## 3 Results
### Patients' Characteristics and Interventions Received in the First and Second Wave
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c} \hline \hline  & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**First Wave (n = 690)**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Second Wave (n = 903)**} \\ \hline  & **Mean \(\pm\) SD; Median (IQR) or n (\%)** & **Mean \(\pm\) SD; Median (IQR) or n (\%)** & \(p\)**-Value** \\ \hline \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Infection-Related**} & & \\
**Biomarkers** & & & \\ \hline Procalcitonin (ng/mL; normal range 0.05–0.5) & 0.89 \(\pm\) 3.23; 0.21 (0.10–0.50) & 2.33 \(\pm\) 19.30; 0.20 (0.10–0.54) & \\  & (n = 550) & (n = 695) & \\ \hline Interleukin-6 (pg/mL; normal range \(<\) 6.4) & 86.49 \(\pm\) 148.17; 45.00 (19.00–93.00) & 72.37 \(\pm\) 152.93; 40.00 (19.00–76.25) & \\  & (n = 453) & (n = 772) & \(<\)0.01 \\ \hline Serum ferritin (ng/mL; normal range 23.9–336.2) & 740.96 \(\pm\) 799.50; 500.40 (209.00–962.97) & 704.97 \(\pm\) 905.69; 456.35 (215.55–884.62) & \\  & (n = 570) & (n = 800) & \\ \hline C-reactive protein (mg/dL; normal range \(<\) 1.0) & 10.23 \(\pm\) 8.98; 8.17 (2.80–15.01) & 9.49 \(\pm\) 8.17; 8.34 (2.64–13.34) & \\  & (n = 615) & (n = 848) & \\ \hline \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Blood Biochemistry**} & & \\ \hline Alanine aminotransferase & 38.88 \(\pm\) 45.86; 27.00 (18.00–44.00) & 40.69 \(\pm\) 60.82; 26.00 (17.00–45.00) & \\ (U/L; normal range \(<\) 51) & (n = 624) & (n = 846) & \\ \hline Aspartate aminotransferase & 48.15 \(\pm\) 49.07; 36.00 (25.00–54.00) & 48.52 \(\pm\) 56.80; 35.00 (25.00–51.00) & \\ (U/L; normal range \(<\) 51) & (n = 567) & (n = 764) & 0.410 \\ \hline Gamma-glutamyl & 68.57 \(\pm\)78.67; 43.00 (22.00–81.25) & 80.35 \(\pm\) 133.35; 45.00 (25.00–85.00) & \\  & n = 576) & (n = 679) & \(<\)0.01 \\ \hline Alkaline phosphatase (U/L; normal range 40–150) & 101.29 \(\pm\) 120.89; 80.00 (63.00–110.00) & 103.99 \(\pm\) 71.22; 85.00 (67.00–115.00) & \\  & (n = 562) & (n = 773) & 0.316 \\ \hline Total bilirubin (mg/dL; normal range 0.3–1.2) & 0.79 \(\pm\) 0.75; 0.70 (0.50–0.90) & 0.86 \(\pm\) 1.08; 0.70 (0.50–0.90) & \\  & (n = 571) & (n = 762) & 0.283 \\ \hline Direct bilirubin (mg/dL; normal range \(<\) 0.3) & 0.27 \(\pm\) 0.46; 0.20 (0.10–0.30) & 0.30 \(\pm\) 0.74; 0.20 (0.10–0.30) & \\  & (n = 507) & (n = 660) & 0.103 \\ \hline Indirect bilirubin (mg/dL; normal range 0.05–1.10) & 0.63 \(\pm\) 0.39; 0.50 (0.40–0.70) & 0.62 \(\pm\) 0.62; 0.50 (0.40–0.70) & \\  & (n = 546) & (n = 652) & 0.431 \\ \hline Serum creatinine (mg/dL; normal range 0.67–1.17) & 1.19 \(\pm\) 1.05; 0.93 (0.75–1.21) & 1.25 \(\pm\) 1.10; 0.96 (0.78–1.30) & \\  & (n = 627) & (n = 853) & 0.866 \\ \hline Creatine kinase (U/L; normal range \(<\) 172) & 222.78 \(\pm\) 454.01; 101.00 (56.00–203.00) & 179.11 \(\pm\) 313.68; 87.00 (49.00–161.75) & \\  & (n = 623) & (n = 846) & \(<\)0.01 \\ \hline Lactate dehydrogenase (U/L; normal range \(<\) 248) & 363.22 \(\pm\) 205.89; 314.50 (240.00–416.25) & 358.71 \(\pm\) 256.98; 312.00 (243.00–416.50) & \\  & (n = 558) & (n = 756) & 0.284 \\ \hline Triglycerides (mg/dL; normal range 10–150) & 139.10 \(\pm\) 88.36; 120.00 (92.00–157.00) & 137.10 \(\pm\) 80.02; 120.00 (94.00–162.00) & \\  & (n = 540) & (n = 773) & 0.009 \\ \hline \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Coagulation Function and Other Biomarkers**} & & \\ \hline International Normalized Ratio (normal range 0.9–1.18) & 1.24 \(\pm\) 0.65; 1.11 (1.05–1.22) & 1.16 \(\pm\) 0.49; 1.08 (1.02–1.16) & \\  & (n = 612) & (n = 821) & \(<\)0.01 \\ \hline Fibrinogen (mg/dL; normal range 160–400) & 561.69 \(\pm\) 183.65; 542.00 (436.00–665.00) & 597.48 \(\pm\) 196.11; 586.00 (451.00–718.75) & \\  & (n = 577) & (n = 782) & 0.024 \\ \hline D-dimer (\(\mu\)g/mL; normal range 0.2–0.35) & 2.02 \(\pm\) 5.92; 0.54 (0.33–1.00) & 1.86 \(\pm\) 5.69; 0.46 (0.30–0.98) & \\  & (n = 502) & (n = 646) & 0.455 \\ \hline Troponin-I (ng/L; normal range 1–19.8) & 129.92\(\pm\) 905.77; 10.20(4.30–28.00) & 107.68 \(\pm\) 721.67; 11.80 (6.60–28.20) & \\  & (n = 558) & (n = 829) & 0.307 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 1: _Cont._