esa-sceva/satcom-chunk-collection huggingface dataset:
# Time-Frequency Attribute Analysis of Channel 1 Data of Lunar Penetrating Radar
## 5 Conclusions  
The LPR equipped on the YR measured the lunar geological structure in Northern Imbrium. As the data were complicated, a group of data preprocessing was designed. When the data were still distinct after preprocessing, the frequency spectrum and time-frequency spectrum of LPR CH-1 data were carried out for analysis. Subsequently, CEEMD helped to analyze the data, and the IMFs indicated the information distribution. Finally, combining with the previous studies and LPR CH-2 data, we proved the credibility of the CH-1 data at the shallow part.  
CEEMD has been put forward as an adaptive time-frequency LPR data analysis method. It has been verified as quite multifunctional in extracting signals. The IMFs of the overall CH-1 data and the stagnation points' traces describe the frequency information distribution. After comprehensively observing the CEEMD components of the overall CH-1 data and the CEEMD components of the stagnation points' traces, it can be found that in IMF5, two pitfalls at 3500 and 5800 ns can be found. Only the frequencies of the IMF2 and IMF3 components are in accordance with the radar's transmission frequency and are available. These two components are superimposed for further analytical interpretation. Superimposed components provide us with the chance to analyze geological information at the shallow part.  
This paper aims to decompose and analyze the CH-1 data, and the deep information no longer needs a deeper explanation. Instead, information within the first 200 ns corresponding to the CH-2 data is selected for analysis. According to the hierarchical information of former researchers, there are three well-recognized interfaces. As the CE-4 LPR data are going to be published soon, CEEMD, which can prove the availability of the data, provides solid help and support for the articles published on the CE-4 radar data.  
Those results obtained in this paper provide valuable reference for understanding LPR data and valuable information for future lunar exploration missions.  
Conceptualization, investigation and Writing, C.X.; Supervision, G.Z.; Formal analysis, Investigation, J.Z.; Formal analysis, Methodology, Z.J. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.  
This research was supported by the Major Projects of the National Science and Technology of China (2016 YFC0600505) and the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant 41574097 and 41504083.  
The authors declare no conflict of interest.
_Article_  
Half-Metallicity and Magnetism of the Quaternary Heusler Compound TiZrCoIn\({}_{1-x}\)Ge\({}_{x}\) from the First-Principles Calculations [PERSON] \({}^{1,*}\), [PERSON] \({}^{1}\)\({}^{\copyright}\), [PERSON] \({}^{2}\), [PERSON] \({}^{3}\)\({}^{\copyright}\), [PERSON] \({}^{3}\), [PERSON] \({}^{1}\), [PERSON] \({}^{1}\) and [PERSON] \({}^{1}\)  
\({}^{1}\) School of Mathematics and Physics, Anshun College, Anshun 561000, China; [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (S.C.); [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (X.Q.); [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (D.L.); [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (W.Y.)  
\({}^{2}\) Anshun first senior high school, Anshun 561000, China; [EMAIL_ADDRESS]  
\({}^{3}\) Department of Physics, Zunyi Normal College, Zunyi 563002, China; [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (B.W.); [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (H.H.)  
\({}^{*}\) Correspondence: [EMAIL_ADDRESS]  
Received: 16 January 2019; Accepted: 8 February 2019; Published: 13 February 2019  
**Abstract:** The effects of doping on the electronic and magnetic properties of the quaternary Heusler alloy TiZrCoIn were investigated by first-principles calculations. Results showed that the appearance of half-metallicity and negative formation energies are associated in all of the TiZrCoIn\({}_{1-x}\)Ge\({}_{x}\) compounds, indicating that Ge doping at \(Z\)-site increases the stability without damaging the half-metallicity of the compounds. Formation energy gradually decreased with doping concentration, and the width of the spin-down gap increased with a change in Fermi level. TiZrCoIn\({}_{0.25}\)Ge\({}_{0.75}\) was found to be the most stable half-metal. Its Fermi level was in the middle of the broadened gap, and a peak at the Fermi level was detected in the spin majority channel of the compound. The large gaps of the compounds were primarily dominated by the intense d-d hybridization between Ti, Zr, and Co. The substitution of In by Ge increased the number of sp valence electrons in the system and thereby enhanced RKKY exchange interaction and increased splitting. Moreover, the total spin magnetic moments of the doped compounds followed the Slater-Pauling rule of M\({}_{t}\) = Z\({}_{t}-18\) and increased from 2 u\({}_{B}\) to 3 u\({}_{B}\) linearly with concentration.  
**Keywords:** quaternary Heusler alloy; doping; spin polarization; half-metallicity; magnetism
## 4 Experiments and Results
### Experimental Results
#### 4.3.3 Performance Analysis of Different Anomaly Detection Methods
First, traffic data collected from oilfield industrial control systems (ICSs) are processed to extract device fingerprints, following the approach detailed in the Methods section. These fingerprints are then used as input for an anomaly detection model, which is specifically tailored to oilfield ICS equipment and developed through fine-tuning the Llama3 model. Finally, the anomaly detection results are fed back into the model. Leveraging the capabilities of  
Figure 17: Accuracy comparison between our method and SOTA methods. the base Llama3 model, the specialized ICS anomaly detection model can autonomously generate comprehensive natural language reports on the detected anomalies.
# RGB-D Camera for 3D Laser Point Cloud Hole Repair in Mine Access Shaft Roadway
## 3 Data Acquisition  
### Overview of the Study Area  
The study area of this paper is located in the cement limestone mining area of Zhedong Town, Zhenyuan County, Pu'er City, Yunnan Province, China (as shown in Figure 3). Zhedong Town is located on both sides of the Zhegan River and upstream of the Amo River at the southwestern foot of Ailao Mountain. It has rich underground mineral resources. It mainly takes the coal industry as the industrial system, and its cement production is also one of the regional pillar industries.  
The limestone mining in this study area is open-pit mining. The limestones are transported to the crushing chamber by transfer chutes to the factory by belt conveyor for treatment. In the process of mining, the chute can get stuck when the limestone is placed in it, which causes the rock wall of the underground mine to crack during blasting, resulting in potential safety hazards in the mine tunnel. Therefore, it is urgent to conduct an overall safety evaluation of the underground mine. The total length of the underground tunnel is 384 m, with a longitudinal section of 2.4 m \(\times\) 3.6 m (2.8 m in the straight wall section and 0.8 m in the vaulted section) and an overall slope of 0.514\({}^{\circ}\). The tunnel is connected to a crushing chamber at the end and a shaft at the top, with an overall depth of 109 m. The average size of the tunnel is 1.2 m \(\times\) 1.7 m (1.2 m in the straight wall and 0.5 m in the vaulted section).  
Figure 1: Depth cameras with different imaging principles. (**a**) Structured light camera; (**b**) Time of Flight camera; (**c**) Binocular vision camera.  
Figure 2: Original image of RGB-D camera. (**a**) Color image; (**b**) Depth image.  
However, due to the narrow and steep roadway of the access shaft of the underground mine, the 3D laser scanner cannot completely collect the 3D data in the tunnel. Miniaturized equipment shall be used to facilitate the area with incomplete acquisition. RGB-D cameras can carry out indoor 3D reconstruction with reliable accuracy. In view of this, this paper innovatively attempted to combine the abilities of the RGB-D camera and 3D laser scanning technology to obtain the complete 3D point cloud data of the access shaft roadway, which could provide powerful data visualization support for the safety evaluation of underground mine.
# A Congestion Control Strategy for Power Scale-Free Communication Network
###### Abstract  
The scale-free topology of power communication network leads to more data flow in less hub nodes, which can cause local congestion. Considering the differences of the nodes' delivery capacity and cache capacity, an integrated routing based on the communication service classification is proposed to reduce network congestion. In the power communication network, packets can be classified as key operational services (I-level) and affairs management services (II-level). The shortest routing, which selects the path of the least hops, is adopted to transmit I-level packets. The load-balanced global dynamic routing, which uses the node's queue length and delivery capacity to establish the cost function and chooses the path with minimal cost, is adopted to transmit II-level packets. The simulation results show that the integrated routing has a larger critical packet generation rate and can effectively reduce congestion.  
Keywords:power communication network; scale-free network; local congestion; service classification; integrated routing +
Footnote †: journal: Applied  
_Article_  
A Congestion Control Strategy for Power Scale-Free Communication Network [PERSON] and [PERSON]
# Application of PolyJet 3D Printing in Production of Flexographic Printing Plates
###### Abstract
There have been limited studies on the use of AM for the preparation of flexographic printing plates [31; 32; 33; 34; 35; 36], with none utilizing the PolyJet technology proposed in our work. Thus, [PERSON] et al. [31] conducted preliminary research using 3D printing for line reproduction and the formation of micro- and nano-structures when creating a PDMS mold for micro-flexographic printing. Meanwhile, [PERSON] et al. [32] studied the effect of pre-polymers and UV-fixed monomers on flexographic plate formation and its performance and printability. He demonstrated the correctness of the ink transfer from the plate to the substrate for an optimally selected prepolymer and monomer composition. [PERSON] [33], on the other hand, prepared three different printing plates, two using FDM technology and one using SLA technology. At the same time, not all of the plates had the right flexibility and could be used for printing, and deformation of the letters and logos was observed on the resulting prints, as well as the reflected pattern (grids) of the plate's uneven surface from FDM printing. [PERSON] et al. [34] also tested and demonstrated the feasibility of using SLA technology to prepare flexographic printing plates and showed that the line width and line edge straightness were comparable to those specified for conventional printing plates on the market. In another study, [PERSON] [36] examined the factors affecting the process of creating a flexographic printing plate using SLA technology and their impact on quality. Lastly, [PERSON] et al. [35] explored the effect of printers working with MEX technology and different filaments on the quality of a master mold for micro flexographic printing. In our study, we explored the feasibility of producing a flexographic plate using PolyJet technology. We also investigated its durability during the printing process and analyzed the impact of the printing substrate and raster cylinder linearity on print quality. Additionally, we compared the results with those obtained from traditionally prepared printing plates. To the authors' knowledge, no previous research has been conducted on this specific topic regarding flexographic plates produced using PolyJet technology. Furthermore, no extensive studies on the quality of prints produced with plates printed using any 3D-printing technology have been published to date.
# An Interoperable UMLS Terminology Service Using FHIR
## 7 Discussion
With other services, except for OntoServer, users need to understand the output structure and develop custom software modules to parse the output structure to get the knowledge. The FHIR standard integrates the REST specification into the standard. The FHIR specification presents detailed guidelines on how to manage FHIR resources via REST operation (read, update, delete, etc. ), operation responses, naming style, operation return type, etc. Thus, any FHIR implementation (e.g., HAPI library, etc.) must follow the guidelines, and all the users must have a mutual understanding of how to access the resources. FHIR specification has standardized the REST API design. No other healthcare standard has this feature, and it is the responsibility of the developers to design the API specification for that terminology server and service, which is a very concerning drawback. Most of the existing terminological services cause vendor lock-in. If a healthcare application currently using, for example, UMLS API wants to move to another service, say OntoServer, then the developers must reconfigure the application to work with the new service. This can be a time-consuming and expensive process. Using a terminology service compliant with FHIR, such as UMLS FHIR API, prevents vendor lock-ins, as any new FHIR-compliant terminology services can replace the existing one. This is a great benefit to the application and its stakeholders. Another hurdle to using a terminology is the value it provides as compared to the cost, as terminologies come with various technical challenges. One of them is terminology updates. An updated terminology allows users to access the newest semantic knowledge. As UMLS FHIR is a service, the users need not worry about UMLS terminology updates.
## 3 Results and Discussion
### Method Development and Optimization
#### 3.2.2 Optimization of Ion Concentration  
The dissolution of NaCl in the sample solution increased the ionic concentration of the solution and simultaneously decreased the solubility of the target extractant, thus facilitating volatilization and the adsorption of the extraction fibers. However, when the ionic concentration (\(w/v\)) of NaCl is too high, soluble and insoluble NaCl may adsorb onto the target extractant, leading to a reduction in the extraction effect [25]. The extraction conditions of 30 min and 65 \({}^{\circ}\)C were selected, and the extraction of 200 ng/L mixed standard solution was conducted using 50/30 \(\upmu\)m DVB/CAR/PDMS extraction fiber to investigate the extraction effect on the three DMSs under the conditions of NaCl ion concentration (\(w/v\)) of 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, and 30%. Figure 2a shows an analytical plot of the effects of different ion concentrations on extraction.  
From the trend line in Figure 2a, it can be seen that, in general, with increasing solution ion concentration the response peak areas of all three DMSs showed a trend of increasing and then decreasing. The peak area of each DMSs was further analyzed in relation to the ion concentration, and curve fitting was performed for each of the three sulfides to determine the pattern. Curve fitting was performed for DMS, and the fitted images showed that the peak area of DMS increased rapidly until the ion concentration reached 16%, then decreased slowly. The peak area reached a minimum when the ion concentration was 30%. The DMDS fitted curve images show that the peak area of DMDS followed a roughly parabolic trend with increasing ion concentration, reaching a maximum at an ion concentration of 18%. The DMTS fitted curve image shows that the peak area of DMTS was more in equilibrium and stable until the ion concentration reached 20%, after which it began to decline. Numerous researchers have chosen a 20% ion concentration as the extraction condition in single-variable optimization experiments [18; 20], and the results in this study were similar; that is, the maximum extraction peak area of DMSs was found at a 20% ion concentration. Based on the fitting results of the three DMSs, 16%, 18%, and 20% were selected as the three ion concentrations in the orthogonal optimization experiments to further refine the optimal ion concentration.
## 8 Conclusions  
Abnormal changes within the environment where IWSNs are deployed can be detected using anomaly detection algorithms. This can be applied to many applications such as critical water systems. In these applications it is important to take the required prior knowledge and computation overhead into consideration when designing the schemes. Parametric methods are resource friendly but may not be applicable to many IWSN applications because they require the distribution function to be known in advance and also for it to remain static over the network lifetime. Machine learning techniques are more robust but this comes at the cost of a higher computational overhead. Conceptually there have been many proposed anomaly detection schemes for IWSNs that look very promising, which is a step in the right direction for this growing field. The practical feasibility has however been generally neglected in the literature and should start being given more attention going forward. Future work into the field should also consider aspects such as complex malicious attack protection, data recovery, online learning, and the development of robust hybrid and ensemble schemes. It is also important to develop schemes that can fit into complex cyber-physical environment given the critical nature of those applications. IWSNs are increasingly being used in many applications across a variety of different fields. Anomaly detection schemes are going to be an important protection mechanism as we move towards a more interconnected world.  
The authors have contributed equally to the work reported.  
This research received no external funding. This work was supported by the Advanced Sensor Networks research group at the University of Pretoria. The authors declare no conflict of interest.  
The following abbreviations are used in this manuscript:  
Industrial Wireless Sensor Networks  
Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition  
Internet of Things  
Fault Detection  
Denial of Service  
KNN  
K-Nearest Neighbours  
LOF  
Local Outlier Factor  
Conrectivity-based Outlier Factor  
Uncertain Local Outlier Factors  
WNaNG  
Weighted Natural Neighbour Graph  
SVM  
Support Vector machines  
Structural Risk Minimisation  
RKHS  
Reproducing Kernel Hilbert Space  
RBF  
Radial Basis Function  
CS-SVM  
Conic Segmentation SVM  
ANN  
Artificial Neural Networks  
OS-ELM  
Online Sequential Extreme Learning Machine  
SLFN  
Single Layer Feed-Forward Neural Networks  
GS  
Genetic Algorithms  
NS-2  
Network Simulator 2  
NSA  
Negative Selection Algorithm  
AIS  
Artificial Immune System  
SC  
Spectral Clustering  
DNN  
Deep Neural Networks  
PLC  
Programmable Logic Controller  
SWaT  
Secure Water Treatment  
MitM  
Man-in-the-Middle  
ICS  
Industrial Control Systems  
RIO  
Remote Input/Output  
ROC  
Receiver Operating Characteristic  
AUC  
Area Under the Curve
## 3 Data-Driven Recurrence Quantification Analysis (RQA)
### Data-Driven RQA
#### 3.2.2 Selection of Other RQA Parameters and Surrogate Techniques  
Generally, the mutual information (MI) function [41] and false nearest neighbors (FNN) [41] method are common and robust tools to, respectively, decide the appropriate time delay \(\tau\) and embedding dimension \(m\). In this paper, the reasonable value for \(\tau\) is decided based on the first local minimum of the time-delayed mutual information and the selection of the minimum embedding dimension m, which is based on the false nearest neighbor algorithm proposed in Reference [42].  
[PERSON] et al. [43] introduced the concept of \"surrogate data,\" which has been extensively used in the context of statistical non-stationary and non-linearity testing. A surrogate time series is generated as a realization of the null hypothesis under study. Thus, given an original signal, realizations of this data must be generated by modifying only the desired characteristic of the signal that is being tested while the rest of the characteristics remain the same. In this paper, the classic Fourier-based technique [44] and the iAAFT (Iterative Amplitude Adjusted Fourier Transform, iAAFT) technique [44] for the nonstationary and nonlinearity generation of surrogates that will be used later in a statistical analysis based on RQA.  
Figure 4: Flow chart of improved - recurrence quantification analysis (RQA) method.
# Production of Sustainable Postbiotics from Sugarcane Straw for Potential Food Applications
## 3 Results and Discussion
### Postbiotic Extract General Composition  
The final extract, obtained after freeze-drying the supernatant of sonicated cells, resulting from sequential sugarcane straw saccharification and fermentation with _S. cerevisiae_, was assessed in terms of total phenolic and total protein content and compared with samples that crossed the same process without the yeast fermentation step (control) (Table 1).  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{l l c c} \hline \multicolumn{1}{c}{**Analysis**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Non-Fermented Straw**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**Fermented Straw Extract**} \\  & & **Extract** & \\ \hline Total phenolics & & 12.2 \(\pm\) 0.2 b  & 16.2 \(\pm\) 0.3 a  \\ Total protein & & 326.0 \(\pm\) 1.0 a  & 332.0 \(\pm\) 4.0 a  \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{Sugars} & Glucose & 41.5 \(\pm\) 2.6 a  & ND \\  & Cellobiose & 12.6 \(\pm\) 1.0 a  & ND \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{Organic acids} & Lactic acid & ND & 9.8 \(\pm\) 0.1 a  \\  & Acetic acid & 80.7 \(\pm\) 0.2 b  & 194.2 \(\pm\) 35.5 a  \\ \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}
Table 1: Levels of the major biochemical constituents (mg/g DW; means \(\pm\) SD) in sugarcane straw powder extract before and after _S. cerevisiae_ fermentation.  
Figure 2: Total sugar content (\(\blacksquare\)) (mg/mL, average \(\pm\) SD) and _S. cerevisiae_ growth (\(\blacksquare\)) (Log cycles, average \(\pm\) SD) measured in cell broth along 72 h fermentation process of sugarcane straw that went through saccharification.  
In control samples, the total phenolic content was 12.20 mg gallic acid equivalents/g dry weight extract, and after yeast fermentation, it increased (_p_ < 0.05) to 16.15 mg GA/g dw. Fermentation of soybean meal with _S. cerevisiae_ demonstrated an increase in total phenolic content [33]. In this work, the straw extract obtained after saccharification may have bounded polyphenols into proteins or polysaccharides from the cell walls, and thus, yeast had the capacity to hydrolyze flavonoid glycosides into aglycones [34; 35] through the action of \(\beta\)-glucosidase releasing additional total phenolics compounds that will contribute to a higher antioxidative effect [36].  
The protein content in extracts after yeast fermentation is due to the release of extracellular protein throughout the fermentation process and/or that which is initially present in the extract used as a substrate [37]. However, in this work, the total protein content of the extract remained similar (_p_ > 0.05) in samples with and without yeast fermentation (32-33 g/100 g). Depending on the biomass used for fermentation, different behaviors were reported in the literature for protein contents after yeast fermentation; one example of that was in _okara_, a soybean by-product, which showed an increase from 32.8 to 40.5 g/100 g in protein content after _S. cerevisiae_ fermentation [38].