## 7 Applications
Subsequently, the extracted analytes were desorbed from the FPSE membrane with methanol. Experimental conditions were studied to optimize variables such as pH, adsorption time, and desorption solvent. Using the optimal conditions, analytical parameters such as linearity ranges, detection limits, and preconcentration factors for each of the selected parabens were calculated from experimental data. The limit of detection (LOD) values for MP, PP, and BP were calculated as 2.85, 2.98, and 2.75 ng mL\({}^{-1}\), respectively. Finally, the developed method was applied to cosmetic and environmental samples. [PERSON] et al. in 2019 [49] developed a high-efficiency and solvent minimized microextraction technique, fabric phase sorptive extraction followed by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry analysis for the rapid determination of four organophosphorus pesticides (terbufos, malathion, chlorporyifos, and triazofos) in vegetable samples including beans, tomato, brinjal, and cabbage. The most important fabric phase sorptive extraction parameters were investigated and optimized. Under optimum experimental conditions, the limits of detection were found in the range of 0.033 to 0.136 ng/g. Three different sol-gel sorbent coated FPSE membranes were evaluated, including sol-gel Carbowax 20 M (sol-gel CW 20 M), sol-gel poly(tetrahydrofuran) (sol-gel PTHF), and sol-gel poly(dimethylsiloxane) (sol-gel PDMS). Sol-gel CW 20 M coated FPSE membrane was selected as the suitable FPSE membrane for the selected OPPs. [PERSON] et al. in 2019 [50] developed a new method which coupled FPSE with ion mobility spectrometry (IMS) for the rapid detection of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in water present in the field. Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) was coated on the glass fiber cloth through a sol-gel reaction. After extracting the PAHs in water, the fabric coated PDMS could be directly put into the inlet of IMS instrument for thermal desorption. The PAHs were analyzed by the IMS instrument operated in the positive ion mode with a corona discharge (CD) ionization source. The primary parameters affecting extraction efficiency such as extraction time, extraction temperature, and ionic strength were investigated and optimized by using phenanthrene (Phe), benzo[a]anthracene (BaA), and benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) as model compounds. Under the optimal conditions, the FPSE-IMS detection limits were 5 ng mL\({}^{-1}\), 8 ng mL\({}^{-1}\), and 10 ng mL\({}^{-1}\), respectively. Satisfactory recoveries were obtained ranging from 80.5% to 100.5%, making the method of FPSE-IMS applicable for the monitoring the water quality on-site, and thus providing early warning in the field. [PERSON] et al. in 2019 [51] developed and validated a rapid extraction and clean-up method using selective fabric phase sorptive extraction combined with gas chromatography and mass spectrometry for the determination of broad polarity spectrum emerging pollutants, ethyl paraben, butyl paraben, diethyl phthalate, dibutyl phthalate, lidocaine, prilocaine, triclosan, and bisphenol A in various aqueous samples. Some important parameters of fabric phase sorptive extraction such as extraction time, matrix pH, stirring speed, type, and volume of desorption solvent were investigated and optimized. Under the optimum conditions, the limits of detection were in the range 0.009-0.021 ng/mL. Recoveries ranged from 93 to 99%. The developed method was applied for the determination of the emerging contaminants in tap water, municipal water, ground water, sewage water, and sludge water samples. Three different FPSE sorbent coatings were comparatively studied: sol-gel CW20M (polar), sol-gel PTHF (medium polar), and sol-gel C18 (nonpolar). Sol-gel CW20M-coated FPSE provided the optimum results. The most recent application comes from [PERSON] et al. [52].