# Durability Assessment of Eco-Friendly Bricks Containing
###### Abstract
It was observed from the results that the concrete mix comprising 30% replacement of WFS (M4) resulted in the samples having peak compressive strengths when compared to other mixes, including the control sample (M1). It was also noted that the strength increase trend of all of the samples containing WFS (M2-M5) was similar to that of the control concrete (M1). The similarity in the trends observed could have been because of the existence of the fine particles in the WFS, which acted as an excellent packing material and eventually resulted in the production of a denser concrete mix [20]. Similar improvements were observed in the flexural strength and splitting tensile test results. It was thus concluded from their research that WFS is a suitable candidate for the partial replacement of natural sand in making concrete, at an optimal substitution of 30%. In another study by [PERSON] et al. [30], the effects of coated and uncoated rubber on the flexural behavior of reinforced concrete (RC) beams were investigated. This research was carried out to conserve the naturally occurring fine sand and divert the waste rubber from ending up in landfills. In their study, crumb rubber replaced natural fine sand in varying proportions of 5, 10, and 20% by volume. The bond between the crumb rubber particles and the concrete mix needed to be improved; to achieve this, slurries from fly ash and OPC were used as coatings for the crumb rubber particles. The results showed that the samples' compressive strengths improved by an average of 8.5% and 17.5% for the mixes produced from crumb rubber particles coated with OPC and fly ash slurries, respectively. Furthermore, the beams produced with fly-ash-coated crumb rubber exhibited the highest flexural capacities among all of the steel RC beams. MIP, which is used to analyze pore size distribution in samples, has been widely used and recommended as an effective method of examining pore sizes within the structure of concrete and mortar materials [31], as well as for understanding the engineering properties of soils [32]. [PERSON] et al. [33] measured the permeability and mercury intrusion of clay soils found in Louisville and concluded that the permeability of the soil could not be predicted exclusively by using data from pore size distribution alone, because other factors contributed to the controlled flow through a porous medium. [PERSON] and [PERSON] [34] used a combination of MIP and SEM test results to discuss the microstructure of remolded and undisturbed delicate Champlain clay from St. Marcel. It was suggested in the study that inter-aggregate and intra-aggregate porosity regimes existed in the remolded specimens when compared to the undisturbed samples. The authors further reported that a collapse of the soil's inter-aggregate pores was observed due to the consolidation of the clay soil, while the intra-aggregate pores remained almost intact. [PERSON] [31] presented tips on the pore size measurement of cement concrete and mortars using MIP. The research reported factors and controls that should be in place for successful acquisition of MIP data. Furthermore, it was reported that MIP is a valuable test when performing comparative assessments of the pore refinements that occur within a given system or sample, as well as when working out horizontal comparisons of various systems [35]. Additionally, parameters determined from MIP tests are useful for the establishment of property-microstructure relations which can be both statistically and physically meaningful [36; 37]. In summary, this study utilized industrial waste (LKD and GGBFS) in combination with TRW for brick production to address the prevalent challenges identified by the studies highlighted above. The production of these novel bricks will achieve three aims: Firstly, this study will address the concerns surrounding the increasing amount of CO2 associated with the production and use of OPC, by fully replacing OPC with LKD and GGBFS wastes.