###### Abstract  
There are significant risks in the construction sector, with falls from height identified a greater hazard than in most other industries. Efforts to improve working conditions and reduce accident rates have driven research into real-time monitoring technologies to reduce the risk of falls. The main objective of this research is to review existing real-time monitoring technologies, identify the most relevant, and analyse their benefits and impact on reducing workplace accidents in the construction sector. A systematic review was conducted using PRISMA methodology to investigate the use of real-time monitoring technologies in the construction industry. Only studies specifically investigating real-time fall risk assessment were included. Of the initial 446 articles reviewed, 39 were considered highly relevant to the research objectives. Various wireless and computer vision technologies were identified for real-time worker monitoring, often integrated with BIM to improve workplace safety. The findings suggest that a combination of technologies may produce more effective results for worker monitoring. However, further research is needed to verify the applicability of these technologies on construction sites. monitoring; technology; BIM; fall from height; safety 2025  
10 January 202511 February 2 Most construction accidents are caused by unsafe behaviour, and reducing or eliminating such behaviour is likely to improve workplace safety [7]. Traditional methods of determining worker behaviour are predominantly based on observational methods. While these methods can provide valuable insights, they are time-consuming, labour-intensive, and subjective. As a result of these limitations, existing studies have employed computer vision to identify unsafe actions by workers in the field [7], namely the incorrect use of personal protective equipment; wearable sensors to assess hazardous behaviour by workers while performing work [8]; and location technologies that can identify whether a worker is in a hazardous situation [9], thus preventing accidents at work. The traditional approach to monitoring workers relies on observations made by safety engineers, which are both time-consuming and inefficient for large, complex sites. Changes to original plans during construction often create new hazards, and the ever-changing environment of construction sites makes it difficult to apply safety measures promptly [9]. In addition, high accident rates in the sector indicate that current methods are insufficient to reduce workplace accidents [10]. The construction industry displays characteristics that set it apart from other sectors, i.e., it is complex, with many hazardous processes and working environments in day-to-day operations; there are many overlapping activities, equipment, and trades; and frequent changes occur throughout the construction process [11]. As a result, research has focused on continuously monitoring ongoing work to enhance the effectiveness of safety strategies, with automated management technologies acting as supplementary safety tools [12]. Construction sites need to evolve into intelligent workplaces where the real-time monitoring of worker behaviour is required to respond to and prevent accidents and injuries [13]. Tracking technologies, when integrated with various software modules that implement risk identification and alerting algorithms, are fundamental to proactive safety systems on construction sites, enabling real-time monitoring of the location of workers and assets [9]. Building information modelling (BIM) is a methodology that uses digital models to manage all phases of a construction project, from design to maintenance, integrating information on materials, costs, and schedules. It improves efficiency, reduces errors, and contributes to faster and safer deliveries. In terms of safety, BIM makes it possible to identify and simulate risks before physical execution, helping to plan accident prevention measures. Figure 1: Number of fatal accidents in UE [6].