## 4 Conclusions and Policy Suggestions
By integrating the performance and costs of communication infrastructure with mainstream deployment schemes, this study calculates the deployment costs, power consumption costs, and maintenance costs associated with communication infrastructure. The annualized cost for communication operators to achieve 5G network coverage within the road network of Beijing is \(\Psi\)2.938 billion. Under the baseline scenario, the 5G communication service fees obtained by communication operators from users will cover the annualized costs of the related infrastructure by 2028. The annualized allocation cost per vehicle for communication infrastructure will decrease from \(\Psi\)6467 in 2023 to \(\Psi\)314 by 2050. It can be said that as the support role of low-latency, high-bandwidth communication networks in intermediated and advanced autonomous driving functions of ICVs becomes increasingly evident, intelligent transportation will become an important application scenario for 5G networks in the future, driving further expansion of the market size of the communication industry. Policy suggestions and industry participant recommendations: Based on national top-level planning, the government should improve the standard system construction, accelerate the deployment of the C-V2X network environment, and promote the demonstration of vehicle-road collaborative applications, preparing for the standardization and large-scale deployment of intelligent infrastructure. Financial support from the government for the construction of intelligent infrastructure will share the costs of vehicle intelligence with vehicle manufacturers, addressing the industry's profitability issues while reducing the costs of vehicle intelligence paid by users. To avoid the waste of intelligent infrastructure resources in the early stages, intelligent deployment and technological iterations can be prioritized on urban expressways and motorways. All industry participants in the collaborative intelligent system should leverage their existing business foundations to focus on the field of vehicle-road collaboration, build on their technological strengths, collaborate and divide tasks, actively participate in the construction of the intelligent connected vehicle industry ecosystem, and continuously accelerate the formation of a complete industrial system. This approach aims to implement higher-level autonomous driving solutions at a lower societal cost. Internet technology companies, with rich experience in big data and software algorithms, need to build perception networks, collaborative planning, and decision-making networks oriented towards the technological pathways of collaborative intelligence. Intelligent component enterprises should actively promote the landing of products with higher performance-cost ratios through technological innovation and actively develop roadside equipment adapted to different scenario characteristics, addressing the issue of low service life. With the support of intelligent road infrastructure, automotive companies should actively seek multi-party cooperation to achieve technological integration, accelerate the deployment of high-performance communication modules, and provide the terminal market with ICVs that are lower in cost and better in functional performance. Telecommunications companies, having accumulated rich experience in networking technology, should participate with the government in the construction of urban network environments, continuously expanding the application scenarios and business models of 5G-V2X. This study has the following limitations. First, the \"vehicle intelligence\" scenario and the \"collaborative intelligence\" scenario are both based on the penetration rate forecasts of intelligent vehicles in the 'Intelligent Connected Vehicle Technology Roadmap 2.0.' without considering the potential increase in the penetration rate under the \"collaborative intelligence\" scenario.