## 1 Introduction  
Nowadays, wireless communication technology demands a more reliable source medium to fulfil the requirements of broadband, IoT, data analysis, and smartphone use. For these, although the existing telecommunication infrastructure is sufficient to meet the needs of urban and suburban areas, it is not reliable in extremely rural areas or areaswith no connectivity. The governments are still trying to cover all the suburban areas with minimum communication. However, a gap still exists in dense forest areas. In these cases, communication relies solely on satellite communication services. Some existing telecom infrastructures purely depend on VSAT as backhaul, where fibre or microwave backhaul is not feasible. However, even with the help of VSAT backhaul, it is not possible to develop towers to provide existing communication services. Hence, the only solution is communication through satellites. These satellite services are not very advanced in their current state. They can only be used now for SOS or emergency message services using low-earth orbit satellites. Some current devices, such as those from Apple and Samsung, can share messages over a satellite link. The Snapdragon X80 5G modem in Galaxy phones supports satellite connectivity for non-terrestrial networks. However, voice or data connectivity is still not advanced enough to work at full capacity. This field requires extensive research and deployment to deliver improved communication services to users. Satellite internet communications are now operated in the Ku-band in most areas, covering the frequency range from 12 GHz to 18 GHz. Antennas with reflectors are used in these satellite communication services [1]. These reflector antennas help achieve high gain with a very narrow beam and low side lobe levels for point-to-point or point-to-multipoint communications. The main applications include broadband internet access and backhaul for cellular networks. The current research and development trend for Ku-band satellite internet antennas includes multiband and multi-mode operations, antenna miniaturisation, antenna materials, the use of flat panel structures, increased bandwidth, beamforming, IoT connectivity, and high-throughput facilities. Among all these recent trends, antenna miniaturisation, high gain, and beam scan capabilities are being focused on, and extensive studies are being carried out to solve the issues. Conventional reflectors are very bulky and space-consuming when used with the feeder. To address this issue, the concept of reflectarray has been developed by researchers. Reflectarray antennas are a hybrid of phased arrays and reflectors [2]. A reflectarray comprises a few radiators that impart a specified phase to the incident field from a feed and radiate the signal back into free space. These are very lightweight, easy to design, and can be fitted anywhere with minimal space requirements. In this way, reflectarrays are preferable over conventional reflectors for satellite communications. Several types of reflectarray antennas have been studied by [PERSON] et al. in [3]. These include the FSS-backed reflectarray [4], modified Malta cross [5], fractal-shaped reflectarray [6], Phoenix cell [7], spiraphase reflectarray [8], reflectarray with the perforated dielectric substrate [9], etc. Among them, the Phoenix cell and fractal-shaped unit cell reflectarray are the most popular due to their ease of design and analysis. In [7], [PERSON] developed a Phoenix cell reflectarray and demonstrated the structure performance with different ring widths at 5 GHz. Similarly, in [10], [PERSON] et al. studied a broadband reflectarray using a circular phoenix unit cell at a higher frequency range around 10 GHz. A 225-element reflectarray is designed and studied for different ring radius in the same article. Intelligent metasurfaces are also found to be an excellent option for use in the design of antennas for satellite communications [11; 12].