## 3 Results
### Results of Individual Studies  
The included studies highlighted that different surface disinfection methods may be performed in order to prevent the indirect nosocomial transmission of SARS-CoV-2 (Table 1) by inactivating its virulence. [PERSON] et al. [27] analysed different surfaces of healthcare settings, without specifying the department in which the analysis was conducted. According to this review, a significant inactivation of SARS-CoV (isolate FFM-1 and Hanoi strain) infectivity was reached in suspension tests using the following disinfect agents: the utilization of 78-95% ethanol guaranteed a viral activity reduction of approximately 4 log\({}_{10}\) or more (with a contact time of 30 s). The same result was obtained with glutaraldehyde0.5% (contact time of 2 min) and 2.5% (contact time of 5 min) acting against Isolate FFM-1 and Hanoi Strain, respectively, while the 30 s contact of 100% concentration of 2-propanol with contaminated surfaces lead to the viral activity reduction of 3.3 log\({}_{10}\) or more. More than 4.3 log\({}_{10}\) viral activity reduction resulted after the application of 2-propanol 45% combined with 1-propanol 30% for 30 s. Formaldehyde 0.7-1% (contact time of 2 min) and povidence iodine 0.23-1% (contact time of 1 min) provided a viral activity reduction equal to or higher than 3 log\({}_{10}\). Carrier tests, reported in the same study, demonstrated that when 70% ethanol, 0.1% and 0.5% sodium hypochlorite, and 2% glutaraldehyde are allowed to act for 1 min on the contaminated surface, they brought to a viral activity reduction of 3.0 log\({}_{10}\) or more. Coronavirus 2 is a new virus, and for this reason, limited research is available to date: in fact, the authors specified that the data reported in their study referred to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronaviruses for suspension tests and to human coronaviruses in general for carrier tests and that they expect similar effects against the novel SARS-CoV-2. [PERSON] et al. [28] shared a surface disinfection protocol to manage the transmission of the pathogen in operating rooms (OR). This protocol requires the use of disinfection wipes (with anti-viral activity) containing a quaternary ammonium compound and alcohol, and for improved routine and terminal cleaning, it foresaw the utilization of a quaternary ammonium compound spray with a top down approach and 1-3 min of contact. This operation should be repeated twice, and at the end, a dry microfiber cloth should be used to wipe the disinfected surfaces. High-risk operating rooms should receive an additional measure, which include the use of ultraviolet light (UV-C) for 20-30 min. According to [PERSON] et al. [29], the disinfection of floors, surfaces, and computer screens of OR should be performed using Chlor-Clean (floor, surfaces) and Mikrozid (computer screens). For burn wards disinfection, [PERSON] [30] et al. demonstrated that 1000 mg/L chlorine-containing disinfect or 75% alcohol (with a contact time of 30 min) are effective on table surfaces, using a wipe or soak disinfection method and on the ground, using wipe or soak method (from the outside to indoors). Three of the included studies provided surfaces disinfection protocols for radiology departments [31; 32; 33]. The environmental protection agency (EPA)-registered disinfectants [34] against human coronaviruses (Table 2) are cited in the study by [PERSON] et al. [31] and in those by [PERSON] et al. [35], in order to clean all the SARS-CoV-2 contaminated surfaces of the interventional radiology department and dental care unit, respectively, such as hydrogen perioxide, phenolic, quaternary ammonium combined with ethanol or with isopropanol, and sodium hypochlorite. [PERSON] et al. [32] proposed the application on the surfaces of 1000 mg/L chlorine-containing disinfectants, wiping it twice with 75% ethanol and the use of 1000 mg/L chlorine-containing disinfectants once every 4 h for the ground cleaning.