###### Abstract  
Three-dimensional (3D) imaging technology enables simultaneously capturing two-dimensional surface features, depth information, and the spatial structure of the target area, offering broad applications in airborne imaging. Airborne area-array whisk-broom cameras are widely used at low-to-medium altitudes, providing high-speed height ratio airborne imaging due to their ability to achieve wide-field imaging through scanning. Currently, most airborne area-array whisk-broom imaging systems employ a vertical downward view, which limits their ability to fully capture the 3D characteristics of the target area. To overcome this limitation, this study proposes a backward-squint area-array wide-field whisk-broom imaging scheme. However, under such whisk-broom scanning conditions, a misalignment exists between the equivalent rotation axis of the image motion compensation mirror after optical path deflection and the roll scanning axis of the camera. To resolve this problem, we propose an accurate calculation model for non-coaxial image motion compensation. We conducted theoretical analysis and simulation experiments to validate the proposed method, achieving a stabilization accuracy better than 0.65 \(\upmu\)rad per compensation cycle during a 45\({}^{\circ}\) backward squint and a 90\({}^{\circ}\) scanning width. Our research advances airborne area-array whisk-broom imaging technology by proposing a novel backward-squint imaging scheme and an innovative non-coaxial image motion compensation model, which significantly enhance in wide-field squint imaging and 3D modeling. a _Article_  
A novel Non-Coaxial Image Motion  
Airborne Infrared Area-Array Whisk-broom  
A new approach to the detection of a single-mode signal-to-noise ratio ratio camera (SSA) [1] is proposed. The proposed method is based on a two-dimensional surface features, depth information, and the spatial structure of the target area. The proposed method is based on a two-dimensional surface features, depth information, and the spatial structure of the target area. The proposed method is based on a two-dimensional surface features and the depth and spatial structure of the target region. The proposed method is based on a two-dimensional surface features, depth information, and the spatial structure of the target area. software [13]. While the method is primarily used for visible-light imaging with a wide field of view, it requires an additional stabilization platform, which increases both system size and complexity. In infrared imaging, the single-frame imaging field of view is limited by the constrained size of area-array detectors. Area-array cameras can achieve wide-swath imaging through whisk-broom scanning [14], making it an effective and lightweight approach to expanding the imaging field of view. [PERSON] et al. [15] and [PERSON] et al. [16] used a step-and-stare imaging method, where a rotating mechanism captures images at multiple positions perpendicular to the flight path, enabling wide-field imaging. [PERSON] et al. [17] further increased the swath width and improved the scanning efficiency by implementing whisk-broom scanning. However, most area-array cameras use downward-looking rotational scanning, primarily capturing downward-looking images; hence, they are unable to acquire multi-angle 3D information of the target. During airborne imaging, scanning motion, flight motion, platform vibrations, and airflow disturbances cause relative motion between the camera and the imaged targets. This relative motion induces image motion, resulting in blurring during exposure. Thus, LOS stabilization [18] and image motion compensation [19; 20; 21] are essential, as their effectiveness directly impacts imaging quality. [PERSON] et al. [22] developed a rotation model based on coordinate transformation to convert from the geodetic coordinate system to the aircraft coordinate system. By repeatedly applying rotation matrices, they determined the actual LOS direction and computed image motion. [PERSON] et al.