# Effect of Magnetic and Electrical Fields on Yield, Shelf Life and Quality of Fruits
## 2 Effect of Magnetic Fields and Electrical Fields on the Growth, Development, and Yield of Fruit
### Effect of Magnetised Irrigation Water on Plant Growth and Crop Yield  
Magnetised aqua is obtained by volatile water across a magnetic field (constant magnets or else electro magnets) in a supply pipeline. A literature overview relates to the beneficial effects of irrigation with magnetised water [61]. [PERSON] and [PERSON] (2011) reported that some transformation was performed in the physical and chemical features of water because of magnetic treatment [76]. These are mainly related to hydrogen bonding, polarity, surficial tension, conductivity, and pH, as well as dissolubility of salts. Magnetic water has a lower surface tension; therefore, nutrients are more readily absorbed in the water [77; 78]. The mechanism in which the magnetic field operated was linked by [PERSON] et al. (1996), [PERSON] et al. (2007), [PERSON] and [PERSON] (2009), and [PERSON] and [PERSON] (2010) to the activation of phytohormones, such as gibberellic acid equivalents indole-3-acetic acid and trans-zeatin, and the activation of the bio-enzyme systems leading to improved cell activity and plant growth [30; 79; 80]. This observation is consistent with the work of [PERSON] et al. (2005) and [PERSON] (2014) that magnetic water accelerates the reactions of enzymes related to auxin (plant hormone), which could increase the growth rate and promote fruit ripening [43; 81]. [PERSON] et al. (2002) stated that electromagnetic fields improve the rate of ion shipping through the plasma membrane and influence the structure of the cellule membrane lipid protein and may result in changes in the permeability of the plasma membrane [82]. The results of [PERSON] and [PERSON] (2015) revealed that the use of magnetic flux densities of 124, 319, and 719 G for treating the irrigation water caused tomato plants to grow faster and influenced their vegetative growth and stem diameter [55]. This confirms the work of [PERSON] and [PERSON] (2014) [83]. [PERSON] et al. (2018) found that, when using magnetic irrigation water on strawberry plants, there was a boost in theamount of fruits and fruit crop by over 30% [57]. [PERSON] et al. (1996) reported that seedlings developed with magnetically treated irrigation were over 100% higher than the control [84]. In a nursery experiment, [PERSON] et al. (2011) applied the optimal magnetic seed treatment of tomato (0.1 T for 15 min) and/or irrigated with magnetised water. This produced significant increases in transplant stem length, stem diameter, leaf area, and fresh and dry weight than those in the control treatment [59]. These results are consistent with those of [PERSON] and [PERSON] (2011) who reported that tomato grain (cultivar Castle Rock) treatment with a magnetic field of 100 gauss for 15 min, as well as with magnetically treated hydrated water, boost their vegetable rise. Furthermore, treatment increased the total phosphorus component of tomato leaves, as well as total yield, while reducing the pH valuation in soil extraction [76]. In addition, this study revealed that irrigation with magnetically treated water increased nutrient mobility in soil and enhanced extraction and uptake of P, K, N, and Fe by plants [28, 53, 77, 85]. The interaction between aqua treatment and grain treatment, as well as NPK levels, was also tested. The highest valuation of P and the lowest concentrations of Na in tomato leaves were observed with 100 or 75% treatments of NPK fertiliser combined with magnetised seeds and irrigating water [76]. [PERSON] (2013) and [PERSON] (2014) found that magnetic aqua significantly boosts fruit dimensions, the fresh and dry weights of fruits, as well as crop yield compared with a control variant [29, 78]. [PERSON] et al. (2015) irrigated Balady and Fremont mandarin trees with magnetic water during the growth season and demonstrated a significant increase in yield of nearly 35% in comparison with the control [86]. [PERSON] et al. (2018) confirmed an increase in tomato yield with magnetic irrigation water.