# Graphene and Iron Reinforced Polymer Composite Electromagnetic Shielding Applications: A Review  
[PERSON]  
1 Department of Fundamental and Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Bandar Seri Iskandar 32610, Perala, Malaysia; [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (B.H.G. ); [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (Y.A.O. ); [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (Z.U.N.) [PERSON]  
1 Department of Fundamental and Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Bandar Seri Iskandar 32610, Perala, Malaysia; [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (Z.U.N.) [PERSON]  
2 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Bandar Seri Iskandar 32610, Perala, Malaysia; [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (Z.U.N.) [PERSON]  
1 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Bandar Seri Iskandar 32610, Perala, Malaysia; [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (Z.U.N.) [PERSON]  
1 Department of Fundamental and Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Bandar Seri Iskandar 32610, Perala, Malaysia; [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (B.H.G. ); [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (Y.A.O. ); [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (Z.U.N.) [PERSON]  
3 Department of Civil Engineering, COMSATS University Islamabad Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad 22060, Pakistan; [EMAIL_ADDRESS]  
[PERSON]  
4 Faculty of Civil Engineering, Technische Universitat Dresden, 01069 Dresden, Germany  
4 [PERSON] Faculty of Informatics, Obuda University, 1034 Budapest, Hungary
With time, the adverse effects are getting higher which requires vital attention [10; 11]. The penetration of the EM waves in the shielding materials is a critical aspect at higher frequencies [12]. Electromagnetic waves are non-mechanical which travel at the speed of light. They can be produced by accelerated charge and do not involve any medium for transmission [9]. Electromagnetic waves are also known as electromagnetic radiation as they radiate from charged electrical particles. The transmission could be through air, space, or any other substance. Low frequency electromagnetic waves are stated as electromagnetic fields, whereas high frequency electromagnetic waves are known as electromagnetic radiations [13; 14]. EMI shielding has been in consideration since World War II to reduce the impact of electromagnetic waves on electronic appliances [15]. As per Scopus [16] database, Figure 1 portrays the number of experimental studies conducted on EMI shielding to date. From Figure 1, it can be observed that work started on electromagnetic shielding in 1933. The studies conducted on electromagnetic shielding were fewer from 1933 to 1981 and started to rise later. The peak was observed in 2020 with 1146 publications. Over time, a gradual increase can also be observed, which indicates the importance of this issue. Many researchers have introduced various materials to overcome the EMI effect by providing better electromagnetic shielding effectiveness. Some pre-existing materials with hidden shielding properties were identified, and some were made in labs and later were implemented for industrial usage. The most common materials used as electromagnetic shielding are metals, carbon, iron, graphene and polymers, etc. Various EMI shielding materials have been developed and implemented in industry to tackle electromagnetic inference. Researchers have adopted different strategies to deal with the EMI issue where some used material coatings and some developed new composites. The preferences of selection of materials have changed as their properties have been explored more in-depth. In the mid-1900s different materials were introduced as EMI shielding materials. Nickel-based composites were famous as coatings to enhance EMI shielding. Besides that, copper, silver and graphite coatings were also utilized as they form a good barrier to protect devices from ambient electromagnetic interference [17]. [PERSON] et al. [18] conducted a study, where an yttrium barium cuprate superconductor was used as an electromagnetic shielding material. However, it is universal that all the superconductive composites give better EMI shielding.