## 4 Conclusions and Prospects  
Light conditions, including intensity, spectrum, and duration, yield an extraordinary influence over morphogenetic responses, playing a pivotal role in regulating primary and secondary metabolism in plants such as _C. sativa_. Mastering metabolic adjustment is paramount for optimizing plant growth and development while minimizing the devastation of adverse environmental conditions. The intricate redox-mediated effects of light intensity, photoperiod, and spectrum on primary and secondary metabolism within individual cell compartments demand rigorous investigation, charting critical directions for future research. Light serves as a highly promising abiotic elicitor for stimulating the production of vital metabolites in various in vitro plant systems. Among the diverse abiotic elicitors, light has garnered significant attention due to its precise wavelengths, cost-effectiveness, and long-lasting nature, making it an ideal tool for enhancing secondary metabolite synthesis. Numerous studies have demonstrated that different light sources, with varying qualities and intensities, substantially boost secondary metabolite accumulation across multiple plant species under _in vitro_ conditions. These findings open the door to a deeper exploration of light as a potent elicitor. However, the focus of most studies has been primarily on plant growth and development, as well as primary metabolite generation, underscoring the scarcity of comprehensive insights into the regulatory factors governing light-induced elicitation mechanisms. As a result, many investigations fail to fully elucidate the mechanisms by which light enhances the production of pharmacologically valuable secondary metabolites, as these mechanisms likely vary depending on plant species, culture conditions, and the specific light source applied.  
As our comprehension of hormone pathways and photomorphogenic processes deepens, it becomes imperative to unravel the mechanisms through which light signaling pathways intersect with hormone signaling in _C. sativa_. Groundbreaking advances in light-regulated hormone signaling technologies now empower researchers to delve into the spatiotemporal patterns of signaling as perceived by receptors. The burgeoning understanding of transcriptional and protein regulation presents formidable challenges but is essential for pioneering future progress. Artificial lighting in horticulture has long been a cornerstone for assimilation and photoperiod functions. However, recent monumental advancements in plant photomorphogenesis and metabolism have heralded the era of state-of-the-art lighting systems and innovative strategies, such as photo-selective greenhouse covers, to manipulate light for supreme control over plant development and metabolism. This revolutionary approach promises to redefine and elevate the optimization of plant growth and productivity through masterful light manipulation. More species and variety-specific trials and research can elucidate the undiscovered molecular mechanism underlying the physiology and metabolism of _C. sativ_.  
Conceptualization, writing--original draft preparation, S.A.; preparation of tables, writing--original draft preparation, M.I-U.-H; validation, S.S.; validation, A.A.; writing--review and editing, M.A.R.; conceptualization, writing--original draft preparation, writing--review and editing, preparation of figure, M.M.R.; writing--review and editing, H.W.C. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.  
**Funding:** This work was supported by the Promotion (NO: P0023710) of Innovative Businesses for Regulation-Free Special Zones funded by the Ministry of SMEs and Startups (MSS, Republic of Korea).  
**Institutional Review Board Statement:** Not applicable.  
**Data Availability Statement:** Data will be available upon request.  
**Conflicts of Interest:** The authors declare that they have no competing interests.