###### Abstract  
With the increasing scale of infrastructure projects in sectors such as hydraulics and transportation, coupled with the widespread adoption of anchorage support technologies, numerous rock slope anchorage systems have been established. This study proposes a novel stability evaluation methodology for these systems, integrating genetic algorithms with discrete element analysis. The discrete element method is employed to obtain multi-field data related to the rock slope anchorage system, including slope displacement, pre-stress in anchorage structures, and displacement metrics. The genetic algorithm is utilized for efficient optimization, enabling the identification of numerical model parameters that best align with field monitoring data and actual engineering conditions. Based on the results from discrete element analysis, the proposed method assesses the dynamic variation of multi-field data within the rock slope anchorage system, facilitating a comprehensive stability evaluation. The findings indicate that (1) the proposed evaluation method effectively accounts for the interaction between the anchorage structure and the rock slope, ensuring accurate results; (2) the method leverages the discrete element numerical model to quantitatively assess deformation and stress distribution within the system; (3) the integration of genetic algorithms significantly enhances the efficiency of identifying the most representative numerical model, and thereby the efficiency of stability evaluation is improved; and (4) the evaluation framework is capable of performing dynamic analyses of the stability evolution throughout the entire operational lifecycle of the rock slope anchorage system. rock slope; anchor structure; genetic algorithm; discrete element method; stability evaluation 20 March 202528 April 202528 April 20252  
Southwest China. The evaluation of the stability of these systems is critical, as it not only influences the success of engineering projects but also has significant implications for the safety and livelihood of local populations. Numerous studies have been conducted on the stability assessment of rock slope anchoring systems, with a particular emphasis on methods grounded in reliability theory, analytical techniques, finite element analysis, and field-based monitoring and experimental investigations. Regarding the use of reliability theory for evaluating slope stability, [PERSON] [7] employed this approach to calculate the instability probability of rock slopes, applying it to a case study of a high-slope engineering project to assess the stability of slopes reinforced with anchorage. Additionally, [PERSON] [8] introduced a stability evaluation method for anchored slopes based on system reliability analysis (SRA), which incorporates the potential impact of localized failures in anchors and piles on overall system performance. Additionally, point estimation methods (PEMs), the first-order reliability method (FORM), the second-order reliability method (SORM), and Monte Carlo simulation (MCS) have been shown to be both accurate and effective in solving various reliability problems associated with rock slopes [9; 10; 11]. In the evaluation of rock slope anchoring system stability using finite element analysis, [PERSON] [12] developed a frictional contact interface element model for potential sliding surfaces in rock masses and proposed a novel numerical model for pre-stressed anchors. This approach was applied to compute the stability factor of the slope using the finite element direct method. [PERSON] [13] employed the strength reduction method (SRM) in conjunction with finite element software to examine the stability of slopes under reinforcement conditions. [PERSON] [14] utilized FLAC 3D numerical simulation software to evaluate the reliability of support designs and assess slope stability, based on changes in shear strain and displacement.