## 3 Results and Discussion  
According to the established FU, the analyzed product system showed that 47.4% would impact the human health category, 49.3% and 3.38% were for the resources and ecosystem categories, respectively. The major contributor to damage was electricity (66.9%) used in the pretreatment processes of raw materials and manufacturing of the SPF-reinforced sago starch biocomposite takeout food container. Electricity was also being consumed for the waste portion end-up in the composting facility. Damage assessment for a cradle-to-grave life cycle of the 1 kg sugar palm reinforced sago starch composite takeout food container was analyzed by applying the ReCiPe Endpoint method, excluding long-term emissions. The purpose of damage assessment was to combine several impact category indicators into a damage category. Damage impacts, and its impact categories, are arranged in Table 2. Climate change human health was the highest contribution in human health damage with a value of \(1.58\times 10^{-5}\) DALY. For ecosystem damage, the impact category of the climate change ecosystem contributed to the highest among all other categories with the value of \(8.97\times 10^{-8}\) species.yr. Whereas, fossil depletion was the higher contributor to the resources scarcity category than metal depletion with the costs of $0.486 and $0.00493, respectively. However, in this paper, the resources damage category will not be further discussed. Contributions of each impact category to the total human health damage (DALY) is shown in Figure 4. Climate change human health was the largest portion (60%), and particulate matter formation was the second largest contributor of 33%, and human toxicity contributed to the remaining by 7%. The other impact categories were extremely low and can be assumed to not impact the total DALY. The chart in Figure 5 represents the substances contributing to the human health damage impacted from 1 kg of SPF-reinforced sago starch biocomposite takeout food container. The result showed \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c} \hline \hline
**Impact Category (IC)** & **Unit** & **Amount** \\ \hline \multicolumn{3}{c}{**Human Health Damage**} \\ \hline Climate change human health & & \(1.58\times 10^{-5}\) \\ Ozone depletion & & \(0.000113\times 10^{-5}\) \\ Human toxicity & & \(0.171\times 10^{-5}\) \\ Photochemical oxidant formation & & \(0.000249\times 10^{-5}\) \\ Particulate matter formation & & \(0.87\times 10^{-5}\) \\ Ionizing radiation & & \(0.000824\times 10^{-5}\) \\ TOTAL & & \(2.63\times 10^{-5}\) DALY \\ \hline \multicolumn{3}{c}{**Ecosystem Damage**} \\ \hline Climate change ecosystem & & \(8.97\times 10^{-8}\) \\ Terrestrial acidification & & \(0.0399\times 10^{-8}\) \\ Freshwater eutrophication & & \(0.00296\times 10^{-8}\) \\ Terrestrial ectotoxicity & & \(0.00382\times 10^{-8}\) \\ Freshwater ectoxicity & species.yr & \(0.00112\times 10^{-8}\) \\ Marine ecotoxicity & & \(0.000244\times 10^{-8}\) \\ Agricultural land occupation & & \(0.197\times 10^{-8}\) \\ Urban land occupation & & \(0.0925\times 10^{-8}\) \\ Natural land transformation & & \(0.158\times 10^{-8}\) \\ TOTAL & & \(9.46\times 10^{-8}\) species.yr \\ \hline \multicolumn{3}{c}{**Resources scarcity**} \\ \hline Metal depletion & \$ & \(0.00493\) \\ Fossil depletion & \$ & \(0.486\) \\ TOTAL & & \(\$0.491\) \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 2: Damage assessment by damage category and its respective impact categories analyzed using World ReCiPe End Point (H), excluding long-term emissions. Figure 4: Contribution of each impact category to the total disability adjusted life year (DALY). that air/CO\({}_{2}\) contributed to the major portion, but the score was only \(1.3\times 10^{-5}\) DALY per 1 kg SPF-reinforced sago starch biocomposite takeout food containers. [PERSON] et al. [37], too, obtained similar results where CO\({}_{2}\) contributed the most, but the value was 0.0125 DALY for their study on the LCA of hybrid oil palm/glass fiber-reinforced polyurethane composites for the automotive crash box (ACB).