making antenna dielectric layers, printed circuit boards (PCBs), cables, and radomes [4]. Low \(\varepsilon_{r}\) and low loss factor (\(\delta\)) are crucial for aircraft radomes, weather radar protection, and other aerospace applications [5]. Reinforcement, matrix, and interface phases make up most composite materials which have benefits of high specific strength, high specific modulus, and great designability [6]. Different manufacturing techniques for reinforced composites include hand lay-up, filament winding, molding, pultrusion, melt mixing, and other molding processes [7]. Wave transmission performance is mostly assessed by the dielectric constant (\(\varepsilon_{r}\)) and dielectric loss factor (\(\delta\)) of the composite material [8]. The \(\varepsilon_{r}\) determines the dielectric or polarization of the composite, which is the capacitance ratio of the same size capacitor with dielectrics under vacuum. The \(\delta\) defines the portion of EM waves that is consumed during its transmission through the material or medium [9]. Relation between the total dielectric loss value (\(\alpha\)) of EM wave transmitted in the medium [10] is given by Equation (1):  
\[\alpha={\varepsilon_{r}}^{1/2}\times f\times tan\delta \tag{1}\]  
where \(\varepsilon_{r}\) = dielectric constant, \(f\) = frequency, and \(tan\delta\) = dielectric loss tangent. The mechanism of EM transmission is shown in Figure 1. Dielectric characteristics can significantly and directly impact the performance of electronic devices by resistance-capacitance (RC) delay and crosstalk noise [11]. Stable dielectric materials are characterized by minimal variation in \(\varepsilon_{r}\), a low \(\delta\), high breakdown strength [12], and mechanical and thermal stability [13]. Equation (2) indicates the relationship between the signal delay time and the losses which is:  
\[t_{d}=\frac{l+\sqrt{\varepsilon_{r}}}{c} \tag{2}\]  
where \"\(\varepsilon_{r}\)\" is the relative permittivity, \"\(c\)\" is the speed of light, \"\(l\)\" is the transmission distance, and \"\(t_{d}\)\" is the signal delay time. Reflection of EM waves mainly occurs at the interface between the medium and air. Impedance matching theory describes that when the \(\varepsilon_{r}\) of material is higher, there would be more EM wave reflection, thus reducing the transmission efficiency of electromagnetic waves [14]. The losses occur due to the polarization process of the medium in the external electric field due to EM wave energy loss [15]. Radome materials provide hindrance to electromagnetic waves [16] by reflection and absorption which cause energy loss, resulting in a reduction in communication performance [17]. Furthermore, apart from dielectric properties, many other requirements must be satisfied before the use of polymer materials in high-speed communications [18]. Important requirements include mechanical properties, moisture uptake, adhesion to substrate materials, and chemical and thermal stability [19]. Low \(\varepsilon_{r}\) polymers that can be used in high-speed communication equipment [18] includes polyimides, bismaleimide, epoxy, phenolic, poly(benzoxazole), poly(arylether), poly(tetrafluoroethylene), and polyester resin [18] which allow us to make customized shapes of radomes with good performances [19; 20]. Epoxy resins are potentially and economically more appealing [20] for preparing low  
Figure 1: Mechanism of electromagnetic wave transmission. and \(\delta\) composites [21] as they have the least impact on signal transmission [16]. However, above ambient conditions, their properties can deviate due to their dimensional instability [22] which limits their use in radomes at higher service temperatures [23]. For longer service life applications, there are several challenges for polymeric composite radomes including variations in dielectric properties [10], a lower mechanical integrity, and thermal instability [24]. Besides their dielectric properties, they require reasonable mechanical and thermal strength, durability, a long service life, and low cost [25].