## 1 Introduction  
For the Chinese domestic seafood farmer, live fish sales in seafood markets provide an important avenue through which to obtain high profit margins [1; 2]. As consumer demand and the marketplace to develop capacity for the supply of live seafood, the price conditions will shift the according competitive supply for specific markets. Outside of the cost of producing or capturing seafood (as in catching fisheries) the primary cost associated with conventional delivery of live sea fish to market is the freight cost of water weight [3; 4; 5]. For example, if live sea fish are shipped at a ratio of 1:3 to water weight, 75% of fuel and transport costs are attributed to just haul water; in addition to the cost of maintaining temperature and oxygenation or aeration [6]. Shipping live fish without water is also a proven method for relatively high survival in delivery for some sea fish, such as flatfish and Crucian carp. Sufficient margins can be obtained with lower energy consumption and very high volumes of live fish delivery; this is pertinent to economies of scale, which quickly cater for niche markets [7; 8; 9; 10]. Many sea fish have been shipped live, however, the waterless live shipping marketplace in China has not been well established yet [11; 12], and there are challenges with respect to their sensitivity to colder shipping temperatures and higher bio-energetic rates, which complicates shipping in a sealed atmosphere. In these shipping conditions, sea fish undergo an anesthetization procedure by slowly reducing water temperature before packing; thereafter they are placed on top and packed in insulated containers with a method of sealed oxygen enrichment (typically in sealed bags or fresh keeping boxes). Live sea fish are received at the destination, inspected for survival, and re-acclimated into tanks or aquarium cabinets for live sale. With the opportunities that live shipping with waterless conditions present, this method also presents several challenges that require some practical experience and testing. The principle behind waterless shipping is to minimize metabolism (proportional to temperature) and keep sea fish in a live state with adequate oxygen with moisture, but not liquid [13; 14; 15; 16]. With good temperature control and proper oxygen filled packaging, acceptable survival rates have been observed for shipping times over 30 h in our project. As with conventional shipping of live fish, timing is important. Full stacking of stressed fish, with decreased oxygen and temperature variation will likely result in moderate to high losses; shipping at a reasonable oxygen concentration will yield significantly higher survival rates. A lot of literature in the current study is focused on dissolved oxygen acquisition and monitoring. However, fish delivery systems often contain certain levels of oxygen that do not provide enough oxygen to satisfy the fish bodies [13; 14; 15; 16; 17; 18]. To offset this predicament, the fish will shift its metabolism to use the stored oxygen of the body, however, this will cause stress response and even reduce the survival rate. Moreover, during fish shipment in closed systems, the pressurized oxygen atmosphere usually is a significant factor for high survival in waterless transportation. Oxygen deficit may occur in exceptional cases when the density of fish is too high or the transport is of longer duration than the fish can stand. With full consideration of oxygen changes for the influence of fish survival quality, it is necessary to construct an oxygen level forecasting model as the basis of scientific adjustment measurement for sea fish live transportation. Consequently, taking the fish size and weight as well as transportation space into account, clustering these features are effective ways to classify the train subjects for further pertinent training. The gray model-particle swarm optimization-least squares support vector machines (GM-PSO-LSSVM), LSSVM, and GM mathematical models are compared for comprehensive accurate forecasting.