## 6 Discussion  
The aim of our study was to investigate the effects of 24 weeks of a WBPC program on changes in whole-body posture in youth swimmers. A further aim of our study was to look for the correlation between variables of the posture analysis and shoulder function-related pain. The main results of the study were as follows: the experimental group exhibited significant improvements in all postural parameters measured by PostureScreen, including (ATK, CVA, ASE, TAA, TLA, TAT, and TLT). Conversely, no significant changes were observed in the control group. Prior to the implementation of the exercise program, a high prevalence of habitual postural inadequacy was noted. However, after the completion of the program, a significant improvement in postural alignment was observed. These findings are consistent with previous studies that primarily focused on analyzing posture  
Figure 3: Changes in postural parameters among swimmers. Abbreviations: ATK: angulation of thoracal kyphosis, CVA: cervicovertebral angulation, ASF: angulation of skull flexion, TAA: total anterior angulation, TLA: total lateral angulation, TAT: total anterior translation, and TLT: total lateral translation. * Significant difference (\(p<0.05\)) between experimental and control group. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c c} \hline \hline  & **Change in** & **Change in** & **Change of** & **Change of** & **Change of** & **Change of** & **Change of** \\  & **ATK** & **CVA** & **ASF** & **TAA** & **TLA** & **TAT** & **TLT** \\ \hline Change of & r = 0.438 & r = 0.448 & r = 0.498 & r = 0.189 & r = 0.230 & r = 0.415 & r = 0.280 \\ \hline \(p\) value & \(p<0.001\)** & \(p<0.000\)** & \(p<0.001\)** & \(p=0.174\) & \(p=0.098\) & \(p=0.002\)* & \(p=0.042\)* \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 3: Pearson correlation between change in posture parameters and the change in SFPS score. in the shoulder girdle and head region. Specifically, studies by [PERSON] (2006) [16] and [PERSON] (2010) [17] reported significant improvements in shoulder alignment, while [PERSON] (2010) [17] also observed improved head girdle protraction following a 6-8 week intervention training period. The experimental training group exhibited a reduction in both the intensity and frequency of pain, specifically in the anterior region of the shoulder. Conversely, the control subjects did not experience any positive changes in these variables following the training program. Prior to the intervention, 70% of the swimmers in our study reported experiencing pain in the anterior shoulder region, and this prevalence was consistent across both groups. These findings align with previous research, which has reported a wide range in the prevalence of shoulder pain among swimmers, ranging from 35% to 91%. Several publications [4; 5; 6; 10; 11; 12; 14; 15] have indicated that shoulder pain in swimmers is a complex condition with multiple contributing factors, although the primary cause is believed to be the repetitive overhead motion involved in swimming [9]. When considering factors that contribute to the development of shoulder pain in adolescent competitive swimmers, it is crucial to examine their habitual posture. Postural dysfunction abnormality is an intrinsic factor that can potentially lead to the onset of shoulder pain. During adolescence, maintaining good posture becomes even more important due to the rapid growth changes that occur. Poor posture during this period increases the risk of injury [24]. Additionally, functional deficiencies have been identified as playing a significant role in the high prevalence of shoulder pain [19]. In our study, the participants had not previously engaged in any dryland training program, which may explain the high occurrence of shoulder pain prior to the intervention. However, after implementing our program, we observed a decrease in the frequency of pain among the group that received the intervention, while the presence of pain remained unchanged in the control group.