## 3 Results
### Physical Function Outcomes
#### 3.2.1 Adjusted Intent to Treat Analysis
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{l l l l l} \hline
**Variable** & **All Participants (\(n\) = 42)** & **OEP (ITT \(n\) = 21)** & **OEP (Per Protocol \(n\) = 9)** & **Usual Care (\(n\) = 21)** \\ \hline Age, years & 82.1 \(\pm\) 8.1 (60–98) & 80.7 \(\pm\) 7.5 (68.0–94.0) & 81.9 \(\pm\) 8.3 (68.0–93.0) & 83.5 \(\pm\) 8.6 (60.0–98.0) \\ Male: Female Sex, \(n\) (\%) & 27 (64.3); 15 (35.7) & 14 (66.7); 7 (33.3) & 5 (55.6); 4 (44.4) & 13 (61.9); 8 (83.1) \\ Race: Black, White, & 7 (16.7), 35 (83.3), 0 (0) & 4 (9.5), 17 (40.5), 0 (0) & 2 (22.2), 7 (77.8), 0 (0) & 3 (7.1), 18 (42.9), 0 (0) \\ Ethnicity: Hispanic, & & & & \\ Non-Hispanic, \(n\) (\%) & 1 (2.4), 41 (97.6) & 1 (48.), 20 (95.2) & 0 (0), 9 (100) & 0 (0), 21 (100) \\ BMI, kg/m\({}^{2}\) & 26.6 \(\pm\) 5.5 (17.6–41.8) & 27.0 \(\pm\) 5.7 (17.6–36.2) & 28.0 \(\pm\) 6.5 (19.2–36.2) & 26.2 \(\pm\) 5.5 (19.1–41.8) \\ FCI, total number & 3.7 \(\pm\) 2.0 (1–9) & 4.0 \(\pm\) 2.1 (1–8) & 3.6 \(\pm\) 2.5 (1–8) & 3.4 \(\pm\) 2.0 (1–9) \\ Medications, total number & 12.5 \(\pm\) 5.6 (0–26) & 13.6 \(\pm\) 6.3 (6–26) & 14.7 \(\pm\) 6.7 (6–26) & 11.4 \(\pm\) 4.8 (0–24) \\ Fall History in the Last 6 & 2.8 \(\pm\) 12.2 (0–78) & 4.3 \(\pm\) 16.9 (0–78) & 0.4 \(\pm\) 0.7 (0–2) & 1.3 \(\pm\) 2.3 (0–9) \\ Morse Fall Scale, points & 45.6 \(\pm\) 2.3 (9.5–90) & 47.6 \(\pm\) 2.49 (15–90) & 46.1 \(\pm\) 2.2 (6–15-80) & 43.6 \(\pm\) 2.3 (15–80) \\ MoCA, points & 10.0 \(\pm\) 5.9 (10–19) & 10.6 \(\pm\) 6.3 (0–19) & 9.3 \(\pm\) 7.4 (0–18) & 9.5 \(\pm\) 5.5 (1–19) \\ Dementia Onset, years & 3.5 \(\pm\) 5.2 (0.2 to 26.6) & 2.1 \(\pm\) 1.5 (0.4 to 5.2) & 1.4 \(\pm\) 1.2 (0.4 to 3.0) & 5.0 \(\pm\) 7.2 (0.2 to 26.6) \\ Dementia Type, \(n\) (\%) & & & & \\ Alzheimer’s Disease & 16 (38.1) & 7 (33.3) & 3 (33.3) & 9 (42.9) \\ Vascular Dementia & 3 (7.1) & 1 (4.8) & 0 (0.0) & 2 (9.5) \\ PD Dementia & 1 (2.4) & 1 (4.8) & 1 (11.1) & 0 (0.0) \\ Alcohol-Induced & 1 (2.4) & 0 (0.0) & 0 (0.0) & 1 (4.8) \\ Dementia & & & & \\ Unspecified, Without & & & & \\ BD & 21 (50.0) & 12 (57.1) & 5 (55.6) & 9 (42.9) \\ Site & & & & \\ Nursing Home, \(n\) (\%) & 24 (57.1) & 13 (31.0) & 5 (55.6) & 11 (26.2) \\ Memory Care, \(n\) (\%) & 7 (16.7) & 5 (11.9) & 3 (33.3) & 2 (4.8) \\ Assisted Living, \(n\) (\%) & 11 (26.2) & 3 (7.1) & 1 (11.1) & 8 (19.0) \\ Mobility Device, \(n\) (\%) & & & & \\ Wheelchair & 5 (11.9) & 4 (9.5) & 0 (0) & 1 (2.4) \\ Walker & 10 (23.8) & 6 (14.3) & 3 (33.3) & 4 (9.5) \\ Cane & 11 (26.2) & 5 (11.9) & 3 (33.3) & 6 (14.3) \\ None & 16 (38.1) & 6 (14.3) & 3 (33.3) & 10 (23.8) \\ \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 1: Participant characteristics for PWD; mean \(\pm\) standard deviation (range of values). to 1.56 cm; +1.03 cm; \(p=0.04\)) in the usual care group. The unadjusted and adjusted ITT are in Appendix A Tables A1 and A2. Figure 3: Single- and dual-task gait in the Otago Exercise Program (OEP) plus usual care compared to usual care alone groups at baseline and 6 months for (**A**) double limb support, (**B**) mid-swing elevation, (**C**) gait speed, (**D**) stride length, and (**E**) medial–lateral trunk range of motion; \(\ast\)\(p<0.05\). Figure 2: Single-task and dual-task posture in the Otago Exercise Program (OEP) plus usual care compared to usual care alone groups at baseline and 6 months for (**A**) sway area, (**B**) frequency, (**C**) jerk, and (**D**) sway velocity.