## 5 Comparative Analysis and Future Outlook  
### ADAS vs. Full Self-Driving (FSD) Systems  
The automotive industry is gradually transitioning from Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADASs) to Full Self-Driving (FSD) systems. This section compares these technologies, highlighting their capabilities, limitations, and performance in challenging conditions.  
Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADASs) have made substantial strides in enhancing vehicle safety and driver comfort, contributing to a more secure driving environment. These technologies, which include a range of functionalities, are designed to support the driver by automating certain aspects of vehicle operation while keeping the human driver in control. [PERSON] et al. [99] extensively reviewed ADAS functionalities, highlighting key features such as adaptive cruise control, lane-keeping assistance, and automatic emergency braking. Automatic emergency braking systems are designed to detect potential collisions and apply the brakes if the driver fails to respond in time, thereby preventing accidents or mitigating their severity.  
Autonomous driving technologies must balance safety and efficiency across diverse scenarios. Table 3 summarizes the challenges and solutions, highlighting environmental impacts like reduced visibility in adverse weather and sensor performance in complex traffic and emergencies. It details the use of various sensors fusion techniques and algorithms such as DeepWet-Net and YOLOv5. Testing in both simulated and real-world environments, supported by benchmark datasets like BDD100K, underscores the complexity of developing robust systems capable of handling these challenges.  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{l l l l l} \hline \hline
**Aspect** &
\begin{tabular}{l} **Adverse Weather** \\ **Conditions** \\ \end{tabular} & **Complex Traffic Scenarios** & **Emergency Maneuvers** & **Blind Spot Management** \\ \hline Environmental Challenges & & & & \\ \hline Key Scenarios & Heavy rain, snow, fog, glare & Pedestrian jaywalking, & & \\  & & & & \\  & & & \\  & & & \\  & & & \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}
Table 3: Comprehensive comparison of autonomous vehicle systems and technologies.  
In contrast, Full Self-Driving systems aim to operate vehicles without human intervention. [PERSON] et al. (2016) surveyed the current state of autonomous driving technologies, discussing the progress towards Level 4 and 5 automoines as defined by SAE International. They highlighted significant advancements in perception, planning, and control algorithms but also noted persistent challenges in handling edge cases and unpredictable scenarios.  
Both ADASs and FSD systems face challenges in adverse weather and complex traffic scenarios. [PERSON] et al. (2010) conducted a comparative study of ADASs and autonomous driving systems in various environmental conditions. While FSD systems generally outperform ADASs in ideal conditions, the gap narrows significantly in challenging scenarios, highlighting the need for further improvements in both technologies.  
The transition from ADASs to FSD systems raises important questions about human-machine interaction. [PERSON] et al. (2010) investigated driver behavior and trust in different levels of vehicle automation. They found that the clear communication of system capabilities and limitations is crucial for maintaining appropriate driver engagement and trust.