# Intent to Adopt Location Sharing for Logging Safety Applications
## 4 Discussion  
The hazards of logging are well-documented in the literature; previous research has catalogued logging injuries and fatalities across the United States [10; 11; 15; 16; 18] and enumerated the factors that contribute to unsafe work environments [15; 16; 18; 21; 52; 16]. Despite recognition of the risks, including by loggers themselves [18; 26; 52], high occupational fatality rates persist in the industry. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{l c c|c} \hline \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**Survey Question**} & \multicolumn{3}{c}{**Response Percentage**} \\  & **(\%)** & & \\ \cline{2-3}  & **No** & **Unsure** & **Yes** \\ \hline
**A. Improvement to safety by device** & & & \\  Emergency receivers (\(n=263\)) & 16.0 & 20.5 & 63.5 \\  Two-way radios with LS (\(n=269\)) & 8.6 & 12.6 & 78.8 \\  Smartphone receivers (\(n=272\)) & 14.0 & 14.0 & 72.1 \\
**B. Improvement to safety by feature** & & & \\  Dangerous area alerts (\(n=277\)) & 11.9 & 11.2 & 76.9 \\  Automatic updates to coworkers (\(n=275\)) & 13.1 & 14.2 & 72.7 \\  Automatic updates to supervisors (\(n=271\)) & 47.2 & 18.8 & 33.9 \\  Help button to coworkers (\(n=275\)) & 7.3 & 9.5 & 83.3 \\  Help button to supervisors (\(n=274\)) & 24.1 & 13.5 & 62.4 \\  Help button to emergency services (\(n=276\)) & 8.3 & 12.7 & 79.0 \\  Messaging (\(n=273\)) & 12.8 & 15.0 & 72.2 \\
**C. Privacy concerns associated with real-time LS** & & & \\  Coworkers (\(n=276\)) & 72.5 & 8.7 & 18.8 \\  Supervisors (\(n=273\)) & 56.0 & 11.4 & 32.6 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 8: Survey response percentages for no/unsure/yes questions about location sharing (LS), with sample size (\(n\)) indicated in parentheses. Answer categories chosen by 50% or more of participants are highlighted in grey. In our study, loggers strongly agreed on the importance of finding new safety solutions. LS may offer a technologically-based approach to improving logging safety by introducing novel types of safety practices. In previous interviews and focus groups, Idaho loggers acknowledged safety benefits of GPS [18; 26] and discussed the role of situational awareness in injury mitigation [18]. However, in the [PERSON] et al. study, loggers also proposed drawbacks, including the possibility of disuse [26]. In light of prior, qualitative research, the current study comprises the next step in understanding the role of LS in logging safety: quantifying logger intent to employ LS. Our key finding was that a sample of Idaho loggers representing approximately half of all certified loggers in the state, indicated that they were overall likely to adopt LS safety practices. They supported use of PLDs for both machines and ground workers but were particularly in favor of using them to receive automatic position updates from hand fallers. Additionally, over three-quarters of participants indicated some degree of control, measured as influence, in whether LS devices are used by their companies or organizations. Meta-analyses of TPB studies have observed that intent, and to a lesser extent perceived behavioral control, are important variables for explaining behavior [31; 53]. Our results thus encourage future development of LS applications for logging safety. Another goal of the study was to explore nuances of prospective LS adoption, such as discerning LS outcomes that loggers considered most valuable and most plausible. Based on attitude measures, most participants believed that logging would benefit from using LS for emergency response applications, such as alerting coworkers of an injury and expediting the search for injured individuals. These results are consistent with previous research highlighting the value of GPS for finding injured loggers [18; 26]. Participants considered emergency response applications more desirable and also more likely than preventive uses, such as knowing when workers are in safe or unsafe areas, even though in-the-clear status updates were suggested by loggers in the [PERSON] et al. study [26].