# Energy-Aware Next-Generation Mobile Routing Chains with Fog Computing for Emerging Applications
## 2 Related Literature  
Future 6G networks provide storage and computing services by exploring fog computing and IoT devices [22; 23]. However, because IoT devices and fog nodes have some resource constraints, energy-efficient solutions are needed for storage and computation services. Fog computing is an emerging technology for facilitating cloud networks [24; 25; 26]. Several issues with cloud architectures have recently emerged as a result of the rapid increase in IoT devices [27; 28; 29]. Fog computing can be used to increase the processing and storage capacity of the cloud by acting as a middle layer between consumer devices and the cloud. Offloading is a technique that can be used to move computations, data, and energy use from resource-constrained devices to resource-rich fog/cloud layers to enhance application quality, and improve system performance [30; 31]. However, security is still a demanding challenge from constraint networks even in the existence of fog nodes. Many solutions have been presented to cope with network anomalies, but at the expense of nodes' overhead and network complexity [32; 33]. The authors of [34] offer an efficient routing method called an energy-efficient hierarchical routing protocol. It is based on fog computing to transfer the sensors' data, and provides a scalable solution to meet the demands of IoT applications while maximizing the limited power supply of constraint networks. It also offers an improved ant colony optimization algorithm that may be used to choose the optimal path for achieving data routing. In [35], using a novel paradigm, the authors expanded the network computing infrastructure for the 5G communication system. To improve the Quality of Service (QoS) and Quality of Experience (QoE), a new design of the fog computing framework is explored in this work. Moreover, the proposed solution offers a method for managing mobility in fog networks that takes into account both static and dynamic mobile nodes. The authors in [36] proposed a solution to improve the secure flow of information for the multimedia network. The Message Queue Telemetry Transport (MQTT) protocol over SSL/TLS is used in the proposed system. To mitigate man-in-the-middle attacks, the Elliptic curve-ElGamal cryptography method is introduced because MQTT is disposed to eavesdropping. According to the data topic, the proposed solution uses dynamic key change and proportionate offloading methods to send data selectively to the cloud and the fog, thereby conserving nodes' energy. Authors in [37] proposed a comprehensive trust management system, based on a Gaussian distribution (GDTMS). Furthermore, to achieve the trade-off between security, transmission efficiency, and energy consumption, grey decision-making is included in the trust decision. The proposed trade-off can successfully choose a trust management-based secure routing strategy as the reliable and secure relay node. The proposed strategies can also be used to defend against bad mouthing attacks. Simulation findings demonstrate that GDTMS performs more efficiently than other related algorithms. The authors of [38] offer a node-to-node communication architecture for 5G networks that is based on fog computing. It permits communication that is purely network infrastructure-dependent. The associated next-generation evolved node base station (gNB) imports the necessary data from neighboring fog servers to establish the connection. In data analytical units (DAUs), the information is processed after it has been retrieved. The DAUs are built-in processing units that work closely with gNBs and fog servers. Furthermore, a robust mobility management strategy is proposed for dynamic mobile users to facilitate node-to-node communication. The following elements have been found in relevant studies to give attention to dynamic and unpredictable networks. In [39], the Trust based Next Forwarding Node Selection algorithm and the Fuzzy Based Stable and Secure Routing algorithm are two novel algorithms that are combined for achieving secure routing.