## 2 Literature Review  
Many studies and publications have dealt with transport supply and demand. The survey [2] explores whether public transport is available, pointing to essential system quality indicators in the sector. The publication [3] warns about cumbersome passenger traffic inconsistency with its sustainability. Other works examine the involvement of transport networks and optimizing algorithms [4] or periodical means of transport and their optimization [5]. The article [6] tackles multiple traffic restraints, such as intersections or vehicle capacity, using various algorithms and models, whereas the studies [7; 8] analyze implementing empirical designs into transport planning using travel time and traffic levels as interdependent variables. The literature sources [9; 10] emphasize crucial qualitative factors for the selected location. Accurate time and space settings involve an essential attribute for quality public transport. The study [11] argues that slipping behind the timetables harms the reputation of the transport services, while article [12] claims that reliable municipal transit and exact schedules help users better plan their activities. The study [13] presents logistics models of global places, exploring their pros and cons based on secondary analyses of multiple case studies. Another survey [14] investigated public transport, suggesting a mathematical method for iteratively solving the math formulation of the integrated timetable. On the contrary, the publication [15] deals with the connectivity of transport infrastructure, applying transport policies to a specific case study. Analysis [16] unveils relations between perceived mental health and a municipal transport system, illuminating socioeconomic aspects in our research. The experiment [17] expounds upon a scientific model of the public transport system, including buses, trans, and local trains, explaining emergencies in the sector. According to the studies [18; 19], the researchers and companies work on new applications of intelligent transport systems, emphasizing the integrity of transport connectivity, as it has a synergic effect on assessing the quality ratios [20]. In our study, we also involved the consumer demand for travels. The article [21] reflects this variable, exploring developing and growing municipal zones highly susceptible to changes in the transport infrastructure.  
System dynamics dates to the 1950s when [PERSON] from American MIT introduced this method [22]. The system involves standard causal loops and feedback for formulating a system dynamics hypothesis based on qualitative system models. These qualitative designs go through quantitative models (stocks and flow diagrams) for validation.  
The system dynamics was first used in business management, spreading among other spheres such as governmental, regional, or municipal decision-making processes, health care, the automotive industry, or urban planning [23].  
[PERSON] et al. introduced the MARS LUTI concept for quantifying the system dynamics of zoning or transport infrastructure [24]. Experts use the model for feedback on the implementation of zoning projects and assessing their impact, evaluating zoning and traffic planning decisions and their repercussions 30 years in advance. [PERSON] et al. created a regional model based on causal relationships, loops, and feedback, integrating numerous physical, socioeconomic, and political decision-making variables [25]. [PERSON] et al. devised a sophisticated instrument measuring the interaction between the population, registered vehicles, environment, gross national product indicators, and supply and demand in transport [26]. The author applied the model to Dalian Region in PRC.