esa-sceva/satcom-chunk-collection huggingface dataset:
## Abstract  
This study develops a novel estimation method under low-frequency probe data using the Bayesian approach. Given the challenges in estimating travel time under low-frequency probe data and prior distribution of the parameters in a traditional Bayesian approach, the proposed algorithm adopts a historical data-based data-driven method according to the characteristics of travel time regularity. Due to the variability of travel times during peak periods, this paper adopts a mixture distribution of travel times in the Bayesian approach rather than traditional single distribution. The Gibbs sampling method with a burn-in period is used to generate a series of sampling sequences from an unknown joint posterior distribution for estimating the posterior distribution of the parameters. The proposed algorithm is tested using traffic data collected from the Korean freeway section from Gheung IC to Dongtan IC. Both MAPE and RMSE of the estimation results show that the proposed method has the smallest deviation from the ground truth travel time compared to the simple mean and moving average methods. Moreover, the proposed Bayesian estimation yields the smallest standard deviation of MAPE for all test days. The credible intervals for estimated travel times show that the proposed method provides good accuracy in estimating travel time reliability.  
Bayesian mixture estimation; low-frequency probe data; data-driven method; individual travel data; credible interval 2022
In terms of the level of intervention on pylon structures, methods involving voltage increases are significantly more demanding and financially costly. Technically, economically, and temporally, increasing the current-carrying capacity appears to be more advantageous. In the context of the Slovak Republic, ACSR conductors, which allow operation up to approximately 80 \({}^{\circ}\)C, are predominantly used. A suitable solution for increasing transmission capacity seems to be the replacement of existing conductors with high-temperature conductors [5; 6]. The aim of this article is as follows:  
* To determine the impact of external climatic conditions and the state of conductor wear on the load-carrying capacity of lines (dynamic ampacity) and subsequently compare it with static ampacity. Given that the transmission capacity of lines in the Slovak Republic is determined based on static ampacity by grid operators, this calculation will highlight the actual load-carrying capacity of lines under real operating conditions. * To calculate the change in ampacity of high-temperature conductors compared to existing ACSR conductors, considering the maximum allowable operating temperature of the conductor, external climatic conditions, and the state of conductor wear. The selection of the type and parameters of high-temperature conductors was made to ensure that no modifications to the pylon structures would be necessary when replacing the conductors. The individual chapters of the article contain the following:
* The issue of ampacity of overhead transmission lines using ACSR conductors, focusing on their maximum current capacity and operational limitations due to temperature constraints. It explores methodologies like static line rating (SLR) and dynamic line rating (DLR) to evaluate ampacity under varying environmental conditions, emphasizing the need for dynamic adjustments to optimize transmission efficiency. * Contrasts in CIGRE and IEEE standards in calculating ampacity and conductor temperature using different thermal balance equations, addressing key factors like convection, radiation, and solar heating for accurate temperature estimation in varied environmental conditions. * Considerations relating to the use of high-temperature low-sag conductors, covering their types and applications in overhead transmission lines. * The exploration of overhead transmission line ampacity in Slovakia, guided by CIGRE Technical Brochure 601. This includes an analysis of ambient temperature, wind speed, and solar radiation effects on ACSR conductors' maximum current capacities. * An analysis of using HTLS conductors to enhance the ampacity of overhead transmission lines. It focuses on replacing ACSR conductors with ACCC conductors, comparing their ampacity under varying meteorological conditions specified by STN standards for SLR and the application of steady-state DLR on conductor performance.
###### Abstract  
MoS\({}_{2}\)/TiO\({}_{2}\) nanostructures made of MoS\({}_{2}\) nanoparticles covering TiO\({}_{2}\) nanosheets have been synthesized, either via ex situ or in situ approaches. The morphology and structure of the MoS\({}_{2}\)/TiO\({}_{2}\) hybrid nanostructures have been investigated and imaged by means of X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), while the vibrational and optical properties have been investigated by Raman, Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR), and UV\(-\)visible (UV-vis) spectroscopies. Different stacking levels and MoS\({}_{2}\) nanosheets distribution on TiO\({}_{2}\) nanosheets have been carefully evaluated from HRTEM images. Surface sites on the main exposed faces of both materials have been established by means of in situ FTIR spectra of CO probe molecule adsorption. The results of the ex situ and in situ approaches are compared to underline the role of the synthesis processes affecting the morphology and structure of MoS\({}_{2}\) nanosheets, such as curvature, surface defects, and stacking order. It will be shown that as a result of the in situ approach, the reactivity of the TiO\({}_{2}\) nanosheets and hence, in turn, the MoS\({}_{2}\)-TiO\({}_{2}\) nanosheets interaction are modified.  
Keywords:heterstructures; TiO\({}_{2}\) nanosheets; few layers MoS\({}_{2}\)/TiO\({}_{2}\); ex situ and in situ approaches; FTIR; Raman; UV-vis; XRD; HRTEM +
Footnote †: journal: Applied Sciences
## 1 Introduction
In summary, this paper investigates the resource scheduling and energy efficiency optimization problem in a 5G and satellite converged network for power transmission and distribution scenarios. We propose a Joint Device Association and Power Control Online Optimization (JDAPCOO) algorithm to maximize the long-term total system energy efficiency while guaranteeing the minimum transmission rate requirement of PDs. The contributions are as follows. * Combined with the actual application scenarios of PDs, this paper proposes a 5G and satellite converged network architecture for power transmission and distribution scenarios, where PDs can choose to forward power data to cloud server data centers via ground networks or space-based networks. Among them, a UAV is introduced as a relay between PDs and satellite to ensure the stability of system transmission. * On the premise of ensuring the minimum transmission rate requirements of PDs, we propose an online optimization algorithm of joint device association and power control, including a device association strategy based on a genetic algorithm and device power control scheme based on an improved simulated annealing algorithm. By solving the device association strategy and power control scheme in each time slot, the long-term total system energy efficiency is maximized. * We conduct extensive simulations to compare our algorithm with several benchmark algorithms. The results show that our solution has better performance. The rest of this paper is organized as follows. Section 2 provides an overview of related works. Section 3 presents the system model and problem modeling. The problem solution will be introduced in Section 4. Section 5 presents the numerical results of the simulation. Section 6 is the conclusion of the paper.
# Real-Time Hybrid Navigation System-Based Path Planning and Obstacle Avoidance for Mobile Robots
## 9 Conclusions  
In this study, we proposed series algorithms for navigating the autonomous service robot in an indoor environment in the presence of moving obstacles. These methods meet the requirements of real-time performance, flexibility. In tracking trajectory task, instead of doing the velocity plan for the robot, we present the reshape trajectory method. That method can perform in real time because it very flexible and does not cause many changes in curvature of the entire trajectory. In moving obstacle-avoidance task, our algorithm performs very well in many cases. However, in some specific cases, the robot is easily stuck in local minimum when optimizing WSM. The proposed algorithm is not strictly time-optimal or distance-optimal because the path constructed by the solution extracted from WSM is based on weight values that subjectively evaluated which makes it almost impossible to have the optimal path.  
For a better version, further works may include the following topics:  
* Using neural networks to evaluate the weighted values of WSM;
* In the path-planning algorithm, the final path does not have enough space for construct the Bezier curve in some specific case when path is constructed in a narrow area. We proposed the bubble generation method that same as in the [20]. They can easily constrain the extension of the Bezier curve around the original path;
* Restricting the maximum velocity when the robot encounters sections of trajectory with large curvature.  
Conceptualization, N.T.T.; Formal analysis, P.G.L.; Investigation, P.G.L.; Methodology, N.T.T.; Project administration, N.T.T.; Supervision, N.T.T.; Visualization, P.G.L.; Writing-original draft, P.G.L.; Writing-review & editing, N.T.T. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.  
This research is funded by Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology and Education, Vietnam.  
The authors declare no conflict of interest
## A Method for Clustering and Cooperation in Wireless Multimedia Sensor Networks  
**[PERSON] * and [PERSON]**  
Computer Architecture Department, Universitat Polit c nica de Catalunya (UPC), Barcelona, Spain;  
E-Mail: [EMAIL_ADDRESS]  
* Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: [EMAIL_ADDRESS];  
Tel.: +34-93-4011655; Fax: +34-93-4017055.  
_Received: 21 January 2010; in revised form: 23 February 2010 / Accepted: 12 March 2010 / Published: 31 March 2010_  
**Abstract:** Wireless multimedia sensor nodes sense areas that are uncorrelated to the areas covered by radio neighbouring sensors. Thus, node clustering for coordinating multimedia sensing and processing cannot be based on classical sensor clustering algorithms. This paper presents a clustering mechanism for Wireless Multimedia Sensor Networks (WMSNs) based on overlapped Field of View (FoV) areas. Overlapping FoVs in dense networks cause the wasting of power due to redundant area sensing. The main aim of the proposed clustering method is energy conservation and network lifetime prolongation. This objective is achieved through coordination of nodes belonging to the same cluster to perform assigned tasks in a cooperative manner avoiding redundant sensing or processing. A paradigm in this concept, a cooperative scheduling scheme for object detection, is presented based on the proposed clustering method.  
**Keywords:** Wireless Multimedia Sensor Network (WMSN); clustering; field of view; cooperation; energy conservation; object detection; scheduling
## 4 Discussion
### Discussion of the Balance Test Data  
The increase in the COP parameters suggested that the imbalance of the dancers increased after the dance sessions (Figure 4). The increment may be caused by fatigue. [PERSON] et al., who had examined the postural sway of young rhythmic gymnasts, found that fatigue can alter regular neural transmission, which ultimately leads to poorer postural control expressed in the form of larger COP excursions [16]. Moreover, the result of this study was in accordance with the results of [PERSON]'s study, where the postural sway also increased after induction of ankle muscle fatigue [28]. Additionally, based on the statistical analysis of the stability measurements, there was a significant difference at the 95% confidence level in the following COP parameters after the dance sessions (Table 4): the difference between eyes opened and closed (\(p=0.006\)) of the maximum deviation of the COP in the anterior direction and the difference between eyes opened and closed  
Figure 5: The maximum normalized ground reaction force’s impulses during cross landing in the case of Dancer No. 2. For each 30 s-long dancing session, the measured force impulses are plotted on top of each other. The red GRF impulse curve denotes the mean curve in each session. Note that in the statistical analyses, only the maximum peak value was used. The numeric data are detailed in Supplementary Material S4.  
(\(p=0.014\)), also before and after dancing (\(p=0.023\)), of the maximum deviation of the COP in the posterior direction. This suggested that the lack of visual feedback increased the imbalance after the dance sessions. The results of the present study corresponded to the results of the study of [PERSON] et al. (2015). The other examined COP parameters did not show a significant difference at the 95% confidence level, which can be explained by the dancers' experience as their bodies are accustomed to dancing later in the repetitions.
# SDebrisNet: A Spatial-Temporal Saliency Network for Space Debris Detection
## 2 Space Debris Detection  
### Overview of the Proposed Detection Method  
Figure 1 shows the flow chart of the proposed space debris detection method, which mainly includes saliency detection and centroid computation. Saliency detection uses video clips as input and output corresponding saliency maps, from which centroid coordinates of space debris for each frame can be computed.  
Figure 2 shows the overall structure of the proposed spatial-temporal method for space debris detection in satellite videos, which contains four major modules: SFM, SFEM, TFM and STFM. First, the video clip contains several consecutive frames \(\{l_{i}\}_{i=1}^{N}\), where \(N\) is the number of frames, which are fed into the SFM, which is aimed at extracting the spatial features \(\{C_{i}\}_{i=1}^{N}\) from the raw input frames and outputting five different resolutions of feature maps \(\{C^{j}\}_{j=1}^{5}\) for each frame. Second, SFEM consists of four spatial feature  
Figure 1: Flow chart of the proposed space debris detection method.  
enhancement (SFE) networks designed to enhance the spatial features outputted by SFM and the five enhanced features \(\{CE^{j}\}_{j=1}^{5}\) with the same shape of \(\{C^{j}\}_{j=1}^{5}\). Meanwhile, each high-level feature map \(C_{i}^{5}\) of each frame is combined as \(C_{S}\in\mathbb{R}^{C\times N\times H\times W}\) for a video clip by a concatenation operation, where \(C,H,W\) denote the channels, height, and width of the feature maps, respectively. Then, \(C_{S}\) is sent to the TFM to learn the spatiotemporal coherence of the consecutive frames based on the self-attention method and outputs the temporal salient high-level features \(C_{T}\). Finally, the resulting saliency images \(\{S_{i}\}_{i=1}^{N}\) with values in the range \([0,1]\) of the video clip, were obtained through STFM, composed of the residual connected refinement network, by fusing the enhanced spatial features and temporal features from high to low levels, progressively.
## 2 Results
### Transcriptional Regulators and Sensory Histidine Kinases
#### 2.2.7 Cluster G: Regulatory Proteins More Abundant in Pi Proficiency than in Pi  
Limitation in _SL_ but Not in _SC_  
This cluster includes 14 regulatory proteins (Figure 8):  
* The nitrogen regulator GlnRI/SCO4159, which activates the expression of genes involved in nitrogen/uptake and assimilation [70,86,173] but directly represses the expression of _actII-ORF4_, whereas it activates that of _redZ_, activator of the ACT and RED pathways, respectively [174]).
* The gene encoding the TetR regulator SCO2775 is located upstream of genes (_sco2774_-73_) encoding proteins involved in the \(\beta\)-oxidation of fatty acids and in divergence of genes encoding acetyl/propionyl CoA carboxylase (\(\alpha\)/SCO2777 and \(\beta\)/SCO2776 subunits) involved in the biosynthesis of malonyl or methyl-malonylCoA, possibly used for fatty acids and/or polyketide (ACT) biosynthesis. SCO2777 and SCO2776 were highly abundant in _SC_ but poorly abundant in _SL_, in both Pi conditions (Figure S2A of [9]), suggesting that SCO2775 represses the expression of the corresponding encoding genes, consistently with high ACT production of _SC_.
* The orphan atypical RR SCO4768/BldM [175] positively controls the formation of aerial mycelium [176].  
* The gene encoding the regulator SCO4443 is located downstream of a gene encoding a glutathione peroxidase/SCO4444. SCO4444 was more abundant in Pi limitation than in Pi proficiency in _SL_ (Figure S11A of [9]) (but it was the opposite in _SC_) suggesting that SCO4443 represses SCO4444 expression in Pi proficiency, at least in _SL_.
* The gene encoding the regulator MalR/SCO2232 is located in divergence of the maltose transport/utilization operon [177; 178] and mediates maltose induction and glucose repression of the maltose transport/utilization operon [179]. Consistently, SCO2231/MalE, putative maltose-binding protein, was mainly abundant in Pi limitation in _SL_ (Figure S15B of [9]). This regulation is obviously altered in _SC_ since MalE was abundant in both Pi conditions in _SC_. In contrast, the maltose permease SCO2229/MalG (Figure S15D of [9]) was mainly abundant in Pi limitation in _SC_.
* The gene encoding the regulator SCO2182 is located upstream of _sco2183/aceE1_ encoding a putative component E1 of pyruvate dehydrogenase. SCO2183 was similarly abundant in the two strains in Pi proficiency (Figure S1 of [9]) suggesting that SCO2182 positively regulates its expression in Pi proficiency.
## 3 Preliminaries
### Evaluation Metrics  
Many factors have to be considered when designing a data gathering mechanism in the opportunistic sensor networks, yet in our model there are two basic evaluation metrics: _transmission overhead_ and _data coverage_.  
Transmission overhead indicates the efficiency and overall cost of the algorithm, it is represented by the total number of messages sent by the ordinary sensing nodes. Fewer transmissions mean less chance of congestion and conserve more energy, especially when considering most of mobile nodes are battery-powered. Data coverage indicates the effectiveness of the algorithm, which is defined by the amount of collected data divided by the total sensed data. Unlike other data gathering mechanisms in stationary wireless sensor network, the data gathering latency is not treated as a key metric for our algorithm. This is because we assume the network is delay-tolerant, and the maximal gathering latency is constrained by \(\Upsilon\), which is the duration of a data gathering round defined at the application.
## 3 Results and Discussion
### Quantification of the Correction Factor of Co-Flowing Method for Accurate Viscosity Measurement
Therefore, by inserting the regression formula of \(CF\) into Equation (3), the viscosities of the blood and plasma were obtained with sufficient accuracy. Figure 2: Derivation of blood viscosity formula in terms of fluidic circuit elements. (**A**) Mathematical representation of co-flowing channel. (**B**) Quantitative comparison between the experimental and numerical simulation results. (i) Experimental results showing variations of interface with respect to flow-rate ratio (\(Q_{t}/Q_{r}\)) (\(Q_{t}/Q_{r}\) = 1/0.2, 1/0.5, 1/1, 0.5/1, and 0.2/1). (ii) Numerical simulation results showing variations of interface with respect to \(Q_{t}/Q_{r}\). (**C**) Variations of \(CF\) obtained by experimental and numerical simulation results with respect to the interface. Based on linear regression analysis of the experimental results, the \(CF\) was best fitted as \(CF\) = 0.7004 \(\alpha_{t}\) + 0.6216 (R\({}^{2}\) = 0.9469).
# The Influence of Processing on the Bioactive Compounds of Small Berries
## 4 Processing of Small Berries and Their Effects on Bioactive Compounds
### Drying
[85] promoted the use of MW-vacuum puffing drying as a new strategy to process blackcurrants, cranberries, and raspberries for the development of snacks with a high content of antioxidants and a crunchy texture. The crunchy texture is correlated with the porous structure that results from puffing, where the pressure difference between the product and vacuum leads to the expansion of the fruits [85]. Drying berries using a combination of low-pressure superheated steam and far-infrared is a cost-effective method for obtaining high-quality dehydrated samples [72]. Refractance window drying uses a heat transfer mechanism based on conduction, convection, and radiation that can be applied to dry heat-sensitive fruits like berries to preserve their quality. It is a cost-effective technique as the installation and operation costs are lower. However, the low capacity is considered the main limitation of this drying system [70]. The quality of the products dried with a refractance window is considered similar to freeze-dried products; however, compared with freeze drying, the process is faster and cheaper [86]. Haskap berry powder dried with a refractance window was able to maintain more than 90% of the anthocyanins present in the frozen berries [86]. Although this drying method involves the use of hot water at 95 \({}^{\circ}\)C to reduce the moisture content of the berries, the temperature of the product does not exceed 80 \({}^{\circ}\)C, while the drying method is very fast, up to 5 min, allowing the retention of most of the bioactive compounds. Overall, drying represents a critical process for obtaining high-quality products with health-promoting properties. Among the various combinations that can be applied for berry drying, [PERSON] et al. [70] reported that the most significant with high potential to be used in the future for berry drying are microwave-convective drying, vacuum-microwave drying, convective and vacuum-microwave drying, ultrasound-assisted convection drying, microwave, and far-infrared. Thus, it is essential for the food industry to identify the best drying conditions, so as to provide consumers with healthy products based on berries with a reduced carbon footprint.
# Detection of Volatiles by HS-SPME-GC/MS and Biological Effect Evaluation of Buddha's Hand Fruit
## 2 Materials and Methods
### Antibacterial Activity  
The antibacterial activity of EEX, MEX, EO, and Hy were defined by the Minimal Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and the Minimal Bactericidal Concentration (MBC).  
Gram-negative (_Escherichia coli_ ATCC 25922) and Gram-positive (_Bacillus cereus_ ATCC 10876) bacteria were obtained by growing cultures from the collection of the Plant Cytology and Biotechnology Laboratory (Tuscia University) and grown at 37 \({}^{\circ}\)C and 26 \({}^{\circ}\)C, respectively, in Lysogeny broth (LB) agar.  
The microwell dilution method was used to determine Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC), as reported by [PERSON] et al. in 2021 [27]. All the matrices were diluted twelve times in LB broth (from 10 to 4.9 \(\times\) 10\({}^{-3}\) mg/mL and 1% to 5 \(\times\) 10\({}^{-4}\)% for extracts and EOs, respectively), DMSO controls, growth controls without treatments, and sterility controls without bacteria were added to 96-microwell plates. As positive controls, gentamicin dilutions (100 ug/mL to 0.049 ug/mL) were used. In each well, a bacteria suspension (10\({}^{6}\) CFU/mL) was added, except to the sterility control, and after 24 h, 20 uL of 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolzolium bromide (200 ug/mL, MTT) was added to determine the bacterial growth.  
To determine the Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC), defined as the lowest concentration of an antibacterial agent required to kill a bacterium over a fixed period, 10 uL of the last four dilutions from the microwell dilution method in which no bacteria growth was observed were plated on LB agar following 24 h of incubation. The assay was carried out in triplicate. To define if the antibacterial activities of the tested samples were bactericidal or bacteriostatic, the ratio MBC/MIC of each sample was calculated and when the obtained value was <4, a bactericidal activity was defined.