## 1 Introduction  
During pavement construction, the vibration load of vibratory rollers has an obvious influence on buried pipelines. The additional vibration load generated by rollers poses a serious threat to the overall performance of pipelines, thereby shortening the service cycle of buried pipelines. However, there are few reports on the variation of the dynamic response of buried pipelines under the action of large vibratory rollers. The buried depth and backfill properties are key factors affecting the mechanical response of pipelines [1]. Therefore, studying the mechanical response rules of buried pipelines from vibration compaction during construction and the influence of buried depth and filling properties has important significance for guiding the evaluation of pipeline safety. There has been considerable previous research on the dynamic response of underground pipelines under earthquake action [2; 3; 4; 5; 6; 7; 8; 9; 10], including the calculation and analysis method of the dynamic response of pipelines during an earthquake, the mechanisms of pipe-soil interactions, the influence of various factors on the dynamic response of pipelines, and the calculation method for the seismic stress between pipelines. These studies provide some ideas for the study of the influence of vibratory rollers on buried pipelines. For example, [PERSON] et al. [9; 10] proposed a thin circular cylindrical shell model for the earthquake behavior of buried pipes, which took into account the bucking and fracture modes of the buried pipelines. This model provides an idea for the three-dimensional force analysis of a pipeline under dynamic load. However, compared with seismic load, the vibration loads of rollers are quite different in vibration frequency, scope, and time of action. Therefore, the previous research methods cannot be used to fully study the dynamic response of underground pipelines caused by vibratory rollers. At present, there are few reports about the dynamic response of buried pipelines under the action of a large vibratory roller. [PERSON] et al. [11] studied the stress-strain characteristics of cement pipelines under the action of a vibratory roller, predicted the initiation and propagation of cracks, and studied the influence of the compaction degree of pipe-side soil on pipeline deformation. However, in this paper, compaction forces were applied only at four specific locations without considering the impact of roller speed. [PERSON] et al. [12] studied the behavior of buried pipes under static and moving traffic loads using a robust finite element analysis. The results show that the maximum pipe crown displacement is greatly affected by the load velocity, and the increasing load speed causes a small decrease in the induced pipe displacement. Therefore, if the load movement is not considered, the results are conservative and inconsistent with the actual situation. In addition, [PERSON]'s research did not involve flexible pipes. The influence of soil cover depth on pipes has been studied extensively. [PERSON] et al. [13] developed a numerical model and recommended a minimum soil cover of 305 mm, which is identical to the one proposed by [PERSON] and [PERSON] [14; 15]. [PERSON] et al. 's [16] experiments on concrete pipelines show that when the buried depth of the pipeline increases, the increase of the bending moment of the pipeline caused by the self-weight of the soil is much smaller than the decrease of the bending moment caused by the traffic load. [PERSON] et al. [17] studied the deformation of the steel pipe buried in cohesionless soil under moving surface loads. Experiments showed that when the pipe was installed in a shallow depth, the cross-section of the pipe changed from a vertical ellipse to a horizontal ellipse under a moving surface load. [PERSON] et al. [18] studied the influence of buried depth on the impact force and acceleration of pipelines under impact load.