## 1 Introduction  
Traumatic injuries affect patients' quality of life and pose challenges for healthcare and biomedical research [1]. These conditions often lead to chronic pain, reduced mobility, and long-term physical limitations, while also placing a substantial burden on healthcare systems. The aging population in some regions and the growing demographics in others have contributed to an increased prevalence of bone-related disorders, highlighting the rising demand for bone implants [2].  
Synthetic bioceramic calcium phosphate (CP) materials are sought for their biodegradability and their potential to promote bone tissue growth (osteogenesis) [3]. Traditionally, CP materials are synthesized at elevated temperatures, which often results in high crystallinity that can limit their biological performance [4]. Moreover, certain bioceramics, such as magnesium whitlockite (Mg-WH, Ca\({}_{18}\)Mg\({}_{2}\)(HPO\({}_{4}\))\({}_{2}\)(PO\({}_{4}\))\({}_{12}\)), degrade under such high-temperature conditions, limiting their applicability [5; 6]. To address these challenges, dissolution-precipitation synthesis has gained prominence [7]. This method enables the fabrication of CP materials at lower temperatures, ensuring better control over crystallinity while preserving the desired shape of the precursor material [8]. Crucially, this approach enables the production of granules, which are directly suitable for bone grafting procedures. Although dissolution-precipitation synthesis holds promise for producing CP materials with favorable properties for biomedical use, further biological validation is required to confirm their clinical potential [9; 10].  
Recent studies have highlighted the potential advances of synthetic Mg-WH in bone regeneration, suggesting it may offer improved osteoinductive properties to widely used hydroxyapatite [11; 12]. Mg-WH is reported to exhibit greater stability in acidic environments created by osteoclast activity, potentially supporting bone remodeling processes. In preclinical studies, Mg-WH granules have shown promising results in promoting bone formation without causing inflammatory responses [13; 14]. Furthermore, there are indications that Mg-WH may have additional beneficial properties, such as anti-inflammatory activity and potential anticancer effects, as reported by [PERSON] et al. [15]. Recent advancements in the processing of transparent materials, including ultrafast laser welding techniques, have further demonstrated the importance of controlled surface morphology and precise material engineering to achieve high-performance functionalities in complex environments [16].  
It is well recognized that the morphology and structural characteristics of CP materials critically influence their in vivo performance, including osseointegration, resorption behavior, and bone tissue regeneration efficiency [17]. Surface area, porosity, crystallinity, and grain size are key parameters that affect these outcomes. For example, [PERSON] et al. demonstrated that variations in the physical properties of \(\beta\)-TCP-based bone substitutes can significantly influence both the inflammatory response and tissue integration [18]. Thus, optimizing the morphology of CP granules is essential to enhance their potential functionality in bone repair [19].  
In this study, we focus on the controlled synthesis and detailed physicochemical characterization of Mg-WH granules produced via a dissolution-precipitation method. The aim was to systematically explore how variations in precursor, reaction solution compositions, and reaction time influence the phase evolution, morphology, and surface properties of the synthesized granules. While these characteristics are relevant to potential bone regeneration applications, this work does not include biological assessments, and the biomedical suitability of the materials remains a prospective direction for future re-search.