# Cross-Layer Methods for Ad Hoc Networks--Review and Classification
## 3 Cross-Layer Method Publications Review
### One Layer
#### 3.1.3 Network Layer
[78] propose a modification of the AODV protocol, in which a route request is sent with information about how much power is needed to transmit the packet alongside the route. If one of the route lines does not support the specified power, the route request packet through that line is not set. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Publication** & **Year** & **Citations** & **Layers** & **Goal** \\ \hline
[75] & 2008 & 22 & \(2,3\) & route throughput \\
[76] & 2009 & 19 & \(1,3\) & route throughput \\
[77] & 2011 & 28 & \(2,3\) & route throughput, energy consumption \\
[78] & 2012 & 22 & \(1,3\) & route throughput, energy consumption \\
[79] & 2013 & 28 & \(2,3\) & energy consumption \\
[80] & 2015 & 21 & \(1,3,5\) & route throughput \\
[81] & 2015 & 64 & \(1,3\) & route stability \\
[82] & 2018 & 30 & \(1,3,5\) & route stability \\
[83] & 2023 & 6 & \(1,2,3\) & route throughput, route packet error rate, interference, energy consumption \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 7: Cross-layer methods concentrated on network layer routing protocols. [PERSON] et al. [79] propose a cross-layer protocol of channel and network layer. The new protocol minimizes the energy consumption in the network. The routing protocol uses data from the channel layer and finds paths with minimal power consumption for packet transmission. The energy consumption is estimated based on the probability of packet line successful delivery, the number of packet collisions, the residual energy of the nodes, and the number of packets transferred. The channel layer protocol gives a larger share of the channel to those nodes that are more likely to successfully transmit packets. [PERSON] et al. [80] propose an improvement of the DYMO routing protocol based on the channel resources reservation. When reserving resources, physical layer parameters such as transmission power, transmission speed, signal constellation size, and error code type are requested. By reserving resources on the basis of physical layer parameters rather than just the capacity of the line, the network capacity increases. [PERSON] et al. [81] propose to use the signal-to-noise ratio. When one selects the next node to forward the route request message, only nodes with the minimum allowable signal-to-noise ratio are selected. The high signal-to-noise ratio implies that the node is close and will not be out of radio sight for a relatively long time. [PERSON] et al. [82] offer a multicast routing protocol. The protocol uses physical, channel, and network layer information to form a multicast tree. The following data is used: signal strength, fading estimation, line lifetime, residual node energy, and cost of updating the multicast tree. Cross-layer interaction allows the routing protocol to find stable, slow-changing multicast route trees. [PERSON] et al. [83] propose the enhancement for the AODV routing protocol called cross-layer adaptive fuzzy-based ad hoc on-demand distance vector routing protocol (CLAF-AODV). The suggested method employs two-level fuzzy logic and a cross-layer design approach to select the appropriate nodes with a higher probability of participating in broadcasting by considering parameters from the three first layers of the open systems interconnection (OSI) model to achieve a quality of service, stability, and adaptability. It not only investigates the quality of the node and the network density around the node to make a decision but also investigates the path that the broadcast packet traveled to reach this node. The proposed protocol reduces the number of broadcast packets and significantly improves network performance with respect to throughput, packet loss, interference, and average energy consumption compared to the standard AODV and the fixed probability AODV (FP-AODV) routing protocols.