## 1 Introduction  
Hybrid dielectric resonator antennas (DRAs) represent cutting-edge technology in modern wireless communication, combining the advantages of dielectric and microstrip antenna designs. These antennas are especially useful for applications like wireless local area networks (WLAN), satellite communication, radar, and various broadband wireless systems. Known for their compact size, cost-effectiveness, lightweight structure, and compatibility with standard transmission lines, hybrid DRAs effectively meet the critical demands of today's communications landscape, where space and performance efficiency are paramount. Interest and research in dielectric antenna technology have surged over the last two decades, driven by the need for antennas that offer wide bandwidth and ease of integration with diverse feeding techniques [1]. Microstrip antennas are commonly used, due, in part, to their relative ease of production. However, the bandwidth of a simple, single layer microstrip patch is typically quite narrow (1% to 2%). The bandwidth performance of a patch antenna can be improved by loading it with DRA, as reported in [2, 3, 4, 5, 6]. By using this technique with broadside radiation patterns, bandwidths of up to nearly 24% have been reported. Another hybrid antenna consists of a corner-fed patch onto which two DRAs are stacked, and the entire configuration is dropped into a square metal cavity. For the implementation described in [7], the two DRAs had different dielectric constants and the heights of the two DRAs were on the order of a quarter-guided wavelength. The X-band design achieved a bandwidth of about 18%. The bandwidth of a monopole antenna can be significantly extended by adding a ring DRA, as reported in [8, 9, 10, 11]. The monopole and the ring DRA are both centered on about the same axis, and the monopole simultaneously functions as a quarter-wave-length radiator and as a feed for the DRA. The DRA is designed to operate in the TM\({}_{015}\) mode, which has a circular symmetric model field pattern similar to that of a short monopole antenna. This allows the centrally located monopole to efficiently excite the DRA. The monopole is designed to operate toward the lower end of the spectrum, while the DRA operates toward the upper end. A key advantage of hybrid DRAs is their polarization versatility, making them well-suited for applications requiring circular polarization [12]. CP antennas help reduce a polarization mismatch between transmitting and receiving antennas, ensuring more stable and reliable connections, even when devices are misaligned. Various methods have been developed to achieve circular polarization in dielectric resonator antennas [13], including hybrid couplers with quadruple strip feeds [1], precise positioning of symmetric and asymmetric cylindrical slots, creating curved slots along cylindrical DR elements [14], and implementing unique microstrip shapes for feed lines [15]. For instance, a rectangular dielectric resonator block can be positioned near the edge of a slotted hexagonal patch to produce a wideband CP radiation pattern [16]. While different CP radiation techniques and designs have been independently implemented for microstrip and dielectric resonator antennas, achieving CP radiation in hybrid dielectric resonator antennas across a wide bandwidth presents challenges. One example is a compact dielectric-loaded aperture-coupled microstrip antenna designed for L-band mobile satellite applications, which features CP radiation [17]. Two dielectric inserts [18] positioned along the edges of a square patch reduce the frequency shift by 30% to the lower side. At the same time, the cross-slot aperture generates the two orthogonal modes necessary for CP radiation, yielding a 2.5% 3 dB axial ratio bandwidth compared to a traditional CP square patch. Similarly, four dielectric inserts placed [19] under the square patch, along with a cross-slot feed, achieve CP radiation.