## 4 Discussion
There are several reasons why there might be a discrepancy between the results of XRD (X-ray diffraction) and SEM-EDX (energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy) in detecting phosphorus in a sample of aluminum phosphate. XRD is a technique for analyzing crystalline structures that can identify compounds and phases present in the sample based on diffraction patterns. On the other hand, EDX identifies and quantifies elements present in a specific area. It is possible that XRD detects the aluminum phosphate phase in the overall sample, while EDX may not detect phosphorus if it is in a very low concentration in the analyzed region. The green synthesis of AlPO4 NPs starts with the dissociation of aluminum nitrate into aluminum and nitrate ions in aqueous solution:  
\[\text{Al(NO}_{3}\text{)}_{3}\text{$\rightarrow$}\text{Al}^{3+}+3\text{NO}^{3-}\]  
The interaction of IP6 with cations like Al\({}^{3+}\) is exclusively due to its numerous phosphate groups: these can bind to a single phosphate group, to two phosphate groups of the same molecule, or phosphate groups from different molecules of IP6 [52]. The process would be as follows:  
Interaction of IP6 with aluminum: Phytic acid (IP6) contains multiple phosphate groups (PO4\({}^{3-}\)), which can coordinate with metal ions such as Al\({}^{3+}\). Formation of chelate complexes: In a solution, Al\({}^{3+}\) ions can bind to phosphate groups from different IP6 molecules to form aluminum-phosphate chelate complexes. Cross-linking between IP6 molecules: The bonding between aluminum and phosphate groups from different IP6 molecules contributes to the formation of larger and more complex structures. This process can lead to the hierarchical organization observed in SEM images. Self-assembly and ordered structures: These complexes and bonds facilitate self-assembly processes where IP6 molecules and Al\({}^{3+}\) ions spontaneously organize into ordered structures at various scales, as observed in the hierarchical organization mentioned earlier. FTIR analysis enabled the comparison of the plant extract used and the interactions of its phytochemicals with our AlPO4 NPs. As observed in the results, the FTIR absorption spectrum of the _Quercus suber_ L. extract shows several peaks similar to those observed in the FTIR spectrum of the AlPO4 NPs. The hydroxyl groups (OH) in phytic acid can exhibit bending vibrations in the FTIR spectrum. The bending vibrations of O-H typically appear in the range of 3200 to 3600 cm\({}^{-1}\). The first peak in the extract appears at 3343 cm\({}^{-1}\), indicating hydrogen bonds (O-H). The peak at 1608 cm\({}^{-1}\) in the extract shifts to 1624 cm\({}^{-1}\) in the AlPO\({}_{4}\)NPs, indicating possible interactions with aromatic compounds. In phytic acid, the CH\({}_{2}\) groups are present in the cyclohexane ring that is part of the structure of IP6. The bending vibrations of the CH\({}_{2}\) groups observed at 1445, 1401, and 1354 cm\({}^{-1}\) in the extract shift to 1348-1398 cm\({}^{-1}\) in the AlPO\({}_{4}\)NPs. The peak at 1076 cm\({}^{-1}\) in the extract is attributed to the phosphate groups of phytate [53]. Additionally, several peaks at 1000-1100 cm\({}^{-1}\) in both spectra indicate the presence of phosphate groups (P-O), as described in phytates [54], corresponding mainly to the vas(PO\({}_{4}\)) and vs(PO\({}_{4}\)) stretching vibrations [55]. The peak at 824 cm\({}^{-1}\) and one broad band with a shoulder around 1300-900 cm\({}^{-1}\) is characteristic of the trivalent compound Al-IP6 [56]. Finally, the maximum of the \(\delta\)as(PO\({}_{4}\)) band shifts at 488 cm\({}^{-1}\) for Al-IP6. In conclusion, the green synthesis of aluminum phosphate (AlPO\({}_{4}\)) nanoplates using extracts from _Quercus super_ somatic embryos represents a significant advancement in nanomaterials research. This study harnesses the unique properties of somatic embryos, providing a consistent and reproducible source of bioactive compounds such as phytic acid (IP6), which act in nanoparticle formation.