## 3 Results
### Effective Intake for Total and Specific Fatty Acids  
#### 3.2.1 Data Extracted: Reported Intakes of Total and Specific Fatty Acids  
After initial consideration, several articles were excluded from the final selection: [PERSON] et al., [29] for the USA, [PERSON] et al., [30] for Japan, [PERSON] et al., [31] for The Netherlands and [PERSON] [32] for Australia because more recent data were available from the new national surveys ([PERSON] [33] for the USA, NHNS-J 2018 for Japan [34], [PERSON] for the Netherlands [35] and [PERSON] [36], [PERSON] [37] and [PERSON] 2014 [38] for Australia. Finally, we identified 65 studies including children from age 1 to 7 years, done in 33 countries, published between 2000 and 2021. Several studies were identified from North America, Asia, Europe and Oceania, while there were very few studies from Africa and South America. A summary of all the studies collected can be found in Table 2. The number of studies recovered per geographical area is as follows (with number of studies per country in parentheses):  
* Three in Africa: Gambia, South Africa (two). * Twelve in North America: Canada (six), USA (four), Mexico (two)
* Three in South America: Argentina, Brazil, Chile
* Fifteen in Asia: Bangladesh, China, Indonesia, Japan (four), South Korea (two), Malaysia, Philippines (two), Singapore (three)
* Twenty-five in Europe: Belgium (two), Cyprus, Finland (three), France (two), Germany (two), Greece, Ireland (two), Italy, Poland, Spain (two), Sweden, The Netherlands (two), UK (four), Turkey
* Two in Middle East: Lebanon, United Arab Emirates (UAE)
* Five in Oceania: Australia (five)  
Fifty of the 65 included studies reported data from high income countries. Thirty-eight of the 65 studies were based on national studies, while 27 were either local or subnational studies (Table S1). Most studies included more than 100 subjects, but in 10 studies, e.g., two of the three studies done in Africa, the number of subjects per age group was less than 100. Data were collected largely in the last 10 years, but for some geographies, e.g., Africa, data were quite old (collected in 1978-1980 for Gambia, in 1998 in one of the two South African studies). While the assessment of fat intake was generally not the objective of the studies, 22 studies mentioned fat as one of their objectives (Table S1). These included 13 studies targeting PUFA, five of them specifically assessing n-3 PUFA. Only 23 studies in total reported DHA intake. The methods used to assess dietary intake were diverse (Table S2). Twenty-two studies recorded intake using dietary recall (10 used 24 h recall once; six used a 24 h recall at least twice and six used a 24 h dietary recall on whole sample + x days dietary recall on a subsample), 28 used a food record (mostly 3 day or more diary), while the remaining dietary assessment methods were either food frequency questionnaires (7), whole diet collection chemical analysis (one study) or combinations of several methods. Most studies did not inform on whether fortified foods or supplements were included. Nineteen studies reported they included fortified foods and 21 reported they included supplements (Table S3). Most of these supplements were vitamins and minerals, while only a few studies specifically reported that they included PUFA oil or fish oil supplements in their dietary assessment [35; 36; 39; 40; 41; 42]. Thirteen of the 31 studies done in 1-2 year-old children indicated that breast milk intake was included as part of the children's intake, and six reported that it was not, while 12 did not provide the information (Table S3). Table 2 reports the observed daily intake of energy, total fat, total SFA, LA and/or total n-6 PUFA, ALA and/or total n-3 PUFA, DHA, EPA + DHA in children 1-7 years old. The last column reports unsaturated FA, which are not in the scope of our review because there was no (ARA, DPA, total n-3 long chain-PUFA [LC-PUFA]) or only limited (total MUFA or total PUFA) intake recommendations.