## 3 Programme Design Studies
### Commonly Used Soft Foundation Treatment Methods  
Combined with the actual situation of the project, in order to seek the most suitable way of soft foundation treatment, the commonly used soft foundation treatment methods are compared and analysed. The specific application principles, advantages and disadvantages, and the scope of application are shown in Table 1[23; 24].  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Treatment** & **Principle** & **Advantages** & **Disadvantages** & **Scope of Application** \\ \hline \multirow{6}{*}{drainage consolidation} & Through the pressurisation and & & The long & \\  & drainage systems the free water in & & construction period, & \\  & the soft ground is induced to & & the large geological & \\  & drain through the gaps, the water & & treatable depth and & \\  & content of the soil is reduced, the & & low cost. & \\  & effective stress is continuously & & & state of the \\  & increased, and the bearing & & & surrounding original \\  & capacity of the soil is improved. & & & buildings. \\ \hline \multirow{6}{*}{replacement bedding method} & The use of excavated stone slag, & & & Only suitable for \\  & sand and gravel and other & & A radical & the replacement fill & shallow replacement \\  & materials with good permeability & & improvement to the & requires a large & \\  & to replace the soil layer, filling and & & foundation, simple to & \\  & compaction in layers to improve & & implement, fast to & \\  & the base bearing capacity, control & & construct and cost & \\  & settlement and change the & & effective. & \\  & permeability of the soil layer. & & & \\ \hline \multirow{6}{*}{geogridsGrid construction} & To channel infiltration works, & & & \\  & isolate the partitioning effect and & & & \\  & form a transversely and & & & \\  & longitudinally bonded monolithic & & cost effective. & \\  & structure, this is often achieved by & & & \\  & means of geogrids, grids, etc. & & & \\ \hline \multirow{6}{*}{gegrid pile} & \multirow{6}{*}{plain concrete} & The holes are first cut to the & & High load-bearing & \\  & design depth at the construction & & & \\  & piles & site, then the concrete is poured & & \\  & and compacted into shape. & & techniques, easy to & \\  & & & control the quality & \\  & & & of construction. & \\ \hline rigid pile composite & & & The treatment depth & \\  & compositions & & is large, the & \\  & foundations & & construction is & \\  & The squeezing action is used to & & convenient, the & the monopile load & \\  & CFG pile & & & \\  & (Cement Fly Ash & & foundation soil and improve the & \\  & Gravel pile) & overall stability and bearing & & improving the & \\  & capacity of the foundation. & & bearing capacity of & construction \\  & & the natural & & \\  & & foundation is & environment. & \\  & & remarkable. & \\ \hline \multirow{6}{*}{cement mixing piles} & The cement slurry, lime and other & & & The construction & \\  & curing agents are mixed with the & & & process is complex & \\  & foundation soil to form a & & improves the overall & \\  & columnar cement soil, which in & & & \\  & turn improves the geological & & bearing capacity of & \\  & environment, increases the & & the soil and is fast & \\  & compression modulus of the soil & & to construct. & \\  & and reduces settlement. & & & \\ \hline \multirow{6}{*}{ultralight fill} & \multirow{6}{*}{Foam} & By reducing the self-weight of the & & Lightness, adjustable & \\  & road base fill to reduce the & & strength, high & \\  & & additional stress on the & & \\  & lightweight & & foundation, the effect of & \\  & & & self-supporting after & \\ method & Concrete (FLC) & & improving the stability of the & curing, water & \\  & & foundation and reducing & resistance, & \\  & post-work settlement is achieved. & durability, etc. & & \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}
Table 1: Comparison of different soft base treatment methods.