# A Review on Observer Assistance Systems for Harvested and Protected Fish Species
###### Abstract
Table 1 shows the operational status of the MCS system of major regional fisheries organizations related to highly migratory fish stocks [3; 4; 5]. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{l c c c c c c} \hline \hline
**MCS elements 1** & **CCSBT** & **FFA** & **IATTC** & **ICCAT** & **IOTC** & **WCPFC** \\ \hline VMS 2: & o 3 & o & o & o & o \\ -Operating entity & Shipper & Secretariat & Shipper & Shipper & Shipper \\ -Target boat & Over 24 m & Over 24 m & Over 24 m & Over 24 m & Over 24 m & Over 24 m \\ -Reporting interval & 6 h & 6 h & 6 h & 6 h & 6 h \\ Observer system: & o & o & o & Surrounding & & x 4 & \\ -Task & Scientific research & Scientific research, surveillance & Scientific research & - & Scientific research, surveillance \\ -Operating entity & Shipper & Nearshore & Shipper & Secretariat & Shipper & - & Subper, secretariat \\ -Boarding ratio & 10\% & Bilateral & 100\% & 10\% & - & 10\% \\ -Bear costs & x & Vessel, shipowner & Shipper & & & Shipowner, shipper \\ Monitoring port state & x & o & x & o & o \\ Monitoring boarding & x & X & x & x & x & o \\ in High seas & Survelling the entry & & & & & \\ of goods into ship & x & o(Prohibition) & x & o & x & o \\ Statistical document & o & - & o & o & o \\ preparation & & & & & & \\ List of IUU fishing & o & x & o & o & o & o \\ vessel name & & & & & & \\ Fishing vessel & o & o & o & o & o & o \\ registration & & & & & & \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 1: The current status of MCS operation system of local fisheries organizations related to highly migratory fish resources [4]. With the current WCPFC Convention having come into effect on 19 June 2004, in accordance with Article 26 (Boarding and Inspection) of the Convention, the Commission has implemented Boarding and Inspection Procedures for fishing boats operating in the high seas of the Convention area to ensure compliance with conservation and management measures. In addition, by having signed the WCPFC Boarding and Inspection Procedures in September 2006, the agreeing parties must allow their national fishing vessel to be boarded by an observer authorized according to the procedure, and inspectors assigned to the inspection must comply with the boarding inspection procedures. The international observer program can be divided into cases where Korean observers board foreign fishing boats and perform duties and cases where foreign observers perform duties on-board Korean fishing boats. Currently, the CCSBT, IATTC, ICCAT, etc [6; 7]., are implementing observer programs, and the WCPFC has recognized the national observer program and sub-regional observer program since 2008 as part of the WCPFC regional observer program and has agreed to achieve an observer occupancy rate of up to 5%. Korea's coastal waters observer system has certified embarkation observers and port observers, which allows them to board fishing vessels or work at ports of landing to monitor the exhaustion of Total Allowable Catch (TAC) and the fishing status for resource management. It is a system that identifies and reports fishery resources and collects the basic data necessary for evaluating fishery resources and identifying fishing characteristics. According to their function, the observer can be classified as a science observer for the purpose of collecting scientific information, a fishery (surveillance) observer whose main purpose is to collect scientific information, but also has a monitoring purpose, and an inspector or controller that collects minimal scientific information while focusing on monitoring [8; 9]. Depending on the observer duties, the types of observers in the TAC observer system include embarkation observers and port observers; however, the term 'observers' generally refers to the embarkation observers. The TAC observer system implemented by Korea involves having an observer at the port of landing. The port of landing observer performs observer duties such as grasping catches and collecting other scientific data at the port of landing.