## 3 Description of Comprehensive Techno-Economic (CTE) Model
### Signal Measurement Results for the Three Independent Mobile Telecom Operators  
The results of measurements of download data rate, upload data rate and signal latency for three independent mobile telecom operators will be shown. Measurements will be carried outdoors in the city center (approximately 1 km\({}^{2}\)) and within the largest shopping center in the city, which has three underground floors, a ground floor and four above-ground floors. Reference values for the potential evaluation for a first (universal) approach have already been defined in Appendix L. Reference values for a direct comparison (second approach) of three mobile operators will be the highest values of all samples for downloading and uploading, as well as the lowest value of all samples for the delay of signals. Tables 4 and 5 show these values. For the purposes of this paper, a short survey has been conducted among users. The question was asked: What do you need more for your business? The answers offered were DL speed and UL speed, both equally in terms of latency. The obtained results are shown in the Table 6 and will be used to define the F factor in the calculations of telecom potential for smart city services and to compare telecoms. Factors F for the direct comparison of mobile telecoms for customers will be \(\text{F}_{\text{DL}}=20/(20+15)=0.57\), \(\text{F}_{\text{UL}}=15/(20+15)=0.43\) and \(\text{F}_{\text{DEL}}=0\). These factors will be used for calculations of MDUA and MDMG items for telecom potential comparison. Measured outdoor signal samples (used for calculating the MDUA item) for all three mobile operators show significant instability, i.e., signal, especially in DL and UL items, varying significantly. Signal latency samples for all three mobile operators are stable, and we note that the Second Mobile Operator (SMO) shows the best characteristics and has the lowest average value. Although the First Mobile Operator (FMO) has the best results for DL and UL values, this operator must change approach in coverage due to the huge deviations of signal samples. This statement is especially noted for UL signal patterns. FMO needs to increase the signal gain through a certain redirection of antennas and build several new base station locations for better coverage among high buildings near city centers. Of course, more detailed analyses are needed for more precise guidelines. The SMO and the TMO have to build several new base station locations for gaining a better signal, increasing the access transmission speed towards almost all the base stations and in parallel through a certain redirection of antennas, to increase the signal gain. Appendix M shows all graphs for these statements and better understanding regarding the presented results. MDMG measured samples show several interesting conclusions. The measured samples were obtained by measuring in the largest sales center. On the underground floors, SMO and TMO had no signal and it was not possible to take samples while the samples for FMO had significantly high values and were stable. It is obvious that FMO has covered this area with several micro/pico base stations. SMO and TMO will have to cover these underground floors, as this represents a significant drawback for them. Average values for these operators were derived without these samples, but this was noted in the final analysis as a significant shortcoming. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c} \hline
**Items** & **Results of Survey** \\ \hline DL speed & 20\% \\ \hline UL speed & 15\% \\ \hline Both equal & 65\% \\ \hline Latency & 0\% \\ \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 6: Results of the surveys. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c} \hline \multicolumn{3}{c}{**Comparison of Mobile Telecom Operators—I**} & **Comparison of Mobile Telecom Operators—II** \\ \hline RefADD & 300 Mb/s & 134,22 Mb/s \\ \hline RefADU & 150 Mb/s & 42.41 Mb/s \\ \hline RefDEL & 10 ms & 40 ms \\ \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 4: Reference values for the MDUA item (Ref).