# Rebirth of Distributed AI--A Review of eHealth Research
## 3 A Look into eHealth of the Future
### Characteristics and Requirements of Future eHealth  
Whether it is an application in healthcare, smart manufacturing, or autonomous driving, all future applications will be characterized by being data-driven. This means that data will dictate future services and how services would be designed, developed,  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c c} \hline \hline \multirow{3}{*}{**Ref**} & \multicolumn{6}{c}{**Federated Learning**} \\ \cline{2-9}  & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Tutorial**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Challenges and Solution Approaches**} & \multirow{2}{*}{\
\begin{tabular}{c} **Technological** \\ **Discussion** \\ \end{tabular} } & \multirow{2}{*}{
\begin{tabular}{c} **Application** \\ **Domain(s)** \\ \end{tabular} } \\ \cline{2-3} \cline{5-8}  & \multirow{2}{*}{**High Level**} & & \multirow{2}{*}{**Detailed**} & & **Device** & **Data** & **Communication** & **Relevant** & **Application** \\  & & & & & & X & Partially & Agnostic \\ \hline
[11] & & X & & & & X & Partially & Agnostic \\ \hline
[12] & X & & & & X & X & & Agnostic \\ \hline
[13] & X & & & X & X & & Agnostic \\ \hline
[14] & X & & X & X & X & & & eHealth partially \\ \hline
[16] & & X & & & & & Agnostic \\ \hline
[14] & X & & & & X & X & Agnostic \\ \hline
[19] & X & & & & & & Agnostic \\ \hline
[20] & X & & & & X & Partially & Vehicular IoT \\ \hline
[23] & & X & & & & & Healthcare Informatics \\ \hline
[24] & X & & & X & & & Healthcare Informatics \\ \hline Our Paper & & X & X & X & X & X & & Healthcare Informatics and IoMT \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}
Table 2: Comparative Summary of recent FL Surveys.  
personalized, improved and measured. Data is the new oil of the future, and insights driven out of raw data would be the key for advancement in industries at different levels. Whether it is historical data or real-time data, the envisioned services would make use of data to guide decisions about enhancing the Quality of Experience (QoE). The envisioned healthcare is expected to improve quality of life and to serve the mass of patients remotely and with a minimum intervention by humans, especially after the outbreak of COVID-19 and the fear of similar pandemics. Future services would ambitiously monitor the patient's real-time health status (or the environmental factors around the patient) via a smart watch or implanted device that would proactively forecast health risks and respond to any worrying signs. Imagine emergency response before a heart attack gets started by forecasting its inception using the person's vital signs [27]. The technical ability to sense, compute, communicate, train and infer ML models, and act on real time data are some of the technical requirements for the future eHealth services. In addition to those, services and applications must accommodate the non-technical requirements, namely the data privacy regulations. Processing data within the stringent bounds of privacy is one of the nonnegotiable requirements in eHealth. Medical data about patients must remain within the confined premise of the health institution. When the date are needed to be transmitted over the internet, they must be handled differently from what is conventional. In a nutshell, we can say that the success of these applications hinges on fulfilling three overarching requirements, hinted at above, and summarized as:  
* Real-time intelligence
* Distributed intelligence
* Privacy-preserving enforcement  
It is worth mentioning that not all future applications and services would require these three elements together. However, those that do would make the breakthrough in the quality of services and optimum personalized user experience.