# Competition with the Industrial IoT: A Service-Dominant Logic Approach
## 1 Introduction
### Coopetition Networks for Value Co-Creation  
S-D Logic represents a paradigm shift from the traditional goods-dominant logic, which emphasizes tangible products, to focus on service as the fundamental basis of economic exchange and value creation [12]. Introduced by [PERSON] and [PERSON] in 2004, this perspective has evolved into a comprehensive narrative that views economic activities through the lens of service-for-service exchanges within service ecosystems [13]. These ecosystems are orchestrated by institutions endogenously generated by the actors, underscoring value creation's collaborative nature [14]. Central to S-D Logic is the reconceptualization of exchange and value co-creation as primarily occurring through the provision of service, understood singularly rather than as multiple intangible outputs. In this context, service is defined as applying competencies (skills and knowledge) to benefit another entity or the entity itself, positioning resource integration as the cornerstone of value co-creation [15]. This perspective highlights that services can be exchanged directly, such as through personal interactions, or indirectly, via goods, which serve as vehicles for service delivery.  
According to recent insights from [PERSON] et al. (2023a), adopting a systems viewpoint allows for conceptualizing markets and marketing phenomena as inherently relational, dynamic, and emergent. From these insights, technology is viewed as a crucial resource for networks, referred to as an increasing enabler of innovation [11], and technological advancements are viewed as enablers for firms' interactions [16], pushing networks to co-create more value for actors [12].  
The various contributions in the literature underscore the role of S-D Logic in dissecting a wide range of empirical scenarios and enriching our theoretical comprehension of value co-creation processes [10]. Aligning with the S-D Logic premises, the discourse within the business literature increasingly recognizes coopetition networks as strategic, technology-supported networks [4]. This perspective positions technology not merely as a tool but as a central element that functions as an operant resource (initiator) and an operand resource (enabler). This dual role facilitates the formation of shared understandings among collective actors within ecosystems, enhancing collaboration and competitive advantage [17].  
Under this view, technology's operant role in coopetition networks involves initiating new interactions and engagements, catalyzing value creation and exchange [15]. As an operand resource, technology is an enabler that supports these interactions, allowing for the seamless integration and utilization of resources across the network [18]. This nuancedrole of technology underscores its critical importance in fostering an environment where businesses can collaborate and compete effectively.  
This evolving understanding of technology's role in coopetition networks signals a significant shift towards more collaborative and adaptive networks. It highlights the necessity of rethinking traditional competition paradigms and advocates for a more integrated approach that embraces the complexities and opportunities of the digital age.