# Adaptive Harmony Search for Tuned Liquid Damper Optimization under Seismic Excitation
## 5 Conclusions  
The optimization of tuned liquid dampers is important in terms of control performance. Considering the maximum displacement reduction percentages of the critical earthquake analysis obtained from this study, it can be seen that the effect on the control performance increases as the structure period decreases. In the model where the natural period of the structure was 0.5 s, the maximum displacement reduction of 28.52% was achieved, while a decrease of 28.22% was achieved in the ten-story structure. In the light of these data, it is understood that optimizing \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c c c} \hline \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**Variable**} & \multicolumn{6}{c}{**Single-Storey Structure**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Ten-Storey Structure**} \\ \cline{2-9}  & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**T = 0.5 s**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**T = 1.0 s**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**T = 1.5 s**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**T = 1.5 s**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**AHS**} \\ \cline{2-9}  & **HS** & **AHS** & **HS** & **AHS** & **HS** & **AHS** & **HS** & **AHS** \\ \hline Displacement (m) & 28.23\% & 28.52\% & 13.93\% & 14.87\% & 12.07\% & 12.29\% & 27.61\% & 28.22\% \\ \hline Total Acceleration (m/s\({}^{2}\)) & 26.97\% & 27.29\% & 15.53\% & 16.15\% & 12.75\% & 12.83\% & 25.81\% & 27.12\% \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 10: Structure displacement and total acceleration reduction percentages for structures with a TLD. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c} \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**Structure**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**HS**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**AHS**} \\ \cline{2-5}  & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Mean (m)**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Standard**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Mean (m)**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Standard**} \\  & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Deviation**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Deviation**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Deviation**} \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{Single-Storey Structure} & T = 0.5 s & 0.1275797 & 0.0001412 & 0.1268766 & 0.0000020 \\ \cline{2-5}  & T = 1.0 s & 0.2473938 & 0.0000460 & 0.2446044 & 0.0000005 \\ \cline{2-5}  & T = 1.5 s & 0.257560 & 0.0001492 & 0.2567763 & 0.0000051 \\ \hline Ten-Storey Structure & 0.2973825 & 0.0001058 & 0.2943965 & 0.0000034 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 11: Means and standard deviations of ten optimizations of maximum displacement in critical earthquake analysis. TLD devices, which are generally used in the control of wind vibrations, can show good damping performance in seismic excitations. When the harmony search algorithm and the optimization results of the adaptive harmony search algorithm, obtained by its adaptation, are examined, it can be determined that the AHS algorithm provides better displacement reduction than the classical HS algorithm. Considering the total acceleration values, it is seen that the single-story structure provides a 27.29% decrease in the 0.5 s period, and the ten-story structure provides a 27.12% decrease. It is understood that TLD optimization is very effective in reducing the total acceleration, as well as the displacement. It has been determined that the HMCR and FW values can be very different from the values provided without adjusting the optimum values. Adapting the parameters to include the correct values of these parameters increased damping performance. Considering all these results, it can be said that adapting the algorithm parameters makes the optimization more efficient. [PERSON], [PERSON] and [PERSON] generated the analysis code. [PERSON] and [PERSON] developed the theory, background, and formulations of the active control system. The modification of HS was performed by [PERSON] and [PERSON]. The text of the paper was written by [PERSON], [PERSON] and [PERSON]. The figures were drawn by [PERSON], [PERSON] and [PERSON]. [PERSON] and [PERSON] edited the paper and supervised the research direction. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript. This work was supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) grant, funded by the Korean government (MSIT) (2020R1A2C1A01011131).