## 4 Discussion  
Microorganisms play an important role in the degradation of woody artifacts [17]. Therefore, the inhibition of microbial corrosion is critical in maintaining important cultural heritage projects. Given that bacteria are the main degraders of archaeological wood under near-anaerobic conditions [18], we focused on the bacterial communities present in the water used to store the lacquer plates from an excavated 800-year-old shipw. High-throughput sequencing results showed that the most abundant bacteria in the water samples were _Flavobacterium, Pseudomonas, Xanthobacter, Rhizobium, Acinetobacter_, and _Novosphingobium_. Among them, _Flavobacterium_ and _Pseudomonas_ were detected in all four water samples. After traditional microbial culture, isolation, purification, and 16s rRNA gene identification, _Pseudomonas_, _Microbacterium_, _Bacillus_, _Ochroductrum_, and _Achromobacter_ were obtained. _Pseudomonas_ is an obligate aerobic gram-negative genus and is common in a variety of terrestrial environments. Recently, _Pseudomonas_ has been found in Antarctic soil and even in deep sea sediments [19]. _Microbacterium_ is a genus of gram-positive aerobic bacteria. Studies have shown that _Microbacterium_ may have the ability to degrade lignin [20]. _Bacillus_ is generally an aerobic heterotrophic bacterium, and the presence of _Bacillus_ indicates that the environment is rich in organic matter. [PERSON] et al. found that _Bacillus lichenornis_ is a type of cultivable bacteria that can be found in the 0- to 500-meter intertidal zone sediments of the Western Pacific Islands (7\({}^{\circ}\)30'N, 134\({}^{\circ}\)30'E) [21]. [PERSON] et al. determined the diversity and abundance of _Bacillus_ in South China Sea sediments, where _Pseudomonas_, _Microbacterium_, _Achromobacter_, and other genera are present [12]. _Ochroductrum_ is a genus of gram-negative bacteria with a strict respiratory metabolism that is obligate aerobic. [PERSON] et al. isolated an _Ochroductrum_ sp. LY313 from sea mud samples from the Arctic Ocean [22]. _Flavobacterium_ is a genus of gram-negative, nonmotile and motile bacteria. Flavobacteria are found in soil and fresh water in a variety of environments [23]. _Xanthobacter_ is an aerobic, spherical- to rod-shaped gram-negative _Bacillus_ of unidentified genus. This genus consists of inorganic or organic nitrogen-fixing bacteria that live in moist soils and waters. _Rhizobium_ is a genus of gram-negative, motile, nonspourulating rods. _Rhizobium_ has nitrogen fixation abilities but has not yet been found in the ocean. The species of the genus _Acinetobacter_ are strictly aerobic, nonfermentative, gram-negative bacilli. _Acinetobacter_ species are widely distributed in nature and commonly occur in soil and water. They are able to survive on moist and dry surfaces and have the capacity to survive exposure to various common disinfectants. Furthermore, _Acinetobacter_ species can grow at a broad range of temperatures, allowing them to survive in a broad array of environments [24]. _Novosphingobium_ is a genus of gram-negative bacteria. _Novosphingobium_ is ubiquitous in the environment, and there are traces of it in rivers, rhizosphere, surface sediments, deep underground sediments, oceans, and even polar soils. _Achromobacter_ is a genus of gram-negative bacteria; _Achromobacter_ species are strictly aerobic and are found in water (fresh and marine) and soils [25]. Almost all bacteria of known physiological groups can be found in marine environments. Studies have found that _Xanthobacter_, _Novosphingobium_, _Pseudomonas_, _Microbacterium_, and _Bacillus_ appear in eutrophic lakes [26]. Bacteria, such as _Pseudomonas_, _Flavobacterium_, and _Bacillus_, have been reported to have extensive algae-dissolving abilities [27; 28]. In fact, biological degradation is the main threat to archaeological wood [29]. It is also impossible to ignore the influence of bacteria living in the water on waterlogged archaeological wood [30].