## 6 Final Remarks
### Contributions and Implications  
This study makes significant contributions both in theory and practice, as well as policymaking.  
* **Practical Contributions** On a practical level, this research provides a comprehensive case study on the digitalization of a port gate, transforming it into a smart gate. This transformation serves as a valuable reference for other ports embarking on their own digital transformation journeys. By outlining the step-by-step process of implementing smart gates, from the identification of operational requirements to the integration of various technologies such as sensors, automatic identification, and data analytics, this study offers a blueprint that can be adapted to different contexts and needs. The findings demonstrate the tangible benefits of smart gates, such as enhanced security, improved efficiency, reduced emissions, and optimized resource management. These outcomes can serve as benchmarks for other ports aiming to enhance their operations through digital innovation.
* **Theoretical Contributions** On a theoretical level, this study advances research in the field of port management and digital transformation. It contributes to the literature by proposing a novel framework for the digitalization of road gates, focusing on methodologies that enhance operational efficiency and data-driven decision-making. This study identifies and fills a gap in the existing literature with a methodology to guide this development and customize the Industry 4.0 concepts to the port and shipping sector. By bridging this gap, this research not only enriches academic discourse but also lays the groundwork for future studies that may explore similar technological transformations in other sectors or geographical regions.
* **Policy Implications** This study highlights the importance of policies that encourage innovation and digital transformation in ports. The creation of a regulatory framework that standardizes the integration of technologies in different ports is essential to ensure compatibility and best practices. In addition, policies should address data privacy and cybersecurity, considering the sensitivity of data collected by smart gates, such as biometric information. Finally, environmental policies that incentivize the reduction of emissions and the efficient use of energy through digital technologies can support sustainability goals in the maritime sector.
* **Global Implications** Furthermore, the findings have global implications for the adoption of digital technologies in port operations. By demonstrating the successful implementation of smart gates  
Figure 9: Investigation artifact.  
in a specific context, this study provides evidence that such technologies can be adapted and scaled to fit the needs of ports worldwide. The global standardization of smart gate technologies could facilitate smoother international trade by enhancing the interoperability of port systems across different countries and regions. This would not only streamline logistics but also foster greater collaboration and information sharing among global ports, leading to improved efficiency and security in international maritime operations.