## 3 Discussion
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c} \hline \hline  & & **Cytotoxicity 1** & **Viability 1** \\ \hline
**Extract Type** &
\begin{tabular}{c} **Extract Concentration** \\ **[mg/mL]** \\ \end{tabular} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Mean Value [\%] \(\pm\) Standard Deviation**} \\ \hline Elderberry & 0.5 & 3.67 \({}^{\text{a}}\)\(\pm\) 0.03 & 92.44 \({}^{\text{a}}\)\(\pm\) 0.03 \\ Elderberry & 1.0 & 11.44 \({}^{\text{b}}\)\(\pm\) 0.03 & 94.45 \({}^{\text{a}}\)\(\pm\) 0.04 \\ (_Sambitcus nigra L._) & 1.5 & 91.83 \({}^{\text{a}}\)\(\pm\) 0.23 & 71.32 \({}^{\text{c}}\)\(\pm\) 0.11 \\  & 2.5 & 83.17 \({}^{\text{b}}\)\(\pm\) 0.17 & 65.97 \({}^{\text{c}}\)\(\pm\) 0.04 \\ \hline  & \(x\) & 46.35 & 91.90 \\ \hline Chokeberry & 0.5 & 0.00 & 95.04 \({}^{\text{b}}\)\(\pm\) 0.04 \\ (_Aronia melanocarpa_) & 1.0 & 10.49 \({}^{\text{b}}\)\(\pm\) 0.08 & 91.78 \({}^{\text{b}}\)\(\pm\) 0.07 \\  & 1.5 & 1.27 \({}^{\text{a}}\)\(\pm\) 0.01 & 94.35 \({}^{\text{b}}\)\(\pm\) 0.02 \\  & 2.5 & 53.01 \({}^{\text{d}}\)\(\pm\) 0.12 & 84.27 \({}^{\text{b}}\)\(\pm\) 0.09 \\ \hline  & \(x\) & 14.48 & 84.24 \\ \hline Control & 0.5 & 0.00 & 95.23 \({}^{\text{a}}\)\(\pm\) 0.04 \\  & 1.0 & 6.39 \({}^{\text{a}}\)\(\pm\) 0.00 & 96.63 \({}^{\text{a}}\)\(\pm\) 0.09 \\  & 1.5 & 2.79 \({}^{\text{a}}\)\(\pm\) 0.02 & 100.00 \({}^{\text{b}}\)\(\pm\) 0.03 \\  & 2.5 & 15.65 \({}^{\text{b}}\)\(\pm\) 0.05 & 91.64 \({}^{\text{a}}\)\(\pm\) 0.07 \\ \hline  & \(x\) & 9.26 & 83.14 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular} \({}^{1}\) The values of the superscript with different letters in columns are significantly different at \(p<0.05\).  
\end{table} 
Table 4: _Cont._In the cytotoxicity and viability assay of the tested extracts with wild grown fruits on WM793 melanoma and cytotoxicity on the MCF7 breast cell line, sea-buckthorn was documented to possess the strongest activity in this regard (\(p<0.05\)) (Tables 2 and 3, Figures 1 and 2). Sea buckthorn is a deciduous shrub or tree of the genus _Hippohane_ in the family _Elaengmacae_[14]. It is rich in approximately 200 nutritional and bioactive compounds and is therefore often referred to as a \"natural vitamin treasure house\" or \"source of nutrition and health care\" [14]. It is significant that the World Health Organization has ranked sea buckthorn among the top ten raw materials with health-promoting properties [4; 30]. Sea buckthorn berries are considered to be a wealth source of bioactive compounds, including vitamins, carotenoids (-carotene, zeaxanthin, lutein, lycopene, etc. ), polyphenols, flavonoids, organic acids, pectin, carbohydrates, polyunsaturated fatty acids, and essential amino acids [31]. It is also mentioned that the fruit flesh of sea buckthorn produces oil rich in valuable \(\omega\)-7 palmitoleic acid and carotenoids [30]. Sea buckthorn leaf aqueous extract efficiently affected androgen receptor (AR) and markedly reduced androgen response genes, prostate specific antigen (PSA), elevated lysine-rich leukemia 2 (ELL2), ELL-associated factor 2 (EAF2), and calreticulin (CALR) in vitro. Aqueous extract of sea buckthorn leaves efficiently suppressed the growth and progression of prostate cancer cells [2]. [PERSON] et al. [12] reported that sea buckthorn leaf extract at concentrations of 6.2 and 62 mg/mL significantly decreased the generation of intracellular ROS by 16.3 and 42.3%, respectively; increased the expression of the pro-apoptotic protein B-cell lymphoma-2 (BCL2)-associated X (Bax); and suppressed the fast multiplication of C6 glioma cells (11 and 49.5%). Authors concluded that sea buckthorn could be a potential source of pharmacological intervention for treating glioma. On the other hand, sea buckthorn isolated polyphenols, namely the active component of kaempfer and its derivatives, have exhibited significant anti-colon cancer effects in vitro and in vivo.