# Study on the Extraction Method for Ecological Corridors under the Cumulative Effect of Road Traffic
## 1 Introduction
Morphological spatial pattern analysis (MSPA) can objectively and accurately identify ecological sources by relying only on land cover data, and this method has been widely used in ecological source identification [12; 13] to improve the rationality of ecological source selection. In constructing ecological corridors, the magnitude of spatial resistance to be overcome to connect the target landscape is generally calculated by establishing a resistance surface, and many studies have used land use as the basis for resistance computation. However, even for the same land cover class, ecological resistance differences still exist. In the study [14], influencing factors such as nighttime light intensity and altitude were identified according to the characteristics of the study area, so that the results could better reflect the ecological resistance differences in the study area. The construction of a road completely changes the status of ground cover on the one hand, and on the other hand, with the opening and uninterrupted use of the road, noise pollution, light pollution, etc., will continue to be generated, all of which will have a huge impact on the surrounding environment. At the landscape scale, the main ecological impacts of road networks are the disruption of landscape processes and loss of biodiversity. Road networks interrupt horizontal ecological flows and alter the spatial patterns of the landscape, thereby suppressing important interior species [15]. Meanwhile, visual and auditory systems mediate basic behaviors, including foraging, predator avoidance, territorial defense, and mating decisions [16]. Many animal species, especially birds, rely heavily on acoustic signals for intraspecific communication [17]. Anthropogenic noise and artificial lighting are sensory pollutants that have been increasing in recent decades, and they constitute a global environmental challenge to terrestrial and aquatic environments [18]. There is growing evidence that noise and nighttime lighting have strong ecological consequences [19]. Noise, characterized by a high-amplitude and low-frequency spectrum, is typical of habitats in and around human-altered landscapes [20; 21]. Studies have shown that the species richness and occurrence of birds are significantly reduced and the species composition of birds is significantly altered at sites near highways [22]. Noise pollution causes cognitive impairment, distraction, stress, and behavioral and physiological changes that directly affect wildlife and humans [23]. A large body of literature studying the ecological effects of roads has repeatedly identified noise as a causal factor [24]. Of all the human disturbance impacts, noise pollution is a potentially underestimated threat that is expected to increase with urban expansion in the coming decades. It also has the potential to drive local extinctions and possible extinctions, as evidenced by declines in diversity and avoidance of noisy areas [25; 26]. In addition, noise pollution that alters the distribution or behavior of key species can have cascading effects on ecosystem integrity [27]. Birds are commonly used to assess environment-biodiversity relationships in urban and natural areas [28]. We analyzed and studied the optimal extraction of regional ecological corridors using birds as target species. In the case of birds, factors that directly contribute to population decline include habitat loss and degradation, as well as mortality due to motor vehicle collisions. Artificial light pollution from streetlights and car headlights at night may also influence nest-site selection of breeding birds, prompting them to expand their daytime range [29]. Due to birds' reliance on acoustic communication, noise may disrupt their acoustic communication, interfere with the detection of warning signals, and increase stress levels [20]. Males of territorial species use song to inform females of their breeding status [30] and provide them with indicators of their quality as potential mates [31; 32].