###### Abstract
Inter-cluster routing is classified as either single- or multi-hop communication (e.g., LEACH-IACA [22]). Multi-hop communication is typically chosen in large-scale deployment areas because it saves energy and enables maximum throughput, whereas single-hop communication is preferred in small areas, where communication with a sensor node is feasible. The spatial distance of the coal mine face determines whether single-hop communication is feasible; single-hop communication is also favorable for reducing data transmission delay. Relevant research has shown that a spatial change in the coal mine face, electrical equipment and movement of equipment and operators influence CMFM-WSN considerably, typically in terms of severe electromagnetic wave transmission fluctuations, strong noise interference, shadow fading and link interruption. These issues also cause changes in the data parameters of the physical layer (e.g., RSSI, SNR) and influence the network layer and data link layer. Faced with this problem, the design of an adaptive clustering algorithm under channel fading is important. Reference [23] uses a layerless network design and regards channel shadow fading as the background for analyzing the influence of a random distance between nodes on the link connection success rate, selects a critical node as a CH based on the node degree, reduces the number of isolated clusters generated by a boundary node and creates a clustering network topology. However, the cluster maintenance overhead and the computational cost of each node are high, thus increasing the amount of energy consumed; moreover, the relationships between the cluster and CH and between a CH and the base station (BS) are not considered. EBACR [24] reports that the RSSI value and node residual energy can be used as the basis of CH and relay node selection by using a multi-attribute decision-making model with an indoor channel model. The advantage of this approach is that the target node and neighbor node are compared; however, the message complexity is increased. The communication between a CH and the BS is the most important factor in a clustering network, and communication loss with nodes in the cluster is far smaller than that between clusters and between the CH and BS. Therefore, the increase in certain message overhead may not necessarily lower the network's overall energy consumption. Moreover, [PERSON] _et al._[25] studied the performance of a cooperative NC-aided Automatic Repeat reQuest (ARQ) MAC protocol under correlated shadowing conditions. In [26], authors studied a cross-layer analytical model to study network coding-based ARQ MAC protocols in correlated slow-fading environments, where two end nodes are assisted by a cluster of relays to exchange data packets. To adapt to the influence of environmental changes on the network, MAC layer and PHY layer, this paper proposes power-efficient and fading-aware clustering with a cross-layer (PEAFC-CL) based on the traditional clustering algorithm and performs anti-fading power control over it through power compensation to make it applicable to channel fading characteristics at a coal mine face, hence reducing the energy consumption and improving the network data transmission ability. The remainder of this paper is organized as follows: the network model and channel fading characteristics are described in Section 2. Section 3 presents the details of the proposed PEAFC-CL clustering algorithm, followed by the energy consumption and power control in Section 4. Section 5 analyzes some properties of the PEAFC-CL algorithm. Simulation results and analysis of the results are reported in Section 6, and the conclusions are drawn in Section 7.