# Ionic Liquids Hybridization for Carbon Dioxide Capture: A Review
## 4 Application of ILs Hybrid Material in Carbon Dioxide
### ILs/Anines  
The utilization of amine for CO2 capture via chemical absorption process dates to 1930. Over the years, various amines have been extensively used in industrial application due to high absorption capacity caused by strong chemical reactivity with CO2. Examples of common amines used are DEA and MEA. These two primary amines exhibit strong \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Methods** & **Advantages** & & **Disadvantages** & **Examples of IL-Hybrid Materials** & **Ref.** \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{Blending} & \multirow{4}{*}{\(\bullet\)} & \multirow{4}{*}{Straightforward and simple method} & \(\bullet\) & Restricted to material that existed in the same phase (liquid) & \multirow{4}{*}{EDA/[DEAPOAc], \multirow{4}{*}{CoCoCl: 1, 4-butanediol (1: 5)/[BMIMOTF]}} \\  & & & & Mixing material with different chemical properties could lead to & \multirow{4}{*}{[73; 74]} \\  & & & & non-homogenized mixture or & \\  & & & & precipitate formation & \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{Immobilization} & \multirow{4}{*}{\(\bullet\)} & \multirow{4}{*}{Short processing time thus allowing rapid production of material} & \(\bullet\) & Additional purification step & \multirow{4}{*}{\(\text{{SiO}}_{\text{2}}\)/[ASBI][TFO]} \\  & & & which can increase the & & \\  & & & production cost & & \\  & & & & & \\  & & of material & & & \\  & & Minimal amount of & & & \\  & & equipment utilization & & & \\  & & & & & \\  & & & & & \\  & & & & & \\  & & & & & \\  & & & & & \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{Wet impregnationation} & \multirow{4}{*}{\(\bullet\)} & \multirow{4}{*}{Veratility in materials combination} & \(\bullet\) & Loss of material during & \multirow{4}{*}{[77; 78]} \\  & & & Practical for industrial application & & \\  & & due to straightforward & & & \\  & & preparation process & & & \\  & & & & & \\  & & Low cost & & & \\  & & Limited amount of waste & & & \\  & & & & & \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{Polymerization} & \multirow{4}{*}{\(\bullet\)} & \multirow{4}{*}{Improved the stability and durability of material} & \(\bullet\) & Present challenges in identifying & \multirow{4}{*}{polyILs@MIL-101} & \multirow{4}{*}{[71]} \\  & & & suitable ILs to act as monomers & & \\  & & & or for combination with existing & & \\  & & & monomers to form & & \\  & & & polymer materials & & \\  & & & & \\  & & & & Complicated synthesis route & \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{Ionothermal synthesis} & \multirow{4}{*}{\(\bullet\)} & \multirow{4}{*}{Access to new material with distinct properties than pristine material} & \(\bullet\) & Limited selection in & \multirow{4}{*}{\(\text{{Cu}}_{\text{3}}\)(tpt)\({}_{\text{4}}\)(BF\({}_{\text{4}}\))\({}_{\text{3}}\)(tpt)\({}_{\text{2/3}}\)SH\({}_{\text{2}}\)O} \\  & & & material & different IL could resulted in different material topology & & [tpt = 2,4,6-tris(4+pyridyl)- & [79; 80]] \\ \cline{1-1}  & & & & Slow reaction rates due to high viscosity of ILs & [Co2\({}_{\text{2}}\)Na(tpt)\({}_{\text{2}}\)][EMfm]\({}_{\text{3}}\) \\ \cline{1-1}  & & & & & \\ \cline{1-1}  & & & & & \\ \cline{1-1}  & & & & & \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 2: Advantages and disadvantages of IL hybridization method. interaction with CO\({}_{2}\). However, due to strong chemical interaction of amines with CO\({}_{2}\), the desorption process requires significant energy input which can impact the operational cost of the whole system. Therefore, current research for amine usage in CO\({}_{2}\) focuses on developing hybrid absorbent with minimum energy consumption during regeneration process. Apart from that, the incorporation of amines is anticipated to overcome the viscosity issue that is primarily associated with ILs. Moreover, blending amines with ILs can enhance the selectivity of the solvent towards CO\({}_{2}\), which may improve the efficiency of the capture process and reduce the energy required for subsequent separation and regeneration steps. In another study, two imidazolium-based ILs, namely, [BMIM][BF\({}_{4}\)] and [BEIM][BF\({}_{4}\)], were blended with aqueous MEA and MDEA [52].