# Numerical Analysis of Human Cancer Therapy Using Microwave Ablation
## 1 Introduction  
Cancer tumors in the liver, breast, kidney, bone, lung, and other organs are the largest causes of death in the world. Furthermore, thinking about cancer remains scary. Annually, over 411,000 deaths result from breast cancer [1]. Lung cancer is one of the leading causes of death in the United States, accounting for more than 160,000 deaths per year [2]. In addition, liver cancer is one of the most significant health issues leading to death worldwide [3]. Each year, more than a million deaths of people result from this disease. Skin cancer is one of the most common cancer types in Saudi Arabia. It accounted for 3.2% of all treated cancer cases in 2010 [4]. Techniques of cancer treatment areundergoing continuous development and are still a current research topic for scientific researchers as well as for doctors working on the clinical detection and treatment of diseases. In recent years, there has been a great amount of attention paid to the development of cancer treatment methods. Furthermore, many techniques are widely used for saving patients. However, new techniques are also welcomed, since they may bring particular contributions and added value to available techniques. Hyperthermia is a cancer treatment that takes advantage of the heating of tumor cells in the body at a definite level. Indeed, raising the temperature of tumor cells causes lesions of the cell membrane which leads to destruction of the cancer cells [5; 6]. Research on hyperthermia as an anti-cancer treatment has been in place for many years. Nowadays, hyperthermia is utilized as a complement to radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Cancer treatment using hyperthermia necessitates the generation of an adequately controlled amount of heat inside the cancerous tumor. If it is exposed to a temperature of approximately 52 \({}^{\circ}\)C for one hour, the cancer tissue can be damaged [7; 8; 9; 10; 11]. The amount of dissipated heat should be used prudently. However, if a large amount of heat is administrated, the skin or other healthy tissue could be destroyed. A versatile clinical hyperthermia system is adapted to microwaves for cancer treatment inside the body. The energy radiated by a microwave is an effective way to heat the tumor. Indeed, since the tissue is an electrically conductive material, a part of this radiated energy is dissipated inside the tissue and leads to the increase of its temperature. In addition, microwaves can be provided to the tissue by specific antennas situated close to or inserted into the tissue to be treated. According to the size of the tumor and the location in the body, one or more microwave antennas can be used to treat the tumor. When a microwave antenna is activated, the tissues which have water content and which are exposed to large amounts of microwave energy heat up. An adequate calibration of the microwave energy can heat the tumor and protect healthy tissues. Cancer treatment techniques have been extended during the past several years because the killing of cancer tumors is difficult to achieve with surgery. The ablative treatment family includes microwave ablation (MWA), radiofrequency ablation (RFA), ethanol ablation, laser ablation, and cryoablation [12; 13; 14; 15; 16; 17]. Recently, a wide number of experimental and theoretical works have been focused on improving MWA [18; 19; 20; 21; 22; 23; 24; 25; 26; 27]. [PERSON] et al. (2017) have studied, in their numerical and experimental research, the performance of a tri-slot antenna, and have compared it with a single slot antenna with an operating frequency of 433 MHz [22]. They demonstrated that the tri-slot antenna which had a frequency of 433 MHz created a gourd-shaped MWA area with a longer length. [PERSON] et al. (2015) have presented a comparative study between the differences in microwave ablation at 915 MHz and 2.45 GHz, with a power of 30 W used at the antenna input [21]. Their results indicated that a greater ablation zone is created when using a coaxial antenna with a single slot at 2.45 GHz. However, the models used by [PERSON] et al.