# AI-Enabled Interference Mitigation for Autonomous Aerial Vehicles in Urban 5G Networks +
## 4 5G, UAV, and gNB Functionality  
### 5G Functionality  
The utilization of 5G networks is regarded as advantageous for UAVs owing to their capacity to offer consistent connectivity while concurrently lowering cost and resource requisites. The 5G framework incorporates sophisticated radio access networks (RANs) and employs a plethora of technology enablers, such as beamforming, edge computing, network slicing, and others, to cater to an extensive array of wireless services. These advancements have a considerable influence on UAV communication, enabling greater flexibility and efficiency in operation. The recently introduced 5G Network Core is outlined in the Third Generation Partnership Project (3 GPP) standard [40] and is depicted in Figure 3, utilising a cloud SBA. This updated system encompasses all 5G-related functions and interactions, including session management, authentication, protection, and end-user traffic aggregation, which are briefly described below as defined in  
1. Network Exposure Function (NEF): A network component known as the Network Exposure Function (NEF) serves as a bridge between 3 GPP core network functionalities and external entities, including third parties and non-3 GPP environments. NEF plays a vital role in ensuring the security of interactions when services or application functions (AFs) connect to 5G core nodes. It can be likened to a versatile intermediary, an Application Programming Interface (API) aggregation hub, or a translator that facilitates seamless integration into the 5G core network. 2. Network Function Repository Function (NRF): The 5G Network Function Repository Function (NRF) is a critical component of the 5G network architecture that acts as a central registry for all the network functions available in a 5G network. The NRF maintains a database of all the network functions that are available in a 5G network, including core network functions, service functions, and network slice functions. It also provides information about the location and availability of these functions, allowing other network functions to locate and access them when needed. Some of the key functions of the NRF include registering and storing information about all network functions available in the network. The NRF is an essential component of the 5G network, enabling the dynamic and flexible allocation of network resources to support a wide range of use cases and services. By providing a centralised repository for network functions, the NRF simplifies the process of locating and accessing  
Figure 2: Interference in UAV networks. network resources, making it easier for network operators to deploy and manage their networks. 3. Network Slice Selection Function (NSSF): The 5G Network Slice Selection Function (NSSF) is a key component of the 5G network architecture that is responsible for selecting and assigning network slices to users based on their specific requirements and the availability of network resources. A network slice is a logical partition of the 5G network that is created to provide a specific set of services and capabilities tailored to the needs of a particular user or group of users. Network slices can be created for a wide range of use cases, including mobile broadband and mission-critical services. The NSSF plays a crucial role in enabling the dynamic and flexible allocation of network slices by performing user and device authentication and authorisation, network slice selection, and network slice management. Also, the NSSF allocates network resources to support the delivery of network slices, including RAN resources, core network resources, and transport network resources. 4. The Access and Mobility Management Function (AMF): It is a network function that is responsible for managing access and mobility for devices or users. It authenticates and authorises the device or user, manages access to the network, and ensures seamless mobility as the device or user moves between different network locations or coverage areas.