## 5 Conclusions  
4D flow MRI and CFD show reasonable agreement in velocity magnitudes at the carotid artery bifurcation. The major flow structures and secondary flow directions of the carotid artery bifurcation observed in 4D flow MRI moderately coincided with CFD simulation. However, there were differences between the velocity fields between the 2 techniques. Despite these limitations, these techniques have the potential to aid in the clinical management of atherosclerotic disease. Future study should focus on approaches to overcome the limitations of 4D flow MRI in the visualization of blood flow at recirculation regions, as well as the assessment of secondary flow characteristics. Conceptualization, H.S.K. and D.H.L. ; methodology, J.J. and G.H.C. ; formal analysis, M.T.N. and C.I.K. ; Writing--original draft preparation, M.T.N. ; writing--review and editing, M.T.N., C.I.K., J.J.; supervision, H.S.K. and D.H.L. This research was supported by Dongkook Life Science. Co., Ltd., Republic of Korea. This research was supported by Basic Science Research Program (NRF-2019R1I1A3A01060695, NRF-2019R1I1A3A01059720, and NRF-2017R1D1A3B03032390) by the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) funded by the Ministry of Education. Supported by Siemens Healthineers. The authors declare no conflict of interest. * _[PERSON] et al. (2007)_ [PERSON]; [PERSON] [PERSON]; [PERSON]; [PERSON] [PERSON]; [PERSON]; [PERSON] [PERSON]; [PERSON] [PERSON]; [PERSON]; [PERSON] Time-resolved 3D MR velocity mapping at 3T: Improved navigator-gated assessment of vascular anatomy and blood flow. _J. Magn. Reson. Imaging_**2007**, _25_, 824-831. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
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