## 3 Results
#### 3.2.1.
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c c} \hline \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**ID**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Type of**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Type of**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**Sensors/Actuators**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**Microcontrollers**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Wireless**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Software**} \\  & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Proposal**} & & & & **Sensors/Actuators** & **Microcontrollers** & **Standards** & **Infrastructure** & **Ref.** \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{S1} & \multirow{4}{*}{Prototype} & \multirow{4}{*}{Tank} & PH-4502C (pH Sensor), DS181B20 & & & & \\  & & & (Temperature Sensor), Gravity DO & & & & \\  & & & Meter V1.0 (Dissolved Oxygen Level), & & & & \\  & & & Electrical Conductivity Sensor & & & & \\  & & & (Salinity), SEN0189 (Water Turbidity), & & & & \\  & & & T1592 (Water Level) & & & & \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{S2} & \multirow{4}{*}{Prototype} & \multirow{4}{*}{Feeder} & FC28 (Soil Moisture Sensor), & & & & \\  & & & ESP32 CAM (Camera), & & & & \\  & & & SG90 (Servo Motor), & & NodeMCU & & \\  & & & Water Pump & & & & \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{S3} & \multirow{4}{*}{Prototype} & \multirow{4}{*}{Feeder} & HC711 (Load Cell Sensor), PIR Motion & & & & \\  & & Sensor (Movement Detection), & & & & & \\  & & DS18B20 (Temperature Sensor), SG90 & & Arduino UNO & Wi-Fi & Thing\$peak Cloud & [32] \\  & & & (Servo Motor), Water Level Sensor & & & & \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{S4} & \multirow{4}{*}{Prototype} & \multirow{4}{*}{Robot} & Pi Camera, Ultrasonic Sensor, L298N & Raspberry Pi 4, & & & \\  & & & (Motor Driver) & Arduino UNO & & Wi-Fi & N/A & [33] \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{S5} & \multirow{4}{*}{Prototype} & \multirow{4}{*}{Feeder} & HC711 (Load Cell), MG90S & Raspberry Pi & & & & Node RED, MySQL, \\  & & & (Servo Motor) & Zero & & & & WhatsApp \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{S6} & \multirow{4}{*}{Prototype} & \multirow{4}{*}{Collar} & MAX30102 (Heart Rate), J7901 & & & & \\  & & & (Gyroscope), A9G (GPS Location & ESP8266 & Wi-Fi, GSM & Ali Cloud & [35] \\  & & Tracking), Gravity Sensor (Weight) & & & & & \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{S7} & \multirow{4}{*}{Prototype} & \multirow{4}{*}{Collar} & GY-61 (Accelerometer), Neo 6M (GPS & & & & \\  & & Module), Pulse Sensor (Heart Rate) & ESP32 & Wi-Fi & TensorFlow, Flask, & \\  & & & & (Servo Motor), DS3231 (RTC), Piezo & Arduino Uno R3 & N/A & N/A & [37] \\  & & & Buzzer (Auditory Alert System) & & & & \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{S9} & \multirow{4}{*}{Prototype} & \multirow{4}{*}{Feeder} & HC-SR04 (Ultrasonic Sensor), SG90 & & & & \\  & & & (Servo Motor), DS3231 (RTC), A4988 & D1 Mini ESP8266 & Wi-Fi & Blynk & [24] \\  & & & (Supper Motor Driver) & & & & \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{S10} & \multirow{4}{*}{Prototype} & \multirow{4}{*}{Feeder} & SIM900 (GSM/GPRS Module), DC & & & & \\  & & Motor, Load Cell (Weight) & & Arduino & Wi-Fi & Twitter API, Android & [38] \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{S11} & \multirow{4}{*}{Prototype} & Exercise & \multirow{4}{*}{Reed Switch (Rotation)} & Arduino Mega & & & \\  & & Box & Reed Switch (Rotation) & 2560 & Ethernet &
\begin{tabular}{c} Thing\$peak Cloud, \\ MATLAB \\ \end{tabular} & [39] \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{S12} & \multirow{4}{*}{Prototype} & \multirow{4}{*}{Feeder} & SG90 (Servo Motor), HC711 (Load & & & \\  & & Cell), HC-SR501 (PIR Motion Sensor) & Arduino Uno & Wi-Fi & Blynk & [9] \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{S13} & \multirow{4}{*}{Prototype} & \multirow{4}{*}{Feeder} & MG995 (Servo Motor), HC711 (Weight & & & \\  & & Sensor), DS3231 (Real-Time Clock) & ESP32 & Wi-Fi & Blink & [25] \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{S14} & \multirow{4}{*}{Prototype} & \multirow{4}{*}{Home} & DHT11 (Temperature and Humidity & & & \\  & & & SG90 (Servo Motor), MC9015 & & & \\  & & & (Non-Contact Pet Body Temperature), & & & \\  & & Pulse Sensor (Heart Rate) & & & & \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{S15} & \multirow{4}{*}{Prototype} & Door & ESP32-CAM, Servo Motor & Raspberry Pi 4 & Wi-Fi & Python, Flask, & \\  & & & & & & & \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 3: Hardware and software used by the systems of the IoT for pet care.