## 4 Discussion
In our study, saprobe fungi produced fewer secreted CAZy enzymes than endophytes and plant pathogens. According to [PERSON] et al. [107], saprobe fungi are expected to only degrade plant litter complex polysaccharides from dead material, without having to interact with the plant's living cell defenses, and, due to this, they typically require a narrower range of enzymes. In contrast, endophytes and pathogens interact directly with living plant tissue, requiring a broader array of enzymes not only to break down living plant tissue but also evade or suppress plant immune responses and successfully infect their hosts. These interactions demand more specialized enzymatic functions, such as those that degrade pectin, hemicellulose, and other plant cell wall components under varying physiological conditions, so as to successfully establish mutualistic relationships with their hosts [108; 109; 110; 88]. CAZy enzymes, when secreted, perform several functions beyond the degradation of plant cell walls. They also play roles in promoting attachment, invasion, colonization, and nutrient acquisition from hosts, which is why numerous studies suggest that endophytes and plant pathogens can produce the same leaf-degrading enzymes as closely related saprobe fungi [106; 111; 112; 113; 114; 115; 116]. Pathogens and endophytes must overcome various layers of plant protection to successfully infect the plant [117; 118]. The first immunological response of the plant is through receptor-like kinases that can detect pathogen-associated molecular patterns called microbe-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs), which activate the MAMP-triggered immunity or pathogen-triggered immunity, which is effective against a wide range of microorganisms [119; 120; 121; 122]. However, microorganisms can bypass this mechanism by producing effector proteins that alter the cellular processes in the host, leading to effector-triggered susceptibility [123; 124; 125; 126]. In addition, the plant has a second layer of receptors called resistant proteins or R proteins, which also recognize patterns in effector proteins in the host, generating a resistance response that promotes the death of infected cells containing the infection [120; 127; 128; 129; 130; 131]. Hence, effector proteins have distinct properties enabling them to act in the host extracellular space (apoplast) and intracellular space (cytoplasm) during infection. Cytoplasmic effectors have a larger proportion of positively charged amino acids, whereas apoplastic effectors are enriched in cysteine residues [79]. Therefore, fungi with frequent interactions with the plant are expected to possess a large number of effector genes to effectively counteract the plant's immune system. However, the cell defense system is not the only obstacle to the survival and adaptation of fungi. The environmental conditions play a major role in protein synthesis, sporulation, and the diversity of their communities. Currently, the world is undergoing significant and rapid climate change caused by human activities, also referred to as global warming. Thishas resulted in a rise in temperatures, which are presently approximately 1.5 \({}^{\circ}\)C higher than they were during the pre-industrial period [132]. This even raises concerns about the adaptation of fungal species with pathogenic capabilities, such as those that infect plants, since an increase in plant diseases in crops is expected under projected climate change scenarios [132; 133; 134]. In our study, the pathogenic fungi from the _Nectriaceae_ family had more secreted enzymes adapted to higher temperatures than endophytes and saprobes, which indicates their higher potential to adapt to global warming situations. The potential for growth and infection is observed in many of the most economically important plant pathogens from the _Nectriaceae_ family, belonging to the genera _Neonectria_ and _Fusarium_[135; 136; 137; 138; 139; 140; 141].