## 2 Materials and Methods
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Landmark** & **Abbreviation** & **Definition** & **Sagittal View** & **Axial View** & **Coronal View** \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{Cranial width} & \multirow{3}{*}{\begin{tabular}{c} Bieuryon width \\ (mm) \\ \end{tabular} } & Distance between the most lateral points on the maximum in millimeters & Distance between the right inferior-most lateral point of the cranium to the contralateral side & Distance between the right posterior-most lateral point of the cranium to the contralateral side & Distance between the right inferior-most lateral point of the cranium to the contralateral side & Distance between the right inferior-most lateral point of the cranium to the contralateral side \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{Maxillary width} & \multirow{3}{*}{JR-JL (mm)} & The apical process is the intersection of maxillary tuberos outline and zygomatic buttress. Distance between the right jugular process and the inferior-most point of the left jugular process in millimeters & Distance between the right inferior-most point point of the right jugular process and the inferior-most point of the left jugular process & Distance between the right inferior-most point of the contralateral side \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{\begin{tabular}{c} Goni right-Goni \\ left \\ \end{tabular} } & \multirow{3}{*}{JR-JL (mm)} & Distance between the right inferior- and posterior-most point of of the mandibular corpus to the contralateral side & Distance between the right inferior-most point of the mandibular corpus to the contralateral side \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{\begin{tabular}{c} Antigonion \\ right-Antigon left \\ \end{tabular} } & \multirow{3}{*}{\
\begin{tabular}{c} Ag (r)-Ag (l) \\ (mm) \\ \end{tabular} } & \multirow{3}{*}{
\begin{tabular}{c} Mandibular width in \\ millimeters \\ \end{tabular} } & Distance between the right inferior- and posterior-most point of the mandibular corpus to the contralateral side & Distance between the right posterior of the north of the lower border of the body of the & Distance between the right posterior of the body of the \\ \cline{1-1}  & & & & \\ \cline{1-1}  & & & & \\ \cline{1-1}  & & & & \\ \cline{1-1}  & & & & \\ \cline{1-1}  & & & & & \\ \cline{1-1}  & & & & & \\ \cline{1-1}  & & & & & \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 1: _Cont._  
Figure 1: This is a figure showing the definitions and measurements of CBCT landmarks: (**a**) In sagittal view, the cranial base landmarks (S, N, and Ba; red color) and the linear measurements (blue color) are demonstrated; (**b**) In transverse view, the Bieuryon width (cranial width; blue color) is presented. The distribution of the study sample per skeletal class is presented in Table 2. Table 3 demonstrates the age distribution among the skeletal groups. Statistical analysis:  
The sample size calculations were conducted using the NCSS (Number Cruncher Statistical System) 2021 and the PASS (Power Analysis and Sample Size) version 15 statistical software, based on a [PERSON] et al. study [8]. A sample size of 21 subjects from each skeletal group was determined to obtain a Type I error rate of 5% and 90% power. Descriptive statistics and a chi-square test were used to measure the association between gender and skeletal groups. One-way ANOVA was used to test the relationship between age and cephalometric values between the groups. Logistic regression analysis was used to study the relationship between gender, age, and cephalometric values. \(p\) values less than 0.05 were considered statistically significant. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Skeletal Pattern** & **N** & **Percentage (\%)** & **Female** & **Male** \\ \hline Class I & 53.00 & 40.15 & 22.00 & 31.00 \\ Class II & 58.00 & 43.93 & 44.00 & 14.00 \\ Class III & 21.00 & 15.90 & 6.00 & 15.00 \\ Total/Percentage & 132.00 & 100.00 & 72.00 (54.54\%) & 60.00 (45.45\%) \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 2: The distribution of study sample based on gender.