# Role of Nutribiotics in Skin Care
## 5 Nutribiotics: An Opportunity to Improve Skin Health
### Acne  
As mentioned above, the gut and skin microbiomes influence each other and contribute to skin health through immune modulation. The preservation of skin homeostasis and the reinforcement of the skin's barrier function is one of the major objectives in skin care, and the axis gut-skin may take part in it [186]. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c} \hline \hline
**Skin Disease or Condition** & **Pre/Pro/Synbiotics** & **Key Results \({}^{*}\)** & **Reference** \\ \hline \multirow{6}{*}{Other skin care: skin barrier and hydration} & _B. breve_ strain Yakult + galactooligosaccharides (in fermented milk) & Optimum level of skin hydration, and decreased cathepsin L-like endopeptidase activity and phenol content in serum and urine & [PERSON] et al., 2013 [171] \\  & \multirow{2}{*}{_L. casei_} & Reduction in transepidermal water loss (TEWL) and skin flakiness & [PERSON] et al., 2017 [172] \\ \cline{3-5}  & & _B.bridoacterium longum_, _Bridoacterium births_, and _Bridoacterium bifidlum_, _Bridoacterium bifidlum_, _+fructo-oligosaccharide, skim milk powder, lactose, maltodextrin, and citric acid & Reduction in melasma score & [PERSON] et al., 2020 [173] \\ \hline \multirow{6}{*}{Systemic lupus erythematosus} & _L. helvetics, B. infants, B. bifidlum +_fructo-oligosaccharides & Decrease in systemic inflammation & [PERSON] et al., 2022 [174] \\ \cline{3-5}  & _L. rhamns_ GG & [PERSON] et al., 2007 [175] \\ \cline{3-5}  & & _K.fritz containing Lactobacillus spp., and Bifidobacterium spp._ & [PERSON] et al., 2008 [176] \\ \cline{3-5}  & _L. breve_ CD2 & [PERSON] et al., 2012 [177] \\ \cline{3-5}  & _B. longum, L. lactis, and_ _Enterococcus ficeum_ & Protective effect against oral mucositis in patients with cancer & [PERSON] et al., 2019 [178] \\ \cline{3-5}  & _L. breveis_ CD2 & [PERSON] et al., 2019 [179] \\ \cline{3-5}  & _L. plantarum_ MH-301, _B. animalis_ & [PERSON] et al., 2019 [179] \\ \cline{3-5}  & _L. hammous_ LCG-18, and _L. acidophilits_ & [PERSON] et al., 2021 [180] \\ \cline{3-5}  & _Bacillus clausi_ & [PERSON] et al., 2022 [181] \\ \hline \multirow{6}{*}{Atopic dermatitis} & Heat-killed _Lactobacillus plantarum_ & Heat-killed _Lactobacillus_ & [PERSON] et al., 2022 [181] \\  & + mixture of Lactobacillus _rhammous_ GG, _Lactobacillus_ & \\ _acidophysics_ GKA7, _Lactococcus lactis_ & Improvement in AD severity & [PERSON] et al., 2022 [182] \\ \cline{3-5}  & GKL2, _Lactobacillus_ & Improvement in the diversity of gut microbiome & [PERSON] et al., 2022 [182] \\ \cline{3-5}  & _Bridobacterium lids_ GKA7, _Bridobacterium lids_ & [PERSON] et al., 2022 [182] \\ \cline{3-5}  & _Bridobacterium lids_ GKA2, _Bridobacterium lids_ & \\ \cline{3-5}  & _Lacticlassicals_ & \\ \cline{3-5}  & (D847939), and & & \\ \cline{3-5}  & _Lacticlassicals_ & \\ \cline{3-5}  & (D847939), and & & \\ \cline{3-5}  & _Lacticlassicals_ & \\ \cline{3-5}  & (D847939), and & & \\ \cline{3-5}  & _Lacticlassicals_ & \\ \cline{3-5}  & (Atopicma®, Milan, Italy) & & \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{Aging and Photoaging} & Heat-killed _Lactococcus lactis_ & Antioxidant activity & [PERSON] 2018 [184] \\  & H61 cells & Decrease in melanin content and & \\ \cline{3-5}  & Other skin care: skin barrier and hydration & Heat-killed _L. lactis_ & check elasticity & [PERSON] et al., 2012 [185] \\ \cline{3-5}  & & Increase in sebum content & \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular} \({}^{*}\) Clinical studies. \({}^{**}\) In prevention of polymorphic light eruption.  
\end{table} 
Table 2: _Cont._Probiotics aim to modify the skin's environment to prevent over-colonization of C. _acnes_ and other bacteria linked to acne. It has been shown that probiotics directly inhibit C. _acnes_ via the synthesis of antibacterial proteins and organic acids by certain bacterial strains. Additionally, a large-scale review on acne vulgaris concluded that oral probiotic administration was associated with a decrease in acne breakouts [187]. One of the first studies was performed by [PERSON] in 1961, who reported on the potential benefits of probiotic _Lactobacillus_.