## 1 Introduction
[PERSON] and [PERSON] [10] introduced fundamental information concerning the methodology for estimating the load-bearing capacity of timber beams strengthened with FRP materials according to the American standard PCF-5100 and PCF-6046 while considering selected directives from European standards. In conclusion, numerous instances verify the applicability of the transformed cross-section method. Undeniably, it was found to be suitable by multiple scientists and civil engineering practitioners. Its main advantage is its simplicity. Computations can be executed in spreadsheets formulated in both free and commercially available software. It can be deployed for comprehensive parametric investigations when integrated with material databases (wood and composite materials). The parametric investigations themselves could potentially be augmented with economic analysis. Paradoxically, this simplicity also constitutes its most significant disadvantage. Fulfilling a range of assumptions--such as those relating to linear stress distribution or the manner of destruction--restricts its utility. A more intricate approach employed for the prediction the behavior of both non-strengthened and strengthened timber beams involves conducting a numerical analysis based on the finite element method. The execution of these necessitates the possession of specialized software and a vast knowledge of modeled experiments. The prerequisites for input, therefore, substantially exceed the comparison of the conditions necessitated for applying the transformed cross-section approach. Undoubtedly, it was evident that we received considerably more information regarding the behavior of the beam. Several studies that have utilized simulations to describe bending behavior when incorporating wooden elements are delineated below. [PERSON] et al. [11] examined the behavior of steel-wood composite floors. The experimental outcomes were juxtaposed with numerical simulations. Timber was regarded as an orthotropic material. The researchers utilized numerical simulations to investigate the influence of the pattern of self-drilling screws and the width of the flange on the bearing capacity of the floor. [PERSON] et al. [12] conducted numerical simulations on bent beams with circular wood cross-sections with lap joints strengthened using CFRP sheets. The wood was formulated as a linearly elastic (orthotropic) material. The perfect connection of the wood and reinforcement was assumed, disregarding the influences of an adhesive or slippage. The interaction properties assumed no penetration between entities in the normal direction and a specific value of the friction coefficient in the tangential direction. The authors achieved a significant correspondence between the experimental and numerical equilibrium paths within the elastic limit with these premises. [PERSON] et al. [13] conducted numerical analyses on wood beams strengthened using glass fiber-reinforced polymer profiles. The models were prepared using the Abaqus software. The effects of joints, GFR profiles, and wood grain orientations on the behavior of bent elements were analyzed. [PERSON] et al. [14] studied lightweight I-beams reinforced with composite materials. A notable enhancement in load-bearing capacity and ductility was observed in comparison to the reference beams. The numerical models were found to be effective in predicting the behavior of the beams with a high degree of accuracy. [PERSON] et al. [15] conducted an experimental, analytical, and numerical analysis of bent I-beam timber beams with section weaknesses in the tension zone and the concept of reinforcing them with CFRP strips. An optimal elastic-plastic material model was implemented for all components, including oriented strand board (OSB), solid wood, and CFRP. A similar assumption was made regarding the perfect connection between the parts [12]. A quantitative analysis revealed a notable influence of the length of the reinforcement on the load-bearing capacity of the reinforced section.