## 3 Results and Discussion
### Volatile Aroma Compounds
#### 3.2.7. Esters
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Co.** & **Volatile Aroma Compounds** & **ID** & **LRI\({}_{\text{exp}}\)** & **LRI\({}_{\text{lit}}\)** & **F-Ratio** & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Treatment**} \\ \hline  & & & & & & \multicolumn{2}{c}{_SCE_} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{_LEV_} \\ \hline AC1 & 2-Methylbutyric acid & MS, LRI & 1675 & 1674 & 140.473 & 61.10 \(\pm\) 2.96 \({}^{\text{a}}\) & 37.60 \(\pm\) 1.74 \({}^{\text{b}}\) \\ AC2 & Isovaleric acid & S, MS, LRI & 1672 & 1675 & 70.105 & 181.2 \(\pm\) 16.8 \({}^{\text{a}}\) & 76.8 \(\pm\) 13.5 \({}^{\text{b}}\) \\ AC3 & Isohexanoic acid & MS, LRI & 1810 & 1809 & 17.914 & 0.393 \(\pm\) 0.049 \({}^{\text{a}}\) & 0.249 \(\pm\) 0.032 \({}^{\text{b}}\) \\ AC4 & 2-Methylpropenoic acid & MS, LRI & 1697 & - & 16.205 & 0.148 \(\pm\) 0.021 \({}^{\text{a}}\) & 0.094 \(\pm\) 0.009 \({}^{\text{b}}\) \\ AC5 & Isobutyric acid & S, MS, LRI & 1570 & 1570 & 8.101 & 1.95 \(\pm\) 0.17 \({}^{\text{b}}\) & 2.57 \(\pm\) 0.33 \({}^{\text{a}}\) \\ AC6 & Propanoic acid & S, MS, LRI & 1537 & 1540 & 7.407 & 5.02 \(\pm\) 0.54 & 3.75 \(\pm\) 0.60 \\ AC7 & Tetradecanoic acid & MS, LRI & 2696 & 2693 & 6.125 & 0.635 \(\pm\) 0.098 & 0.494 \(\pm\) 0.007 \\ AC8 & Hexanoic acid (mg/L) \(\ddagger\) & S, MS, LRI & 1824 & 1828 & 3.675 & 6.74 \(\pm\) 0.71 & 5.76 \(\pm\) 0.52 \\ AC9 & Heptanoic acid & S, MS, LRI & 1954 & 1955 & 2.922 & 4.63 \(\pm\) 0.32 & 3.98 \(\pm\) 0.57 \\ AC10 & Undecanoic acid & MS, LRI & 2346 & 2359 & 2.833 & 0.039 \(\pm\) 0.029 & 0.010 \(\pm\) 0.009 \\ AC11 & Butyric acid \(\ddagger\) & S, MS, LRI & 1617 & 1612 & 2.829 & 1.46 \(\pm\) 0.08 & 1.31 \(\pm\) 0.13 \\ AC12 & 2-Propenoic acid & MS & 1641 & - & 2.190 & 0.740 \(\pm\) 0.023 & 0.890 \(\pm\) 0.174 \\ AC13 & 9-Decenoic acid & MS, LRI & 2330 & 2335 & 1.861 & 13.41 \(\pm\) 1.80 & 11.29 \(\pm\) 2.00 \\ AC14 & Octanoic acid (mg/L) \(\ddagger\) & S, MS, LRI & 2043 & 2042 & 1.696 & 7.10 \(\pm\) 0.96 & 6.21 \(\pm\) 0.69 \\ AC15 & Pivalic acid & MS, LRI & 1581 & 1579 & 1.486 & 1.73 \(\pm\) 0.31 & 1.43 \(\pm\) 0.29 \\ AC16 & 2-Ethlyhexanoic acid & MS, LRI & 1953 & 1960 & 1.321 & 3.71 \(\pm\) 0.77 & 4.41 \(\pm\) 0.73 \\ AC17 & 3-Octenoic acid & MS & 2102 & - & 0.700 & 1.67 \(\pm\) 0.79 & 1.21 \(\pm\) 0.55 \\ AC18 & Decanoic acid (mg/L) \(\ddagger\) & S, MS, LRI & 2257 & 2258 & 0.425 & 2.60 \(\pm\) 0.45 & 2.34 \(\pm\) 0.52 \\ AC19 & Pentanoic acid & S, MS, LRI & 1741 & 1751 & 0.305 & 3.24 \(\pm\) 0.21 & 3.39 \(\pm\) 0.44 \\ AC20 & Nonanoic acid & S, MS, LRI & 2168 & 2168 & 0.057 & 21.43 \(\pm\) 8.17 & 23.88 \(\pm\) 15.82 \\ AC21 & _trans_-2-Hexenoic acid & MS, LRI & 1968 & 1967 & 0.007 & 0.529 \(\pm\) 0.042 & 0.525 \(\pm\) 0.086 \\ AC22 & 4-Methyl-3-pentenoic acid & MS & 1595 & - & 0.004 & 1.50 \(\pm\) 0.14 & 1.49 \(\pm\) 0.44 \\ \hline  & & & & & & & \\ \end{tabular} Abbreviations: Co.—compound’s code. ID—identification of compounds: S—retention time accordant with that of a pure standard; MS—mass spectra accordant with that from NIST 2.0, Wiley 8, and FFNSC 2 mass spectra databases from electronic libraries or literature; LRI—linear retention index accordant with the index from the literature. Compounds with only MS in the ID column were considered tentatively identified. LRI\({}_{\text{exp}}\)—experimental linear retention index; LRI\({}_{\text{lit}}\)—linear retention index from the literature. _SCE—Sacchuromyces cerevisiae_ (control, pure culture); \(LEV\)—_Lachmaca thermotolerans_ (sequentially inoculated; fermentation finished by S. cerevisiae (_SCE_) inoculated at 2 vol % ethanol). Different superscript lowercase letters in a row represent statistically significant differences among two investigated wines determined by one-way ANOVA and least significant difference test (LSD) at \(p<0.05\).  
\end{table}