## 7 Applications  
All developed methodologies reported in the literature since 2014 are briefly described below, showing the wide range of applicability of fabric phase sorptive extraction in terms of sample matrix and analyte diversity. Many research groups all over the world have adopted this innovative sample preparation approach and have developed new analytical strategies to deal with significant analytical problems encountered in virtually all facets of analytical fields. [PERSON] et al. in 2014 were the first group to implement fabric phase sorptive extraction (FPSE) in the development of a simple, fast, and sensitive analytical method using a sol-gel poly(tetrahydrofuran) (sol-gel PTHF) coated FPSE membrane for the quantification of endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs), including 17\(\alpha\)-ethinyl estradiol (EE2), \(\beta\)-estradiol (E2) and bisphenol A (BPA). Analysis was performed by high performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection (HPLC-FLD). In their work, the authors have investigated and optimized various factors that influence the efficiency of FPSE technique. The developed method was applied successfully for the analysis of the examined estrogen molecules in urine and various kinds of aqueous samples with good reported recoveries, i.e., 96-98% for drinking water, 94-95% for ground water, 92-94% for river water, and 90-91% for urine samples, while lower detection limits of BPA, E2, and EE2 over previously reported methods were achieved within the range of 20 to 42 pg/mL. Linearity, precision, and accuracy results proved that the developed method is rapid, precise, reproducible, and sensitive for the determination of estrogens in urine and aqueous samples [9]. A year later, in 2015, [PERSON] et al. [14] presented for the first time a novel technique: the approach of stir fabric phase sorptive extraction (SFPSE), which integrates sol-gel hybrid organic-inorganic coated fabric phase sorptive extraction media with a magnetic stirring mechanism. Two flexible fabric substrates, namely cellulose and polyester, were utilized as the host matrix for three different sorbents, e.g., sol-gel poly(tetrahydrofuran) (sol-gel PTHF), sol-gel poly(ethylene glycol) (sol-gel PEG), and sol-gel poly(dimethyldiphenylsiloxane) (sol-gel PDMDPS). Triazine herbicides were selected as model compounds to evaluate the operational performance of this unique microextraction device. The factors affecting the extraction efficiency of SFPSE have been investigated, and the optimal extraction conditions using sol-gel PEG coated SFPSE device in combination with UPLC-DAD yielded limits of quantification (LOQs) for the seven triazine herbicides in the range of 0.26-1.50 \(\mu\)g/L, while the hyphenation with LC-MS/MS allowed the improvement of the method sensitivity to the range of 0.015 \(\mu\)g/L to 0.026 \(\mu\)g/L. Enrichment factors between 444 and 1411 were achieved. The developed method was finallyapplied for the determination of selected triazine herbicides from three river water samples. Relative recoveries of the target analytes, in the range of 75% to 126%, were found to be satisfactory, while absolute extraction recoveries were in the range of 22.2-70.5%. In the same year, [PERSON] et al. [15] developed a fast and sensitive sample preparation methodology using fabric phase sorptive extraction followed by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry detection for the determination of a group of compounds added to sunscreens and other personal care products which may present detrimental effects to aquatic ecosystems, i.e., benzotriazole UV stabilizer compounds in aqueous samples. In their work, the authors optimized the extraction of seven benzotriazole UV filters in terms of several parameters influencing the extraction process, such as sorbent chemistry selection, extraction time, back-extraction solvent, back-extraction time, and the impact of ionic strength.