## 3 Results
### Distribution and Expansion of Recharging Points  
Figures 2 and 3 show the location, the brand and model, and the maximum power output of the public recharging stations installed by Neogy from 2021 to 2023 along the region of Trentino-South Tyrol. Currently, there are more than 488 recharging stations from at least six different brands and 20 different models. Such recharging stations provide 970 recharging points in Alternating Current (AC) and/or Direct Current (DC) configurations, with maximum power output values that range from 3.7 kW to 400 kW. All the recharging points present in this analysis are classified according to the Regulation for the deployment of Alternative Fuels Infrastructure (AFIR) [46].  
Figure 4 shows the total number of public recharging points up to December 2023 (left side) and the expansion of such points from 2021 to 2023 (right side), while Figure 5 shows the current location of the recharging points, divided by category of maximum power output. During this period, the availability of recharging points increased by around 44% (from 673 recharging points in 2021 to 970 in 2023), with yearly expansion rates of 24% from 2021 to 2022 and 16% from 2022 to 2023, respectively. Most of the available recharging points are from the AC category (760 recharging points), and the predominant part are those classified as AC medium, triple phase (\(7.4\) kW \(\leq p\leq 22\) kW). The province of Trento holds 52% of the AC recharging points in the region. As mentioned before, in 2022, there were 1361 public recharging points available in the study area. From these, 835 points (around 61%) belong to the CPO from this study.  
Figure 3: Number of available recharging points from the analyzed CPO, classified by brand and model of recharging station and by maximum power output, \(P\).  
Figure 2: Recharging stations from Neogy in Trentino-South Tyrol by brand and model.  
The availability of recharging points from the DC category also increased during this period. Up to December 2023, there were 210 such recharging points, 84% of them classified as DC fast (50 kW \(\leq p<\) 150 kW). In this period, the availability of DC recharging points increased by around 89% (from 105 recharging points in 2021 to 199 in 2023). The province of Bolzano holds more than 80% of the DC recharging points in the region. Moreover, the first recharging station with five recharging points classified as DC ultra-fast (level 2)  
Figure 4: Expansion of recharging points from Neogy in Trentino–South Tyrol from 2021 to 2023, classified by type of maximum power output, \(P\).  
Figure 5: Location and number of recharging points from the analysed CPO in Trentino–South Tyrol, classified by type of maximum power output, \(P\).  
(\(p\geq 350\) kW) was installed in November 2023 in this province, providing maximum power outputs of 400 kW [47].  
In terms of types of connectors available, the AC recharging points are equipped with the IEC 62196 Type 2 standard, while the DC recharging points are based on either Combined Charging System (CCS) or CHAdeMO connector types. The former connector is present in all the categories, while the latter is only present in recharging points classified as DC fast (50 kW \(\leq p\) < 150 kW). Only a small percentage of recharging points have the possibility of using both CCS and CHAdeMO, which are only present in DC fast recharging points.