# Magnetohydrodynamic Nanoliquid Thin Film Sprayed on a Stretching Cylinder with Heat Transfer
## 1 Introduction  
Recently heat transfer technology is related with the cooling applications of miniaturized high heat flux components. The fluids traditionally used for heat transfer applications such as water, oils and ethylene glycol have comparatively low thermal conductivity and do not meet the required demand as an efficient heat transfer agent. The conventional technique for increasing heat dissipation is to increase the area available for exchanging heat with a heat transfer fluids, but this process needs an undesirable increase in the size of thermal management system. So by taking into account the rising demands of modern technology, comprising chemical production, power stations andmicroelectronics, there is a need to propose new types of fluids which are more effective with respect to heat exchange performance. For this purpose nanofluids are constructed to ensure effective thermal conductivity enhancements and to fulfill the rising demands of cooling/heating and other needs. Nanofluid is a dispersion consisting of nanometer-sized particles, called naoparticles. Nanoliquids are dispersions formulated as a violent encounter of moving nanoparticles in a base liquid. These particles utilized in nanofluids are generally constructed from metallic elements (Al, Cu), oxides (Al\({}_{2}\)O\({}_{3}\)), nitrides (AlN, SiN) or nonmetallic elements (graphite, carbon nanotubes) and a liquid of conduction nature like water or ethylene glycol usually used as the base fluid. Oily products, biofluids and polymer suspensions may are used as base fluid. Nanoparticles have the diameters in the range 1 and 100 nm. For ensuring improved transfer of heat enhancements, nanofluids generally include up to 5 % volume fraction of nanoparticles. Due to strange characteristics of nanoliquids that make them capable in many applications in hybrid-powered engines, pharmaceutical processes, fuel cells, including microelectronics and heat transfer. It has been widely used in engineering devices for ship-sand in boiler flue gas reduction of temperature and defense, in space, in machining, in grinding, nuclear reactor and heat exchanger, chiller, domestic refrigerator and engine vehicle thermal/cooling management. Nanofluids makes better the thermal conduction of the base liquid extremely, therefore in the analysis of flow of nanofluids the researchers are deeply interested. Nanofluids are also very consistent and have no supplementary issues like additional pressure drop, erosion and sedimentation. For the first time [PERSON] [1] introduced the nanofluid technology. Utilizations in the superconducting magnets and super fast computing are facing problems in thermal management. Thermal properties of nanofluids are extensive research area during the past few decades for their perspective technological applications in electronics cooling and heat transfer. [PERSON] et al. [2] analyzed the thermal transport properties of ethylene glycol-based nanofluids experimentally by measuring the thermal conductivity and viscosity. In another study [PERSON] et al. [3] investigated experimentally the rheological effects and heat transfer properties of Al\({}_{2}\)O\({}_{3}\) nanofluids based on the mixtures 45 vol. % ethylene glycol and 55 vol. % water. With the discovery of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) in 1991, carbon-based nanomaterials are popular for their unique physical, thermal, mechanical and electrical properties. [PERSON] et al. [4] employed a green method to make composites of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) decorated with silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs). In case of graphene, a single atomic layer of graphite, which is a two dimensional form of carbon, is found to show good crystal quality and to have ballistic electronic transport at room temperature. It has been evolving as a fascinating material having unique physical, chemical and mechanical properties as investigated by [PERSON] and [PERSON] [5]. Nanofluids containing graphene oxide nanosheets have substantially higher thermal conductivities than the base fluid as analyzed by [PERSON] et al.