## 3 Results  
The approach utilizing characteristic features enables a structured identification and classification of hazards, ensuring a more precise risk assessment. It is proposed that the hazard identification process be carried out by developing a detailed characterization of each hazard-inducing factor, specifying both the sources of the hazard and its consequences. Therefore, to conduct a comprehensive hazard characterization, the first step should involve determining its characteristic features in accordance with the proposed algorithm (Figure 2). These features should describe both the source and consequences of hazards with the highest possible precision, comprehensiveness, and extensiveness. Tables 2-5 present an original compilation of characteristic features for the most common mining hazards, divided into characteristic features of hazard sources and characteristic features of hazard consequences. This classification follows the hazard categories adopted in this study: technical hazardous factors, natural hazardous factors, organizational and human factors, and harmful and burdensome factors. Figure 2: Algorithm for hazard identification considering characteristic features and their parameters. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c} \hline \hline
**Type and Description** & **Hazard** & **Characteristic Features of Sources** \\
**of Factor** & & \\ \hline methane & presence in areas with & methane-bearing capacity, potential for methane concentration \\  & methane hazard & leading to ignition, explosion, or formation of \\  & methane hazard & oxygen-deficient mixtures, methane hazard classification \\  & & (categories I–IV according to legal requirements \\ \hline coal dust & presence in areas with & occurrence of hazardous coal dust, potential for dust \\  & coal dust & explosion, classification of seams or their parts, vertical and \\  & explosion hazard & horizontal workings into two hazard classes (a and b), \\  & & according to legal classification \\ \hline rock bursts & presence in areas with & susceptibility of rock mass to rock bursts, potential for seismic \\  & rock burst hazard & events (rock bursts) in mine workings, classification according \\  & & to two hazard levels as defined by legal classification \\ \hline gas and rock outbursts & presence in areas with gas & methane-bearing capacity, cohesion, desorption index, \\  & and rock outburst hazard & friability, potential for sudden methane emission or methane \\  & and rock outburst hazard & and coal outburst, classification of gas and rock outburst \\  & & hazard (categories I–III), according to legal classification \\ \hline water & presence in areas with & hydrogeological conditions, potential for increased water \\  & water hazard & inflow or water ingress with loose material, expressed in three \\  & & hazard levels I–III), according to legal requirements \\ \hline endogenous fire & presence in areas with & coal self-ignition susceptibility, activation energy, fire \\  & endogenous fire hazard & incubation period, quantity and rate of carbon monoxide \\  & & increase, classification of self-ignition potential in five groups \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 2: Characteristic features of natural hazardous factors.