# Improvement of 5G Transportation Services with SDN-Based Security Solutions and beyond 5G
## 7 Conclusions and Future Work  
In this improvement, emerging technology such as SDN plays an important role in the transportation system's 5G-based infrastructure, which relies on evolving user requirements such as latency and EE. In this research paper, energy-efficient framework, data traffic measurements influenced to transportation services, and management of transportation services are considered. According to [46], SDN was tested with different networks to improve the data traffic measurements, such as delay and data rate. Using these SDN tests with the 5G network, we finalized the latency and EE results as in Figures 6 and 7. These results confirm that the framework's design supports improving the transportation services with emerging technology such as SDN. Despite the ADV, VCS, and ITS, the improvements of the 5G+ transportation system can be extended from the 5G based framework.  
This theoretical research proposed a flexible framework with the SDN based on the 5G network for analyzing future transportation services. This framework allows the service provider to add emerging technologies whenever the ADV or electrical vehicles need some upgrading with new services and features. SDN based on 5G+ can be considered for future ADV, VCS, and ITS in future transportation systems. This framework can be used as the legacy framework of future developments.  
The network traffic performance is measured for analyzing the data of transportation services, such as the traffic status of the vehicle users. Using [46], all results are obtainedas in Figure 4, which proves that improvements in traffic performance will enhance the transportation services, including VCS.  
We studied and introduced the novel QoS prediction techniques that enhance the proposed framework's strength and other measurement facilities. Optimizing measurements and managing potential and future data traffic can enhance the QoS. In this research, the improvement of EE will prove that we can improve the QoS of the future ITS and transportations services.  
In future work, minimum energy consumption and maximum security is the biggest challenge because ADV and electric vehicles need more security, which consumes more energy. This flexible framework will be developed using an efficient tool for analyzing real-time data traffic problems related to transportation services. Although we completed the preliminary testing with the 5G, we will extend the test for 5G+ and emerging networks such as 5G+ based on SDN. Further, dynamic energy will allow us to develop a system, which can transfer energy wirelessly. In addition, future electric cars should be recharge-able wirelessly while we drive. As [PERSON] et al. [7] suggested in their survey paper, harvesting energy through Ionosphere science and photonics technology will be possible for charging and recharging the future electric vehicles and their communication devices or systems of the public services, including future transportation services.  
Conceptualization, A.A. and V.T.; Formal analysis, A.A. and V.T.; Funding acquisition, A.A.; Investigation, A.A. and V.T.; Methodology, V.T.; Validation, A.A. and V.T.; Writing--original draft, A.A. and V.T.; Writing--review & editing, A.A. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.  
This study was funded by King Abdulaziz University.  
This work was supported by the Deanship of Scientific Research (DSR), King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, under grant no. (D-164-611-1439). The authors, therefore, gratefully acknowledge the DSR technical and financial support.  
The authors declare no conflict of interest.