esa-sceva/satcom-chunk-collection huggingface dataset:
###### Abstract  
Network connectivity and area coverage are the most important aspects in the applications of wireless sensor networks (WSNs). The resource and energy constraints of sensor nodes, operational conditions, and network size pose challenges to the optimal coverage of targets in the region of interest (ROI). The main idea is to achieve maximum area coverage and connectivity with strategic deployment and the minimal number of sensor nodes. This work addresses the problem of network area coverage in randomly distributed WSNs and provides an efficient deployment strategy using an enhanced version of cuckoo search optimization (ECSO). The \"sequential update evaluation\" mechanism is used to mitigate the dependency among dimensions and provide highly accurate solutions, particularly during the local search phase. During the preference random walk phase of conventional CSO, particle swarm optimization (PSO) with adaptive inertia weights is defined to accelerate the local search capabilities. The \"opposition-based learning (OBL)\" strategy is applied to ensure high-quality initial solutions that help to enhance the balance between exploration and exploitation. By considering the opposite of current solutions to expand the search space, we achieve higher convergence speed and population diversity. The performance of ECSO-OBL is evaluated using eight benchmark functions, and the results of three cases are compared with the existing methods. The proposed method enhances network coverage with a non-uniform distribution of sensor nodes and attempts to cover the whole ROI with a minimal number of sensor nodes. In a WSN with a 100 m\({}^{2}\) area, we achieved a maximum coverage rate of 98.45% and algorithm convergence in 143 iterations, and the execution time was limited to 2.85 s. The simulation results of various cases prove the higher efficiency of the ECSO-OBL method in terms of network coverage and connectivity in WSNs compared with existing state-of-the-art works.  
network connectivity; network coverage; network deployment; wireless networks; wireless sensor networks +
Footnote †: journal: Applied sciences  
Article
# Sustainability in Bio-Based Edible Films, Coatings, and Packaging for Small Fruits
## 5 Edible Film and Coating Functionalities Important for the Small Fruit Industry
### Encapsulation Techniques and Mechanisms of Shelf-Life Extension Through Encapsulation Techniques
Encapsulation systems, combined with edible coatings or films, extend the shelf-life of fruits by offering protection from environmental factors and shielding sensitive compounds from heat, oxygen, light, and moisture, which are common causes of degradation in food products. They can also act as a barrier to microbial contamination, extending the shelf life of perishable goods like fruits and vegetables by reducing spoilage rates. Furthermore, encapsulating bioactive compounds allows for the gradual release of those bioactive compounds, which helps maintain the quality and safety of food over time. Encapsulated antimicrobials and antioxidants can be released in response to specific conditions, such as temperature or moisture, reducing microbial growth and delaying spoilage. The release of such compounds can occur in several manners, including diffusion, dissolution, erosion, swelling, osmosis, degradation, and fragmentation [202; 203; 204; 205]. Diffusion from an encapsulation system depends on the solubility and its permeability, and the release rate can be affected by the bioactive compound characteristics (molecular weight, polarity, and vapor pressure) but also on the encapsulation system itself (polarity, physical state, interactions, and rheology). Dissolution can occur in two different ways, one being the encapsulation-dissolution-controlled system, in which bioactive compounds are encapsulated in dissolving materials and dissolution rates are controlled by the solubility of the bioactive compounds and the physicochemical proprieties of the carrier, and the other, the matrix-dissolution-controlled system, in which the bioactive compounds are distributed homogeneously in the particle, influencing the dissolution rate. Another release mechanism is erosion, in which the chemical degradation of the particle-matrix occurs in a specific environmental condition, causing the release of the bioactive compound. Swelling and osmosis release act similarly, where the release of the bioactives occurs by the swelling of the capsule due to solvent absorption or osmotic pressure. Finally, degradation occurs by disrupting the encapsulation systems by microorganisms, and fragmentation occurs when the systems suffer rupture due to environmental factors, such as pressure, pH, or enzymatic.
###### Abstract
A recent study proposed a more extended period as it covered a more comprehensive longitudinal range that includes South American, African, Indian, and Southeast Asian sectors: morning (06:00-10:00 LT) and evening (14:00-18:00 LT) [10]. The disagreement over CEJ classification will complicate subsequent studies to perform fair comparisons between findings obtained in different sectors and at different times. Therefore, a suitable interval for CEJ observations in the Southeast Asian sector was applied based on its occurrences. Other than that, there was also a possibility of CEJ occurrence after dusk, which most studies had overlooked since it happened during off-daytime. This uncommon event was once indicated by the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) Bz movement [15]. Fundamentally, this finding contradicts the CEJ theory, which established CEJ as a daytime phenomenon, necessitating further exploration. Hence, the current study aims to examine CEJ dependency on solar activity and seasonal aspects, besides determining the symmetry of CEJ occurrence using data from the insular (east) and peninsular (west) of Southeast Asia that were separated by \(\sim\)25\({}^{\circ}\) longitude. The monitoring period was then extended after dusk (18:00-21:00 LT) and introduced as post-sunset depletion (PSD).
Hence, and because of its high energy consumption, researchers and practitioners have been looking into replacing the commodity computer by single-board computers (SBCs) as they consume less energy, are smaller in size and less expensive. An SBC consumes about 2.7 W in an idle state and around 6.4 W in full load. This consumption is very low compared to the one of commodity computers. In this paper, we are looking into the improvements brought by the implementation of an edge platform using a cluster of NVIDIA Jetson Developer kit. These improvements include the response time, the energy consumption of the cluster, and the accuracy of the prediction algorithms. Although SBCs have been trending and used in many applications and projects, their performance as computing units (or edge platforms) has not been widely tackled in the literature. Our work in this paper consists of using SBCs at the edge and comparing their performance to the one of a cloud and a single node edge platform based on a commodity computer. The aim behind this comparison is to decide whether SBCs can be used at the edge and will eventually be a good alternative to deliver green edge computing. To perform these comparisons, we are making use of Hadoop framework and we are benchmarking our platforms against one of the CPU-bound programs and that is the average of float numbers. Our results have shown that by using a local single machine cluster at the edge, we gained 142% of the execution time of the cloud while the SBC cluster allowed us to gain about 23%. The rest of the paper is organized as follows: Section 2 presents an extensive literature review giving an idea about the work that was previously done in the same research area. In Section 3, we introduce the main concepts tackled in this paper. Then, Section 4 presents our main contribution by presenting the approach and the general architectures. Section 5 contains the details of the experimental setup and shows the hardware and software architectures. The results along with a detailed discussion are presented in Section 6. Section 7 contains the analysis of the results. Finally, we conclude and present future work in Section 8.
# An Overview of FIR Filter Design in Future Multicarrier Communication Systems
## 3 FIR Prototype Filter Design
### Frequency Sampling Methods
#### 3.1.1 Bellanger's Method  
In [118], [PERSON] et al. use a typical frequency sampling method to design a filter, which is chosen as the prototype filter of FBMC modulation system in PHYDYAS project. Specific implementation is as follows [119]: assuming an integer \(K\), the number of subcarriers is \(F\) and the number of samples is \(KF\), two conditions are proposed:  
**Condition 1**: To approximately meet the [PERSON] criterion, the following equation should be satisfied  
\[\left\{\begin{array}{l}H_{0}=1,\\ H_{k}^{2}+H_{K-k}^{2}=1,\\ H_{KF-k}=H_{k},\hskip 42.679134 pt1\leq k\leq K-1,\\ H_{k}=0,\hskip 42.679134 ptK\leq k\leq KF-K,\end{array}\right. \tag{20}\]  
where \(H_{k}(0\leq k\leq KF-1)\) is the \(k^{th}\) frequency weighting coefficient.  
**Condition 2**: To ensure stopband performance, the following equation is satisfied  
\[H_{0}+2\sum_{k=1}^{K-1}(-1)^{k}H_{k}=0. \tag{21}\]  
When \(K=3\) and \(4\), the filter weighting coefficients are  
\[\left\{\begin{array}{l}K=3:H_{0}=1;H_{1}=0.9144;H_{2}=0.4114,\\ K=4:H_{0}=1;H_{1}=0.9720;H_{2}=\sqrt{2};H_{3}=0.2351.\end{array}\right. \tag{22}\]  
Then the impulse response is obtained by IDFT  
\[h(t)=\left\{\begin{array}{l}1+2\sum_{k=1}^{K-1}(-1)^{k}H_{k}\cos(\frac{2\pi t }{KT}),-\frac{KT}{2}\leq t\leq\frac{KT}{2},\\ 0,\hskip 42.679134 pt\text{otherwise}.\end{array}\right. \tag{23}\]
# Nonlinear Distortion Cancellation using Predistorter in MIMO-GFDM Systems
## 3 Results and Discussion  
### Predistorter in MIMO-GFDM  
The application of a mitigation methods predistorter for nonlinear distortion due to the HPA on MIMO GFDM was investigated. The covered analysis included the system performance, which was BER, constellation diagram, and signal spectrum before and after given a nonlinear distortion. The GFDM simulation was carried out with the following parameters: \(K\) = 8 subcarriers, \(M\) = 15 subsymbol, mapping using 16 OQAM modulation, and the root raised cosine with a roll-of-factor 0.3, as shown in Table 1.  
With a predistorter, the AM/AM curve became linear as shown in Figure 6. This occurred because the predistorter inversed the nonlinear distortion, showing it was the simplest technique for the linearization of HPAs.  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c} \hline \hline
**Parameter** & **Notation** & **GFDM** \\ \hline sampling Frequency & \(f_{s}\) & 16 \\ Subcarrier & K & 8 \\ Symbols per block & M & 15 \\ Samples per symbol & N & 10 \\ Pulse Shaping & g & RRC \\ Roll-of-factor & \(\alpha\) & 0.3 \\ Alpha\_a & \(\alpha_{\alpha}\) & 2.1587 \\ Alpha\_phi & \(\alpha_{\varphi}\) & 4.0033 \\ Beta\_a & \(\beta_{\alpha}\) & 1.1517 \\ Beta\_phi & \(\beta_{\varphi}\) & 9104 \\ Mapping & & 16 OQAM \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}
Table 1: Simulation parameters.
## 2 Materials and Methods
### Microbial Diversity Analysis  
Total DNA was extracted using the E.Z.N.A. Bacterial DNA Kit (Omega Biotek, Norcross, GA, USA) according to the manufacturer's protocol. Then, the concentration of DNA was determined using spectrophotometry and its quality was evaluated using 2% agarose gel electrophoresis. The microbial 16 s rRNA gene was amplified using the hypervariable V4 region PCR primers (515F: 5'-GTGCCAGCMGCCGCG-3' and 806R: 5'-GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT-3') [24] with a unique error-correcting barcode for each sample.  
After purification and quantification, the PCR products were sequenced using the Illumina platform (Genewiz Co. Ltd., Suzhou, China). The sequenced reads were processed according to the methods of [PERSON] et al. [25] with a few modifications. Briefly, the QIIME quality-control process was used to obtain the high-quality clean tags (Version 1.9.1) and the UCHIME algorithm was used to detect and remove chimera sequences. Then the effective sequences were aligned into operational taxonomic units (OTUs) analysis using the software VSEARCH (version 1.9.6) based on 97% sequence similarity. Alpha diversity was analyzed by the metrics of [PERSON], Ace, [PERSON], and [PERSON]. The representative OTU sequences were then compared with the Silva 132 database using the Ribosomal Database Program Classifier for taxonomic classification (at 80% confidence threshold) at the kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, and genus levels.
# Design and Control of an Ultra-Low-Cost Logistic Delivery Fixed-Wing UAV
### Major Innovations  
The UAV discussed in this study demonstrates high energy efficiency, simplistic structure, significant cost-effectiveness, and adaptability to a wide range of environmental conditions, thereby broadening its scope of application. With continuous technological advancements and further exploration of its applications, the delivery-oriented fixed-wing UAV is expected to reveal greater potential in the future, contributing substantial value to various sectors, including military reconnaissance, environmental monitoring, and disaster relief. The innovations presented in this article are threefold:  
1. This study reduces the cost of a fixed-wing UAV composed of composite materials while ensuring that the mission requirements are met;
2. We designed a streamlined wing and dual vertical h-tail based on accurate aerodynamic analysis; our wing model parameters were satisfied, and the results converged. The displacement reduces the fuselage vibration, and the volume factor is reduced by 10% to 20%, which shows that the aircraft has a more optimized performance compared to the same type of commercially available aircrafts;
3. We designed an autonomous projectile mechanism and spring hinges that are more flexible than commercially available UAVs and protect the dropped package.  
This paper is organized as follows: First, it presents the overall design of a low-cost fixed-wing UAV, including the main components of the aircraft, the materials used and the production cost advantages, the modeling of the dynamic equations, the wing design, and the overall parametric design of the aircraft. Subsequently, the throwing mechanism is established and analyzed. Next, the paper details the importance of the image recognition system in the delivery of the UAV, including the implementation of the image recognition algorithm and the implementation of the mark recognition method. Finally, a field test is conducted to reveal the enhancements of the optimized UAV proposed in this research, and the paper concludes with a summary of the main work and prospects for future research.
# Roles of D-Amino Acids on the Bioactivity of Host Defense Peptides
## 1 Introduction  
Host defense peptides (HDPs) have shown great promise as the next generation of broad spectrum therapeutic agents. Interests in this class of immune molecules stems from their effectiveness and versatility. HDPs have been proven to be bioactive against virtually all types of existing pathogens, namely bacteria [1], cancer [2], fungi [3], parasites [4] and viruses [5]. In many cases, the drug resistance exhibited by pathogens was negligibly effective against the activity of HDPs [6; 7]. Additionally, evidence has shown that the development of resistance against HDPs is considerably more difficult and slower than that against conventional antibiotics [8; 9]. Thus, current results leave little doubt about the great potential of this class of innate immune molecule to form the basis of a novel class of broad spectrum therapeutic agents.  
However, several issues must be addressed in order to realize this potential. The shortcomings of HDPs includes low serum lifetime [10], large molecular size (i.e., makes it difficult to reach the target site) [6], potential immunogenicity [11], high production costs [12] and a general need for even better selective toxicity [6]. However, a number of in vivo tests had already demonstrated the high safety and effectiveness of HDP therapy as shown in Figure S1 [13]. Many strategies have been attempted to address the deficiencies of HDPs such as: (i) optimizing the peptide sequence and searching for the minimum length motif via high-throughput screening, computational approach or a hybrid ofthe two; (ii) conjugating HDPs to homing or internalization motifs; (iii) altering the peptide chain structure (i.e., cyclization and dendrimer formation); (iv) incorporating non-canonical amino acids; (v) modifying the peptide terminals and (vi) using peptide mimics [14; 15; 16; 17; 18].  
It should be noted that copious reviews exist on the various experimental and in silico strategies for improving the properties of HDPs or d-AA containing peptides in general [6; 19; 20; 21; 22; 23]. Amongst the improvement strategies, partial or complete replacement of l-amino acids (l-AAs) with their d-amino acid (d-AA) counterpart appears to be a frequently used method that had consistently been shown to improve key parameters of HDP performance, notably selective toxicity and serum stability. In light of the impact of this strategy, it is rather surprising that although virtually all current reviews mentioned the importance of d-AA incorporation, there appears to be no review that is specifically dedicated to the role of d-AAs in HDPs. As such, this review seeks to fill that void by providing a systematic look at the role of d-AAs in the development of HDPs.
# Asymmetric Protocols for Mode Pairing Quantum Key Distribution with Finite-Key Analysis
## 2 Finite-Key Analysis for MP-QKD with Asymmetric Channels
It is evident that the single-photon components prepared in the \(Z\)- and \(X\)-bases are mutually unbiased. We denote \(\mathbb{X}_{11}\) (and \(\mathbb{X}_{11}^{\prime}\)) as the bit string that [PERSON] (and [PERSON]) would have obtained had they performed measurements in the \(X\) basis instead of the \(Z\) basis. The quantity \(H_{\text{min}}^{\tilde{\epsilon}}(\mathbb{Z}_{11}|\mathbb{Z}_{\text{rest}} \mathbb{E})\) can be reformulated using the entropic uncertainty relation:  
\[H_{\text{min}}^{\epsilon}(\mathbb{Z}_{11}|\mathbb{Z}_{\text{rest}} \mathbb{E}) \geq M_{11}^{\mathbb{Z}}-H_{\text{max}}^{\epsilon}\big{(}\mathbb{X }_{11}|\mathbb{X}_{11}^{\prime}\big{)} \tag{5}\] \[\geq M_{11}^{\mathbb{Z}}\Big{[}1-h\Big{(}e_{11}^{Z,\text{ph}} \Big{)}\Big{]},\]  
where \(M_{11}^{Z}\) denotes a lower bound on the length of \(\mathbb{Z}_{11}\), \(h\Big{(}e_{11}^{Z,\text{ph}}\Big{)}\) represents the number of bits required for [PERSON] to use the bit string \(\mathbb{X}_{11}\) to reconstruct \(\mathbb{X}_{11}^{\prime}\), \(e_{11}^{Z,\text{ph}}\) is the phase-error rate associated with the single-photon pair events in the \(Z\)-basis, \(h(x)=-x\log_{2}x-(1-x)\log_{2}(1-x)\). We can set \(\epsilon^{\prime}=0\) without compromising security. The total secrecy parameter is given by \(\epsilon_{\text{sec}}=2\tilde{\epsilon}+4\tilde{\epsilon}+\epsilon_{\text{PA}}\), where \(\tilde{\epsilon}=\sqrt{\epsilon_{1}+\epsilon_{\epsilon}}\), with \(\epsilon_{1}\) and \(\epsilon_{\epsilon}\) representing the failure probabilities in estimating \(M_{11}^{\mathbb{Z}}\) and \(e_{11}^{Z,\text{ph}}\), respectively. The term \(\epsilon_{\text{PA}}\) denotes the failure probability associated with privacy amplification. By combining Equations (2)-(5), the final secure key length is  
\[\mathbf{L}\leq M_{11}^{\mathbb{Z}}\Big{[}1-h\Big{(}e_{11}^{Z,\text{ph}}\Big{)} \Big{]}-\lambda_{\text{EC}}-\log_{2}\frac{2}{\epsilon_{\text{cor}}}-2\log_{2} \frac{1}{\sqrt{2}\tilde{\epsilon}\epsilon_{\text{PA}}}. \tag{6}\]  
As long as the final key length satisfies Equation (6), the asymmetric MP-QKD protocol is \(\epsilon\)-secure. The finite-key security analysis based on the entropy uncertainty relation method only requires consideration of the statistical fluctuations in observed quantities, without the need to account for additional information leakage. Here, the Chernoff bound [25] is employed to calculate the statistical fluctuations. Given an observed quantity \(\chi\), the upper \(\overline{\chi}\) and lower \(\underline{\chi}\) bounds of the expected value are given by,  
\[ \begin{split}\overline{\chi}=&\chi+\beta+\sqrt{2 \beta\chi+\beta^{2}},\\ \underline{\chi}=&\max\left\{\chi-\frac{\beta}{2}- \sqrt{2\beta\chi+\frac{\beta^{2}}{4}},0\right\},\end{split}  \tag{7}\]  
where \(\beta=\ln\frac{1}{\epsilon_{\text{CB}}}\), and \(\epsilon_{\text{CB}}\) is the failure probability of the Chernoff bound.
# A Comprehensive Survey of the Harmony Search Algorithm in Clustering Applications
## 4 Clustering Applications of the HSA
### Text Clustering Applications  
Text clustering is one of the main well-known problems in the literature [100]. [PERSON] and [PERSON] in [83] proposed a new unsupervised clustering method based on use of the HSA, and assessed the performance of the proposed approach by analyzing its effects. The results showed the effectiveness and production inside the regular clustering for the problem considered. [PERSON] et al. in [58] produced a new hybrid text clustering technique based on the use of the HSA and K-means method. This hybrid method attempts to exploit the capacity of KSA and K-means together. It was reported that the proposed method produced higher results compared with similar methods.  
In [67], [PERSON] et al. proposed a new text clustering method, called CDHS, based on using the crossover with the HSA for enhanced search space exploitation. Furthermore, in this method, crossover (Cr) and mutation (F) are dynamically arranged through generations. Memetic optimization is applied to improve the local search ability of CDHS. Furthermore, CDHS was compared to other similar document clustering techniques, such as HS, DHS, and K-means. The results revealed thatCDHS obtained competitive results. Moreover, CDHS achieved superior results in comparison to various comparable methods.  
Regarding text clustering, HSA has been used for solving text clustering problems in fewer ways. Most of the researches have been conducted using several versions of the HSA to solve text clustering problems, which means that text clustering applications still have a wide space for further investigations and analysis.