## 3 Results
### Analysis of Meteorological Drivers of NDVI Variation  
To delve into the impact of climate change on vegetation growth, this study conducted a detailed study on the relationship between vegetation growth and meteorological factors  
Figure 3: Seasonal and annual NDVI trends for various vegetation types in China from 2001 to 2023: panels (**–d**) show the trends for spring, summer, autumn, and winter, respectively; panel (**e**) illustrates the comprehensive annual changes. in China from 2001 to 2023. By analyzing the VIP scores of NDVI changes influenced by multiple meteorological factors, including RH, SWR, SWVL1, T2m, TP, and CO\({}_{2}\), the results shown in Figure 4 were obtained. The findings indicate that over the past two decades, vegetation growth in China has been significantly influenced by meteorological factors such as soil moisture, solar radiation, and precipitation. Specifically, SWVL1 exhibited the highest VIP score with a spatial average of 1.0153, and 79.22% of regions had VIP scores exceeding 0.8, suggesting that soil moisture is one of the key factors affecting vegetation growth. Subsequently, SWR and TP had VIP scores of 0.9581 and 0.9661, respectively, with 71.86% and 74.78% of areas having VIP scores above 0.8, underscoring their critical roles in plant photosynthesis and water supply. Although RH and T2m had relatively lower VIP scores of 0.8981 and 0.8933, respectively, they play significant roles in regulating plant transpiration. Notably, despite having the lowest VIP score of 0.8452, and only 55.09% of regions exhibiting VIP scores exceeding 0.8, the long-term effects of CO\({}_{2}\) on vegetation growth under global climate change warrant further investigation. Spatially, high VIP score regions for RH are mainly concentrated in Yunnan, Guizhou, and eastern Sichuan, along with western Tibet and eastern and northern Xinjiang; low-value regions are primarily found in Guangdong, Fujian, and Jiangxi, with other scattered low-value zones. Low VIP score regions for SWR are predominantly located in Heilongjiang, central-western Inner Mongolia, and Chongqing. Low-value regions for SWVL1 are relatively sparse and scattered, with few low-value areas at the border of Guizhou and Hunan, while most regions exhibit high VIP scores. High VIP score regions for T2m are concentrated in Guangxi, Guangdong, western Sichuan, Jiangsu, Anhui, and Heilongjiang, whereas low-value clusters appear mainly at the borders of Inner Mongolia, Heilongjiang, and Jilin. Low-value regions for TP are primarily situated in western China, especially Xinjiang and Qinghai, with generally high VIP scores along the southern coastal areas. Low-value regions for CO\({}_{2}\) are widely distributed, particularly in southeastern areas (such as Guangxi, Guangdong, Hunan, Jiangxi, Fujian, Zhejiang), while high-value regions are mainly concentrated in Shaanxi and Shanxi. This spatial distribution variability is closely related to the climate, geographical environment, and human activities across different regions of China. In southwestern regions (such as Yunnan, Guizhou, Sichuan), abundant soil moisture, high relative humidity, and suitable temperatures lead to greater influence of soil moisture and humidity on vegetation growth; conversely, northwestern regions (such as Xinjiang, Qinghai) are constrained by aridity and low precipitation, resulting in weaker vegetation growth. Moreover, the high level of economic development and frequent human activities in southeastern coastal areas may lead to localized climatic environmental changes, thereby impacting the distribution of VIP scores for CO\({}_{2}\) and other meteorological factors. In summary, it can be concluded that the patterns of how vegetation growth is influenced by meteorological factors vary across different regions.