esa-sceva/satcom-chunk-collection huggingface dataset:
## 2 BLE _vs._ Other Wireless Solutions
IEEE 802.11 shows the highest CRC error control proficiencies by offering 32 checksums, while IEEE802.15.4 and Bluetooth use 16 checksums. To find out that the data were not infected in transmission, the receiver determines whether the check bits agree with the data with a certain degree of probability. If the CRC shows that the packet was not corrupted, ACK will be sent or, otherwise, the packet is dropped and retransmission needed. All three protocols have good reliability;
* BLE is very reliable with its support for adaptive frequency hopping (AFH) and other features inherited from Bluetooth Classic;
* IEEE 802.11/Wi-Fi can be used in devices with less demands on low power consumption and as a wireless backbone in combination with other technologies. * as shown in [5], the transmission rates of all three protocols are suitable for all common applications in a smart home; it is useful to remark that the transmission rate of the considered protocols are 1 Mbps for BLE, 250 kbps (2.4 GHz) for IEEE 802.15.4 and 11-65-450 (IEEE 802.11 n) Mbps for IEEE 802.11. BLE has a high potential in becoming an important technology for smart homes in low power, low cost and small devices. However, there are still use cases where IEEE 802.15.4-based technologies are used especially in areas where it is already established. In spite of its installed base in smart energy, home and building automation applications, IEEE 802.15.4 faces competition in BLE in these applications, as well. Anyhow, BLE has a lower energy consumption than IEEE 802.15.4 and, for this reason, may be the best choice in applications of home automation. IEEE 802.11 is used in devices where cost and low power are less important and as a wireless backbone combined with the other wireless technologies. Inthe end, through the analysis carried out in this section, it is clear why in this paper BLE has been chosen for the proposed HEM solution. Regarding the integration of BLE in home appliances, it is possible to chose different solutions. In fact, the easiest way is to use smart plugs, the cost of which can range from 30 \(\in\)  to 100 \(\in\), whether or not they are programmable. Another solution is to use COTS (commercial off-the-shelf) hardware that has to be programmed by a \"geek\" user. In this case, the use difficulty may be higher, because the user has to develop his BLE network from scratch. However, on the other hand, besides having possibly greater ultimate satisfaction, it is possible to obtain also lower realization costs. In fact, in order to create a prototyping board (micro-controller, radio transceiver, _etc._), based on BLE, with the aim to interact with the home appliances, the development cost is around 20 \(\in\). Anyhow, it is also possible to use several ready solutions on the market, such as [18, 19, 20, 21, 22], whose cost can range from 100 \(\in\) to 500 \(\in\).
## 3 Real Application Case  
### Data Source  
Baoding city is located in the central part of Hebei Province, China. The city with the land area of 22,190 square kilometers has four distinct seasons. In recent decades, air pollution has become more and more serious in this city. Especially in winter, there is severe haze. In this paper, we take the Baoding city as the research area and expect to establish a long-term and effective prediction model for PM2.5 concentration.  
For the research area, we got the three parts of data, including PM2.5, aerosol optical depth (AOD) and meteorological parameters. Table 1 reports the related parameters of data source. The brief description is as follows.  
1. PM2.5 data--The PM2.5 data come from the monitoring station for air pollution particles in Baoding city. Its unit is \(\mu\)g/m\({}^{3}\). The data are sourced from the china meteorological website ([[http://www.tianqihoubao.com/lishi/](http://www.tianqihoubao.com/lishi/)]([http://www.tianqihoubao.com/lishi/](http://www.tianqihoubao.com/lishi/))), and the selection duration is 2014-2016.
2. Aerosol optical depth--Aerosol is the general term of solid and liquid particulate matter suspended in the atmosphere. AOD, one of the optical properties of atmospheric aerosols, is equal to the integral of aerosol extinction coefficient from the ground to the top of the atmosphere. It is used to characterize the degree of extinction caused by the aerosol scattering in cloudless atmospheric vertical columns. AOD data are derived from MODIS aerosol products. MODIS offers two AOD products with resolutions of 10 km and 3 km. Considering the small ground coverage in Baoding city, the MOD04_3K product with the resolution of 3 km is chosen. The data are sourced from the official website of MODIS products, and the selection duration is 2014-2016.
3. Meteorological parameters--Monitoring stations in Baoding city provide 9 meteorological parameters, including average temperature, maximum temperature, minimum temperature, air pressure, average relative humidity, total precipitation, average visibility, average wind speed, and maximum continuous wind speed. The data are sourced from the global weather data website ([[https://en.tutiempo.net/climate](https://en.tutiempo.net/climate)]([https://en.tutiempo.net/climate](https://en.tutiempo.net/climate))), and the selection duration is 2014-2016.
# Stock Market Prediction Using Microblogging Sentiment Analysis and Machine Learning
## 3 Research Design
### Data Preprocessing
#### 3.2.4 Feature Selection  
We employed low and high price, volume, and adjusted price as input qualities for this task, and we also added two more features. These were the mean sentiment score for each day, which is one of the model's inputs, and the stock change behavior, which is the goal variable. We determined the average of the sentiment rating for each day, since we obtained several sentiment ratings for one day. Thus, we included a new variable called 'Stock Change' to determine if the stock price rises or falls. The closing price was deducted from the open price and divided by the open price to arrive at this conclusion, as shown in (17).  
\[\mathit{StockChange}=\frac{\mathit{Close}-\mathit{Open}}{\mathit{Open}} \tag{17}\]  
In case the outcome of the stock change is larger than zero, the stock movement is positive and the stock price falls, allowing the buyer to purchase Microsoft stocks. This outcome is denoted by the number 1. Otherwise, if the outcome of the stock movement is negative, the stock price rises and the investor can sell the shares to benefit. This outcome is denoted by the symbol \(-1\).  
The distribution of the close and open prices over time is depicted in Figure 2. The red line denotes the open price, while the green line denotes the close price. The open price is extremely similar to the closing price, with only minor differences. When comparing to various time frames of the overall period of stock price movements, it is worth noting that high open and close prices were observed during the end of August and beginning of September.  
Lastly, we combined the Twitter with stock data, as well as the StockTwits with stock data. We generated four scenarios as a consequence of using Twitter/StockTwits and stock data with TextBlob and VADER. For each of the four scenarios, we built a dataset with two  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c} \hline \hline
**Dataset** & **Outliers** \\ \hline Twitter with VADER & 19.7\% \\ Twitter with TextBlob & 9.6\% \\ StockTwits with VADER & 27.1\% \\ StockTwits with TextBlob & 27.3\% \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}
Table 4: Outlier distribution.  
columns containing sentiment values ranging from \((-1,1)\) and stock change values ranging from \((-1\) to \(1)\). This dataset's index is the trade date. After compiling our final dataset, we were able to create and train our classifiers for forecasting Microsoft stock movements.
## 1 Introduction
So far, the irradiation of CFs with commercially available CO\({}_{2}\) or Nd:YVO\({}_{4}\) laser beam sources have focused on intense laser conditions suitable for cutting of the CFs rather on inducing surface texturing [37]. Under Nd: YVO\({}_{4}\) laser irradiation conditions, CFs exhibited decrement in the tensile strength up to 75% and a reduction in stiffness by 17%. The current work systematically investigates the effect of CO\({}_{2}\) laser irradiation on CF tow and unidirectional carbon cloth under conditions suitable for inducing CF surface texturing without breaking the fibers. The uniformity and the texturing changes due to laser exposure were examined through Raman spectroscopy and SEM analysis. The mechanical properties of the irradiated CFs were examined via single carbon fiber tensile strength tests on CFs and Mode-I interlaminar fracture toughness measurements on their laminated structures. Electrical conductivity tests on both CF samples and their CFRP were performed in order to identify any changes in conductive paths that could potentially be introduced by the laser texturing.
###### Abstract  
The probability distribution of probabilistic shaping 64 quadrature amplitude modulation (PS-64 QAM) is uneven. The traditional M-ary support vector machine (SVM) algorithm is incompatible with the data set with uneven distribution. In order to solve the problem, we propose a novel nonlinear equalizer (NLE) for PS-64 QAM based on constellation segmentation (CS) and SVM, called CS M-ary SVM NLE. The performance of CS M-ary SVM NLE has been demonstrated in a 120 Gb/s PS-64 QAM coherent optical communication system. The experimental results show that after employing the proposed scheme, the launched optical power dynamic range (LOPDR) of PS-64 QAM can be increased by 1.6 dBm compared with the situation without NLE. In addition, aided by the proposed scheme, the LOPDR of PS-64 QAM is increased by 0.6 dBm than M-ary SVM NLE. Compared with employing M-ary SVM NLE and without employing NLE, when employing the proposed scheme, the Q factor is improved about 0.50 dB and 0.96 dB, respectively. The number of support vectors (SVs) and CPU running time for both NLE schemes are collected to measure the complexity of the two NLE schemes. The results show that the complexity of the proposed scheme is lower than that of the M-ary SVM scheme under the entire measured launched optical power range from \(-5\) dBm to \(+5\) dBm.  
probabilistic shaping; constellation segmentation; support vector machine; 64-QAM; coherent optical communication system +
Footnote †: journal: Electronics Electronics
# Analysis and Optimization of the Stray Capacitance of Rogowski Coils
## 3 Stray Capacitance of Rogowski Coils
### Discussions of the Factors Affecting Stray Capacitance  
In this subsection, the influencing factors of \(C_{tt}\) and \(C_{ts}\) is investigated, and measures to reduce the stray capacitance of Rogowski coils are put forward.
## 4 Results and Discussion
### Temperature-Based Damage Identification  
The results of the temperature-based sandwich debonding detection and identification are subdivided into two sections. First, the measurement results of the experiment with the excitation with the piezoelectric stack actuator are analyzed with typical NDT data processing algorithms, to demonstrate the applicability of the LDR concept for sandwich debonding identification. Additionally, the measurements of the surface temperature sensors are analyzed and verified. Second, the surface temperature sensor measurements of the PWAS excitation are analyzed to demonstrate the local heating of the damage due to resonance. This shows the potential of the presented thermal monitoring method for a possible SHM set-up.
## 4 Results and Discussion  
### Performance Analysis  
As shown in Figure 5, the performance of centrifugal pumps with different trailing edges of blade are analysed and compared on the basis of the steady-state calculation results using the SST \(k\)-\(\omega\) turbulence model. As shown in Figure 5a, the head coefficient of the pump is improved using the OBS15 and OBS30 impellers under different flow rates. With a small flow rate of \(0.2Q_{\mathrm{d}}\), the head coefficients of OBS15 and OBS30 impellers increase by 0.02 and 0.04 compared with the OTE pump. Under the large flow of \(1.4Q_{\mathrm{d}}\), the head coefficients of OBS15 and OBS30 schemes increase by 0.02 and 0.03 compared with the OTE impeller. As shown in Figure 5b, the improvement of pump efficiency is better when the cutting angle of blade trailing edge is \(30^{\circ}\) (OBS30) compared with the OTE impeller. With a small flow rate of \(0.2Q_{\mathrm{d}}\), the OBS30 impeller increases its efficiency by 0.6% compared with the OTE impeller. Under large flow of \(1.4Q_{\mathrm{d}}\), the OBS30 impeller increases its efficiency by 1% compared with the OTE impeller. The efficiency of the OBS15 impeller significantly decreases.  
Figure 4: Numerical and experimental results comparison of the OTE model pump.  
Figure 3: Experiment system.
# Enhancing Freeway Traffic Capacity: The Impact of Autonomous Vehicle Platooning Intensity
## 4 Case Study
### Overview of Simulation  
A simulation scenario has been developed for a single-lane road, which consists of a warm section, main body, and a finishing section as shown in Figure 5. The simulated road section is an idealized single-lane straight section with a length of 2000 m, including a warm section of 200 m and a finishing section of 100 m. The simulated vehicles will be generated at the very beginning of the warm section, go through the main body, and finally leave the road at the end of the finishing section. When the flow is saturated, the demand is equal or slightly larger than the supply. In this research, demand is set as 4000, which is slightly higher than the maximum theoretical capacity under beat condition, 3673 veh/h. As previously discussed, the theoretical capacity of the road significantly increases with changes in the MPR, while the free-flow speed also plays a crucial role in determining the theoretical capacity. Therefore, in order to verify the rationality of the proposed theoretical model, both the MPR and the free-flow speed are considered in this evaluation. The MPR ranges from 0% to 100% with a 10% interval, while the speed ranges from 10 km/h to 110 km/h with a 10 km/h interval. The variable speed is set as the limit speed in this model and each vehicle is allowed to travel at the expected maximum speed. By combining these two variables, the capacity of the single-lane road will be assessed.  
Figure 4: (**a**) Changing trends of theoretical capacity with different MPR and speed values. (**b**) Exact value of theoretical capacity with different MPR and speed values.  
Figure 5: Model outline.
# Investigating Load-Bearing Capabilities and Failure Mechanisms of Inflatable Air Ribs
## 3 The Load-Bearing Performance of Tents with Different Rise-Span Ratios  
### The Simulation Model of the Tent Under Load  
The previous analysis highlights that the rise-span ratio of the air rib has an important impact on the bearing capacity. Due to the large curvature variation at the ends, the air-ribbed tent is vulnerable to wind-induced damage, making the ends a critical component in engineering applications. The ribs support the structure, the tent fabric transfers the load, and the wind ropes help reduce structural deformation. The interaction of these three elements ensures the proper functioning of the tent. To improve load-bearing capacity, four tents are designed and the end ribs are set to be 0.333-S, 0.417-S, 0.583-R, and 0.667-R.  
As depicted in Figure 9a, the tent that spans 8 m in width and 18 m in length is supported internally by ten air ribs. The cross-sectional diameter of each rib is 0.3 m, and the radius of the central rib is 4 m, with a distance of 2 m between each rib. These air ribs are used to resist wind loads and play a crucial role in maintaining structural integrity. The air ribs and the tarpaulin are bonded by a high-strength adhesive. Wind ropes, with a radius of 0.009 m and an elastic modulus of 2820 MPa, are installed at 45\({}^{\circ}\) to the ground to enhance stability. The tarpaulin and air ribs of the tent are constructed from two composite materials. The density of the tarpaulin is 970 kg/m\({}^{3}\), and the tarpaulin thickness is \(2.8\times 10^{-4}\) m. The [PERSON]'s modulus is 1040 MPa, and the Poisson's ratio is 0.35. The wind angle along the positive \(z\)-axis of the tent is defined as 0\({}^{\circ}\), and the wind angle along the positive \(x\)-axis is defined as 90\({}^{\circ}\). The improved tent model is shown in Figure 9b.  
Figure 8: The displacement of the center node of the air rib varies with load.
# Review of the Research Progress in Combat Simulation Software
## 2 Top-Level Specification of Simulation Software
### Dis  
Under the joint advocacy of the Defense Modeling and Simulation Office (DMSO) and the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA), the Distributed Interactive Simulation (DIS) standard [9; 15] was formally put forward in 1989, and its related technology and architecture were reflected in the IEEE 1278 standard. The basic principle of DIS is to use a computer network to connect geographically dispersed simulators, realize information exchange between heterogeneous simulation subsystems through standardized communication interfaces, and finally form a comprehensive simulation environment.  
Figure 2 shows the architecture of a typical DIS simulation system, which includes communication networks, system configuration services, and multiple simulation nodes, which consist of system management services, application simulations, core services, and distributed services.  
* The _system configuration service_ configures the the operation environment for the whole system in an offline manner, such as the initial state of each simulation entity and geographic information.
* The _system management service_ is responsible for the start, monitoring, termination, and other management work of the whole simulation process.
* The _core service_ is responsible for the scheduling and communication of simulation tasks on the simulation node.
* The _distribution service_ is responsible for the distributed communication and time synchronization within each simulation node.
* The _application simulation_ is composed of a variety of application tasks, which are realized with the cooperation of the core service and distribution service.  
The DIS simulation system is simple to implement and has good fault tolerance. Its shortcomings are as follows:  
1. The interoperability between distributed simulation systems can only be realized by standardizing the data communication rules, and systems with complex logical hierarchical relationships cannot be processed.
2. The information exchange between simulation entities is realized by broadcasting, and the utilization rate of bandwidth is very low.
3. Lack of time synchronization between simulators may lead to spatiotemporal inconsistency.  
Figure 2: DIS simulation system architecture.
# Performance Prediction and Design of Stratospheric Propeller
## 7 Conclusions  
In this paper, the airfoil performance of FX63 was obtained by CFD simulation, and the polynomial fitting method was utilized to establish the airfoil database of the lift and  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c} \hline \hline \multirow{2}{*}{\(\lambda\) = 0.57} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**CFD Simulation**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Vortex Theory**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Predict 3**} \\ \cline{2-7}  & **Value** & **Value** & **Deviation** & **Value** & **Deviation** \\ \hline \(C_{T}\) & 0.0760 & 0.0766 & 0.71\% & 0.0787 & 3.46\% \\ \(C_{P}\) & 0.0592 & 0.0576 & \(-\)2.77\% & 0.0593 & 0.12\% \\ \(\eta\) & 0.7336 & 0.7598 & 3.57\% & 0.7580 & 3.33\% \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}
Table 4: Comparison of predicted value and simulate value at design point.  
Figure 19: Comparison of predicted performance with results of CFD simulation: (**a**) thrust coefficient; (**b**) power coefficient; (**c**) efficacy.  
drag coefficients. The results indicated that the propeller design met the requirements of stratospheric airship propulsion system. The CFD model of the propeller was proven to be reliable at different altitudes with the same Reynolds number and advance ratio, and the performance curves were almost identical.  
This paper proposes a method to predict the performance of a propeller for stratospheric airship based on the characteristic blade element, while reducing the amount of iterative calculations. The CFD results were compared with the results of the vortex theory and prediction; the prediction results accuracy was improved compared with that of the vortex theory over a greater range of advance ratios. The \(C_{T}\) predicted deviation was 3.46%, of which \(C_{P}\) was 0.12%, and \(\eta\) was 3.33% when the character section was 0.75\(R\) and the predict parameter was 0.25\(R\).  
This study provides a convenient propulsion force calculation method for the overall design of the stratosphere airship. The propeller performance can be predicted only by the airfoil performance of the characteristic blade element, instead of requiring calculations through an airfoil performance database. This significantly reduces the number of CFD calculations or wind tunnel tests.  
Conceptualization, C.X. and G.T.; Funding acquisition, G.T.; Investigation, C.X.; Methodology, G.T. and Z.W.; Project administration, Z.W.; Resources, Z.W.; Software, C.X.; Validation, G.T.; Visualization, C.X.; Writing--original draft, C.X.; Writing--review & editing, C.X. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript. This research received no external funding.  
Not applicable.  
The data presented in this study are available on request from the corresponding author.  
The authors declare no conflict of interest.