# Augmented Reality's Impact in Industry--A Scoping Review
## 4 Discussion
### RQ3--What Software/Plugin Has Been Used for the Development of the Published Projects? The dominance of Unity Engine and Vuforia in AR application development for Industry 4.0 highlights their versatility and extensive support networks. Unity Engine's ability to create AR experiences across multiple platforms (smartglasses, smartphones, etc. ), combined with its extensive community support and resources, makes it a preferred choice for developers [74]. Furthermore, its compatibility with other plugins like Vuforia enables the development of sophisticated AR applications tailored to various hardware devices [75]. Vuforia, recognized for its robust marker-based tracking capabilities and seamless integration with Unity, has become a near-standard tool for AR development. Other notable plugins that complement Unity Engine for multi-platform export capabilities include Mixed Reality Toolkit [49], which works with devices like Microsoft HoloLens and Windows Mixed Reality, and AR Toolkit [60], which is used on iOS and Android platforms. ARKit specifically leverages the advanced hardware of Apple devices, such as LiDAR sensors, enabling precise depth mapping and enhanced AR experiences [59]. Similarly, ARCore provides Android environmental understanding and motion tracking [50,76]. Despite these strengths, the platform exclusivity of ARKit and ARCore limits their adoption in cross-platform projects, a domain where Unity excels. Other software utilized for AR application development on smartphones includes device-specific options such as Dynamics 365 Guides [77] or HoloToolkit [78]. The choice of development software in other studies was driven by the specific needs of their proposed solutions. For instance, Google <model-viewer>was selected in a particular study for its compatibility with iOS and Android and its accessibility without the need to download an application, being web-accessible [79]. Other development software served as precursors to more established platforms. Google Tango, introduced in 2014, laid the groundwork for AR Core, which replaced it in 2017. AR Core inherited and expanded upon the functionalities of Google Tango, providing a more robust foundation for AR development [80]. A significant portion of the studies that do not specify the software used were projects designed for execution on smartphones [54,64]. From a practical perspective, the extensive use of Unity Engine and Vuforia raises questions about accessibility and scalability. The versatility and extensive support networks of these tools align closely with the principles of Industry 5.0, which prioritize adaptable solutions capable of addressing diverse industrial and human needs [81]. However, while Unity's cross-platform capabilities simplify development workflows, the costs associated with advanced licensing can be prohibitive for small- and medium-size enterprises [82]. Additionally, the steep learning curve for new developers may deter wider adoption. In contrast, device-specific tools like Microsoft's HoloToolkit and Dynamics 365 Guides offer advanced features optimized for smartglasses such as Hololens [77,78]. The trends in hardware adoption similarly reflect a preference for versatility and accessibility. Smartphones are the most commonly used devices for running AR applications, followed by smartphones (Figure 9). Smartphones and tablets are widely favored for education and training applications due to their affordability and accessibility, aligning with the inclusive and human-centric values of Industry 5.0 [83,84]. Smartglasses, on the other hand, are preferred in industrial settings where hands-free operation is essential, such as in maintenance and assembly tasks [46], reflecting the shift toward seamless human-machine collaboration, a fundamental principle of Industry 5.0 [16]. However, the high cost of advanced devices like HoloLens presents a barrier to widespread adoption, particularly in resource-limited settings [83]. Also, ergonomic implications are particularly relevant.