## 3 Pharmacokinetics of Tanshinones
### The Pharmacokine (PK) Characteristics of Single Administered Agents or as Mixtures
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{l l l l l l l l l} \hline \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**Species**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Administered**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**Route**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**Dose**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**PK for**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**\(C_{\text{A-B}}\), \(C_{\text{max}}\) or \(C_{\text{t}}(\mu\text{M})\)**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**t\({}_{\text{129}}\) (h)**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**t\({}_{\text{127}}\) (h)**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**References**} \\  & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**(marker compound)**} & & & & & & & \\ \hline Rat & Danshen extract-lipid & _i.v._ & 2 & TIIA & 0.144 (\(C_{\text{smin}}\)) & & 2.27 & [97] \\  & emulsion (TIIA) & & 4 & TIIA & 0.20 (\(C_{\text{smin}}\)) & & 2.35 & \\  & & 8 & TIIA & 0.932 (\(C_{\text{smin}}\)) & & 2.17 & \\  & Danshen extract-lipid & _i.v._ & 2 & TIIA & 0.81 (\(C_{\text{smin}}\)) & & 3.13 & \\  & emulsion (TIIA) Plus & & 4 & TIIA & 1.17 (\(C_{\text{smin}}\)) & & 3.43 & \\  & polyphenic extract & & 8 & TIIA & 22.78 (\(C_{\text{smin}}\)) & & 4.79 & \\ Rabbit & Danxiongfang formula in & _i.v._ & 2.5 & TIIA & 10.99 (\(C_{\text{A}}+C_{\text{B}}\)) & 0.041 & 2.25 & [98] \\  & Tween80/saline (TIIA) & & & & & & & \\  & Danxiongfang formula & _i.v._ & 4.5 & CT & 15.10 (\(C_{\text{A}}+C_{\text{B}}\)) & 0.039 & 1.42 & \\  & Tween80/saline (CT) & & & & & & \\ Rabbit & CT in Tween80/saline & _i.v._ & 4.5 & CT & 11.89 (\(C_{\text{A}}+C_{\text{B}}\)) & 0.036 & 1.16 & [99] \\  & Danxiongfang formula & _i.v._ & 4.5 & CT & 15.10 (\(C_{\text{A}}+C_{\text{B}}\)) & 0.039 & 1.42 & \\  & (CT) & & & & & & \\ Pig & CT in isopropanol solution & _i.v._ & 10 & CT & 10.44 (\(C_{\text{A}}+C_{\text{B}}\)) & 0.040 & 1.08 & [100] \\  & & & & TIIA & 2.10 (\(\text{\text@underline{G}}t_{\text{max}}=4.6\) min) & & 3.15 & \\  & & _p.o._ & 40 & CT & 0.15 (\(\text{\text@underline{G}}\)\(\text{\text@underline{1}}\) h) & & \\  & & _i.m._ & 20 & CT & 0.19 (\(\text{\text@underline{G}}\)\(\text{\text@underline{20}}\) min) & & \\ Rat & CT in aqueous solution & _i.v._ & 20 & CT & 9.57 & & 1.06 & [94] \\  & CT in aqueous solution & _i.p._ & 100 & CT & 2.22 (\(\text{\text@underline{G}}t_{\text{max}}\) 1.91 h) (10.6\% iv & 6.88 & \\  & & & & AUC) & & & \\  & CT in aqueous solution & _p.o._ & 100 & CT & 0.305 (\(\text{\text@underline{G}}t_{\text{max}}\) 5.19 h) (2.1\% iv & 6.64 & \\  & & & & AUC) & & & \\ Rat & CT as dispersion & _p.o._ & 20 & CT & 0.085 (\(\text{\text@underline{G}}t_{\text{max}}\) 4 h) & & \(\sim\)4 & [101] \\  & & & & TIIA & 0.041 (\(\text{\text@underline{G}}t_{\text{max}}\) 4 h) & & \(\sim\)5 & \\ Rat & CT suspension in 1\% & _p.o._ & 5.7 & CT & 0.037 (\(\text{\text@underline{G}}t_{\text{max}}\) 0.50 h) & \(\sim\)0.05 & \(\sim\)3.9 & [102] \\  & Tween80 & & & & & & \\ Rat & TIIA & _p.o._ & 15 & TIIA & **18.9** (\(\text{\text@underline{G}}t_{\text{max}}\) 0.85 h) & 0.55 & 3.63 & [95] \\ Rat & TIIA in Tween80 & _p.o._ & 8 & TIIA & 0.012 (\(\text{\text@underline{G}}t_{\text{max}}\) 0.32 h) & & 3.84 & [103] \\  & suspension & & & & & & \\  & CT in Tween80 suspension & _p.o._ & 5.7 & CT & 0.022 (\(\text{\text@underline{G}}t_{\text{max}}\) 0.56 h) & & 2.83 & \\  & CT in Tween80 suspension & _p.o._ & 5.7 & TIIA & 0.012 (\(\text{\text@underline{G}}t_{\text{max}}\) 0.42 h) & & 3.12 & \\  & Danshen EtOH Extract & _p.o._ & 8 & TIIA & 0.121 (\(\text{\text@underline{G}}t_{\text{max}}\) 0.64 h) & & 5.12 & \\  & (TIIA) in Tween80 & & & & & & \\  & suspension & & & & & & \\  & Danshen EtOH Extract & _p.o._ & 5.7 & CT & 0.189 (\(\text{\text@underline{G}}t_{\text{max}}\) 0.58h) & 4.80 & \\  & (CT) in Tween80 & & & & & & \\  & suspension & & & & & & \\  & Danshen EtOH Extract & _p.o._ & 5.7 & CT & 0.189 (\(\text{\text@underline{G}}t_{\text{max}}\) 0.58h) & 4.80 & \\  & (CT) in Tween80 & & & & & & \\  & suspension & & & & & & \\  & & & & & & & \\  & & & & & & & \\  & & & & & & & \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 2: Pharmacokine parameters of selected tanshinones (TIIA, CT, TI and DH-TI).