## 5 Conclusions  
We collected 105 archived Sentinel-1 A/B observations to extract the coseismic deformation and analyze the evolution of postseismic displacements resulting from the 2021 Maduo earthquake in both the temporal and spatial domains. Additionally, the spatio-temporal evolution of the afterslip was further modeled. The coseismic and aseismic slip distributions reveal the heterogeneous frictional properties of the seismogenic fault. Our study suggests that the afterslip primarily occurs downdip of the coseismic rupture at depths of 15-40 km, with the maximum aseismic slip occurring to the west of the peak coseismic slip. We also found that regions with high coseismic slip tend to exhibit weak seismicity. Additionally, the deep afterslip shows a similar pattern to the shallow aftershocks, suggesting that the afterslip and aftershocks are likely driven by each other. This study successfully constrained the afterslip process induced by the Maduo earthquake using InSAR observations, suggesting a possible interaction between afterslip and aftershocks. This provides a novel perspective for understanding the postseismic stress release process. Moreover, the coseismic stress significantly increases on the Yushu segment in the GYXF, as well as the Maqin-Maqu segment and the Tuosuo Lake segment in the EKF. Therefore, the Maqin-Maqu segment is considered an important seismic gap with a higher degree of fault locking. Consequently, the Maqin-Maqu segment may have a higher potential seismic risk and should be carefully monitored in the future. Additionally, more in-depth studies on the postseismic mechanisms of the Maduo earthquake can be conducted by combining longer-term InSAR data with GNSS data, and the rheological mechanisms of the region can be further analyzed using geophysical exploration methods. The following supporting information can be downloaded at: [[https://www.mdpi.com/article/10.3390/app14156771/s1](https://www.mdpi.com/article/10.3390/app14156771/s1)]([https://www.mdpi.com/article/10.3390/app14156771/s1](https://www.mdpi.com/article/10.3390/app14156771/s1)), Figure S1: Distribution of temporal and spatial baselines of the interferograms in postseismic data processing. The blue dots represent the images in the velocity calculations. The blue lines represent generated interferograms. Note that the red dashed line indicates the date of master SAR acquisition. (a) Track 106; (b) Track 99; Figure S2: The cumulative LOS deformation from the descending observations during the 450 days after the mainshock. A, B, C, and D are the four selected points in Section 4.1; Figure S3: The logarithmic expansion of the aftershocks with time along longitude. Conceptualization, Z.T. ; methodology, Y.H. and Z.T. ; software, Y.H. ; validation, Y.H. and Y.Z. ; formal analysis, Y.H. and Z.T. ; investigation, Y.H. and L.S. ; resources, H.F. and W.Y. ; data curation, H.F., Y.Z. and W.Y. ; writing--original draft preparation, Y.H. ; writing--review and editing, Z.T. ; visualization, Y.H. ; supervision, L.S. ; project administration, H.F.; funding acquisition, Z.T. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript. **Funding:** This research was funded by National Natural Science Foundation of China, grant number 42104003, China Postdoctoral Science Foundation, grant number 2022M710012, China Postdoctoral Science Foundation, grant number 2023T160557, and State Key Laboratory of Earthquake Dynamics, China, grant number LED2022B02, the National Natural Science Foundation of China, grant number 42304004. **Institutional Review Board Statement:** Not applicable. **Informed Consent Statement:** Not applicable.