## 5 Conclusions  
Signage is essential for guiding pedestrians and travelers within transportation hubs. Given the critical role of pedestrian visual attention in navigation, this study developed an evaluation experiment for directional signage utilizing panoramic video. By merging insights from field research with established design principles for directional systems, an evaluation framework was created that addresses factors such as visibility, signage placement, information presentation, and visual attention. The experiment was conducted across multiple scenarios at Pudong Airport and Xi'an North Railway Station, which served as experimental and control groups, respectively. A multi-scenario, multi-task experimental design was implemented. Data collected from eye-tracking and questionnaires were subsequently analyzed using EWM and TOPSIS. The results demonstrated consistency and scientific rigor in assessing signage across different cities and hubs, providing valuable insights for the future design and evaluation of directional signage. The study also examined the influence of pedestrian visual attention on evaluation metrics. From this perspective, factors such as the information volume of individual signs, readability, coherence, and issues related to obstruction and degradation were identified as key determinants influencing signage effectiveness. Based on these insights, the following recommendations are proposed to improve directional signage:  
* Optimize the Relative Position of Directional Signage: Improve the visibility of signage within the overall environment. The current lack of prominence results in significant discrepancies in obstruction rates, damage rates, and visibility assessments. Further optimization of sign size and brightness is also necessary. * Provide Clearer and More Concise Directional Signage: Regarding the amount of information per sign, results indicate that this factor significantly affects visual efficiency. Future optimizations should focus on eliminating redundant information and reducing the amount of information on the individual. Alternatively, increasing the number of signs appropriately could help distribute information more effectively across multiple signs. Therefore, design improvements for directional signage should be guided by pedestrian visual experience. As pedestrians navigate using directional signage, their visual focus is more concentrated on these signs. Therefore, designing and optimizing signage to appropriately engage pedestrian visual perception will enhance information retrieval and improve navigation efficiency. The newly proposed evaluation approach based on panoramic video overcomes the limitations of realistic conditions. Considering the traveler's visual attention factor, it offers a valuable reference for optimizing existing signage and enhancing the efficiency of traveler wayfinding from the user's perspective. The research process focused on the restoration of the experimental scenario, subjective evaluation by the subjects, and the effectiveness assessment of guidance signage. In future work, the following enhancements to the experimental scenario are recommended for a more scientific and effective evaluation:  
* Experimental Scene Selection: Limited by the available experimental time, the chosen traveler flow lines and signs lack comprehensiveness. The clarity of the panoramic video diminishes after processing. Therefore, during video acquisition, it is crucial to integrate the core functions of the hub and capture the entire traveler flow lines as thoroughly as possible. When transforming the spherical panoramic video, clarity must be ensured to accurately restore the real scene with high precision. * Experimental Program Design: The equipment used did not fully replicate real-world conditions, leading to discrepancies between the experimental setup and reality. Moreover, the questionnaire design was limited by a small sample size, restricting the information obtained.