## 3 Literature Review
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{p{113.8 pt} p{113.8 pt} p{113.8 pt} p{113.8 pt} p{113.8 pt}} \hline \hline
**Citations Year** & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Technique Used**} & **Advantages** & **Shortoning** \\ \hline
[15] & 2018 & Single-path routing scheme, data forwarder nodes are selected by considering the node position, residual energy, and fuzzy logic technique. & Minimizes the latency, consumes low energy. & Due to single-path routing loses the reliability. \\ \hline
[17] & 2018 & Cooperative base scheme, aggregators to forward the packets in random manner. & The work deals with delay and increase network throughput. & The use of aggregators makes the network complex. \\ \hline
[18] & 2017 & Region base non-cooperative algorithm, uses the sink mobility in vertical and horizontal directions, considers lowest depth, SNR, and highest residual energy for best relay selection. & Balances network energy consumption, retains maximum nodes alive. & Loes the reliability and drops maximum packets. \\ \hline
[19] & 2017 & Both the cooperative and non-cooperative schemes used the node position information by considering distance and mobile sinks for information advancement. & To overcome the void space problem in the network, decreases latency, and increases the throughput. & Consumes maximum energy due to the deficiency of the balanced energy technique. \\ \hline
[20] & 2016 & Cooperative base routing scheme, Used an energy harvesting technique on the source and relay node. & The scheme maximizes the network throughput and channel consideration is used for data forwarder nodes selection. & The network is complicated and increase the network delay. \\ \hline
[21] & 2016 & Cooperative single relay scheme, highest residual energy, lowest depth, and channel consideration is used for data forwarder nodes selection. & Improves the network reliability, forwards maximum information towards the sink node, reduces delay. & Consumes high energy, nodes die quickly, loss accuracy. \\ \hline
[22] & 2016 & Cooperative base routing schemes, uses the least number of neighbor and distance for best forwarder node selection, uses MRC technique for diversity. & Balance energy consumption, prolong the network, enhances the PDR. & Render high latency during the packet advancement, loss the data accuracy. \\ \hline
[23] & 2016 & Cooperative base scheme, single relay used with DN, Uses four mobile sink nodes, for diversity use MRC technique. & Due to sink mobility reduces the delay, balance energy consumption, retains maximum nodes alive. & it blindly selects the channel link for transmission data which affects the PDR. \\ \hline
[13] & 2016 & Non-cooperative base routing scheme, used a region base network. & Saves the network energy, maximizes the network life-span. & Reduces the network reliability drop maximum packets. \\ \hline
[24] & 2015 & Cooperative routing scheme, for best forwarder nodes selection considers the lowest distance and lowest SNR value. & Maximize the throughput, enhances the network reliability, ensure data accuracy. & Lowest depth node dies quickly, increase the latency, consumes maximum energy. \\ \hline
[14] & 2014 & Cooperative single relay scheme, best forwarder nodes are selected by considering the weight function, use MRC technique. & Ensures data accuracy, improves the link quality, reduces the channel affects. & Consumes high energy, nodes die quickly. \\ \hline
[25] & 2007 & Cooperative-based routing scheme, used cognitive multiple access instead of conventional relaying technique. & The scheme deal with the latency and maximize the network throughput. & Nodes in the network consume high energy. \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 1: Overview of the recently published schemes.