# A Narrative Review of Metabolomic Insights into Olive Oil's Nutritional Value
###### Abstract  
This review explores the critical role of advanced metabolomic methodologies in interpreting the complex relationship between the bioactive compounds in olive oil and their health benefits. Olive oil, the cornerstone of the Mediterranean diet, is renowned for its numerous health benefits, including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and cardioprotective properties. This review begins with an overview of the importance of olive oil for nutrition and health, followed by a detailed discussion of the key metabolites that contribute to its therapeutic potential. It further explores the evolution of analytical techniques in metabolomics from traditional methods to cutting-edge technologies, such as mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, which have enhanced our understanding of the complex composition of olive oil. This review highlights how these advanced analytical findings correlate with the known health properties of olive oil and presents case studies in which these methodologies have led to new insights. Finally, we address the challenges in standardizing these techniques and discuss future research directions, underscoring the significance of metabolomics in nutritional science and public health. This comprehensive analysis aims to provide a deeper understanding of the health benefits of olive oil, informed by the latest advancements in analytical methodologies. olive oil; bioactive compounds; health benefits; antioxidant properties; metabolite profiling 2024  
[PERSON], [PERSON], M.  
food item but also for body care, cosmetics, lighting, and medicine. Interestingly, Hispania exported more than 30 million amphorae of olive oil. Most of this olive oil was produced in Andalusia, a region located south of the Iberian Peninsula. Therefore, it can be said that, in ancient times, those who possessed olive oil were considered to have a treasure not only for its economic value but also its nutritional and therapeutic benefits. As a result, it has been passed down through generations and is still highly valued in modern civilization [1]. This \"golden liquid\" has also contributed to the establishment of a healthy dietary pattern known as the Mediterranean diet (MD). The polyphenols present in olive oil, particularly extra virgin olive oil (EVOO), possess antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective properties. Several clinical trials have demonstrated that olive oil consumption is associated with a lower prevalence of chronic diseases such as cardiovascular conditions, obesity, cancer, and even neurodegenerative disorders. The Prevencion con Dieta Mediterranea (PREDIMED) study is a Spanish clinical trial that aimed to explore the preventive effects of MD on cardiovascular and aging-related disorders. The results of this study demonstrated that this particular dietary pattern, which is rich in olive oil, reduces the incidence of these disorders and even delays cognitive decline, leading to an increase in longevity [2; 3]. PREDIMED demonstrated that the administration of olive oil in the context of MD consumption in patients and animal models reduced the amount of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and increased high-density lipoprotein (HDL), resulting in protection from the risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) which, following MD, was approximately 31% lower compared with a control diet [4]. Furthermore, a meta-analysis found a protective role of olive oil consumption in the reduction of the relative risk of CVDs for an intake of \(>\)20 g/day of olive oil. In particular, there was a dose-dependent reduction of 4% for every 5 g/day increase in olive oil consumption [4]. In the same context, the Coronary Diet Intervention with Olive Oil and Cardiovascular Prevention (CORDIOPREV) study was a long-term randomized trial that compared the effects of an MD enriched with olive oil versus a low-fat diet for the incidence of cardiovascular events. The results demonstrated that a diet enriched with olive oil has a greater preventive effect against CVDs [5].