## 3 Simulation Results and Analysis
### Prevention Measures for Water Intrusion Disasters in the Tunnel Approaching the Fault  
The information on the evolutionary process of water intrusion disasters in fault fracture zones is crucial for guiding the safe construction of tunnels. Without such information, the research would be merely \"castles in the air\". Disaster prevention measures based on unfavorable geological information serve as a bridge connecting the catastrophe information characteristics of water inrush disaster and actual construction situation of the tunnel. The prevention measures for water intrusion disaster should be formulated based on the development scale of the fault in front of the tunnel working face. Different levels of water inrush require different prevention measures. The higher the water pressure of the fault, the higher the level of the water inrush will happen in the tunnel, the higher level preventive measures need to be implemented. Currently, the main control measures for water inrush in tunnel fault fracture zones include support, drainage, and sealing measures. Drainage is primarily achieved through \"remote drainage decompression\" to reduce groundwater pressure, while sealing is mainly accomplished through \"near-end grouting\" to strengthen the fault fracture zone and improve its strength. This paper summarizes the prevention and control strategies for water inrush disasters in tunnels near water-rich faults during the construction period. Based on a comprehensive advanced geological prediction method, combined with advanced water pressure detection and the laws of surrounding rock displacement and seepage pressure changes in tunnels near water-rich faults, the application of advanced grouting technology and pipe-roof support measures are used to establish water inrush disaster prevention and control measures, as shown in Figure 7.  
The comprehensive prediction approach combines advanced geological forecasting, ahead-of-face water pressure detection, and the laws governing surrounding rock displacement and seepage pressure changes in tunnels near water-rich faults. The comprehensive advanced geological forecasting method utilizes a combination of seismic, transient electromagnetic, ground-penetrating radar, and pre-drilling techniques to predict the conditions  
Figure 7: Prevention and control measures for water inrush of the tunnel approaching the rich-water fault. of the surrounding rock in front of the tunnel working face near the fault. The catastrophe information characteristics of surrounding rock in tunnels working face near water-rich faults indicate that both the displacement field and the seepage field will undergo corresponding changes prior to the occurrence of water and sand intrush disasters triggered by the nearby fault. By integrating the precursory information characteristics, the results of field monitoring and advanced geological forecasting, and the laws governing surrounding rock displacement and seepage pressure changes. The potential for water intrush disasters in tunnels near water-rich faults can be predicted and verified. Timely decision-making and the implementation of suitable engineering measures can often prevent water intrush disasters in tunnels near water-rich faults, thus avoiding economic losses and project delays. Common preventive measures include pre-grouting reinforcement and pre-pipe roof support. Pre-grouting reinforcement densities the rock mass, enhances the overall integrity of the rock mass, allowing a range of rock layers to bear the load together, thereby increasing its resistance to bending and shear forces. Injecting grout into rock layers via small guide tubes improves the mechanical properties of the surrounding rock. The pre-pipe roof support technique creates an integrated load-bearing structure through borehole grouting and pipe roof installation, effectively supporting and reinforcing the surrounding rock on both sides of the tunnel, and preventing collapses.