###### Abstract  
The digitization of the instrument control system in monitoring operations makes the problem of the operator's situational awareness failure more prominent. In order to better prevent this occurrence, this paper explores the failure of situational awareness from the perspective of cognitive function. The subjects were randomly divided into two groups: a working memory training group and a control group. Working memory measurements and coal mining machine monitoring simulation system operation tasks were performed before and after training, and the task performance, situational awareness scale, and EEG index data were recorded. The results showed that, after the training, there was a significant improvement in the task performance of the monitoring operation and the scores of the situational awareness scale, and there were different degrees of activation in the \(\theta\), \(\alpha_{2}\) and \(\beta_{1}\) frequency bands. It was demonstrated that working memory training could help to improve the rapid reaction and decision-making abilities of operators in complex or emergency situations, thus preventing the failure of situational awareness. This study provides a new direction for research on the prevention of situational awareness failure. working memory training; monitoring; situational awareness failure  
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[PERSON], [PERSON], [PERSON]. Research on the Effect of Working Memory Training on the Prevention of Situation Awareness Failure in  
Stiuation Awareness Failure in  
situational awareness and operational performance [6]. In complex and changeable operating environments, such as flight driving, limited working memory makes it difficult for pilots to acquire and integrate various types of information in the environment in a timely manner, resulting in SA failure [7]. In driving tasks, individuals with low working memory capacity are prone to task maintenance failure due to driving distractions or external interference [8]. Empirical studies have further confirmed the positive correlation and predictive relationship between working memory capacity and SA [6]. Working memory (WM) is a short-term memory system that stores and manages information and is closely linked to other cognitive processes [9]. Working memory can be evaluated in various ways, including the reading span task, number span task, operation span task, N-back task, etc. The operation span task is a classical measure of working memory. This measure is based on [PERSON]'s concept of working memory, in which individuals process and store information at the same time, and their final performance on the memory task is used as a measure of their working memory ability [10]. Working memory training is an effective way to improve working memory. Working memory-related tasks are usually used for short-term training to improve individuals' working memory capacity and cognitive abilities, so as to help them to better understand and process complex information [11]. In other words, working memory has high plasticity, and a certain degree of training can increase the capacity of working memory [12] and the performance of training tasks [13], as well as affecting other cognitive abilities related to it [14,15]. The positive effects of working memory training on other higher cognitive functions have been widely recognized, and some studies have proven the close relationship between working memory and situational awareness. However, whether the effects of working memory training can be transferred to practical application scenarios and prevent the failure of situational awareness is still unknown. Therefore, it is of great significance to explore working memory training to prevent situational awareness failure in monitoring workers. In addition, situational awareness is a complex cognitive process involving multiple cognitive domains, and its measurement methods are complex and diverse. In previous studies, situational awareness was mostly assessed by questionnaires [16,17].