## 2 Background Information
### Digital Factory  
The research object of the present article is a digital factory. A digital factory is a type of manufacturing facility that leverages advanced digital technologies, such as artificial intelligence (AI), machine learning, the Internet of Things (IoT), robotics, and big data analytics, to optimize production processes and improve efficiency. Here are some characteristics of a digital factory:  
* Advanced automation: A digital factory uses a high degree of automation to streamline production processes and reduce the need for human intervention. * Data-driven decision making: A digital factory collects and analyzes data from various sources to make informed decisions about production processes and resource allocation. * Interconnected systems: A digital factory's various systems, such as production machines, sensors, and software, are interconnected and communicate with each other to optimize performance. * Agile operations: A digital factory is designed to be flexible and able to adapt quickly to changing market demands and production requirements. * Collaborative robots: Collaborative robots, or cobots, are a key feature of a digital factory. They work alongside human workers to improve efficiency and safety. * Virtual simulation: A digital factory uses virtual simulation to optimize production processes and reduce the risk of errors or downtime. * Predictive maintenance: A digital factory uses data analytics and machine learning to predict maintenance needs and prevent equipment failures before they occur. * Digital factory is characterized by its ability to leverage advanced digital technologies to optimize production processes, increase efficiency, and improve product quality. A digital factory is a modern manufacturing facility that employs advanced digital technologies to optimize production processes and improve efficiency. The use of these technologies, such as artificial intelligence (AI), machine learning, the Internet of Things (IoT), robotics, and big data analytics, enables the factory to operate more efficiently and cost effectively and with higher quality than traditional factories. One of the key characteristics of a digital factory is its high degree of automation. By leveraging AI and robotics, the factory can streamline production processes, reduce waste, and improve consistency. This means that less human intervention is needed in the production process, freeing up workers to focus on more complex tasks and reducing the risk of errors caused by human error [29; 31; 32]. A fully integrated, collaborative manufacturing system that can respond in real time to changing factory conditions, supply chain management, and customer demand management is known as a \"digital factory\" or \"digital manufacturing environment [33; 34]\". Data is also a key component of a digital factory. The factory collects data from a variety of sources, such as sensors, machines, and software, and uses this data to make informed decisions about production processes and resource allocation. The use of data analytics enables the factory to identify areas of inefficiency and waste, as well as opportunities for improvement. Another characteristic of a digital factory is its interconnected systems. All the factory's systems, from production machines to sensors to the software, are interconnected and communicate with each other in real-time. This enables the factory to optimize performance by adjusting production processes and resource allocation as needed. A digital factory is also designed to be agile and flexible. With changing market demands and production requirements, the factory can adapt quickly to meet new challenges. This means that the factory can respond to changes in demand and production requirements more quickly than traditional factories, enabling it to stay competitive in a rapidly changing market. Collaborative robots are another key feature of a digital factory. These robots work alongside human workers to improve efficiency and safety.