## 5 Conclusions  
In this study, the distribution of spatiotemporal information related to the operations of light purse seine fishing vessels in the Arabian High Seas was extracted and subjected to spatial analysis based on AIS data. The findings present a methodological framework for comprehending information pertaining to fishing vessel operating patterns, areas under fishing pressure, and seasonal variations. The following conclusions were drawn:  
1. The spatial distributions of fishing effort and kernel density were similar to the spatial layout of fishing grounds. The spatial similarity between fishing effort and catch data was the highest, with the use of a 0.25\({}^{\circ}\) spatial scale deemed most suitable for extracting and analyzing spatial information related to light purse seine fishing vessels in the Arabian Sea. 2. The operational space of light purse seine fishing vessels in the Arabian Sea displayed patchy distribution characteristics and underwent significant spatial changes each month. There were evident seasonal variations with no apparent distribution pattern, emphasizing the need for detailed information in resource analysis and management within this region. 3. AIS data were valuable for monitoring the operations of light purse seine fishing vessels in the Arabian Sea. Through real-time data supervision, it enhanced the monitoring of fishing ground distribution and fishing pressure, assisting in global resource conservation efforts. However, it is essential to integrate other technical methods for more effective supervision of fishing vessel operations. **Supplementary Materials:** The following supporting information can be downloaded at [[https://www.mdpi.com/article/10.3390/app142210692/sl](https://www.mdpi.com/article/10.3390/app142210692/sl)]([https://www.mdpi.com/article/10.3390/app142210692/sl](https://www.mdpi.com/article/10.3390/app142210692/sl)), Figure S1: (a) Trajectory of a single fishing vessel using speed with MMSI No. 412440745 in 2021 (b) Trajectory of a single fishing vessel using duration with MMSI No. 412440745 in 2021 (c) Trajectory of a single fishing vessel using FE with MMSI No. 412440745 in 2022 (d) Trajectory of a single fishing vessel using FE with MMSI No. 412440745 in 2022 (e) Trajectory of a single fishing vessel using FE with MMSI No. 412440745 in 2022; Figure S2: (a) Trajectory of a single fishing vessel using duration with MMSI No. 412440745 in 2022 (c) Trajectory of a single fishing vessel using FE with MMSI No. 412440745 in 2022; Figure S3: Composite map of monthly spatial distribution of fishing vessel trajectory points in 2021 (Red) and 2022 (Blue); Figure S4: (a) Mapping of light purse seine vessel distribution with fishing production data in 2021, with Catch in t (b) Mapping of light purse seine vessel distribution with fishing production data in 2022, with Catch in t; Figure S5: (a) Shift in center of gravity of fishing vessels in 2021 (b) Shift in center of gravity of fishing vessels in 2022; Figure S6: (a) Fishing intensity map at a resolution of 0.01\({}^{\circ}\times\)0.01\({}^{\circ}\) in 2021 (b) Fishing intensity map at a resolution of 0.01\({}^{\circ}\times\)0.01\({}^{\circ}\) in 2022; Table S1: Conventional statistics of fishing effort by month and global spatial autocorrelation parameters for fishing vessels(2021); Table S2: Conventional statistics of fishing effort by month and global spatial autocorrelation parameters for fishing vessels(2022). Conceptualization, S.Y. and H.Z. ; methodology, S.Y. and L.Y. ; software, K.J., X.F., and L.Y. ; formal analysis, L.Y. and L.W. ; data curation, W.F. ; writing--original draft preparation, L.Y. ; writing--review and editing, S.Y. ; validation, K.J. and X.F. ; visualization, L.Y. and L.W. ; supervision, W.F. ; project administration, S.Y., H.Z., and W.F. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript. This research was funded by the Laoshan Laboratory (LSKJ202201803, LSKJ202201801, LSKJ202201804). Not applicable.