# REISCH: Incorporating Lightweight and Reliable Algorithms into Healthcare Applications of WSNs
## 3 Preliminary Techniques for Our Data Collection Scheme
### Overview of Techniques Used in REISCH  
* **Electronic medical record (EMR)** A medical record is a communication entity used to record and review patients' health status for members of the medical staff and patients themselves. Medical records are divided into two categories: paper and electronic records. The paper record is a traditional method used to check and record patient information. This type of medical record suffered from many problems when dealing with patient data. These problems include delay, errors, lack of coordination of care equality at different levels, management of health information and data, integration of scientific evidence into HC services and decision-making practices [36], and security issues. The electronic medical record rapidly processes and transmits data across digital devices. EMRs provide HC services continuously and accurately. It has attracted the attention of both the HC industry and researchers because it provides advantages in efficiency and effectiveness. Consequently, recent studies [36; 37; 38] have indicated that the electronic medical record (EMR) reduces adverse effects among patients and providers because of its many advantages: 1. It is easy for the patient to review his/her information/data; users can review the medical record at the same time, auto-update, and quickly retrieve information. 2. Patient understanding of care services is improved; it facilitates patient participation and cooperation in decision-making. 3. It reduces errors in documents and reduces the embarrassment of the patient with a professional. 4. It increases transparent cooperation and improves the interaction between the patient and the providers. 5. The use and quality of health information, quality of care, efficiency, cost of care, facilitate data collection, retrieval, and use of patients' data are improved. EMR is efficient because it provides many features and supports the use of WSN. EMR is defined as a one-organization system [39]. Currently, most Australian professionals use an EMR, which is rated similarly in several countries such as Germany, New Zealand, and the Netherlands [40]. EMR stores patient health data within a single institution and uses WSN to store patient data in a local repository for use in reports, disease diagnosis, and treatment. However, an EMR only contains a partial patient medical history [40]. For example, doctors may use an EMR to identify a patient's prescription and avoid errors, and the nurse may use an EMR to monitor tests and reports for a patient. However, if the doctor needs complete data about a patient's medical history, he/she needs to send a request to the \(CS\). However, performance and security efficiency are the main issues when using WSN with an EMR. * **Security properties of EMRs** Security of EMRs relies on the elliptic curve discrete logarithm problem (ECDLP) [41]. ECDSA utilizes small parameters which improve the performance of computations, thus diminishing process time and storage. These features are essential for large institutions and limited-resource devices such as WSN because these networks require intensive/complex processes, memory, or over consumption [42]. Since the intruder can tamper with the collected data (\(d\)) when they are transferred from sensors to \(LS\), patients' data integrity is important in the HWSN environments [43]. Many reputable organizations such as NIST and IEEE use ECDSA as standard [44]. ECDSA with a 160-bit key achieves the equivalent for symmetric cryptography with a 80-bit key [45]. It is suitable for limited-resource devices because it produces small keys and provides computation speed in the integrity process. Furthermore, ECDSA uses four-point multiplication (PM) operations: one PM each for public key and signature generation and two for verification. Besides, it comprises three procedures: key generation, signature, and verification.