# Estimation of Age in Humans Using Dental Translucency of Permanent Teeh: An Experimental Study
## 5 Conclusions  
The relative easiness and accuracy of RTD display its potential in tooth-based age estimation. The results we obtained by examining a sample of mono and multi-rooted teeth from an Italian population confirm that RTD is a precise and accurate method for estimating CA. In addition to the formulas proposed by [PERSON] [19] and [PERSON] et al. [11], the new RTH-based regression equation developed in this study provides acceptable estimates of age at death, especially in individuals aged \(<40\) years. This regression equation can be relevant in estimating age during the identification process. In any case, to support the estimation provided by the RTD method, multiple anthropological methods or indicators need to be applied in the identification process, especially in forensic cases and in older adults. Future investigations should explore the reliability of this equation in estimating age on other samples of European and non-European populations. The following supporting information can be downloaded at: [[https://www.mdpi.com/article/10.3390/app13106289/s1](https://www.mdpi.com/article/10.3390/app13106289/s1)]([https://www.mdpi.com/article/10.3390/app13106289/s1](https://www.mdpi.com/article/10.3390/app13106289/s1)), Figure S1: Picture representing the measurement of root length (RH), periodontal retraction (PH), and root height translucency (RHT). RHT has been measured on the labial or buccal surface, exposing the tooth to a light source. Table S1: Bang and Ramm's coefficient for unsanctioned teeth based on tooth type and RHT \(>\) or \(<\) than 9 mm (modified by Bang and Ramm [19]); Table S2: Total Italian sample characteristics and distribution by sex, chronological age, and tooth type; Table S3: ICC intra-operator (first part) e inter-operator (second part) variability for the total sample, age groups, and tooth type; Table S4: Bias, precision, and inaccuracy of the selected formula divided for the total sample, age classes, and tooth type. Absolute and relative frequencies of the tooth with less than 5 and 10 years of bias and more than 15 years of bias between actual and estimated age. Conceptualization, N.R., M.N. and E.G.-R.; Data curation, N.R., I.S. and F.D.L. ; Formal analysis, N.R. and F.D.L. ; Investigation, I.S. and P.F. ; Methodology, N.R., I.S. and P.F. ; Project administration, M.N. and E.G.-R.; Resources, N.R., M.N. and E.G.-R.; Supervision, N.R. and E.G.-R.; Writing--original draft, N.R. and E.G.-R.; Writing--review & editing, N.R., I.S., F.D.L., M.N., P.F. and E.G.-R. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript. This research received no external funding. **Institutional Review Board Statement:** Ethical review and approval were waived for this study due to the REASON that data processing complies with the general authorization for scientific research purposes granted by the Italian Data Protection Authority (1 March 2012 as published in Italy's Official Journal no. 72 dated 26 March 2012) since the data do not entail any significant personalized impact on data subjects. Approval by an institutional and/or licensing committee is not required since experimental protocols are not applied in this study. The patients' data were completely anonymized, according to Regulation (EU) 2016/679 of the European Parliament and the Council: \"The data protection principles should therefore not apply to anonymous information, i.e., information that does not relate to an identified or identifiable natural person or to personal data made sufficiently anonymous to prevent or no longer allow the identification of the data subject. Therefore, this regulation does not apply to the processing of such anonymous information, including for statistical or research purposes.\"  
**Informed Consent Statement:** Patient consent was waived due to the REASON listed above, which makes specific Informed Consent unnecessary. As this is a retrospective study using anonymized dental material, it was impossible to contact patients to obtain specific consent for this study.