## 3 Results  
Table 1 shows the average composition of the whole blood for all donors and the average PRP composition for each of the three systems examined in this study. While Harvest PRP is \"red\", indicating a significant concentration of red blood cells, Eclipse and EmCyte PRPs are \"white\", indicating minimum RBC content. In terms of platelet concentration compared to whole blood, EmCyte PRP had the highest concentration while Eclipse PRP had the lowest concentration from the three PRPs. Figure 1 shows representative voltage and current waveforms for the two PEF waveforms used in this study for electrical stimulation: PEF A (peak voltage \(\sim\)4.3 kV and pulse duration 2 us) and PEF F (peak voltage \(\sim\)3.5 kV and pulse duration 5 us). Figures 2-4 show the release of epidermal growth factor (EGF), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), respectively. For each type of PRP, growth factors are presented for PEFs A and F compared to negative control (no activation) and positive control (activation with bovine thrombin). Also, growth factor release for whole blood under baseline (no activation) and bovine thrombin activation are included for comparison. Figure 1: Representative voltage and current waveforms for pulsed electric field conditions (**a**) peak voltage \(\sim\)4.3 kV and pulse duration 2 μs (PEF A) and (**b**) peak voltage \(\sim\)3.5 kV and pulse duration 5 μs (PEF F). Electric stimulation of PRP used a single electric pulse. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c} \hline \hline  & **Average** & **Concentration Ratio (Compared to Whole Blood)** \\ \hline
**Whole Blood** & & \\ WBC (\(\times 10^{9}\) L\({}^{-1}\)) & 7.0 \(\pm\) 1.26 & \\ RBC (\(\times 10^{12}\) L\({}^{-1}\)) & 4.06 \(\pm\) 0.78 & \\ HCT (\%) & 35.4 \(\pm\) 6.70 & \\ PLT (\(\times 10^{9}\) L\({}^{-1}\)) & 358 \(\pm\) 94 & \\
**Harvest** & & \\ WBC (\(\times 10^{9}\) L\({}^{-1}\)) & 10.8 \(\pm\) 9.30 & 1.5 \(\pm\) 1.28 \\ RBC (\(\times 10^{12}\) L\({}^{-1}\)) & 0.86 \(\pm\) 0.41 & 0.21 \(\pm\) 0.09 \\ HCT (\%) & 6.9 \(\pm\) 2.42 & 0.19 \(\pm\) 0.09 \\ PLT (\(\times 10^{9}\) L\({}^{-1}\)) & 1242 \(\pm\) 361 & 3.8 \(\pm\) 0.54 \\
**Eclipse** & & \\ WBC (\(\times 10^{9}\) L\({}^{-1}\)) & 1.8 \(\pm\) 1.11 & 0.3 \(\pm\) 0.13 \\ RBC (\(\times 10^{12}\) L\({}^{-1}\)) & 0.05 \(\pm\) 0.06 & 0.01 \(\pm\) 0.02 \\ HCT (\%) & 0.3 \(\pm\) 0.42 & 0.02 \(\pm\) 0.01 \\ PLT (\(\times 10^{9}\) L\({}^{-1}\)) & 662 \(\pm\) 480 & 2.0 \(\pm\) 1.18 \\
**EmCyte** & & \\ WBC (\(\times 10^{9}\) L\({}^{-1}\)) & 17.5 \(\pm\) 6.50 & 2.5 \(\pm\) 0.63 \\ RBC (\(\times 10^{12}\) L\({}^{-1}\)) & 0.20 \(\pm\) 0.09 & 0.05 \(\pm\) 0.02 \\ HCT (\%) & 1.5 \(\pm\) 0.58 & 0.04 \(\pm\) 0.02 \\ PLT (\(\times 10^{9}\) L\({}^{-1}\)) & 2014 \(\pm\) 608 & 5.8 \(\pm\) 0.80 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 1: Composition of whole blood, Harvest platelet rich plasma (PRP), Eclipse PRP and EmCyte PRP composition averaged for all four donors with uncertainty determined using standard deviation. WBC = white blood cells; RBC = red blood cells; HCT = hematocrit; PLT = platelets. Figure 2: EGF release for: whole blood (WB)—no activation and bovine thrombin (BT) activation; Harvest PRP (no activation, bovine thrombin—BT-activation, and activation using electric stimulation, with pulses A and F); Eclipse PRP (no activation, bovine thrombin—BT-activation, and activation using electric stimulation with pulses A and F); EmCyte PRP (no activation, bovine thrombin—BT-activation, and activation using electric stimulation with pulses A and F). Note that there is no Donor, 3 data for Eclipse.