# IPAQ-L and CPET Usefulness in a North-Eastern Romanian Population Undergoing Cardiac Rehabilitation
## 4 Discussion  
The IPAQ questionnaires have been studied in industrialized countries and in the urban population of developing countries. However, when interpreting IPAQ findings from rural or low-literacy communities in developing countries, caution has been advised [8]. Although the IPAQ-L was validated for PA monitoring among adults [8], it lacks accuracy, like most self-reported methods of evaluating PA levels, as patients frequently overestimate their level of PA [16]. The IPAQ-L in particular yields an overestimation of moderate to vigorous PA and an underestimation of sitting time [17, 18]. However, since a recent study demonstrated that patients interviewed by a trained professional reported PA levels much \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{l c c c c c c c} \hline \hline  & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Total**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Males**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Females**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**\%**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**\(p\) Value \({}^{\star}\)**} \\  & **Mdn (IQR)** & & & & & & \\ \hline Total MET-minutes/week & 6132 & \multirow{2}{*}{21.1} & 15,210 & 22.6 & 2866 & \multirow{2}{*}{19.7} & \multirow{2}{*}{0.384} \\ at work & (1936–11,370) & & & (6194–25,524) & & & & \\ Total MET-minutes/week & 594 & \multirow{2}{*}{18.1} & 988 & \multirow{2}{*}{20.3} & 877 & \multirow{2}{*}{15.9} & \multirow{2}{*}{0.517} \\ for transportation & & & (181–8752) & & & & \\ Total MET-minutes/week in & 2520 & \multirow{2}{*}{54.5} & 12,675 & \multirow{2}{*}{50.8} & 1350 & \multirow{2}{*}{58.1} & \multirow{2}{*}{0.019} \\ domestic and garden activities & (240–5790) & & (4147–17,085) & & & & \\ Total MET-minutes/week & 198 & \multirow{2}{*}{6.1} & 123 & \multirow{2}{*}{6.1} & 579 & \multirow{2}{*}{6.1} & \multirow{2}{*}{0.983} \\ in leisure time & (33–594) & & (49–198) & & & & \\ Total sitting & 540 & \multirow{2}{*}{} & 545 & \multirow{2}{*}{540} & \multirow{2}{*}{0.899} & \multirow{2}{*}{22.4} & \multirow{2}{*}{0.799} \\ (minutes) & (420–660) & & (300–692) & & & & \\ Total walking & 1072 & \multirow{2}{*}{27.1} & 5131 & \multirow{2}{*}{31.7} & 2095 & \multirow{2}{*}{22.4} & \multirow{2}{*}{0.799} \\ (MET-minutes/week) & (346–2227) & & (1249–10,065) & & & & \\ Total moderate activity & 2840 & \multirow{2}{*}{65.3} & 13,575 & \multirow{2}{*}{62.6} & 5340 & \multirow{2}{*}{68.0} & \multirow{2}{*}{0.210} \\ (MET-minutes/week) & (415–8115) & & & 17,085 & & & \\ Total vigorous activity & 2880 & \multirow{2}{*}{7.5} & 7440 & \multirow{2}{*}{5.5} & 2400 & \multirow{2}{*}{9.5} & \multirow{2}{*}{0.057} \\ (MET-minutes/week) & (780–7440) & & (4800–19,800) & & & & \\ Total physical activity & 4735 & \multirow{2}{*}{} & 29,382 & \multirow{2}{*}{14,061} & \multirow{2}{*}{0.964} & \multirow{2}{*}{0.964} \\ (MET-minutes/week) & (1614–12,515) & & & (23,833–37,727) & & & \\ \hline \multicolumn{7}{l}{\({}^{\star}\): Mann–Whitney U test; MET: total metabolic equivalent of task; Mdn: median; IQR: interquartile range.} \\ \end{tabular}
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Table 4: Correlations between age and MTCF and physical activity, BMI, AC and LVEF. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{l c c c c c c c c} \hline \hline
**CPET** & \multicolumn{6}{c}{**IPAQ-L and Physical Activity (METS-Minutes/Week)**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**Vigorous Activity**} \\
**Parameters** & **Vigorous Activity** & & **Moderate Activity** & & **Walking** & **Total Physical Activity** \\ \hline  & R-Value & \(p\)-Value & R-Value & \(p\)-Value & R-Value & \(p\)-Value & R-Value & \(p\)-Value \\ VO\({}_{2}\) max\% & 0.52 & 0.025 & 0.19 & 0.447 & 0.32 & 0.195 & 0.34 & 0.168 \\ AT & 0.53 & 0.026 & 0.12 & 0.632 & 0.16 & 0.522 & 0.30 & 0.228 \\ RER & 0.02 & 0.923 & 0.18 & 0.468 & 0.16 & 0.502 & 0.07 & 0.781 \\ WR\% & 0.52 & 0.027 & 0.45 & 0.061 & 0.48 & 0.040 & 0.48 & 0.040 \\ HRR & 0.61 & 0.007 & 0.63 & 0.005 & 0.59 & 0.009 & 0.65 & 0.003 \\ \hline \multicolumn{7}{l}{VO\({}_{2}\) max\%: percentage of the predicted maximal oxygen uptake; AT: oxygen uptake at the anaerobic threshold; RER: maximal value of the respiratory exchange ratio; HRR: heart rate reserve.} \\ \end{tabular}
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