# Future Generation 5G Wireless Networks for Smart Grid: A Comprehensive Review
## 3 5G Networks--Outlook  
The 5G networks stand for fifth generation mobile technology and can outperform earlier versions of wireless communication technology. The new technology provides diverse abilities and encourages full networking among countries globally [32; 33; 34; 35]. Accordingly, 5G architecture constitutes both licensed and unlicensed frequency bands. In a recent study from 2016, the Federal Communications Communications (FEC) announced the use-case [34] of 60 GHz spectrum with the range of 57 GHz-71 GHz for the unlicensed wireless category. These networks are expected to implement very high service quality. In order to entertain these 5G services [36; 37] for the new generation communication system, different new technologies have been proposed, namely Millimeter wave communication, Hetnets, Massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO), and visual light communication [38].  
The Millimeter wave communication [36; 37] represents a low latency network that is achieved by utilizing underutilized mm wave spectra ranging from 3 GHz to 300 GHz as the carrier frequency. This technology provides very large bandwidth allocation, which can support thousands of folds of area throughput in comparison with the existing 4G systems. With respect to Hetnets technology [38; 39], these are the path changers for 5G networks. This network addresses the need for data requirements as large numbers of small cells that are placed outdoors and indoors. By deploying small base stations, extensive coverage and sufficient improvements in network capacity can be made on a large scale. The needed optimization and maintenance of Hetnets can be easily attained by creating cloud assisted platforms with the stations. Massive MIMO (also known as hyper MIMO) utilizes extensive service antennas by spatial multiplexing [39].  
As this technology helps in concentrating energy into smaller areas, high throughput and efficiency can be readily achieved on a large scale and with great momentum. The new technology for 5G networks is the Visual Light Communication, which began as an alternative communication technique to overcome the limitations of present-day radio frequency [40]. This technology is also called Li-Fi, and optical wireless communication has the advantages of low power, less interference, and very high spatial reuse. These advantages make Li-Fi a pertinent choice for indoor communication in 5G networks in the future. With respect to the need for 5G networks [41; 42; 43] in various applications, prominent core technologies [44] also include the IoT and software defined networks (SDN). There is certain need for services that can be used prominently with cloud-based services, but the cost of investment in these technologies can be higher. Software defined networks [41; 42] use the process of decoupling control and data planes to enable superior programmability, adaptability, and flexibility towards network architectures.  
To achieve better productivity with efficiency, IoT is considered along with a combination of cloud computing services with SDN for the presently evolving technologies in 5G [41; 42] networks. As with past cellular communication, binary coding is a well-established technique by the extended coverage that also improves lost packets. The combination of cellular infrastructure with binary coding can be enhanced in 5G networks, where these can be exclusively used for smart grid communication for broader coverage areas [43].