# Performance and Challenges of Service-Oriented Architecture for Wireless Sensor Networks
## 6 Service-Oriented Middleware (SOM) Architectures Approaches for WSNs
### Other SOM Architectures for WSNs
These models deploy, manage, and update the network in the device, gateway, and enterprise levels. However, the proposed architecture does not provide any collaborative results of OFM functions with WSNs. The Rescue and Crime Information in the Cloud (RCIC) [57] is based on SOM architecture. RCIC consists of a set of heterogeneous sensor nodes that form a cloud-based system in MANET [57]. The sensors send data to the cloud to process and analyze it. Then, the data is normalized through the middleware and transmitted to the Rescue and Crime Information System (RCIS) [57]. RCIS is a method that individually assesses secure data versus at-risk data. RCIS detects natural disasters or criminal activities. It can easily monitor any event by providing a fast response time. The simulation result of 500 sensor nodes shows that the power consumption and range size of each node is reduced by using clusters. Each cluster consists of 100 nodes executed in parallel. RCIC's limitation is in its accuracy. It is not accurate enough to handle complex services or networks. The network uses a lot of data that causes processing delays. Even though the RCIS acts as a filter, it should enhance the database to filter unnecessary data. If this filtering takes place, overhead and processing delay of data will decrease and the network accuracy will increase. Another SOM architecture called Service Mid-Tier Component (SMC) based on SOA is introduced in [58]. In this technique, each component is represented as a service within the middleware framework. This approach has a repository that includes various types of interfaces and a middleware. It handles any type of delivered request and then identifies a suitable interface from the repository and links it to the service. It can decrease overhead, storage space, and power consumption on each node in the network. Each layer should be independent of others because individual layers provide a self-contained module increase flexibility and scalability within the system, and protect individual data. In this case, the repository should use secure algorithms to establish interactions with the nodes. In [58], the proposed method is used to handle the traffic route between the sources and destinations; however, it should be optimized to increase quality of service in the system. In this approach, the authors need to evaluate additional applications in order to compare their results with other techniques. Another middleware proposed is based on SOA through a web service [59]. It addresses different issues such as the serviceability of WSNs and the power efficiency for sensor application services [59]. The solution for serviceability occurs in the application of a Web Service Resource Framework (WSRF) within an Open Grid Service Architecture (OGSA) [59]. The power efficiency is solved by WSR. A web service based on the Markov Decision Process (MDP) produces query optimization techniques [59]. However, WSRF does not provide any quality of service for Service-Oriented for WSN applications [59], which is a critical issue especially in the case of massive data. The parameters of the quality of service such as data and process accuracy as well as the speed and failure rate of the operation should be considered. Data and system security are not addressed in this approach, and therefore can impact the system's applications. Under OGSA, the WSRF transfers massive data between WSN applications; it should provide a method to control any loss or delay of data. Similar to the preceding studies, the authors attempted to apply the quality of service (QoS). The active QoS Infrastructure of WSNs within SOM architecture is labeled as (QISM). The QISM was introduced in [60]. QISM is a software layer located between the protocol stack and applications [60]. It communicates with the layers by using API standards. The design of QISM has mechanisms and metrics that guarantee QoS for the entire network. The lifetime of the network and its application is increased through applied switching between the nodes [60].