## 5 Analysis of Numerical-Simulation Results
### Comparison of seepage-Simulation Test Results for Filters with Different Particle Shapes  
Figure 13 shows the muddy-water seepage of 0.5-1 mm tailings-sand particles through the spherical-particle filter layer and the ellipsoidal-particle filter layer, respectively. In the Figures 13-15, green particles represent filter layer particles and red particles represent tailing sand particles. Comparing the seepage and clogging of tailings-sand muddy-water particles under both working conditions, it can be seen that 2-5 mm filter layers with \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c} \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**Number**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Equivalent Elliptic Diameter (mm)**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Ratio of the Long**} & \multirow{2}{*}{
\begin{tabular}{c} **Particle-Shape** \\ **Parameters S** \\ \end{tabular} } \\ \cline{2-2} \cline{4-4}  & **Long Axis** & **Short Axis** & & **Axis A\%** & **Parameters S** \\ \hline
1 & 6.883 & 2.949 & 2.334 & 0.682 \\
4 & 4.756 & 2.480 & 1.918 & 0.764 \\
8 & 3.899 & 2.421 & 1.610 & 0.835 \\
13 & 5.076 & 2.592 & 1.958 & 0.755 \\ average & 4.690 & 2.461 & 1.906 & 0.769 \\ \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 4: Particle-shape parameters after ellipsoidization of each particle. Figure 12: Particle-shape parameters corresponding to different \(\lambda\) values. different particle shapes effectively filtered out 0.5-1 mm tailings-sand particles. Most of the tailings-sand muddy-water particles accumulated on the upper surface of the filter layer or were located at a depth of 15-20 cm within the filter layer, and no particles penetrated the filter layer. However, the muddy-water particles of tailings sand in the spherical-particle filter layer were located significantly deeper than those in the ellipsoidal-particle filter layer. Figure 14 shows the muddy-water seepage of 0.25-0.5 mm tailings-sand particles through the spherical-particle filter layer and the ellipsoidal-particle filter layer, respectively. Unlike 0.5-1 mm tailings-sand particles, 0.25-0.5 mm particles almost all entered the filter layer during seepage, with most particles remaining at a depth of 10-20 cm within the filter layer and a small number of particles penetrating the filter layer (the particles located below the filter layer indicate those that have seeped through the filter layer). The intrusion depth of tailings-sand muddy-water particles was significantly greater in the spherical-particle filter layer than in the ellipsoidal-particle filter layer, and the number of seepage particles that penetrated the filter layer was also considerably higher than that in the ellipsoidal-particle filter layer. Figure 15 shows the muddy-water seepage and clogging of 0.075-0.25 mm tailings-sand particles through the spherical-particle filter layer and the ellipsoidal-particle filter layer, respectively. The intrusion depth of 0.075-0.25 mm tailings particles through both the spherical and ellipsoidal-particle filter layers is nearly identical, indicating that for these  
Figure 14: Infiltration of 0.25–0.5 mm turbid-water particles. Figure 13: Infiltration of 0.5–1 mm turbid-water particles. tailings particles, the pores of the 2-5 mm filter layer were too large to provide effective protection. Furthermore, the different shapes of filter-layer particles have no significant impact on their behavior. The filter layer was divided into four layers, and the number of muddy-water particles within each of the four filter layers, as well as those above and those that penetrated the filter layer during the seepage process, was recorded to further analyze the filtering characteristics of layers with different particle shapes. Figures 16-18 present the statistical results for tailings-sand particles of various sizes (specific proportions are omitted in the figure when they are less than 1%). It can be observed that as the particle size of tailings sand decreased, the proportion of particles infiltrating the filter layer and the depth of infiltration both increased.