# Energy Efficient Routing Protocol in Novel Schemes for Performance Evaluation
## 1 Introduction
### Review of Related Work of Energy Balancing  
The minimum total energy (MTE) routing approach decreases the total energy consumed to reach the sink. If all traffic is sent via the lowest-energy path, however, the sensor nodes on that route will quickly run out of energy, causing the network to divide, while other nodes have enough [36]. As a result, since MTE ignores the nodes' remaining energy, it is unable to effectively extend the network's lifetime. The remaining battery capacity is the parameter for [PERSON]'s min-max battery cost routing. Nodes with a large battery capacity can take on more routing duties than nodes with a small battery capacity. The MMBCR [37] increases the node's life span, without ensuring that the overall amount of energy consumed is kept to a minimum along the chosen path. The conditional min-max battery cost routing-CMMBCR method takes together routes' minimal final energy usage of nodes' for balanced energy. When there is a lot of traffic, this technique does not guarantee that nodes with a lot of residual energy will survive [38]. [PERSON] proposed the minimum drain rate method, which introduced the drain rate as a new metric. Based on recent traffic situation, these data are paired with a node's residual energy to estimate its lifetime [39]. Routing strategies that are only based inputs rules associated with balanced criteria of energy could not be recycled to determine the path of best work. A huge volume of traffic will flow through a node if it accepts all route requests, due to its higher remaining energy, thus causing its battery energy to quickly deplete. This could cause the node to run out of energy and die as a result. As a result, a metric depending on traffic load condition is essential for optimal cost function. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c} \hline \hline
**Authors and Reference** & **Brief Description** & **Cluster Head Selection** & **Limitations** \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{[PERSON] [31]} & Proposed an efficient directing by choosing legitimate courses, based on the probability values appointed. & Residual energy. & Different boundaries, such as deferral and battery limit, were not considered for bunch head determination, subsequently, it results in wasteful steering. \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{[PERSON] and [PERSON] [32]} & An energy-effective bunching system was executed by choosing suitable courses, in light of the distance among BS and CH. & R.E. and node degree. & This article was specific only to the distance-based CH selection and did not cover cluster head and relay node selection with fitness function for optimal routing. \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{[PERSON] an and [PERSON] [33]} & With the procedures of clear to send and request to send, a new multicast directing convention was presented that chooses the data transfer capacity and multi-bounce distance from CH to group individuals (RTS). With the decreased postpomenent, this convention builds data transmission and parcel conveyance proportion. & \multirow{4}{*}{—} & Less number of nodes used. \\ \cline{1-1} \cline{3-3}  & The energy-efficient scalable routing algorithm, which is described in this study, is an energy-efficient clustering and hierarchical routing technique (ESRA). The suggested technique seeks to maximise network longevity despite growing network size. To reduce the stress on the cluster heads and randomise the selection of cluster heads, the method utilises a three-layer structure. & The LEACH protocol’s stochastic rotation technique was used. & There is extension for additional likelihood to diminish energy utilization of the organization. \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{V. Nivedhit ha [35]} & The dynamic multi-bounce energy-productive directing convention (DMEERP) picks a course founded on the channel limit model, which is carried out on both the transmitter and beneficiary sides. & Residual energy, delay, and bandwidth. & The creators did not consider mixing secure steering with information total methodology. \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
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