## 1 Introduction
### Literature Review  
Several studies have examined urban anomaly control using Thermography/IR images. In the field of fire research, one study was conducted to detect flashover phenomena involving rapid fire propagation using IR image sequences [22]. Studies have explored HW and system development for effective day and night surveillance by continuously using thermal cameras [17; 23; 24; 25; 26]. Others have examined human face recognition based on recent advanced thermography images [27], recognition of abnormal behaviors [28; 29], and falling recognition [30; 31]. These studies indicate deeper and more progressive explorations have been conducted besides just identifying general objects via thermal cameras. For instance, road control studies use thermal cameras for various applications, including pedestrian detection on the road at night [19], object detection in under-exposed areas for autonomous driving [32], pothole detection on roads [33], and wildlife detection at night [34; 35]. Transportation studies have explored the control of railway infrastructure elements such as train rails [36], while others have analyzed electric bicycle battery packs [37]. This indicates diverse thermography-based image analysis studies for preventing safety accidents in road and transportation. Some studies have also diagnosed buildings using thermal cameras, including detection of issues in building exteriors (e.g., corrosion of steel bars in concrete structures of buildings) [38; 39] and diagnosis of thermal bridges in buildings [40; 41; 42; 43; 44]. In relation to HW, one study analyzed the effects of the performance and variability of thermal cameras on changes in the body surface temperature of horses [45]. This study investigated the repeatability and reproducibility of thermal image measurements using five thermal camera models based on temperature measurements used in the field. This study emphasizes the importance of ensuring the quality of thermal cameras.  
Recent thermography research has focused on a more diverse range of topics, particularly a wider scope of control related to the detection of single objects, urban control, and monitoring diverse disasters, such as volcano monitoring [46], detection of temperature changes in landfills based on infrared satellite images [47], and urban heat island phenomenon [48; 49; 50; 51; 52; 53]. Some researchers have combined the latest equipment, such as drones and robots, for the detection of human objects based on drones [54; 55; 56; 57], inspection of building exteriors via drones [58], vegetation classification in urban areas via drones [59], and outdoor security surveillance robots [60]. Thus, research using Thermography/IR images has been conducted in various fields: day and night surveillance, road/traffic control, building diagnosis, various disaster monitoring, and control of urban spaces. This indicates an expanded increase in use cases and applications for thermal camera-based services; while selecting a service model in Section 3, we referred to these studies. However, these studies focused on individual fields; few studies adopt a comprehensive perspective related to using thermal cameras for practical urban surveillance services. This study differs from previous studies in that it explores the selection of comprehensive and diverse abnormal situation detection services based on thermal cameras by actual operators, such as local governments and facility managers, who manage abnormal situations in a city.