# Enhancing Resilience in Digital Twins: ASCON-Based Security Solutions for Industry 4.0
## 3 Proposed Solution
### Ditto Java Base Payload Mapping
Moving forward, future research should focus on the optimization and comprehensive validation of the proposed solution across various real-world scenarios, ensuring its enduring applicability and resilience in safeguarding critical infrastructures and beyond. Specifically, attention could be directed towards exploring the customization of lightweight encryption algorithms, such as ASCON, tailored for specific microprocessors like ESP32. This entails identifying CPU instructions requiring fewer cycles and replacing those in the reference implementation that demand more for the same operation. Additionally, there is a need to develop secure remote access control solutions specifically tailored for resource-constrained devices in Industry 4.0. A promising avenue for future work involves exploring the authenticated encryption with associated data (AEAD) family of lightweight algorithms, offering potential solutions for secure remote access to sensors and actuators deployed in industrial zones. By delving into these directions, researchers can further enhance the security landscape of Industry 4.0, ensuring the protection of critical infrastructures while adapting to the evolving demands of the digital era

Conceptualization, M.E.-H. and T.H.G. ; methodology, M.E.-H.; software, M.E.-H. and T.H.G. ; validation, M.E.-H. and T.H.G. ; formal analysis, M.E.-H. and T.H.G. ; investigation, M.E.-H.; resources, M.E.-H. and T.H.G. ; data curation, M.E.-H. and T.H.G. ; writing--original draft preparation, M.E.-H.; writing--review and editing, M.E.-H.; visualization, T.H.G. ; supervision, M.E.-H.; project administration, M.E.-H. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript. This research received no external funding. Data are contained within the article. The authors declare no conflict of interest. The following abbreviations are used in this manuscript: \begin{tabular}{l l} DT & Digital Twin \\ (I)IoT & (Industrial) Internet of Things \\ AES & Advanced Encryption of Standard \\ AES-GCM & AES-Galois Counter Mode \\ RSA & Rivest-Shamir-Adleman \\ SLR & Systematic Literature Review \\ RQ & Research Question \\ NIST & National Institute of Standards and Technology \\ CASEAR & Competition for Authenticated Encryption: Security, Applicability, and Robustness \\ OT & Operational Technology \\ IT & Information Technology \\ PICOC & Population, Intervention, Comparison, Output and Context \\ CPS & Cyber-Physical Systems \\ ACM & Association for Computing Machinery \\ SCADA & Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition \\ AI & Artificial Intelligence \\ ML & Machine Learning \\ DL & Deep Learning \\ NFV & Network Functions Virtualization \\ SDN & Software Defined Network \\ ICS & Industrial Control System \\ SG & Smart Grid \\ SAML & Security Assertion Markup Language \\ MQTT & Message Queuing Telemetry Transport \\ RFID & Radio Frequency Identification \\ GPIO & General Purpose Input/Output \\ UART & Universal Asynchronous Receiver-Transmitter \\ ESP-IDF & Expressive IoT Development Framework \\ AEAD & Authenticated Encryption with Associated Data \\ SSE & Server-Side Event \\ RAM & Random Access Memory \\ \end{tabular} 

## References

* [1] [PERSON] [PERSON] Digital Twin Enhanced Critical Infrastructure Life Cycle Security. In Proceedings of the 2023 IEEE Smart World Congress (SWC), Portsmouth, UK, 28-31 August 2023; pp. 1-3. * [2] [PERSON] [PERSON]; [PERSON] Securing Networks of IoT Devices With Digital Twins and Automated Adversary Emulation. In Proceedings of the 2022 26 th International Computer Science and Engineering Conference (ICSEC), Sakon Nakhon, Thailand, 21-23 December 2022; pp. 241-246. [CrossRef]
* [3] [PERSON]; [PERSON]; [PERSON]; [PERSON]; [PERSON]; [PERSON] Internet of things: Evolution, concerns and security challenges. _Sensors_**2021**, _21_, 1809. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
* [4] [PERSON] [PERSON]; [PERSON]; [PERSON]; [PERSON] Ascon v1.2: Lightweight Authenticated Encryption and Hashing. _J. Cryptol._**2021**, _34_, 33.