# Implementation of a Blood Cold Chain System Using Blockchain Technology
## 2 Related Work
### Blood Cold Chain Management  
Supply chain management integrates core business processes and information through customers and retailers, and wholesalers, manufactures, and suppliers, which adds value for customers and other stakeholders [8]. Supply chain management incorporates very complicated processes that require synchronization of various activities resulting in randomness and supply chain risk [9; 10], [PERSON] et al. defined supply chain risk management as \"the management of risk that implies both strategic and operational horizons for long-term and short-term assessment\". [PERSON] and [PERSON] [11] determined the impact of standardized management systems on minimizing selected aspects of risk in the supply chain.  
[PERSON] and [PERSON] [12] offered a literature review on sustainable supply chain management and proposed a conceptual framework for the research in this field. They also presented core issues in sustainable supply chain management based on a Delphi study [13]. [PERSON] and [PERSON] [14] identified and analyzed drivers of sustainable supply chain management that influence or encourage organizations to endeavor sustainability initiatives and implement sustainable solutions. [PERSON] et al. [15] characterized the conditions and barriers related to the implementation of United Nation's Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in supply chains.  
[PERSON] et al. [16] proposed a blood supply chain network that minimizes cost and risk by representing the decay characteristics of blood as an arc multiplier. [PERSON] et al. [17] introduced a network design that uses an optimization model for disaster-scenario blood supply. [PERSON] et al. [6] proposed a probabilistic supply chain model that takes into account disaster-scenario cost and delivery time. [PERSON] and [PERSON] [18] designed a blood supply chain to handle urgent requests from blood supply units in the event of an earthquake. They presented a multi-level, multi-objective mathematical model to minimize the cost of the blood supply chain network and maximize the reliability of the selected routes for blood transportation. [PERSON] et al. [19] developed a supply model incorporating mixed-integer linear programming that simultaneously considers location, allocation, inventory, and delivery. [PERSON] et al. [20] sought to support the decision-making process in the blood supply chain using both a geographic information system and data mining techniques.  
There are two main problems with the existing blood cold chain that have not been addressed in previous studies. First, there is the problem of insufficient information visibility of the blood information system. Second, there is the problem of delay of blood transportation in an emergency due to a centralized blood supply system. The blood supply chain is not only about storing and distributing blood, but it is also an important issue in the medical field related to a patient's life. Therefore, it is necessary to improve the problem of information sharing in a blood supply chain and to prepare a method to cope with urgent demand by using blockchain technology, as in this research.