esa-sceva/satcom-chunk-collection huggingface dataset:
###### Abstract  
Two near field models for the analysis of spatially fed planar array antennas are presented, compared and applied to a multi-frequency wideband direct layout optimization for mm-Wave 5G new radio (NR) indoor network coverage. One model is based on the direct application of the radiation equations directly derived from the A and F vector potentials. The second model is based on the superposition of far field contributions of all array elements, which are modelled as rectangular apertures with constant field. Despite the different assumptions made to develop both models, the degree of agreement between them in the computation of the radiated near field is very high. The relative error between the models is equal or lower than 3.2% at a plane 13\(\lambda\) from the array, and it decreases as the near field is computed further away from the array. Then, the faster model is employed in a general direct layout optimization procedure to shape the electromagnetic near field for application in an indoor femtocell to provide coverage with constant power in a private office. Results show that a magnitude ripple better than 1.5 dB can be achieved in an enlarged coverage area covering the whole n257 band of the 5G NR, corresponding to a 10.7% relative bandwidth.  
spatially fed array; reflectarray antenna; transmitarray; near field; radiation equations; radiated field synthesis; optimization; electromagnetic field shaping; generalized intersection approach 20222228925
## 4 Discussion  
The simulated result in Section 3.1 and actual measured data in Section 3.2 show that the LED luminaire has more uniform light distribution due to using the optimized lens described in Section 2.1. Moreover, the LED luminaire has a higher luminous efficacy of 124 Im/W compared than that of the commercial HID (metal halide) luminaire, which is about 70 Im/W with the optimized heatsink, as described in Section 2.2. The required characteristics of seaport lighting application were investigated, and the analyzed features of the LED and commercial HID (metal halide) luminaire were summarized in Table 7. Due to the high luminous efficacy of LED luminaires, an equivalent light output could be achieved with only half the power of the HID (metal halide) luminaires. Thus, the rated power of a 500 W LED luminaire could replace the rated power of a 1000 W HID (metal halide) luminaire. Normally, the lighting tower has 48 luminaires; thus, it means with LED luminaires, 24,000 W of energy could be saved. Since lighting consumes a large portion of electricity, an LED seaport lighting system can be integrated into the port energy management system due to the capability of controlling of LED-based light source [29; 30]. The seaport luminaire shall be installed with a height of more than 30 m; thus, the longer lifetime is one of the critical factors in the seaport lighting application, because a longer lifetime means less maintenance cost and activity. The life of LED luminaires is ten times longer than that of HID (metal halide) luminaires, as shown in Table 7. Summarizing the above simulated and measured results, it can be seen that LED luminaires with more uniform light distribution, higher luminous efficacy, and less power consumption are more suitable for port lighting than conventional HID (metal halide) luminaires.
## 5 Conclusions  
In this work, we have performed a systematic literature review on exploitation techniques in air-gapped video surveillance systems. We found that there are many research studies on attacks and protection mechanisms in non-air gapped video surveillance systems, but significantly fewer studies on isolated air-gapped topologies. Further, the analysis of the selected papers shows that Internet of Surveillance Things exploitation techniques are mostly focused on exploiting the human factor and performing social engineering attacks, and on utilizing the firmware backdoors left by the manufactures. Less commonly utilized methods involve compromising intermediate network equipment within logical air-gapped networks and harnessing the infrared (IR) signals emitted by IP cameras. Additionally, we observed that there is no one-size-fits-all security control capable of mitigating all identified vulnerabilities and attacks. Each type of vulnerability necessitates a tailored approach and a specific set of security measures.  
Based on our literature review, we have concluded that employing ontology-driven techniques, which automatically match countermeasures with potential security threats in IoST, is effective in enhancing the security of video surveillance systems. This approach is both time-efficient and offers fundamental solutions for securing IoT configurations through rule-based ontology reasoning.  
Moving forward, we anticipate that manufacturers of IoST devices and companies providing video surveillance services will increasingly prioritize security, particularly for air-gapped networks. These networks are often deployed for critical services and infrastructures, making security and privacy paramount concerns.  
This research received no external funding.  
**Institutional Review Board Statement:** Not applicable.  
**Informed Consent Statement:** Not applicable.  
**Data Availability Statement:** Not applicable.  
**Conflicts of Interest:** The authors declare no conflict of interest.
# Using GPS Trajectories to Adaptively Plan Bus Lanes
## 1 Introduction
A multiobjective evolutionary algorithm was used to find the optimal solutions, and the model was verified in an actual case in Israel. The above methods also use traffic simulation models to specify the needed traffic parameters, but they suffer from the common constraint of limited adaptability for practical use. In addition to simulation models, there have also been efforts to obtain traffic parameters, e.g., number of buses and bus routes, through onsite collection and questionnaires in the second group. For example, [PERSON], [PERSON], and [PERSON] [10] designed a biobjective bus lane optimization model. Unlike those parameters in simulation-based models, the non-bus traffic flow and bus stop times in this model were specified on site. In practice, collecting traffic information on site requires effort and time. Indeed, these macromodels can be used for actual city-scale road networks. However, compared with micromodels, the macromodels lack consideration of the microscopic aspects of road segments, such as bus routes and the frequency and number of vehicles. As discussed above, both types of methods suffer from a common limitation, namely, limited spatial adaptability, because the fundamental parameters of traffic conditions (e.g., vehicle speed and traffic flow) cannot be effectively specified. The existing micromodels have limited adaptability and cannot be directly applied to overall urban road networks due to the high complexity of the traffic simulation model. The existing macromodels lack consideration of the microscopic-scale characteristics of vehicles and bus lanes. There have been many analysis applications with GPS trajectories, such as adaptive bus route planning [14; 15] and traffic pattern detection [16]. However, such a method has not yet been reported for bus lane planning. To fill this gap, this paper proposes an adaptive trajectory-based bus lane planning method for complex networks at the city scale. We observed that buses may now be equipped with a GPS, and a large number of bus GPS trajectories have been accumulated and can be contiguously gathered if needed. Bus GPS trajectories can be used to obtain road and vehicle information (e.g., vehicle speed and traffic flow) and then used to plan bus lanes. Accordingly, we formulate the bus lane planning problem as a multiobjective optimization problem. We feed the bus GPS trajectory information into this model and introduce a multiobjective optimization algorithm to solve the model. The remainder of this paper is organized as follows. Section 2 gives the multiobjective planning model for bus lane planning. Section 3 proposes a multiobjective evolutionary algorithm to solve the bus lane planning model. Section 4 discusses the choice of the Nanshan District, Shenzhen, as the research area to test the model. A discussion of the performance and adaptability of the model can be found in Section 5. Section 6 summarizes the main contributions and future work
## 6 Conclusions  
The sequential rotation technique is successfully applied to design a NCPFTA in this paper. The integrated radiation and scattering design of CPFTA is presented for the first time. Experimental results of NCPFTA show 3-dB realized gain bandwidth from 8.9 GHz to 10.5 GHz (relative bandwidth of 16.5%), and the peak gain is 22.4 dBi with the aperture efficiency 22.9%. Moreover, the 3-dB AR of NCPFTA shows ultra-wideband at range of 8.6-10.9 GHz (relative bandwidth 23.6%). Compared with GCPFTA, the NCPFTA possess better stealth performance. It is worth noting that the novel design method can simplify the design difficulty significantly without adding any additional structure. The proposed NCPFTA has potential application in mobile satellite communication.  
Conceptualization, Z.G. and X.C.: methodology, T.L. ([PERSON]) and J.G.: software, Z.G. and S.L.: validation, Z.G. and T.L. ([PERSON]): formal analysis, Z.G. and H.Y.: writing--original draft preparation, Z.G.: writing--review and editing, H.Y. and T.L. ([PERSON]): supervision, X.C.: funding acquisition, X.C., H.Y. and T.L. ([PERSON]). All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.  
This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 62171460, 61801508), the Natural Science Basic Research Program of Shaanxi Province, China (No. 2020 JM-350, 20200108, 20210110 and 2020022) and the Postdoctoral Innovative Talents Support Program of China (No. BX20180375, 2019M653960).  
Not applicable.
# Design and Performance of L-CaPaMan2
## 2 CaPaMan Design and Requirements  
The first CaPaMan prototype, shown in Figure 1a, introduced a new structure of parallel manipulators [13]. While keeping the same structure, its performance can be improved in different ways: increasing performance in terms of forces, speeds, and accelerations, or reducing the costs of manufacturing while keeping the performance parameters from the previous case. L-CaPaMan has been designed following the second path. In the original CaPaMan prototype, all the components are machined from metallic parts, and industrial-grade motors are required for operations. The following improvement from 2017 [21], which is shown in Figure 1b, kept this structure; with 3D printing development, it became possible and expedient to change the material of the mechanism to plastic. Smaller and cheaper motors could also be used to operate, because less torque is needed for the smaller masses. The manufactured translational joints of this prototype, however, are sliding bodies, with low performance due to high friction.  
In L-CaPaMan, the translational joint is replaced with 3D-printed parts that enable rolling instead of sliding. The performance of this solution has been investigated in CAD simulation and by using sensors in real model. To estimate performance, the kinematic  
Figure 1: CaPaMan prototypes: (**a**) original design from 1997 [13]; (**b**) 3D-printed solution from 2017 [21].  
characteristics of the platform were considered. The total cost of manufacturing can be measured as a sum of prices of the components.  
The requirements to the new design of mechanism are described here:  
* Material of the parts: PLA
* Cost of manufacturing: less than 100\(\celsels\)
* Mass: less than 1 kg
* Acceleration of the platform: more than 2 m/s\({}^{2}\)
## 3 Defect Recognition Results and Analysis  
The developed application was used to process a series of images obtained during the experiment, with different illumination levels applied to a specimen with surface damage. Figure 11 shows the initial images of surface damage obtained using the LED source with the average illumination of 324, 159, 64, and 37 \(\mathrm{lx}\) (Figure 11a) and the results of their recognition using a neural network (Figure 11b). Images obtained using the incandescent lamp with the average illumination of 270, 149, 70, and 36 \(\mathrm{lx}\) are shown in Figure 12.  
Regardless of nearly the same illumination range for both light sources (37...324 \(\mathrm{lx}\) for the semiconductor source and 36...270 \(\mathrm{lx}\) for the incandescent lamp), the results obtained using the neural network model differ significantly (see Figures 11b and 12b). With the LED source, both horizontal and vertical scratches were recognised, while the incandescent lamp was nearly unable to detect vertical scratches. Less pronounced parts of most defects were also recognised in different ways. The colour range of damage found on the plate illuminated by the incandescent lamp is apparently closer to that of undamaged areas; therefore, the damage becomes less pronounced.  
Thus, changing the light source type appears sufficient to affect the final result of recognition significantly.  
This indicates that the images used to train the neural network appear close to those obtained using the LED source. Therefore, the training sample should be expanded to include the images obtained under the incandescent lamps to improve the recognition results.  
Figure 10: Equivalent ellipse for the damage fragment and its inclination \(\theta\).  
Figure 11: Digital images of the metal surface with scratch-like defects were obtained for the LED source at the average illumination of 324, 159, 64, and 37 lx, respectively (**a**); the result of defect recognition by a neural network (**b**).  
Figure 12: Images of the metal surface with scratch-like defects were obtained for the incandescent lamp at the average illumination of 270, 149, 70, and 36 lx, respectively (**a**); the result of defect recognition by a neural network (**b**).
## 1 Introduction
To our knowledge, a rather small number of studies investigated the diversity within the EVOO category with respect to various quality indicators [1]. In this case study, two groups of olive oil, declared and sold on the Italian market as EVOO, were compared: i) monovarietal EVOOs with Protected Designation of Origin (PDO) directly purchased from producers and ii) commercial-blended EVOOs that were purchased from national grocery stores (supermarkets). Judging from the anecdotal experience, these two groups, which are frequently the subject of comparison and controversy among experts and consumers regarding their quality and price, should be fundamentally different, but this has not yet been scientifically confirmed to our knowledge. Accordingly, the aim of this study was to differentiate monovarietal PDO and commercial-blended EVOOs on the basis of volatile aroma and phenol composition, and to find reliable indicators of sensory quality among these compounds. It was considered that such findings would significantly contribute to EVOO diversification and they would help to clarify the interrelationship between EVOO origin, quality, and price, and in this way support the growth of the niche in the market segment of consumers informed and interested in healthy, quality products with remarkable diversity. Apart from being the first that aimed to differentiate EVOO on the basis of the origin of purchase, one of the most important novelties of this study is the utilization of a combined untargeted and targeted metabolomics approach utilizing powerful instrumentation and techniques, such as high throughput two-dimensional gas chromatography with time-of-flight mass spectrometric detection (GC\(\times\)GC-TOF-MS) complemented by conventional monodimensional GC-MS for the analysis of volatile compounds, and high-performance liquid chromatography with diode array detection and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (HPLC-DAD-ESI-MS) for the analysis of phenols. As a result, this study reported one of the most detailed and comprehensive qualitative and quantitative analytical characterizations of the volatile profile in EVOO up to date, with many compounds being identified (or tentatively identified) in EVOO for the first time. Additionally, it provided novel evidence regarding the diversity in sensory quality and volatile composition of olive oils sold declared as pertaining to the category of the highest quality grade (EVOO) and confirmed the need to re-evaluate the categorization criteria that were set by the current legislation.
# Application of Reflectance Indices for Remote Sensing of Plants and Revealing Actions of Stressors
## 5 Conclusions  
Remote sensing is the prospective tool of agricultural and environmental monitoring. It permits using the optimal management of the plant cultivation, which can be intelligent and minimizes disturbances in the environment. The importance of the development of methods of plant remote sensing increases with the decreasing stability of environmental conditions and increasing losses of crops. The multi- and hyperspectral imaging and calculation of reflectance indices are important methods of plant remote sensing because these indices are strongly related to the plant growth and development, specific physiological processes, and biochemical compositions. The availability of measuring systems can permit the wide use of RIs for short-term and long-term plant imaging. However, there are some problems regarding the measurement and analysis of reflectance indices, including the environmental influence and plant variability. The development of modified RIs, simulations, and methods of statistical and texture analysis should solve this problem in perspective.  
Conceptualization, A.K., V.S. and E.S.; writing--original draft preparation, A.K. and E.S.; writing--review and editing, E.S. and V.S.; supervision, V.S. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.  
This research was funded by the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation for large scientific projects in priority areas of scientific and technological development (contract no. 075-15-2020-774).  
Not applicable.  
No new data were created or analyzed in this study. Data sharing is not applicable to this article.  
The authors declare no conflict of interest. The funders had no role in the design of the study; in the collection, analyses, or interpretation of data; in the writing of the manuscript, or in the decision to publish the results.
## 3 Results  
### Impact of Nematode Infestation  
Figure 3 shows high resolution true color composite and sample VI maps, NDVI and GNDVI for the study site showing contrasting variations in the canopy vigor. Using the Pearson correlation (r), VIs such as GNDVI, GRVI, and GCI (r = -0.6) showed maximum correlations with female nematodes (FNEMS) and juvenile nematodes (JNEMS) (Table 2). VARI had the weakest correlation for both FNEMS (r = 0.24) and JNEMS (r = 0.05). Amongst REFs, a strong correlation was observed between the blue band and SCN (JNEMS+FNEMS) (r = 0.58). From the Pearson correlation with SCN, NDRE appeared particularly suitable for differentiating susceptible and resistant varieties as NDRE values for resistant varieties (0.152-0.187) were higher than those for susceptible varieties (0.132-0.159) (Figure 4). Canopy vigor ratings for resistant varieties ranged from 5 to 9 for 7 July and 6 to 10 for 21 July. Similarly, for susceptible varieties, vigor ratings ranged from 5 to 8 for 7 July and 6 to 10 for 21 July. In addition, the SCN population (JNEMS+FNEMS) for resistant varieties ranged from 0 to 340 (Mean = 95, standard deviation [SD] = 81) and 20 to 1080 for susceptible varieties (Mean = 336, SD = 242). The SCN population had a moderate correlation (r = 0.41) with crop vigor on 7 July, a weak correlation (r = 0.04) on 21 July and a moderate correlation (r = -0.39) with yield (Figure 4). On average, SY was significantly higher for the resistant variety compared to the susceptible ones (on average +15 lbs/plot) (Figure 4). Significant differences were observed between canopy vigor ratings collected on July 7 (t\({}_{\text{stat}}\) = -11.126, \(p\) < 0.001) and July 21 (t\({}_{\text{stat}}\) = -3.146, \(p\) < 0.025), vigor recovery (t\({}_{\text{stat}}\) = 4.174, \(p\) < 0.001), yield (t\({}_{\text{stat}}\) = 11.719, \(p\) < 0.001), SCN populations (t\({}_{\text{stat}}\) = -6.881, \(p\) < 0.001) and NDRE (t\({}_{\text{stat}}\) = 19.79, \(p\) < 0.001) for resistant and susceptible varieties (two-sample \(t\)-test, \(p\) < 0.01).  
Figure 3: Aerial imagery-derived (**a**) RGB true color composite; and sample vegetation index maps for (**b**) Normalized Difference Vegetation Index and (**c**) Green Normalized Difference Vegetation Index.
## 3 Experiments and Data Analysis
### Determination of Pose in the Turntable Measurement  
For the convenience of experimental verification, the world rigid body (i.e., the outer frame of the turntable) was set as stationary. As only the central axis rotates, the real-time motion attitude angle of the turntable changes only with the rotation angle around the \(X\)-axis, with the other two angles being zero.  
Denoting the angle of rotation of the frame of the turntable around the \(X\)-axis as, the real-time position coordinates of any point on the body rigid body in the W system are  
\[P_{1}^{\text{W}}=P_{1}^{\text{B}}\begin{bmatrix}1&0&0\\ 0&\cos\theta_{x}&-\sin\theta_{x}\\ 0&\sin\theta_{x}&\cos\theta_{x}\end{bmatrix} \tag{8}\]  
The center of mass of the body rigid body is at the origin of the B and W systems and can be inferred from Equation (8).
# A Usable Encryption Solution for File-Based Geospatial Data within a Database File System
## 6 Discussion
### GIS Security Model and Security Analysis
#### 6.1.1 Availability  
A DBFS inherits the underlying DBMS's availability, scalability, reliability, and security features that boost data availability for spatial users. For spatial files in enterprise GIS, such a solution promises consolidation and better management while dramatically reducing their vulnerabilities at the storage layer.
## 3 Results and Discussion
### Pore Structure of PolyHIPE Membrane  
For treatment process optimization and design purposes, it is important to relate the process macroscopic behavior, with regard to flow and mass transfer, to the pore structure of the porous material [24]. In this study, two characterization methods, mercury porosimetry and image analysis were adopted to obtain information about the porous structure of PolyHIPE membrane. Mercury porosimetry measurement can provide pore size distribution of membrane. Image analysis of membrane cross sections can reveal the pore geometry and structure, which can be used to determine tortuosity and constrictivity of the membrane. This information can be used to correlate the transport behavior with the pore structure characteristics of the PolyHIPE membrane.
# Fuzzy Logic-Based Geographic Routing Protocol for Dynamic Wireless Sensor Networks
## 3 FLGR Protocol
### Selection Process Based on Fuzzy Logic  
Owing to the uncertainty and no boundary of node parameters, it is very difficult to find the optimal weight coefficient for the decision algorithm based on utility function [19] and multiple-attribute decision-making [20]. The decision algorithm based on machine learning and game theory [21] has a higher complexity and longer time delay. Therefore, the decision algorithm based on fuzzy logic is chosen in this paper, owing to its higher accuracy and lower complexity. In addition, the decision algorithm based on fuzzy logic can express the expression of the human beings accurately. The decision algorithm based on fuzzy logic involves fuzzification, fuzzy reasoning and defuzzification.