# Assessment of Drought Severity and Vulnerability in the Lam Phaniang River Basin, Thailand
## 4 Conclusions
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c c} \hline \hline \multirow{3}{*}{**Period**} & \multirow{3}{*}{**Scenario**} & \multicolumn{4}{c}{**Average DRI Values at Different Time Scales**} \\ \cline{3-8}  & & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**3-Month**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**12-Month**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**24-Month**} \\ \cline{3-8}  & & **Value** & **Class** & **Value** & **Class** & **Value** & **Class** \\ \hline
2000–2017 & Baseline & 0.31 & Moderate & 0.23 & Low & 0.11 & Low \\ \hline
2021–2040 & RCP 4.5 & 0.26 & Moderate & 0.37 & Moderate & 0.45 & Moderate \\  & RCP 8.5 & 0.25 & Moderate & 0.45 & Moderate & 0.50 & High \\ \hline
2041–2060 & RCP 4.5 & 0.21 & Low & 0.09 & Low & 0.08 & Low \\  & RCP 8.5 & 0.32 & Moderate & 0.40 & Moderate & 0.43 & Moderate \\ \hline
2061–2080 & RCP 4.5 & 0.30 & Moderate & 0.28 & Moderate & 0.38 & Moderate \\  & RCP 8.5 & 0.21 & Low & 0.12 & Low & 0.08 & Low \\ \hline
2081–2100 & RCP 4.5 & 0.22 & Low & 0.16 & Low & 0.22 & Low \\  & RCP 8.5 & 0.20 & Low & 0.06 & Low & 0.06 & Low \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 5: Average Drought Risk Index values for the Lam Phaniang River Basin at different time scales under RCPs 4.5 and 8.5 during 2000–2100. findings implicate that the comprehensive framework applied herein for the Lam Phaniang River Basin could be applied and adapted for other river basins in Northeast Thailand, in which the obtained findings could be utilized as necessary information and guidance for preparedness, resilience, adaptive behavior, and intensified localized planning schemes to droughts under climate and land use change impacts. Finally, despite the efforts already made so far, there are points that require further work to be undertaken. One is that there is a desire for the detailed application of crop simulation models for assessing climate change impacts on growth, yield, and water requirement of crops in the Lam Phaniang River Basin. For the development of a realistic simulation, depending on crop types and geographical locations, the consideration of adaptation in cultivation practices, e.g., shifting of non-suitable areas to suitable agricultural production based on a \"Zoning by Agri-Map\", changing the cropping calendar, adopting new cultivars, etc. should also be addressed. Conceptualization, K.K. ; methodology, K.K. ; software, K.K. and S.W. ; validation, K.K. and S.W. ; formal analysis, S.W. ; investigation, K.K. and S.W. ; writing--original draft preparation, K.K. ; writing--review and editing, K.K. ; supervision, K.K. ; project administration, K.K. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript. This research was funded by Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Khon Kaen University, contract number 5/2561. The authors gratefully acknowledge the financial support for this study provided by the Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Khon Kaen University, as well as the helpful comments and suggestions of several anonymous reviewers. Appreciation is expressed for the contributions by Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Khon Kaen University, Sustainable Infrastructure Research and Development Center (SIRDC), and Center for Water Resources Engineering and Environment. A number of institutions, i.e., Regional Irrigation Office 6, Royal Irrigation Department, Water Resources Regional Office 4, Department of Water Resources, Northeast Hydro Power Plant, Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand (EGAT), Upper Northeastern Meteorological Center, Thai Meteorological Department, and Land Development Department (LDD), also deserve special acknowledgment from the authors for their magnificent cooperation in providing data used in this study. The authors declare no conflict of interest. The funders had no role in the design of the study; in the collection, analyses, or interpretation of data; in the writing of the manuscript, or in the decision to publish the results.