# Effects of Post-Activation Performance Enhancement on Jump Performance in Elite Volleyball Players
## 4 Discussion
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c} \hline \hline \multicolumn{1}{c}{\multirow{2}{*}{**Variable**}} & \multirow{2}{*}{**Condition**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**Baseline**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**Post**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**Effect Condition F(p)**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**Effect Time F(p)**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**Interaction F(p)**} & **p: Post Hoc** \\  & & & & & & **Pre-Post** \\  & & & & & **(Cohen’s d)** \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{E (J)} & CNTR & 390.7 \(\pm\) 48 & 386.9 \(\pm\) 60.1 & \multirow{2}{*}{0.05 (0.83)} & \multirow{2}{*}{2.66 (0.17)} & \multirow{2}{*}{1.50 (0.28)} & NS \\ \cline{2-2} \cline{6-6}  & PAPE & 414.6 \(\pm\) 65 & 388.1 \(\pm\) 51.7 & & & & NS \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{AP (W)} & CNTR & 2124.9 \(\pm\) 253.5 & 2105.9 \(\pm\) 314.1 & \multirow{2}{*}{0.03 (0.85)} & \multirow{2}{*}{2.59 (0.18)} & \multirow{2}{*}{1.34 (0.31)} & NS \\ \cline{2-2} \cline{6-6}  & PAPE & 2231.5 \(\pm\) 328.2 & 2114.7 \(\pm\) 270.6 & & & & NS \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{RAP (W/kg)} & CNTR & 22.6 \(\pm\) 0.6 & 22.4 \(\pm\) 1.7 & \multirow{2}{*}{0.344 (0.58)} & \multirow{2}{*}{2.82 (0.16)} & \multirow{2}{*}{1.24 (0.32)} & NS \\ \cline{2-2} \cline{6-6}  & PAPE & 23.7 \(\pm\) 1 & 22.5 \(\pm\) 0.5 & & & NS \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{PP (W)} & CNTR & 6046.2 \(\pm\) 568.2 & 6012.1 \(\pm\) 663.8 & \multirow{2}{*}{0.02 (0.87)} & \multirow{2}{*}{2.59 (0.18)} & \multirow{2}{*}{1.34 (0.31)} & NS \\ \cline{2-2} \cline{6-6}  & PAPE & 6237.4 \(\pm\) 704.7 & 6027.8 \(\pm\) 601.6 & & & NS \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{RPP (W/kg)} & CNTR & 64.6 \(\pm\) 1.6 & 64.1 \(\pm\) 2.9 & \multirow{2}{*}{0.44 (0.54)} & \multirow{2}{*}{2.82 (0.16)} & \multirow{2}{*}{1.24 (0.32)} & NS \\ \cline{2-2} \cline{6-6}  & PAPE & 66.4 \(\pm\) 0.7 & 64.3 \(\pm\) 0.9 & & & NS \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 3: _Cont._[PERSON] et al. [32]. However, in a systematic review with meta-analysis by [PERSON] and [PERSON] [6] a strong individual was classified according to a >1.5 relative back squat strength. In the previous studies [6; 32], relative strength level was suggested for a back squat; in the present study, we used a trap bar deadlift, although participants can still be classified as strong individuals. Additionally, it was suggested that strong individuals are able to express potentiation effect earlier than weaker individuals and that accommodating resistance may result in induction of PAPE after approximately 90 s [13]. In previous studies involving elite athletes (rugby players), accommodating resistance was used in addition to classic resistance and shorter rest intervals than usually suggested (90 s), resulting in the induction of a PAPE effect [14; 15; 17]. Analysis of the research described above and the conclusions thereof informed our choice of CA parameters in the present study, i.e., three repetitions with 80% 1 RM and a 90 s rest interval between CA and explosive exercise. Taking into consideration details of previous studies [14; 15; 16; 17; 18; 19; 20] in which PAPE was investigated, it is not clear why PAPE was not achieved in the present study. Parameters of a CA were similar or identical to those implemented in previous studies, and accommodating resistance was used, calling into question the efficacy of a trap bar deadlift as a CA. The other issue could be group selection or the gender of the participants; to the best of our knowledge, this is the first study on PAPE in elite male volleyball players. Although parameters of CA and rest intervals differed from those used in the present study, PAPE was previously observed in volleyball players at different levels of competition--collegiate [33; 34] and elite [35; 36]--although these studies involved female volleyball players. In a study by [PERSON] et al. [26], the authors suggested that a rest interval seems to be the most important component to consider. These data agree with a systematic review and meta-analysis [37], which indicated that the rest interval between CA and explosive exercise is the most important factor with respect to inducing potentiation in an explosive vertical jump.