# Probiotic Molecules That Inhib Inflammatory Diseases
## 1 Introduction Mod
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c} \hline
**Organism** & **Molecule** & **Results** & **Reference** \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{_Bifidobacterium Longum_ 35624_} & \multirow{4}{*}{EPS\({}^{\text{BI}}\)} & EPS\({}^{\text{BI}}\) dampens pro-inflammatory cytokines and reduces inflammatory symptoms in a T cell transfer colitis model. & [30] \\  & & EPS\({}^{\text{BI}}\) stimulates the release of IL-10 in a TLR2-dependent manner and reduces eosinophil recruitment in the lungs in a respiratory inflammation mouse model. & [31] \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{_Bifidobacterium Longum_ _YS108R_} & \multirow{2}{*}{EPS\({}^{\text{BI}}\)} & EPS\({}^{\text{BI}}\) reduces the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6 and IL-17A, alleviating inflammation in a colitis murine model. & [32] \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{_Bifidobacterium_ sp.} & \multirow{2}{*}{Fimbirae} & Fimbirae facilitate gut colonization and stimulation of macrophage cytokine production, TNF-\(\alpha\), IL-6, and IL-10. & [33; 34; 35] \\ \hline _Escherichia coli Nissle_ 1917 & \multirow{2}{*}{Flagellin} & Flagellin induces the release of \(\beta\)-defensin-2 in epithelial cells through NF-\(\kappa\)B- and AP-1-dependent pathways _in vitro_. & [36] \\ \hline _Lactobacillus acidophilus_ & \multirow{2}{*}{Surface layer protein A} & \multirow{2}{*}{SlpA binds the lectin-receptor DC-SIGN and increases IL-10 and reduces IL-12p70 production from DCs.} & [37] \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{_Lactobacillus casei_} & \multirow{2}{*}{Lactoceptin} & Lactoeptin can selectively hydrolyze pro-inflammatory chemokine IP-10 leading to reduced lymphocyte recruitment in an iletis murine model. & [38] \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{_Lactobacillus casei BL23_} & \multirow{2}{*}{p40 and p75} & Secreted proteins p40 and p75 stimulate Akt activation, display anti-apoptotic activity, and prevent epithelial barrier damage in colitis murine models. & [39; 40; 41] \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{_Lactobacillus casei_} & \multirow{2}{*}{
\begin{tabular}{c} High molecular \\ components of cell wall \\ \end{tabular} } & High molecular weight cell wall components of _Lactobacillus_ & [42] \\  & & _casei Shirota_ decrease LPS-induced IL-6 production in macrophages. & [45] \\  & & Polysaccharide peptideoglycan complex improves ileitis and inhibits IL6/STAT3 signaling in a murine colitis model. & [43] \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{_Lactobacillus heleticus_ _KLD1.8701_} & \multirow{2}{*}{EPS\({}^{\text{Lh}}\)} & EPS\({}^{\text{Lh}}\) reduces intestinal inflammation and improves mucosal barrier function in a murine colitis model. & [44] \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{_Lactobacillus_ _kefiranefaciens_} & \multirow{2}{*}{EPS\({}^{\text{Lk}}\)} & EPS\({}^{\text{Lk}}\) increases the number of IgA\({}^{+}\) cells in the small and large intestines and increases the levels of IL-4 and IL-12 in the intestinal fluid and serum. & [45] \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{_Lactobacillus plantarum_} & \multirow{2}{*}{Serine-threonine peptide (STp)} & STp changes the phenotype of DC from ulcerative colitis patients by reducing TLR expression, increasing activation markers, and restoring stimulatory capacity. & [46] \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{_Lactobacillus plantarum_} & \multirow{4}{*}{LTA} & LTA from _L. plantarum_ and _Staphylococcus aureus_ alleviates atopic dermatitis by regulating the complement regulatory proteins CD55 and CD59 and reducing activation of the complement system. & [47] \\  & & LTA inhibits the release of TNF-\(\alpha\) and IL-10 from stimulated THP-1 cells by dephosphorylation c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and p38, respectively. & [48] \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{_Lactobacillus plantarum_} & \multirow{2}{*}{LTA} & LTA suppresses inflammatory cytokine-mediated \\  & & & complement activation through the inhibition of C3 synthesis. & [49] \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{_Lactobacillus plantarum_} & \multirow{2}{*}{EPS\({}^{\text{I-P}}\)} & EPS\({}^{\text{I-P}}\) suppresses the pro-inflammatory cytokine mediators, COX-2, IL-6, TNF-\(\alpha\), and IL-1\(\beta\) induced by LPS. & [50] \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{_Lactobacillus plantarum_} & \multirow{2}{*}{EPS\({}^{\text{I-P}}\)} & EPS\({}^{\text{I-P}}\) activates RP105/MD1 on intestinal epithelial cells to reduce inflammatory pathways. & [51] \\  & & & \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{_Lactobacillus rhamnosus_ _GG_} & \multirow{2}{*}{Pili} & Pili helps the adhesion of _Lactobacillus rhamnosus_ GG to epithelial and the release of anti-inflammatory IL-10, IL-8, and IL-6 from epithelial cells. & [34; 52] \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{_Lactobacillus rhamnosus_ _GG_} & \multirow{2}{*}{Lipoteichoic acid (LTA)} & LTA improves colitis in a murine model. & [53; 54] \\  & & & \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{_Lactobacillus_ GG} & \multirow{2}{*}{Lipoteichoic acid (LTA)} & Administration of culture supernatants reduces eosinophil & [53; 54] \\  & & & numbers, goblet cells, and lung inflammation in murine allergy model. & [53; 54] \\ \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}