# Feasibility of Non-Remanufactured Waste Bottle Glass as Supplementary Cementitious Material
## 2 Methodology
### Mortar Study  
#### 2.2.1 Mortar Specim Production  
The waste laboratory treatment was followed by a study at the mortar level, which was conducted using different waste-treated glasses as a cement replacement. The following raw materials were employed for the mortar study: Portland cement CEM 142.5R, under the EN 197-1, consisting of a percentage equal to or greater than 95% of clinker with the remaining percentage consisting of additional minor cement constituents; WG and AGWG (described in Section 2.1); CEN sand, following the EN 196-1, which is natural, siliceous sand with rounded grains, with silica content equal to or greater than 98%; and distilled water was used as prescribed in EN 196-1 at room temperature.  
Three mortar types were studied according to mixture compositions presented in Table 4. The nominated mortars, WG10, AGWG10 and WG700, refer to binary blend mortars, including WG, AGWG and WG700, as 10% partial cement replacement (by mass), respectively (see Table 4). A reference mortar was also produced, including only cement as a binder (REF in Table 4). The mortar mixing procedure, casting, and compaction followed the steps described in EN 196-1. The specimens remained for 24 h in the stainless steel moulds and were then maintained in water curing in a fog room (temperature 20 \(\pm\) 2 \({}^{\circ}\)C and HR \(>\) 95%) until testing. The ASR mortar bar test (ASTM C 1567) required a specific curing process, further explained in Section 2.2.2.  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Mortar ID** & **Cement (g)** & **WG (g)** & **AGWG (g)** & **WG700** & **Water (g)** & **Sand (g)** \\ \hline REF & 450 & - & - & - & 225 & 1350 \\ \hline WG10 & 405 & 45 & - & - & 225 & 1350 \\ \hline AGWG10 & 405 & - & 45 & - & 225 & 1350 \\ \hline WG700 & 405 & - & - & 45 & 225 & 1350 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}
Table 4: Mortar mixture proportions under study.  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c} \hline \hline  & \multirow{2}{*}{**WG**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**NP 4220**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**ASTM C 618**} \\ \cline{3-6}  & & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Pozzolans in General**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Fly Ash and Pozzolan**} \\ \cline{3-6}  & & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**N**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**F**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**C**} \\ \hline SiO\({}_{2}\) + Al\({}_{2}\)O\({}_{3}\) + Fe\({}_{2}\)O\({}_{3}\) (\%) & **64.60** & - & \(>\)70 & \(>\)70 & \(>\)50 \\ \hline CaO (\%) & **10.78** & \(<\)10.0 & - & - & - \\ \hline CI (\%) & **0.16** & \(<\)0.1 & - & - & - \\ \hline SO\({}_{3}\) (\%) & 0.49 & \(<\)3.0 & \(<\)4.0 & \(<\)5.0 & \(<\)5.0 \\ \hline (Na\({}_{2}\)O)\({}_{\text{eq}}\) (\%) & & \(<\)5.0 & - & - & - \\ (Na\({}_{2}\)O)eq(\(\%) ) & \(=\) Na\({}_{2}\)O + 0.658K\({}_{2}\)O & & & & \\ \hline Loss on ignition (LOI) (\%) & **12.27** & \(\leq\)5.0 & \(<\)10 & \(<\)6.0 & \(<\)6.0 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}
Table 3: Chemical requirements for pozzolanic SCMs for concrete, according to NP 4220 and ASTM C 618 (in bold and underlined cells, requirements failed for WG on both standards; in bold cells, requirements failed for WG on one of the standards).