## 1 Introduction  
### Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs)  
Drones, also known as unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), have gained increasing popularity due to their wide range of applications. These aircraft can vary in size and complexity, from small, lightweight devices to larger systems equipped with advanced technology. Drones possess the capability to perform diverse tasks and are being utilized across various industries and sectors [1]. One of the primary advantages of drones is their ability to access and navigate areas that are challenging or perilous for humans. In search-and-rescue operations, drones can locate missing persons in remote or hazardous locations, providing critical aid to rescue teams. Drones equipped with thermal cameras and infrared sensors can detect heat signatures, making them invaluable tools in emergency situations [2].  
The agricultural sector has also harnessed the potential of drones. By utilizing sensors and imaging technology, drones can monitor crops, detect crop health, and provide precise information on irrigation needs. This allows farmers to optimize their crop yield, minimize resource usage, and enhance overall crop management. Drones equipped with spraying systems can also be employed for targeted pesticide application, reducing the need for manual labor and minimizing environmental impact [3].  
Drones have found extensive use in the commercial sector, particularly in the delivery industry. Companies like Amazon and UPS are actively exploring the use of drones for package delivery, offering the potential to significantly reduce delivery times and costs. Moreover, drones have demonstrated their efficacy in infrastructure inspections, such as monitoring pipelines, power lines, and bridges. They can conduct visual inspections and collect data without requiring expensive equipment or posing risks to human lives [4].  
In the media and entertainment industry, drones have revolutionized aerial cinematography [1]. Equipped with high-resolution cameras and stabilizing technology, drones have expanded creative possibilities for filmmakers and photographers by capturing stunning aerial footage and providing unique perspectives in film production, sports coverage, and event photography [1].  
However, as the prevalence of drones increases, comprehensive research and regulatory frameworks are necessary to ensure their safe and efficient integration into the global airspace. Critical considerations such as privacy, security, and airspace management need to be addressed to prevent misuse and ensure public safety. The development of technical requirements and standards for drone design and operation is vital to minimize the risk of accidents and collisions with other aircraft [5].  
Regulatory bodies and aviation authorities worldwide are actively working on implementing guidelines and regulations for drone operations, including the Federal Aviation Administration in the US. These regulations encompass drone registration, pilot certification, flight restrictions, and airspace coordination. The establishment of clear rules and standards enables effective mitigation of potential risks associated with drone operations while harnessing their benefits [6]. However, to ensure their safe and efficient integration into the global airspace, further research is required to establish robust regulatory frameworks and technical requirements so that each country and each sector might benefit from drones. Through such efforts, drones can be effectively integrated, unlocking their full potential for the betterment of society [7; 8; 9].