## 2 Overview of Supplementary Damping Systems
### Brief History and Development of Damping Technologies  
The development of supplementary damping technologies has been a gradual process, driven by advances in materials science, structural engineering, and control theory [19]. 2.3.1. Early Developments (1950s-1960s)  
1960s: Development of viscoelastic dampers for military and aerospace applications [20]. In their study, a new adaptive viscous damper (AVD) is presented, along with the requisite equations to elucidate its mechanical behavior. In contrast to standard adaptive devices, the proposed damper possesses the ability to modify its mechanical properties independently, without the necessity for supplementary devices such as sensors, processing units, actuators, energy supplies, or any wired or wireless connections. The AVD features a cylinder filled with viscous fluid and a piston that has a nozzle at its head. 1969: First application of viscoelastic dampers in a building, i.e., the World Trade Center, New York [21]. An extensive analysis was undertaken to examine the performance of VCDs using full-scale tests and to evaluate the appropriateness of different numerical models in predicting their responses. A variety of displacement-controlled tests were executed on a full-scale VCD specimen. 2.3.2. Emergence of Seismic Damping Systems (1970s-1980s)  
1970s: Introduction of base isolation systems for seismic protection [22]. They presented an overview of the methodology utilized to create a reusable and optimized base-isolated system, emphasizing the reduction in structural stress and the enhancement of cost efficiency, all while striving for safe qualification. The study's methodology merges numerical analysis with shake table testing to achieve a financially viable solution. 1970s: The first application of a tuned mass damper in a building, i.e., Centrepoint Tower in Sydney [23]. In this investigation, artificial neural networks were utilized to identify the ideal mechanical properties of tuned mass dampers (TMDs) designed for high-rise buildings under wind load conditions. The patterns generated from the structural analysis of different multi-degree-of-freedom (MDF) systems were leveraged for the training of the neural networks. 1980s: Development and application of fluid viscous dampers in civil structures [24; 25]. This strategy, founded on a numerical approach to a constrained optimization problem, utilized a performance criterion that originates from the energy balance equation of the system, represented in stochastic terms. To effectively manage the nonlinear constitutive behavior of the FVDs, a cutting-edge equal-energy non-Gaussian stochastic linearization technique was integrated into the optimal design framework. 2.3.3. Proliferation and Diversification (1990s-2000s)  
1990s: Widespread adoption of friction dampers and metallic yield dampers [26]. Metallic yield dampers are among the most acknowledged and utilized passive devices, primarily due to their straightforward installation, operational efficiency, resilience to environmental temperature variations, affordability, and consistent hysteretic performance. These dampers function by dissipating energy through the inelastic deformation of metals. 1990s: Introduction of magnetorheological (MR) dampers [27]. Large magnetorheological (MR) dampers are favored for their superior damping force capabilities, making them highly applicable in civil engineering, structural engineering, suspension bridge design, mining engineering, and agricultural engineering. A previous study [27] provided an extensive review of large MR dampers, encompassing their classifications and applications, operational principles, various fluid models, structural design, and control systems. It is noted that large MR dampers offer enhanced controllability of damping forces compared to traditional MR dampers. The findings of this review suggest that large MR dampers possess significant vibration mitigation capabilities and exhibit superior damping performance. Late 1990s: Development of shape memory alloy (SMA) dampers [28; 29].