## 3 Results and Discussion
### Bioactive Characteristics of T. catappa and Its Blends with Eryththrid and Cane Sugar
In EtOH extracts, all variants of the tested samples showed significantly higher antioxidant activity than water extracts. Using a sweetener did not affect the antioxidant activity change (for the ABTS method) compared to the control, both in the case of ethanol and water extract. Similar results were obtained in the studies by [PERSON] et al. (2024) [PERSON] et al. (2024) in which the ethanol extract of _T. catappa_ showed higher antioxidant activity (measured by the ABTS method) than the same raw material extracted by water [PERSON] et al. (2024). Antioxidant activity of the control sample (measured using the DPPH method, which involves measuring the reaction of quenching the stable free radical 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) depended significantly on the type of extractant used and was higher for the water extract. The analysis of variance also showed that adding a sweetener to the tested raw material did not affect (compared to the control) the antioxidant activity in the ethanol extract. This may be due to the lower extraction of highly polar antioxidants (such as ascorbic acid) in EtOH than to the water, which was the reason why no differences were observed in the antioxidant activity (by DPPH method) of the tested raw materials compared to the control (in the case of the ethanol extract). Similar results were obtained in studies on tropical plants of the genera _Struchium sparganophora_, _Amaranthus cruentus, Telfauria occidentalis_, _Ocimum gratissimum_, _Cridoscolous aconitifolius_, and _Vernonia amigdalina_, where polar extracts showed significantly higher capacity to scavenge 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radicals than extracts of lower polarity and non-polar extracts [PERSON] et al. (2024). In the case of water extracts, two-way ANOVA showed that 5% addition of erythroid and 5% and 15% addition of cane sugar have a statistically significant effect (cause a significant decrease) on antioxidant activity (measured by the DPPH method) compared to the control. Perhaps the bioactive compounds in cane sugar have too low polarity to be extracted into ethanol. Cane sugar is a raw material that contains large amounts of such bioactive components as flavonoids (such as apigenin, luteolin, tricine), alkaloids (such as piperidine and trigonelline), phytosterols (such as \(\beta\)-sitosterol, campesterol, and stigmasterol), terpenoids (such as arundoin and isobarorinol), and policosanols (such as docosanol, hexacosanol, and tetracosanol). Most of these antioxidants are non-polar or low-polar antioxidants that will not be extracted in water and alcoholic solution B. A.  
analysis showed that adding a sweetener did not affect the value of reducing activity of the tested raw material (relative to the control) in the case of extraction with an ethanol solution. It is indicated that potent reducing agents include alkali metals, such as sodium, magnesium, zinc, calcium, and potassium, which are present in significant amounts in _T. catappa_ seeds [43]. The analysis of reducing properties (measured by FRAP) shows that the extraction of these substances into water and ethanol can occur at a similar level and intensity. Polyphenols present in plants, especially phenolic acids and flavonoids, can also act as reducing agents (electron donors) [44]. Analysis of variance showed that 15% addition of cane sugar to the tested raw material caused a statistically significant increase in reducing activity compared to the control in the case of an aqueous solution. It was confirmed that cane sugar contains such phenolic acids as hydroxycinnamic acid, caffe acid, and sinapic acid and flavonoids as apigenin, luteolin, and catechin [41]. The higher solubility of these substances in water was probably the reason for the high reducing activity (compared to the control) in the case of the aqueous extract containing _T. catappa_ seeds with 15% addition of sugar cane. These results indicate that both sweetener addition and extraction solvent choice influence the bioactive properties of _T.