## 3 Results and Discussions
### Yeast Films Characterization
#### 3.3.5 Volatile Fingerprints of Lavender and Cinnamon EO  
Chromatograms of CLEO used for volatile fingerprints are presented in Figure 5.  
The composition of the CLEO oil is presented in Table 4. A total number of 11 VOCs originating from the CLEO essential oil mixture were tentatively identified using the NIST library (Table 5). The relative concentration of the major VOCs was estimated using a semi-quantitative method, as a function of the known 2-octanol concentration, using a procedure previously described by [20; 26]. The most abundant constituents of VOCs in the mixture were cinnamaldehyde and iso-caryophyllene representing \(\sim\)47% of the volatiles, but other specific compounds for the  
Figure 5: Chromatograms of CLEO, in duplicate, showing the most abundant VOC peaks. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c} \hline \hline
**RT** & **Compound** & **Top Five Most Abundant Ions** & **\% Total VOC** & **Relative Concentration of 2-Octanol (ug/uL)** \\ \hline
16.45 & \(\alpha\)-Phellandrene & 91; 93; 77; 65; 51 & 1.11 \(\pm\) 0.01 & 0.5673 \(\pm\) 0.0093 \({}^{\mathrm{d}*}\) \\
18.09 & \(\mathrm{Eucalypt}\) & 91; 93; 77; 81; 84 & 3.74 \(\pm\) 0.12 & 1.9098 \(\pm\) 1.0538 \({}^{\mathrm{d}*}\) \\
21.20 & \(\alpha\)-Pinene & 91; 77; 93; 79; 22 & 1.74 \(\pm\) 0.55 & 0.8938 \(\pm\) 0.3314 \({}^{\mathrm{d}*}\) \\
34.03 & 3-carene & 91; 93; 79; 77; 121 & 12.32 \(\pm\) 2.78 & 6.3167 \(\pm\) 0.2147 \({}^{\mathrm{d}*}\) \\
35.25 & \(\mathrm{Humulen}\) & 91; 79; 93; 77; 105 & 0.33 \(\pm\) 0.13 & 0.1727 \(\pm\) 0.079 \({}^{\mathrm{d}}\) \\
36.04 & \(\mathrm{Trans}\)-\(\alpha\) Bergamotene & 119; 91; 77; 93; 65 & 0.08 \(\pm\) 0.03 & 0.0447 \(\pm\) 0.0197 \({}^{\mathrm{d}}\) \\
37.09 & \(\mathrm{Iscaryophyllene}\) & 91; 93; 105; 133; 77 & 15.17 \(\pm\) 1.88 & 7.7556 \(\pm\) 1.387 \({}^{\mathrm{d}*}\) \\
40.37 & \(\mathrm{Caryophyllene}\) & 91; 135; 120; 77; 161 & 2.62 \(\pm\) 1.26 & 1.3532 \(\pm\) 0.7182 \({}^{\mathrm{d}*}\) \\
57.58 & \(\mathrm{Cinnamaldehyde}\) & 131; 132; 133; 103; 78 & 32.07 \(\pm\) 10.37 & 16.1972 \(\pm\) 4.3752 \({}^{\mathrm{a}}\) \\
61.47 & \(\mathrm{Cinnamyl alcohol}\) & 115; 133; 91; 134; 76 & 0.86 \(\pm\) 0.33 & 0.4330 \(\pm\) 0.1458 \({}^{\mathrm{d}}\) \\
61.92 & \(\mathrm{Eugenol}\) & 164; 149; 131; 103; 91 & 2.92 \(\pm\) 0.63 & 1.4785 \(\pm\) 0.2411 \({}^{\mathrm{d}}\) \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}  
* Different letters show significant differences on the column (\(p\)-value \(<0.05\)) by [PERSON]’s post hoc test. The Kovats index (KI) and \(p\)-value = 0.000 were determined by ANOVA.  
\end{table} 
Table 5: GC/MS SPME fingerprints of the CLEO mixture indicating the % of tentatively identified compounds and the relative concentrations of VOCs (ug/uL of 2-octanol). cinnamon essential oil like cryophyllene and eugenol were also present [45; 46]. \(\alpha\)-pinene, carene, eucalyptpol, and trans-\(\alpha\) bergamotene, specific compounds for the lavender essential oil, were also identified [47; 48] contributing \(\sim\)18% to the volatiles (Table 5). Only 9 of the 11 VOC major compounds present in the CLEO mixture were further identified in the yeast films. The heat map (Figure 6) indicates that the highest total retention rates of VOCs was present in the YF2/CLEO followed by YF3/CLEO and YF1/CLEO. These results were translated into a higher antifungal activity shown by YF2 and YF3 in comparison with YF1 (Table 3). As expected, the less volatile components like cinnamaldehyde and cinnamyl alcohol acetate were retained by the yeast films in the highest concentrations, representing 57.04% in YF2, 56.19% in YF2, and 48.83% in YF1 of the CLEO cinnamaldehyde and cinnamyl alcohol acetate concentrations. However, all the yeast films studied were able to retain important percentages of \(\alpha\)-pinene and 3-carene of the corresponding CLEO VOCs, with YF2/CLEO having the highest retention (21.17%), while the second-best retention rate was recorded by the YF1/CLEO (17.83%) followed by YF3/CLEO (15.76%) (Figure 6).