## 1 Introduction  
This article has a dual focus, primarily aiming to investigate and evaluate the state of medical description standardization in Poland. Concurrently, it seeks to review current knowledge and advancements in developing methods for recognizing medical descriptions written in Polish. The first purpose--recognition of the current state and analysis of directions of changes in the standardization of medical descriptions in Poland--is to shed light on the existing practices of standardization in the context of medical descriptions within the Polish healthcare system. The Polish case can serve as a valuable example for healthcare systems in other countries. The medical field heavily relies on standardized terminologies, controlled vocabularies, and ontologies to ensure consistency, data exchange, and interoperability among various stakeholders. This article aims to provide a comprehensive snapshot of the current standardization practices in Poland's healthcare realm. This involves an in-depth exploration of the terminologies, ontologies, and controlled vocabularies in active use. It seeks to identify the challenges and limitations encountered in the standardization of medical descriptions, tackling issues ranging from terminological ambiguities to the necessity for regular updates and widespread adoption. This article endeavors to present and assess potential strategies for improving the standardization of medical descriptions in the Polish healthcare landscape. This may encompass suggestions for adopting internationally recognized terminologies or crafting locally pertinent standards. A vital aspect of this article is to underscore the pivotal significance of standardization in healthcare. This is especially pertinent in clinical entity recognition (CER), where standardized terms are essential for effective data exchange, clinical decision making, and medical research. The second significant goal of this article is to take a deep dive into the current state of knowledge about developing methodologies designed for CER in the Polish language. This part of the article aspires to scrutinize the existing knowledge base and research in recognizing medical descriptions, particularly when composed in Polish. This inquiry includes exploring the existing algorithms, techniques, and practical applications. Through this investigation, this article aims to pinpoint areas where further research and innovation are needed for effective medical description recognition in Polish and CER in general. Many publications written solely in Polish have been published only in industry-specific journals and do not appear in indexed databases. The primary aim of this review was to compile condensed knowledge about the state of CER in Poland, as this knowledge is inaccessible to non-Polish speakers. The lack of availability of these studies in international databases, such as PubMed or Scopus, limits the exchange of experiences and findings between researchers from different countries, thereby hindering the development of global solutions for CER. Introducing research based on Polish-language sources aims to fill this gap and promote local achievements within the broader scientific community. While some various works on Name Entity Recognition in the Polish language have been published (e.g., [1; 2; 3; 4; 5; 6; 7; 8]), they rarely focus on medical texts. The lack of widely available research on medical texts in Polish further complicates the development of AI-based health systems. Despite their effectiveness in general applications, available Name Entity Recognition (NER) models developed for other fields are often not tailored to the specific language and medical context. This article employed a review approach as the research method, allowing for a broad exploration of the literature on standardizing medical descriptions for CER in Poland. The review process followed several stages:  
* What are the existing methodologies for CER in Polish medical texts?