# Empirical Evidences for Urban Influences on Public Health in Hamburg
## 3 Results: Identifying Urban Influences on Health
### Principal Component Analysis
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c c c c c c c c} \hline \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**Factor**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**Name**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**No.**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**Code**} & \multicolumn{8}{c}{**Component**} & \multicolumn{8}{c}{**Communality**} \\ \cline{6-13}  & & & & **1** & **2** & **3** & **4** & **5** & **6** & **7** & **8** & **9** & \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{6} & \multirow{2}{*}{**Urban Services**} & 21. & QCPT & 0.182 & 0.101 & 0.043 & 0.020 & -0.027 & **0.771** & -0.060 & 0.073 & -0.056 & 0.653 \\ \cline{3-13}  & & 22. & QCS & 0.226 & 0.143 & 0.054 & -0.010 & 0.031 & **0.747** & -0.104 & 0.032 & -0.064 & 0.649 \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{3} & \multirow{3}{*}{**Noise Stress**} & 23. & NWD & -0.206 & -0.077 & **0.836** & 0.020 & 0.144 & 0.010 & 0.011 & -0.014 & 0.052 & 0.772 \\ \cline{3-13}  & & 24. & NWE & -0.236 & -0.075 & **0.810** & 0.086 & 0.158 & -0.012 & 0.015 & -0.069 & 0.024 & 0.755 \\ \cline{3-13}  & & 25. & NNI & -0.249 & -0.033 & **0.756** & 0.056 & 0.155 & 0.015 & -0.002 & -0.022 & 0.100 & 0.672 \\ \cline{3-13}  & & 26. & NRT & -0.173 & -0.004 & **0.809** & 0.069 & 0.031 & 0.040 & -0.094 & -0.023 & -0.031 & 0.702 \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{4} & \multirow{3}{*}{**Heat Stress**} & 27. & HDI & -0.105 & -0.046 & 0.080 & **0.869** & 0.113 & -0.056 & -0.004 & -0.075 & -0.038 & 0.798 \\ \cline{3-13}  & & 28. & HNI & -0.115 & -0.112 & 0.153 & **0.828** & 0.102 & 0.007 & -0.004 & -0.105 & -0.044 & 0.758 \\ \cline{3-13}  & & 29. & HDO & -0.099 & -0.253 & -0.003 & **0.743** & 0.018 & 0.030 & 0.043 & 0.006 & 0.013 & 0.629 \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{5} & \multirow{3}{*}{**Cold Stress**} & 30. & CDI & -0.105 & -0.086 & 0.148 & 0.082 & **0.818** & -0.031 & -0.037 & -0.029 & -0.047 & 0.721 \\ \cline{3-13}  & & 31. & CNI & -0.158 & -0.095 & 0.174 & 0.014 & **0.809** & 0.014 & 0.017 & -0.044 & -0.007 & 0.721 \\ \cline{3-13}  & & 32. & CDO & -0.042 & -0.190 & 0.111 & 0.129 & **0.601** & 0.029 & 0.015 & 0.118 & 0.034 & 0.445 \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{8} & \multirow{3}{*}{**Social Network**} & 33. & CON & 0.095 & -0.025 & -0.032 & -0.103 & -0.051 & 0.063 & 0.028 & **0.717** & 0.113 & 0.555 \\ \cline{3-13}  & & 34. & SOC & 0.123 & 0.190 & -0.098 & -0.080 & 0.172 & 0.074 & -0.102 & **0.656** & -0.042 & 0.544 \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{7} & \multirow{3}{*}{**Gender and Consumption**} & 35. & GEN & -0.027 & -0.131 & -0.038 & -0.033 & 0.048 & 0.128 & **-0.662** & 0.152 & 0.022 & 0.501 \\ \cline{3-13}  & & 36. & DFC & 0.043 & 0.009 & -0.026 & 0.048 & 0.036 & -0.102 & **0.579** & -0.094 & -0.149 & 0.383 \\ \cline{3-13}  & & 37. & FAC & 0.144 & 0.065 & -0.126 & 0.028 & 0.029 & -0.014 & **0.494** & 0.225 & 0.340 & 0.452 \\ \cline{3-13}  & & 38. & SMO & -0.131 & -0.120 & -0.005 & -0.037 & 0.018 & 0.143 & **0.482** & 0.109 & 0.012 & 0.298 \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{9} & \multirow{3}{*}{**Age and Social Status**} & 39. & EDU & -0.117 & -0.178 & -0.122 & 0.063 & 0.002 & 0.116 & 0.124 & -0.057 & **-0.678** & 0.556 \\ \cline{3-13}  & & 40. & INC & -0.241 & -0.202 & -0.075 & 0.175 & 0.141 & 0.190 & -0.214 & -0.098 & **-0.415** & 0.418 \\ \cline{3-13}  & & 41. & AGE & -0.072 & 0.315 & 0.150 & 0.157 & 0.191 & 0.095 & -0.390 & 0.003 & **0.411** & 0.518 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 2: _Cont._Overall, these analyses indicated that at least nine distinct factors underlie the data. An approximately normal distribution is given for the composite score data in the current study; thus the data are well-suited for parametric statistical analyses (see Section 2.2). To that end, the resulting PCs support the systematization suggested in the model of UrbWellth. The factors derived from the data correspond quite well with the deductively derived model and in particular cover all four quadrants (Figure 2). Finally, the results of the principal component analysis were used to exclude the relevant health variables from the list of independent variables for the LR analysis.