# The Impact of Power Definitions on the Disaggregation of Home Loads for Smart Meter Measurements
## 1 Introduction  
Electrical energy is indispensable in today's world. The increasing reliance on renewable sources, the need for energy storage, and the growth of complex loads have significantly complicated the systems that manage and supply this form of energy. In this way, one of the technologies that has become ubiquitous is the smart meter (SM). In fact, it is predicted that in the future, smart metering will play a very important role in the electrical energy context [1]. Even now, the technology associated with smart meters is already considered very important, especially in Europe. Indeed, countries like Sweden and Finland have strongly adopted this technology [2]. By this means, they intend to be leaders in the transformation to a clean energy economy, in which they combine the use of smart meters with policy measures. However, their use on other continents has also been adopted, such as in the case of the United States, where in 2016, the number of smart meters installed reached 70 million, and this number is expected to be 326 million across Europe by 2028 [3, 4]. The use of smart meters integrated into different applications in the electric infrastructure has been proposed. One of the areas in which this equipment has been proposed isat the power-quality-monitoring level. So, in this context, in [5], a solution is proposed in which an aggregation algorithm is used that must be incorporated into smart meters. Through this proposal, it is possible, for example, to achieve control of a distribution network. Other works in which smart meters were used for PQ purposes have also been published, especially associated with the identification of disturbances [5; 6; 7; 8; 9; 10; 11]. Another area in which the use of this technology can be very important is in the context of electrical vehicles (EVs). Over the past few years, several works addressed this aspect. In [12; 13; 14], the problem of the integration of EVs in smart grids (SGs) was addressed. In order to facilitate this integration, the use of a technology in which unbundled smart metering is taken into consideration alongside a virtual power plant was proposed [15]. A major advantage of unbundled smart meter usage relies on the fact that it has two completely distinct components (Smart Metrology Meter--SMM and Smart Meter eXtension--SMX). While the SMM is a high-security component, the SMX allows the deployment of new user functionalities [16]. Other works address the problem of the identification of the load patterns generated by electric vehicle charging. To identify these patterns, learning and unsupervised algorithms that use data from smart meters were proposed [17; 18; 19; 20]. One of the areas in which smart meters have started to play an important role is at the residential level. In fact, in several countries, in the majority of residential homes, there is a smart meter. This piece of equipment has been used for the monitoring of total household energy. However, several methods have been proposed in order to provide new services based on information from smart meters. So, proposals for the use of this kind of equipment for residential demand response, one of the possible services, have been presented. Thus, in [21], an algorithm for demand response management in which home load management modules are incorporated into smart meters was proposed. This system was developed in the context of a smart grid. Other works, in which smart meters were used in the context of demand response in residential houses, have also been presented [22; 23; 24; 25; 26; 27]. Another very important service that can be provided through an SM is the identification of residential appliances. This service can play a very important role in the implementation of several smart applications, such as demand response [28; 29], smart billing [30], fault resilience [31; 32], and the integration of renewable sources and energy storage [33; 34; 35; 36; 37]. In this regard, several techniques and approaches have been presented to provide these services.