# Reliability and Risk Centered Maintenance: A Novel Method for Supporting Maintenance Management
## 5 Conclusions  
Traditional maintenance strategies based on reliability (RCM) or risk (RBM) should no longer be seen separately in the face of a current scenario in which equipment and processes are increasingly complex and the concern for the safety of workers and the environment is higher. In this context, this paper proposed a novel method that integrates RCM and RBM methods to support maintenance management.  
The proposed Reliability and Risk Centered Maintenance (RRCM) combined the study of the system and the cost-effectiveness reasoning of the RCM with risk estimation and evaluation of RBM to determine maintenance plans oriented to reliability, risk, and cost. The case study results showed the RRCM method can assist organizations in the development and implementation of maintenance plans for physical assets through a detailed and dynamic method. Furthermore, the features of the RRCM method expand the capabilities of the RCM or RBM as they incorporate tasks that are not present when applied individually.  
Nevertheless, it is worth mentioning that two of the main perceived limitations of RRCM are consistent with those found in both RCM and RBM. Firstly, the proposed method depends on the availability of in-depth technical knowledge and data regarding the items under analysis. For instance, insufficient and inaccurate information input for RRCM may impact the proper identification of the item's functions, functional failure effects, and potential failure modes and classification of the FMRL. Secondly, although RRCM shows promise, it requires proper planning and a significant amount of time to effectively derive the maintenance plans.  
As an additional limitation of RRCM, although the decision diagrams support the decision-making in the selection of the appropriate failure management policy based on the FMRL, they may involve subjective judgments and introduce epistemic bias during the reasoning process.  
Finally, it is expected that the findings of this paper will contribute to maintenance professionals and researchers by introducing a novel method to determine maintenance plans considering reliability, risk, and cost-effectiveness at once. As opportunities for future work, the authors suggest further exploration of the processes of Risk Review and Assessment of Maintenance Plans' Effectiveness as they are critical for the continuous improvement of the maintenance plans to support maintenance management.  
Conceptualization, R.F.d.S., A.H.d.A.M., M.A.d.C.M. and G.F.M.d.S.; methodology, R.F.d.S., A.H.d.A.M., M.A.d.C.M. and G.F.M.d.S.; formal analysis, R.F.d.S., A.H.d.A.M., M.A.d.C.M.; investigation, R.F.d.S., A.H.d.A.M., M.A.d.C.M. and G.F.M.d.S.; resources, G.F.M.d.S.; data curation, R.F.d.S., A.H.d.A.M., M.A.d.C.M.; writing--original draft preparation, R.F.d.S., A.H.d.A.M., M.A.d.C.M. and G.F.M.d.S.; writing--review and editing, R.F.d.S., A.H.d.A.M., M.A.d.C.M. and G.F.M.d.S.; validation, R.F.d.S., A.H.d.A.M. and M.A.d.C.M.; supervision, G.F.M.d.S.; funding acquisition, G.F.M.d.S. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.  
The authors are thankful for the financial support of FDTE (Fundacao para o Desenvolvimento Tecnologico da Engenharia), FUSP (Fundacao de Apoio a Universidade de Sao Paulo), and EDP Brasil for the development of the present research as part of an ANEL R&D Project. Prof. [PERSON] also wishes to acknowledge the support of the Brazilian National Council for Scientific and Technological Development/Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico (CNPq) by grant 303986/2022-0.  
**Institutional Review Board Statement**: Not applicable.  
**Informed Consent Statement**: Not applicable.  
**Data Availability Statement**: The data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author, [PERSON], upon reasonable request.  
**Conflicts of Interest**: The authors declare no conflict of interest.