## 3 Case Study
### Outcomes Considering a Grid and with Blackouts  
Depending on the strategy, integrating the storage system will only be helpful if the current electricity system can operate normally without any breakdowns or problems. Installing a solar panel can save money. As the electricity system is not unstable, the optimization problem revealed that the storage system was not necessary. Solar panels offer users two distinct ways of reducing costs. Smart homes can operate autonomously when demand is exceptionally high. Selling the extra energy back to the grid reduces the overall energy bill. Figure 6a,b illustrate the order in which the PV system powers appliances and the average number of appliances powered by the SSE batteries. At lunchtime, the PV and energy storage systems do their utmost to ensure that households have enough electricity. When electricity demand is high, the system can make up for any shortfall in supply (see Figure 6c,d). The following section examines how renewable energy storage can help reduce operating costs. The potential for renewable energy storage in Saudi Arabia is highly variable, ranging from 0% to 100%. We assess three possible degrees of cost reduction: insignificant, moderate, and considerable (up to 50%). Negligible cost reduction represents less than 50% of the total cost. The individual house model calculates the total cost of each system, assuming there is no energy sharing between houses. Similarly, the  
Figure 5: Outage events (**a**); home energy demand (**b**), outage probability (**c**); TOU and RTP tariffs (**d**); solar radiation (w/m\({}^{2}\)) (**e**); (**f**) outdoor temperature (0 \({}^{\circ}\)C). proposed DL algorithm calculates the costs associated with the exchange of resources between households and utilities. Figure 6e,f illustrate how the significant cost difference between these two types of systems translates into considerable energy savings for the grid, demonstrating the link between the savings for the grid and the savings for households in the event of high energy demand (non-renewable energy storage). Each house stores a different amount of energy (See Table 2). The lifespan of the storage device can be reduced if this minimum power level is only occasionally maintained. It is in the home's interest to charge the energy storage device during the earliest periods, even if this is unnecessary, as this saves money and ensures that energy levels remain above this minimum level. The cost of inefficiently charging storage devices drives up overall energy prices. This is why storage penetration rates above a certain level do not affect savings. Typical reductions in energy consumption rarely reach 5%. Figure 6: (**a**) Energy demand from the grid to a home: typical day with TOU/blackouts; (**b**) battery charging and discharging for a typical day with TOU/blackouts; (**c**) excess power for a typical day with RTP/blackouts; (**d**) deferrable appliances during a typical day with RTP/blackouts; (**e**) shiftable home appliances during a typical day with RTP/blackouts; (**f**) deferrable appliances during a typical day with RTP/blackouts; (**g**) battery state of charge; (**h**) energy demand during TOU. The initial integration of energy storage into the grid may result in lower overall energy costs; however, this benefit will diminish as storage capacity increases. It is improbable that grid storage will result in significant energy savings. Studies are being carried out both on exchanges with the grid and on the influence of solar panel penetration on costs and savings. Possible prices and protection will be directly proportional to the amount of energy that can be stored. Figure 6e,\(f\) illustrates the impact on the percentage of households equipped with storage of the overall price of the microgrid system. They show that load inefficiencies increase energy costs for families using storage (the cost curves increase as storage usage levels rise). An increase in storage requirements will lead to an increase in expenditure. Smaller energy storage minimizes overheads.