# A Novel Efficient Borehole Cleaning Model for Optimizing Drilling Performance in Real Time
## 4 Results and Discussion
### Field Applications Using the Novel Model \(\text{TI}_{\text{m}}\)  
Figure 10 presents a detailed flow chart outlining the real-time estimation process of the \(\text{TI}_{\text{m}}\) model in field applications. This involves the utilisation of input data from various sources, including monitoring operation, surface data, and operation report data. The flow chart highlights the crucial steps involved in calculating the parameters required to obtain the \(\text{TI}_{\text{m}}\) model, which can be used to make informed decisions about well operations performance for borehole cleaning conditions. To evaluate the \(\text{TI}_{\text{m}}\) model's efficacy, three  
Figure 8: The performance of \(\text{TI}_{\text{m}}\) in relation to three key parameters: (**a**) \(\text{MW}_{\text{eff}}\), (**b**) ECD, and (**c**) modified \(\text{LC}_{\text{m}}\). wells were selected for analysis: Well-A, which had a proper borehole cleaning, Well-B, which had poor borehole cleaning, and Well-C, which experienced a stuck pipe accident. The performance of the TI\({}_{\rm m}\) model was assessed in each of these wells, and the results were analysed to determine the model's practical significance in real-time operations. Finally, the study's findings emphasize the importance of using the TI\({}_{\rm m}\) model in real-time well operations to enhance borehole cleaning. Figure 10: Flowchart to estimate the novel TI\({}_{\rm m}\) model in real time. Figure 9: The performance of TI\({}_{\rm m}\) in relation to three key parameters: (**a**) LSYP, (**b**) LSYP/YP, (**c**) modified n\({}_{\rm em}\), and (**d**) modified k\({}_{\rm em}\). First, this study includes two case studies, Well-A and Well-B, in which TIm was utilized during drilling to optimize borehole cleaning. Figure 11a,b display the changes in TIm values for both wells. In Well-A, TIm values were consistently above 3.5 during drilling at depths of X3000 to X3120, indicating proper borehole cleaning with no accumulation of cuttings. The crew did not observe any other indications of cutting accumulation. However, at depths of X3120 to X4000 ft, the TIm values began to decrease, indicating a decrease in borehole cleaning efficiency (see Figure 11a). In contrast, Figure 11b shows that in Well-B, TIm values were above 1 during drilling at depths of X3000 to X3450 ft, indicating clean borehole conditions without the accumulation of cutting. However, at depths of X3450 to X4000 ft, the TIm values were less than 1, and the crew observed indications of cuttings accumulation. The TIm values in Well-B were consistently lower than those in Well-A and continued to decrease from 1.3 to less than 0.6 at depths of X3000 to X4000 ft. The case studies demonstrate the effectiveness of the novel TIm model in optimizing borehole cleaning during drilling operations. By monitoring TIm values in real-time, drilling operators can quickly identify areas of poor borehole cleaning and take corrective action to improve its efficiency and effectiveness. Figure 12 provides important insights into the drilling performance of Well-A and Well-B while utilizing the novel TIm. Figure 11: Application of TIm in offshore Well-A with proper borehole cleaning (**a**) and Well-B with poor borehole cleaning (**b**). As shown in Figure 12a, the WOB values were consistently lower in Well-A than in Well-B. The average WOB value in Well-A was 24.5 klbs, compared to 30 klbs in Well-B. This resulted in less WOB, ultimately leading to a reduction in the need for bit replacements and ultimately resulting in cost savings for drilling operations. Furthermore, Figure 12b indicates that the average SPP was 2411 psi for Well-A and 2740 psi for Well-B. The  
Figure 12: The changes in drilling parameters for Well-A with proper borehole cleaning and Well-B with poor borehole cleaning: (**a**) WOB, (**b**) SPP, (**c**) TRQ, and (**d**) ROP. increase in SPP in Well-B can be attributed to poor borehole cleaning, which can lead to an accumulation of cuttings and an increase in the resistance to flow.