## 3 Dataset Analysis
### Authors
Amongst the countries that prefer to have national collaborations rather than international ones, countries such as China, Italy, India, Spain, and South Africa stand out, whereas countries that tend to have more international collaborations than national ones are the United Kingdom, Ireland, the Netherlands, Australia, France, Malaysia, and Pakistan. The map that can be seen in Figure 12 represents the scientific output based on the country of origin. Gray and various nuances of blue are visible in the map below, where a gray color represents a country that had no scientific publications, whereas the intensity of the blue color corresponds to the number of scientific outputs of that specific country. With regard to the intensity of the blue color, a darker shade of blue for a specific country corresponds to a high volume of publications, and a lighter shade of blue describes it as having a low number of scientific studies. Based on the illustration below, it is certain that some specific countries are dominating the research landscape, whereas other countries are contributing in a lower manner to the total number of publications. Notably, China is the country that dominates scientific production, with 215 articles, followed by the United States of America, with 64 articles, indicating the importance that these countries have in the context of global research. Figure 12: Scientific production based on country. In the context of the countries that had the most citations, Figure 13 showcases the first 20 of them. It can be easily observed that the most cited country is Vietnam, with 614, closely followed by China, with 595 citations, and Portugal, with 532 citations, suggesting that these are the countries that are the most impactful with regard to the scientific landscape of the subject matter, AI applications in local and regional studies. Among other notable countries that greatly contribute to the area of study, there are Italy, with 299 citations, Iran, with 289 citations, and the United States of America, with 255 citations. The country collaboration map can be conceptualized as the frequency of collaboration that exists between different pairs of countries. Specifically, a key point in this regard is to examine the countries that are collaborating most frequently and the context in which these countries collaborate. According to Figure 14, the following observations can be made:  
* Amongst European countries, only Germany, Italy, Spain, and the United Kingdom tend to collaborate with each other;
* Asian countries, such as China or Vietnam, frequently collaborated with European countries, like Italy, Romania, or the United Kingdom;
* The most notable countries that are situated in the same region and collaborate with each other are Germany and Italy, China and India, and Vietnam and Iran;
* With regard to collaborations between countries that have different cultural perspectives, being located in different regions, the most significant links are between China and the United States of America, and China and Australia;
* The most intense collaborations that can be seen in our analysis are represented by the links between the United States of America and China or the United Kingdom, and Vietnam and Iran. Therefore, the collaboration map that can be seen below may suggest common interests or areas of research between the involved countries, emphasizing the existing network of researchers. If the color of a country is darker, we can conclude that it has a higher number of collaborations compared to those whose color is light. As we could expect from the rest of the elements studied up to this point, the highest number of collaborations in the analyzed field comes from China, with a total number of 40 collaborations, of which 5 were with the United Kingdom, 3 were with India, and 2 each were with Australia, Egypt, Iran, Pakistan, Netherlands, the United States of America, and Yemen. The United States  
Figure 13: Top 20 countries with the most citations. Figure 14: Country collaboration map.