esa-sceva/satcom-chunk-collection huggingface dataset:
## 3 Results
### Survival and TME Analysis  
Figure S3 presents the results of the Kaplan-Meier survival analyses examining the impact of GPR97 expression levels on patient's survival in the following four cancer types: (A) LAML, (B) CHOL, (C) HNSC, and (D) PAAD. In LAML, the high GPR97 expression showed a trend toward lower survival, though this was not statistically significant (\(p=0.19\)). In CHOL, there was no significant survival difference between the high and low/medium expression groups (\(p=0.97\)). In HNSC, the higher GPR97 expression was associated with a near-significant reduction in survival probability (\(p=0.067\)), suggesting a possible but inconclusive impact. Lastly, in PAAD, GPR97 expression did not significantly affect survival outcomes (\(p=0.47\)). Overall, these findings suggest limited prognostic value for GPR97 expression across these cancers, with its potential role in HNSC requiring further investigation.  
Figure S4 illustrates the results of the TIMER analysis for ADGRG3 (GPR97) in (A) CHOL, (B) PAAD, and (C) HNSC, which examined immune infiltration correlations and survival impacts. In CHOL, GPR97 showed weak, non-significant correlations with immune cell infiltration, with the highest correlation with B cells (partial.cor = 0.053, \(p=0.761\)), and a mild, non-significant protective effect on survival (HR = 0.829). In PAAD, GPR97 significantly correlated with macrophages (partial.cor = 0.357, \(p=1.67\)\(\times\)\(10^{-6}\)) and neutrophils (partial.cor = 0.461, \(p=2.33\)\(\times\)\(10^{-10}\)), with high neutrophil infiltration linked to poor survival (HR = 5.78 \(\times\)\(10^{8}\), \(p=0.002\)), while its correlation with CD4+ T cells showed a  
Figure 5: Expression of GPR97 in PAAD based on (**A**) sample types, (**B**) individual cancer stages, (**C**) patients’ gender, and (**D**) patients’ age. GPR97 expression was significantly lower in primary tumor samples (\(n=178\)) compared to normal samples (\(n=4\)), and Stage 3 (\(n=4\)) cancer stages showed the highest expression, followed by normal tissues in PAAD. PAAD: pancreatic adenocarcinoma.  
protective effect (HR = 0.000, \(p\) = 0.015). In HNSC, GPR97 showed significant correlations with CD8+ T cells (partial.cor = 0.232, \(p\) = 3.37 \(\times\) 10\({}^{7}\)) and macrophages (partial.cor = 0.235, \(p\) = 1.67 \(\times\) 10\({}^{7}\)), indicating an active immune environment. The Cox model suggests a non-significant increase in risk with higher GPR97 expression (HR = 1.183, \(p\) = 0.106), but there is an overall significance in the likelihood ratio (\(p\) = 0.010) and log-rank tests (\(p\) = 0.0226). These results suggest ADGRG3's varied influence on immune infiltration and survival across these cancers.
# The Terpene Mini-Path, a New Promising Alternative for Ternpenoids Bio-Production
###### Abstract
At this point of reflection, the simplest way to access DMAPP and IPP with minimal structural modifications is to use dimethylallyl alcohol (DMAOH) and isopentenol (IOH), the two homologous alcohols of DMAPP and IPP, and perform a double phosphorylation. If a one- or two-step enzymatic phosphorylation access to DMAPP and IPP becomes available starting from DMAOH and IOH, then the paradigm of terpenoids' bio-production could be changed and give rise to a new and easy way to the industrial access of those outstanding chemicals. Indeed, if successful, the implementation of this new artificial pathway offers the possibility to decouple microbial growth (use of glucose or glycerol as carbon and energy sources) and terpenoid production (use of DMAOH and IOH as biosynthetic carbon), hence simplifying the process of optimization. In addition, the use of only one or two enzyme(s) to doubly phosphorylate DMAOH and IOH makes this artificial route usable both in vivo and in vitro due to its extreme simplicity. Best of all, DMAOH and IOH are both readily available bulk chemicals and can potentially be bio-sourced. The idea became true when four groups reported independently in 2019 [10; 11; 12; 13] the capacity of a two enzymes cascade to generate DMAPP and IPP from DMAOH and IOH in order to produce, either in vitro or in vivo, various terpenoids. These findings followed soon the initial demonstration that only one enzyme could also manage the double phosphorylation of both DMAOH and IOH [14; 15] but with a low yield. In the following, we will review the development of this new way of producing terpenoids, which we called the terpene mini-path (TMP), using only one or two enzymes either in vitro (purified enzymes, cell-free systems) or in vivo (microbial fermentations) to access DMAPP and IPP, and we will discuss the potential applications of this new artificial bio-access to terpenoids (Scheme 2).
## 2 Experimental Description
### Temperature Measurements  
The DSF was equipped with 34 thermocouples type T (copper--constantan) connected to two dataloggers INFOSTAR ISU-L2-C24M with 24 inputs each (Figure 4c), which automatically collected data with a scan rate of 15 min. Thus, 10 thermocouples were used to measure air temperatures and 24 for glass surface temperatures (Figure 4a,b).  
The type-T thermocouples for air temperature measurements were placed in three horizontal sections, located at different heights above the floor level (0.5 m, 1.20 m, and 2.15 m, respectively) and 0.5 m from the lateral cavity closures, Figure 5. The air temperatures at the inlet and the outlet of the channel were measured at two points, each with thermocouples of the same type. In addition, the temperatures of the glass surfaces were measured on both sides, towards the air channel and the interior room.  
Air temperature in the interior room was measured at 1.25 m from the interior glazing at a height of 1.20 m. To accurately measure the temperatures, the copper--constantan thermocouples were calibrated using the ice bath technique [20], Figure 6a,b.  
Figure 4: Type T thermocouples on DSF glass surfaces (**a**), thermo-hygrometer KIMO KTH 300 A KISTOCK (**b**), and Datalogger INFOSTAR ISU-L2-C24M (**c**).  
Figure 3: DSF ventilation modes according to the periods of experiments.  
In order to monitor the humidity inside the DSF channel, a thermo-hygrometer KIMO KTH 300A KISTOCK with KILOG software was placed at a height of 1.20 m from the bottom of the channel, Figure 4b.
## 4 Discussion
In this study, the 50% excess visits for sore spots in the two-implant MISODs compared with the four-implant MISODs would inevitably result in better OHRQoL scores for the latter group. On the other hand, the retentivity of the two-implant MISODs compared to the four-implant MISODs would likely lead to a comparable OHRQoL for both treatment options, especially in the long-term aftercare needs. Several studies have dealt with the OHQoL of patients treated by MISODs, and their findings are contradictory. [PERSON] et al. treated 30 patients with locator-retained mandibular overdentures [31]. Those authors randomly assigned one-half of the patients to begin with two-implant MISODs and were then switched to four-implant MISODs, and the other half to begin with four MISODs and switched to two MISODs. They measured subjective OHRQoL by having the participants fill in questionnaires, and the results revealed higher (\(p\) = 0.026) patient satisfaction when the four-implant MISODs were used. Similar findings of a better QoL in the four-bar-retained overdentures compared with two single-ball attachments were reported by [PERSON] et al. [37]. They further reported that patient satisfaction was not related to the number of implants nor to the type of attachment system. In contrast, in their research, [PERSON] et al. reported on two groups, each with 30 patients treated with either two intramobile cylinder (IMZ) implants and four IMZ implants in the dentulous mandible [23]. All of those patients were treated with bar-retained overdentures, and in both groups, satisfaction rates were quite identical. In a short-term prospective, randomized crossover clinical trial by [PERSON] et al. [27], 30 subjects received four interforaminal mandibular implants. Three different attachment types were delivered and/or fitted to the implants for each subject: four-implant bar, two-implant bar, and two-ball attachments. Each subject experienced all three attachment types for approximately 1 year. The two-ball attachment resulted in equivalent or more favorable treatment outcomes for most measured parameters compared with the two- and four-implant bar attachments. The four-implant bar treatment provided greater prosthesis retention than the other treatment types in that study, but after the experience with all three systems, most of the subjects chose the two-ball attachment as their favorable prosthesis at the conclusion of the investigation. A different preference was reported in another crossover study where patients wore both two-implant MISOD and four-implant MISOD and preferred the latter in an OHIP-14 questionnaire [38]. As in this research, all implants were separate, but unlike this study, two implants were positioned posterior to the interforaminal area, and all received locator attachments.
# Effects of Driving Frequency and Voltage on the Performances of Vibrating Mesh Nebulizers
## 1 Introduction  
Nebulizers of various types are commercially available, such as jet, ultrasonic, and mesh types, for the treatment of various respiratory diseases [1, 2, 3, 4]. Jet nebulizers can be used to aerosolize liquid, have simple constructions, and are trusted medical devices, but vibrate and are large and noisy. On the other hand, ultrasonic nebulizers are relatively quiet and smaller than jet nebulizer but involve heating liquids depending on operating frequency, which damages drugs [1]. Vibrating mesh nebulizers generate aerosols using a piezoelectric ceramic (Lead Zirconate Titanate, PZT) and mesh (Figure 1) and are portable, relatively quiet, and do not heat nebulizing solutions.  
Vibrating mesh nebulizers are composed of a piezoelectric ceramic with mesh mounted on one side, a reservoir, and a driving circuit. The piezoelectric material vibrates at high frequencies when driven at a specific frequency and voltage. In addition, nebulization characteristics (output rate and particle size) are affected by the physicochemical properties of solutions [5, 6]. Much research has been performed to enhance nebulization characteristics by optimizing mesh properties, such as mesh hole size, pitch, and hole number [7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13]. Recent research suggests a relationship exists between output rate and voltage at a fixed resonance frequency and that output rate increases with driving voltage [14, 15]. The piezoelectric element vibrates most at its resonant frequency [15, 16], and output ratespeak when the driving frequency is close to the resonance frequency of the piezoelectric ceramic [16]. However, actual resonance frequencies differ from the nominal resonance frequencies issued by manufacturers. The resonance frequency is dependent on impedance changes induced by temperature and pressure of the PZT and/or medium viscosity [17; 18; 19]. Automatic resonance frequency tuning (ARFT) was devised to find resonance frequencies automatically [20; 21]. Resonance frequencies can be determined by monitoring maximum driving current while changing driving frequency before driving the piezoelectric. Impedance matching (IM) is a method of reducing the impedance difference between the driving circuit and a PZT [22; 23; 24] and can improve energy transfer to a PZT and, thus, generate larger vibrations.  
In this paper, we sought to determine the effects of driving frequency and voltage on the output rate, particle size, and power consumption of a vibrating mesh nebulizer and investigated the impacts of the driving voltage, impedance matching, and automatic resonance frequency tuning using salbutamol and glycerol solutions.
# Recent Advances in Geographic Information System for Earth Sciences
###### Abstract  
Geographic Information System (GIS) is a computer-based technology and methodology for collecting, managing, analyzing, modeling, and presenting geospatial data for a wide range of applications. GIS plays a vital role in Earth sciences by providing a powerful means of observing the world and various tools for solving complex problems. The scientific community has used GIS to reveal fascinating details about the Earth and other planets.  
This special issue on recent advances in GIS for Earth sciences includes 12 publications from esteemed research groups worldwide. The research and review papers in this special issue belong to the following broad categories: Earth science informatics (geoinformatics), mining, hydrology, natural hazards, and society.
## 3 Results
### Evaluation of Control Simulations
The soil C:N ratios are significantly impacted by the vegetation type through the quality of the litter with the \(CN_{high}Root_{25}\) having a value of 50 and \(CN_{low}Root_{60}\) a value of 24. \(PFT_{complete}\) has a value of 29 which is very near the value prescribed in JULES for the biomass and hummus pools. Figure 1: Soil temperature in °C at (**a**) 15 cm depth and (**b**) 50 cm depth. (**c**) The monthly mean simulated thaw depth (m) alongside the observed annual mean maximum summer thaw depth and its uncertainties. (**d**) The time series of the snow depth with the available observations. The vertical profile of total inorganic nitrogen for \(CN_{low}Root_{60}\) shown in Figure 3 has much less inorganic nitrogen than \(CN_{high}Root_{25}\) with the peak amount nearer the surface of the soil. The shape of the \(PFT_{compete}\) profile is more similar to \(CN_{high}Root_{25}\). In all cases, the amount of inorganic nitrogen peaks around or just below the top of the permafrost table, which matches with observations, for example, as seen in [35]. Figure 4a(i),b(i) shows the seasonal cycle of the available inorganic nitrogen for \(Control\). As suggested by Figure 3 and by the fact that in \(CN_{high}Root_{25}\) the roots only go down to 25 cm, there is more available inorganic nitrogen in \(CN_{low}Root_{60}\). Interestingly, in the \(CN_{high}Root_{25}\)\(Control\) simulation, the available inorganic nitrogen gets used up very early during the growing season, and there is very little available later in the summer. Figure 2: **(a) Seasonal cycle of gross primary productivity (GPP) and (b) the profile of soil carbon simulated by the \(Control\) simulation for three configurations: \(CN_{high}Root_{25}\), \(CN_{low}Root_{60}\), and \(PFT_{compete}\). **  
Figure 4: Inorganic nitrogen available to plant species with (**a**) \(CN_{high}Root_{25}\) (shallow 25 cm roots) and (**b**) \(CN_{low}Root_{60}\) (deep 60 cm roots) throughout the year 2010 for the four different fertilisation simulations: (**i**) \(Control\), (**ii**) near-surface soil nitrogen fertilisation—\(N_{Near\_surface}^{+}\) (**iii**) fertilisation at the thaw front—\(N_{ThuteFront}^{+}\), and (**iv**) both near-surface and thaw-front fertilisation—\(N_{Both}^{+}\). Dashed lines indicate the maximum depths of the roots. Grey shading indicates the times and depth of the thawed soil. Figure 3: Vertical profile of inorganic nitrogen as a monthly average between 2007–2014 for \(Control\) and \(CN_{high}Root_{25}\) (25 cm rooting depth) and \(CN_{low}Root_{60}\) (60 cm rooting depth), and \(PFT_{complete}\). The mean maximum summer thaw depth is between 60 and 65 cm.
## 2 Materials and Methods
### Evaluation of Application Potential
#### 2.4.2 Film Production  
Based on the antioxidant activity and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the bioactive-rich extracts, as well as the nutritional profile of _Nannochloropsis_ sp. (notably its high lipid content), an alginate-based film was developed. This film incorporated bioactive-rich extracts from _Limnospira_ sp. and _Nannochloropsis_ sp., as well as a lipid-rich extract from _Nannochloropsis_ sp.  
The films were prepared using the casting method, adapted from the procedure described by [PERSON] et al. [37], with slight modifications. The composition of the film (designated as film B) included 3% (_w/v_) sodium alginate, 1% (_w/v_) zein, 0.25% (_w/v_) lipid-rich extract from _Nannochloropsis_ sp., 0.125% (_w/v_) bioactive-rich extract from _Nannochloropsis_ sp., and 0.125% (_w/v_) bioactive-rich extract from _Limnospira_ sp.  
Zein (Sigma-Aldrich Chemie GmbH, St. Louis, MO, USA) (1 g) was first dissolved in 20 mL of 85% ethanol and heated at 65 \(\pm\) 5 \({}^{\circ}\)C for 5 min. A separate solution was prepared by dissolving the lipid-rich extract (0.25 g), the _Nannochloropsis_-derived bioactive extract (0.125 g), and the _Limnospira_-derived bioactive extract (0.125 g) in 20 mL of 20% ethanol. This solution was added to the zein solution and stirred on a magnetic stirrer at 200 rpm for 5 min.  
Separately, 3 g of sodium alginate (Sigma-Aldrich Chemie GmbH, St. Louis, MO, USA) was dissolved in 60 mL of water and added to the combined solution. The resulting mixture was stirred manually with a glass rod until a gel-like consistency was achieved. The final film-forming suspension, containing sodium alginate, zein, and the three extracts, was heated to 50 \(\pm\) 5 \({}^{\circ}\)C for 5 min and mixed thoroughly.  
To form the films, 10 mL of the final solution was poured into plastic Petri dishes (10 cm diameter) to ensure uniform thickness. The films were then dried in an oven (Memmert GmbH, Schwabach, Germany) at 40 \({}^{\circ}\)C for 24 to 36 h. A control film (film A) was also prepared, consisting solely of 3% sodium alginate and 1% zein.
# Coupled Spatiotemporal Characterization of Monsoon Cloud Cover and Vegetation Phenology
## 1 Introduction
Gradations and abrupt transitions among regions are both clearly identifiable. Seasonal and interannual differences in monsoon timing and vegetation phenology within and among these regions are also visually evident and easily quantifiable.
## 5 Conclusions  
In this study, the dry turning process parameters (cutting speed, feed rate, tool rake angle, and contact friction coefficient) were investigated through Abaqus/Explicit numerical simulations and optimized with ANN models. The ANN predicted outcomes demonstrated that the designed intelligence models produced the reliable training data. Subsequently, training data were used to simulate the optimum cutting parameters. The maximum percentage errors between the ANN predicted and experimental results for the cutting reaction force and temperature are found to be 2.55 and 3.34, respectively. The small errors validate the conformance of ANN predictive models. The coefficients of regression for training, testing, and validation data showed a perfect linear relationship and closer to one. The performance curves and regression analysis of both models represent the consistency of the solution. The presented research demonstrates that an integrated ANN-FEM approach can be applied effectively to predict the reliable turning process parameters.  
[PERSON], [PERSON], [PERSON], and [PERSON] worked on the numerical modeling and cutting simulations. [PERSON] suggested the material behavior laws and performed the turning experiments. [PERSON] and [PERSON] worked on the Artificial Neural Networks and supervised the overall project. [PERSON], and [PERSON] compiled the results. The co-authors assisted in preparing the revised versions and proof-read the final manuscript.  
The authors declare no conflict of interest.  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c} \hline \hline  & \multicolumn{6}{c}{**Sample\_RF**} \\ \hline \(V\) & 200 & 400 & 800 & 200 & 400 & 800 \\ \(C\) & 0.4 & 0.4 & 0.4 & 0.3 & 0.3 & 0.3 \\ \(F\) & 0.1 & 0.1 & 0.1 & 0.1 & 0.1 & 0.1 \\ \(R\) & 17.5 & 17.5 & 17.5 & 17.5 & 17.5 & 17.5 \\ ANN\_Sim & 965.348 & 907.893 & 961.213 & 767.369 & 768.689 & 768.391 \\ Exp\_RF & 988 & 878 & 976 & 778 & 769 & 769 \\ \% _Error_ & 2.346511 & 3.292569 & 1.538411 & 1.385383 & 0.040445 & 0.079257 \\ \hline \multicolumn{6}{c}{**Sample\_T**} \\ \hline \(V\) & 200 & 400 & 800 & 200 & 400 & 800 \\ \(C\) & 0.4 & 0.4 & 0.4 & 0.3 & 0.3 & 0.3 \\ \(F\) & 0.1 & 0.1 & 0.1 & 0.1 & 0.1 & 0.1 \\ \(R\) & 17.5 & 17.5 & 17.5 & 17.5 & 17.5 & 17.5 \\ ANN\_Sim & 249.811 & 269.815 & 322.473 & 257.711 & 279.899 & 320.662 \\ \(T\) & 248 & 279 & 324 & 260 & 282 & 324 \\ \% _Error_ & 0.724869 & 3.404223 & 0.473621 & 0.888087 & 0.75052 & 1.041003 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}
Table 6: Comparisons of experimental [42] and ANN simulated results.  
Figure 7: Comparison of experimental [42] and ANN simulated results.
# Analytical Electromechanical Modeling of Nanoscale Flexoelectric Energy Harvesting
###### Abstract  
With the attention focused on harvesting energy from the ambient environment for nanoscale electronic devices, electromechanical coupling effects in materials have been studied for many potential applications. Flexoelectricity can be observed in all dielectric materials, coupling the strain gradients and polarization, and may lead to strong size-dependent effects at the nanoscale. This paper investigates the flexoelectric energy harvesting under the harmonic mechanical excitation, based on a model similar to the classical Euler-Bernoulli beam theory. The electric Gibbs free energy and the generalized Hamilton's variational principle for a flexoelectric body are used to derive the coupled governing equations for flexoelectric beams. The closed-form electromechanical expressions are obtained for the steady-state response to the harmonic mechanical excitation in the flexoelectric cantilever beams. The results show that the voltage output, power density, and mechanical vibration response exhibit significant scale effects at the nanoscale. Especially, the output power density for energy harvesting has an optimal value at an intrinsic length scale. This intrinsic length is proportional to the material flexoelectric coefficient. Moreover, it is found that the optimal load resistance for peak power density depends on the beam thickness at the small scale with a critical thickness. Our research indicates that flexoelectric energy harvesting could be a valid alternative to piezoelectric energy harvesting at micro- or nanoscales.  
flexoelectricity; variational principle; energy harvesting; frequency response function; distributed-parameter model +
Footnote †: journal: Applied