# Chemical Composition and Palatability of Nutraceuticaltical Dog Snacks
## 3 Results  
### Proximate Composition and Minerals  
All results for the proximate composition were significantly different from each other. Particular attention is paid to the content of crude fat and total carbohydrates. The mean level of crude fat was twice as high in the baked snacks (5.74 g/100 g DM) compared to the extruded snacks (2.35 g/100 g DM). In the case of total carbohydrates, the extruded snacks had a higher content (73.54 g/100 g DM) compared to the baked snacks (69.41 g/100 g). Table 3 summarizes the proximate composition results of the produced dog snacks.  
The analyses showed that snacks differed significantly only in terms of magnesium content--its average content was statistically significantly higher in baked snacks (Table 4). The average content of trace elements was statistically significantly higher in baked snacks than in extruded ones, apart from the molybdenum content (Table 5). Particular attention is paid to the average iron content, which was twice as high in baked snacks. The content of cobalt, cadmium, lead, chromium and nickel was not detected (nd).  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Item** & **Ca** & **P** & **K** & **Na** & **Mg** \\ \hline S1 & 0.105 & 0.670 & 0.702 & 0.059 & 0.242 \\ \hline S2 & 0.079 & 0.549 & 0.717 & 0.061 & 0.269 \\ \hline Mean & **0.09 \({}^{\text{a}}\)** & **0.61 \({}^{\text{a}}\)** & **0.71 \({}^{\text{a}}\)** & **0.06 \({}^{\text{a}}\)** & **0.26 \({}^{\text{b}}\)** \\ \hline SD & 0.018 & 0.086 & 0.011 & 0.001 & 0.019 \\ \hline S3 & 0.082 & 0.607 & 0.687 & 0.059 & 0.255 \\ \hline S4 & 0.079 & 0.617 & 0.700 & 0.070 & 0.317 \\ \hline Mean & **0.08 \({}^{\text{a}}\)** & **0.61 \({}^{\text{a}}\)** & **0.69 \({}^{\text{a}}\)** & **0.06 \({}^{\text{a}}\)** & **0.29 \({}^{\text{a}}\)** \\ \hline SD & 0.002 & 0.007 & 0.009 & 0.008 & 0.044 \\ \hline \end{tabular}  
Means with the same letter in the superscript (a, b) did not differ statistically at \(p\) = 0.05 (for all columns separately); SD, standard deviation.  
\end{table}
Table 4: Macromineral (g/100 g DM) content of extruded (S1, S2) and baked (S3, S4) dog snacks.  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Item** & \begin{tabular}{c} **Dry Matter** \\ **(g/100 g)** \\ \end{tabular} & \begin{tabular}{c} **Crude** \\ **Protein** \\ \end{tabular} & \begin{tabular}{c} **Crude Fat** \\ \end{tabular} & \begin{tabular}{c} **Crude Ash** \\ \end{tabular} & \begin{tabular}{c} **Crude Fibre** \\ \end{tabular} & \
\begin{tabular}{c} **Total** \\ **Carbohydrates** \\ \end{tabular} &
\begin{tabular}{c} **Metabolizable** \\ **Energy** \\ \end{tabular} \\ \hline S1 & 92.29 & 19.85 & 2.57 & 2.75 & 1.16 & 73.68 & 347.97 \\ \hline S2 & 92.09 & 20.43 & 2.13 & 2.86 & 1.18 & 73.39 & 344.98 \\ \hline Mean & **92.19 \({}^{\text{a}}\)** & **20.14 \({}^{\text{a}}\)** & **2.35 \({}^{\text{a}}\)** & **2.81 \({}^{\text{a}}\)** & **1.17 \({}^{\text{a}}\)** & **73.54 \({}^{\text{b}}\)** & **346.23 \({}^{\text{a}}\)** \\ \hline SD & 0.14 & 0.41 & 0.31 & 0.08 & 0.01 & 0.21 & 2.11 \\ \hline S3 & 92.83 & 20.92 & 6.03 & 2.89 & 1.73 & 69.68 & 365.84 \\ \hline S4 & 93.76 & 21.08 & 5.44 & 3.14 & 1.81 & 69.14 & 363.43 \\ \hline Mean & **93.30 \({}^{\text{b}}\)** & **21.00 \({}^{\text{b}}\)** & **5.74 \({}^{\text{b}}\)** & **3.02 \({}^{\text{b}}\)** & **1.77 \({}^{\text{b}}\)** & **69.41 \({}^{\text{a}}\)** & **364.64 \({}^{\text{b}}\)** \\ \hline SD & 0.66 & 0.11 & 0.42 & 0.18 & 0.06 & 0.38 & 1.70 \\ \hline \end{tabular}  
\end{table}
Table 3: Proximate composition (g/100 g DM) and metabolizable energy (kcal/100 g) of extruded (S1, S2) and baked (S3, S4) dog snacks.