## 4 Discussion  
This study examines the effects of CPP, HSO, and MDI contents on the material properties of polyurethane-based biocompatible materials in great detail. The findings indicated that each of these factors exerts a considerable and robust influence on the physical, mechanical, thermal, and dielectric properties of the biocomposites. Initially, it was determined that CPP exerts a predominant influence on material properties, including density and hardness. An increase in CPP content resulted in a notable enhancement in the density and Shore A hardness of the biocomposites, whereas the impact of HSO on these properties was comparatively less pronounced. CPP was identified as a critical component in the optimization of material hardness through an increase in density. Conversely, the rise in HSO concentration had a restricted impact on density but demonstrated a declining effect on Shore A hardness. This was attributed to the formation of a more flexible structure within the polyurethane matrix. Thermal conductivity analyses demonstrated that HSO is the primary factor responsible for enhancing thermal conductivity. However, an increase in CPP content resulted in a reduction in the conductivity coefficient, thereby offering a suitable design parameter for applications that require energy efficiency. These findings underscore the necessity for meticulous regulation of the CPP and HSO ratios to achieve optimal thermal performance in biocomposites. With regard to dielectric properties, it was observed that the polar structure of HSO increased the dielectric constant, whereas CPP, due to its low polarity, decreased this property. These findings suggest that a balance between the HSO and CPP ratios is necessary to achieve optimal dielectric properties. With regard to the mechanical properties, particularly tensile strength and strain, it was observed that an increase in HSO content resulted in enhanced elasticity but a reduction in strength. Conversely, an increase in CPP content was observed to enhance tensile strength, thereby improving the mechanical performance of the material. However, it was recognized that the CPP and HSO ratios must be meticulously optimized in order to achieve optimal mechanical properties. The results of the ANOVA indicated that the CPP, HSO, and MDI factors had a significant effect on the majority of properties, and the models used demonstrated a high degree of fit to the dataset. In particular, both linear and second-order effects of CPP and  
Figure 9: Microscope images of (**a**) pure polyurethane and (**b**) HSO-reinforced biocomposite. HSO were found to exert a significant influence on the properties of the biocomposites. Nevertheless, the potential for synergistic interactions between the factors was found to be limited. In conclusion, the findings of this study indicate that the careful control of CPP and HSO ratios during the production of polyurethane-based biocomposites is a crucial factor in achieving optimal material properties. The findings of this study enhance the applicability of biocomposites in industrial applications that require optimization of energy efficiency, mechanical performance, and dielectric properties. Further research should concentrate on the effects of additional additives at varying ratios in order to enhance the performance of biocomposite materials. Conceptualization and methodology, E.A. ; data curation, resources, formal analysis, validation, and original draft preparation, C.Y. ; software, visualization, writing--review and editing, and project administration, C.K. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript. This research was funded by [Firat University, Scientific Research Projects Supporting Unit] grant number [MF24.120] And The APC was funded by [Firat University, Scientific Research Projects Supporting Unit]. The data presented in this study are available on request from the corresponding author. We would like to express our gratitude to Firat University for their invaluable support throughout the study.