# Channel Model for Estimating Received Power Variations at a Mobile Terminal in a Cellular Network
## 4 Results
### Statistical Analysis of Radio-Frequency Parameter Measurements in the Coverage Area  
Tables 3-5 present the statistical analyses of the radio-frequency (RF) parameter measurements across the entire coverage area, as well as in the intra-handover and inter-handover zones, for both the urban and suburban scenarios considered. In the urban area, the average values of RSSI and RSRQ fell within the good signal quality range, while the RSSNR reflected fair connection quality, according to the \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{l c c c c c c c c} \hline \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**Parameters**} & \multicolumn{6}{c}{**Urban**} & \multicolumn{6}{c}{**Suburban**} \\ \cline{2-9}  & **Mean** & **Min** & **Max** & **SD** & **Mean** & **Min** & **Max** & **SD** \\ \hline RSSI & \(-85.78\) & \(-119\) & \(-52\) & \(12.10\) & \(-90.60\) & \(-125\) & \(-70\) & \(11.90\) \\ RSRQ & \(-17.82\) & \(-20\) & \(-10\) & \(2.51\) & \(-14.60\) & \(-20\) & \(-7\) & \(2.50\) \\ RSSNR & \(-0.29\) & \(-12\) & \(7\) & \(6.36\) & \(2.27\) & \(-9\) & \(20\) & \(5.70\) \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 4: Statistics for RF parameters in urban and suburban environments within an intra-handover area. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{l c c c c} \hline \hline
**Signal Quality** & **RSRP (dBm)** & **RSSI (dBm)** & **RSRQ (dB)** & **RSSNR (dB)** \\ \hline Excellent & \(\geq\)\(-80\) & \(\geq\)\(-70\) & \(\geq\)\(-10\) & \(\geq\)10 \\ Good & \(-90\) to \(-80\) & \(-80\) to \(-70\) & \(-10\) to \(-15\) & \(5\) to \(10\) \\ Fair & \(-100\) to \(-90\) & \(-95\) to \(-80\) & \(-15\) to \(-20\) & \(0\) to \(5\) \\ Poor & \(\leq\)\(-100\) & \(\leq\)\(-95\) & \(\leq\)\(-20\) & \(\leq\)\(0\) \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 2: Thresholds considered in this study for the radio-frequency parameters. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{l c c c c c c c c} \hline \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**Parameters**} & \multicolumn{6}{c}{**Urban**} & \multicolumn{6}{c}{**Suburban**} \\ \cline{2-9}  & **Mean** & **Min** & **Max** & **SD** & **Mean** & **Min** & **Max** & **SD** \\ \hline RSSI & \(-85.78\) & \(-119\) & \(-52\) & \(12.10\) & \(-90.60\) & \(-125\) & \(-70\) & \(11.90\) \\ RSRQ & \(-17.82\) & \(-20\) & \(-10\) & \(2.51\) & \(-14.60\) & \(-20\) & \(-7\) & \(2.50\) \\ RSSNR & \(-0.29\) & \(-12\) & \(7\) & \(6.36\) & \(2.27\) & \(-9\) & \(20\) & \(5.70\) \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 5: Statistics for RF parameters in urban and suburban environments within an inter-handover area. thresholds defined in Table 2. Conversely, in the suburban area, RSSI exhibited a poor average level, RSRQ remained within the good threshold, and RSSNR fell into the fair category--slightly better than in the urban setting, potentially due to lower interference and fewer physical obstructions. In the intra-handover zones, the urban sector showed degradation in both signal strength and quality: RSSI and RSRQ dropped to fair levels, while RSSNR fell into the poor category, indicating increased instability during the handover process. In contrast, the suburban intra-handover zone exhibited more stable conditions, with RSSI and RSSNR averaging fair levels and RSRQ maintaining good quality. This suggests that although the suburban signal is generally weaker, it behaves more consistently during short-range mobility events. For inter-handover zones--where transitions occur between more distant cells--the degradation was more pronounced. In the urban area, the average RSSI and RSRQ values were in the fair range, while RSSNR remained poor. In the suburban area, both RSSI and RSSNR fell into the poor category, and RSRQ dropped to the lower bound of the fair range. Notably, the standard deviation of RSSNR in the suburban area was slightly lower than in the urban area, suggesting less fluctuation, although the average quality remained poor. Overall, the RSSI was stronger in the urban area, as expected due to the higher base station density and shorter average distances to transmitters.