## 1 Introduction  
The interest in adding biochar (BC) to improve the hydro-physical properties of sandy soils has increased dramatically in recent years. In addition, with the application of a suitable particle size and rate of biochar, mainly in the form of nanoparticles, the hydro-physical characteristics of sandy soils in arid and semi-arid regions have been improved. There are main forms of particle biochar that can be used to improve soil physical properties: macro-biochar (<2 mm) and nano-biochar (<100 nm). However, biochar nanoparticles are considered the most promising amendments to enhance soil physical properties in water conservation and have been tested under both laboratory and field conditions using chemical processes in preparation [1]. There are two approaches for altering the surface characteristics of biochar: synthetic or physical modification. Most of the methods of qualification continue to be projectiles for weaponry, such as those which use oxidizing powers or an acidic or soluble environment. According to reports, these methods significantly enhance the changed physicochemical characteristics of biochar [2]. According to physical techniques reported by [3, 4], nano-biochar can be produced using a variety of qualification processes. Ball-mill extrusion represents a highly efficient and environmentally responsible method for producing nanoparticle-based substances with unique traits [5; 6]. Numerous studies concluded that preparation via ball milling could enhance the physiochemical properties of biochar and increase the effective adsorption of mineral and organic matter [1; 7]. The effective application of biochar as a soil additive, which could serve as a carbon sink, a detoxifying agent, and a way for increasing plant production, particularly when developed as a char-mineral combination, has generated interest regarding characterization. Improving biochar efficiency, choosing the raw material, and the preparation conditions necessitate an understanding of the composition and the chemistry of biochar composed of different minerals and organic phases [8]. The characterization of the biochar nanocomposite was accomplished using a reduced size (nanoscale) and resulted in an mesoporous structure, with MgO nanoparticles evenly distributed with the biochar at low doses of 1.0 g L\({}^{-1}\) and 0.2 g L\({}^{-1}\), respectively [9]. Abundant scientists reported on the impact of macro sizes of biochar on the physical characteristics of soil [10; 11; 12; 13]. Recently, many scientists stated that the macro particle size (\(\leq\)2 mm) of biochar may be decreased by the soil bulk density and increased by the soil moisture content. The biochar produced from date palms reduced the bulk density and increased the field capacity (FC) of sandy soil compared to untreated soil [14]. [PERSON] et al. [15] determined that the biochar produced from palm oil increased the water-holding capacity of sandy soil. [PERSON] et al. [16] stated that the application of pine sawdust macro-biochar at the rate of 22 t ha\({}^{-1}\) caused a reduction in the saturated hydraulic conductivity by up to 37%, and increased water retention capacity and water holding capacity by 28-32% and 11-14%, respectively. [PERSON] [17] concluded that biochar increased the physical properties of sandy loam soils. Raised rates of biochar application caused a linear decrease in saturated hydraulic conductivity K\({}_{\text{sat}}\); the K\({}_{\text{sat}}\) values were 0.49, 0.31, 0.23, 0.20, and 0.18 cm min\({}^{-1}\) for the application rates of 0, 25, 50, 75, and 100% (\(v/v\)), respectively. The study by [11] investigated the effects of macro particles sizes of biochar produced from Conocarpus waste and with different application depths on the behavior of hydro-physical properties in laboratory conditions. Results indicated that the soil water remained at 15.14% when using biochar with a particle size of \(<\)0.5 mm, 12.48% for a biochar particle size of (0.5-1), and 11.58%, for a particle size of (1-2 mm). [PERSON] et al.