# Visual Perception of Peripheral Screen Elements: The Impact of Text and Background Colors
## 3 Results and Discussion  
In the peripheral screen area, the stimulus appeared in ten different text and background color combinations, as shown in Table 3. Some combinations had low contrast and were less legible, such as white text on a yellow background and black text on a blue background. These combinations received the fewest correct answers, and it was expected that such stimuli would not be quickly noticed. The percentage of correct answers refers to stimuli in the peripheral area that were accurately read, meaning the word, text color, and background color were all correctly identified. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{p{42.7 pt} p{42.7 pt} p{42.7 pt} p{42.7 pt} p{42.7 pt} p{42.7 pt} p{42.7 pt}} \hline \hline
**Text Color and Background Color Combination** & **Appearance of the Stimulus** & **Number of Occurrences** & **Number of Correct Answers** & **Percentage of Correct Answers** & **Average Active Duration of Stimulus** & **Standard Deviation** \\ \hline Text: White, Background: Blue & & 55 & 39 & 71\% & 1.376 s & 0.486 \\ \hline Text: White, Background: Black & & 60 & 40 & 67\% & 1.423 s & 0.476 \\ \hline Text: White, Background: Black & & 52 & 28 & 54\% & 1.465 s & 0.545 \\ \hline Text: White, Background: Red & & 53 & 35 & 66\% & 1.535 s & 0.493 \\ \hline Text: Black, Background: Red & & 44 & 23 & 52\% & 1.546 s & 0.494 \\ \hline Text: Black, Background: Yellow & & 52 & 33 & 63\% & 1.551 s & 0.534 \\ \hline Text: Black, Background: Green & & 59 & 27 & 46\% & 1.562 s & 0.457 \\ \hline Text: Black, Background: White & & 57 & 45 & 79\% & 1.571 s & 0.497 \\ \hline Text: Black, Background: Blue & & 47 & 13 & 28\% & 1.829 s & 0.597 \\ \hline Text: White, Background: Yellow & & 29 & 2 & 7\% & 2.250 s & 0.939 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 3: Test results ordered according to the active duration of the stimulus in seconds. White text on a blue background had the shortest active duration of the stimulus, indicating that these stimuli were noticed the fastest. The superior performance of this color combination may be attributed to the strong luminance contrast and the fact that blue light stimulates retinal cells less aggressively than warmer hues, allowing the white text to stand out more clearly in peripheral vision. However, the highest response accuracy was observed with black text on a white background. One possible reason for the longer active duration of this combination is the absence of a visible frame, as both the stimulus and the quiz background were white, causing the stimulus to blend with the surrounding area and delaying detection. The standard deviation values indicate moderate variability in the data, with the values being relatively uniform. Slightly larger deviations were observed for white text on a green background, black text on a yellow background, and black text on a blue background, indicating a somewhat greater dispersion of the data in these sets. Since the sample of correct answers for white text on a yellow background is very small, the standard deviation reflects the distance between the two values and not the actual dispersion. Figure 4 displays all combinations of text and background color, clearly showing that white text on a blue background has the shortest active duration of the stimulus and a high percentage of correct answers. The Relationship Between Different Combinations of Text Color, Background Color, and the Active Duration of Stimuli  
The active duration of stimuli largely depends on the combination of text and background color, leading to a wide range of active durations. For instance, white text on a yellow background is often noticed later due to its low readability. The results in Table 3 and Figure 4 were further confirmed using [PERSON]'s test and ANOVA. A comparison was conducted to check for a statistically significant difference in the active duration of the stimulus between white text on various backgrounds and black text on various backgrounds (Table 4).