###### Abstract
However, blood components and organs have limited lifespans and need to be stored within correct temperature ranges and conditions, otherwise they become unusable. For instance, red cells must be maintained between 2 \({}^{\circ}\)C and 6 \({}^{\circ}\)C, while the quality of plasma constituents is best maintained in a frozen state and platelet storage is optimal at room temperature (20-24 \({}^{\circ}\)C) with continuous agitation. Preservation is even more critical to organs, as the longer the delicate tissue is without blood circulation, the more damage occurs in cells. The right storage conditions shall thus also be maintained during transportation from blood banks and organ donors to where they are needed, and the transport shall happen quickly so as to not affect quality. Currently, demand exceeds supply, and blood services find it difficult to make sufficient blood available, while also ensuring its quality and safety. Approximately 60,000 people in the EU and 80,000 in US are on a waiting list for a donor organ, with an average waiting time for a kidney transplant of 3.6 years and 1.5 years for a liver [3]. Organs and blood components cannot be manufactured, only donated, thus preserving them is a vital duty. In this context, drone delivery, eventually covering the \"last mile\" could be exploited to reduce the risk of organ damage due to long transportation times [4; 5]. Despite the existence of very stringent legislation, it is generally estimated that more than 40% of blood transportation does not comply with the conditions imposed (e.g., deviation from temperature ranges), putting quality at risk, with negative consequences on costs (due to wastage or additional testing), as well as risks for patients. It can also increase the risk of bacterial proliferation in blood components during storage and may cause potentially life-threatening transfusion reactions, such as septic shock and even death. This situation is unacceptable since the need for blood and blood products is increasing every year and in many countries [6], particularly low- and middle-income countries. Most urgent deliveries need to be addressed within 30 min from a call, but the traditional delivery service by road may be affected by heavy traffic, road closures, limited access to remote areas and unavailability of transporters [7]. Indeed, in several countries, it can take over 4 h to get blood from a blood bank to a patient, or from a patient to the closest lab for testing and diagnosis. The impact of poor or difficult road access on healthcare is well documented in both high- [8] and low-resourced [9] countries. Furthermore, with European directives imposing a reduction of small blood transformation facilities, blood courier services will have to greatly improve the quality of their services in order to maintain a high level of delivery efficiency. In the case of organs, these often travel for long distances and across country borders, even by plane or helicopter. In this context, unmanned aerial vehicles, such as drones, are becoming increasingly popular and have many potential applications in the biomedical sector, i.e., delivery of biological samples and medical supplies [10; 11; 12; 13]. A drone delivery system can be used in any place, at any time and it will work in urban areas or remote locations. Drones have unique advantages, such as no traffic delays, low overhead costs, and the ability to go where there is no passable road. Drones are a potential way around these issues, but are only useful if they do not adversely affect the quality of transported products. Whether the quality of the product can be maintained throughout the duration of the flight remains a significant concern and a challenge [14]. The role of AI and deep learning in managing drones has been demonstrated to be very important at different levels in many fields [15; 16; 17]. This is particularly through when the delivery service is performed for medical purposes. However, these solutions are not focused on the most important thing, which is the good to be transported.