## 3 Results
### Assessment of Free Radical-Scavenging Activities of Plant Polysaccharide Extracts  
The free radical-scavenging abilities of the plant crude polysaccharide extracts were analyzed by evaluating the DPPH (2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) and NO (Nitric oxide)  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{l l l l l} \hline \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**Samples**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**’ Yield (\%)**} & **Total Sugar** & **Protein** & **Phenolic** \\  & & **Content (\%)** & **Content (\%)** & **Content (\%)** \\ \hline Snct-P & 13.28 \(\pm\) 0.78 \({}^{\text{a}}\) & 17.70 \(\pm\) 0.03 \({}^{\text{a}}\) & 9.27 \(\pm\) 0.30 \({}^{\text{a}}\) & 16.50 \(\pm\) 0.56 \({}^{\text{a}}\) \\ ML-P & 8.23 \(\pm\) 1.1 \({}^{\text{a}}\) & 46.14 \(\pm\) 1.16 \({}^{\text{c}}\) & 11.81 \(\pm\) 0.30 \({}^{\text{ac}}\) & 18.44 \(\pm\) 0.80 \({}^{\text{c,b}}\) \\ Gnkgo-P & 7.11 \(\pm\) 0.45 \({}^{\text{a,d}}\) & 24.08 \(\pm\) 1.88 \({}^{\text{d}}\) & 1.45 \(\pm\) 0.07 \({}^{\text{d,b}}\) & 7.78 \(\pm\) 1.43 \({}^{\text{d,b}}\) \\ \({}^{\text{*}}\) Onion-P & 0.60 \(\pm\) 0.05 & 51.19 \(\pm\) 0.72 \({}^{\text{e}}\) & 2.19 \(\pm\) 0.30 \({}^{\text{e,b}}\) & 1.51 \(\pm\) 0.03 \({}^{\text{e,b,d}}\) \\ Garlic-P & 9.39 \(\pm\) 0.57 \({}^{\text{a}}\) & 24.71 \(\pm\) 2.42 \({}^{\text{f}}\) & 0.67 \(\pm\) 0.01 \({}^{\text{f}b}\) & 3.18 \(\pm\) 0.15 \({}^{\text{f,b,d,e}}\) \\ Dan-P & 27.88 \(\pm\) 4.56 \({}^{\text{g}}\) & 83.78 \(\pm\) 1.28 \({}^{\text{g}}\) & 0.15 \(\pm\) 0.01 \({}^{\text{g}b}\) & 1.26 \(\pm\) 0.02 \({}^{\text{g,d,e}}\) \\ MSP-50 & 6.41 \(\pm\) 0.89 \({}^{\text{h}}\) & 6.30 \(\pm\) 1.45 \({}^{\text{h,i}}\) & 31.76 \(\pm\) 1.70 \({}^{\text{h}}\) & 2.18 \(\pm\) 0.01 \({}^{\text{h,b,c,d}}\) \\ MSP-80 & 11.09 \(\pm\) 0.31 \({}^{\text{a,h,i}}\) & 7.86 \(\pm\) 0.38 \({}^{\text{i}}\) & 32.89 \(\pm\) 0.70 \({}^{\text{i,h}}\) & 2.68 \(\pm\) 0.02 \({}^{\text{i,c}}\) \\ MSP-RT & 13.97 \(\pm\) 1.22 \({}^{\text{i}}\) & 9.00 \(\pm\) 0.89 \({}^{\text{i,i}}\) & 34.38 \(\pm\) 0.22 \({}^{\text{j,h}}\) & 2.35 \(\pm\) 0.02 \({}^{\text{j,c,d}}\) \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular} Yield (\%) is calculated as a mass of obtained crude polysaccharides relative to the mass of plant powder used for extraction, except \({}^{\text{*}}\) Onion-P where fresh bulb mass used for extraction was taken for calculation. Crude polysaccharides with the same subscript letters within the same column are not significantly different from one another at \(p<0.05\), while those with different letters within the same column are significantly different from one another at \(p<0.05\).  
\end{table}
Table 2: Percentage yield and the chemical composition of selected plant polysaccharide extracts.  
radical-scavenging activities as well as the Ferric-Reducing Antioxidant Power (FRAP) and Cupric-Reducing Antioxidant Capacity (CUPRAC). The results of the free radical-scavenging activities of plant polysaccharides with their IC\({}_{50}\) or IC\({}_{0.5}\) (for the crude polysaccharides and the normalized sugar contents) are presented in Figures 1-4. IC\({}_{50}\) value of the sample is the crude polysaccharide extract concentration (mg/mL), or the concentration of total sugar in the sample (mg/mL), or Vitamin C (Vit C) that produces 50% of DPPH radical or NO radical-scavenging activity. Vit C (mg/mL) was used as a standard. IC\({}_{0.5}\) is the concentration of crude polysaccharides (mg/mL), normalized sugar content (mg/mL), or Vit C (mg/mL) that produces the absorbance of 0.5 in the CUPRAC and FRAP tests. Only IC\({}_{50}\) or IC\({}_{0.5}\) of the crude polysaccharides with significant free radical-scavenging activities are presented. The IC\({}_{50}\)/IC\({}_{0.5}\) of crude polysaccharides that have significantly (\(p<0.05\)) lower free radical-scavenging activities than other plant crude polysaccharides are not presented. The IC\({}_{50}\) and IC\({}_{0.5}\) values obtained using the normalized sugar content in the crude polysaccharide extracts assume that the significant free radical-scavenging activities observed were linked to the sugar contents in the samples.