## 1 Introduction  
Plants have been used for thousands of years for flavoring and conserving food and treating and preventing diseases. Secondary metabolites produced by plants are usually responsible for many biological activities [1]. The genus _Stachys_ L. (Lamiaceae) includes about 300 species as herbs or small shrubs that grow in temperate regions. Some species of this genus are used in folk medicine. These species are reported to contain many phytochemicals, such as flavonoids, alkaloids, diterpenes, triterpenes, phenolic acids, fatty acids, phenylpropane glycosides, iridoids, lignans, and phytosterols, and these phytochemicals have some biological activities [2]. Flavonoids are secondary metabolites known to have antioxidative, antiviral, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, and hepatoprotective effects. They have been used in treatment of many diseases for centuries. The biological activity, metabolism, and bioavailability of flavonoids are related to the configuration, hydroxyl group amount, and substitution of functional groups. Flavonoids are recognized as important components in nutraceuticall, pharmaceutical, medicinal, and cosmetic fields [3; 4; 5]. Apigenin is a yellow crystalline powder and has a hydroxyflavone structure. It is an alycone of many naturally occurring glycosides [6]. Luteolin is a 3,4,5,7-tetrahydrooxy flavone molecule found in fruit, vegetables, and medicinal plants. It has various biological activities [7]. Modifications in the chemical structure, such as hydroxylation, glycosylation, methylation, and acylation, of many flavonoids such as luteolin and apigenin can cause differences in their biological effects [8; 9]. It is important to isolate such flavonoids from plants and to investigate their various biological activities. Infectious diseases have been an important cause of death throughout history and cost the lives of one-third of the world's population in the 1900s. However, developments in the field of medicine in the 20 th century brought success in treatments [10]. For example, salvarsan, the first antibiotic discovered, was introduced in 1910, followed by penicillin in 1928. These developments in the field of modern medicine have brought along a miracle that has lasted for many years, and the average human lifespan has been extended by 23 years. Then, there was a gradual decrease in the discovery of antibiotics, and the problem of antimicrobial resistance began to come to the fore [11]. The problem of resistance to antibiotics is not a new problem. It is an issue that has been on the agenda for more than 50 years. For example, _St Staphylococcus aureus_ developed resistance in the 1950s to penicillin, which is normally a powerful weapon for infections since its first discovery. However, the development of new drugs such as vancomycin and methicillin in the following years prevented the problem of antibiotic resistance from being a serious concern worldwide for a long time [12]. Antibiotic resistance is a global health problem that has emerged as a result of the transfer of bacteria and resistance genes between humans and all other living things in nature [13]. By definition, antibiotic resistance is the ability of bacteria to resist and escape the effects of antibacterial drugs [14]. Antibiotic resistance causes prolonged hospitalization, increased treatment costs, and most importantly, an increase in death rates [15]. All these negative situations have made it important to obtain safe and inexpensive therapeutic agents from various medicinal plants for the discovery of new and reliable antimicrobials [16]. Tyrosinase (TYR) is an enzyme that takes part in melanin biosynthesis and determines the hair and skin color of humans and animals. Excessive production of melanin causes various pigmentation disorders such as melanoma, age spots and sites of actinic damage. In addition, TYR enzyme causes undesirable browning in plant-based foods as well as a decrease in nutritional quality and economic loss of food products. TYR enzyme inhibitors are used to eliminate these problems.