# Converging Telco-Grade Solutions 5G and beyond to Support Production in Industry 4.0
## 5 The Telco Cloud Enabled 5G Applications
### Architectural Overview  
The cloudified network, according to Cisco [185], will be fully virtualized from Core to RAN, with end-to-end automation for both network and services. Radio access will initially consist of 4G LTE (macro and small cells) and Wi-Fi, with 5G radio technology in the works. This virtualized Telco cloud architecture, as shown in Figure 7, will be capable of delivering a wide range of services such as consumer mobile, narrow-band IoT, rich media, and low-latency services such as augmented and virtual reality.  
As clarified in [186], Ericson also proposed a new model for future network architecture. According to Juniper [187], telecommunications networks are evolving from being a connectivity onramp to being a destination. To operationalize the investment in people, processes, and technologies, this transformation requires vision, strategy, and architecture. Juniper, on the other hand, can realize the transformation through innovative Telco Cloud solutions. You will achieve true cloud outcomes such as speed, agility, and scale by leveraging advanced architectures and an end-to-end automation framework to transform the business and monetize the network. In [188], Dell EMC and the 5G Network Transformation, where the term 5G has become a catch-all for the four approaches to technology transformation--Digital Transformation, IT Transformation, Workforce Transformation, and Security Transformation--applied to the mobile network. Dell's 5G strategy is end-to-end, as illustrated in Figure 8. The architectural separation of several clouds communicating with each other is discussed here, as well as how use cases rely on networkslicking. This also enforces the architecture's distributed multi-cloud approach, as well as how end-to-end slicing requirements must be met across these cloudified environments.  
In [189], the cloud-native can help future-proof telco networks, whereas service providers can cost-effectively deliver a plethora of compelling, revenue-generating services with the right distributed edge cloud platform. There are compelling 5G use cases in transportation, including smart transit and rail systems, autonomous shipping, and autonomous vehicles. Companies are investigating 5G-enabled robotics applications, human-machine interfaces (HMIs), and virtual Programmable Logic Controllers (vPLCs) as part of Industry 4.0. As illustrated in Figure 9, the healthcare sector is also actively investigating 5G for imaging, monitoring, and diagnostics. The architectural separation of the distributed control plane, edge controller, edge worker nodes, and use cases are shown here.  
Figure 8: End-to-End DELL 5G strategy.  
Figure 7: Completely virtualized with a shared and distributed Telco Cloud.  
The authors of [190] present a 5G Telco Cloud Platform, where Telco Cloud Platform combines multi-cloud management, and VMware Telco Cloud Automation for multi-domain orchestration and automation. A new IBM hybrid cloud [191] offers geared toward enterprise 5G and edge computing adoption. The authors in [192] defined Telco Cloud, Network Function Virtualization (NFV), and proposed a Telco Cloud architecture, as shown in Figure 10, which has four layers, as follows:  
1. Virtualization Network Function (VNF) Layer;
2. NFV Infrastructure (NFVI) Layer;
3. Operation Support Subsystem (OSS) Layer;
4. Management, Automation and Network Orchestration (MANO) Layer.  
Advanced flexible architectures for future 5G networks are also presented at [193; 194]. Ref. [195] also clarified the definition of the Telco Cloud and its requirements.