## 3 Results and Discussion
### Nanoindentation-Based Basic Mechanical Property Assessment
#### 3.2.1 Obtained Data and Metallurgical-Microstructural Evaluation
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c} \hline \hline \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Input Variables**} & \multicolumn{3}{c}{**Outcome Parameters**} \\ \hline  & & **Overall** & **Indentation** & **Fraction of the Elastic** \\  & & **Hardness H\({}_{\text{it}}\)** & **Modulus of Elasticity E\({}_{\text{it}}\)** & **Absorbed** \\  & & & **Elasticity E\({}_{\text{it}}\)** & **Energy n\({}_{\text{it}}\)** \\ \hline \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Initial**} & & & \\ \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Indentation**} & & & \\ \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Dependent (nm)**} & & & \\ \hline  & 13.5 & 929 & 244 & 28.1 \\
1000 & 4.4 & 949 & 235 & 28.9 \\  & 2.24 & 963 & 245 & 29 \\ \hline  & 13.5 & 864 & 267 & 25.1 \\
1500 & 4.4 & 895 & 255 & 26.3 \\  & 2.24 & 799 & 227 & 27.4 \\ \hline  & 13.5 & 800 & 255 & 24 \\
2000 & 4.4 & 797 & 246 & 24.5 \\  & 2.24 & 826 & 227 & 26.4 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 1: Summary of the results of the effect of loading speed and preset depth on the hardness (Hit), the modulus of elasticity (Eit), and the elastic absorbed energy (nit). Figure 1: Effect of preset depth and loading speed on the indentation hardness H\({}_{\text{it}}\). Based on the data of Table 1 and Figures 1-3, the following points are addressed:  
* The analysis of the indentation modulus of elasticity (Eit) presents a nuanced picture, particularly when considering the effect of preset depth. Identifying a clear trend in Eit values in relation to preset depth proves challenging. However, an observable influence is noted with changes in loading speed; a decrease in loading speed generally leads to a reduction in Eit, an effect that becomes more pronounced at preset depths of 1500 and 2000 nm. Several critical factors contribute to this behavior. Firstly, Eit and elasticity (E), more broadly, are intrinsically linked to the elastic strain field within the lattice and the bond energy among atoms. This fundamental relationship underscores the mechanical response of materials under indentation. Secondly, the concept of Local Chemical Order (LCO), as discussed in studies [28; 29; 30; 31; 32], highlights the degree of atomic ordering within alloys. [PERSON] et al. [28] illustrate that alloys, when subjected to high heat treatment temperatures, tend to resemble a fully disordered solid solution characterized by a random atomic distribution within the lattice. This state is associated with high configurational entropy and minimal ordering. In contrast, at lower temperatures or in the as-cast condition, there is invariably some presence of LCO, leading to the regional formation of ordered atomic clusters. Such conditions lower configurational entropy and elevate LCO values. The manifestation of LCO, where atomic movement and organization into ordered clusters occur, serves to alleviate the  
Figure 3: Effect of preset depth and loading speed on the indentation absorbed elastic energy n\({}_{\text{it}}\). Figure 2: Effect of preset depth and loading speed on the indentation modulus of elasticity E\({}_{\text{it}}\). elastic strain energy in highly disordered structures, consequently reducing elastic moduli. Thirdly, the impact of LCO extends beyond temperature influences, encompassing potential stress fields induced during mechanical loading. For instance, [PERSON] et al. [10] observed in their nanoindentation study of a CoCrFeMnNi high-entropy alloy that a stress gradient between dislocations and the bulk material promotes the segregation of elements from the distorted lattice to dislocation lines. This process aims to mitigate the intense lattice stress field and foster the formation of thermodynamically stable atomic clusters driven by enthalpy of formation. Notably, the propensity for atomic migration, leading to enhanced LCO, is greater when dislocations show low mobility or are stationary. Considering these insights, it is logical to deduce that at reduced loading speeds, the diminished mobility of dislocations augments atomic movement and LCO formation.