## 2 Background and Hypotheses
### Technological-Oriented KM, Innovation, and Smart City Performance
With the quantity of literature on the subject constantly growing, there appears to be little hope of achieving alliance on basic terminology and interpretations. Some people have expressed their dissatisfaction with this concept. Consequently, smart city performance should be included in electronic service delivery by smart cities in this study [38]. From a traditional standpoint, organizational performance is usually associated with economic performance [39], and the financial benefits of organizational effectiveness are strongly tied to the company's performance [40]. [PERSON]'s [37] analysis employs contrasting and individually introspective performance indicators, such as \"Our company is more profitable than the industry average,\" and individual introspective performance indicators, such as \"We are more profitable than we were five years ago.\" These performance indicators include both financial and non-financial indicators. Nevertheless, similar to any other organizational resource, effective technology-oriented knowledge management through artificial intelligence should contribute to key attributes of smart city performance, such as e-service delivery [41]. Furthermore, as smart cities improve their AI-based knowledge management, they can achieve optimal e-services solutions to satisfy the needs of their citizens [30]. Smart cities can acquire and use knowledge more productively with increased AI-based knowledge management capabilities, resulting in above-average performance. Thus, we propose:  
**Hypothesis 1**. : _Higher the AI-based technology-oriented knowledge management, the higher the likelihood that a smart city offers e-service delivery to citizens._  
When considering the association between Knowledge Management and innovativeness, we first begin with [PERSON]. According to him, integrating established theoretical and physiological ingredients is known as an innovation [42]. Specifically, innovation is the process of combining an organization's existing knowledge capital to generate new knowledge. Consequently, an innovative business's ultimate focus is reorganizing current knowledge assets while researching new knowledge [43]. Knowledge exploration and manipulation have been proven to contribute to the innovative of an organization and its performance [44]. Numerous studies on the significance of Knowledge Management in innovation has been undertaken. The outcomes of [PERSON] [21] supported the crucial importance of knowledge management in knowledge processing capability and hence in the incidence and interactivity of innovation. [PERSON] [45] presents statistical evidence supporting the positive effect of technology management on an organizations' innovation success. [PERSON] and [PERSON] [46] argue that KM techniques such as \"innovative information use,\" \"efficient information gathering,\" and \"shared interpretation\" improve the efficiency and innovativeness of new products. Theoretical approaches provide vague arguments about a particular emphasis on \"demand-driven\" or \"collaborative\" knowledge management techniques. Incredibly strong relations in a knowledge-sharing community may constrain the innovation process due to redundancy [47]. On the other hand, a shared knowledge base enhances intellectual capital within the society [48]. Knowledge management systems, particularly ICT elements, emerge to enhance the efficiency and at least perceived progress [49]. It is compatible with the outcomes of knowledge management in businesses, which unearth statistical evidence proving enterprises with superior knowledge management employ their resources effectively, increasing innovation [21]. The findings of previous case studies offer conflicting results too. [PERSON] et al. 's findings are an excellent illustration. [PERSON] [37] discovered no substantial advantages. A further component of the KM-innovation connection is how knowledge management influences distinctive forms of innovation.