## 5 Analysis of Structural Components for Vietnamese Vernacular Architecture  
Following the completion of data collection from reputable sources, the second phase of the research methodology focuses on a meticulous analysis of the structural components of VVA to elucidate their technical and distinctive characteristics. First, the roof system, positioned atop the columns, comprises multiple layers with components bearing distinct names (Beam, Square Chock, Top Girder Chock, and Tie Beam), reflecting their role and position within the overall architecture. Specifically, the central section spans the primary columns, termed Top Roof structure, and serves as the primary support for the roof's peak. The segment connecting the primary columns to the secondary columns, known as the Side Roof structure, facilitates load distribution from the roof's apex downward, as illustrated in Figure 3. Additionally, the portion extending from the secondary columns to the veranda columns forms the Veranda Roof structure, which protects the veranda space from environmental factors. Figure 3 further highlights the layered arrangement of the Side Roof structures, a hallmark of the aesthetic sophistication inherent in VVA, reflecting the ingenuity of traditional design principles.  
The roof-supporting framework, comprising columns and horizontal beams, is interconnected to form a robust structural system, with each component analyzed in detail in Figure 4. Each detail plays a crucial role in ensuring the durability and stability of the structure. Specifically, Column Base provides a solid foundation, distributing the load from the column to the ground, thus preventing the structure from sinking or tilting. The principal column is the central pillar, bearing the entire load from the roof and transmitting it downward to the base column, which plays a central role in the structural integrity.  
Figure 3: Components forming the Side Roof and Top Roof structure.  
Figure 2: Five common types of floor shapes in VVA.  
Small Column and Veranda Column aid in load distribution while extending the veranda space, enhancing the structure's aesthetics and utility. Tie Beam connects the columns, forming a sturdy frame that helps maintain stability against impacts like storms. Principal Column-Small Column Connecting Girder strengthens the connection between columns, ensuring even load distribution. Diagonal Beam reinforces the frame's rigidity, resisting lateral forces, and Principal Column Lock secures the joints, providing the robustness and longevity of the entire system. Nong (Dong) Plank is a bracing or connecting plank, and Column Base is the part itself or the footing.  
These components exemplify the precision of traditional construction techniques and reflect the ingenuity of ancient builders in using wood, a readily available local resource, to create resilient and culturally significant structures. The meticulous arrangement of columns, beams, and roofing systems in VVA ensures structural integrity while showcasing a profound understanding of the natural environment. This results in buildings that harmonize seamlessly with their surroundings and endure for centuries. By synthesizing these findings, Figure 5 provides a comprehensive illustration of the complete structural framework of VVA, encompassing the roofing layers, columns, and horizontal beams. This analysis underscores the refined design and inherent sustainability of vermacular structures. Moreover, these results form a crucial foundation for the subsequent development of 3D models in the following phases of the research.  
Figure 4: Components of the Column and Horizontal Beams.  
Figure 5: Position of various Roof structures, Columns, and Horizontal beams in VVA.