# Implementing Deep Convolutional Neural Networks for QR Code-Based Printed Source Identification
## 4 Experimental Results
### Performance Evaluation of BW QR Codes
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c c c c c c c} \hline \hline \multirow{2}{*}{\
\begin{tabular}{c} **Model** \\ **Name** \\ \end{tabular} } & \multirow{2}{*}{**Optimizer**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**Accuracy**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**1**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**2**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**3**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**4**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**5**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**6**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**7**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**8**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**9**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**10**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**11**} \\ \cline{3-3} \cline{6-14}  & & SGDM & 0.9770 & 0.882 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 0.973 & 0.991 & 1 & 0.995 & 0.987 & 0.921 \\ \cline{2-14} \multirow{2}{*}{
\begin{tabular}{c} \multirow{2}{*}{Net} \\ \end{tabular} } & Adam & 0.9090 & – & – & – & – & – & – & – & – & – & – & – \\ \cline{2-14}  & RMSprop & 0.900 & – & – & – & – & – & – & – & – & – & – \\ \cline{2-14}  & SGDM & 0.9828 & 0.986 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 0.997 & 1 & 0.995 & 0.978 & 1 & 0.910 & 0.945 \\ \cline{2-14}  & Adam & 0.8981 & 0.936 & 0.943 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 0.997 & 0.992 & 0.995 & 0.829 & 0.186 \\ \cline{2-14}  & RMSprop & 0.8420 & 0.984 & 0.913 & 0.839 & 0.785 & 1 & 1 & 0.913 & 0.855 & 0.931 & 0.727 & 0.315 \\ \cline{2-14}  & SGDM & 0.9969 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 0.999 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 0.992 & 1 & 0.975 & 1 \\ \cline{2-14}  & Adam & 0.9776 & 0.954 & 0.984 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 0.990 & 0.842 & 0.996 & 1 & 0.987 \\ \cline{2-14}  & RMSprop & 0.9776 & 0.958 & 0.997 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 0.801 & 0.997 & 1 & 1 \\ \cline{2-14}  & SGDM & 0.9978 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 0.995 & 0.995 & 0.997 & 1 & 0.999 & 0.990 \\ \cline{2-14}  & Adam & 0.9928 & 0.930 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 0.997 & 0.995 & 0.999 & 1 \\ \cline{2-14}  & RMSprop & 0.9966 & 0.999 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 0.964 & 1 & 1 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 6: BW QR Code Per Printer Identification Result for Each Pretrained CNN Model. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c} \hline \hline \multirow{2}{*}{\begin{tabular}{c} ResNet18 \\ \end{tabular} } & \multirow{2}{*}{\begin{tabular}{c} SGDM \\ \end{tabular} } & \multirow{2}{*}{99.9} & \multirow{2}{*}{0.99} & \multirow{2}{*}{1.00} & \multirow{2}{*}{53} \\ \cline{3-3} \cline{6-7}  & Adam & 99.4 & & & & & 0.99 & 0.99 & 55 \\ \cline{2-14}  & RMSprop & 99.4 & & & & 0.99 & 0.99 & 49 \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{\begin{tabular}{c} ResNet50 \\ \end{tabular} } & \multirow{2}{*}{\begin{tabular}{c} SGDM \\ \end{tabular} } & \multirow{2}{*}{99.9} & \multirow{2}{*}{1.00} & \multirow{2}{*}{1.00} & \multirow{2}{*}{1.00} & \multirow{2}{*}{108} \\ \cline{3-3} \cline{6-7}  & Adam & 99.5 & & & 0.99 & & 0.99 & 124 \\ \cline{2-14}  & RMSprop & 99.5 & & & 0.99 & & 0.99 & 121 \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{\begin{tabular}{c} VGG16 \\ \end{tabular} } & \multirow{2}{*}{\begin{tabular}{c} SGDM \\ \end{tabular} } & \multirow{2}{*}{99.6} & \multirow{2}{*}{0.99} & \multirow{2}{*}{0.99} & \multirow{2}{*}{1.00} & \multirow{2}{*}{114} \\ \cline{3-3} \cline{6-7}  & Adam & 9.09 & & & 0.01 & & 0.09 & 0.91 & – \\ \cline{2-14}  & RMSprop & 9.09 & & & & 0.99 & & 1.00 & 51 \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{\
\begin{tabular}{c} Our Model \\ \end{tabular} } & \multirow{2}{*}{
\begin{tabular}{c} SGDM \\ \end{tabular} } & \multirow{2}{*}{99.7} & \multirow{2}{*}{0.99} & \multirow{2}{*}{0.99} & \multirow{2}{*}{1.00} & \multirow{2}{*}{59} \\ \cline{3-3} \cline{6-7}  & Adam & 99.7 & & & & 0.99 & 1.00 & 59 \\ \cline{2-14}  & RMSprop & 99.8 & & & & 0.99 & 1.00 & 55 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular} (“\(-\)” means data can be ignored).  
\end{table} 
Table 5: _Cont._According to the results in Table 6, the printer that can be most easily identified using the pretrained CNN models is the Epson L3110 (printer model number 5). Please refer to Table 1 for the Model Name. It is worth noting that this printer has the most prominent banding compared to the other models. The Fuji Xerox P355d (printer model number 6) takes the second position, while the third position is a tie between the HP M283 (multicolor laserjet printer that can also print in color) and the HP M401 (black-and-white laserjet printer).