## 6 Conclusions  
A small amount of studies have performed targeted research on this debris flow disaster. For example, [PERSON] et al. (2019) and [PERSON] et al. (2019) investigated the sediment transport volume in Niumiangou after the earthquake. [PERSON] et al. combined earthquake landslides with heavy rainfall, while [PERSON] et al. evaluated the gravity erosion effect in the earthquake area. Furthermore, [PERSON] et al. (2019) applied FLO-2D to evaluate the risk of debris flow in Niumiangou valley using numerical simulations. The authors focused on comparing the debris flow disaster on 14 August 2010 with that on 26 September 2008 in order to highlight the severity of the debris flow disaster on 26 September 2008. [PERSON] et al. (2019) studied the effect of rainfall on the soil activity of the debris flow source area through artificial rainfall experiments. The results revealed soil activity to increase exponentially with rainfall. Thus, the research performed in our paper enriches the current literature on the debris flow disaster after the Niumiangou earthquake on 14 August 2010, as it is the first time these results have been reported. The conclusions of this work are as follows:  
1. The post-earthquake debris flows occurring in Niumiangou valley exhibit several typical characteristics. For example, they are all rainstorm-viscous-type debris flows, they generally happen between 11 p.m. and 5 a.m., they simultaneously break out in the main channel and six branch gullies and are induced in branches with high vegetation cover.
2. The dynamic parameters of the Niumiangou debris flows, such as volumetric weight, velocity, peak discharge, impact force, total amount of debris flow, total amount of solid materials washed out by a single debris flow, maximum height of the debris flow rises and the super elevation in the bend, are determined to be relatively large, and then it can be indicated that these debris flow disasters have great destructive power and are extremely harmful.
3. The hazard degree of the debris flows in Niumiangou valley is very high. The calculated hazard degree has been compared with the debris flows occurring port-Wenchuan earthquake in the years of 2008 and 2013 in Niumiangou valley. The hazard degree of the debris flows in Niumiangou valley is relatively higher compared to the other flows, with is consistent with the actual situation.  
According to these results, it can be concluded that debris flows in Niumiangou valley are currently in the development phase and can potently cause large-scale rainfall-induced debris flow disasters and extreme damage. These can easily occur in the rainy seasons during the 20 years proceeding an earthquake.  
Conceptualization, Y.Y. and W.C.; data curation, M.C., X.B. and M.W.; formal analysis, X.B., J.Z. and Z.Y.; resources, Y.Y., W.C. and J.Z.; validation, Z.Y. and Q.W.; visualization, X.Z. and W.C.; writing-original draft, Z.Y. and X.Z. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.  
This research was funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No.41861134008), the [PERSON] academician workstation of Yunnan Province (Grant No.2020105 AF150076), the Key R&D Program of Yunnan Province (Grant No. 202003 AC100002) and the General Program of basic research plan of Yunnan Province (Grant No. 202001 AT070043).  
Our research does not involve humans or animals.  
Data Availability Statement: Data are contained within the article.  
The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.