## 2 Related Work
Additionally, significant progress has been made in employing WSNs for remote rehabilitation and physical therapy, enabling the continuous monitoring of patients' physical activities, ensuring adherence to prescribed exercises, and offering valuable feedback to therapists for better management of rehabilitation programs. These innovations underscore the flexibility of WSNs in addressing a wide spectrum of healthcare needs, reinforcing their critical role in modern medical practice [12]. The impact of WSNs extends beyond the scope of monitoring sleep quality, playing a pivotal role in the early detection and management of various health conditions, such as cardiovascular diseases and diabetes. Recent studies have introduced non-invasive glucose monitoring systems that employ infrared spectroscopy and photoacoustic techniques, offering a less intrusive alternative to traditional methods. These advancements emphasize the transformative potential of WSNs in healthcare, enabling continuous, real-time data collection that supports proactive health management and timely medical interventions. Furthermore, WSNs have shown significant promise in managing respiratory conditions. For example, the work cited in [13] details the design of a wireless body area network (WBAN) for the remote monitoring of physiological signals, integrating sensors for temperature, heart rate, and fall detection. This system wirelessly transmits data to a central control unit, validated with medically certified sensors, and can be accessed remotely via a Zigbee mesh topology and GSM-enabled gateway. Another noteworthy example is the development of advanced WSN systems that monitor respiratory rates and detect anomalies such as sleep apnea. By utilizing a combination of accelerometers and acoustic sensors, these systems provide accurate, real-time monitoring, enabling early intervention and reducing the risk of severe complications [14]. Likewise, the integration of WSNs in telemedicine platforms has significantly enhanced remote patient monitoring capabilities. This integration allows healthcare providers to track vital signs and other health metrics from a distance, facilitating continuous patient care, particularly for those with chronic conditions who require regular monitoring. As a result, overall patient outcomes are improved, and the burden on healthcare facilities is reduced [15]. WSNs also play a crucial role in enhancing patient mobility and independence through the development of wearable devices that monitor physical activity levels and detect falls. Equipped with sensors that track movement patterns and send alerts in the event of abnormal activity or potential falls, these devices ensure timely assistance, reducing the risk of injury. These applications highlight the expansive role of WSNs in advancing healthcare technologies, providing comprehensive, patient-centered care [16]. Table 1 presents a summary of current references on the use of WSNs for elderly health monitoring and behavioral change techniques. The knowledge areas covered range from wireless sensor networks and healthcare IoT to smart healthcare, geriatric care, telemedicine, and wearable technology. The key topics addressed in these references include the monitoring of health parameters, the real-time tracking of vital signs, the continuous monitoring of chronic conditions, and the encouragement of behavioral changes among the elderly. The solutions proposed involve integrating WSNs with IoT, behavior analysis tools, smart sensor networks, and telemedicine systems, aiming to improve health tracking, promote healthier lifestyles, and enhance remote health monitoring and emergency response capabilities.