## 2 Materials and Methods  
### Data  
To commence this study, the research materials were obtained from the State Archives in Warsaw. The materials consisted of photographs--terrestrial and aerial--as well as construction blueprints and architectural designs of the buildings obtained from the property owners (Figure 1). Architectural documentation and construction blueprints of pre-war Warsaw edifices were created only in a paper form with drawings of all elements of a building, as well as of its facade. Many of these documents did not survive World War II, leaving only fragments of a building's entire documentation. The architectural plans for the development of 3D models were obtained from the Department of Historic Architecture of the Warsaw Reconstruction Office. Between 1883 and 1915, under the supervision of [PERSON], the Lindley Plans for the construction of the Warsaw waterworks were developed (Figure 2). A collection of over seven thousand map sheets was edited as \"The plan of the City of Warsaw. Measurements supervised by [PERSON]\". The maps were created based on detailed measurements of the city, its parts, and its surroundings for the requirements of the water supply system [24]. It is one of the world's greatest works of cartography and geodesy. The implementation required the establishment of a new triangulation network of the city, for which the main point of the local reference system was the cross on the Evangelical church dome at Malachowski Square in Warsaw. It should be emphasized that only three cities, Warsaw, Hamburg, and Frankfurt, were mapped with such a large scale (1:200). Depending on their scale and type, the plans provided information on the terrain situation, marking the following: wooden and brick houses, public buildings, green areas, the routes of the water supply and the sewage system, police number, land and mortgage register number, and, in some cases, the names of the owners. The inventory plan produced by the BOS (the Warsaw Reconstruction Office) during 1945-1946 is a unique cartographic document showing the inventory of each property, with each object separately assessed by BOS employees on the basis of the degree of damage marked with appropriate symbols. The documentation consists of 50 sheets with a scale of 1:2500. The inventory plan made it possible to assess the enormous material losses that Warsaw suffered during World War II. Among other things, the BOS provided the authors of the present study with documentation of the reconstruction of the capital and information on the extent of damage to Warsaw's buildings, including a description of the Kamienica Theater building demolition, as well as its blueprints and historical descriptions. A historical description and a model of the Great Jewish Synagogue were made available by the POLIN Museum of the History of Polish Jews. The first floor plans of the synagogue were obtained from online sources (Warszawa1939.pl). Total station measurements of the neighboring buildings in Ttomackie Square were also used in the present study. A TCRP 1201 R300 Leica electronic total station (produced by Leica Geosystems in Heerbrugg, Switzerland) was used to obtain the data required to determine building dimensions. This device enables measurements of horizontal and vertical lines to be recorded with an accuracy of \(\pm\)1 inch and a distance measurement accuracy of \(\pm\)(1 mm + 1.5 ppm). The mirrorless measurement range of the total station is up to 1000 m. The possibility of a mirrorless measurement is a considerable advantage  
Figure 1: Source data for the development of 3D building models. when taken without an assistant or when measuring a point located significantly above the range of the total station, such as during the measurement of a network of points located on a building facade. Data enriching model aesthetics were downloaded from the Warszawa1939.pl website. Terrestrial photos are a perfect complement to an object model, providing the subject with an individual character and increasing the amount of detail.