## 4 PDF and TDP Measurements:
However, due to its routing caching and source routing mechanism, it increases its energy consumption under high node mobility conditions. 3. AODV is characterized by an on-demand routing mechanism, which effectively balances routing overhead and energy consumption, but it shows bad performance when high node mobility environment is considered. **Theoretical Verification and Impacts on MANET**  
Validation for the theoretical insights for the examined routing protocols have been verified based on the simulation results. Additionally, the analysis for the simulation outcomes has also contributed towards understanding the behavior of the examined routing protocol when diverse simulation parameters are applied in MANET. Generally, the validation for the theoretical characteristics for the examined routing protocols based on the simulation outcomes can be summarized as follows:  
1. DSDV protocol is energy-efficient at low traffic loads and less effective at higher loads because of its frequent routing updates. 2. DSR utilization of route caches leads to superior throughput and higher energy consumption at higher node mobility. 3. AODV offers some sort of balance between energy consumption and routing overhead but suffers at high node mobility due to frequent route discoveries. Based on the simulation results previously discussed, we can choose the routing protocol that can provide the best performance taking into consideration the type of the implemented traffic load and the evaluated performance metric. Table 4 demonstrates  
Figure 40: TDP vs. node speed (joint traffic). the most candidate routing protocols when packet rate variation parameter is considered. Table 5 summarizes the most appropriate protocols that can be chosen when the node speed parameter is changing in the environment. Table 6 also illustrates the most recommended routing protocols when node quantity in the network are the key parameter. Consumed energy, throughput and NRL metrics are chosen here for this brief comparison. In Tables 4 and 5 when joint traffic load is considered, DSR protocol mainly proved the superior behaviors for most of the performance metrics considered. In Tables 5 and 6 when consumed energy metric is evaluated, DSDV protocol mainly show an outstanding performance when either regular or irregular traffic load is applied. Briefly, we can claim that the choice of the optimum routing protocol depends on many factors that may include network parameters, performance metric examined and implemented traffic load. Numerically, DSR protocol consistently demonstrated superior performance in 9 scenarios in terms of throughput, PDF, TDP and NRL, when high packet rates, high node quantities and high node mobility environments are considered. DSDV has shown better energy consumption and routing stability in 7 cases, under irregular traffic, low node quantities and low packet rates. AODV showcased moderate performance in 6 scenarios under higher packet rates and node mobility environments. The research in this area can also be enhanced by suggesting some factors to be considered for future work. Authors can Implement further factors that can influence MANET performance such as latency, security, Jitter and end-to-end Delay [31]. Another research direction may suggest the use routing protocols in conjunction with Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) algorithm [32], or with RL based Q algorithm [33] or with Deep Neural networks (DNN) based Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) network [34], in order to more investigate the performance of the wireless communication networks when diverse performance metric and parameters are considered.