## 3 Simulation Results and Discussion
However, as morning and evening rush hours approach, there is a significant surge in the usage of various streaming applications. This is particularly pronounced as traffic congestion leads to extended commute times, prompting passengers in autonomous vehicles to have a greater demand for streaming service applications. Remarkably, on-demand streaming remains the preferred choice for passengers due to its flexibility in viewing schedules, content replayability, and wide range of content options. This preference holds true during both peak and off-peak hours. In contrast, the availability of 360-degree streaming services is relatively limited. This scarcity is not only due to the limited prevalence of devices capable of viewing 360-degree streaming but also because the quantity of 360-degree streaming content available on streaming platforms is far from matching the abundance of on-demand streaming content. Figures 6 and 7 provide insights into the bandwidth requirements of various service applications used by passengers in autonomous vehicles throughout the day. The bandwidth demands of these four streaming applications are directly proportional to their usage levels. Notably, due to the relatively modest usage of videotelephony and live streaming, their bandwidth requirements are notably lower. Therefore, the depiction of bandwidth requirements for videotelephony and live streaming is presented separately from the other two streaming applications to avoid confusion when comparing variations in these two applications with the others in a single figure. As shown in Figure 6, it becomes evident that on-demand streaming exhibits significantly greater bandwidth requirements compared to other streaming applications. This can be attributed to its larger user base and the substantial bandwidth demands of high-resolution streaming content. It is worth noting that despite having a considerably lower user count compared to other streaming applications, 360-degree streaming aims to deliver an immersive and lifelike visual experience, necessitating substantial bandwidth resources to transmit lifelike three-dimensional content. Therefore, Figure 6 underscores the high bandwidth requirements of 360-degree streaming. Figure 5: Counts of applications initiated by passengers in autonomous vehicles throughout a day. Regarding the bandwidth requirements of videotelephony and live streaming, Figure 7 reveals that live streaming requires a higher bandwidth allocation compared to videotelephony. This contributes to an elevated overall bandwidth demand for live streaming throughout the day. Figures 8 and 9 illustrate the allocation of bandwidth for each type of streaming application prior to the implementation of the proposed algorithm. In contrast to Figures 6 and 7, which depict the bandwidth requirements of different types of streaming applications, it can be observed that during periods when the bandwidth requirements for various streaming applications are relatively low, the allocated bandwidth closely aligns with their respective needs. However, as time progresses and the bandwidth demands of these applications increase, the allocated bandwidth starts to fall short of meeting the required bandwidth. Figure 6: Bandwidth requirements for on-demand streaming and 360-degree streaming within a day. Figure 7: Bandwidth requirements for videotelephony and live streaming within a day. This disparity becomes more pronounced, especially during peak intervals characterized by a significant increase in bandwidth demands from the streaming applications. Figures 10 and 11 illustrate the resulting bandwidth allocation for various applications following the implementation of the algorithm proposed in this study. As anticipated, the algorithm ensures that each type of multimedia streaming application receives bandwidth resources tailored to its specific requirements. Notably, during periods of high bandwidth demand, there is a discernible increase in the available bandwidth.