# Resilience Analysis of Traffic Network under Emergencies: A Case Study of Bus Transit Network
###### Abstract  
With the continuous development of public transportation, the impact of unexpected events on the operation of bus networks has become increasingly severe due to the growing demand for public transportation and passenger volume. To accurately assess the impact of unexpected events on the operation of bus networks and scientifically evaluate their resilience, this paper proposes a framework for analyzing the resilience of bus networks. With the aim of providing scientific evidence to enhance the reliability of public transportation networks, this framework can be used to determine the resilience of bus networks to unexpected events. The main contributions of this framework include three aspects: 1. Construction of the CRITIC-entropy weighting model for screening and calculating key indicators of the resilience of the bus network; 2. Use of resilience cycle theory to construct a model for analyzing the resilience of bus routes, and design a set of resilience quantification factors to calculate the resilience of bus routes; 3. Use of complex network theory to construct a model for analyzing the resilience of the bus network, by taking the bus route resilience obtained in the second step as the edge weight to calculate the resilience of the bus network. This paper takes the Beijing public transit system as an example and uses real data to verify the accuracy, scientificity, and feasibility of the proposed framework for analyzing the resilience of public transit networks to sudden events. The resilience analysis framework constructed in this paper has improved the existing research on transportation network resilience in theoretical aspects. Furthermore, the results outputted by this framework can provide a decision-making basis for network adjustment and disaster recovery for the management departments of public transportation networks in practical applications. resilience; bus network; complex network; resilience cycle +
Footnote †: journal: Applied Sciences  
the transportation network composed of daily operating routes of conventional buses in the city. In recent years, there have been frequent sudden incidents in public transportation in China, such as the collapse of Shanghai Metro Line 12 in 2012, the flooding of bus and subway stations in Wuhan due to heavy rain in 2016, and the backflow flooding in Zhengzhou's metro caused by heavy rain in 2021. In central cities in China, the harm caused by sudden incidents to urban public transportation is particularly evident. For example, during the heavy rain on 21 July 2012, in Beijing, the disaster affected an area of 16,000 square kilometers and 1.9 million people, causing various degrees of damage to many transportation infrastructures, including bridges, roads, and networks. In total, there were 63 major flooded roads and 31 road collapses. Twelve stations on five subway lines were closed due to flooding, causing economic losses of up to billions of RMB, according to statistics. In 2013, a major rainstorm hit Shanghai on September 13 th, causing severe flooding on more than 80 roads in the city. Due to the heavy rain occurring during rush hour, many transportation routes were paralyzed, seriously affecting citizens' normal commuting and travel. The occurrence of public transportation emergencies can cause damage to public facilities and traffic congestion on accident-prone routes, affecting citizens' normal travel. In more serious cases, it may result in casualties, paralysis of the transportation network, and lead to a severe public relations crisis. Due to the increasingly dense urban space and population distribution, as well as the increasingly diverse structure of urban transportation networks, the uncertainties and unknown risks faced by the development of public transportation networks are unprecedentedly complex. The potential impacts and catastrophic consequences are becoming more significant. However, when facing these disturbances and disruptions, the reactions of different public transportation networks vary greatly.