## 8 Conclusions and Future Perspectives  
The use of graphene derivatives to obtain 3D scaffolds can have a major impact in the future by capitalizing on one of the two most important properties of these species-mechanical properties and electrical conductivity. The mechanical properties of graphene will be able to allow the obtaining of polymer matrices with applications that require improved mechanical properties, such as cranial meshes or cartilages. Such composites could successfully replace other precursors for scaffolds with high hardness, for example, the replacement of hydroxyapatite for bone implants. The presence of graphene in a polymer matrix can successfully substitute ceramic precursors. Moreover, the presence of graphene in the composite matrix can add osteoinductive properties with spectacular consequences in the integration of the implant into the bone. Electrical conductivity is useful to obtain nerve ducts that allow, in addition to the properties of the material, to solve mechanical and support needs, adding properties so far hard to imagine by creating complex conductive networks. This property could allow the attachment of various sensors that lead to continuous monitoring of the physiologic processes in the implantation area, as well as a new philosophy in the field of diagnosis. Thus, it will be possible to obtain, in real-time, information about the markers of infection or tumours in the case of operations to remove cancerous tumours, concentrations of cations or other biologically active species and even monitoring of the quantities of pharmaceutically active substances used for various diseases. All the excellent properties regarding the electrical conductivity through graphene could be exploited for obtaining muscle tissue. The 3D printing technique can be used to obtain fibrillar structures with motor and contraction capacity; once this problem is solved, organs can be reproduced in their integrity. AM, and particularly SLA, consist of a layer-by-layer fabrication method that can include the nanofillers, which make them feasible for manufacturing graphene composites with superior mechanical strength. When compared with other bioprinters, SLA printershave a better resolution capacity and could be used to print with a good precision complex and customizable buildings for the medical field. It was successfully used to fabricate unique constructs for cartilage reconstruction or neural tissue regeneration and scaffolds embedded with various bioactive molecules or multifunctional nanoparticles. Graphene and its derivatives were often introduced in photocurable resins to enhance their mechanical and biochemical functions. The expansion of graphene-based resins will be more consistently after exceeding practical difficulties such as efficiency, cost, dispersiveness in polymers and solvents, limited printability. The main challenges of SLA 3D printing of graphene-based composites include the limited material availability, biocompatibility and degradability of the materials, accuracy and printing speed, pre- and post-processing steps, multimaterial printing, the requirements for increased resolution. To date, the feasibility of mass production and widespread commercialization are unmet goals. Significant advances in the fields of medicine can be achieved by multidisciplinary teams, including cell biologists, engineers, physicists, and doctors. Further research to explore plant oils for the synthesis of new polymers as liquid resins for SLA will enlarge the available biocompatible materials for biomedical scaffolds. More progress in the development of 3D printers and materials is needed to achieve clinical needs and to reveal the full potential of this technology in medicine. Conceptualization, analysis of the information, investigation, and writing of the paper, I.C. ; writing of the paper, review and editing, S.I.V. and D.B. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.