## 6 Conclusions  
(1) In order to investigate the deformation process of the surrounding surface, numerical simulation studies were conducted at various excavation depths, using the massive foundation hole in the Hongshaquan second open-pit mine in Xinjiang as the engineering backdrop. According to the findings of the numerical simulation, the deformation of the surrounding surface exhibited a rising tendency as the excavation depth increased, but the distortion progressively reduced as the distance between the monitoring point and the slope crest increased.  
(2) The on-site vertical transmission towers' monitored displacement data were compared and examined with the numerical simulation findings in order to confirm the accuracy of the results. The correctness of the numerical simulation results was shown by this computation, which yielded a minimum Pearson correlation coefficient of 0.9514 and an average of 0.975.  
(3) A strong theoretical basis for investigating the deformation law of the surrounding surface under the disturbance of foundation pit excavation was established by the derivation of the elastic analytical technique for the deformation of the surrounding surface using elastic theory and the Fourier integral method.  
(4) A comparison was made between the numerical simulation solution and the analytical solution of the elastic solution for the surrounding deformation under the disturbance of foundation pit excavation. The efficacy of this approach was confirmed by the achievement of a highest sample standard deviation of 0.5 between the numerical simulation monitoring data and the analytical solution of the surrounding surface.  
(5) The further the monitoring point was from the slope crest, the less deformation there was, exhibiting an approximately inverse-proportional relationship, provided that the physical and mechanical parameters as well as the geometric parameters of the rock and soil mass in the foundation pit excavation area were fixed. The tilt displacement, vertical displacement, and horizontal displacement of the surrounding surface exhibited decreasing trends as the elastic modulus and Poisson's ratio grew, while the geometric parameters of the foundation pit slope remained constant. With a fixed excavation depth, the surrounding surface deformation rose as the slope angle increased; conversely, while the slope angle remained constant, the surrounding surface deformation increased as the excavation depth deepened.  
Conceptualization, data curation, formal analysis, funding acquisition, methodology, and writing--original draft, D.W.; data curation, formal analysis, methodology, and writing--review and editing, Y.W.; supervision, L.Y. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.  
This research was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (52374124); the Liaoning International Science and Technology Cooperation Program (2022 JH2/10700004); the Liaoning Natural Science Foundation Program (2022-BS-327); and the Fundamental Research Funds for the Universities in Liaoning Province (IJKQZ2021155).  
Not applicable.  
The original contributions presented in this study are included in the article. Further inquiries can be directed to the corresponding authors.  
The authors declare no conflicts of interest.