## 6 Discussion and Conclusions
### Research Limitations and Future Directions  
The study was conducted among a student population. Accordingly, the findings of this study may be generalized to a broader group of web users, as with most studies that involve student participants. However, it is important to point out that student samples are representative and appropriate for the data journalism community in general. Furthermore, the majority of respondents in this sample indicated themselves as experienced Internet users. Many of the students had some experience and understanding of news and graphics due to the relevance of their majors. And, in addition to the benefits of interactivity, previous research has also shown that the use of news with large amounts of data and visualizations with higher levels of interactivity may place a higher cognitive load on the casual user. Using (interactive) visualizations and processing news articles containing many data requires a higher level of numerical proficiency ([PERSON] et al., 2016). Otherwise, their understanding of articles and enjoyment of reading may be limited, and they may experience cognitive overload as a result ([PERSON] et al., 2016; [PERSON] et al., 2016; [PERSON] et al., 2016). Thus, in future studies, this should also be extended to a broader group of participants. Although many previous studies have suggested that the effect of interaction on attitudes is mediated by perceived interactivity, perceived interactivity may play a mediating role in influencing the effect of actual interactivity on attitudes ([PERSON] et al., 2016; [PERSON] et al., 2016). We did not test the effect between actual and perceived interactivity in the research model directly. But the results of ANOVA indicated that, in the experimental group with higher levels of interaction, users' perceptions of interactivity and attitudes were significantly higher compared to the experimental group with medium and low levels of interaction. In future research, it would be worthwhile to incorporate actual interactivity into this model. It is necessary to take a more holistic view to analyze the effects and correlations between these structures in data news and visualization. A piece of data journalism on an environmental topic was chosen as the basis for experimental manipulation to provide users with controlled conditions. We redesigned the news item for three different levels of interaction while ensuring the experiment was as least intrusive as possible. We extracted only a portion of the article and included only one map visualization, but, in a strict sense, there is limited space for interaction with this experimental material. In future research, experiments can be conducted with materials with higher interaction potential, such as considering the dimensions of user and user interactivity or Person interactivity. In addition, the data set is not rich enough. The ANOVA reveals no significant differences between the experimental groups in terms of engagement and enjoyment, so we speculate that this may also be a contributing factor. Additional studies could test whether the model could be further validated with more complex data, greater interaction potential, and a richer media environment. In summary, this study aimed to examine users' perceptions in the context of data journalism. Based on these findings, it can be concluded that interactivity plays an important role in positively affecting the enjoyment, involvement, and attitude of users. In light of the fact that data visualization is becoming more widely used in various fields and is no longer restricted to a small group of experts, it is necessary to obtain a more comprehensive and in-depth understanding of users' perceptions and attitudes. As interaction technologies develop and research continues, leveraging interactions may result in a more engaging and enjoyable reading experience for users, improving their engagement and retention in data journalism. Conceptualization, B.Z. and Y.P. ; methodology, B.Z. and Y.P. ; software, B.Z. and Y.Z. ; validation, B.Z. and Y.Z.