## 1 Introduction  
The Clean Energy Transition (CET) is one of the great challenges that society will have to face in the coming years. It must address two key issues, the first being the rapid growth in energy demand. According to data from the International Energy Agency, world energy demand will increase by 4.3% in 2024 and is expected to grow at a rate of 4% until 2027 [1]. Most of the new demand will come from emerging economies [2] and the expansion of new technologies such as Artificial Intelligence (AI), which require large data centers [3]. The second issue is climate change and combating its effects. Analysis of climate data conducted annually by Copernicus indicates a temperature increase in 2024 of 1.6 \({}^{\circ}\)C above pre-industrial levels [4], for the first time exceeding the 1.5 \({}^{\circ}\)C threshold established in the Paris Agreement [5]. This increase in temperature is associated with the rise in Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions, mainly caused by the consumption of fossil fuels [6]. For this reason, the decarbonization strategy of the energy sector is based on electrification [7] and sustainable energy carriers such as renewable hydrogen [8]. In this context, solar and wind power are clean renewable energy sources but are inherently intermittent, necessitating storage systems to ensure a continuous supply [9]. In addition, direct electrification is not viable for all applications [10] due to high power and energy requirements. For these reasons, renewable hydrogen appears as a promising complementary energy vector [11]. Renewable hydrogen is the term used for defining hydrogen produced by electrolysis using water as the raw material and electricity from renewable energy sources as the energy source. Electrolysis is characterized as a completely environmentally friendly process [12]. In addition, the use of renewable hydrogen is also environmentally sustainable, since as a product it only emits water vapor [13]. Water and renewable energy sources are available across the Earth, although with an uneven distribution. Therefore, renewable hydrogen would facilitate a sustainable energy transition based on distributed energy systems [14]. Distributed systems are more efficient than traditional centralized systems due to reduced transportation losses [15] and the distance between production and consumption. The incorporation of renewable hydrogen to distributed energy systems implies an additional advantage, by adding resilience to the energy system. Additionally, renewable hydrogen can meet electricity, mobility, and thermal energy demands, serving as a substitute for natural gas [16]. Local deployment of renewable hydrogen would improve the holistic management of the energy system, as the entire Hydrogen Value Chain (HVC) would be available in the same region [17]. [PERSON], [PERSON] et al. [18] explore the benefits, challenges, and implementation strategies associated with the development of a local electricity hydrogen market. This research emphasizes the link between sustainable energy vectors, such as electricity and renewable hydrogen, and the need for integrated optimization frameworks that support the development of local energy hubs to accelerate the CET. Despite the advantages that renewable hydrogen provides, it still must overcome several barriers to become a real competitive energy alternative. These challenges can be classified in technological, economic, environmental, legal, and social. On the one hand, technical barriers stem from hydrogen properties such as lower energy density per volume unit and molecule size [19], which complicate hydrogen storage [20] and transport [21], and contribute to material embrittlement [22]. On the other hand, the low technological development of the components required for renewable hydrogen production and use requires further research to improve the efficiency of the process [23].