# On-Demand Maintenance Method Using Fault Prediction to Reduce Elevator Entrapment
## 3 Prediction of Elevator Entrapment Incidents  
### Data Sources and Description  
The data is obtained from the official database of the Emergency Response Center for Elevators in City H, covering the period from 1 January 2021 to 1 January 2024. The raw dataset contains diverse information extracted from various tables within the database, including basic elevator information specified in Table 5, historical records of passenger entrapment incidents and rescue details specified in Table 6, maintenance logs specified in Table 7, and other relevant factors specified in Table 8. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c} \hline \hline
**Fault Category** & **Cause of Fault** & **Number of Faults** & **Percentage of Faults** \\ \hline \multirow{6}{*}{External causes} & Power fault causing the elevator to stop running & 494 & 2.48\% \\  & Short circuit due to water ingress in electrical components & 337 & 1.69\% \\ \cline{1-1}  & The temperature of the machine room is too & & \\ \cline{1-1}  & high, and the control system turns on & 123 & 0.62\% \\ \cline{1-1}  & automatic protection. & & \\ \cline{1-1}  & Elevator restarts automatically after a fault & 327 & 1.64\% \\ \cline{1-1}  & Others & 1136 & 5.70\% \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 4: Overview of external causes of fault. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c} \hline \hline
**Fault Category** & **Cause of Fault** & **Number of Faults** & **Percentage of Faults** \\ \hline \multirow{6}{*}{Human causes} & The elevator stopped working because the & & \\  & door opening and closing was blocked & 2345 & 11.77\% \\ \cline{1-1}  & by garbage. & & \\ \cline{1-1}  & The door was deformed due to brutal & & \\ \cline{1-1}  & handling by human, and the elevator could & 466 & 2.34\% \\ \cline{1-1}  & not operate. & & \\ \cline{1-1}  & Overloading & 239 & 1.20\% \\ \cline{1-1}  & The elevator cannot operate because the door & & \\ \cline{1-1}  & closing time is delayed for too long. & 406 & 2.04\% \\ \cline{1-1}  & Others & 1097 & 5.50\% \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 3: Overview of human-caused faults. In addition, this study collected the temperature and humidity from the elevator's operating environment. Considering the differences in elevator design and structure that lead to variations in temperature and humidity conditions, this study selected three distinct elevator types for data collection: steel-structure retrofitted elevators (machine-room-less), glass panoramic elevators, and conventional elevators. Temperature and humidity sampling points were established at two locations: the elevator machine room (or the top of the shaft for machine-room-less elevators) and \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c} \hline
**No.** & **Data Item** & **Sample Data** & **No.** & **Data Item** & **Sample Data** \\ \hline
1 & Device encoding & 301 xxx & 6 & Rescue time & 3 July 2023 5:30 \\
2 & The time of the fault & 3 July 2023 5 pm & 7 & Rescue unit & xx Enterprise \\
3 & The type of fault & Elevator entrapment & 8 & Cause of the fault & Mechanical jamming \\
4 & Number of people & Three persons & 9 & Fault & Door fault \\
5 & Time to arrive & 3 July 2023 5:15 & 10 & \(\ldots\ldots\) & \(\ldots\ldots\) \\ \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 6: Elevator entrapment incident data.