## 3 Results  
The intra- and interclass correlation coefficient (ICC) ranged from 0.83 to 0.98, showing excellent intra-and interobserver reliability. At T0, TMJSs were significantly greater in SS than in AS and PS. The ratio of AS to SS to PS was 1.0 to 1.5 to 1.1. TMJSs were significantly greater in MS and CS than in LS. The ratio of MS to CS to LS was 1.0 to 1.0 to 0.8. All TMJSs in males were significantly greater in females except in PS. TMJSs on the left side were significantly greater than on the right side only in PS. TMJSs were not significantly different depending on the SN-MP, number of surgery sites, and amount of setback (Table 1). From T0 to T4, there were no significant changes in TMJSs or their ratios according to gender, side, SN-MP, number of surgery sites, and amount of setback (Tables 2-7). Exceptionally, at T4, SS and CS were significantly greater in the small amount of setback group than in the large amount of setback group (Table 7). \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c c c c} \hline \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Variables**} & \multicolumn{8}{c}{**Mean \(\pm\) Standard Deviation and Ratio**} \\ \hline
**CBCT** & **TMJS** & **Side** & **T0 (n = 52)** & **T1 (n = 52)** & **T2 (n = 52)** & **T3 (n = 52)** & **T4 (n = 14)** & \(p\) \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{\
\begin{tabular}{} \end{tabular} } & \multirow{4}{*}{AS (mm)} & Left (n = 26, T4 = 7) & 1.58 \(\pm\) 0.80 & 1.63 \(\pm\) 0.89 & 1.77 \(\pm\) 1.06 & 1.70 \(\pm\) 0.79 & 1.70 \(\pm\) 0.57 & 0.949 \\ \cline{2-9}  & \multirow{2}{*}{AS (mm)} & Right (n = 26, T4 = 7) & 1.28 \(\pm\) 0.33 & 1.51 \(\pm\) 0.54 & 1.78 \(\pm\) 0.98 & 1.50 \(\pm\) 0.71 & 1.58 \(\pm\) 0.48 & 0.134 \\ \cline{2-9}  & \multirow{2}{*}{SS (mm)} & \(p\) & 0.085 & 0.565 & 0.988 & 0.336 & 0.671 & \\ \cline{2-9}  & & Left (n = 26, T4 = 7) & 2.29 \(\pm\) 0.81 & 2.33 \(\pm\) 0.72 & 2.31 \(\pm\) 0.85 & 2.42 \(\pm\) 0.87 & 2.44 \(\pm\) 0.64 & 0.970 \\ \cline{2-9}  & \multirow{2}{*}{SS (mm)} & Right (n = 26, T4 = 7) & 2.14 \(\pm\) 0.97 & 2.20 \(\pm\) 0.86 & 2.28 \(\pm\) 0.94 & 2.20 \(\pm\) 0.72 & 2.00 \(\pm\) 0.42 & 0.944 \\ \cline{2-9}  & \multirow{2}{*}{
\begin{tabular}{} \end{tabular} } & \(p\) & 0.543 & 0.543 & 0.925 & 0.307 & 0.157 & \\ \cline{2-9}  & & Left (n = 26, T4 = 7) & 1.77 \(\pm\) 0.44 & 1.76 \(\pm\) 0.46 & 1.68 \(\pm\) 0.52 & 1.73 \(\pm\) 0.52 & 1.66 \(\pm\) 0.39 & 0.945 \\ \cline{2-9}  & \multirow{2}{*}{PS (mm)} & Right (n = 26, T4 = 7) & 1.34 \(\pm\) 0.36 & 1.30 \(\pm\) 0.38 & 1.37 \(\pm\) 0.32 & 1.33 \(\pm\) 0.47 & 1.48 \(\pm\) 0.26 & 0.843 \\ \cline{2-9}  & & \(p\) & 0.000 *** & 0.000 *** & 0.012 * & 0.005 ** & 0.336 & \\ \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 4: Comparison of temporomandibular joint space (TMJS) changes throughout the treatment stages (T0–T4) according to side. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c c c c c} \hline \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Variables**} & \multicolumn{8}{c}{**Mean \(\pm\) Standard Deviation**} \\ \hline
**CBCT** & **TMJS** & **T0** & **Ratio** & **T1** & **Ratio** & **T2** & **Ratio** & **T3** & **Ratio** & **T4** & **Ratio** & **\(p\)** \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{ \begin{tabular}{} \end{tabular}  } & MS & \multirow{4}{*}{AS (mm)} & Male (n = 22, T4 = 10) & 1.68 \(\pm\) 0.80 & 1.85 \(\pm\) 0.91 & 1.91 \(\pm\) 0.85 & 1.68 \(\pm\) 0.78 & 1.63 \(\pm\) 0.60 & 0.784 \\ \cline{2-9}  & Female (n = 30, T4 = 4) & 1.25 \(\pm\) 0.38 & 1.36 \(\pm\) 0.48 & 1.68 \(\pm\) 1.