###### Abstract  
The emergence of Automated Driving Systems (ADSs) has transformed the landscape of safety assessment. ADSs, capable of controlling a vehicle without human intervention, represent a significant shift from traditional driver-centric approaches to vehicle safety. While traditional safety assessments rely on the assumption of a human driver in control, ADSs require a different approach that acknowledges the machine as the primary driver. Before market introduction, it is necessary to confirm the vehicle safety claimed by the manufacturer. The complexity of the systems necessitates a new comprehensive safety assessment that examines and validates the hazard identification and safety-by-design concepts and ensures that the ADS meets the relevant safety requirements throughout the vehicle lifecycle. The presented work aims to enhance the effectiveness of the assessment performed by a homologation service provider by using assessment templates based on refined requirement attributes that link to the operational design domain (ODD) and the use of Key Enabling Technologies (KETs), such as communication, positioning, and cybersecurity, in the implementation of ADSs. The refined requirement attributes can serve as safety-performance indicators to assist the evaluation of the design soundness of the ODD. The contributions of this paper are: (1) outlining a method for deriving assessment templates for use in future ADS assessments; (2) demonstrating the method by analysing three KETs with respect to such assessment templates; and (3) demonstrating the use of assessment templates on a use case, an unmanned (remotely assisted) truck in a limited ODD. By employing assessment templates tailored to the technology reliance of the identified use case, the evaluation process gained clarity through assessable attributes, assessment criteria, and functional scenarios linked to the ODD and KETs. safety assessment; operational design domain; automated driving; communication; connectivity; positioning; cybersecurity 202330  
(OEM) must demonstrate that the ADS can operate safely in all traffic situations, including in rare circumstances such as sensor failures, cyberattacks, or environmental changes. Type approval becomes particularly important to ensure that these systems are safe and reliable to build trust and acceptance in the eyes of the public for this emerging technology. Key entities in the new type-approval process include the OEM, Homologation Authority, and Homologation Technical Service Provider, as seen in Figure 1.  
The OEM is responsible for designing, developing, and producing the vehicle or automotive component, seeking type approval. They ensure compliance with regulations and standards, providing necessary documentation, test reports, and technical information. The Homologation Authority is the regulatory body granting type approval. They verify compliance with regulations, assessing the safety, environmental impact, and legal requirements. They review documentation, conduct tests, and issue type-approval certificates. The Homologation Technical Service Provider is an independent organisation authorised by the Homologation Authority. They perform testing, evaluation, and certification services. Following standardised procedures, they assess the product performance, safety, and environmental characteristics that support the type-approval process. An ADS assessment scheme must consider complex sensors, algorithms, and the vehicle's decision-making process to operate in automated mode. To meet the challenge of assessing an ADS, the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE) World Forum for the Harmonisation of Vehicle Regulations (WP29) drafted a \"New Assessment and Test Method\" (NATM) that may become part of the future type approval for ADSs. The procedural goal of NATM is to conduct an empirical, objective, practical, and repeatable independent safety assessment of any ADS while maintaining technology neutrality.