## 3 Design Examples for the Proposed Synthetization Approach
### Comparison and Summary
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Number of** & \multirow{2}{*}{**Substitutable**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**Cases**} & \multicolumn{4}{c}{**Characteristic Impedances of the \(i\)th CLSs or TLs (\(\Omega\))**} & **Symmetrical/** \\
**Variable** & & & & & & & **Asymmetrical** \\
**Parameters** & & & **1 st** & **2 nd** & **3 rd** & **4 th** & **5 th** & **Topology** \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{3} & Conventional & CLS & CLS & CLS & CLS & CLS & \\  & topology [28] & \(Z_{\text{cr1}}=4.1030\) & \(Z_{\text{cr2}}=4.7546\) & \(Z_{\text{cr3}}=4.7474\) & \(Z_{\text{cr4}}=4.2000\) & \(Z_{\text{cr5}}=2.8441\) & \multirow{3}{*}{Symmetrical} \\  & Former work & \(Z_{\text{cr4}}=0.4371\) & \(Z_{\text{cr4}}=0.6000\) & \(Z_{\text{cr4}}=0.6000\) & \(Z_{\text{cr4}}=0.6000\) & \(Z_{\text{cr4}}=0.1826\) & \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{2} & Case 2 & CLS & CLS & CLS & CLS & \\  & This work & \(Z_{\text{cr1}}=3.8756\) & \(Z_{\text{cr3}}=1.5268\) & \(Z_{\text{cr3}}=3.8798\) & \(Z_{\text{cr4}}=3.9323\) & \(Z_{\text{cr5}}=2.8214\) & \multirow{3}{*}{Asymmetrical} \\  & \(Z_{\text{cr4}}=0.6643\) & & \(Z_{\text{cr4}}=0.6643\) & \(Z_{\text{cr4}}=0.6000\) & \(Z_{\text{cr4}}=0.2053\) & \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{1} & Case 11 & CLS & CLS & CLS & & & \\  & in Figure 5 & \(Z_{\text{cr1}}=3.8447\) & \(Z_{\text{cr1}}=2.14813\) & \(Z_{\text{cr3}}=3.0487\) & \(Z_{\text{cr4}}=1.1271\) & \(Z_{\text{cr5}}=2.6067\) & \multirow{3}{*}{Symmetrical} \\  & This work & \(Z_{\text{cr1}}=0.6953\) & & \(Z_{\text{cr4}}=0.6000\) & \(Z_{\text{cr4}}=0.6000\) & \(Z_{\text{cr4}}=0.4200\) & \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{1} & Case 10 & CLS & TL & CLS & & & \\  & This work & \(Z_{\text{cr1}}=3.7642\) & \(Z_{\text{cr4}}=0.7758\) & \(Z_{\text{cr4}}=1.1076\) & \(Z_{\text{cr3}}=0.9148\) & \(Z_{\text{cr4}}=3.0366\) & \(Z_{\text{cr5}}=2.7415\) & \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{2} & Case 18 & CLS & TL & TL & CLS & & \\  & This work & \(Z_{\text{cr1}}=3.8158\) & \(Z_{\text{cr1}}=2.1486\) & \(Z_{\text{cr2}}=1.2486\) & \(Z_{\text{cr3}}=1.4696\) & \(Z_{\text{cr4}}=5.5788\) & \(Z_{\text{cr5}}=1.5133\) & \\ \cline{1-1}  & Case 19 [30] & CLS & TL & TL & TL & CLS & \\  & Former work & \(Z_{\text{cr1}}=3.7113\) & \(Z_{\text{cr4}}=0.8287\) & \(Z_{\text{cr4}}=0.8287\) & \(Z_{\text{cr4}}=0.6071\) & \(Z_{\text{cr5}}=2.4931\) & \multirow{3}{*}{Symmetrical} \\ \cline{1-1}  & Case 21 & TL & CLS & TL & CLS & & \\  & in Figure 7 & \(Z_{\text{cr2}}=8.5051\) & \(Z_{\text{cr4}}=0.8158\) & \(Z_{\text{cr2}}=2.1307\) & \(Z_{\text{cr4}}=1.2408\) & \(Z_{\text{cr4}}=1.2408\) & \(Z_{\text{cr5}}=1.5133\) & \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{0} & Case 19 & CLS & TL & TL & CLS & & \\  & Former work & \(Z_{\text{cr1}}=3.7113\) & \(Z_{\text{cr4}}=0.8287\) & \(Z_{\text{cr4}}=0.8287\) & \(Z_{\text{cr4}}=0.8592\) & \(Z_{\text{cr4}}=0.6071\) & \(Z_{\text{cr5}}=2.4931\) & \multirow{3}{*}{Symmetrical} \\ \cline{1-1}  & Case 21 & TL & CLS & TL & CLS & & \\  & in Figure 7 & \(Z_{\text{cr2}}=8.5051\) & \(Z_{\text{cr4}}=0.8158\) & \(Z_{\text{cr2}}=2.8948\) & \(Z_{\text{cr4}}=5.8497\) & \(Z_{\text{cr4}}=0.8497\) & \(Z_{\text{cr4}}=0.81533\) & \\ \cline{1-1}  & This work & \(Z_{\text{cr1}}=3.8158\) & \(Z_{\text{cr4}}=0.8158\) & \(Z_{\text{cr4}}=0.8158\) & \(Z_{\text{cr5}}=2.8788\) & \(Z_{\text{cr5}}=2.8788\) & \(Z_{\text{cr5}}=2.8788\) & \(Z_{\text{cr5}}=2.8788\) & \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{3} & Case 19 & CLS & TL & TL & CLS & & \\  & Former work & \(Z_{\text{cr1}}=3.7113\) & \(Z_{\text{cr4}}=0.8287\) & \(Z_{\text{cr4}}=0.8287\) & \(Z_{\text{cr4}}=0.8592\) & \(Z_{\text{cr4}}=0.6071\) & \(Z_{\text{cr5}}=2.4931\) & \multirow{3}{*}{Symmetrical} \\ \cline{1-1}  & Case 21 & TL & CLS & TL & CLS & & \\ \cline{1-1}  & in Figure 7 & \(Z_{\text{cr2}}=8.5051\) & \(Z_{\text{cr2}}=3.8948\) & \(Z_{\text{cr4}}=5.8497\) & \(Z_{\text{cr4}}=0.8497\) & \(Z_{\text{cr4}}=0.81533\) & \multirow{3}{*}{Symmetrical} \\ \cline{1-1}  & This work & \(Z_{\text{cr4}}=2.2700\) & \(Z_{\text{cr4}}=2.1307\) & \(Z_{\text{cr4}}=0.8153\) & \(Z_{\text{cr4}}=0.8153\) & \(Z_{\text{cr4}}=0.8153\) & \multirow{3}{*}{Symmetrical} \\ \cline{1-1} \end{tabular}