# DPSIR Model Applied to the Remediation of Contaminated Sites. A Case Study: Mar Piccolo of Taranto
## 8 Responses  
### Political Approach  
The sections D-P-S-I were essential to fully understand the critical framework of the Mar Piccolo area in all respects, laying the groundwork for proper measures to be taken. Many responses were given about the Mar Piccolo over the years but many more are still under study and testing. The main first interventions to give to a site with an environmental and sanitary crisis consist in responses with a structural-normative nature. Afterwards, on-site actions are essential after preliminary studies and plans. In 1986, with the national Law no. 349 of 8 July 1986, all Taranto territorial and marine zones were declared \"area of high risk of environmental crisis\". After an application made by the Apulia Region in 1988, with the Deliberation of the Italian Council of Ministers of 30 November 1990, a part of the province of the Taranto area (made of Taranto, Crispiano, Massafra, Montemesola municipalities) was declared \"area of high risk of environmental crisis\", reiterated with the Deliberation of 11/06/1997. Then, the Council of Ministers required the Italian Ministry of the Environment, in agreement with the Apulia Region and other local bodies, to draw an action plan up to remediate the Taranto province area. The plan, approved in 1997, defined typologies and costs of remedial interventions after preliminary characterization studies of all environmental matrices and sources of pollution. With the Decree of 10 January 2000, the Italian Ministry of the Environment defined the perimeter of the Contaminated Site of National Interest (SIN) of Taranto where the Mar Piccolo is also included, as shown in Figure 16.  
With subsequent Decree no. 468 of 18 September 2001, the Italian Ministry of the Environment approved the \"National Program of remediation and environmental restoration of contaminated sites of national interest\" defining priority interventions in terms of the identification of economic resources and definitions of a public tender for the implementation of the measures. After the results of a monitoring plan started in 2011 by the Italian Local Health Authority for the evaluation of contamination by PCDD/F and DL/PCB in M. Galloprovincialis of Mar Piccolo and Mar Grande, the ordinance no. 1989 of 22 July 2011 declared the prohibition of harvesting and handling mussels in the First Inlet. On 26 July 2012, the Italian Ministry of the Environment and the Protection of Territory and Sea, the Italian Ministry of Infrastructures and Transports, the Italian Ministry of Economic Development, the Italian Ministry for the Territorial cohesion, the Apulia Region, the Taranto province, Taranto Municipality, and the Special Commissioner of the Port of Taranto, signed a protocol of understanding aimed at:  
Figure 16: Localization of SIN Taranto (Ministerial Decree 10 January 2000). * Planning all the complex remediation strategies of all the sites with clear reachable objectives and times of approval, and the realization of interventions;
* Developing infrastructural interventions complementary to remediation actions;
* Identifying measures designed to increase the level of employment;
* Identifying incentives for local companies interested in adopting innovative environmental technologies;
* Identifying incentives for new investments, even for industrial requalification of the area;
* Carrying out and completing studies about environment and health connected to the presence of industrial plants in order to identify and realize measures of mitigation, reduction, and prevention. In 2014, with a Decree of the President of the Council of Ministers, the Special Commissioner of the Italian government for urgent measures of reclamation, environmental improvements, and the redevelopment of the Taranto area was nominated and, starting from 2015, was scientifically supported by the Polytechnic University of Bari, the National Research Council and the University of Bari.