## 4 Nazzfast Consensus Mechanism
### Block Creation Cycle
#### 4.4.1 Block Proposal Phase
In Proceedings of the 2017 IEEE 36 th Symposium on Reliable Distributed Systems (SRDS), Hong Kong, China, 26-29 September 2017; IEEE: New York, NY, USA, 2017; pp. 253-255. * [PERSON] (2017) [PERSON]; [PERSON] [PERSON] Casper the friendly finality gadget. _arXiv_**2017**, arXiv:1710.09437. * [PERSON] et al. (2019) [PERSON] [PERSON]; [PERSON]; [PERSON] Refinement and verification of CBC Casper. In Proceedings of the 2019 Crypto Valley Conference on Blockchain Technology (CVCBT), Rotkreuz, Switzerland, 24-26 June 2019; IEEE: New York, NY, USA, 2019; pp. 26-38. * [PERSON] et al. (2023) [PERSON]; [PERSON]; [PERSON] Study of Performance Measures and Throughput of Raft Consensus Algorithm. _Int. J. Res. Appl. Sci. Eng. Technol. JIRASET_**2023**, 862-869. [CrossRef]
* [PERSON] et al. (2020) [PERSON]; [PERSON]; [PERSON]; [PERSON]; [PERSON] LaKSA: A probabilistic proof-of-stake protocol. _arXiv_**2020**, arXiv:2006.01427. * [PERSON] et al. (2023) [PERSON]; [PERSON]; [PERSON] A study on diem and aptos distributed ledger technology. _Int. J. Parallel Emergent Distrib. Syst._**2023**, 1-17. [CrossRef]
* [PERSON] (2025) Shardeum. Available online: [[https://shardeum.org/blog/consensus-mechanism-used-in-shardeum/](https://shardeum.org/blog/consensus-mechanism-used-in-shardeum/)]([https://shardeum.org/blog/consensus-mechanism-used-in-shardeum/](https://shardeum.org/blog/consensus-mechanism-used-in-shardeum/)) (accessed on 19 March 2025). * [PERSON] et al. (2024) [PERSON]; [PERSON]; [PERSON]; [PERSON]; [PERSON]; [PERSON]; [PERSON]; [PERSON]; [PERSON]; [PERSON]; et al. Sui lutris: A blockchain combining broadcast and consensus. In Proceedings of the 2024 on ACM SIGSAC Conference on Computer and Communications Security, Salt Lake City, UT, USA, 14-18 October 2024; pp. 2606-2620. * [PERSON] (2025) [PERSON]. Available online: [[https://www.cointranscend.com/sui-vs-aptos-which-blockchain-is-right-for-you/](https://www.cointranscend.com/sui-vs-aptos-which-blockchain-is-right-for-you/)]([https://www.cointranscend.com/sui-vs-aptos-which-blockchain-is-right-for-you/](https://www.cointranscend.com/sui-vs-aptos-which-blockchain-is-right-for-you/)) (accessed on 1 March 2025). * [PERSON] and [PERSON] (2022) [PERSON]; [PERSON] Can solana be the solution to the blockchain scalability problem? In Proceedings of the 2022 IEEE International Conference on Software Analysis, Evolution and Reengineering (SANER), Honolulu, HI, USA, 15-18 March 2022; IEEE: New York, NY, USA, 2022; pp. 1219-1226. * [PERSON] and [PERSON] (2021) [PERSON]; [PERSON] [PERSON] A Comprehensive Review of Blockchain Consensus Mechanisms. _IEEE Access_**2021**, 9, 43620-43652. [CrossRef]
* [PERSON] et al. (2024) [PERSON]; [PERSON]; [PERSON]; [PERSON] Sustainable Consensus Algorithms Applied to Blockchain: A Systematic Literature Review. _Sustainability_**2024**, 16, 10552. [CrossRef]
* EOS Block Creation Time (2025) EOS Block Creation Time. Available online: [[https://medium.com/coinmonks/get-started-with-eosio-blockchain-roadmap-cb4](https://medium.com/coinmonks/get-started-with-eosio-blockchain-roadmap-cb4)]([https://medium.com/coinmonks/get-started-with-eosio-blockchain-roadmap-cb4](https://medium.com/coinmonks/get-started-with-eosio-blockchain-roadmap-cb4)) 754626939 (accessed on 19 March 2025). * Avalanche Block Creation Time (2025) Avalanche Block Creation Time. Available online: [[https://dune.com/jacobdcastro/avg-block-times](https://dune.com/jacobdcastro/avg-block-times)]([https://dune.com/jacobdcastro/avg-block-times](https://dune.com/jacobdcastro/avg-block-times)) (accessed on 19 March 2025). * [PERSON] et al. (2016) [PERSON]; [PERSON]; [PERSON]; [PERSON]; [PERSON]; [PERSON] On the security and performance of proof of work blockchains. In Proceedings of the 2016 ACM SIGSAC Conference on Computer and Communications Security, Vienna, Austria, 24-28 October 2016; pp. 3-16. * Algorand Block Creation Time (2025) Algorand Block Creation Time.