## 3 Results
### Pre-Surgical Observations  
At T1, most of the measurements of point A and Id were similar between the two groups (Tables 2 and 3). However, the LS group showed significantly lower vertical height at B(y) (\(p\) = 0.012).  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c} \hline \hline
**Outcome Variable (\({}^{\circ}\))** & **T1** & **T2** & **T3** \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{ANB} & Group S & 8.3 \(\pm\) 3.4 & 4.7 \(\pm\) 3.5 & 4.7 \(\pm\) 3.2 \\ \cline{2-4}  & Group LS & 8.1 \(\pm\) 3.1 & 5.7 \(\pm\) 3.4 & 5.5 \(\pm\) 2.8 \\ \cline{2-4}  & \(p\)-value & 0.865 & 0.53 & 0.541 \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{SN-OP} & Group S & 28.0 \(\pm\) 5.9 & 27.1 \(\pm\) 6.6 & 26.5 \(\pm\) 6.7 \\ \cline{2-4}  & Group LS & 27.7 \(\pm\) 3.9 & 25.9 \(\pm\) 4.6 & 26.9 \(\pm\) 4.7 \\ \cline{2-4}  & \(p\)-value & 0.873 & 0.645 & 0.882 \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{SN-MP} & Group S & 48.5 \(\pm\) 8.0 & 44.9 \(\pm\) 5.9 & 45.4 \(\pm\) 5.8 \\ \cline{2-4}  & Group LS & 49.5 \(\pm\) 5.7 & 47.0 \(\pm\) 6.3 & 47.7 \(\pm\) 5.7 \\ \cline{2-4}  & \(p\)-value & 0.754 & 0.422 & 0.352 \\ \hline \end{tabular} Abbreviations: T1, 1 month before surgery; T2, 1 month after surgery; T3, 1 year after surgery.  
\end{table}
Table 2: Descriptive statistics of the angular measurements according to the predictor variable (group) at different time periods.  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c} \hline \hline  & **Group S** & **Group LS** & **\(p\)-Value** \\ \cline{2-4}  & **(_n = 13_)** & **(_n = 9_)** & **\(p\)-Value** \\ \hline A(y) & 66.1 \(\pm\) 3.3 & 70.6 \(\pm\) 5.8 & 0.021 \({}^{\star}\) \\ \hline B(y) & 113.3 \(\pm\) 7.2 & 122.8 \(\pm\) 11.7 & 0.028 \({}^{\star}\) \\ \hline Id(x) & 51.3 \(\pm\) 4.8 & 51.3 \(\pm\) 5.2 & 0.99 \\ \hline Id(y) & 99.4 \(\pm\) 6.9 & 105.7 \(\pm\) 9.1 & 0.077 \\ \hline \end{tabular} Abbreviations:ANB, angle of the lines connecting point A, nasion, and point B; SN-OP, angle of the Sella–Nasion plane to the mandibular plane; A(s), horizontal position of point A; B(x), horizontal position of point B; A(y), vertical position of point A; B(y), vertical position of point B; Id(s), horizontal position of intradentate; Id(y), vertical position of intradentate; \({}^{\star}\)\(p\)\(<\) 0.05.  
\end{table}
Table 1: _Cont._  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Outcome Variable (\({}^{\circ}\))** & **T1** & **T2** & **T3** \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{ANB} & Group S & 61.8 \(\pm\) 4.1 & 60.8 \(\pm\) 4.6 & 60.7 \(\pm\) 4.3 \\ \cline{2-5}  & Group LS & 61.7 \(\pm\) 3.4 & 61.1 \(\pm\) 4.1 & 60.9 \(\pm\) 3.9 \\ \cline{2-5}  & \(p\) value & 0.985 & 0.888 & 0.924 \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{B(x)} & Group S & 38.2 \(\pm\) 9.1 & 43.6 \(\pm\) 8.9 & 43.3 \(\pm\) 8.8 \\ \cline{2-5}  & Group LS & 37.3 \(\pm\) 6.8 & 41.3 \(\pm\) 8.1 & 41.5 \(\pm\) 8.0 \\ \cline{2-5}  & \(p\) value & 0.806 & 0.537 & 0.633 \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{A(y)} & Group S & 66.5 \(\pm\) 2.9 & 63.7 \(\pm\) 4.5 & 63.6 \(\pm\) 4.2 \\ \cline{2-5}  & Group LS & 70.5 \(\pm\) 5.7 & 68.1 \(\pm\) 5.1 & 67.5 \(\pm\) 5.5 \\ \cline{2-5}  & \(p\)-value & 0.072 & 0.047 \({}^{\star}\) & 0.071 \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{B(y)} & Group S & 113.9 \(\pm\) 7.2 & 113.3 \(\pm\) 6.7 & 113.8 \(\pm\) 7.1 \\ \cline{2-5}  & Group LS & 124.4 \(\pm\) 10.7 & 122.2 \(\pm\) 8.7 & 118.9 \(\pm\) 10.2 \\ \cline{2-5}  & \(p\)-value & 0.012 \({}^{\star}\) & 0.013 \({}^{\star}\) & 0.177 \\ \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}
Table 3: Descriptive statistics of the linear measurements according to the predictor variable (group) at different time periods.  
Intermolar widths (central fossa, CR) in the upper arch and lower IMW in the central fossa did not show a significant difference between the two groups. On the other hand, the lower IMW at the CR (\(p\) = 0.017) and YTIs (central fossa, CR) showed a significant difference (\(p\) = 0.012 and 0.001), indicating a difference in transverse decompensation (Table 4).