## 3 Results and Discussion
alternata_, with inhibition zone diameters of 7 \(\pm\) 0 mm, 7 \(\pm\) 0 mm and 7.7 \(\pm\) 0.3 mm, respectively, and an absence of statistically significant difference from the negative control values (Table 1). [PERSON] et al. [19] also found a lack of activity of the methanolic extract of _L. minuta_ against _F. gramitearum_, but a higher effect on _A. ochracus_, with an inhibition zone diameter of 9.0 mm. According to [PERSON] and [PERSON] [36], the ethanolic extract of _Lemma pauciscostata_ inhibited the mycelial growth of _F. oxysporum_, _A. niger_ and _A. flavus_, and the inhibition effect was concentration-dependent. As a whole, the antifungal activity of _Lemma_ spp. (and _L. minuta_ in particular) is not well studied, which hinders any comparison with literature data. The diameters of the inhibition zones of the positive control (25 ug/mL amphotericin B) for _A. carbamarius_, _A. flavus_, _A.parasiticus_, _A. niger_ and _Alt. alternata_ were 13.8 \(\pm\) 0.3 mm, 11.5 \(\pm\) 0.3 mm, 11 \(\pm\) 0 mm, 9 \(\pm\) 0 mm and 11.5 \(\pm\) 0.3 mm, respectively, which were statistically different from the negative control values (ranging from \(p\leq\) 0.05 to \(p\leq\) 0.01 (Table 1)). Amphotericin B was not active against _A. ochracus_, _F. gramitearum_, _F. oxysporum_ and _P. chrysogenum_. However, according to literature data, amphotericin B demonstrated inhibitory effects against some species from all fungi genera studied--_Aspergillus_, _Fusarium_, _Penicillium_ and _Alternaria_[37; 38; 39; 40; 41]. Because of this, the low activity (or lack of such) of amphotericin B against most of the filamentous fungi implies the existence of an intrinsic or acquired resistance to this drug among the fungal species studied. The differences in the antifungal activity of the methanolic extracts of _A. calamus_, _C. vulgaris_, _S. dimorplus_ and _L. minuta_ between this study and the other experiments could be explained by various reasons--cultivation area, climatic conditions, fungal strains, plant species, method of extract preparation, etc. [42; 43]. For example, [PERSON] et al. [35] and [PERSON] and [PERSON] [36] found that the antifungal activity of _Lemma pauccostata_ and _Scentesmus_ sp. extracts is very strongly dependent on the extractant used. According to [PERSON] et al. [42], climatic and geographical area differences may change the amount and types of secondary metabolites of plant species, which could lead to variations in antimicrobial activity. Because of the above-mentioned differences, only the general trends of the antifungal activity of _A. calamus_, _C. vulgaris_, _S. dimorphus_ and _L. minuta_ methanolic extracts could be found. Antioxidant Potential of Methanolic Extracts from Acorus calamus, Chlorella vulgaris, Lemma minuta and Scenedesmus dimorphus  
Phenolic compounds are one of the most frequent and widespread group of substances in the world of plants, with more than 8000 identified phenolic structures, which include a variety of patterns, from rather simple structures (e.g., phenolic acids) through polyphenols such as flavonoids to polymeric compounds based on the different classes [44]. Polypphenols are secondary metabolites of plants, essential for their growth and development. As natural antioxidants, these compounds have important functions, which include the inhibition of lipid peroxidation, antimicrobial and anticancer activities, stabilization of ascorbic acid, a direct constrictive effect on the capillaries and an antiaging and anti-inflammatory effect [45]. According to the experimental results, the highest concentration (mean \(\pm\) SD) of TPC (g GAE/kg) was found in the methanolic extracts of _S. dimorphus_ (31.78 \(\pm\) 1.7), followed in descending gradation by _A. calamus_ (12.83 \(\pm\) 0.91), _L. minuta_ (10.94 \(\pm\) 0.78) and _C. vulgaris_ (8.79 \(\pm\) 0.5) (Figure 1). The TPC of the methanolic extracts of _S. dimorphus_ (31.78 g GAE/kg) was much higher than the values obtained by [PERSON] et al. [26] (5.4 g GAE/kg) and [PERSON] et al.