# Real-Time Performance Measurement Application via Bluetooth Signals for Signalized Intersections
## 4 Discussion
In the other study, studies are carried out via camera to verify the analysis result of the developed adaptive traffic management model on the signalized intersection. The intersection entry and exit data of the vehicles monitored from the camera are recorded manually and delay values are calculated [39]. In another study, drone videos are used in the signalized intersection performance analysis and fuel savings and carbon dioxide emission reduction values are calculated based on the recorded data [40]. The study revealed that the fully adaptive signaling system at the Refik Cesur Intersection works more efficiently than the fixed-time signaling system. It is a normal result that fully adaptive signaling systems operate more efficiently than fixed-time signaling systems. However, it is important for municipalities and state traffic managers to identify and monitor performance in real time. It is also important for a comparison to determine how different systems or algorithms affect performance. This is one of the contributions of this study to science. Real-time detection and monitoring are possible with the Bluetooth-based performance measurement system designed in this study. Other studies on this subject generally include simulation studies on historical data or future calculation methods by obtaining traffic data for performance measurement [33; 34; 36; 37; 38; 39; 40]. The structure established in this study is based on producing real-time results with live traffic data. Systems similar to this study can be established through different technologies. For example, similar performance measurement systems can be designed through vehicle-tracking systems or V2X technology. However, it is estimated that the accuracy rate of the study result will be low since the number of vehicles with vehicle-tracking systems \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c} \hline \hline
**Method** & **Fixed Time—Hourly Average Delay per** & **Fully Adaptive—Hourly Average Delay** \\  & **Vehicle between 18:00–19:00 (s/veh)** & **per Vehicle between 18:00–19:00 (s/veh)** \\ \hline Real-Time Performance Measurement & & \\ Application via Bluetooth Signals & 66.6 & 56.3 \\ Aimsun Simulation Program & 63.7 & 52.2 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 11: Aimsun simulation program and Bluetooth-based performance measurement system results. or on-board units is low in traffic. However, it can be given as a future research proposal depending on future dissemination. Another important scientific innovation of the performance measurement system designed in this study is that it can be used as feedback in fully adaptive signaling systems. Since the system makes real-time measurements, improvements in intersection performance can be achieved with real-time feedback to the adaptive control unit. Figures 9 and 10 show that, in some time zones, the efficiency of the fully adaptive signaling system decreases compared to the fixed-time signaling system. If similar data are given as feedback to the adaptive control unit in real time, as seen in Figure 12, a better signalized intersection performance can be achieved with the algorithms to be developed for the adaptive control unit. At the same time, this aspect of the study is a future research proposal. After the installation of a fully adaptive signaling system, important outputs such as fuel savings and carbon dioxide emission reduction are achieved, as the efficiency increases compared to the fixed-time signaling system. It is possible to calculate fuel savings and carbon dioxide emission reduction values with the delay values per vehicle determined by the Bluetooth-based performance measurement system [41]. The study also provides the basis for calculating and determining savings amounts.