## 3 Results, Discussion and Outlook
### Categories of Research Studies
#### 3.2.3 Methods of Training and Techniques  
The rapid integration of autonomous and remote-controlled ships into the maritime industry requires a profound development of seafarers' skills. As the Warsash MASSResearch Center points out, technological advances require a comprehensive analysis of the human-machine interface and a shift in the training of seafarers to the remote operation of ships [55]. The Australian Maritime College (AMC) searches for a proactive approach to developing training on autonomous maritime systems, including a proposed addition to the Maritime Training Package and a MASS Mate/Master' course, which responds to the industry's pressing need for standardized and forward-looking training [56]. Training methods and techniques for autonomous ships should be designed to effectively instruct crew members, operators and other relevant personnel in the operation and management of these advanced ships. It should be adapted to the specific needs and roles of the individuals being trained and to the type of autonomous ship technology being used. In shipping, in addition to the need for good practical training, the importance of general employee skills, such as fast learning and independence, good communication skills and the ability to work in a team, was also emphasized [57]. The future of seafaring depends on adopting autonomous governance solutions, addressing the concerns of future seafarers about possible job displacement and promoting skills diversification to ensure a sustainable maritime industry while recognizing the uniqueness and subjectivity of the responses in this specialized field [58]. As the automated control system and decision support system are widely used, new knowledge and skills need to be incorporated into the existing training [59]. The introduction of crewless technology is expected to improve the accuracy of ship navigation by eliminating human factors and providing uninterrupted information on ships' positions and movement parameters. While there are concerns about potential unemployment, there is a shift towards highly skilled service personnel for the maintenance and repair of automated control systems. Overall, automation simplifies ship control through ready-made software solutions that conform to the MASS concept to reduce operating costs, address the shortage of skilled seafarers and utilize the mathematical models of ships for practical navigation tasks [60]. [PERSON] and [PERSON] [61] emphasize the transformative potential of digital technologies to improve the safety and efficiency of ships and propose a comprehensive educational model by the Italian Maritime Academy. The model emphasizes sustainability, hard skills in modern technology and soft skills, with a focus on cybersecurity. The aim is to train the next generation of seafarers capable of piloting future ships, even remotely from shore-based control centers. [PERSON] and [PERSON]'s study [62] emphasizes the growing importance of effective training for remote operators of autonomous ships. The authors propose the use of a permutation model to create diverse and practical navigation scenarios to close the gap in training time compared to conventional navigators and to ensure the empowerment of future remotely piloted operators, with the potential for a further expansion of research into additional navigation elements and scenario creation. The ongoing transformation of maritime operations towards increasing automation and digitalization requires a re-evaluation of maritime education and training and the introduction of a new conceptual approach, such as quasi-communities (QC), to foster supportive learning environments for future ship operators that adapt to the changing nature of work on board and technological advances [63]. [PERSON] at al. [64] assume that the maritime industry will face a growing demand for shipping and maritime personnel, with an emerging shortage of maritime officers due to different training approaches and the changing nature of seafaring under the influence of technological progress.