## 3 Results and Discussion
### Carbon Parameters  
At Localities I (P1-P2) through II (P3-P4), soil samples were gathered in the autumn and spring. As previously indicated, the soil samples were tested for pH(H\({}_{2}\)O), pH(KCl), _TOC_, _c(HS)_, _c(HA)_, and _c(FA)_ (Table 2). The monitoring parameters, for example, the soil's pH level, can impact the solubility and mobility of lead and cadmium, potentially affecting their bioaccessibility and potential for leaching into the environment. Additionally, the soil's organic matter content and textural fractions can influence these heavy metals' adsorption and desorption processes, further shaping their distribution and potential impact on the surrounding ecosystem. The Andosol soil (P3: xerothermic meadow) had the most significant proportion of humic compounds (3.6%), whereas the Cambisol soil had the lowest average value. Given the high concentration of fulvic acids in the soils, which are poorer in carbon than humic acids, HSs isolated from the soil samples suggest humus of poor quality (Table 2). The content of the humified and condensed component known as soil humus in our soil averaged around 1.5-3.5% and is responsible for soil fertility and production performance [43]. The process of humus formation is very demanding and lengthy, depending on the type of vegetation, climatic conditions, air and water content in the soil, parent rock or soil-forming substrate, and human activity. Despite the continuous processes of formation and deposition, there are also continuous losses. Therefore, the humus content often remains constant or even decreases rapidly. Humic substances, the main organic component of soil, contain humic acids, fulvic acids, and humins [44, 45]. Their lignin content is very high, derived from organic materials and plant waste, and is often associated with quite high degrees of humification [46]. Although they make up a small percentage of soil isolation, they play a variety of crucial functions in the availability of nutrients, the carbon-nitrogen cycle, and the metabolic processes that mobilise harmful organic and inorganic compounds [47]. Humic acids are complex acids with ion groups organised so that chelate complexes can form. Humic acids can control the bioaccessibility of metal ions in a plant's development environment thanks to chelate complexes. When the pH of the water is more than two, humic acids dissolve in it. Their shades range from dark brown to black. Humic acid binds minerals into easily absorbable organic compounds, makes the soil more permeable and able to retain more water, reduces the presence of toxins in the soil, and greatly reduces the amount of pollutant that can reach the roots of plants. Long molecular chains, a dark brown colour, and solubility in an alkaline solution are characteristics of HA that may help it retain its form, structure, and nutrients in the soil. Humic acids are highly mobile in the soil. Their salts, Cd and Pb, are soluble in water. Fulvic acids are natural chelators. After adding the necessary micronutrients, fulvic acids form chemical bonds that prevent reactions with other ions. Nutrients bound to a chelate are efficiently transferred from the roots to other tissues; chelation increases the bioaccessibility of otherwise insoluble nutrients by making them soluble. Understanding the relationship between studies and the presence of lead/cadmium is critical to assessing the potential environmental risks associated with heavy metal contamination. Examining