## 2 Moon Raw Material Surveying Strategy
### Metal Deposits  
The first type of deposits for which strategies for searching for prospective exploitation sites will be discussed are metal deposits on the Moon. According to current knowledge, the vast majority of metals on the Moon are located in Lunar Maria. However, their exploitation will be ineffective if their concentration is low. You should strive to find places with a limited area (operating depth) and a high concentration of metallic raw materials. In 2019, the world media reported sensational news about the detection [17] of a huge gravitational anomaly in the Lunar South Pole-Aitken Basin, with a length along the long axis of about 2000 km, which reaches up to 300 km deep into the Moon. This is an area of material with a density greater than the average density of matter on the Moon. The total mass of the anomaly is estimated at a minimum of 2.18 \(\times\) 10\({}^{18}\) kg. One likely explanation is that it contains the remains of a large metallic asteroid that hit the Moon billions of years ago. This would mean that there could be huge deposits of valuable metals worth tens or even hundreds of billions of dollars. Exploitation of such a deposit would probably require the construction of underground mines on the Moon, which is currently unlikely. It is more likely that space mining on the Moon in its initial phase will resemble surface mining rather than be based on large open-pit/underground mines, which would require gigantic investment outlays and prior precise geological reconnaissance on an industrial scale, including drilling numerous research wells. Hence, selecting the right places on the Moon for industrial metal exploration becomes even more important. Such places may impact craters. Asteroids are sometimes knocked out of their stable orbits into collision trajectories with other space objects, eventually crashing into their surfaces. If a \"free\" meteorite hits the Moon's surface, on average about 22% of the impactor's mass is located inside the crater created as a result of the impact. The size and shape of an impact crater depend on many factors including the speed of the impactor, the angle of impact, the mass of the impactor, as well as the type of ground on which the impact occurs. However, the most important factor is speed, which is related to the fact that the kinetic energy of the impactor is proportional to the square of its speed. An approximate relationship has been observed that in the case of meteorite falls, the size of the resulting crater is usually about 10 times larger than the diameter of the impactor, and in the case of comets, about 100 times larger, which results from the fact that comets, as a result of the degassing of their matter, obtain higher speed than classic meteorites. This allows us, based on the size of the craters on the Moon, to estimate the size of the meteorite that fell and how much material may be left behind in the crater. Of course, not every falling meteorite will contain valuable metals, especially since the most common asteroids in the Solar System are C-type asteroids (chondrite), which contain a relatively low content of metals compared to M-type asteroids (called \"metallic\"). However, one of the valuable raw materials that type C chondrites (called \"carbonaceous chondrites\") may contain carbon. There are plenty of impact craters on the Moon. The database [18] contains over 2 million craters. Of those craters, 1.3 million have diameters \(\geq\)1 km, approximately 83,000 are \(\geq\)5 km, and 6972 craters are \(\geq\)20 km. Two factors are important for the formation of resources in craters resulting from meteorite falls: what percentage of the impactor (whose fall formed the crater) will be thrown irreversibly into space and what concentration of individual raw materials the impactor has.