# Study on Effects of Energy Deposition and Thermal Shock Wave by Electron Beam Irradiation
## 6 Conclusions  
With REB's actual current, voltage, and energy spectrum as input conditions, this paper used the analytical method and the Monte Carlo method to calculate the energy deposition of a multi-energy-spectrum electron beam in materials of hard aluminum and carbon phenolic, and obtained the results as follows by means of thermal shock wave numerical simulation and experimental research of electron beam irradiation material:  
(1) Numerical calculation shows that the energy deposition depth of electrons with the same incident energy in carbon phenolic is obviously deeper than that in aluminum. With the decrease of incident electron energy, the peak position and the depth of electron energy deposition gradually decrease, but the deposition peak increases. With the increase of the incident angle, the peak position of energy deposition gradually moves to the radiation surface.  
Figure 17: Measured and calculated results of thermal shock waves for aluminum and carbon phenolic materials.  
(2) The peak value of radiant thermal shock wave is not at the radiation surface, but near the peak value of energy deposition. The maximum thermal shock intensity occurs in the process of radiation, but not at the end of radiation. Under the condition of constant energy density, the higher the energy of the electron beam, the higher the intensity of the thermal shock wave. When the energy of the electron beam is constant, the higher the energy density is, the stronger the thermal shock wave is.  
(3) By comparing the experimental and calculated results, the peak stress of thermal shock waves for Ly-12 aluminum targets with different thicknesses attenuates exponentially with the increase of target thickness, indicating that the short pulse thermal shock wave attenuates rapidly at the initial stage of propagation. When the material thickness is the same, the measurement results are similar, indicating the reliability of the results. For Ly-12 aluminum targets with an average energy injection amount of 187-196 J/cm\({}^{2}\) and thickness of 2-5 mm, the measured average stress peak value of thermal shock wave is 1.65-0.97 GPa. The average energy injection amount is 185 J/cm\({}^{2}\), and the measured average stress peak value of the thermal shock wave of carbon phenolic target is 1.591-1.005 GPa.  
(4) When the same energy electron beam is irradiated to aluminum and carbon phenolic materials, the carbon phenolic energy deposition is deeper, but the peak value is smaller, which is more conducive to the energy absorption of the electron beam, which is verified by the results of the thermal shock wave.  
These studies are of great significance for energy deposition and thermal shock effect of electron-beam irradiated materials.  
Conceptualization, D.W.; methodology, R.Y.; validation, D.W. and W.C.; formal analysis, D.W.; investigation, R.Y.; data curation, D.W.; writing--original draft preparation, D.W.; writing--review and editing, D.W., R.Y., and S.W.; supervision, W.C. and S.W.; funding acquisition, S.W. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.  
This work was supported by the Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation under Grant No. 2020B1515120035.  
Not applicable.  
All data included in this study are available upon request by contact with the corresponding author.  
The authors declare no conflict of interest.