## 5 Discussion
### Main Trends and Concerns
Employees in this interpersonal setting will be in charge of a greater number of processes; thus, in order to handle any disruptions and come up with solutions, they must be able to comprehend the connections between various processes, information flows, and technological specifics. It takes a more active and domain-relevant set of skills to accomplish this effectively. The workforce of the future will require highly developed analytical abilities, a foundational understanding of statistics and data analysis techniques, and the capacity to evaluate whether systems and subsystems are operating as intended while interacting with them via suitable interfaces [89]. The second challenge is creating the infrastructure required to integrate Industry 4.0 technology into contemporary logistics. Logistics procedures, which may involve transportation outside the confines of a manufacturing or storage site, require an infrastructure that is both adaptable and scalable and offers the networking and communication tools required [90]. Even though sensors and actuators are relatively simple hardware components, creating a cooperative and fully functional Industry 4.0 ecosystem is a challenging task, particularly when it comes to autonomous logistics and visibility, network node interoperability, successful integration that is free from errors and conflicts in the logistics business environment, and processing the information gathered to create useful decision support. Cloud computing, which provides the required level of flexibility and scalability to any installation, is by definition the technological foundation of all Logistics 4.0 installations, even though it is not usually stated as such in the literature. When demand grows and additional processing power is needed, a well-planned cloud-based solution along with a well-thought-out growth strategy from a technological and financial standpoint could avoid needless turbulence and delays. Simultaneously, if well-engineered, it may ensure seamless and economical integration with recently introduced devices and applications, as well as excellent data flow management and analysis. The third challenge concerns the adoption and development of technology, which is currently hindered or postponed due to insufficient legislative frameworks, insufficient standardization initiatives, and a lack of a comprehensive security strategy for Industry 4.0 facilities [91]. Logistics systems face an extremely difficult task as a result of the security concerns of Industry 4.0. A hostile third party can use the several hundred access points found in even the most typical smart distribution center to pose a serious threat. In addition to causing financial damage and consumer misery, a basic malware attack can also cause accidents or even deaths if it targets large automation. A solid basis for future standardization efforts for security in the Industry 4.0 era is provided by established standards like ISO/IEC 27000 [92] for information security and IEC-62443 [93] for cybersecurity [94]. To address the security concerns that have an impact on the technology's global adoption and application rates, further work must be conducted. One may argue that the industrial community is far from accomplishing standardized goals if they were to deviate from the norm regarding security in technical implementation, management, and interoperability standards. Industry 4.0 is now in terrible shape, and individual efforts, even those that rely on best practices, fail to produce implemented solutions that are resilient, scalable, and reliable. In any case, it is always true that the integration of Industry 4.0 technologies in logistics is not only about adopting new technologies but also about transforming the way your company operates. It requires a strategic approach and a clear understanding of the company's needs and capabilities. **RQ2**.