## 3 Results
### Changes in Protein Synthesis Caused by Electron Beam Irradiation  
We investigated the effect of electron beam irradiation on the changes in protein synthesis of adults of the S and resistant strains of _T. urticae_. SDS-PAGE analysis of all strains irradiated with an electron beam dose of 400 Gy indicated that the amount of the protein at approximately 50 kDa was reduced (Figure 1). However, there was no difference between resistant and S strains of _T. urticae_. In addition, no obvious changes in the levels of proteins of other sizes were detected.  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Dose (Gy)** & **Strain** & \begin{tabular}{c} **Adult** \\ **Longevity (Day)** \\ \end{tabular} & \
\begin{tabular}{c} **No. of Eggs** \\ **(\%/Total)** \\ \end{tabular} &
\begin{tabular}{c} **Hatchability** \\ **(\(\mathbf{F_{1}\), \%)** \\ \end{tabular}} \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{400} & AR & 9.9 \(\pm\) 4.2 ab  & 25.3 \(\pm\) 7.6 ab & 0.0 \(\pm\) 0.0 a \\  & BR & 9.9 \(\pm\) 4.6 ab & 23.7 \(\pm\) 7.6 ab & 0.0 \(\pm\) 0.0 a \\  & ER & 7.7 \(\pm\) 3.4 ab & 26.0 \(\pm\) 13.8 ab & 0.0 \(\pm\) 0.0 a \\  & S & 9.3 \(\pm\) 4.8 ab & 27.9 \(\pm\) 3.4 ab & 0.0 \(\pm\) 0.0 a \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{300} & AR & 40.3 \(\pm\) 4.3 b & 25.6 \(\pm\) 10.7 abc & 0.0 \(\pm\) 0.0 a \\  & BR & 8.3 \(\pm\) 3.9 ab & 21.3 \(\pm\) 5.8 a & 0.7 \(\pm\) 2.6 a \\  & ER & 7.5 \(\pm\) 2.3 ab & 23.2 \(\pm\) 7.6 abc & 0.0 \(\pm\) 0.0 a \\  & S & 7.3 \(\pm\) 1.8 ab & 33.5 \(\pm\) 10.6 abc & 7.8 \(\pm\) 4.0 a \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{200} & AR & 9.5 \(\pm\) 4.8 ab & 27.8 \(\pm\) 12 abc & 1.5 \(\pm\) 3.1 a \\  & BR & 9.4 \(\pm\) 4.4 ab & 35.8 \(\pm\) 11.8 abc & 7.5 \(\pm\) 11.3 a \\  & ER & 7.5 \(\pm\) 1.5 ab & 23.8 \(\pm\) 8.9 ab & 1.5 \(\pm\) 2.2 a \\  & S & 6.7 \(\pm\) 2.0 a & 28.4 \(\pm\) 7.9 abc & 0.2 \(\pm\) 0.7 a \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{100} & AR & 8.3 \(\pm\) 3.7 ab & 41.5 \(\pm\) 25.4 bc & 50.3 \(\pm\) 32.8 b \\  & BR & 9.1 \(\pm\) 4.4 ab & 39.0 \(\pm\) 16.4 abc & 49.4 \(\pm\) 18.7 b \\  & ER & 6.9 \(\pm\) 1.3 a & 27.0 \(\pm\) 13.9 abc & 54.6 \(\pm\) 28.5 b \\  & S & 6.8 \(\pm\) 2.0 a & 29.2 \(\pm\) 8.0 abc & 73.1 \(\pm\) 7.7 c \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{0} & AR & 8.2 \(\pm\) 1.8 ab & 36.6 \(\pm\) 14.9 abc & 88.0 \(\pm\) 10.9 cd \\  & BR & 8.5 \(\pm\) 2.8 ab & 43.8 \(\pm\) 17.3 c & 91.9 \(\pm\) 4.9 d \\ \cline{1-1}  & ER & 8.5 \(\pm\) 3.4 ab & 30.5 \(\pm\) 18.0 abc & 86.9 \(\pm\) 11 cd \\ \cline{1-1}  & S & 8.2 \(\pm\) 3.5 ab & 32.1 \(\pm\) 9.6 abc & 97.9 \(\pm\) 2.3 d \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}
Table 4: Effect of electron beam irradiation on adults of the AR, BR, ER, and S strains of _T. urticae_.  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Dose (Gy)** & **Strain** & \begin{tabular}{c} **Emergence Rate** \\ **(\%)** \\ \end{tabular} & \begin{tabular}{c} **Adult Longevity** \\ **(Day)** \\ \end{tabular} & \
\begin{tabular}{c} **No. of Eggs** \\ **(\%/Total)** \\ \end{tabular} &
\begin{tabular}{c} **Hatchability (F1, \%)** \\ \end{tabular} \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{100} & AR & 84.8 \(\pm\) 2.7 abccdef & 8.8 \(\pm\) 3.3 abcde & 25.1 \(\pm\) 19.3 cd & 57.9 \(\pm\) 17.2 bc \\  & BR & 86.4 \(\pm\) 3.1 bcdef & 8.9 \(\pm\) 4.5 abcde & 5.3 \(\pm\) 6.4 ab & 0.0 \(\pm\) 0.0 a \\  & ER & 87.8 \(\pm\) 4.0 def & 8.9 \(\pm\) 4.1 abde & 19.5 \(\pm\) 10.2 bc & 44.8 \(\pm\) 23.2 b \\  & S & 85.7 \(\pm\) 6.2 abcdef & 7.0 \(\pm\) 3.3 a & 5.1 \(\pm\) 5.2 ab & 81.8 \(\pm\) 22.0 cd \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{0} & AR & 89.9 \(\pm\) 5.2 ef & 9.0 \(\pm\) 3.1 abcde & 41.2 \(\pm\) 17.2 d & 92.8 \(\pm\) 3.5 d \\  & BR & 85.9 \(\pm\) 4.4 bcdef & 8.7 \(\pm\) 3.1 abc & 41.1 \(\pm\) 23.9 d & 94.5 \(\pm\) 4.8 d \\ \cline{1-1}  & ER & 93.9 \(\pm\) 5.8 f & 9.7 \(\pm\) 3.0 abcde & 37.4 \(\pm\) 9.8 d & 96.9 \(\pm\) 2.9 d \\ \cline{1-1}  & S & 88.4 \(\pm\) 4.2 def & 8.4 \(\pm\) 1.8 ab & 41.4 \(\pm\) 19.1 d & 91.3 \(\pm\) 8.7 d \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}
Table 3: _Cont._