## 6 Practical Applications  
Based on the research conclusions, the practical applications of this study in arid regions are mainly reflected in the following aspects:By revealing the interannual variation characteristics of GPP in arid regions, relevant theories can be directly referenced in the subsequent construction of the carbon cycle system in arid regions, thereby avoiding unreasonable interannual variations.
2 By revealing the most suitable SIF satellite products for GPP estimation in arid regions, the relevant satellites can be directly applied in subsequent analysis of the spatial and temporal patterns of carbon storage in arid regions based on GPP, an important factor of carbon source/sink, thus avoiding repeated comparative validation.
3 By revealing the methods for improving the accuracy of SIF satellite products in arid regions, these methods can be directly applied in subsequent accuracy improvement of other SIF satellite products in arid regions, thus avoiding repeated exploration and analysis.
4 By revealing the spatial characteristics of GPP indirectly reflected by SIF in arid regions, accurate carbon reduction policies can be directly constructed based on the spatial patterns to achieve \"carbon neutrality\" in arid regions, thus avoiding discrepancies between practice and reality.  
W.L.: Conceptualization, data curation, investigation, methodology, resources, project administration, software, visualization, writing--original draft, writing--review and editing. Y.W.: software, supervision. A.M.: conceptualization, funding acquisition, supervision, writing--review and editing, resources. Y.L.: conceptualization, methodology, writing--review and editing, supervision. J.G.: data curation. M.S.: validation. A.A.: data curation. C.W.: validation. F.Y., C.Z., W.H., J.P. and H.S.: formal analysis. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.  
This study received funding support from the following projects. The National Natural Science Foundation of China, grant number: 42305132, funder: [PERSON]; The Youth Innovation Team of the China Meteorological Ad-ministration, grant number: CMA2024 QN13, funder: [PERSON]; Research on the Carbon Budget and Influencing Factors of Grassland Ecosystem in the Central Tianshan Mountains, grant number: KJFZ02403, funder: [PERSON]; The Scientific and Technological Innovation Team (Tianshan Innovation Team) project, grant number: 2022 TSYCTD0007, funder: [PERSON]; The National Natural Science Foundation of China, grant number: 42375084, funder: [PERSON]; The Special Project for the Construction of Innovation Environment in the Autonomous Region, grant number: PT2203, funder: [PERSON]; And the Special Funds for Basic Scientific Research Business Exposes of Central-level Public Welfare Scientific Research Institutes, grant number: IDM2021005 and IDM2021001, funder: [PERSON] and [PERSON].  
The site data used in this article is confidential and can be obtained from [PERSON]. ([EMAIL_ADDRESS]) upon request.  
The SIF satellite product data were obtained from the National Tibetan Plateau Scientific Data Center ([[http://data.tpdc.ac.cn](http://data.tpdc.ac.cn)]([http://data.tpdc.ac.cn](http://data.tpdc.ac.cn)), accessed on 18 September 2023), Earth System Research Center, and the Earth Data Center. The situ observation data were obtained from the Institute of Desert Meteorology, China Meteorological, Urumqi. We extend our sincere appreciation for their substantial contributions to the completion of this paper.  
The author declares that all individuals included in this article have consented to the acknowledgement. There are no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.