## 4 Naming Process for Bridge Components
### Basic Bridge Geometric Modeling and Information Reassigning
Moreover, the pier models in Figure 16 were deliberately added to determine the location of each diaphragm, and are irrelevant to Query Sentence (1). Figure 16 shows 44 diaphragms, which appear to be identical to those shown in Figure 11.

Query Sentence (1):

* SELECT $Var1.ALL WHERE $Var1.EntityType = _IfcPropertySet_ AND $Var1.Name = _\"Pset_SteelBoxBridgeComponentIdentification\"_
* SELECT $Var2 := $Var1.Attribute._HasProperties_
* SELECT $Var3 := $Var2.Attribute WHERE $Var3._Name = \"Parts Assembly\"_ AND $Var3._NominalValue = \"Diaphragm\"

It was examined whether relevant objects can be extracted based on a specified instance only, regardless of the upper- and lower-levels of a specific element. Query Sentence (2) is a request for the extraction of objects containing the identifier, \"_Section_2_\" from the instances of _Assembled Assembly_. This is possible since only \"_Assembled Assembly_\" is selected as the object extraction criterion. Figure 17a shows the corresponding result. Four _Section_ objects were extracted, with each object containing sub-level elements of _Parts Assembly_ and _Part_.

Query Sentence (2):

* SELECT $Var1.ALL WHERE $Var1.EntityType = _IfcPropertySet_ AND $Var1.Name = _\"Pset_SteelBoxBridgeComponentIdentification\"_
* SELECT Figure 14:0Var1.Attribute._HasProperties_
* SELECT Figure 14:1Var2.Attribute WHERE Figure 14:2Var3._NominalValue = \"Section_2_\"

Accurate extraction of a single element was possible through the addition of a conditional statement for the extraction of the element. Query Sentence (3) is the request for the extraction of the object with the identifier _Span_1-Grider_1,Grider_2-Section_3-CrossBeam_2_; the result is shown in Figure 17b. Figure 14:3 Query result for extracting all the diaphragms from the bridge model (the pier objects were deliberately added for check the locations of the diaphragms). Query Sentence (3):
* SELECT Figure 14:4Var1.EntityType = _IfcPropertySet_ AND Figure 14:5Var2 := Figure 14:6Var3 := Figure 14:7Var3._Name = \"Span\"_ AND Figure 14:8Var4 := Figure 14:9Var4._Name = \"Girder\"_ AND Figure 16.0Var5 := Figure 16.1Var5._Name = \"Assembled Assembly\"_ AND Figure 16.2Var6 := Figure 16.3Var6._Name = \"Parts Assembly\"_ AND Figure 16.4Var1 WHERE Figure 16.5Var1.Name = _\"Pset_SteelBoxBridgeComponentIdentification\"_
* SELECT Figure 16.6Var1.Attribute._HasProperties_
* SELECT Figure 16.7Var2.Attribute WHERE Figure 16.8Var3.NominalValue = _\"Span_1\"_
* SELECT Figure 16.9Var2.Attribute WHERE Figure 11.0Var4.NominalValue = _\"Grider_1\"_
* SELECT Figure 11.1Var2.Attribute WHERE Figure 11.2Var5.NominalValue = _\"Section_5\"_
* SELECT Figure 11.3Var2.Attribute WHERE Figure 11.4Var6.NominalValue = _\"Diaphragm_1\"_
* SELECT Figure 11.5Var7.EntityType = _IfcPropertySet_ AND Figure 11.6Var8 := Figure 11.7Var9 := Figure 11.8Var9.Name = _\"Estimated Carbon\"_
* SELECT Figure 11.9Var9.NominalValue;

The difference between Query Sentence (4) and Query Sentences (1)-(3) is that the former only retrieve information on the corresponding object because the \"ALL\" keyword is not used. Accordingly, the query response is 410.56, which is a result that verifies that the information of the corresponding object can be utilized according to the user's needs. Table 7 shows the results derived using such a method. These results imply that it is possible to semantically extract the model data or regenerate the information model depending on the user's need using the bridge information model, which contains identification information in a clear manner. ## 6 Conclusions

Currently, IFC has been firmly established as the standard data schema for BIM. Most BIM authoring software packages support the input and output of IFC format, and, as a result, BIM models generated in IFC format can be utilized with various application software. However, the current IFC addresses building structures only, and hence cannot be used for bridge structures, except for its geometrical information.