# Satellite Video Moving Vehicle Detection and Tracking Based on Spatiotemporal Characteristics
## 5 Conclusions  
Given the complex background of satellite videos, noise, and pseudo-motion targets that interfere with the detection and tracking of moving vehicles, this study proposed a method for detecting and tracking moving vehicles in satellite videos with spatiotemporal characteristic constraints (DTSTC). Compared with traditional methods, DTSTC is more robust in constructing constraints and removing background noise interference. The detection rate of moving target extraction was improved, and a significant advantage was  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Test Data** & **Method** & **_IDFN_ & **_IDFP_ & _IDTP_ & _IDS_ & **MOTA (\%)** & **_IDF\({}_{1}\) (\%)_ \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{Area 1} & CMOGv2\_D & 100 & 6 & 329 & 4 & 74.71 & 86.13 \\  & C\_SORT & 67 & 2 & 366 & 3 & 83.44 & 91.38 \\  & DTSTC & **62** & **0** & **373** & **1** & **85.52** & **92.33** \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{Area 2} & CMOGv2\_D & 117 & **15** & 239 & 9 & 61.99 & 78.36 \\  & C\_SORT & 121 & 18 & 232 & 3 & 61.72 & 76.94 \\  & DTSTC & **111** & **15** & **245** & **2** & **65.49** & **79.55** \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{Area 3} & CMOGv2\_D & 44 & 0 & 75 & 3 & 60.50 & 77.32 \\  & C\_SORT & **0** & **0** & **119** & **0** & **100.00** & **100.00** \\  & DTSTC & **0** & **0** & **119** & **0** & **100.00** & **100.00** \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{Area 4} & CMOGv2\_D & 109 & 33 & 241 & 12 & 59.79 & 77.24 \\  & C\_SORT & **36** & 22 & 325 & 2 & 84.33 & 91.80 \\  & DTSTC & **36** & **2** & **345** & **2** & **89.56** & **94.78** \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{Area 5} & CMOGv2\_D & 218 & 6 & 166 & 12 & 39.49 & 59.71 \\  & C\_SORT & **28** & **12** & **350** & **4** & **88.72** & **95.49** \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{Area 6} & CMOGv2\_D & 77 & 36 & 137 & 8 & 51.60 & 70.80 \\  & C\_SORT & **29** & 34 & 187 & 7 & 72.00 & 85.58 \\ \cline{1-1}  & DTSTC & **29** & **16** & **205** & **5** & **80.00** & **90.11** \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}
Table 2: Tracking performance evaluation results.  
Figure 13: Tracking results in complex situations. The figure (**a**–**d**) depict the tracking results for each of the four different scenarios. The different color boxes in the figure represent different tracking targets.  
achieved in detecting moving vehicles. DTSTC was also proven to be more stable during the tracking phase.  
Although DTSTC reduced the rate of missed detection of moving vehicles to a certain extent in this study, there were still missed detections of faint targets. To further improve detection precision, the incorporation of time-dimensional motion information can be considered in the detection process. In addition to the method proposed in this study, as with most current algorithms, the tracking performance depends on the detection algorithm. In the future, further consideration should be given to transferring features from the past moments of the target to the current frame, enhancing detection; thus, detection and tracking can reinforce each other and form a closed loop.  
Methodology, numerical experiments, and writing--original draft, M.L.; proposal, planning, and design of the project, D.F.; writing--review and editing, M.L. and Y.D.; organization of the images, D.L.; downloading and checking of the VISO dataset, M.L. and Y.D.; formal analysis, D.F. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.  
Foundation support: The National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 41971427); Program of Song Shan Laboratory (included in the management of the Major Science and Technology Program of Henan Province) (221100211000-4); and The High Resolution Remote Sensing, Surveying and Mapping Application Demonstration System (Phase II) (No. 42-Y30B04-9001-19/21).  
Informed Consent Statement: Informed consent was obtained from all subjects involved in the study.  
The data presented in this study are available on reasonable request from the corresponding author.  
The authors declare no conflict of interest.