## 2 Seismicity of the Selected Countries
### Albania
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c} \hline \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**Date**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**Area affected**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**M\({}_{\rm w}\)**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**Depth (km)**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Causalities**} \\ \cline{4-6}  & & & & **Dead** & **Injured** \\ \hline
26.11.2019 & Durres & 6.4 & 20 & 52 & 3000+ \\
21.09.2019 & Durres & 5.6 & 10 & - & 108 \\
09.01.1988 & Tirana & 5.4 & 24 & - & - \\
16.11.1982 & Fier & 5.6 & 22 & 1 & 12 \\
15.04.1979 & Shkoder & 6.9 & 10 & 136 & 1000+ \\
30.11.1967 & Diber & 6.6 & 20 & 12 & 174 \\
18.03.1962 & Fier & 6.0 & - & 5 & 77 \\
26.05.1960 & Korce & 6.4 & - & 7 & 127 \\
01.09.1959 & Fier & 6.2 & 20 & 2 & - \\
27.08.1942 & Diber & 6.0 & 33 & 43 & 110 \\
21.11.1930 & Vlore & 6.0 & 35 & 30 & 100 \\
26.11.1920 & Tepelene & 6.4 & - & 36 & 102 \\
06.01.1905 & Shkoder & 6.6 & - & 200 & 500 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 1: Major earthquakes in Albania [51]. 1. Zone of Lezha-Ulqin  
3. Zone of Ionian Coast  
5. Zone of Elbasan-Diber/Tetova  
7. Zone of Shkodra-Tropoja  
9. Zone of Skopje  
2. Zone of Peri-Adriatic Lowland  
4. Zone of Korca-Ohrid  
6. Zone of Kukes-Peshkopi  
8. Zone of Peja-Prizren  
The compiled Albania earthquake catalog comprises earthquakes of magnitude Ms > 4.5 that struck the territory between 39.0\({}^{\circ}\) N and 43.0\({}^{\circ}\) N and between 18.5\({}^{\circ}\) E and 21.5\({}^{\circ}\) E spanning a timeline 1958-2005 [53]. The best assessments of maximum magnitude are done by taking into account the biggest seismic activity identified and observed in similar tectonic locations. All this data input is processed by utilizing a probabilistic methodology and appropriate attenuation relationships to develop the Probabilistic Hazard Map of Albania. The seismic zonation map of Albania is based on the intensity values [54], whereas new modern seismic guidelines like Eurocode 8 use probabilistic seismic hazard maps utilizing the peak ground acceleration values derived by probabilistic approaches with different return periods. In many modern codes, Damage Limitation (DL) is expected to be satisfied for an earthquake with peak ground acceleration for a return period of 95 years. Meanwhile, for an earthquake with PGA within the return period of 475 years, buildings should perform as per the limit state of Significant Damage (SD). Seismic hazard maps for maximum horizontal ground acceleration with recurrence periods of 95 and 475 years, respectively, are given for hard rock conditions (Figure 2). As shown in Figures 2 and 4, in many cities with dense masonry structures, such as Durres, Shkodra, Elbasan, Tirane, and Vlora, the expected PGA for an earthquake with a recurrence period of 95 years is around 0.20 g, whereas this value is around 0.30-0.40 g with a recurrence period of 475 years. If these values are compared to the recordings of the 26 November 2019 shakings, in most of the regions these values are near the values of a 95 year return period. The data for the selected earthquakes in Albania is shown in Table 2.  
Figure 2: Horizontal peak ground acceleration values for a return period of 475 years (probabilistic seismic hazard map of Albania [55]. While the number of damaged buildings in the first two earthquakes considered for Albania was quite high, the loss of life was quite low. In addition, the highest loss of life/damaged buildings ratio for this country was obtained for the fifth earthquake, and this ratio was 0.14. The measured PGA values in these earthquakes that have occurred in these regions with high earthquake risk were considerably lower than the suggested PGA values for the first three earthquakes. However, the measured PGA values for the third and fourth earthquakes are considerably higher than the recommended PGA values. For this country, the seismic risk can be expressed adequately by considering the earthquake ground motion levels for different probabilities of exceedance.