# Siberia: A Self-Sovereign Identity and Multi-Factor Authentication Framework for Industrial Access
## 1 Introduction
### Self-Sovereign Identities
#### 1.1.2 IAM Frameworks and Industrial Standards in OT Environments  
While the adoption of SSI technologies continues to evolve, industrial environments, especially those governed by OT, are subject to well-established standards and frameworks for identity and access management (IAM). These frameworks are essential for ensuring secure authentication, authorization, and accountability within critical infrastructure systems.  
A primary reference in the industrial cybersecurity domain is the IEC 62443 series [22], which outlines comprehensive security requirements for control system components. It emphasizes role-based access control, secure credential management, and multi-factor authentication tailored to OT architectures. Similarly, the NIST SP 800-82 Revision 3 [23] offers detailed guidance on applying the NIST Cybersecurity Framework to ICS networks, reinforcing the relevance of layered IAM mechanisms in sensitive industrial contexts.  
In the corporate IAM landscape, platforms such as Azure Active Directory increasingly integrate with OT networks via gateway interfaces or edge connectors [24]. While these solutions enable centralized policy enforcement, they often require tight infrastructure alignment and may conflict with the decentralization principles championed by SSI [25].  
Additionally, OAuth 2.0 and OpenID Connect (OIDC) [26] are widely adopted in industrial IoT (IIoT) platforms and cloud-native environments. These protocols provide standardized mechanisms for token-based delegation and federated identity. However, they are inherently centralized and lack native support for VCs or DIDs. Limitation underscores  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{l l l l l l} \hline \hline  & \begin{tabular}{l} **Blockchain** \\ **Based** \\ \end{tabular} & **Wallet** & \
\begin{tabular}{l} **Web3 Standard** \\ **dard** \\ \end{tabular} &
\begin{tabular}{l} **Open-** \\ **Source** \\ \end{tabular} & **DID Based** \\ \hline Selfkey & ✓ & ✓ & ✓ & ✗ & ✗ \\ Sovrin & ✓ & ✗ & ✗ & ✓ & ✗ \\ LifeID & ✓ & ✓ & ✓ & ✓ & ✓ \\ Evernym & ✓ & ✓ & ✗ & ✓ & ✓ \\ Hyperledge & & ✓ & ✓ & ✓ & ✓ \\ Indy & & & & & \\ EverID & ✓ & ✗ & ✓ & ✗ & ✓ \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}
Table 1: Comparison between SSI-based commercial products.  
the distinct positioning of SIBERIA, which combines privacy-preserving identity models with industrial-grade authentication flows.  
Recent studies [27; 28] have explored blockchain-enabled IAM in OT environments, addressing challenges related to access decentralization, resilience, and traceability. While conceptually aligned with SIBERIA, these works do not incorporate advanced biometric authentication or continuous behavioral monitoring. These limitations open the door to novel models that can provide stronger guarantees of autonomy, adaptability, and privacy in OT environments. SIBERIA proposes a hybrid approach that combines compliance with industrial standards and regulatory frameworks (e.g., GDPR and EBSI) with innovative features such as local biometric processing, CA, and decentralized credential management. This strategy bridges existing gaps and aligns with the evolving security demands of OT ecosystems.