## 4 Conclusions  
In this study, a comprehensive theoretical model was utilized to investigate the influence of waste temperature on LFG transport through a capillary barrier cover. The simulation results underscore that waste temperature significantly affects the temperature gradient within the cover, which in turn influences moisture distribution, evaporation rates, and the efficiency of CH\({}_{4}\) oxidation. As waste temperature increases, the temperature gradient within the cover becomes more pronounced, enhancing evaporation rates and thereby influencing the moisture content. This phenomenon contributes to variations in CH\({}_{4}\) oxidation efficiency, as more suitable temperatures generally promote more effective CH\({}_{4}\) degradation by methanotrophic bacteria. Furthermore, the results also reveal that excessively high temperatures can lead to decreased soil moisture content, potentially limiting microbial activity due to reduced moisture availability. A suitable initial soil moisture content supports higher CH\({}_{4}\) oxidation rates by facilitating O\({}_{2}\) diffusion, whereas either an excessively low or high moisture content impedes microbial activity. Additionally, the LFG generation rate significantly influences both moisture transfer and the CH\({}_{4}\) oxidation efficiency. Excessive LFG generation rates can result in reduced air diffusion depth and concentration within the cover, thereby limiting the activity efficiency of CH\({}_{4}\)-oxidizing microorganisms. This study provides crucial insights into the complex interplay between temperature, moisture, and LFG dynamics, emphasizing the importance of accounting for the impact of waste temperature on moisture evaporation and MAMO within the cover when optimizing the design of landfill cover systems. Future research could explore the influence of waste temperature on vegetation growth in the cover, which may significantly affect the overall service performance of the cover system.  
Conceptualization, T.W. and G.C.; methodology, T.W.; software, H.Y. and J.C.; validation, T.W., H.Y. and J.C.; formal analysis, H.X.; investigation, L.Z.; data curation, H.Y. and J.C.; writing--original draft preparation, T.W.; writing--review and editing, G.C.; visualization, H.X. and L.Z.; funding acquisition, T.W. and G.C. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.  
This research was funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 42307197), the Fundamental Science (Natural Science) Research project of Colleges and Universities in Jiangsu Province (22 KJB560003), the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (Grant No. 2023M743058), and the Zhejiang Provincial Postdoctoral Science Foundation (Grant No. ZJ2023111).  
Not applicable.  
The raw data supporting the conclusions of this article will be made available by the authors on request.  
The authors would like to express their sincere gratitude to [PERSON] from the Key Laboratory of Safe Construction and Intelligent Maintenance for Urban Shield Tunnels of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou City University, for his invaluable assistance during the preparation of this manuscript. His support, particularly in the form of technical advice and insightful feedback, has greatly contributed to the quality of this work.  
Author [PERSON] was employed by the company Zhejiang Boao Construction Co., Ltd. The remaining authors declare that the re-search was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.