## 5 Summary and Future Outlook  
AAV is widely used in gene therapy and vaccine research due to its safety, efficiency and ease of use. The IC-BEVS has shown significant advantages and potential in the production of AAV. It has the advantages of high production capacity, high economic efficiency and a simplified production process. In this comprehensive review, we delve into the BEVS platform, emphasizing its features and functions, and specifically highlighting the application of IC-BEVS in recombinant AAV (rAAV) production.  
The baculovirus expression system offers an efficient and reliable platform for producing AAV vectors, significantly improving both scalability and consistency in AAV production. This system enables high-yield, cost-effective production while streamlining the purification process, thus playing a crucial role in advancing gene therapy. AAV vectors are capable of delivering therapeutic genes to target cells, allowing for the treatment of genetic disorders such as cystic fibrosis and hemophilia by correcting defective genes [28; 98]. They are also being investigated for their potential in treating acquired diseases, including certain cancers, through targeted gene editing or immune modulation [99]. By enhancing the accessibility and affordability of AAV production, this technology accelerates the development of gene therapies, potentially transforming the treatment landscape for a wide range of conditions.  
Nevertheless, the system still faces some challenges; for example, expression level limitations [27], post-translational modification differences [83], particle composition and functional problems [35], protein folding and functional differences [84], etc. Therefore, in the future, it is necessary to continue to improve the design of expression vectors and cell lines and optimize the construction of virus vectors in order to improve the expression level and function of the target protein. In order to improve the efficiency and quality of AAV production and promote its application in gene therapy, it is necessary to optimize the culture conditions, improve the automation level of production and reduce the cost.  
For example, the yield and purity of virus particles can be further improved by optimizing the design of virus vectors and the culture conditions of insect cells.  
In general, the IC-BEVS has made great progress in the production of the AAV, but there are still some challenges to be solved urgently [28; 38]. Future research should focus on system optimization and application expansion, further explore the application potential of the system in AAV production, and provide strong support for the development of vaccine production and gene therapy. It is hoped that the system will play a greater role in the field of biological gene therapy through continuous innovation and technological progress.  
Writing--original draft preparation, F.W. and J.S.; writing--review and editing, W.G. and Y.W. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.  
This research was funded by the Youth Project of Hunan Provincial Department of Education (2180528) and the General Project of Hunan Science and Technology Department (2022)[30224]. [PERSON] is the author who received the two fundings. We also thank the funding from the General Project of National Natural Science Foundation of China (82071413) and the National Natural Science Foundation of China for Original Exploration Project (82151309).  
Not applicable.