# Flexural Buckling Failure of Rock Slopes: A Review of Influencing Factors and Analysis Methods
## 2 Analysis of Previous Studies on Flexural Buckling of Dip Slopes  
### Bibliometric Analysis  
A bibliometric analysis was conducted on the core literature database of the Web of Science related to buckling failure of rock slopes using the visualization analysis tool Citespace 6.1.R6. The search terms \"buckling landslide\" and \"buckling failure & slope\" were used to retrieve literature, with a time span from 1 January 1970 to 31 December 2023. A collection of documents that included the aforementioned search terms in their titles, abstracts, or keywords were obtained, resulting in a total of 133 valid documents.  
From Figure 1, it can be seen that the number of papers related to buckling failure in the past 15 years is more than five times that of the previous period, and the number of papers has shown a significant increasing trend since 2015. The reason may lie in the fact that during this period, disaster cases captured the attention of both the academic and engineering communities, thereby effectively promoting the development of research on buckling landslides. For instance, the Xinmo landslide, which occurred in Xinmo Village, Maoxian County, Aba Prefecture, Sichuan Province, blocked a 2 km stretch of the river and resulted in over 100 casualties, causing significant loss of life and property [3]. In terms of document types, there are a total of 131 research papers (accounting for 98.5%), which make up the vast majority; there are only two review papers (accounting for 1.5%), which mainly focus on the research methods for the buckling of engineering components, and there is no systematic review on the research on buckling landslides.  
By analyzing the keywords of the obtained literature related to buckling landslides, a total of 316 keywords were identified, with the top 100 high-frequency keywords retained for co-occurrence analysis. The analysis results are shown in Figure 2, where the larger the node size, the higher the frequency of the keyword appearing in different papers. The node connection lines represent the correlation between different keywords appearing in the same paper, and the color of the connection lines represents the temporal relevance of this correlation. It can be found that the keywords with higher frequency include \"deformations\", \"gravitational slope deformation\", \"landslide\", \"failure\", \"behavior\", and \"strength\", indicating that there is relatively more research around the topics of deformation and failure mechanisms of buckling landslides, as well as their evolution laws from deformation to instability. In addition, high-frequency keywords related to modelling methods such as \"finite-element analysis\", \"distinct element method\", and \"physical modelling\" also appear, indicating that the above methods are commonly used in the research on buckling landslides. Regarding the connections between keywords, some keywords, such as \"landslide\" and \"gravitational slope deformation\", \"failure\", and \"refined analytical model\", are often mentioned together, indicating that the trends and progress of buckling landslide research mainly follow the path of \"triggering mechanism \(\rightarrow\) analysis methods\". In short, the results of bibliometric analysis show that instability mechanisms, evolution laws, and quantitative evaluation methods are hot topics in the research field of buckling landslides.  
Figure 1: Number of articles related to buckling failure from the year 1970 to 2023 in the Web of Science database.