# Secure and Scalable Internet of Things Model Using Post-Quantum MACsec
## 6 Conclusions and Outlooks  
SSI-PQM effectively counters security threats, such as quantum computing-based Man-In-The-Middle (MITM) attacks, route tampering, and privacy breaches in open IoT networks, by employing an overlay network, end-to-end encryption, authentication, and PQC. Furthermore, the applications of MACsec and NTRU algorithms for encryption proved to be efficient for IoT devices due to their low CPU usage, while the Layer 2 overlay network facilitates the unrestricted use of various communication protocols. The experimental results showed satisfactory performance across security levels ranging from 80 to 128, and a minimum speed enhancement of 161% compared to RSA for security levels exceeding 160 was secured.  
With the rise of SaaS-based IoT and edge computing, the significance of security in industrial IoT, smart home and city, and healthcare is in increasing demand. Following COVID-19, an uptick in telecommuting and remote work collaboration is expected to enhance the deployment of SSI-PQM. The current study can broaden its application spectrum with a VPN architecture to provide a network environment conducive to collaboration with offices, even remotely. Next, we will proceed with our research on applying Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) to SSI as an alternative to PQC-TLS, aiming to maintain the security of Layer 2 communications.  
Writing--original draft, [PERSON] and [PERSON]; Writing--review & editing, [PERSON] and [PERSON]. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Function** & **SSI-PQM** & **SSI (2021) [9]** & **[PERSON] et al. (2018) [33]** & **[PERSON] et al. (2019) [34]** & **[PERSON] et al. (2020) [35]** & **[PERSON]** \\ \hline PQC & Yes & No & No & No & Yes \\ layer 2 & Yes & Yes & No & No & No \\ Communication & Yes & Yes & Yes & No & No & Yes \\ Net Separation & Yes & Yes & Yes & No & No & Yes \\ Authentication & Yes & Yes & No & Yes & No & Yes \\ Access Control & Yes & Yes & Yes & No & Yes & Yes \\ End-to-End Enc. & Yes & Yes & No & Yes & No & Yes \\ Many-to-Many & Yes & Yes & No & Yes & No & Yes \\ Enc. & Yes & Yes & No & No & No & Yes \\ L2 Encryption & Yes & Yes & Yes & No & Yes & No \\ SDN & Yes & Yes & Yes & No & Yes & No \\ Detection & No & No & No & No & Yes & Yes \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}
Table 5: Security function comparison with previously reported IoT platforms.  
**Funding:** This research was supported by a 2023 Research Grant from University Innovation Support Project of Sangmyung University.  
**Data Availability Statement:** Publicly available datasets were analyzed in this study. This data can be found here: [[https://github.com/junimirang/SSI-PQM](https://github.com/junimirang/SSI-PQM)]([https://github.com/junimirang/SSI-PQM](https://github.com/junimirang/SSI-PQM)) (accessed on 13 May 2024).  
**Acknowledgments:** This research was supported by a 2023 Research Grant from University Innovation Support Project of Sangmyung University.  
**Conflicts of Interest:** Author [PERSON] was employed by the company Samsung SDS. The remaining authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.