## 4 Discussion  
In the current study, 6.5% of crude polysaccharides were successfully extracted from the aerial part of _Clematis flammula_ (CFPS) by water extraction and the alcohol precipitation method. The recovery yield of polysaccharides obtained in the present work was similar to  
Figure 8: Effect of CFPS precotereatment on histology of myocardial tissue. Figure 7: Effect of CFPS on infarct area in control and experimental treated rats as determined by TTC. Values are expressed as mean \(\pm\) SD of eight rats in each group. * \(p<0.05\): controls vs. ISO. \({}^{\mathrm{V}}p<0.05\): CFPS + ISO or Pid + ISO vs. ISO. that reported for _Clematis huchouensis_ Tamura (6.94%) [22], but higher than that of those extracted from _Camellia oleifera_ (1.8%) [52] and pistachio external hull (4.10%) [53]. However, the obtained yield in the current study was lower than that obtained by [PERSON] et al. [54] for acidic polysaccharides from _Citrus grandis_. The observed differences could be due to the effect of various procedures for storing, drying, and extracting samples [55]. The uronic acid content of the polysaccharides was estimated to be 17.81, demonstrating NaCl concentration dependency [55]. As described in the previous section for the FT-IR analysis, the footprint of CFPS showed characteristic bands corresponding to O-H stretching vibrations of both carbohydrates and water [56], stretching and bending vibrations of C-H (CH, CH\({}_{2}\), and CH\({}_{3}\)) forms [57], vibrations of carboxylate overlapping with glucoside/glucuron traces, and stretching of C\(-\)C of carbohydrates. The presence of pyran rings in the polysaccharide structure has been previously confirmed [58, 59], as well as \(\beta\)-glycosidic bond deformation and possible \(\alpha\)-glycosidic linkages [60]. The result for the monosaccharide content showed remarkable variation as compared to values seen in the literature, which could be due to the extraction/purification methodologies. It is important to bring to attention that, up to now, studies on the purification, characterization, and biological activities of polysaccharides from the genus _Clematis_ have been very limited. Other monosaccharides were extracted from _Aconitum_ species belonging to the same family of Ranunculaceae [42]. Thus, heteropolysaccharides composed of glucose and arabinose were observed in _Aconitum coreanum_[42]. A water-soluble polysaccharide composed of glucose monomers was isolated from _Aconitum armichaeli_[61]. The observed cardiac hypertrophy in vivo was a consequence of necrosis of cardiac muscle fibers induced by inflammatory cells following the acute phase of myocardial infarction, as has been reported by [PERSON] et al. [62]. ISO-treated rats showed significant modifications in the ECG pattern, indicators of myocardial infarction [50]. The toxic effect could be attributed to the lesion of the cell membrane myocardium [63]. In addition, CFPS has restored the change in heart weight. The effect of CFPS was to reduce the edematous space in the heart and preserve the myocardium membrane integrity. The plasma troponins T as well as CK, CK-MB, and LDH were elevated in ISO-treated rats, which agrees with previous findings [62, 63, 64]. The release of these cardiac biomarkers is a result of the death of myocardial cells and/or a change in membrane permeability [65, 66]. The present findings reveal that the combination with CFPS diminished the quantity of these parameters in plasma. The ameliorative role of CFPS extract was probably due to the improvement in the cardiac membrane structure, thereby reducing the release of these biomarkers into the circulation. Similarly, [PERSON] et al. [67] showed that a heteropolysaccharides ride (named CALB-3) extracted from _Fructus aurantii_ was able to reduce the level of serum cardiac enzymes and enhance histological damage following myocardial injury in vivo. The histopathology studies of the cardiac tissue using H&E staining were carried out to further support the biochemical results.