# ITFDS: Channel-Aware Integrated Time and Frequency-Based Downlink LTE Scheduling in MANET
## 1 Introduction
MME is connected to a database called home subscriber server (HSS), which is a central database containing all the information like data rates required by the user, security keys of the users, etc. PDN gateway is the interface of the mobile to the external world as PCRF. Scheduling and resource allocation of uplinks and downlinks is performed in eNodeB. The resource allocation procedure is called scheduling process executed on MAC layer. 3 GPP has been involved to produce the scheduling process in LTE applications that allow the service provider to discover the appropriate scheduling procedure. The system management has been measured using the effective scheduling algorithm. Since 3 GPP released the updated standards beyond 15 to utilize with additional functionality, the new releases are more suitable for Industry 4.0 rather than the early development 5G versions [39]. The proposed LTE networks are constructed for improved coverage and infrastructure. They also support automatic connection through machine-to-machine (M2M) communication. LTE has improved mobile broadband communication, virtual reality and cloud-oriented services with peak data rates. It provides solutions for the connectivity problems occurring in several applications like smart cities, automated agriculture, transport system automation, the industry-based sensing grids, Internet of Things-related mines, energy-based industries, the construction field, machinery, airport automation, railway networks, robot-assisted hospitals and industry with closed loops. The shared spectrum models are used to allow building the integrated networks that are connected with Industry 4.0 through LTE models. ITU has established the reliable connectivity to maintain the communication. 5G technology is the next generation of 4G proposed as a standard for cellular networks in which the service area is divided into small geographical areas called cells. 5G user equipment connects to the telephone network and internet by radio waves through antennas in cells. The new network provides high bandwidth, allowing faster download speeds, eventually up to 10 Gbps, and offers a big advantage in Industry 4.0 but it is still in the research and development phase. Nowadays, just a small number of countries have deployed 5G successfully, while the rest are still using 4G or its predecessor, so that 4G LTE still has a big chance in Industry 4.0. The proposed method will be infrastructure for developing new methods applied for 5G networks in the future. In this paper, we propose a channel-aware integrated time and frequency-based downlinks LTE scheduling (ITFDS) algorithm. The proposed scheduling algorithm distributes resources to all users together in the time and frequency domains to reduce convolution. It works well for real-time flows and also maintains fairness among users. The new algorithm is experimentally validated against related ones. The main contributions of this paper are as follows:  
* Scheduling can be implemented using the propositional pair and throughput. It is used to compute the packet loss ratio and packet delay;
* The dynamic class-based establishment algorithm is used to solve the optimization problem for queue-based transmission;
* Scheduling is used to increase the network throughput by guaranteed rate for all devices;
* Time frequency LTE scheduling provides the temporal and utility fairness to achieve the required quality of service level;
* The proposed channel-aware integrated time and frequency-based downlink LTE scheduling algorithm is capable of both real-time and non-real-time applications;
* The optimization is achieved by providing the highest priority component with an urgent queue and scheduling process;Every user equipment packet is used for performing the scheduling process into the queue for transmission with the proposed LTE downlink scheduling technique;  
The performance analysis of the proposed algorithm is demonstrated in terms of packet delay, packet loss ratio, aggregated throughput and fairness index.