## 1 Introduction  
In complex and diverse healthcare environments, environmental comfort is a key factor that affects the evaluation of patient satisfaction [1]. The acoustic and thermal environment has the most direct influence on the patient's comfort level and satisfaction. Currently, there are a considerable number of thermal comfort studies on hospitals and other healthcare buildings. Some studies are focused on environmental parameters, such as the indoor temperature, humidity, and air movement [2], while some other investigations have been presented in terms of the thermal discomfort and thermal sensation of patients and hospital staff [3; 4; 5]. According to the international standards of hospitals, the desirable indoor air temperature of regular wards is 20-24 \({}^{\circ}\)C, and the recommended levels of relative humidity are from 30% to 60% (ISO 7330 [6]). Previous research has shown that a high temperature may cause an increased out-gassing of toxins from building materials and provide more favorable growing conditions for bacteria, and low humidity can increase susceptibility to respiratory disease and contribute to irritation [7]. Therefore, the standards for temperature and humidity rangesin healthcare buildings are influenced by the measure of infection control. However, whether the thermal environment within this range is comfortable for patients seems to be ignored. Acoustic comfort in hospital buildings has also been widely studied by researchers. Noise has been identified as a major stressor in hospitals [8]. [PERSON] et al. [9] proposed that the general noise from nearby people was the most annoying sound, and patients' social characteristics would not significantly affect their acoustic environment evaluation. Different types of noise can be considered as acoustic pollution, and patients exposed to high amounts of noise are at a much higher risk [10]. Researchers have also measured the noise levels or studied the sound field of various healthcare environments [11; 12]. [PERSON] and [PERSON] found that the hospital acoustic environment differed significantly every night; meanwhile, more intrusive noises tended to originate from multi-bed wards, while more extreme sounds were likely to occur in single wards [13]. Studies have found that long-term exposure to noise can lead to a range of health problems, such as an increase of cardiovascular morbidity [14] and blood pressure [15], sleep disturbances [16], and overproduction of cortisol [17]. However, the sound is not always annoying [18]. [PERSON] et al. showed, through a survey of a nursing home, that acoustic interventions had direct positive outcomes, as well as both positive and negative outcomes in terms of the perceived indirect effects [19]. Patients' feeling of comfort is influenced by a variety of environmental factors, and some researchers have conducted environmental interaction research. Humans perceive comfort through the interaction of various sensory stimuli and their integration in various environments. Thermal and acoustic influences are the two aspects that have the greatest influence on environmental comfort [20]. Previous research has shown that thermal comfort and acoustic comfort may influence each other [21]. A research on schools, as a case study, found that acoustic comfort was affected by thermal factors, especially in winter ([PERSON] et al., 2009) [22]. [PERSON] and [PERSON] (2004) proposed that acoustic comfort and perception were affected by temperature [23]. [PERSON] and [PERSON] (2019) found that the impact of acoustics on indoor environmental comfort was the greatest and acoustic comfort increases under thermo neutrality [24]. However, little attention has been paid to the interactions between the sound and thermal influences inside hospitals. Meanwhile, all of these case studies were undertaken in just a single hospital, and general conclusions based on the results from just one case study are considered to be insufficient.