## 1 Introduction  
Increased extreme weather events caused by climate change raise significant concerns about reliability in power system operation. Since 2002, about 58% of power outages have been attributed to extreme weather events, and they can result in an average annual economic loss of 18-33 billion dollars [1] in the United States. Hurricane Sandy in 2012 caused more than 7.5 million customers to lose electricity. The relevant economic loss of hurricane Sandy was approximately 65 billion USD [2]. In February 2021, a massive power-generation failure occurred in Texas because of severe winter storms across the state. This storm caused 70% of the Texas population to suffer from power outages for 42 h on average. The economic loss from the blackout and freeze was estimated to be between 80 and 130 billion USD, including both direct and indirect costs [3]. The \"resilience\" of the power system has drawn considerable attention from the power industry to cope with such catastrophic events. In the context of power systems, resilience is the ability of the system to withstand and recover from high-impact, low-probability events by employing preventive and corrective actions [4, 5]. Holistic operational strategies for multiple phases are required to realize resilient power systems [6]. To this end, a microgrid (MG) is a technically viable option that can improve power-system resilience because of its unique functions. The MG can operate as a self-sufficient energy system because it has its own energy resources. The MGs equipped with a central energy management system can be operated for specific functions and increased energy efficiency through a coordinated operation of energy resources [7, 8]. On the one hand, a grid-connected MG can serve as a power source to the main grid that contributes to improving the entire power system resiliency. On the other hand, the MG can improve its own resiliency when an external outage occurs isolated from the main grid, and it can protect its critical loads [9; 10]. Holistic system management strategies that span multiple phases, from infrastructure hardening to system restoration from an event, are required to build a resilient MG. In the pre-event phase, the MG identifies feasible events and hardens the current system or installs new devices to prepare for these events. The MG employs proactive scheduling decisions for its resources as the identified event approaches to ensure their availability to supply critical loads during the event. During the on-event phase, the MG takes corrective actions to minimize the effect of the event. The original system configuration can be modified to restrict such an effect by re-dispatching the resources or conducting network reconfiguration. The MG returns to the normal state and resynchronizes with the main grid after the event ends [11; 12]. Among these aforementioned strategies, the proactive scheduling of the MG resources is the most cost-effective approach because it does not require any associated capacity investment, which can be expensive. Therefore, many researchers are interested in developing optimal operation schemes for enhancing the resilience of MGs. Energy management methods that can reduce the MG load interruption from the specified types of disasters have been reported in the existing literature [13; 14]. The probability that the MG load is not supplied because of the failure in power devices and facilities caused by extreme floods was evaluated [13]. Further, the active energy management of MG was proposed for minimizing the load loss in the worst case. In [14], the authors suggested a method to schedule energy resources for a continuous power supply to a load that can be interfered with by windstorms. To this end, [PERSON] et al. [14] analyzed the effect of high wind speed on power distribution facilities and wind power generators. Many studies have proposed optimization models to enhance MG resilience for coping with unspecified incidents [15; 16; 17; 18; 19; 20; 21; 22].