## 4 Combined Applications of NCs and BCs for Elimination of Hydrocarbon Pollutants
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c} \hline
**Pollutants** & **NCN/CN/C Size (nm)** & **BCC/Substrate** & **Removal Efficiency (Cs)** \\ \hline
**Reference** & **Physical domain chemical treatment** & & & \\ \hline
**Naphthalene** & Ag\({}_{10}\)P,@Fe/Cr/Cr/Cr & & & 94\% of PAHs mixture, \\
**Prenanthome** & UV-visible light & & & -100\% of napolutines, phenanthrene, anthracance, \\
**Anfluorene** & & photocatalyst & microcompulsity cellinage gel and & -59\% of fluoranthrene, pyrene \\
**Pyrene (PAH)** [106] & (00-300 nm) & & & \\ \hline
**Prenanthome** in water (PAH) [104] & Composite MnO\({}_{3}\)/MnO\({}_{3}\)-Ag\({}_{10}\)O\({}_{3}\), & & & \\  & photocatalyst under visible light illumination & & & \\  & & & & \\  & & & & \\ \hline
**Prenanthome** in water (PAH) [104] & Cu/N-codoped TiO\({}_{3}\), photocatalysis under UV or visible light illumination & PAH-degrading bacterial concentration with & & \\  & & & & \\  & & & & \\  & & & & \\  & & & & \\  & & & & \\  & & & & \\  & & & & \\  & & & & \\  & & & & \\ \hline
**Pyrene (PAH)** [106] & Cu/N-codoped TiO\({}_{3}\) photocatalyst under visible or & PAH-degrading bacterial concentration & & & \\  & & & & \\  & & & & \\  & & & & \\  & & & & \\  & & & & \\  & & & & \\  & & & & \\  & & & & \\  & & & & \\ \hline
**Prennell**, 4-chlorophenol (4-CF), and 4-fluorophenol (5-CF), & N-doped TiO\({}_{3}\) (5-division) biofilm with Ruidexuccess and & & & \\  & & & & \\  & & & & \\  & & & & \\  & & & & \\  & & & & \\  & & & & \\  & & & & \\  & & & & \\  & & & & \\  & & & & \\ \hline
**Tolome** [102] & N-doped TiO\({}_{3}\)/PP & Microbial consortium & & & \\  & & & & \\  & & & & \\  & & & & \\  & & & & \\  & & & & \\  & & & \\  & & & & \\  & & & \\  & & & \\ \hline
**Prennell** (00 mg/1.0) [109] & C8@SiO\({}_{3}\)/P8T nanocomposite photocatalystqt & Adapted & & & \\  & under intermittent visible light irradiation & Pseudomonas putida cells & & \\  & & & & \\  & & & & \\  & & & & \\  & & & \\  & & & \\  & & & & \\  & & & \\ \hline
**Prenelum recovery** wastevater [9] & Anatase nanocrystalline particle TiO\({}_{3}\) (14 nm), & Microbial consortium in Membrane Breenot, & & \\  & & & & \\  & & & & \\  & & & & \\  & & & \\  & & & \\  & & & \\  & & & \\ \hline
**Bennene** (100 mg/1.0), toluene(00 mg/1.0), and & Zinc sulfide (268) nanoparticles (20-90 nm), UV-A & & & \\  & & & \\  & & & \\  & & & \\  & & & \\  & & & \\  & & & \\  & & & \\  & & & \\ \hline
**TOC–total organic carbon; TN–total nitrogen, TRP–thermal-responsive polymer, which was composed of \(N\)-isopropyl acrylamide, acrylamide and the cross-linker \(NN\)-methyleniscacrylamide; PP–polypropylene; FOHr–photocatalytic optical hollow fibers; DOC–dissolved organic carbon.** & & \\ \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 3: Variants of the intimate coupling of photocatalysis and biodegradation (ICPB) for hydrocarbon pollutants treatment \({}^{\star}\). Among the known ICPB processes involving NCs, processes with TiO\({}_{2}\) and its derivatives predominate, which provide the destruction of toluene [102], phenanthrene [105], pyrene [106], phenol, 4-chlorophenol (4-CP) and 4-fluorophenol (4-FP) [107], 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene [108] and petroleum refinery wastewater [99]. For those processes, where a comparative assessment of the effectiveness of joint and separate applications of biocatalysis and photocatalysis was carried out, the ICPB priority was shown [106,108]. The processes of hybrid biological and photocatalytic degradation of PAHs in soil with Ag\({}_{3}\)PO\({}_{4}\)@Fe\({}_{3}\)O\({}_{4}\) and in water with Mn\({}_{3}\)O\({}_{4}\)/MnO\({}_{2}\)- Ag\({}_{3}\)PO\({}_{4}\) have been studied with the combined use of microbial BCs and NCs with photocatalytic activity in visible light [103,104]. The test of biocompatibility showed that Ag\({}_{3}\)PO\({}_{4}\)@Fe\({}_{3}\)O\({}_{4}\) had practically no negative effect on the activity of soil microorganisms.