## 2 Literature Survey
The node density increases in case of higher number of nodes in ADAV and remains affected in DSDV experiment. The minimum value of routing overhead and number of hops count shows better performance. However, the maximum value of node density and number of packets received indicates better performance. Simulation results proved that DSDV achieves the minimum routing overhead and the maximum number of packets received. However, AODV achieved the maximum node density and minimum number of hops. In [7], the impacts of variations in QoS parameter were studied and analyzed, combined with the choice of routing protocol, for network performance. The network performance is measured by calculating the average throughput, packed delivery ratio (PDR), average jitter and energy consumption. The simulation was carried out in NS-3 and DSDV and AODV routing protocols have been assessed. The paper compared the two routing protocols and designed the simulation, based on different factors, such as network size, number of nodes, number of sources, move speed, pause time, initial energy, packet type and packet length. The paper had two simulation scenarios: impact of network size on performance of routing protocols and impact of mobility on performance of routing protocols. DSDV performed less efficiently than AODV in the performance, measured by throughout and energy consumption and the second scenario concluded that AODV routing protocol achieves better throughput and DSDV routing protocol consumes less energy. In [8], the authors introduce a study to evaluate several MANET routing protocols, while concentrating on metrics such as throughput, average end-to-end delay, packet delivery ratio (PDR) and nodes' residual energy. The procedures that were evaluated were ZRP (hybrid), DSDV (proactive) and AODV and DSR (reactive). The results showed that AODV had excellent throughput efficiency, which qualified it for use in large networks with significant data transmission requirements. On the other hand, ZRP showed instability with high packet drop rates and varying PDR values, even while it consumed a lot of energy and might extend network lifespan. Because DSDV is proactive, it has the lowest end-to-end delay, which is advantageous for applications that are sensitive to delays, such as streaming. The investigation demonstrates that reactive protocols perform better than their proactive and hybrid counterparts, with AODV and DSR outperforming ZRP and DSDV. This literature highlights the critical trade-offs in protocol selection, emphasizing the importance of matching protocol characteristics to specific network requirements. In [9], the authors present an investigation for the routing protocols and their accompanying issues, with a particular emphasis on disaster management applications. It emphasizes the importance of efficient and robust communication in MANETs, underlining their important role in emergency and rescue operations. Various routing protocols, including AODV, DSR, OLSR and TORA were examined and had efficiency evaluated in terms of protocol complexity, overhead and end-to-end delay. This research makes a substantial contribution by identifying fundamental challenges relating to data security and integrity, which are still major concerns in MANET deployments. The study provides a valuable overview of cutting-edge routing systems, including insights into existing research issues, and suggests areas for further investigation. This includes investigating the integration of MANETs with emerging technologies like fog and cloud computing and the use of multi-objective and heuristic algorithms to improve network performance in smart city contexts. This literature not only advances our understanding of MANET routing protocols, but it also lays the groundwork for future research aimed at tackling the dynamic and complicated character of these networks. The aim of this work can be summarized as follows  
1.