## 7 Conclusions  
This review addressed the performance analysis from ICBP to AP with by-products such as coconut fibers and recycled materials from civil construction, regarding mechanical, sustainability, permeability, design, and LCA characteristics. The authors worked extensively in AP with by-products [21; 51; 52; 62; 64; 65; 66; 104; 124], and are recently searching to involve ICBP with by-products [8] in practical solutions for urban light-traffic pavements. These years of work in paving technologies have induced the need to make available more sustainable solutions, and have justified the present review. Based on mechanical performance, some mixture parameters, e.g., aggregate packing, and mixing temperature, can improve the properties of AC and CPBs, such as stiffness, fatigue resistance, and fc. Furthermore, applying recycled aggregates from CDW and coconut fibers in CPBs and AC is technically possible, which provides environmental and economic benefits for the company responsible for pavement construction. Based on the pavement's sustainability, studies about HIE have shown that CPBs absorb less thermal energy due to a higher albedo than AC, which contributes to lower temperatures. In addition, as concrete for CPBs has pores in its structure, the pollutants can be retained inside the ICBP surface layer using filtration, sedimentation, and microbial removal. Concerning the pavements' permeability, as most conventional APs are impervious, a solution involved applying porous pavement (ICBP), which is considered to be a cost-effective stormwater management practice. According to the structural designs of pavements, because a fully equal performance of ICBP and AP is almost impossible, it is necessary to develop software for each structure. Regarding the pavement evaluation based on the LCA outputs, ICBP technology is an attractive alternative for light traffic in terms of the maintenance costs. This review allows for the following direct inferences:  
* Mix parameters (Section 2.1): fc was increased by 156% for CPB with appropriate packing optimization. Gyratory compaction was enough for an adequate air void range (3-5%) for AC, according to studies found in the literature. Furthermore, a higher mixing temperature led to a lower clustering of RAP in an AC, which contributed to a more isotropic spatial distribution of the aggregates, and then better AC mechanical and durability properties;
* Influence of by-products (Section 2.2): For AC with RCAs, alternative mixes showed 13-45% higher results for the tests of Marshall stability than the control mix, according to studies found in the literature. Furthermore, applying fibers contributed to a 10.52% increase in fc and a 45% increase in abrasion resistance for CPB, according to research in the literature;  
Figure 20: Summary of the scenarios for runoff reduction, environmental enhancement, and cost savings compared to the baseline scenario with AP (adapted from [132]). * HIE effect (Section 3.1): ICBP was approximately cooler than AP by 2.2-15.0 \({}^{\circ}\)C, based on studies found in the literature, which implied that reflective pavement mitigated the HIE and improved human thermal comfort. However, ICBP might show a faster temperature rise when the surrounding buildings absorb the reflected solar radiation using ICBP;
* Contaminant concentrations (Section 3.2): ICBP and AP had the most effective contaminant removal rates for Pb (70-98%) and Fe (64-90%), but NO\({}_{2}\) + NO\({}_{3}\)\({}^{-}\) (nitrogen oxides) concentrations in the AP infiltrates were 32% lower than in ICBP, according to studies found in the literature. Then, for better ICBP construction practices, the riparian buffer was highlighted for denitrification;
* Stormwater management (Section 4): The runoff reduction by permeable pavements averaged 35% to 41% in SWMM simulations, but the rate decreased when the rainfall intensity increased, based on studies found in the literature.