# Phenolic Compounds and Antioxidant Activity in Edible Flower Species from Oxaxa
## 3 Results
### Phenolic Compounds and Antioxidant Activity in the Inflores of Y. filifera  
Significant differences were detected in the contents of polyphenols and flavonoids and in the antioxidant activity between the localities of origin of the samples. For example, for the contents of polyphenols, the sample from Magdalena Jaltepec 1 differed significantly from the samples from Tamazulapan, Ejutla, Santa Ana Miahuatlan, and Santa Maria Sola; this pattern was also observed for the contents of catechin- and quercetin-equivalent flavonoids and antioxidant activity. The polyphenols varied between the samples, with concentrations ranging from 10.1 to 14.6 mg GAE g\({}^{-1}\) for flavonoids, from 2.45 to 4.65 mg CE g\({}^{-1}\) for catechin, and from 1.34 to 3.33 mg QE g\({}^{-1}\) for quercetin. Variation was also observed in the antioxidant activity. According to the results of the DPPH method, the concentration ranged from 35.1 to 43.1 \(\upmu\)mol TE g\({}^{-1}\), while the results of the FRAP method revealed concentrations of 45.5 to 86.0 \(\upmu\)mol TE g\({}^{-1}\) (Table 3).  
The contents of polyphenols and flavonoids in the izote inflorescence samples were significantly and positively correlated with the antioxidant activity, as evaluated using the DPPH (0.31 \(<\) r \(<\)0.79, \(p\)\(<\) 0.01) and FRAP (0.65 \(<\) r \(<\)0.91, \(p\)\(<\) 0.01) methods. The results showed that the concentrations of polyphenols and flavonoids in izote infloresces significantly contributed to the antioxidant capacity of the plants, in addition to the other compounds not detected in this study.  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{l c c c c c} \hline \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**Sources of Variation**} & \multirow{2}{*}{
\begin{tabular}{c} **Total** \\ **Polyphenols** \\ \end{tabular} } & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Flavonoids**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Antioxidant Activity**} \\ \cline{3-6}  & & **CE 1  & **QE 1 ** & **DPPH** & **FRAP** \\ \hline _Yucca filifera_ (izote, local name) & & & & & \\ \hline Sampling locations & 34.4 ** & 10.2 ** & 6.54 ** & 138.8 ** & 2977.2 ** \\ Extracts (E) & 0.07 ns & \textless{}0.00 ns & 0.01 ns & 2.56 ns & 24.5 ns \\ Laboratory replicates/E 2  & 0.47 ns & 0.01 ns & 0.02 ns & 2.76 ns & 118.0 ns \\ Error & 1.77 & 0.32 & 0.33 & 13.2 & 173.1 \\ Coeff. variation (\%) & 10.6 & 15.9 & 21.5 & 9.4 & 19.2 \\ \hline _Agave salmina_ (maguey pulquero, local name) & & & & & \\ \hline Sampling locations & 11.67 ** & 1.107 ** & 1.49 ** & 143.8 ** & 241.39 ** \\ Extracts (E) & 0.05 ns & 0.02 ns & 0.008 ns & 2.6 ns & 0.04 ns \\ Laboratory replicates/E 2  & 0.02 ns & 0.01 ns & 0.007 ns & 1.9 ns & 2.97 ns \\ Error & 0.11 & 0.02 & 0.005 & 2.22 & 4.55 \\ Coeff. variation (\%) & 2.4 & 3.8 & 1.8 & 3.8 & \\ \hline _Diphysa americana_ (cuachepil or guachepil, local name) & & & & & \\ \hline Sampling locations & 332.4 ** & 191.5 ** & 93.3 ** & 6499.6 ** & 29.332 ** \\ Extracts (E) & 2.0 ns & 0.001 ns & 0.21 ns & 17.5 ns & 243 ns \\ Laboratory replicates/E 2  & 1.1 ns & 0.15 ns & 0.61 * & 49.2 ns & 403 ns \\ Error & 1.47 & 0.45 & 0.205 & 27.2 & 170.8 \\ Coeff. variation (\%) & 2.5 & 2.5 & 3.2 & 2.1 & 3.2 \\ \hline _Chmaudedorea tepijilote_ (tepeijilote or pacaya, local name) & & & & \\ \hline Sampling locations & 2.36 ** & 0.199 ** & 0.41 ** & 20.25 ** & 98.72 ** \\ Extracts (E) & 0.008 ns & 0.001 ns & 0.04 ns & 0.29 ns & 0.27 ns \\ Laboratory replicates/E 2  & \textless{}0.001 ns & 0.002 ns & 0.03 ns & 0.51 ** & 0.87 ** \\ Error & 0.004 & 0.005 & 0.03 & 0.09 & 0.12 \\ Coeff. variation (\%) & 2.3 & 3.1 & 12.7 & 2.2 & 3.3 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}
Table 2: Significance of square means of the analysis of variance for the phenolic compound contents and antioxidant activity in infloresence samples of _Y. filifera, A. salmina, D. americana_, and _C. tepejilote_ collected from different communities and regions in Oaxaca, Mexico.