# Vehicle Cooperative Network Model Based on Hypergraph in Vehicular Fog Computing
## 1 Introduction  
VANETs is considered to be an important part of the future intelligent transportation system [1], they support a variety of mobile services, from content sharing (such as advertising and entertainment) to information dissemination services (such as emergency operations, natural disasters and terrorist attacks). The Internet of Vehicles ensures driving safety by exchanging valuable information, improving traffic efficiency, and improving traffic conditions [2]. Over the past decade, with the advent of more advanced devices and technologies such as cellular networks and cloud computing [3], automotive networking and related applications have grown significantly. With the development of Internet technology, more and more vehicular applications [4], such as augmented reality (AR) [5], automatic driving, etc. involve complex data processing and storage operations, which require a higher level of data communication, computing, and storage. This poses a huge challenge to existing traditional vehicle networks, especially in terms of communication and computing resources [6]. In order to meet this growing demand for communication and computing, scholars have proposed to introduce advanced technologies, such as cloud computing and cellular networks, into the VANETs. Using the vehicle cloud as a data center and enhanced processing resources is an attractive idea [7]. In the traditional cloud computing-based network structure, these data need to be uploaded from the vehicle to the cloud via a wireless network, and the cloud performs data processing and analysis before returning the processing results to the vehicle. Data upload processing will increase the transmission delay of the task. The influx of massive data will inevitably lead to queuing of services, which will leadto higher network delays. For vehicles that are using autonomous driving in the Internet of Vehicles, high latency is likely to cause serious traffic accidents. Cellular network can provide limited enhanced communication, mainly controlled by network operators, which is inefficient from the application point of view [8]. Mobile cloud computing can bring rich computing resources to mobile users [9], but it is costly and time consuming to upload real-time information [10]. Fog computing can effectively solve the above problems, by deploying a fog server with storage and computing near the user to receive and process user data [11]. The deployment location of the fog server is closer to the user, which can save a lot of data transmission time. The deployment of fog computing nodes in the connected vehicle network has become a popular trend in the research of VANETs. We finally proposed a novel concept of vehicular fog computing (VFC), which uses vehicles as infrastructure to make full use of vehicular communication and computing resources. Specifically, VFC is an architecture that has cloud-based features and provides data, computing, storage and application services to end users. VFC is also differentiated from other existing technologies by being close to end users, and having dense geographical distribution and support for mobility; its bottom layer consists of cooperative vehicles, so that the vehicle is both a fog computing provider and a vehicular fog computing user. It can use computing resources nearby and reduce the use of communication resources. In the fog computing architecture, vehicles and mobile devices are end users, and there is a fog server layer between these edge users and the cloud. The low-level equipment of vehicular fog computing vehicles has high-speed moving characteristics. The stability of the network formed between vehicles needs further research [12]. Therefore, a collaborative and distributed computing architecture that uses vehicles as fog computing resource nodes is first introduced. This architecture makes full use of the resources of fog nodes and collaboration between vehicles.