## 3 Methodology
### Test Sections  
Two field sections in the Region of Waterloo, Ontario, Canada were evaluated. The findings presented in this study are part of an ongoing research that has involved constructing, instrumenting, and monitoring pavements at two locations in the area [11].  
The first field section is a 40 m long southbound bus stop lane located on Erbsville Road, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada constructed in October of 2018. This location was selected because yearly maintenance had to be performed at the bus stop location due to severe rutting and cracking. Three segments constitute this section: two 15 m LCC sections and a 10 m control section (Figures 1a,c and 2a-c). Granular B (GB) material with a thickness of 450 mm served as the subbase layer for the control, whereas the LCC sectionsused 475 kg/m\({}^{3}\) LCC with thicknesses of 350 and 250 mm. Based on the LCC thicknesses, these sections are expressed as LCC350 and LCC250 in this study. The bus stop is located within the LCC350 section. For all sections, a constant 50 mm HL3 and 100 mm HL4 asphalt concrete (AC) surface and base asphalt course were laid over a constant 150 mm of granular A (GA) material. The subgrade on which the pavement sections were constructed was relatively flat. The operating speed for this roadway is 60 km/h.  
The second field section is a 200 m two-lane road located at Notre Dame Drive, St. Agatha, Ontario, constructed in September 2021. This roadway consists of four 50 m segments with a control section having 300 mm GA as base and subbase and three LCC sections with subbases of 200 mm thick 400 kg/m\({}^{3}\), 475 kg/m\({}^{3}\), and 600 kg/m\({}^{3}\) LCC material, respectively (Figure 1b,d and Figure 2d,e). Based on density, the LCC sections will then be referred to as LCC400, LCC475, and LCC600, respectively. Superpave 12.5 AC serves as the surface AC course over Superpave 19.0 AC base course. A 150 mm of GA material was present as the base layer for the LCC sections. The LCC400 and LCC475 sections were constructed over a larger longitudinal slope (1.3%) compared with the other sections. The operating speed for this road is 60 km/h.  
The installed temperature and moisture instrumentation layout for the sections at Erbsville and Notre Dame Drive are presented in Figure 3. These sensors were placed in the middle of each pavement layer except moisture sensors that were excluded from the AC layer to measure layer moisture and temperature throughout testing. For the Erbsville and Notre Dame Drive field segments, the subgrade moisture sensor was placed 100 and 150 mm, respectively, within the subgrade. Instrumentation details have been described  
Figure 1: Construction and completed Erbsville and Notre Dame Drive (NDD) pavement sections: (**a**) Erbsville LCC pour; (**b**) NDD LCC pour; (**c**) Erbsville completed pavement; (**d**) NDD completed pavement.  
in-depth elsewhere [10; 11]. Weather stations were also installed at both locations to monitor air temperature and rainfall.  
Figure 3: Lightweight deflectometer testing layout (Erbsville).  
Figure 2: Cross section view of pavement sections at Erbsville and Notre Dame Drive (NDD): (**a**) Erbsville control section view; (**b**) Erbsville LCC350 section view; (**c**) Erbsville LCC250 section view; (**d**) NDD control section view; (**e**) NDD LCC400,475,600 typical section view.