# Game-Theory-Based Multimode Routing Protocol for Internet of Things
## 2 Related Work
A sleep scheduling protocol based on ZRP has been proposed by [PERSON] and [PERSON] [18]. In this mechanism, the nodes are separated into zones and assigned to each zone with a zone leader. The selection of zone leader is based on residual energy, proximity, distance from the border, and link quality. To ensure load balancing, the zone leader detects many routes from border nodes to the target and distributes traffic along these channels. A sleep-duty cycling system that can be adjusted is also put in place. This is done so that energy is conserved at border nodes. The method is similar to other approaches that combine cluster-based processes with a sleep scheduling algorithm. An enhanced ZRP protocol for vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs) [19] has been proposed to efficiently meet diverse traffic circumstances. The zones are replaced with clusters in this technique, and some clustering mechanisms are used. The normal clustering mechanisms influence the majority of the work. [PERSON] et al. [20] offer yet another modified ZRP. The writers of this study concentrate on the quality of service in the Internet of Vehicles(IoV). By utilizing the QoS function based on various parameters, a ZRP-based link-state mechanism is presented to improve IoV applications' link stability. For WSNs, the \"State Aware Link Maintenance Approach\" (SALMA) [15], a hybrid routing protocol, has been proposed. DSR and OLSR are used as the base protocols for the SALMA. There are three types of nodes: black, grey, and white. The classes are created based on the nodes' activity status. During routing and data transfer, these various nodes use DSR, OLSR, or both protocols. This protocol was created specifically for WSNs and is therefore not useful in HANETs. In [21], several authors suggest that for MANETs, a dynamic cuckoo search (DCS) be combined with a hybrid zone-based hierarchical routing protocol (ZHRP). This mechanism focuses on improving interzone and intrazonal routing links. Multimode routing protocols fall within the hybrid routing protocols category. These technologies make it simple for network nodes to switch between routing techniques. Different nodes in the same network may use different routing behaviors at the same time. [PERSON] et al. [22] have suggested a hybrid routing system that allows nodes to vary their routing behavior. Each node in the network establishes its own routing protocol by examining several parameters at the start. The nodes do not change their routing protocols once they have been configured. [PERSON] and [PERSON] suggest another multimode routing scheme in their article [23]. Here, each node in the network has the ability to select a single routing mode and there are three primary modalities that are discussed: proactive, reactive, and flooding. The entireties in the routing table are also tagged with each node's mode. A single routing database is used for all the network nodes. The base reactive and proactive protocols are AODV and WRP. This work does not address HANETs. The authors in [24] propose a multipath heterogeneous ad hoc network \"MHAR-OLSR\" that combines MANET, FANET and VANET nodes. This multipath routing protocol uses a uniform communication language for heterogeneous ad hoc network components while taking into account their individual properties--transmission range, location, and speed. Four key components are the focus of this work: path classification, path computation, node identification and path selection. The TCMs are also modified in this work in order to achieve its objectives. [PERSON] et al. [25] outline an experiment with a depth first search (DFS) routing protocol that can be used as an inter-network routing protocol to establish a federated network that was conducted during the Coalition Warrior Interoperability eXercise (CWIX) 2019. The authors claim that their proposed work can be used in heterogeneous networks that have an interconnect overlay architecture. The authors also claim that this mechanism works very well with low-data-rate transmission technologies.