## 4 Conclusions  
We proposed a new receiving coil configuration for use in Dynamic Wireless Power Transfer (DWPT) systems. The configuration utilizes multiple vertical coils (VCs) wound around a ferrite core, in contrast to the conventional DDQ coils mounted horizontally  
Figure 10: Frequency\(-\)dependent transmitted power (§21) in the receivers for the VC lab model. Figure 9: Frequency\(-\)dependent returning power (§11) in the transmitter for the VC lab model. beneath a ferrite core. The required clearance between the EV and the road necessitates a small cross-section for the design of the vertical coils. However, our suggested VC design utilizes the ferrite core to align and concentrate the magnetic field lines so that the net flux captured by the VC coils results in a potential for better energy transfer efficiency, in comparison to the DDQ configuration. The VC configuration may include any number of coils, each operating at resonance frequency and connected to its separate rectifying circuit. Another set of VC coils, perpendicular to the set proposed here and directed with its long axis pointing at the direction of motion, may be also added to support pickup in a transverse direction. The VC design has the potential to improve the overall energy transmission efficiency in DWPT transmitter-receiver systems. We simulated an actual scale model of this new configuration and analyzed the energy transfer efficiency versus receiver location. We performed the same analysis for the DDQ configuration of a similar scale and compared both performances. We then simulated and constructed small-scale models of both configurations and tested their energy transfer efficiency experimentally. Key findings are that the VC configuration not only results in a higher peak efficiency when the receiver is right above the transmitter, but also spans a larger range of efficient energy transfer. For a full pass of the receiver above the transmitter, the VC receiver starts receiving energy sooner than the DDQ receiver and stops receiving it later, resulting in an effective range almost 50% wider than the DDQ receiver. Assuming the same velocity of crossing in both cases, the total energy transfer, reflected by the area beneath the position-dependent efficiency, would be over 50% higher in the VC receiver. The VC bench-model realized and tested in the lab showed a qualitative agreement between the experiment and the simulations. The efficiency curve's main features and the significant widening of the curve were observed. However, quantitatively, there is room for improvement. VNA measurements imply that mutual-inductance between the VCs themselves plays a key role and shifts the resonance frequency from the designed value. Further study is required to incorporate these mutual inductance effects into the simulation and improve the physical model accordingly. The next sizing and optimization steps will include variations in the number of vertical coils, VC spacing, number of turns, coil shape, core cross-section, additional transverse coils, and optimal operating point along the core's B(H) curve. Varying such parameters may contribute to more magnetic flux pickup; however, it may also result in an increase in mutual coupling and complexity and an increase in the weight and cost of the receiver. Hence, careful step-by-step optimization is required. The novel VC receiver configuration has the potential to show better performance and higher energy transfer efficiency in comparison with the DDQ configuration. We believe that with further optimization and research, the VC receiver may be used commercially with superior performance. Conceptualization, S.W. and Y.N. ; methodology, I.G., Y.N. and S.W. ; software, I.G. ; validation, I.G., A.R. and Y.N. ; formal analysis, I.G. ; investigation, I.G., A.R., Y.N. and S.W. ; resources, S.W. ; data curation, I.G. ; writing original draft preparation, I.G. and S.W. ; writing--review and editing, I.G. and S.W. ; visualization, I.G. ; supervision, S.W. ; project administration, S.W.