# Comprehensive Survey on VLC in E-Healthcare: Channel Coding Schemes and Modulation Techniques
## 5 Integration of VLC in Healthcare Environments  
This section examines the pragmatic application of VLC systems within healthcare environments, taking into account the obstacles presented by diverse lighting conditions, patient mobility, and the coexistence of various wireless technologies. The healthcare sector has the potential to gain advantages from the implementation of secure and safeguarded conditions by employing VLC data transfer technology. The aforementioned mode of transmission demonstrates characteristics that are favorable to users and environmentally conscientious, providing a practical and economically efficient resolution [76]. Within the context of VLC healthcare ICU monitoring systems, it is imperative to maintain a consistent emphasis on the health status of patients and to ensure the regular updating of their health information by medical professionals. Therefore, it is  
Figure 2: Schematic diagram of the VLC system with RLL Code. imperative to find a viable solution to tackling these issues, and VideoLAN Client VLC emerges as a highly promising technology for meeting these requirements [77]. Additionally, a separate research investigation examined the utilization of VLC wireless systems, presenting a novel conceptual framework for the integration of medical healthcare data. This study conducted a comparison of the energy efficiency of the visible-light-emitting diodes that were employed [78]. The mobile health-monitoring system, which is based on VLC technology, utilizes visible light as a medium for transmitting biological signals and patient data. Modifying the size of data packets has the potential to improve the dependability of transmitting information, hence enabling the feasibility of portable patient monitoring on mobile devices. The transmission of electrocardiogram (ECG) and photoplethysmogram (PPG) data facilitates the assessment of heart rate and blood pressure, with the aid of an emergency alert feature implemented on an Android platform. Real-time experiments demonstrate the simultaneous monitoring and evaluation of heart rate and arterial blood pressure. The technology utilizes a communication technique that does not pose any risks and a portable device, hence improving the safety and quality of healthcare services. There was a requirement for the integration of a user-friendly health monitoring system that facilitates the transmission of biological signals, real-time data signal transfer, alarms, data analysis, and implementation [79]. The study was conducted to analyze the overall performance of hybrid VLC-RF systems in e-health medical applications, specifically focusing on the implementation of the decode-and-forward relay technique. The system offers robust connectivity options that provide seamless access to patient information for hospitals and laboratories. Therefore, an examination of many factors about the cumulative distribution function (CDF) and probability density function (PDF) of the end-to-end SNR of the system was conducted, to derive the analytical equation for the BER of VLC and RF communication systems [80]. Moreover, it should be noted that VLC systems necessitate a continuous source of illumination to maintain network connectivity, which has the potential to disrupt the rest of the patients. The issue can be resolved by reducing the intensity of the light, which enables the transfer of data while maintaining the appearance of being switched off. Various levels of dimming facilitate efficient data transfer. Therefore, VLC technology demonstrates suitability for the transmission of medical information. VLC technology in medical settings provides effective wireless communication and illumination, using the benefits of LED technology, such as energy efficiency, robustness, and high luminosity. In the realm of e-health services, medical data transmission now relies on the utilization of existing RF networks.