# An Evaluation of the Security of Bare Machine Computing (BMC) Systems against Cybersecurity Attacks
## 4 Comparison of Conventional and BMC Systems  
This section compares system guidelines in Table 1 (20 items) and system characteristics in Table 2 (28 items). The system guidelines are informal requirements or policies needed to build a system. The system characteristics are inherent properties of a system. Some system guidelines and characteristics may be prone to security attacks. Some system guidelines and characteristics may be resilient to security attacks. Thus, we define two terms to compare conventional and BMC systems: PECSV indicates possible exposure to cybersecurity vulnerabilities, and PRCSV designates possible resilience to cybersecurity vulnerabilities. The references obtained from the literature review are shown in the tables to determine possible vulnerabilities and resiliency in BMC systems.  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Seq.** & **System Guidelines** & **Conventional Systems** & **PECSV** & **BMC Systems** & **PRCSV** \\ \hline
1 & System Approach & Evolutionary & & Revolutionary \\ \hline
2 & Open/Closed & Open &
\begin{tabular}{c} \(\Delta\) \\ Conventional \\ Guideline 2 \\ \end{tabular} & Closed & BMC Guideline 2 \\ \hline
3 & Global Focus & Yes & & Local Focus \\ \hline
4 & Global Users & Yes & \(\Delta\)[1,2] & Local Users \\ \hline
5 & Equal Access & Yes & & Restricted & BMC Guideline 5 \\ \hline
6 & Free Learning & Yes & \(\Delta\)[57] & Restricted & BMC Guideline 6 \\ \hline
7 & Free Internet & Yes & & Bare Internet & BMC Guideline 7 \\ \hline
8 & Layered Systems & Yes & \(\Delta\)[58] & No & BMC Guideline 8 \\ \hline
9 & Heterogeneity & Yes & \(\Delta\)[59] & No & BMC Guideline 9 \\ \hline
\begin{tabular}{c} User/Developer \\ Convenience \\ \end{tabular} & Yes & \(\Delta\)[37] & Not Top Priority & BMC Guideline 10 \\ \hline
11 & Training & Yes & & Yes & BMC Guideline 11 \\ \hline
12 & Software Installation Online & Yes & \(\Delta\)[60] & No & BMC Guideline 12 \\ \hline
13 & Wi-Fi & Yes & \(\Delta\)[61,62] & Not Supported Yet & BMC Guideline 13 \\ \hline
14 & Scripts and Batch Files & Yes & \(\Delta\)[63] & No & BMC Guideline 14 \\ \hline
15 & Attachments and Links & Yes & \(\Delta\)[64,65] & No & BMC Guideline 15 \\ \hline
16 & Social Media & Yes & \(\Delta\)[66,67] & No & BMC Guideline 16 \\ \hline
17 & Advertisements & Yes & \(\Delta\)[68,69] & No & BMC Guideline 17 \\ \hline
18 & Unsolicited Websites & Yes & \(\Delta\)[70,71] & No & BMC Guideline 18 \\ \hline
19 & Automated Tools & Yes & \(\Delta\)[72,73] & Restricted & BMC Guideline 19 \\ \hline
20 & Cookies & Yes & \(\Delta\)[74] & No & BMC Guideline 20 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}
Table 1: Comparison of System Guidelines.  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{l l l l l l} \hline \hline
**Seq.** & **System Characteristics** & **Conventional Systems** & **PECSV** & **BMC Systems** & **PRCSV** \\ \hline
1 & OS/Kernel/Embedded & Yes & \(\mathbb{A}\)[75] & No & & \\ \hline
2 & Applications & Environment-centric & Domain-specific & & \\ \hline
3 & Programming Languages & Many & ASM/C/C++ & BMC Characteristic 3 \\ \hline
4 & Executable & Format varies & Single monolithic & & \\  & depending on OS & executable & BMC Characteristic 4 \\ \hline
5 & Linking & Dynamic (DLLs) & \(\mathbb{A}\)[76] & Static (No DLLs) & & \\  & & & & \\  & & & & & \\  & & & & & \\  & & & & & \\  &  
Using these two tables, we make the following observations. In Table 1, in conventional system guidelines, 15 out of 20 have possible exposure to cybersecurity vulnerabilities, whereas in BMC systems, 17 out of 20 have possible resilience to cybersecurity vulnerabilities. Similarly, in Table 2, in conventional system characteristics, 17 out of 28 have possible exposure to cybersecurity vulnerabilities, whereas in BMC systems, 26 out of 28 have possible resilience to cybersecurity vulnerabilities. Overall, BMC systems show possible resiliency, and conventional systems indicate possible exposure to cybersecurity vulnerabilities. This indicates that BMC systems are inherently secure by design.