# Evidence of Volatility Metals and Metalloids at Environment Conditions
## 1 Introduction  
The problem of air pollution caused by mine tailings poses a great danger due to its impact on the composition of the environment and on the various communities that live nearby. The atmospheric transport of metal and metalloid contaminants plays a huge role in the global, regional, and local processes of migration and in the redistribution of elements, and has important health and environmental implications [1]. The atmosphere is much more mobile than the hydrosphere and lithosphere [1; 2; 3; 4]. The elements involved in the atmospheric-transport processes can be present in the form of gases, dispersed particles of various sizes (particulate matter [PM]), and ions sorbed by them. The main method of assessment air pollution is collecting airborne samples using different devices: a high-volume air sampler [5; 6], a proton-induced X-ray emission spectroscopy cascade impactor (PCI) sampler [7; 8], the 10-stage micro-orifice uniform deposit impactor MOUDI [9; 10], and high-volume samplers [11]. These methods are used to collect PM with different dimensions (>16 \(\upmu\)m \(\div\) 0.5-0.25 \(\upmu\)m). The determination of the mass, chemical, and mineral compositions of PM provides information on the concentrations of the elements in the air and the forms of their occurrence [12; 13; 14; 15; 16; 17], which allows the assessment of the toxicity and bioavailability of aerosols [11; 18; 19]. The migration of metals in the air as part of both fine and ultrafine aerosol particles is considered the main mechanism of air pollution in regions affected by abandoned mine tailings [20; 21]. The study by [PERSON] [22] provided data on the metal contents (Pb, Zn, Cd) in the blood, feces, and urine of children from three townships near the abandoned lead-zinc mine in Kabwe. It was determined that the children living in townships that were close to and in the direction of the prevailing winds from the abandoned mine dumps recorded the highest concentrationsof metals in their bodies. The authors concluded that polluted dust was the main exposure route for the affected townships. It should be noted that in addition to these two main forms of transport in the atmosphere, there is a very interesting low-temperature vapor-gas transport of a wide range of chemical elements, which is little discussed in the literature. The possibility of migration of chemical elements with a true vapor-gas phase at low temperatures and the formation of volatile metal complexes is considered in the literature only for a number of chemical elements. The possibility of entering the atmosphere and further transport due to the formation of volatile hydrides or biomethylation for As, Se, Cd, Sn, Sb, Te, Hg, and Pb has been fairly well studied [23; 24]. A few works are devoted to volatile metal compounds and their transport in the atmosphere in the form of volatile carbonyl complexes of Ni, Co, Mo, and W. The most important work in this area was carried out by [PERSON], and results were obtained on the study of gases emanating from landfills and municipal sewage treatment plant [24; 25; 26]. The authors confirmed the possibility of gaseous emissions of a wide range of elements in the alkylated forms, hydrides, and carbonyl complexes using gas chromatography methods with mass spectrometric detection. Our earlier works also showed the possibility of low-temperature vapor-gas transfer of chemical elements, both from solid matter and from solutions [27; 28]. It has shown that the steam-gas flow both above the surface of sulfide tailings and in the background sites carries a wide range of elements, including alkali, alkaline earth, ore-forming metals, and metalloids. These results were obtained during the collection and analysis of condensates of steam-gas flows from sulfide tailings in field and laboratory experiments. The question of the forms of transfer of elements remains very relevant with ultrafine particles with sorbed metals, as is widely described in the literature [10], or in true-gas forms.