## 2 Related Work  
The use of BC and other issues of underwater networking have mostly been investigated separately. Crossovers between these two fields have only recently become apparent. Numerous important studies provide an in-depth examination of the undersea networks and BC research scene. We categorized these works into (i) pure overviews of BC in all possible disciplines; (ii) reviews of surveys of underwater networks techniques in updated modern lines; (iii) reviews of antique and recent localization techniques; (iv) works have enabling BC driven underwater networks at the intersection between the underwater wireless network and BC. We summarize underwater localization techniques in Table 1 and its associated state-of-the-art algorithms in Table 2, while the below section lists the most representative publications in each class. A growing number of survey papers that represent advancement in Terrestrial Wireless Sensor Network (TWSNs) enable to monitor, detect and track various environmental phenomena and events. These kinds of functionalities of TWSN extend the research to underwater applications to give rise to a network of underwater acoustic sensors nodes (UASN) [14; 15; 16]. The authors present the use of medium access control (MAC) protocol due to its potentially large impact on overall network performance in [13]. Unlike TWSN, this survey highlights the current state-of-the-art of MAC protocol because minimum delay and maximum throughput are major concerns of underwater networks [14]. The authors found different applications for offshore exploration and ocean monitoring. Different kinds of routing techniques are covered in this survey [15]. The authors highlight the characteristics of UWSNs for its dynamic structure, narrow bandwidth, high latency and rapid energy consumption. These open issues motivates the idea of design such routing protocol in this domain and propose a route decision maker strategy framework [16]. The authors discussed the security criteria, different malicious attacks, accurate communication channel and ground-based counterparts that require the deployment of efficient and reliable security mechanisms [17]. The authors also classified underwater deployment methods into the following categories depending on the sensor node's mobility: (i) static deployment; (ii) self-adjustment; (iii) movement aided. The mobility of nodes and their various practical parameters such as computing complexity, energy consumption, and deployment objectives are thoroughly examined [14; 15; 16; 17]. The authors put forward the role of recent technologies in underwater networks. The next generation UWSN are coped with different technology which make flexible, robust and adaptive programmable support resource sharing features and are easy to manage and resolve [18]. For this, software defined n networks (SDN) is easily merged with cognitive acoustics, software-defined radio, network function virilization, the software's network resources and internet of underwater things (IoUTs) [19]. More recently, the authors claimed that no more than 5% of the volume of the oceans has been observed by humans. Therefore, there is still dire need for networking solutions towards efficient reliable underwater data collection. As a result, an overview of undersea development in a wide variety of areas and its possible applicability to network traffic control systems [20]. Additionally, their analysis identifies some unresolved research concerns that merit further investigation. There are different kinds of localization algorithms of UWSN are classified in three categories such as: stationary, mobile and hybrid localization algorithms [21]. [PERSON] et al. introduce techniques, applications and guidelines for applying to review the UWSNs surveys. Their study simply classifies the underwater domain in three categories: energy-based, data-based and geographic information-based protocols.