## 1 Introduction  
### Literature Review  
After a 4.5% decline in 2020 caused by COVID-19 restrictions, the Global Energy Consumption rose by 5% in 2021. The impact of societal development was estimated to be 3 points above the 2%/year average over the 2000-2019 period [1]. Because of Russia's reductions in gas supplies to Europe during the last years, along with increased global demands following the easing of COVID-19 restrictions, energy prices became significantly higher. Following the global economic downturn since 2010, coupled with the realization that conventional diesel fuel sources are finite and environmentally harmful, numerous research efforts focus on enhancing the performance of complex fuel and energy systems [2, 3] and assessing alternative fuel options, including coal-bed methane, biofuel and lately hydrogen [4, 5]. Biodiesel, in particular, emerges as a sustainable energy alternative, environmentally clean, boasting eco-friendly attributes. In fact, it lacks aromatic and toxic compounds, is biodegradable, and significantly reduces sulfur oxide, carbon monoxide, and unburned hydrocarbon emissions, as well as soot released by diesel engines, either produced by heterogeneous catalysis [6, 7] or using supercritical methanol [8]. Although fossil fuels could be considered one of the most important development pillars for humanity, their emissions and the environmental issues they initiate restrict the appreciation towards them. Researchers nowadays are trying to propose good, feasible alternatives to traditional fossil fuels possessing nearly identical characteristics that have been sought after. Biodiesel appears to be a viable option, offering a clean and sustainable fuel source at competitive costs. Biodiesel is not only economical but also has important advantages, including non-toxicity, low pollution, and biodegradability, in comparison to conventional diesel. This ecological solution leads to an increasing high-quality fuel in abundant availability and biodiesel demand. Production principles [9; 10] and recent needs in biomass oil analysis and final product specifications were outlined [11; 12]. Strategies that can improve biodiesel-integrated processing, including reactive distillation [13; 14; 15], standards and testing methods [16], and sustainability issues [17; 18], were also described. Europe stands out as the primary global producer of biodiesel, attributed to its environmental directives aimed at curbing greenhouse gas emissions (GHGs) alongside ensuring energy security [19]. EU goals for the year 2030 are the following:  
1. From 1990, at least a 40% reduction in greenhouse gas emissions
2. Revision by 2023: 32% at least renewable energy apportion
3. Energy efficiency improvement at least 32.5%. Biodiesel can be categorized into three groups based on the sources of ingredients:  
* 1 st Generation: Consumable Vegetable Oils
* 2 nd Generation: Non-edible Oils and Animal Fats
* 3 rd Generation: Microalgal Oils. In contrast, traditional diesel fuel contains sulfur, a primary contributor to harmful emissions. Despite the lengthy and costly process of diesel desulfurization demanding substantial investments, the most effective means of reducing emissions lies in enhancing fuel quality using biodiesel blending. This approach not only lowers sulfur content but also upholds fuel quality standards. Moreover, fuel density is a crucial factor in determining the efficiency of different fuel mixtures containing diesel, biodiesel, and alkanols in compression ignition engines [20; 21; 22]. The labor-intensive and costly procedures involved in fuel mixture experimentation often result in extensive analyses to achieve optimal fuel quality and pricing [23; 24]. This problem finds a solution using evolutionary computation that offers efficient solutions, decreasing the execution time and the cost of the necessary experiments in parallel.