## 1 Introduction
Alternatively, environmental technologies such as minimum quantity lubrication (MQL) [22], cryogenic machining [23], and dry cutting [12] can be used to reduce or eliminate LCL. Addressing the problems associated with LCL usage and its harmful impacts on the environment and human health represents a vital step in achieving a sustainable manufacturing process. Sustainable manufacturing evolved from the concept of sustainable development, which was introduced in the 1980s in response to growing concerns about the impact of human progress on the environment [24]. At the core of the sustainability concept is long-term human well-being, which is strongly linked to the environment. To achieve sustainability, the three key dimensions--environmental, economic, and social--must be considered simultaneously and in relation to each other. In this context, the development of sustainable manufacturing processes is an important approach through which environmental harm can be minimized. While several definitions of sustainable manufacturing processes exist, they share the common themes of simultaneously minimizing negative environmental impacts, saving energy and natural resources, ensuring safety for employees and consumers, and ensuring sound economic justification. Thus, for a given process to be truly sustainable, it must simultaneously be economically, environmentally, and socially sustainable. For instance, machining technologies using MQL partially reduce pollution and minimize lubrication costs but do not improve working conditions (i.e., the social dimension). Developing sustainable manufacturing processes is particularly important in finishing (including burnishing) processes, as these processes ensure the quality of the manufactured components, which will in turn determine the life cycle. Efforts to develop a sustainable and cost-effective manufacturing finishing process will yield a synergistic effect due to the resulting improvement in the cost/quality ratio. In the present article, these concepts are explored in the context of the DB process for CNASS. Burnishing processes are typically performed under lubricating and cooling conditions, most often via the flood lubrication approach. The use of lubrication reduces the friction between the deforming element and the treated surface; however, greater frictional forces imply greater tangential stresses and, accordingly, a finer resulting structure [25]. The use of LCL in burnishing is inherently not environmentally friendly; however, slide burnishing (and DB in particular) generates heat and cooling is necessary in some cases. Replacing traditional flood lubrication with alternative approaches for lubrication and cooling in burnishing processes is an important step toward realizing sustainability [23]. Some alternative approaches include MQL, cryogenic conditions, and dry machining and burnishing. Given the wide variety of materials and burnishing conditions available, process optimization aimed at realizing a sustainable burnishing process is fully possible. The effect of applying the MQL approach to the DB process in terms of surface integrity (SI) characteristics has been widely studied [26; 27; 28; 29; 30; 31]. However, as noted above, the MQL technique partially reduces pollution and lubrication costs but does not address the social sustainability component of using LCL. As an alternative, implementing traditional machining (i.e., turning, milling, drilling, and grinding) and burnishing processes under unbubricated cryogenic conditions can help achieve a sustainable process [23]. The cryogenic temperature range is below \(-180\)\({}^{\circ}\)C [23], with liquid nitrogen most commonly used as a refrigerant. Chronologically, cryogenic machining (first introduced by [PERSON] and [PERSON] in 1968 [32]) precedes cryogenic burnishing. Detailed information on cryogenic-assisted burnishing (including DB) is contained in a review paper [33].