###### Abstract  
The rapid increase in soil salinization has impacted agricultural output and poses a threat to food security. There is an urgent need to focus on improving soil fertility and agricultural yield, both of which are severely influenced by abiotic variables such as soil salinity and sodicity. Abiotic forces have rendered one-third of the overall land unproductive. Microbes are the primary answer to the majority of agricultural production's above- and below-ground problems. In stressful conditions, proper communication between plants and beneficial microbes is critical for avoiding plant cell damage. Many chemical substances such as proteins and metabolites synthesized by bacteria and plants mediate communication and stress reduction. Metabolites such as amino acids, fatty acids, carbohydrates, vitamins, and lipids as well as proteins such as aquaporins and antioxidant enzymes play important roles in plant stress tolerance. Plant beneficial bacteria have an important role in stress reduction through protein and metabolite synthesis under salt stress. Proper genomic, proteomic and metabolomics characterization of proteins and metabolites' roles in salt stress mitigation aids scientists in discovering a profitable avenue for increasing crop output. This review critically examines recent findings on proteins and metabolites produced during plant-bacteria interaction essential for the development of plant salt stress tolerance. metabolite; omics; PGPB; plant-bacteria interactions; stress; soil salinity +
Footnote †: journal: Applied Sciences  
cereal crops, are glycopytes, which means they are sensitive to high concentrations of dissolved ions in the rhizosphere solution (e.g., \(>\)30 mM or \(>\)3.0 dSm\({}^{-1}\)). Soil salinization has a number of negative consequences to glycopytes including induced physiological and biochemical malfunctions, nutritional and different secondary (e.g., oxidative) disorders [3], as well as a reduced crop productivity, depending on salt concentration, exposure time, crop developmental stage, and environmental conditions (e.g., temperature, humidity, soil moisture, etc.). Soil salinization results in a combination of salt-induced multiple stresses cumulatively affecting plants. The reduced nutrient mobilization, hormonal instability, generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), ionic toxicity, and osmotic stress all contribute to reduced plant development under salinity stress (Figure 1). To solve the issue of excessive salinity, strategies such as conventional breeding, genetic engineering to create halotolerant transgenic plants, and chemical treatments are applied [4; 5]. Such solutions, however, are not always viable, and some may even have further negative effects on the soil ecology. As a result, researching and implementing environmentally acceptable solutions to manage excessive salinity is critical for agricultural systems. Since salt stress mitigation is conferred by many complex pathways, altering a gene or a set of genes may not serve the purpose of stress alleviation. The use of plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB) to elicit mechanisms increasing plant tolerance to salt stress has emerged as a viable strategy for improving plant adaptability and resource-use efficiency in hostile settings [1; 6; 7]. Plants' rhizosphere are home to a variety of microorganisms, some of which are capable of coping with salt stress. These halotolerant PGPB help plants to withstand saline environments through protein and metabolite production. The word \"metabolites\" refers to the low-molecular-weight (1000 Da) chemicals that play an important role in microbes and plant growth. PGPB produce a variety of proteins and metabolites such as ACC deaminase (ACCD), indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), antioxidants, extracellular polymeric substance (EPS), and volatile organic compounds (VOC) to mitigate  
Figure 1: Effects of salt stress on plant characteristics and the plant’s innate stress-response system.