# Cybersecurity in the AI-Based Metaverse: A Survey
## 1 Introduction
All of these are examples of security problems related to the Metaverse. Machine learning (ML) and artificial intelligence (AI) have become critical technologies in information security, as they can analyze millions of events and identify a wide variety of threats. By using artificial intelligence, the AI-based Metaverse can provide significantly improved cybersecurity solutions. However, security risks remain an important challenge for the Metaverse despite the use of artificial intelligence. With the advent of new technologies, new issues and concerns arise, with security issues unquestionably being some of the most important, which take time and special approaches to resolve. One of the security application areas that has received significant attention in the past three decades is the Metaverse. As a new contribution, this work focuses on the security of the AI-based Metaverse. The Metaverse will soon become a facilitator of interactions between businesses and consumers, users of social networks, and people who require health services. There will be a massive amount of data generated from these interactions. It is expected that security will be one of the most challenging aspects for them. Currently, there is no governing body or legal body that deals with privacy concerns in new technologies. In the Metaverse, two main technologies are virtual reality (VR) and augmented reality (AR), in which the former takes over the user's field of vision through a VR headset and creates immersive experiences such as voice tracking and body movement to interact with a virtual environment. In the latter case, augmented reality adds virtual overlays to the real world via a lens, such as apps or games on mobile devices. In both of these technologies, sensors are used to collect data, putting them at risk of intrusion and hacking. Therefore, privacy and security are very important issues to consider. Metaverse privacy issues include rights and ownership of users' data, extensive data collection, and a lack of security and privacy regulations. There are a few measures that will reduce privacy concerns: (1) creating a privacy policy, which usually involves identifying the user through biological data; (2) using non-fungible tokens (NFTs) to manage ownership of virtual assets; and (3) considering the penalty rules for unauthorized collection and sharing of users' data. Additionally, machine learning technology and artificial intelligence can be used to strengthen Metaverse networks against all types of attacks to reduce security concerns and reduce costs caused by data hacking. AI-based defense algorithms with a strong structure and accuracy prevent hackers from infiltrating and damaging the network as well as stealing information and data. The world of the Metaverse would not evolve without artificial intelligence, so this article is based on this relationship. As none of the existing articles on Metaverse security have dealt with the role of artificial intelligence, we focus this article on the context of cybersecurity in the AI-based Metaverse. According to a comprehensive review of the literature dealing with Metaverse security, most articles have examined the security of Metaverse environments from a privacy-preservation perspective. In contrast, our article discusses the AI-based Metaverse as an extensible environment. Furthermore, we consider security issues related to the Metaverse in general; then, according to the criteria for defining Metaverse environments and their different applications, we examine different issues related to AI-based Metaverse security. Accordingly, refs. [2; 3] discussed privacy issues related to avatars, whereas [4] briefly discussed some concepts related to data security. In [5], security problems were considered in four categories--user data, communication, scenarios, and goods--and some theoretical solutions were presented. A similar discussion of privacy problems can also be found in [6], in which blockchain was appraised as a solution for security problems, while ref.