## 5 Conclusions  
The findings of this study highlight the positive impact of automation and the integration of the Internet of Vehicles (IoV) in Ro-Ro terminals, providing significant benefits in operational efficiency, sustainability, and safety. When comparing manual and automated systems, there is a notable improvement in vehicle processing capacity and in the optimization of waiting times, which translates into a more dynamic allocation of resources and greater user satisfaction. In addition, the reduction in operating costs and CO\({}_{2}\) emissions reinforces the potential of these technologies to meet environmental regulations and sustainability goals. On the other hand, the implementation of advanced tools such as IoV-based security monitoring, with connected sensors and cameras, allows real-time tracking of vehicle movement, automatic alerts on possible collisions, and remotely supervision of critical areas of the port. This contributes to a significant reduction in accidents, property damage, and associated costs, increasing operational safety at the terminals. Likewise, the use of predictive technology based on IoV offers the possibility of anticipating problems by analyzing historical and current data, facilitating the prediction of peak hours and the accurate estimation of loading times, thus optimizing the allocation of port resources and avoiding congestion before they occur. The results of this work support the need to prioritize automation in critical areas to maximize the impact on waiting times and emissions, establish quantified metrics to measure progress in sustainability, and justify investments to stakeholders through clear economic returns. This framework of action not only responds to the current demands of the logistics sector, but also positions Ro-Ro terminals as leaders in innovation, efficiency,and sustainability, ready to face the challenges of an increasingly interconnected and competitive global environment. This study demonstrates that the implementation of IoV and blockchain in Ro-Ro terminals not only significantly improves operational efficiency, but also contributes to environmental sustainability and cost reduction. Terminals that adopt these technologies can experience increases in vehicular flow of up to 70%, reductions in average waiting times of 2.56 min, and decreases in CO\({}_{2}\) emissions of 57.74 kg per hour, results that highlight their transformative potential. In addition, automation makes it possible to optimize the allocation of human resources, reducing dependence on direct labor and encouraging the transition to supervisory and technology management roles. These changes not only improve efficiency, but also prepare terminals for the future challenges of a more digitalized logistics environment. However, the joint implementation of IoV and blockchain faces significant barriers, such as high upfront costs and lack of interoperability. This work highlights the need for a strategic approach that combines investments in infrastructure, training, and common standards to ensure the success of these technologies in Ro-Ro terminals. Finally, this study not only provides a quantitative framework to assess the impact of IoV and blockchain, but also underscores the importance of continuing to investigate their integration in specific operational contexts. The adoption of these technologies is not only a competitive advantage, but a necessary step to respond to the demands for sustainability, efficiency, and transparency in global port logistics. For port managers, the results of this study offer a practical framework for prioritizing investments in advanced technologies. The focus on critical areas such as reducing waiting times and improving operational safety and sustainability makes it possible to economically justify these initiatives to stakeholders. In addition, the analysis of variability between terminals suggests that improvements should be tailored to the specific needs of each infrastructure, reinforcing the importance of customized strategies.