# Comprehensive Survey on VLC in E-Healthcare: Channel Coding Schemes and Modulation Techniques
## 7 Conclusions  
This paper presents a study on VLC technology, its development, modulation, and channel coding techniques, with a focus on applications in healthcare environments, and it is evident that this solution offers some advantages compared to RF-based solutions. The analysis of studies on the various types of electromagnetic radiation and their potential effects on human health--including ionizing radiation such as X-rays and gamma rays, which have enough energy to cause damage to human tissues, and non-ionizing radiation, which includes radio waves and microwaves used in common devices like cell phones--suggests that prolonged exposure to high densities of nonionizing radiation could be associated with health risks, such as cancer. However, there is no definitive scientific consensus on these effects, and further studies are recommended. In addition, greater caution is required, particularly with exposure to higher frequencies, due to the potential long-term risks. The use of VLC technologies for communication in healthcare environments offers some advantages over RF technology, mainly because medical devices, which are highly sensitive and delicate, do not suffer from electromagnetic interference while in a VLC environment. The research places significant emphasis on the evaluation of a prototype vehicular and healthcare communication system, incorporating essential components, such as a transmitter, receiver, controller area network (CAN) bus, and various testing conditions. The potential to revolutionize electronic healthcare is promising, through the introduction of VLC systems that incorporate appropriate modulation and channel coding algorithms. This analysis highlights the need to carefully choose appropriate schemes based on specific use cases in the healthcare field, and it emphasizes the ongoing importance of research and development in this area. By utilizing VLC technology, the healthcare industry could implement communication solutions that are efficient, secure, and reliable, ultimately leading to improved patient care and an enhanced healthcare experience. Conceptualization, J.G.-M. and M.R.C. ; methodology, J.G.-M. and M.R.C. ; software, J.G.-M. and M.R.C. ; validation, P.P.J. and I.S. ; formal analysis, J.G.-M. and M.R.C. ; investigation, J.G.-M., M.R.C., D.R. and F.V.L. ; resources, J.G.-M. and M.R.C. ; data curation, J.G.-M. and M.R.C. ; writing--original draft preparation, J.G.-M. and M.R.C. ; writing--review and editing, P.P.J., I.S., D.R. and F.V.L. ; supervision, P.P.J. and I.S. ; project administration, P.P.J. and I.S. ; funding acquisition, J.G.-M. and P.P.J. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript. This research was funded by FONDECYT Iniciacion 11240799, ANID FONDECYT Regular 1211132, and Facultad de Ingenieria, Pontificia Universidad Catolica del Ecuador. This work was partially supported by SENESCYT \"Convocatoria abierta 2014-primera fase, Acta CIBAE-023-2014\", and UDLA Telecommunications Engineering Degree FICA, UDLA. Not applicable. The data presented in this study are available on request from the corresponding author. The authors declare no conflicts of interest.