# A Novel MPPT Based Reptile Search Algorithm for Photovoltaic System under Various Conditions
## 4 Results and Discussion
### Non Uniform Irradiance Condition  
The MPP tracking under non-uniform irradiance conditions, specifically partial shading, is known to be a challenging task due to the presence of multiple peaks in the I-V/P-V characteristic curves. The number of peaks depends on the number of shaded modules in the PV array. To comprehensively evaluate the global peak tracking capabilities of the proposed RSA algorithm, three different shading patterns were applied to the three PV arrays connected in series. The irradiance arrangements of these shading patterns are presented in Table 3, while their corresponding characteristic curves are displayed in Figure 2b. The simulation results of actual power accumulated by the PV system under PSC for case 1, case 2, and case 3 are shown in Figures 7-9, respectively. These results were obtained using the RSA, DOA, GWO, WOA, and PSO algorithms. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{l l l l l l l l l l l} \hline \hline  & & 0.4-0.55 & 0.7–0.9 & 0.91–1.2 & 1.5–1.7 & 1.9–2.1 & 2.105–2.3 & 2.305–2.5 & 2.505–2.7 & 2.75–3 & 3.2–4 \\ \hline \multirow{6}{*}{Test} & P\({}_{\text{actual}}\)(KW) & 100.37 & 24.374 & 70.028 & 29.42 & 90.28 & 70.028 & 44.625 & 90.28 & 100.37 & 80.171 \\ \cline{2-11}  & P\({}_{\text{PPP}}\)(KW) & 100.34 & 24.245 & 70.02 & 29.34 & 90.26 & 70.02 & 44.616 & 90.26 & 100.34 & 80.16 \\ \cline{2-11}  & Tr (s) & 0.415 & 0.725 & 0.96 & 1.52 & 1.925 & 2.14 & 2.16 & 2.56 & 2.765 & 3.21 \\ \cline{2-11}  & \(\eta\) (\%) & 99.97\% & 99.47\% & 99.99\% & 99.72\% & 99.98\% & 99.99\% & 99.98\% & 99.98\% & 99.97\% & 99.98\% \\ \cline{2-11}  & Oscillation & & & & \(\approx\)20 Watts & & & & & \\ \cline{2-11}  & P\({}_{\text{PPP}}\)(KW) & 100.2 & 23.81 & 69.84 & 28.93 & 90.12 & 69.84 & 44.33 & 90.12 & 100.18 & 79.98 \\ \cline{2-11}  & Tr (s) & 0.428 & 0.74 & 1.01 & 1.59 & 1.98 & 2.22 & 2.41 & 2.595 & 2.82 & 3.25 \\ \cline{2-11}  & \(\eta\) (\%) & 99.83\% & 97.68\% & 99.73\% & 98.33\% & 99.82\% & 99.73\% & 99.33\% & 99.82\% & 99.81\% & 99.76\% \\ \cline{2-11}  & Oscillation & & & & \(\approx\)60 Watts & & & & & & \\ \cline{2-11}  & P\({}_{\text{PPP}}\)(KW) & 98 & 22.15 & 68 & 27.25 & 88.2 & 68 & 42.75 & 88.2 & 98 & 78.2 \\ \cline{2-11}  & Tr (s) & 0.5 & 0.76 & 1.05 & 1.55 & 2 & 2.19 & 2.43 & 2.65 & 2.85 & 3.27 \\ \cline{2-11}  & Tr (s) & 0.7 & 97.64\% & 90.87\% & 97.10\% & 92.62\% & 97.69\% & 97.10\% & 95.80\% & 97.69\% & 97.64\% & 97.54\% \\ \cline{2-11}  & Oscillation & & & & \(\approx\)280 Watts & & & & & \\ \cline{2-11}  & P\({}_{\text{PPP}}\)(KW) & 99.7 & 23.38 & 69.5 & 28.55 & 89.68 & 69.45 & 43.95 & 89.75 & 99.75 & 79.68 \\ \cline{2-11}  & Tr (s) & 0.5 & 0.75 & 1.12 & 1.53 & 2.02 & 2.16 & 2.38 & 2.62 & 2.83 & 3.25 \\ \cline{2-11}  & Tr (s) & 0.7 & 99.33\% & 95.92\% & 99.24\% & 97.04\% & 99.33\% & 99.17\% & 98.49\% & 99.41\% & 99.38\% & 99.39\% \\ \cline{2-11}  & Oscillation & & & & & \(\approx\)100 Watts & & & & & \\ \hline \multirow{6}{*}{Test} & P\({}_{\text{PPP}}\)(KW) & 97.58 & 24.08 & 68.15 & 28.97 & 87.80 & 68.17 & 43.65 & 87.78 & 97.62 & 77.96 \\ \cline{2-11}  & Tr (s) & 0.44 & 0.75 & 0.975 & 1.53 & 1.95 & 2.155 & 2.57 & 2.73 & 2.975 & 3.23 \\ \cline{1-1}  & Tr (s) & 0.7 & 97.22\% & 98.79\% & 97.32\% & 98.47\% & 97.25\% & 97.34\% & 97.82\% & 97.23 & 97.26\% & 97.24\% \\ \cline{1-1} \cline{2-11}  & Oscillation & & & & & \(\approx\)80 Watts & & & & \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 2: Comparison of USI simulation results. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{l l l l l l l l} \hline \hline
**Partial Shading (T = 25 \({}^{\circ}\)C)** &
\begin{tabular}{l} **PV1** \\ **(w/m\({}^{2}\))** \\ \end{tabular} & **PV2 (w/m\({}^{2}\))** & **PV3 (w/m\({}^{2}\))** & **GMPP** \\ **(K Watts)** \\ \hline PSC Case1 & 700 & 300 & 300 & 31.37 KW \\ \hline PSC Case2 & 700 & 700 & 600 & 64.19 KW \\ \hline PSC Case 3 & 500 & 600 & 450 & 48.10 KW \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 3: Partial shading cases.