# Traits and Transports: The Effects of Personality on the Choice of Urban Transport Modes
## 6 Discussion  
### Discussion on the Findings  
The present study examined the effects of personality traits (i.e., the Big five personality traits and Environmental personality) on choice of transport modes (i.e., driving car, using public transportation, and cycling). First of all, we want to state that although personality traits make a significant contribution to explaining the use of different modes of transport, the effect of personality traits is quite modest, and comparable to previous research results [23]. The discussion here will focus on the significant effects (\(p<0.05\)) of the third step of the regression models, which includes both the Big Five personality traits and Environmental personality.  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{l l l l} \hline \hline \multicolumn{1}{c}{**Independent Variables**} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{**Step 1**} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{**Step 2**} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{**Step 3**} \\  & \multicolumn{1}{c}{**Demography**} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{**Demography, Big 5 1**} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{**Demography, Big 5, EP 2**} \\ \hline Demography & & & & \\   Gender (female) & \(0.18\)*** 3 & \(0.17\)*** & \(0.15\)*** \\ Age & \(-0.15\)*** & \(-0.13\)*** & \(-0.13\)*** \\ Income (Low) & \(-0.02\) & \(-0.03\) & \(-0.03\) \\ Income (High) & \(-0.04\) & \(-0.04\) & \(-0.04\) \\ Child in household & \(-0.05\) & \(-0.05\) & \(-0.06\)\(\Box\) \\ Residential Gothenburg & \(0.29\)*** & \(0.28\)*** & \(0.28\)*** \\ Personality & & & & \\   Openness & & \(0.06\)\(\Box\) & \(0.04\) \\ Conscientiousness & & \(-0.06\)\(\Box\) & \(-0.07\)* \\ Extraversion & & \(0.02\) & \(0.02\) \\ Agreeableness & & \(0.09\)** & \(0.08\)** \\ Neuroticism & & \(0.03\) & \(0.02\) \\ EP & & & \(0.10\)** \\  & \(R_{Adj}^{2}\) & \(0.156\)*** & \(0.168\)*** & \(0.175\)*** \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}  
* Big Five Personality traits, 2 Environmental personality. 3 Beta weights (i.e., standard regression coefficients), \(\Box\)\(p<0.1\);
* \(p<0.05\); *
* \(p<0.01\); **  
\end{table}
Table 4: Hierarchical regression models exploring how personality predict use of public transportation (\(N=959\)).  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{l l l l} \hline \hline \multicolumn{1}{c}{**Independent Variables**} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{**Step 1**} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{**Step 2**} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{**Step 3**} \\  & \multicolumn{1}{c}{**Demography**} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{**Demography, Big 5 1**} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{**Demography, Big 5, EP 2**} \\ \hline Demography & & & & \\   Gender (female) & \(-0.06\)3 & \(-0.08\)* & \(-0.13\)*** \\ Age & \(-0.11\)*** & \(-0.10\)** & \(-0.09\)** \\ Income (Low) & \(-0.11\)*** & \(-0.12\)** & \(-0.13\)** \\ Income (High) & \(0.05\) & \(0.03\) & \(0.04\) \\ Child in household & \(0.08\)* & \(0.08\)* & \(0.06\) \\ Residential Gothenburg & \(0.02\) & \(0.01\) & \(0.02\) \\ Personality & & & & \\   Openness & & \(0.03\) & \(-0.02\) \\ Conscientiousness & & \(0.08\)* & \(0.05\) \\ Extraversion & & \(0.01\) & \(0.02\) \\ Agreeableness & & \(0.10\)** & \(0.06\)* \\ Neuroticism & & & \(0.05\) \\ EP & & & & \\  & \(R_{Adj}^{2}\) & \(0.049\)*** (\(0.055\)) & \(0.064\)*** (\(0.075\)) & \(0.122\)*** (\(0.133\)) \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}  
* Big Five Personality traits, 2 Environmental personality. 3 Beta weights (i.e., standard regression coefficients), \(\Box\)\(p<0.1\);
* \(p<0.05\); *
* \(p<0.01\); **  
\end{table}
Table 5: Hierarchical regression models exploring how demography and personality predict cycling (\(N=954\)).