# Geotechnical and Structural Damages Caused by the 2023 Kahramanmaras Earthqu in Golbasi (Adyaman)
## 1 Introduction
[PERSON] and [PERSON] [18] evaluated the effects of earthquakes on reinforced concrete structures in Adiyaman province. [PERSON] et al. [19; 20] revealed the effects of earthquakes on masonry structures, mosques, and minarets in Adiyama province as a result of field investigations. [PERSON] [21] evaluated the structural damages caused by earthquakes in reinforced concrete structures in Adiyaman province. [PERSON] [22] examined the damages caused by earthquakes on prefabricated structures. [PERSON] and [PERSON] [23] examined the effect of material properties on earthquake damage in the case of Elbistan. [PERSON] [24] evaluated the effects of the earthquake in Diyarbakur province, especially taking into account the reinforcement effect. [PERSON] [25] examined the structural damages in adobe buildings located in the earthquake zone within the framework of a cause-effect relationship. [PERSON] and [PERSON] [26] examined in detail the geotechnical and structural damages caused by the earthquake couple in Malatya province. [PERSON] et al. [27] considered the entire earthquake region to reveal the effects of earthquakes on reinforced concrete structures. [PERSON] et al. [28] evaluated the effects of earthquakes on schools within the scope of the earthquake and civil engineering. [PERSON] and [PERSON] [29] revealed the effects of earthquakes on Diyarbakur Walls. [PERSON] et al. [30] examined the damage to the structures in Hatay, one of the provinces most affected by a pair of independent earthquakes. [PERSON] es al. [31] evaluated debris management and environmental risks in the affected provinces after earthquakes. [PERSON] et al. [32] examined the structural damages in masonry buildings in Hatay province. [PERSON] et al. [33] analyzed the peak ground acceleration decrease characteristics for Pazarcik (Kahramanmaras), which was the first earthquake. Within the scope of this study, the Golbasi district of Adiyaman province, where the most ground and ground-related structural damages were observed, was chosen as an example. The failures that occurred during the 6 February Kahramanmaras earthquake in the district center and villages were evaluated in terms of structural and earthquake engineering in geotechnical and structural contexts. Ground-related damages in particular constitute the main theme of this study. This case study, which aims to present the main reasons for the damages occurring in different structural systems in Golbasi district, also draws attention to the negative features of the structures. While the dominant urban building stock in the district is reinforced concrete, the dominant building stock in rural areas is masonry buildings. In this study, in addition to the damages that occur in the case of insufficient earthquake-soil-structure interactions, the damages that occur in reinforced concrete, masonry, and prefabricated structures are examined within the framework of cause and effect. This study also mentions the damages observed in mosques and minarets. In general, failure to implement earthquake-resistant building design rules has negatively affected the structural damage that occurred. Additionally, information is given about the fault zone where earthquakes occur. The study includes information about the general tectonic and geological structure of the region, geotechnical observations and evaluations, observations and evaluations regarding building materials, and structural performance-based observations and evaluations. The organization of the paper is as follows: Section 2 introduces the characteristics of the East Anatolian Fault Zone, Section 3 describes the Kahramanmaras earthquakesand explains the seismicity and seismo-tectonics of the region, Section 4 describes the seismicity of Adhyaman and the surrounding areas, Section 5 presents the geotechnical findings, Section 6 discusses the structural damages, and at the end, Section 7 covers the main conclusion of the study.