# Biomass-Based Chemical Looping Gasification: Overview and Recent Developments
## 5 Progress in Biomass Chemical Looping Gasification
### Simulation/Modeling Studies
The first CLG model used in situ CO\({}_{2}\) capture utilizing a CaO sorbent for the production of CO\({}_{2}\)-rich stream for sequestration, and the second model used iron-based oxygen carriers in redox cycles to 99.8% of Fe\({}_{3}\)O\({}_{4}\) recovery and higher syngas yields. The main findings of the model were syngas yields, gas content. The model showed that the second model produced more syngas yields, while the concentration of H\({}_{2}\) in the first model was higher than that of the second one. Furthermore, sensitivity analyses of temperature and pressure were carried out on the main factors to determine optimal operating conditions. A model was implemented by [PERSON] et al. [135] to investigate the sorption enhanced biomass chemical looping gasification without heating and cooling system for enriched hydrogen production. During the steam gasification, calcium oxide and solid oxygen carrier (NiO) were added as bed material. The model of gasification was developed using the ASPEN Plus process simulator to analyze the energy efficiency performance of the process. It is noticed that the energy efficiency depended on the steam to carbon molar ratio and gasifying temperature. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c} \hline \hline
**References** & **Biomass** & **Type of OC** & **Type of Model** & & **Remarks** \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{[PERSON] et al. [140]} & \multirow{4}{*}{Raw wood and torrefied wood} & & & \(\bullet\) & A BSG-CLHP-CHP system was developed. & \\  & & & & \(\bullet\) & The results showed the effects of operating conditions on the process performance. & \\  & & & & ASPEN Plus & \(\bullet\) & Hydrogen thermal efficiency and \\  & & & & & hydrogen yield of TW-derived syngas & \\  & & & & & increased by 8.3\% and 22\%, respectively. & \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{[PERSON] et al. [141]} & \multirow{4}{*}{Pine sawdust} & \multirow{4}{*}{Iron-based (Fe\({}_{2}\)O\({}_{3}\))} & & \(\bullet\) & The numerical method was developed to integrate the Eulerian multi-fluid model and the chemical reaction models to predict the concentrations of five gas components over time. & \\  & & & & \(\bullet\) & The model is validated well by the experimental data from the literature. & \\  & & & & & The results showed the continuous pine sawdust and mixing and segregation & \\  & & & & & behaviors between fuel and OC particles & \\  & & & & & strongly impact the concentrations of gas & \\  & & & & & species and the evolution of the solid & \\  & & & & & particle in the CLG system. & \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{[PERSON] et al. [142]} & \multirow{4}{*}{Microalgae} & \multirow{4}{*}{Fe\({}_{2}\)O\({}_{3}\)} & & \(\bullet\) & A one-dimensional transient model for BCLG was developed based on hydrodynamics and chemical reactions. & \\  & & & & & The numerical model is to predict the time-varying outlet concentrations of gaseous components and process & \\  & & & & & efficiencies. & \\  & & & & & Energy and exergy analyses were carried out based on the validated model. & \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{[PERSON] et al. [17]} & \multirow{4}{*}{Wood pellet} & \multirow{4}{*}{Ilmenite} & \multirow{4}{*}{Matlab and ASPEN Plus (equilibrium process modeling)} & \(\bullet\) & Two approaches for autothermal CLG & \\  & & & & & behavior were analyzed. & \\ \cline{1-1}  & & & & ASPEN Plus (equilibrium process modeling) & \(\bullet\) & Evaluation of dilution of oxygen carrier & \\ \cline{1-1}  & & & & (equilibrium process modeling) & \(\bullet\) & Optimizing process efficiency. \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 7: _Cont._A large-scale biomass chemical looping for hydrogen and power co-production was assessed by [PERSON] [136]. This study aimed to evaluate the techno-economic feasibility of hydrogen and power co-generation based on the biomass direct chemical looping (BDCL) concept. The net power output of a plant model of about 400-500 \(\text{MW}_{\text{th}}\) with a flexible hydrogen output in a range of 0 to 200 \(\text{MW}_{\text{th}}\) (LHV) was developed for the assessment of the BDCL and the benchmark power plant concept.