## 3 Results and Discussion
### Unsupervised PCA Data Analysis of C. sativus and L. Siceraria Primary Metabolites
& C\({}_{16}\)H\({}_{40}\)O\({}_{5}\)Si\({}_{4}\) & 0.06 \(\pm\) 0.03 & 0.01 \(\pm\) 0.01 \\  & & & & Azaelic acid, 2 TMS derivative & C\({}_{15}\)H\({}_{32}\)O\({}_{4}\)Si\({}_{2}\) & 0.26 \(\pm\) 0.16 & 0.34 \(\pm\) 0.13 \\ \cline{3-6}  & & & & **Total organic acids** & & **13.24 \(\pm\) 3.69** & **16.74 \(\pm\) 7.70** \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{45} & \multirow{3}{*}{25.62} & \multirow{3}{*}{2727} & \multicolumn{3}{c}{**Phenolic acids**} \\  & & & & **Phenolic acids** & & \\  & & & 3,5-Dimethovamandelic acid, di-TMS & C\({}_{16}\)H\({}_{28}\)O\({}_{5}\)Si\({}_{2}\) & 0.11 \(\pm\) 0.04 & 0.20 \(\pm\) 0.08 \\ \cline{3-6}  & & & & **Total phenolic acids** & & **0.11 \(\pm\) 0.04** & **0.20 \(\pm\) 0.08** \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{48} & \multirow{3}{*}{29.19} & \multirow{3}{*}{3180} & \multicolumn{3}{c}{**Sterols**} \\  & & & & Cholesterol, TMS derivative & C\({}_{30}\)H\({}_{54}\)OSi & 0.37 \(\pm\) 0.29 & 0.09 \(\pm\) 0.06 \\  & & & & Lanost-7-en-3-ol, 9, 11-epoxy-, acetate, & C\({}_{32}\)H\({}_{52}\)O\({}_{3}\) & 0.08 \(\pm\) 0.04 & 0.48 \(\pm\) 0.50 \\  & & & & **Total sterols** & & **0.45 \(\pm\) 0.33** & **0.57 \(\pm\) 0.57** \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{26} & \multirow{3}{*}{17.55} & \multirow{3}{*}{1842} & \multicolumn{3}{c}{**Sugars**} \\  & & & D-Fructopyranose, 5 TMS derivative & C\({}_{21}\)H\({}_{22}\)O\({}_{6}\)Si\({}_{5}\) & 9.72 \(\pm\) 2.30 & 4.71 \(\pm\) 2.82 \\  & & & D-Fructose, 5 TMS derivative & C\({}_{21}\)H\({}_{22}\)O\({}_{6}\)Si\({}_{5}\) & 13.84 \(\pm\) 1.53 & 5.59 \(\pm\) 5.52 \\  & & & Arabinofuranose, 4 TMS derivative & C\({}_{17}\)H\({}_{22}\)O\({}_{5}\)Si\({}_{4}\) & 0.88 \(\pm\) 0.24 & 0.90 \(\pm\) 0.50 \\  & & & 1-Deoxyglucose 4 TMS & C\({}_{18}\)H\({}_{44}\)O\({}_{5}\)Si\({}_{4}\) & 0.14 \(\pm\) 0.02 & 0.16 \(\pm\) 0.09 \\  & & & D-Mannose, 5 TMS derivative & C\({}_{21}\)H\({}_{25}\)O\({}_{6}\)Si\({}_{5}\) & 0.04 \(\pm\) 0.03 & 0.11 \(\pm\) 0.03 \\  & & & & D-Franctose, 5 TMS derivative isomer & C\({}_{21}\)H\({}_{25}\)O\({}_{6}\)Si\({}_{5}\) & 3.01 \(\pm\) 0.77 & 1.94 \(\pm\) 1.22 \\  & & & Galactopyranoside, STMS derivative & C\({}_{21}\)H\({}_{25}\)O\({}_{6}\)Si\({}_{5}\) & 14.24 \(\pm\) 2.05 & 7.58 \(\pm\) 5.59 \\  & & & \(\beta\)-D-Glucopyranane, STMS derivative & C\({}_{21}\)H\({}_{25}\)O\({}_{6}\)Si\({}_{5}\) & 19.36 \(\pm\) 2.45 & 11.36 \(\pm\) 8.18 \\  & & & & Sucrose, 8 TMS derivative & C\({}_{36}\)H\({}_{86}\)O\({}_{11}\)Si\({}_{8}\) & 1.55 \(\pm\) 0.28 & 0.16 \(\pm\)to ca. 27, 19, and 14%, respectively, to account for the mild sweet taste of _C. sativus_ (Table 2). The sugars in _L. scieraria_ were detected at half that in _C. sativus_ (_ca._ 33%), likewise represented by fructose, glucose, and galactose, though at lower levels than in _C. sativus_ at 8-11%. Both samples encompassed trace levels of sugar acids and sugar alcohols (Table 2). Myo-inositol was the major detected sugar alcohol detected at 1%, which is in agreement with what was previously published for cucumber fruits [53]. 12 Fatty acids/esters were identified in both fruit samples, i.e., cucumber and bottle gourd, amounting for ca. 15 and 36%, respectively (Table 2), mostly represented by saturated fatty acids detected at 13 and 29% in both fruit samples, respectively. The main identified fatty acids were palmitic, caprylic, and stearic acids (Table 2). At the cellular and tissue levels, palmitic acid performs a variety of important biological roles [54]. Caprylic acid is a medium-chain saturated fatty acid that exerts strong anti-atherosclerotic, anti-inflammatory, antifungal, and antibacterial effects [55; 56]. Only three unsaturated fatty acids were identified, i.e., linoleic acid, oleic acid, and \(\alpha\)-linolenic acid, amounting to 2 and 7% in cucumber and bottle gourd, respectively. 12 Organic acids were identified in both samples amounting to 13 and 17% in _C. sativus_ and _L. scieraria_, respectively. Glutamic, malic, hydroxy butanoic, and lactic acids were the major identified organic acids in both fruits (Table 2).