# Blockchain Applications in the Military Domain:
## 4 Results
Research shows the possibility of risks due to unauthorized access or tampering that can compromise an important operation [89]. On the other hand, inherent immutability in blockchain ensures strength in protection if implemented with strong encryption and mechanisms of access control, thus ensuring enhanced security against the growth of cyber threats [65]. This technical characteristic has proven to be especially helpful in maintaining data integrity while enabling secure operations. Energy consumption is one of the biggest challenges, especially regarding traditional consensus mechanisms, like proof of work. Research has shown the efficiency of alternative approaches, such as delegated proof of stake, in resource-constrained environments, with concrete contexts involving drones or battlefield supply chains [91]. Alternative consensus mechanisms have been most effective in maintaining security with optimum energy use in military operations. The interoperability problem is entangled in military supply chain management, especially when coordinating between military units, allied forces, and government agencies. Although blockchain architecture removes the need for a central authority, realizing seamless integration with heterogeneous systems is still a significant technical and operational challenge [84]. Research has shown how effectively blockchain-based frameworks can play a role in enabling multiple stakeholders to share interoperable and secure communications in their military operations [82], with particular use in enhancing coordination capability. Implementation of blockchain technology offers transformative opportunities that will enhance military supply chain management through better asset tracking and real-time visibility. Research has shown the efficiency of blockchain in creating tamper-resistant records that can detect and prevent supply fraud and counterfeiting [89]. The technology is very effective in provenance tracking, ensuring authenticity in military equipment and supplies, which reduces risks associated with the use of counterfeit parts in critical applications [86]. Smart contract implementation presents significant opportunities for automating supply chain procedures, demonstrating effectiveness in reducing administrative overhead and minimizing human error. Research shows that smart contracts can streamline procurement processes, enhancing efficiency while ensuring consistent policy application across military logistics networks [68]. The technology demonstrates effectiveness in maintaining operational consistency while reducing manual intervention requirements. The blockchain-based authentication method has huge potential to secure unmanned vehicles and components of the supply chain by allowing access to authorized people to critical systems [92]. The technology has a decentralized nature, enabling resilience against disruptions, such as cyberattacks and natural disasters; research has shown that a blockchain system remains operational, even in cases when parts of its network are compromised [85]. The sharding-enabled approach is particularly effective in ensuring the continuity of the supply chain in hostile environments where nodes may be destroyed or damaged [61]. The technology enables the military units and allied forces to share data efficiently and securely, enhancing coordination in complex supply chain operations. Research has shown how blockchain's transparency and auditability enhance stakeholder collaboration while maintaining strict access controls over sensitive information [60]. This capability is particularly effective in balancing operational transparency with security requirements. These challenges are emerging and require further investigation and development, especially in resource-constrained scenarios, such as drone operations, where batteries are limited. Research underlines the need for blockchain implementations that are optimized toward low energy consumption while being secure [66].