Four types of pedicle screw with different thread patterns were designed, demonstrating that the dual-threaded pedicle screws exhibited higher pullout strength in normal-quality bone and significantly lower pullout strength in compromised osteoporporotic bone, although the double dual-threaded screw exhibited better pullout biomechanics in osteoporporotic bone with bi-cortical bone. [PERSON] et al. present the green electrospinning technology with non-toxic solvents to be applicable in the fabrication of fibrous materials, while ensuring health and safety and environmental protection [12]. Based on the less harmful reagents, such as acetone and acetic acid, they fabricated electrospun polycaprolactone membranes, showing the good cell-scaffold interaction for various biomedical applications. [PERSON] et al. report the 3D printing polyetheretherketone (PEEK) disks coated with various ratios of ampicillin and vancomycin salts for enhanced antibacterial activities. Importantly, the results show that a simple and low-cost 3D printing method for the preparation of PEEK/antibiotic agents/poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) platforms can be used as an enabling strategy for many applications in biomedical-related technology [13]. [PERSON] et al. describe the method to model biomechanical-stimuli-induced blood vessel compression in vitro within a polydimethylsiloxane microfluidic 3D microvascular tissue culture platform with an integrated pneumatically actuated compression mechanism [14]. Such platforms will be a powerful and accessible in vitro method of modeling microphysiological reactions of microvascular tissues to compressive stress, paving the way for further studies into vascular failure as a result of external stress. [PERSON] et al. develop the lithographically-fabricated nanopatterned scaffolds for bone tissue engineering [15]. Inspired by the aligned extracellular matrix and bioceramics in human bone tissue, they investigated the relative contributions of nanotopography and equine bone powders with human dental pulp stem cells to the osteogenesis. This simple method to achieve a suitable environment for osteogenesis via nanotopography and bone powder coating modulation may be regarded as a promising technique for biomedical membranes, which is widely used in dental and maxillofacial surgery applications. [PERSON] et al. propose the newly designed cell-laden thermosensitive chitosan hydrogel bioinks for 3D bioprinting applications [16]. In this work, they fabricated various types of chitosan-based 3D bioprinting hydrogels. It is concluded that these platforms can be good candidates for 3D bioprinting and would pave the way for patient-specific regenerative medicines. Finally, [PERSON] et al. report the new dental implants fabricated by chitosan and graphene [17]. They developed graphene-chitosan hybrid dental implants (GC hybrid implants), showing the GC hybrid implant under the optimal condition (i.e., 1% GC hybrid implant) could significantly promote osteoblast proliferation while reducing biofilm formation and bacterial activity. They discuss the potential of using this GC hybrid implant as a new type of dental implant, which can offer an effective design for the fabrication of advanced dental implants. To conclude, special gratitude and appreciation is extended to all the authors for their high-quality submissions and the anonymous reviewers for volunteering their time and expertise to evaluate the scientific merit of the submitted papers. Additionally, the Special Issue managing editor, Mr. [PERSON], deserves special thanks for his great effort and support in making this Special Issue successful. We hope that this Special Issue of _applied sciences_ can highlight new contributions in the rapidly growing and exciting interdisciplinary field of biomaterials and biofabrication. J.K., K.K. and H.N.K. conceived, designed and wrote the editorial. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript. This research received no external funding.