# Predictors of Efficiency in Throwing Disciplines: Insights from 35 Elite Coaches
## 3 Results  
The reliability of the questionnaire was found to be very high; the test-retest correlation for all items ranged from 0.84 to 0.98. Table 2 shows the expert assessment results for men, and Table 3 shows the results for women. By analyzing the arithmetic means \(\pm\) SD of the strength characteristics for each athletic throwing discipline, distinct differences are observed. Compared with other disciplines, the most pronounced differences are observed in the bench press, back squat, and knee throw tests (CFK and SFK) for shot putters. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c} \hline  & **JAVELIN** & **DISKUS** & **SHOT PUT** & **HAMMER** \\ \hline
**CFK** & 138.60 \(\pm\) 14.52 & 163.67 \(\pm\) 10.93 & 182.20 \(\pm\) 9.40 & 174.67 \(\pm\) 8.34 \\
**SFK** & 113.33 \(\pm\) 13.45 & 128.80 \(\pm\) 16.72 & 143.33 \(\pm\) 12.91 & 136.67 \(\pm\) 9.76 \\
**BS** & 188.67 \(\pm\) 17.27 & 224.53 \(\pm\) 16.44 & 256.67 \(\pm\) 19.97 & 231.00 \(\pm\) 19.38 \\
**BP** & 147.00 \(\pm\) 12.65 & 190.33 \(\pm\) 11.10 & 226.67 \(\pm\) 19.43 & 154.67 \(\pm\) 13.16 \\
**DL** & 218.33 \(\pm\) 18.48 & 242.00 \(\pm\) 18.50 & 266.00 \(\pm\) 22.62 & 247.33 \(\pm\) 15.10 \\
**SLJ** & 321.67 \(\pm\) 5.23 & 316.67 \(\pm\) 10.47 & 307.00 \(\pm\) 14.74 & 313.33 \(\pm\) 9.00 \\
**TSJ** & 956.00 \(\pm\) 49.43 & 947.33 \(\pm\) 35.25 & 924.67 \(\pm\) 47.34 & 943.67 \(\pm\) 43.07 \\
**S20M** & 2.64 \(\pm\) 0.19 & 2.83 \(\pm\) 0.23 & 2.97 \(\pm\) 0.17 & 2.85 \(\pm\) 0.24 \\
**TDSP** & 65.60 \(\pm\) 4.09 & 55.73 \(\pm\) 2.05 & 18.17 \(\pm\) 0.64 & - \\ \hline \multicolumn{5}{l}{CFK—clean (from knee) 1 RM; SFK—satch (from knee) 1 RM; BS—back squat 1 RM; BP—bench press 1 RM; DL—deadlit IRM; SLJ—standing long jump; TS—triple standing jump; S20M—flying start 20 m sprint; TDSP—throwing a device (shot put, javelin, discus) from a stationary position.} \\ \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 2: Arithmetic mean \(\pm\) standard deviation of variables in men. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c} \hline  & **JAVELIN** & **DISKUS** & **SHOT PUT** & **HAMMER** \\ \hline
**CFK** & 95.80 \(\pm\) 11.38 & 109.67 \(\pm\) 10.08 & 123.67 \(\pm\) 11.41 & 114.33 \(\pm\) 9.61 \\
**SFK** & 76.33 \(\pm\) 11.10 & 83.67 \(\pm\) 10.93 & 98.67 \(\pm\) 11.87 & 90.33 \(\pm\) 10.77 \\
**BS** & 136.33 \(\pm\) 22.64 & 154.67 \(\pm\) 10.60 & 177.67 \(\pm\) 13.61 & 159.67 \(\pm\) 16.09 \\
**BP** & 82.67 \(\pm\) 8.63 & 114.00 \(\pm\) 8.90 & 138.33 \(\pm\) 10.80 & 82.00 \(\pm\) 13.91 \\
**DL** & 152.67 \(\pm\) 15.45 & 165.67 \(\pm\) 15.22 & 182.67 \(\pm\) 12.94 & 168.00 \(\pm\) 13.99 \\
**SLJ** & 271.87 \(\pm\) 11.53 & 270.00 \(\pm\) 11.34 & 266.67 \(\pm\) 10.47 & 268.67 \(\pm\) 7.90 \\
**TSJ** & 687.33 \(\pm\) 270.12 & 803.00 \(\pm\) 43.09 & 788.67 \(\pm\) 49.26 & 805.33 \(\pm\) 35.38 \\
**S20M** & 3.05 \(\pm\) 0.23 & 3.14 \(\pm\) 0.24 & 3.25 \(\pm\) 0.17 & 3.24 \(\pm\) 0.24 \\
**TDSP** & 50.40 \(\pm\) 2.75 & 54.27 \(\pm\) 2.34 & 17.05 \(\pm\) 0.63 & - \\ \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 3: Arithmetic means \(\pm\) standard deviation of variables in women. In discus and hammer throwing, expert opinions indicate minimal deviations in the results of maximum absolute and explosive power, except for the bench press. This is expected because the muscles of the arms, shoulder girdle, and chest have a more significant impact on the final performance in discus throwing than in hammer throwing. Examining the results from Table 4, a pronounced difference is observed between sexes, with 99% confidence in specific disciplines, such as the bench press, and slightly less than 82% in the 20 m sprint. Regarding the interaction between sex and discipline, the most minor differences are observed in the standing long jump and 20 m sprint disciplines, which is attributed to the relatively equal influence of the lower extremities' explosive power across all throwing disciplines. Additionally, the results indicate no significant difference between men and women in the interaction between javelin and hammer throwing.