# Chromosome Number and Genome Size Evolution in _Brasolia_ and _Sobralia_ (Sobralieaee, Orchidaceae)  
[PERSON]  
1 Department of Plant Taxonomy & Nature Conservation, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdansk, Wita Stwosza 59, 80-308 Gdansk, Poland; [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (P.B. ); [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (M.D. ); [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (D.S.) 1  
[PERSON]  
2 Department of Plant Cytology and Embryology, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdansk, Wita Stwosza 59, 80-308 Gdansk, Poland; [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (J.B.); [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (M.K.) 2  
[PERSON]  
2 Department of Plant Taxonomy & Nature Conservation, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdansk, Wita Stwosza 59, 80-308 Gdansk, Poland; [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (P.B. ); [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (M.D. ); [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (D.S.) 2  
[PERSON]  
3 Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Cytometry, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Bydgeszcz University of Science and Technology, Kalsikego Ave 7, 85-796 Bydgeszcz, Poland; [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (J.J.); [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (M.R.) 3  
[PERSON]  
4 Laboratory of Cytogenomic and Evolution of Plants, Center of Natural and Human Science, Federal University of ABC (UFABC), Sao Bernardo do Campo 09606-045, SP, Brazil; [EMAIL_ADDRESS] 4  
[PERSON]  
4 Laboratory of Cytogenomic and Evolution of Plants, Center of Natural and Human Science, Federal University of ABC (UFABC), Sao Bernardo do Campo 09606-045, SP, Brazil; [EMAIL_ADDRESS] 4  
Footnote 10: email: {jedrzejczyk, j.kews, M.Moraes, A.P. Chromosome Number and Genome Size Evolution in _Brasolia_ and _S  
hidden under the floral bracts) that successively produce a single flower at a time and elongate with successively produced floral bracts. Species from section _Abbreviate_ Brieger share terminal and condensed infloresences with the previous section but, instead, present floral bracts forming a cone. The fifth section, _Intermediate_ Brieger, was established for a single taxon--_Sobralia fragrans_ [PERSON]--to emphasize its elongated basal internode of the infloresences. [PERSON] [3] enlarged this section, placing other species with small flowers and infloresences (Figure 1). Figure 1: Diversity in _Brasolia_, _Sobralia_ and _Ellenthus_ flowers. (**a**) _B. flava_ ([PERSON]); (**b**) _B. portilla_ ([PERSON]); (**c**) _B. dichotoma_ ([PERSON]); (**d**) _S. fimbriata_ ([PERSON]); (**e**) _S. lancea_ ([PERSON]); (**f**) _S. bimaculata_ ([PERSON]); (**g**) _S. crocea_ ([PERSON]); (**h**) _S. devora_ ([PERSON]); (**i**) _S. rasea_ ([PERSON]); (**j**) _S. glorisa_ ([PERSON]); (**k**) _E. brasiliensis_ ([PERSON]); (**l**) _E. criinipes_ ([PERSON]). Scale bars = 10 mm. Molecular phylogenetic studies [4; 5] revealed that the nominal section of _Sobralia_ is paraphyletic, indicating the necessity of taxonomic reassignment. Based on the morphological distinctness and the mentioned phylogenetic relations, the section _Sobralia_ was elevated to the status of a separate genus named _Brasolia_ (Rchb.f.) [PERSON], [PERSON] and [PERSON] [4]. [PERSON] et al. [6] already had predicted the necessity of such reassignments, proposing to conserve the name _Sobralia_ with _Sobralia biflora_ [PERSON] and [PERSON]. as a nominal species to avoid transferring most of the genus representatives into _Cyathoglotius_ Poepp. & [PERSON], the second-oldest generic name available for _Sobralia_. Thus, the former nominal section of the genus _Sobralia_ now constitutes a separate genus renamed _Brasolia_, with the former section _Abbreviatae_ being considered the _Sobralia_ nominal section [4]. Nevertheless, the genus _Ellanthus_ C. [PERSON] was nested in the new _Brasolia_[4], an association previously suggested by [PERSON] et al. [5], suggesting further taxonomic realignments are necessary. Despite the availability of molecular and morphological data, the cytogenetic information, which is known to significantly help to understand the relationship and delimitation among taxa [7], is limited in the tribe Sobralieae, with only three chromosome counts available until now: two _Sobralia_ species, _S. liliastrum_ [PERSON] and _S.