## 5 Conclusions  
This work aligns with the national energy transition strategies and contributes to the broader objective of fostering a cleaner and more sustainable future. Additionally, it highlights the significant potential of renewable energy utilization in enhancing local agricultural development, particularly through the implementation of cost-effective irrigation systems. It presents a novel approach to agricultural irrigation through the design of a HRES, combining solar and wind energy sources for a farm located in the Skikda region of Algeria. The system utilizes a large water reservoir to store energy in the form of potential energy, replacing traditional batteries and using gravity to power the irrigation system for 830 fruit trees. A detailed mathematical modeling of the system components was conducted to identify key design variables, and this was followed by the development of a multi-objective optimization approach to ensure the system's optimal sizing and performance. In our approach, the water reservoir serves as a central component of the energy storage strategy, offering a viable alternative to conventional batteries. Instead of relying on electrochemical storage, the system utilizes a large elevated water reservoir to store potential energy, which is later used for irrigation through gravity-driven flow. This method ensures energy-free water delivery during periods of low solar or wind energy availability. The reservoir's capacity and operational dynamics are fully integrated into the system modeling, allowing for a comprehensive assessment of its role in reducing dependence on electrical storage, enhancing irrigation reliability, and minimizing overall system costs. The results demonstrate that leveraging pumped-water storage represents an economically attractive and technically robust alternative to battery-based storage in hybrid renewable energy-driven agricultural systems. The results confirm the practical viability and sustainability of the proposed methodology, demonstrating its capacity to improve energy efficiency and agricultural resilience, particularly in remote areas with limited access to conventional energy infrastructure. This work paves the way for a broader adaptation of HRESs across diverse agricultural regions. To support their widespread adoption, it is essential to invest in alternative energy storage solutions, such as water reservoirs, which provide a reliable and cost-effective energy supply tailored to irrigation needs. Further efforts should include research on context-specific hybrid configurations, integration of HRESs into national agricultural strategies, and the implementation of pilot projects to assess real-world performance. Strengthening local capacities through technical training, financial support, and regional service centers will also be key. Finally, embedding HRESs in national electrification and food security policies, alongside robust monitoring and evaluation frameworks, will ensure long-term impact and scalability. Future research will focus on enhancing the performance of hybrid energy systems by incorporating additional factors. This development will include the integration of alternative renewable energy sources, such as biomass, alongside advanced energy storage devices (e.g., water reservoirs and batteries). Moreover, further studies should explore the application of various methodologies, enabling comparison of results across different approaches. Particular attention will be given to assessing the impact and limitations of using water reservoirs as an energy storage medium in place of batteries, with emphasis being placed on scalability, maintenance requirements, and long-term reliability. Conceptualization, N.A. and R.K.; methodology N.A., A.B., A.K. and R.K.; software, A.K. and R.K.; investigation, N.A. ; writing--original draft preparation, N.A., A.B., A.K. and R.K.; writing--review and editing, N.A., A.B., A.K. and R.K. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.