## 2 Materials and Methods
### Cloud Model
#### 2.2.3 Constructing the Comprehensive Evaluation Cloud of Suitability  
We first split the assessment area into t evaluation units, choose the comment set based on each secondary index system in Table 2, and then obtain the evaluation matrix in order to build a thorough evaluation cloud. The cloud generator calculates the secondary index cloud feature digital matrix, which is then combined with the secondary index weight matrix to produce the corresponding first-level evaluation index cloud feature digital  
Figure 4: Backward cloud generator. Figure 3: Forward cloud generator. Figure 2: Digital characteristics of the cloud model. matrix. The combined first-level evaluation index cloud feature digital matrix and weight matrix then produce the comprehensive cloud digital feature of the t-th evaluation. The suitability level of the t-th unit is then determined via comparing the complete cloud map of the t-th unit's suitability that is produced by the forward cloud generator (CG) with the standard assessment cloud map. Mapping software ([[https://www.esri.com/en-us/arcgis/products/mapping/overview](https://www.esri.com/en-us/arcgis/products/mapping/overview)]([https://www.esri.com/en-us/arcgis/products/mapping/overview](https://www.esri.com/en-us/arcgis/products/mapping/overview)), accessed on 2 August 2023) is used to create the complete suitability assessment zoning map of Xiongan New Area after repeating this procedure to collect the suitability evaluation grades of all t units. \[\text{C}_{\text{t}}= \begin{pmatrix}\text{W}_{1}\\ \vdots\\ \text{W}_{\text{t}}\end{pmatrix} ^{\text{T}} \begin{pmatrix}\text{E}_{\text{x 1}}&\text{E}_{\text{n1}}&\text{H}_{\text{e1}}\\ \vdots&\vdots&\vdots\\ \text{E}_{\text{xt}}&\text{E}_{\text{nt}}&\text{H}_{\text{et}}\end{pmatrix} = \left(\text{E}_{\text{xt}}^{*},\,E_{\text{nt}}^{*},\,\text{H}_{\text{et}}^{*}\right) \tag{12}\]  
\[\text{E}_{\text{xt}}^{*}=\frac{\text{E}_{\text{x1}}\text{E}_{\text{n1}}\text{ W}_{1}+\cdots+\text{E}_{\text{xt}}\text{E}_{\text{nt}}\text{W}_{\text{t}}}{ \text{E}_{\text{n1}}\text{W}_{1}+\cdots+\text{E}_{\text{nt}}\text{W}_{\text{t}}} \tag{13}\]  
\[E_{\text{nt}}^{*}=\text{E}_{\text{n1}}\text{W}_{1}+\cdots+\text{E}_{\text{nt}} \text{W}_{\text{t}} \tag{14}\]  
\[\text{H}_{\text{et}}^{*}=\frac{\text{H}_{\text{el}}\text{E}_{\text{n1}}\text{ W}_{1}+\cdots+\text{H}_{\text{et}}\text{E}_{\text{nt}}\text{W}_{\text{t}}}{ \text{E}_{\text{n1}}\text{W}_{1}+\cdots+\text{E}_{\text{nt}}\text{W}_{\text{t}}} \tag{15}\]  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c} \hline \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**First-Order**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**Second-Order**} & \multicolumn{5}{c}{**Evaluation Index Grading Standard**} \\ \cline{3-6}  & & **Unsuited** & **Less Suitable** & **Relatively Suitable** & **Suitability** \\ \cline{3-6}  & & **I** & **II** & **III** & **IV** \\ \hline \multirow{8}{*}{ \begin{tabular}{c} Foundation soil \\ condition \\ \end{tabular}  } & 0–5 m foundation & \multirow{2}{*}{ \begin{tabular}{c} 6a \textless{} 80 kPa \\ bearing capacity f\({}_{\text{a}}\) \\ 5-10 m foundation \\ bearing capacity f\({}_{\text{a}}\) \\ \end{tabular}  } & \multirow{2}{*}{ \begin{tabular}{c} f\({}_{\text{a}}\) \textless{} 80 kPa \\ 5-100 kPa \\ bearing capacity f\({}_{\text{a}}\) \\ \end{tabular}  } & \multirow{2}{*}{ \begin{tabular}{c} 80 kPa \textless{} f\({}_{\text{a}}\) \textless{} 100 kPa \\ 5-100 kPa \\ bearing capacity f\({}_{\text{a}}\) \\ \end{tabular}  } & \multirow{2}{*}{ \begin{tabular}{c} 100 kPa \textless{} f\({}_{\text{a}}\) \textless{} 100 kPa \\ 5-100 kPa \\ bearing capacity f\({}_{\text{a}}\) \\ \end{tabular}  } & \multirow{2}{*}{\ \begin{tabular}{c} 100 kPa \textless{} f\({}_{\text{a}}\) \textless{} 100 kPa \\ 5-100 kPa \\ 5-100 kPa \\ bearing capacity f\({}_{\text{a}}\) \\ Soil comprehensibility \\ \end{tabular}