esa-sceva/satcom-chunk-collection huggingface dataset:
# Phishing Attacks Survey: Types, Vectors, and Technical Approaches
## 3 Phishing Methods and Techniques
### Phishing Technical Approaches
#### 3.3.1. Spear Phishing
Both studies also found that there was a large discrepancy between self-reported susceptibility (indicated as low) and actual susceptibility (found to be high) that was particularly marked in older generations. The most successful area for spear phishing seems to be the legal area, with participants showing a surprising immunity to emails that targeted the subject's finances [37]. Advance Persistent Threats (APTs) are the most likely sources of spear phishing attacks as they have the resources to closely investigate their targets and craft high quality fake emails, as can be seen in their use in Operation Aurora and against the French foreign ministry [38]. Since APTTs tend to utilize zero-day exploits, spear phishing attacks are perfect for the distribution of this type of malware because, although this method may be slow, it is a low-profile method of attack. If the attack is successful, the phisher can remain hidden and perform espionage or sabotage, which are often the objectives of an APT. To create high-quality phishing emails that are relevant to the target, a phisher must first research their victim. There are various methods a phisher may use to achieve this goal. The first is browser sniffing, which reveals the websites frequently used by the target by assessing access time through analysis of cookies, the Domain Name System (DNS) cache, or URLs. If the access time for a particular site is short, then it is likely the target frequents the site. In order to sniff this information, the attacker must first use a website with advertisements or another means to embed JavaScript, such as a Hyper Text Markup Language (HTML) email, to deploy a script which will in turn inform the phisher of the access times for sites. With this information, the phisher can now more carefully craft an email to appear as if it originates from a site the victim is familiar with.
## 3 Results and Discussions
### Structural and Microstructural Properties  
#### 3.4.1 XRD Analysis  
The XRD patterns of all pastes at 28 days are shown in Figure 9. Compared with the BOF slag pattern, the intensities of some diffraction peaks remarkably decreased and some peaks disappeared. The appearance of a broad hump below 10\({}^{\circ}\) 20 and around 29\({}^{\circ}\) 20 (dotted red circle) became clear, indicating that an amorphous phase structure, such as C-S-H/C-A-S-H gels, was formed [74; 75; 76]. The crystalline diffraction peaks of the calcium silicates and aluminates also decreased, suggesting that they dissolved (partially, at least) and reacted with an alkaline solution to produce the hydrated products in all pastes [43]. There was also calcium carbonate that resulted from the consumption of calcium hydroxide. No apparent changes were observed in the peaks of wustite (FeO) or quartz (SiO\({}_{2}\)), suggesting that these phases did not participate in the alkali activation reaction [31].  
Figure 10 presents the comparison of the mineralogical composition for two different pastes (0.75M-4% and 2.22M-4%) for the early (1 day) and later hydration (28 days). As can be seen, the main differences between both formulations were the peaks of Ca(OH)\({}_{2}\) at around 18\({}^{\circ}\) and 33\({}^{\circ}\) 20 for the 0.75M-4% paste and the broader humps of C-S-H/C-A-S-H gels at about 10\({}^{\circ}\) and 29\({}^{\circ}\) 20 for the 2.22M-4% paste. These findings were in accordance with the compressive strength results (Figure 5), showing that the hydrate gels were responsible for the strength development. Additionally, the presence of Ca(OH)\({}_{2}\) is known to promote the formation of reaction products in the system by increasing the Ca/Si ratio, which is beneficial for the formation of calcium silicate gels [34]. Thus, the crystalline phase in the 0.75M-4% pastes strongly suggested that the alkali reaction was weaker and fewer hydra  
Figure 8: Apparent density and porosity of pastes.
# Biological Importance of Cotton By-Products Relative to Chemical Constituents of the Cotton Plant
## 5 Pharmacological Properties of Compounds in Cotton
### Anti-Inflammatory and Anti-Oxidant Properties  
Chemical compounds, such as trans-caryophyllene, caryophyllene oxide, \(\alpha\)-humulene, and \(\beta\)-amyrin, are compounds which exert different anti-inflammatory properties. \(\alpha\)-Humulene and trans-caryophyllene are reported to prevent chemical-induced paw oedema in rats with 50 mg/kg of both compounds inducing the same anti-inflammatory effects as 0.5 mg/kg of dexamethasone some (a steroid anti-inflammatory medication) [32]. At doses of 12 mg/kg and 25 mg/kg body weight of experimental mice, caryophyllene oxide induced anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties almost equivalent to that of an aspirin at a dose of 100 mg/kg body weight of the experimental animals [177]. In humans, studies using peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PMBCs), 1, 2, and 5 ug/mL of \(\beta\)-amyrin promoted the secretion of IL-6 cytokine [178] which is actively involved in pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory immune responses. Anti-oxidant properties of \(\beta\)-amyrin and farnesene from \"in vitro\" studies using human blood cells showed that doses as low as 1 ug/mL [178] and 100 ug/mL [179], respectively, induced anti-oxidant activities in a time-dependent manner.  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{l l l} \hline \hline \multicolumn{1}{c}{**Compounds**} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{**Biological Activity**} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{**References**} \\ \hline \hline Tepenes & & \\ \hline camphene & Aromatic properties, antioxidants effects & [21] \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{limonene} & Flavouring properties, gastro-protective effects, anti-cancer and & [28; 142] \\  & anti-inflammatory activity & \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{myrence} & Analgesic effects, anti-microbial activity, anti-inflammatory activity, & [171; 172] \\  & anti-catabolic activity & \\ \hline \(\alpha\) and \(\beta\)-pinene & Gastro-protective effects, anti- microbial and anti-inflammatory effects & [28; 174; 180] \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{sabinene} & Anti-microbial activity, anti-oxidant activity & [21] \\ \hline \(\alpha\)-Hujene & Pungent activity & [21] \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{caryophyllene} & Anti-inflammatory effects, anti- microbial activity, regulation of cellular lipid & [27; 32; 181; 182] \\  & metabolism, flavouring properties & \\ \hline farnesene & Anti-oxidant effects & [179] \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{humulene} & Anti-inflammatory properties, aromatic properties and cytotoxic activity & [29; 32] \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{bisabolol} & Aromatic properties, anti-inflammatory effects, anti-carcinogenic activity, & [28; 183; 184] \\  & anti-microbial and anti-oxidative properties & \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{caryophyllene oxide} & Cytotoxic activity, phytogrowth inhibition, analgesic and & [177][26; 185] \\  & anti-inflammatory activity & \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{3,10-dihydroxy-1,3,5,7-
# An Analysis of Cloud Security Frameworks, Problems and Proposed Solutions
## 3 Cloud Security Frameworks
### Cloud Security Alliance (STAR)
#### 3.4.3 How an Organization Can Use the Framework?  
To implement the CSA STAR (Security, Trust, and Assurance Registry) framework for cloud security in your organization, follow these steps:  
1. Become acquainted with the CSA STAR Program: Understand the CSA STAR structure, its aims, and the certification criteria. To obtain a thorough grasp of the program, go over the CSA STAR materials, including the STAR Certification Control Objectives and Criteria.
2. Determine Who Your Cloud Service Providers (CSPs) Are: Determine which cloud service providers (CSPs) your organization is presently utilizing or contemplating for cloud services. Examine their security practices, certifications, and openness about their security procedures.
3. Perform Due Diligence: Perform due diligence on CSPs by seeking information on their security, certifications, independent audit reports, and any other relevant paperwork. Examine their security disclosures for completeness and correctness.
4. Implement Risk Mitigation Measures: Identify any risks or vulnerabilities connected with the identified CSPs based on the evaluations. Implement risk-mitigation strategies such as extra security controls, data encryption, access controls, or legally binding security promises.
5. Establish Contractual Agreements: Contractual agreements should be negotiated and established with CSPs to explicitly outline security expectations, duties, and compliance requirements. Ensure that the contract addresses issues such as data protection, incident response, service-level agreements (SLAs), and regulatory compliance.
6. Monitor and Review: Continuously monitor and review the performance and security posture of your CSPs. Conduct frequent evaluations and audits to ensure compliance with the CSA STAR framework and the efficacy of the security measures in place.
7. Stay Updated with CSA STAR Program: Keep up to date with the CSA STAR Program: Keep up to speed with CSA STAR program updates and adjustments. Review the most recent CSA STAR documentation, control goals, and criteria on a regular basis to ensure continued alignment and compliance with the framework. Tools required to implement each step of framework is given in Table 8.
###### Abstract  
Aimed to evaluate the effect of water solubility on chemical properties and surface structure of bioceramic-based (BC-HiFlow and BC-EndoSegence) compared with resin-based (Adseal) root canal sealers. Fresh mix was inserted into polyethylene mold (n = 10) and subjected to Vicat needle to evaluate the setting time. The set discs were analyzed by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy then immersed in deionized water for 1, 7, 14 and 28 days. The solubility%, pH changes, released calcium (Ca\({}^{2+}\)), phosphate (PO\({}_{4}\)\({}^{3-}\)) and silicon (Si\({}^{4+}\)) ions were evaluated after each immersion period. The discs were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy/Energy dispersed X-ray (SEM/EDX) before and after solubility test. Although FTIR detected similar composition of both bioceramic-sealers, BC-EndoSegence determined the prolonged setting times. At the end of solubility test, both bioceramic-sealers exhibited significant greater solubility (>3%), alkaline pH (>11) at \(p<0.001\). Adseal displayed the significant greatest Ca\({}^{2+}\) and PO\({}_{4}\)\({}^{3-}\) released, while BC-HiFlow displayed the significant greatest Si\({}^{4+}\) release (\(p<0.001\)). SEM revealed voids and pores on the surface of all tested sealers with the greatest value on Adseal surface. In conclusion, although both bioceramic-sealers had high solubility, BC-Hiflow complied the ISO standard regarding setting time and least surface micropores better than that of BC-EndoSegence.  
BC-sealers; setting time; solubility; pH; chemical properties +
Footnote †: journal: Applied sciences
# Optimization Environment Definition for Beam Steering Reflectarray Antenna Design
## 3 Evolutionary Algorithms
### Particle Swarm Optimization  
The Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) is another well-known population-based evolutionary algorithm implemented for real-value problems [33].  
This algorithm has been widely studied and applied: its performance is highly dependent on the specific selection of the parameters and, with respect to GA, it is characterized by an higher convergence rate that in some cases leads to a premature stagnation in local minima.  
The algorithm parameters have been selected according to [34]: the inertia has been set equal to 0.8, and both the social and personal knowledge parameters have been set to 0.5.
# The Need for Machine-Processable Agreements in Health Data Management +
## 4 Our Ontological Framework
### Rules and Conditions  
Existing pedigree ontologies may contain relationships such as has_grandparent and has_child. These basic building blocks allow for the expression of complete family trees however a gap exists between relationships modelled in these ontologies and higher level constructs such as the notion of siblings, cousins, first order relatives.  
With the classes and properties defined in our conceptual ontology we can revisit the use cases presented earlier with a view of expressing some of the additional vocabulary that is associated with the conditions attached to the policies. We will use the protege representation of SWRL [30] to represent these additional relational constructs for compactness.  
Figure 2: The myKinMatters conceptual ontology.  
Clinicians and Patients will likely wish to express policies around broad categories of individuals as can be seen from the illustrative examples in Table 1. The pedigree ontology may have explicit representations of some of these, but we are able to use rule based inferences to define additional relationships if required. Examples of these might be notions of 1 st degree relatives, cousins, and siblings. A first degree relative is clinically defined as a person's parent, sibling, or child. This can be defined using the following simple set of rules:  
\[\mathit{Person}(?x),hasParent(?x,?y)->isFirstDegreeRelative(?x,?y)\]  
\[\mathit{Person}(?x),hasChild(?x,?y)->isFirstDegreeRelative(?x,?y)\]  
\[\mathit{Person}(?x),hasParent(?x,?y),hasChild(?y,?z)->isFirstDegreeRelative(?x,?z)\]  
In a similar fashion we can define rules for the notion of siblings.  
\[\mathit{Person}(?x),hasParent(?x,?y),hasChild(?y,?z)->isSibling(?x,?z)\]  
which allows for a simplification of our third first degree relative rule to:  
\[\mathit{Person}(?x),isSibling(?x,?y)->isFirstDegreeRelative(?x,?y)\]  
The cousin relationship can then be defined as:  
\[\mathit{Person}(?x),hasParent(?x,?y),isSibling(?y,?z),hasChild(?z,?w)->isCousin(?x,?w)\]  
In the case of all the rules above, it is assumed that the isFirstDegreeRelative(), isSibling(), isCousin() are defined as symmetric properties. With this additional vocabulary defined it is then possible to express some of our sharing policies and conditions using our policy language.
## 3 Results
### Characterization of PS/OMMT Nanocomposite  
#### 3.2.1 FTIR Analysis  
The FTIR spectra of the PS, PS/P-MMT, PS/P-SLS-MMT, and PS/P-KH570-MMT are shown in Figure 5. In the case of PS, the characteristic bands at 3027.6 and 2914.0 cm\({}^{-1}\) were attributed to the CH aromatic stretching vibrations and CH\({}_{2}\) asymmetric stretching vibrations, respectively. Two absorption bands at 1602.6 and 1449.1 cm\({}^{-1}\) were ascribed to the stretching vibration of the aromatic C=C. There were two strong absorption bands at 763.0 and 691.1 cm\({}^{-1}\) that corresponded to the CH out-of-plane deformation of benzene rings. In addition, the peak at 1725.7 cm\({}^{-1}\) was due to the C=O stretching vibration of methacrylic acid. These observations indicate that the polymerization reaction of styrene monomer has been occurred [34]. The FTIR spectra of PS/P-MMT not only had the characteristic bands of PS, but also exhibited new absorption bands at 1039.7 cm\({}^{-1}\), which were assigned to Si-O stretching vibrations of the MMT. This result proved the formation of PS/P-MMT nanocomposites. The presence of the characteristic peak of MMT in the polymer matrix was also observed in the samples of PS/P-SLS-MMT and PS/P-KH570-MMT.
# When Maritime Meets Aviation: The Safety of Seaplanes on the Water
## 4 Discussion
### Future Research Directions  
While this study provides critical insights, several areas warrant further exploration. Future research on seaplane safety should prioritize comprehensive data collection, focusing on seaplane movements, pilot experience, and operational contexts, particularly in recreational activities. Incorporating GPS tracking and automated reporting systems could enhance data accuracy.  
Studies relating to amateur-built aircraft are also essential, exploring design, construction, and operational practices through collaborations with manufacturers and pilot associations. Furthermore, expanding this research to other countries could provide a comparative analysis across different regions with established seaplane industries. Additionally, deeper exploration of human factors, including pilot decision-making, cognitive biases, and stress management, is crucial to address the role of human error in seaplane occurrences.
# Application Characteristics of Bioethanol as an Oxygened Fuel Additive in Diesel Engines
## 3 Results and Discussion
### Emissions
#### 3.3.2 Hc  
Figure 8 displays the HC emissions for all the tested fuels according to various engine loads. Incomplete combustion and a low oxygen utilization rate are the main causes of HC emissions. For diesel engines with complex combustion modes, different oxygenated fuels and different operating conditions lead to different results on HC emissions [22]. On the whole, the increase in load leads to a slight increase in HC emissions. HC emissions of all fuels at 80 Nm are reduced by 10.00% on average compared with that at 40 Nm. This finding can be interpreted as the increase in load reduces the oxygen utilization rate. Under most conditions, the addition of ethanol leads to higher HC emissions than diesel, especially under the low load of 40 Nm, and the increase in HC emissions is the most significant. The specific result is that, at 40 Nm, the HC emissions of E5, E10 and E15 were, respectively, increased by 14.29%, 57.14% and 100.00% compared to that of E0; at 60 Nm, the HC emissions of E5, E10 and E15 were, respectively, increased by \(-\)22.22% (decreased), 22.22% and 44.44% compared to that of E0; at 80 Nm, the HC emissions of E5, E10 and E15 were, respectively, increased by 22.22%, 22.22% and 44.44% compared to that of E0. This  
Figure 7: CO emissions.  
may be related to the high latent heat of evaporation of ethanol. The high evaporation latent heat causes the fuel to absorb the surrounding heat during the atomization process, thereby reducing the temperature in the cylinder. The low cetane number can greatly prolong the ignition delay, resulting in the injected fuel not being burned in time, thus sneaking into the cylinder gap. The high oxygen content further dilutes the mixture, which may cause a partial misfire in severe cases.
# Greenhouse Ventilation Equipment Monitoring for Edge Computing
## 3 Experiments  
### Experimental Configuration  
As shown in Figure 8, this study comprises two main experimental sections. Model training was executed on an Ubuntu 20.04 system equipped with an i9-11900k CPU (Intel, Santa Clara, CA, USA) and NVIDIA GTX 3090 GPU (NVIDIA, Santa Clara, CA, USA), boasting 24 G of video memory. The modified YOLOv7-tiny was developed using the Pytorch framework, compatible with CUDA version 11.3. Detection speed was assessed on edge computing devices, specifically on the RK3399 Pro platform with Ubuntu 20.04, utilizing RKNPU for YOLOv7's network inference (RKNN version 1.7.3). The RK3399 Pro, developed by Rockchip (Fuzhou, China), is an embedded development board designed for applications in embedded deep learning fields such as intelligent driving, security monitoring, and robotics. It features a multi-core CPU based on ARM architecture, including the Cortex-A72 and Cortex-A53 (Intel, Santa Clara, CA, USA) cores in a big.LITTLE architecture, with a maximum CPU frequency of 1.8 GHz. In addition to the CPU, the RK3399 Pro is equipped with Rockchip's proprietary second-generation embedded RK NPU (Neural Processing Unit) architecture, which operates at a peak frequency of 700 MHz and offers a computational power of up to 3 TOPS. The RKNPU shares 4 GB LPDDR3 memory with the CPU, optimizing the board's performance in handling AI tasks and making it an ideal choice for edge computing applications that require efficient processing and AI capabilities.  
The dataset originates from surveillance footage within the Shanghai Yingmiao Fruits and Vegetables Professional Cooperative's greenhouse, obtained from a position on upper crossbeams. Targets in the videos were annotated using CVAT and exported as images for model training. It encompasses three surveillance sequences: the first two show stationary camera angles capturing varied scenarios like fans in different operational states and spray mist interference. The third sequence features horizontal camera rotation to enhance the variety of fan samples and to test detection capabilities during motion. In total, 417 images from these sequences were utilized for training.
## Appendix A Analytic Collimating Lens  
The so-called analytic collimating lens is based on the assumption of an infinitely small point source of light. According to the principles of analytic geometry, polar coordinate system, and Snell's Law, an axisymmetric lens is designed by mathematical analysis. This lens has two special and aspherical optical surfaces, which can make the light from the coordinate origin be refracted by these two optical surfaces and become collimated light parallel to the optical axis. As shown in Figure 11, a point source is located at the origin of a two-dimensional polar coordinate \((r,\theta)\). The two surfaces of an axisymmetric lens are \(S_{1}\) and \(S_{2}\). They can be divided into two two-dimensional function of polar coordinates defined by the curve of \(r=r_{1}(\theta)\) and \(r=r_{2}(\alpha)\). The design principle of this analytic collimating lens is to allow all rays emitted from the origin of the coordinate \(S\) to be refracted by the first surface and form a virtual focus at a selected position \(S^{\prime}\) on the optical axis, as shown in Figure 11. The light starts from this virtual focus and is refracted by the second optical surface so that the direction of the refracted light is parallel to the optical axis of the system.  
As shown in Figure 11, three parameters need to be determined when designing this analytic collimating lens: (1) the distance \(r_{0}\) between the center point \(A\) of the first surface of the lens and the light source \(S\); (2) the outermost edge position B of the lens or its corresponding maximum cone angle \((\theta_{B})\); (3) the distance between the virtual focus and the light source \(S\) is \(\tilde{\xi}r_{0}\). According to the previous analysis discussed in Ref. [25], it can be proved that the mathematical equations that function \(r_{1}(\theta)\) and \(r_{2}(\alpha)\) need to comply with are Equations (A1) and (A2); therefore, as long as \(r_{0}\), \(\theta_{B}\), \(\tilde{\xi}\) and the optical refraction coefficient \(n\) of the lens material are determined, the analytic solution of \(r_{1}(\theta)\) and \(r_{2}(\alpha)\) can be obtained. This lens can guide all the light rays starting from point \(S\) into collimated light rays to achieve the goal of collimation.  
\[\begin{cases}\frac{\mathrm{d}r_{1}}{\mathrm{d}\theta}&=[\frac{\sin{(\theta- \alpha)}}{\cos{(\theta-\alpha)}-(\frac{1}{\alpha})}]\cdot r_{1}\\ \alpha&=\arctan{(\frac{r_{1}\sin{\theta}}{5\cdot r_{0}+r_{1}\cos{\theta}})} \end{cases}\] (A1)  
\[\frac{1}{r_{2}}\mathrm{d}r_{2}=\frac{-\sin{\alpha}}{n-\cos{\alpha}}\mathrm{d}\alpha\] (A2)