# Unveiling Accurate Seismic Imaging through the Advanced Target-Oriented Kirchhoff Migration Method
## 3 Results and Discussions
This contrasted favorably with the migrated image derived from surface data and some structures are similar to the convolutional model in (**c**). The yellow arrows indicate the features of the subsurface being compared. migrated image was observed, as shown in Figure 9b, attributed to the prior application of seismic redatuming to the data. This enhancement led to a higher signal-to-noise ratio, consequently rendering more events visible within the image. For the subsequent assessment, we utilized the inline cross section, as in Figure 7c, which contained a larger salt body. The sources and receivers were redatumed to a depth of 300 m, indicated by the dotted line intersecting the salt body. The aim of the second test was (1) to verify the robustness of the proposed workflow under a more complex overburden and (2) to validate its ability to compute small target areas concurrently beneath such complex overburden. For this evaluation, a total of 200 sources and receivers were utilized, spaced at intervals of 10 m.  
The comparison results are presented in Figure 10, showing the contrasts between the migrated image obtained from the surface data (Figure 10a), the redatumed migrated image (Figure 10b), and the patches migrated image (Figure 10c). Due to the extensive and dominant presence of the salt body in the horizontal plane, imaging below the salt becomes challenging. As shown in Figure 10a, the imaging results exhibited limited visibility, especially along the sides of the area, and strong noise was seen within the salt body. This indicates that only a small portion of waves is effectively transmitted to deeper sections, with the majority being scattered due to the massive salt body. Through the utilization of redatumed data, an improved image was seen, shown in Figure 10b. Notably, the sharp bottom of the salt body, indicated by the blue circle, was effectively imaged. Furthermore, the imaging below the salt body's sides was enhanced, showcasing greater visibility of events in contrast to the image showed in Figure 10a. The proposed workflow can be deemed as a more effective solution for accurately imaging the subsurface below the complex overburden. Subsequently, we explored the feasibility of simultaneously migrating multiple smaller target areas, instead of conducting migration for the entire region below the virtual depth. This approach was considered to mitigate computational costs. The results shown in Figure 10c demonstrate the practicability of employing a patch-based migration strategy with Kirchhoff migration. We observed that the image quality remained consistent when compared to migrating the entire area beneath the datum. This consistency can be due to the utilization of the same travel-time table for both approaches. Certainly, it is interesting for future research that involves exploring the feasibility of generating travel-time tables exclusively for selected patches within the area of interest. This approach has the potential to significantly reduce the overall turnaround time for the migration process. Finally, we evaluated the proposed workflow on East Malaysia dataset to determine its robustness towards real data. There is an extensive carbonate platform in Central Luconia area, and many carbonate build-up structures were identified. Hence, it causes poor seismic reflectivity in determining reservoir and fault mapping. Our aim was to improve the subsurface images in deeper section by leveraging seismic redatuming. The full-scale 2D model dimensions were approximately 8 km \(\times\) 6 km, comprising a total grid size of 1200 \(\times\) 648. The grid intervals were set at 12.5 m \(\times\) 5 m. Redatuming was performed at a depth of 650 m below the surface, generating redatumed data obtained at this virtual depth. The size of the target area spans from 650 m to 3500 m and has a grid size of 700 \(\times\) 401. The grid interval was 10 m \(\times\) 5 m. The total number of sources and receivers was 401, with a spacing of 20 m between each source and receiver.