esa-sceva/satcom-chunk-collection huggingface dataset:
# Phlogopite-Forming Reactions as Indicators of Metasomatism in the Lithospheric Mantle
## 3 Phlogopite-Forming Reactions in the Upper-Mantle Rocks
### Relation of Phlogopite with Other Potassic Phases in the Metasomatized Upper-Mantle Rocks
This means that the crystallization of K-titanates together with phlogopite is determined exclusively by the K activity of a fluid, which  
Figure 5: Phlogopite coexisting with mathasite and priderite in the run products of interaction of Cr-bearing spinel and rutile with the fluid H\({}_{2}\)O-CO\({}_{2}\)-K\({}_{2}\)CO\({}_{3}\) at 5 GPa [98]. Ma—mathiasite, Pri—priderite, all other mineral abbreviations are from [48]. corresponds to the highest degrees of metasomatism. Such conditions can be created either with a continuous interaction of ultrapotassic fluids/melts with rocks or during a multi-stage process with an increasing effect. For example, two-stage metasomatic process is described by [PERSON] et al. [96] in the spinel harzburgites from kimberlites of South Africa. The first stage of metasomatic transformation results in the formation of phlogopite, K-amphibole, titaniawies phase (rutile and srilankite) and mathiasite. The subsequent stage of metasomatism is manifested by the decomposition of these minerals to form new generations of phlogopite, clinopyroxene, olivine, various rare Ti and Zr-bearing minerals, as well as replacement of mathiasite with Cr-rich priderite. The authors believe that the second stage of metasomatism was due to the interaction of rocks with ultra-alkaline fluids/melts with low silica activity [96], which is typical for alkaline carbonate melts. Reactions of phlogopite with relic Cr-rich spinel can form K-bearing titanates at the advanced stage of metasomatic processes (e.g., [99]). However, such reactions have never been modeled experimentally. Interaction of K-rich (and Cl-bearing) fluid/melts or percolating kimberlite melts with mantle rocks containing primary Fe-Cu-Ni sulfides results in formation of K-bearing sulfides, among which jerfisherite, K\({}_{6}\)(Fe,Ni,Cu)\({}_{25}\)S\({}_{26}\)Cl (see review and references in [100]) is the most common mineral. Djerfisherite typically occurs both as replacement rims on pre-existing pyrrhotite, pentlandite or chalcopyrite and as individual interstitial grains in mantle xenoliths. Its P-T stability at mantle conditions is extremely poorly constrained (e.g., [101]). However, it is evident that the jerfisherite stability is highly dependent on a presence of a K-chloride component, which affects water activity and, thus, determines formation of coexisting phlogopite. In fact, in mantle xenoliths, jerfisherite occurs both in association with phlogopite and without phlogopite [100]. No textures indicating reaction relationships between jerfisherite and phlogopite were reported from xenoliths.
## 4 Discussion
### Decision Accuracy and Reaction Time in JudgED  
As there were no notable distinctions between both tests regarding decision accuracy and reaction time metrics, hypothesis 1 can be accepted and the first research question answered. The overall findings indicated a mean decision accuracy of 43.011% and a mean reaction time of 1.022 s. However, the low decision accuracy can be partially attributed to the remarkably high error rate observed when assessing penalties (i.e., warnings or exits). Only 4.475% of all penalty decisions were JudgED correctly. By excluding these decisions from the dataset, the overall decision accuracy would increase from 43.011% to 49.626%. Despite the significant interrater reliability, which leads to the acceptance of hypothesis 2, the accordance can be described as somewhere between fair and low. While there exists limited directly analogous literature, the observed outcome of approximately 80% favorable outcomes (indicating erroneous referee decisions) in video reviews within the context of Judo matches suggests a parallel trend [49]. Research in different sports, such as football, however, show a decision accuracy of about 70% [50].  
A significant disparity emerged between referees in the Tatami and Ring disciplines after further analysis of decision accuracy. Tatami referees achieved a decision accuracy of 50.460%, whereas Ring referees achieved a lower decision accuracy of 30.596%. This difference can be attributed to the higher average difficulty level of video scenes in the Ring disciplines (3.1) compared to the Tatami disciplines (2.6) and the high number of penalties, which are clearly visible in slow motion, but less so at normal speed. Additionally, video scenes in Ring disciplines contained numerous closely spaced decisions, which are believed to be more challenging to judge. On average, video scenes in the Ring disciplines contained 12.375 decisions, while those in the Tatami disciplines had an average of only 2.288 decisions.  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c} \hline \hline  & **Kappa** & \(\mathbf{p}\) & **n** \\ \hline Round & 0.114 & \textless{}0.001 & 2400 \\ Fight & 0.063 & \textless{}0.001 & 800 \\ Outcome & 0.166 & \textless{}0.001 & 400 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}
Table 4: [PERSON] kappa analysis for interrater reliability analysis in continuous disciplines at WAKO World Championships, indicating significant low decision reliability.  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c} \hline \hline  & **PF** & **LC** & **FC** & **LK** & **KI** \\ \hline Maximum & 67.2\% & 32.8\% & 21.2\% & 25.0\% & 54.0\% \\ Average & 52.8\% & 24.3\% & 18.3\% & 20.0\% & 44.1\% \\ Minimum & 33.3\% & 15.3\% & 15.6\% & 15.3\% & 32.3\% \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}
Table 3: Binominal Distribution: Probability Analysis for a correct decision of each combination of 3 judges.
###### Abstract  
The increasing complexity of conventional energy distribution systems, combined with the growing demand for efficient data processing, has necessitated the implementation of smart grid technologies and the integration of advanced computing paradigms such as edge computing. Traditional cloud-based solutions face significant challenges, including high latency, limited bandwidth, and cybersecurity vulnerabilities, rendering them less effective for real-time smart grid applications. Edge computing enables localized data processing, which significantly reduces latency and optimizes bandwidth usage. These capabilities enhance the resilience and intelligence of modern energy systems. This paper presents a systematic review of edge computing in energy distribution systems, examining its architectures, methodologies, and real-world applications. Key application areas consist of real-time data transmission, smart metering, microgrid management, anomaly and fault detection, state estimation, and energy management. The analysis shows how edge computing improves secure communication, supports decentralized intelligence, and facilitates scalable energy optimization. Beyond these advantages, the review also identifies critical challenges such as interoperability issues, resource constraints, and security vulnerabilities. By categorizing edge computing applications, the findings provide a comprehensive reference for both researchers and industry professionals working on the development of next-generation energy management systems.  
edge computing; fog computing; cloud computing; smart grid; power system application
## 4 Resource Management in Heterogeneous Network (RM HetNet)
### Spectrum Allocation (SA)
#### 4.4.1 Traditional Band
The characteristics include MC channels with the active primary transmission, macro channels with the primary user absent, and SC channels with limited use when the SC transmission is pending and a higher price than the macro channels. In the subsequent stage, a repeated modified English auction, these BSs gain access to the available primary spectrum on behalf of its UA. In order to match secondary users with a number of randomly distributed small base stations, a matching game that is many-to-one college admissions is utilized. As demonstrated by the research results, both a stable matching point for a Walrasian equilibrium point and the users' admission game of the repeated auctions are effective. Furthermore, comprehensive simulations are performed to evaluate the proposed repeated auction compared to the matching theory and the single auction. However, the system energy efficiency of the proposed scheme is not considered. In [132], the authors evaluated the energy minimization queue-aware challenge offloading, and SA issue for air-ground integrated clustered-NOMA HetNets. They utilized Lyapunov optimization to convert the origin problem to three sub-problems: assignment splitting and local computational SA for the users, frequency reusing and offloading optimization, and edge SA for BS. Accordingly, they developed assignment splitting and local computational SA algorithm, energy minimization frequency reusing algorithm, and energy minimization greedy-based edge SA algorithm to solve the three subproblems sequentially. In addition, they investigated the optimality, convergence, and complexity of the approach. The results of the simulation show that the proposed scheme is capable of achieving outstanding overall performance with low complexity of power control, SE, queuing delay, and task backlog. Nevertheless, user mobility and imperfect CSI need to be considered.
###### Abstract
In this paper, a method for shipboard data compression based on variable-record-length encoding is proposed. The proposed technique utilizes a six-bit differential binary encoding of the shipboard data collected by different systems and navigation devices. In order to verify the efficiency of the proposed method and test it under real-life conditions, we applied it to the actual data collected on board the training ship equipped with state-of-the-art electronic systems. The obtained results show that the proposed method significantly reduces the size of the initially transmitted data, thus reducing the required data transmission rate and the demands on the maritime communications systems. Moreover, the proposed encoding technique shows superior performance compared to several tested data encoding techniques of similar complexity. Therefore, the results presented in this  
Figure 1: Digital ship concept. paper indicate that the proposed straightforward data encoding method can be efficiently implemented in the ship communication system, thus enabling the future application of remote voyage monitoring of autonomous ships. The rest of this paper is organized as follows. Section 2 gives a brief overview of maritime communications systems, emphasizing AIS and the corresponding data transmission protocol as an example of an existing application of data encoding technique in today's maritime communications. The conducted experimental shipboard data acquisition and the proposed data compression method are described in Section 3. Next, the obtained results are presented and discussed in Section 4. Finally, conclusions are summarized in Section 5.
## 4 Platform Evaluation and KPIs Analysis
### Platform Evaluation
Moreover, the standardization of the QualiChain solution was facilitated from the start of the project when the decision to develop QualiChain to be blockchain-agnostic was taken. This practically means that QualiChain can be integrated in any other system without such considerations. Concerning the platform's scalability, there were no bottlenecks observed during testing, given that the blockchain is used only for verification purposes. This means that the underlying processes of the platform are scalable regardless of the number of verification requests. The same is true for the data analytics components of the platform that deal only with textual data that do not pose significant load to the system. As an example, during the piloting of QualiChain to students, around 1400 course suggestions took place and the average time/course suggestion was measured as 0.236 s. Finally, the cost-effectiveness of the QualiChain platform can be proven when compared to the current manual processes for qualification verification. In the As-Is situation, the verification of a university certificate (e.g., a degree) requires time from the university's secretariat (which can be up to a week) as well as a small expenditure by the student requesting the service. However, in the tests performed by one of the other pilots of QualiChain [42], 100 certificates were verified in QualiChain. The results of the tests showed that the cost for verification is 0 ETH, and the latency is around 1.3 s, which is orders of magnitude better than the current situation.
# Implementation of a Blood Cold Chain System Using Blockchain Technology
## 3 Design of Blood Cold Chain System
### New Blood Cold Chain System Based on Blockchain Technology  
#### 3.2.1 Scenarios of New Blood Cold Chain System  
The system is divided into two scenarios. Both concern situations in which donated blood is used for transfusion. The general situation is that the blood bank of the Korea Red Cross Blood Management Headquarters produces blood for transfusion, sends blood to the test center for safety, and then supplies the blood at the request of hospitals. Under general conditions, hospitals assume that they cannot order blood from a blood bank other than the designated one.  
On the other hand, in the case of an emergency, the blood supply request is made according to the new method proposed in this paper. If a specific hospital needs a blood supply within 60 min due to a lack of stock, blood is ordered and received from nearby hospitals if certain conditions are met. In this case, the consensus process prevents false requests in advance and maintains the system so that only transactions that meet the conditions can occur.
# A Design for a Wide-Band Antenna Pair Applied for Mobile Terminals at the Sub-6 GHz Band
## 5 Conclusions  
In this article, an antenna pair for application in mobile terminals is designed. The proposed \(23\times 6\) mm\({}^{2}\) antenna pair in the \(75\times 35\) mm\({}^{2}\) ground plane can realize \(54\%\) (\(3.3\) GHz-\(5.9\) GHz) of bandwidth with \(-6\) dB impedance matching which the N77/N78/N79/WLAN 5G bands of 5G communication terminals can be covered. With the action of a hybrid strip DGS, the inevitable mutual coupling effect in the antenna pair can be effectively solved  
Figure 14: Calculated diversity gain.  
Figure 15: Simulation results of the proposed MIMO system in the handheld position. (**a**) Antenna model in the right hand. (**b**) Total efficiency. (**c**) Reflection coefficients. (**d**) Transmission coefficients.  
and the isolation is lower than \(-13\) dB in the whole working band. In the constituted eight-port MIMO system with a \(150\times 70\) mm\({}^{2}\) ground plane, the antenna still performs well, with an ECC below 0.1, a gain above 4.6, efficiency above 46%, and good omnidirectionality in the radiation patterns. In addition, the MIMO system can maintain similar performance with the above results under single handheld conditions, which proves it to be an excellent antenna model for 5G communication terminal devices.  
Conceptualization, Y.H., K.D. and Y.W.; methodology, Y.H., K.D.; software, Y.H., L.Z.; validation, Y.H., K.D.; investigation, Y.H., X.K.; writing--original draft preparation, Y.H.; writing--review and editing, Y.H., K.D.; visualization, Y.H., L.Z. and X.K.; supervision, Y.W. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.  
This research was funded as part of the development of high photoelectric conversion efficiency Si_PEDOT:PSS: PSS heterojunction solar cells, Youth Science Foundation of Lanzhou Jiaotong University, grant number 2021025.  
Not applicable.  
The authors would like to thank the very valuable comments given by the anonymous reviewers. The authors thank [PERSON] for his contribution to this paper.  
The authors declare no conflict of interest. The funders had no role in the design of the study; in the collection, analyses, or interpretation of data; in the writing of the manuscript; or in the decision to publish the results.
# A Comparative Study on the Schedulability of the EDZL Scheduling Algorithm on Multiprocessors
## 3 Comparing EDZL Schedulability Tests
### Admission Ratio  
The task set utilization of test instances falls on \((0,m]\), where \(m\) is the number of processors. We divide this range into \(m\times 100\) intervals of length 0.01. For each interval, all test instances whose task set utilization is within the interval are grouped. Let \(num_{grp}\) be the number of test instances belonging to group \(grp\). For each group, we count the number of test instances admitted by each test, denoted by \(admit_{grp,test}\) where \(test=slack,util,demand\). Then, we calculate \(admission\ ratio=admit_{grp,test}/num_{grp}\) for each \(test\).  
Figures 1-4 show the admission ratio of each EDZL schedulability tests when \(m=2,3,4,5\), respectively. Low-utilization task sets are admitted by all the three tests. Most task sets with utilization less than \(0.6\times m\) are admitted by all tests. This value is close to the Piao's schedulable utilization bound, \((m+1)/2\). However,
# Origin and Composition of Exosomes as Crucial Factors in Designing Drug Delivery Systems
## 7 Targeted Delivery
### Normal Cells  
Exosomes isolated from immune cells are recognized as safe, serving as delivery vehicles, and were proposed for use as vehicles for drugs, vaccines, and immunotherapy. The most common types of cells are dendritic cells, macrophages, monocytes, B cells, and T cells. These cells' native function regulates the immunologic response and, thus, exosomes derived from them will also target cells recognized as hostile, e.g., cancer cells. Dendritic-cells-derived exosomes contain numerous membrane moieties that can induce cancer cells' death themself. Macrophage culture purity needs to be maintained at a high profile due to the potential influence of pathogens on exosomes properties and mode of action [115]. These exosomes also convert M2 macrophages to M1 type, increasing phagocytosis of tumor cells. Additionally, macrophage-derived exosomes stimulate the inflammatory response by the release of Th-1 type cytokines, which can be utilized in cancer vaccines, where exosomes may play the role of an adjuvant [116]. Human dermal fibroblasts are also used as an exosomes source [117].
## 4 Results and Analysis
### Debris Flow Characteristics  
#### 4.1.1 Flow Velocity  
Figure 6 shows the flow velocities observed through the flume experiments and their changes due to the installation of the sperm. Figure 6a,b show the debris flow velocity according to \(\alpha\) and \(C_{V}\), respectively. Figure 6c,d show the percent change in debris flow velocity according to \(\alpha\) and \(C_{V}\), respectively, after the berm was installed. The experimental results indicated that the debris flow velocity increased as \(\alpha\) increased or \(C_{V}\) decreased (Figure 6a,b). In the case of the straight channel test, the incremental increase in flow velocity with increasing \(\alpha\) was similar for \(C_{V}\) values less than 0.55, but increased noticeably with \(\alpha\) at a higher \(C_{V}\). The incremental decrease in flow velocity with increasing \(C_{V}\) was similar, regardless of \(\alpha\). In the case of the single-berm channel test, the incremental increase in flow velocity with increasing \(\alpha\) was found to be similar, regardless of \(C_{V}\). The incremental decrease in flow velocity with increasing \(C_{V}\) was similar when \(\alpha\) was 15\({}^{\circ}\) or greater, but increased noticeably with \(C_{V}\) when \(\alpha\) was less than 15\({}^{\circ}\). In addition, it was confirmed that the installation of the berm on the slope reduced the debris flow velocity by 3.2-34.3% (Figure 6c,d). The average decreases in debris flow velocity were found to be 22.9%, 17.4%, 15.2%, and 9.5% for a \(C_{V}\) of 0.40-0.55 and \(\alpha\) of 10\({}^{\circ}\), 15\({}^{\circ}\), 20\({}^{\circ}\), and 25\({}^{\circ}\), respectively, and 9.0%, 13.0%, 15.9%, and 27.0% for an \(\alpha\) of 10\({}^{\circ}\)-25\({}^{\circ}\) and \(C_{V}\) of 0.40, 0.45, 0.50, and 0.55, respectively. This confirmed that the installation of the berm was more effective in reducing the debris flow velocity at smaller \(\alpha\) values and larger \(C_{V}\) values.
# Recent Advances in Positive-Instance Driven Graph Searching +
## 5 Color Coding Sieves
### Query the Color Coding Sieve  
To answer query(\(C\)), we need to iterate through the sieves. For the level-1 sieve, let \(q\) be such that \(2^{q}\leq\min(C)<2^{q+1}\). As we only need to find blocks \(C^{\prime}\) with \(C\lessdot C^{\prime}\), we can focus our search on the sets \(S_{i}\) with \(i\geq q\). In order to sieve out elements on level 2, let \(C\) have \(r_{j}\) blue neighbors (w. r. t. color\({}_{j}\)). We only need to consider sets \(S_{i}[\ell_{1},\ldots,\ell_{\gamma}]\) with \(\ell_{j}+r_{j}\leq k\) for all \(j\in\{1,\ldots,\gamma\}\).  
Finally, for level-3 sieves, if \(S_{i}[\ell]\) is a list, we simply output that list. If \(S_{i}[\ell]\) is split into \(X=\{\,C^{\prime}\in S_{i}[\ell]\mid x\in C\,\}\) and \(\overline{X}=\{\,C^{\prime}\in S_{i}[\ell]\mid x\
ot\in C\,\}\) for a vertex \(x\in V\), we have to investigate these sets recursively. If \(x\in C\), we only have to recur in \(\overline{X}\), as we seek blocks that are disjoint from \(C\). Otherwise, we have to search in both sets.  
The data structure is illustrated in Figure 7 together with the steps corresponding to an insert and a query. The following lemma states that the color coding sieve is, in fact, a block sieve: the output of query(\(C\)) contains all blocks that are compatible to \(C\).  
**Lemma 5**: _After a sequence of insertions has inserted a set \(K\) of blocks to a color coding sieve that corresponds to a graph \(G=(V,E)\) and \(k\in\mathbb{N}\), we have \(\operatorname{comp}(C)\subseteq\text{query}(C)\) for all possible blocks \(C\)._  
All three levels of the color coding sieve manage a partition of the set of blocks they contain and, thus, of \(K\). We argue that any \(C^{\prime}\in\operatorname{comp}(C)\) is output on \(\text{query}(C)\). The proof is by contradiction, so assume \(C^{\prime}\) is pruned by one of the sieves.  
If \(C^{\prime}\) is pruned on level 1, it must have been in a set \(S_{i}\) with \(2^{i}\leq\min(C^{\prime})\leq 2^{i+1}\) and \(i<q\) for \(2^{q}\leq\min(C)\leq 2^{q+1}\). Thus, \(C^{\prime}\lessdot C\) and, hence, \(C^{\prime}\) is not compatible with respect to \(C\) by property 1 of being compatible.  
Now, assume \(C^{\prime}\) was pruned by the level-2 sieve. Then \(C^{\prime}\) was stored in a set \(S_{i}[\ell_{1},\ldots,\ell_{\gamma}]\) that was not explored. Hence, there must be an index \(j\in\{1,\ldots,\gamma\}\) and a number \(r_{j}\geq 0\) with \(\ell_{j}+r_{j}>k\) such that \(N_{G}(C\cup C^{\prime})\) contains at least \(\ell_{j}\) orange and \(r_{j}\) blue vertices with respect to color\({}_{j}\). This is a witness for \(|N_{G}(C\cup C^{\prime})|>k\) and, thus, a contradiction to property 2 of being compatible.  
Finally, if \(C^{\prime}\) was pruned by the level-3 sieve, then clearly the sieve contains multiple layers (otherwise the whole list is output). The only way the sieve prunes is that it had split its list with a vertex \(x\in V\) and \(x\in C\). Since \(C^{\prime}\) was pruned, we have \(x\in C^{\prime}\) and, hence, \(C\cap C^{\prime}\
eq\emptyset\)--a contradiction to property 3 of being compatible.