## 4 Discussions
The results allowed us to identify differences between the performance of RF and NRF films, as well as to compare the environmental impact of the bulk bottle packaging process depending on the type of film. The interpretation of the results of this study is subject to several limitations. First, the analysis presented in this article concerns an LCA analysis conducted within the specific boundaries of the system under study (gate to gate), which does not consider what happens to the seals when they reach consumers. In addition, the input data in terms of energy consumed in variant B of the studied process were the data adopted for the study of the environmental comparison of the studied process. The LCA analysis assumed an energy mix for Poland; if the selected mix were changed, the potential environmental impact would be different. Nevertheless, the LCA study showed that the use of RF films instead of NRF changed the impact of the studied process on three categories of harm: \"human health\", \"ecosystems\", and \"depletion\". The results clearly indicate that the bulk packaging process using NRF film has a greater potentially harmful impact on the environment. A life-cycle assessment conducted indicates that reusing waste plastic film has environmental benefits [50; 51]. Analyzing the results of our research, from a technical point of view, it is recommended to make changes in the structure of recycled films to match their functional properties with traditional heat-shrinkable films. This is so that they can become a viable substitute and, at the same time, influence the reduction of the harmfulness of the process of mass packaging of bottles. This will undoubtedly contribute to the reduction and prevention of excessive negative impacts within the three categories of damage studied. The widespread implementation of LCA in manufacturing enterprises will contribute to the verification and modernization of technological processes to reduce their negative impact on the environment [52]. By conducting this type of analysis, information is obtained on where changes need to be made to minimize the potential danger of implementing these processes [53; 54]. An assessment of the total environmental impact of the type of film used for packaging should also include an assessment of the environmental impact of film production, not just the bottle packaging process. Unfortunately, due to the cost of the recycling process, films with recycled materials added have a higher price than films without such additives. Consequently, even the lower cost of energy used in the packaging process does not compensate for the higher cost of purchasing film with the addition of recycled material. In the case we studied, it was not possible to obtain data on the cost and environmental impact of RF and NRF film production due to manufacturer secrecy. Analyzing the only data available to us, i.e., the price of both types of film, RF film was about 10-24% more expensive (depending on its thickness and dimensions) than NRF film, so it can be assumed that the financial cost of producing RF film is higher. In the development of an environmentally neutral industry, the implementation of a responsible strategy at the level of the European Union and member states plays an important role. Regulations should be created to encourage producers and promote the manufacture of products in an environmentally friendly manner, for example, through appropriate tax policies or access to credit on preferential terms. The environmental analysis showed a lower impact of the analyzed process using recycled film on the water environment. Improper management of plastic waste results in it being consumed by 44% of seabird species. In addition, a minimum of 267 species of marine organismssuffer the consequences of such a condition [55]. Human activity is the main cause of microplastic in water bodies [56], which is why proper post-consumer management of the film, including its reuse, is so important.