## 1 Introduction  
Cyberspace has a plethora of interconnected entities, with the Internet being the paramount infrastructure that supports the services where the users conduct their digital life. Despite its global penetration and intrinsic benefits, the Internet and its services were not designed to be fully secure and are prone to human mistakes [1]. Despite the technological advances in information security and cybersecurity observed in the last decades to keep data, information, and services secured, the human factor plays a key role in information security and cybersecurity in organizations [1, 2]. Human factors,namely users' attitudes and behaviors, are crucial to ensure an effective Information and Communications Technology (ICT) infrastructure protection in its major areas. In the context of cybersecurity, attitudes refer to a person's perspective, which can influence the behavior online. Those attitudes are the result of a person's learned experiences, social factors, and observation, which may dictate the way a person decides about a particular event on its activity online [3,4]. Cyberpsychology is an emergent field that studies the effect of the Internet and cyberspace on the mind, behaviors, and attitudes of individuals [5]. Subjects like Internet addiction, depression, and social isolation are amongst the psychological behaviors studied. Intrinsically related to cyberpsychology is the study of the relationship between users' impulsivity, and risky behaviors, and attitudes towards cybersecurity and how they affect the overall level of cybersecurity [6]. Besides their digital lives, Internet users are humans, and their attitudes and behaviors condition their overall activity and outcomes that could be attained. Moreover, the digital being behind an Internet user has a physical presence and along their lifetime will produce a digital footprint with the data and information shared into the Internet services. It is thus critical that users adopt, from an early age, a cybersecurity culture on the Internet. The agreement to a set of cyber hygiene practices in their daily routine may prevent users from being threatened with cyberattacks, and private information leakage, which may bring physical, psychological, and monetary losses [7,8]. Generally, schools promote cultural, ethnic, and social diversity to fully accomplish the mission of preparing active citizens that may be able to work on worldwide enterprises supported by digital communications and services in cyberspace. Over the past decades, schools have undergone a digital transformation to better prepare the students for a digital world. Teaching-learning strategies have evolved to accommodate digital resources, management processes have been simplified, and more robust networking infrastructures have been installed in the schools. The digital revolution that occurred in schools implied an adjustment to the course curricula offered to the students. Generally, all the curricular units have adapted their contents to prepare the students for digital citizens, not only by teaching technical subjects regarding the Internet but also by including transversal skills related to digital literacy, cybersecurity, and cyberawareness [9,10]. The school administration has to take part of the cybersecurity and cyberawareness processes. There are three major arguments that should be pointed out to enlighten the administration and ignite such a research project on the ground. First and foremost, the key role of the school is to qualify citizens in a myriad of skills, in which cybernetics and digital skills should be included. These skills should also include awareness about the risks of using technological devices connected to the Internet, the associated risky behaviors and attitudes, and which cyberawareness measures should be continuously adopted. Secondly, a cybersecurity assessment is a relevant tool to evaluate the cyberawareness level to further raise it, by including these subjects in curricular units and long live learning programs for teachers, staff, and students.