## 3 Results
### Associations of Hypertension with Anthropometric and Body Composition Indices  
Tables 3 and 4 represent the association of hypertension with anthropometric and body composition (body fat mass and BMD) indices in Korean men and women. Overall, 26.8% (N = 948) of 3540 participants exhibited hypertension. The prevalence of hypertension was higher in men than in women (27.1% and 26.4%, respectively). In men, among all the variables, WHtR (\(p<0.0001\), OR = 1.836, 95% CI [1.627-2.071]) presented the strongest association with hypertension during crude analysis. In addition, WHtR (adjusted \(p=0.0021\), adjusted OR = 1.390 [1.127-1.714]) exhibited the strongest association after adjusting for age, BMI, alcohol consumption, smoking, income, recognized stress rate, and education level. Among the body fat mass variables, trunk fat mass (TF, \(p<0.0001\), OR = 1.626 [1.443-1.832]) was the best indicator of hypertension, followed by total body fat mass (TBF, \(p<0.0001\), OR = 1.561 [1.389-1.755]) in crude analysis. However, these associations disappeared after adjustment for confounders. Among the BMD variables, pelvis BMD (PlvBMD, \(p=0.0079\), OR = 1.183 [1.045-1.339]) showed the highest association with hypertension, followed by thoracic spine BMD (TSBMD, \(p=0.0330\), OR = 1.126 [1.010-1.256]) in crude analysis. These associations also disappeared following adjustment for confounders. In women, age (\(p<0.0001\), OR = 1.832 [1.658-2.025]) showed the strongest association with hypertension among all variables. Moreover, TF (adjusted \(p=0.0004\), adjusted OR = 1.613 [1.237-2.104]) was associated in the adjusted analysis. WHtR (\(p<0.0001\), OR = 1.806 [1.612-2.022]) exhibited the highest association with hypertension among the anthropometric variables in crude analysis. Furthermore, WC (\(p<0.0001\), OR = 1.611 [1.440-1.802]) showed association with hypertension. Among these, the association with WC (adjusted \(p=0.0492\), adjusted OR = 1.231 [1.001-1.515]) was maintained following the adjusted analysis. Among the body fat mass variables, TF (\(p<0.0001\), OR = 1.499 [1.318-1.704]; adjusted \(p=0.0004\), adjusted OR = 1.613 [1.237-2.104]) showed the strongest association with hypertension, followed by TBFWH (\(p<0.0001\), OR = 1.324 [1.165-1.504]) in both crude and adjusted analyses. In the adjusted analysis, notably, right leg fat mass (RLF) and left leg fat mass (LLF) were negatively associated with hypertension (adjusted \(p=0.0246\), adjusted OR = 0.796 [0.652-0.971]; adjusted \(p=0.0334\), adjusted OR = 0.810 [0.667-0.983]). Head BMD (HDBMD, \(p=0.0003\), OR = 0.794 [0.703-0.898]) exhibited the highest negative association with hypertension in crude analysis. Total BMD (TBMD, \(p=0.0006\), OR = 0.797 [0.701-0.907]) was also associated with hypertension. In particular, TSBMD and left leg BMD (LLBMD) were associated with hypertension in the adjusted analysis (adjusted \(p=0.0152\), adjusted OR = 1.250 [1.044-1.496]; adjusted \(p=0.0237\), adjusted OR = 1.189 [1.024-1.381]). In the overall crude analysis, WHtR presented the strongest association with hypertension in men, whereas age demonstrated the strongest association in women. WHtR was also associated in men, although TF was associated in women upon adjusted analysis. In women, TSBMD was associated with hypertension; however, this association disappeared following adjustment for confounders in men. These analysis results thus suggested a sex-based difference in hypertension risk factors.