# A Mobile Solution for Enhancing Tourist Safety in Warm and Humid Destinations
## 3 Research Method
### Tourism Safety System Design Method
#### 3.2.1 Data Collected from Tourist Attractions  
The site visits were conducted for systematic observation of tourist behavior and safety practices. Trained observers were strategically stationed at different points within the attractions to identify safety risks and assess the effectiveness of existing safety measures. Additionally, interviews with attraction staff provided valuable insights into safety concerns and encountered incidents. A checklist, adapted from reputable sources such as Castleberry [58], [PERSON] (n.d.) [59], Virginia Tech [60], and the World Health Organization [61], was utilized to assess the presence of safety-supporting tools, activities, and locations in the observed attractions (Figure 2). Through a combination of observational methods and interviews, our study offers valuable insights into safety practices at tourist  
Figure 1: Framework of the tourism safety system. The system incorporates three distinct input datasets from various sources. These sources encompass internet-based data, such as weather and environmental conditions, data obtained from a custom-designed application linked to tourists’ smartwatches, and data directly collected from tourist attractions. These datasets serve as the foundation for facilitating communication between tourists and emergency service providers in the relevant areas. The research methodology consists of two main components: data collection and the design of the tourist safety system. The data collection phase is further divided into three segments, involving the collection of data from tourist attractions, internet sources, and tourists themselves through dedicated applications and smartwatches.  
attractions, highlighting areas for improvement in the implementation of tourist safety protection systems.  
Table 1 was the checklist utilized in this research summarizes and adapts information on tools, locations, and activities from reputable sources like Castleberry [58], Stanley (n.d.) [59], Virginia Tech [60], and the World Health Organization [61]. These references provide practical recommendations for maintaining proper hydration during outdoor activities and extreme weather conditions. For example, the Stanley 1913 website offers a comprehensive guide on staying hydrated during outdoor adventures, and the World Health Organization website provides advice on staying cool and protecting oneself from direct sunlight during heatwaves. SheKnows offers tips on preventing travel dehydration, and Newswise provides outdoor safety tips emphasizing the importance of staying hydrated. These resources contribute to practical recommendations for maintaining proper hydration and preventing dehydration-related issues during outdoor activities.  
Figure 2: Example of the tourist attractions used in the research.  
Ensuring tourist safety and protecting against heat-related illnesses necessitates the provision of accessible and complimentary drinking water points at tourist attractions. Alongside this, shaded rest areas such as pavilions, umbrellas, or natural tree cover should be made readily available. Cooling stations should also be implemented, including misting fans, air-conditioned zones, or shaded areas with fans. It is crucial for attraction managers to prioritize staff education and preparedness for emergencies, monitor weather conditions closely, and offer information on local health services. Particular emphasis should be placed on safeguarding vulnerable populations, including the elderly, children, pregnant women, and individuals with pre-existing health conditions, by offering customized accommodation and support. Maintaining and ensuring the cleanliness of facilities is of utmost importance to uphold the well-being and safety of visitors, especially in hot weather conditions. By implementing these measures, tourist attractions can enhance the safety and comfort of all visitors, fostering a secure and enjoyable experience.