## 2 Results
### Destructive Sampling
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c} \hline \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**Sample**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**Cluster**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**No. of**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**Most Representative Variable C**} & **Cluster Proportion** & **Total Proportion** \\  & & & & **of Variation** & **of Variation** \\  & & & & **Explained D ** & **Explained E** \\ \hline  & 1 & 7 & 3-Methyl-1-butanol & 0.993 & 0.257 \\ IA Frontenac & 2 & 9 & Cyclohexanol & 0.770 & 0.257 \\ (0.803) A  & 4 & 4 & Isoamyl acetate & 0.745 & 0.110 \\  & 3 & 4 & Isovaleraldehyde & 0.622 & 0.092 \\  & 5 & 3 & Toluene & 0.774 & 0.086 \\ \hline  & 2 & 8 & Styrene & 0.636 & 0.083 \\  & 10 & 7 & Acetaldehyde & 0.546 & 0.063 \\  & 5 & 6 & 2-Octanone & 0.608 & 0.060 \\  & 1 & 6 & Acetone & 0.602 & 0.059 \\  & 6 & 5 & 1-Hexanol & 0.645 & 0.053 \\  & 4 & 5 & Nonane & 0.624 & 0.051 \\ SD Frontenac & 8 & 4 & Ethly hexanoate & 0.732 & 0.048 \\ (0.627) A  & 3 & 4 & Ethly palmitate & 0.694 & 0.045 \\  & 7 & 3 & Hexanoic acid & 0.740 & 0.036 \\  & 9 & 4 & \(N\)-benzyl-2-phenethylamine & 0.509 & 0.033 \\  & 12 & 2 & 2-Methyl-1-propanol & 0.953 & 0.031 \\  & 11 & 3 & Benzoic acid, methyl ester & 0.560 & 0.028 \\  & 14 & 2 & Isophorone & 0.569 & 0.019 \\  & 13 & 2 & Octanal & 0.524 & 0.017 \\ \hline  & 1 & 9 & Hexanal & 0.925 & 0.347 \\  & 3 & 5 & Isoamyl acetate & 0.878 & 0.183 \\ IA Marquette & 2 & 4 & Styrene & 0.776 & 0.129 \\ (0.863) A  & 5 & 2 & Ethanol & 0.933 & 0.078 \\  & 6 & 2 & Benzophenone & 0.813 & 0.068 \\  & 4 & 2 & Allyl alcohol & 0.703 & 0.059 \\ \hline  & 7 & 7 & Acetaldehyde & 0.617 & 0.062 \\  & 6 & 6 & Methyl methyl ketone & 0.639 & 0.055 \\  & 3 & 5 & Decane & 0.760 & 0.054 \\  & 19 & 5 & Nonanal & 0.667 & 0.048 \\  & 1 & 4 & Styrene & 0.777 & 0.044 \\  & 5 & 5 & Amy acetate & 0.621 & 0.044 \\  & 4 & 4 & (E)-2-Hexenoic acid & 0.704 & 0.040 \\  & 10 & 4 & Cyclohexanol & 0.692 & 0.040 \\  & 9 & 5 & Octanal & 0.480 & 0.034 \\ (0.654) A  & 2 & 3 & 1-Pentanol & 0.673 & 0.029 \\  & 8 & 2 & Nonane & 0.966 & 0.028 \\  & 18 & 3 & Valeraldehyde & 0.630 & 0.027 \\  & 11 & 3 & 1-Heptanol & 0.629 & 0.027 \\  & 14 & 4 & beta-Damascenone & 0.470 & 0.027 \\  & 12 & 4 & Allyl alcohol & 0.435 & 0.025 \\  & 13 & 2 & _p_-Cymene & 0.835 & 0.024 \\  & 16 & 2 & Methyl disulfide & 0.635 & 0.018 \\  & 15 & 1 & beta-Cyclocitral & 1.000 & 0.014 \\  & 17 & 1 & Nerol acetate & 1.000 & 0.014 \\ \hline  & 1 & 9 & Formic acid, octyl ester & 0.832 & 0.150 \\  & 4 & 8 & Ethly decanoate & 0.901 & 0.144 \\  & 2 & 7 & Isobutylaldehyde & 0.674 & 0.094 \\  & 3 & 5 & Aspirin methyl ester & 0.813 & 0.081 \\  & 5 & 3 & Benzenacetaldehyde & 0.858 & 0.052 \\ IA St. Croix & 10 & 3 & Ethanol & 0.771 & 0.046 \\ (0.772) A  & 8 & 3 & Methxochelin & 0.682 & 0.041 \\  & 12 & 2 & Isoamyl acetate & 0.841 & 0.034 \\  & 6 & 2 & 1-Butanol & 0.790 & 0.032 \\  & 7 & 3 & Ethly butyrate & 0.493 & 0.030 \\  & 9 & 2 & 1-Hexanol & 0.649 & 0.026 \\  & 11 & 2 & beta-Damascenone & 0.576 & 0.023 \\  & 13 & 1 & Valeraldehyde & 1.000 & 0.020 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 3: ‘Characteristic’ VOCs emitted from crushed berries of Frontenac, Marquette, St. Croix, and La Crescent grapes grown in Iowa and South Dakota. These VOCs were indicated to be the most representative variable from hierarchical clustering analysis after the PCA (JMP Pro 12.0.1, SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC, USA).