## 1 Introduction  
The growing interest in harnessing renewable energy sources (RESs) for electricity generation reflects a global commitment to energy security and environmental sustainability [1, 2]. While solar energy has seen widespread adoption, the inherent challenge of the variable low-voltage output of photovoltaic panels hinders their applicability for high DC supply voltage needs. Addressing this limitation, the integration of DC-DC converters becomes imperative, facilitating voltage boosts for diverse applications, including LED streetlights, medical equipment, uninterruptible power supplies, and microgrid systems [3, 4]. Researchers have explored various DC-DC conversion techniques to achieve high voltage gains, such as SEPIC and boost converters. However, these face challenges like reduced component counts, efficiency issues at high voltage gains, and increased stress on power switches [1, 5]. Consequently, numerous researchers have proposed different technologies for DC-DC converters, which can be broadly categorized into two types: isolated converters that utilize coupled inductors or transformers, and non-isolated converters that employ coupled inductors without transformers. A modified DC-DC boost converter was introduced with a coupled inductor for enhanced performance in [1]. For isolation needs, in [6], a full bridge with an isolation transformer interleaved flyback DC-DC converter is suggested. Additionally, a boost-SEPIC DC-DC converter integrating soft switching techniques for voltage regulation in PV systems is presented in [7]. Similarly, a non-isolated DC-DC converter based on the diode-capacitor technique utilizing a coupled inductor is introduced in [8; 9; 10]. Likewise, a non-isolated DC-DC converter employing an interleaved structure with coupled inductors and a switched capacitor, resulting in an improved voltage conversion ratio, is proposed in [9; 10; 11; 12; 13; 14; 15; 16; 17; 18; 19; 20; 21; 22; 23; 24]. These converters have exhibited notable achievements in terms of high voltage gains. However, they are plagued by certain limitations that impede their overall performance. These drawbacks include the excessive utilization of both passive and active elements, a substantial count of diodes, an increase in the parasitic resistance of inductors and capacitors, and a consequent reduction in efficiency. Furthermore, the pursuit of achieving a high voltage gain by augmenting the turn ratio of coupled inductors results in an escalation in internal resistance, further compromising the system's efficiency [5; 11; 12; 13; 14; 15; 16; 17; 18; 19; 20; 21; 22; 23; 24]. An additional challenge arises from the low switching frequency employed by these converters, necessitating the use of bulky inductors and capacitors. Furthermore, the voltage gain is adversely affected by the on-resistance (Ron) of the power MOSFET, which decreases the efficiency of the system. Moreover, the presence of coupled inductor converters generates high spike voltages during the off state of the power switch due to the inductance of the parasitic capacitance associated with the power MOSFET switch. To tackle this issue, a clamped circuit may be introduced in the power switch [6; 7; 8; 9; 10]. Researchers have explored innovative approaches to enhance voltage gains in DC-DC converters. In [12; 13; 14; 15; 16; 17; 18; 19; 20; 21; 22; 23; 24; 25; 26; 27; 28; 29; 30; 31; 32; 33; 34], a modified DC-DC converter based on interleaved boost and buck-boost topologies is presented, integrating extendable switched capacitor cells for stand-alone PV systems. In [13; 14], a modified SEPIC-based step-up converter combining a quasi-Z-source (qZS) and a switched capacitor network was presented for improved performance. In [15; 16; 17; 18; 19; 20; 21], a hybrid switched inductor and a switched-capacitor-based quasi-Z-source DC-DC boost converter were introduced, leveraging the strengths of both for efficient voltage conversion.