## 4 Discussion
[58] revealed that the _Salmonella_ species was found in 3.86% of goat carcasses, 4.53% of beef carcasses, 8.34% of minced beef, and 10.76% of milk. More than 2600 serovars of _S. enterica_ have been identified so far; many of these serovars can infect both people and animals with disease [42]. _Salmonella_ contamination and dissemination can occur from tainted milk, meat, eggs, and other agricultural products fertilized and grown in manure infected with _Salmonella_[59]. In this study, _S. enterica_ demonstrated a higher degree of resistance (100%) to ampicillin, gentamicin, ciprofloxacin, and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, as shown in Table 4. Aprevious study conducted by [PERSON] et al. [60] assessed the antibiotic susceptibility of Salmonella isolates obtained from 112 chilled chicken carcasses in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. The study found that fewer isolates were resistant to a single class of antibiotics, while the majority of isolates displayed resistance to multiple classes of antibiotics. Interestingly, despite being resistant to cephalosporors, most of the isolates remained susceptible to carbapenem. In another study, [PERSON] et al. [61] collected chicken carcass samples from six different regions in China. The study highlighted the development of resistance to foodborne infections due to the widespread use of cephalospororin antibiotics in livestock feed. Similarly, in Malaysian broiler farms, [PERSON] and colleagues [62] documented a significant prevalence of multidrug-resistant _E. coli_ and _Salmonella_ species, attributing this to the excessive use of antimicrobial agents on the farms. The PCR test in this study revealed negative results for all _S. enterica_ virulence genes, as shown in Figure 4. Interestingly, [PERSON] et al. [42] obtained different results after isolating 60 _S. enterica_ isolates from 28 poultry houses and 32 clinical samples. They found that 12 or more of the 17 virulence genes (_spvB_, _spiA_, _pqC_, _msgA_, _invA_, _spB_, _prgH_, _spaN_, _orgA_, _toIC_, _iroN_, _sitC_, _IpfC_, _sifA_, _sopB_, and _prefA_) were positive, while one gene was negative. _K. pneumoniae_, an important type of bacteria, was found in this study. It was found in abattoir A (13%), abattoir C (5%), and abattoir D (18%), as described in Table 3. This finding aligns with those of [PERSON] et al. [13]. _K. pneumoniae_ is a pathogenic bacterium and a leading cause of hospital-acquired infections, including pneumonia and bloodstream infections [63]. Humans can be colonized by _K. pneumoniae_ in the cutaneous, orophyngeal, or gastrointestinal tract [64]. The most well-known virulence factors in _K. pneumoniae_ are its siderophores, capsules, lipopolysaccharidesaccharides (LPS), and fimbiae, which play important roles in adhesion, colonization, invasion, and infection growth [65]. In this study, _K. pneumoniae_ displayed 100% resistance against ampicillin, followed by ceftazidime (16.67%), trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (16.67%), and tigecycline (14.29%), as shown in Table 4. In contrast, all _K. pneumoniae_ isolates showed 100% sensitivity to amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, piperacillin/tazobactam, cefalotin, cefoxtin, ceftiaxone, cefpime, imipenem, meropenem, amikacin, gentamicin, ciprofloxacin, and nitrofurantoin. A similar finding was observed by [PERSON] et al. [66] in their investigation of antibiotic sensitivity to _K. pneumoniae_ collected from a flock of 250 one-year-old canaries. They found that the _K. pneumoniae_ isolates could be treated with ciprofloxacin and gentamicin as part of the considered protocol. Another study [67] identified isolates resistant to ampicillin, cefazolin, cefixime, erythromycincin, chloramphenicol, and florfenicol, but responsive to gentamicin and ciprofloxacin. Therefore, several factors, including species, age, infection route, environmental conditions, and bacterial resistance profiles, may contribute to these similar and contradictory findings regarding the antibiotic susceptibility of _K. pneumoniae_.