esa-sceva/satcom-chunk-collection huggingface dataset:
## 3 Results and Discussion  
### Influence of LPArP Treatment on BC Membrane Surface Properties  
To analyze the changes in the chemical structure of the BC surfaces after treatment with LPArP, the ATR-FTIR and XPS methods were used. Figure 1 presents the regions of 1800-800 cm\({}^{-1}\) of the ATR--FTIR spectra of the untreated BC and the BC treated with LPArP, depending on the treatment time. The obtained spectra from all tested BC samples showed the characteristic absorption band profile for BC, with bands at 897 cm\({}^{-1}\) assigned to C-O-C bending vibration of (1-4) \(\beta\) linkage, \(\sim\)1060-1030 cm\({}^{-1}\) corresponding to C-O stretching, 1111 cm\({}^{-1}\) assigned to the C-C stretching ring in polysaccharides, \(\sim\)1160 cm\({}^{-1}\) indicating C-O-C stretching of the glycosylic bond of the crystalline cellulose, 1370 cm\({}^{-1}\) assigned to C-H stretching vibrations, and 1430 cm\({}^{-1}\) indicating the symmetric CH\({}_{2}\) bending vibration and referred to as a \"crystallinity band\". The next band at 1640 cm\({}^{-1}\) marks the H-O-H bending of absorbed water molecules [37; 38; 39; 40; 41]. The time-dependent BC surface treatment with LPArP was evident in the spectra through a gradual increase in the intensity of absorption in the band at 1720 cm\({}^{-1}\), which is attributed to the carbonyl group (C=O stretching vibrations) [42]. The intensity of this band increased with time and reached a plateau after 480 s of treatment with the LPArP. The appearance of this band can indicate the oxidation of the -OH group of anhydrous D-glucose units in the BC microfibrils or the formation of a carbonyl group after pyranose ring cleavage between C1 and C2 and further oxidation [43]. It is also in accordance with the observed reduction in band intensity at a wavelength range of \(\approx\)1050 cm\({}^{-1}\)--\(\approx\)950 cm\({}^{-1}\) that can be associated with conformational changes in the pyranose ring and the primary alcohols at the C6 carbon typical for more amorphous bacterial cellulose.  
Figure 1: The ATR—FTIR spectra of the control BC (C) and the BC modified with LPArP for various times (120 s, 240 s, 480 s, and 960 s). The red arrow marking the changes in the intensity of the band at 1720 cm\({}^{-1}\) is assigned to the C=O group. The spectra were normalized to band area at 1161 cm\({}^{-1}\).  
The values of the IR crystallinity indices LOI and TCI decreased with the modification time, while the value of the HBI increased (Table 1). The most significant changes in the IR crystallinity indices were noted until 480 s of treatment. The changes in values of TCI and LOI clearly indicated that the structure of LPArP-treated BC is characterized by lower crystallinity and ordered structure as a result of the destructive action of the argon plasma [38; 44].
## 5 Experimental and Results  
### Experimental Setup  
The experiments are performed using the proposed experimental system shown in Figure 6, and the PMSMs used for the motor control and the load (YASKAWA, Kitakyushu, Japan) in the experiment are connected via the coupling shown in Figure 7. The encoder (Heidenhain, Traunreut, Germany) is mounted on the rotor axis of the PMSM.
## 2 Materials and Methods
### Preparation of Rhodomonas sp. Proteins Extract  
Crude protein from _Rhodomonas_ sp. was obtained after the microalga cell lysis step. Eight cell lysis methods were tested:  
Method I: 30 mg of alumina powder was added to 30 mg of microalgal biomass and suspended in 3 mL of distilled water. Grinding of the sample was performed using a cold mortar (PZRT 60 mm Manual Ceramics Grinder) in ice for 15 min.  
Method II: 30 mg of microalgal biomass was suspended in 3 mL of distilled water and vortexed for two minutes. The sample was frozen at \(-20\)\({}^{\circ}\)C and defrosted until completely thawed. This procedure was repeated five times to allow cell lysis.  
Method III: 30 mg of microalgal biomass was suspended in 3 mL of distilled water and vortexed for two minutes. Sonication was then performed for 5 min, using an ultrasonic bath (Ultrasons, [PERSON], Barcelona, Spain), filled with cold distilled water.  
Method IV: similar to Method III, differing only by the sonication time: 10 min (cycle: 5 min sonication, 5 min rest time) instead of 5 min.  
Method V: this treatment is similar to Method II, differing only by the sonication time: 15 min instead of 10 min.  
Method VI: 30 mg of microalgal biomass was suspended in 3 mL of distilled water and vortexed for two minutes. The sample was then subjected to probe sonication at 20 kHz for 5 min on ice (cycle: 20 s pulse time, 20 s rest time) using a probe sonicator (Sonics, 130 W).  
Method VII: similar to Method VI, differing only by the sonication time: 10 min instead of 5 min.  
Method VIII: similar to Method VI, differing only by the sonication time: 15 min instead of 5 min.  
After lysis steps, cells were centrifuged at 6000\(\times\)\(g\) for 30 min at 4 \({}^{\circ}\)C and supernatants were recovered. Proteins' concentrations in the obtained crude extracts were determined through Lowry method [3] using bovine serum albumin (BSA) as standard.  
Proteins were precipitated as described by [PERSON] et al. [35]. Briefly, ice-cold acetone was added to each recovered supernatant (2:1). The mixture was incubated at \(-20\)\({}^{\circ}\)C during 24 h and then centrifuged at 6000\(\times\)\(g\) for 30 min at 4 \({}^{\circ}\)C. The obtained pellet was collected and freeze-dried.
## 1 Introduction
The proposed method not only retains the inversion capabilities of the original algorithm, but also eliminates the need for storing and processing a large matrix throughout the program execution, thus reducing the memory usage, increasing computational efficiency and achieving the goal of fast 3D inversion. We use Python tools to implement the acceleration algorithm and develop 3D gravity data inversion software, in which the user graphical interface (GUI), data management and visualization are constructed using PyQt5. Finally, this paper demonstrates the inversion performance of the accelerated algorithm using both synthetic and real measurement data. It also presents a comparison of the calculation time of the accelerated algorithm and the traditional algorithm for different mesh numbers, thus clearly explaining the improved calculation speed of our algorithm.
## 5 Deployment
### Proposal Adjustment  
The _Proposal Adjustment_ functional block depends on the number of particles and matched observations. Therefore, monodimensional and bi-dimensional parallelizations are possible. This is achieved by assigning particles to blocks and observations to threads. The choice is motivated by the necessity of collaborative data management within the same particle. Therefore, an external loop iterates over the particles, and an internal loop over the observations. Consequently, the different parallelization modalities are achieved according to the following grid configurations:  
Figure 7: Data association pipeline.  
Sequential configuration \((1B1T)\): one block and one thread.
* Thread-based configuration \((1 BNT)\): one block and \(min(N_{o},1024)\) threads--parallel on the observations and sequential on the particles.
* Block-based configuration \((MB1T)\): \(N_{p}\) blocks and one thread--parallel on the particles and sequential on the observations.
* Two-dimension configuration \((MBNT)\): \(N_{p}\) blocks and \(min(N_{o},1024)\) threads--parallel on the particles and the observations.  
Algorithm 4 summarizes the proposal adjustment step. Each line corresponds to a block that is further expanded in Algorithms A13-A17 in Appendix A.5.  
```
1:for\(m=blockId\) to \(N_{p}\), step = \(gridDim\)do
2: Initialization \(\Sigma_{0},\mu_{0}\)
3: Preparation for adjustment
4:\(\Sigma_{m}\) computation
5:\(\mu\) correction computation
6: Correction application
7:endfor
```  
**Algorithm 4** Proposal Adjustment  
Each block carries out a separate operation on the shared memory, which is why threads are synchronized at the end of each block. In particular, the shared memory variables, highlighted with comments in the relative algorithms, are related to the cumulative computation of the correction applied to the robot's pose estimate based on the matched observations. In Algorithm A16, the innovation is computed for a second time to accommodate the cases in which \(N_{o}>1024\) because each block would tackle multiple observations sequentially, and the innovation values would be overwritten in the local memory threads.  
The cumulative prefix sums in Algorithms A16 and A17 are carried out through stride-like parallel reduction to avoid bank conflicts as in [69].  
This functional block significantly uses the shared memory. Therefore, the main limitation in memory availability resides in the shared memory per block.
## 3 Results and Discussion
### Accelerated Storage Trials
Likewise, since the onset of TBARS is associated with the formation of carbonyl compounds as a result of peroxide degradation [5], the inhibition of the increase in TBARS could be attributed to limited peroxide formation. However, the supremacy of FA over the other phenolic acids tested might suggest that its involvement in TBARS formation could embrace complicated chemical pathways. In any case, the behavior of an antioxidant with regard to preventing lipid oxidation might be affected by several factors, such as its hydrogen-donating ability, the stability of the resonance form of the phenoxy radicals, the presence of other minor oil constituents, temperature, substrate structure (fatty acid unsaturation), etc. [4]. The activities of CA and FA could be attributed to their hydrogen-donating ability from the phenolic hydroxyls and stabilization of the radicals formed through resonance in a conjugated \(\pi\)-system. The methoxy group placed in the meta position in FA, or the lack of \(o\)-hydroxyl group in CouA, reduces the phenolic hydrogen availability and oxidized FA and CouA form fewer stable radicals compared to CA [46]. In this regard, it could be argued that the effectiveness of CA in increasing the IP is associated to the formation of \(o\)-quinone and CA regeneration by disproportionation of the semi-quinone radical, which is initially formed by the reaction between CA and the free radicals present in OKO. Taking into account the diverse results obtained by testing natural antioxidants on a high number of lipid foods [10], it would then be anticipated that polyphenols may not afford the same protection for oils with significant differences in their composition. Although studies using simplified assays with model radicals (DPPH\({}^{\bullet}\)) have long before attempted to correlated structural features (number of phenolic hydroxyl groups, \(o\)-dihydroxy structure, methylation) with the antioxidant activity of hydroxycinnamates [47; 48], later findings have suggested that there may be major discrepancies in reliably ranking CA, FA, and CouA [49; 40]. Thus, the estimation of the stability that an antioxidant may offer to a specific substrate is a subject of case experimentation.
# Estimation of Impact Loads Transmitted to Vibro-Ripper Housing Using Transfer Path Analysis
## 4 Conclusions  
A vibration-based transfer path analysis method was developed for estimating impact loads generated during vibro-ripper operation. Impact loads in each direction and on each part of a vibro-ripper were estimated quantitatively during its operation, and the contribution of loads generated by and transmitted to link modules analyzed.  
Figure 11: Relative contributions of impact loads conveyed to the housing through each path.  
The contribution of impact loads in each component was evaluated by a load contribution map (Figure 11). Using the load contribution map, we analyzed the frequency bands that are commonly used for load transfer. The frequency bands above 50 Hz showed a minor effect of impact loads transmitted to the housing. The applicability of the TPA method to a mechanical system with impact vibrations and loads was verified by comparison of the striking force of the shank, measured from a load cell, with transmitted loads calculated using the TPA method. Results of this study may be important input values for numerical analysis in equipment design and can be used as key data for structural safety evaluation and optimization.  
Further verification experiments are required to verify the validity of the proposed load estimation method, and further studies employing the vibration-based load measurement and evaluation methods used here for rotating bodies could lead to new concepts for estimation of operating loads in construction machines whose loads are difficult to measure.  
Conceptualization, J.C. and C.S.; methodology, C.S. and D.K.; software, C.S. and D.K.; validation, H.-J.P., J.-Y.O. and J.-W.C.; formal analysis, C.S. and D.K.; investigation, C.S., D.K. and H.-J.P.; resources, J.-Y.O. and J.-W.C.; data curation, H.-J.P.; writing--original draft preparation, C.S. and D.K.; writing--review and editing, J.C. and C.S.; visualization, D.K and H.-J.P.; supervision, C.S.; project administration, J.-Y.O. and J.C.; funding acquisition, J.-Y.O. and J.C. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.  
This work was conducted with the support of the \"National R&D Project for Smart Construction Technology (No.1615013104)\" funded by the Korea Agency for Infrastructure Technology Advancement under the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport, and managed by the Korea Expressway Corporation. Additionally, this work was supported by a National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) grant funded by the Korean government (MEST) (NRF-2021R1A2C2007979).  
Not applicable.  
We would like to express our special thanks to [PERSON] for advice on experimental design and data analysis.  
The authors declare no conflict of interest.
## 1 Introduction
### Threshold-Based Approach
The improvement of this work with respect to the previous work is that it does not design sophisticated observers but it overcomes the potential risks of the model and environment uncertainties and improves detection performance by simply exploring data and defining the optimization problem. It is also shown that the statistical analysis only using a small amount of the normal data obtained from the sensor is sufficient for identifying the normality without analyzing the state tendency or estimation of the system. To use the predefined thresholds efficiently, we design the new structure that the storage with adaptive thresholds regarding each operation is added to the basic structure of the model-based fault detection, and a pair of adaptive thresholds retrieved timely from the storage is used to detect faults. Furthermore, our method is applied to the actual cases of automotive CPS and its outstanding performance is proved against other techniques. Hence, the proposed method enables automotive CPS to improve the safety of drivers by providing a high level of accuracy in fault detection. The remainder of this paper is organized as follows. In Section 2, we describe the background, challenges to be addressed, and our approach at an abstract level to achieve the goal in this paper. Section 3 provides the detailed description of our proposed methodology, which consists of residual generation, residual evaluation, and adaptive threshold pool generation. In Section 4, we evaluate the performance of the proposed adaptive thresholds, compared with those of other dynamic threshold techniques. Finally, the paper is concluded with future work in Section 5.
## 2 System Model and Problem Formulation
### System Model
Hence, the sum secure rate in a NOMA pair \(R_{p}^{\text{sec}}\) is \(R_{p}^{\text{sec}}=r_{a}^{\text{sec}}+r_{d}^{\text{sec}}\). Table 1 lists the notations used in this paper. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c} \hline \hline
**Symbol** & **Definition** \\ \hline \(\mathbf{M}=\{1,2,\ldots,m,\ldots,M\}\) & set of UAVs or clusters \\ \(\mathbf{K}=\{1,2,\ldots,k,\ldots,K\}\) & set of channels \\ \(\mathbf{N_{p}}=\{1,2,\ldots,p,\ldots,N_{p}\}\) & set of NOMA pairs \\ \(B\) & total channel bandwidth \\ \(B_{t}\) & subchannel bandwidth of a cluster \\ \(B_{p}\) & subchannel bandwidth of a NOMA pair \\ \(P_{a}/P_{d}\) & transmit power of adjacent/distant user \\ \(P_{\max}\) & maximum transmit power of users \\ \(P_{u}\) & transmit power of UAVs \\ \(h_{u}\) & height of UAVs \\ \(h_{\min}/h_{\max}\) & minimum/maximum height of UAVs \\ \(G_{d}^{U\to X}\) & channel power gain from UAVs to HAP or EVE \\ \(G_{d}^{U\to X}\) & channel power gain from distant user to UAV or EVE \\ \(\text{PL}_{\text{DU}}/\text{PL}_{\text{UH}}\) & path loss in user-UAV/UAV-HAP links \\ \(D_{\text{DU}}\) & Euclidean distance from the user to the UAV \\ \(D_{\text{UH}}\) & Euclidean distance from the UAV to the HAP \\ \(i\) & iteration of the K-means cluster pair algorithm \\ \(\mathbf{Q}\) & 2D coordinates of UAVs \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 1: Notations.
###### Abstract  
This paper reports the synthesis of a new printable ABS-MWCNT composite filament, for use in fused deposition modeling (FDM), using an extrusion technique. Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) were the initial materials used for fabricating the filaments. The MWCNTs were dispersed in ABS resin, then extruded through a single-shaft extruder in filament form, with MWCNT contents of 0.5%, 1%, 1.5%, 2%, 3% or 4% by weight. After extrusion, the diameter of the filaments was about 1.75 mm, making them appropriate for FDM. The as-synthesized filaments were then used in FDM to print out samples, on which tensile tests and other analyses were carried out. The results demonstrate that the sample with 2% MWCNTs had the highest strength value, 44.57 MPa, comprising a 42% increase over that of the pure ABS sample. The morphology and dispersion of MWCNTs in the composite were observed by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), demonstrating the uniform distribution of MWCNTs in the ABS matrix. The thermal behavior results indicated no significant change in the ABS structure; however, the melt flow index of the filaments decreased with an increase in the MWCNT content.  
3D printing; FDM; ABS; multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs); composite filament +
Footnote †: journal: Applied Sciences  
Article  
Microstructure Evaluation and Thermal-Mechanical Properties of ABS Matrix Composite Filament Reinforced with Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes by a Single Screw Extruder for FDM 3D Printing
###### Abstract  
The polyol method has been used to synthesize CoNiFe and CoNiZn alloy nanoparticles (NPs). The magnetic characteristics of the products have been measured by vibration sample magnetometry (VSM) analysis. At the same time, the microstructure and morphology were inspected by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), respectively. Magnetic measurement of samples by the VSM indicated that samples have soft ferromagnetic behavior. Spherical-shaped grains for samples were confirmed by the SEM. MTT (3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolzolium bromide) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) assays were used to determine the cytotoxic effects of the synthesized NPs. Cytotoxic evaluations showed that treatment with 25 to 400 ug/mL of CoNiZn and CoNiFe NPs exerted a significant time- and concentration-dependent toxicity in MCF7 and HUVEC cells and markedly enhanced the LDH leakage after 48 h of exposure (_p_ < 0.05 compared with untreated cells). Furthermore, NPs with concentrations higher than 12.5 ug/mL induced evident morphological changes in the studied cell lines. Treatment with 12.5 ug/mL of CoNiZn and CoNiFe NPs was safe and did not affect normal human cell survival. The results of in vitro cytotoxicity assessments show promise in supporting the suitability of the synthesized NPs to build high-performance theranostic nanoplatforms for simultaneous cancer imaging and therapy without affecting normal human cells.  
naterials; cytotoxicity; nanoparticles; magnetic; in vitro; biomedical applications; cancer treatment +
Footnote †: journal: Applied Sci.  
1 Farnhgani University, Tehran 19396-14464, Iran; [EMAIL_ADDRESS]  
2 Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, University of Kashan, Kashan 87317-51167, Iran  
3 Department of Physics, University of Kashan, Kashan 87317-51167, Iran  
4 Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Resistant Tuberculosis Institute, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan 98167-43463, Iran; [EMAIL_ADDRESS]  
5 Department of Physics, University of Zahed, Zahed 98163-35856, Iran  
6 Department of Pharmacy, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan; [EMAIL_ADDRESS]  
7 Institute of Materials Physics and Engineering, Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, 10129 Turin, Italy  
8
### Influence of Weld Path  
A weld path, or weld segment, is commonly encountered in continuous seam welding processes like TIG or laser welding. Each segment, also known as a weld pass, can be executed in either a forward or backward direction. To minimize distortion during welding, the weld paths that join components must be carefully selected [26; 27]. This can involve breaking welds into shorter subwelds and adjusting the sequence and direction of these subwelds [9]. During welding, the localized heat causes expansion in the weld zone, while surrounding cooler areas restrain this expansion. As the weld cools, contraction occurs. The path of the weld determines how these expansions and contractions distribute within the structure, influencing the overall distortion patterns. The direction of the weld path can either amplify or reduce the residual stresses created by thermal expansion and contraction [28]. If the weld path is planned to balance heat distribution, distortions can be minimized. The influence of the weld path and the sequence are often studied interconnected in an optimization framework, where FEM simulation models are often utilized to predict the behavior of the assembly [29; 30]. Genetic algorithms have been studied extensively for the optimization of weld paths due to the similarity to the travelling salesman problem [29; 31; 32]. [PERSON] and [PERSON] proposed a surrogate model to solve the coupled weld sequence and weld path problem [7]. [PERSON] et al. performed a literature review on the optimization of the weld path considering the cycle time for robot planning, where several studies are mentioned addressing the problem with a meta-heuristic algorithm [33]. This paper focuses on studying the influence of the direction of the weld path and sequence while considering the fixturing of the components to reduce distortion, which is the core structural optimization problem under investigation.