# The Role of Transliterated Words in Linking Bilingual News Articles in an Archive
## 3 Similarity Measure Based on Transliteration Words
### Role of Transliteration Words
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{p{42.7 pt} p{42.7 pt} p{42.7 pt} p{42.7 pt} p{42.7 pt} p{42.7 pt} p{42.7 pt} p{42.7 pt}} \hline \hline  & & \multicolumn{3}{c}{**News Articles**} & \multicolumn{3}{c}{**Similarity Observed**} \\ \hline
**No.** & \begin{tabular}{c} **News** \\ **Articles/Set** \\ \end{tabular} & **Sets** & \begin{tabular}{c} **Urdu** \\ **Articles** \\ \end{tabular} & **English** & **Sources** & \begin{tabular}{c} **During** \\ **Selection** \\ \end{tabular} & \
\begin{tabular}{c} **Proposed** \\ **Measures** \\ \end{tabular} &
\begin{tabular}{c} **Results** \\ **Observed** \\ \end{tabular} \\ \hline
1 & 4 & 3 & 1 & 3 & 3 & Yes & Yes & Yes \\ \hline
2 & 10 & 2 & 5 & 5 & 5 & Yes & Yes \\ \hline
3 & 20 & 1 & 10 & 10 & 5 & Yes & Yes & Yes \\ \hline
\begin{tabular}{c} 282 \\ (One Day) \\ \end{tabular} & 2 & 152 & 130 & 4 & No & Yes & Yes \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 3: Datasets Overview Bilingual News Articles. * **A set of 282 news articles** is used to observe the overall effects of the proposed similarity measure. The news is extracted from two online television broadcasters, i.e., Geo and Samaa news, in both the English and Urdu language. The collection contains one hundred and fifty-two (152) Urdu news articles and one hundred and thirty (130) English news articles from the general pool. The set of news articles used for empirical evaluation is summarized in Table 5.

## 4 SMTW Evaluation

It is observed that native speakers of the Urdu language use many English transliteration words frequently in both written scripts and in the spoken language. The \"Common Ratio Measure for Dual Languages (CRMDL)\" is a team-based approach, which was modified to a \"Similarity Measure based on Transliteration Words (SMTW)\" to improve dual lingual linking accuracy among news articles in the DNSA. The proposed technique was analyzed and compared with the CRMDL empirically via datasets presented in Table 3.

### Results

The similarity was computed by implementing the SMTW and was analyzed vigorously to assess the worth of the proposed approach. The common ratio CT/TT shows reliable and promising results as compared to the UT/TT common ratio and, hence, was included for evaluation. The results of twenty news article sets highlighted for the SMTW are presented in Table 6 below. The proposed similarity measure of the SMTW shows encouraging results for all Urdu news articles by comparing relevant English news articles. The results of each Urdu news \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c} \hline \hline
**Type of News** & **News Articles** & **News Articles** & **About** \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{Sports News} & 3 & 1, 6, 10 & PSL, Cricket \\  & 2 & 7, 9 & WI tour, Teams announcement \\  & 1 & 5 & ICC president resign \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{General News} & 3 & 2, 6, 8 & COAS, Army \\  & 1 & 3 & [PERSON] travel ban \\  & 1 & 4 & MQM leader \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 4: Overview: 20 news article dataset in dual languages. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c} \hline \hline
**Urdu Article** & \(\
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article were ranked and comprehensively compared to observe the effectiveness of the English transliteration words used in the Urdu news articles. The results presented in Table 7 showed the effectiveness of the SMTW for linking Urdu-to-English news articles for individual broadcasting sources. The first column \"Rank\" in the table represents the similarity rank of each similar news article in the dataset, the second column represents news labels that use acronyms to use limited space efficiently, the third column presents the SMTW value, and the fourth column represents the common terms among Urdu and English news articles. The precision and recall evaluation matrices were computed to analyze the accuracy of the SMTW measure. The experimental results were obtained from a one-day dataset which contained two hundred and eighty two (282) news articles extracted from four news sources.