## 3 Results
### SWC and Environmental Factors in Coal and Non-Coal Mining Areas
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Areas** & **Environmental Factors** & **Min.** & **Mean** & **Max.** & **SD** & **CV** & \(\boldsymbol{p}\) \\ \hline \multirow{10}{*}{Coal mining area} & \multirow{5}{*}{Topographic indicators} & Altitude (m) & 730.00 & 849.02 & 1035.00 & 68.98 & 8.13 & 0.43 \\  & & Aspect (-) & \(-\)1.00 & \(-\)0.11 & 1.00 & 0.70 & \(-\)614.21 & 0.14 \\  & & Slope (\({}^{\circ}\)) & 0.00 & 0.17 & 0.45 & 0.12 & 71.78 & 0.73 \\  & & TWI (-) & 3.97 & 7.68 & 20.83 & 4.05 & 52.70 & 0.45 \\  & & CGI (-) & \(-\)29.11 & \(-\)1.03 & 13.74 & 8.38 & \(-\)810.66 & 0.21 \\  & & GCVR (-) & \(-\)0.04 & 0.00 & 0.04 & 0.01 & 4671.26 & 0.66 \\  & & VAD (-) & 5.62 & 63.19 & 121.62 & 31.12 & 49.25 & 0.41 \\ \hline \multirow{10}{*}{Coal mining area} & \multirow{5}{*}{Soil physical indicators} & Sand (-) & 0.09 & 0.23 & 0.64 & 0.09 & 40.43 & 0.03 * \\  & & Silt (-) & 0.22 & 0.48 & 0.66 & 0.10 & 21.55 & 0.17 \\  & & Clay (-) & 0.14 & 0.29 & 0.48 & 0.08 & 27.02 & 0.69 \\  & & SBD (g/cm\({}^{3}\)) & 1.03 & 1.24 & 1.53 & 0.11 & 8.82 & 0.05 * \\  & & SP (\%) & 42.08 & 53.38 & 60.98 & 4.11 & 7.70 & 0.05 * \\ \hline \multirow{10}{*}{Coal mining area} & \multirow{5}{*}{Soil chemical indicators} & pH (-) & 6.49 & 8.02 & 8.45 & 0.30 & 3.73 & 0.20 \\  & & SOM (g/kg) & 1.10 & 17.82 & 36.42 & 7.95 & 44.64 & 0.42 \\ \cline{1-1}  & & SAN (mg/kg) & 7.42 & 32.21 & 57.48 & 12.01 & 37.29 & 0.03 * \\ \cline{1-1}  & & SAP (mg/kg) & 0.95 & 8.15 & 23.18 & 4.29 & 52.61 & 0.16 \\ \cline{1-1}  & & SAK (mg/kg) & 60.30 & 151.94 & 311.55 & 40.87 & 26.90 & 0.06 \\ \hline \multirow{10}{*}{Non-coal mining area} & \multirow{5}{*}{Topographic indicators} & Altitude (m) & 743.00 & 858.64 & 977.00 & 53.21 & 6.20 & — \\  & & Aspect (-) & \(-\)1.00 & 0.09 & 1.00 & 0.72 & 800.65 & — \\ \cline{1-1}  & & Slope (\({}^{\circ}\)) & 0.00 & 0.16 & 0.53 & 0.12 & 77.65 & — \\ \cline{1-1}  & & TWI (-) & 4.73 & 7.15 & 15.10 & 2.77 & 38.79 & — \\ \cline{1-1}  & & CGI (-) & \(-\)22.91 & 1.03 & 28.23 & 8.40 & 816.98 & — \\ \cline{1-1}  & & GCVR (-) & \(-\)0.02 & 0.00 & 0.02 & 0.01 & \(-\)1202.27 & — \\ \cline{1-1}  & & VAD (-) & 0.00 & 44.20 & 98.16 & 25.35 & 57.35 & — \\ \hline \multirow{10}{*}{Non-coal mining area} & \multirow{5}{*}{Soil physical indicators} & Sand (-) & 0.09 & 0.19 & 0.67 & 0.10 & 52.84 & — \\ \cline{1-1}  & & Silt (-) & 0.18 & 0.53 & 0.70 & 0.11 & 20.02 & — \\ \cline{1-1}  & & Clay (-) & 0.13 & 0.28 & 0.56 & 0.08 & 29.57 & — \\ \cline{1-1}  & & SBD (g/cm\({}^{3}\)) & 0.99 & 1.18 & 1.36 & 0.09 & 7.30 & — \\ \cline{1-1}  & & SP (\%) & 48.56 & 55.46 & 62.62 & 3.25 & 5.86 & — \\ \hline \multirow{10}{*}{Coal mining area} & \multirow{5}{*}{Soil chemical indicators} & pH (-) & 7.03 & 7.94 & 8.51 & 0.27 & 3.43 & — \\ \cline{1-1}  & & SOM (g/kg) & 4.72 & 18.99 & 40.17 & 6.38 & 33.62 & — \\ \cline{1-1}  & & SAN (mg/kg) & 5.56 & 39.05 & 66.75 & 12.30 & 31.51 & — \\ \cline{1-1}  & & SAP (mg/kg) & 1.52 & 9.71 & 32.30 & 7.05 & 72.62 & — \\ \cline{1-1}  & & SAK (mg/kg) & 70.35 & 166.86 & 244.55 & 36.85 & 22.08 & — \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}  
* represents significant difference between coal mining and non-coal mining regions at significant level of \(p<0.05\).  
\end{table} 
Table 2: Descriptive statistics of edaphic and topographic properties in coal mining and non-coal mining areas and \(p\)-value from ANOVA analysis for assessing the statistical differences between the indicators of coal and non-coal mining areas. SAK at 151.94 mg/kg, suggesting lower nutrient enrichment, possibly due to mining activities or runoff. In contrast, the non-coal mining area has significantly lower soil nutrients, which may indicate differences in mineral composition or soil fertility. These variations in soil chemical properties suggest that coal mining activities influence soil nutrient availability and composition, creating distinct chemical environments compared to non-coal mining regions. Soil physical properties between coal mining and non-coal mining areas differ in several aspects.