## 3 Results and Discussion
### Analysis of Electrical Results  
#### 3.2.1 Comparison of Conductivities and Loss Tangent (Tg of \(\delta\))  
For compounds with GTR contents (at 30 \({}^{\circ}\)C), the PA samples are the most conductive of the samples analyzed (see Figure 8a). With the increase in GTR, the conductive behavior of the samples, in most of the cases analyzed, is increased up to two orders of magnitude for pure PA. From 0-5%, the conductive behavior is more heterogeneous, the PS and PP being the least conductive. For pure PS and PP, at 50 Hz there are some conductivities of \(10^{-13}\) and \(10^{-11}\)S/ cm. For 70% GTR, the PS is revealed as the most insulating material (\(10^{-14}\)S/ cm) followed by ABS, for which, at industrial frequency (50 Hz), is observed a conductivity of \(10^{-10}\)S/ cm. For pure PVC (0% GTR), the most resistive without GTR are HDPE, PS, and PP, followed by EVA, PVC, and ABS, and finally the PA is found as the least resistive. Thus it is observed that with the addition of the GTR, the conductive behavior of almost all polymers tends to converge, except for the case of the PA, which remains two orders of magnitude above the rest of the polymers analyzed, that is, for the 40-50%, PA: \(4.95\times 10^{-13}\) and \(1.73\times 10^{-12}\)S/cm, and for the rest of the polymers, \(10^{-15}\)S/ cm, and in the case of ABS and PS, for the 40% of GTR, they reach conductivities of \(1.05\times 10^{-14}\) and \(1.32\times 10^{-14}\)S/cm, respectively. These results can be interpreted as worse electrical behavior composites than others' experiences with carbon black (CB) [28; 29]. Observing the Tangent (Tg) of \(\delta\) analyzed for the case of the seven polymers + GTR (see Figure 8b), the material with the highest tangent of delta is polyamide, which without additives of GTR presents values of \(10^{-1}\), and it is deduced that the addition of GTR affects the Tg of \(\delta\) in this case, since it increases an order of magnitude the Tangent of \(\delta\). Thus the materials with smaller Tg of \(\delta\) are the PP, HDPE, EVA, and PS (0.001); they are followed by PVC and ABS (0.01), and finally with greater Tg of delta is the PA (0.1). For increases of the proportion of GTR, this ratio changes, tending to converge  
Figure 8: (**a**) Electrical conductivity (S/cm), (**b**) Loss Tangent (Tan \(\delta\)) for different polymers/GTR concentrations and particle size <200 \(\upmu\)m, and frequency fixed at 50 Hz and 30\({}^{\circ}\). \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{l c c c c} \hline \hline
**Polymer** & **Young’s Modulus (MPa)** & **Tensile Strength (MPa)** &
\begin{tabular}{c} **Elongation** \\ **at Break (\%)** \\ \end{tabular} & **Toughness (J)** \\ \hline _PVC/GTR_ & 3028.89 (0\%GTR) & 35.75 (0\%GTR) & **6.31 (5\%GTR)** & **1.31 (5\%GTR)** \\ _EVA/GTR_ & **41.67 (10\%GTR)** & 23.08 (0\%GTR) & 704.6 (0\%GTR) & 72.32 (0\%GTR) \\ _HDPE/GTR_ & **1300.11 (5\%GTR)** & **25.51 (5\%GTR)** & 50 (0\%GTR) & 7 (0\%GTR) \\ _PP/GTR_ & 1368.65 (0\%GTR) & 29.9 (0\%GTR) & 346.71 (0\%GTR) & 64.22 (0\%GTR) \\ _ABS/GTR_ & 2522.37 (0\%GTR) & 44.98 (0\%GTR) & 32.91 (0\%GTR) & 9.9 (0\%GTR) \\ _PA/GTR_ & 2841.47 (0\%GTR) & 50.41 (0\%GTR) & **8.46 (70\%GTR)** & **1.09 (50\%GTR)** \\ PS/GTR & **2235.42 (10\%GTR)** & 38.89 (0\%GTR) & 66.27 (0\%GTR) & 0.20 (0\%GTR) \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular} In bold you can check which composites improve with the addition of GTR.  
\end{table} 
Table 3: Highest values of each property analyzed, and the composite regarded (size particle of GTR <200 \(\upmu\)m). all the polymers in Tangent of delta 10\({}^{-1}\) and with few variations with the increase of temperature, with the exception of PVC and of the PA. The general tendency is to increase the value of the Tg of \(\delta\) with increases in temperature. The polyamide experiences strong increases in the Tg of \(\delta\) with the temperature in percentages of GTR of 40-70% and goes from Tg of delta from 0.1 to 10. In low concentrations of GTR, the Tg of \(\delta\) is heterogeneous and as GTR is added, the behavior begins to be assimilated.