## 1 Introduction
### Studies Related to Photovoltaic (PV) Tracking Techniques  
Dual-axis sun tracker showed 44.7% performances compared better with fixed-tilt solar panels for the PV system in Perlis, Malaysia [49]. The performances of static-axis solar panels and single axis-solar tracker of hot climate equator region in Mossoro city, Brazil, are compared. The study deduced that the panels used single-axis sun tracker showed noticeableity average power gain compared to the static-title panels. This was due to the location approximate in the equator area; there was no large difference in sun path during day or year. Therefore, the density of solar radiation received is still high [50]. The study in [51] found that an equatorial tracker parallel with the earth's axis, and elevation rolling by an east-west direction tracker are superior to azimuth elevation by the vertical direction tracker, and rolling elevation by a north-south direction tracker. The case was a PV system in Arguedas (42.1 North and 1.58 West). Feasibility study of sun-tracking technology for PV panels in cold and hot climate is compared. The study found that in the cold climate like Berlin, Germany. The gain in power was 39%. The gain in power has not excessed 8% in the case of a hot climate like Aswan, Egypt. Therefore, if the power needs to drive sun tracker in the range from 5% to 10%, meanwhile, sun-tracking technology is not feasible in hot countries [52]. The study in [53] proposed a PV tracking method based on the second derivative of energy produced and compared it outcome performances with PV tracker continuously follow the sun path, and PV tracker with step time following the sun. The result found that a PV tracker based on derivative of energy could be higher 2% of energy production than of the step time PV tracker. A new design dual-axis tracker was implemented for PV panels at a latitude close to 30\({}^{\circ}\). This tracker system costs 27% less than the conventional PV tracking technology. The result demonstrated that this system raised the collection efficiency by 24% related to a fixed device [54]. Two low cost PV power system have been installed in high and low altitude sites in the south of Australia. A dual PV tracker was considered for following the sun. The result showed that the higher gain of PV out yield in the higher altitude test, it amounts approximately 5% increase of peak power in high altitude [55]. The study in [56] assessed the techno-economic role of a sun tracking system of a standalone hybrid PV-pump storage hydroelectric (PV-PSH) energy system, for supplying the Costal area, south of Iran. The potential of PV tracking technology such as horizontal, fixed title, east-west horizontal axis tracker, azimuth vertical axis tracker, and dual-axis tracker was examined. The result demonstrated that the azimuth vertical axis tracker led to the minimum investment cost in the system, and good matching between demand and supply. As well, up to 18.2% of electricity could be saved. The study in [57] has investigated the potential of 31\({}^{\circ}\) existing fixed tilt, 29.25\({}^{\circ}\) yearly optimal tilt, as well six-PV tracking technology for the purpose determine the optimal configuration of a hybrid standalone system (PV-wind-battery) in low windy and good solar in hilly terrain, India. Homer software is used to develop the design. The result found that the optimal configuration of all sun-tracker except dual-axis tracker was 7 kWp PV, 5 kWp wind turbine, 10 batteries, and 2 kwp inverter. Moreover, for the dual-axis tracker and two-fixed title the optimal configuration was 8 kWp PV, 5 kWp wind turbine, 10 batteries, and 2 kWp inverter. The result showed that horizontal axis (monthly, daily, continuous adjustment), and a dual-axis tracker generated 4.88-26.29% extra energy each year than of the existing fixed tilt. The cost of energy was found to be more in terms of a dual axis tracker than other PV trackers and two-fixed tilt.