## 3 Conceptual Framework and Methods
### Preliminary Study Results
\\ \cline{1-2} Users noticed that images sometimes became irrelevant as the conversation progressed; they wanted an option to request a new image at any time. & \multirow{6}{*}{1} & Enable click-to-generate new image: Allow users to click to generate a new image whenever they want. \\ \cline{1-2} Users frequently ran out of conversation topics, especially due to their limited language proficiency. They wanted the AI to keep the conversation going by asking questions, introducing new topics, and suggesting possible responses. & \multirow{6}{*}{2, 3, 5} & Propose questions and continue conversation: Make the AI ask more questions, introduce new topics, and suggest possible answers when users seem stuck. \\ \cline{1-2} Users felt that the AI often gave overly long responses, making it feel more like reading than conversing. They wanted shorter, more conversational answers. & \multirow{6}{*}{1, 3} & Make AI answers shorter: Limit AI responses to shorter, conversational answers. \\ \cline{1-2} Conversational answers. & & \\ \cline{1-2} Users were concerned about the images being too dramatic, including the possibility of inappropriate or unsettling content (e.g., blood). & \multirow{6}{*}{4} & Add negative prompting for image generation: Avoid sensitive content like blood and other distressing elements in image prompts. \\ \cline{1-2} \cline{4-4}
**
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**Summarized Participant Needs** & **Participant(s)** & **End-User Requests** \\ \hline Users found it difficult to get started with the roleplay and felt the interaction was not personal. They wanted more structure at the beginning, such as being asked for their name, the conversation partner’s name, and the purpose of learning German. & \multirow{6}{*}{1, 2} & Update conversation flow: Ask for name, conversation partner’s name, and purpose for learning German before starting the roleplay. \\ \cline{1-2} learning German. & & \\ \cline{1-2} Users sometimes did not understand parts of a sentence and wanted a translation feature (e.g., hover translate) to check meanings in English. & \multirow{6}{*}{1, 2, 3} & Enable click-to-translate: Let users click on words/sentences for translation into English. \\ \cline{1-2} When struggling to formulate sentences in German, users wished they could type in English and have it automatically translated into German before being sent. & \multirow{6}{*}{3, 5} & Allow English input: Translate the user’s English input to German before sending it to the AI conversation partner. \\ \cline{1-2} Users noticed that images sometimes became irrelevant as the conversation progressed; they wanted an option to request a new image at any time. & \multirow{6}{*}{1} & Enable click-to-generate new image: Allow users to click to generate a new image whenever they want. \\ \cline{1-2} Users frequently ran out of conversation topics, especially due to their limited language proficiency. They wanted the AI to keep the conversation going by asking questions, introducing new topics, and suggesting possible responses. & \multirow{6}{*}{2, 3, 5} & Propose questions and continue conversation: Make the AI ask more questions, introduce new topics, and suggest possible answers when users seem stuck. \\ \cline{1-2} Users felt that the AI often gave overly long responses, making it feel more like reading than conversing. They wanted shorter, more conversational answers. & \multirow{6}{*}{1, 3} & Make AI answers shorter: Limit AI responses to shorter, conversational answers. \\ \cline{1-2} Conversational answers. & & \multirow{6}{*}{4} & Make AI answers shorter: Limit AI responses to shorter, conversational answers. \\ \cline{1-2} Users were concerned about the images being too dramatic, including the possibility of inappropriate or unsettling content (e.g., blood). & \multirow{6}{*}{1, 3} & Add negative prompting for image generation: Avoid sensitive content like blood and other distressing elements in image prompts. \\ \cline{1-2} Conversational answers.