## 2 Literature Review
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{p{56.9 pt} p{113.8 pt} p{113.8 pt} p{113.8 pt} p{113.8 pt}} \hline \hline
**Cyber-Attack** & **Objectives** & **Layers** & **Impacts** & **Security Requirements** \\ \hline Jamming Attacks & The main objective is to create trouble with both the data transfer and the data receiving. Trying to trick an authorized node into getting unauthorized access to the system & Physical Data Link Networks & To prevent the sending and receiving of information collisions by blocking one or more nodes. & Availability \\ \multirow{4}{*}{Spoofing Attacks} & The practice of inserting false or untrusted data packets into a network. & Data Link Network Transport Application in the network. & Trying to mislead other nodes in the network. & Integrity Availability Confidentiality Accountability \\ \multirow{4}{*}{I Injection Attacks} & The main objective is to bring about the loss and destruction of system resources. & Data Link Network Transport Application of availability of resources. & It injects false data perverting legal procedures and business activities with corruption the appearance in the network of nodes not authorized to be there. & Integrity \\ \multirow{4}{*}{Flooding Attack} & The main objective is to bring about the loss and destruction of system resources. & Data Link Network Transport Application of availability of resources. & In a network, failure of individual nodes and loss of availability of resources. & Availability \\ \multirow{4}{*}{Man-in-the-Middle Attack} & It blocks or alters the flow of data while it is being transmitted over the network. & Data Link Network Session & Access to confidential information that was not allowed. & Integrity Confidentiality \\ \multirow{4}{*}{Social Engineering Attacks} & Using fraud to encourage people to provide confidential information & Application & The users’ right to privacy was violated. The system may suffer either temporary or permanent damage. Take confidential and sensitive information without permission. Theft of personal identity & Confidentiality \\ \multirow{4}{*}{Eavesdropping Attack} & Following up on and recording every bit of network activity & Physical Network security & A violation of somebody’s security & Confidentiality \\ \multirow{4}{*}{Intrusion Attack} & Acquire access to the node or network in an unauthorized manner. & Network Application & To Misuse the resources that are accessible on the network. & Integrity Confidentiality \\ \multirow{4}{*}{Brute Force Attacks} & Cracking user names and passwords requires a lot of work. & & It is obtaining access to a user’s system or account without permission. & Integrity Confidentiality \\ \multirow{4}{*}{Time synchronization Attack} & Attacking the timing data and causing the nodes to lose their time synchronization & Physical system and fault detection, Performance decrease. & Integrity Availability \\ \multirow{4}{*}{Traffic Analysis Attack} & Execute command over the computers and other electronic devices linked to the network. & & Detect the message and analyze it to obtain information about the communication patterns between the nodes. & \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 4: Cyber-Attacks in Smart grids [14]. The authors in [67] offers a paradigm in which the authors use blockchain technology and smart contracts to improve the security and dependability of the smart grid. Both energy buyers and sellers will profit from the contracts' capacity to serve as a middleman. Productivity will rise, costs will drop, and the system will be safer as a result. After a transaction, a smart meter connected to the blockchain will submit the record, adding a new block to the distributed ledger with a timestamp that may be used to verify the data. The customer's bill can then be determined using the ledger information. The book's main issue is that it doesn't provide enough technical information. In order to achieve decentralization and autonomy, a demand-side management paradigm for intelligent energy networks is described in [68].