# Energy Productivity Potential of Offshore Wind in Poland and Cooperation with Onshore Wind Farm
## 1 Introduction
### Literature Review  
[PERSON] and [PERSON] conducted research on the integration of wind energy in the power system to analyze to what extent the capacity installed in wind farms contributes to guaranteeing the coverage of the maximum demand for power and electricity in the national power grid [18; 19]. [PERSON] et al. introduced an effective intelligent framework for the optimal energy management for hybrid microgrids based on a proposed stochastic scheme [20]. [PERSON] et al. proposed a cumulative model for the spatiotemporal relationships between wind power variations and wind farm dispersion [21]. [PERSON] et al. conducted a review of the wind energy research and found it of great importance to carry out research to improve of the stability of offshore wind farm systems [22].  
The offshore energy sector in Poland will also benefit from the support mechanism, which includes the capacity market or RES auctions [7]. In that regard, [PERSON] et al. conducted an analysis of four types of capacity market units in Poland: existing, modernized, planned, and demand response, based on the results of the capacity auctions. Their research demonstrated that the capacity market did not incentivize investment in new generation units during the period under examination [23]. [PERSON] at al. presented a new method for using ERA5 weather data to model hourly wind generation for individual offshore wind farms [24]. [PERSON] et al. presented a comparison of data from four state-of-the-art re-analyses (MERRA2, ERA5, UERRA, NEWA) with LiDAR observations (for four locations in the Baltic Sea with wind profiles up to 300 m). In terms of overall wind performance, ERA5, UERRA and NEWA are similar, and the best choice depends on the application [25].  
Many offshore wind farms are planned in Poland; [PERSON] et al. analyzed the LCOH (Levelised Cost of Hydrogen), taking into account the geographic coordinates of 23 planned offshore wind farms in the Baltic Sea. A comparative analysis of the costs of hydrogen production from offshore and onshore wind farms in 2030 and 2050 was presented [26]. This paper expands on this issue. [PERSON] et al. conducted an analysis of geographical diversification for onshore winds in Poland [15]. This paper extends this theme.  
[PERSON] and [PERSON] analyzed the impact of wind generation on energy prices on the SPOT market [5], and [PERSON] et al. conducted a comparative analysis of generation forecasts from wind sources in diametrically different markets and for different wind conditions (Portugal and Poland), indicating the implications for market prices [27]. [PERSON] et al. presented a comprehensive overview of the recent advancements and obstacles in the Polish wind energy sector, along with the potential opportunities [28]. [PERSON] and [PERSON] evaluated the public policy instruments in Poland that govern the establishment of offshore wind farms. They identified, categorized, and evaluated many instruments using multi-criteria and multi-dimensional methods, highlighting their effect on the growth of offshore wind energy in Poland [29].  
Based on the above-mentioned articles, there is a lack of methodology assessment related to the influence of offshore wind on the national power system in the Baltic Sea, including Poland. Additionally, there have been no analyses conducted on how offshore wind energy can take part in stabilizing energy production in the power system, particularly with comparison to other renewable sources.  
The paper is structured as follows. Section 2 presents the materials and methods for real (onshore) and potential offshore wind energy production calculations. Section 3 focuses on the research results and discussion. Finally, Section 4 presents the conclusions of the research and analysis presented in the article.