esa-sceva/satcom-chunk-collection huggingface dataset:
## 3 Results and Discussion  
### Sequences Analysis  
In the present work, the microbial communities of non-pasteurized donkey milk were analysed by high-throughput pyrosequencing. Partial 16S rRNA gene sequencing was obtained from DNA extracted after milking, and after three days of cold storage at 4 \({}^{\circ}\)C. After quality control, a total of 49,624 high-quality 16S rRNA gene sequences with an average length of about 450 bp were recovered, which were clustered at genera taxonomic level in 387 OTUs. The Shannon index was calculated based on 3% genetic distance for the samples. Reads distribution and Shannon values are shown in Table 1.  
Rarefaction analysis at genera taxonomic level indicated a satisfactory coverage of the microbial diversity within the samples analysed (Figure 1A,B).  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Sample** & **Sequences** & **Av. Length** & **Total Mb** & **Av. Quality** & **OTUs** & **Shannon Value** \\ \hline M\({}_{\text{d0}}\)–16S & 22,483 & 443.12 & 9.96 & 35.69 & 268 & 2.580 \\ M\({}_{\text{d3}}\)–16S & 27,141 & 446.46 & 12.12 & 36.07 & 119 & 0.478 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}
Table 1: Sample information, sequence abundance and quality, observed diversity richness (OTUs), and microbial diversity index (Shannon) for 16S rRNA amplicons of fresh donkey milk and cold-stored.  
Figure 1: _Cont._At genera taxonomic level, the number of OTUs and Shannon index for bacterial populations were about two- and five-fold higher in fresh milk than in cold-stored milk. A total of 103 OTUs were found to be shared by the two samples, which was about 87% of the OTUs in stored milk (Figure 1C), indicating that only a few bacterial populations of fresh milk could be detected after three days of cold storage. In contrast, [PERSON] et al. [20] reported that the bacterial composition of pasteurized milk samples during storage at 4 \({}^{\circ}\)C remained stable throughout the product shelf life, while storage at 8 \({}^{\circ}\)C significantly increased the abundance of OTUs, indicating the importance of prompt treatment to increase the microbial stability of milk.
# Video Human Action Recognition Based on Motion-Tempo Learning and Feedback Attention
## 4 Experiments
### Visualization  
To further understand the working mechanism of the proposed SMEN, Grad-CAM [46] is applied to visualize activation maps and the most discriminative feature locations on the Kinetics-400 dataset. As presented in Figure 10, the feature visualization results of TSM [7] and our SMEN are illustrated for the actions \"Triple jump\", \"Long jump\", and \"High jump\". In this activation map, the redder the area, the stronger the model's attention to that region. The input frames are sampled at equal intervals and cropped to 256 \(\times\) 256. In Figure 10, for the first action category \"Triple jump\", it can be observed that the TSM method focuses more on the \"take-off line\" rather than the motion tempos of human motion. In contrast, our method keeps its attention on human motion dynamics and tempos. Our method effectively focuses attention on the temporal information of the sub-actions \"Hop\", \"Skip\", and \"Jump\", which are more critical for classifying human actions. On the other hand, for the second action category \"Long jump\", it can be observed that the TSM method pays more attention to the \"Take-off line\" from frames T0 to T7, rather than to the motion tempos in human motion. In contrast to TSM, our method effectively captures part of the information related to the key sub-actions \"Action in the air\" and the fast-paced action \"Take-off\". For the third action category \"High jump\", from frames T3 to T7, it can be observed that TSM places more attention on the \"High jump bar\" rather than the various motion tempos of action. Our method focuses in a balanced manner on both action motion tempos and the action-specific contextual information \"High jump bar\", which can be observed from the brighter blue areas compared to the background in the class activation map. Besides, we employed Grad-CAM [46] to visualize class activation maps on the Something-Something V2 dataset. As presented in Figure 11, the feature visualization results of TSM [7] and our SMEN are illustrated on the Something-Something V2 dataset for the action categories \"Covering something with something\" and \"Holding something over something\". In these visualizations, we sampled eight frames from each video as input. Since the Something-Something V2 dataset primarily consists of short videos with durations of about 3 seconds, the tempo of sub-action motions within the videos changes rapidly.
## 3 Results
### Fatty Acids Composition
In contrast to our results, lower values were obtained by other authors for the dry-cured loin of the native Korean pig (40.22%) [29], \"Capollo di Martina Franca\" dry-cured product (38.4-40.19%) [31], and the dry-cured ham of the Celta pig (39.86-44.99%) [41]. Similar values were found by other authors [42] in the dry-cured loin of the Celta pig (47%). However, significant differences (\(p<0.001\)) were obtained between the two types of dry-cured products for the sum of MUFA. The dry-cured loin had a higher mean value of MUFA compared with the dry-cured \"cachaco\" (48.97% and 50.57%), respectively. The values for the PUFA content ranged from 6.65-7.58% and 7.20-8.00% in dry-cured loin and dry-cured \"cachaco\", respectively. There were significant differences between the products (\(p<0.05\)), but these differences were not evident between the different treatments (\(p>0.05\)). The dry-cured \"cachaco\" presented a higher PUFA value compared with the dry-cured loin. The average PUFA values obtained in this study were higher than those observed in the dry-cured loin of Iberian pork [43], Iberian \(\times\) Duroc genotypes [46], and the native Korean pig [29]. The lower values were found in the dry-cured loin of Alentejano [47]. Concerning the dry-cured \"cachaco\", higher values for total PUFA were found in similar products, such as \"Capollo di Martina Franca\" dry-cured product (11%) [37]. Moreover, in results contrary to the expectations, products from the Bisaro pigs fed with diets enriched in linoleic acid do not show higher content of this polyunsaturated fatty acid. This can be explained by the fact that the amount and structure of dietary fatty acids, the synthesis of fatty acids, the rate at which they are converted into other fatty acids and metabolites, and the ratio of oxidation to energy consumption all affect the concentration of PUFA [48]. Olive cake, which is rich in MUFA, reduces the amount of PUFA content in red blood cell membranes [48; 49]. Therefore, the fatty acid profile found in the processed products in the present study is in agreement with the characteristic fatty acid composition in swine. Although breed, diet, production systems, geographic location, and others are factors that affect the fatty acid composition in these types of dry-cured products, the lipid profile always follows the same trend. Several authors report similar values within dry-cured products of other breeds, such as the dry-cured loin of the Iberian pig [43; 46; 50], and the dry-cured loin of the Celta pig [6]. The possible deviations, apart from being due to the breed, are also due to the animals' diet. The diet can have an influence on the final composition of fatty acids in the case of monogastric animals that do not have the ability to synthesize polyunsaturated fatty acids [51]. This explains the low oleic acid values in the dry-cured loin and \"cachaco\" considering the diet is rich in C18:2n-6.
## 1 Introduction
Also note that there is another robotic node, \(R_{4}\), which is already working as a relay on the  
path. If the team of MSN nodes moves away from the base station, more robotic nodes will be added on the path to keep the team connected to the base-station. As also shown in Figure 1, each robotic node keeps adjusting its position according to the movements of its neighboring nodes. For example, robotic node \(R_{3}\) autonomously relocates itself to an optimal position for relaying as node \(A\) and \(B\) move. A simple yet effective heuristics for determining the new position of a robotic node is to place it in the mid-point of the poor link, since it will result in maximization of the link quality and minimization of the transmission power [10]. Robotic node can be placed in another position if it cannot be placed at the midpoint of the link due to geographical constraints. For instance, robotic node \(R_{2}\) is placed at another position due to an obstacle. The robotic node may resign as a relay, if a relay is no longer necessary. For example, if the distance between node \(A\) and \(B\) becomes close after movements and a high quality wireless link can be established between them, robotic node \(R_{3}\) will resign as a relay. It is worthwhile to note that there have been studies that considered controllable mobility of nodes in mobile wireless sensor networks due to its potentials in many applications. For example, nodes' controllable mobility can be used to reduce energy consumption while relaying data packets in a multi-hop fashion [11], to monitor electro-magnetic fields [12], and to deploy sensors at optimal positions for improving network coverage [13, 14]. There also have been studies that use controllable mobility to design routing protocols [11, 15, 16]. However, those works focus on minimizing the total energy consumption of nodes for communication and movements rather than maximizing the network throughput. Furthermore, those works assume that all nodes in the network are robotic agents, which make them less applicable to a practical mobile sensor network application considered in this paper (e.g., emergency search/rescue and military reconnaissance/surveillance operations). Figure 1: An example of mobile sensor network with robotic relays. The rest of the paper is organized as follows. In Section 2, we present the related work and contrast with proposed algorithms. The system model and general assumptions are presented in Section 3. Section 4 presents the detail algorithms of RoCoMAR and an analytical model. In Section 5, simulation setup and analysis are presented. Finally, Section 6 concludes the paper.
# A Blockchain Network Communication Architecture Based on Information-Centric Networking
## 4 Design
### Optimization of the Broadcast Protocol  
In BLOCK-ICN, ICN nodes broadcast messages in parallel within and across domains using multicast. Upon receiving a message, an ICN node further propagates it to P2P nodes via the gossip protocol. Figure 7 presents a schematic diagram of the broadcast protocol based on ICN multicast. In this protocol, domain gateway nodes act as multicast sources, transmitting multicast messages to intra-domain and inter-domain ICN nodes for further dissemination. The specific message broadcasting process is as follows:  
For domain gateway nodes,  
If the message originates from an intra-domain ICN node or a P2P node, the gateway node multicasts the message to both intra-domain and inter-domain multicast groups.  
If the message originates from an inter-domain gateway node via multicast, this indicates that the message has already been propagated across domains. In this case, the gateway node only needs to multicast the message to the intra-domain multicast group.  
Figure 6: Flowchart of the optimized heartbeat protocol.  
For regular ICN nodes,  
1. If the received message originates from a domain gateway node, the ICN node broadcasts the message to P2P nodes.
2. If the message originates from an intra-domain regular ICN node or a P2P node, the ICN node first sends the message to the domain gateway node and then propagates it to the P2P nodes.  
Figure 8 shows the architecture of the broadcast protocol based on ICN multicast and introduces the message broadcasting process of BLOCK-ICN when miner nodes come from the P2P network.  
Firstly, P2P network miner nodes, as the message source, send block messages to their surrounding neighbor nodes. When the messages are forwarded to the ICN nodes, the ICN nodes broadcast block messages to other ICN nodes in the intra-domain and inter-domain multicast groups through ICN multicast, and forward the block messages to P2P network blockchain nodes. Finally, the block messages are broadcast throughout the entire network. The ICN blockchain network acts as a relay network, accelerating the global broadcast efficiency of block messages.
# A Real-Time Detection of Pilot Workload Using Low-Interference Devices
## 4 Experimental Setup
### Indicator Extraction
#### 4.4.2 Seat Pressure  
Considering that the original pressure magnitude is significantly influenced by individual weight and aircraft ascent and descent, the indicator ultimately extracted from the pressure sensor is the center of gravity shifting rate, which reduces the impact of irrelevant factors.  
The raw data provided by the pressure-sensing seat cushion is a 32 \(\times\) 32 matrix, representing the pressure distribution for each frame, with a sampling rate of 20 Hz. From the pressure distribution matrix, the center of gravity position at each moment can be determined.  
\[x=\frac{\sum_{i=1}^{32}\sum_{j=1}^{32}j\cdot P_{ij}}{\sum_{i=1}^{32}\sum_{j=1}^ {32}P_{ij}},y=\frac{\sum_{i=1}^{32}\sum_{j=1}^{32}i\cdot P_{ij}}{\sum_{i=1}^{ 32}\sum_{j=1}^{32}P_{ij}} \tag{1}\]  
\[v_{\text{arg}}=\frac{1}{10f_{s}}\sum_{t=1}^{N}f_{s}\sqrt{(x_{t+1}-x_{t})^{2}+ (y_{t+1}-y_{t})^{2}} \tag{2}\]  
Through Formula (1), the center of gravity shifting rate can be calculated, and the average value of this rate over every 10 s is computed using Formula (2). This indicator can measure the tension level of participants' posture changes. Statistical results demonstrate that it has a certain correlation with the subjective scales calculated through NASA-TLX (r > 0.75).
# A Combined Approach of Field Data and Earth Observation for Coastal Risk Assessment
## 2 Methodology
### Tidal Correction  
After precise geocoding, land-sea boundaries extracted from SAR images have to be corrected for the effect of tidal levels and a datum-based shoreline can be defined. Neglecting tidal effects along low slope sandy beaches could lead to significant errors in evolution assessment, since high and low tide shoreline variation can be remarkable. Therefore, land-sea interface extracted from the images needs a final refinement, considering tidal oscillations, in order to be referred at 0 m above sea level. This refinement step requires a high resolution Digital Elevation Model (DEM) in the intertidal zone in order to evaluate slope along shore-perpendicular transects and tide values recorded by a tidal station in a near location. HRTI-5 is the DEM product level recommended for this correction [69].
# Integrated Communication and Measurement System with BOC-Assisted OFDM
## 5 Discussion  
The above simulations and analyses show the following:  
* The OFDM+BOC composite signal proposed in this paper can be used to perform high-speed communication and high-precision measurement at the same frequency. High data transmission is achieved by means of OFDM modulation, and high-precision measurement is achieved by means of BOC modulation.
* Based on the properties of BOC and OFDM signals, we present a reception process for the composite signal, including acquisition, tracking and demodulation. In the demodulation stage, we adopt the high-precision Doppler frequency offset tracked by the BOC signal to assist in the demodulation of the OFDM signal. Thus, the influence of the Doppler frequency offset on the OFDM signal is significantly reduced, and the communication performance is improved.
* The acquisition and tracking performance under different conditions is simulated. The results suggest that the acquisition and tracking performance for the BOC signal is not affected by the power ratios when \(CNR\geq 63\,\mathrm{dB}\). Moreover, a significant improvement in the measurement accuracy is achieved.
* Furthermore, the high-precision Doppler frequency offset tracked by the BOC signal is adopted for carrier Doppler compensation to assist in the demodulation of the OFDM signal. We compare the communication performance with carrier Doppler compensation to that with channel compensation. In a low-speed mobile environment, the BER of the composite signal with carrier Doppler compensation is almost two orders of magnitude lower than that with channel compensation. In a high-speed mobile environment, the composite signal can no longer be correctly demodulated with only channel compensation, whereas the BER of the composite signal with carrier Doppler compensation is still below \(10^{-4}\). This proves that the carrier Doppler compensation method proposed in this paper can greatly reduce the impact of the Doppler frequency offset on OFDM signal and improve the communication performance of UAVs in high-speed mobile environments.
## 2 Methods
### MMGBSA Energy Calculations  
To evaluate the theoretical free energies of binding of the peptides and the conjugates with the receptors, we have utilized the molecular mechanics generalized Born surface area (MM-GBSA) method to calculate the relative binding free energies [48]. The free energy of binding can be calculated as \(\Delta\)G (bind) = \(\Delta\)G (solv) + \(\Delta\)E (MM) + \(\Delta\)G (SA) where \(\Delta\)G solv is the difference in solvation energy of the ligand-bound receptor complex and the sum of the solvation energies for the free ligand and receptor [49]. \(\Delta\)E (MM) is the difference in the minimized energies between receptor-ligand complex and the sum of the energies of each of the free ligands and receptor while \(\Delta\)G (SA) is the difference in surface area energies of the ligand-receptor complex and the sum of the surface area energies for each of the neat ligands and receptor. The polar effect of free energy is examined by a generalized Born model with an external dielectric constant of 80 and an internal dielectric constant of 1, while the non-polar energy contribution is calculated from the solvent accessible surface area (SASA). The Prime module of the Schrodinger Suite 2020-03 was used to calculate the free energies [50]. Output trajectory files from each MD simulation were analyzed using the script thermal_mmgbsa.py. The average free energy of each receptor-ligand complex through the 100 ns MD simulation was determined.
## 1 Introduction
A computational program to represent an n-dimensional system in phase-space was analyzed in [PERSON] (1968). The reported system consisted on a phase space navigator and a user interface, and it allowed to accomplish the following tasks: simulate the proposed system with different initial conditions, plot trajectories in a paper sheet, and to design controller laws. Unfortunately, that paper reported a maximum of a three-dimension system. Another interesting computational tool based on SIMULINK was analyzed in [PERSON] (1968). The study regarded piecewise-linear systems and represented them as a set of convex polytopes. A tetrahedron was used to represent a four-dimension system, and the \"hyperplane\" term was defined. Limiting the capacity of the proposed system up to five states, as stated by authors, was the main limitation. On the other hand, a three-dimensional case for phase portrait and some explicit formulas by using Lyapunov exponents was given in [PERSON] (1968). Indeed, the main contribution of that study was to calculate analytically a Lyapunov exponent from three dimensional quadratic mappings. Nevertheless, extension of this methodology for more than this case was not stated. An hyperchaotic four-wing dimensional system was analyzed in [PERSON] (1968). Phase portrait for a combination of the four states, numerical and practical results were reported. However, applications of the proposed system were not documented. As can be noticed from the previous discussion, there is still the question of whether it is possible to extend phase portraits to a higher order and the mathematical basis from the reader's perspective. In summary, these studies highlight the need for developing a standardized graphical tool capable to represent, methodically in a single stage, the overall dynamics of complex systems. Indeed, a systematic approach for representing more than \(\mathbb{R}^{2}\), to the author's knowledge, has not yet been reported. Therefore, in this paper is proposed a method to address this question. Initially, it is shown that usingcombinations of states to generate a set of phase portraits is enough to determine without loss of information the complete behavior of the immediate system dynamics for a set of initial conditions. Further, are provided three graphical tools capable to represent methodically the phase portrait for higher order systems including alternatives that aim to maintain only relevant information on the dynamics and simplifying the phase portrait construction. This paper is organized as follows. In Section 2 are reported foundation, procedure, and some examples to plot the phase portraits by state combinations. In Section 3, the same topics to plot the phase portraits by a coordinates transformation (order reduction) are reported. In Section 4, an n-dimensional phase portrait by a state-by-state plot is reported. In Section 5, final conclusions are given.
## 6 Conclusions  
We have proposed a secure, privacy-preserving and efficient V2I communication protocol, based on various crypto primitives such as AoN-PKEET, NIZKP and partially blind signatures. Our scheme provides strong security guarantees both from insiders and outsiders, even under the presence of untrusted authorities. Indeed, framing and impersonating trusted vehicles is not possible, even in the case where all authorities are compromised. In addition our scheme provides privacy against honest-but-curious authorities. We formally analyzed the security and privacy properties. Finally, through simulations we measure the efficiency of the proposed scheme for realistic scenarios.  
In its current form, our scheme is suitable only for V2I communication. As future work, we intend explore possible extensions of the proposed scheme for V2V communication. We also intend to explore ways to minimize the required trust for the SA, possibly with the use of tamper proof devices.  
Conceptualization, P.K. (Panayiotis Kalogeropoulos) and D.P.; methodology, all; software, P.K. (Panayiotis Kalogeropoulos) and D.P.; validation, P.K.(Panayiotis Kalogeropoulos), and P.K. (Panayiotis Kotzanikolaou); formal analysis, P.K. (Panayiotis Kalogeropoulos) and P.K. (Panayiotis Kotzanikolaou); investigation, P.K. (Panayiotis Kalogeropoulos) and D.P.; resources, P.K. (Panayiotis Kalogeropoulos) and D.P.; data curation, P.K. (Panayiotis Kalogeropoulos) ; writing--original draft preparation, all; writing--review and editing, all; visualization, P.K. (Panayiotis Kalogeropoulos) and D.P.; supervision, P.K. (Panayiotis Kotzanikolaou); project administration, P.K. (Panayiotis Kotzanikolaou); funding acquisition, P.K. (Panayiotis Kotzanikolaou). All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.