# Application of Digital Twin in the Industry of Axial Hollow-Wall Pipes
## 6 Conclusions  
In order to ensure the long-term reliability of buried pipelines for agricultural irrigation and drainage, a digital twin system was developed specifically for the axial hollow-wall pipes industry, with applicability to the agricultural water conservancy sector. This system aimed to address the challenges associated with the end-forming process of pipes and to enhance the sealing performance when dealing with offset angles. Through the implementation of the digital twin system, significant improvements were achieved in production efficiency and product optimization capabilities within the pipeline industry. Consequently, the system plays a crucial role in ensuring the sustained operation and maintenance of pipelines over an extended period. A digital twin system was successfully implemented for the axial hollow pipe industry, leading to significant improvements in the production efficiency of the end-forming process within the production line. As a result, the yield rates of the pipes were up to 95% for qualified products. Furthermore, the system's intelligent closed-loop feedback mechanism and design enhancements played a crucial role in ensuring the long-term operation and maintenance of the pipelines; thereby, further enhancing their reliability. Through the analysis conducted using the digital twin system, optimal parameters were determined for achieving the desired quality of end-forming in a 200 mm outer diameter axial hollow pipe. Under the specified conditions of the ambient temperature of 15 \({}^{\circ}\)C and heating both the inner and outer sides of the pipe to 225 \({}^{\circ}\)C, it was found that the ideal end-forming quality could be achieved by following specific guidelines. These guidelines include a heating time of 60 s, setting the preheating temperature of the stamping equipment at 70 \({}^{\circ}\)C, and employing a temperature range of 35-45 \({}^{\circ}\)C for the cooling and detachment processes of the pipe. These findings serve as valuable insights for ensuring successful end-forming of axial hollow pipes within specified parameters. The digital twin system analysis revealed that enhancing the sealing performance of the socket joint could be achieved by increasing the thickness of the raised section of the sealing ring. Specifically, increasing the thickness from 13 mm to 16 mm resulted in improved sealing capabilities, particularly when dealing with the leak tightness under internal pressure and angular deviation in the pipeline. Importantly, this adjustment did not negatively impact the installation efficiency of the socket joint. Therefore, by appropriately increasing the thickness of the raised section, both the sealing performance and overall functionality of the socket joint in the pipeline system could be enhanced. The digital twin system analysis revealed that the interface performance of the pipeline under offset angles is influenced by the length of the chamfer and the space reserved between the chamfered end of the straight pipe and the diameter changed area of the inner wall at the end of the socket. To address the issue of curling and flanging at the end of the pipe, an optimization of the chamfer length was conducted. By reducing the chamfer length from the initial design of 30 mm to 20 mm, the problem was successfully resolved. This optimization resulted in improved pipeline performance and mitigated the undesirable effects of offset angles on the pipe's end, ultimately enhancing the overall functionality of the pipeline system. The implementation of the digital twin system in the agricultural irrigation and drainage pipeline industry offers substantial advantages, including cost reduction, efficiency improvement, and operational assurance in agriculture. The adoption of digital twin technology is a prominent trend in intelligent manufacturing, and its integration across various industries is already underway. Conceptualization, [PERSON] and Y.Y. ; methodology, Z.G. ; software, Z.G. ; validation, Z.G. and W.J. ; formal analysis, Z.G. ; investigation, Z.G.