# Orbital-Based Automatic Multi-Layer Multi-Pass Welding Equipment for Small Assembly Plates
## 7 Conclusions  
This equipment eliminates the need for manual repetitive handling and enables rapid equipment assembly. Based on rail operation, it offers a flexible working range, realizing smooth, efficient, and continuous batch automatic welding in confined spaces. Additionally, the equipment can be connected to external power sources and numerical control operation boxes, supporting offline operations and function customization. The equipped teach pendant includes remote control, start, and emergency stop functions. Using this paper as an example, the following is a comparative analysis of other automatic welding solutions in terms of processing accuracy, efficiency, and cost. Reference [9] utilized automatic welding equipment, achieving a final welding formation rate of 85%. Through single-layer welding, the processing efficiency reached 600-800 plates per hour, enhancing the processing speed for simple welding of small structural parts. However, compared with this paper, that study requires manual handling and fixing of workpieces, which introduces certain errors and results in some waste in labor and material processing costs. Improvements are needed when dealing with slightly more complex welding processes and workpiece tasks. Reference [5] completed the design of a six-DOF gantry welding robot. However, compared with this paper, the track mechanical structure adopted in that design can be further refined and improved to better align with actual working conditions, thereby ensuring processing efficiency and accuracy during equipment operation and processing. In reference [11], plates with specifications of 200 \(\times\) 150 \(\times\) 10 mm were processed, with an average welding speed of 0.6-0.8 meters per hour. The weld seams were uniform with good quality. However, compared with this paper, their continuous batch processing of small plates could further optimize processing speed and efficiency while maintaining the current processing quality. Reference [12] completed the design of automatic pipe welding equipment, achieving good weld appearance and satisfactory welding speed. However, compared with this paper, further considerations can be made in integrated equipment selection and mechanical structure design to expand the specifications of processable pipes and enhance the precision of automatic welding. Focusing on typical application cases and design research of multi-layer multi-pass welding equipment for small assembled plates, this paper addresses, to some extent, the low automation level in processing small assembled plates in the shipbuilding industry, which heavily relies on traditional manual processing. Compared with other automatic welding solutions, this scheme avoids repetitive manual handling of equipment and intervention operations. Through rapid installation and commissioning based on rails, continuous batch welding of small assembled plates can be carried out without additional operations once the setup is completed. Compared with other automated application schemes, this paper demonstrates certain advantages in processing accuracy, efficiency, and cost when handling plates of different batches and specifications. Figure 41: Comprehensive evaluation diagram. In the future, integrated equipment such as robotic arms can be selected and developed according to technical requirements to meet different levels of processing and adapt to different working conditions. From the perspective of future development directions and potential industrial application environments, the end flange, mechanical structure, sensing and control systems, power supply, and other integrated components of this equipment can be flexibly selected and expanded to more application scenarios and technical fields, such as grinding, handling, and spraying. Finally, combined with Figure 42, the following three points are summarized and organized.