## 2 The Need for AI in Power Systems over Traditional Techniques
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{l l l l} \hline \hline
**Traditional Technique** & **Role in Stability** & **Role in Protection** & **Role in Control** \\ \hline Power System Stabilizers (PSSs) & Enhancing dynamic stability by dampening power system oscillations & Improving protection response by stabilizing system conditions & Stabilizing system frequency and voltage during disturbances \\ \hline Load Shedding & Maintaining system stability by shedding load during critical conditions & Protecting the system from cascading failures by controlled load reduction & Controlling system load to prevent instability \\ \hline Under-Voltage Load & Preventing voltage collapse and maintaining stability by shedding (UVLS) & Enhancing protection by hardening voltage-related issues & Managing voltage levels to ensure stable operation \\ \hline Under-Frequency Load & Maintaining system frequency and stability by shedding load during low-frequency conditions & Protecting the system from frequency-related issues & Managing system frequency to prevent instability \\ \hline Power Flow Analysis & Assessing system stability by analyzing power flows through the network & Identifying protection needs by analyzing current and voltage profiles & Enhancing control by providing detailed power flow information \\ \hline Frequency Response & Maintaining system frequency stability by analyzing and responding to frequency deviations & Protecting the system from frequency-related disturbances & Controlling system frequency through real-time adjustments \\ \hline Reactive Power Compensation & Enhancing voltage stability by managing reactive power flows & Protecting the system from voltage instability & Controlling reactive power to maintain voltage levels \\ \hline Fault Analysis & Ensuring system stability by identifying and analyzing fault conditions & Enhancing protection by accurate fault detection and classification & Preparing control actions for fault conditions \\ \hline Relay Coordination & Ensuring coordinated operation of protection relays for system stability & Enhancing protection reliability by ensuring proper relay operation & Coordinating control actions to prevent system instability \\ \hline Transformer Tap Changer Control & Maintaining voltage stability by adjusting transformer tap settings & Enhancing protection by managing voltage levels through transformer adjustments & Controlling voltage levels to ensure stable operation \\ \hline Automatic Generation & Maintaining system frequency and power balance by adjusting generation levels & Protecting the system from imbalances by controlling generation units for stable operation \\ \hline Voltage Regulators & Maintaining voltage stability by regulating voltage levels at various points in the network & Enhancing protection by ensuring voltage levels remain within acceptable limits & Controlling voltage levels to prevent instability \\ \hline Synchronous Condensersers & Enhancing dynamic stability by providing reactive power support & Protecting the system from voltage instability by managing reactive power & Controlling reactive power for stable voltage levels \\ \hline Capacitor Banks & Enhancing voltage stability by providing reactive power support & Protecting the system from voltage sags and swells & Managing reactive power to maintain voltage levels \\ \hline Static VAR Compensators & Enhancing voltage stability by dynamically managing reactive power & Protecting the system from voltage-related issues & Controlling reactive power to maintain stable voltage levels \\ \hline Phasor Measurement & Enhancing system stability by providing real-time monitoring and analysis of system dynamics & Enhancing protection by providing accurate and timely system information & Improving control decisions by providing real-time system data \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 1: Cont.