## Category III: System Optimization
### Other Benefits Maximization  
In addition to the cost and social welfare, there are many other performance indicators that need optimization.  
In [145], an optimal charging scheduling scheme is proposed for electric vehicles by using Nondominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm (NSGA), which can maximize user satisfaction and minimize cost based on a double-objective optimization model. A novel process and an incentive mechanism are proposed to coordinate, allocate and settle energy transactions in [102], which allow producers to choose their preferred pricing strategy to maximize profits while keeping consumer costs to a minimum. There are many published studies achieving these two goals. For example, the market premium or discount based on the market price one day in advance [9], an extensible framework consisting of two independent nonlinear programming models for the coordination of residential load [80], and the pricing mechanism of the intermediate market interest rate proposed in [107].  
There are also performance optimizations using game theory methods, for example, to solve the problem of energy management, [PERSON] et al. [146] for the first time used the shared facility controller to play an uncooperative Stackelberg game between the residential and the shared facility controller. The cost minimization and benefit maximization can be achieved. On this basis, [PERSON] et al. [147] proposed a completely distributed energy trading mechanism, in which the seller needs to weigh the satisfaction of income and energy storage. The buyer needs to make a bid to track the seller's behavior, and the Stackelberg game is used to solve the case with multiple leaders and multiple followers, so as to realize the maximization of all micro-grid benefits. To maximize the utility of the operator, a method based on the contract theory is proposed to analyze the optimal contract, which can meet the individual energy consumption preference of electric vehicles and maximize the utility of the operator [93]. The two-stage Stackelberg game is used to maximize the benefits of cloud computing services and miners in a consensus process in [105].  
There is also a common mode to maximize the benefits of system users by formulating appropriate auction mechanism. In [90], distributed controllers and centralized auctions are used to perform market clearing. The maximum welfare of market users can be ensured without the need for user's personal information.  
For a progressive summary, in Table 2, we assess some existing energy projects and summarize whether they address the challenges mentioned in the three sections above.  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c c c} \hline \hline  & **High Efficiency** & **Low Cost** & **Privacy Protection** & **Real-Time Communication** & **Incentive Mechanism** & **Eco-Friendly** & **Energy Cerification** & **User-Benefit** \\ \hline Sunchain [45] & ✓ & ✓ & & & & ✓ & ✓ & \\ \hline Power ledger [46] & ✓ & ✓ & & ✓ & & & ✓ & \\ \hline
1-NUK [48] & & & ✓ & ✓ & ✓ & ✓ & ✓ & ✓ \\ \hline Pylon Network [68] & & & ✓ & & & ✓ & ✓ & ✓ \\ \hline TalMark [69] & & & & & ✓ & & & \\ \hline Grintstorm(s)ton [69] & ✓ & & & ✓ & ✓ & & ✓ & \\ \hline Power-ID [47] & ✓ & & & & ✓ & & ✓ & \\ \hline NRCoin [75] & ✓ & & & ✓ & ✓ & & ✓ & \\ \hline Energy [44] & ✓ & ✓ & & ✓ & ✓ & ✓ & & \\ \hline SolarCoin [70] & & & & ✓ & ✓ & ✓ & ✓ & ✓ \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}
Table 2: Energy project assessment.