# Secure and Efficient High Throughput Medium Access Control for Vehicular Ad-Hoc Network
## 4 Results  
The experiments are conducted on a Windows 10 operating system, 64-bit I-5 quad-core processor with 32 GB RAM and Dedicated 4 GB NVidia CUDA GPU card. The SIMITS [39] simulator tool is used for experimental evaluation. The proposed PECA, S \(-\) PECA, and existing ENCCMA and S \(-\) ENCCMA algorithms are written in C# object-oriented programing language using Visual studio framework 4.5, 2012. The PECA; S \(-\) PECA; S \(-\) ENCCMA; and city, highway, and rural radio propagating environment model (ours) are incorporated into the SIMITS tool. Experiments are conducted to evaluate the performance of S \(-\) PECA over S \(-\) ENCCMA in terms of throughput achieved, successful packet transmission, and packet collision. The experiments are conducted considering different environments such as city, highway, and rural [49; 50; 51]. For simulating and modeling the CHR environmental conditions, we considered the parameters presented in [52] (Table 3). Table 4 illustrates the evaluation simulation parameters. The experiment was evaluated to assess the productivity performance of the proposed method with the state-of-the-art mechanisms and to assess overheads for providing security/safety to VANET. Firstly, we experiment to assess the throughput of PECA and ENCCMA considering the 20 vehicles in city, highway, and rural environments indicated in Figures 7-9, respectively. The experimental outcome shows that PECA improves throughput by 5.23%, 16.65%, and 37.97%, compared to ENCCMA, respectively in city, highway, and rural environments. An average throughput increased 19.95% by PECA compared to ENCCMA considering varied environmental models. Secondly, we evaluated S \(-\) PECA and S \(-\) ENCCMA by running the experiment on 20 vehicles used in city, highway, and rural environments, shown in Figures 7-9, considering security scheme. The experimental outcome shows that S \(-\) PECA improves throughput by 13.22%, 45.54%, and 25.31% over S \(-\) ENCCMA in city, highway, and rural environments. Considering the different environmental models, the average throughput increase of 28.02% is improved in S \(-\) PECA compared to S \(-\) ENCCMA. The overall result shows that when a security scheme is added to PECA and ENCCMA, the model incurs an average throughput overhead of 7.2% and 15.91%, respectively, when provisioning security considering the varied environment model. Overall results show the proposed PECA model perfor \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Parameters** & **Network** & **MAC** & **Modulation Scheme** & **Mobility** & **Bandwidth** & **Frequency Channels** & **Vehicles** & **Environment** \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{Value} & \multirow{2}{*}{30 m \(*\) 30 m} & ENCCMA, & \multirow{2}{*}{QAM-64} & 20 cycle per & \multirow{2}{*}{27 Mbps} & \multirow{2}{*}{7} & \multirow{2}{*}{20} & City, \\  & & S-ENCCMA, PECA & & & & & Highway, \& Rural \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 4: Simulation parameters considered. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{l c c c} \hline \hline
**Environment** & **City** & **Highway** & **Rural** \\ \hline Path loss & 1.61 & 1.85 & 1.79 \\ Shadowing deviation & 3.4 & 3.2 & 3.3 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 3: Channel parameters [52]. existing ENCCMA significantly in terms of throughput performance when provisioning, security to it. Figure 8: Throughput performance for highway environment. Figure 7: Throughput performance for the city environment. Collision  
The experiment was performed to assess the collision of the proposed method with the existing method and to assess the overhead that happened in provisioning safety to VANET. First, the experiment evaluated the collision performance of PECA and ENCCMA using 20 vehicles for the CHR environment as shown in Figures 10-12, respectively. The experimental outcome shows that PECA reduces collision by 44.44%, 35.29%, and 74.13% compared to ENCCMA in city, highway, and rural environments.