## 2 Case Study  
San Marco dei Cavoti is a village located in the province of Benevento, in the north-eastern part of the Campania Region (Italy). It has an extension of approximately 0.56 km\({}^{2}\) and is located at 695 m a.s.l. The area is mainly characterized by east-verging mega folds associated with reverse faults within overlapping overthrusts of different extensions, with a collective Adriatic direction. Such structures expose the clayy deposits of the Fortore Varicolored Clay Formation and the calcareous many deposits of the Corleto Perticara Formation at the core of the folds [34; 35]. The study area is mainly constituted by structurally complex formations [8] (Figure 1):The area's geomorphology is characterized by sub-horizontal or low-slope areas in correspondence with the more erodible materials such as the argillites of the Red Flysch (Figure 2d), with values less than 15%. On the other hand, when more resistant material such as the calcirudites of the Red Flysch emerges (Figure 2e), the slopes are steeper, forming even sub-vertical walls. The hydrographic network is characterized by high drainage density in sub-basins where clayey soils outcrop with a marked evolutionary dynamic, represented by local incisions of the few alluvial covers, and some areas are affected by significant landslides [8]. The village of San Marco dei Cavoti, too, belongs to an area where slope deformations are particularly evident. The landslides within the study area affect shallow deposits, causing significant damage to structures and infrastructures (Figure 2b,c). The Southern Apennines hydrographic district reports 167 landslides that affect the entire municipality of San Marco dei Cavoti (Figure 2a). Figure 1: Geological Map of the San Marco dei Cavoti area, modified from CARG (CARtografia Geologica—Geological Cartography, the Italian project for the production of a geological map of the entire peninsula) [36]. (1) Slope deposit: sands and silts with pebbles in a silty matrix located at the base of reliefs; (2) Landslide deposits: clayey and marily deposits with lithoid fragments of calcarenites and sandstones; (3) Polygenic sands and gravels with silty-sandy matrix and levels of silty sands and clayey silts of riverbed deposits and active streams; (4) Eluvial-colluvial deposits: clayey silts with pebbles and sometimes reworked pumices and pyroclastites; (5) Alteration of sandstones with turbidite structures, clays and marily clays belonging to submarine fans (Tortonian—Messinian); (6) Sandstone-calcarous-pelitic successions (Upper Burdigalian–Tortonian); (7) Numidic Flysch (Upper Burdigalian–Upper Langhian): quartzarenites in layers and beds with thin intercalations of silty and marily clays at the base; (8) Red Flysch (Upper Cretaceous–Lower Miocene): graded calcarenites, calclitites and crystalline limestones and interlayers of clayey marks and argillites; (9) Polychrome clays and flaky marily clays with interbedded mars, marily limestones, calclitites, calcarenites, calcirudites and olistolites (Upper Cretaceous–Lower Miocene). The Southern Apennines hydrographic district has produced the landslide inventory used in this work. These districts are the Competent Authority that manages the exploitation and protection of natural waters (surface and groundwater) and the prevention and mitigation of geohazards such as landslides, regardless of regional-administrative borders. There are seven river basin districts in Italy: Fiume Po (Po River), Alpi Orientalli (Eastern Alps), Appennino Settentrionale (Northern Apennines), Appennino Centrale (Central Apennines), Appennino Meridionale (Southern Apennines), Sardegna (Sardinia), and Sicilia (Sicily). Figure 2: (**a**) Outline of the landslides reported by the Southern Apennines hydrographic district: detail of the area of San Marco dei Cavoti; (**b**,**c**): damage caused by the landslides to parts of the village; (**d**,**e**) argillites and \(\boldsymbol{\epsilon}\) calcirudites of the Red Flysch formation.