## 3 Results
### RQ4. How Has the Relationship Between Owners and Their Pets Changed with the Implementation of IoT? The identified studies were grouped into seven main categories based on the functions of the prototypes. These categories are described as follows: proper feeding, preventive veterinary care, affection and care, a safe environment, a clean habitat, physical activity, and well-being. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c c c c} \hline
**ID** & **Type of Pet** & **Physical Environment** & **Health** & **Location** & **Feeding** & **Accessing** & **Monitoring** & **Watering** & **Comfort** & **Cleaning** \\ \hline S72 & Cat & Home & & x & & & & & \\ \hline S73 & General & Home & & x & x & x & & & \\ \hline S74 & General & Home & & & x & & & & \\ \hline S75 & Dog & Home & & x & & & & & \\ \hline S76 & Fish & Home & & x & x & & & & \\ \hline S77 & General & Home & & x & & & & & \\ \hline S78 & Cat & Home & x & & x & & & & \\ \hline S79 & Fish & Home & & x & & & & & \\ \hline S80 & General & Home & & & x & & x & & x \\ \hline S81 & Cat & Home & & x & & x & X & & \\ \hline  & Total & & 20 & 8 & 64 & 12 & 40 & 22 & 14 & 12 \\ \hline  & Percentage & & 24.69 & 9.88 & 79.01 & 14.81 & 49.38 & 27.16 & 17.28 & 14.81 \\ \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 4: _Cont._* Proper Feeding. Firstly, prototypes designed to ensure proper feeding focused on automated pet feeding and nutritional management. These studies emphasized technological tools that enable the remote feeding and monitoring of feeding habits. Some also addressed obesity prevention by ensuring appropriate portion sizes and monitoring pet weight to adjust feeding as needed (e.g., S8, S9, S13, S30, S34, S49, S55, S59, S61, S72, and S78). Additionally, several proposals focused on balanced nutrition, notifying owners when food supplies run low or when adjustments are necessary for improved pet health. A shared priority across these studies was feeding, with additional emphasis on weight management and healthy eating habits. * Preventive Veterinary Care. Secondly, devices oriented toward preventive veterinary care are useful for supporting veterinarians. These prototypes extended beyond feeding to offer comprehensive health monitoring, with an emphasis on disease prevention and the control of clinical variables. Some of the proposals monitored health indicators such as weight and behavior, while others included the detection of behavioral anomalies that may signal health issues (e.g., S6, S7, S33, S34, and S35). Additionally, certain devices monitored food portions and the animal's nutritional status to prevent diet-related diseases. The common goal here was to use technology for continuous health monitoring, helping owners to maintain pet health and detect potential issues early to prevent serious conditions. * Affection and Care. Thirdly, in the category of emotional care and companionship, some of the studies focused on tools that strengthen the bond between pets and owners. These prototypes enabled owners to maintain virtual contact with their animals, reducing anxiety for both (e.g., S56). Some of the devices allowed for direct communication, while others provided remote monitoring during owner absences. Collectively, these tools support pets' emotional needs and companionship, even when the owner is not physically present (e.g., S16 and S69). * Safe Environment. Fourthly, in the category of safe environment monitoring, the prototypes focused on ensuring secure surroundings for pets by tracking their location and environment. Some of the devices were particularly useful for pets in controlled habitats, like aquariums or cages, where they ensured stable, healthy conditions (e.g., S1, S6, S12, S14, S16, S20, S22, S25, S34, S40, S41, S49, S56, S58, S59, S60, S61, and S62). Other devices incorporated tracking systems to locate lost pets or monitor their movements in real time (e.g., S7).