## 4 Numerical Analysis and Results
### Network Selection for Different Services
We used Auckland's public transport network to prove that buses/public vehicles can be used as a data carrier. The results presented show the network ranking trends among all networks for different kinds of services. The second case study was presented using CVRP, which helped to minimize energy consumption with a fixed capacity of buses to allocate data onto each bus stop. This work provides strong evidence that significant energy savings can be achieved while still guaranteeing data delivery. The results presented here appear to be reasonable and promising, which ultimately proves that public transport can be used as another alternative communication network for delay-tolerant data needs. However, the proposed method could be affected by the highly dynamic changes in network topologies. We have analysed PTDD with a static dataset; for future work, the network should be developed with dynamic factors such as traffic, weather, passenger flow data, etc., for real-time changes in the network. An analytical model for dynamic behaviors of bus movement would be a good future contribution. In terms of the future potential of applications, our system can be used in video surveillance systems. The transport agency has deployed people with cameras to record drivers illegally going into T3/T2 lanes. The public transport belongs to the same transport agency; thus, if these cameras can be deployed onto bus stops, then these buses can be utilized for carrying that accumulated data to the main center. These videos are not urgent and can be delayed up to hours for delivery. Hence, PTDD can be utilized efficiently to alleviate this network congestion case and to improve energy efficiency. However, the privacy and security part is lacking in our proposed work, and we will consider those aspects as future work and an extension of our proposed architecture. [leftmargin=*]

**Author Contributions:** [PERSON] modeled the multi-attribute decision making for energy-efficient network selection in a heterogeneous network and adopted CVRP for optimal vehicle selection, implemented the case study, and analyzed the data under the supervision of [PERSON], [PERSON], [PERSON], and [PERSON]. The manuscript was drafted by [PERSON], and was revised and proofread by [PERSON], [PERSON], [PERSON], and [PERSON]. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript. **Funding:** This research received no external funding. **Data Availability Statement:** Not Applicable, the study does not report any data. **Conflicts of Interest:** The authors declare no conflict of interest. ## References

* (1) [PERSON]; [PERSON]; [PERSON]; [PERSON]; [PERSON]; [PERSON]; [PERSON] Assessment of current developments and future prospects of wind energy in Canada. _Sustain. Energy Technol. Assess._**2022**, _50_, 101819. [CrossRef]
* (2) [PERSON]; [PERSON] Big Data and virtualization for manufacturing cyber-physical systems: A survey of the current status and future outlook. _Comput. Ind._**2016**, _81_, 128-137. [CrossRef]* [PERSON] et al. (2017) [PERSON]; [PERSON]; [PERSON]; [PERSON]; [PERSON]. Telco asks transp: Can you give me a ride in the era of big data? In Proceedings of the 2017 IEEE Conference on Computer Communications Workshops (INFOCOM WKSHPS), Atlanta, GA, USA, 1-4 May 2017; IEEE: Piscataway, NJ, USA, 2017; pp. 766-771. * [PERSON] (2021) [PERSON] Cooperative Mobile Traffic Offloading in Mobile Edge Computing for 5G HetNet IoT Applications In _Real-Time Intelligence for Heterogeneous Networks_; Springer: Berlin/Heidelberg, Germany, 2021; pp. 43-58. * [PERSON] et al. (2011) [PERSON]; [PERSON]; [PERSON]; [PERSON] [PERSON]; [PERSON]; [PERSON]; [PERSON]; [PERSON]; [PERSON]; [PERSON] Green radio: Radio techniques to enable energy-efficient wireless networks. _IEEE Commun. Mag._**2011**, _49_, 46-54. [CrossRef]
* [PERSON] et al. (2012) [PERSON]; [PERSON]; [PERSON]; [PERSON]; [PERSON] A survey of green mobile networks: Opportunities and challenges. _Mob. Netw. Appl._**2012**, _17_, 4-20.