## 4 Results and Discussions  
Finally, by applying the equations of the calculation tool and calibrating the results using Equations (8)-(10), the pollutant emissions generated by the operation of the Centinela-La Rumorosa road, spanning 64 km, are obtained. Table 7 illustrates that 372.5 tons of pollutant emissions are produced annually. Among these, 82.3% is CO\({}_{2}\), and 2.7% is CO, together accounting for a total of 85% of the overall emissions. The second most prominent pollutant in terms of emissions is lead, constituting 13.36%. Subsequently, NOx contributes 1.2%, hydrocarbons 0.4%, PM particles 0.03%, and SO\({}_{2}\) 0.01%. This research presents an estimation of the quantity of pollutant emissions generated by vehicles circulating on roads. Consequently, an analysis was conducted on CO\({}_{2}\), CO, HC, NOx, PM, SO\({}_{2}\), and Pb emitted through vehicle combustion in the case study. The findings reveal that the highest amount of generated pollutant emissions is CO\({}_{2}\), with 306.4 annual tons, making it the most prominent, which aligns with the literature review conducted. Furthermore, the results also correspond to the understanding that the emission factor for suspended particulates from heavy vehicles is greater than the emission factor for light vehicles [98]. In this context, the section with fewer heavy vehicles generates a smaller quantity of particulates. The case study has the particularity of encompassing three distinct characteristics: urban area (18 km), flat terrain area (24 km), and mountainous terrain area (22 km). As a result, traffic and its classification align with these characteristics. In this regard, Tables 3-5 reveal that the urban area exhibits the highest traffic (39.88%) with a greater percentage of light vehicles. Subsequently, within the flat terrain area, the highest percentage of light vehicles prevails, albeit with a lower traffic percentage than in the urban area (35.06%). Lastly, in the mountainous area, both traffic (25.06%) and the quantity of light vehicles decrease, while the number of heavy vehicles increases. Despite the aforementioned, the number of emissions generated per section does not correspond solely to the traffic volume or the length of the sections. For instance, the flat terrain section, while having the most kilometers, does not possess the highest traffic volume but generates 40.84% of emissions. This is followed by the urban segment, contributing 32.18% of emissions, even though it has the highest traffic but the lowest length. Lastly, the mountainous section, with the lowest vehicle count but a longer length than the urban segment, generates 26.98% of emissions. From the results obtained, it is possible to carry out an analysis of the data to understand the behavior of the polluting emissions that are generated by the operation of vehicles on roads, as well as their relationship with the input variables of the model. Table 8 presents a breakdown of CO\({}_{2}\) emissions. According to the results obtained, taking CO\({}_{2}\) as a reference, variations in the number of emissions are identified concerning the characteristics of each of the sections of the road. In the first instance, the section of the road that generates the highest polluting emissions in the year is the one that corresponds to the Laguna Salada section. The above is mainly associated with the fact that it is the longest section, and it concentrates on the second section with the greatest AADT and truck traffic, as well as the hottest climatic zone. However, it is important to highlight that the section that generates the greatest number of polluting emissions per vehicle type is the mountainous area of the highway. This