## 4 Profiling  
For the profiling procedure, the equipment to undergo the interoperability test needs to be specified. Consequently, the interaction links of interest will be the ones that entail the equipment under test. The profiling has two steps, the BAP and the BAIOP.  
The Basic Application Profiles (BAPs) are based on the information flows that are exchanged between actors. For the BAPs to be created we should take into account the standards and protocols that specify the information flows. Each BAP means that only one standard/protocol can be used, since BAPs can have no options. The Basic Application Interoperability Profiles take into account one BAP, equivalently one solution, for each of the interaction links between actors.  
Since there is only one equipment under test, the rest of the equipment/actors are considered to comprise the test bed and their functionalities are known. Consequently, it is considered that the standards used for the known functioning links are already fixed and no further investigation takes place. Thus, the BAPs for these links are considered to be fixed. The BAP(s) and subsequently the BAIOP(s) with respect to the equipment under test are defined based on the equipment's specifications.  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{l} \hline
**Interfaces H2 and H3—Standard(s) for Communication layer** \\ \hline ITU-T G. 9903-2014 Narrowband orthogonal frequency division multiplexing power line communication \\ transceivers for G3-PLC networks \\ \hline ITU-T G.9904-2012 Narrowband orthogonal frequency division multiplexing power line communication \\ transceivers for PRIME networks \\ \hline ITU-T G.9902-2013 Narrowband orthogonal frequency division multiplexing power line communication \\ transceivers for ITU-T G.Innem networks \\ \hline ITU-T G.9901-2014 Narrowband orthogonal frequency division multiplexing power line communication \\ transceivers—Power spectral density specification \\ \hline IEEE 1901.2-2013 Low-Frequency (less than 500 kHz) Narrowband Power Line Communications for Smart Grid Applications \\ \hline IEEE 802.15.4: 2015 Low-Rate Wireless Networks \\ \hline ITU-T G.9960-2015 Unified high-speed wireline-based home networking transceivers—System architecture \\ and physical layer specification \\ \hline IEEE 1901-2010 Broadband over Power Line Networks: Medium Access Control and Physical Layer \\ Specifications \\ \hline ITU-T G.9959: Short range narrow-band digital radio communication transceivers—PHY, MAC, SAR and LLC \\ layer specifications \\ \hline LoRaWAN Specification 1.0: LoRaWANTM Specification \\ \hline
3 GPP Release 13 NB-IOT: Narrow Band Internet of Things \\ \hline EN 13321: Open data communication in building automation, controls and building management—Home and building electronic system \\ \hline EN 50090: Home and building electronics systems (HBES) \\ \hline EN 14908: Open Data Communication in Building Automation, Controls and Building Management \\ \hline EN 13757: Communication systems for and remote reading of meters \\ \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}
Table 6: Interfaces H2, H3 and standards for the communication layer.  
In case this assumption does not take place, then all possible solutions/standards for all equipment/actors need to be considered. Since each BAP only contains one standard/option of a standard, and there is more than one interaction link between the actors, this means that we can end up with a very high number of BAPs for each interaction and a number of BAIOPs that will be exponentially higher.  
For example, in the use case described in Section 3, if no equipment is considered as part of the already known test bed, then we will end up with a total number of BAPs as high as 116. Each BAIOP means that one BAP for each link is taken into account. With more BAPs, the number of BAIOPs increases exponentially and reaches the number of 16796.16 \(\times\) 10\({}^{6}\) possible BAIOPs, since these are based on the 2, 2, 2, 4, 4, 18, 12, 12, 15, 15, 15 and 15 BAPs for each link of information exchange respectively.