## 2 Methods and Experiments
### Experiments  
The experiments were conducted at Tsinghua University, and the participants in the experiment were all students of the university. There were 12 people invited to participate in the experiment, including 6 males and 6 females. All participants had normal or corrected-to-normal visual acuity.  
The experimental scene was an open rectangular area of 6 m \(\times\) 15 m. There were two exits, left and right, on one side of the space, which were recorded as exit A (left) and exit B (right). The width of the two exits was 0.84 m and the interval was 5.4 m. In the experiment, the distance between the participant and the two exits was varied by setting different initial positions. There were seven different initial positions in this study, corresponding to seven different distance scales, as shown in Figure 2. \(L_{A}\) and \(L_{B}\) in the figure represent the distance from the initial position to exit A and exit B, respectively. To study the influencing factors of pedestrians making exit decisions, three kinds of working cases were designed and carried  
Figure 1: Buildings and models of the experimental sites, they should be listed as: (**a**) Real scene; (**b**) 3–D Model; (**c**) Virtual pedestrians.  
out, focusing on the distance preference and exit number preference of pedestrians when making exit choices.  
Case 1--There were six kinds of distance test conditions. The starting positions were marked in Figure 2, named with P\({}_{1}\) to P\({}_{6}\). The ratio of the distance from the starting point to the two gates, namely the value of \(L_{A}\)/\(L_{B}\), is between 0.83 to 1.60. Additionally, to avoid the influence of the number of virtual pedestrians at the exit on the participant's exit decision, the number of those at the two exits in this group of experiments was fixed at 5.  
Case 2--The initial position of the pedestrian was fixed at the position P\({}_{7}\), which was the same distance from the two exits. In the nine groups of experiments, the number of people at exit A increased sequentially from 1 to 9, while the number of people at exit B decreased from 9 to 1.  
Case 3--To study the interaction influence of the two factors on pedestrian exit decision-making, the tests with varied exit distances and exit pedestrian numbers were designed. The ratio of \(L_{A}\)/\(L_{B}\) varied from 1.0 to 1.6. The total number of pedestrians at the two exits was 10, and the ratio of the number between exit A and exit B was 1:9, 1:4, 3:7, 2:3, and 1:1, respectively. As a result, 20 kinds (4 distance \(\times\) 5 number) of tests were carried out.  
Before the start of the experiments, the participants would be introduced to the background and purpose of the experiment. At the same time, participants would learn how to use the HoloLens according to the previously written guide and then perform visual calibration. The participants first needed to visually observe the AR identification code, then operate the software to fix the virtual coordinates, ensuring that the coordinates of the virtual space and the display space were coincident. In addition, a demonstration experiment was conducted to make sure the experiment participants were familiarized with the experimental scene and the virtual human in case disturbing emotions affected the experimental results.  
In the formal experiment, the researcher would utilize experimental assistant software to facilitate the administration of tests. The tests would be randomly assigned to participants until all experimental procedures are completed. Participants would receive clear instructions to promptly evacuate the room upon hearing the simulated fire alarm. Specifi  
Figure 2: Experimenter’s initial positioning map.  
cally, the experiment would feature two indistinguishable exits positioned in front of the participants, and ten virtual human avatars would also partake in the evacuation process.