# ChatGPT in Computer Science Education: A Case Study on a Database Administration Course
## 3 Results
### Relation Between the Student's Grades and the Usage, Reliability, and Utility of Resources  
The correlations using the Spearman technique are calculated in order to know how the student's grades are related to the usage and perceived reliability and utility of the available resources during the completion of the exam. Table 9 shows the results of these correlations, which are represented using the Spearman value (Rho, \(\rho\)) and the \(p\)-value. Statistically significant correlations appear in the following table with a \"*\" symbol. Please note that if a student does not use a learning resource, the rating of its use would be the lowest (1 on the employed Likert scale), while the usefulness or reliability would be rated NS/NC. In the calculation of the correlations, these data with NS/NC ratings are not considered.  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{l l l l l l} \hline \hline  & **Item** & **Group 1** & **Group 2** & **Group 3** & _p-Value_ \\  & & **M (SD)** & **M (SD)** & **M (SD)** & _(_q\({}^{2}\)_) \\ \hline
1 & Assignment report & 4.22 (1.11) & 4.29 (0.76) & 4.80 (0.41) & 0.14 \\  & & & & & (0.099) \\
2 & Assignment materials (i.e., & 3.67 (1.14) & 3.67 (1.14) & 2.20 (1.21) & 0.008 \\  & teacher tutorials) * & & & & (0.243) \\
3 & MySQL official documentation * & 2.61 (1.33) & 2.61 (1.33) & 1.53 (0.74) & 0.049 \\  & & & & & (0.171) \\
4 & Traditional internet resources & 2.83 (1.29) & 2.71 (1.11) & 1.80 (1.37) & 0.045 \\  & (Google, Stack Overflow, etc.) * & & & & (0.132) \\
5 & ChatGPT v3.5 * & 2.44 (1.25) & 3.00 (1.29) & 4.00 (1.20) & 0.007 \\  & & & & & (0.261) \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}
Table 6: Usage of resources during the exam (grouped by grades).  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{l l l l l} \hline \hline  & **Item** & **Group 1** & **Group 2** & **Group 3** & _p-Value_ \\  & & **M (SD)** & **M (SD)** & **M (SD)** & _(_q\({}^{2}\)_) \\ \hline
1 & Assignment report & 4.56 (0.70) & 4.57 (0.53) & 4.73 (0.46) & 0.74 \\  & & & & (0.021) \\
2 & Assignment materials (i.e., & 4.35 (0.79) & 4.40 (0.89) & 3.70 (1.34) & 0.37 \\  & teacher tutorials) & & & (0.094) \\
3 & MySQL official documentation & 4.14 (1.10) & 3.50 (1.52) & 4.17 (1.17) & 0.55 \\  & & & & (0.054) \\
4 & Traditional internet resources & 3.50 (0.76) & 3.00 (1.41) & 3.43 (1.72) & 0.70 \\  & (Google, Stack Overflow, etc.) & & & (0.032) \\
5 & ChatGPT v3.5 * & 2.75 (0.75) & 3.67 (1.21) & 3.80 (1.15) & 0.02 \\  & & & & (0.198) \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}
Table 7: Perceived reliability of resources during the exam (grouped by grades).  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{l l l l l} \hline \hline  & **Item** & **Group 1** & **Group 2** & **Group 3** & _p-Value_ \\  & & **M (SD)** & **M (SD)** & **M (SD)** & _(_q\({}^{2}\)_) \\ \hline
1 & Assignment report & 4.28 (1.23) & 4.71 (0.29) & 4.67 (0.62) & 0.76 \\  & & & & (0.048) \\
2 & Assignment materials (i.e., & 3.76 (0.90) & 4.20 (0.84) & 2.36 (1.21) & 0.006 \\  & teacher tutorials) * & & & (0.362) \\
3 & MySQL official documentation & 3.29 (1.14) & 3.17 (1.33) & 2.33 (1.75) & 0.46 \\  & & & & (0.088) \\
4 & Traditional internet resources & 3.29 (0.99) & 2.71 (1.11) & 2.71 (1.60) & 0.36 \\  & (Google, Stack Overflow, etc.) & & & (0.060) \\
5 & ChatGPT v3.5 * & 2.92 (1.31) & 3.17 (1.17) & 4.20 (1.21) & 0.02 \\  & & & & (0.207) \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}
Table 8: Perceived utility of resources during the exam (grouped by grades).