## 1 Introduction  
Essential oils (EOs) are complex mixtures of volatile, bioactive substances and compounds [1, 2], recognized for their properties and benefits, including proven antimicrobial activity, against a large number of phytopathogenic strains [3, 4]. They offer significant benefits over synthetic agrochemical products, serving as an environmentally friendly alternative. These compounds leave few residues in the environment and have demonstrated low toxicity to mammals [5]. However, EOs are susceptible to degradation by environmental factors such as heat, moisture, oxygen, UV radiation, and light. The main disadvantages of EOs are their easy volatilization, difficult handling, and low solubility in water due to their hydrophobicity [6]. These characteristics contribute to the challenge of applying essential oils, particularly when there is a desire to use them across various agricultural systems [7]. On the other hand, many EOs have been described as having phytotoxic characteristics [8, 9]. They have also been studied for their efficacy in weed control due to their bioherbicidal potential [10].  
EOs obtained from _Tagetes_ spp. present a strong, sweet, fruity, citrus-like aroma. They are yellow to red amber in color and they have medium viscosity. They can become thick like gel when exposed to air for a long time due to polymerization. EOs are rich in monoterpene hydrocarbons (e.g., ocimene, limonene, terpinene, myrcene, etc.) and acyclic monoterpene ketones (e.g., tagetone, dihydrotagetone, tagetone), which are considered the primary compounds. In addition, they have smaller amounts of sesquiterpene hydrocarbons and oxygenated compounds [10; 11]. Among plant varieties, the amount and type of compounds may vary. These variations arise from biological factors such as temperature, soil differences, weather conditions, light exposure, and other environmental factors. This implies that even among botanically identical plants, there can be variations in their chemical compositions [12].  
In the search for new control strategies based on natural products, a series of recent papers have highlighted the antimicrobial activity of essential oils obtained from _Tagetes_ spp. Thus, in the study conducted by [2], encapsulating EOs obtained from _Thymus vulgaris_ and _Tagetes minuta_ resulted in a reduced yield of potato tubers (10.14 g and 10.29 g tuber weight/plant, respectively), while in vitro tests showed bacteriostatic activity against the G+ bacterium _Streptomyces scabies_, making them a promising tool for combating common scab in potatoes, an economically significant disease.  
Research in the field of biopesticides has shown that most of the marigold species (_Tagetes_ spp.) contain phytochemical substances with insecticideal activity [13; 14]. Unfortunately, many of these compounds have limited practical use due to their volatility and weak persistence under field conditions.  
A research study [15] has shown that there is quantitative variation in the bioactive compounds in _Tagetes__  
capacity was performed using DPPH (2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl), ABTS (2,2\({}^{\prime}\)-azinobis (3-ethylbenzothazoline-6-sulfonic acid)), and FRAP (ferric ion reducing antioxidant power) methods. The antimicrobial potential of the essential oils was investigated against three Gram-negative phytopathogenic bacteria (_P. caroroporum_, _P. marginalis_, _P. syringae_) and three phytopathogenic fungi (_R. solani_, _F. oxysporum_, _B. cinerea_). To evaluate insecticidal activity, a formulation was created by combining essential oil with the entomopathogenic fungus _Beauveria brongniartii_, with the aim of targeting and controlling the pest insect named _Stiophilus granarius_.