# Lessons for Coastal Applications of IMTA as a Way towards Sustainable Development: A Review
## 4 Candidate Species for Coastal IMTA
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{l l l} \hline \hline \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Extractive/Additional Species**} & **Fed Species** & **Reference** \\ \hline \hline \multicolumn{2}{l}{Algae} & \\ \hline \multicolumn{2}{l}{_Gracilaria chouae_} & \multicolumn{2}{l}{_Sparus macrocephalus_ (black sea bream)} & [85] \\ \multicolumn{2}{l}{_Laminaria saccharina_} & \multicolumn{2}{l}{_Salmo salar_ (Atlantic salmon)} \\ \multicolumn{2}{l}{_Gracilaria_ sp.} & \multicolumn{2}{l}{_Feneropenaeus indicus_} & [6] \\ \multicolumn{2}{l}{_Gracilaria_ sp.} & \multicolumn{2}{l}{fish (not specified)} & [83] \\ \multicolumn{2}{l}{_Kappaphycus alvarezii_} & \multicolumn{2}{l}{_Rachycentron caudum_ (cobia)} & [6] \\ \multicolumn{2}{l}{_Chaetomorpha linum_} & \multicolumn{2}{l}{_Dicentrarchus labrax_ (European sea bass)} & [82] \\ \multicolumn{2}{l}{_Gracilaria bursa-pastoris_} & \multicolumn{2}{l}{_Sparus aurata_ (sea bream)} & [86] \\ \hline \multicolumn{2}{l}{Bivalves} & \\ \hline \multicolumn{2}{l}{_Mytilus edulis_ (blue mussel)} & \multicolumn{2}{l}{_Salmo salar_ (Atlantic salmon)} & [86] \\ \multicolumn{2}{l}{_Dicentrarchus labrax_ (sea bass)} & \multicolumn{2}{l}{_Dicentrarchus_ _labrax_ (sea bass)} \\ \multicolumn{2}{l}{_Mytilus galloprovincialis_} & \multicolumn{2}{l}{_Sparus aurata_ (sea bream)} & [87] \\ \multicolumn{2}{l}{_Mytilus galloprovincialis_} & \multicolumn{2}{l}{fish (not specified)} & [84] \\ \hline \multicolumn{2}{l}{Echinoderms} & \\ \multicolumn{2}{l}{_Apostichcupus japonicus_ (sea cucumber)} & \multicolumn{2}{l}{Red sea bream} & [88] \\ \multicolumn{2}{l}{_Apostichcupus japonicus_ (sea cucumber)} & \multicolumn{2}{l}{fish (not specified)} & [83] \\ \multicolumn{2}{l}{_Parasticbupus californicus_ (sea cucumber)} & \multicolumn{2}{l}{_Anoplopoma fimbria_ (sable fish)} & [89] \\ \multicolumn{2}{l}{_Cucumaria fondose_ (sea cucumber)} & \multicolumn{2}{l}{_Salmo salar_ (Atlantic salmon)} & [90] \\ \multicolumn{2}{l}{_Australostichcupus mollis_ (sea cucumber)} & \multicolumn{2}{l}{_Perna canaliculus_ (green-lipped mussel)} & [91] \\ \hline \multicolumn{2}{l}{Decapods} & \\ \hline \multicolumn{2}{l}{_Homarus gammarus_ (European lobster)} & \multicolumn{2}{l}{_Salmo salar_ (Atlantic salmon)} & [92] \\ \hline \multicolumn{2}{l}{Polychaetes} & \\ \hline \multicolumn{2}{l}{_Sabella spallanzanii_} & \multicolumn{2}{l}{_Dicentrarchus labrax_ (European sea bass)} & [93] \\ \multicolumn{2}{l}{_Sabella spallanzanii_} & \multicolumn{2}{l}{_Dicentrarchus labrax_ (European sea bass)} & [82] \\ \multicolumn{2}{l}{_Sparus aurata_ (sea bream)} & \multicolumn{2}{l}{[82]} \\ \multicolumn{2}{l}{_Marphysa_ sp. (mud polychaete)} & \multicolumn{2}{l}{fish (not specified)} & [94] \\ \hline \multicolumn{2}{l}{Sponges} & \\ \hline \multicolumn{2}{l}{_Hymenicalon perlevis_} & \multicolumn{2}{l}{fish (not specified)} & [84] \\ \multicolumn{2}{l}{_Sarcotragus spinosulus_} & \multicolumn{2}{l}{_Dicentrarchus labrax_ (European sea bass)} & [82] \\ \multicolumn{2}{l}{_Sparus aurata_ (sea bream)} & \multicolumn{2}{l}{[83]} \\ \multicolumn{2}{l}{_Halisarca cerulea_} & \multicolumn{2}{l}{fish (not specified)} & [83] \\ \hline \multicolumn{2}{l}{Fish} & \\ \hline \multicolumn{2}{l}{_Mugil cephalus_ (grey mullet)} & \multicolumn{2}{l}{_Sparus aurata_ (gilthead sea bream)} & [95] \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 2: Examples of species at low trophic levels investigated as extractive or additional species alongside fed species in IMTA experiments.