# Evaluating a Proposed E-Government Stage Model in Terms of Personal Data Protection
## 2 The Proposed Stage Model  
Many different e-government stage models have been presented by individual researchers. The models offered by researchers vary in terms of phases. They are offered models that are based on numerous terms and events. There are four to seven stages in all. The general stages are web presence, interaction, communication, transaction, integration, and e-democracy [12]. These models are not mainly focused on security issues. The majority of them claim that the models place too much emphasis on stage names while ignoring stage security issues. Some models do not take into consideration the organizational, sociological, political, and technological needs that affect whether e-government implementations are successful or unsuccessful. The majority of the models in prior studies emphasize that the adoption of electronic government happens consistently, with e-government initiatives moving from basic to complex technologies. All current e-government maturity models recommend that the transaction stage be implemented before the integration stage. However, without the integration of e-government services at multiple levels and the current provision of sufficient security, transactions will not be completed. On the other hand, starting at the bottom and ascending from there up is not required. It is required to start at the beginning and build the system step by step, without skipping any stages, in order to correctly complete it. This is due to how intricately each step is woven into the others, due to their social and cultural views toward technology, particularly in developing countries [8]. The proposed stage model consists of six phases, as shown in Figure 1. The first stage is the Requirements phase, which focuses on the ICT infrastructure. Shortages in legal and organizational factors can be addressed in this stage. It is possible to prepare for security in terms of hardware and software and to adopt a data protection statute or standard. The influence of legal and organizational elements on the progression of information is crucial at this stage. The second stage is the Information phase, which involves the creation of a static website displaying basic information about each organization. It is important to ensure that the website is free of technical issues or other actions that may negatively impact citizens' opinions. Based on international norms, the privacy concept should be addressed. The Requirements and Awareness phases are unique to this model since they were not present in prior models that were proposed to the developing countries. In countries where people have just opened up to new technologies, awareness is a different stage that requires greater attention. Employees of government stakeholders should be taught at this point to ensure that they have a sufficient understanding of security and the protection of personal  
Figure 1: Proposed E-government Model [8]. information. After this step, the government may carry out everyday operations in their companies using forms, and consumers can download the forms and manually submit their requests. Personal information is backed up in each organization while maintaining a high level of storage. Organizations and technological factors are assessed at this stage. Because the transaction stage involves a two-way communication between government agencies and individuals, the most technical challenges arise in the transaction and integration stages. As a result, the majority of security techniques, such as transaction security, data validation, encryption, authentication, and network security, are necessary at this point. All government websites are shown on one page during the engagement stage. To offer a secure channel across all websites and data operations, both advanced security and cloud security methods are required. An illustration of a personal data flow algorithm using the proposed stage model is shown in Figure 2. Consider a scenario where an organization offers a website.