# Building Information Modeling Impact on Cost Overrun Risk Factors and Interrelationships
## 4 Results and Discussion
### Interdependence Influence Among Risks Factor Groups
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Model** & **Index** & **Path** & \(\mathbf{p}\)**-Value** & **B Coefficient** \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{Model 1} & H1 & Financial \(\rightarrow\) cost & \multirow{3}{*}{\(<\)0.001} & \multirow{3}{*}{0.459} \\  & H2 & overrun & & \\  & H3 & Time \(\rightarrow\) cost overrun & & \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{Model 2} & H1 & Financial \(\rightarrow\) Experience & \multirow{3}{*}{\(<\)0.001} & \multirow{3}{*}{0.253} \\  & H2 & Experience \(\rightarrow\) cost & & \\  & H2 & overrun & & \\  & H3 & Time \(\rightarrow\) cost overrun & & \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{Model 3} & H1 & Financial \(\rightarrow\) Time & \multirow{3}{*}{\(<\)0.001} & \multirow{3}{*}{0.427} \\  & H2 & Experience \(\rightarrow\) cost & & \\  & H2 & overrun & & \\  & H3 & Time \(\rightarrow\) cost overrun & & \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{Model 4} & H1 & Financial \(\rightarrow\) cost & \multirow{3}{*}{\(<\)0.001} & \multirow{3}{*}{0.607} \\  & H2 & overrun & & \\ \cline{1-1}  & H2 & Experience \(\rightarrow\) Financial & \multirow{3}{*}{\(<\)0.001} & \multirow{3}{*}{0.725} \\  & H3 & Time \(\rightarrow\) cost overrun & & \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{Model 5} & H1 & Financial \(\rightarrow\) cost & \multirow{3}{*}{\(<\)0.001} & \multirow{3}{*}{0.577} \\  & H2 & Overrun & & \\ \cline{1-1}  & H2 & Experience \(\rightarrow\) Time & & \\ \cline{1-1}  & H3 & Time \(\rightarrow\) cost overrun & & \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{Model 6} & H1 & Financial \(\rightarrow\) cost & \multirow{3}{*}{\(<\)0.001} & \multirow{3}{*}{0.574} \\  & H2 & Experience \(\rightarrow\) cost & & \\ \cline{1-1}  & H2 & overrun & & \\ \cline{1-1}  & H3 & Time \(\rightarrow\) Financial & \multirow{3}{*}{\(<\)0.001} & \multirow{3}{*}{0.630} \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{Model 7} & H1 & Financial \(\rightarrow\) cost & \multirow{3}{*}{\(<\)0.001} & \multirow{3}{*}{0.598} \\  & H2 & Overrun & & \\ \cline{1-1}  & H3 & Time \(\rightarrow\) Experience & & \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 7: Hypothesis statements for the seven models. On the other hand, Unqualified or inexperienced labor is often linked to contractors who submit lower bids to secure projects, a practice that can lead to significant inefficiencies and challenges in project delivery. This problem is especially pronounced in expanding countries where the lowest bid criterion is binding in public procurements, and contractors frequently exploit loopholes in bid process management systems [42]. Moreover, Insufficient labor qualifications or experience can lead to errors or misunderstandings during the construction phase, significantly increasing the likelihood of change orders. These change orders, often arising from discrepancies between design plans and actual field conditions, insufficient design details, and impractical execution complexities, can disrupt project timelines and inflate costs, thereby straining contractor's financial resources [43]. By examining these relationships and comparing b coefficient values, we gain insights into the interplay among different groups of risk factors and their relative importance in influencing cost overrun. This understanding can inform project management strategies and decision-making processes, allowing for more effective risk mitigation and resource allocation. The research findings can be extrapolated to apply to other countries that exhibit similar factors as those studied in the research