## 2 Materials and Methods
The OMS-loaded sheet remained in contact with the painting for 50 min. At the end of the six intervals, the Dartek and layer of Evolon on the face were removed, and the table and mock-up were allowed to reach room temperature gradually. The extraction was performed atop a Willard heat and suction table (Willard Conservation Equipment Engineers, Chinchester, UK). To keep the table free of molten wax-resin, the table was covered with a sheet of Hollytex (a spunbonded polyester, Ahlstrom Paper Group, Amsterdam, The Netherlands) prior to treatment. Prior studies undertaken before the treatment of the Braque painting suggested that the ideal temperature of the painting that would both mobilize wax-resin yet avoid damage to the work was around 50 \({}^{\circ}\)C [9]. Additionally, in a currently unpublished work, the melting temperatures of samples of wax-resin mixtures from several other paintings in the Menil Collection were determined to vary between 53 and 61 \({}^{\circ}\)C. To achieve this range on the Willard table, the target temperature was set to 78 \({}^{\circ}\)C, and the safety reset was set to 80 \({}^{\circ}\)C, which caused the table to heat up to 80 \({}^{\circ}\)C, after which the heating element would turn off, thus ensuring that the mock-up could not be over-heated. Resetting the table turned the heating element back on. During the extraction trial, the table had to be reset multiple times to prevent the table from cooling too much and to keep the temperature close to the target temperature of 78 \({}^{\circ}\)C. While the target temperature of the table was 78 \({}^{\circ}\)C, the temperature measured at the Dartek surface atop the mock-up ranged between 55 \({}^{\circ}\)C and 60 \({}^{\circ}\)C throughout treatment, due to the insulating effect of the underlying layers. The suction pressure of the table was kept at 7 mbar throughout the treatment to encourage good contact between the mock-up and Evolon sheets and help pull extracted material away from the mock-up into the underlying solvent-loaded and wicking layer sheets. After the extraction process, the solvents present in the mock-up and in the Evolon sheets were allowed to evaporate over the course of several weeks. The mock-up and Evolon sheets were then re-weighed to calculate after-extraction weights. SamplesSamples of the bare canvas, of the canvas and ground, and of the canvas, ground, and paint layers were taken from _Radishes_ before infusion and after wax-resin extraction. Samples were also taken from the six xylene-loaded layers (X-X5) and six wicking layers (W-W5), from the same location to ensure variations in the painting did not influence results. A portion of the before- and after-extraction samples of _Radishes_ were embedded in Bio-plastic (Ward's Science, Rochester, NY, USA) and polished to reveal the stratigraphy using Micro Mesh sheets (1500-12,000 grit) (Scientific Instrument Services, Palmer, MA, USA). Optical microscopyImages of the embedded cross-section samples under both normal oblique and UV illumination using B-2A filter cube were obtained using a Zeiss AxiocomamMRc5 camera controlled by Zeiss Axiovision AC software release 4.5 (White Plains, NY, USA). The camera was mounted onto a Nikon Labophot-Pol optical microscope, and the samples were imaged using the 10\(\times\) objective (Melville, NY, USA). Scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDX)Backscatter electron images of the uncoated cross-section samples were taken with a JEOL JSM-IT100 SEM (JEOL Ltd., Peabody, MA, USA) in low vacuum mode at a pressure of 50 Pa, at an accelerating voltage of 20 kV, a probe current of 40 (unitless), and a 10 mm working distance. EDX analysis using the integrated detector was performed under the same working distance and pressure conditions, but with higher probe currents of 65 to increase the counts. Thermal Separation Probe-GC/MS (TSP-GC/MS)Samples were analyzed using a TSP (Agilent Technologies, Inc., Palo Alto, CA, USA), installed in a multimode inlet on an Agilent 8890 gas chromatograph.