# Edge Computing in Healthcare: Innovations, Opportunities, and Challenges
## 4 Literature Review
### Privacy and Security
This hybrid approach enhances data privacy, security, and adaptability by dynamically adjusting detection thresholds through kernel density estimation. Another side of security problems in the IoMT is discussed by [PERSON] et al. [2018]. The authors highlight vulnerabilities that occur due to extensive data sharing across different network levels. The solution is based on the IOTA (Internet of Things Application) Tangle, a type of distributed ledger technology designed for the IoT environment, which is different from the traditional blockchain model. It uses Masked Authentication Messaging (MAM) to handle signing, encryption, decryption, and access control. Other commonly identified problems in the IoMT environment are vulnerabilities in Bluetooth communication, such as DoS, DDoS, and MITM attacks, which are discussed in [2018]. These kinds of attacks can lead to compromising the privacy of personal health information. An Intrusion Detection System (IDS) based on deep learning is proposed to analyze and classify network traffic for potential threats. The system was developed with a focus on early detection and intervention and requires that it is always deployed at the edge. Architectures in the IoHT and IoMT face significant challenges in balancing power consumption with operational demands in their domains. [PERSON] et al. [2018] offer a sustainable network architecture that is composed of a two-stage encryption technique to improve data security during transmission to centralized services. It is based on RL to optimize QoS parameters, ensuring continuous and efficient communication through sensor interaction and data flow across edge nodes. [PERSON] et al. [49] propose a lightweight mutual authentication and key agreement (AKA) protocol designed for an edge-fog-cloud three-tier architecture, while incorporating 5G networks to address the security challenges faced in distributed computing environments. The proposed solution, a three-tier AKA protocol, ensures secure communication between edge, fog, and cloud layers, while reducing the computational and communication costs. This protocol uses a light cryptographic technique, AES-128 encryption, to minimize computational overload. Compared to traditional protocols, three-tier AKA manages to reduce the total transmission cost by approximately 30% and a handover authentication computational cost that is under 10%. Another model is presented in [50] where IDS is incorporated at all layers of the network (cloud, edge, and fog). The proposed algorithm is composed of multiple ML solutions and bio-inspired ones. DL algorithms are used to implement a dynamic system for anomaly detection, online learning, and adaptive incremental classifiers to adapt detection models to new types of threats. The bio-inspired algorithms are used to improve the feature selection process to better detect these anomalies. The paper [51] discusses the importance of security in the context of edge computing. The goal is to enhance security by establishing secure communication channels. The Leakage-Resilient Authenticated Key Exchange (LRAKE) protocol incorporates the Elliptic Curve Diffie-Hellman (ECDH) for key exchange. The protocol is designed to be lightweight, perfect for edge devices with low computational resources, and to include mechanisms to resist side-channel attacks, ensuring the confidentiality and integrity of key exchange. In [52], the authors address the evolution of the infrastructure in edge computing in an IoMT environment. It also provides an overview of the evolving healthcare system, presenting recent advancements in sensors, wireless networking, and the rise of the IoMT. It proposes a solution that uses certificate-based signcryption with hyperelliptic curve cryptography for enhanced performance and security. The paper offers a detailed comparative analysis, underscoring the efficiency of the proposed signcryption scheme in terms of both computational and communication overheads.