## 3 Results
### Overlay Analysis of Spatial Quality and Accessibility of Streets in Mingcheng District  
Accessibility is defined as the ease of reaching all potential destinations along each street within a specified radius. Streets with elevated accessibility scores facilitate easier access for individuals from surrounding areas, promoting engagement in activities and social interactions, thereby invigorating the space [52]. The calculations presented in this paper utilize the sDNA4.2.0 software developed by Cardiff University ([[https://www.cardiff.ac.uk/](https://www.cardiff.ac.uk/)]([https://www.cardiff.ac.uk/](https://www.cardiff.ac.uk/)) (accessed on 23 November 2023)). The sDNA software is capable of comprehensively characterizing the network at a user-defined scale of path connectivity, encompassing factors such as intermediary, the geometric configuration of the path network, and the navigability of the area [53]. In comparison to traditional spatial syntax analysis methods, the sDNA model is more advanced and rigorous, capable of accounting for both continuous and discrete spaces, while thoroughly considering the impacts of economic and temporal costs on the calculation outcomes. This study employs the NQPD [54] (Network Quantity Penalized for Distance) method to compute the \"proximity\" index, utilizing an 800 m search radius (based on the walking travel radius data for Xi'an and the average adult walking speed of 1.5 m/s, the radius of a 10 min reachable area was calculated), representative of a 15 min walking distance, for continuous analysis, thereby deriving the feasibility analysis results. Building on this foundation, the median value of overall accessibility in Mingcheng District was utilized as the threshold to categorize the area into two classifications: \"high accessibility\" and \"low accessibility\". Additionally, based on the quality measurement results, the quality indicators were divided into two grades: \"high quality\" and \"low quality\" (Figure 8). Through an overlay analysis of the spatial quality measurements of the streets and the spatial network accessibility assessments, the results for street quality and accessibility were synthesized to identify four distinct characteristic street types. This study integrates the findings related to street quality and accessibility to investigate the distribution patterns and spatial structures of streets characterized by high quality and high accessibility, as well as the attributes of streets with poor accessibility or unsatisfactory quality. (1) High quality (H)/high accessibility (H): A comparative analysis of environmental quality and accessibility scores across these streets reveals consistently high scores, indicating substantial spatial potential. For instance, segments such as the western portion of West Main Street, the central section of North Main Street, as well as Heping Road, Jiefang Road, Dongwu Road, and Lianhu Road, exhibit these qualities. The main way to improve this type of street is to optimize the details, without too much intervention in the subsequent renewal and renovation, to dig deeper into the key elements that form the high quality and accessibility and to expand to other streets. Figure 7: The proportion of different quality streets in Mingcheng district. The dotted line shows the trend in the number of changes, allowing a visual comparison of the number of different types of streets. (2) High quality (H)/low accessibility (L): In the Mingcheng District, streets exhibiting high quality are predominantly located in the eastern segment of West Main Street, the northern stretch of North Main Street, and the surrounding areas of Dongxin Street. These streets are characterized by favorable street aspect ratios, effective greening initiatives, and robust street infrastructure; however, the surrounding road network is either sparse or predominantly car-oriented, leading to diminished accessibility. These types of streets require targeted retrofitting and enhancements in planning and design to effectively improve accessibility.