## 3 Results  
The overall mean \(\pm\) SD of the MD was significantly smaller (14.12 \(\pm\) 6.26 \(\upmu\)m) before cementation than after (20.28 \(\pm\) 13.56 \(\upmu\)m; \(p\) = 0.001). The 95% confidence interval for MD before cementation ranged from 5.29 \(\upmu\)m for the lower bound to 28.37 \(\upmu\)m for the upper bound. After cementation, the lower bound was 8.56 \(\upmu\)m and the upper bound was 71.28 \(\upmu\)m (Table 1). Figure 8: Steps of the cementation protocol of the Ti base. No significant differences were found between the aspects (\(p\) = 0.320) and no interaction between them (\(p\) = 0.575) (Table 2, Figure 9). The overall mean value of the AMD before cementation was 54.85 \(\pm\) 35.85 \(\upmu\)m, whereas the AMD after cementation was 116.0 \(\pm\) 77.07 \(\upmu\)m (\(p\) < 0.001). No significant differences were found between the aspects (\(p\) = 0.193) and the interaction (\(p\) = 0.162) (Table 3, Figure 10). The average AMD before cementation was smaller than after cementation (\(p\) < 0.001). No significant differences were found between the three aspects (\(p\) = 0.504) or the interaction between aspects (\(p\) = 0.063) (Table 4, Figure 11). The MD and AMD measurements were smaller before cementation (Figures 12 and 13). No differences or interactions were found between the three aspects (\(p\) > 0.05). \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{l c c c c} \hline
**Parameter** & **N** & **Minimum** & **Maximum** & **Mean** & **SD** \\ \hline MD before cementation & 25 & 5.29 & 28.37 & 14.12 & 6.26 \\ \hline MD after cementation & 25 & 8.56 & 71.28 & 20.28 & 13.56 \\ \hline AMD before cementation & 25 & 17.88 & 192.66 & 54.85 & 35.85 \\ \hline AMD after cementation & 25 & 32.80 & 361.56 & 116 & 77.07 \\ \hline Average AMD before cementation & 25 & 17.82 & 180.40 & 61.02 & 36.73 \\ \hline Average AMD after cementation & 25 & 34.18 & 362.18 & 123.35 & 75.79 \\ \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 1: Summary of overall mean of all parameters before and after cementation (\(\upmu\)m). The mean values of all parameters were larger after cementation. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{l c c c} \hline
**Parameter** & **Mean** & **SD** & **N** \\ \hline MD before cementation aspect 1 & 13.84 & 7.65 & 25 \\ \hline MD before cementation aspect 2 & 12.59 & 7.39 & 25 \\ \hline MD before cementation aspect 3 & 15.93 & 8.47 & 25 \\ \hline MD after cementation aspect 1 & 21.34 & 19.6 & 25 \\ \hline MD after cementation aspect 2 & 19.97 & 17.52 & 25 \\ \hline MD after cementation aspect 3 & 19.53 & 7.58 & 25 \\ \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 2: Mean values (\(\upmu\)m) and standard deviation of MD before and after cementation from 3 aspects. The mean MD values from the 3 aspects were smaller before cementation than after cementation. Figure 9: The distribution of the MD values (\(\upmu\)m) and standard deviation before and after cementation. The MD values of the 3 aspects were lower before cementation than after. Figure 11: The distribution of the average AMD values (\(\upmu\)m) and standard deviation before and after cementation. The values before cementation were lower than those after cementation. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{l c c c} \hline \hline
**Parameter** & **Mean** & **SD** & **N** \\ \hline AMD before cementation aspect 1 & 72.03 & 98.50 & 25 \\ \hline AMD before cementation aspect 2 & 47.06 & 35.84 & 25 \\ \hline AMD before cementation aspect 3 & 45.45 & 27.88 & 25 \\ \hline AMD after cementation aspect 1 & 157.15 & 211.84 & 25 \\ \hline AMD after cementation aspect 2 & 112.22 & 92.35 & 25 \\ \hline AMD after cementation aspect 3 & 78.48 & 59.65 & 25 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 3: The mean values (\(\upmu\)m) and standard deviation of AMD before and after cementation from 3 aspects. The AMD after cementation from aspect 1 was the highest of all AMD values before and after cementation. Figure 10: The distribution of the AMD values (\(\upmu\)m) and standard deviation before and after cementation. The AMD value after cementation from aspect 1 was the largest.