## 2 Autonomous Smart Wheelchairs  
Managing an aging population has become a national research strategy in Thailand. One issue that has arisen is that the elderly or at-home patients need to sit while moving their mobility scooters/wheelchairs around. Accordingly, various mobility scooters/wheelchairs are available. The most commonly available mobility scooter/wheelchair is a standard model with no additional features. Wheelchairs with a range of other features are more expensive and must be imported [6], resulting in the majority of older people not having access to them. Thus, the concept of creating smart-wheelchair accessories was conceived. These devices are cost-effective, convenient for older people, and state of the art. In this study, we discuss portable health monitoring devices. Vital indicators such as blood pressure and electrocardiogram (ECG) signals can be measured with such devices, together with breath signals when an irregularity occurs, and body temperature. For a medical professional or nurse to see the irregularity that exists, an initial diagnosis can be made by a physician, who can guide treatment methods and recommend alternative wheelchairs: for example, those who spend a lot of time in a wheelchair could potentially develop pressure ulcers. As a result, when a person sits for a long time, a built-in air protection system could be used to automatically send air into a specific cushion to help avoid pressure sores. Another feature of the smart wheelchair is that it contains a system to detect falls or unusual motion, for example, moving too quickly, which could result in a slip or accident. In addition, the smart wheelchair should deliver accurate vital sign data in real time according to international standards, enabling users, such as family members and medical professionals, to react quickly to irregularities experienced by the patient. The patient can sit comfortably without developing pressure sores. We can perform data collection through the wheelchair's associated equipment due to the development of wheelchair accessories [7]. The advantage of the Internet of Things is that each device can connect via the Internet. Being able to send information to multiple persons instantly or issue notifications immediately allows for real-time data transmission. The Wi-Fi module ESP8266 can connect numerous sensors to the microcontroller and functions as a small computer connected to the sensors receiving different values [8]. One uses the operating system's Visual Studio code to connect. The microcontroller can also use Wi-Fi to connect to the Internet [9]. This satisfies the demands of the elderly by allowing them to monitor and transmit data, and it employs Wi-Fi for real-time data transmission. It also makes it possible to connect to the Internet wherever there is a mobile phone signal. A variety of vital signals can be used to manage wheelchair mobility while adjusting the cushion to prevent pressure sores, and determine the user's location via Global Positioning System (GPS) data provided to the web application in real time in the database [10]. To connect to the platform's database and function with desktop and mobile web browsers such as Internet Explorer, Google Chrome, and Safari, we will be developed using Node.js, HTML, CSS, and JavaScript. We will send any necessary vital signs to a doctor or appropriate person for further diagnosis and initial evaluation. A powered wheelchair that has been specially adapted and equipped with various sensors and a control system is known as an autonomous wheelchair or smart wheelchair [11]. Users with significant physical disabilities can benefit from smart wheelchairs [12]. The wheelchair's primary function is to reduce or completely remove the user's responsibility for maneuvering the wheelchair. It can also be created with the user's circumstances and impairment in mind. There are two kinds of smart wheelchair. One is a seat attached to a moving robotic base, while the other is a typical electric wheelchair with a computer and various sensors [13].