# Interdisciplinary Urban Tunnel Control within Smart Cities
## 5 Conclusions  
Within this paper, a system analysis of both the tunnel as a complex system and the method of its integration into the smart city concept was presented. The result of the analysis yields to the conclusion that the road urban tunnel integration into the concept of smart city can bring many benefits to municipality and also to drivers.  
The level of service (LOS) was introduced, which represents the transport quality in the whole district based on quantification of congestion prices, namely financial implication of the loss of drivers' time, financial impacts of transport on the environment and energy losses in the whole area. The required parameters were obtained for Blanka tunnel in Prague thanks to the described GLOMODO (global model of traffic in the capital Prague) system.  
The current practice of many cities, which include a road urban tunnel, deals with tunnel control by closing the tunnel in the case of congestion to prevent congestion inside the tunnel. It is a logical and local solution, since congestion in the tunnel is expensive in terms of ventilation and other support services. On the other hand, it will significantly worsen congestion outside the tunnel itself.  
For these reasons, a new \"road urban tunnel control algorithm\" has been proposed, which would not only contain two states \"open\" and \"closed\", but which would let vehicles enter into the tunnel in small amount and maintain the traffic flow within the transition phase between fluid and jam traffic. Experiments performed in the Blanka tunnel in Prague have shown that even such a small traffic flow can significantly contribute to solving a complex traffic situation in the entire area.  
In the future, we intend to develop more advanced road urban tunnel control algorithm, based on the principle of fuzzy methods, which allows the control strategy to be adapted to the specific construction and traffic parameters of a given tunnel.  
The results presented here were demonstrating the working principle of the algorithm. In order to have more clear view on the real impact of the method on tunnel as well as city parameters, a large-scale study will be conducted. Here also the environmental aspects shall be measured.  
The paper can be understood as a methodology for the integration of similar infrastructural elements (bridges, railway crossing, etc.) and their management into a complex system for a smart city. Thanks to the knowledge of a wider area (neighborhood, district, etc.) than the element itself, it is possible to achieve better sustainability of a specific part of the city and to increase resilience of the whole solution.  
Conceptualization, O.P., P.P. and M.S.; methodology, O.P., P.P. and M.S.; validation, M.S.; writing--original draft preparation, P.P., O.P. and M.S.; writing--review and editing, O.P. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.  
**Funding:** This research was funded by the European Regional Development Fund under the project AI & Reasoning (reg. No. CZ.02.1.01/0.0/0.0/15_003/0000466).  
**Institutional Review Board Statement:** Not applicable.  
**Informed Consent Statement:** Not applicable.  
**Conflicts of Interest:** The authors declare no conflict of interest.