## 3 Methodology of the Integrated Smart Energy Management System  
The smart energy management system (SEMS), as shown in Figure 1, is a dataflow of energy consumption, generation data, between SCADA, SCADA back up for redundancy, the database, and the supervision dashboard, which shows the forecasted and predicted energy profile and demand response of the different components of the open-pit mine electrical grid. It detects all anomalous equipment and its placement using a geographical information system for easy and direct maintenance [4].  
In such a system, cybersecurity management ranks highly and has a critical priority because of the flow of energy. A cyberattack can generate false data and falsify the algorithm to give wrong decisions that can risk insufficient energy management, low indicators, false anomalies alarms, and even blackout, so to maintain an online SEMS, a cybersecurity strategy must be implemented and always maintained [3].  
Figure 1 represents a general schematic of different components of the SMES on which we based the design of the open-pit mine system solution. The next step was to choose the methodology.  
According to ISO 50001 standard [2], which is the guide to design energy management systems respecting specific requirements, the use of the methodology, plan-do-check-act (PDCA) has shown satisfying results to achieve continuous improvement. Figure 2 shows the general PDCA cycle of different SEMS goals [5].  
In the plan phase, the SEMS will be designed to achieve the main objective which is minimizing the energy consumption and sending alarms whenever an abnormal consumption is detected. It must share in real time the energy data of different stages of the open-pit mine. It gives insights on the energy policy and help energy managers to have better decisions. In the do phase, the system must have interactive views that communicate with different open-pit components and stakeholders, by sharing data, alarms, insights and reports and aware them, those alarms can operate and control directly the system if there is a critical anomaly detection [8; 17]. In the act phase, the stakeholders can review the SEMS and decide new energy efficiency goals to improve the system. In the check phase, the stakeholders, and principally the energy managers, can check and analyze the SEMS, monitoring system, predictions and generated reports. They must use those reports as an input for maintenance planning and preparing internal energy audits.  
After having a general view of the PDCA methodology, we must define how can this approach increases the profitability. Figure 3 describes the steps required to apply the methodology, by raising the energy consumption awareness of the open-pit stakeholders, then starts a full internal audit on the different equipment and classifies them into the plant benchmarks. After completing the planning phase, we must identify the top opportunities and risks using of the existent state, to make the project implementation more reliable and complete the do phase. All generated reports and feedbacks based on acquired and processed data are used to check the performance of the system. After revising and  
Figure 1: A smart energy management system general schematic.  
analyzing reports, the energy manager prepares the budget of the energy consumption and adds more ISO tasks answering the feedbacks of all SEMS stakeholders, to improve continuously the system and recreate the awareness strategy [5].