## 3 Results
### Groups without a Defined Provenance: CG21, CG10, CG17, CG19
#### 3.4.5 Loners Possibly Related to These Groups  
Twelve single individuals or loners (MOS053, 019, 038, 047, 008, 071, 066, 072, 052, 049, 027, and 033) (Figure 5) are possibly related to the above groups, except for group CG10, which stands clearly apart. The loners share general similarities with groups CG17, CG19, and CG21, even if several differences in their chemical composition prevent their classification in those groups. Several aspects are worthy of consideration. Individuals MOS066, 072, and 027 are classified into petrographic Group 4, as is the case with the members of chemical groups CG19 and CG21. Individuals MOS0039 and 070, on the left-hand side of the dendrogram (Figure 5), are also classified into petrographic Group 4, but their chemical composition shows more significant differences, notably much higher CaO and Sr contents. Individual MOS047 is classified into petrographic Group 6, as is individual MOS063 from chemical group CG17.  
In addition to the petrographic evidence, in chemical terms, it is significant that, even if Sn was disregarded for the data treatment on account of several values below the lower limit of regression, some individuals exhibited atypically high Sn concentrations that might be diagnostic in the future for assigning provenance. Individuals MOS054 and 079 (CG19), MOS068 (CG17), and loners MOS053 and 019 have concentrations from 52 to 107 mg/kg,while loner MOS038 goes up to 266 mg/kg (Table 2). Such concentrations might be related to areas of tin mineralisation. The Iberian Peninsula is rich in such mineralisations that have been exploited since the Bronze Age, especially in the Hesperian (or Iberian) Massif, which covers most of the western half of the Iberian Peninsula. The northwestern part of this Massif is particularly rich in such tin mineralisations forming the Iberian tin belt [65]. However, the northwest of the Iberian Peninsula, where this tin belt reaches the coast, has no evidence of western Phoenician pottery production. Within the southern part of the Hesperian Massif, two units of interest are the South-Portuguese Zone, at the southernmost side of the Massif, and the Ossa-Morena Zone, just to its north. The South-Portuguese Zone contains the Iberian Pyrite Belt (IPB), one of the largest mining districts in the world, including Sn mineralisations, for example, in the Alentejo [66]. This unit occupies the area from the province of Sevilla and south of Lisbon, almost to the Atlantic coast. In the search for tin, among other metals, the Phoenicians established several colonies on that coast, especially in the Tagus estuary, where they produced ceramics (e.g., [67; 68]). Within the Ossa-Morena Zone, there is evidence of tin mining and metallurgy at Cerro de San Cristobal (Logrosan, Caceres, central Spain) since the Late Bronze Age [65], but also some tin ingots from the Phoenician shipw of del Bajo de la Campana (Cartagena, Murcia) (ca. 625-575 BC) have an origin in Los Pedroches (Cordoba) [69; 70]. Finally, tin mineralisation also exists in the area of La Union, in the coastal area of Murcia at Portman Bay [71], in the southeast of the Iberian Peninsula. However, again, there is no evidence of western Phoenician pottery production in the vicinity.