# Comparative Analysis of MoCA and DigiMoCA Test Results: A Pilot Study
## 2 Materials and Methods
### Statistical Analysis
Due to the exploratory nature of our study, the use of robust non-parametric methods, the focus on PCA, the sample size constraints, and the comprehensive analytical approach taken, a  
The obtained eta squared values and \(p\)-values indicate varying degrees of effect sizes and statistical significance for the MoCA, DigiMoCA, and CDT in relation to cognitive performance among the study groups. In the case of the MoCA, this suggests a very strong effect size, indicating that a significant portion of the variance in cognitive performance is explained by the MoCA scores. DigiMoCA's \(\eta^{2}\) suggests a moderate effect size, showing that the DigiMoCA scores explain a reasonable, though smaller, portion of the variance in cognitive performance compared to the MoCA. For the CDT, it indicates a moderate to strong effect size. The \(p\)-values obtained suggest a robust association between test scores and the cognitive performance of participants. Overall, these results demonstrate that all three tests--the MoCA, DigiMoCA, and CDT--are significant predictors of cognitive performance, with the MoCA showing the strongest effect, followed by the CDT and then the DigiMoCA. With respect to the MoCA dimensions, the \(\eta^{2}\) values suggest varying degrees of effect sizes, ranging from moderate (e.g., orientation or memory) to very strong in the case of attention. In the case of the DigiMoCA, the larger effect sizes correspond to calculations and letter mistakes, while the effect sizes of the response time, words, transport, measure, day guess, month guess, year guess, and organisation are the smallest. These results further inspired us to conduct a factor analysis, as discussed below. A Kruskal-Wallis analysis was performed among the groups, finding significant differences (\(p<0.025\)) among all groups on the DigiMoCA's global score; MoCA's visuospatial, identification, attention, language, abstraction, memory, and orientation; DigiMoCA's forward numbers, letter mistakes, second sentence, and uncued recalls; and finally, clock drawing. No differences were found in the time responses among groups. A Mann-Whitney U analysis was also carried out for each combination between groups:  
**D+/MCI+ vs. D-/MCI+**: presented differences in MoCA's memory and orientation. Individuals with depressive symptoms and MCI displayed significantly poorer performances in memory and orientation compared to subjects without depressive symptoms but with MCI. **D+/MCI+ vs. D+/MCI-**: showed significant differences in various cognitive domains as assessed through the MoCA: visuospatial, identification, attention, memory, and orientation. Individuals with depressive symptoms and MCI exhibited poorer performances compared to those with MCI alone. **D+/MCI- vs. D-/MCI+**: differed significantly only in identification. Participants with depressive symptoms exhibited better performances compared to those without symptoms but with MCI. **D+/MCI+ vs. D-/MCI-**: exhibited significant differences across multiple cognitive tasks, namely, the DigiMoCA's forward numbers, letter mistakes, second sentence, uncued recalls; MoCA's visuospatial, identification, attention, language, abstraction, and memory; clock drawing; and DigiMoCA's attention and abstraction. The group of individuals with MCI and depressive symptoms exhibited poorer performances across all cognitive tasks, with a higher number of letter mistakes. **D-/MCI+ vs. D-/MCI-**: displayed significant differences in various cognitive measures: MoCA's visuospatial, identification, attention, language, and abstraction; clock drawing; and DigiMoCA's orientation. Individuals in the MCI group exhibited poorer performances in all mentioned cognitive tasks compared to the healthy group. In order to explore the correlations among all variables, a principal component analysis was conducted using the variables obtained from the DigiMoCA to categorise them into factors and gain a better understanding of their underlying structure.