## 3 Literature Review
### Detailed Analysis  
The framework presented in [30; 31] is focused on the problem of Industrial Internet of Things integration in industry. This framework was developed from multiple application studies, which provides some value to the proposition. Indeed, it covers all the aspects such a project should address. However, the methodological aspect is not precisely defined, which makes it barely usable by practitioners. The most interesting aspect is that it shows that it is necessary to have multi- and inter-disciplinary studies during a project and constant communication with management, in order to establish the validity of the required investments. Several frameworks also point out pertinence to adopt a step-by-step transformation of the manufacturing system: the authors of [32] mention, for example, an evolution before a revolution in their conceptual scheme of Industry 4.0 (Figure 1). From a larger point of view, the authors of [33] introduced a generic methodology framework defined as seven phases, oriented towards managers:  
1. Definition of company vision and strategy for the implementation of Industry 4.0;
2. Identification and description of company processes;
3. Implementation of fully-fledged information system (e.g., ERP/ERP II) and manufacturing data;
4. Digitalization of collected data, creation of digital twins and modification or purchase of machines;
5. Implementation of horizontal integration;
6. Data analysis and vertical integration; \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c} \hline \hline
**Reference** & **Field of Application** & **Range of Application** & **Methodology Description** \\ \hline
[30; 31] & IIoT & Whole project lifecycle & None \\
[32] & Industrial cyber-security & Technical study & None \\
[33] & All industrial fields & Whole project lifecycle & Detailed for managers \\
[34] & Data management in SMEs & Whole project lifecycle & Basic for practitioners \\
[35] & Innovative ICT technologies in industry & Technical study & Basic for managers \\
[36; 37] & Innovative ICT technologies in industry & Technical study & Basic for practitioners \\
[38; 39] & All industrial fields & Technical study & Basic for managers \\
[40] & Evolution of SMEs & Whole project lifecycle & Detailed for managers \\
[41] & Lean based organizations & Whole project lifecycle & Application specific \\
**This Study** & **All industrial fields** & **Whole project lifecycle** & **Detailed for practitioners** \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 1: Literature framework analysis summary. Self-managed production and logistics. This framework articulates different targets and objectives, but misses some guidelines for a practical implementation. Another framework was introduced in [34], which was designed with the objective of integrating a specific technology, in order to assist practitioners in introducing smart manufacturing in SMEs. This framework was based on four major steps:  
1. Identify available manufacturing data;
2. Readiness assessment of data-hierarchy steps;
3. Smart manufacturing tailored vision development;
4. Tools and practices identification. This framework actually mostly focuses on the data management aspect, which constitutes one specific facet of new technology introduction. Therefore, its genericity needs to be extended in order to encompass any type of technology. From a more detailed perspective, a three-stage evolution was defined by [35] for a better adoption of Industry 4.0 technologies. Based on four basic, mainly focused on the data management aspect, the authors illustrated how the characteristics of a system can be progressively enhanced in order to reach (fully or partially) the level of performance that is expected. These frameworks are interesting from a macro perspective, but, again, do not provide any methodological guidelines for a practitioner.