# A Review on Augmented Reality in Education and Geography: State of the Art and Perspectives
## 3 Augmented Reality in Education
Even though, the WebAR applications are slower compared to the dedicated applications, these types of applications have the benefit of accessing an AR application whenever is needed, removing the need of downloading and installing on the mobile phone a dedicated AR application. Finally, because of the recent expansion of the AI domain, AR applications started to include AI models in the software. By doing this, the applications open up new directions and horizons, enabling the editing of the real world by the user through virtual objects. For example, one of the most well-known and recent devices, the Apple Vision Pro, can be used especially in medical education, for students to learn and train with more practical methods. The device contains a 3D camera that allows the user to take 3D photographs and videos of different scenarios. Through this, the students could use the Apple Vision Pro to learn about different medical interventions and to practice those medical operations. Recent advancements highlight that AR's potential is maximized through the incorporation of AI technologies, which allow data analysis and personalized educational pathways. AI can evaluate individual learner preferences and performance, such that it enables personal educational experiences that adjust in real time [18]. Moreover, in scenarios where AR environments are coupled with AI tools, teachers can receive immediate feedback on student engagement and learning outcomes. This real-time adaptability is very important, especially in classrooms where students' learning styles and paces significantly vary, so there is a more inclusive educational experience. Moreover, the integration of AI and AR promotes the implementation of gamification strategies in education. Gamified learning experiences with AR visualizations not only elevate student engagement but also motivate learners to take on more challenging concepts [19]. These aspects encourage students to take part actively while embedding educational content within their interactive experiences, which promotes deeper learning. As students navigate through gamified AR scenarios, they receive instant feedback, which can help them adjust their learning strategies in real time [20]. The transformative potential of these technologies also affects pedagogy, requiring professors to redesign traditional teaching methods. The literacy needed for effective use of AR with AI tools is highlighted by researchers who propose teacher training programs to evolve alongside these advancements [21]. Also, educators need to be equipped not only with technological skills but also with pedagogical frameworks that promote critical thinking and creativity within immersive tools. The shift toward an AI with AR education model, where teaching and learning are united with AI capabilities, represents a crucial evolution in educational methodology [22]. Unfortunately, challenges are still present in the widespread adoption of AR and AI technologies in education. Issues such as the digital divide, varying levels of technology ability, and the need for supportive infrastructure can hinder implementation [23]. Nevertheless, as more institutions begin to embrace these technologies, comprehensive strategies to tackle these challenges are underway, promoting fair access to immersive learning experiences. It is clear from the evidence that AI and AR hold the potential to significantly enhance educational effectiveness through immersive experiences and personalized learning strategies. Enabling students to visualize and interact defines the future of education in this digital age. So, the interaction between AI and AR technologies presents new frontiers in educational practices. As these technologies evolve, it is imperative to keep a critical approach toward their application, ensuring that they serve not only to enhance educational outcomes but also to advance an engaging learning environment for all students.