## 3 Research Methods and Data
### Data Source and Parameter Processing  
The data used in this paper mainly include the land use data, precipitation, potential evapotranspiration, soil depth data, root depth, evapotranspiration coefficient, soil saturated hydraulic conductivity, watershed data and elevation. The natural environment and socio-economic factors explored for the influencing factors of water conservation include vegetation coverage (NDVI), net primary productivity of vegetation (NPP), population density, distance from cities and towns, regional GDP. Table 1 summarizes the data source and the data localization processing used in this study.  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c} \hline
**Data Required** & **Data Source** \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{Land Use} & Downloaded from the Data Center for Resource and Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences [35; 36] ([[https://www.resdc.cn/](https://www.resdc.cn/)]([https://www.resdc.cn/](https://www.resdc.cn/)) (accessed on 4 December 2021)), including 4 periods of data in 2000, 2005, 2010 and 2018, with a spatial resolution of 100 m \(\times\) 100 m. \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{Precipitation} & Source from China Meteorological Data Network ([[https://data.cma.cn/](https://data.cma.cn/)]([https://data.cma.cn/](https://data.cma.cn/)) (accessed on 4 December 2021)) Monthly precipitation data from 2000 to 2018 were obtained by spatial interpolation using the meteorological software ANUSPLIN 4.1. \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{Potential evapotranspiration} & Solar radiation data from the World Climate website ([[https://www.worldclim.org/](https://www.worldclim.org/)]([https://www.worldclim.org/](https://www.worldclim.org/)) (accessed on 4 December 2021)), Temperature data from China Weather Data Network ([[https://data.cma.cn/](https://data.cma.cn/)]([https://data.cma.cn/](https://data.cma.cn/)) (accessed on 4 December 2021)), Calculated using Modified-Hargreaves formula. \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{Maximum soil depth} & Soil depth data of Yunnan Province was extracted from the 1:1 million soil database of the Cold and Arid Zone Scientific Data Center, with a spatial resolution of 1 km. \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{Root depth} & Referring to existing studies, the CSV table of root depth was constructed by land use/cover type as a unit [25; 37]. \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{Plant available water content (PAWC)} & The sand, powder, clay and organic carbon contents of the study area were extracted from the 1:1 million soil database of the Cold and Arid Zone Scientific Data Center, and PAWC was the difference between the field water holding capacity and the permanent wilting coefficient, both of which were calculated by the empirical equation [38]. \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{Soil saturation hydraulic conductivity} & Soil data sets in the study area were extracted based on the Chinese soil data set mask, and the saturated hydraulic conductivity of the soil was calculated using the field calculator in the attribute table. \\ \cline{1-1}  & \(\sigma_{i}^{2}\) and \(\sigma_{i}^{2}\) are the variances of the study area and layer \(i\), respectively. \\ \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}
Table 1: Data source and parameter localization.