## 3 Testing the Manikin Prototype and Results
### Calibration of the Advanced Thermal Manikin
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Temperature** & **Anatomic Temperature Distribution** & **Uniform Temperature Distribution** \\ \hline
**Segment** & \(h_{c}\) **(W/m\({}^{2}\)K)** & \(h_{r}\) **(W/m\({}^{2}\)K)** & \(h_{c}\) **(W/m\({}^{2}\)K)** & \(h_{r}\) **(W/m\({}^{2}\)K)** \\ \hline Head & 4.74 & 4.47 & 4.68 & 4.58 \\ \hline Torso & 4.76 & 4.53 & 3.06 & 2.41 \\ \hline Right thigh & 4.16 & 3.32 & 4.16 & 3.88 \\ \hline Right tibia & 3.06 & 2.11 & 5.12 & 5.49 \\ \hline Right foot & 4.68 & 4.37 & 4.22 & 4.30 \\ \hline Right forearm & 6.86 & 5.73 & 4.69 & 4.17 \\ \hline Right arm & 4.64 & 4.28 & 4.96 & 4.94 \\ \hline Right hand & 4.96 & 4.92 & 5.18 & 4.94 \\ \hline Left hand & 4.96 & 4.92 & 4.64 & 4.52 \\ \hline Left arm & 4.62 & 4.23 & 4.96 & 4.95 \\ \hline Left forearm & 6.83 & 5.66 & 6.83 & 6.44 \\ \hline Left thigh & 4.69 & 4.38 & 4.62 & 4.49 \\ \hline Left tibia & 2.91 & 2.83 & 4.74 & 5.32 \\ \hline Left foot & 5.12 & 5.23 & 4.64 & 4.52 \\ \hline Back & 5.87 & 6.75 & 4.76 & 4.69 \\ \hline Pelvis & 4.64 & 4.29 & 5.87 & 5.02 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 2: Heat transfer coefficients for the thermal manikin in seating position. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Manikin Name/Body** & **[PERSON] [47]** & **[PERSON] [48]** & **[PERSON] [49]** & **[PERSON] [50]** & **[PERSON] [51]** &
\begin{tabular}{c} **[PERSON] \\ **(Current Study)** \\ \end{tabular} \\ \cline{2-7}
**Part** & & & & _hc_ **(W/m\({}^{2}\)\({}^{\circ}\)C)** & & \\ \hline Left foot & 4.2 & 4.4 & 4.6 & 4.4 & 6.0 & 4.6 \\ \hline Right foot & 4.2 & 4.5 & 4.7 & 4.4 & 6.3 & 4.2 \\ \hline Left leg & 4.0 & 3.5 & 3.3 & 3.4 & 4.5 & 4.7 \\ \hline Right leg & 4.0 & 3.8 & 3.5 & 3.9 & 4.5 & 5.1 \\ \hline Left thigh & 3.7 & 3.7 & 3.7 & 3.9 & 4.4 & 4.6 \\ \hline Right thigh & 3.7 & 3.5 & 3.9 & 3.9 & 4.3 & 4.2 \\ \hline Pelvic region & 2.8 & 2.8 & 2.6 & 2.8 & 4.4 & 5.9 \\ \hline Head & 3.7 & 4.7 & 4.5 & 4.3 & 3.2 & 4.7 \\ \hline Left hand & 4.5 & 4.9 & 4.1 & 5.3 & - & 4.6 \\ \hline Right hand & 4.5 & 4.3 & 4.2 & 4.1 & - & 5.2 \\ \hline Left arm & 3.8 & 4.1 & 3.6 & 3.7 & 4.1 & 5.0 \\ \hline Right arm & 3.8 & 10.3 & 3.8 & 3.6 & 4.0 & 5.0 \\ \hline Left upper arm & 3.4 & 3.0 & 3.1 & 3.2 & 4.2 & 6.8 \\ \hline Right upper arm & 3.4 & 2.7 & 3.3 & 3.4 & 3.9 & 4.7 \\ \hline Chest & 3.0 & 2.3 & 2.2 & 2.3 & 3.1 & 3.1 \\ \hline Back & 2.6 & 2.2 & 2.6 & 2.8 & 3.4 & 4.8 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 3: Convective heat transfer coefficients from the literature for other manikins. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c} \hline \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**Manikin Name/Body Part**} & **[PERSON] [46]** & **[PERSON] [51]** & **[PERSON] (Current Study)** \\ \cline{2-4}  & & & \(h_{\text{r}}\) **(W/m2 \({}^{\circ}\)C)** \\ \hline Left foot & 4.2 & 5.2 & 4.5 \\ \hline Right foot & 4.2 & 4.8 & 4.3 \\ \hline Left leg & 5.4 & 5.2 & 5.3 \\ \hline Right leg & 5.4 & 4.9 & 5.5 \\ \hline Left thigh & 4.6 & 3.8 & 4.5 \\ \hline Right thigh & 4.6 & 3.4 & 3.9 \\ \hline Pelvic region & 4.8 & 4.9 & 5.0 \\ \hline Head & 3.9 & 3.0 & 4.6 \\ \hline Left hand & 3.9 & - & 4.5 \\ \hline Right hand & 3.9 & - & 4.9 \\ \hline Left arm & 5.2 & 4.4 & 5.0 \\ \hline Right arm & 5.2 & 4.0 & 4.9 \\ \hline Left upper arm & 4.8 & 4.2 & 5.0 \\ \hline Right upper arm & 4.8 & 4.4 & 4.2 \\ \hline Chest & 3.4 & 4.4 & 2.4 \\ \hline Back & 4.6 & 5.8 & 4.7 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 4: Radiative heat transfer coefficients from the literature.