# Paleomagnetic-Geodynamic Mapping of the Transition Zone from Ocean to the Continent: A Review
## 3 Paleomagnetic Mapping and Profiling in Northern Israel
### Combined Paleomagnetic-Radiometric Scheme of the Sea of Galilee and Its Vicinity  
The region of the Sea of Galilee (Lake Kinneret) is a reference object for the paleomagnetic mapping transition regions from the ocean to the continent in terms of structural, historical-geological, and methodological approaches. The uniqueness of this target is because here developed the phenomena and structures of the collisional type caused by the closure of the Neotethys Ocean and the elements of the initial phases of the Red Sea--East African Rift system spreading. It has long been used as the largest freshwater reservoir in the Middle East and as an etalon region for monitoring and accounting for seismicity in the area of active housing construction and areas of industrial and agricultural facilities development. There are several fault systems in this area, the main ones being the N-S transform system and the E-W and NW-SE fault systems that break up the Galilee. The sea, and the plain to its south, are located in a depression bounded on the east and west by active fault scarps with steep gradients [93]. The superposition of vertical displacements perpendicular or oblique to the transform impedes structural interpretation of the investigated basin [94]. At the end of the twentieth century, various geological and geophysical surveys raised the question of developing a generalizing tectonic-geodynamic model (e.g., [94]). Further studies [18; 19; 22] showed that the optimal linkage consists of integrating the methods of magneto-geophysics (adopted in the study of the oceans) and paleomagnetic stratigraphy (assumed for the continents), combined with independent geological-geophysical investigations. The developed map (Figure 5) also contains the revised and generalized results of the quantitative interpretation of numerous magnetic anomalies in the Sea of Galilee [19]. Figure 5: Integrated paleomagnetic scheme of the Sea of Galilee, SG (see its location in Figure 1). (1) outcropped Cenozoic basalts, (2) points with radiometric age of basalts (in Ma), (3) boreholes, (4) faults, (5) general direction of the proposed buried basaltic plate dipping in the southern part of the Sea of Galilee, (6) counterclockwise (a) and clockwise (b) rotation of faults and tectonic blocks, (7) pull-apart basin of the Sea of Galilee, (8) suggested boundaries of the paleomagnetic zones in the sea, data of land paleomagnetic measurements: (9 and 10) (9) reverse magnetization, (10) normal magnetization, (11 and 12) results of magnetic anomalies analysis: (11) normal magnetization, (12) reverse magnetization, (13) reversely magnetized basalt fields, (14) normal magnetized basalt fields, (15) Miocene basalts and sediments with complicated paleomagnetic characteristics, (16) Pliocene-Pleistocene basalts and sediments with complicated paleomagnetic characteristics, (17) index of paleomagnetic zonation. Tectonic setting after [76; 94; 95; 96; 97; 98]. 1n, 2n, 3n, 1 Ar, 2 Ar, and 3 Ar are the indexes of paleomagnetic zones. Radiometric data (K-Ar and Ar-Ar) after [73; 75; 99; 100]. Paleomagnetic data after [70; 73; 74; 75; 95; 97; 99; 101; 102; 103]. \(\rm H_{TB}\) and \(\rm H_{HCC}\) designate the calculated depths of basaltic bodies in the basin: \(\rm H_{TB}\) is the upper edge for the model of the thin bed, \(\rm H_{THP}\) is the upper edge for the model of the thin horizontal plate, and \(\rm H_{HCC}\) is the center for the model of the horizontal circular cylinder. The bold green line designates the location of paleomagnetic profile \(\bf I\)-\(\bf I^{\prime}\). It was the first experience of such research in the transition areas from the ocean to the continent. In the context of the regional geological-geophysical studies of the African-Arabian region, paleomagnetic mapping of the area of the Sea of Galilee has been significantly expanded and detailed [16; 23; 32; 53]. The supplemented edition of the paleomagnetic map of the Sea of Galilee (Figure 5) was extended to the south, where the Belvoir uplift has developed.