# Nexus between Building Information Modeling and Internet of Things in the Construction Industries
## 3 Results and Discussion
### An Overview of BIM in the Construction Industry  
In recent years, digitalization has had a significant impact on several industrial sectors, enhancing productivity, product quality, and product diversification. Digital technologies are gradually being used in the AEC industry to design, build, and operate buildings as well as other construction assets [25]. Other industries, on the other hand, use digital data throughout the entire process chain. Physical plots on paper or in a limited digital format are still used to convey most information. When a completed facility is being designed, built, and operated, as well as during the crucial handovers between these phases, such interruptions to the information flow are common. The creation and execution of the physical infrastructure in the construction industry involve a wide range of parties with diverse backgrounds and areas of competence. To ensure a successful construction project, these stakeholders must regularly interact and reconcile. Most projects now include the delivery of technical drawings in the form of cross-sections, elevations, and detail drawings (both horizontally and vertically). Using software that resembles centuries-old sketching skills, these images were created. Computers, on the other hand, are unable to properly comprehend line drawings. Only a portion of the data can be fully analyzed using statistical methods. Thus, the enormous potential of information technology for project management and building operations is not fully realized. The inconsistency of different technical drawings is a significant problem. It is a major problem because the drawings are generated by professionals from a variety of design disciplines and companies. Due to the rapid occurrence of inconsistencies, which typically go unnoticed until the construction project is complete, additional costs can be incurred for ad-hoc remediation on the construction site. Traditionally, design changes are denoted in drawings by revision clouds. To perform any downstream analysis, calculation, or simulation, it is necessary to manually enter data from technical drawings, which increases both the burden and the risk of human error. A similar scenario occurs after the structure is completed and the owner receives the information. It takes a lot of time and effort to extract building data from drawings and paperwork into a facility management system. Previously available digital data has been erased and must be reconstructed manually at each of these information exchange locations. Employing BIM in the construction industries allows for far more extensive use of computer technology in the design, engineering, building, and operation of built facilities. BIM is used instead of traditional drawings to store, preserve, and communicate data during the design and construction process. Coordination of design activities, simulation integration, construction process setup, and control, as well as the transfer of building information to the operator, are greatly improved by this approach. In construction projects, arduous and error-prone work is avoided, resulting in increased productivity and higher quality, by minimizing the amount of human data entry and enabling the re-use of digital information. Several studies have been reported on BIM applications in the construction industries as summarized in Table 1. Studies have shown that the construction industry has a high prevalence of occupational fatalities and injuries due to the dynamic nature of the working environment. In line with this [PERSON] et al. [26] offered a new quantitative construction safety risk assessment method for building projects in the design phase using an integrated BIM. The authors' findings revealed that a plug-in that connects BIM and safety risk data to automatically evaluate construction safety risk was developed thereby allowing architects and structural designers to make faster design choices. The role of BIM in construction conflict management has been investigated by [PERSON] et al. [27].