## 2 Materials and Methods
### Case Study  
Our case study focused on Lujiang Academy in Guangzhou, a representative ancestral hall building constructed in the 13 th year of the Jiaqing period (1808) during the Qing Dynasty. Located within the ancient academy architectural complex of Liushui Well on Xihu Road in Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, Lujiang Academy is one of the best-preserved ancestral hall academies in the area. It covers a total area of approximately 1900 square meters, with a built-up area of about 2300 square meters. As part of its renovation and modernization efforts, Lujiang Academy has established the first financial museum in South China. The museum features seven exhibition halls dedicated to topics such as currency, banking, and traditional finance, offering functions related to financial collections, exhibitions, and cultural education (Figure 2).  
The Lujiang Academy primarily consists of ancestral hall buildings, oriented along a north-south axis with a width of approximately 13 m and a length of about 37 m. Built with traditional brick and wood structures, it features 35 cm thick brick mountain walls on both sides, joined by mortise and tenon joints in a wooden beam frame. The beams rest directly on bamboo and the mountain walls without rigid connections. Along the central axis from south to north, the academy comprises a head gate, nave, and apse. These halls have flush gable roof double slopes with overhanging eaves extending over 50 cm, covered in tiles. To accommodate museum exhibitions and visits, Lujiang Academy has renovated its indoor spaces while preserving the original style and layout. The primary renovation involved installing enclosed glass curtain walls around the two internal courtyards. These curtain walls, supported by independent steel structures, are positioned 400-500 mm lower than the indoor eaves, leaving ventilation gaps. This approach ensures natural ventilation for traditional building materials while creating a closed environment suitable for modern air conditioning systems, maintaining optimal conditions of temperature, humidity, and darkness for exhibit preservation.  
Figure 1: Methodology workflow utilized in this research.  
During the on-site investigation, Lujiang Academy was meticulously surveyed and mapped, documenting its layout and spatial dimensions. Using SketchUp 3D modeling software, a comprehensive 3D model was created showcasing the academy's scale, main entrance, and the arrangement of its main and ancillary halls along the axis (Figure 3). The model accurately depicts the planned location of glass curtain walls around the two courtyards within the ancestral hall building.  
Figure 3: Design of Renewal and Renovation of Lujiang Academy. (**a**) Install glass curtain walls and canopies in the courtyard and corridor; (**b**) Newly added independent steel structure glass curtain wall in the courtyard; (**c**) Vertical section of ancestral hall.  
Figure 2: The interior space of Lujiang Academy after renovation and renovation. (**a**) Front hall; (**b**) Indoor exhibition display; (**c**) Glass curtain wall enclosed courtyard; (**d**) Indoor exhibition of courtyard corridor; (**e**) Corridor canopy.  
Using glass to enclose courtyards is a common approach in the adaptive reuse of ancestral hall buildings. This is typically achieved by installing glass curtain walls and canopies over the courtyards. Given the inward-facing nature of ancestral halls, enclosing the courtyards with glass curtain walls often significantly enhances the usability of the interior space as a compromise. However, this practice also introduces several risks. It can alter the building's silhouette, interfere with airflow, and affect wind load distribution on the building's surfaces during typhoon conditions, thereby increasing the risk of wind damage. Consequently, conducting appropriate evaluations and analyses to assess these potential impacts is essential.