# A Global Review of PWR Nuclear Power Plants
## 3 Discussion
### Operating PWR Nuclear Power Plants
Lastly, regarding the Western versions, the first units of the Westinghouse AP1000 designs and Framatome EPR, within Generation III, as well as the Russian floating nuclear power plants KLT-40 [49; 50], have started operations. As for the Chinese variants of the PWR design, the CNP-300 and CNP-600 designs stand out. Within this group of oriental variants, the 23 units of the Chinese CPR-1000 design already appear, within that of Generation II+ [51]. Taking into account the expansion mechanism, that is, how PWR design has been implemented in other countries, the result is different from that obtained by analyzing the number of operational reactors. In the case of the United States, Westinghouse maintains its operational designs in 9 different countries (Figure 12): (i) PWR 2-loop: 6 reactors operating in Switzerland, Belgium, Slovenia, and Brazil; (ii) PWR 3-loop: 18 reactors operating in Korea, Spain, Belgium, Taiwan, and Sweden; (iii) PWR 4-loop: 1 reactor operating in the United Kingdom. In the United States, the Westinghouse company maintains 48 PWR reactors (GOF=34%), distributed as follows: (i) PWR 2-loops: 5 reactors, (ii) PWR 3-loop: 13 reactors; and (iii) PWR 4-loop: 30 reactors. On the other hand, there would be four AP-1000 Generation III reactors operating in China. In the case of Babcock & Wilcox and Combustion Engineering, 100% of its operating reactors are located in the United States, with 5 and 11 PWR Generation II reactors operating, respectively. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Design/Overall** & **Generation** &
\begin{tabular}{c} **Electrical Output** \\ **Range (MWe)** \\ \end{tabular} & **Number of Reactors (\(n\))** & **Operating Factor (\%)** \\ \hline
**FRANCE** & & & & \\ _Farantome_ & & & & \\ CP0 & Generation II & 900 & 7 & 2.33 \\ CP1 & Generation II & 900 & 22 & 7.33 \\ CP2 & Generation II & 900 & 10 & 3.33 \\ P4 & Generation II & 1300 & 20 & 6.67 \\ N4 & Generation II & 1500 & 4 & 1.33 \\ EPR & Generation III & 1650 & 2 & 0.67 \\
**RUSSIA** & & & & \\ _Rossatom_ & & & & \\ VVER-440 & Generation II & 440 & 22 & 7.33 \\ VVER-1000 & Generation II+ & 1000 & 37 & 12.33 \\ VVER-1200 & Generation III+ & 1200 & 3 & 1.00 \\
**CHINA** & & & & \\ _China General Nuclear_ & & & & \\ _Power_ & & & & \\ M-310 & Generation II & 900 & 4 & 1.33 \\ CPR-1000 & Generation II+ & 1080 & 23 & 7.67 \\ ACPR-1000 & Generation III & 1150 & 1 & 0.33 \\ _China National Nuclear_ & & & & \\ _Corporation_ & & & & \\ CNP-300 & Generation II & 300 & 5 & 1.67 \\ CNP-600 & Generation II & 600 & 6 & 2.00 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 5: _Cont._  
Figure 12: US PWRs operating worldwide: (**a**) WH 2-loop; (**b**) WH 3-loop; (**c**) WH 4-loop; (**d**) B&W and CE. In the case of France, the different variants of the PWR design developed throughout the past 20 th century have had an expansion mechanism based on satisfying the demand of their national industry. Of the 58 nuclear reactors operating in France, 100% have a PWR design; however, several CP1 3-loop units supplied by Framatome continue to operate worldwide (Figure 13): two units in South Africa and another two units in Korea. The other variants: CP2 3-loop, P4 4-loop, and N4 4-loop have not been implemented outside of French territory. On the other hand, within Generation III there has been an export of the technology, and there are already two operating EPR reactors in China. In the case of the Russian VVER designs, the expansion mechanism is different from that developed by the North American and French designs, since of the 22 VVER-440 reactors operating around the world, 77% have been implanted outside the country (Figure 14a): Slovakia, the Czech Republic, Hungary, Ukraine, Finland, Armenia. In the case of the Generation II + VEER-1000 design, the previous trend is maintained--specifically, 65% of these reactors remain operational outside their country of origin: Ukraine, China, India, the Czech Republic, Bulgaria and Iran (Figure 14b).