## 5 Conclusions  
Throughout this paper, two strategies have been proposed to alleviate passenger congestion on the platform infrastructure at Francia station in the Valparaiso metro, focused on ground stations. These strategies were presented in Scenario 1 and Scenario 2, with the primary objective of improving the way passengers board the train from the platform, thereby enhancing the accessibility of the infrastructure and improving the Level of Service (LOS) experienced by passengers. The station's platform experiences significant congestion in Segment 1, which stretches from the staircase to the first 7 m of the passenger platform. This area has been identified as the most critical for improving circulation and reducing crowding. Francia station is selected as a \"ground station\"-type station, which allows for the analysis of crowding situations on platforms. It is the station with the highest passenger disembarkation demand during the morning peak hour. However, the study can be expanded to other stations in the network in future research. The experimental scenarios analyzed in this study indicate that there is no significant difference between the proposed strategies in terms of mitigating the time passengers spend on the platform. The quantitative analysis of the data reveals only minimal variation  
Figure 7: The perception of accessibility based on the level of comfort. in boarding and alighting times between Scenario 1 and Scenario 2, with the average difference being less than one second. It is also noteworthy that the standard deviation of the results is similar across both scenarios, suggesting that the outcomes are consistent in each case. This minimal difference indicates that both strategies are equally effective at managing boarding and alighting times from a purely quantitative perspective. However, the results of the participant survey show a preference for the strategy in Scenario 2 over Scenario 1. Participants reported a greater sense of comfort and ease when using the Scenario 2 setup, which reflects an improved perception of accessibility during the boarding and alighting process. This perception is crucial, as it impacts the overall passenger experience. Consequently, Scenario 2 led to a reduction in the number of passengers boarding through each door, which in turn improved the LOS from level C to level B. This improvement in LOS suggests that the perceived quality of service has increased, with passengers experiencing more space and less crowding during the boarding process. It is important to emphasize that the interventions in the proposed scenarios during the laboratory experiments were minimal, yet improvements were observed both in the experimental measurements and in the passengers' subjective perceptions. This suggests that even small adjustments to the platform layout or boarding process can have a noticeable impact on both operational efficiency and passenger satisfaction, such as markings on the floor. If the laboratory model were to be implemented operationally in real-world settings, the improvements in passenger flow could lead to reductions in boarding and alighting times. These time savings would accumulate over the course of a day, potentially leading to more efficient operations for the metro system and reducing delays during peak travel times. In conclusion, while the differences in boarding and alighting times between the two scenarios were minimal from a quantitative standpoint, the improvements in passenger comfort and perception of accessibility in Scenario 2 highlight the importance of considering user experience when designing metro infrastructure. By implementing these strategies operationally, the Valparaiso metro could achieve more efficient and accessible platforms, leading to an overall improvement in service quality for passengers.