# Smart Sensors and Smart Data for Precision Agriculture: A Review
###### Abstract
The search criteria are based on the TAK (Title, Abstract, and Keywords) approach [52], focusing on the keywords \"sensor\" and \"precision agriculture\". Scientific articles were matched based on the specific context of greenhouses, excluding those related to general agriculture or other irrelevant applications for this review. The dataset comprises 1282 records distributed across publication years from 2018 to 2023. Notably, 2022 stands out with the highest record count at 20%, indicating a recent emphasis on publications from that year. The years 2021, 2020, and 2019 closely follow, with record percentages ranging from 16% to 17%, showcasing a consistent trend in recent years (Figure 2). Conversely, previous years exhibit diminishing record counts, with 2018 contributing the least at 14%. This analysis underscores a temporal evolution in the dataset, highlighting a concentration of records in recent years and a gradual decline in earlier publication years, as shown in the following figure. In this review, 99 articles, spanning various categories and concentrated in recent years, were selected. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{p{113.8 pt} p{113.8 pt} p{113.8 pt}} \hline \hline
**IoT Platform** & **Application** & **Reference** \\ \hline Phytoprove (2019) & Develop tools for early, rapid, and non-destructive determination of the nitrogen and water supply status of plants. & [[https://phytoprove.com/](https://phytoprove.com/)]([https://phytoprove.com/](https://phytoprove.com/)) (accessed on 1 March 2024) \\ \hline Telemetry2u & Provides an integrated hardware and software system for measuring integrated temperature and irrigation control. & [[https://telemetry2u.com/](https://telemetry2u.com/)]([https://telemetry2u.com/](https://telemetry2u.com/)) (accessed on 1 March 2024) \\ \hline Sensoterra & Provides an integrated hardware and software system for measuring soil moisture. & [[https://www.sensoterra.com/](https://www.sensoterra.com/)]([https://www.sensoterra.com/](https://www.sensoterra.com/)) (accessed on 1 March 2024) \\ \hline Cropx (2013) & Offers an integrated hardware and software system designed for the precise measurement of electrical conductivity, soil moisture, and temperature. & [[https://cropx.com/](https://cropx.com/)]([https://cropx.com/](https://cropx.com/)) (accessed on 1 March 2024) \\ \hline ONFARM & Easily accessible critical information can be viewed in the office or on the go through a user-friendly dashboard. & [[https://www.onfarm.co/](https://www.onfarm.co/)]([https://www.onfarm.co/](https://www.onfarm.co/)) (accessed on 1 March 2024) \\ \hline Phytech & Optimizing irrigation through data-driven insights for enhanced plant health and resource management. & [[https://www.phytech.com/](https://www.phytech.com/)]([https://www.phytech.com/](https://www.phytech.com/)) (accessed on 1 March 2024) \\ \hline Semios (2020) & Tool for enhancing yields by providing real-time assessments and responses to insect activity, disease, and overall plant health conditions. & [[https://semios.com/](https://semios.com/)]([https://semios.com/](https://semios.com/)) (accessed on 1 March 2024) \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 1: Examples of the platforms available for Smart Agriculture. Figure 2: Annual publications indexed in Web of Science during the period 2018–2023. The data also present a distribution of record counts across different countries or regions, with the United States (USA) having the highest record count, constituting 19% of the total, followed by the People's Republic of China with 14%, and India with 13%. Italy, Brazil, and Spain also contribute significantly, with 10%, 8%, and 7%, respectively (Figure 3). The top countries show a diverse representation, indicating a global perspective in the dataset. The remaining countries each contribute varying percentages, with smaller contributions from several nations. The data also illustrates the distribution of record counts across different publication titles, totaling 1282 records.