# Intelligent Transportation System Technologies, Challenges and Security
## 2 Intelligent Transportation Systems
### Intelligent Transportation System Applications  
ITS applications consist of vehicles and users' electronic payment systems, automatic parking systems, travel assistance systems, accident avoidance, traffic lights, and security systems. All of these systems communicate within themselves, and data are sent and received between them. Safer journeys are aimed thanks to security systems and sensors. Electronic payment devices are a basic infrastructure system for ITS users. The systems can be grouped into four main groups from the transportation management perspective. ITS provides significant access to cleaner, safer, and more efficient transport systems. Due to their superiority, ITS systems are applicable in all areas of road, airways, seaway, and railway transportation and have been integrated into all systems and subsystems used [15]. ITS general applications and subsystems of the applications are shown in Figure 3.  
Figure 3: ITS applications [15]. Figure 2: ITS path example [14]. ITS applications encompass a diverse range of technologies and solutions to enhance transportation networks' efficiency, safety, and sustainability. Here are some key applications of ITS [16]:  
Traffic Management: ITS utilizes real-time data collection, traffic monitoring sensors, and predictive analytics to optimize traffic flow and reduce roadway congestion. Adaptive traffic signal control systems adjust signal timings based on current traffic conditions to improve intersection efficiency. Public Transportation Management: ITS improves the operation and management of public transportation systems, including buses, trains, and subways. Real-time passenger information systems provide commuters with up-to-date information on schedules, delays, and service disruptions, enhancing the overall passenger experience. Traveler Information Systems: ITS applications provide travelers with real-time information on traffic conditions, road closures, weather alerts, and alternative routes through dynamic message signs, mobile apps, and websites. This empowers users to make informed decisions and plan their journeys more effectively. V2I Communication: V2I communication enables vehicles to exchange data with roadside infrastructure, such as traffic signals and toll booths. This technology facilitates vehicle prioritization at intersections, electronic toll collection, and emergency vehicle preemption, improving overall traffic efficiency and safety. Connected and Autonomous Vehicles (CAVs): CAVs leverage ITS technologies, such as sensors, GPS, and communication systems, to enable vehicles to communicate with each other and the surrounding infrastructure. These vehicles can autonomously navigate traffic, reduce collisions, and optimize route efficiency, potentially revolutionizing the future of transportation. Transportation Demand Management: ITS solutions support transportation demand management strategies by promoting alternative modes of transportation, such as car-pooling, ridesharing, and biking. Dynamic ridesharing platforms and congestion pricing systems incentivize travelers to choose sustainable transportation options, reducing traffic congestion and environmental impact. Parking Management: ITS applications optimize parking management through sensors, smart meters, and mobile apps. These systems provide real-time information on parking availability, facilitate electronic payments, and help reduce traffic congestion caused by drivers searching for parking spaces. Freight Management: ITS solutions enhance the efficiency and security of freight transportation networks by providing real-time tracking, monitoring, and routing of shipments. Advanced logistics systems optimize freight movements, reduce delivery times, and minimize fuel consumption and emissions. These applications demonstrate the diverse ways ITS are revolutionizing how we move people and goods, leading to safer, more efficient, and sustainable transportation networks.