## 4 Advantages and Disadvantages of Herbal Hygienic Methods
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{p{113.8 pt} p{113.8 pt} p{113.8 pt}} \hline \multicolumn{1}{c}{**Type of Method**} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{**Advantage**} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{**Disadvantage**} \\ \hline A. The method of mechanical removal of contaminants. & - To get rid of the largest particles of pollutants such as soil particles, sand, other plant grains, dust and dirt. & - Low efficiency of decontamination and the raw material requires further cleaning steps. \\ \hline B. Physical decontamination method: & - High biocide efficacy against both bacteria and fungi. & - Loss of essential oils from the raw material. \\ \hline
2. Carbon dioxide under pressure & - The method is cheap and easy to carry out, does not require any specialized equipment. & - Low biocidal efficiency and loss of essential oils from plants subjected to this method. \\ \hline
3. Electromagnetic wave & - Low application costs and good availability of equipment. & - It is not effective against all microorganisms—Gram-positive spores (_Bacillus subtilis_) and bacteria of the genus Clostridium and mold spores are resistant to their action. & - also causes significant loss of essential oils from the plant. \\ \hline
4. Short-term high temperature application with high pressure at the same time & - The technology does not involve significant organoleptic changes in the herbs. & - Significantly affects the consistency of the raw material, which may be unfavorable especially in the production of spices. \\ \hline
5. Ionizing radiation & - A safe method for the consumer, accepted by the WHO. & - It induces negative chemical and visual changes in the raw material. \\ \hline
6. A wave with an infrared light spectrum & - Easily accessible, low cost, and easy to use method. & - This method has an effect only on the surface of the plants, resulting in a low microbial reduction potential. \\ \hline
7. Steam & - Obtaining very good microbiological parameters of sterilized raw materials with low losses of essential oils, small losses of raw material and high capacity & - The method brings very clear changes in color of plants containing chlorophyll and carotenoid dyes, - significantly imperwies the material with numerous biologically active compounds, - not suitable for decontamination of powdered raw materials—it causes caking. \\ \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 3: Advantages and disadvantages of decontamination methods. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{p{113.8 pt} p{113.8 pt} p{113.8 pt}} \hline \multicolumn{1}{c}{**Type of Method**} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{**Advantage**} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{**Disadvantage**} \\ \hline
**C. Chemical methods** & - High efficiency of raw material sterilization. & - Significant reduction in the amount of essential oils in plant raw materials \\ \hline
2. Ethylene oxide & - Very effectively destroys viruses, fungi, bacteria, and their spores. & - Causes significant losses of biologically active compounds, especially alkaloids, glycosides, and mucus, - produces carcinogenic substances, including ethylene glycol. \\ \hline
3. Methyl bromide & - High solubility in organic substances. & - Shows selective influence on the reduction in microorganisms in the raw material, - harmful effect on the Earth’s ozone layer. \\ \hline
4. Ozonation & - It has a strong bactericidal effect, to which both Gram-positive (_Listeria monocytogenes, Stapily/ococcus aureus_) and Gram-negative (_Escherichia coli, Salmonella_) bacteria are susceptible, as well as viruses and yeasts, - does not cause changes in the chemical composition of the essential oils they contain. \\ \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 3: _Cont._