## 1 Introduction  
Improving the properties of surfaces and interfaces of practical products plays an important role in many surface phenomena, such as adhesion, heterogeneous catalysis, corrosion, triboelectric charging, contact electric potential, corrosion, and friction. Exoemission, a general name for many types of electron emission phenomena, can be observed from processed solid surfaces that one mechanically deforms or exposes to ionizing radiation and further covers with foreign materials such as an oxide layer. Such electron emission is because of a surface-dependent effect rather than clean surfaces. Recently, the author has published a book titled _exoemission from processed solid surfaces and gas adsorption_[1]. In the book, temperature-programmed photoelectron emission (TPPE) is outlined. This method is a useful measurement for distinguishing differences in the electronic properties of base metals and further in the electron transfer in the surface overlayer. TPPE has the ability to provide useful information on the properties of electron transfer in the neighborhood of the surface of the solids and is completely different from methods such as X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), which is described later, and temperature-programmed reaction (TPR). [PERSON] [2] described that for antimicrobial effects, copper's specific atomic makeup gives it extra killing power. Excellent reviews on the function of metallic materials to deactivate viruses and bacteria have been reported [3; 4; 5; 6]. In Ref. [3], the effects of the chemical nature of metals and metal-based materials on the inactivation of viruses have been reviewed widely and summarized: (1) antiviral performances of different metallic materials such as copper nanoparticles; (2) antiviral mechanisms at the biological level such as the blockade of virus spread and infection in porous metallic materials or metallic materials with positive charges on the surface; direct inactivation of the virus such as the contact of metallic materials with the virus and the reaction of metallic materials with oxidants and reductants in the environment to generate reactive oxygen species (e.g., hydroxyl radicals and superoxide anions), which can effectively damage the proteins and genetic material of viruses; (3) potential antiviral mechanisms at the physicochemical level. However, it was said that researchers in different fields hold dissimilar views on the antiviral mechanisms; the authors hope that this review helps researchers in various fields to select suitable substrates for antiviral materials based on the chemical nature of metal elements. Further, emphasis is placed on the fact that the strong reducibility of metal nanoparticles may be the main reason for their efficient inactivation of viruses. This remark has prompted our attention to study how the chemical nature of reducibility on metallic copper may be related to the behavior of \(ET\) on copper metal surfaces with adsorption layers of alcohols, water, and air. In the reviews [4; 5], it is described that there are two substances that can destroy viral proteins: hydroxyl radicals and superoxide ions, which are generated by Cu released from CuI in water. Reactive hydroxyl radicals can be generated in a Fenton-type reaction. It is well known that corrosion requires both a continuous ionic path and electrical connection between the anode and cathode in the same location. The review [6] outlines that in atmospheric corrosion of a copper surface oxidized in air, which corresponds to the environment of the sample surfaces used in the present experiment, there is a thin film of aqueous solution which enables corrosion processes to proceed. The typical cathodic reaction during copper corrosion is the oxygen reduction reaction. The mechanism produces hydrogen peroxide (H\({}_{2}\)O\({}_{2}\)) as an intermediate. This may result in a metal ion and hydrogen peroxide at the same or nearby sites.