## 8 Network Setup, Results, and Discussion
### Results and Discussion  
Figure 3 shows the influence of the SIR threshold on the equipment's coverage performance. The coverage probability of the V2X connection without jammers (black solid line) exceeds the coverage probability of the V2X connection with jammers (black dotted-dashed line). Similarly, the coverage probability of the V2V connection (pink solid line), V2M connection (cyan solid line), V2L connection (purple solid line), and V2V connection (brown solid line) without considering jammers exceeds the respective coverage probability of the V2V connection (pink dotted-dashed line), V2M connection (cyan dotted-dashed line), V2L connection (purple dotted-dashed line), and V2V connection (brown dotted-dashed line) with jammers. This is because by including jammers in the network, the cumulative  
interference for the corresponding links increases, which reduces the SIR and the coverage probability of the given links with jammers. Specifically, the coverage performance of the network decreases in percentage change up to 25.5% at a \(-\)10 dB SIR threshold in the presence of clustered jammers. Our proposed method to model and investigate a UAV-assisted C-V2X network validates the simulation results of coverage probability, showing that the coverage performance of the V-N links with jamming is efficiently characterized by employing MCP-distributed jammers. Figure 4 shows the V-N's influence on the equipment's association probability. The association probability of the V2V connection improves with the increasing V-Ns, whereas the association probability of the V2M/V2L/V2N connection decreases with the increasing V-Ns because the path loss for the V2V connections decreases with increasing V-Ns in the network, which increases the SIR and association probability of the V2V connection. The association probability of the V2L and V2N connections decreases as compared with V2V and V2M connections when the fluctuation of a beam of the antenna increases (e.g., from \(\sigma=0^{\circ}\) to \(\sigma=6^{\circ}\)) due to factors like wind pressure, atmospheric pressure, etc. The fluctuations in the beam width of the antenna result in lowering the antenna gain, the received power, and the association probability of the V2L and V2N connections. Figure 5 illustrates the V-N's impact on the equipment's coverage probability. The coverage probability of the V2V connection boosts with increasing V-Ns, whereas the coverage probability of the V2M/V2L/V2N connection reduces with growing V-Ns. This is because the path loss for the V2V connections declines as the V-Ns increase, increasing the SIR and coverage probability of the V2V connection. The coverage of the V2X link, V2V link, V2M link, V2L link, and V2N link without jammers is higher than the coverage of the V2X link, V2V link, V2M link, V2L link, and V2N link with MCP-distributed jammers because of the decrease in the received SIR and the coverage probabilities of the respective links due to the increase in the cumulative interference of the clustered jammers in the network. Thus, our proposed method to model and analyze a UAV-assisted C-V2X network efficiently characterizes V-N links with jamming by employing MCP-distributed jammers. Figure 3: Influence of SIR threshold on equipment’s coverage probability. Figure 6 shows the UAV's impact on the equipment's coverage probability. The coverage probability of the V2L and V2N connections increases with increasing UAVs, whereas the coverage probability of the V2M and V2V connections decreases with increasing UAVs. This is because the path loss for the V2L and V2N connections declines as the UAVs increase, increasing the SIR and coverage probability of the V2L and V2N connections. The coverage probabilities of the V2X, V2V, V2M, V2L, and V2N connections without jammers are significantly greater than the respective connections with MCP-distributed jammers because the received SIR of the respective connections decreases as the cumulative interference of the  
Figure 4: V-N’s influence on equipment’s association probability.