# Possibilities of Powering Military Equipment Based on Renewable Energy Sources
## 2 Literature Review
### Operational Rules  
The main, shared medium of electricity transmission in a standard generator is the DC magistrate shown in the Figure 3 (hereafter referred to as the DC magistrate).  
Electricity generated in BEW and BES via the DC magistrate is accumulated in BAE and supplies the receiving devices via the BDE. In case of insufficient or a lack of energy generated by BEW and BES units, the current flows from the BAE to the DBE. In case it is necessary to ensure the continuity of electricity supply to receivers connected to BDE, and in the absence of energy generated continuously and stored in the BAE, electricity must be generated by a generator using non-renewable sources [32].  
Electronic circuit modules used in the described system are used to convert electricity and optimize the operation of solar panels and wind turbines. In order to obtain a common power source for external receivers in a hybrid system combining wind and photovoltaic model, it is necessary to include a power converter that converts alternating current (AC)  
Figure 3: General operation scheme of a solar-wind power generator system (source, prepared by the authors).  
Figure 2: A kit example for mounting a hybrid generator (source, prepared by the authors).  
into direct current (DC) or vice versa. DC systems are also essential for adjusting the current-voltage parameters to a level set for a given system implementation [33; 34].  
The main part of BEW is a wind turbine that converts the kinetic energy of the wind into mechanical energy and then into electricity. It is worth noting that it produces alternating current. Wind turbines can be classified into two types based on the axis around which the turbine rotates. Turbines rotating around a horizontal axis are more common in real life systems. In modern solutions, there is a large variety of forms of such mechanisms. The use of a specific shape and the choice of the rotor operation axis is related to the specific environment in which the generator is supposed to operate.  
The most important parameter influencing the power generated by the wind energy conversion system is its speed, the size of which is proportional to both the effective rotor surface and the cube of the wind speed. Most manufacturers claim that their devices generate electricity at low wind speeds. However, the theoretical basis and mathematical calculations show that for most solutions, acceptable power is only generated at speeds between 20-27 km/h. It is assumed that turbines with such wind generate only 1/8 of their maximum power, which means that, for example, an 800-watt turbine in such conditions produces only 100 W of power [35]. In BEW, the Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) system, also referred to as the advanced maximum power point tracking system, is responsible for reducing the negative impact of wind speed fluctuations on the stability of the generated electricity parameters, which can increase the amount of energy obtained by up to 20% (in relation to the inverter without MPPT). The main task of such system is to \"track\" this point and adjust to its new value as quickly as possible by reducing or increasing the rotational speed of the turbine. The operation of such systems is often improved with the use of the latest solutions in the field of computer technology (e.g., neural networks) [36; 37].  
The rectifier in the BEW converts the alternating current generated by the turbine into a direct current source using power diodes or by controlling the ignition angles of controllable switches. The BEW produced this way should have the characteristics required to be fed to the DC Magistrate.