esa-sceva/satcom-chunk-collection huggingface dataset:
# Recent Trends and Progress in Corrosion Inhibitors and Electrochemical Evaluation
## 4 Encapsulation Technique for the Effective Corrosion Inhibition  
CIs effectively resist corrosion through the formation of a passive coating on the metal substrate. Unfortunately, they spontaneously leak from coatings, which is one of the harmful concerns. Another critical issue is the homogeneity of the corrosion inhibitor dispersion in the matrix. For practical purposes, the accumulation of corrosion inhibitors would result in coating flaws, speeding up the progression of chemical corrosion and increasing the rate at which corrosion elements permeate the metal surface [113]. To address the aforementioned issues, inhibitors have been encapsulated in containers over the past ten years. Containers or carriers of corrosion inhibitors that operate as protectors must be able to withstand the premature loading release, retain core chemical activity, and improve dispersion. The schematic representation coating of encapsulated CI as depicted in Figure 11.  
Encapsulation is a technique for encasing active molecules in a carrier substance to aid the encapsulated system's intended use. As numerous subsequent studies in this area have demonstrated, using intelligent nanocontainers to transport corrosion inhibitors offers effective substitutes for conventional corrosion protection techniques. Smart nanocontainers in protective coatings provide anticorrosion qualities either as an autonomic response to fluctuations in the coating integrity or as a stimulated response to changes in the external environment. Carbonic nanoparticles, such as fullerenes, graphene sheets, carbon quantum dots (CQDs) [114], carbon nanotubes (CNTs), and carbon nanosphere (CNSs), have attracted researchers to use as a nanocontainer because of their unique properties [115]. Small-sized NPs acting as rolling spheres enter the frictional area to reduce the range of contact between the friction pair and convert sliding friction into rolling friction. Spherical NPs, in particular, have a flexible anti-friction mechanism that dominates the lubricant industry. Because of these reasons, CNSs have garnered the attention of researchers because of their tribological application [69; 116]. Table 1 shows the different nanomaterials and encapsulated materials as CIs. [PERSON] et al. [117] doped a mesoporous CNS with walnut extract (WE) and used ot as a CI in a saline environment (3.5 wt.% NaCl); the IE was 92.7%. [PERSON] et al. [118] used sodium montmorillonite clay particles as a microcontainer of benzimidazole and zinc corrosion inhibitors in an organic coating to create a controlled release inhibitor system with a cation exchange mechanism. [PERSON] et al. [119] synthesized the thiourea-modified polyepoxyuccinic acid (CNS-PESA) and used it as CI for cooling the water system of the factory. CNS-PESA gives 22.4% IE compared to polyepoxysuccinic acid.  
Figure 11: Schematic representation of nano-coatings on the metal surface.
## 6 Application of Proposed Architecture
### Major Security Threats and Attacks
_Authentication and authorization attacks and defense mechanisms_: other attacks that are very common are authentication and authorization attacks [101]. These attacks can be taxonomized into four types: dictionary attacks, attacks exploiting vulnerabilities in authentication protocols, attacks exploiting vulnerabilities in authorization protocols, and overprivileged attacks. The first two target authentication protocols, and the rest target authorization protocols. In dictionary attacks, an attacker employs a credential/password dictionary to crack the credential-enabled authentication system. The defenses against dictionary attacks mainly focus on adding a stronger authentication layer (e.g., two-factor authentication) or hardening the password verification processes, and the defenses against the other three types of attacks mainly use the philosophy of patching/strengthening the current protocols or conducting code-level analyses. Defending against attacks exploiting the vulnerabilities in authentication protocols should either enhance the security of the communication protocols or secure the cryptographic implementations. _Hardening authorization protocols_: authorization in an edge computing infrastructure is as important as the authentication system. Without a properly designed authorization mechanism, an attacker can exploit the weaknesses in the authorization system as well. OAuth 2.0 is a secure protocol that can be used. A common approach to defend against overprivileged attacks against smartphone devices is strengthening the current permission models adopted by mobile OSes.
## 4 Conclusions  
In summary, MPC composite was synthesized via a simple one step solvothermal approach and employed for MB removal from aqueous solution. PMC showed very high adsorption performance because of the featured merits of PC and the Fe\({}_{3}\)O\({}_{4}\) nanoparticles. Furthermore, the adsorbent could be  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c c} \hline \hline  & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Pseudo-First-Order Kinetics**} & \multicolumn{4}{c}{**Pseudo-Second-Order Kinetics**} \\ \cline{2-7} \(C_{0}\) **(mg/L)** & \(q_{e,\mathrm{cal}}\) & \(q_{e,\mathrm{exp}}\) & \(\mathbf{R^{2}}\) & \(k_{1}\) & \(k_{2}\) & \(q_{e,\mathrm{cal}}\) & \(\mathbf{R^{2}}\) \\  & **(mg g\({}^{-1}\))** & **(mg g\({}^{-1}\))** & **(min\({}^{-1}\))** & **(g mg\({}^{-1}\) min\({}^{-1}\))** & **(mg g\({}^{-1}\))** & **R\({}^{2}\)** \\ \hline
45 & 323.05 & 191.15 & 0.3061 & 0.0561 & 0.00753 & 193.42 & 0.9987 \\
50 & 69.21 & 206.39 & 0.0439 & 0.0576 & 0.00239 & 198.81 & 0.9974 \\
55 & 46.25 & 214.40 & 0.0341 & 0.0567 & 0.00549 & 203.67 & 0.9998 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}
Table 2: Kinetic parameters for adsorption of MB onto MPC.  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c} \hline \hline \multirow{2}{*}{\(\Delta\)H\({}^{0}\) **(k) mol\({}^{-1}\)**} & \multirow{2}{*}{\(\Delta\)S\({}^{0}\) **(J mol\({}^{-1}\) K\({}^{-1}\))**} & \multicolumn{3}{c}{\(\Delta\)G\({}^{0}\) **(k) mol\({}^{-1}\))**} \\ \cline{4-5}  & & **298 K** & **308 K** & **318 K** \\ \hline
19.65 & 82.40 & \(-\)4.50 & \(-\)5.31 & \(-\)6.15 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}
Table 3: Adsorption thermodynamic parameter for MB adsorption on the MPC composite.  
easily recovered from aqueous solution by a magnet. The present work would shed light on the design and synthesis of efficient adsorbents based on the deposition of nano-sized Fe\({}_{3}\)O\({}_{4}\) NPs on a matrix with a high surface area and porous structure for dyes removal.  
The following are available online at [[http://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/9/14/2898/s1](http://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/9/14/2898/s1)]([http://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/9/14/2898/s1](http://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/9/14/2898/s1)), Table S1: The adsorption capacity of MB onto various adsorbents.  
[PERSON] and [PERSON] prepared and characterized the samples. [PERSON] contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools. [PERSON] and [PERSON] designed the experiments and wrote the paper. [PERSON], [PERSON] and [PERSON] provided useful discussion.  
This research was funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China, grant number U1433101 and U1533118.  
The authors declare no conflict of interest.
## 3 Significance of Rapid Tether-Based Constellation Deployment  
Tether-based deployment can offer two key advantages: quicker commissioning timelines and, as a result, financial benefits as well. Faster timelines result from shorter post-launch dispersion, and potentially simpler technology development depending on the constellation producer compared to traditional propulsion system development. Shortened timelines are produced with the utilization of pseudo-impulsive release maneuvers that deliver velocity change quicker than low-thrust electric propulsion or passive drag, like that used on multiple constellations such as those by Starlink/SpaceX and Planet Labs. This shortened time from launch to operation in space can allow for faster profit realization by getting technologies working in space sooner. Cost savings can potentially come from eliminating the need for more complex propulsion systems and onboard propellant for initial post-launch \(\Delta\)V boosts (although smaller systems for later station-keeping may be recommended). Tether systems can also be stowed compactly in form factors comparable with the form factors of traditional propulsion systems, but also do not require expendable propellant, making them suitable for small spacecraft like CubeSats.  
This potential for faster and more affordable constellation establishment could see major uses both around and beyond Earth. If current constellations are ever damaged at large or made unusable, such as by large space weather events or human-caused coordinated strikes, these assets are costly to bring back online, and can suffer periods of irregular or unavailable coverage while in recovery. Using a tether-based approach could minimize the internal cost and timelines of constellation recovery to rapidly respond to network damage. These satellites could also be used for rapid deployment of private networks, where coverage could be quickly needed over specific regions. Expectedly, constellation establishment by traditional means could take even longer if trying to work around another celestial body such as the Moon or Mars. If a tethered framework were to be applied to future constellations, it could possibly be a significant accelerator in developing the infrastructure needed in establishing manned settlements beyond Earth.
# A Novel Breast-Volume Self-Measurement Method with Improved Convenient and Accuracy
## 4 Discussion
Therefore, accurate breast-volume measurements not only aid in improving bra selection, but also help women develop a positive body image. The self-measurement method developed in this study supports daily health monitoring and lays the foundation for future research on body image and psychological health. This method allows for long-term tracking of changes in breast volume, helping women better understand their physical condition, thereby enhancing self-confidence and self-acceptance. While this study has made significant progress in the development and preliminary validation of a breast-volume measurement method, we acknowledge certain limitations in the research design. First, the sample size was relatively limited, as we only used one unilateral and one bilateral standardized medical breast model. Although these initial results provided a solid foundation for verifying the accuracy of the formula, future studiesshould expand the sample size to further validate the applicability of this method across different populations. Additionally, a formal power analysis to determine the required sample size has not yet been conducted. However, we plan to include power calculations in future studies to optimize the research design and ensure that the selected sample size can robustly verify the reliability and validity of the method. Second, while the geometric model demonstrated high accuracy in this study, the substantial variation in breast morphology among individuals suggests that further refinement is necessary. Future research could optimize the geometric model to accommodate more complex or larger breast shapes, thus improving the method's general applicability. Accurate breast-volume measurement plays a crucial role not only in health management and bra design but also in breast reconstruction and cosmetic procedures, particularly for correcting breast asymmetry [43]. Precise volume estimation is essential for surgical planning, as it helps ensure symmetrical outcomes by accurately assessing the volume of each breast [44]. Although the self-measurement method proposed in this study was preliminarily validated using medical models, it has shown great potential in providing accurate volume data, and could be applied in preoperative evaluations. In future studies, we plan to further validate the applicability of this method in real-world scenarios. Furthermore, future research should explore the broader applications of this method in health and nutritional monitoring, especially its role in promoting long-term physiological and psychological well-being. With further refinement and widespread adoption, the proposed method could become a valuable tool for monitoring women's health and assessing psychological wellness.
# Machine Learning-Based 3D Soil Layer Reconstruction in Foundation Pit Engineering
## 2 Soil Layer Representation and Sparse Borehole Modeling  
### Meta-Information of Soil Layers  
Real geological soil blocks contain multiple types of soil layers. Based on geological structural characteristics, they are primarily classified into continuous soil layers, hiatus soil layers, and fault soil layers. Based on soil properties, they can be further categorized into soft clay layers, expansive soil layers, collapsible loess layers, weathered rock layers, etc. Table 1 presents the types of soil layers that may be encountered during deep excavation, along with their corresponding characteristics and potential impacts on construction.  
The information on soil layers mainly includes name, nature, composition, color, density, humidity, etc. The soil layer file is designed to store this information in this paper. Figure 2 shows the data structure of the soil layer file; the set of soil layers is denoted by \(S\), \(S=\{s_{1},s_{2},\,\ldots,s_{n}\}\), there are \(n\) types of soil layers in \(S\), and for \(\forall si\in S\) there is a tuple, \(si=\{m_{i},\,p_{i},\,in_{i},\,y_{i},\,w_{i},\,h_{i}\}\), where \(m_{i}\) represents the name of the \(i^{th}\) soil layer, \(p_{i}\) represents the nature of the \(i^{th}\) soil layer, \(in_{i}\) represents the amount of the \(i^{th}\) soil layer,  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c} \hline \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**Scheme**} & **Cohesion** & **Internal Friction** & **Permeability Coefficient** & \multirow{2}{*}{**Common Engineering Issues**} \\  & **(kPa)** & **Angle (\({}^{\circ}\))** & **(m/s)** & & \\ \hline stiff clay & 30–50 & 15–25 & \(10^{-7}\)–\(10^{-9}\) & creep deformation \\ loose sand & 0–5 & 25–30 & \(10^{-4}\)–\(10^{-5}\) & quicksand \\ dense gravel & 0 & 38–45 & \(10^{-2}\)–\(10^{-3}\) & difficult dewatering \\ soft silt/mud & 5–10 & 0–5 & \(10^{-8}\)–\(10^{-9}\) & basal heave, large wall deflection \\ weathered rock & 100–300 & 35–45 & \(10^{-5}\)–\(10^{-7}\) & fracture water pressure \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}
Table 1: Typical soil layer parameter information.  
Figure 1: The overall technical roadmap.  
\(y_{i}\) represents the color of the \(i^{th}\) soil layer, \(w_{i}\) represents the density of the \(i^{th}\) soil layer, and \(h_{i}\) represents the humidity of the \(i^{th}\) soil layer.
## 5 Simulation Results
### Results
The interference is stronger than Figure 10. In this case, both curves without interference cancellation and with the conventional cancellation method show degraded performance compared to Figure 10. The conventional method degrades as the NBI power increases. This indicates that the conventional method fails to fully remove the NBI or that it introduces notable damage to the desired signal. However, when the proposed technique is applied, the BER performance approaches the ideal BER. With a repetition count of 1, there is a slight loss of approximately 1.5 dB at BER = \(1\times 10^{-5}\), but when using a repetition of 4, the loss becomes negligible. Figures 12 and 13 show the BER performance in an ETU fading channel environment with SIR = 5 dB and 0 dB, respectively. The dotted lines represent the results with a repetition of 1, while the solid lines represent the results with a repetition of 4. As in the AWGN channel, a repetition of 4 shows a 6 dB improvement in the ideal BER curve. The overall BER performance degrades in the ETU channel compared with the AWGN channel. In Figure 12, when interference exists and no cancellation is applied, the worst performance is observed. When the conventional interference cancellation method is applied, only minor  
Figure 10: BER performance with interference cancellation under the AWGN channel and SIR = 5 dB (solid: spreading gain 1, dashed: spreading gain 4). improvements are observed. However, with the proposed cancellation method, a notable performance improvement is seen. If the repetition is 1, a substantial performance loss is observed compared to the ideal BER, and a BER floor occurs, preventing the BER from dropping below \(5\times 10^{-5}\). In contrast, increasing the repetition to 4 reduces the performance loss to only about 2 dB compared to the ideal BER, and the BER floor disappears. The results in Figure 13 for SIR = 0 dB show similar characteristics to those in Figure 12. When the conventional interference cancellation method is applied, the performance severely degrades, but with the proposed technique, the performance does not significantly worsen compared to Figure 12. While a BER floor appears with a repetition of 1, increasing the repetition count to 4 reduces the performance loss to within approximately 2 dB, and no BER floor is observed. Figure 11: BER performance with interference cancellation under AWGN channel and SIR = 0 dB (solid: spreading gain 1, dashed: spreading gain 4). \[\sigma_{e}=\sqrt{E\big{[}\Big{(}f_{F}T-\hat{f}_{F}T\big{)}^{2}\big{]}} \tag{17}\]0 BER performance with interference cancellation under ETU channel and SIR = 5 dB (solid: spreading gain 1, dashed: spreading gain 4). From Figures 10-13, the proposed method demonstrates nearly identical BER performance regardless of the SIR. This result confirms that the proposed technique is effective in canceling NBI, irrespective of the interference power.
## 2 Experimental Research
### Test Equipment and System  
The experimental testing system comprises the test loading system, acoustic emission device, static strain detection equipment, and image acquisition system. The experiments were conducted using an AG-X250 testing machine (The machine is manufactured by Qingdao Qiankunxing Intelligent Technology Co., Ltd., Qingdao, China) for uniaxial loading, with a loading rate of 0.001 mm/s, and the sensitivity of the testing machine was set to 80%. Simultaneously, a Donghua (Jingjiang, China) DH-3816N static strain testing instrument (as shown in Figure 3a) was used for data acquisition during the experimental process, with a sampling interval of 60 points per minute and a strain sensitivity coefficient ranging from 1.0 to 3.0. BX120-3 AA strain gauges (Beijing Yiyang Yingzhen Testing Technology Co., Ltd., Beijing, China) were selected as strain sensors, with a base length \(\times\) width of 6.6 \(\times\) 3.6 mm and a strain limit of 2000 \(\upmu\)m/m. Two strain gauges were placed on the surface of each red sandstone specimen, and the sensors were sequentially labeled as S1 and S2 from top to bottom. S1 was oriented perpendicular to the defect trend, while S2 was parallel to the defect trend. The positions of the strain gauges on the intact red sandstone and the four sets of defective rock specimens were identical, as illustrated in Figure 3b, with a physical representation shown in Figure 3c, the device installation location is shown in Figure 4. During the experiment, the MISTRAS series PCI acoustic emission system produced by the American Physical Acoustics Company (Beijing, China) was used to monitor acoustic emission events in the specimens during uniaxial loading. Additionally, a SONY 4K high-speed camera (Sony Corporation, Tokyo, Japan) was employed to capture the entire process of surface crack propagation. Before the experiment, the timing synchronization of the test loading control system, acoustic emission device, and image acquisition equipment was adjusted to ensure their correspondence, The schematic diagram of the testing system is shown in Figure 5.  
Figure 3: DH-3816N static strain testing system (**a**); location of strain gauge arrangement (**b**); physical diagram of sensor layout (**c**).  
Figure 2: Completed red sandstone jointed rock mass production.
## 3 Network Architecture and Topology
### Sensing Subsystem
A special class of disconnected networks is the disconnected clustered barriers [33] for multi-lane roads, which combine advantages from clustered barriers with arbitrary emplacement thanks to the use of mobile sinks. * **Vehicular Sensing**  
In addition to obtaining traffic and road information by means of static nodes, it is also possible to use vehicles for this purpose. In this respect, measurements taken from the different sensors installed onboard vehicles, as well as information about the presence of other vehicles, can be transmitted via radio to roadside nodes. Therefore vehicular sensing requires static deployments of one of the arrangements above. The fact that a vehicle itself announces its presence by means of RF transmissions, which henceforth will be denoted as active vehicle detection [14], allows that only vehicles that are able to interact with the system will be detected by the roadside deployment. On the contrary, non-equipped vehicles are disregarded by the system, which is a problem for applications requiring a detailed knowledge of the traffic state.
# A Novel Algorithm of Haze Identification Based on FY3D/MERSI-II Remote Sensing Data
###### Abstract  
Since 2013, frequent haze pollution events in China have been attracting public attention, generating a demand to identify the haze areas using satellite observations. Many studies of haze recognition algorithms are based on observations from space-borne imagers, such as the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS), the Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) and the Advanced Himawari Imager (AHI). Since the haze pixels are frequently misidentified as clouds in the official cloud detection products, these algorithms mainly focus on recovering them from clouds. There are just a few studies that provide a more precise distinction between haze and clear pixels. The Medium Resolution Imaging Spectrometer II (MERSI-II), the imager aboard the FY-3D satellite, has similar bands to those of MODIS, hence, it appears to have equivalent application potential. This study proposes a novel MERSI haze mask (MHAM) algorithm to directly categorize haze pixels in addition to cloudy and clear ones. This algorithm is based on the fact that cloudy and clear pixels exhibit opposing visible channel reflectance and infrared channel brightness temperature characteristics, and clear pixels are relative brighter, and as well as this, there is a positive difference between their apparent reflectance values, at 0.865 \(\upmu\)m and 1.64 \(\upmu\)m, respectively, over bright surfaces. Compared with the Aqua/MODIS and MERSI-II official cloud detection products, these two datasets treat the dense aerosol loadings as certain clouds, possible clouds and possible clear pixels, and they treat distinguished light or moderate haze as possible clouds, possible clear pixels and certainly clear pixels, while the novel algorithm is capable of demonstrating the haze region's boundary in a manner that is more substantially consistent with the true color image. Using the PM\({}_{2.5}\) (particle matter with a diameter that is less than 2.5 \(\upmu\)m) data monitored by the national air quality monitoring stations as the test source, the results indicated that when the ground-based PM\({}_{2.5}\)\(\geq\) 35 \(\upmu\)g/cm\({}^{3}\) is considered to be haze days, the samples with the recognition rate that is higher than 85% accounted for 72.22% of the total samples. When PM\({}_{2.5}\)\(\geq\) 50 \(\upmu\)g/cm\({}^{3}\) is considered as haze days, 83.33% of the samples had an identification rate that was higher than 85%. A cross-comparison with similar research methods showed that the method proposed in this study had better sensitivity to bright surface clear and haze areas. This study will provide a haze mask for subsequent quantitative inversion of aerosol characteristics, and it will further exert the application benefits of MERSI-II instrument aboard on FY3D satellite.  
MERSI-II; haze; heavy aerosol; cloud; bright surface; distinguish +
Footnote †: journal: remote sensing