## 3 Results
### Aviation Health Management Framework  
The aviation health management framework is a comprehensive, technology-driven approach designed to optimize the maintenance, safety, and efficiency of aviation operations (Figure 1). At its core, HMGT leverages real-time data analytics, predictive modeling, and integrated communication systems to proactively manage the health of aircraft. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c} \hline \hline
**Aspect** & **Health Monitoring** & **Health Management** \\ \hline \multirow{6}{*}{Definition} & The technique of monitoring & Using aircraft- and \\  & the output of one or more & fleet-generated data to \\  & condition indicators during & promptly identify \\  & aircraft operation, to diagnose & maintenance needs and \\  & faulty states and predict & trigger effective and efficient \\  & future degradation. & maintenance actions. \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{Process stages} & Sense, acquire, transfer, and \\  & analyze (SATA). & Sense, acquire, transfer, \\  & To observe and report on the \\  & health status of aircraft & \\  & systems and components, \\  & often in real time. & \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{Objective} & More reactive, identifying \\  & potential issues before they \\  & lead to failure but not \\  & necessarily prescribing action. & \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{Maintenance approach} & Limited to providing data on \\  & and insights into the health of \\  & the aircraft’s systems and \\  & components. & \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{Technology utilization} & Primarily focused on data \\  & collection and analysis to \\  & identify potential issues. & \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{Outcome} & Identification of potential \\  & issues and monitoring of \\  & system performance over \\  & time. & \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{Benefits} & Enhanced monitoring and \\  & early detection of potential \\  & issues, improving the \\  & reliability of aircraft \\  & components and systems. & \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{Examples} & Engine vibration monitoring, \\  & hydraulic fluid level \\  & monitoring, and temperature \\  & monitoring of critical \\  & components. & \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 1: Differences between HM and HMGT in aviation. This framework encompasses several key components and processes (Figure 1):  
1. Data Collection and Integration Aircraft are equipped with a wide array of sensors and Internet of Things (IoT) devices that continuously monitor various parameters, including engine performance, structural integrity, and system functionality. Data from these sensors, along with maintenance logs, flight data, and other relevant information, are integrated into a unified data platform. This integration allows for holistic analysis and ensures that all decision-making is based on comprehensive information. 2. Real-Time Monitoring and Analysis The system continuously monitors the data stream from aircraft sensors, identifying normal operating patterns and detecting any deviations in real time. Advanced analytics and machine learning algorithms analyze the collected data to diagnose existing issues, predict potential failures, and recommend preventive actions. 3. Predictive Maintenance and Prognostics AI-driven models predict future aircraft component failures or maintenance needs based on historical data, current performance metrics, and operational conditions. The system generates maintenance schedules and tasks before issues become critical, allowing for maintenance to be performed more efficiently and with minimal disruption to operations. 4. Decision Support and Actions Based on the analysis, the system provides detailed recommendations for maintenance actions, including parts replacement and system adjustments. The AHM framework also supports operational decision-making, offering insights that can optimize flight routes, fuel consumption, and overall aircraft performance. 5.