## 3 Results  
We did not observe any statistical difference between landing conditions (central vs. peripheral vision) in time to peak knee flexion (Table 2), lower-extremity joint angles (sagittal plane: Figure 1). \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c} \hline \hline
**Equation \#** & **Description** \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{1} & _Lever arm = 0.8E-8x\({}^{3}-0.129\)E-7x\({}^{2}+0.28\)E-5x + 0.462_ \\  & _x = tibiofemoral joint angle (deg)_ \\ \hline
2 & _Quadriceps Force (N) = knee extension moment (N-m)/lever arm_ \\ \hline
3 & _k = (4.62E-1 + 1.47E-3x \(-\) 3.84E-5x\({}^{2}\))/(1 \(-\) 1.62E-2x + 1.55E-4x\({}^{2}-6.98\)E-7x\({}^{3}\))_ \\ \hline
4 & _Patellofemoral joint reaction force (N) = k \(\times\) quadriceps force_ \\ \hline
5 & _Patellofemoral joint contact area (mm\({}^{2}\)) = 0.0781x\({}^{2}+0.6763x+151.75\)_ \\ \hline
6 & _Patellofemoral joint stress (MPa) = patellofemoral joint reaction_ \\  & _force/patellofemoral joint contact area_ \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 1: Patellofemoral joint stress calculations. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c} \hline \hline
**Landing Condition** & **Time to Peak Knee Flexion** \\ \hline Central vision & 0.162 \(\pm\) 0.019 ms \\ Peripheral vision & 0.169 \(\pm\) 0.022 ms \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular} Values are mean \(\pm\) 95% confidence intervals. There was no statistical difference (t = \(-1.4;p\) = 0.16).  
\end{table} 
Table 2: Time to peak knee flexion. We observed significant difference in the frontal plane ankle and hip joint (Figure 2). Specifically, participants with the peripheral vision condition showed greater ankle joint inversion (7.5% to 13.3%: 0.3\({}^{\circ}\), d = 0.19; 29.0% to 30.6: 0.4\({}^{\circ}\), d = 0.23; 76.3% to 91.8%: 0.4\({}^{\circ}\), d = 0.23, Figure 2A,D) and hip joint adduction (10.5% to 26.3%: 0.9\({}^{\circ}\), d = 0.35; 66.3% to 96.9%: 1.2\({}^{\circ}\), d = 0.31, Figure 2C,F). We did not observe statistical difference between landing conditions in joint moments (sagittal plane: Figure 3; frontal plane: Figure 4), and vertical GRF and PFJS (Figure 5). Figure 1: Sagittal plane joint angle. Descriptive statistics for each condition (mean \(\pm\) 1 standard deviation error cloud) for the ankle (**A**), knee (**B**), and hip (**C**) joint angles. Time was determined from initial contact (0%) to peak knee flexion (100%). The black line is the t-value of each time point for the ankle (**D**), knee (**E**), and hip (**F**) joint angles. The dotted redline is the threshold of significance. No significant difference was observed in the sagittal plane joint angle between the landing conditions. Figure 3: _Cont._  
Figure 2: Frontal plane joint angle. Descriptive statistics for each condition (mean \(\pm\) 1 standard deviation error cloud) for the ankle (**A**), knee (**B**), and hip (**C**) joint angles. Time was determined from initial contact (0%) to peak knee flexion (100%). The black line is the t-value of each time point for the ankle (**D**), knee (**E**), and hip (**F**) joint angles. The dotted redline is the threshold of significance. The gray areas are the time periods in which significant differences occurred. Statistical differences were detected in the frontal plane ankle (**D**) and hip (**F**) joint angle between the landing conditions. No significant difference was observed in the frontal plane knee joint angle (**E**). Figure 4: Frontal plane joint moment. Descriptive statistics for each condition (mean \(\pm\) 1 standard deviation error cloud) for the ankle (**A**), knee (**B**), and hip (**C**) joint moments. Time was determined from initial contact (0%) to peak knee flexion (100%). The black line is the t-value of each time point for the ankle (**D**), knee (**E**), and hip (**F**) joint moment. The dotted redline is the threshold of significance. No significant difference was observed in the frontal plane joint moment between the landing conditions. Figure 3: Sagittal plane joint moment.