## 3 Results and Discussions
### Environmental Assessment Results  
By analyzing the production of AC, only the steps of grinding and sieving, chemical activation, and drying of the AC final product are considered. The results, shown in Table 5, demonstrate that three processes were responsible for the majority of the impact: chemical activation of raw material by utilizing H\({}_{3}\)PO\({}_{4}\), followed by drying the washed AC, and finally the grinding and sieving step. The respective impact contributions of the three key AC production phases selected in the categories evaluated are shown in Figure 6. In terms of most of the impacts considered in this study, the chemical activation step had the biggest ecological impact. The following is the ascending order of the impacts, the ozone layer depletion potential (42.27%), the acidification potential (55.31%), human toxicity (57.00%), freshwater aquatic ecotoxicity (85.01%), terrestrial ecotoxicity (86.17%), and eutrophication (92.20%). The usage of H\({}_{3}\)PO\({}_{4}\) was the largest contributor, particularly for human toxicity and acidification potential impacts; phosphoric acid contributed 90% and 90%, respectively, to these impacts. The category of abiotic depletion involves three steps of grinding/sieving, chemical activation, and drying with percentages of 10.20%, 25.15%, and 25.32%, respectively. Figure 4: TGA analysis of activated carbon prepared from olive trees and _Lantana camera_. The global warming potential calculates how much each pollutant contributes to warming the atmosphere when compared to carbon dioxide (greenhouse effect) [27]. Regarding this impact, the results demonstrate that producing 1 g of AC from 6 g of olive tree emits 5.210 kg of CO\({}_{2}\) eq. [PERSON] et al. (2013) and [PERSON] et al. (2005) reported 11.096 and 11 kg of CO\({}_{2}\) were emitted from the preparation of AC from olive-waste cake and hard coal [18; 28]. The main cause of this effect was the use of electricity. This could be related to the fuel cycle emissions produced when natural gas is used to generate electricity. When natural gas is utilized to produce electricity, large volumes of methane are released, which contributes to global warming. Natural gas was used to produce the majority of the electricity in this study, which led to the production of this effect. To mitigate this impact, renewable energy should be employed. The Cumulative Energy Demand (CED) is a part of the LCA. The CED enables energy criteria to be used to compare and evaluate products and services. The primary energy demand, which includes all energy carriers found in nature, will be computed for the investigated product for the entire lifetime. The CED is the total energy demand for an economic good's production (CEDP), usage (CEDU), and disposal (CEDD). The CED in this study was found to be 70.521 MJ per kg. The contributions to this impact for grinding/sieving, chemical activation, and drying were 3.52, 43.2, and 21.6%, respectively. Electricity is widely employed as an energy source to power all of the equipment utilized in the production process. Figure 5: FT-IR analysis of activated carbon prepared from olive trees and _Lantana camara_.