# Enhancing Real-Time Video Streaming Quality via MPT-GRE Multipath Network
## 8 Evaluation of Video Streaming Performance
The MSE values suggest that the MPT-GRE tunnel significantly reduces transmission errors and preserves the overall quality of 4K video streams compared to a single path. This evidence indicates that the tunnel is better suited to handle the high bandwidth demands of 4K videos, providing a more reliable solution for maintaining video fidelity during transmission. Analyzing the results in Table 4, we observed that the MPT-GRE tunnel outperforms the single path in every case. For example, the MPT-GRE tunnel consistently delivers PSNR values better and higher than the single path, as seen in videos with index 4 (41.7848 vs. 45.7863) and index 7 (27.5024 vs. 28.7276), by a difference of (4.0015 dB and 1.2252 dB), respectively. This means that the PSNR of the tunnel increased by (9.58% and 4.45%), respectively, over the single path in these cases. This evidence demonstrates the tunnel's ability to handle the high-bandwidth demands of 4K video streaming, ensuring near-original quality for viewers. In addition, videos with high differences in PSNR between the single path and the tunnel, such as the video with index 3 (24.5569 on the single path vs. 37.1987 on the MPT-GRE tunnel) and the video with index 6 (32.1704 on the single path vs. 42.7770 on the MPT-GRE tunnel), where the percentage improvements were (51.5% and 33%), respectively, show significant improvements when streamed through the MPT-GRE tunnel. The statistical analysis shows a significant improvement in PSNR when using the MPT tunnel compared to the single path. The mean PSNR for the MPT tunnel is 38.37 dB, which is considerably higher than the 30.19 dB recorded for the single path. This suggests that the MPT tunnel offers enhanced video quality. Furthermore, the 95% confidence intervals support this finding; the single path has a wider margin of error of \(\pm\)5.49 dB, while the MPT tunnel has a more precise margin of \(\pm\)4.91 dB, indicating that the performance of the MPT tunnel is more stable. The paired t-test yielded a statistic of \(-\)4.90 and a \(p\)-value of 0.0027, confirming that the observed difference is statistically significant (\(p<0.05\)), indicating a statistically significant difference between the two transmission methods, showing that the MPT tunnel greatly enhances PSNR compared to the single path. The PSNR values indicate that the multipath approach successfully maintains the original video quality. Additionally, the MPT-GRE tunnel benefits from multiple paths, which aggregate throughput, reduce congestion, and handle packet loss more effectively than a single path. Distributing packets over several paths helps sustain higher throughput, directly contributing to better video quality. Higher throughput minimizes interruptions, reduces jitter, and ensures a consistent data flow, preventing the quality degradation often observed with a single path  
From the results in both scenarios, SSIM, MSE, and PSNR metrics confirm that MPT-GRE tunneling outperforms single-path video metrics, particularly for high-quality video streaming. SSIM assesses structural similarity, with values closer to 1 representing higher similarity and good quality. In contrast, MSE calculates the mean squared difference \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c} \hline \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**Index**} & **PSNR** & **PSNR** \\  & **(Single Path)** & **(MPT Tunnel)** \\ \hline
1 & 32.4868 & 38.4877 \\
2 & 26.0574 & 37.6904 \\
3 & 24.5569 & 37.1987 \\
4 & 41.7848 & 45.7863 \\
5 & 26.7675 & 37.9238 \\
6 & 32.1704 & 42.7770 \\
7 & 27.5024 & 28.7276 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 4: Comparison of PSNR for 4K videos streaming via the single path and MPT-GRE tunnel. between original and transmitted pixel values, where lower values indicate better quality. Together, these metrics demonstrate that MPT-GRE provides a more reliable and higher-quality streaming experience than single-path, leveraging its high throughput to reduce errors and delays, maintain video quality, and offer users a satisfying viewing experience.