## 1 Introduction
The current topic in the age of the Internet of Things is the integration of electronic components into conductive textile yams without compromising textile properties such as flexibility, fit, heat and moisture transfer, and resistance to washing [8; 9; 10; 11; 12]. Only products that meet these requirements enable users to accept electronic textiles. A comprehensive review of techniques for integrating conductive materials into and onto textile structures was reported in [9]. [PERSON] et al. [8], [PERSON] and [PERSON] [10], and [PERSON] [11] critically reviewed the current state of knowledge concerning the materials, fabrication techniques, and structural designs of devices, as well as applications of fiber-based wearable electronic products, sensors, and antennas. Conductive threads also play a vital role in thermotherapy, where they are used as heating elements to produce the required temperature [13]. They can also improve passenger comfort by incorporating a heating mat made using, for example, distance knitting technology with heating elements into car seats [14]. The effect of ESD is the subject of intensive research. Such studies cover various aspects of yarn, fiber [15; 16], and textile manufacturing [1; 17; 18], as well as antistatic coating and finishing [19; 20; 21; 22; 23], modeling [24; 25; 26; 27], and testing [28; 29; 30; 31; 32; 33; 34; 35; 36; 37; 38; 39]. A book by [PERSON] [40] discusses the significance and fundamental kinds and methods of evaluating antistatic and conductive textiles. The performance of various conductive fibers and the manufacturing of conductive textiles are characterized. ESD research is essential not only in terms of economics but also in the recycling of end-of-life textiles. Natural fibers of plant origin (hemp and flax) and artificial cellulose fibers have the lowest charging tendencies. In contrast, natural fibers of animal origin (wool and natural silk) have a much higher charging abilities. Synthetic and artificial acetate fibers have an incomparably higher charging ability [29]. Industry produces many conductive materials for antistatic and electromagnetic wave-shielding purposes. In most textiles, conductive fibers are mixed with other fibers (natural or synthetic) to provide mechanical properties, mainly elasticity and tensile strength. There are various ways to prevent problems caused by ESD, including the grounding of all conductive parts, including personnel. Antistatic finishes can reduce static electricity that builds up on the fabric surface. Chemical auxiliaries used to manufacture yarns, knits, fabrics, and nonwoven fabrics also contain antistatic agents. Both homogeneous and heterogeneous antistatic textiles are available on the market. A homogeneous electrostatic fabric is made of a homogeneous material or a mixture of several different raw materials with slight differences in electrical conductivity. A heterogeneous electrostatic fabric is made of two or more components, one of which is a typical yarn and the other of which is conductive. The difference in electrical conductivity of the components is usually several orders of magnitude. Depending on the required levels of conductivity, geometry, strength, and process requirements, there are different methods for obtaining the desired electrical conductivity of the final product. Conductive yarns can be obtained by adding carbon or metals in various forms, such as wires, fibers, or particles. Conductive polymers can also be used. The textile can also be coated with conductive substances. Specialized textile products, such as dust-free, aseptic, explosion-proof, and antistatic workwear, use organic conductive fibers with high electrical conductivity. Polymers with an intrinsic ability to conduct electricity are also available. Coating conventional textile threads with a layer of conductive polymer allows them to achieve the required electrical conductivity while maintaining the strength and flexibility of the base thread.