## 4 Implementation
### Smart Contract
For the user to be locked out of their assets, all Ethereum nodes would need to be offline. Additionally, the usage of the proposed and implemented solution is not complex. With a number of third-party services helping with token management, blockchain interaction, the tracking of assets, and trading, the system is accessible to anyone with the required knowledge; this is similar to operating and managing other digital assets. ## 6 Discussion and Future Work

Cardboard is the main medium carrying the proof of ownership for the majority of Trading Card Games on the market. However, this method of representing assets inherently carries many risks, such as theft and physical damage. Many systems have attempted to solve the main issues associated with paper media. None of them were able to deliver a flexible solution that would be applicable across the market. In this paper, a system allowing the transfer of the main value--proof of ownership--to the digital world, which uses blockchain technology, was proposed, implemented, and verified. To provide users with full control over their assets, a combination of blockchain technologies and IPFS was used. By using multiple well-defined standards, the resulting system is easy to integrate with existing solutions and leaves room for flexibility. Fault tolerance was achieved through clear separation and minimal dependencies between the entities involved in the system. The smart contract's code being public leads to transparency and openness. The system does not require any major changes in current distribution models for the most recognized games. In addition, by leaving storage space for custom data, it provides developers with additional surfaces to grow their games. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{l l l l l l l} \hline \hline  & **New Game** & **New Collection** & **Initialization** & **Securing Cards** & **Transfer** \\ \hline Ethereum & USD 75.2922 & USD 1.6180 & USD 3.0633 & USD 7.0283 & USD 0.0018825 \\ Polygon & USD 0.0928 & USD 0.0020 & USD 0.0038 & USD 0.0087 & USD 0.0000023 \\ Arbitrum & USD 0.1015 & USD 0.0022 & USD 0.0041 & USD 0.0095 & USD 0.000025 \\ Optimism & USD 0.0077 & USD 0.0002 & USD 0.0003 & USD 0.0007 & USD 0.0000002 \\ Avalanche & USD 2.2915 & USD 0.0492 & USD 0.0932 & USD 0.2139 & USD 0.0000573 \\ Base & USD 0.0240 & USD 0.0005 & USD 0.0010 & USD 0.0022 & USD 0.000006 \\ BSC & USD 1.6368 & USD 0.0352 & USD 0.0666 & USD 0.1528 & USD 0.0000409 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 4: Estimated costs of operations on major blockchain platforms. The costs associated with running the system are negligible for the system operator and developers. There are additional costs imposed on the users to secure the assets. At the same time, costs associated with second-hand markets, such as fees and shipment costs, are significantly reduced. The final financial impact needs further research. However, the main purpose of the system--to protect collectible assets from physical damage, theft, and counterfeiting--was achieved. Transferring proof of ownership to blockchain while leaving card representation separate was proven to be achievable and functional. The system was also proven to be economically viable. The current design of the system still requires some initial blockchain interaction and knowledge from the end user. Players need to create a wallet in advance and put enough tokens native to the blockchain platform to cover the gas fees for operations. It is possible to implement a system where redemption of the booster would be paid for from the game developer's wallet. This would further reduce the blockchain knowledge required from the user. As a trade-off, new risks would be created for the system. The game developer's wallet could lack funds, either due to them going out of business or from malicious actions. Such a situation would result in users not being able to redeem their cards. A hybrid solution could also be introduced, allowing the user to decide which wallet should fund the mint.