# An Optimization Routing Algorithm for Green Communication in Underground Mines
## 1 Introduction
In a GCUM, there are three types of nodes: anchor, multifunction, and original nodes. GAs have been applied to obtain optimal network solutions in many situations. GAs are characterized by high convergence and can be used in Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) with highly dynamic and multiple objectives to determine the optimal network cluster structure based on random searches. However, most GAs applied in cluster analysis are applied to network environments without features. The parameters of nodes are often consistent in the network, and clustering algorithms are based on a single criterion. However, in a network with heterogeneous characteristics, if the nodes are clustered according to a single standard, although it may balance the energy consumption, it is not realistic green communication, and the overhead of the routing paths must be considered. In a heterogeneous communication environment, it is relatively difficult to balance various heterogeneous factors [4; 5]. Some optimization methods, such as DCMST, have been used in routing analysis to solve these problems. These algorithms can effectively handle issues associated with multiple heterogeneous factors, determine the optimal minimum overhead of the routing paths, and establish the roles of the mobile nodes according to their properties. The integrative capacity and flexibility of the GA can effectively solve dynamic and multiobjective structural optimization problems in heterogeneous networks. In this paper, the GCUM is a dynamic, multiobjective, and complex topological network. Thus, the DCMST is first applied to obtain the routing paths with the lowest overhead in the network. Then, the GA is applied to determine the optimal clustering structure. The main contributions of the paper are as follows:  
1. We develop a high throughput and low energy consumption routing path algorithm that preserves the connectivity and the degree the nodes are constrained, which is proposed to reduce the energy consumption of multipath communication and optimize green communication based on the DCMST. 2. According to the former routing paths, a GA is introduced to optimize the clustering process and balance the energy consumption and nodal loads of the network. The routing algorithm proposed in this paper is based on the improved GA, which is applied in the heterogeneous nodal environment and optimizes the fitness function based on the weights of the routing paths from the DCMST. Finally, we optimized the energy consumption from many aspects to achieve the goal of green communication in the GCUM. The remainder of this paper is organized as follows: Section 2 introduces the existing techniques for reducing the overhead in routing algorithms in green communication; Section 3 presents the node and energy consumption models; Section 4 introduces the method of guaranteed connectivity in the context of green communication based on the DCMST; Section 5 proposes a clustering technique to balance the energy consumption and nodal loads in a heterogeneous network based on the GA; The experiments and results are presented in Section 6; and Section 7 concludes the paper.