## 1 Introduction
This means that the generated bifunctional waveform may not necessarily provide the expected deterministic waveform characteristics, such as low peak to average power ratio (PAPR) or expected radar blur function [24]. In this multifunctional combination, in order to reduce the detection quality of noncooperative radars and protect the regions of interest (ROIs) from observation and detection, various electronic countermeasures are usually used, including stand-off supported jamming (SSI) and self-defense jamming (SDJ). The research on electronic countermeasures (ECMs) and radar jamming methods has also attracted attention from the radar industry [25]. The methods and techniques for jamming radar can be broadly categorized into active jamming and passive jamming [26; 27]. With the development of digital radio frequency memory (DRFM), the active jamming techniques have been increasingly researched [28]. In this regard, this article only discusses active jamming. Functionally, radar jamming can be further classified into suppression jamming [29; 30; 31] and deception jamming [32; 33; 34], each involving multiple forms. Suppression jamming involves injecting signals into the enemy radar to submerge echoes from real targets. This is achieved by generating wideband and narrowband active noise signals on the radar's sweep frequency band, creating a suppression jamming environment. The introduction of artificial noise disrupts the normal operation of the radar by increasing its input noise level and reducing the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). However, the pulse compression processing of radar signals results in a high processing gain for target echoes, making suppression jamming unsuitable for many scenarios due to the high jamming power output required [35]. Deception jamming, on the other hand, retransmits or modulates the intercepted radar signals to form false target signals with high processing gain, thereby masking the real target and protecting ROIs. Additionally deceptive jamming can generate low jamming signal ratios (JSRs) and realistic targets [36]. Similarly, the integrated design of joint radar jamming and communication is also necessary for two main reasons. Firstly, radar jamming signals have the characteristics of a wide beam, large bandwidth, and high energy. These characteristics make it difficult to successfully complete communication during radar jamming operation. Secondly, radar jammers that form a network need to interact with each other to better complete radar jamming tasks. If traditional technological means are used, radar jamming and communication need to be completed at different times and/or frequencies, which is equivalent to requiring additional time-frequency resources. The integrated design of joint radar jamming and communication can use the same time and spectrum to complete communication tasks while jamming, effectively avoiding additional consumption caused by issues such as the above. However, there has been very little research on the integration design of radar jamming and communication so far. Therefore, researching the integrated system of radar jamming and communication is not only crucial in the field of ECM, but also extends the scope of effective spectrum resource utilization and provides a basis to carry out new research areas. The reference [37] first studied the combination method of radar jamming and communication. This approach employs false target jamming to elevate the detection threshold while maintaining an unchanged false alarm probability. By modulating the mapping of communication data, linear frequency modulation (LFM) signals with different Doppler slopes and frequency slopes can effectively carry multiple bits of data, thus interfering with radar signals while ensuring the completion of communication commands. However, its communication rate is very low and it is not suitable for large-scale communication scenarios. As communication technology continues to evolve, the limitations of traditional multicarrier modulation techniques are becoming increasingly evident.