## 4 Discussion
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c} \hline \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**Variables**} & **Pre-Test** & **Post-Test** & **Difference** & \multirow{2}{*}{\(\mathbf{p}\)} \\ \cline{3-5}  & **M \(\pm\) SD** & **M \(\pm\) SD** & **M \(\pm\) SD** & \\ \hline Self-efficacy \({}^{\text{a}}\) & 3.7 \(\pm\) 2.3 & 4.4 \(\pm\) 2.0 & \(-\)0.7 \(\pm\) 2.3 & 0.051 \\ Nutrition knowledge \({}^{\text{b}}\) & 13.6 \(\pm\) 1.7 & 14.6 \(\pm\) 2.2 & \(-\)0.9 \(\pm\) 2.2 & 0.015 \({}^{\text{a}}\) \\ Overall \({}^{\text{a}}\) & 65.6 \(\pm\) 14.3 & 68.2 \(\pm\) 14.1 & \(-\)2.7 \(\pm\) 11.9 & 0.123 \\ Physical functioning \({}^{\text{b}}\) & 84.8 \(\pm\) 13.8 & 85.9 \(\pm\) 16.3 & \(-\)1.1 \(\pm\) 17.6 & 0.200 \\ Physical role \({}^{\text{b}}\) & 73.5 \(\pm\) 26.2 & 79.6 \(\pm\) 26.4 & \(-\)6.1 \(\pm\) 26.3 & 0.095 \\ Emotional role \({}^{\text{b}}\) & 74.2 \(\pm\) 35.5 & 76.2 \(\pm\) 34.0 & \(-\)2.0 \(\pm\) 32.2 & 0.563 \\ Vitality \({}^{\text{a}}\) & 43.6 \(\pm\) 18.5 & 47.7 \(\pm\) 18.4 & \(-\)4.1 \(\pm\) 16.3 & 0.086 \\ Mental health \({}^{\text{b}}\) & 57.9 \(\pm\) 18.2 & 60.1 \(\pm\) 17.2 & \(-\)2.2 \(\pm\) 16.3 & 0.278 \\ Social functioning \({}^{\text{b}}\) & 62.2 \(\pm\) 20.0 & 65.8 \(\pm\) 17.8 & \(-\)3.6 \(\pm\) 21.5 & 0.206 \\ Bodily pain \({}^{\text{a}}\) & 64.8 \(\pm\) 21.4 & 65.8 \(\pm\) 24.1 & \(-\)1.0 \(\pm\) 28.9 & 0.806 \\ General health \({}^{\text{a}}\) & 47.8 \(\pm\) 14.3 & 49.3 \(\pm\) 16.7 & \(-\)1.5 \(\pm\) 16.1 & 0.508 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}  
* * Statistical significance (\(p<0.05\)). \({}^{\text{a}}\) Comparison was performed using paired \(t\)-test; \({}^{\text{b}}\) Comparison was performed using Wilcoxon signed-rank test.  
\end{table} 
Table 5: Pre- and post-effectiveness evaluation of web-based nutrition education. education through the mobile health program was effective. The educational materials were produced as news cards, which reorganized topical education into images and simple text to increase readability, and experts applied evidence-based, accurate, and up-to-date content to provide reliable education to the participants. In addition, a chatbot was used to answer questions regarding the educational materials quickly. Previous studies on patients with obesity have shown that the IMB model and mobile health-based nutrition interventions effectively improve self-management knowledge [30]. This study demonstrated that nutrition interventions using a mobile health program based on the IMB model, tailored to the individual symptoms and characteristics of the participants, are an effective strategy to improve the nutrition knowledge of the participants by utilizing the advantages of mobile accessibility, convenience, and sustainability. The analysis of self-efficacy in this study did not show a significant difference after the intervention. However, when we analyzed the self-efficacy of 35 participants who had no experience with nutrition education or dietary modifications, we found a significant increase in self-efficacy after the education. This finding is consistent with previous intervention studies that have reported a significant increase in self-efficacy using IMB-model-based mobile health programs for patients with chronic diseases [15; 30]. However, the lack of a significant increase in self-efficacy when participants with previous nutrition education or dietary modification experience were included may be explained by [PERSON] [35]: experiences of achievement in the past increase self-efficacy, and it is possible that participants with previous nutrition education or dietary interventions did not experience improvements in IBS symptoms. Therefore, they are less likely to benefit from direct education. In the satisfaction survey conducted in this study, the average score was 4.42 \(\pm\) 0.49 out of 5, indicating high overall satisfaction with web-based nutrition education content, particularly in the areas of accuracy and clarity of content.