# User QoS-Based Optimized Handover Algorithm for Wireless Networks
## 4 Experimental Results
### Experimental Scenarios  
Since the experimental environment focuses on the design of the handover algorithm and its experimental performance analysis, on the issue of security we will assume that the wireless network environment of this study is a secure environment. APs were properly secured throughout the experiment to avoid unauthorized access or malicious attacks. This experiment considered three experimental scenarios of high-density wireless network deployment, low-density wireless network deployment, and sparse wireless network deployment.  
Scenario 1: High-density wireless network deployment. As shown in Figure 4a, a certain number of APs were deployed to cover a geographical area and any location in the area could receive at least two wireless network signals. This scenario was based on a large-scale environment, and the AP signal coverage distance was 125 m. An AP was placed on each of the two endpoints and the midpoint of a horizontal straight line with a length of 50 m (i.e., AP4, AP2, AP7, and the distance between adjacent APs was 25 m). Above the two endpoints perpendicular to the straight line, an AP was placed 25 m below each (that is, AP1, AP3, AP5, AP6, and the distance between adjacent APs was 25 m). The UE could receive signals from at least four APs at the same time and could receive signals from up to seven APs at the same time. In addition, a server could provide the data required by the UE. The signal coverage range of AP1\(\sim\)AP7 is the circle that covers each AP in the figure, with each color corresponding to a different AP.  
Scenario 2: Low-density wireless network deployment, as shown in Figure 4b, deployed the minimum number of APs to cover a geographical area. This scenario was based on a large-scale environment, and the AP signal coverage distance was 125 m. One AP was placed at the center of the regular hexagon and six APs were placed at the six vertices of the regular hexagon. The distance between an AP and the adjacent AP was 100 m. The UE could receive signals from at least one AP at the same time and could receive signals from up to seven APs at the same time. In addition, a server could provide the data required by the UE. The signal coverage of AP1\(\sim\)AP7 is the circle that covers each AP in the figure, with each color corresponding to a different AP.  
Scenario 3: Sparse wireless network deployment, as shown in Figure 4c, deploys APs only where there is a demand for wireless networks. This scenario was based on a small-scale environment, and the AP signal coverage distance was 25 m. AP1 and AP2 were placed horizontally at a distance of 40 m, and AP3 and AP2 were placed vertically at a distance of 30 m. The UE could receive signals from at least one AP at the same time and could receive signals from up to two APs at the same time. In addition, a server could provide the data required by the UE. The ranges of signal coverage of AP1\(\sim\)AP3 are the circles that cover each AP in the figure, with each color corresponding to a different AP.  
The parameters of the experimental environments are shown in Table 1 and the parameters of the proposed handover algorithm are shown in Table 2. Note that in spare wireless network deployment, the signal coverage of the AP and the UE were both small, its \(HM^{\text{Good}}\) was set as 5 dBm, and the \(HM^{\text{Bad}}\) was set as 3 dBm [14].  
Figure 4: Experimental scenarios. (**a**) High-density wireless network deployment; (**b**) low-density wireless network deployment; (**c**) sparse wireless network deployment.