# A Review on Augmented Reality in Education and Geography: State of the Art and Perspectives
## 7 Future Developments
Through this, the professors can make their lessons more dynamic and could improve the attention span of the students. Also, the teachers would be able to present to the students more information, and thus, it would be easier for them to remember different information about the topic discussed. Regarding the students, they would be more involved in the subject, and they would work better in teams to find different answers to questions asked by their professor. Therefore, the grades for the geography subject would be improved, and the bonding between the class colleagues would improve. Also, the material used by the AR Sandbox can be changed to kinetic sand, as this material is very easy to model and does not create any mess. The kinetic sand is a type of play sand that is composed out of sand coated with silicone oil holding its shape when squeezed. Lastly, the most important improvement to all the implementations of AR Sandbox would be to build a mobile application that allows the students to improve their knowledge about the geographical landforms and the professors to present their subject better. To explain in more detail how the whole system would work, a communication diagram is provided in Figure 13.  
The user starts to interact with the sand from the sandbox by moving with it and playing, creating new landforms. Then, the Xbox 360 Kinect Sensor detects the fact that the form of the sand has changed and captures a depth image. The depth image is sent to the Raspberry Pi, which applies image processing to it. Based on the newly acquired depth image, a topographic map is created and transmitted to the projector that displays it over the sand. At the same time, the development board sends the topographic map to the projector, and the data within the topographic map is sent to the Firebase, which is a Backend as a Service (BaaS) solution that also includes the possibility to store data and images. After the user logs into the companion application, the mobile app sends requests to the Firebase to retrieve data about the user and about the live model. Then, after the request is approved, the data is displayed in the application. A normal user can interact freely with the AR Sandbox by moving the sand and, thus, creating a topographic map. Within the application, the normal user can only log in, sign up, or reset their password, in case they forgot it. During the sign-up process, the user can choose to be either a professor or a student. The choice determines the available functionalities. Both types of users can visualize in real time the 3D model of the landform created in the sandbox, move around and play with the 3D model, save 3D models to observe and study them later, and can update their profile, including the name, the email address, and the profile picture. The user type \"professor\" can additionally create a class within the companion application and  
Figure 13: Communication diagram of the companion mobile application. manage the class by adding students to it. The students inside the class can be assigned quizzes, and the professor can grade them. Moreover, the application can show the teachers statistics about the grades of the students. The user type \"student\" can be part of a class and can solve quizzes assigned by their professor. Also, they can see their grades and how the quizzes would be solved correctly. The next figure, Figure 14, presents the use case diagram of the application described above. One of the advantages of using a mobile companion application for the AR Sandbox would be the possibility for students to observe the 3D model generated from the depth image captured from the sandbox in more detail and with more information. Through this, they can see the topographic map created, even though they may not see the sandbox closely. Moreover, the functionality of saving the 3D models for later could be a huge advantage for students, as they can study in more depth and could revise the 3D models discussed in the class.