## 2 Literature Review
### BIM, IFC and Graph Database  
BIM (Building Information Model) is an internationally defined term that refers to a \"shared digital representation of physical and functional characteristics of any built object which forms a reliable basis for decisions\" [27]. Generally, data-sharing issues in BIM projects are resolved using a standardized file exchange format, namely, Industry Foundation Classes (IFCs) [28]. However, the rigid and complex hierarchical structure of the IFC schema poses difficulties in manually extracting building information, as it requires a deep understanding of the IFC object model [19]. Graphs, consisting of a finite set of nodes and edges, provide a homogeneous way to encode spatial and non-spatial information of different types, which makes them a suitable representation for complex relationships among building elements and data in Building Information Models [20]. Converting BIMs based on the IFC standard into a graph-based \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Author** & **Selected** & **Optimization** & **Information** & **Contributions** & **Limitations** \\  & **Parameters** & **Algorithm** & **Summary Method** & & \\ \hline \multirow{6}{*}{[PERSON] et al. [7]} & Weight, occupied & & & The first to study & \\  & space, interference & & & APSO of precast & \\  & between & & & components; & \\  & components & & & establish an & \\  & & & & equation to & \\  & & & & calculate & \\  & & & & interference & \\  & & & & penalty. & \\ \hline \multirow{6}{*}{[PERSON] et al. [25]} & Weight, occupied & & & Take the assembly & \\  & space, layout & & & scheduling and & \\  & interference, path & & & lifting path & \\  & interference & & (MEGA) & & planning two & \\  & & & & issues in a & \\  & & & & two-in-one & \\  & & & & approach. & \\ \hline \multirow{6}{*}{[PERSON] et al. [26]} & Weight, quantity, & & & Introduce the & \\  & interference & & & evaluation index of & \\  & between & & & mechanical & \\  & components, & annealing genetic & & assembly process & \\  & process installation & & & and mechanical & \\  & time & & & simulation & panels. \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 1: Comparing previous research on prefabricated components assembly sequence issues. information retrieval model can significantly facilitate exploring and analyzing highly connected BIM data [21]. The graph database is a database that stores information in the form of a graph. Compared with other types of database systems, it is more effective in representing relationships. In contrast, interconnected information full of relationships is a feature of IFC data, whereas IFC data can be thought of as an implicit graph consisting of interconnected objects [29]. [PERSON] et al. [30] thought that the increase in the number of publications on Enterprise Resource Planning Systems (ERPs) and Critical Success Factors (CSFs) is due to the continuous digitalization of the business world and the need for quality data in order to make faster decisions. The aforementioned reason can similarly account for the advancement of graph database applications in the field of civil engineering. Aided by the IfcWebServer, a web-based server application that supports the management and sharing of IFC (Industry Foundation Classes) models, [PERSON] et al. [31] extracted the building's topological structure and attributes of its components from IFC models, stored the information in a property graph database, and then the required knowledge was extracted by querying it. To tackle the challenge of integrating monitoring data with building information models, [PERSON] and [PERSON] [32] employed a graph-based database management system and the IFC standard to support the need for interoperability and collaborative work. [PERSON] et al. [29] applied the graph-theory-based graph database technology to reveal hidden relationships within building information, enabling a complete conversion of IFC data into labeled property graphs. [PERSON] et al. [33] used a graph database to store and twin the IFC-based information model.