## 1 Introduction
Studies have indicated that these compounds can inhibit pro-inflammatory mediators, modulate immune responses, and exert protective effects in various tissues [18]. In vitro studies have shown that linalool effectively inhibits the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, specifically TNF-\(\alpha\) (tumor necrosis factor-alpha) and IL-1\(\beta\) (interleukin-1 beta), in macrophages. These cytokines play a crucial role in mediating inflammation, and their overproduction is linked to various inflammatory disorders [19; 20]. Additionally, research involving a murine microglial cell line known as BV2 has further demonstrated linalool's efficacy in diminishing not only TNF-\(\alpha\) and IL-1\(\beta\) but also other inflammatory mediators such as nitric oxide and prostaglandin E2. The modulation of these inflammatory factors suggests that linalool may have broader implications for neuroinflammation and conditions affecting the central nervous system, providing a potential avenue for therapeutic exploration in neurodegenerative diseases [21]. Moreover, in vivo studies conducted in animal models have provided compelling evidence of linalool's protective effects in various inflammatory scenarios. Both intraperitoneal and subcutaneous administration of linalool have been shown to mitigate lung injury induced by endotoxins, as well as by the Gram-negative bacterium Pasteurella multocida, in mice. This is particularly noteworthy given the increasing prevalence of respiratory infections and related inflammatory conditions in both humans and animals [22]. The therapeutic effects of linalool in these contexts are further reflected in the decreased concentrations of inflammatory markers such as TNF-\(\alpha\) and IL-6 in lung tissue [23]. These findings underscore the potential of linalool as a promising anti-inflammatory agent [24]. Other significant terpenoids are pinenes--\(\alpha\)-pinene and \(\beta\)-pinene--which are plant-derived compounds with various biological activities such as antifungal, antiviral, and antimicrobial properties [25]. However, their bioavailability is limited due to their rapid metabolism and elimination from the body [26]. While some studies have explored the biological effects of \(\alpha\)-pinene and \(\beta\)-pinene, further research is needed to better understand their bioavailability and potential health benefits, including their antimicrobial, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, and antiallergic effects [27]. This suggests a promising potential for terpenoids to be harnessed as effective anti-inflammatory agents in the quest for safer therapeutic options [28]. The anti-inflammatory properties of monoterrenes, which demonstrate bioactivity in experimental models related to inflammation, have been thoroughly studied [29]. The data suggest that this class of compounds has therapeutic potential as a source for developing new anti-inflammatory agents [30]. Therefore, these substances deserve the attention of researchers and pharmaceutical companies for further clinical studies and potential applications in the treatment of diseases associated with inflammatory processes. Understanding the mechanisms of inflammation can lead to more effective treatments. In this context, computer-assisted prediction plays a crucial role by enabling researchers to analyze the biological activity of compounds like terpenes [31]. By utilizing advanced computational techniques, scientists can investigate the complex interactions between these natural products and biological targets, which accelerates drug discovery. This streamlined process not only enhances our understanding of the therapeutic potential of these compounds but also provides a safer and more efficient pathway to develop treatments for chronic diseases associated with inflammation. Overall, the interplay between inflammation and chronic disease emphasizes the importance of understanding the underlying mechanisms of the inflammatory response and the potential of natural products such as terpenes in establishing effective, safer treatment strategies.