## 4 Discussion
While the DPIA click&go tool notably streamlines the process, it is essential to emphasize that complete automation is neither achieved nor aspired, even after the incorporation of the existing, institute's internal DPIAs. Human participation remains crucial, involving a careful review of proposed risks, their alignment with the project's specifics, identification of any missing risks, their potential inclusion, and an evaluation of the suggested risk scores and TOMs for their relevance and potential risk reduction. Otherwise, risks, TOMs, and/or logic errors remain uncorrected. Consequently, the tool's propositions demand evaluation, and the DPIA's finetuning necessitates a multidisciplinary team, particularly those well-versed in \(\Pi\), to ensure comprehensive risk consideration. \(\Pi\) experts provide the required technical understanding of the whole data life cycle and all involved IT-relevant components, which is integral in order to provide a secure application. Despite the possibility of displaying the complete list of TOMs and risks as well as providing an internal search function, the tool needs careful and regular maintenance to prevent multiple entries describing the exact same risk or TOM. Moreover, it is important to note that the DPIA click&go tool does not hold any legal binding, serving solely as a resource for suggestions. It enriches the understanding of DPIA-relevant risks, fostering an improved workflow for DPIA formulation. It should also be stressed that the execution of TOMs derived from the DPIA is not provided by the DPIA click&go tool but has to be implemented for each institute individually. The design of the DPIA click&go tool prioritizes universality, and thus, it does not encompass the project-specific description segment, which inherently varies across institutes and encompasses unique factors such as project summary, acquired data, name of collaboration partners, and their specific functions within the project. This segment typically functions as the preamble to the DPIA. It is important to acknowledge that the evaluation of the DPIA click&go tool was initially confined to internal hospital projects, with the showcased project serving as a use case in which the authors hold a profound understanding of the risks and intricate technical aspects. This deliberate approach was essential to establish a robust assessment of the tool's performance. Moving forward, our efforts will focus on applying the tool to diverse hospital projects where the authors are not involved, expanding the breadth of assessment. Our alignment with the GDPR principles and regulations has been paramount in shaping the DPIA click&go tool's universal relevance, although we acknowledge the potential bias introduced by our internal data protection perspective and local legal regulations. Consequently, the testing of the tool on different internal use cases is followed by its introduction in other German hospitals or institutes that operate under distinct local data protection laws and institute-specific guidelines. A subsequent phase involves translation and adaptation of the tool to adhere to legal frameworks in various countries. Next to the described steps toward greater internal, national, and international dissemination, future endeavors will also be directed toward the expansion of the tool's capabilities with the integration of a natural language processing (NLP) plugin, enabling tailored suggestions for text snippets. The incorporation of an NLP plugin stands to augment our capacity to aid non-legal experts in refining their text snippets by offering nuanced recommendations. Additionally, the utilization of an NLP-based plugin presents an opportunity to introduce a chatbot, thereby further streamlining the DPIA generation process. This enhancement aims to facilitate a more flexible and institution-specific generation of DPIA reports.