# A Narrative Review of Metabolomic Insights into Olive Oil's Nutritional Value
## 6 Conclusions  
Olive trees and olive oil, one of its derivative products, hold significant cultural, historical, and nutritional importance across the Mediterranean region and beyond. Olive oil has transcended its role as a culinary ingredient and has become a symbol of tradition, health, and prosperity. Modern scientific research has shed light on the numerous health benefits of olive oil consumption, particularly in the MD context. Studies have consistently demonstrated its role in reducing the risk of chronic diseases such as CVDs, obesity, cancer, and neurodegenerative conditions. The rich composition of olive oil, which includesMUFA, polyphenols, and vitamins, contributes to its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective effects, favoring its role as a protective agent against a wide spectrum of disorders. Furthermore, the emerging field of \"nutrimetabolomics\" offers promising avenues for understanding the intricate relationships between olive oil components and human health. By analyzing the metabolic response to olive oil consumption, researchers have aimed to identify specific biomarkers and mechanisms underlying their therapeutic effects. This interdisciplinary approach involves collaboration among medical professionals, data analysts, nutritionists, and analytical chemists to unravel the complexities of nutritional metabolomics in the context of translational research. Metabolite analysis techniques have played a pivotal role in comprehensively understanding olive oil and its diverse compounds. The versatility of targeted and untargeted metabolomics has broadened the scope of analysis, allowing for a more nuanced understanding of the chemical composition of olive oil and its potential health implications. MS, with its sensitivity and structural elucidation capabilities, along with NMR and its associated reproducibility and information-rich spectra have become indispensable tools for metabolite profiling. Chromatographic techniques such as HPLC and GC have facilitated the separation and quantification of various compounds, enhancing our ability to explore the health-promoting properties of olive oil. These techniques have overcome challenges such as matrix effects and ion suppression, providing superior resolution and sensitivity, particularly in the analysis of low-molecular-weight compounds. The application of advanced analytical methods has led to significant discoveries regarding the bioavailability, metabolism, and health effects of the phenolic compounds in olive oil, identifying potential biomarkers, elucidating metabolic pathways, and highlighting the role of olive oil in human health. However, differences in the experimental design and analytical methods across studies make it challenging to identify the specific metabolites responsible for the observed health benefits. Metabolomic studies in the realm of nutrition and food, particularly concerning olive oil, are still relatively nascent but hold significant promise. Although their primary application currently revolves around delineating the composition of VOO and EVOO compounds for commercial purposes, there is growing recognition of their potential in broader contexts. The concept of \"foodomics\" integrates metabolomic approaches to identify relevant compounds in olive oil, aiding authenticity assessment and quality assurance. Having said that, challenges persist in applying metabolomic methodologies, including the need for standardized workflows, the integration of diverse techniques, and the management of vast datasets generated by comprehensive analyses. In conclusion, combining metabolomics with other \"omics\" technologies, conducting longitudinal studies, and employing nutrigenomic approaches can provide deeper insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying the health effects of olive oil consumption. Conceptualization, P.S. ; writing--original draft preparation, M.G. and P.S. ; writing--review and editing, M.G., M.R.-P., A.C., E.B.-R., G.A. and P.S. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.