## 1 Introduction  
When compared to other energy sources, solar energy has drawn a lot of attention as a reliable and efficient way to address the growing global energy demand [1]. Photovoltaic panels can be used to convert solar energy directly into electricity or heat at different temperatures. In addition, it is a clean, free energy source that contributes to reducing global warming. But in order to transform solar radiation into usable energy, certain highly efficient equipment is required. There are various arrangements for solar air collectors. Their inexpensive cost, straightforward structure, and design define them. However, because of their low heat transfer coefficient, air solar collectors have low thermal efficiency. Numerous studies have bee n carried out to improve this crucial component in order to improve the thermal performance of air solar collectors. The absorber plate of the air solar collector has undergone a number of changes in an effort to improve heat transfer [2]. A good method of raising the radiative heat transfer is to add artificial roughness, namely surface-enhancing elements that break the laminar sub-layer and cause turbulence to occur over the absorber plate. Nonetheless, there are several drawbacks to manufactured roughness that are associated with friction losses. Therefore, research on various forms of artificial roughness is required, along with optimization of the crucial elements of pressure loss and heat transfer. Fins that are inclined, triangular, circular, elliptical, or rectangular in shape are among the several geometric shapes and artificial roughness forms that have been suggested and studied [1, 2]. [PERSON] et al. [2] presented a novel concept that addresses environmental concerns by utilizing recyclable aluminum cans as the absorber plate for an air solar collector. The results showed that by adding the cans to the absorber surface, the thermal efficiency increased from 25% to 63%. [PERSON] et al. [3] numerically investigated the effect of adding circular and semi-circular ribs to the surface of a solar air heater. The results showed that the semi-circular rib gives the highest performance. [PERSON] [4] studied unsteady-state heat exchange mechanisms that governed the functioning of a bare single-pass solar collector, using non-porous selective absorbers. The derived mathematical model was subsequently utilized to forecast the thermal efficiency of this kind of collector. The installation of surface-enhancing elements in the form of ribs on the absorber plate under turbulent flow conditions was investigated numerically by [PERSON] et al. [5]. It was shown that the heat transfer was much improved as compared to a smooth surface. [PERSON] et al. [6] investigated how technological and design factors affected the thermal and aerodynamic processes occurring in a solar air heater with light-absorbing L-shaped fins. They discovered that the solar air heater with fins, had high thermo-aerodynamic characteristics. [PERSON] and [PERSON] [7] conducted both theoretical and experimental analysis using finned and V-corrugated air heaters to enhance the effectiveness of traditional air heaters. [PERSON] et al. [8] created a 3D steady-state CFD model of a flat-plate solar air collector with a selective absorber under steady-state conditions. They discovered an 81% enhancement in thermal efficiency. [PERSON] et al. [9] developed a 3D CFD transient model of a solar collector with fins that were incorporated into the phase change materials. The thermal efficiency increased from 33% to 46% when using the fins with phase change materials. [PERSON] et al. [10] presented a report related to a performance evaluation of using a tube solar collector with perforated fins. They showed that surface-enhancing fins increased the efficiency and hence decreased the cost of energy. [PERSON] et al. [11] presented an experimental study including the modification of a solar cooker. It was determined that the modification provided 53 percent efficiency compared to the traditional type solar cooker.