# Kinematic and Dynamic Response of a Novel Engine Mechanism Design Driven by an Oscillation Arm
## 3 Conclusions  
This review paper aimed to provide a comprehensive overview and a summary of results obtained for a novel solution of a mechanism used for an engine with variable compression ratio compared to a classical mechanism. The overall results were obtained from Multi-Body Simulation technique (MBS) and based on them; it was intended to evaluate kinematic and dynamic parameters from both mechanisms using the considered scenarios. The analytical approaches that are commonly used in the multi-body systems, such as equilibrium equations written only on one body from overall assembly, are reviewed thoroughly. In particular, the paper elaborated on the efficient modifications that can be applied or adopted to a classical engine mechanism. These modifications were applied through synthesizing a novel mechanism using a new configuration of the bodies in assembly thru implementation an oscillation arm between crankshaft and con-rod. Furthermore, possibility to change some kinematic and dynamic parameters from mechanisms through change in the position of the pivot point of oscillation arm was another important novelty. The most important conclusions reached from the literature review are:  
* From a kinematic point of view, an increase of 25% was obtained for piston stroke on the novelty design mechanism compared to the classical one. This increase is due to the oscillating arm included in the configuration of the mechanism between the crankshaft and con-rod. * Furthermore, the velocity and acceleration of the piston for the novelty mechanism have a similar percent of increase with respect to the piston stroke obtained with a classic mechanism. * The percentage increase of the kinematic parameters also led to the increase of the internal dynamic loads in the mechanism. For example, in the novel mechanism, on the big end of a con-rod, a maximum value of the resulting dynamic load greater than 8% compared to the classical mechanism was obtained. * The dynamic loading reduced to the lever of crankshaft will induce an increase of the torque and also an increase of power. According to the simulations, a major percent of 40% is obtained for the novel mechanism compared to the classic one. * Finally, the lithic power calculated in terms of kinematic and dynamic parameters has a 20% increasing obtain for the novel mechanism comparison to the classic one. Beside the advantageous highlights based on kinematic and dynamic analysis, it can be concluded that from constructive and functional viewpoints, considering the parameters determined from virtual simulation, the engine design with an oscillating arm provides a great advantage in comparison with conventional engine, considering that most parameters obtained from the analyses are accomplished. The mechanism design solution with an oscillating arm can be adopted for most internal combustion engines with two or four-cycle engines, and for any type of engine dimensions. Variable Compression Ratio (VCR) technology offers the largest potential improvement in part-throttle fuel efficiency and CO\({}_{2}\) emissions when compared to other competing technologies. Furthermore, VCR technology can offer torque enhancement at low rpm when any boost or auxiliary systems are least effective. A possible obstacle to adoption a VCR solution could be the incompatibility with major components from current production and difficulties of combining VCR and non-VCR manufacturing within existing plants. As environmental pressure on the automobile increases and investment plans for new products are put in place, the justification for VCR will become more evident. Taking into account that large numbers of combustion engines are made every year, the VCR engine with an oscillating arm can represent a very good solution for novel engine design. Data curation, C.I. ; Formal analysis, M.-LS. ; Project administration, C.I.P. ; Writing--original draft, R.M. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript. **Funding:** This research received no external funding.