# Optimization Processes in Automotive Logistic Flow
## Materials and Methods
### Description of the Logistic Flow Studied
#### 2.2.2 Description of the Logistic Flow
Robotic welding cells In the composition of the flow, there are five robotic welding cells, which perform different stages in the manufacture of the studied product. These robotic cells are powered by human operators. Operators load the robotic cell table, fix the parts, move out of the robot's range, and then push the button to start the process. The cell doors close, and the robot begins to weld. After the welding process is finished, the doors open, and the operator takes the welded parts and positions them on the transport systems within the flow, directing them to the next equipment to perform the next step. Technical specifications:  
1. Welding Robot:
2. Model: Tropimatica WeldPro 2000;
3. Type: articulated robotic arm;
4. Number of axes: 6 axes;
5. Load capacity: 10 kg;
6. Range of action: 1600 mm;
7. Positioning accuracy: \(\pm\)0.05 mm. 8. Control System:
9. Controller: Tropimatica RoboControl X200;
10. Programming software: WeldSoft v3.5;
11. User interface (HMI): 15-inch touch screen, intuitive graphical interface. 12. Welding Equipment:
13. Welding source type: TIG (tungsten inert gas), also known as tungsten inert gas arc welding;
14. Shielding gas: gas mixture, such as Corgon 18 (82% argon and 18% CO\({}_{2}\));
15. Electrode: non-fusible tungsten electrode, with copper head;
16. Welding source power: 400 A;
17. Welding parameters:  
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In this post, a macrographic quality control is carried out to determine the conformity or non-conformity of the product. Macrographic quality control is an essential step in ensuring the integrity and compliance of the rear axle with the required quality standards. This verification involves the visual examination and analysis of the general appearance of components and assemblies to identify any surface defects or deviations from design specifications. Within the macrographic control, the following activities are carried out:  
* Visual inspection of surfaces:
* Evaluation of the uniformity of the surface finish;
* Identifying scratches, cracks, deformations, or other surface defects that could compromise the integrity of the structure. * Checking dimensions and shapes:
* Comparing component sizes and shapes to design specifications;
* Using templates and measuring equipment to ensure compliance. * Analysis of assemblies and fasteners:
* Ensuring that all components are fitted correctly and are securely fastened;
* Checking the exact positioning of the supports and other components fixed to the rear axle. * Documentation of findings:
* Recording all observations and findings in a detailed inspection report;
* Photographing defect areas for documentation and to facilitate troubleshooting. * Determination of Compliance:
* Comparing inspection results with required standards and specifications;
* Making decisions to accept or reject components based on the degree of conformity. * Remedial Recommendations:
* Providing suggestions and recommendations for correcting any deviations identified during the inspection;
* Collaborating with the production team to implement the necessary corrective measures. Macrographic quality control is a critical step in the quality assurance process, helping to detect problems early and prevent major defects that could affect the performance and safety of the rear axle in end-use. This control is essential for maintaining quality standards and meeting customer requirements. The methods presented above are manual procedures for checking the quality of the studied flow, but to improve the quality control, vision sensors can be implemented on the flow, after each process performed on the rear deck, with which the quality control process can be automated, and thus the number of wastes produced can be reduced. The artificial vision systems used for the inspection of products could mainly perform quality inspections to confirm the quality of a certain product or operation.