## 4 Results
### Analysis of Potential Energy Savings  
Previous results (Sections 4.1-4.4) provide insights into the thermal behaviour. Based on these findings, Section 4.5 aims to quantify the potential energy savings according to the recommended thresholds of 17, 19, and 21 \({}^{\circ}\)C (as presented in the Introduction). Thus, temperature measurements have been quantified at each monitored space, see Figure 2b, during the building's opening hours in the timeslots when the heating is on (for each month with heating: November, December, January, and February). Table 3 shows the time percentage that temperatures met in each one of the following ranges:  
* Below 17 \({}^{\circ}\)C: range when heating should be turned on to achieve thermal comfort. Ideally, percentages should be close to 0%;
* Between 17 and 19 \({}^{\circ}\)C: range following EN 16798-1:2019 [51]. Due to comfort sensation rounds 19 \({}^{\circ}\)C, this is a restrictive threshold (for energy saving) that, ideally, should be around 50%;
* Between 19 and 21 \({}^{\circ}\)C: range of thermal comfort that, ideally, should be around 50%:
* Between 17 and 21 \({}^{\circ}\)C: range following directives RD 486/1997 [49] and RDL 14/2022 [50]. As addition of two previous ranges (17-19 \({}^{\circ}\)C and 19-21 \({}^{\circ}\)C), ideally should be 100%;
* Above 21 \({}^{\circ}\)C: range when heating should be turned off. Percentages above 0% mean potential energy savings, as be quantified and discussed in next Section 4.6. From these premises, monthly results are analysed (see Table 3):
* November shows good weather conditions (average of 9.8 \({}^{\circ}\)C). Thus, only D4 and D5 (blue background) remain below 17 \({}^{\circ}\)C for less than 5% of time. Most spaces (12 out of 17, bold grey background) comply with the recommended range (17-21\({}^{\circ}\)C) for over 40% of time. All spaces (17 out of 17, green/yellow background) exceed 19 \({}^{\circ}\)C for more than 50% of time, and more than half (8 out of 17, yellow background) exceeds 21 \({}^{\circ}\)C for over 50% of time. Since the comfort threshold (>19 \({}^{\circ}\)C) and the recommended threshold (>21 \({}^{\circ}\)C) are excessively exceeded, it could indicate an overheating, as will be analysed in Section 4.6;
* December shows cooler conditions (average of 8.2 \({}^{\circ}\)C) compared to November (9.8 \({}^{\circ}\)C), leading to more hours of heating. Consequently, only A2, D2, D4, and D5 (blue background) remain below 17 \({}^{\circ}\)C for less than 3% of time. Nearly all spaces (15 out of 17, bold grey background) comply with the 17-21 \({}^{\circ}\)C range for over 60% of time. Almost all spaces (16 out of 17, green/yellow background) exceed 19 \({}^{\circ}\)C for more than 50% of time, although only A1 and B2 (2 out of 17, yellow background) exceed 21 \({}^{\circ}\)C for over 50% of time. This suggests that heating in December was used more appropriately than in November, although it would be worthwhile to quantify its potential savings, as discussed in Section 4.6;
* January shows even cooler conditions (average of 7.4 \({}^{\circ}\)C) compared to December (8.2 \({}^{\circ}\)C) and November (9.8 \({}^{\circ}\)C), resulting in more spaces (9 out of 17, blue background) falling below 17 \({}^{\circ}\)C. Almost all spaces (14 out of 17, bold grey background) comply with the 17-21 \({}^{\circ}\)C range for over 75% of time. All spaces (17 out of 17, green/yellow background) exceed 19 \({}^{\circ}\)C for more than 50% of time; and, again, only A1 and B2 (2 out of 17, yellow background) exceed 21 \({}^{\circ}\)C for over 50% of time. January is also the first month where no spaces record 0% in the 17-19 \({}^{\circ}\)C range, meaning all spaces comply with the 17-21 \({}^{\circ}\)C range for most of the time (grey background). Overall, these January values are similar to those of December, which should be validated through the economic analysis in Section 4.6;
* February shows the warmest weather conditions (average of 10.3 \({}^{\circ}\)C), resulting in higher temperatures across all spaces.