# Review of Physical Layer Security in 5G Wireless Networks
## 3 Literature Review
Finally, the authors propose post-quantum cryptography (PQC) and quantum key distribution (QKD) as feasible approaches to attain quantum-resistant security in 5G networks. In [PERSON] and [PERSON]'s study [24], the one-time pad (OTP) is used to improve the Network Time Synchronization Algorithm's (NTSA) secure communication in the context of the Internet of things (IoT). To reduce the vulnerabilities associated with typical cryptographic mechanisms, the authors suggest modifying the NTSA protocol. They explore its benefits and drawbacks while demonstrating how well the OTP-based strategy works for creating secure communication in IoT scenarios. The main conclusions show that due to computational constraints, typical cryptographic mechanisms used in IoT systems may not be able to provide sufficient security. In contrast, using an OTP can considerably increase the NTSA's security in IoT contexts. If the key distribution method is secure, OTP-based communication guarantees complete security. The suggested OTP-based method provides defense against a number of attacks, such as replay attacks and unauthorized access. However, integrating OTP into IoT systems, it is important to carefully consider implementation issues such as key distribution and storage requirements. With an emphasis on its applications, attacks, and defenses, ref. [25] [PERSON]. [PERSON] and [PERSON]'s survey article provides a thorough review of the current NIST Lightweight Cryptography Standard. The authors analyze the most recent lightweight cryptographic protocols and algorithms suggested by NIST, evaluating their advantages and disadvantages. The importance of lightweight cryptography in contexts with limited resources is emphasized through the discussion of various attack scenarios and associated mitigation measures. The most important findings highlight the critical function of lightweight cryptography in protecting constrained devices and systems. A selection of lightweight cryptographic algorithms appropriate for these limited situations is suggested by the NIST Lightweight Cryptography Standard. The performance, security, and applicability of the studied algorithms are assessed in relation to several application scenarios. The study explores numerous attacks on lightweight cryptography, such as side-channel attacks and fault attacks, and also offers defenses against these threats. Furthermore, for the actual application of lightweight cryptographic algorithms, implementation aspects including code size, memory needs, and energy usage are essential. [PERSON], [PERSON]'s [26] study on FaultMeter introduced a tool for assessing block cipher software's vulnerability to fault attacks. The authors suggest using a quantitative method to assess how well fault attacks against cryptographic algorithms work. They carry out analyses to assess the fault resistance of various block ciphers, consider the effects of alter native fault injection techniques, and provide suggestions for developing fault-resistant encryption protocols. The main conclusions emphasize that fault attacks make use of cryptographic methods' vulnerability to unexpected faults created during execution. Fault-Meter offers a quantifiable way to evaluate how susceptible such attacks are to block cipher software. A number of parameters, including fault models, fault injection methods, and the targeted cryptographic algorithm, affect how effective fault attacks are. The study gives experimental findings on the fault vulnerability of popular block ciphers, including AES and Serpent. These findings can guide the design of fault-resistant cryptographic algorithms and help in the development of countermeasures versus fault attacks. [PERSON], [PERSON]'s [27] article provides a thorough review of the security issues and difficulties associated with the 5G network design. The authors look at the core elements of 5G networks and evaluate how they affect security.