## 1 Introduction  
The 3D printing (additive manufacturing (AM)) of precise metal models includes three technological phases: pre-process (simulation, prediction, and data preparation), processing (3D printing), and post-processing (heat treatment, support removal, machining, etc.). These processes can realize a significant reduction in or even elimination of stresses and deformations, thereby reducing scrap and manufacturing costs. Selective laser melting (SLM) is a powder bed fusion (PBF) additive manufacturing technology, whose principle consists of melting atomized metal powder by laser. The SLM method is characterized by a thermal process taking place in the so-called melt pool, where the metal powder melts [1]. Due to the repeated heating and cooling, there are high temperature gradients resulting in high thermal stress in SLM-printed parts [2]. Heat transfer in the SLM process has a great influence on the final mechanical properties of the print. To obtain a fully dense component without pores, it is necessary to completely melt the metallic particles of the powder. Therefore, it is advisable to use high laser power. However, this power can produce negative thermal effects, such as the balling effect and internal stress [3], causing part distortion or cracks. Several researchers have already studied distortion prediction [4, 5], mostly based on simulations of a model for welding using the finite elements (FE). This simulation method involves the application of a mathematically modeled heat source to the thermomechanical finite element analysis (FEA) [4]. This method has been mainly applied in a process where the input material is a powder or an additional wire. However, these simulations are very limited when the geometry of the part is complex. [PERSON] et al. [5] performed a fully coupled thermo-mechanical numerical simulation that included phase-change phenomena defined in terms of both the latent heat release and shrinkage effects. In this way, the authorsformulated a new activation methodology for simulating layer deposition. This method was followed by the work of [PERSON] et al. (2018), who successfully simulated the deposition of individual layers. In addition, the authors improved the model by calibrating the inflow and heat input to predict the correct temperature and distortion. The authors then compared the results experimentally. [PERSON] et al. (2018) developed a 3D FE model for the prediction of melt pool size and temperature gradients that are affected by the scan speed parameter during single-layer deposition. This model, however, is valid only for AISI 316L materials. The authors noted that higher speeds produced a smaller melt pool size based on the width and depth parameters, but the pool length parameter was higher. Another conclusion of this publication was that the highest temperature gradients were reached with the first layer and then rapidly decreased with each subsequent layer (at all scan speeds tested). [PERSON] et al. (2018) used a 3D FE model to investigate the dependence of temperature gradients on laser power and scanning speeds. It was shown that high laser power and low scanning speed led to significant heat input and a high maximum temperature in the SLM process. However, these simulation approaches require high computer (PC) performance and considerable computational time. To speed up the simulations, some researchers have begun to use the inherent strain approach, which is commonly employed in the field of welding for large components. [PERSON] et al. (2018) used the inherent strain approach at a macroscale and successfully managed to significantly reduce the computational times of the simulations. However, it remains unknown how accurate these simulations are, because they have not been experimentally verified. A similar approach based on FE and inherent strain was developed by the team of [PERSON] et al. (2018), who succeeded in simulating an industrial model of an impeller blade at a macroscale.