## 2 Carbon Nanostructures as Templates for Titania Nanomorphologies
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Carbon** & **Titania** & **Titania Phase** & **Preparation** & **Titania** & **Application** & **Ref.** \\
**Nanostructure** & **Precursor** & **Titania Phase** & **Method** & **Morphology** & **Application** & **Ref.** \\ \hline Fullenenol & Ti(OiPr)\({}_{4}\) & Amorphous & ALD \({}^{1}\) & Spherical & Photocatalysis & [94] \\ \hline Nano-onions & Ti(OiPr)\({}_{4}\) & Anatase & Sol-gel & Irregular & Photocatalysis & [95] \\ \hline Nano-onions & Ti(OiPr)\({}_{4}\) & Anatase & Sol-gel & Nanocrystals & Battery anode & [96] \\ \hline Nano-onions & Ti(OiPr)\({}_{4}\) & Anatase & Hydrothermal & Nanocrystals & Supercapacitors & [97] \\ \hline Nanocones & Ti(OBu)\({}_{4}\) & Anatase & Sol-gel & Nanocones@TiO\({}_{2}\)\({}^{2}\) & Photocatalysis & [98] \\ \hline Nanohorms & Ti(OBu)\({}_{4}\) & Amorphous & Sol-gel & Nanohorms@TiO\({}_{2}\)\({}^{2}\) & Electrocatalysis & [99] \\ \hline Nanohorms & Ti(OBu)\({}_{4}\) & Anatase & Solvothermal & Nanofluver & Photocatalysis & [100] \\ \hline Nanohorms & Ti(OiPr)\({}_{4}\) & Anatase & Solvothermal & Nanohorms & Phosphoproteomics & [101] \\ \hline Nanodiamonds & TiOSO\({}_{4}\) & Anatase & Hydrothermal & Irregular & Photocatalysis & [102] \\ \hline Nanodiamonds & TiOSO\({}_{4}\) & Anatase & Hydrothermal & Nanocrystals & Photocatalysis & [103] \\ \hline Nanodiamonds & (NH\({}_{4}\))\({}_{2}\)TiF\({}_{6}\) & Anatase & Hydrothermal & Nanocrystals & Photocatalysis & [104] \\ \hline Nanodiamonds & Ti(OBu)\({}_{4}\) & Anatase/Brookite & Hydrothermal & Spherical & Battery anode & [105] \\ \hline SWCNTs \({}^{3}\) & Ti(OBu)\({}_{4}\) & Anatase/Rutile & Sol-gel & Nanocrystals & Photocatalysis & [106] \\ \hline SWCNTs-C\({}_{60}\)\({}^{3,4}\) & Ti(OiPr)\({}_{4}\) & _n.a._ & Sol-gel & CNT@C\({}_{60}\)@TiO\({}_{2}\)\({}^{2}\) & Photocatalysis & [107] \\ \hline MWCNTs \({}^{5}\) & Ti(OiPr)\({}_{4}\) & Anatase & ALD \({}^{1}\) & CNT@TiO\({}_{2}\)\({}^{2}\) & Battery & [108] \\ \hline MWCNTs \({}^{5}\) & Ti(OiPr)\({}_{4}\) & Anatase & Sol-gel & Nanocrystals & Solar cells & [109] \\ \hline MWCNTs \({}^{5}\) & Ti(OiPr)\({}_{4}\) & Anatase & Hydrothermal & Spherical & Nanofiler & [111] \\ \hline MWCNTs \({}^{5}\) & Ti(OiPr)\({}_{4}\) & Anatase & Hydrothermal & Spherical & Battery anode & [112] \\ \hline MWCNTs \({}^{5}\) & Ti(OiPr)\({}_{4}\) & Anatase & Hydrothermal & Flowers & Photocatalysis & [113] \\ \hline MWCNTs \({}^{5}\) & Ti(OiPr)\({}_{4}\) & Rutile & Hydrothermal & Nanorods & Photocatalysis & [114] \\ \hline MWCNTs \({}^{5}\) & Ti(OiPr)\({}_{4}\) & Rutile & Hydrothermal & Nanorods & Memory device & [115] \\ \hline MWCNTs \({}^{5}\) & Ti(OiPr)\({}_{4}\) & Anatase & Solvothermal & CNT@TiO\({}_{2}\)\({}^{2}\) & Electrocatalysis & [116] \\ \hline MWCNTs \({}^{5}\) & Ti(OiPr)\({}_{4}\) & Anatase & Solvothermal & Spherical & Battery anode & [117] \\ \hline MWCNTs \({}^{5}\) & Ti(OiPr)\({}_{4}\) & Anatase & Solvothermal & Nanorods & Phosphoproteomics & [101] \\ \hline MWCNTs \({}^{5}\) & Ti(OiPr)\({}_{4}\) & Anatase/Rutile & Electrospinning & Nanofibers & Solar cells & [118] \\ \hline MWCNTs \({}^{5}\) & Ti(OBu)\({}_{4}\) & Anatase & Sol-gel & Spherical & Battery anode & [119] \\ \hline MWCNTs \({}^{5}\) & Ti(OBu)\({}_{4}\) & Anatase & Sol-gel & CNT@TiO\({}_{2}\)\({}^{2}\) & Battery anode & [120] \\ \hline MWCNTs \({}^{5}\) & Ti(OBu)\({}_{4}\) & Anatase & Sol-gel & CNT@TiO\({}_{2}\)\({}^{2}\) & Photocatalysis & [121] \\ \hline MWCNTs \({}^{5}\) & Ti(OBu)\({}_{4}\) & Anatase/Rutile & Sol-gel & CNT@TiO\({}_{2}\)\({}^{2}\) & Microwave & [122] \\ \hline MWCNTs \({}^{5}\) & Ti(OBu)\({}_{4}\) & Rutile & Sol-gel & CNT@TiO\({}_{2}\)\({}^{2}\) & Solar cells & [123] \\ \hline MWCNTs \({}^{5}\) & Ti(OBu)\({}_{4}\) & Anatase/Rutile & Sol-gel & Nanocrystals & Photocatalysis & [124] \\ \hline MWCNTs \({}^{5}\) & Ti(OBu)\({}_{4}\) & _n.a._ & Sol-gel & CNT@TiO\({}_{2}\)\({}^{2}\) & Electronics & [125] \\ \hline MWCNTs \({}^{5}\) & Ti(OBu)\({}_{4}\) & Anatase & Hydrothermal & Nanowires & Battery anode & [126] \\ \hline MWCNTs \({}^{5}\) & Ti(OBu)\({}_{4}\) & Anatase & Hydrothermal & Spherical & Battery anode & [127] \\ \hline MWCNTs \({}^{5}\) & Ti(OBu)\({}_{4}\) & Anatase & Hydrothermal & Nanosheets & Photocatalysis & [128] \\ \hline MWCNTs \({}^{5}\) & Ti(OBu)\({}_{4}\) & Rutile & Hydrothermal & Nanorods & Photocatalysis & [129] \\ \hline MWCNTs \({}^{5}\) & Ti(OBu)\({}_{4}\) & Anatase & Solvothermal & Flower & Battery anode & [130] \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}