# The Architecture of an Agricultural Data Aggregation and Conversion Model for Smart Farming
## 2 Review
Device interfaces are defined in ISO (2015). Several brand-oriented agriculture software programs are on the market from individual manufacturers, offering data analysis. The most common are those developed by John Deere, Case, Claas, Fend, and others; however, only original data files are allowed for use in a specific software. The John Deere Operations Center platform is used for transferring data between support vehicles and implements through JDLink connectivity. Performance in the field is improved utilising boundaries, the guidance line tracking function, and field flag obstacles. John Deere Remote Display Access (RDA) allows an operator or farm manager to monitor machine performance data through the internet platform MyJohnDeere.com. Yield maps, as-applied maps, and prescription maps are compiled using software from Case IH AFS (Advanced Farming Systems, [[https://www.caseih.com/apac/en-int/products/advanced-farming-system/afs-system](https://www.caseih.com/apac/en-int/products/advanced-farming-system/afs-system)]([https://www.caseih.com/apac/en-int/products/advanced-farming-system/afs-system](https://www.caseih.com/apac/en-int/products/advanced-farming-system/afs-system)), accessed on 3 September 2023). This software also allows the user to prepare reports and import satellite images of the cultivated field. The software supports all major precision farming systems on the market, including Trimble, Ag Leader, and GreenStar. The software Farming 4.0 from system 365 FarmNet (solution by Claas) allows for task planning, field mapping, inventory management, and other functions and is available on a mobile device as well. Agrirouter, developed by Fend, is another brand-oriented software used for data transfer and processing, with additional options from the VarioDoc Pro documentation system. In general, a telematics function is available from most the manufacturers; however, this function is used for data transfer only, and specific smart farming tools are available only with original software. The NEXT Wayline Converter enables the conversion of data from one brand to another (hallenger, Massey Ferguson, Valtra, and Gleaner); however, a lack of compatibility between waylines and field boundaries is still relevant. Although the ISO 11783-10-based standardised agricultural machinery interfaces provide a wide range of data between an FMIS and the machinery, there are also some limitations [30]. The main aspects of using ISO standard 11783 in the context of data transfer are formulated in Table 1.  
One of the largest and most widespread organisations is _AgGateway_ (www.aggateway.org (accessed on 5 September 2023)), which offers open-format conversion tools [31]. This platform and its toolkit, also known as ADAPT (_Agricultural Data Application Programming Toolkit_), solves the problem of format diversity, not by offering a new farm management application capable of accepting all possible data file formats but by converting the different data formats into a common format compatible with conventional applications. Platforms such as ADAPT, AgHub, and AgroSense [32] address data synchronisation issues, but full data compatibility is not fully implemented. As data move in both directions between a farm management information system (FMIS) and the MICS, data re-encoding occurs [33]. The process becomes unwieldy and often technologically complicated as different systems change work tasks. The job planning information is converted into a standard XML file and transmitted to the job controller on the tractor (wirelessly or via external media). Based on the content of the received task, the controller sends a message to the implement and records this information as well. The collected information is sent back to the farm computer and converted again for further use.