## 1 Introduction  
Human innovation and design are inextricably linked to nature, as it serves as an important source of inspiration and wisdom for human creativity. Ecological constructs are consistently produced with minimal energy consumption. Through long-term natural selection and evolution, organisms have been adapting to their natural environments via more complete internal organs and structures to withstand collisions and shock loads under complex conditions [1; 2; 3; 4; 5]. Therefore, humans draw inspiration from the bio-inspired structures or materials of organisms to design materials with better performance by imitating their biological morphology, structure, and control principles [6; 7]. In recent years, natural biomimicry has provided direction (shape/structure) for lightweight design in various ways [8; 9; 10]. For instance, researchers have been inspired by biomimetic structures, such as spider webs, to design lightweight energy absorbers using fractal hierarchical hexagonal structures [11]. They found that increasing the hierarchy and fractality can improve energy absorption efficiency, resulting in better collision protection. [PERSON] et al. extracted structural characteristics from the teeth of _Odontodactylus scyllarus_ to create a new lightweight biomimetic double-sine wave corrugated (DSC) sandwich structure with excellent impact resistance and durability, which can be improved by adjusting the slope of the sine wave and layering [12]. [PERSON] et al. also drew inspiration from the internal structure of ladybug elytra to create a new biomimetic double-tube thin-walled structure (BBTS), which can improve energy absorption performance through adjustments to the thickness of the inner wall and cross-sectional configuration for better material protection [13]. In another study, [PERSON] et al. proposed four types of biomimetic foam-filled thin-walled structures based on typical straw structures (corn stalks and reeds). Nine out of twelve biomimetic samples had superior energy absorption capacity compared to their corresponding fully filled samples, and designs featuring four square holes and four conical holes achieved better energy absorption effects [14]. These biomimetic designs are based on the structural features and shapes of biological organisms and involve principles like hierarchy, fractals, sine wave corrugations, multi-channel structures, foam filling, and cavity design. Applying these principles through material selection, structural optimization, and process improvement can ultimately lead to better performance and results. Owing to its advantages of light weight, low manufacturing cost, and high energy absorption efficiency [15; 16; 17; 18], lightweight structures, especially thin-walled tube structures, have become an important trend in the development of modern industrial technology. They are widely used in aerospace, automotive and military equipment, among other fields [19; 20; 21]. For example, [PERSON] et al. designed a variable thickness structure (VTS) inspired by the thickness and node spacing gradient in bamboo growth direction and studied its energy absorption performance. The results demonstrated that the optimal VTS outperformed the circular tube in terms of energy absorption, with an improvement of 7.48% in crushing force efficiency and a 19.3% reduction in weight [22]. [PERSON] et al. studied biomimetic graded-circle thin-walled structures under plane extrusion load through drop hammer tests, numerical simulations, and theoretical analysis. Inspired by the microstructure of bamboo vascular bundles, they proposed a biomimetic honeycomb tube-nested structure (BHTNS) and found that the specific energy absorption of BHTNS reached up to 29.3 J/g, providing a reference for efficient energy absorber design [23]. [PERSON] et al. proposed a set of biomimetic multi-cellular tubes (BMCT) with quadrilateral, hexagonal, and octagonal cross-sections, constructed by filling cylindrical tubes into different positions of the multi-cellular tubes.