applied sciences  
Terninalia ferdinandiana (Kakadu Plum)-Mediated Bio-Synthesized ZnO Nanoparticles for Enhancement of Anti-Lung Cancer and Anti-inflammatory Activities  
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cases per year [2; 3]. To date, a variety of conventional medications such as chemotherapies, radiation, and surgery have been used against cancer. These therapies are evidently effective in the destruction of cancer cells, but they exceed in the occurrence of adverse effects due to nonselective effects directed at normal cells as well. Due to the highly advanced nanomedicine, targeted drug delivery, and multi-target inhibitors, conventional therapies are gradually becoming obsolescent in cancer treatment [4]. Nanomedicine is a biomedical application of nanotechnology that employs nanoparticles (NPs) to treat diseases [5; 6]. Several metal oxide nanoparticles are being developed to treat cancer. However, zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) have markedly demonstrated their ability in the treatment of various kinds of cancer due to their bioactivity, biodegradability, and biocompatibility. Furthermore, ZnO-NPs exhibited specific toxicity against cancer cells via reactive oxygen species production and mitochondrial membrane potential destruction, resulting in cancer cell apoptosis [7]. In addition, ZnO-NPs have advantageous properties such as radiation adsorption, higher stability, electrochemical coupling coefficient, and non-toxic, inexpensive luminescent material that could enhance the performance of drug synthesis [8]. Physical and chemical methods have traditionally been used to create NPs. Green synthesis of NPs is becoming increasingly popular among researchers due to its significant interest in avoiding toxic chemicals, high costs, and harsh reaction conditions [9; 10]. Bacteria, fungi, yeast, algae, and plants are among the biological sources used for the green synthesis of NPs. Plants have been identified as the best biological source for the synthesis of metal nanoparticles [11; 12; 13] due to their secondary metabolites, which can act as a natural reducing agent as well as a capping agent, and nanoparticles from plant materials are more stable than nanoparticles from other biological sources [14; 15]. _Terminialia ferdinundiana_, known as Kakadu plum, belongs to the _Combretaceae_ family, widely spread in northern and western Australia. The Kakadu plum is a yellowish-green fruit, 2.5 cm long and 1 cm in diameter, used traditionally as a refreshing drink in western Australia [16]. Phytochemical analysis has revealed that Kakadu plum is a rich source of vitamin C, flavonoid, and phenolic compounds [17; 18]. As it is highly enriched in these compounds, Kakadu plum has numerous benefits on human health as an anticancer, antioxidant, liver protector, anti-inflammatory, and antibacterial agent [19; 20; 21; 22; 23; 24]. Moreover, it is already reported that phenolic and flavonoid compounds could participate in Zn ions reduction and in the capping substance that stabilized ZnO-NPs [25; 26; 27; 28]. While there is a great number of in-depth studies researched on cancer activities of Kakadu plum, the potential medicinal effects of Kakadu plum on lung cancer remain elusive. Notably, no previous research on the preparation of ZnO-NPs using Kakadu plum extract has been reported in the literature. Considering the advantages of Kakadu plum and ZnO, in this study, we carefully synthesized Kakadu plum-zinc oxide nanoparticles (KKD-ZnO-NPs) to investigate their cytotoxicity effect using the A549 lung cancer cell lines and Raw 264.7 as non-cancerous cells.