# Chemical Migration from Wine Contact Materials
## 6 Wine Analysis Studies on Potential Migrating Substances
of sample and 0.2 g of NaCl. Local procedures & **GC-MS Column:** HP-5 30-3000 NIST5 mass spectral features & DBP & 0.71-20.8 ug/L & 0.07 ug/L (DBP) \\ _Stillings-used wt._ & & & & & \\ \hline
**Portified wines 18\%, (v/o = 10)** & **HS\(-\)SPME:** PDMS/DWB fiber-2 ml. of sample and 0.2 g of NaCl. Local procedures & **GC-MS Column:** HP-5 30-3000 NIST5 mass spectral features & DBP & 0.71-20.8 ug/L & 0.03 ug/L (DBP) \\ _Stillings-used wt._ & & & & & \\ \hline
**Portified wines 18\%, (v/o = 10)** & **HS\(-\)SPME:** PDMS/DWB fiber-2 ml. of sample and 0.2 g of NaCl. Local procedures & **GC-MS Column:** HP-5 30-3000 NIST5 mass spectral features & DBP & 0.71-20.8 ug/L & 0.07 ug/L (DBP) \\ _Stillings-used wt._ & & & & & \\ \hline
**Portified wines 18\%, (v/o = 10)** & **HS\(-\)SPME:** PDMS/DWB fiber-2 ml. of sample and 0.2 g of NaCl. Local procedures & **GC-MS Column:** HP-5 30-3000 NIST5 mass spectral features & DBP & 0.71-20.8 ug/L & 0.03 ug/L (DBP) \\ _Stillings-used wt._ & & & & & \\ \hline
**Portified wines 18\%, (v/o = 10)** & **HS\(-\)SPME:** PDMS/DWB fiber-2 ml. of sample and 0.2 g of NaCl. Local procedures & DBP & 0.71-20.8 ug/L & 0.07 ug/L (DBP) \\ _Stillings-used wt._ & & & & & \\ \hline
**Portified wines 18\%, (v/o = 10)** & **HS\(-\)SPME:** PDMS/DWB fiber-2 ml. of sample and 0.2 g of NaCl. Local procedures & DBP & 0.71-20.8 ug/L & 0.03 ug/L (DBP) \\ _Stillings-used wt._ & & & & & \\ \hline
**Portified wines 18\%, (v/o = 10)** & **HS\(-\)SPME:** PDMS/DWB fiber-2 ml. of sample and 0.2 g of NaCl. Local procedures & DBP & 0.71-20.8 ug/L & 0.07 ug/L (DBP) \\ _Stillings-used wt._ & & & & & \\ \hline
**Portified wines 18\%, (v/o = 10)** & **HS\(-\)SPME:** PDMS/DWB fiber-2 ml. of sample and 0.2 g of NaCl. Local procedures & DBP & 0.71-20.8 ug/L & 0.03 ug/L (DBP) \\ _Stillings-used wt._ & & & & & \\ \hline
**Portified wines 18\%, (v/o = 10)** & **HS\(-\)SPME:** PDMS/DWB fiber-2 ml. of sample and 0.2 g of NaCl. Local procedures & DBP & 0.71-20.8 ug/L & 0.07 ug/L (DBP) \\ _Stillings-used wt._ & & & & & & \\ \hline
**Portified wines 18\%, (v/o = 10)** & **HS\(-\)SPME:** PDMS/DWB fiber-2 ml. ofPhthalates are a group of additives that raise concern, and their occurrence in wine has been investigated in several studies [77; 78; 79]. In particular, phthalates have been determined in wine samples packaged in aseptic plastic laminate paperboard cartons (tetrapacks) by GC-MS after QuEChERS extraction with acetonitrile [77], in a significant number of market-ready French wine samples by GC-MS after liquid-liquid extraction with isohexane [78], and in table wines processed and stored in stainless steel vats and in fortified wines matured in oak casks by GC-MS after HS-SPME with PDMS/DVB fibers [79]. Dibutyl phthalate (DBP) was the compound most frequently detected with the highest concentrations up to 2.212 mg/kg [79], while BBP, DEHP, and DOP (di-n-octyl phthalate) were reported to be detected, and quantified [77; 78; 79]. The origin of the phthalates is not clear since from the very beginning of the winemaking until bottling and storage, the raw materials, the intermediate must, and the final product are coming into contact with a variety of materials like vats, pipes, tanks, and hoses coated with epoxy resin. A study of various materials frequently present in wineries revealed that a relatively large number of polymers sometimes contained high concentrations of phthalates. However, the epoxy resin coatings used on vats represented the major source of contamination [78]. Other additives that have been determined in wine and correlated with food contact materials are BPA in wine packaged in PET bottles with aluminum caps [35], as well as in wine packaged in aseptic plastic laminate paperboard cartons (tetrapacks) [77]. The later study also determined the alkylphenol OP and DEHA [77]. Furthermore, the ink photoinitiators benzophenone, 2-isopropylthioxanthone (ITX), and 1-hydroxycyclohexyl-1-phenyl ketone have been determined in wine samples of polycoupled carton packaging by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry [80].