## 3 Results and Discussion
### Occurrence of PhACs in the Five WWTPs and Surface Waters
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c c c c c} \hline \hline \multirow{3}{*}{**PhACs**} & \multicolumn{8}{c}{**Acidic Method**} \\ \cline{2-11}  & \multicolumn{4}{c}{**Upstream (ug/L)**} & \multicolumn{8}{c}{**Downstream (ug/L)**} \\ \cline{2-11}  & **Min** & **Max** & **Med** & **Pos (\%)** & **Freq** & **Min** & **Max** & **Med** & **Pos (\%)** & **Freq** \\ \hline ATN & 0.046 & 0.22 & 0.15 & 36 & 1 & 0.042 & 0.23 & 0.13 & 53 & 1.8 \\ APAP & 0.048 & 0.26 & 0.076 & 36 & 1 & 0.045 & 0.20 & 0.12 & 12 & 0.4 \\ SDZ & — & — & — & 0 & 0 & — & — & — & 0 & 0 \\ SPD & 0.044 & 0.13 & 0.084 & 27 & 0.75 & 0.043 & 0.18 & 0.079 & 59 & 2 \\ CAF & 0.057 & 0.39 & 0.15 & 100 & 2.75 & 0.041 & 3.1 & 0.11 & 100 & 3.4 \\ SMX & 0.044 & 0.087 & 0.070 & 36 & 1 & 0.043 & 0.23 & 0.095 & 71 & 2.4 \\ MTPL & 0.068 & 0.068 & 0.068 & 9 & 0.25 & 0.043 & 0.073 & 0.060 & 18 & 0.6 \\ PPNL & 0.077 & 0.077 & 0.077 & 9 & 0.25 & 0.035 & 0.073 & 0.054 & 24 & 0.8 \\ CTS & — & — & — & 0 & 0 & — & — & — & 0 & 0 \\ CBZ & 0.043 & 0.47 & 0.22 & 45 & 1.25 & 0.044 & 1.3 & 0.29 & 94 & 3.2 \\ CFA & — & — & — & 0 & 0 & — & — & — & 0 & 0 \\ NPX & 0.053 & 1.0 & 0.071 & 64 & 1.75 & 0.036 & 0.34 & 0.11 & 76 & 2.6 \\ GTD & — & — & — & 0 & 0 & — & — & — & 53 & 1.8 \\ TTE & — & — & — & 0 & 0 & — & — & — & 12 & 0.4 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 4: Minimum (Min), maximum (Max), and median (Med) PhACs concentrations. Percentage of positive results (Pos (%)) and frequency (Freq) in the upstream and downstream of five WWTPs of the Évora district. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c c c c c} \hline \hline \multirow{3}{*}{**PhACs**} & \multicolumn{8}{c}{**Acidic Method**} \\ \cline{2-11}  & \multicolumn{4}{c}{**Influent (ug/L)**} & \multicolumn{8}{c}{**Effluent (ug/L)**} \\ \cline{2-11}  & **Min** & **Max** & **Med** & **Pos (\%)** & **Freq** & **Min** & **Max** & **Med** & **Pos (\%)** & **Freq** \\ \hline ATN & 0.076 & 3.1 & 0.92 & 100 & 4.8 & 0.067 & 0.24 & 0.15 & 88 & 4.2 \\ APAP & 27.2 & 414 & 115 & 96 & 4.6 & 0.048 & 8.4 & 0.18 & 50 & 2.4 \\ SDZ & 0.044 & 0.044 & 0.044 & 4 & 0.2 & — & — & — & 0 & 0 \\ SPD & 0.036 & 2.9 & 0.17 & 88 & 4.2 & 0.041 & 0.22 & 0.087 & 54 & 2.6 \\ CAF & 4.2 & 160 & 40.9 & 100 & 4.8 & 0.043 & 39.2 & 0.17 & 100 & 4.8 \\ SMX & 0.039 & 4.1 & 0.31 & 96 & 4.6 & 0.054 & 0.44 & 0.096 & 92 & 4.4 \\ MTPL & 0.051 & 0.19 & 0.079 & 38 & 1.8 & 0.044 & 0.078 & 0.052 & 21 & 1 \\ PPNL & 0.049 & 0.18 & 0.10 & 75 & 3.6 & 0.039 & 0.074 & 0.051 & 50 & 2.4 \\ CTS & 0.076 & 0.43 & 0.12 & 67 & 3.2 & — & — & — & 0 & 0 \\ CBZ & 0.084 & 1.6 & 0.30 & 100 & 4.8 & 0.078 & 1.3 & 0.36 & 100 & 4.8 \\ CFA & — & — & — & 0 & 0 & — & — & — & 0 & 0 \\ TPX & — & — & — & 0 & 0 & — & — & — & 0 & 0 \\ TTE & 0.030 & 0.083 & 0.051 & 50 & 2.4 & — & — & — & 0 & 0 \\ \hline \hline \multicolumn{11}{c}{**Basic method**} \\ \hline BZF & 0.058 & 1.7 & 0.67 & 50 & 2.4 & 0.047 & 0.38 & 0.089 & 38 & 1.8 \\ IBUP & 0.35 & 37.1 & 12.1 & 100 & 4.8 & 0.071 & 10.8 & 0.32 & 42 & 2 \\ DCF & 0.32 & 5.2 & 1.69 & 100 & 4.8 & 0.047 & 4.0 & 1.6 & 100 & 4.8 \\ E1 & — & — & — & 0 & 0 & — & — & — & 0 & 0 \\ E3 & — & — & — & 0 & 0 & — & — & — & 0 & 0 \\ E2 & — & — & — & 0 & 0 & — & — & — & 0 & 0 \\ DES & — & — & — & 0 & 0 & — & — & — & 0 & 0 \\ ERT & 0.095 & 0.29 & 0.17 & 13 & 0.6 & 0.086 & 0.15 & 0.099 & 17 & 0.8 \\ FLX & — & — & — & 0 & 0 & — & — & — & 0 & 0 \\ CLR & 0.15 & 0.94 & 0.26 & 13 & 0.6 & — & — & — & 0 & 0 \\ AZM & 0.13 & 0.48 & 0.15 & 17 & 0.8 & 0.11 & 0.12 & 0.11 & 8 & 0.4 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 3: Minimum (Min), maximum (Max), and median (Med) PhACs concentrations. Percentage of positive results (Pos (%)) and frequency (Freq) in the influent and effluent of five WWTPs of the Évora district. Regarding PhACs occurrence in target WWTPs, 18 and 14 out of the 26 PhACs analyzed were quantified in influents and effluents, respectively (Table 3). Eight PhACs (CFA, GTD, E1, E2, E3, EE2, DES, and FLX) were not quantified in both wastewaters. Four PhACs were only quantified in influents, namely, sulfadiazine, cortisone, testosterone, and clarithromycin.