# Integration of EMU Overall Design Model Based on Ontology-Knowledge Collaboration
###### Abstract
The activity of white-box reverse design is carried out based on the forward design idea, which designs a target system that is accurate, traceable, easy to modify, and reusable. However, the use of the MBSE modeling concept in modeling the EMU involves many different domains, including mechanical and electrical engineering, among others. Different domains have different expressions for the same or similar content, resulting in a lack of a unified system model for data consistency, which reduces the performance of manufacturing systems throughout their lifecycle [21]. To address this issue, semantic integration technology, as an integration method considering context and numerical semantic relationships, has shown good results in solving the problem of semantic heterogeneity in system engineering. Ontology and KGs are important methods for achieving semantic integration [22]. Ontology is a formal specification for shared conceptual models that focuses on the abstract essence of objective facts, providing a description of object types, concepts, attributes, and relationships shared in a specific domain. It is widely used in software engineering, library science [23], and information architecture [24], and commonly used ontology languages include Extensible Markup Language (XML), Resource Description Framework (RDF) and Web Ontology Language (OWL), DARPA Agent Markup Language (DAML), and Loom [25]. [PERSON], [PERSON] et al. established an ontology-driven framework for complex product system design information reuse, improving the interoperability between system design information and design information from different engineering disciplines [26]; [PERSON] et al. simulated aircraft production based on the Ontology-based Engineering (OBE) framework. In the development process of the aerospace machining industry, following the manufacturing model methodology principles established by [PERSON] et al. [27], this paper describes the stages from the analysis and development of a structural model of a knowledge base to the implementation of a knowledge engineering tool, using the aerospace machining industry as an example [28]. [PERSON], [PERSON] et al. demonstrated knowledge based decision support in the aerospace machining industry, proposing an ontology-based system for functional integration and process automation design, speeding up the design process and enhancing design quality [29]. In the development of aircraft industry systems, the challenge of using related modeling languages and distributed proprietary formats for integrated requirement verification is faced, based on the cognitive digital twin method with ontology as the center, aiming to stimulate the potential of MBSE ontology integration in different models and achieving optimized digital consistency, interoperability, and reusability [30]. It can be seen that the ontology has normativity, sharing, expressive flexibility, and semantic interoperability. Therefore, in regard to the overall design process of an EMU, this paper introduces the concept of ontology to solve the problem of semantic integration and inconsistent data sources and uses the ontology framework to standardize the expression of facts, condense concepts, and establish logical relationships. A KG can be regarded as a specific instance application under the ontology framework. A KG, as a graphical model for organizing and representing knowledge, quantitatively represents concepts, entities, relationships, and attributes, and its information representation structure and logical relationships are closer to the pattern of the human cognitive world [31], providing better management and understanding of massive knowledge [32]. Scholars have applied KGs to complex system design, including telemetry [33], power grids [34], medicine [35], and enterprise management [36], with outstanding results being seen in system design and intelligent question-answering services.