This is because the latter increases contact between plants and wastewater, which can harm both plants and humans in the environment. Considering this, we employed drip irrigation in our research. Wastewater may contain heavy metals and salts. Therefore, regular soil analyses in irrigated areas are necessary to prevent adverse effects on the soil. In addition, water analyses should be conducted to mitigate potential harm caused by wastewater [35]. Controlled application of wastewater, known to have various benefits, can minimize associated risks when used in irrigation [36]. A study confirmed that the levels of heavy metals in pepper and eggplant irrigated with effluent from a treatment plant were within permissible limits. This indicates that treated and untreated water sources can be used safely [37]. Reclaimed water typically contains higher concentrations of nutrients and microorganisms than tap water, which not only improves soil fertility and crop productivity but also increases the risk of pathogenic microorganism contamination. These results provide insights into the impacts of irrigation water quality on the complex compositions of endo-phytic microbial communities of peppers. Irrigation practices, such as mixing reclaimed water with conventional water sources and surface or subsurface drip irrigation, may alleviate the ecological risks of agricultural irrigation [38]. It is important to emphasize the necessity of determining the microbiological load content of wastewater and treated wastewater before utilization in vegetable cultivation. The consumption of vegetables whose roots, leaves, and fruits were irrigated with wastewater or treated wastewater may result in the transmission of bacteria such as _E. coli_, _Salmonella_, total coliform and _Listeria monocytogenes_ to humans, which may subsequently lead to the development of health complications. Consequently, it is imperative to conduct microbial load analyses on vegetables irrigated with wastewater and treated wastewater [39]. According to [PERSON] et al. [40], supplying water to raw vegetables through subsurface, furrow, or drip irrigation systems can effectively reduce the risks associated with production, post-harvest washing, disinfection, and food preparation. Around three quarters of the world's clean water resources are used in agriculture. Climate change is decreasing water resources and quality while increasing water demand. Therefore, it is crucial to implement appropriate strategies for reusing wastewater, particularly urban wastewater, to ensure the sustainability of water resources [41]. With the increasing consumption of freshwater resources, surface water pollution, water scarcity, and environmental degradation, the availability and utilization of unconventional water sources have begun to attract considerable attention. Reclaimed water has been widely used as an alternative water source for agricultural irrigation. However, exposure to reclaimed water may cause potential health hazards via skin contact, inhalation, or ingestion during conventional farming practices [42]. Although there are scientific studies on the effects of wastewater irrigation on human, soil, and plant health, there are very few studies on the differences that may occur in the aroma and phenolic compounds of fruits and vegetables irrigated with wastewater, which are important factors in consumer preferences. The absence of comprehensive studies examining the effects of wastewater irrigation on heavy metals, aromatic compounds, and chemical properties in peppers underscores the significance of our research. Furthermore, our objective is to ascertain the potential impact of heavy metals in wastewater on capia peppers, a fruit vegetable, and determine whether their levels are within permissible limits. This study aims to investigate the effect of using wastewater as irrigation water, especially on the aromatic compounds in capia pepper, which is known for its rich aroma components and used in a wide variety of food products.