## 4 Results
### Cyber-Attacks and Security Risks
By blocking trusted routing, these attacks slow down the network by taking advantage of infected insider nodes. A faulty sensing node may post inaccurate channel sensing data following an attack, which is advantageous to the node but harmful to more reliable nodes. Intricate attacks are typically used by enemies for two reasons. The main goal is to stop criminal damage, which happens when untruthful people claim a channel is empty when it's actually in use. The second goal is exploitation when sensing indicates that a channel is not being used. This happens when an attacker makes up a busy signal to try to use a channel exclusively. Attackers can increase the efficacy of their attacks by giving priority to these goals [83]. The flaw in the aurora generator was found by the Idaho National Laboratory. By using a series of improper control commands, the attacker tries to open and close the circuit breaker on a generator in this type of attack. The disconnecting of the generator from the utility grid is referred to as interruptions. When the system and generator lose synchronization the safety mechanism can react, the Aurora Assault's goal is to reclose the circuit breaker. The aurora attack alters the generator's electrical output and rotational speed, which causes physical damage. This is due to the safety features of the generator being purposefully delayed to prevent accidental tripping. Closing the circuit breakers could be harmful to the generator because of the difference in frequency and phase angle between the generator and the main grid. Which circuit breakers are most vulnerable to Aurora attacks can be determined using a score method using vulnerability rating variables. Modeling and research into the effects of an aurora attack on the PCC and synchronous generator breakers of the micro grid may be found in [84]. Sync-check relays, which were previously used to defend against aurora attacks, are not permitted according to the IEEE 1547 Standard because they have the potential to unintentionally turn a micro grid into an island. The authors showed that tripping a micro grid's main circuit breaker could cause harm to the synchronous generator. The retail industry has recently given demand-response technology, which can enhance the functioning of the electrical grid, more attention [85]. At its core, demand-response demands, response an incentive-based control system in which incentives are communicated through command signals. In [86] simulation of an attacker with the goal of increasing the gap between production and consumption by hacking the transmission channel and changing market prices using an assault time series made the attack considerably more potent. One-shot assaults, in which harmful code is inserted just once, are different from this kind of attack. In [87] Looked at attacks that might insert false pricing information at any point over an extended period of time. Attacks that occur frequently can lead to power imbalances that cause overproduction, financial losses, and poor power quality. The amount of damage caused by repeated strikes was calculated by the authors using a technique called \"sensitivity analysis.\" The authors used a sensitivity function based on the z-transform to model the system's behavior when analyzing its behavior over time. Challenges with energy-exchange systems were looked at by [88]. The end-user network's controllers quickly receive a price signal from the active market, and the network rapidly transmits bid information back to the controllers. Hackers can access the data that is sent between a prosumer and a market agent. The pricing attack was made worse by the insertion of fictitious prices and quantities from prosumers due to the deployment of malware. These attacks caused the market clearing price to fluctuate, each prosumer used a different amount of energy, and the overall demand on distribution feeders decreased.