# _VivesDebate_: A New Annotated Multilingual Corpus of Argumentation in a Debate Tournament
## 3 Annotation Methodology
### Annotation of Argumentative Relationships between ADUs  
Once the ADUs are identified and segmented, the aim of the following task is to establish the argumentative relationships between ADUs and to annotate the type of relation held. We use the **RELATED_ID (REL_ID)** and **RELATION_TYPE (REL_TYPE)** tags for indicating these argumentative relationships. The REL_ID tag is used to indicate that an ADU2 holds an argumentative relationship with a previous ADU1 (18). The ID identifies the corresponding ADUs. It is worth noting that the relationships between ADUs almost always point to previous ADUs, following the logic of discourse, and that not all the ADUs have argumentative relations with other ADUs. There are cases in which several ADUs maintain a relationship with a single previous ADU, and all of them are indicated. An ADU may be related to more than one previous ADU, but the type of relationship with each of them is different. In these cases, we annotated the REL_ID and REL_TYPE for each different type of relationship generated from the same ADU. The annotation of the argumentative relations mainly occurs in the argumentation phase of the debate, but may also appear in the introduction phase. Next, we describe the three types of argumentative relationships--inference, conflict and reformulation--which represent different semantic relations between two propositions. These relationships are annotated with the REL_TYPE tag and the corresponding values are **RA** for inference, **CA** for conflict and **MA** for reformulation. The notation used for the argumentative relations has been adopted from the Inference Anchoring Theory (IAT) [26] paradigm in order to provide a coherent labelling with previous corpora. * Inference (RA) indicates that the meaning of an ADU can be inferred, entailed or deduced from a previous ADU (18). As already indicated, the direction of the inference almost always goes from one ADU to a previous ADU, but we have also found cases in which the direction is the opposite, that is, the inference goes from a previous ADU to a following one, although there are fewer cases (19). Therefore, inference is a meaning relation in which the direction of the relationship between ADUs is relevant, and this direction is represented by the REL_ID tag. (18a) [la gestacio subrogada es una practica patiracal]\({}_{ADU1}\) [ja que el major beneficiari d'aquesta practica es [home]\({}_{ADU2}\)REL_ID=REL_TYPE=RA(18b) [surrogacy is a Patriarchal practice]ADUI [since the main beneficiary of this practice is the man]ADUI [no tot progres scientific implica un progres social]ADUIRELID=2;REL_TYPE=RA [!energia nuclear es la mare de la bomba atomica]ADU2 [Els pesticides que multiplicaven les collites han estat prohibits per convertir el aliments en insalubres]ADU3 [not all scientific progress implies social progress]ADUIRELID=2;REL_TYPE=RA [nuclear energy is the mother of the atomic bomb]ADU2 [pesticides that multiplied crops have been banned for making food unhealthy]ADU3 In example (18), REL_TYPE=RA and REL_ID=1 indicate that ADU2 is an inference of ADU1, whereas in example (19) the REL_TYPE=RA and REL_ID=2;3 are annotated in ADU1 because it is an inference of ADU2 and ADU3, which appear in the original text below ADU1. * Conflict is the argumentative relationship assigned when two ADUs present contradictory information or when these ADUs contain conflicting or divergent arguments (20). We consider that two ADUs are contradictory 'if they are extremely unlikely to be considered true simultaneously' [27]. (20a) [vol tenir es dret a formar una familia]ADUI [former famlies no es un dret]ADU2 RELID=REL_TYPE=CA [she wants to have the right to form a family]ADUI1 [to form families is not a rightly]ADU2 RELID=1 REL_TYPE=CA
* Reformulation is the argumentative relationship in which two ADUs have approximately the same or a similar meaning, that is, an ADU reformulates or paraphrases the same discourse argument as that of another ADU (21).