## 4 Results
### Experiment  
To strengthen the results of the simulations, the experiment was carried out with the WSN on campus, achieving performance metrics levels in steady state so that the quality of communication between the nodes of the network can be known. The above can be very useful in any other environment where it is implemented, such as industrial environments. Table 7 shows the stationary values obtained by the experiment network, which have served to validate through a second iteration the proposed algorithm presented in Figure 4.  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Jamming** & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**PDR (\%)**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**RSSI (\(-\)dBm)**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Energy (J)**} \\ \hline  & **Cooperative** & **Collaborative** & **Cooperative** & **Collaborative** & **Cooperative** & **Collaborative** \\ \hline Constant & 94 & 96 & \(-103\) & \(-98\) & \(0.37\) & \(0.32\) \\ \hline Deceptive & 95 & 96 & \(-102\) & \(-92\) & \(0.33\) & \(0.29\) \\ \hline Random & 95 & 97 & \(-87\) & \(-84\) & \(0.26\) & \(0.21\) \\ \hline Reactive & 97 & 98 & \(-83\) & \(-80\) & \(0.2\) & \(0.13\) \\ \hline No Jamming & 99 & 97 & \(-70\) & \(-75\) & \(0.09\) & \(0.07\) \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}
Table 7: Experiment results.  
Figure 13: Energy for types of jamming in a WSN of 200 nodes with different areas under collaborative and cooperative schemes.  
Given the appearance of jamming, there is a constant better performance when a collaborative scheme is used, and what the simulations had shown is demonstrated, i.e., when there is no jamming, the cooperative scheme presents better metrics. It is important to remember that it is convenient to use the algorithm proposed in networks of medium to high density of nodes so that it has an accurate effect, since the simulations and experiment with which it was validated are focused on places that meet the same characteristics that are observed in warehouses and smart SMEs. The existing intensity in the communication channel, provided by the RSSI, can come from various sources such as transmitters, jammers, radiation, etc., giving us a level of energy detection that will help the nodes to decide the routes to take in the shipment of packages.  
As can be seen in Figures 14 and 15, the collaborative approach presents better levels of RSSI than the cooperative approach. There is a node where the signal strength is almost zero when applying a collaborative approach to communication between sensors. It can also be observed that the coordinator presents a better RSSI in the collaborative approach (\(-100\) dBm) than in the cooperative approach (\(-120\) dBm).  
In addition to RSSI, LQI was measured in the experiment. The quality of reception of data packets is provided by the LQI, which, together with energy efficiency, is an important element when deciding which route a message should take. LQI and RSSI always go hand  
Figure 14: RSSI results per node under a cooperative scheme.  
Figure 15: RSSI results per node under a collaborative scheme.  
in hand and add value by providing shorter Round Trip Time (RTT) for packet travel from transmitter to final receiver. As can be seen in Figures 16 and 17, the LQI improves under a collaborative scheme, because the node processor seeks to save its own energy first, which makes it choose to send the packets through the routes where there is a higher level of LQI, thus decreasing latency and influencing the decrease in energy consumption.  
In practice, since the sniffer of the sensors allows us to know these two parameters in each sensor, it is possible to relate them; since packet loss is mitigated by re-transmitting packets on those routes with better LQI and RSSI, these routes serve as a useful means of reduced latency and power distribution.  
In the next subsection, a validation of the jamming detection algorithm is performed using data obtained from the experiment.