# The Usage of Virtual and Augmented Reality in Underwater Archeology
## 3 Virtual and Augmented Reality Technologies  
### Development of Technology, Including Underwater Archeology  
The invention of stereoscopic devices by Sir [PERSON] in 1838 can be considered the first step in the development of VR and its accompanying devices [19; 20]. These devices were the prototype of today's 3D goggles. They created depth in the presented image through a pair of mirrors positioned at a 45-degree angle to the user's eyes. Since these devices were created before photography, they used drawings [20]. The next step in technological development was the first flight simulator called \"Link trainer\" (also described as \"Blue Box\" and \"Pilot Trainer\"). This simulator was built in 1929 by [PERSON] at Link Aviation Devices [19]. The system was the world's first commercially built flight simulator and was used to train pilots during World War II [20]. The concept of modern VR emerged almost 100 years later. It was first described in a science fiction story called \"Pygmalion's Spectacles\" in 1935. In this story, [PERSON] describes a device equipped with lenses and a cable that transports the user to another dimension [20]. An important person in the development of VR and AR was [PERSON]. In 1952, he published a short article entitled \"Experience Theater\", where he presented the concept of a VR machine. Along with the article, he began work on creating a prototype of the device [19; 21]. The effects of this work were two inventions, important from the point of view of the development of VR technology. The first of them is the \"Telesphere\" mask with a headset, developed in 1960. It provided a wide-vision image with stereoscopic 3D and stereo sound through the earbuds. This mask was also the first head-mounted display. The second project is \"Sensorama\", patented in 1962. The device was a combination of a 3D screen, stereo speakers, scents, vibrations, and atmospheric effects such as wind. It was intended to engage all the viewer's senses during the projection of the image. The creator considered \"Sensorama\" to be \"the future of cinema\", but the device was not widely used due to its high cost [16; 22]. At the same time, i.e., in 1961, [PERSON] and [PERSON], two engineers from Philco Corporation, developed the so-called head-mounted display technology--HMD (from helmet-mounted display or head-mounted display). The device, called \"Headsight\", was equipped not only with depth-of-view solutions, but also with a magnetic tracking device that al lowed the remote camera to be moved, which in turn gave the user the ability to look around the environment without physically being there [23; 24]. Another important date for the development of VR and AR is 1965, in which a new prototype of a virtual helmet was developed by [PERSON], a professor at Harvard University [16; 22]. Work on this topic continued, resulting in a device developed by [PERSON] in cooperation with his student [PERSON] called the \"Sword of Damocles\". Many people consider this invention to be the first AR and VR equipment. Compared to the previous model, it included additional features such as graphics generation and computer integration [18; 20]. The main barrier to the wider application of this invention was the excessive weight of the device [22]. In the 1970s, a noteworthy system was developed by MIT in 1978, a virtual map of the city of Aspen-- the \"Aspen Movie Map\". The system used photos taken from a car in Aspen, Colorado, which were used to simulate driving on the streets in one of three modes: summer, winter, and polygons, from a first-person perspective. The system can be considered a prototype for Google's later VR application \"Street View\" [23; 24]. In the 1980s, new possibilities for using VR and AR appeared. Aviation-related projects are worth mentioning, as well as astronautics. In 1981, NASA's \"Virtual Interface Environment Workstation\" (VIEW) project began. The project concerned the creation of an inexpensive pilot training system for manned space missions.