## 3 Simulation of Underwater Electric Field Communication
### CSMA/CA Channel Backoff Algorithm Design and Simulation Analysis
#### 4.2.4 Channel Detection
The experimental results show that the protocol is effective in the process of four transmitters and one receiver for underwater electric field communication, and can achieve collision-free underwater electric field multi-node communication. This system can achieve dynamic multi-node communication of underwater electric fields with an error rate ranging from 0 to 0.96%. The research results have broad engineering application prospects for underwater multi-node cluster operations. In the future, the authors will explore the influencing factors of target features on achieving precise detection operations and information exchange between underwater swarm vehicles in underwater environments; study the corresponding relationship between active biomimetic detection and communication of underwater electric fields in theoretical modeling; conduct research on the distance-influencing factors of target features on active electric field detection signals and electric field communication; design underwater active electric field biomimetic electrode arrays and underwater electric field communication protocols; and develop an integrated prototype of underwater active electric field detection and communication based on the inherent connections between the detection system and communication system in terms of working principles, system structure, signal processing, etc., and conduct experimental verification. Conceptualization, X.F. and Q.H. ; methodology, X.F. ; software, X.F. and Y.Z. ; validation, X.F., Y.Z. and A.G.; investigation, X.F. ; writing--original draft preparation, X.F. ; writing--review and editing, X.F., Y.Z., A.G. and Q.H. ; visualization, X.F. ; supervision, X.F., Y.Z., A.G. and Q.H. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript. This research was funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC), grant number 52371337. Not applicable. Data Availability Statement: Data is contained within the article. The authors declare no conflicts of interest. ## References

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