## 4 Discussion
These were reported for _Tr37a_ of _Triticum booticum_ subsp. _thuodar_ and _Tr156_ of _Triticum urartu_, respectively, and for _Tr37a_ of _Triticum booticum_ subsp. _thuodar_ and _Tr156_ of _Triticum urartu_. In this study, the authors highlighted an elevated level of genetic diversity within different species of wheat by using ISSR markers [51]. The same thing was reported by [PERSON] et al., who found different values for genetic distance, which ranged from 0.3115 to 0.3442 [52]. Lower levels of polymorphic bands were reported in another study, where some samples of _Triticum aestivum_ were analyzed from a genetic diversity perspective. Using 16 ISSR primers, the percentage of polymorphic bands was 57.5%. In the same research, RAPD markers generated a higher value of polymorphic bands, 86.86% [53]. Molecular analysis can be efficiently used to identify plants with high adaptability to abiotic stress, such as drought [54; 55] or salt tolerance [56]. Drought is a polygenic characteristic, and ISSR primers bind randomly in the genome, which might help to describe the trait-related regions. [PERSON] et al. [54] revealed that 3 of the 90 ISSR primers analyzed showed polymorphism related to tolerant and susceptible cultivars. The PIC is an important tool for evaluating the quality of the marker and its ability to detect genetic diversity within and between species. ISSRs are dominant markers [39], and due to their biallelic nature, they tend to have a lower PIC. According to [PERSON] et al. [57]. PIC values can be characterized as follows: very informative (>0.5), medium informative (0.5 > PIC > 0.25) and less informative (<0.25). For wheat samples, the average PIC values for all primers range between 0.32 and 0.42, which corresponds to the medium informative category of PIC. This shows that the most informative primers were UBC857 (average PIC = 0.42) and UBC810 (average PIC = 0.39). As there is a lot of known information nowadays regarding the nature and genetic diversity of different wheat accessions, there is an important fundament in terms of knowledge for creating superior wheat varieties with increased resistance to various biotic and abiotic stress factors [58]. An increased value of PIC (Polymorphism information content) for ISSR markers suggests a high genetic diversity, but a lower value can be the result of closely related genotypes. [PERSON] et al. showed that ISSR markers can reveal a significant value for PIC within the _Triticum aestivum_ genotypes [59]. Despite the fact that ISSR primers are dominant and have a biallelic character, they are able to discriminate the variability between the wheat germplasm analyzed in this study. ISSR primers are often preferred in molecular biology studies due to their high reproducibility and the fact that there is no need for prior knowledge of the genome. Additionally, they have high transferability and accessibility, and they are low cost [60]. From the physicochemical point of view, the position of wheat samples on the PCA graph indicates differences between wheat species. These differences may be due to wheat physicochemical characteristics. The ancient species are more closely related to the protein, wet gluten, lipid and ash content, whereas the modern ones are related to the falling number, damaged starch and starch physicochemical characteristics. These data are similar to those reported by others [25; 45; 61]. They reported that ancient wheat varieties have a higher amount of protein, wet gluten, ash and lipid compared to the modern ones. However, some varieties (TA1, TA6, TA25) of _Tritcium aestivum_ presented similar characteristics, with ancient species being closely associated with those on the PCA graph, probably due to the fact that some of them were selected for their high protein and gluten content [61].