## 3 Services for Smart Cities: The Human-Centric Designation  
The contemporary models of sustainable cities revolve around the smart city axis, i.e., cities that operate with a \"smart economy\", \"smart mobility\", \"smart environment\", \"smart people\", and \"smart living\" [5]. These solutions must be interconnected, enhance the residents' ties to the actual infrastructure of cities, focus on the integrated urban environment, and include all sectors and parameters that affect the quality of living. These fundamental areas of interest can be categorized as follows [6; 7]:  
* The term \"smart economy\" refers to e-business and e-commerce, increased production, and ICT (information and communications technology)-driven production and distribution processes, i.e., the integration of integrated communications and electronic systems in the modern era and ICT-oriented innovation, as well as new products, services, and business models;
* The concept of \"smart mobility\" gives priority to clean and non-motorized energy options over conventionally fueled transportation systems and infrastructure. Smart mobility also refers to all necessary information and the means of passing this information to the public in order to drastically reduce CO\({}_{2}\) emissions. This provides yet another example of why a network-defined model of a smart city is more effective;
* The term \"smart environment\" refers to the overall means and methods for energy efficiency and green policy in an urban metropolitan area. This includes renewable resources, energy metering, pollution control, building renovation, green buildings, green urban design, resource efficiency, and, finally, all effective techniques for the reuse and renewal of resources that serve the \"smart environment\" cause;* In the context of a smart city, e-skills and the ability to work within the ICT concept, access education, and manage human resources within a society that promotes excellence and innovation are some of the characteristics that deem someone a \"smart person\";
* \"Smart living\" encompasses an ICT-oriented mentality and way of life. It also includes a healthy and safe life in a culturally active city, with a variety of historical and contemporary references, which are preserved but also further enhanced with the introduction of ICT-based innovation. The conception, design, implementation, and seamless provision of services from the municipality to the citizens is built on the following key axes [8; 9]: 1. e-Government of the municipality: participation in decision making and implementation of decisions through participatory democratic processes, featuring transparency and public control in the activities of the municipal administration;
2. Improvement in the access to the infrastructure of the municipality: Provide innovative services and/or extension of existing services, with the option of \"remote access\" for both tactical and emergency (i.e., pandemic) scenarios. The digitized services of the municipal register, residence certificate, and family share are also included in this section, which will not only reduce delays and bureaucracy but also reduce the needless consumption of material (e.g., paper) and human resources;
3. Networking infrastructure provided by the city to the citizens (community services and networking infrastructure) related to the implementation of applications and technologies to improve the quality of life of the city's residents. This infrastructure will vary and involve both wired and wireless physical means of transmission but will always have to provide broadband connectivity per user device (and not an \"in general\" downlink broadband rate), i.e., at least 2.048 Mbps/device in order to provide robust access and service to citizen-users from the services offered. The paradigms of smart city services are provided in the following sections.