# Syllable-, Bigram-, and Morphology-Driven Pseudoword Generation in Greek
## 5 Discussion and Conclusions  
This article highlighted the importance of pseudowords in (psycholinguistic studies and addressed the ongoing need for reliable and accessible pseudoword generation tools across various languages. We also presented conventional approaches to pseudoword construction, which often involve modifying real words by changing letters or phonological features. This strategy carries the risk of accidental recognition of base words. In contrast, modern techniques employ high-frequency bigrams or syllable deconstruction, often requiring a good understanding of a language's grammar. To address these challenges and the lack of an automatic pseudoword generation tool in Greek, we developed SyBig-r-Morph, an application that introduces several innovations that distinguish it from existing applications and software. SyBig-r-Morph constructs pseudowords syllable by syllable rather than using \(n\)-grams, creating more phonologically natural outputs. It also employs an internal syllabification system that can process wordlists of any size, from databases with hundreds of thousands to millions of entries. Crucially, the system organizes syllables into arrays based on their position within a word, ensuring that generated words display phonotactic patterns consistent with those observed in the selected category. For example, in Greek, the sequence \(\beta\delta\left[\
u\delta\right]\) never appears at the beginning of verbs; it only occurs in nouns. Likewise, \(\sigma\gamma\left[\
u\right]\) is exclusively found in adjectival bases. Building on this positional sensitivity, additional application features enable users to specify grammatical categories (nouns, verbs, etc. ), select specific word endings, and assign stress patterns to their generated pseudowords. This combination of category-specific phonotactics and user customization is particularly valuable for specialized linguistic tests and experimental tasks because it delivers words that adhere to the specific category's phonotactic restrictions. Moreover, SyBig-r-Morph automatically detects and filters out phonologically invalid letter/sound combinations by recognizing impermissible sequences in Greek, such as \(\kappa\gamma\chi\) [kyx], and excluding pseudowords containing such ill-formed combinations. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{l c c c c c} \hline \hline  & **BGtokfreq**Pho** & **BGtypfreq**Pho** & **nNeiPho** & **nNeiDITPho** & **PLD20** \\  & **0-1.260\({}^{\ast}\)** & **0-1.350** & **0-5** & **0-7** & **1.369–3.254** \\ \hline temi@ros & 1.119 & 1.307 & 0 & 0 & 2.850 \\ @usotos & 1.167 & 0.848 & 0 & 0 & 2.650 \\
**sivopos** & **1.536** & **1.481** & **0** & **0** & 2.350 \\ plemivos & 0.749 & 0.881 & 0 & 0 & 2.850 \\
**ciopos** & **1.410** & 1.138 & 0 & 0 & 2.450 \\
**travinos** & 1.203 & **1.456** & **0** & **0** & 2.800 \\ \hline umivos & 0.801 & 1.024 & 1 & 1 & 1.950 \\ vusetvos & 0.995 & 0.989 & 0 & 0 & 2.950 \\ vuksimos & 0.647 & 0.909 & 0 & 0 & 2.800 \\ @upetos & 0.524 & 0.593 & 0 & 0 & 2.900 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}  
* Even though the lower range is technically a negative number, we set it to zero. This is because bigram counts are log-transformed in the Num Tool, and the tool does not return negative values.  
\end{table} 
Table 4: Evaluation of trisyllabic pseudonouns in -os against established phonological parameters. Shaded rows indicate rejected words that fall outside acceptable parameter ranges. Further enhancing its versatility, the application employs a dual-lexicon approach, using separate lexicons for input during word formation and validation. In the current implementation, SyBig-r-Morph uses GreekLex2.1 for input and Clean (together with GreekLex2.1) to validate constructed forms, offering greater flexibility and precision in the creation and validation processes. Another significant advantage of SyBig-r-Morph is that, while it was initially developed for Greek, it can be easily modified to work with any language, provided the user has access to a syllabification tool and a lexicon for the target language.