# Mapping with Pleiades--End-to-End Workflow
## 5 Results
### Digital Surface Model Generation
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c c c} \hline \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**Model**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**Type**} & \multicolumn{4}{c}{**RMS Initial [m]**} & \multicolumn{4}{c}{**RMS Adjusted [m]**} \\  & & **E** & **N** & **H** & **L** & **E** & **N** & **H** & **L** \\ \hline
1-2 & GCP & 1.01 & 0.65 & 2.61 & 2.87 & 0.18 & 0.24 & 0.22 & 0.38 \\  & ICP & 0.96 & 0.77 & 2.87 & 3.12 & 0.34 & 0.38 & 0.28 & 0.62 \\ \hline
1-3 & GCP & 0.89 & 0.34 & 1.17 & 1.51 & 0.21 & 0.25 & 0.62 & 0.70 \\  & ICP & 0.82 & 0.40 & 1.41 & 1.68 & 0.36 & 0.50 & 1.00 & 1.17 \\ \hline
1-4 & GCP & 0.96 & 0.56 & 1.59 & 1.94 & 0.21 & 0.28 & 0.33 & 0.48 \\  & ICP & 0.90 & 0.65 & 1.95 & 2.24 & 0.41 & 0.41 & 0.63 & 0.85 \\ \hline
1-5 & GCP & 0.43 & 3.80 & 3.24 & 5.01 & 0.20 & 0.23 & 0.48 & 0.57 \\  & ICP & 0.62 & 3.92 & 3.73 & 5.45 & 0.40 & 0.41 & 0.62 & 0.85 \\ \hline
1-6 & GCP & 0.68 & 3.44 & 8.78 & 9.45 & 0.20 & 0.24 & 0.36 & 0.47 \\  & ICP & 0.68 & 3.51 & 8.93 & 9.62 & 0.38 & 0.45 & 0.33 & 0.68 \\ \hline
2-3 & GCP & 1.24 & 0.62 & 3.39 & 3.66 & 0.20 & 0.23 & 0.23 & 0.38 \\  & ICP & 1.15 & 0.71 & 3.79 & 4.02 & 0.42 & 0.35 & 0.46 & 0.72 \\ \hline
2-4 & GCP & 1.43 & 0.60 & 3.46 & 3.79 & 0.19 & 0.32 & 0.65 & 0.75 \\  & ICP & 1.33 & 0.62 & 3.89 & 4.16 & 0.49 & 0.36 & 0.69 & 0.92 \\ \hline
2-5 & GCP & 0.65 & 3.60 & 4.47 & 5.78 & 0.22 & 0.21 & 0.22 & 0.38 \\  & ICP & 0.90 & 3.66 & 4.00 & 5.50 & 0.47 & 0.37 & 0.41 & 0.72 \\ \hline
2-6 & GCP & 1.12 & 2.75 & 5.51 & 6.26 & 0.20 & 0.24 & 0.43 & 0.53 \\  & ICP & 1.07 & 2.88 & 5.57 & 6.36 & 0.48 & 0.43 & 0.42 & 0.77 \\ \hline
3-4 & GCP & 1.19 & 0.55 & 2.74 & 3.04 & 0.22 & 0.29 & 0.51 & 0.62 \\  & ICP & 1.11 & 0.62 & 3.12 & 3.36 & 0.41 & 0.39 & 0.43 & 0.71 \\ \hline
3-5 & GCP & 0.85 & 4.83 & 7.02 & 8.56 & 0.24 & 0.27 & 0.71 & 0.80 \\  & ICP & 0.79 & 4.91 & 7.47 & 8.97 & 0.32 & 0.38 & 0.87 & 1.00 \\ \hline
3-6 & GCP & 2.53 & 3.77 & 12.79 & 13.57 & 0.21 & 0.22 & 0.38 & 0.49 \\  & ICP & 2.40 & 3.80 & 12.82 & 13.58 & 0.38 & 0.44 & 0.41 & 0.71 \\ \hline
4-5 & GCP & 2.76 & 2.74 & 10.43 & 11.13 & 0.28 & 0.28 & 0.59 & 0.71 \\  & ICP & 2.92 & 2.81 & 9.80 & 10.61 & 0.41 & 0.38 & 0.66 & 0.86 \\ \hline
4-6 & GCP & 3.61 & 1.49 & 14.00 & 14.54 & 0.27 & 0.31 & 0.63 & 0.75 \\  & ICP & 3.38 & 1.68 & 13.64 & 14.15 & 0.62 & 0.49 & 0.94 & 1.23 \\ \hline
5-6 & GCP & 1.48 & 6.59 & 0.93 & 6.81 & 0.28 & 0.22 & 0.32 & 0.48 \\  & ICP & 1.63 & 6.57 & 1.13 & 6.86 & 0.31 & 0.37 & 0.40 & 0.62 \\ \hline all & GCP & 0.60 & 2.58 & 3.13 & 4.10 & 0.21 & 0.24 & 0.24 & 0.40 \\  & ICP & 0.62 & 2.52 & 3.35 & 4.24 & 0.41 & 0.40 & 0.31 & 0.57 \\  & both & 0.61 & 2.55 & 3.22 & 4.16 & 0.29 & 0.30 & 0.23 & 0.48 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 8: 3D RMS residuals using GCPs and ICPs for the Ljubljana test set given in meters. The adjustment is based on GCPs and evaluated on GCPs and ICPs. Values are given for East (E), North (N), Height (H) and their 3D Length (L). Next, for all test sites dense DSMs were extracted using the Pleiades data and the presented workflow. The following accuracy assessment is based on the protocol defined in Section 4.2.6. The evaluation is limited to the three prime test sites Innsbruck, Trento and Ljubljana. For image matching, the parameters as given in Table 10 are used for all experiments. The two sets describe the standard version and the more accurate version. The main differences are the cost functions and the search sizes of intermediate and final pyramid levels. Due to the search sizes, the accurate version is significantly slower and thus for some application the standard version is useful as well. In the given evaluation, the settings of the accurate version are used. The matching and initial DSM generation are performed with the original resolution of 0.5 m. The downsampling to 1.0 m GSD is then performed in the fusion process by using a kernel size of \(3\times 3\) pixel and a step size of 2 in East and North direction. This downsampling is done to allow a direct comparison to the LiDAR data which is also given with 1.0 m GSD.