## 4 Discussion  
Literature documents that truck drivers are predisposed to obesity due to the inactive environment of their occupation, making them susceptible to several devastating health conditions (e.g., hypertension and diabetes) [5, 6, 8, 9, 10, 11]. Therefore, this study determined the prevalence of obesity and its association with hypertension and diabetes among truckers in a logistics company in South Africa. The study showed a moderate proportion of \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c} \hline \hline
**Two Obesity Indicators** & **Obesity** & **Kappa (\(p\)-Value)** & **Agreement** \\ \hline Obesity by BMI-WC & 55 (57.3\%) & 0.59 (\(<\)0.001) ** & Moderate \\ Obesity by BMI-WHR & 50 (52.1\%) & 0.20 (0.044) & Slight \\ Obesity by BMI-WHtR & 68 (70.8\%) & 0.648 (\(<\)0.001) ** & Substantial \\ Obesity by WC-WHR & 44 (45.8\%) & 0.32 (0.002) & Fair \\ Obesity by WC-WHRR & 56 (58.3\%) & 0.483 (\(<\)0.001) ** & Moderate \\ Obesity by WHR-WHtR & 54 (56.3\%) & 0.216 (0.022) & Fair \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular} BMI stands for body mass index; WC for waist circumference; WHR for waist hip ratio; WHR for waist-height-ratio; and **_p_-value: significant at less than 0.001.  
\end{table} 
Table 4: Agreement among anthropometric markers for identifying obesity. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c} \hline \hline
**Cardiometabolic Factor** & **Obesity by BMI** & **Obesity by WC** & **Obesity by WHR** & **Obesity by WHtR** \\ \hline Age & 0.230 & 0.889 & 0.118 & 0.886 \\ \hline Smoking & 0.382 & 0.230 & 0.611 & 0.411 \\ \hline Alcohol use & 0.275 & 0.160 & 0.512 & 0.135 \\ \hline Physical active & 0.187 & 0.383 & 0.678 & 0.976 \\ \hline Raised SBP & 0.075 & 0.002 * & 0.234 & 0.005 * \\ \hline Raised DBP & 0.367 & 0.059 & 0.283 & 0.065 \\ \hline Diabetes & 0.278 & 0.320 & 0.236 & 0.199 \\ \hline Hypertension & 0.042* & 0.001 * & 0.133 & 0.002 * \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular} BMI stands for body mass index; SBP stand for systolic blood pressure; DBP stands for diastolic blood pressure; and *_p_-value: significant at 0.05.  
\end{table} 
Table 3: Association between variables of cardio-metabolic and obesity (by BMI, WC, WHR and WHtR) amongst male truck drivers. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c} \hline \hline
**Variable** & **Obesity by BMI** & **Obesity by WC** & **Obesity by WHR** & **Obesity by WHtR** \\ \hline Diabetes (yes) & 2.81 (0.49; 16.30) & 1.98 (0.49; 8.04) & 6.01 (1.19; 31.21) * & 7.31 (0.63; 84.70) \\ Hypertension (yes) & 2.74 (1.04; 7.21) * & 4.68 (1.92; 11.34) * & 2.29 (0.93; 5.61) * & 5.49 (1.74; 17.27) * \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}  
* \(p\)-value: significant at 0.05.  
\end{table} 
Table 5: Adjusted associations between hypertension, diabetes, and classification of obesity among truck drivers. smoking among truckers, while alcohol use and physical inactivity were high. Overall overweight/obesity, abdominal obesity and hypertension were high among truckers, while diabetes was moderate. Hypertension was significantly associated with all abdominal obesity indicators, more so with WC and WHtR, and then followed by BMI and WHR. Elevated SBP was significantly related with WC and WHtR. On the other hand, diabetes was substantially related with abdominal obesity by WHR. Overall overweight and obesity among truckers were 44% and 30%, respectively, making an overall overweight/obesity (by BMI) of 74%. The high proportion of overweight/obesity is in line with 69% reported among truckers in South Africa [36], which is double the prevalence in the general population (31%) [18]. The elevated proportion of overweight/obesity has also been reported in several developing countries, such as Ethiopia (56.5%), India (40-55.5%), and Brazil (79.2%) [11; 57; 58], and developing countries, such as the USA (64-93.3%) [9; 60; 59] and Germany (76%) [61]. Researchers have alluded that high prevalence of overweight/obesity among truckers is attributed to junk foods, sugary foods, and drinks frequently consumed during long distance driving [5; 8].