## 4 Use Cases and Application Scenarios of Internet of Emergency Services
### Disaster Response
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{p{85.4 pt} p{113.8 pt} p{113.8 pt} p{113.8 pt}} \hline \hline
**References** & **Scenario** & **Context of Use** & **Description** \\ \hline [PERSON] et al. [19] & Disasters & Smart cities & Fog-Cloud centric IoT-based cyber physical framework for smart disaster management \\ \hline [PERSON] et al. [141] & Rain detection & Urban areas & Inductive rain gauge sensor based on the eddy current principle \\ \hline [PERSON] et al. [61] & Fire protection & Smart homes & Blockchain-Enabled Secure and Trusted (BEST) framework for PEs fire bridge service \\ \hline [PERSON] et al. [71] & Vehicle Accidents & Automated Accident Reporting System & An Android smartphone-based IoT system with a machine learning model for accurate detection and classification of vehicle accidents into eight categories, using a multi-sensor fusion framework and a stacked generalization approach with an F1-score of 0.95. \\ \hline [PERSON] et al. [81] & Disaster Management & Impact of Emerging Technologies & Systematic literature review on how emerging technologies impact the performance of different phases of the DM cycle (preparedness, response, recovery, and mitigation), highlighting simulation and disaster risk reduction as major fields of relevance. \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 13: _Cont._critical infrastructure, such as power lines, water supply, and communication networks. The IoES uses this data to prioritize the deployment of response teams and resources to the areas that need them most. Wearable devices worn by emergency responders collect data on their physical condition, such as heart rate and body temperature, and transmit these data to the EMC in real-time. The EMC uses this data to monitor the health and safety of responders and ensure that they have the resources that they need to continue their work. Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) equipped with cameras and other sensors are deployed to the affected areas to provide real-time video feeds of the emergency scene, detect hazards, and locate victims. The UAVs transmit this data to the EMC, which uses it to direct response teams to the areas where they are most needed. Artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms are used to analyze the data collected by the IoES and provide real-time insights into the emergency response. For example, AI algorithms can detect patterns and anomalies in the data, predict future events, and provide recommendations for response teams. Cloud computing is used to process and store the large amounts of data generated by the IoES. The cloud provides a scalable and secure infrastructure for the IoES, enabling real-time analysis of data and ensuring that critical data are available to emergency responders when they need it most. The IoES also uses blockchain technology to provide a secure and transparent record of emergency response activities. Blockchain is used to manage the distribution of emergency resources and track their use, ensuring that resources are deployed efficiently and effectively. An example of a Disaster Response scenario in the Internet of Emergency Services (IoES) is summarized in Figure 5. In this scenario, a user/citizen sends an emergency request to the Emergency Management Center (EMC). The EMC collects sensor data from IoT devices, transmits the data over communication networks, and stores it in the cloud. The cloud then analyzes the data using artificial intelligence and visualizes it in a geographic information system. The EMC receives insights from the analysis and stores and analyzes the data in a data analytics system. The EMC monitors responders using wearable devices, which transmit data back to the EMC. The EMC deploys drones to collect aerial data, which is also transmitted back to the EMC. The EMC visualizes and analyzes all the data using augmented reality and virtual reality technologies. Finally, the EMC records and manages all the emergency response activities using blockchain technology. Figure 5: Disaster Response scenario.