## 1 Introduction  
The influence of millimeter wave (MMW) radiation on biological systems has gained prominence in recent years for two important reasons: (1) to establish safety standards for the use of MMWs in communication devices, (2) to understand the mechanisms of interaction between MMW and living systems. These investigations have opened new avenues for potential applications of MMW in the field of biomedical devices, for applications such as selective targeting of cancer cells. MMW in the range of 75-110 GHz (W-band) are classed as non-ionizing radiation because of the low 0.3-0.4 meV range of the energy of its photons. Cancer, considered to be one of the deadliest human diseases, is challenging to diagnose at early stages [1]. Cancer is known to arise from accumulated mutations in oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes, leading to uncontrolled tumor cell growth [2, 3]. Conventional radiation therapy in cancer treatment gives rise to many detrimental side effects [2] including the development of other more dangerous cancers due to the ionizing radiation (involved in such treatments) resulting in mutagenesis [3]. Thermal ablation techniques have been employed as the other alternative but with restricted application in order not to burn normal cells/tissues during treatment. Our experiments demonstrated that non-ionizing MMW (75-105 GHz) exposure with a non-thermal power density of 0.2 mW/cm\({}^{2}\) can elicit morphological changes in H1299 human lung cancer cells [4] leading to targeted apoptosis and mortality [5] without harming normal cells under the same exposure conditions. MMWs are also reported to be helpful for detecting different types of cancers [6]. Further, such technologies involving non-ionizing radiation has shown promising applications in the treatment of other diseases [7; 8] like gastrointestinal disorders, wound healing, remote monitoring of wounds, non-invasive detection of glucose levels, pain relief, diabetes, dermatitis, etc. However, the exact mechanism of the therapeutic effects on biological specimens is not well understood hindering the wide-scale application of this technology. Being the simplest eukaryotic organism with a nucleus, _Saccharomyces cerevisiae_ yeast cells are a standard model organism for in vitro studies of cell division applicable up to higher eukaryotes. Many essential cellular processes in yeast and humans are similar, making yeast a suitable system to study basic molecular processes [3; 9; 10]. About 23% of the yeast genome is conserved in human cells, including all the corresponding biological functions and biochemical pathways remaining the same [11]. Characteristics of tumor cell growth have been discovered using models of yeast cell division [3; 9; 10]. Yeast cells are a cheap laboratory model that are simple to grow, culture, and experiment making it easier to unravel molecular mechanisms of MMW interactions within cells. Previous studies involving irradiation of wild type _Saccharomyces cerevisiae_ yeast culture in aqueous suspensions have been highly ambiguous [12; 13]. These studies reported either no change or increased/decreased rate of growth upon microwave irradiation of 42 GHz and 50 mW power [12; 13]. The authors reported the exclusion of thermal effects in such procedures by continuously monitoring temperature during the duration of exposure. On the other hand, MMW irradiation of yeast cells in the range of 41.7-41.8 GHz for 4 h and 20 mW power found frequency sensitive results with increased cell growth at some frequencies and reduced at other values [14]. Another study confirmed the increased growth rate of yeast upon irradiation with 968 MHz for 7 h at 17 dBm power [15]. Results of such studies on the interaction of millimeter waves with biological samples are often met with inconsistence and non-reproducibility due to missing investigations of deeper biological mechanisms like influence on genetic material, the involvement of free radicals in oxidative processes, other metabolic disturbances etc. to correlate with the observed effects [16].