## 4 Discussion
### Chronic Effects
The improvements reported in the speed of the upper extremities in [PERSON] [21] lead to greater speed in the execution of straight punches, which may be essential to reduce the reaction time of the opponent and prevent him from reacting in time to effectively block or dodge the punches. During combat, straight punches are the most direct and effective, being important for controlling the pace and tactics of combat, so the ability to generate force quickly in response to an observed or anticipated stimulus during competition is essential for a greater effectiveness of connected punches [1; 21; 91]. Continuing with the studies, [PERSON] et al. [61] found increases in muscle strength for bench press and squat exercises with 30% of 1 RM, 50% of 1 RM and 80% of 1 RM, specifically in maximum power, average power, peak velocity and mean velocity after a 8-week muscle strength training with unilateral and bilateral exercises in adolescent boxers. In this regard, there is limited evidence on the comparison of the effects of unilateral and bilateral training on strength adaptations. [PERSON] et al. [92] reported that strength-power adaptations were similar after 8 weeks of unilateral or bilateral muscle strength training in addition to polymetric exercises in untrained subjects. [PERSON] et al. [93] reported that 5 weeks of training with the rear foot elevated split squat or traditional back squat produced similar gains in unilateral and bilateral strength gains, sprint speed (10 and 40 m) and change of direction speed (Pro Agility) in academy rugby players. In combat sports, [PERSON] et al. [25] reported improvements in the explosive strength of the lower body of karate fighters, through the CMJ, single-leg CMJ, horizontal jumps and single-leg horizontal jumps after 6 weeks of unilateral and bilateral plymetric training, having shown two-leg training as a more effective method for reducing CMJ asymmetry; however, both methodologies improved the explosive strength of the lower body. Considering that the striking action in boxing is extremely dynamic, considerable levels of muscular power are required in both the upper and lower extremities to optimize punching performance [1]. As such, the localized effects of bench press training in the study by [PERSON] et al. [61] can be quickly translated into specialized techniques such as straight punches and jabs, effectively improving the speed and power of boxing athletes' punches, although this was not evaluated in the study. However, [PERSON] et al. [94] reported a positive correlation (\(p<0.05\)) between the maximum velocity of the bench press at submaximal intensity and the maximum velocity of the rear-hand straight punch. As mentioned in the previous sections of this scoping review, the force of the punch originates from the lower extremities of boxers [14; 61; 89]. Following this idea, research has shown that strength training through squats improves lower extremity strength in boxers by improving the effectiveness of punches [15; 89]. Furthermore, the CMJ height of boxers has shown a positive correlation with the total number of punches thrown in official fights and the strength of the rear-hand punch [95]. Now, although the effectiveness of bilateral exercises in increasing force transfer during the striking kinetic chain has been established in the studies in this scoping review, studies have suggested that unilateral exercises (e.g., rear-foot elevated split squat elevated) can have a superior transfer to sports performance as a result of the \"bilateral deficit\", in addition to the correction of muscular imbalances between the dominant and non-dominant extremities [96; 97; 98]. It is thought that, given the characteristic of the \"divided posture\" in the guard position of boxers (i.e., left foot forward in right-handed boxers or right foot forward in left-handed boxers) during training and competition, unilateral exercises, particularly for the lower body, could have a greater transfer to boxing performance [9].