## 2 Related Work
#### Research Motivation and Identified Gaps  
This study's motivation arises from the need to address several persistent challenges in data caching within IoT networks, particularly those utilizing ICN. Existing methods, while innovative, have limitations that affect network efficiency, data freshness, cache management, and overall QoS. These gaps, highlighted in the existing literature, provided the impetus for our proposed method to tackle deficiencies in previous caching strategies. A primary challenge identified in prior works is balancing data freshness with caching efficiency. Studies by [PERSON] et al., [PERSON] and [PERSON] (2016), and [PERSON] and [PERSON] (2017) \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c} \hline \hline
**Author** & **Proposed Method** & **Advantage** & **Disadvantage** \\ \hline
**[PERSON] and** & Distributed probabilistic caching & & \\
**[PERSON]**([PERSON] et al., 2017) & strategy adjusting cache & & \\
**[PERSON]**([PERSON] et al., 2017) & probability by distance & & \\  & and freshness. & & \\ \hline
**[PERSON] and** & Consumer-driven caching in & & \\  & content-centric networking, & & \\
**[PERSON]**([PERSON] et al., 2017) & where consumers specify & & \\  & freshness level. & & \\ \hline
**[PERSON] and** & Probabilistic Caching Strategy & & \\
**[PERSON]**([PERSON] et al., 2017) & (Pcasting) in the IoT considering & & \\  & data freshness, battery level, and & & \\  & cache occupancy. & & \\ \hline
**[PERSON] and** & In-network caching for the IoT, & & \\
**[PERSON]**([PERSON] et al., 2019) & balancing communication costs & & \\  & with data freshness based on & & \\  & data lifetime. & & \\ \hline
**[PERSON] and** & Multi-Attribute Cache Decision & Enhances energy efficiency and & \\
**[PERSON]**([PERSON] et al., 2019) & Strategy (MACDS) for ICN-IoT & & \\  & considering energy, memory, & & \\  & freshness, and hops. & & \\ \hline
**[PERSON] and** & Freshness-focused caching for the & & \\
**[PERSON]**([PERSON] et al., 2019) & IoT with continuous data validity & & \\  & monitoring and reduced & & \\  & retrieval delays. & & \\ \hline
**[PERSON] and** & Enhanced Edge-Linked Caching & & \\
**[PERSON]**([PERSON] et al., 2019) & (ECLC) scheme using PPO for & & \\  & optimal cache placement based on & & \\  & content popularity. & & \\ \hline
**[PERSON] and** & Content replacement strategy for & & \\
**[PERSON]**([PERSON] et al., 2019) & ICN in the IoT, retaining essential & & \\  & data based on freshness and & & \\  & future requests. & & \\ \hline
**[PERSON] and [PERSON]**([PERSON] et al., 2019) & \begin{tabular}{c} Caching Algorithm based on \\ Random Forest (CARF) for low \\ earth orbit satellites, optimizing \\ cache placement. \\ \end{tabular} & \
\begin{tabular}{c} Reduces data access delay, \\ improving cache hit rates and \\ throughput in satellite \\ IoT networks. \\ \end{tabular} &
\begin{tabular}{c} Demands significant \\ computational resources and \\ precise satellite location data; \\ limited by resource constraints. \\ \end{tabular} \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 1: Advantages and disadvantages of the proposed methods. attempted to incorporate data freshness into their caching strategies, yet they often relied on static parameters or distance-based caching that did not fully capture real-time fluctuations in data validity. Our work addresses this gap by implementing dynamic data freshness calculations, enabling more precise caching decisions, and optimizing data relevancy across variable IoT traffic loads. Furthermore, solutions like those proposed by [PERSON] and [PERSON] [18] and [PERSON] and [PERSON] [20] introduced adaptive caching parameters, such as energy and memory. However, these approaches overlooked the cumulative impact of cache decision delays on network latency, leading to suboptimal performance in highly time-sensitive IoT environments. Our method seeks to mitigate latency without imposing excess computational load on network nodes by focusing on cache decision timeliness and utilizing a multi-criteria approach.