## 3 Multimedia
### Challenges and Metrics of Study in Multimedia
This innovative approach as presented by [30] holds promise for enhancing the quality of video transmission within vehicular networks. However, the researchers did not indicate the impact of video transmission on other safety messages, and the outcomes are only suitable for short-range video delivery. A comparative analysis, as presented in [31], evaluates various video streaming techniques used in vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs). The study also explores potential future strategies to enhance video streaming performance within these networks. The author systematically evaluates the performance of different video streaming approaches, including adaptive streaming and multicast techniques, by considering important metrics such as delay, throughput, and video quality. This comparative analysis provides valuable insights into the strengths and limitations of various video transmission approaches, shedding light on the challenges that must be addressed to achieve efficient video streaming in VANETs. Additionally, the article highlights a significant observation, also presented by [32], that the high mobility of vehicles poses difficulties in achieving effective video communication for entertainment purposes, primarily due to the Doppler effect. This finding underscores the need for innovative solutions to mitigate the impact of mobility on video streaming in VANETs. In another effort to preserve bandwidth while streaming video in VANET, Ref. [33] presents a cross-layer path-selection scheme for video streaming over VANETs. The authors address the challenges of dynamic network topology and varying link conditions in VANETs, which can affect video streaming quality. They propose a novel path-selection scheme that considers both network-layer metrics, such as link quality and stability, and application-layer metrics, such as video quality and delay. The scheme aims to optimize the selection of paths for video download from the roadside unit, considering the current network and application conditions. The effectiveness of the proposed scheme is evaluated through simulations, demonstrating its potential in improving video streaming performance over VANETs. Similar to [33; 34] proposes a cross-layer path selection scheme for video streaming over VANETs. The authors address the challenges posed by dynamic network topology and varying link conditions in VANETs, which can adversely affect video streaming quality in terms of Peak Signal-to-Noise Ratio (PSNR). They propose a novel path-selection scheme that considers both network-layer metrics, such as link quality and stability, and application layer metrics, such as video quality and delay. The scheme in [34] aims to optimize the selection of paths for video download from the roadside unit, taking into account the current network and application conditions. The simulation results of the path selection scheme demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach in improving video streaming performance over VANETs. Both articles [33; 34] address the issue of video streaming over VANETs and propose solutions to improve streaming performance. The first article focuses on a cross-layer path selection scheme that considers both network-layer and application-layer metrics for path optimization. Its goal is to enhance video streaming performance by selecting the most suitable paths for video download based on current network and application conditions. In contrast, the second article emphasizes Quality of Experience (QoE)-aware routing, where QoE-related metrics are considered alongside traditional network metrics in the routing decision-making process. Its goal is to enhance the overall video streaming experience by dynamically selecting the best routes that meet the QoE requirements of the video stream. Both articles utilize simulations to evaluate the effectiveness of their proposed approaches. However, neither of these articles discusses the use of audio images as a means of reducing bandwidth in VANET multimedia transmission.