## 4 The Proposed Method: SLP-E
### Protocol Execution Phase
#### 4.2.2 Scenario-2
Given that SLP-E's primary goal is to provide increased privacy in conjunction with the NLT, and given that SLP-E employs the random walk routing technique, it is imperative to offer a more randomized path for a packet to travel from the source node to the base station. In order to make routing path more random and diverse enough to enhance the privacy, the source node must send a significant number of packets to the BS before the adversary locates it, and each packet should visit a significant number of nodes before reaching the BS. Enhancing the randomness and diversity of the routing path in SLP-E improves privacy but results in higher energy consumption when compared to alternative routing protocols that offer lower levels of privacy and randomization. However, even with those other protocols, energy usage is high in comparison to their degree of privacy. The advantage of

\[H_{11}=\frac{\frac{2R}{3}-d}{r_{s}\times p_{r}},\]1 Entropy. SLP-E is that, despite using the most energy, practically every network node participates in routing various packets to the base station (BS), which improves NLT. This is in contrast to the other approaches, which use the same sets of nodes to send packets repeatedly, leading to poor NLT. We talk about the average delay measure as it is represented graphically in \[H_{11}=\frac{\frac{2R}{3}-d}{r_{s}\times p_{r}},\]2 This indicator shows how long it typically takes for packets to arrive at the base station. This metric counts the number of hops a packet must traverse to reach the sink. A hop equals one delay unit. Plots of the delay metrics for five SLP procedures and one non-SLP technique are shown in \[H_{11}=\frac{\frac{2R}{3}-d}{r_{s}\times p_{r}},\]3 Compared to all other protocols, SLP-E has the highest delay since it uses longer pathways to improve anonymity. The SPR protocol is the least time-consuming because it offers no privacy protection. Also, the maximum delay estimated using the analytical models and presented in Figure 4 closely matches the trend of the average values of the delay metric present in Figure 10, the simulation values. Hence, both the theoretical and experimental results are consistent with each other. As mentioned earlier, the trade-off observed between packet transmission latency and the level of privacy in SLP-E is because the SLP-E routing protocol sends the packets along a highly random and diverse path to reach their destination (the BS). This trade-off is a common characteristic in most SLP solutions based on random walks. Next, we talk about how long the network will last if SLP protocols are used to safeguard the asset. In this scenario, a lot of packets are continuously delivered from the source to the BS until the first node in the network runs out of battery power and is deemed to be dead. The simulation comes to an end once a dead node is found. The number of packets transferred to the BS as a whole is then counted to obtain the network lifespan metric. Figure 11 displays the charts for the network lifespan metric. It can be seen that the proposed scheme performs equally well along with the SRR technique. As discussed earlier,

\[H_{11}=\frac{\frac{2R}{3}-d}{r_{s}\times p_{r}},\]4 Capture percentage. \[H_{11}=\frac{\frac{2R}{3}-d}{r_{s}\times p_{r}},\]5 Energy consumption. we have demonstrated that the NLT of SLP-E performs better on average. Accordingly, the suggested strategy continues to be the optimum for obtaining a consistent and improved safe period and NLT. This achievement in SLP-E is a result of a well-designed routing protocol, which avoids repeatedly using the same set of nodes to deliver packets to the BS. In addition, each node takes into account the remaining energy of its neighboring nodes when selecting the next relay node in the forwarding process. ### Impact of Radio Range on Privacy Strength

In a wireless sensor network (WSN) that relies on multi-hop communication, the sensor node radio range is a critical parameter with several considerations.