## 4 Result
### Concentration and Colocation Patterns of the 35 Fields
#### 4.1.2 Highly Mixed Technological Composition except for Food Sectors
Concentration level, measured by Gini coefficients, below the average 0.635 is characterized by spatial dispersion while factor loading more than the average 0.805 indicates apparent colocation. In this regard, there are 12 fields that belong to the intensive technologies with high concentration and high colocation, including control, measurement, analysis of biological materials, biotechnology, IT methods for management, telecommunications, basic communication processes, computer technology, semiconductors, digital communication, micro-structure and nano-technology, and organic fine chemistry; most are high-tech industries requiring frontier knowledge. The extensive technologies with a low concentration and low colocation include 11 fields; they are basic materials chemistry, materials, metallurgy, environmental technology, macromolecular chemistry/polymers, thermal processes and apparatus, engines/pumps/turbines, chemical engineering, civil engineering, pharmaceuticals, transport, and other consumer goods. The supportive technologies with low concentration but high colocation encompass eight fields, including furniture/games, food chemistry, textile and paper machines, handling, machine tools, mechanical elements, other special machines, and surface technology/coating. Both extensive and supportive technologies are mainly generated in the field of traditional manufacturing and the daily necessities industry which are relatively labor intensive. The distinctive technologies with high concentration but low colocation comprise only four fields, including medical technology, audio-visual technology, electrical machinery, apparatus, energy and optics; all are highly specialized fields with demands for professional knowledge. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c} \hline \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**Fields**} & **Computer,** & **Mechanic, Gadget,** & \multirow{2}{*}{**Foods**} \\  & **Communication,** & **Biochemistry** & **Engineering** & \\ \hline Environmental technology & & 0.635 & \multirow{4}{*}{**Foods**} \\ Materials, metallurgy & & 0.636 & \multirow{4}{*}{**Foods**} \\ Transport & & 0.623 & \multirow{4}{*}{**Foods**} \\ Audio-visual technology & & 0.708 & \\ Electrical machinery, apparatus, energy & & 0.727 & \\ Macromolecular chemistry, polymers & & 0.698 & \multirow{4}{*}{**Foods**} \\ Basic materials chemistry & & 0.641 & 0.382 \\ Chemical engineering & & 0.786 & \\ Thermal processes and apparatus & & 0.747 & \\ Mechanical elements & & 0.842 & \multirow{4}{*}{**Foods**} \\ Other special machines & & 0.806 & \\ Surface technology, coating & & 0.854 & \\ Handling & & 0.9 & \\ Textile and paper machines & & 0.899 & \\ Machine tools & & 0.937 & \\ Food chemistry & & & 0.882 \\ Furniture, games & & 0.881 & \\ Other consumer goods & & 0.71 & \\ \hline Variance explained & 48.37\% & 38.07\% & 6.18\% \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 3: Cont. Figure 6. Cross-classification of 35 technological fields by extant of concentration and colocation; Source: authors. [PERSON]'s I is calculated for the four classified technology groups. Results of Global Moran's I are all positive, suggesting an overall clustered spatial pattern of similar values in all four technologies. However, a value of I is minimal for intensive technology, indicating that component technologies in this group are relatively independent compared with the other three groups. Figure 7 is a Lisa cluster map of the four classified technology groups, high-high clusters mainly distribute in the east, surrounded by low-high outliers in distinctive, intensive, and extensive technologies. Low-low clusters mainly distribute in the west (Anqing, Chizhou, and Huangshan) and northwest (from Chuzhou to Hefei) of the YRD in all four technology groups. There is no low-high or high-low outlier in supportive technologies, which also has the largest high-high cluster.