## 1 Introduction  
Renewable energy is a critical part of reducing global carbon emissions. In comparison with fossil fuels such as coal, oil and gas, the costs of renewable energy sources are higher. However, energy systems should be changed due to the climate crisis, [PERSON] [1], [PERSON] et al. [2], [PERSON] et al. [3]. Regardless of the occlusion to the development of these forms of energy, the adoption of appropriate policies for application of renewable energies is impossible due to the production of distributed renewable energy in areas away from the global power transmission grid, [PERSON] et al. [4], [PERSON] et al. [5]. Another problem is the lack of continuous production of energy during 24 h a day, but this can be eliminated by the application of various hybrid energy sources. There are various methods for hybridizing geothermal and solar technologies. Most previous research conducted on hybrid solar-geothermal energy has focused on conventional thermodynamic analysis ([PERSON] et al. [6], [PERSON] et al. [7], [PERSON] et al. [8], [PERSON] and [PERSON] [9], [PERSON] et al. [10], [PERSON] et al. [11], [PERSON] et al. [12]). The first law of thermodynamics (FLT) governs the amount of energy lost or produced in a process; energy cannot be created nor destroyed. However, this analysis alone fails to identify the quality of the dissipated energy and how much work potential is available. To assess both the quantity and the quality of the lost or gained energy, both the first and second laws of thermodynamics (SLT) must be used in conjunction with each other to provide a more thorough understanding of the conversion inefficiencies, termed exergy, [PERSON] et al. [13]. Exergy (Ex) is defined as the maximum theoretical work that a system can achieve when it comes into equilibrium with the environment or the dead state. Exergy \"analysis\" refers to the use of exergy concepts to design a better, more efficient device. Exergy is used primarily in the early phase of development to achieve better buildings, chemical processes, engines, etc. A conventional analysis of exergy describes the location, magnitude and causes of thermodynamic inefficiencies. This method of analysis appears to be growing in popularity and provides detailed information on the thermodynamic imperfections of the system, [PERSON] et al. [13]. These imperfections, termed exergy destruction (\(\mathrm{E_{D}}\)), wasted work or wasted work potential, are the very inefficiencies that engineers spend their careers trying to avoid, minimize or eliminate. Regarding the exergo-economics (\(\mathrm{c_{i}}\)) of a process or system, one can consequently argue that costs are better distributed among outputs when cost accounting is based on exergy, because exergy often is a consistent measure of economic value. Another relation between exergy and economic value stems from the observation that exergy losses for a system appear to correlate in an inverse manner with capital costs, [PERSON] [14]. The exergy of systems and processes represents a true measure of imperfection and indicates the possible ways to improve an energy system and to design better ones. Therefore, exergy analysis is of vital importance in the assessment of the environment, ecology and sustainability. Destruction of exergy must be reduced because its assessment offers the opportunity to quantify the environmental-exergy (\(\mathrm{b_{i}}\)) impact and sustainability of any energy system. Energy policies and strategies must include exergy efficient systems expanding the use of renewable energy. Exergy analysis is one of the main methods and tools for elaborating Exergo environment development, policies and strategies, [PERSON] and [PERSON] [15]. The availability or exergy of a substance in a given state is a measure of the maximum obtainable work as the substance proceeds to the dead state while exchanging heat solely with the environment.