## 3 Results and Discussion
### Case of Non-Parametric Analysis  
Figure 1 shows the electrical signals collected from 15 plants in the time domain. The signals exhibit similar behavior across all samples, with an average amplitude of approximately 276.09 millivolts, calculated as the mean of the maximum and minimum differences across all signals. The average maximum value observed is 426.53 millivolts, while the average minimum is 150.44 millivolts. The signals generally demonstrate steady fluctuations over time, indicating consistent system responses. Specific time intervals with rapid fluctuations, such as between 300 and 310 s, may reflect biological activity as previously described [13]. Different types of signal acquisition are observed in the literature and most of them coincide with an abrupt change or voltage spike that is characteristic of the electrical signal of aloe vera [16; 18]. The statistical parameters obtained, summarized in Table 1, indicate an average signal value of 202.73 mV across all 15 plants, suggesting that the electrical signals oscillated around this level during the measurement period. In contrast to previously reported works, this study increased the number of plants observed; however, they show similar information to that described in the literature [13; 16; 18]. This consistent behavior across the samples reflects a relatively stable basal state in the electrical activity of the plants, aligning with normal metabolic processes and the controlled environmental conditions under which the experiment was conducted. The extreme values observed were 426.53 mV (maximum) \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c} \hline
**Metrics** & **Result** & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Interpretation**} \\ \hline Peak to Peak & 276.09 mv & Amplitude of electrical oscillations. \\ Variance & 127.37 mv2 & Moderate spread in values, reflecting variability \\ Zero crossings & 504 & Frequency of oscillations around the basal value, \\  & & associated with continuous biological processes. \\ \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 1: _Cont._ \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c} \hline
**Wavelet Function** & **Levels** & **Total Energy** & **Entropy** \\ \hline  & 4 & 0.56255 & 1.14681 \\  & 5 & 0.75573 & 1.42209 \\ db3 & 6 & 0.78814 & 1.53511 \\  & 8 & 0.82243 & 1.66137 \\ \hline  & 4 & 0.56547 & 1.12940 \\ sym4 & 5 & 0.73798 & 1.40917 \\  & 6 & 0.79386 & 1.56462 \\  & 8 & 0.82074 & 1.67903 \\ \hline  & 4 & 0.46344 & 1.10881 \\ coif1 & 5 & 0.76798 & 1.34070 \\  & 6 & 0.79133 & 1.43419 \\  & 8 & 0.82455 & 1.55817 \\ \hline  & 4 & 0.68952 & 1.13347 \\ haar & 5 & 0.72427 & 1.27161 \\  & 6 & 0.78246 & 1.44183 \\  & 8 & 0.82589 & 1.60776 \\ \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 2: Total energy and entropy summary with different mother wavelet functions and levels. and 150.44 mV (minimum), resulting in an average range of variation of 276.09 mV. These variations reflect the plants' ability to respond to external stimuli or environmental changes through fluctuations in their electrical signals. The observed amplitude underscores the dynamic nature of the plants' electrical activity and their biological responsiveness. This result could be related to bioelectrical phenomena in the cells of the plants, such as ion flows associated with the opening and closing of ion channels in cell membranes. Across the 15 plants, an average variance of 127.37 mV was observed, indicating a moderate dispersion in the values of the electrical signals. This moderate variance, combined with the abrupt fluctuations seen in specific time intervals, supports the hypothesis of active bioelectrical processes occurring during the measurement period. This could be related to the homeostatic regulation of the plant to adapt to small environmental or internal variations. This being one of the main characteristics of the _A. vera_ plant and the reason for selecting it as an object of study in this work. The signals collectively presented an average of 504 crossings by the mean value, indicating a relatively high frequency of oscillations around the basal level.