# Towards Future BIM Technology Innovations: A Bibliometric Analysis of the Literature
## 5 Discussion
### Technology Dimension for the Future BIM
In the United States (U.S.), the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), which is a non-regulatory federal agency within the U.S. Department of Commerce that is accountable for developing standards and guidelines, describes CC as \"a model for enabling ubiquitous, convenient, on-demand network access to a shared pool of configurable computing resources (e.g., networks, servers, storage, applications, and services) that can be rapidly provisioned and released with minimal management effort or service provider interaction\" [102]. CC presents various services such as software as a service (SaaS), platform as a service (PaaS), and infrastructure as a service (IaaS) [72; 81]. Merging this technology with BIM can be an essential step with great benefits. For instance, it can enhance integration, collaboration, and interoperability between different users and across the different stages of a project lifecycle. The use of CC with BIM is not a new research area. However, [PERSON] et al. [87] stated that the construction industry does not take enough advantage of CC. It needs further exploration to achieve a cohesive collaboration environment that can bring different stakeholders together. Furthermore, IoT technology can be enabled by big data techniques [95] such as DA, AI and ML. [PERSON] [42] defines AI as \"a technology that develops theories, methods, techniques, and applications to extend people's intelligence.\" In order to have a smart building, real-time occupancy prediction and energy management are essential factors that need to be controlled [103]. ML, which is an application of AI, has good performance at occupancy prediction so can be used to manage energy more efficiently. However, most of the research showed no link to BIM yet. AI and BIM complement each other not only in the design stage but also in different stages of the project. For instance, combining AI with BIM can help with schedule planning in the construction stage, and could enable and automate the decision-making process in the construction industry [42]. However, most of these technologies are not fully embraced by the construction industry yet and require further research. Previous studies on LS showed the importance of using this technology. However, it was not linked to the concepts of BIM, whereas most recent studies showed the adoption of BIM. BIM can be represented as the data repositories for as-built data [74]. LS and BIM technologies play a significant role in enhancing the details of a model. [PERSON] and [PERSON] [70] stated that the implementation of these technologies in the construction industry is rising quickly. LS can be used in process tracking and generating as-built models. However, [PERSON] and [PERSON] identified limitations within LS technology such as a lack of accuracy and manual data processing [70]. Using all these technologies can influence the use of BIM in the construction industry. However, security would be required as the size and complexity of the data increase. The data collected in this research have shown a lack of papers when it comes to security within BIM. This was confirmed by the findings of [PERSON] et al. [90], who mentioned that less effort is made when it comes to information security. BC is a technology that has been used to solve security issues within the BIM environment. However, the research on this topic is still in the preliminary stages. Most of the research that was conducted on this topic were either conceptual [11], a survey [12], or a literature review [13]. Hence, this topic needs further exploration from the research community to show how to merge and implement such a technology to overcome security issues within BIM.