## Materials
### Acquisition of Dataset  
#### 2.2.1 High-Resolution Satellite Image  
The KOMPSAT-2 and KOMPSAT-3 satellites, with payloads of optical imaging sensors, were employed to acquire high-resolution images. The sensors equipped on the satellites enabled the acquisition of one panchromatic (PAN) and four multispectral (MS) bands (Table 1). The KOMPSAT-2 Multispectral Camera's (MSC's) spatial resolutions were 1.0 m for the PAN and 4.0 m for the MS bands, and the KOMPSAT-3 Advanced Earth Imaging Sensor System's (AEISS's) spatial resolutions were 0.7 m for the PAN and 2.8 m for the MS bands, respectively.  
Figure 1: \(Cont\).  
Four images were successively acquired during 14-15 August 2014 (Table 2). From the time gap between the local mean time on ascending nodes of the satellites, the image acquisition times within a day were not identical, so the images acquired in a day from different satellites enabled them to be compared with each other.  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c} \hline  & **KOMPSAT-2** & **KOMPSAT-3** \\ \hline Date of launch & 28 July 2006 & 17 May 2012 \\ \hline Main payload & MSC (Multispectral Camera) & AEISS (Advanced Earth Imaging Sensor System) \\ \hline Orbit height & 685 km & 685 km \\ \hline Spatial resolution & 1.0 m Pan and 4.0 m MS & 0.7 m Pan and 2.8 m MS \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{Spectral bands} & 500–900 nm PAN & 450–900 nm PAN \\  & 450–520 nm MS1 (blue) & 450–520 nm MS1 (blue) \\ \cline{1-1}  & 520–600 nm MS2 (green) & 520–600 nm MS2 (green) \\ \cline{1-1}  & 630–690 nm MS3 (red) & 630–690 nm MS3 (red) \\ \cline{1-1}  & 760–900 nm MS4 (NIR) & 760–900 nm MS4 (NIR) \\ \hline Mean local time on ascending node & 10:50 h & 13:30 h \\ \hline Data quantization & 10 bit & 14 bit \\ \hline Swath width & 15 km & 16 km \\ \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}
Table 1: Specifications of the Korea Multi-Purpose Satelllite-2 (KOMPSAT-2) and Korea Multi-Purpose Satelllite-3 (KOMPSAT-3) satellites and imaging sensors [26; 27; 28].  
Figure 1: Overview of satellite image acquisition and ITP80 buoy deployment: (**a**) schematic placements of satellite images used to measure sea ice motion and deformation, and synoptic trajectory of the ITP80; and (**b**) a view of the ice floe where the ITP80 was deployed from the Korean icebreaker research vessel (IBRV) Araon, captured by the KOMPSAT-3 satellite on 11 August 2014.  
Sea ice conditions on 14 August 2014 around the study area were estimated in the range of 90-100% sea ice concentration (SIC) from the National Snow and Ice Data Center (NSIDC) (Figure 2). From visual inspection of the satellite images, most of the study area was identified as covered with multi-year ice floes. Between the ice floes, small parts of open oceans were exposed, and many melt ponds occupied the surface of the ice floes.  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c} \hline \hline
**ID** & **Satellite Image** & **Acquisition Date and Time (UTC)** \\ \hline A & KOMPSAT-2 MSC & 14 August 2014 18:36:55 \\ B & KOMPSAT-3 AEISS & 14 August 2014 20:34:50 \\ C & KOMPSAT-2 MSC & 15 August 2014 17:37:46 \\ D & KOMPSAT-3 AEISS & 15 August 2014 21:13:14 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}
Table 2: Details for satellite image acquisition.  
Figure 2: \(Cont\).