# Quality Assessment of Honey Powders Obtained by High- and Low-Temperature Spray Drying
## 3 Results and Discussion
### Aroma Compounds
Additionally, [PERSON] et al., 2019, showed that the content of furfural in honeydew honey samples was 0.04 mg/100 g solids [34], while in our study, it was about 1.00 \(\pm\) 0.01 mg/100 g in samples, which were reconstituted from spray-dried samples in the traditional way (HH-SD). [PERSON], [PERSON], [PERSON], and [PERSON], 2005, performed the GC-MS analyses of 20 nectar and honeydew kinds of honey [35]. They reported that the most abundant volatiles of kinds of honey aroma was as follows: 3-methyl-3-buten-1-ol, acetic acid, furfural, benzyl alcohol, and 2-phenylethanol. Moreover, [PERSON] et al, 2005, pointed out that one of the most characteristic aroma compounds of honeydew honey was butane-2,3-diol [35]. Our studies also indicate the major presence of butane-2,3-diol in reconstituted honeydew honey (HH) samples. The highest concentration of butane-2,3-diol was reported in reconstituted honeybee honey spray-dried with dehumidified air HH-DASD (11.10 \(\pm\) 3.36 mg/100 g solids) and the lowest content in reconstituted samples, which were spray-dried by traditional method HH-SD (1.20\(\pm\)0.24 mg/100 g solids). These observations may suggest that spray drying with dehumidified air (HH-DASD) better preserve aroma compounds found in honeydew honey than traditional spray drying (HH-SD). \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c} \hline \hline \multicolumn{5}{c}{**Position of Bands (cm\({}^{-1}\))**} \\ \hline
**RH-SD** & **RH-DASD** & **HH-SD** & **HH-DASD** & **Type and Origin of Vibrations** \\ \hline
3333 & 3333 & 3337 & 3329 & \(\
u\) (O-H) in H\({}_{2}\)O \\ \hline
2976 & 2973 & 2969 & 2976 & \\
2930 & 2926 & 2930 & 2930 & \(\
u\) (C-H) in CH\({}_{2}\) and CH\({}_{3}\) group or/and \(\
u\) (NH\({}_{3}\)) of free amino acids \\
2890 & 2883 & 2894 & 2886 & \\ \hline
1641 & 1645 & 1647 & 1645 & \(\delta\) (O-H) in H\({}_{2}\)O \\ \hline
1456 & 1454 & 1450 & 1452 & \(\delta\) (-O-CH) and \(\delta\) (-C-H) \\ \hline
1414 & 1415 & 1414 & 1412 & \(\delta\) (O-H) in C-OH group + \(\delta\) (C-H) in the alkenes \\ \hline
1364 & \(-\) & 1366 & 1360 & \(\delta\) (-OH) in C-OH group \\
1341 & 1341 & 1343 & 1341 & \(\delta\) (-OH) in C-OH group \\ \hline
1263 & 1263 & 1267 & 1263 & \\
1240 & 1238 & \(-\) & 1222 & \(\
u\) (C-H) in carbohydrates or/and \(\
u\) (C-O) in carbohydrates \\
1202 & 1188 & 1200 & \(-\) & \\ \hline
1144 & 1140 & 1150 & 1140 & \(\
u\) (C–H) in carbohydrates \\ \hline
1100 & 1102 & 1104 & 1102 & \(\
u\) (C-O) in C-O-C group \\ \hline
1079 & 1077 & 1079 & 1073 & \(\
u\) (C-O) in C-OH group or \(\
u\) (C-C) in the carbohydrate structure, \(\delta\) \\
1033 & 1035 & 1037/1024 & 1041 & (C–H) \\
993 & 995 & 989 & 988 & (C–H) \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 4: The location of the maxima of absorption bands FTIR with the arrangement of appropriate vibration for selected for sampling: RH-SD, RH-DASD, HH-SD, HH-DASD made in terms of spectral 3750–690 cm\({}^{-1}\). Comparing the total content of aroma compounds found in reconstituted samples of rapeseed (RH) and honeybee honey (HH), and feed solutions, it can be observed that the total concentration of aroma compounds in feed solutions was significantly lower than in reconstituted samples. Probably during the drying, new compounds were formed, and the macromolecular compounds were broken down into small, more volatile compounds, which were easier to determine with the use of the SPME method. [PERSON] et al., 2018, also reported the increase in aroma compounds in spray-dried donkey milk compared to fresh milk [36]. They described that the volatile's profile of the reconstituted spray-dried donkey milk was the most complex and probably because of some irreversible changes, e.g., the Maillard-type reactions, which probably have occurred also in honey samples investigated in our study. Rapeseed feed solution contained 11.31 \(\pm\) 4.43 mg of volatiles in 100 g solids and honeydew honey 85.59 \(\pm\) 2.80 mg/100 g of solids, respectively.