## 8 Conclusions  
Below is an insightful review of the latest theoretical advancements in GR's fundamental properties and potential applications. GR is a remarkably strong material with impressive strain capabilities, making it an incredibly sturdy substance. Depending on how sp and sp\({}^{2}\) carbon atoms are arranged, GR can be displayed as semiconductors or semimetals with Dirac cones, presenting highly adjustable band structures that can be manipulated through structural engineering, strain, doping, and electric field techniques. GR's high intrinsic carrier mobility and rich quantum and spin transport properties make it an excellent option for numerous nanoelectronic devices. Although GR experiences lower thermal conductivity than graphene due to vibrational mismatches between atoms in hexagonal rings and acetylenic linkages, it delivers superior thermoelectric performance with a high figure of merit.  
Until now, few methods have been developed for synthesizing \(\gamma\)-graphyne, and the developed methods have some limitations, such as complex methods, expense, time consumption, low yield, etc. [8, 9]. Thus, there is still a need to create more straightforward and economical processes for producing \(\gamma\)-graphyne in large quantities. Theoretical calculations suggest various applications for GR, including transistors, metal hybrid supercapacitors, water desalination and purification, battery anode materials, and hydrogen storage. Although there are a few challenges, such as the need for experimental validation of theoretical predictions, the development of scalable synthesis techniques, and the exploration of GR's properties in heterostructures and composites, there is no denying that GR boasts vast potential. It is crucial to maintain continued collaboration between experimentalists and theorists to expedite GR research and realize its potential applications in electronics, catalysis, and energy.  
**Author Contributions:** Conceptualization, Methodology, Writing--Original Draft, Software, Data Curation, Resources, Funding Acquisition, M.D.A.; Writing--Review and Editing, Validation, Formal Analysis, Funding Acquisition, Supervision, A.S.; Conceptualization, Writing--Original Draft, Funding Acquisition, Resources, Data Curation, T.K.D.; Conceptualization, Writing--Review & Editing, Resources, Data Curation, Funding Acquisition, M.J. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.  
**Funding:** M.D.A., A.S., T.K.D. and M.J., express gratitude to the Silesian University of Technology for granting the resources and financial backing essential for conducting research at the Division of Solid State Physics, Institute of Physics--Centre for Science and Education (BK-208/RIF1/2025). This investigation receives partial funding from the Silesian University of Technology (Gliwice, Poland) and the Rector's Pro-Quality Grant Program: 14/010/RGJ24/0015 (T.K.D.), and 14/010/RGJ25/0019 (M.J.). This research is also partially funded by Excellence Initiative--Research University (IDUB) program for the Silesian University of Technology (Gliwice, Poland) 14/010/SDU/10-4-01 (T.K.D., M.J. and M.D.A.). This research is also partially funded by Excellence Initiative--Research University (IDUB) program for the Silesian University of Technology (Gliwice, Poland) 32/014/SDU/10-27-26 (M.D.A.).  
**Data Availability Statement:** Data will be made available upon request.  
**Acknowledgments:** M.D.A., A.S., T.K.D. and M.J. gratefully acknowledge the Silesian University of Technology for providing the necessary resources and financial support that enabled their research at the Division of Solid State Physics, Institute of Physics--Centre for Science and Education.  
**Conflicts of Interest:** The authors declare no conflicts of interest.