## 2 Classes of Secondary Metabolites
### Miscellaneous  
From _S. trocheliorbourum_, tetradecyloctadecanoate **427**, 2,3-dihydroxypropyloctadecyl ether **428** and tetradecyl-9-Z-octadecanoate **429** were identified [29]. In addition, purification of the total lipid extract of _S. trocheliorbourum_ provided four butenolides **430-433** with different chain substitutions and saturation together with three fatty acids, arachidonic acid, eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoicenoic methyl esters **434-436** and prostaglandin PGB2 **437**[122]. An infrequent prostaglandin was isolated from _S. crassocaule_, (5Z)-9,15-dioxoprosta-5,8(12)-dien-1-oate **438** based on spectral analysis. This was the first time to report a prostaglandin with a C-15 keto group from natural origin [123]. Furthermore, from the ethyl acetate and n-butanol fractions of _S. crassocaule_, two isolated metabolites identified as scrophotonone **439** a tetra-substituted quinone, and sarcophytonamine **440** a quaternary amine were reported. It might be valuable to know that these quinone derivatives are scarce in marine organisms and only sarcophytonone **439** was identified in _S. nayi_[124]. Five compounds were isolated from _S. infundibular_, three were reported \(O\)-glycosglyglycerol known as sarcoglycosides A-C **441-443** and chimyl alcohol and hexadecanol **444** and **445**. Sarcoglycoside A **441** was the first glycoglycerolipid to be isolated from soft coral, while sarcoglycosides B and C **442** and **443** were rare marine isolates, composed of a lysozyme residue and chimyl alcohol moiety [125]. Moreover, one \(\alpha\)-tocopherol quinone derivative, 3,5,6-trimethyl-2-14S-3,11,14-trihydroxy-3,7,11,15-tetramethylhexadecylcyclohexa-2,5-diene-1,4-dione **446**, was isolated [64]. Purification of ethyl acetate extract of _S. elrenbergi_ yielded ten prostaglandandins, sarcoehrendin A-J **447-456** together with five correlated compounds **457-461**. Sarcoehrendin A **447** was found to be the acetylated derivative of arachidonic acid ethyl; previously isolated from _Lobophyto depressum_[126; 127]. Another six prostaglandandins **462-467**, were reported from _S. elrenbergi_, three were reported to be of marine origin [121]. From _S. elrenbergi_ extract, 2-methyl-1-octanol ester of (_E_)-3-(4 methoxyphenyl) propenoic acid **468** was reported. The authors mentioned that stereochemical structure of 2-methyl-1-octanol ester of (_E_)-3-(4 methoxyphenyl) propenoic acid **468** was ensured via synthesis of two possible isomers (S)-1 and (_R_)-1 which was recognized by an asymmetric synthesis using 4-benzyl-2-oxazolidinone chiral auxiliaries from octanoic acid [128]. From _S. eltenbergi_ ceramide **469** was reported alongside two cerebrosides, sarcoehrenosides A and B **470** and **471**. A detailed spectral analysis revealed the occurrence of an amide linkage, a long chain, and a sugar, dependable with the C-9 methyl cerebroside nature of sarcoehrenoside A **470**[129]. Three carotenoids, peridinin, peridininol and peridininol-5,8-furanoxide **472-474** were reported for the first time from _S. elegans_. Chemical structures were interpreted by using spectral data and reported data [130]. Additionally, from _Sarcophyton_ sp. another carotenoid, all-trans-(9'Z,11'Z)-(3R,3'S,5'R,6'R)-pyrrboxanthin **475** was isolated [76]. Methyl lortuoaate A and methyl tortuoaate B **476** and **477**, two tetracycline tetraterpenoids, together with methyl sartarttouoate **478** and methyl isosarttouoate **479**, were reported from _S. tortuosum_. Methyl tortuoaate A **476** was similar to methyl sartarttouate **478** in structure, except for the presence of secondary  
Figure 7: Polyhydroxylated sterols reported from _Sarcophyton_ sp. hydroxyl group in methyl tortuoate A **476** and absence of one tertiary hydroxyl functional group and conjugated diene. As for, methyl tortuoate B **477**, it was found to be similar to methyl isosortutoate **479** in structure, but with no hydroxyl group at C-27 [131].