## 5 Conclusions  
In this article, a new metric called MTOVE was introduced to measure the overall effectiveness of the coal-hauling process. Availability, performance, and quality factors were considered based on the original OEE. Availability was divided into two categories: physical availability and use of availability. Performance subfactors including productivity and fuel performance were also modified by considering productivity and fuel usage as important factors in mining. Productivity in the hauling operation was measured, which reflects cycle time and hauling volume. Fuel performance indicates the fuel usage during transportation and reflects the efficiency of fuel consumption during transportation as compared to hauling volume and distance. Modification of transportation quality subfactors included transportation failure and coal losses during transportation. This reflected the condition in the hauling process. Failure due to accidents and truck breakdowns during the hauling process was measured as they reflect the quality of service. Transportation failure due to breakdown is the internal measurement process of the truck condition during the transportation process, and accidents reflect transportation safety. Coal losses were also included because they may happen during the transportation process and are important points from the mining owner's point of view. All these metrics represent the coal transportation process based on expert opinion through in-depth interviews and three rounds of the Delphi survey. Testing in actual coal transportation proved that MTOVE can be used to measure the overall effectiveness of coal transportation and to reveal operation losses, which leads to better decision making. The new metric of MTOVE was introduced through scientific studies that included mining experts, lecturers, and consultants. The new metric was proposed, calculated, and analyzed. MTOVE was tested and used for real hauling operations, data from different sources were collected, and this study was conducted in collaboration with researchers and practitioners. The implementation results suggested that MTOVE was able to measure the overall effectiveness of the hauling process, as indicated by the MTOVE score. MTOVE can  
Figure 9: MTOVE three-month period. be calculated on the shift, weekly, or monthly basis that represents the overall performance. MTOVE can also be used as a tool to guide the management team in investigating a problem by conducting an in-depth analysis of each factor that drags down the MTOVE score. The in-depth analysis will lead the management team to find losses and make specific improvements to achieve better performance. This study has shown that the OEE concept can be used in the mining transportation domain. The implementation results in the case study indicated that the lowest performance factors dragging down MTOVE value were use of availability and performance. Specifically, the performance rate was dragged down by low productivity. These indicated that losses impacting use of availability and productivity must be further analyzed and improved in order to improve MTOVE value. Further research can be undertaken on ways to improve the MTOVE value. The authors have proposed a new MTOVE metric and described its contribution to the existing literature as a methodology allowing companies to measure the overall effectiveness of the coal-hauling process after adapting it to the mining operation environment. This new parameter includes truck availability, use of availability, performance, productivity, fuel consumption, and quality of service as well as trip failure and coal losses as criteria in business decision making. The study's limitation is that it considered coal mining projects only. Testing in different mining projects such as gold mining, nickel, or other minerals is suggested and some details and factors that contribute to MTOVE effectiveness may not yet be included.