# Applications of AI and VR in High-Risk Training Simulations: A Bibliometric Review
###### Abstract  
The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) and virtual reality (VR) in high-risk training simulations represents a significant advance in preparing professionals for critical situations. This study presents an exhaustive bibliometric review of the scientific literature published between 2015 and 2025, analyzing the trends, impact, and evolution of these technologies in various high-risk fields. The methodology employed included systematic searches in databases, such as Web of Science and Scopus, using keywords related to AI, VR, and high-risk simulation. Here, 700 articles were analyzed, applying co-citation analysis and scientific mapping techniques. The results reveal an exponential growth in publications on this topic, with an average annual increase of 5.54%. The following main thematic clusters were identified: emergency medicine, aviation, nuclear industry, and disaster response. The co-authorship analysis showed strong international collaboration, with the United States, China, and Germany standing out as leaders in research. This study provides a comprehensive view of the current state of research, identifying the main areas, gaps, and opportunities in the application of AI and VR in high-risk training. artificial intelligence; virtual reality; training simulation; high risk; bibliometric review 2025  
21 March 2025  
8 May 2025  
2025 July 2  
and professional training, where it allows complex scenarios to be simulated without real risks [9]. VR and AI are experiencing exponential growth and showing transformative potential in various sectors [10]. The integration of AI into VR will enable the creation of personalized and adaptive immersive experiences in real time, significantly improving human-machine interaction [11]. In healthcare, for example, AI is expected to optimize medical diagnoses and enable complex simulations, while in entertainment, the combination of these technologies could generate completely personalized content, such as video games that are tailored to the user's emotions [12; 13; 14]. In addition, VR and AI are anticipated to drive advances in fields such as autonomous driving and architectural design, offering innovative and efficient solutions to complex challenges [15]. AI is playing a crucial role in the development of the metaverse and augmented reality, enabling more intuitive and personalized interactions in virtual environments [16]. In the field of training, AI and VR are revolutionizing teaching and learning methods [17]. VR has become a valuable tool for professional and technical training, offering immersive experiences that improve knowledge retention and allow dangerous situations to be simulated without real risks [18]. The integration of these technologies in education is radically transforming the educational landscape, enabling hands-on learning without borders and personalization of learning tailored to the needs of each student. In addition, the combination of AI and VR is creating new opportunities in sectors such as medicine, engineering, and aeronautics, where they are used to train professionals in complex procedures and advanced simulations [19]. The integration of AI and VR is revolutionizing different areas of training, including training and high-risk training, offering significant improvements (Figure 1) [20; 21]. In this regard, VR offers immersive environments that allow dangerous scenarios to be simulated without real risks, being especially useful in medicine [22], aviation [23; 24], accidents [25; 26], and natural disaster response [13]. For its part, AI enhances these simulations with predictive analysis, personalization, and process automation [27; 28]. In the context of high-risk training, the combination of VR and AI makes it possible to create advanced simulations for medical operations, crisis situations, and elite sports training [29]. These technologies significantly improve knowledge and skill retention [30].