## 6 Conclusions  
After the national project of returning grazing land to grassland was launched in 2002, with the strong support of the state and the autonomous region, the Aksu prefectural party committee actively implemented the ecological restoration and treatment project, vigorously promoted the construction of ecological civilization under the guidance of the \"two mountains\" theory, and conceived an innovative method with Aksu characteristics, ecological priority, and green development. Specifically, the \"Kokyar Greening Project\" was implemented. Since the active planting of fruit trees, the annual income of the local people has increased significantly. This not only drives local economic development but also protects the ecological environment [9]. Based on multisource remote-sensing data and meteorological observation data, this study analyzed the temporal and spatial changes in the vegetation and ecosystem parameters, such as the FVC, NPP, VEQI, RSEI, and LULC, in the growing season from 2000 to 2021 in the Aksu Kokyar Project Area and the driving factors. The results show that:  
1. From 2000 to 2021, the FVC, NPP, VEQI, and RSEI in the Kokyar Project Area showed a significant upward trend and the spatial distribution characteristics of \"high in the south and low in the north\". Over the past 22 years, the average annual increase in the FVC has been about 1.09, with an increase of nearly 107.11% compared with that in 2000. The average annual growth of the NPP was about 1.34 gC/m\({}^{2}\), which was 90.39% higher than that in 2000 (32.67 gC/m\({}^{2}\)). On average, the RSEI has increased by 0.02 every 10 years. 2. Over the past 22 years, the ecological quality has been significantly promoted according to the FVC, NPP, and VEQI (\(p<0.001\)), indicating that the \"Kokyar Greening Project\" has achieved significant ecological and environmental benefits. 3. From 2000 to 2021, the changes in the vegetation parameters and ecological quality in the Kokyar Project Area were dominated by human activities. 4. Over the past 22 years, the Kokyar Project Area has brought great changes to the ecosystem pattern of the region. The bare land was reduced in a large area (348.83 km\({}^{2}\)), while the cropland (291.41 km\({}^{2}\)) and grassland (56.71 km\({}^{2}\)) showed a significant growth trend, indicating that the vegetation parameters (FVC, NPP, and VEQI) and the RSEI in the Kokyar Project Area have increased mainly in the form of cropland and grassland expansion. * This study used a variety of vegetation ecological parameters to comprehensively demonstrate the ecological and environmental effects of the greening projects in the Kokyar area over more than 20 years, with different scales, methods, and models. It can provide strong data support for ecological environmental protection in this region. Conceptualization, Z.W. ; Funding acquisition, H.F.; Investigation, J.S. ; Methodology, Z.Z. ; Project administration, C.N. ; Resources, J.K.; Software, P.Y. ; Validation, D.W.; Writing--original draft, T.B. ; Writing--review & editing, D.X. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript. This research was funded by the Zhejiang Meteorological Science and Technology Plan Project (2021 YB07), the Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province (LQ21D060001), the Fengyun Satellite Advance Plan (FY-APP-2021.0105), the Special Program for Innovation and Development of China Meteorological Administration (CXFZ2022J040), the Research on Meteorological Disaster Assessment Technology of Policy Agricultural Insurance in Aksu Area (YD202224), and the Meteorological science and technology project of Aksu Meteorological Bureau (AKS20209, AKS202206). Not applicable. Data Availability Statement: Data sharing is not applicable to this article.