## 3 Results
### Effect of Leaf Extracts of Scale cereale on Fresh Weights of Callus
Tinella terata_ \\ \cline{3-8}  & & **Fresh Weight** & **Fresh Weight** & **Fresh Weight** & **Fresh Weight** & **Fresh Weight** \\  & & **(mg)** & **(\%)** & **(mg)** & **(\%)** & **(mg)** & **(\%)** \\ \hline Salicylic acid & \(10^{-5}\) & 140.10 \(\pm\) 4.00 \({}^{\mathrm{d}}\) & 19.80 \(\pm\) 0.90 \({}^{\mathrm{d}}\) & 26.90 \(\pm\) 2.50 \({}^{\mathrm{b}}\) & 18.53 \(\pm\) 1.50 \({}^{\mathrm{b}}\) & 160.20 \(\pm\) 5.50 \({}^{\mathrm{c}}\) & 64.08 \(\pm\) 1.50 \({}^{\mathrm{c}}\) \\  & \(10^{-3}\) & 30.50 \(\pm\) 2.00 \({}^{\ \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c c c} \hline \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**Chemical**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**Concentration**} & \multicolumn{3}{c}{_Portulaca oler_} & \multicolumn{3}{c}{_Chenopolodium album_} & \multicolumn{3}{c}{_Pinellia temata_} \\ \cline{3-10}  & & **Fresh Weight** & **Fresh Weight** & **Fresh Weight** & **Fresh Weight** & **Fresh Weight** & **Fresh Weight** \\  & & **(mg)** & **(\%)** & **(mg)** & **(\%)** & **(mg)** & **(\%)** \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{\(p\)-Cumaric acid} & \(10^{-5}\) & 95.60 \(\pm\) 5.00 \({}^{\rm n}\) & 13.51 \(\pm\) 1.00 \({}^{\rm n}\) & 82.50 \(\pm\) 5.00 \({}^{\rm l}\) & 56.82 \(\pm\) 3.00 \({}^{\rm l}\) & 85.05 \(\pm\) 3.00 \({}^{\rm m}\) & 34.20 \(\pm\) 2.00 \({}^{\rm m}\) \\  & \(10^{-3}\) & 23.20 \(\pm\) 2.00 \({}^{\rm s}\) & 3.28 \(\pm\) 0.50 \({}^{\rm s}\) & 14.30 \(\pm\) 1.00 \({}^{\rm l}\) & 9.85 \(\pm\) 0.80 \({}^{\rm l}\) & 32.10 \(\pm\) 2.00 \({}^{\rm l}\) & 12.84 \(\pm\) 1.00 \({}^{\rm l}\) \\  & \(10^{-2}\) & 21.80 \(\pm\) 2.00 \({}^{\rm s}\) & 3.07 \(\pm\) 0.50 \({}^{\rm s}\) & 14.10 \(\pm\) 0.80 \({}^{\rm l}\) & 9.71 \(\pm\) 1.00 \({}^{\rm l}\) & 20.50 \(\pm\) 2.00 \({}^{\rm d}\) & 8.20 \(\pm\) 0.50 \({}^{\rm d}\) \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{\(p\)-Hydroybenzoic acid} & \(10^{-5}\) & 183.50 \(\pm\) 6.80 \({}^{\rm l}\) & 25.92 \(\pm\) 2.50 \({}^{\rm l}\) & 87.50 \(\pm\) 2.00 \({}^{\rm m}\) & 60.26 \(\pm\) 3.00 \({}^{\rm m}\) & 102.30 \(\pm\) 6.50 \({}^{\rm l}\) & 40.92 \(\pm\) 3.00 \({}^{\rm n}\) \\  & \(10^{-3}\) & 82.20 \(\pm\) 3.90 \({}^{\rm l}\) & 11.61 \(\pm\) 1.00 \({}^{\rm l}\) & 78.70 \(\pm\) 3.00 \({}^{\rm l}\) & 54.20 \(\pm\) 4.00 \({}^{\rm l}\) & 53.50 \(\pm\) 2.00 \({}^{\rm l}\) & 21.40 \(\pm\) 1.50 \({}^{\rm l}\) \\  & \(10^{-2}\) & 22.60 \(\pm\) 2.00 \({}^{\rm f}\) & 3.19 \(\pm\) 0.50 \({}^{\rm l}\) & 20.00 \(\pm\) 1.00 \({}^{\rm s}\) & 13.77 \(\pm\) 1.00 \({}^{\rm l}\) & 21.30 \(\pm\) 1.00 \({}^{\rm s}\) & 8.52 \(\pm\) 0.50 \({}^{\rm s}\) \\ \hline Control & - & 707.8 \(\pm\) 15.60 \({}^{\rm s}\) & - & 145.2 \(\pm\) 5.00 \({}^{\rm l}\) & 250.0 \(\pm\) 8.00 \({}^{\rm s}\) & \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular} Experimental data are expressed as mean \(\pm\) standard deviation (\(n=3\)). Data having the same letter in a column are not significantly different, as determined by [PERSON]’s multiple range test (\(p<0.05\)).  
\end{table} 
Table 2: _Cont._  
Figure 1: Effect of _Scale cereale_ (Paldong cultivars) extract on callus growth of weeds. (**a**) Callus growth in the absence of _S. cereale_ extract: (A) Callus of _Chenopolodium Album_, (B) callus of _Portulaca oleraca_. (**b**) Callus growth in the Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 0.1% _S. cereale_ extract: (A) callus of _C. album_, (B) callus of _P. oleraca_. (**c**) Callus growth of _C. communis_ (A) in the absence of _S. cereale_ extract and (B) in 5% _S. cereale_ extract. (**d**) Callus growth of _Digitaria ciliaris_ (A) in the absence of _S. cereale_ extract and (B) in 0.1% _S. cereale_ extract. (**e**) Callus growth of _Pinellia temata_ (A) in the absence of _S. cereale_ extract and (B) 0.1% _S. cereale_ extract.