## 1 Introduction  
The most common and environment-friendly additive manufacturing (AM) process is fused deposition modeling (FDM) [1]. FDM has been widely used to 3D print highly complex products in domestic and industry sections [2, 3]. As shown in Figure 1, the FDM machines consist of various components that are integrated to build parts quickly without wasting material and tooling [4, 5, 6]. The process is started by designing and developing the model in computer-aided design (CAD) software packages. Subsequently, the prepared file must be changed into a readable format by FDM 3D printers. The usable format is known as standard triangle language (STL) and exclusive software packages are required to convert the CAD file into STL. The stepper motors feed and push the material, which exists in the shape of a solid filament, through the nozzle. The extruder melts the material at a specific temperature and deposits the molten material on the platform. The molten material solidifies quickly and sticks to the platform. Then, the printer follows numerical G-codes to repeat the procedure layer by layer [7, 8]. A wide range of materials such as low-temperature metal alloys and composites can be used in the FDM but the main materials in this process are thermoplastics and polymer-based composites [9; 10; 11]. Achieving a satisfactory product with good mechanical properties is related to build orientation, infill pattern, infill density, nozzle temperature, nozzle diameter, printing speed, and layer thickness [12; 13]. Non-optimal conditions and poor temperature lead to issues in printing procedures like warpage and shrinkage [13; 14; 15]. It should be noted that finding elongation at break, Young's modulus, and tensile strength are crucial for isotropic and anisotropic engineering plastics to enhance mechanical properties [16; 17]. The drawback of the FDM process produces support structures to avoid material drops and tightens the gaps to have better binding [18]. However, the support structure influences surface texture and the quality of areas with supports attached to them becomes poor and rough [19]. Another defect in FDM printed parts is the staircase effect that happens due to the layer binding behavior [20]. The final quality of their products is also not as good as other technologies such as the MJ process [21; 22]. Over the past few decades, many studies have been conducted on the FDM parameters to increase productivity and develop process capabilities [23; 24; 25]. [PERSON], et al. [26] found that the largest ultimate and yield strength of printed AB5400 was 93% of injection-molded parts at 0\({}^{\circ}\) raster orientation [27]. [PERSON], et al. [28] using ANOVA, found that nozzle diameter and layer thickness parameters have the greatest effects on printing time, SR, and tensile strength [29; 30]. Build orientation is an alternative factor that plays a crucial role because of its effects on surface texture, mechanical properties, dimensional accuracy, and printing time [31; 32]. SR values (e.g., skewness (S\({}_{\text{ku}}\)), kurtosis (R\({}_{\text{ku}}\)), and average roughness (R\({}_{\text{a}}\))), printing time, and support structure were increased when the build angle was in perpendicular directions (5\({}^{\circ}\) to 85\({}^{\circ}\)) [33]. Samples with 0\({}^{\circ}\) orientation have the best surface texture compared to perpendicular and vertical specimens [34]. 3D printed parts are hollow or solid from 0% to 100% and various patterns exist in the shape of linear, wiggle, honeycomb, triangle, etc. Finding an appropriate infill percentage and pattern generates strong parts with minimum weight [35]. [PERSON], et al. [36] found that the strength and weight of printed samples were affected by the infill pattern and that honeycomb was the strongest among other patterns [37]. Flexural strength, tensile strength, and stiffness of products depend on the infill density, so when the infill density increases, the printed parts become stronger [38; 39].