# Role of Nutribiotics in Skin Care
## 5 Nutribiotics: An Opportunity to Improve Skin Health
### Aging and Photoaging
Several studies performed by [PERSON] (2018) focused on _Lactococcus lactis_ H61, finding that the oral intake of heat-killed or live cells improved skin status in Japanese women; in addition, heat-killed cells of strain H61 demonstrated an antioxidant effect [184]. The prevention of polymorphic light eruption has also been studied. [PERSON] et al. [165], in a study with light-sensitive patients, investigated the administrations of a combination of _Lactobacillus jolnsoniii_ La-1, \(\beta\)-carotene, and lycopene; the results showed that this mixture was able to improve the alteration, and an increase in intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) was also observed, suggesting an immunological response. Prebiotics seem also to be useful for preventing aging. A diet rich in SCFA-producing dietary fibers may also help age-related microbial dysbiosis and, in turn, suppress the senescent phenotype. That is the case of butyrate supplementation which was demonstrated to be able to counteract age-related microbiota dysbiosis [166]. Recently, the term \"gerobiotics\" has been proposed by [PERSON] et al. [254] to define those probiotic strains and their derived postbiotics and para-probiotics that have been shown to reduce physiological aging processes by attenuating the mechanisms of aging, thus improving the health span of the host. In an extensive review, the authors highlight the importance of the new field of gerobiotics, research and updating, biomarkers for potential targets, and provide recommendations for the development of gerobiotic products, highlighting its potential to improve health and longevity in the future. In this review, several strains were highlighted. _B. longum_ BB68, _L. gasseri_ SBT2055, _L. fermentum_ MBC2,B. infantits ATCC15697, and B. subtilis_PXN21 (in C. elegans model) were able to increase lifespan. _L. brevis_OW38, _L. paracasei_ PS23, and _L. paracasei_ K71 (in mice model) were able to increase memory and/or cognition; _L. plantarum_ AR501 (in mice model) reduced liver damage; _L. helveticus_ KLD51.8701 improved the gut microbiota and memory. In rat models, _L. plantarum_ NDC 75017 increased learning and memory, and _L. fermentum_ DR9 improved exercise capacity [254]. _Bifidobacterium animalis_ ssp. lactis HN019 and _L. casei_ Shirota improved innate immunity in humans [167; 168]. Additionally, supplementation with a mixture of _Bifidobacterium longum_ subsp. _longum_ BB536, _B. longum_ subsp. _infantits_ M-63, _Bifidobacterium breve_ M-16V, and _B. breve_ was able to improve mental condition and decrease body mass index in humans [169]. [PERSON] et al. [255] revised the mechanisms of action of probiotics in photoaging, concluding that oral and topical probiotics, by modulating the skin microbiome and gut-skin microbial interactions, could be useful in preventing and treating skin photoaging through multiple pathways, including reducing oxidative stress, the inhibition of ECM remodeling, the inhibition of inflammatory cascade reactions, and the maintenance of immune homeostasis [255]. Most of the studies are in vitro and in vivo, and a few of them are clinical studies. An example is the investigation performed by [PERSON] (2010) to assess an oral supplement containing _Lactobacillus jolnsonii_ and nutritional carotenoids on early UVR-induced skin damage, finding that intake of this mixture for 10 weeks prevented UV-DL-induced decrease in Langerhans cell density and increase in factor XIIIa+ type I dermal dendrocytes and reduced dermal inflammatory cells [170].