# Node-Based QoS-Aware Security Framework for Sinkhole Attacks in Mobile Ad-Hoc Networks
## 3 Material and Methods
### State-of-the-Art Literature Review
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c} \hline \hline
**Article** & **Contributions** & **Limitations** \\ \hline \multirow{6}{*}{[PERSON], et al. [5]} & Proposed a novel cross-layer cooperative scheme & Their techniques focused on blackhole attack, \\  & for detecting blackhole attacks targeting the QoS & unlike our research, which deals with \\  & of OLSR in VANETs. They implemented an IDS & sinkhole attack. Both studies used a \\  & that includes a pathrater and a watchdog & cross-layer approach though our research \\  & between MAC and network layers. At the & involves more layers’ interactions and more \\  & application layer, the AES algorithm is & sensor node security was implemented in our \\  & implemented as an additional security measure. & research. \\ \hline \multirow{6}{*}{[PERSON] and [PERSON] [6]} & The authors used an intrusion detection system & Although IDS was implemented, it was \\  & AODV and a watchdog AODV scheme to & based on trust network state information. \\  & simulate a blackhole attack in MANETs and its & The IDS was not tested for sinkhole attacks \\  & effects & but blackhole attacks. \\ \hline \multirow{6}{*}{[PERSON], [PERSON], and [PERSON] [7]} & Proposed an infiltrator detection system for node & Only tested for 3 mobile node-scenario and \\  & isolation attacks (DoS) against OLSR. The & two QoS measures. Three node-scenario is \\  & proposed solution is based on identifying the & quite inadequate when a complex network is \\  & false information with HELLO message using & involved with several nodes. In our research, \\  & the infiltrator identification system. & we experimented with 16, 49, and 100 nodes. \\ \hline \multirow{6}{*}{[PERSON] et al. [8]} & Proposed a multi-attribute trust framework for & \multirow{2}{*}{\begin{tabular}{c} The aspect of QoS was not a factor in their \\ evaluation process and it is central to our \\ research work. \\ \end{tabular} } \\  & MANETs (MATF). The framework was designed & & The aspect of QoS was not a factor in their \\  & to minimize bootstrapping time and also to & evaluation process and it is central to our \\  & tackle selective behavior. & research work. \\ \hline \multirow{6}{*}{[PERSON] et al. [9]} & Their work analyzed, simulated, and performed & \multirow{2}{*}{\
\begin{tabular}{c} This work was however not evaluated for \\ sinkhole attacks. \\ \end{tabular} } \\  & a comparative study of three different attacks, & \\ \cline{1-1}  & namely, DoS, black hole, and wormhole based on & \\ \cline{1-1}  & many parameters. The comparison was for their & \\ \cline{1-1}  & packet delivery ratio (PDR), end-to-end delay, & \\ \hline \multirow{6}{*}{[PERSON] et al. [10]} & They developed a secured routing and intrusion & \multirow{2}{*}{
\begin{tabular}{c} Although it is for a complex network, there is \\ absence of node coordination. \\ \end{tabular} } \\  & detection model using OLSR and AOMDV & & \\ \cline{1-1}  & protocols. Their scheme works periodically and & & \\ \cline{1-1}  & & \\ \cline{1-1}  & & \\ \cline{1-1}  & & \\ \cline{1-1}  & [PERSON] et al. [11] & The authors developed an AI framework for & \\ \cline{1-1}  & IoT-based sensor networks that is capable of & & This nature of the network creates data and \\ \cline{1-1}  & detecting DOS, misrouting, and identifying theft & network vulnerability and it is not specific to \\ \cline{1-1}  & using special space raising devices. & sinkhole attack. \\ \hline \multirow{6}{*}{[PERSON] et al. [12]} & They developed a linear and static trust-based & Their scheme is incapable of detecting attacks \\ \cline{1-1}  & routing scheme that can detect varieties of attack & on multi-hop networks and changes in \\ \cline{1-1}  & using sensor nodes. & temperatures of sensors nodes. \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 1: Related works-contributions and limitations. publications that address the aim of this research done by various researchers globally related to the field of study and various literature was consulted.