## 3 Results
### Cyberattacks in Smart Grids: Challenges and Implications of Cybersecurity
#### 3.3.2 Leveraging MCDM-AHP for Selecting the Optimal AI Option for Cybersecurity in Smart Grids
The selection and application of specific techniques depend on the specific cybersecurity challenges, available data, and desired outcomes of the smart-grid security system. When evaluating cybersecurity options for smart grids that incorporate artificial intelligence (AI) techniques and methods, several relevant criteria should be considered. These criteria help assess the effectiveness, feasibility, and suitability of cybersecurity options. Here are the key criteria considered in this study:  
1. **\"C1\" Security Effectiveness**:* **Detection Accuracy**: the ability of the AI system to accurately detect and identify security threats and attacks. * **False Positive Rate**: the frequency of incorrectly flagging legitimate activities as security threats. * **False Negative Rate**: the frequency of failing to detect actual security threats or attacks. 2. _\"C2\" Scalability**:
* **Ability to Handle Large Volumes of Data**: the capacity of the AI system to process and analyze a high volume of data generated by smart-grid systems in real-time. * **Computational Efficiency**: the ability of the AI algorithms to perform complex computations within acceptable time frames. 3. _\"C3\" Integration and Compatibility**:
* **Compatibility with Existing Infrastructure**: the extent to which the AI cybersecurity solution can integrate with the existing smart-grid infrastructure, including hardware, software, and communication protocols. * **Interoperability**: the ability of the AI system to work seamlessly with other cybersecurity tools and systems in the smart-grid environment. 4. _\"C4\" Performance Impact**:
* **System Overhead**: the additional computational and resource requirements imposed by the AI cybersecurity solution on the smart-grid system. * **Latency**: the delay introduced by the AI system in detecting and responding to security threats. 5. _\"C5\" Cost-Effectiveness**:
* **Implementation Costs**: the upfront costs associated with acquiring, deploying, and maintaining the AI cybersecurity solution. * **Operational Costs**: the ongoing expenses related to the operation, monitoring, and maintenance of the AI system. 6. _\"C6\" Manageability and Usability**:
* **Ease of Deployment**: the simplicity and efficiency of deploying the AI solution within the smart-grid environment. * **User-Friendliness**: the intuitiveness and ease of use for the cybersecurity personnel responsible for managing and monitoring the AI system. 7. _\"C7\" Compliance and Regulatory Requirements**:
* **Alignment with Industry Standards**: the extent to which the AI cybersecurity solution complies with the relevant industry standards and best practices. * **Adherence to Legal and Regulatory Requirements**: the ability of the AI system to meet the specific legal and regulatory obligations governing smart-grid cybersecurity. 8. _\"C8\" Resilience and Redundancy**:
* **Robustness**: the AI system's ability to withstand and recover from security incidents or cyberattacks. * **Redundancy**: the availability of backup mechanisms or redundant AI components to ensure continuous operation and protection. 9. _\"C9\" Vendor Support and Collaboration**:
* **Availability of Support**: the level of technical support and assistance provided by the AI solution vendor. * **Collaboration Opportunities**: the vendor's willingness to collaborate with smart-grid operators, cybersecurity experts, and researchers to enhance the AI system's capabilities. 10. **\"C10\" Future Readiness**: * **Adaptability and Flexibility**: the AI system's capability to adapt to evolving security threats, technologies, and regulatory changes in the smart-grid domain. * **Upgradability**: the ease with which the AI solution can be upgraded or enhanced with new features or improved algorithms. 11. **\"C11\" Network Segmentation**: the ability of the cybersecurity solution to effectively implement network segmentation and isolation to limit the spread of threats and contain potential breaches. 12.