## 1 Introduction
### Membrane Proteins of Gram-Negative Bacterium Species
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c} \hline \hline
**Species** & **Concluding Analysis** & **Membrane Proteins/Channels/Porins** \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{_Escherichia coli_} & Showed the structure and function of porin. The work focused on the annulus of basic and acidic patches. Showed the effect of mutations in the annulus to \\  & affect ion selectivity and sugar transport. These findings provide insights into \\  & the mechanisms underlying the permeation of molecules through \\  & bacterial porins [47]. \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{_Escherichia coli_} & Examined and showed effects of Loop L3 from OmpF membrane protein \\  & dynamics toward antibiotic translocation [48]. \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{_Escherichia coli_} & Explored and showed the mechanism of TolC–AcrA complex formation [49]. \\  & * _E. coli_ AcrA-ToC is the ternary efflux pump, implicated in drug resistance \\  & by removing antimicrobials/ antibiotics out of the cell. TolC obstruction by \\  & numerous cations, for example, hexaamimecobalt and others, have been \\  & reported and therefore signifies a prospective target for reducing \\  & antibiotic resistance [50]. \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{_Escherichia coli_} & This study presents an innovative approach for investigating the role of \\  & membrane channels in antibiotic enrofloxacin, kanamycin sulfate, norfloxacin, and ciprofloxacin uptake in Gram-negative bacteria. The researchers were able \\  & to characterize membrane protein channels in their native environment [51]. \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{_Escherichia coli_} & This study presents a novel approach to distinguish between translocation and \\  & binding processes in biological channels using an additional barrier at the \\  & channel exit. By functionalizing the channel with covalent blockers, they were \\  & able to identify the successful permeation of model peptides and an antibiotic \\  & through the well-studied outer membrane channel [52]. \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{_Escherichia coli_} & Reported the interface of gentamicin, kanamycin, and polymycin B with \\  & purified lipopolysaccharidesaccharide from the outer membrane [53]. \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{_Escherichia coli_} & Reported ampicillin, benzylpenicillin permeation, and the effect of ampicillin \\  & degradation on interaction with channel [54]. \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{_Escherichia coli_} & This study demonstrates an improved method for analyzing small molecule \\  & penetration and permeation through nanopores. The analysis of the \\  & single-channel ion current of meropenem interacting with porin suggests \\  & sub-microsecond-scale gating kinetic parameters are accessible with existing \\  & experimental equipment [55]. \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{_Escherichia coli_} & Reported the consequences and impacts of access resistance on \\  & membrane proteins [56]. \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{_Escherichia coli_} & Reported the transportation of divalent ions and its effect on pore conductance \\  & and selectivity [57]. \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{_Escherichia coli_} & Reported the impact of diverse divalent cation salts on channel conductance, \\  & the function of electrolytes and the accumulation of counterions caused by \\  & channel charges, and other effects not present in monovalent cation salts [58]. \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{_Escherichia coli_} & Explored the transport of different aminoglycoses through porins [39]. \\  & & ChiP \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 1: The tabulated different research studies investigated involving different membrane proteins from various species of Gram-negative bacteria, building upon and updating earlier published research by the author [27; 45]: molecular Simulations (MS), outer membrane protein (Omp). The author has endeavored to gather as much data as possible, and the citations provided are accurate to the best of the knowledge. However, any errors in the citations or table are beyond the author’s control. Additionally, it should be noted that while this Table is included, the list may not be limited.