## 2 Related Work  
Several studies have demonstrated the characteristics of the underwater optical channel through experimental, analytical, and statistical methods. Because of the difficulties in performing experiments in an incredibly dynamic and rigorous undersea environment, most of the experimental work is carried out inside a controlled laboratory setup. An experimental approach for measuring the frequency response of the underwater laser communication channel under the influence of scattering has been implemented in [12]. They concluded that temporal dispersion is insensitive to increasing FoV over loose pointing and tracking, but increasing FoV can improve the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and dynamic range. The authors in [13] performed an experimental study of the underwater optical channel by measuring the magnitude and phase response of an underwater optical channel for 25 attenuation lengths in harbor waters. Most recently, the authors of [14] validated their experimental investigations of the light propagation underwater through Zemax ray-tracing software. However, the authors of [15] validated a Monte Carlo-based model against an experimental model that can predict temporal and spatial dispersion in underwater optical laser-based links. To overcome the constraints of the laboratory-based experimental study, researchers have implemented analytical methods of estimating the underwater optical communication link. While investigating the effects of spatial spreading on the optical beam, a hypothetical model for the characterization of beam spreading of the underwater wireless optical communication (UWOC) channel was proposed in [16]. They validated their theoretical predictions through a series of lab experiments. Additionally, the total scattering profile, i.e., temporal and spatial spreading of a light beam, was investigated in [17] as a function of water turbidity and link range. The proposed theoretical model is simple and requires less computation time because of the use of Small-Angle Approximation (SAA). Considering the effect of light polarization along with multiple scattering, an analytical solution was proposed in [18] using the Stokes Vector. Analytical methods are not an ideal approach for evaluating underwater communications for practical operations since they involve a chain of assumptions and simplifications. While considering the random nature of the underwater wireless communication, several researchers have used the well-known Monte Carlo simulations to study the response of the underwater channel for different water types, system configurations, and propagation distances. The authors in [19] characterize the spatial and temporal behavior of the underwater channel by measuring IR and path loss considering single, multiple, and no scattering using a stochastic analytic approach. A numerical model of the impact of scattering on light beam underwater was proposed in [9] using the Monte Carlo technique. They analyzed the IR and received signal power of the UWOC channel against receiver FoVs and apertures. Using the Monte Carlo approach, the research in [20] models an underwater optical channel. They quantify the channel's IR to deduce information of attenuation and temporal dispersion for different lens diameters, link distance, and water types. Authors in [21] evaluated the influence of temporal dispersion on UWOC performance through channel's IR and BER analysis. They implemented maximum likelihood sequence estimation (MLSE) to mitigate ISI induced due to limited bandwidth. For a varying FoV, the authors of [11] evaluated the distribution of power and frequency response for a short-range on-axis and off-axis line-of-sight (LoS) link using a Monte Carlo model. They suggest that smaller FoV can facilitate to improve power performance for the ocean and coastal water. However, for harbor water, a large FoV is required to maximize received power with sufficient bandwidth.