## 5 Conclusions  
The findings in the current paper are in the context of the high value of products from _Plantaginaceae_ sp., polysaccharides, minerals and trace elements, polyphenols, and generally plantain-derived products, all of high interest for human health.  
In this context, laser experiments at 488, 514, 532, 552, 660, and 785 nm on the aqueous extracts from leaves of _Plantago lanceolata_ L. indicated interesting results and potential application in the current practice.  
Concerning the total extractible compounds in irradiated samples, laser-assisted extracts at 488, 514, 532, and 552 nm have revealed up to 6.52% dry matter increases in the aqueous extracts; laser-assisted extracts at 488 and 532 nm also revealed minerals and trace element acquisitions (up to 6.49%), the most prominent results being upon Fe (+38.27%) and Cr (+31.70%) at 488 nm, and Zn (+465%) at 532 nm. Significant increases in total phenolics, that exceed the potential variation of the batches, were noticed in extracts at 552 nm (+12.5%), 660 nm (+15.50%), and 785 nm (+15.50).  
Antioxidant activity measurements indicated laser-assisted extracts at 488, 514, 552, and 785 nm with more augmented antioxidant potency than the control extracts; the most prominent effects were noticed in the case of laser extract at 785 nm (27% increase in scavenger activity in comparison with control extract at 2 h, and 17% in comparison with control extract at 1 h), and at 488 nm (25% increase in scavenger activity in comparison with control extract at 2 h and 13% in comparison with control extract at 1 h); on the contrary, laser-assisted extract at 660 nm indicated the occurrence of radicalic species in the aqueous extracts from leaves of _P. lanceolata_, computed as (\(-\))37% pro-oxidant effect; laser-assisted extract at 532 nm indicated pro-oxidative effects by comparison with control sample at 1 h, and no effects by comparison with control sample at 2 h, together suggesting some reversible oxidative modifications in the vegetal matter and aqueous extracts at 532 nm, as the literature data have suggested [6].  
Regarding the effects on the viability of Caco-2 cells, laser-assisted extract at 488 nm generally induced the increase of the viability of Caco-2 cells, laser-assisted extract at 660 nm overall induced the decrease of the Caco-2 cell viability, while laser-assisted extract at 532 nm induced stimulatory effects bellow 25 ug GAE/mL sample, after that induced the decrease of the Caco-2 cell viability, likely by increasing the content of the pro-oxidant species in medium; also, it was observed that cytotoxic effects of the pro-oxidant compounds at 532 nm are stronger, but reversible, than that at 660 nm. The punctual analysis in the area of concentrations with practical value, from 5 to 10 ug GAE/mL sample respectively, indicated a similitude with the behavior observed in antioxidant activity assay; stimulatory activity of the extracts at 488 nm, no effects of extracts at 532 nm, and the decrease of the cell viability in the case of the extracts at 660 nm.  
Together, the present study reveals laser radiation in visible range as a feasible method to improve the extraction efficacy of minerals, trace elements, and phenolics in aqueous extracts from _Plantago lanceolata_, and at the same time to augment their antioxidant capacity.  
Further studies by spectroscopy methods (NIR, FTIR, Raman) are necessary, to explain the effects of laser radiation at 660 nm, proved with clear pro-oxidant effects.