# Study on Microseismic Monitoring of Landslide Induced by Blasting Caving
###### Abstract  
This study focuses on the monitoring and early warning of landslide hazards induced by blasting caving in the Shizhuyuan polymetallic mine. A 30-channel microseismic monitoring system was deployed to capture the spatiotemporal characteristics of rock mass fracturing during a large-scale directional stratified blasting operation (419 tons) conducted on 21 June 2012. A total of 85 microseismic events were recorded, revealing two distinct zones of intense rock failure: Zone I (below 630 m elevation, P1-P3, C6-C8) and Zone II (above 630 m elevation, P4-P5, C1-C6). The upper slope collapse occurred within 5 min post-blasting, as documented by real-time monitoring and video recordings. Principal component analysis (PCA) was applied to 54 microseismic events in Zone II to determine the kinematic characteristics of the slip surface, yielding a dip direction of 324.6\({}^{\circ}\) and a dip angle of 73.2\({}^{\circ}\). Complementary moment tensor analysis further revealed that shear failure dominated the slope instability, with pronounced shear fracturing observed in the 645-700 m height range. This study innovatively integrates spatial microseismic event distribution with geomechanical mechanisms, elucidating the dynamic evolution of blasting-induced landslides. The proposed methodology provides a novel approach for monitoring and forecasting slope instability triggered by underground mining, offering significant implications for disaster prevention in similar mining contexts. +++ ==WARNING: Truncated because of repetitions==
large-scale underground mining identified as a critical destabilizing factor [8; 9]. The Jiwei Mountain landslide in Wulong, Chongqing (5 June 2009), covered 2150 m in length and had a volume of 7 million m\({}^{3}\), causing 74 deaths and 8 injuries. Mining activities created a 50,000 m\({}^{2}\) void zone at the lower slope, significantly influencing mountain deformation and stress redistribution [10; 11]. Another notable case is the Zhaogou landslide in Zhenxiong County, Zhaotong, Yunnan (11 January 2013), involving 400,000 m\({}^{3}\) of material and 46 fatalities, with underground coal mining implicated as a contributing factor [12; 13]. The global impact of mining-induced landslide hazards has garnered widespread attention. While Western developed nations have prioritized mine geoenvironmental protection in recent decades, reducing incidents of large-scale mining-triggered landslides, such disasters remain prevalent in developing regions like southern and central China. This is partly due to the late onset of modernized large-scale mining in China, where small-scale operations still dominate, often lacking advanced safety protocols and exacerbating slope instability risks. Therefore, systematic research on mining-induced landslides is critical for ensuring safe mineral extraction in China. Academic studies on mining-induced landslides generally fall into three categories: field monitoring and case analysis [14], physical modeling [15], and numerical simulations [16]. [PERSON] et al. [17] combined physical and numerical simulations to investigate shallow landslides in South Wales, revealing that mining-induced voids generated tensile stresses in roof strata, promoting the expansion of weak structural planes, thereby reducing slope safety factors by 66%. [PERSON] et al. [18] utilized FLAC and UDEC to simulate the impacts of mining depth, methods, locations, and topographic-geological conditions on slope deformation, with specific focus on the failure mechanisms of the Frank Slide. [PERSON] et al. [19] take a field-excavated high slope in the Qianxi Area as the research object, establish a physical model test in the laboratory, and reveal the deformation and failure evolution process through different excavation scenarios. They analyze the deformation and failure models and their formation mechanisms, and determine the unstable failure zone. [PERSON] et al. [20] conducted a study on the Wulong Jiwushan Landslide using numerical simulation methods.