## 5 Directions for Further Studies
Alternatively, it is also essential to focus on structural and ambient designs to better accommodate IoT devices. For example, designs can include the use of material that enhances wireless coverage by reducing signal absorption, reflection, and noise. Moreover, additional spaces need to be allocated to accommodate miniature mechanical devices (e.g., motors and solenoids) needed to automate windows and blinds, as well as internal wiring and wireless power transmission devices. Making old buildings smarter, without affecting their look and feel, introduces a higher cost, which can affect the adoption of smart homes. In all scenarios, the development of mechanisms to access buildings in the event of total failure of these smart systems (e.g., power failure) is also of interest. In line with the integration and developing smart home systems, the following directions also can be considered for further investigations:  
* Extending insights derive at a home level to neighborhood, community, city level and vice versa for more meaningful smart decisions/actions-Federated learning
* Authentication, authorization, and compliance with policies like the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR)
* Tracking the logs of data and corresponding actions to enhance systems and future actions, as well as find faults and responsible parties for incorrect actions (Blockchain can be a potential solution.) Some potential improvements are listed as follows, which can address potential problems in the literature:  
* Implementation of high performance and cost-efficient sensors; for example, the use of small wireless, self-powered, and long-life sensors and actuators that are pervasive that users do not even feel they exist. The coverage of wireless signals, absorption, and reflections should be considered. * Simplified modes of internal networks and wireless power transmission need improvements in a way to accommodate devices, sensors, and actuators for real-time functioning. * Development of miniature sensors and tools, such as motors and solenoids, which are required for automating the interactions, including the control of windows, blinds, and doors. * Connection to smart building systems and developing novel mechanisms to connect to pathfinding systems for implementing emergency scenarios and evacuation, considering the total failure of networks and power supply. Smart technology implementation on existing non-smart buildings, including adoption and implementation scenarios. Theories of technology adoption and implementation, and the role of vendors [93] in the process of technology diffusion [94; 95], adoption [71; 95; 96; 97; 98], and implementation [99; 5], in general, and in different contexts are discussed in the literature [71; 98]. This article also suggested that another type of \"sensors\" should be investigated, which is known as'social sensors'. Many data-centric applications could benefit from incorporating social elements into their analytical models. For example, the proliferation of sensing devices in everyday use, such as smartphones and wearable devices linking social data with sensors, can create effective solutions for various real-time information tracking or highly personalized recommendation. In particular, medical device data linked with a person's social sensing data could lead to making long term predictions on diseases or lifestyle or to faster responses to emergency or alert situations. An important factor in smart home technology development is \"privacy\", which is considered as a huge challenge for the successful development of IoT and smart home applications. Privacy and security preserving analytics are required to be considered for smart home data. In particular, for health, people may be sensitive about the data being shared, and so technological solutions that (i)increases the transparency of the data processing and (ii) provides adequate controls over the data to its owners are a must. Another research direction is the effective management of data quality.