## 3 Results
### Land Use and Land Cover Changes
The SV was observed close to the WB, the fifth largest class, and federal highways throughout the studied area, while a strong highlight for the GL class was observed in  
Figure 2: Land use and land cover changes in the district of Santo Antôio do Matupi, municipality of Manicore—AM, for 2009 (**A**) with its expanded version (**C**), and for 2019 (**B**) with its expanded version (**D**). the middle east and in the state of Roraima. The greatest representation of this class was in the Cerrado and Pantanal biomes, especially in the transitions to the Amazon biome (Figures 1 and 2). Decrease for the SV and WSV areas was also observed, of 53,511.46 km\({}^{2}\) from 2013 to 2019 and 14,674.65 km\({}^{2}\) from 2011 to 2017, respectively, while an increase was observed for the GL class after 2013 and until 2019, of 85,355.24 km\({}^{2}\) (Table 2). The CS and OS classes were observed as adjacent to the other classes, with some scattered points to the north, east and south regions of the BLA. The NVM class was strongly related to the CL class, so that both were observed in greater numbers from the northeast to the south (Figure S1). The BN class was observed in the east of the BLA, close to the Tocantins and Araguaia rivers (WB class), in regions where the sand was exposed, forming small beaches [4; 50] (Figures 1 and 2). The PW class appeared to be related to the WB class, one adjacent to the other, and it was observed throughout the studied area in branched continuous formats, represented by the largest rivers in the region, such as the Amazon, Negro, Solimoes, Araguaia and Tocantins (WB class) [4; 81]. The UBL class was also observed throughout the studied area in small, scattered spots. The DNF class was observed in the northwest region of the BLA (Figure S1), north of the city of Barcelos--AM, at the southern intersection between the Serra do Araca State Park and Amazonas National Forest PA [4; 50]. These points were observed only in 2009 and 2017, and represented a decrease of 0.50 km\({}^{2}\) in the area (Figures 1 and 2). Figure 2 highlights the district of Santo Antonio do Matupi (state of Amazonas) comparing years 2009 (Figure 2A,C) and 2019 (Figure 2B,D). This is typical example of a larger land use and land cover change from forest to anthropized areas. The district of Santo Antonio do Matupi is located in the south of the State of Amazonas, bordering the States of Mato Grosso and Rondonia, close to the \"Transamazonica 230\" highway. As mentioned above, this site was especially chosen because it presented significant forest losses, mainly from EBF, and the increase in anthropized areas, the GL classes more intense around the \"Transamazonica 230\" highway. The district of Santo Antonio do Matupi is located north of the Campos Amazonicos National Park and the Aripuana National Forest PA and south of the Campos de Manicore Environmental PA and the Manicore Biological Reserve [82]. Such land use change is close to the Ils Diahui, Piraha, Sepoti, Tenterrim Marmelos, and Tenterrim do Igarape Preto, which are also in zones of environmental, ecological, and social preservation [2]. However, Santo Antonio do Matupi is an important timber exploitation region. This fact was confirmed by [PERSON] et al. [83], who observed losses of primary forests in Santo Antonio do Matupi, with the most critical period of deforestation rates recorded between 2004 and 2018, when 63.28% of the deforested area was converted into pastures. In 2010, it was one of the ten highest contributing communities to the economy of Amazonas, in 2014 the fourth largest cattle producer in the State, and the largest producer of wood, with a herd increase of 800% and a deforested area of more than 676.5 km\({}^{2}\)[83; 84].