## 4 Result and Discussion
### Comparative Analysis with Other Methods
At a time of 100 seconds, the proposed model achieves a throughput of 2110, compared to the throughputs of the existing methods, which are 1780, 1510, and 1340, respectively. So, the proposed method is to enable higher actual throughput while reducing total expenses for overhead. Figure 20 shows the end-to-end delay of the proposed and existing methods by varying nodes. For Node 20, the proposed method achieves an end-to-end delay of 15.2, compared to the end-to-end delays of the existing SRABC, HEDAR, and SETORD methods, which are 16.5, 17.3, and 18.4, respectively. For Node 40, the proposed method achieves an end-to end delay of 16.3, compared to the end-to-end delays of the existing methods, which are 17.8, 18, and 19.1, respectively. For Node 60, the proposed method achieves an end-to-end delay of 16.6, compared to the existing methods' end-to-end delays, which are 18.2, 19.1, and 20, respectively. For Node 80, the proposed method achieves an end-to-end delay of 18.4, compared to the existing methods' end-to-end delays, which are 19.4, 20.1, and 21.3, respectively. For Node 100, the proposed method achieves an end-to-end delay of 19.1, compared to existing methods' end-to-end delays, which are 19.7, 21 and 22, respectively. The figure demonstrates that, in comparison to the preceding method, the end-to-end delay is insignificant. For Node 100, the existing SRABC method node is 19.7, which the proposed method im-proves to 0.6. For Node 100, the existing HEDAR method node is 21, which the pro-posed method improves to 1.9. For Node 100, the existing SETORD method node is 22, which the proposed method improves to 2.9. Figure 21 shows the packet-delivery ratio of proposed and existing methods by varying nodes. For Node 20, the proposed method achieves a packet-delivery ratio of 99, compared to existing SRABC, HEDAR, and SETORD methods' packet-delivery ra-tios of 98.7, 96, and 95. For Node 40, the proposed method achieves a packet-delivery ratio of 99.1, compared to existing methods' packet-delivery ratios, which are 98.8, 96.8, and 96.2, respectively. For Node 60, the proposed method achieves a packet-delivery ratio of 99.4, compared to existing methods' packet-delivery ratios, which are 99.2, 97.4, and 97, respectively. Figure 19: Throughput (packets) of the proposed methods by varying time. For Node 80, the proposed method achieves a pack-et-delivery ratio of 99.6, compared to existing methods' packet-delivery ratios, which are 99.4, 98.5, and 98.2, respectively. For Node 100, the proposed method achieves a packet-delivery ratio of 99.8, compared to existing methods' packet-delivery ratios of 99.5, 99.4, and 99.1, respectively. So, the proposed method produces better results than other methods. For Node 100, the existing SRABC method node is 99.5, which the pro-posed method improves to 0.3. For Node 100, the existing HEDAR method node is 99.4, which the proposed method improves to 0.4. For Node 100, the existing SETORD method node is 99.1, which the proposed method improves to 0.7. Figure 22 shows the routing overhead (%) of the proposed methods by varying nodes. At a time of 20 seconds, the proposed model achieves a routing overhead of 4, compared to the routing overheads of the existing SRABC, HWMP, and GRP methods which are 9, 12, and 17, respectively. At a time of 40 seconds, the proposed model achieves a routing overhead of 15.5, compared to the existing method's routing over-heads, which are 21, 24, and 32, respectively. At a time of 60 seconds, the proposed model achieves a routing overhead of 31.2, compared to the existing method's routing overheads which are 37, 41, and 53, respectively. At a time of 80 seconds, the proposed model achieves a routing overhead of 42.1, compared to the existing method's routing overheads, which are 48, 53, and 61, respectively. At a time of 100 seconds, the pro-posed model achieves a routing overhead of 64.3, compared to the existing method's routing overheads, which are 69, 74, and 82, respectively.