## 5 Conclusions  
Seismic information was utilized to predict the occurrence of overlying igneous layers within the coal measure strata, and an in-depth analysis was carried out on their influence on coal mining. The following conclusions were drawn:  
1. Conventional density logs were unable to effectively reflect the presence of igneous rock. However, the calculated artificial density logs exhibited a more favorable response. By integrating the calculated logs, igneous rock was distinctly manifested in the acoustic impedance inversion data. Based on this, the occurrence of igneous rock could be accurately predicted.
2. Serving as the primary load-bearing structure within the overburden, igneous rock exerts a profound influence on coal mining operations in the overburden strata. In Model 1, the horizontal stress exhibited a distinct stress concentration phenomenon, while in Model 2, no such concentration was observed. Regarding vertical stress, the concentration phenomenon was more widespread in Model 1. Moreover, the maximum fracture development height in Model 1 was significantly greater than that in Model 2. Additionally, the igneous rock within the overburden plays a role in controlling the subsidence of the upper strata to a certain extent.
3. The seismic inversion method can be regarded as an efficient means for predicting the occurrence of igneous rocks. This method offers a crucial foundation for the safety assessment of coal mining, empowering miners to more accurately anticipate potential geological risks and implement preventive measures in a timely manner.  
**Author Contributions:** Conceptualization, J.L. and Y.F.; methodology, F.L.; software, J.L.; validation, T.F.; formal analysis, Y.F.; investigation, B.W.; resources, J.L.; data curation, F.L.; writing--original draft preparation, J.L.; writing--review and editing, B.W.; visualization, T.F.; supervision, Y.F.; project administration, F.L.; funding acquisition, J.L. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.  
**Funding:** This study was financially supported by the Key Research and Development Program of Yunlong Lake Laboratory of Deep Underground Science and Engineering (No. 104023006), the Key Supported Project of the Joint Fund of the National Natural Science Foundation of China for Geology (No. U2444220), the National Key Research and Development Program of China (NO. 2022 YFC3003304), and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NOs. 42030810 and 42174165).  
**Institutional Review Board Statement:** Not applicable.  
**Informed Consent Statement:** Not applicable.  
**Data Availability Statement:** The original contributions presented in this study are included in the article. Further inquiries can be directed to the corresponding author.  
**Acknowledgments:** We would like to express our gratitude to the anonymous reviewers and the editors.  
**Conflicts of Interest:** Author [PERSON] was employed by the company Jiangsu CYP Industry Technology Research Institute, Ltd. The remaining authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.