## 4 Discussion  
The aim of this study was to examine the effects of different stretching techniques used during warm-up exercises preceding PAPE on athletes' lower extremity explosive force performance. The research findings indicate a statistically significant difference in vertical jump performance values after PAPE for different stretching techniques used in warm-up. Specifically, to increase the effects of PAPE on lower extremity power performance, dynamic stretching was found to be more favorable than 5 min pedaling, 5 min pedaling was more favorable than static stretching, dynamic stretching was more favorable than PNF stretching, and PNF stretching \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Warm-Up Protocol** & **Mean \(\pm\) SD** & **df** & **Mean Square** & **F** & \(p\) \\ \hline
5 min pedaling & & & & & \\  & & 59.46 \(\pm\) 2.817 & & & & \\ \hline
5 min pedaling & & & & & \\ + & 61.38 \(\pm\) 1.850 & & & & \\ Dynamic stretching & & & & & \\ \hline
5 min pedaling & & & & & \\ + & 58.15 \(\pm\) 2.375 & 3 & 24.224 & 25.591 & 0.00 \\ Static stretching & & & & & \\ \hline
5 min pedaling & & & & & \\ + & 60.30 \(\pm\) 2.175 & & & & \\ PNF stretching & & & & & \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 3: Participant vertical jump performance values after PAPE for different stretching techniques used in warm-up. was more favorable than static stretching. Additionally, the variation in perceived levels of difficulty following PAPE depending on the stretching technique applied is noteworthy. Considering the average scores obtained from the scale, it is intriguing that the highest perception of difficulty is reported after static stretching, while the lowest perception of difficulty is reported after dynamic stretching. Based on these findings, it can be said that, to maximize the effects of PAPE, the optimal stretching technique during warm-up exercises preceding PAPE is dynamic stretching, while static stretching may absorb the effects of PAPE and negatively impact performance. The results we reached are not surprising, given that there are a number of studies that have found an improvement in match performance by using a dynamic warm-up before competition [32; 33; 34; 35]. Moreover, this confirms the hypothesis of this study, which asserts that the most effective stretching technique to trigger the PAPE effect on the lower extremities is the dynamic stretching technique. In this regard, our results are in accordance with the results of the previously mentioned studies, which also used dynamic stretching of several muscle groups. Another advantage of dynamic over static stretching is that it implies a greater increase in heart rate compared to static stretching, and it has already been proven that dynamic stretching at fast speeds is good for muscle performance improvement in contrast to low speeds due to increments in heart rate [36]. The increased heart rate, improved blood circulation, and enhanced synergy, reflex speed, and adrenaline secretion during high-speed dynamic stretching may contribute to enhanced performance. This could potentially allow for greater oxygen transportation, increased coordination, and elevated energy levels. Many studies have investigated the effects of various types and durations of stretching. The outcomes of this research can be classified as acute or training effects. Acute effects measure the immediate effects of stretching, whereas training effects examine the effects of stretching over time. Stretching studies also vary in terms of the muscles or muscle groups being investigated, as well as the populations studied, making interpretation and recommendations challenging and relative. Each of these elements must be addressed when drawing conclusions from research investigations, but there are few systematic reviews with broad recommendations [37; 38; 39]. Good range of motion (ROM), or flexibility around a joint, is vital for performance and motor tasks since it allows for a full functional range.