## 5 Conclusions  
This paper presented a detailed study of DCMGs, focusing on stability analysis and addressing the challenges faced by these systems. The experimental analysis of a real DCMG under variations in solar irradiation and load, along with the developed simulation model, provided valuable insights into the behavior, advantages, and disadvantages of DCMGs. In general, it was found that even in adverse situations, such as variations in load and power output, both the real DCMG and the model responded well. The DCMG model maintained voltage levels within the limits recommended by IEC TR 63282 REF, highlighting the reliability of hierarchical control strategies. The most notable advantages of the model included energy efficiency, mainly due to the reduction of reactive power losses associated with AC impedance, and quick response to adverse conditions. In addition, the model allows for direct connection of DC loads, making DCMGs advantageous for specific applications. In terms of disadvantages, the implemented model focuses on a single DCMG topology and does not take into ac  
Figure 19: Voltage waveform on the DC bus, state of charge and current of the BESS, and produced power during the connection of the AC distribution network with an active 18 kW load. Figure 18: Voltage waveform on the DC bus, state of charge and current of the BESS, and produced power during energy production variations with an active 15 kW load. count the complexities of interactions between several MGs or larger-scale implementation scenarios that can bring new challenges regarding control and communication strategies. In summary, DC infrastructure represents a promising solution for future energy systems due to its efficiency and quick response capabilities. Nevertheless, challenges remain, particularly regarding compatibility with existing AC infrastructure, high adaptation costs, and the absence of well-defined norms and standards for DCMG applications. These factors show that the implementation of DCMG requires technological and regulatory innovations for broader and more effective integration. This work offers a significant contribution to the study of DCMGs through the integration of simulated methods. This work provides a solid basis for the development of future solutions aimed at the optimization and efficient control of DCMG in a variety of contexts, in line with the objectives of a sustainable and resilient energy transition. Based on the results obtained in this work, the prospects for future work on DCMGs are promising, with several areas of research to be explored. Firstly, the integration of new energy storage technologies, such as supercapacitors, can improve the efficiency and sustainability of DCMGs. In addition, the application of control strategies using artificial intelligence (AI)-based models, such as Recurrent Neural Networks, can accurately predict energy demand and renewable generation by analyzing historical data and weather patterns. These forecasts enable better scheduling of energy storage and resource allocation, reducing dependence on external grids. Future research in these areas will contribute to a more efficient, resilient, and sustainable energy infrastructure, supporting the global transition toward smarter energy systems. Conceptualization, A.S., B.G. and J.B.; methodology, A.S., B.G. and J.B.; software, A.S., B.G. and J.B.; validation, A.S., B.G. and J.B.; formal analysis, A.S., B.G. and J.B.; investigation, A.S., B.G. and J.B.; resources, A.S., B.G. and J.B.; data curation, A.S., B.G. and J.B.; writing--original draft preparation, A.S., B.G. and J.B.; writing--review and editing, A.S., B.G. and J.B.; visualization, A.S., B.G. and J.B.; supervision, A.S., B.G. and J.B.; project administration, B.G. and J.B.; All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript. This research received no external funding. Data Availability Statement: Data are contained within the article. The authors declare no conflicts of interest. The following abbreviations are used in this manuscript: