# Livestock Management on Grazing Field: A FANET Based Approach
## 3 Methodology
## 5 Conclusions

This paper has presented a coverage solution using multiple unmanned aerial vehicles communicating with each other when surveying a grazing field. This is in response to governmental policies defined in several countries that restrict the grazing areas/fields or paths for livestock grazing. This policy is said to make herding operations effective and disaster-free. To achieve this, this paper presented a technique that relies on extracting information from aerial pictures to proffer a coverage solution for herding operations, thereby providing a direct and cost-effective method of monitoring livestock for perimeter coverage as well as under other natural conditions. The method's key contribution is that it directly and formally examines various practical issues that only arise during actual UAV deployment on a grazing field. The number of UAVs employed in this paper is the bare minimum for forming a FANET. However, the number of UAVs should be determined by the size and format of the grazing field and the vehicles' maximum flight time in a mission. It is worth noting that the technique might not be able to solve the coverage problem if the battery life is insufficient for the size of the region to be covered. Nonetheless, the coverage time for the UAVs was optimized for adequate coverage. Further work should consider real-world implementation (prototype development) by introducing an FPGA or Arduino-based controller other than the existing ones on the drones to avoid collision of the UAVs. Figure 12: UAV Connectivity Routing. **Author Contributions:** Conceptualization, B.O.S. and Y.A.S. ; methodology, B.O.S., Y.A.S. and H.R.E.H.B. ; software, B.O.S. ; validation, Y.A.S. and H.R.E.H.B. ; formal analysis, Y.A.S. investigation, B.O.S. ; resources, B.O.S. and Y.A.S. ; writing--original draft preparation, M.A.A., B.O.S., Y.A.S. and H.R.E.H.B. ; writing--review and editing, M.A.A., B.O.S., Y.A.S. and H.R.E.H.B. ; visualization, Y.A.S. ; supervision, H.R.E.H.B. and M.A.A. ; project administration, M.A.A. ; funding acquisition, M.A.A. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript. This research was funded by the Deputyship for Research and Innovation, Ministry of Education in Saudi Arabia, grant number IFP-A-201-2-1. Not applicable. The authors extend their appreciation to the Deputyship for Research and Innovation, Ministry of Education in Saudi Arabia for funding this research work through the project No IFP-A-201-2-1. The authors declare no conflict of interest. ## References

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