## 1 Introduction  
Alcohol is the most common stimulant, known to have been used from the early days of human civilization. The effects of alcohol on the human body have been described since antiquity, but it was not until 1852 that the Swedish physician [PERSON] formulated the concept of alcoholism as an illness [1]. It was also in antiquity that alcohol consumption during pregnancy was thought to potentially produce adverse consequences. Apparently, [PERSON] argued that \"drunken, or haire-brain women [for the] most part bring forth children like unto themselves\" [2]. This was, however, intuitive knowledge. It took a more concrete shape when, in 1726, the English physician [PERSON] pointed out that drunkenness is a common cause of the birth of a weak, small, and sickly child [3]. The link between alcohol consumption during pregnancy and the child's health became apparent during the so-called Gin Craze, a period from 1720 to 1751, when gin was very cheap in England and, therefore, its consumption among women increased enormously. In fact, gin has commonly been referred to as \"Mother's Ruin\" since that time because the number of babies born in the period fell dramatically, with 75% of them not surviving past five years of age [4]. Notably, in his 1878 publication, the French physician [PERSON] described the characteristic appearances and intellectual conditions of children whose mothers had consumed alcohol during pregnancy [5].  
It was only in 1968 that a scientific publication appeared where the French pedidist artist [PERSON] described 127 newborn babies of alcoholic mothers--most stillborn or severely damaged [6]. The article by [PERSON] led to increased interest in the effects of alcohol consumption in pregnancy on the development of children. In 1973, a team of American physicians and psychologists identified and described the pattern of typical malformations in children resulting from prenatal exposition to alcohol [7]. The condition was referred to as Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS). Its characteristics include facial dysmorphic features (smooth philtrum, narrow palpebral fissures, and thin upper lip), short stature, low weight, low head circumference, and damage to central nervous system (CNS), reflected by existing neurological and general cognitive impairment as well as intellectual deficits.  
Taking into account varied levels of prenatal exposition to alcohol and varied severities of the symptoms, in 1996, a team of American researchers working for the Institute of Medicine--IOM (currently known as the National Academy of Medicine--NAM) proposed a new classification of the developmental deficits associated with exposition to alcohol [8]. A few types of the condition were distinguished, relative to the expression of the symptoms: [1]). FAS with confirmed exposition to alcohol; [2]. FAS without confirmed exposition to alcohol; [3]. partial FAS (pFAS); [4]. Alcohol-Related Birth Disorder (ARBD); and [5]. Alcohol-Related Neurodevelopmental Disorder (ARND). As a result, a new term was introduced, i.e., Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD). This term covers a wide range of effects observed in children whose mothers' consumed alcohol during pregnancy; it is an umbrella term for impairments developing as a consequence of prenatal alcohol exposure [9; 10; 11; 12]. As a result of the works presented, research has been intensified in several places to gain a more thorough understanding of alcohol-related mechanisms occurring during the fetal period.  
The study aimed to assess central nervous system in children diagnosed with Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD), using the techniques of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DWI), and proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H MRS).