## 3 Results and Discussion
### ZnO Nanoparticle Characterization Analysis
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c} \hline \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**No.**} & **RT** & **Feak Area** & **Compound Name** & **Molecular** & **Molecular** & **Compound** & **Bioactivity** \\  & **(min)** & **(\%)** & **(\%)** & **Formula** & **Weight (g/mol)** & **Nature** & **Influence** \\ \hline
1 & 7.16 & 0.24 & 2-[2-Amino-4-methoxyphenyl]benzimidazole & C\({}_{4}\)H\({}_{1}\)O\({}_{2}\) & 165.19 & Cyclic aliphatic ketone & Benzimidazole derivatives are anti-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory \\
2 & 8.26 & 21.51 & Indole, 3-(4-nitrophenylamino)- & C\({}_{4}\)H\({}_{1}\)N\({}_{5}\)O\({}_{2}\) & 253.26 & Heterocyclic organic compound & Its derivatives have anticancer effects [40] and antibacterial effects [39]. \\
3 & 12.86 & 0.17 &
\begin{tabular}{c} Nonanoic acid, methyl ester \\ (Methyl pellargionate) \\ \end{tabular} & C\({}_{4}\)H\({}_{3}\)O\({}_{2}\) & 172.26 & Fatty acid ester & An epitope, antifungal agent, antinemodal drug, and plant metabolite [41]. \\
4 & 14.611 & 1.76 & 3-Methyl-4-isopropylphenol & C\({}_{4}\)H\({}_{4}\)O & 150.22 & Alkylbenzene & Antimicrobial activity against \\
5 & 16.362 & 0.36 & \
\begin{tabular}{c} Propenone, 3-(2- \\ benzoxazolylthio)-1-phenyl-1-phenyl- \\ \end{tabular} & C\({}_{4}\)H\({}_{1}\)NO\({}_{5}\)S & 381.30 & Ketone & Ketone &
\begin{tabular}{c} _Streptavidin_ \\ \end{tabular} \\
6 & 19.103 & 3.06 & 2,4-Di-tert-butylphenol & C\({}_{4}\)H\({}_{2}\)O & 206.32 & Alkylbenzene & A toxic substance and an antioxidant agent [44] \\
7 & 19.463 & 0.10 & Tridecanoic acid, methyl ester & C\({}_{4}\)H\({}_{8}\)O\({}_{2}\) & 228.37 & Fatty acid ester & It has a anticenter activity against bacteria [45]. \\
8 & 20.751 & 0.18 & Diethyl Phthalate & C\({}_{2}\)H\({}_{4}\)O\({}_{4}\) & 222.24 & Phthalate ester &
\begin{tabular}{c} It is a neurotonic, teratogenic agent, endocrine disrupter, and harmful to the environment \\ \end{tabular} \\
9 & 24.59 & 4.60 & 1-Nonadecene & C\({}_{5}\)H\({}_{8}\) & 266.5 & Alkene & A bacterial and plant metabolite [47]. \\
10 & 26.89 & 0.99 & \
\begin{tabular}{c} Benzenpropanoic acid, 3-5 bis(1,1-dimethylylethyl)-4-hydroxy-methyl ester (Methyl - Dir-4-butyl) \\ \end{tabular} & C\({}_{4}\)H\({}_{2}\)NO\({}_{5}\)O\({}_{2}\) & 292.4 &
\begin{tabular}{c} Phenolic acid \\ ester \\ \end{tabular} & Its derivatives have antioxidant activities [48]. \\
11 & 29.60 & 1.50 &
\begin{tabular}{c} hydroxyhydrocinnamate \\ 92,12Z,15Z-Octadecatrien-1-ol \\ \end{tabular} & C\({}_{5}\)H\({}_{2}\)NO & 264.4 & Fatty alcohol & An antibacterial agent [49]. \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 1: Chemical compounds of _L. pubscscents_ methanol shoot extract detected by GC-MS.  
FT-IR analysis was used to determine the organic functional groups that are involved in ZnO-NP biosynthesis (Figure S5). The LPME had a wider band at 3418 cm\({}^{-1}\), which was assigned to the O-H stretching vibration of the water, carboxylic acids, and phenolic compounds. The peak appeared at higher wavelengths of 3435 and 3339 cm\({}^{-1}\) in the 50 and 100 mg LP-ZnO NPs, respectively. This redshift of the band could be due to the interaction of the O-H groups with Zn ions to form nanoparticles [53]. In the IR spectra of the LPME and LP-ZnO NPs, the bands at 2922-2939 cm\({}^{-1}\) and 2852-2859 cm\({}^{-1}\) conformed to the methylene groups' symmetric and asymmetric stretching vibrations, respectively [54]. The peaks at 1449-1521 cm\({}^{-1}\) in the LPME were related to amide II [55], and they were redshifted after the synthesis of the ZnO nanoparticles. The IR bands at 1382-1394 cm\({}^{-1}\) were related to the C=C stretching of the aromatic amines of the LPME and LP-ZnO NPs. The band related to the C=C stretching of the aromatic amines was blueshifted in the ZnO nanoparticles [21]. In the LPME, the carboxylic-group stretching was reflected by the band at 1597 cm\({}^{-1}\), which was redshifted to 1618-1627 cm\({}^{-1}\) after the LP-ZnO-NP synthesis [56].