# Structural Analysis of Factors Influencing the Costs of Facade System Implementation
## 4 Results and Discussion
### Conduct and Results of Factor Analysis
The direct impact strength of the individual variables is illustrated in Figure 7.  
The next stage of structural analysis of the identified variables was the analysis of impacts and indirect relationships between the identified variables. The MICMAC method allows us to analyse the spread of interactions through connections and feedback loops coming in and out of particular factors, which in turn extracts hidden relationships between variables, which are often not directly visible for experts or analysts. Using the MICMAC software (Michigan, 2015), matrix B--indirect influence--was calculated. \[B=\left( \begin{array}{cccccccccccccccc}18,826&20,432&13,684&0&0&0&0&0&36,270& 1410&40,876&0&0&0&6842\\ 18,920&22,354&15,308&0&0&0&0&0&36,759&1233&41,018&0&0&0&7654\\ 12,838&14,612&9988&0&0&0&0&24,630&882&27,748&0&0&0&4994\\ 45,916&51,890&35,030&0&0&0&0&89,116&3257&99,833&0&0&0&17,515\\ 22,675&23,988&16,470&0&0&0&0&41,989&1639&48,262&0&0&0&8235\\ 40,015&44,136&29,694&0&0&0&0&77,269&2923&86,842&0&0&0&14,847\\ 12,224&12,992&9100&0&0&0&0&22,096&838&25,694&0&0&0&4550\\ 15,208&16,246&10,892&0&0&0&0&0&29,051&1145&32,878&0&0&0&5446\\ 21,123&24,523&16,092&0&0&0&0&43,042&1570&47,020&0&0&0&8046\\ 19,970&21,729&14,614&0&0&0&0&0&38,444&1484&43,296&0&0&0&7307\\ 8740&8924&6280&0&0&0&0&15,474&618&18,232&0&0&0&3140\\ 46,432&51,596&34,924&0&0&0&0&89,172&3318&10,047&0&0&0&17,462\\ 39,822&44,346&30,048&0&0&0&0&76,545&2835&86,154&0&0&0&15,024\\ 5490&7190&4680&0&0&0&0&12,008&380&12,620&0&0&0&2340\\ 16,789&17,688&12,388&0&0&0&0&30,275&1170&35,303&0&0&0&6194\\ \end{array} \right) \tag{2}\]  
The interactions between variables are shown in Figure 8.  
Figure 7: Direct impact graph. The analysis of the graph of indirect impacts of variables reveals that the following factors have the strongest influence on the factor quality of execution (K): height of the facility (D) and company size (L). Lower-strength impact on the factor quality of execution (K) is exerted by the following factors: complexity of the building body (F) and specialisation of subcontractors (M). The factor implementation time-duration (I) is strongly influenced by the factors company size (L), complexity of the building body (F), and specialisation of subcontractors (M). The next stage of the research is to separate the structure of factors in the research area. Figure 9 presents the groups of factors that influence and describe the research problem of estimating the costs of facade systems. Figure 8: Indirect impact graph. Figure 9: The system of influence–dependence factors on facade systems cost. The analysis reveals that from among the identified factors shaping the costs of facade systems, six groups of defining factors can be distinguished. The first group of factors includes type of aluminium-glass facade (A), type of glass used (B), and type of external cladding (C). These are factors that do not have a very strong impact on the level of costs, but show a strong correlation with other factors, which in effect describes the strategic objective of the analysis, which is to estimate facade costs. The same role is played by a group of ancillary factors--quality of execution (K). The third group of factors involves determinants (mainspring and barriers), comprising the following variables: height of the facility (D), facade surface (E), complexity of the building body (F), and specialisation of subcontractors (M). These are factors that have a very strong impact on the costs of facade systems and characterise the facility and contractors, all of which have a real impact on the level of costs incurred. Another group of factors are the goal factors, where the factor implementation time (I) is the only one, and according to the analysis, changes as a result of the influence of other factors but does not influence them itself. The next group are external factors--company size (L) and implementation deadline (season) (J)--and autonomous determinants: number of window and door frames (G), location of construction (H), inflation (N), and availability of subcontractors (O).