## 3 Results
### Pharmacotherapy  
A total of 206 patients were not receiving HF-specific medication. In the remaining cohort, overweight or obese patients were treated with angiotensin II receptor blockers (AT\({}_{1}\) blockers; \(p=0.005\)), diuretics (\(p=0.014\)), and SGLT2 inhibitors (\(p=0.040\)). Additionally, anticoagulants--such as vitamin K antagonists, non-vitamin K oral anticoagulants (NOACs), and acetylsalicylic acid (ASA)--were more common in overweight/obese patients (Table 6).  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{l l l l l l} \hline \hline
**Medication** & **Total** & **Normal Weight** & **Overweight** & **Obesity [BMI** \\
**n** & **[BMI 18.5–24.9]** & **[BMI 25–30]** & **30+]** & **\(p\)-Value** \\ \hline None & 206 & 124 (60.2\%) & 64 (31.1\%) & 18 (8.7\%) & \textless{}0.001 * \\ Beta blocker & 248 & 128 (51.6\%) & 91 (36.7\%) & 29 (11.7\%) & 0.773 \\ ACE inhibitor & 59 & 24 (40.7\%) & 25 (42.4\%) & 10 (16.9\%) & 0.113 \\ AT blocker & 50 & 19 (38.0\%) & 19 (38.0\%) & 12 (24.0\%) & 0.005 * \\ Neprilysin-Sacubitril & 31 & 13 (41.9\%) & 13 (41.9\%) & 5 (16.2\%) & 0.290 \\ Diuretes & 108 & 50 (46.3\%) & 32 (29.6\%) & 26 (24.1\%) & 0.014 * \\ Aldosterone antagonists & 102 & 52 (51.0\%) & 30 (29.4\%) & 20 (19.6\%) & 0.120 \\ SGLT2 inhibitors & 53 & 23 (43.4\%) & 18 (34.0\%) & 12 (22.6\%) & 0.040 * \\ Digitalis glycosides & 19 & 12 (63.2\%) & 7 (36.8\%) & - & 0.150 \\ Levosimendan & 1 & 1 (100.0\%) & - & - & - \\ Antiarrhyths & 15 & 9 (60.0\%) & 6 (40.0\%) & - & 0.251 \\ Iron, oral & 14 & 6 (42.9\%) & 8 (57.1\%) & - & 0.694 \\ PDE-5 inhibitors & 22 & 10 (45.5\%) & 11 (50.0\%) & 1 (4.5\%) & 0.958 \\ ERA & 18 & 8 (44.4\%) & 8 (44.4\%) & 2 (11.1\%) & 0.927 \\ sGC stimulators & 2 & - & 1 (50.0\%) & 1 (50.0\%) & 0.249 \\ PRA & 1 & 1 (100.0\%) & - & - & - \\ Sotatercept & 0 & - & - & - & - \\ CCB & 15 & 7 (46.7\%) & 3 (20.0\%) & 5 (33.3\%) & 0.287 \\ VKA & 153 & 85 (55.6\%) & 57 (37.2\%) & 11 (7.2\%) & 0.037 * \\ DOAC/NOAC & 64 & 27 (42.2\%) & 27 (42.2\%) & 10 (15.6\%) & 0.039 * \\ ASA & 49 & 21 (42.9\%) & 16 (32.7\%) & 12 (24.5\%) & 0.041 * \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}
Table 6: Medications.  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{l l l l l l} \hline \hline
**Non-Cardiac** & **Total** & **Normal Weight** & **Overweight** & **Obesity** & **\(p\)-Value** \\
**Comorbidities** & **n** & **[BMI 18.5–24.9]** & **[BMI 25–30]** & **[BMI 30+]** & **\(p\)-Value** \\ \hline Anemia & 44 & 24 (54.5\%) & 18 (40.9\%) & 2 (4.6\%) & 0.096 \\ Liver disease/failure & 61 & 27 (44.3\%) & 26 (42.6\%) & 8 (13.1\%) & 0.835 \\ Pulmonary disease & 33 & 20 (60.6\%) & 8 (24.2\%) & 5 (15.2\%) & 0.351 \\ Renal disease/failure & 69 & 33 (47.8\%) & 25 (36.3\%) & 11 (15.9\%) & 0.201 \\ Neurologic disease & 46 & 23 (50.0\%) & 20 (43.5\%) & 3 (6.5\%) & 0.328 \\ Cerebrovasc. accidents & 17 & 7 (41.2\%) & 8 (47.1\%) & 2 (11.8\%) & 0.601 \\ Sleep apnea syndrome & 12 & 2 (16.7\%) & 6 (50.0\%) & 4 (33.3\%) & \textless{}0.001 * \\ Diabetes mellitus & 20 & 2 (10.0\%) & 11 (55.0\%) & 7 (35.0\%) & \textless{}0.001 * \\ Hyperlipidemia & 59 & 29 (49.2\%) & 17 (28.8\%) & 13 (22.0\%) & 0.163 \\ Lp(a) increase & 18 & 8 (44.4\%) & 5 (27.8\%) & 5 (27.8\%) & 0.587 \\ Hyperuricemia & 66 & 31 (47.0\%) & 25 (37.9\%) & 10 (15.2\%) & 0.39 \\ Hypothyreosis & 67 & 36 (53.7\%) & 24 (35.8\%) & 7 (10.5\%) & 0.602 \\ Hyperhyreosis & 9 & 1 (11.1\%) & 6 (66.7\%) & 2 (22.2\%) & 0.07 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}  
* Statistically significant (\(p<0.05\)). n = number of patients. BMI = Body Mass Index. Lp(a) = Lipoprotein a.  
\end{table}
Table 5: Non-Cardiac comorbidities.