# Web XR User Interface Research: Design 3D Layout Framework in Static Websites
## 1 Introduction  
The history of the Internet follows digital device history. Hyper Text Markup Language 5 (HTML 5) with Cascading Style Sheets 3 (CSS3) includes more immersive features, such as abundant UI (user interface) components and responsive development, in order to adapt to the mobile market [1, 2]. With the continual development of digital technology, some research predicts that the digital device will move from mobile to XR (Extended Reality) [3]. Therefore, it is necessary to discuss XR technology and its potential within web services. XR is a combination concept with Virtual Reality (VR), Augmented Reality (AR), and Mixed Reality (MR) [4, 5]. [PERSON] indicates the difference between VR, AR, and MR in 1994 [5, 6]. The related Reality industries are collectively classified as XR. The scale of XR consumers continues to increase. XR technologies provide innovative Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) to affect the user experience in interacting with the environment [5, 7]. This technology opens a new horizon in the game industry. It shows enormous potential in the educational, commercial, and medical fields [5]. It opens new interaction paths in gesture and voice control [5]. Virtual simulation training, education and science, and other academic applications are also emerging [8]. Considering the current XR development trend, it is significant that XR has gradually extended to many fields and that it has more customers. Web services are a general and essential part of modern society, as they provide various avenues of social communication. Web services should provide the same service in XR platforms to adapt to growing XRdevice numbers. In fact, the initial concept of \"Web XR\" has just been generated in recent years [3]. W3C has released the specifications of the Web XR Device Application Programming Interface (API) [9,10]. Web XR is based on HTML5 technology. It aims to simulate a three-dimensional (3D) rendering of the virtual world in the browser [8]. Web XR allows developers to access the XR device features, such as motion and direction tracking [8,9]. Compared to mobile phones, the XR device has two prominent characteristics: interactive mode and panoramic vision [7,11]. XR devices are more comfortable to carry and are closer to natural interaction than mobile phones. For instance, HoloLens, an XR device, does track, understand, and model real-world scenes and natural gestures, and real-time rendering and overlapping of virtual worlds (at least targets). The realization of this step is the subversion of the Phone's core competence and the emergence of a new form of interaction. The most immersive interactive experience in HoloLens is a UI with an intuitive and 3D perspective [12]. Research shows that XR technologies have a high potential for improving user experiences in web applications. However, Web XR still has a certain gap in XR platforms, due to hardware and software limitations. Consequently, XR devices have limited support for transferring web services into XR platforms. For instance, HoloLens supports use of the Edge browser in visiting websites [13]. Edge supports basic HoloLens gestures, include scroll, drag, and zoom, but the UI visual effect is the same as the desktop version [13]. We ran a 40-participant comparison user test that examined the user experience of visiting the web using XR devices. From participants' feedback, the desktop version was not adapted to XR platforms because their interactions are designed for a keyboard/mouse, and not a controller/gestures. All participants reflected that using HoloLens 2 to visit websites was more complicated than using desktops. Therefore, it is significant that if the user uses a controller/gesture for operation, these interactions are inconvenient and bring negative user experiences. Considering the above evidence, although Web XR has broader prospects, it still has limitations and sits within the initial development period [14].