## 4 Discussion  
The analysis of the interview transcripts unveils profound insights into the impact of virtual production on independent studios. [PERSON] emphasizes fluid integration across various production phases, which not only enhances flexibility but also drives innovation within the sector. At MR Factory, [PERSON] highlights how technological integration streamlines workflows, boosting creative flexibility and output. [PERSON] from El Ranchito emphasizes the critical nature of real-time production and post-production capabilities, while [PERSON] at Orca Studios points to the strategic advantages of cost reduction and increased operational efficiency, which bolster creative freedom and streamline production processes. These experts' perspectives collectively signal a marked transition towards virtual production within independent circles, illustrating its capacity to boost efficiency, ignite creativity, and shift competitive dynamics in the face of industry titans. The long-term benefits of virtual production appear to significantly surpass the initial barriers of tech adoption and investment, signaling a new era for the indie sector. The discussion among Spanish indie filmmakers centers on the unanimous recognition of virtual production's benefits. They highlight how this technology enhances creative control, allowing for the real-time visualization and alteration of complex scenes. Cost efficiency emerges as a key advantage, reducing the need for physical sets and on-location shoots. This shift signifies a broader movement in filmmaking, where technological advancements not only streamline processes but also unlock new creative potentials. Addressing the technical hurdles, Spanish filmmakers acknowledge the steep learning curve associated with new software and technologies. Yet, they point out inventive solutions, like targeted training and tech partnerships, to overcome these challenges. The shift to virtual production necessitates detailed pre-production planning, ensuring creative visions align with technical possibilities and showcasing a broader industry trend where technology and creativity converge. Regarding creative opportunities, Spanish indie producers recognize virtual production's transformative effect on storytelling. The ability to instantly visualize and adjust complex scenes not only simplifies production but also expands the creative toolkit for directors and cinematographers, enabling a more dynamic narrative approach that surpasses traditional physical constraints. Regarding the industry impact, Spanish indie producers underline virtual production's effect on filmmaking workflows, role definitions, and the democratization of film production. This technology enables smaller teams to produce visually striking content, challenging the established production norms and opening new avenues for indie filmmakers. This evolution is reshaping the industry, fostering innovation, and promoting inclusivity in film production, both in Spain and globally [59; 60; 61; 62]. The collaborative dynamics within virtual production are underscored by pivotal roles such as the Virtual Production Supervisor and the Virtual Art Department (VAD). These entities play a crucial role in unifying various departments--ranging from physical production teams to art and visual effects departments--thereby ensuring a harmonious and efficient production workflow. The Virtual Production Supervisor, in particular, is instrumental in aligning the collective creative vision, serving as a vital conduit among the different stakeholders in the production process [63]. Highlighting successful collaboration models can provide tangible insights into this synergy. For instance, since 2019, the production of the TV series \"The Mandalorian\" exemplifies how the integration of LED screens and Unreal Engine catalyzes a symbiotic relationship between technology and creativity [12].