###### Abstract  
This study aimed to perform an extensive characterization of a 74.75 TiO\({}_{2}\)-025V\({}_{2}\)O\({}_{5}\)-(\(25-x\))B\({}_{2}\)O\({}_{3}\)-xN\({}_{2}\)O\({}_{5}\) glass system with (x = 0, 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 mol\(\%\)) for radiation shielding properties. Linear and mass attenuation coefficients were determined using Phy-X PSD software and compared with the simulation using Monte Carlo software MCNPX (version 2.7.0). Half value layer, mean free path, tenth value layer, effective atomic number, exposure buildup factor, and energy absorption buildup factors of VTBNd0.0, VTBNd0.5, VTBNd1.0, and VTBNd1.5 glasses were determined, respectively. The results showed that boron (III) oxide and neodymium (III) oxide substitution has an obvious impact on the gamma ray attenuation properties of the studied glasses. It can be concluded that the VTBNd1.5 sample with the highest content of neodymium (III) oxide (1.5 mol\(\%\)) is the superior sample for shielding of gamma radiation in the investigated energy range. MCNPX; neodymium (III) oxide; ionizing radiation; Phy-X PSD +
Footnote †: journal: Applied Sciences  
oxides produce a promising performance. Adding such insoluble metals to tellurium-based glasses greatly drives the creation of semiconducting materials. Vanadium pentoxide occurs as a glassmaker with semiconducting properties in the glasses, making it a reasonable option for a wide variety of applications [7, 8]. It was recently shown that these glasses could have a high degree of radiation protection [9, 10, 11, 12]. Previously, [PERSON] et al. investigated the radiation shielding properties for a Bi\({}_{2}\)O\({}_{3}\)-V\({}_{2}\)O\({}_{5}\)-TeO\({}_{2}\) glass system in the energy range of 0.356-1.33 MeV. Their results showed that increasing Bi\({}_{2}\)O\({}_{3}\) in a V\({}_{2}\)O\({}_{5}\)-TeO\({}_{2}\) glass system leads to an increment in shielding competencies [13]. In fact, the use of glass materials for radiation shielding is not limited to this type of glass, but the frequency of research has been increasing day by day as a hot subject emphasized in many similar studies in recent years [14, 15, 16, 17, 18]. Some of the reasons for this situation are that some traditional materials such as lead and concrete used in radiation fields do not have superior material properties and have some characteristics that threaten health. Of course, although this does not show that they are an inadequate radiation shielding material, some international institutions and organizations have direct incentives for researchers to study new generation shielding materials that can be an alternative to these materials with their eco-friendly and promising properties. In this case, glasses can be considered as a strong candidate for these types of utilizations. In this study, a group of glasses encoded VTBNd0.0, VTBNd0.5, VTBNd1.0, and VTBNd1.5 based on a TeO\({}_{2}\)-V\({}_{2}\)O\({}_{5}\)-(B\({}_{2}\)O\({}_{3}\)/Nd\({}_{2}\)O\({}_{3}\)) glass composition were extensively investigated in terms of their gamma and neutron radiation attenuation competencies [1]. To the best of our knowledge, no extensive gamma-ray shielding characterization has been done using advanced simulation methods and numerical comparison TeO\({}_{2}\)-V\({}_{2}\)O\({}_{5}\)-(B\({}_{2}\)O\({}_{3}\)/Nd\({}_{2}\)O\({}_{3}\)). Therefore, this study aimed to perform a detailed characterization on the aforementioned glass composition, which could be very useful to understand the competencies of studied glass samples in medical and industrial radiation facilities. Moreover, this study aimed to discuss the potential effects of B\({}_{2}\)O\({}_{3}\)/Nd\({}_{2}\)O\({}_{3}\) substitution on nuclear radiation shielding properties. Therefore, another important point to highlight is the concept of investigation that additive replacement effects will be evaluated with details.