## 4 Results and Discussion
### The Impact of ERP Systems and Industry 4.0 Technologies on Environmental Sustainability  
In recent years, the integration of ERP systems and Industry 4.0 technologies has become a strategic priority for businesses aiming to achieve environmental sustainability goals. These two technologies play critical roles in energy efficiency, waste management, resource optimization, and carbon footprint reduction processes. Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) systems are integrated software solutions that enable businesses to manage their production processes, resources, and data flows on a single platform. In the context of environmental sustainability, ERP systems support carbon footprint tracking, energy consumption management, and sustainable supply chain practices. ERP systems monitor the energy and raw material consumption in production processes, collecting and analyzing carbon footprint data on a centralized platform. This allows businesses to identify areas for improvement in their production processes to reduce emissions. Additionally, by optimizing the efficient use of resources through sustainable supply chain management, ERP systems contribute to sourcing raw materials from sustainable origins and reducing carbon emissions in transportation processes. Another advantage of ERP systems is waste management and energy efficiency. These systems use tools such as process mining to optimize energy consumption and improve waste management. Furthermore, Industry 4.0 technologies--relying on digital solutions such as the Internet of Things (IoT), big data analytics, artificial intelligence, and cyber-physical systems--reshape production processes. Smart manufacturing and resource optimization are among the most significant advantages offered by Industry 4.0. Through these technologies, production processes are optimized with real-time data analytics and automation, increasing energy efficiency and minimizing resource use. Digital twin technology creates digital replicas of production processes, allowing for the simulation of environmental impacts. This helps identify areas where improvements are needed to reduce the carbon footprint. IoT sensors and big data analytics are essential tools used at every stage of the production process to reduce waste and emissions. The real-time monitoring and control of emissions aid in minimizing environmental impacts. Table 7 underscores the critical roles of ERP systems and Industry 4.0 technologies in advancing environmental sustainability, with specific numerical data illustrating their impact on carbon footprint management. ERP systems contribute significantly, with a total score of 75, by enabling centralized tracking and analysis of production data (30) to identify inefficiencies and reduce emissions. They also enhance Sustainable Supply Chain Management (25) by promoting efficient resource use and sustainable sourcing, which \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c} \hline \hline
**Country** & **Category** & **Value** \\ \hline USA & Energy efficiency & 30 \\  & Sustainable production & 25 \\  & Renewable energy & 45 \\  & Industrial processes & 50 \\  & Energy demand optimization & 50 \\ Germany & LCA & 30 \\ France & Green supply chain management & 20 \\ UK & Emission reduction policies & 40 \\ India & Energy consumption & 35 \\ Brazil & Emission reduction in production & 25 \\ South Korea & Optimizing energy processes & 20 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 6: Global Contributions to Carbon Footprint Research: Key Focus Areas by Country. reduces carbon emissions in logistics and procurement. Additionally, tools such as process mining optimize resource use and improve Waste Management and Energy Efficiency (20). Industry 4.0 technologies, with a total contribution score of 90, transform production processes through advanced digital solutions. Smart Manufacturing and Resource Optimization (35) leverage real-time data analytics and automation to increase energy efficiency and optimize resource use.