# A Survey of Intellectual Property Rights Protection in Big Data Applications +
## 4 Technical Solutions for Protecting Intellectual Property Rights
### Non-Watermarking Algorithms  
Image correction and eigenvalue decomposition, reported by [60], uses color image watermarking to design a color image watermarking algorithm that has strong resilience, large capacity, and high security and can be applied to various geometric attacks. However, the computational time is high because the proposed architecture is very complex. On the other hand, ref. [61] uses precision and recall to evaluate the performance of its architecture for solving code plagiarism copyright protection. Precision is computed by dividing correctly classified positives by classified positives, while recall is computed by dividing correctly classified positives by actual positives. Some recent works [61; 62] use code plagiarism detection and video and audio applications to solve various copyright applications. Ref. [61] used full nodes and lightweight nodes to solve the problem of copyright confirmation and copyright protection in code plagiarism applications. Video watermarking has a similar path to image watermarking applications. Ref. [62] proposed a 2D DFT (two-dimensional discrete Fourier transform) to \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{p{56.9 pt} p{113.8 pt} p{113.8 pt} p{113.8 pt} p{113.8 pt}} \hline \hline
**Ref ID** & **Applications** & **Goals** & **Approaches** & **Evaluation Metric** & **Limitations** \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{[54]} & \multirow{4}{*}{Images} & To design a color image & \multirow{4}{*}{Discrete cosine transform (DCT)} & The effectiveness of proposed method is low when the loss of pixel value after the zoom-out attack. \\  & & watermarking algorithm which has high performance and can be applied into different watermarking schemes. & & & The loss of pixel value after the zoom-out attack. \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{[55]} & \multirow{4}{*}{Images} & To design a color image & \multirow{4}{*}{Schur decomposition} & \multirow{4}{*}{NC} & The proposed system has low accuracy on salt-and-pepper noise attack. \\  & & watermarking algorithm which has strong robustness, large watermark capacity, and high security. & & & \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{[56]} & \multirow{4}{*}{Images} & To find the optimal embedding region solutions with multiple different embedding in application to a color multi-watermarking. & Adaptive multiple embedding factors (AMEF), particle swarm optimization and gray wolf optimizer (PSO-GWO), discrete wavelet transform (DWT), & PSNR and CC & The total of the sizes of all the watermarks should be lower than the size of the selected regions in the image. \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{[57]} & \multirow{4}{*}{Images} & To focus on simple geometric attacks: cropping, translation, rotation and distortion. & A fusion-domain color watermarking based on Haar transform and image correction & PSNR, SSIM, and NC & the size of both input image and watermark image still needs to be the same. \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{[58]} & \multirow{4}{*}{Images} & To integrate RGB channels to obtain the effective way for watermark extraction for increasing computing performance. & \multirow{4}{*}{\
\begin{tabular}{} \end{tabular} } & \multirow{4}{*}{
\begin{tabular}{} \end{tabular} } & The resistance of proposed method is limited up to 50\% by Gaussian noise and scaling correction. \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{[59]} & \multirow{4}{*}{Audios} & To create a compromise method by following robustness, transparency, and capacity. & Fuzzy inference system, singular value decomposition (SVD), and discrete cosine transform (DCT). & SNR and ODG & Proposed scheme is weak against Addbrumm_2100 attack type. \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 3: An overview of watermarking algorithms for copyright applications on multimedia data based on state-of-the-art schemes. create a simplification algorithm by direct extraction without synchronization for simple geometric attacks. On the other hand, blockchain technology has been applied to exclude the attack from DDOS and a key generation center. Some applications on blockchain, such as images, music and videos, are presented on Table 4. Ref.