# Technology-Economy-Policy: Biochar in the Low-Carbon Energy Transition--A Review
## 5 Policy: Support for Biochar
In addition,net greenhouse gas emissions from the LULUCF sector have been included in the EU's provisions to achieve the 2030 emissions reduction target [106; 107]. The EU has pledged to obtain climate neutrality (\"net\" emissions) by 2050 and \"at least 55%\" emission reductions by 2030 [105]. To better illustrate the policy landscape, a comparison of the policies currently supporting biochar in key regions is provided (Table 1). Biochar in Negative Emission Technologies (NETs) and Carbon Dioxide (CO\({}_{2}\)) Greenhouse Gases (GHGs)  
In order for the international community to achieve the goal of the Paris Agreement, namely, to keep the increase in the global average temperature well below 2 \({}^{\circ}\)C like preindustrial levels, it will become necessary to implement Negative Emissions Technologies (NETs) on a large scale [100]. Greenhouse gas (GHG) removal serves to offset residual GHG emissions that are technically impossible or too costly to eliminate [116; 117]. Biochar is counted as a NET tool in the ecosystem management sector. The sector is concerned with afforestation and reforestation, practicing soil carbon sequestration, blue carbon, increased weathering, and ocean fertilization [100]. Over the past decade, the biochar system has gained increasing attention. This is reflected in the growing scientific literature [118] and in references and considerations in the reports of the International Panel on Climate Change [119; 120; 121]. The biochar system (BS) is considered a NET because of the cycle results in the long-term removal of carbon dioxide (CO\({}_{2}\)) from the atmosphere. BS refers to a production and use cycle, in which biochar is first derived from biomass through pyrolysis and then used for any purpose that does not produce greenhouse gas emissions. Scientists report various data of negative BS emission potential [122; 123; 124]. For example, [PERSON] et al. found that using 1 m\({}^{3}\) of Dillenia excelsa wood waste is equivalent to reducing CO\({}_{2}\) emissions by 1687 kg [125]. [PERSON] et al. [126], cited by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), argued that the use of biochar is a safe and promising approach to promoting carbon neutrality, as 2.0-2.6 tons of carbon dioxide are captured per ton of biochar. This is in line with [PERSON] et al. [127], who considered biochar a promising negative emission technology (NET). In line with this, it has been reported that biochar systems can \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c} \hline \hline
**Continent** & **Program/Initiative** & **Description** & **References** \\ \hline
**North America** & **Bloomberg Cities Idea** & Initiative supporting cities in solving issues like climate & [108] \\
**Theorie** & **Exchange (USA)** & change, including the biochar project in Lincoln, Nebraska. & [109] \\ \hline
**North America** & **Biochar Policy Project** & Project advancing the biochar industry in the USA, & [108] \\
**Theorie** & **(USA)** & supporting farmers and removing investment barriers. & [109] \\ \hline
**North America** & **Great Plains Biochar Initiative (USA)** & Initiative supporting the biochar market in the USA, offering workshops and grants. & [110] \\ \hline
**North America** & **CARBONITY Biochar Plant (Canada)** & The largest biochar facility in North America, supported by the Canadian government. & [111] \\ \hline
**Asia** & **Biochar Policy Project (Vietnam)** & UNIDO project developing policy and action plans for biochar in Vietnam. & [112] \\ \hline
**Africa** & **BIO4 Africa** & Project supporting agriculture in Africa using biochar technology. & [113] \\ \hline
**Africa** & **Biochar Plus Project** & EU project advancing biochar technology in Africa, the Caribbean, and the Pacific. & [114] \\ \hline
**South America** & **Biochar for Sustainable Soils (B4 SS) (Peru)** & Project developing biochar from green waste in Lima, Peru, reducing emissions. & [115] \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 1: Overview of global biochar support programs.