# Effect of Space Configurational Attributes on Social Interactions in Urban Parks
## 3 Results
### Spatial Configuration Characteristics in the Parks  
The distribution of nine configurational attributes is shown in Figure 3, including depth to city main road (DtoR), depth to gate (DtoG), connectivity, NACH, and NAIN with three different calculation radii. Some tendencies are similar in both parks. DtoG and DtoR are higher in the central area than those in the marginal area because they are correlated to the distance from space to the gate and main city road, respectively. Connectivity is smaller in areas with straight and sparse paths, the lakeside, for instance, because fewer paths are linked to each other. NACH and NAIN, which represent usability and accessibility respectively, are significantly affected by the calculation radius (R). With a small radius (R = 200 m), the calculated values indicate local walking behavior (<5 min), which leads to higher values in the high-density pathway network area. With the increase of the radius (R = 1000 m, approximately 15-20 min walk), a long pathway that connects two areas, a pathway around the lake and a pathway directly linked to gate, for instance, produced higher NACH and higher NAIN. With a very large radius (R = 10,000), NACH and NAIN are mainly determined by the city road network. High NACH and NAIN could be found for pathways near the entrance gate, where they are more accessible through the city road network. The differences in the area and location between the two parks lead to significant differences (\(p<0.01\) in two-sample \(t\)-test) of all spatial attributes, as shown in Figure 4. A larger DtoR and a smaller DtoG are found in Zizhuyuan Park compared to Rendinghu Park because Zizhuyuan Park is larger and closer to the city main road. Connectivity, NACH, and NAIN with small radii are mainly determined by the pathway density inside the parks. Therefore, a higher average value can be found in Zizhuyuan Park because of its denser and more complex pathway network. For a large calculation radius, connection with the main road is very influential for NAIN. Being directly connected to city main road (Zizhuyuan Park) leads to higher NAIN. With a very large calculation radius (R = 100,000), the NACH and NAIN differences between the two parks are relatively small because of the similarity of surrounding urban context. As shown in Figure 3, all nine space configurational attributes were not independent from each other. Therefore, a correlation analysis was performed to investigate the relationship between these attributes. The results (Table 2) shows that the DtoR and three NAIN indices are highly correlated (Person coefficient > 0.5, Sig. < 0.01). Meanwhile, NACH and NAIN are all significantly correlated with each other (Sig. < 0.01), where higher correlations can be found with the same calculation radius (Person coefficient > 0.57, Sig. < 0.01). DtoG and connectivity represent the spatial locations in the park and their relationships with the local pathway network, respectively. Therefore, they are relatively independent from the other attributes, though small correlations with NACH and NAIN (<0.25) could be found.