## 2 Materials and Methods
### Analyses of Microenvironment Simulation Results in High-Rise Buildings
#### 3.3.3 Influence of Strong Winds on Flame Spread Rate on the Fire-Affected Wall Forward Wind
For the thermocouples 3, 4, 7, 8, 11, and 12 located above the ignition point, the temperature changes in the thermocouples in the middle column (7 and 8) are significantly higher than those on the left and right sides, indicating that under the influence of the forward wind, the high-temperature area remains above the ignition point. Figure 31: Temperature changes in fired wall under Working Condition 1-1. Leeward Wind  
Figure 33 shows the temperature changes near the fire-exposed wall under Condition 2-1. Under the influence of the backward wind, the temperatures of the thermocouples in the middle section of the fire-exposed wall fluctuate significantly and are relatively high. This is because the backward wind mainly promotes the vertical spread of the flames, resulting in intense burning of the insulation material above the ignition point. Among the thermocouples on the left and right sides, those located at the upper part of the building (7, 8, 11, and 12) have temperatures significantly higher than those at the bottom of the building, with an average temperature around 140 \({}^{\circ}\)C. The temperatures of the thermocouples at the bottom of the building are lower, as the backward wind promotes vertical flame spread, and the flames start to spread laterally only when they reach the middle to upper part of the building. Consequently, the temperatures at the lower left and lower right of the fire-exposed wall are lower. This indicates that the backward wind mainly facilitates the vertical spread of the flames. Figure 34 shows the temperature changes near the fire-exposed wall under Condition 2-2. When the ignition point is located in the middle of the building, under the influence of the backward wind, the thermocouples located in the middle to lower part of the building (1, 2, 5, 6, 9, and 10) are not affected by high temperatures, with temperatures close to the ambient temperature. The thermocouples on the left side of the building also show temperatures nearly at ambient levels, indicating that the backward wind does not cause the flames to deflect to the left. Under these wind field conditions, the high-temperature areas on the fire-exposed wall are mainly concentrated at measurement points 7, 8, and 12, which correspond to the upper middle region of the building and the upper right-hand side of the building. Figure 32: Temperature changes in fired wall under Working Condition 1-2. Figure 34: Temperature changes in fired wall under Working Condition 2-2. Figure 33: Temperature changes in fired wall under Working Condition 2-1. Sideward Wind  
Figure 35 shows the temperature changes near the fire-exposed wall under Condition 3-1 with lateral wind. From the temperature change graph, it can be seen that only thermocouple 1, located at the lower left corner of the fire-exposed wall, shows a significant temperature increase, reaching a peak of 160 \({}^{\circ}\)C at around 180 s. Thermocouple 5, located above the ignition point, also shows a small temperature rise, with a peak temperature of around 70 \({}^{\circ}\)C at 200 s. The temperatures of the thermocouples on the right side of the fire-exposed wall and in the upper middle part of the building are close to the ambient temperature and show no significant change. This indicates that the lateral wind has suppressed the spread of the flames, preventing most of the insulation material on the fire-exposed wall from being ignited. Figure 36 shows the temperature changes near the fire-exposed wall under Condition 3-1. The figure indicates that the high-temperature areas are primarily located around thermocouples 3 and 7, which are in the upper middle and upper left areas above the ignition point. This suggests that under the influence of lateral wind, the flames have deflected to the left. The temperatures of the thermocouples at the top (4 and 8) show little change, indicating that the lateral wind has suppressed the vertical spread of the flames, causing the flames to primarily deflect to the left.