## 3 Research Methodology
### Working on the Proposed Protocol  
UAVs are divided into CH (CH) and client. CH always flies above the clients at a fixed height and controls the client. In this paper, the UE is a mobile phone, which used the aerial base backbone network to transmit information. The UE (Mobile) is spread over the ground because of terrain limitations. UAVs are considered to be equipped with omnidirectional antennas for transmitting and receiving signals in a highly mobile environment. There is more than one CH that provides stability and connection toward BS. Scanning and detecting the mobile in the disaster area is a major task in disaster times. After detecting and scanning the area, providing communication in the area is also important. The scanning area helps in providing the communication and deployment of communication drones. The work is divided into two parts, scanning of the area and providing communication in the area. In the scanning part, the detection and the calculating the total affected area are carried out. The providing of communication and monitoring of the area is achieved with the help of a Wi-Fi hotspot/antennas for providing communication toward ground users and a camera for monitoring the ground conditions. (i). Part I: Scanning of Disaster Affected Area: Disaster causes loss of life. Disasters are classified as either natural disasters or artificial disasters. If a disaster happens, then one of the most important tasks is to scan the area, which helps in calculating the total affected area. Through scanning, the detection task will be performed. Afterward, the next step is hovering drones, in which the scanning of area and detection of UE are carried out; this step achieves the exact location of UE. a. Hovering UAV: Unmanned aerial vehicles start flying from the base station (BS) toward the disaster area. The UAV is mainly divided into two categories, (i) CH (CH) and (ii) worker UAV (client). CH mainly focuses on the data gathering from its workers (client), data transferring and data filtering. By using a target recognition sensor, the client's UAV hovers over the disaster region and detects the user equipment's (UE) mobile capable connectivity. CH constantly forwards its location to the nearest CH to avoid redundancy of the data. UAV uses the flocking model, which has some desirable properties and helps UAVs in separation, alignment, cohesion, and obstacle avoidance. The algorithm of hovering UAVs is given in Algorithm 1. The algorithm shows the creation of the CH and the connectivity of UAV. The flow diagram of the CH of the hovering UAVs is shown in Figure 3.  
b. Environmental Hazards: During the flight, a drone should possess some properties, such as the ability to avoid obstacles (trees, buildings, etc. ); obstacle avoidance is also important during UAV flight in order to avoid collision with other UAVs. We assume that the drone flies at some height and automatically avoids the obstacles in the disaster area. ```
Input Model: Disaster location Output Model: Total damage area with No of UE. Disaster Area \(\leftarrow\) UAV; Scanning\(\leftarrow\) UAV; UAV \(\leftarrow\) Find UE (target recognition sensor) if (UE!= found && Disaster Area = true) ; Drop sensor and fly forward if else (UE == Found! | UE == connected) ; UE connected == yes ; Move forward if else (UE!= connected); UAV \(\leftarrow\) location (X,Y) UE;  Broadcast the CH Request; if else (CH == found); Forward the information plus location, else UAV \(\leftarrow\) CH; UAV broadcast client request; End if
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**Algorithm 1**Creation of CH Algorithm. In Algorithm 1, every five drones have one CH, which is also known as the sleeping drone, as shown in Figure 3. The CH provides communication, data transferring, and data mining. The sleeping drone (CH) comes to work whenever the power or battery of one drone is below the threshold, so the CH will replace it. Hovering drones contains dual power; they use solar power as well as batteries. In the daytime, the drones work on solar power, which gives them a longer life.