# _VivesDebate_: A New Annotated Multilingual Corpus of Argumentation in a Debate Tournament
## 3 Annotation Methodology
### Segmentation of Debates in Argumentative Discourse Units (ADUs)
We followed the distinction between discourse connectors and markers established in the list provided by the Language and Services and Resources at UPC ([[https://www.upc.edu/slt/ca/recursos-redacco/criteria-linguistics/frases-lexic-paragraf/marcadors-i-connectors](https://www.upc.edu/slt/ca/recursos-redacco/criteria-linguistics/frases-lexic-paragraf/marcadors-i-connectors)]([https://www.upc.edu/slt/ca/recursos-redacco/criteria-linguistics/frases-lexic-paragraf/marcadors-i-connectors](https://www.upc.edu/slt/ca/recursos-redacco/criteria-linguistics/frases-lexic-paragraf/marcadors-i-connectors)), accessed on 2 August 2021). 2. Examples of discourse markers: 'Respecte de/ regarding'; 'en primer lloc/first or firstly'; 'per exemple/for instance'; 'en d'altres paraules/in a nutshell'; 'per concloure/in conclusion'. 3. Examples of discourse connectors? : 'per culpa de/due to'; 'a causa de/because of'; 'ja que/since'; 'en consequencia/consequently'; 'per tant/therefore';'si/if'; 'per tal de/in order to'; 'tammateix/however'; 'encara que/although'; 'a continuacio/then'. * Regarding coordination and juxtaposition, we segmented coordinated sentences differently from coordinated phrases and words: (a) In coordinated sentences, each sentence was analysed as an independent ADU and the coordinating conjunction (e.g., copulative, disjunctive, adversative, distributive) was included at the beginning of the second sentence (4). The type of conjunction can be used to assign the argumentative relation in the following task; (b) In coordinated phrases and words, each of the joined elements are included in the same single ADU (5). 1. [I'adopcio s'est quedant obsolete]\({}_{ADU1}\) 2. [i per axio hem de legislar]\({}_{ADU2}\) 3. [adoption is becoming obsolete]\({}_{ADU1}\) 4. [and that's why we have to legislate]\({}_{ADU2}\) 4. [justicia i gratuitat per evitar la desigualtait social]\({}_{ADU1}\) 5. [justice and gratuity to avoid social inequality]\({}_{ADU1}\) 6. Regarding subordinated sentences, the subordinated (or dependent) clause is analysed as an ADU that is independent from the main (or independent) clause, and includes the subordinating conjunction (6). The type of subordinating conjunction (e.g., causal, conditional, temporal, etc.) can be used to assign the argumentative relation. 7. [si s'acaba el xou]\({}_{ADU1}\) ['sa caba la publiciat]\({}_{ADU2}\) 8. [if the show is over]\({}_{ADU1}\) [advertising is over]\({}_{ADU2}\) In example 6, two different ADUs are created, in which the second clause (ADU2) will then be annotated as an inference argumentative relation from the first clause (ADU1). In this way, if later, there a proposition appears that is only related to one of the two previous clauses, this proposition can be related to the corresponding ADU. * Regarding relative clauses, the relative clause is included in the same ADU as the main clause, because these clauses function syntactically as adjectives. However, they can be treated as a subsegment of the ADU if the relative clause acts as an argument (7). 1. [suposa un desig de les persones que fa perpetuar un rol historite de la dona]\({}_{ADU1}\) 3. [que fa perpetuar un rol historite de la dona]\({}_{ADU2}\) 4. [afirma i legitma que les dones han de patir]\({}_{ADU3}\) 5. [this presupposes a desire by people to perpetuate a historical role for a woman]\({}_{ADU1}\) [to perpetuate a historical role for a woman]\({}_{ADU2}\) 6. [this asserts and legitimatizes the idea that women must suffer]\({}_{ADU3}\) In (7), the relative clause is segmented as an independent ADU2, because it is the argument to which ADU3 refers. * In reported speech or epistemic expressions, we distinguish whether the epistemic expression is generated by one of the participants in the debate (8) or is generated by another (usually well-known or renowned) person (9). In the former, the subordinate clause is only analysed as an ADU while, in the latter, the whole sentence is included in the same ADU. 1.