# Focal Muscle Vibration for Stroke Rehabilitation: A Review of Vibration Parameters and Protocols
## 3 Results
### Search Results
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c} \hline \hline
**Article and** & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Design and Participant**} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{**Outcome Measure**} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{**Results**} \\
**No.** & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Characteristics**} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{**Outcome Measure**} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{**Results**} \\ \hline P1. & **Design:** Single group pre-post & & \\ P1. & **Subjects (u):** 13 & & \\ Kawahira & **Age:** 58.2 \(\pm\) 9.7 & & \\  et al. 2004 & **Stroke type:** Chronic & Gait speed & \begin{tabular}{c} Gait speed improved; \\ Time to walk 10 m: Pre:13.7 \(\pm\) 4.0 s \\ Post: 12.8 \(\pm\) 3.9 s \\ \end{tabular} \\  & **Intervention:** FMV & & \\ \hline P2. & & & \\ P2. & & & \\ P2. & & & \\  et al. 2009 & **Stroke type:** Acute & EMG & \\ & **Hemiplegia, R/L (u):** 8/6 & \begin{tabular}{c} Hist flexor: 2.5 \(\pm\) 0.8; 0.3 \(\pm\) 0.6; 1.4 \\ \(\pm\) 0.9 \\ \end{tabular} \\  & **Design:** Single group pre-post & & \\ & **Subjects (u):** 14 & MAS (Modified & \\ P2. & & & \\  et al. 2009 & **Age:** 57.3 \(\pm\) 19.1 & \\  et al. 2009 & **Stroke type:** Acute & EMG & \\ & **Hemiplegia, R/L (u):** 8/6 & \begin{tabular}{c} Histemigroupograph \\ (Electromyograph) \\ \end{tabular} & \begin{tabular}{c} F-wave amplitude pre, \\ immediately after FMV, and every \\ 5 min post: 593 \(\pm\) 255, 417 \(\pm\) 282, \\ 360 \(\pm\) 234, 366 \(\pm\) 260, 368 \(\pm\) 249, \\ 351 \(\pm\) 238, 366 \(\pm\) 205, 367 \(\pm\) 202 mV \\ \end{tabular} \\  & & & \\  et al. & & & \\ P3. & & & \\  et al. & & \\  et al. & & \\  et al. & & \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular} \begin{tabular}{c} **Design:** RCT (Randomized \\ Control Trial) \\ **Subjects (u):** 44; EG \\ (Experimental Group) 22, CG \\ (Control Group) 22 \\ **Age:** EG 59.5 \(\pm\) 13.3 \\ CG 62.5 \(\pm\) 9.5 \\ **Stroke type:** Chronic \\ **Hemiplegia, R/L (u):** 23/21 \\ **Intervention:** EG- FMV and \\ PT, CG- PT (Physical Therapy) \\ \end{tabular} & \begin{tabular}{c} EG: Improvement in Gait \\ Toe-off on paretic side (\%): \\ 62.6 \(\pm\) 5.8, 59.6 \(\pm\) 5.5 \\ Grid length on normal side: \\ 0.71 \(\pm\) 0.20, 0.82 \(\pm\) 0.18 \\ 0.70 \(\pm\) 0.19, 0.79 \(\pm\) 0.17 \\ Swing velocity normal side: \\ Gait speed: 0.44 \(\pm\) 0.13, 0.53 \(\pm\) 0.13 \\ \end{tabular} \\ \hline P4. & **Design:** Single group pre-post & & \begin{tabular}{c} BBT 20\% less time to complete \\ CSP Significant prolongation in \\ the affected and the healthy flexor \\ carpi radialis muscle. The \\ duration of the CSP was not \\ different between affected and \\ non-affected muscles. \\ \end{tabular} \\ \hline P5. & **Mexoi** & \begin{tabular}{c} **Design:** RCT \\ **Subjects (u):** 30; EG15, CG 15 \\ **Age:** EG 63.6 \(\pm\) 7.6, CG 66.3 \(\pm\) \\ 11 \\ **Stroke type:** Chronic \\ **Hemiplegia, R/L (u):** 17/13 \\ **Intervention:** EG- FMV and \\ PT, CG- PT \\ \end{tabular} & \
\begin{tabular}{c} MMAV (Motor \\ Mao Area and \\ Volume) \\ SICI (Short Interval \\ Intracortical \\ Inhibition) \\ SICF (Short Interval \\ Facilitation) \\ \end{tabular} &
\begin{tabular}{c} EG: \\ Significant reduction in FCR vol. \\ map and increase in EDC. \\ SICI increased in FCR and \\ reduced in EDC. \\ Changes persisted up to 2 weeks \\ after vibration. \\ CG: No significant changes \\ \end{tabular} \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 1: Summary of the study designs, participant characteristics, outcome measures, and results. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c} \hline \hline
**Article and** & **Design and Participant** & **Outcome Measure** & **Results** \\ No. & **Characteristics** & **Outcome Measure** & **Results** \\ \hline P6. [PERSON] & & & Improved EPS \\  & & & The mean absolute distance \\  & & & between hand position and target \\  & **Design:** Single group pre-post & & location at the end of a trial was 3.6 \\  & **Subjects (n):** 10 & EPS (End Point & \(\pm\) 1.2 cm. Stroke survivors had more \\ P6. [PERSON] & **Age:** 54 \(\pm\) 9 & Stability) & success at making medial/lateral \\  & **Stroke type:** Chronic & Muscle activity & than proximal/distal.