## 4 Discussion
### Carbon Dioxide Fluxes and Phytomass
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Zone/Ecosystem** & \begin{tabular}{c} **Site** \\ **Description** \\ \end{tabular} & \
\begin{tabular}{c} **CO\({}_{2}\) flux, mgC m\({}^{-2}\) h\({}^{-1}\)** \\ \end{tabular} &
\begin{tabular}{c} **Component of** \\ **CO\({}_{2}\) Balance** \\ \end{tabular} & **Note** & **Reference** \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{Site 1  } & 118 & & & \\  & & 105–155 & & & \\ \cline{2-5}  & Site 2  & 170 & & & \\  & & 164–176 & & & mean & \\ \cline{2-5}  & Ridges & 151 & & min–max & [56] \\ \cline{2-5}  & & 138–184 & & & \\ \cline{2-5}  & Hollows & 92 & & & \\  & & 84–98 & & & \\ \cline{2-5}  & Ridges and & 131–149/\(-\)185—84 & & & \\ \cline{2-5}  & Windows & 51–99 & /\(-\)150—85 & & \\  & Swamps & 51–99 & /\(-\)115—46 & & & \\ \hline Middle taiga (West & Ridge & \(-21\)–\(11\) & & \\ Siberia)/oligotrophic bog & Hollow & \(-39\)—\(-\)11 & & NEE & min–max & [58] \\ \hline South taiga (West & & & & \\ Siberia)/oligotrophic bog & Ryam & \(78\pm 12\)—\(194\pm 96\) & & & \\ \hline Middle taiga (West & & & & \\ Siberia)/forest & Pine forest & 84/\(-\)120/\(-\)35 & & & \\ \hline Middle taiga (West & & & & \\ Siberia)/oligotrophic bog & & 38/\(-\)50/\(-\)7 & & & \\ \cline{2-5}  & Steppe (East & & & \\ \cline{2-5}  & Siberia)/steppe & & & & \\ \hline South tundra (East & & Southern and & & \\ \cline{2-5}  & & & & \\ \cline{2-5}  & & & & \\ \cline{2-5}  & & & & \\ \cline{2-5}  & & & & \\ \cline{2-5}  & & & & \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 2: Net ecosystem exchange, ecosystem respiration, and gross ecosystem exchange in bog ecosystems according to the literature data. Finally, the median net ecosystem exchange (NEE) varied from uptake at a rate of \(-54\) mgC m\({}^{-2}\) h\({}^{-1}\) at the Ridge site to emission at a rate of 158 mgC m\({}^{-2}\) h\({}^{-1}\) at the Tall ryam site, depending on which of the main components of the dioxide balance carbon (GEE or R\({}_{\rm eco}\)) was found to be prevalent. Earlier studies [58] showed a near-zero balance on ridges (\(-21\)-\(11\)) and absorption in hollows (\(-39\)--\(-11\)) based on the results of measurements during the growing seasons within several years of observations. According to our results, NEE in Ridge and S.hollow was biased more towards assimilation. We assume that in addition to the possible overestimation of GEE, as mentioned above, this may be because the measurements were carried out up to the peak of vegetation of plants (end of July) and during the rest of the summer in such ecosystems, a shift in the carbon dioxide balance towards CO\({}_{2}\) losses to the atmosphere [6; 58]. Bog ecosystems, along with forests, tundra and steppes, according to estimates by various authors [6; 9; 59; 60; 61], function as a sink of carbon dioxide with varying intensities: from \(-125\) mgC m\({}^{-2}\) h\({}^{-1}\) in temperate Sphagnum bog [66] and \(-106\) in the oligotrophic bogs of the middle t  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Zone/Ecosystem** & \begin{tabular}{c} **Site** \\ **Description** \\ \end{tabular}  & \begin{tabular}{c} **CO\({}_{2}\) flux, mgC m\({}^{-2}\) h\({}^{-1}\)** \\ **CO\({}_{2}\) Balance** \\ \end{tabular}  & \begin{tabular}{c} **Component of** \\ **Note** \\ **Reference** \\ \end{tabular}  \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{ \begin{tabular}{c} Temperate forest \\ (Poland)/mesotrophic \\ peatland \\ \end{tabular}  } & Site 1  & 161 \(\pm\) 127–376 \(\pm\) 107/\(-\)219 \(\pm\) 156 & \multirow{4}{*}{R\({}_{\rm eco}\)/NEE} & \multirow{4}{*}{mean \(\pm\) std} & [59] \\ \cline{2-3}  & Site 2  & 126 \(\pm\) 19–237 \(\pm\) 85/\(-\)142 \(\pm\) 108 & \multirow{4}{*}{R\({}_{\rm eco}\)/NEE} & \multirow{4}{*}{mean \(\pm\) std} & [59] \\ \cline{2-3}  & Site 3  & 127 \(\pm\) 59–187 \(\pm\) 57/\(-\)178 \(\pm\) 94 & & & \\ \cline{2-3}  & Site 4  & 136 \(\pm\) 44–267 \(\pm\) 95/\(-\)219 \(\pm\) 122 & & & \\ \hline Middle taiq (West Siberia): oligotrophic bog & Ridge-hollow complex & \(-49\)/\(-\)100/\(-\)106/\(-\)22 & NEE & \begin{tabular}{c} May/ \(\cdots\) \\ /August \\ \end{tabular}