## 5 Conclusions  
Geomorphology and terrain analysis represent foundational and leading-edge disciplines capable of investigating the spatial structure and macroscopic performance of topography and geomorphology comprehensively and systematically. Among these, the swift extraction and analysis of terrain feature parameters using DEM offer an efficient means to acquire surface information. Building upon this foundation, this study integrates statistics, information science, and other relevant disciplines to perform multi-dimensional, qualitative, and quantitative identification, measurement, and visual mapping analyses of the annular tectonic landforms in Dinosaur Valley, situated in the mountainous regions of the Yunnan Plateau. This approach enhances and refines the investigation of the annular tectonic landforms in the Dinosaur Valley. 1. This study determines that the optimal threshold for extracting the river network using ALOS DEM in this area is 150. The river network displays a characteristic dendritic pattern. The number and length of rivers show an inverse relationship with their order. The observation that first-order streams constitute over half of the river network distribution implies that the study area experiences abundant and well-established surface runoff, with the likelihood of additional tributaries forming over time. 2. The procedural steps for extracting terrain characteristic parameters from ALOS DEM offer valuable insights for studying complex terrain. This study determines that the optimal analysis window for extracting terrain feature parameters in this area is 16 \(\times\) 16, with an optimal statistical area of 0.04 km\({}^{2}\). Conducting correlation analysis on terrain characteristic parameters can mitigate information redundancy. The optimal combination of parameters to describe the terrain characteristics in the study area includes slope, slope direction, surface undulation, and surface roughness. 3. Statistical methods prove effective in analyzing the outcomes of terrain characteristic parameters. In this study, the slope gradient primarily spans from 0\({}^{\circ}\) to 56.59\({}^{\circ}\) and is characterized by slopes and steep inclines. Landslide-prone areas constitute 9.876% of the entire area. The slope direction exhibits uneven distribution, with the southeast slope representing the majority and a lower percentage of flat land overall. The predominant landform is hilly, with the majority of terrain exhibiting low roughness. 4. GIS visualization methods excel in emphasizing the spatial distribution of topographic features. The study area exhibits a generally intricate topography, characterized by a descent in elevation from northeast to southwest and prominent ring-like features. The ridgelines and valley lines exhibit distinct double-ring features reminiscent of a \"heart\" shape, radiating outward in the ring area. The topographic parameters are notable on the outer side of the ring ridge, featuring high slope values, surface relief, and surface roughness, diminishing from the inner to the outer ring. 5. Extracting topographic feature information in the intricate mountain environment of the plateau utilizing ALOS DEM data, offers advantages in terms of scale, non-contact, and ease of acquisition. This approach provides high-precision foundational data for research in topographic feature identification, measurement, and analysis. [PERSON] performed the research and methodology, analyzed the data, and wrote the manuscript. [PERSON]. ([PERSON]) designed the framework of the research and mastered the conceptualization. [PERSON]. ([PERSON]) and [PERSON] gave many suggestions for improving and modifying this paper. [PERSON]. ([PERSON]) and [PERSON] contributed to data processing and visualization analysis. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript. **Funding:** This research received funding from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 62266026), the funder is [PERSON]. **Institutional Review Board Statement:** Not applicable.