# DNA-PRESENT: An Improved Security and Low-Latency, Lightweight Cryptographic Solution for IoT
## 4 Security, Cost, and Performance Analysis
### Security Analysis
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{l l l l l l} \hline \hline
**Set No.** & **Data Category** & **Secret Key** & **Plaintext** & **Derived Blocks** & **Derived Bits** \\ \hline
1 & RP + LDK & 1 & 64 Specific & 64 & 4096 \\
2 & LDK+ HDP & 1 & 64 Specific & 64 & 4096 \\
3 & RP + RK & 1 & 64 Specific & 64 & 4096 \\
4 & HDP + RK & 1 & 64 Specific & 64 & 4096 \\
5 & HDP + HDK & 1 & 64 Specific & 64 & 4096 \\
6 & HDP + LDK & 1 & 64 Specific & 64 & 4096 \\
7 & LDP + RK & 1 & 64 Specific & 64 & 4096 \\
8 & LDP + HDK & 1 & 64 Specific & 64 & 4096 \\
9 & LDP + LDK & 1 & 64 Specific & 64 & 4096 \\ \hline  & Total & 9 & 576 Specific & 576 & 36,864 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 4: Input data categories for plaintext sensitivity test. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{l l l l l l} \hline \hline
**Set No.** & **Data Category** & **Secret Key** & **Plaintext** & **Derived Blocks** & **Derived Bits** \\ \hline
1 & LDK + LDP & 128 Specific & 1 & 128 & 8192 \\
2 & LDK+ HDP & 128 Specific & 1 & 128 & 8192 \\
3 & LDK + RP & 128 Specific & 1 & 128 & 8192 \\
4 & HDK+ RP & 128 Specific & 1 & 128 & 8192 \\
5 & HDK + LDP & 128 Specific & 1 & 128 & 8192 \\
6 & HDK + HDP & 128 Specific & 1 & 128 & 8192 \\
7 & RK+ RP & 128 Specific & 1 & 128 & 8192 \\
8 & RK + LDP & 128 Specific & 1 & 128 & 8192 \\
9 & RK + HDP & 128 Specific & 1 & 128 & 8192 \\ \hline  & Total & 1152 Specific & 9 & 1152 & 73,728 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 3: Input data categories for key sensitivity test. the correct key can provide the exact plaintext if the secret key is a difference of even one bit; still, the ciphertext turns out to be very different. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{l c c c c c c c c c c} \hline \hline \multicolumn{6}{c}{**DNA-PRESENT**} & \multicolumn{6}{c}{**PRESENT**} \\ \hline
**Set No.** & **\(\bigvee\)** & **\(\bigvee\)** & **\(\bigvee\)** & **\(\bigvee\)** & **\(\bigvee\)** & **\(\bigvee\)** & **\(\bigvee\)** & **\(\bigvee\)** & **\(\bigvee\)** & **\(\bigvee\)** & **\(\bigvee\)** \\
1 & 0 & 5 & 48 & 9 & 66 & 0 & 5 & 52 & 8 & 63 \\
2 & 0 & 7 & 56 & 9 & 56 & 0 & 12 & 46 & 14 & 56 \\
3 & 0 & 3 & 54 & 10 & 61 & 0 & 12 & 48 & 10 & 58 \\
4 & 0 & 9 & 47 & 12 & 60 & 0 & 9 & 58 & 17 & 44 \\
5 & 0 & 9 & 50 & 14 & 55 & 0 & 7 & 44 & 16 & 61 \\
6 & 0 & 8 & 47 & 15 & 58 & 1 & 7 & 53 & 12 & 55 \\
7 & 0 & 6 & 49 & 14 & 59 & 0 & 9 & 55 & 16 & 48 \\
8 & 0 & 5 & 44 & 25 & 54 & 0 & 9 & 60 & 13 & 46 \\
9 & 0 & 2 & 42 & 11 & 73 & 0 & 8 & 55 & 7 & 58 \\ \hline Avg & 0 & 6 & 48.6 & 13.2 & 60.2 & 0.1 & 8.7 & 52.3 & 12.6 & 54.3 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 5: Key sensitivity analysis. Figure 16: Graphical representation of key sensitivity test results (**a–i**). provided in Table 4. Equations (2) and (3) were used along with 576 different plaintexts, while keeping the key constant, and the observations are summarized in Table 6. The observations are categorized similarly to key sensitivity analysis; here, a decrease of 1.04% in >30\(\leq\)40% was achieved using DNA-PRESENT, and an increase of 3.65% was observed for >50% category. Following this table are the detailed graphs of each dataset in Figure 17a-i, depicting exact observed values in each dataset, and it can be seen that DNA-PRESENT achieves a higher bit difference in ciphertext when plaintext bits are toggled. Hence, the attacker can only intercept the plaintext if they have the exact ciphertext; otherwise, even one bit can cause a lot of difference. 2. **Correlation Coefficient**: A linear correlation between plaintext and ciphertext is assessed through the correlation coefficient test [72]. This test is a measure of confusion being introduced in the ciphertext. In a ciphertext-only attack, the attacker attempts to establish a relationship with the plaintext by obtaining the ciphertext. Each ciphertext is tested against its original plaintext, initially using the avalanche effect (Equation (2)) and later the correlation coefficient calculation using Equation (4), as given below.