# Fuzzy Comprehensive Evaluation of Pilot Cadets' Flight Performance Based on G1 Method
## 1 Introduction
In weight calculation, subjective weighting methods like the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) method and the order relationship analysis method (G1 method) are commonly used. The AHP method is a simple and practical method for handling complex problems with multiple objectives, criteria and levels. The AHP involves experts assigning values in the range from 1 to 9, or their reciprocals, to express the relative importance between two indicators [21]. After these valuations, a consistency check is performed [22]. However, when dealing with a large number of indicators, errors in assessing their importance can occur, resulting in inconsistent judgements [23], such as A being more important than B, B being more important than C, and C being more important than A. Thus, determining the importance between A and C becomes problematic. In contrast, the G1 method is an improved index weighting method based on the AHP algorithm [24]. The G1 method avoids the consistency test required by the AHP algorithm by using the non-inferior relationship between indicators, and it has the characteristics of simple operation and wide applicability [25]. The G1 method initially requires experts to rank the importance of indicators according to their judgments and subsequently assign values to express the importance between them. This approach effectively circumvents the drawbacks of the AHP method. In the context of designing a flight trainee skill assessment, this study acknowledges that there may be a substantial number of indicators to consider. If the AHP method was employed, it could lead to consistency check failures. Moreover, repeatedly convening experts for the assessment of indicator importance is not very convenient. Consequently, the G1 method was chosen as the approach to calculating the indicator weights in this research. Some scholars combined the G1 method with fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method for the construction research of evaluation models [26; 27; 28]. Thus, applying the G1 method [29] and the fuzzy evaluation method [30] to the assessment of pilot flight performance enables a comprehensive consideration of various factors exhibited by pilot flight performance. Based on the importance and evaluation results of each factor, the original qualitative evaluation can be quantified to better handle the multifactorial, fuzzy, and subjective judgments in the assessment of pilot flight performance. Meanwhile, traffic pattern flight encompasses all flight processes, from take-off to landing, and flight training for pilot cadets primarily focuses on traffic pattern flight training [31]. Therefore, the detailed contributions and novelty of this paper are as follows:(1) Based on the characteristics of flight tasks in the traffic pattern and the flight training manual, a flight performance evaluation index system that can accurately assess the flight performance of cadets in traffic pattern flight is derived. (2) By determining the weight relations of various indicators through the G1 method, an evaluation model of flight performance for pilot cadets using the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method is established. (3) The flight data of pilot cadets are obtained through experiments. The evaluation results of flight performance of pilot cadets are calculated by inputting the data into the evaluation model. The results show that the evaluation index system and the method proposed in this paper are suitable for a flight performance evaluation of pilot cadets.