## 4 Discussion  
It is well understood that the competition and stress inherent in both traditional sports and esports induce various alterations in the human body [27; 28; 29]. The stress response that occurs during esports tournaments induces physiological and hormonal changes, as has been repeatedly observed in studies [27; 30]. Several factors influence the magnitude and scope of these changes, including the genre of video games [31], competitive or non \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c} \hline \hline
**Cardiac Activity Indicators** & \
\begin{tabular}{c} **Winners** \\ **Mean \(\pm\) SD** \\ \end{tabular} &
\begin{tabular}{c} **Losers** \\ **Mean \(\pm\) SD** \\ \end{tabular} & \(p\)-Value** \\ \hline Resting HR [beat/min] & 80 \(\pm\) 12 & 76 \(\pm\) 12 & ns \\ Maximum HR [beat/min] & 131 \(\pm\) 16 & 125 \(\pm\) 23 & ns \\ Mean HR [beat/min] & 106 \(\pm\) 18 & 104 \(\pm\) 18 & ns \\ DFA-alpha1 & 1.13 \(\pm\) 0.22 & 1.15 \(\pm\) 0.26 & ns \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 2: Cardiac activity recorded in winners and losers during esports games. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c} \hline \hline  & \multicolumn{3}{c}{**Winners**} & \multicolumn{3}{c}{**Losers**} \\ \hline  & \multicolumn{1}{c}{**Pre-Game**} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{**Post-Game**} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{**Post-Game**} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{**Pre-Game**} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{**Post-Game**} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{**\(p\)-Value**} \\  & \multicolumn{1}{c}{**Mean \(\pm\) SD**} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{**Mean \(\pm\) SD**} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{**Mean \(\pm\) SD**} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{**Mean \(\pm\) SD**} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{**\(p\)-Value**} \\ \hline Systolic BP [mm Hg] & 136.6 \(\pm\) 12.4 & 144.3 \(\pm\) 15.5 & 0.021 & 133.9 \(\pm\) 13.2 & 142.0 \(\pm\) 10.5 & 0.005 \\ Diastolic BP [mm Hg] & 79.6 \(\pm\) 10.2 & 82.0 \(\pm\) 9.7 & ns & 75.1 \(\pm\) 10.3 & 76.7 \(\pm\) 9.6 & ns \\ BLa [mmol/L] & 0.96 \(\pm\) 0.38 & 1.09 \(\pm\) 0.30 & ns & 1.06 \(\pm\) 0.27 & 1.10 \(\pm\) 0.28 & ns \\ Testosterone [mmol/L] & 11.1 \(\pm\) 4.3 & 10.8 \(\pm\) 3.7 & ns & 10.0 \(\pm\) 3.1 & 10.4 \(\pm\) 3.3 & ns \\ Cortisol [mmol/L] & 320.7 \(\pm\) 85.9 & 462.0 \(\pm\) 163.6 & \textless\)0.001 & 302.5 \(\pm\) 131.8 & 433.3 \(\pm\) 170.8 & \textless\)0.001 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 3: Mean values, standard deviations and significance of differences for blood pressure, blood lactate and levels of the analyzed hormones recorded before and after e-sport games in winners and losers. competitive playing conditions [27], tournament level [30] and player experience and skills [30]. In this study, commonly used cardiac activity indices (resting HR, mean HR, maximum HR), DFA-alpha1 and blood pressure measurements were used to assess the cardiovascular response during the playing of CS:GO. Psychophysiological stress reactions involve a complex response of the nervous and hormonal system. Relevant indices, such as HR, BP, T and C changes are commonly included in theoretical models of human competition and associated stress [27]. The CS:GO tournament conducted in this study induced an increase in player HR. The mean maximum HR recorded in our study was 128 \(\pm\) 20 bpm and did not differ significantly between the groups of winners and losers. This observation confirms previous reports that the HR of esports participants is increased during games [17; 32; 33]. [PERSON] et al. [21] demonstrated that DFA-alpha1 and other measures based on nonlinear features of HRV are highly useful for stress detection. Like most features of HRV, DFA-alpha1 is significantly reduced in a stressful situation. [PERSON] et al. [21] examined 42 students under stressful conditions (during an ongoing university examination) and after a holiday period (far away from stress induced by study routines). In non-stressed conditions, the mean DFA-alpha1 values were 1.413 \(\pm\) 0.16, while they dropped to 1.054 \(\pm\) 0.45 in stressed conditions.