## 5 Discussions and Recommendations  
The study's results underscore the complexity of pollutant dispersion in a tank farm. As presented at the beginning of Section 4. Results, the statistical analysis and clustering results can be understood in correlation with field topography and the local conditions. The maps presented in the article, drawn taking into account the results from the three measurement campaigns and averaging them for each measurement point in each zone (as explained in Methodology), are informative for the pollution extent given the relatively low height at which the measurements were done, similar meteorological conditions, and the walls surrounding the tank area that do not permit a quick displacement of VOCs. Spatial distribution maps offer real practical value because they indicate areas with localized emission on the study platform, which, although reduced in geographical size, includes zones with distinct operational characteristics for some tanks (some are in operation and others are under review). These differences in location are significant for the assessment of VOC emission patterns, especially during the revision period of the tanks where non-conformities have been identified (defects, lack of additional sealing elements), when emissions can spatially vary as a function of all the activities carried out in the area, as well as those carried out in the immediate vicinity. The positions of the access roads create a corridor for pollutant dispersion. The statistical analysis indicates that VOC emissions predominantly propagated along these pathways, leading to pollutant accumulation at the ends of roads R4 and R9. Notably, the highest concentrations were observed at the points at the ends of the R4 access road, which connects to Zone 2. This finding suggests an interaction between emissions from the two zones and a possible dispersion of pollutants from both zones toward these critical points. The overlap of emissions from the two zones highlights the need for an integrated analysis of the entire access road network and reservoir configuration to understand the dispersion of fugitive emissions fully. A classification based on statistical indicators can provide essential information about emissions variability and highlight areas that require immediate measures to reduce fugitive emissions. This approach has practical relevance, as it identifies statistically significant patterns that would otherwise have been difficult to observe if only primary data (momentary concentrations) had been used. Moreover, to improve the spatial distribution mapping and better contextualize VOC's distribution patterns, future studies must consider hourly records (that capture the short-term fluctuations of the emissions). Since the emissions are directly attributable to specific tank maintenance activities, by narrowing the study objectives to this specific operational phase, the results can provide applicable insights for improving local emission control strategies and monitoring protocols in similar situations. Based on the clustering results, the maintenance schedules or tank designs might be adapted for reducing the pollution. Such measures involve:  
* _Adaptation of tank design_: The classification based on statistical characteristics highlights aspects that may influence emissions, such as the volatility of the stored products or the design of safety elements of the equipment. Refineries can use this information \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c} \hline
**Point** & **Z1M1** & **Z1M2** & **Z1M3** & **Z1M7** & **Z1M8** & **Z1M10** & **Z1M11** \\ \hline Statistics & 0.20342 & 0.2991 & 0.3338 & 0.2969 & 0.1592 & 0.1532 & 0.7944 \\ \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 6: The Anderson–Darling test statistics (at the significance level of 5%). Cluster 1 in Zone 1.  
to modernize tanks by implementing more efficient characteristic elements or by installing advanced vapour recovery systems in high-emission areas.