## 2 Results
However, cl_672515 (three isoforms) corresponding to ANN15897-RA, and cl_195343 corresponding to ANN15899-RA were more highly expressed in newly hatched larvae. Regarding repetitive sequences, we annotated repetitive elements of the newly assembled genome of _A. domesticus_ along with those in previously sequenced orthopteran genomes. We compared the repetitive elements in the genome assemblies of _A. domesticus_ to those in other crickets (_Apteronembius asaltinai_, _Gryllus bimaculatus_, _Laupala kohalensis_, _Teleogryllus occipitalis_, _T. oceanicus_) and a locust, _Locusta migratoria_. This approach identified repetitive elements ranging from 33.00% of the _G. bimaculatus_ genome to 58.13% of the _L. migratoria_ genome (Table 2). Among the cricket genomes, _A. domesticus_ had the highest overall content of repetitive elements at 49.42%. Among the major classes of the repetitive elements, DNA transposons were the most abundant element in the _A. domesticus_ genome, accounting for 8.26% (Figure 4A). The major classes of repetitive elements in the cricket genomes examined were not uniformly present but were biased by species. For example, in the cricket genomes, _L. kohalensis_ LINE had the highest abundance at 13.4% while _G. bimaculatus_ and _T. oceanicus_ had only 3.34% and 4.04% LINE, respectively. Because repetitive elements, in particular transposable elements (TEs), are well-known contributors to genome size expansion in a wide range of insect species [53; 54], we further examined the relative contribution of repetitive elements to the genome sizes of the orthopteran species. There was a significant correlation between total contents of repetitive elements and genome sizes in Orthoptera species (\(p\) = 0.024 and R2 = 0.61) (Figure S6a). Because the contribution of the large genome size of _L. migratoria_ may be significant in this analysis, we excluded the data of _L. migratoria_ in the analysis and found that there was no correlation (\(p\) = 0.166 and R2 = 0.27 (Figure S6b). We then dissected the repetitive elements into the major classes of TEs (i.e., SINE, LINE, LTR, DNA, and rolling circle) and investigated their contributions to genome size. As a result, we found that LINE, LTR elements and DNA transposon may contribute to the expansion of genome size in Orthoptera (LINE, \(p\) < 0.001 and R2 = 0.63; LTR, \(p\) < 0.001 and R2 = 0.58; DNA, \(p\) < 0.001 and R2 = 0.94) (Figure 4B). When _L. migratoria_ data was excluded, we found that the contents of LTR elements and DNA transposon were positively correlated with genome sizes (LTR, \(p\) < 0.001 and R2 = 0.43; DNA, \(p\) < 0.001 and R2 = 0.50) (Figure S6a). \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Species** & **Genome Size (bp)** & **Repetitive** & **Median Length** & **Mean Length of** \\  & **Content (\%)** & **of Intron (bp)** & **Intron (bp)** \\ \hline _Acheta domesticus_ & 2,254,915,693 & 49.42 & 602 & 1720.0 \\ \hline _Apteronembius asaltinai_ & 1,676,217,857 & 39.68 & 356 & 1000.4 \\ \hline _Gryllus bimaculatus_ & 1,658,007,496 & 33.00 & 699 & 4124.6 \\ \hline _Laupala kohalensis_ & 1,595,214,429 & 43.16 & 802 & 2001.7 \\ \hline _Locusta migratoria_ & 6,476,667,755 & 58.13 & 6307 & 11,988.4 \\ \hline _Teleogryllus occipitalis_ & 1,933,897,352 & 45.90 & 864 & 2974.3 \\ \hline _Teleogryllus acanicus_ & 2,045,067,382 & 38.91 & 719 & 2453.7 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 2: Comparison of the size of the genome of orthopteran species, repetitive content, and the mean length of introns. Figure 4: Transposable elements (TEs) in publicly available orthopteran genomes (six crickets, including _Acheta domesticus_, _Apleronemobius asahtinai_, _Gryllus bimaculatus_, _Laupala kohalensis_, _Teleogryllus occipitalis_, _Teleogryllus oceanicus_, and one locust, _Locusta migratoria_). (**A**) Contents of representative repetitive elements, including TEs, in Orthoptera.