## 2 Materials and Methods
### Data Collection  
The GNSS devices were switched on 20 min prior to the start of data collection to ensure that they had a stable connection to the satellites. Participants performed a range of physical tasks in the capture area consisting of six different accelerating and decelerating movements, resembling those commonly observed in team sports [35]. Each participant performed the following movements (in order): two accelerating movements (linear movement, jump), two decelerating movements (stop, jump), and two combined accelerating and decelerating movements (change of direction \(<\) 90\({}^{\circ}\), change of direction 90-180). To obtain a representative dataset, each movement was performed from a medium and maximum acceleration and deceleration intensity, and from a variety of starting speeds  
Figure 1: Schematic representation of the data collection setup. Distance of the 3D motion analysis camera to the capture area was 3 m. Movement area was in the middle of the capture area and was 4 \(\times\) 4 m. The start spot was 0.5 m inside the capture area boundary. * Area where the changes in pace (accelerating/decelerating intensities), changes of direction (COD), jump, and stop of motion were performed. Figure 2: Schematic of the locations of the GNSS device and retro-reflective markers attached to the participant. (standing still 0 m\(\cdot\)s\({}^{-1}\), walking 1-2 m\(\cdot\)s\({}^{-1}\), jogging 2-3.5 m\(\cdot\)s\({}^{-1}\), sprinting > 3.5 m\(\cdot\)s\({}^{-1}\)). All movements originated from the start spot in Figure 1, unless the starting speed was standing still, then the participant started in the movement area. Each change in pace (e.g., medium or maximum acceleration/deceleration) as well as changes of direction, jumps, and stop of motion occurred within the movement area. For example, linear movement with a walking starting speed and maximum acceleration intensity: the participant started at the start spot, walked until they reached the movement area, and then maximally accelerated until they were outside the movement area. In the change of direction trials, participants decelerated prior to executing the directional change and accelerated upon exiting the change. All movements, descriptions, starting speeds, and accelerating/decelerating intensities can be found in Table 1.  
Catapult live-data streaming was used to obtain an indication of the starting speeds of the participant. It was impractical to assign specific thresholds to the accelerating and decelerating intensities, as these would vary depending on the starting speed (e.g., maximum accelerating from a jogging start will have a much lower acceleration than accelerating from standing still). Instead, the participants were instructed to accelerate or decelerate to their perceived maximum or medium intensity (half their perceived maximum). The intensities of similar trials were compared with Catapult live-data streaming to confirm that the participants' perceived medium intensity was at most half their maximum intensity. For example, a trial with a stop from a jogging start with a 1.3 m\(\cdot\)s\({}^{-2}\) medium intensity deceleration and a 2.8 m\(\cdot\)s\({}^{-2}\) maximum intensity deceleration was included (1.3 m\(\cdot\)s\({}^{-2}\) is \(\leq\)half of 2.8 m\(\cdot\)s\({}^{-2}\)), while the same trial with values of 2.1 m\(\cdot\)s\({}^{-2}\) medium intensity and 2.9 m\(\cdot\)s\({}^{-2}\) maximum intensity deceleration was excluded (2.1 m\(\cdot\)s\({}^{-2}\) is \(>\)half of 2.9 m\(\cdot\)s\({}^{-2}\)). Trials that did not meet the criteria were repeated. A total of 46 trials per participant were included.