## 1 Introduction  
The presence of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in foodstuffs raises concerns globally because they are toxic, carcinogenic, and tend to bioaccumulate in living organisms [1, 2]. These compounds are classified as xenobiotics that have similar physicochemical properties, such as hydrophobicity, low degradability (especially PCBs), and lipophilicity. According to the US Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA), 16 PAHs are classified as priority pollutants because of their prevalence and carcinogenicity [3]. In addition to carcinogens, such as benzo[a]pyrene (BaP), the EPA list includes the most common hydrocarbons, including naphthalene (Na). The EU 15 +1 PAH list was created in the European Union, and legislation focuses only on PAHs that are confirmed to be highly carcinogenic and mutagenic, regardless of their prevalence [4, 5]. PAHs can damage DNA structures, cause chromosomal mutations, and increase the risk of childhood leukemia [6]. PAH content in unprocessed food derives mainly from environmental pollution, and their occurrence in fruits results from the deposition of PAH particles on plants and their absorption through the cuticle [7]. The result is the constant presence of these compounds in fruits and other edible parts of plants, which is a fundamental problem in many countries worldwide [8, 9]. According to the EPA, PCBs can affect animal immune, reproductive, nervous, and endocrine systems. The regulation of all of these systems in the body is complex and interrelated. Non-dioxin-like PCBs (ndl-PCBs) can disrupt thyroid hormone homeostasis [10] and decrease total and free thyroxine (T4) concentrations [11; 12; 13]. There are two groups of PCB compounds, the first one includes 12 congeners with similar structures and toxicological profiles to tetrachloro-dibenzo-para-dioxins (TCDD), which are known as dioxin-like PCBs (dl-PCBs). Their effects are similar to those of dioxins, including carcinogenicity, immunotoxicity, and neurotoxicity. The second group includes congeners that do not have dioxin-like properties, but which exhibit other toxic properties (ndl-PCBs) [14]. Ndl-PCB congeners have neurotoxic effects that, inter alia, inhibit tyrosine hydroxylase, an enzyme necessary for the synthesis of the neurotransmitter dopamine, or that disrupt calcium homeostasis in the nervous system [15; 16; 17]. The widespread use of PCBs in industry, especially in electrical engineering, has resulted in their widespread occurrence in aquatic and terrestrial environments. In aquatic environments, PCBs accumulate in the bodies of fishes, crustaceans, and other animals, and their bioaccumulation coefficients range from several to tens of thousands [18]. DI-PCBs are currently recognized as carcinogenic compounds [19]. Consequently, the tolerable weekly intake (TWI) value has been lowered significantly from 14 to 2 pg-TEQ/kg bw/week [2]. Qualitative and quantitative analyses of PCBs and PAHs require many stages of sample preparation, including extracting the compounds to be tested from the matrix (e.g., food) and cleanup with large amounts of toxic organic solvents [20; 21]. Thus, a more ecological, economical approach would be to develop rapid analyses that permit the simultaneous determination of many different groups of compounds. The quantitative analysis of these compounds, however, is a difficult task, because they occur in very diverse concentrations, from very low for PCBs (ng:g\({}^{-1}\)) to relatively high for PAHs (ug\(\cdot\)g\({}^{-1}\)), which can result in some compounds masking the presence of others [22]. PCBs and PAHs are mainly analyzed using methods such as gas chromatography (GC) and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), which are most often coupled with mass spectrometry (MS) [9; 23; 24]. Preparing food samples for chromatographic analysis requires the following:  
* Solvent extraction using polar and non-polar solvents that are selected depending on the physicochemical properties of the compounds analyzed [25; 26; 27].