# Soybean Germination Response to Algae Extract and a Static Magnetic Field Treatment
## 1 Introduction
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{l l l} \hline \hline
**Extract** & \multicolumn{1}{c}{**Effects**} & **Reference** \\ \hline _Kappaphycus alvarezii_ (R)—2.5, 5. & 12.5 and 15\%—significant increase in grain yield (46 and 57\%, respectively) as compared to the control; 15\%—maximum straw yield; all concentrations–increase in nutrient uptake (N, P, K, and S) in grain **(F)** & [4] \\ \hline _Saccharina japonica_ (B), & & red algae—maximum stimulatory effects (112\%) on the roots growth at \\ _Sargassum pallilatum_ (B), & 10\({}^{-4}\) g SW/mL; brown algae—not exceed 8\%; _U. fenestrata_—not exceed 10\%; \\ _Tichocarpus criinitus_ (R), _Codium_ & _C. fragile_—stimulatory effect (118, 110 and 113\%) on root growth at 10\({}^{-5}\), 10\({}^{-5}\) and 10\({}^{-4}\) g SW/mL, respectively (for different times of algae collection); all extracts at 10\({}^{-2}\) g SW/mL—inhibitory effect on root growth **(L)** & [15] \\ \hline _Chorda filum_ (B), _Caccophora_ & _T. criinitus_—stimulatory effect (111, 112 and 110\%) on root growth at 10\({}^{-4}\), 10\({}^{-8}\) and 10\({}^{-13}\) g/mL, respectively, as compared to the control; _N. larix_—stimulatory effect (108, 108, and 106\%) on root growth at 10\({}^{-5}\), 10\({}^{-8}\) and 10\({}^{-11}\) g/mL, respectively; _C. pininulatus_—stimulatory effect (110\%) on root growth at 10\({}^{-10}\); _Stephanocystis_ (Cinges), & \\ _Cidium fragile_ (G), _Ulta fenestrata_ & 10\({}^{-11}\) g/mL, respectively; _S. crisses_—stimulatory effect (106, 110 and 113\%) on root growth at 10\({}^{-4}\), 10\({}^{-9}\), and 10\({}^{-11}\) g/mL, respectively; _S. divaratica_—stimulatory effect (107, 109 and 108\%) on root growth at 10\({}^{-4}\), 10\({}^{-8}\), and 10\({}^{-13}\) g/mL, respectively; _C. fragile_—stimulatory effect (up to 109\%) on root growth at all concentrations; _C. langsdorffi, S. japonica, S. pallilatum_, _C. filum_ and _U. fenestrata_—no stimulatory effect on root growth **(L)** & [16] \\ \hline _Enteromorpha intestinalis_ (G)—20, 40, 60, 100\%— & 60\%—positive influence on seed germination, root and shoot length, and the content of carbohydrates, proteins, and pigments as compared to other groups (20\%, 40\%, 100\%, water, and chemical fertilizer) **(L)** & [10] \\ \hline _Kappaphycus alvarezii_ (R)—100\% & the increase in the aerial part of seedlings and the length of the primary root **(L)** & [17] \\ \hline _Cladophora glomerata_ & 50 and 100\%—decrease in germination percentage as compared to the control (44.5, 47.8, and 84.5\%, respectively) and in chlorophyll content in normal seedlings (SPAD value 48.5, 48.1, and 53.1, respectively) **(L)** & [13] \\ \hline AlgaFert-biofertilized based on _Asophyllum nodosum_ (B) extract—0.5, 1.0, 1.5\% & higher yield for all concentrations as compared to biofertilizer with protein \\ \hline _Ecklonia maxima_ (B)—0.7, 1.0\% & improve in the growth and yield of soybean (up to 3.91 t/ha) as compared to the control (up to 3.26 t/ha) without any negative effect on the nutritive value & [5] \\ \hline _Cladophora glomerata_ (G)—10\% & statistically significant increase in germination percentage (19\%) as compared to the control (9\%) **(L)** & [14] \\ \hline _Cladophora glomerata_ (G)—10\% & increase in germination percentage (85\%) and SPAD value (41.8) as compared to & [7] \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}  
* B—brown macroalgae, G—green macroalgae, R—red macroalgae, Control—water, SW—seaweeds, L—test in the laboratory, F—field research.  
\end{table} 
Table 1: The effects of macroalgal extracts on soybean seeds. 1893, [PERSON] documented the effect of faster germination in a magnetic field; it was also the first work to prove the effect of magnetotropism [34]. This phenomenon, discovered by [PERSON], was then further investigated by [PERSON], but only in 1960 [35]. One of the important issues indicating the importance of the undertaken research is that the influence of magnetic fields on seeds does not pose any threat to the environment [27], and, as scientific reports show, it really increases the effectiveness of physiological processes.