# A Novel Hybrid High-Dimensional PSO Clustering Algorithm Based on the Cloud Model and Entropy
## 4 Numerical Example
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c c} \hline
**Dataset** & **Algorithm** & **Accuracy** & **Sensitivity** & **Specificity** & **G-mean** & **AUC** & **MCC** \\ \hline \multirow{5}{*}{Connect-4} & K-mean & 0.7800 & 0.5620 & 0.6415 & 0.5415 & 0.8825 & 0.9052 \\ \cline{2-8}  & K-Boosted & 0.7920 & 0.6120 & 0.7110 & 0.6428 & 0.8280 & 0.8925 \\ \cline{2-8}  & K-SMOTE & 0.8925 & 0.6350 & 0.8455 & 0.8625 & 0.8808 & 0.8250 \\ \cline{2-8}  & SMOTE-Boosted & 0.9020 & 0.6690 & 0.9050 & 0.9110 & 0.9065 & 0.8420 \\ \cline{2-8}  & HH-PSO-K & 0.9800 & 0.7125 & 0.9520 & 0.9350 & 0.9625 & 0.9080 \\ \hline \multirow{5}{*}{Covertype} & K-mean & 0.6400 & 0.5880 & 0.6450 & 0.4452 & 0.8700 & 0.9085 \\ \cline{2-8}  & K-Boosted & 0.7720 & 0.6250 & 0.7250 & 0.6228 & 0.8140 & 0.9020 \\ \cline{2-8}  & K-SMOTE & 0.8825 & 0.6487 & 0.8430 & 0.8720 & 0.8245 & 0.8250 \\ \cline{2-8}  & SMOTE-Boosted & 0.9150 & 0.6789 & 0.9120 & 0.9120 & 0.9005 & 0.8520 \\ \cline{2-8}  & HH-PSO-K & 0.9800 & 0.7283 & 0.9410 & 0.9350 & 0.9500 & 0.9250 \\ \hline \multirow{5}{*}{Cylinder-Bands} & K-mean & 0.6700 & 0.6030 & 0.6710 & 0.5780 & 0.9000 & 0.9250 \\ \cline{2-8}  & K-Boosted & 0.8020 & 0.6528 & 0.7523 & 0.6521 & 0.8452 & 0.9030 \\ \cline{2-8}  & K-SMOTE & 0.9010 & 0.6728 & 0.8780 & 0.9010 & 0.9060 & 0.8650 \\ \cline{2-8}  & SMOTE-Boosted & 0.6250 & 0.7055 & 0.9200 & 0.9420 & 0.9250 & 0.8920 \\ \cline{2-8}  & HH-PSO-K & 0.9360 & 0.7560 & 0.9500 & 0.9526 & 0.9602 & 0.9360 \\ \hline \multirow{5}{*}{Dermatology} & K-mean & 0.4200 & 0.5320 & 0.6015 & 0.4012 & 0.8325 & 0.8700 \\ \cline{2-8}  & K-Boosted & 0.5550 & 0.5820 & 0.6701 & 0.5890 & 0.7780 & 0.8620 \\ \cline{2-8}  & K-SMOTE & 0.7625 & 0.6030 & 0.8016 & 0.8368 & 0.8470 & 0.8010 \\ \cline{2-8}  & SMOTE-Boosted & 0.8020 & 0.6328 & 0.8750 & 0.8950 & 0.8762 & 0.8120 \\ \cline{2-8}  & HH-PSO-K & 0.9020 & 0.7020 & 0.9020 & 0.9010 & 0.9325 & 0.8750 \\ \hline \multirow{5}{*}{Diabetes} & K-mean & 0.6800 & 0.5960 & 0.6815 & 0.4815 & 0.9025 & 0.9450 \\ \cline{2-8}  & K-Boosted & 0.8125 & 0.6720 & 0.7615 & 0.6620 & 0.9380 & 0.9320 \\ \cline{2-8}  & K-SMOTE & 0.9225 & 0.6854 & 0.8915 & 0.9120 & 0.9278 & 0.8850 \\ \cline{2-8}  & SMOTE-Boosted & 0.9320 & 0.7025 & 0.9450 & 0.9510 & 0.9365 & 0.8920 \\ \cline{2-8}  & HH-PSO-K & 0.9800 & 0.7820 & 0.9520 & 0.9750 & 0.9825 & 0.9580 \\ \hline \multirow{5}{*}{Hayes-Roth} & K-mean & 0.7000 & 0.6320 & 0.7015 & 0.6015 & 0.7825 & 0.9552 \\ \cline{2-8}  & K-Boosted & 0.8325 & 0.6824 & 0.7800 & 0.6828 & 0.8585 & 0.9021 \\ \cline{1-1} \cline{2-8}  & K-SMOTE & 0.9225 & 0.6858 & 0.9015 & 0.9120 & 0.9178 & 0.8950 \\ \cline{1-1} \cline{2-8}  & SMOTE-Boosted & 0.9620 & 0.7325 & 0.9750 & 0.9710 & 0.9460 & 0.8910 \\ \cline{1-1} \cline{2-8}  & HH-PSO-K & 0.9805 & 0.7820 & 0.9790 & 0.9750 & 0.9520 & 0.9785 \\ \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 2: _Cont._The experimental data analysis shows that the HHCE-MOPSO algorithm has good performance in terms of optimization quality and convergence speed. The more complex the attributes and higher the dimensions of the dataset, the worse the clustering effect will be if the same algorithm is applied. At the same time, the experiments on different scale datasets verify the effectiveness and efficiency of the hybrid clustering algorithm. Simultaneously, the hybrid PSO clustering algorithm proposed has good performance in different subsets of features in clustering accuracy and efficiency. Through the analysis of experimental data, the experimental results show that the proposed hybrid clustering algorithm is superior to the traditional clustering algorithm in clustering accuracy, and the running time under the same conditions is superior to the time of the traditional clustering algorithm. In addition, when the number of data samples increases, the advantage of the algorithm in time will gradually decrease. Although the hybrid clustering algorithm based on the entropy theory and cloud model is superior to other traditional clustering technologies, it still has some inevitable defects.