## 3 Results
### Results of Large-Scale ICEV Fire Test  
The ICEV experiment begins with the deliberate ignition of the vehicle in the interior, on the front seats of the driver and the passenger shown in Figure 9. There is rapid fire development during the initiation phase. Within 2 min, the vehicle fire becomes fully developed. In Figure 10a, the state of the fire just before the application of the car fire blanket is depicted. Figure 10b shows the state of the vehicle fire immediately after applying the car fire blanket. Figure 10c illustrates the state of the vehicle fire 30 s after the application of the car fire blanket, Figure 10d after 60 s, and Figure 10e after 300 s. Figure 10f shows the state of the vehicle fire just after the removal of the car fire blanket. The results of the entire large-scale ICEV fire test are depicted in Figure 11. The graph shows the temperature-time curve. The temperatures were measured with thermocouples T0, T1, T2, and T3 at 1 s intervals. For a clearer display of results, the time on the X-axis is shown at 60 s intervals. The interval of the application of the car fire blanket is marked with an orange-colored area. Approximately 1 min after the fire blanket, an additional extinguishing of the fire was performed. The maximum temperature reached in this experiment was 723 \({}^{\circ}\)C, at which the car fire blanket was applied. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c} \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**Experiment Progress**} & **ICEV** & **HTB** \\ \cline{2-3}  & **Time (mm:ss)** & **Time (hh:mm:ss)** \\ \hline Beginning & 00:00 & 00:00 \\ Initiation & 00:01 & 00:23:32 \\ FB Applied & 01:41 & 00:41:20 \\ FB Removed & 11:54 & 00:51:31 \\ Extinguishing & 13:03 & - \\ Termination & 18:41 & 01:11:44 \\ \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 4: Th timeline of the experiments. Figure 9: Initiation of ICEV fire. (**a**) The operator initiates a fire; (**b**) Development after 5 s from the initiation; (**c**) Development after 20 seconds from the initiation. The temperature changes on thermocouples T0 and T3 were minimal. Approximately one minute after ignition, an increase in temperature was recorded in thermocouple T2. The temperature continued to rise until the application of the fire blanket. The highest temperature increase was observed in the vehicle interior by thermocouple T1. The temperature increased from the initiation of the fire to a maximum temperature of 723 \({}^{\circ}\)C in just under 2 min. Subsequently, after applying the car fire blanket, a decrease in temperature occurred. For a clearer description of the temperature development over time, a graph was created in Figure 12. The graph shows the temperature-time curve during the 10 min interval when the car fire blanket was placed on the ICEV. The graph displays the temperature results measured by thermocouples T0, T1, T2, and T3 at 1 s intervals. To enhance the readability of the graph, 30 s intervals were chosen for the time display on the X-axis. Figure 11: The temperature–time curve of the entire large-scale ICEV fire test. Figure 10: Application of car fire blanket during large-scale ICEV fire test. **(a)** Beginning of 10 min interval of application at 01:41; **(b)** ICEV fully covered at 02:02; **(c)** 30 s after application to ICEV fire at 02:32; **(d)** 60 s after application to ICEV fire at 03:02; **(e)** 300 s after application to ICEV fire at 07:02; **(f)** car fire blanket removal at 12:14. It was found that the temperature changes recorded by thermocouples T0 and T3 during the car fire blanket application were minimal. A temperature decrease from 83 \({}^{\circ}\)C to 23 \({}^{\circ}\)C was observed in thermocouple T3 and from 26 \({}^{\circ}\)C to 20 \({}^{\circ}\)C in thermocouple T0. The temperatures of the fire itself measured at the lateral distances were not high before the car fire blanket was placed over the vehicle.