# Optimizing Non-Glare Zone Width of Adaptive Driving Beam (ADB) Using Fuzzy Logic Control
## 2 Modeling: Night Drive Simulator
### Night Driving Model Development  
The built-in AFS simulation module recognizes the stimulus vehicle as a three-dimensional boundary box. In this case, glare will never be created, which is ideal but not realistic. Since, in reality, only the taillight of the stimulus vehicle is recognized by the system, the boundary should be two-dimensional and surround the rear face of the vehicle, so a modification of the script is needed. Figure 3 provides a graphical comparison between the original and the modified ADB simulation, in which the ADB beam pattern, stimulus vehicle, and road geometry along all driving parameters are identical. The non-glare zone width in both simulations is set at 100% of the boundary box. Images (a) and (c) are the original three-dimensional boundary box, and images (b) and (d) show the resultant boundary box after modification, which is a two-dimensional plane parallel to the rear of the vehicle that can better simulate real driving scenarios. From the comparison of the driver views, it can be observed that, with the modification, the side rearview mirror (circled in green) that was originally included in the non-glare zone (Figure 3a) is now exposed in the glare zone (Figure 3b), highlighted with the red circle. It can also be observed from the top view, although the non-glare zone setting is the same as 100%; with the modification of the boundary box, the resultant non-glare zone is significantly narrower. As a result, the frontal part of the stimulus vehicle is exposed (Figure 3d), compared with Figure 3c, in which the entire vehicle is in the non-glare zone. This indicates the glare issue is successfully reproduced in the simulation with the modification. Figures 4 and 5 demonstrate how altering the non-glare zone width would affect glare and road illumination by comparing an ADB with a 100% non-glare zone to one with 150% in the same driving scenario. The width of the non-glare zone is measured as the  
Figure 3: A graphical comparison in the simulator between the original and the modified ADB simulation, in which the non-glare zone is set at 100% and all parameters are identical. The red lines around the stimulus vehicle represent the boundary box: (**a,c**) The original ADB simulation in which the three-dimensional boundary box is recognized, and, thus, the entire vehicle geometry is covered by the non-glare zone. The modification in (**b,d**) simulates a more realistic ADB, in which only the taillight is recognized; thus, in top view (**d**), it is just a line at the rear of the stimulus vehicle. The non-glare zone is highlighted with yellow dashed lines showing that, with the modification, the side rearview mirror will be excluded from the boundary box during the cornering maneuver. The comparison shows that the simulator’s modified AFS plug-in can reproduce the glare issue. percentage with respect to the width of the boundary box. A 100% non-glare zone width means it is the same width as the boundary box, which is the narrowest; a 150% non-glare zone width means it widens (equally on both the left and right) to 150% of the boundary box width. In Figure 4a, the rearview mirror, highlighted in the red circle, is not covered by the non-glare zone, and, thus, glare is created. By increasing the non-glare zone width to 150% of the boundary box, shown in Figure 4b, glare is eliminated in the rearview mirror, highlighted in a green circle, indicating a good experience. Meanwhile, in terms of road illumination, with a 100% non-glare zone width, the two circled street signs in Figure 5a are illuminated, while Figure 5b shows that they are not in a widened non-glare zone, indicating worse road illumination. This shows that, although widening the non-glare zone could solve the side rearview mirror's indirect glare issues, the narrower non-glare zone provides better visibility to the driver, who can observe the surrounding environment and road conditions more effectively.