## 2 Related Work  
The authors in [6] used a semicircular breast with a length of 7.2 cm from the nipple to the central breast, with the skin, fatty tissue, muscle fat, glands layer, and muscle with the thoracic wall measured at 1.5 cm, 3.5 cm, 5 cm, and 7.2 cm from the nipple, respectively. The Crank Nicolson method was used to obtain the required nodal temperatures. The results indicated that body temperature rises by 1.42 \({}^{\circ}\)C, 0.35 \({}^{\circ}\)C, and 0.15 \({}^{\circ}\)C more than the healthy cell of the breast, when tumors are placed deep at 1.5 cm, 2.5 cm, and 3 cm below the nipple, respectively. According to the temperature profile, the breast skin surface temperature rises when the tumor is located closer to the surface of the skin and declines when it is located deep in the breast. Studies conducted by [7] used a mannequin's breast with a length of 80 cm, a chest measurement of 83.8 cm, and a waist measurement of 63.5 cm. Fluke Ti29 thermographic cameras were used to observe the different temperatures of silicone breasts. Moreover, tumors were used in the silicon breast with different sizes of 0.75 cm, 1.11 cm, and 1.5 cm, respectively. In addition, the thermophysical properties of the breast were analyzed, such as skin surface temperature, tumor, and bioheat by using the Pennes equation. The results show that the tumor within the breast produces various temperatures based on analytical results, such as the tumor position, breast shape, and size. In [8], researchers used a strong table with a small hole (size 22.86 cm) for breast imaging where the patient lies on the table. First, a clinical procedure is required for the patient, such as undressing, lying on the imaging table for 10 min with one breast placed in the hole, and replicating the procedure on the other breast. Then, thermal images were taken within 1.5 and 2 min for each breast. Finally, [PERSON] bioheat equation and ANSYS software were utilized to study thermophysical properties and numerical simulation of temperature variation on the breast skin surface and tumor. The screening method is quick, precise, and has proven to be a useful complement in breast cancer detection, especially for dense-tissue breasts. The study in [9] included 26 patients who had tumors. In addition, agel bag at 4 to 8 degrees was used in the breast area for 2 min and thermal images were taken for each patient. Then, the breast skin surface was examined for at least 2 min to look for a thermal recovery response. Thermal images were evaluated using SmartViewTM Desktop Software application v4.3. The results were analyzed using SPSS software. Finally, sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive scores were calculated for each thermal imaging, and a \(p\) value less than 0.05 was considered as statistically significant. The results illustrate that the sensitivity and false-negative rates were 83% and 16%, respectively. Thermal imaging was utilized in [10] as a non-radiative technique for measuring thermophysical properties in normal female breasts in China. Additionally, 35 patients who had sequential IRTI and mammography (without those who have positive results on clinical examination or mammography) were assessed, and each breast was analyzed as a separate instance. Moreover, the warmth of the breasts was recorded in the upper outer quadrant (Q1), lower outer quadrant (Q2), lower inner quadrant (Q3), higher inner quadrant (Q4), center region (CR), and breast region (BR). Analytical statistics SPSS 16.0 was used to conduct statistical analysis. Additionally, average and standard deviation were utilized to express the measurement data. The BMI, breast gland, and skin temperature were analyzed using descriptive statistical analysis and \(t\)-tests. In addition, BMI, mucosal tissue types, and skin temperature were calculated using Spearman correlation analysis. The results showed that normal women's breast temperatures were equal and had similar average temperatures on both sides.