## 1 Introduction
(2024) employed the digital volume correlation method using particle tracking to improve earlier aspects of the precision variables associated with traditional methods. This offers superior precision measures of volume change when shear occurs on the soil sample [PERSON] et al. (2020). Lastly, [PERSON] et al. (2021) [PERSON] et al. (2021) demonstrated methods for considering soil sample volume change and the benefits and efficiencies of digital image methodologies. That is, three researchers concluded that these methodologies provide both efficacy and cost benefits when applied to laboratory methodologies. Numerous researchers have measured the matric suction of unsaturated soil samples with high-capacity tensiometers (HCTs) over the past 20 years. Tensiometers, especially traditional ones, are commonly used for measuring soil suction in soil science; however, they are typically constrained to values less than 100 kPa because of the cavitation effect of water [PERSON] et al. (2020). Recently, researchers developed new HCTs with higher performance for processing matric suction greater than 100 kPa. For example, [PERSON] et al. (2022) [PERSON] et al. (2022) recently used a new ceramic material with a higher air entry value (AEV) in the design of HCTs that facilitated the measurement of matric suction in excess of 3 MPa, which is an important feature for testing unsaturated soil samples. The introduction of high-capacity tensiometers has led to direct, reliable suction measurements. [PERSON] et al. (2022) [PERSON] et al. (2022) evaluated osmotic pressure tensiometers (OT) to determine soil water characteristic curves (SWCC), finding that OT responded faster in the suction range of 10-1500 kPa and provided higher accuracy than traditional methods. [PERSON] et al. (2021) [PERSON] et al. (2021) introduced a new osmotic pressure tensiometer using cross-linked polymer solutions, which both expanded the range of suction measurement and enhanced reliability for long-term monitoring. In the application of a high-suction tensiometer, [PERSON] et al. (2022) [PERSON] et al. (2022) proposed a new method for soil suction measurement based on NTU osmotic pressure tensiometers, which can accurately measure stable soil suction over time and is suitable for field monitoring. [PERSON] et al. (2023) [PERSON] et al. (2023) developed a vacuum saturation technique (VCSM) to enhance the saturation process of high-suction tensiometers, thereby increasing their usability in laboratory and field settings. [PERSON] et al. (2024) [PERSON] et al. (2024) proposed a real-time suction measurement technique based on fiber optic polymer sensors for application in unsaturated soil mechanics tests using high-suction tensiometers, which can measure suction valuesfrom 96 kPa to 911,456 kPa and exhibited good stability in shear and volume deformation tests. [PERSON] et al. (2023) [PERSON] et al. (2023) proposed improved HCT technology along with volume measurement techniques to provide higher fidelity in obtaining soil water characteristic curves. Although high-suction tensiometers establish superior accuracy for measurement properties, there are still challenges that remain. [PERSON] et al. (2024) [PERSON] et al. (2024) noted that HCTs experience pressure decay after relatively prolonged periods of use, highlighting the need for calibration to improve stability. Moreover, [PERSON] et al. (2023) [PERSON] et al. (2023) evaluated thermal physical parameter testing methods of HCTs and added optimized calibration functions to improve measurement accuracy in complicated environments. [PERSON] et al. (2006) [PERSON] et al. (2006) conducted constant water content triaxial tests on both saturated and unsaturated soil samples. Measures of suction and volume change were taken using a high-suction tensiometer and a double-chamber method, respectively.