## 2 Materials and Methods
### Key Phytoconstituents Transfer into Solid Residue from Seeds
The antioxidant capacity transfer into the solid residues from the _Nigella_ seeds is illustrated in Table 3 and Figures 2 and 3. In the seeds from various genotypes, the values of FRAP ranged between 868.7 and 1138.7 mg TE/100 g of seed in our earlier study [18]. Interestingly, the FRAP transferred to the solid residue was observed to range from 633.3-777.8 mg TE/100 g of seed, accounting for 65.4-75.7% of the overall FRAP reported in their seeds (Table 3 and Figure 2). Similarly, the values of CUPRAC in those seeds varied from 3487.5-4159.0 mg TE/100 g of seed [18]. The CUPRAC transferred from seed to the respective solid residue ranged from 2945.7-3764.0 mg TE/100 g of seed, representing 84.5-90.4% of the overall CUPRAC reported in their seeds (Table 3 and Figure 3). When comparing the FRAP and CUPRAC transfer from seeds of different genotypes to the resulting oils and solid residues, the transfer values for both were significantly higher in the solid residues. The transfer values in the oils from the seeds were recorded as only 7.1-11.7% for FRAP and 1.5-2.3% for CUPRAC, respectively, in our previous study [19]. Overall, this study observed a substantial transfer of both TPC and antioxidant capacity into the screw-pressed solid residue from _Nigella_ seeds. Furthermore, this study observed a similar pattern of FRAP and CUPRAC transfer from seeds to their respective solid residues when comparing the current study's findings (Table 1) with the values of FRAP and CUPRAC reported in our earlier study for seeds [18], despite varying transfer rates among genotypes--65.4-75.7% for FRAP and 84.5-90.4% for CUPRAC. Generally, seeds with higher FRAP or CUPRAC values resulted in solid residues with correspondingly higher values, and seeds with lower FRAP or CUPRAC values resulted in solid residues with correspondingly lower values. This pattern of transfer was also visible while comparing the FRAP and CUPRAC of seeds and their resultant oil in our previous study [19]. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c c} \hline \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**Nigella**} & \multicolumn{6}{c}{**Pityoconstituents Transfer (\%) into Solid Residue from Seeds**} \\ \cline{2-7}  & **Transferred** & **Transferred** & **Transferred** & **Transferred** & **Transferred** & **Transferred** & **Transferred** \\  & **TPC\%** & **FRAP\%** & **CUPRAC\%** & **TQ\%** & **SFA\%** & **MUFA\%** & **PUFA\%** \\ \hline AVTKS#1 & \(78.1\pm 4.2\,\text{\SIUnitSymbolDegree}\) & \(72.5\pm 6.7\,\text{\SIUnitSymbolDegree}\) & \(87.7\pm 6.0\,\text{\SIUnitSymbolDegree}\) & \(17.7\pm 0.9\,\text{\SIUnitSymbolDegree}\) & \(8.9\pm 1.2\,\text{\SIUnitSymbolDegree}\) & \(12.3\pm 1.2\,\text{\SIUnitSymbolDegree}\) & \(7.4\pm 1.4\,\text{\SIUnitSymbolDegree}\) \\ AVTKS\#2 & \(85.4\pm 5.1\,\text{\SIUnitSymbolDegree}\) & \(73.0\pm 4.9\,\text{\SIUnitSymbolDegree}\) & \(88.0\pm 9.1\,\text{\SIUnitSymbolDegree}\) & \(17.8\pm 3.0\,\text{\SIUnitSymbolDegree}\) & \(7.7\pm 0.3\,\text{\SIUnitSymbolDegree}\) & \(16.6\pm 1.0\,\text{\SIUnitSymbolDegree}\) & \(7.1\pm 1.1\,\text{\SIUnitSymbolDegree}\) \\ AVTKS\#3 & \(85.3\pm 7.9\,\text{\SIUnitSymbolDegree}\) & \(68.5\pm 5.3\,\text{\SIUnitSymbolDegree}\) & \(89.9\pm 7.1\,\text{\SIUnitSymbolDegree}\) & \(17.6\pm 2.6\,\text{\SIUnitSymbolDegree}\) & \(7.9\pm 0.6\,\text{\SIUnitSymbolDegree}\) & \(17.0\pm 2.8\,\text{\SIUnitSymbolDegree}\) & \({}^{\text{\text{\  
Furthermore, our study also highlighted the TQ transfer level in the _Nigella_ solid residues obtained from the seeds of different genotypes. Our earlier study reported a TQ level of these seeds in a range between 675.8 and 1118.6 mg/100 g of seed [18]. While investigating the respective solid residues of these seeds in the current study, the TQ level ranged between 119.7 and 198.3 mg/100 g of seed, representing 15.9% to 19.3% of the overall TQ in their seeds (Table 3 and Figure 4).