## 4 Results
### Discussion of the Results  
First of all, performance expectancy was the strongest predictor of attitude. This suggests that golfers place a high value on the efficiency and convenience of robotic caddies, which in turn leads to favorable evaluations of them. This nexus aligns with the role of perceived usefulness in the TAM [11]. More importantly, a significant moderating role of health consciousness was identified in the causal relationship between performance expectancy and attitude. Its path coefficient was higher in the group of golfers with greater health consciousness. It implies that the more golfers are conscious of health management, such as walking with a robotic caddie, the more favorable their attitude becomes toward the robotic caddie. In addition, facilitating conditions also had a strong impact on attitude. This suggests that individuals are more likely to have a positive attitude toward robotic caddies when their abilities or the environmental conditions are adequate. It is consistent with the role of perceived behavioral control in the TPB [34]. Third, effort expectancy positively influenced attitude. In other words, the simpler and easier to use the robotic caddie appears to be, the  
Figure 2: Standardized theoretical path coefficients. Notes: * \(p\) < 0.05, \(S\) = supported, \(NS\) = not supported, and the bolded construct is added in the original model of the unified theory of acceptance and use of technology. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{l l l l l l l l} \hline \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**Path**} & \multicolumn{4}{c}{**Unconstrained Model**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Constrained**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Tests of Moderator**} \\ \cline{2-9}  & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Low**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**High**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Model**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Tests of Moderator**} \\ \cline{2-9}  & \(\beta\) & \(t\)**-Value** & \(\beta\) & \(t\)**-Value** & \(\chi^{2}\) (470) = 1210.258 & \(\chi^{2}\)**Differences** & **Hypotheses** \\ \hline H8a PE \(\rightarrow\) A & 0.287 & 2.939 * & 0.399 & 5.363 * & \(\chi^{2}\) (471) = 1215.388 & \(\Delta\chi^{2}\)(1) = 5.130 & Supported \\ H8b EE \(\rightarrow\) A & 0.223 & 2.871 * & 0.051 & 0.281 & 3.684 * & \(\chi^{2}\) (471) = 1210.260 & \(\Delta\chi^{2}\)(1) = 0.002 & Rejected \\ H8c SI \(\rightarrow\) A & 0.096 & 1.035 * & 0.171 & 2.427 * & \(\chi^{2}\) (471) = 1211.315 & \(\Delta\chi^{2}\)(1) = 1.057 & Rejected \\ H8d FC \(\rightarrow\) A & 0.221 & 2.790 * & 0.359 & 4.933 * & \(\chi^{2}\) (471) = 1210.743 & \(\Delta\chi^{2}\)(1) = 0.485 & Rejected \\ H8e PR \(\rightarrow\) A & \(-\)0.097 & \(-\)1.123 * & \(-\)0.266 & \(-\)4.252 * & \(\chi^{2}\) (471) = 1213.116 & \(\Delta\chi^{2}\)(1) = 2.858 & Rejected \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular} Notes: PE = performance expectancy, EE = effort expectancy, SI = social influence, FC = facilitating conditions, PR = perceived risk, A = attitude, * = not significant, and * \(p\) < 0.05.  
\end{table} 
Table 5: Moderating role of health consciousness. more favorable the attitude of golfers will be. This nexus aligns with the role of perceived ease of use in the TAM [11]. Fourth, social influence was also observed as a significant predictor of attitude. This result suggests that golfers are conscious of others' perceptions when using robotic caddies, aligning with the role of subjective norm in the TPB [34]. On the other hand, perceived risk was identified as an important technological barrier that negatively impacts attitude. It suggests that when the robotic caddie, as a new advanced technology, evokes concerns among golfers, it can hinder attitude formation. This study consequently extended the UTAUT by adopting these five subdimensions and demonstrating their relationship with attitude. Lastly, attitude also played a crucial role in forming two behavioral intentions (i.e., intentions to use and word of mouth). The more favorable the golfers' attitude toward the robotic caddie, the more likely they are to use it and to spread word of mouth.