## Materials and Methods
### Model Description
#### 2.2.1 Ecophysiological Processes  
The DLM-Ecohydro model separates canopy into overstory, understory, moss and soil surface. According to different light conditions and soil moistures states of the rhizosphere, the leaves of each part were divided into sunlit and shade, saturated and unsaturated states. Taking overstory canopy, for example, the conceptualizations of leaf-specific physiological processes is listed as follows:  
\[\begin{split}\mathrm{P_{o,sun,sat}}&=\mathrm{f_{x}} \big{(}\mathrm{R_{sun}},\mathrm{g_{s,sun,sat}}\big{)},\\ \mathrm{P_{o,sun,unsat}}&=\mathrm{f_{x}}\big{(} \mathrm{R_{sun}},\mathrm{g_{s,sun,unsat}}\big{)},\\ \mathrm{P_{o,shade,sat}}&=\mathrm{f_{x}}\big{(} \mathrm{R_{sahde}},\mathrm{g_{s,shade,sat}}\big{)},\text{ and}\\ \mathrm{P_{o,shade,unsat}}&=\mathrm{f_{x}}\big{(} \mathrm{R_{s}}\mathrm{hade},\mathrm{g_{s,sahde,unsat}}\big{)},\end{split} \tag{1}\]  
where \(\mathrm{P_{o}}\) is overstory canopy transpiration or photosynthesis from: Sunlit leaves with saturated soil water condition (\(\mathrm{P_{o,sun,sat}}\)); sunlit leaves with unsaturated soil water conditions (\(\mathrm{P_{o,sun,unsat}}\)); shaded leaves with saturated soil water condition (\(\mathrm{P_{o,shade,sat}}\)); and shaded leaves with unsaturated water condition (\(\mathrm{P_{o,shade,unsat}}\)). Function \(\mathrm{f_{x}}\) can be either the Penman-Monteith equation for each sub-component of ET (except for sublimation) or the Farquhar model [31] for GPP simulation. R is overstory net radiation for ET and short wave radiation for GPP calculation for sunlit (\(\mathrm{R_{sun}}\)) or shaded (\(\mathrm{R_{shade}}\)) leaves; \(\mathrm{g_{s}}\), overstory stomatal conductance of H\({}_{2}\)O and CO\({}_{2}\) for ET and GPP, respectively, from: Sunlit leaves with saturated soil water condition (\(\mathrm{g_{s,sun,sat}}\)); sunlit leaves with unsaturated soil water conditions (\(\mathrm{g_{s,sun,unsat}}\)); shaded leaves with saturated soil water condition (\(\mathrm{g_{s,shade,sat}}\)); and shaded leaves with unsaturated water condition (\(\mathrm{g_{s,shade,unsat}}\)). The up-scaling scheme employed a specific LAI and root fraction as weighting terms, expressed as follows:  
\[\begin{split}\mathrm{P_{o}}&=[\mathrm{P_{o,sun,sat} }\times\mathrm{LAI_{sunlit}}\times\mathrm{\mu_{o}}+\mathrm{P_{o,sun,unsat}} \times\mathrm{LAI_{sunlit}}\times[1-\mathrm{\mu_{o}}]]+\\ &[\mathrm{P_{o,shade,sat}}\times\mathrm{LAI_{shade}}\times\mathrm{ \mu_{o}}+\mathrm{P_{o,shade,unsat}}\times\mathrm{LAI_{sahde}}\times(1-\mathrm{ \mu_{o}})],\end{split} \tag{2}\]  
where \(\mathrm{P_{o}}\) is overstory canopy ET or GPP, and LAI is the function of the solar zenith angle to divide sunlit (\(\mathrm{LAI_{sunlit}}\)) and shaded (\(\mathrm{LAI_{shade}}\)) leaves. \(\mathrm{\mu_{o}}\) represented overstory roots in the unsaturated zone and \((1-\mathrm{\mu_{o}})\) was that in the saturated zone. The fraction of root \(\mathrm{\mu}\) was the function of the root extinction coefficient and water table depth based on the specific pixel and Julian day [32]. The upscaling scheme defaulted the understory canopy just as has shaded leaves. There was no upscaling of soil surface physiological processes because the model deemed it as a single layer with ground specific radiation and soil conductance.