## 3 Analysis and Results
### Visualization Analysis of Research Institutions  
As shown in Table 3. The institutions with the largest number of collaborative publications are the University of Michigan and the University of Michigan System, each with 15 published articles. This indicates that both institutions are highly active in the field of construction robotics and hold significant positions within the domain. In particular, the University of Michigan, as the top-ranking institution, has undoubtedly played a central role in advancing construction robotics technology and related fields. As shown in Figure 2. From the co-authorship network, it is clear that there is a strong collaboration between the University of Michigan and the University of Michigan System, suggesting that they have a close working relationship and jointly contribute to the progression of related research. The University of Hong Kong, with 10 publications, ranks third. This institution is also highly active in the construction robotics field, with especially significant influence in the Asian region. The University of Hong Kong collaborates extensively with other Asian universities, such as Hong Kong Polytechnic University, which is likely related to its research direction in the application of construction robotics, particularly in the context of the Hong Kong construction industry and its surrounding areas. Hanyang University, with eight publications, ranks fourth. The research from this institution holds an important place in the construction robotics field in Korea and the broader Asian region, and it may have been involved in several multinational collaborative projects. The Technical University of Munich, with seven published articles, ranks fifth. As one of Germany's representative academic institutions, it possesses a strong research foundation and practical capabilities in the study of construction robotics. From the co-authorship network, it is evident that the Technical University of Munich collaborates with the Swiss Federal Institutes of Technology Domain and ETH Zurich, highlighting its academic prominence within the European construction robotics field. The influence in the field of institutions such as the Swiss Federal Institutes of Technology Domain, Pennsylvania State University, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, ETH Zurich, and the Pennsylvania Commonwealth System of Higher Education (PCSHE), each with six published articles, may not be as large as that of the top institutions, but they still hold significant positions in the academic research. From the distribution of the number of publications and the collaboration networks, it is evident that construction robotics research is showing a clear trend toward internationalization [32]. Leading research institutions are spread across North America, Europe, and Asia, contributing to a global research landscape. In conclusion, the dominance of the University of Michigan in publication output aligns with its historical focus on human-robot collaboration. However, the sparse cross-border collaborations contrast sharply with the globalized research and development trends in manufacturing robotics. This paradox suggests that construction robotics remains siloed by regional policy barriers despite its technical potential for global scalability. To address this, we propose adopting open innovation frameworks to incentivize knowledge sharing across institutions. These institutions' work has not only had a profound impact within academia, but has also driven technological advancements and applications within the industry. With the continuous development of construction robotics technology, the importance of regional cooperation networks is increasing. Notably, the close collaboration between research institutions in Asia, Europe, and North America is facilitating the integration and progress of cross-national technologies in this field.