# Estimating Eddy Dissipation Rate with QAR Flight Big Data
## 2 Data and Methodology  
### QAR Data  
Since 1 January 1998, CAAC mandated all aircrafts to install QAR or equivalent equipment. QAR data have been broadly collected and widely used in the field, including flight quality monitoring, flight process visual simulation re-emergence, aircraft maintenance, and accident investigation. It contains thousands of parameters related to a flight process, but we only chose several of them, including dates (Date), time (TIME_R), flight phase (FLIGHT_PHASE), standard air pressure altitude (ALT_STD), corrected sea pressure altitude (ALT_QNH), radio altitude (RALT1), vertical overload (VRTG), longitude (LONP), latitude (LATP), and vertical acceleration (VRTG).  
In this study, we used the QAR data provided by China Academy of Civil Aviation Science and Technology ranging from 1 January 2016 to 31 December 2018. QAR data of each flight are recorded in individual data tables. Two types of aircrafts, Airbus and Boeing airplanes, achieved these flights. They are featured with distinctive configurations, even QAR data of different items. Within the raw QAR data, more than 1000 properties related to flight and aircraft are recorded. However, we picked 14 of them for the following calculations. The QAR samples are as presented in Table 2, and the attributes are explained in Table 3.  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c c c c c c} \hline \hline
**UTC\_MIN\_SEC** & **IAS** & **VRTG** & **RALT** & **PITCH** & **IVV** & **ROLL** & **AOAL** & **AOAR** & **MACH** & **LATP** & **LONP** & **WIN\_SPD** & **WIN\_DIR** \\ \hline
0:20:24 & 142 & 1.004 & 1139 & 3.9 & \(-\)921 & 0 & 19.3 & 0 & 0.285 & 29.3847 & 100.034 & 15 & 198.3 \\ \hline
0:20:25 & 142 & 0.984 & 1133 & 3.9 & \(-\)892 & 0 & 19.3 & 0 & 0.284 & 29.384 & 100.0346 & 16 & 197.6 \\ \hline
0:20:26 & 142 & 0.984 & 1120 & 3.9 & \(-\)864 & 0 & 19.3 & 0 & 0.283 & 29.3833 & 100.0346 & 16 & 197.6 \\ \hline
0:20:27 & 142 & 0.977 & 1112 & 3.9 & \(-\)870 & \(-\)0.35 & 19 & 0 & 0.284 & 29.3826 & 100.0346 & 16 & 197.6 \\ \hline
0:20:28 & 142 & 0.949 & 1102 & 3.9 & \(-\)896 & \(-\)0.35 & 18.6 & 0 & 0.284 & 29.3819 & 100.0353 & 16 & 197.6 \\ \hline
0:20:29 & 142 & 0.957 & 1097 & 3.9 & \(-\)917 & \(-\)0.35 & 19 & 0 & 0.283 & 29.3812 & 100.0353 & 17 & 199.7 \\ \hline
0:20:30 & 141 & 0.965 & 1081 & 4.2 & \(-\)919 & 0 & 19.3 & 0 & 0.282 & 29.3802 & 100.0353 & 17 & 199.7 \\ \hline
0:20:31 & 140 & 0.984 & 1038 & 4.2 & \(-\)909 & 0.35 & 19.3 & 0 & 0.281 & 29.3795 & 100.036 & 17 & 199.7 \\ \hline
0:20:32 & 140 & 0.984 & 1012 & 4.2 & \(-\)901 & 0.35 & 19.7 & 0 & 0.28 & 29.3788 & 100.036 & 17 & 199.7 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}
Table 2: Quick access recorder (QAR) samples for EDR estimation.  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c} \hline \hline
**Field Name** & **Interpretation** & **Unit** \\ \hline IAS & Indicated Airspeed & m/s \\ VRTG & Vertical acceleration & g \\ RALT & Radio altitude & feet \\ PITCH & Control column position & degree \\ IVV & Instantaneous lifting velocity & feet/min \\ ROLL & Control wheel position & degree \\ AOAL & Angle of attack left & degree \\ AOAR & Angle of attack right & degree \\ HEIGHT & Height & feet \\ MACH & Mach Number & - \\ LATP & Present Positon Latitude & degree \\ LONP & Present Position Longitude & degree \\ WIN\_SPDR & Wind speed FMC & knot \\ WIN\_DIR & Wind Direction computed & knot \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}
Table 3: Parameters in the QAR data used for EDR estimation.