## 1 Introduction  
Significant advances in power electronics technology have facilitated the rapid proliferation of renewable energy sources [1, 2]. Among the power converter topologies, the three-phase, two-level voltage source inverter (2L-VSI) is widely used in various industrial applications, including variable-speed drives [3], active power filters [4, 5], distributed power systems, and conversion systems based on renewable energy [6, 7]. The three-phase 2L-VSI consists of six switching devices, as shown in Figure 1. Although this particular converter topology is well regarded for its reliability and ease of control, it is vulnerable to different stresses that can lead to component failures and ultimately shorten its overall lifespan [8]. To address the increasing global demand for energy, particularly in microgrid and rural electrification applications, advanced converter topologies are continuously being developed. Among these, multilevel converters are gaining prominence due to their significant advantages, including reduced harmonic distortion, lower power losses, and decreased voltage stress on semiconductor switches, making them an excellent choice for low-, medium-, and high-power applications [9]. Thermal stress significantly contributes to the failure of power components. Therefore, the effective management of power losses is a critical design consideration for ensuring converter reliability and efficiency [9]. The increase in heat from higher losses reduces the lifespan of power semiconductors and decreases the efficiency of the power converter [10; 11]. During operation, forced commutation of power transistors causes power and heat losses, including conduction and switching losses for switches and free-wheeling diodes [8]. Reducing power loss in converters is crucial for minimizing thermal stress and improving efficiency, which, in turn, extends operational life [12]. Research on three-phase voltage source inverters (VSIs) focuses on high energy efficiency to make systems more viable and reduce energy loss [13]. Using high-quality components can enhance VSI reliability but may increase costs. The bulk and weight of heat sinks are also design challenges within inverter topologies [14]. Users of three-phase 2L-VSIs cannot reduce static losses, as these are fixed during manufacturing [15]. However, switching losses can be reduced by optimizing the switching frequency [16]. Soft switching techniques and advanced gate drivers can add complexity and affect reliability. Modulation techniques can alter commutation within the fundamental period of the output current, while switching frequency adjustments can modify the switching time intervals [8]. The challenge of variable switching frequency in conventional FCS-MPC, leading to a spread harmonic spectrum, is a significant concern [17; 18]. This variability not only complicates the design of filters--particularly \(LCL\) filters, where resonance excitation is a risk [17; 18; 19]--but also raises concerns about power loss, thermal profiles of semiconductor devices [20], and overall system reliability. Indeed, a variable switching frequency can make the design of filter components particularly challenging [21], and the resultant non-discrete harmonic spectrum may not comply with stringent grid code requirements for grid-tied converters [22]. Furthermore, conventional FCS-MPC and low-complexity MPC (LC-MPC) can cause a variable switching frequency and require a high sampling frequency [23]. To address these concerns, various schemes have been proposed, such as those employing virtual voltage vectors generated by two adjacent effective vectors to decrease control error while maintaining a constant switching frequency [23]. The inherent characteristic of FCS-MPC to directly select switching states without an external modulator often results in an unfixed switching frequency, a common  
Figure 1: Topology of the three-phase, two-level VSI connected through an \(LC\) filter to an isolated \(RL\) load. drawback [24].