## 1 Introduction
However, this research is still in its infancy, and a few related studies have focused on the construction of an urban ecological resilience evaluation system, coupling and coordination measurements, or influencing factors [26; 27; 28]. Research on the coupling relationship between urbanization and the ecological environment has matured. However, there is a lack of research based on the resilience perspective to explore the interaction relationship between urbanization and ecological resilience. Internationally, some scholars have studied the interaction between urban ecological resilience and urbanization by analyzing changes in urban landscape patterns, while others have studied the coupling and coordinated relationship between the new type of urbanization evaluation system and urban ecological resilience. However, investigations in China have all concentrated on large urban agglomerations [29; 30]. Existing research in China focuses only on the coupling and coordination of urbanization development and the ecological resilience of the PRD urban agglomeration [26], the western province of Ningxia [27], the central city in the Yellow River region [28], and the Yangtze river delta urban agglomeration [31]. In general, research in China has neglected the coupling and coordinating relationship between urbanization and ecological resilience in arid region urban agglomerations. The UANST has the highest economic level and is the most densely populated and industrially concentrated area in Xinjiang, which is the main area of new urbanization and the strategic core area of economic development in Xinjiang in the future [32], with an urbanization rate of 68.63% in 2020. However, with rapid economic growth in recent years, the rapid spatial expansion of cities and towns has had a strong impact on the fragile ecological environment of cities and their surroundings, with obvious salt desertification at the edges of regional oases. With a large reduction in woodlands and glaciers, the contradiction between urbanization and the ecological environment has become increasingly prominent. It has become a constraint on the sustainable development of urban agglomerations [33]. Existing studies on the UANST have mainly focused on territorial spatial structure, economic linkages, and urban ecological niches [34; 35; 36], as well as land use shifts, the evolution of habitat quality, the identification of ecosystem service value, changes in air quality, the coupling coordination development of urbanization and the ecological environment, simulations of the environmental resource carrying capacity [37; 38; 39; 40; 41; 42], and urban agglomeration development strategies [32]. Although [PERSON] and [PERSON] studied the coupled and coordinated development of urbanization and the ecological environment in the urban agglomeration on the north slope of Tianshan Mountain, their evaluation of ecological environment quality focused on the atmospheric environment and used only five years of data, meaning it does not reflect the ecological environment quality of the urban agglomeration in a systematic and comprehensive manner and does not provide a better reference value for the urban agglomeration in the face of climate change, extreme disasters, and other future events or which measures to take to address them [38]. Overall, there is a lack of relevant studies on the interaction between urbanization and ecological resilience in the region. Therefore, this study first constructs a system to build an interactive coupling system of urbanization and ecological resilience and analyzes the coupling mechanism and change characteristics; after that, the temporal and spatial changes in urbanization and ecological resilience of UANST from 1990 to 2020 were assessed through the construction of an index system. Secondly, the coupling coordination degrees of the interactive coupling between urbanization and ecological resilience of the urban agglomerations are measured with the help of the physical coupling model, and the coupling types are classified.