# Cybersecurity in the Internet of Things in Industrial Management
## 2 Literature Review: Key Concepts
### The Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT)  
The IIoT presents diverse nuances that differentiate it from the traditional IoT. While the IoT operates in domestic environs, the IIoT operates in industrial environs. In this way, it involves the optimization of supply chains, for instance. The IIoT equals Industry 4.0 [30], which is a shared term for technologies and theories of value chain organization [18,31]. Industry 4.0 presents a modular structure, through which computers monitor and manage smart factories and ensuing physical processes [32], creating a digital copy of the physical processes while making decentralized decisions [33]. Along the way, computer systems interact both with one another and with people [30].  
Also, both organizational and interorganizational services can be provided to actors of the supply chain. Interconnected objects, managed and accessed through data mining processes such as Blockchain, can be partly accessed and function as sensors and are enabled to interact with other devices [34,35]. Such systems, made up of smart artifacts within the IoT system, demand minimal or no human action in order to exchange and produce data, often assisted by artificial intelligence mechanisms [36]. In summary, the IIoT's major concerns include reducing material and energy consumption, better managing the temporal dimensions of security in terms of \"intrusion detection\", cloud computing, and the interface between supply chain management and marketing processes, plus better managing the complexity of infrastructures in terms of the number of entry points [11,18,32,34,37,38].  
The IIoT comprises both cybersecurity and IoT concerns in general. It focuses on integrity, in which data is protected from modification by unauthorized parties; authentication, in which the data source is verified as the pretended identity [39]; privacy, in which users' identities are non-traceable from their behaviors; [40] confidentiality, in which information is made unintelligible to unauthorized entities; and availability, in which the system services are available only for legitimate users [41].  
IIoT thus faces important challenges, namely regarding operations in decentralized environs such as Blockchain systems [42,43] and the varying nature of smart artifacts [44]. In addition, it is worth mentioning the sparse computational resources and power available to the diverse sensors that result in insufficient traditional security measures [9,45]. The aforementioned issues increase the chances of cyber-attacks on IoT systems, namely plants, transport, and household appliances [9], demanding substantial improvement in terms of authentication from remote systems, encryption from new sensors, and web interface and computer software for intrusion detection [46]. Additionally, the more IoT innovation, the more developed wireless technologies are, as in the case of 5G, which is optimized well beyond voice and data, offering a vast array of opportunities [15,47].  
The literature review presented here also suggests a set of security solutions for cordless sensor networks with respect to the IoT [48; 49; 50]. In particular, in terms of network computing, decentralized architectures made up of countless objects [15] such as Blockchain [25] and cloud computing systems ease network management and configuration [51; 52], ameliorating IoT security [53] through sensors that optimize data sending, avoiding the redundancy in the wireless channels by systems that improve networking such as big data [18; 30; 54; 55].  
The design of the conceptual and technological framework for this article was not made randomly, but rather through a preliminary search on Scopus with the keywords \"Internet of Things\" and \"Cyber Security\", with the results shown and discussed in the following sections.