# A Novel Efficient Borehole Cleaning Model for Optimizing Drilling Performance in Real Time
## 6 Conclusions  
In this study, a novel automated TI\({}_{\text{m}}\) model, which proved its potential as a real-time indicator of optimization of the borehole cleaning performance to achieve optimum drilling performance was developed. The TI\({}_{\text{m}}\) has several factors that were considered and applied in different drilling scenarios, which can additionally contribute to the improvement of the rig performance while running casing, minimizing wiper trips, minimizing pumped sweeps, and reducing reaming trips in most drilling scenarios. The TI\({}_{\text{m}}\) model takes into consideration the drilling fluid density, slipping velocity of cuttings, drilling fluid rheology, cuttings rise velocity, annular mud velocity, well inclination, and lifting capacity factor. Several aspects of the TI\({}_{\text{m}}\) model can be summarized as follows:  
1. The modified TI\({}_{\text{m}}\) model presented introduces novel approaches to consider the mud weight (MW) in both static and dynamic conditions (ECD) and accounts for various factors, including hydraulic velocities, rheological properties of drilling fluids (considering low shear yield point and a novel model for k and n factors considering taking into account CCA\({}_{\text{m}}\)), flow regime, cuttings properties, and equivalent circulating density. Additionally, in this paper, two novel models were developed: a model for calculating the modified angle factor through interpolation at any borehole angle and a novel model for the rheology factor (RF). Overall, the modified TI\({}_{\text{m}}\) provides a comprehensive and improved approach for evaluating and automating borehole cleaning conditions to enhance drilling efficiency. Figure 14: The automated process of using field data to evaluate the status of hole cleaning using TI\({}_{\text{m}}\) for optimizing the drilling performance efficiency. 2. The TI\({}_{\rm m}\) model performed well in all drilling fluid types and different types of profile wells, providing accurate real-time information. The evaluation of the TI\({}_{\rm m}\) model based on drilling fluid parameters and well profiles provides important insights into its effectiveness in various drilling conditions, enabling drilling operators to make informed decisions about the use of TI\({}_{\rm m}\) in different drilling operations to optimize borehole cleaning. More importantly, the novel model can determine the optimum values of parameters, including the hydraulic, mechanical, and drilling fluid parameters. 3. By implementing the novel TI\({}_{\rm m}\) model, the ROP in Well-A improved by a noteworthy 56% compared to Well-B. This improvement in ROP can be credited to the successful removal of cuttings from the borehole achieved through the application of the TI\({}_{\rm m}\) model. Moreover, the torque in Well-A was reduced by 44%, indicating that the drilling operations in Well-A were more successful and efficient than those in Well-B. 4. These results highlight the potential benefits of using advanced novel models such as the TI\({}_{\rm m}\) model to optimize the drilling performance and improve its efficiency and effectiveness. By achieving better borehole cleaning, drilling operators can improve ROP, reduce torque, and prevent costly issues such as stuck pipes. Conceptualization, M.A.-R., M.A.-S., D.A.-S., A.A. and K.M.M. ; methodology, M.A.-R., M.A.-S., D.A.-S., A.A. and K.M.M. ; validation, M.A.-R., M.A.-S., D.A.-S., A.A. and K.M.M. ; formal analysis, M.A.-R., M.A.-S., D.A.-S., A.A. and K.M.M. ; investigation, M.A.-R., M.A.-S., D.A.-S., A.A. and K.M.M. ; resources, M.A.-R., M.A.-S., D.A.-S., A.A. and K.M.M. ; data curation, M.A.-R., M.A.-S., D.A.-S., A.A. and K.M.M. ; writing--original draft preparation, M.A.-R., M.A.-S., D.A.-S., A.A. and K.M.M. ; writing--review and editing, M.A.-R., M.A.-S., D.A.-S., A.A. and K.M.M. ; visualization, M.A.-R., M.A.-S., D.A.-S., A.A. and K.M.M. ; supervision, D.A.-S., A.A. and K.M.M.M. ; project administration, D.A.-S., A.A. and K.M.M. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.