## 3 Results and Discussion
### Mixing Process Tracking
#### 3.1.2 Diffusional Model
For the ternary mixture, the values of the practical diffusion coefficients were the following:  
\[[D]=\left( \begin{array}{cc}D_{11}&D_{12}\\ D_{21}&D_{22}\end{array} \right)=\left( \begin{array}{cc}0.0195&-0.0017\\ 0.0535&0.0001\end{array} \right) \tag{22}\]  
The conditions that [PERSON] and [PERSON] described [52], which are shown in Equations (16)-(18), were met. The diffusion and convection coefficients and \(RSE\) values are shown in Table 6. Both values of \(K\) are also very low in the ternary mixture. The \(D_{\mathit{eff}}\) for PFK5 and HFO3E are calculated from Equation (13). They are lower than the \(D\) obtained for the binary mixtures, which states that the ternary mixture diffuses slower than the binary mixtures. The \(D_{\mathit{eff}}\) for HFO3E is higher than the \(D_{\mathit{eff}}\) for PFK5. That of HFO3E is closer to its estimated value than the one of PFK5. HFO3E diffuses slower and PFK5 diffuses faster than what was theoretically estimated. Overall, the model fitted better the experimental data of PFK5 than the data of HFO3E. The results are consistent with what is shown in Figure 5.  
The convection velocity of the binary mixtures is shown in Figure 6. The velocity is negative, as \(K\) is positive and the mixture with air has lower density than PFK5 or HFO3E. The convection phenomenon pushes down the heavy components of the mixtures. The most negative velocity values are found in line T, which is the highest line in the gas chamber and therefore the most affected by the high density of the components. The velocities are less negative as the height in which the measurement line is located decreases. Nonetheless, the convection velocity is so small that it is almost negligible. The convection velocity of T-10P/40H is shown in Figure 7. As the component PFK5 is the heaviest, its convection velocity is always negative, because any mixture between HFO3E and air will always have lower density than PFK5. The convection velocity of component HFO3E is positive in line B at the beginning of the experiment, which happens because the higher concentration of PFK5 pushes up HFO3E and the carrier gas. The molar flux of the binary mixtures is shown in Figure 8. All binary mixtures have a similar tendency. The molar flow is higher in line B, the one that presents the highest concentration values. The molar flow is almost zero in line T. The molar flow of lines MT and MB slightly increase at the beginning of the experiments. The molar flux of the ternary mixture can be observed in Figure 9. Both molar flux profiles share the same tendency, are very similar, and reach zero approximately at the same time. The lines that present higher molar flux are MT and MB, as they show the highest concentration gradients between all components. The molar flux of line B is the one that increased at the beginning of the mixing process, and line T is also almost zero. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Component** & \(D_{\mathit{eff},E}\) **\(\mathbf{*(m^{2}\ s^{-1})\cdot 10^{6}}\)** & \(D_{\mathit{eff}}\) **(m\({}^{2}\ s^{-1})\cdot 10^{6}\)** & \(K\) **(m\({}^{4}\) kg\({}^{-1}\ s^{-1})\cdot 10^{11}\)** & \(RSE\) **(\%)** \\ \hline PFK5 & 2.9 & 3.6 & 0.6 & 2.2 \\ HFO3E & 4.4 & 3.9 & 2.2 & 4.4 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}  
* Theoretically estimated using Equation (21).  
\end{table} 
Table 6: Diffusion (\(D_{\mathit{eff},E}\) and \(D_{\mathit{eff}}\)) and convective (\(K\)) coefficients and relative standard error (\(RSE\)) of the components of the ternary mixture after the optimization process in Scilab. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Mixture** & \(D_{E}\) **\(\mathbf{*(m^{2}\ s^{-1})\cdot 10^{6}}\)** & \(D\) **(m\({}^{2}\ s^{-1})\cdot 10^{6}\)** & \(K\) **(m\({}^{4}\) kg\({}^{-1}\ s^{-1})\cdot 10^{14}\)** & \(RSE\) **(\%)** \\ \hline B-10P & 5.4 & 5.2 & 3.1 & 3.8 \\ B-20P & 5.4 & 4.8 & 2. Figure 6: Variation of the estimated convection velocity (\(V\)) of the binary mixtures over time.