## 1 Introduction  
Building information modeling (BIM) has been widely employed in construction sites because it can facilitate schedule adjustments and quantity take-offs and can be used to design alternative reviews using three-dimensional (3D) information models [1; 2; 3]. An increasing number of countries are mandating the application of BIM in large construction projects. Europe has seen a 32% increase in the number of projects applying BIM between 2012 and 2017 [4]. The use of BIM has recently become indispensable in railway projects, wherein information management, information sharing, and collaboration serve as essential elements; for example, in Qatar (Qatar Rail), Hong Kong (Mass Transit Railway), and China (China Railway BIM Alliance), large railway projects are underway [5; 6; 7]. It is first necessary to create models containing accurate and reliable information which is consistent with the basic BIM philosophy; thus, users of BIM can reap its benefits [8]. Reliable construction information and information management methodologies are necessary for the implementation of BIM in large projects, such as public infrastructure facilities, where several stakeholders are involved in each stage of the life cycle. Furthermore, the reliability of the data is an essential feature [8; 9]. However, BIM has been developed based on the floor-centered concept for buildings; therefore, it presents many limitations with respect to alignment-based structures, such as railways and roads [10]. The utilization of BIM is challenging in these contexts because the methodologies for creating 3D alignment-based component shapes have not yet been clearly established. Numerous researchers have attempted to represent alignment-based infrastructure facilities using BIM-based information models. [PERSON] [11] and [PERSON] et al. [12] proposed methods to represent the shapes of 3D alignment-based bridges using parametric modeling. [PERSON] et al. [13] created a model to represent 3D alignment-based roadways. Some BIM software companies, including Autodesk, have developed various BIM authoring tools (BATs) in the form of software to represent information models; however, implementing these tools for 3D alignment remains challenging because their functions are specialized toward describing buildings [10]. Alignment-centered modeling tools (AMTs) targeted at alignment-based design, such as Autodesk's Civil 3D and Bentley System's Power Rail Track, have been developed. However, AMTs cannot independently represent discontinuous structures, such as sleepers, because the software is oriented toward design parameters rather than 3D objects, and its shape-creation method focuses on continuous structures belonging to the alignment. To address these problems, constructing BIM systems using software specialized for the intended purpose is more effective than using a specific BIM software program, as suggested by [PERSON] et al. [14]. [PERSON], et al. [15] attempted to create a usable railway structure model by linking an AMT with a BAT; however, the model created using the AMT was not fully recognized by the BAT, and the semantic information of the structure could not be identified. This lack of interoperability between the BIM software and the difficulties of linkage between different data files makes the modeling process and the application of BIMs challenging for actual projects [16]. Therefore, efforts have been made to improve the information compatibility for data exchange through various methods [17; 18; 19; 20]. One method of securing interoperability is establishing data standards for BIM utilization [9]. ISO-TC59/SC13 industry foundation classes (IFC) [21], developed by the Model Support Group of buildingSMART International (bSI), is an object-oriented conceptual model that aims to secure interoperability through its open format.