## 5 Use-Case: Energy Imbalance Billing at the Primary Substation
### Historical Load Energy Imbalance Billing
The ENERGOS project we present here is the first initiative that addresses the smart grid challenge as a whole, based on the combination of real-time technologies, the multi-agent paradigm, and semantic tools. Hence, proposed architecture devises a multi-layer system where intelligent nodes (PGDINs) control a number of electric assets. These intelligent nodes own a profile of the CIM containing the part of the ontology needed to carry on their task. Moreover, they have a reasoner and a knowledge base storing RDF rules of the knowledge they infer. Finally, they use the DDS bus that allows communication ranging from strict real-time to much more relaxed constraints. Under these premises, the PGDINs are able to detect the world around and collaborate to perform complex tasks, such as the one presented here: energy imbalance billing (we have illustrated both situations, quasi real-time and based on historical data time). We prove with this use-case the feasibility of the architecture, portraying the interaction and role of the diverse components mentioned above (e.g., the unified data model, the DDS real-time bus or the multi-agent system). The presented architecture breaks the classical tight vertical scheme that usual power-networks have; unlike in these typical scenarios, the architecture addressed hereby enables horizontal communication and enhances the integration of applications on top. Fully exploiting the possibilities that this intelligence allows includes, for instance, advanced processing and reasoning on huge data streams (expressed in RDF triplets) as shown in [16; 22]. Future works will aim to refine the distributed service discovery and determine the physical limits of the PGDIN's processing event streams. ## Acknowledgment

This research work has been partially sponsored by the Spanish CDTI (ENERGOS CEN2009-1048), ITEA2 IMPONET Project (TSI-020400-2010-103) and ITEA2 NEMO & CODED (IDI-20110864). [PERSON] started developing part of the research presented in this paper while she was working for the SYST group at the Technical University of Madrid. ## References

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