## 4 Results and Discussion
### Results of NACA0012 Models
#### 4.1.6 Sharp Trailing Edge Based on Definition Formula Applying 400 Points  
Figure 11 depicts the error ratios of force coefficients between simulation data and experimental data and under different AOA ranges; the related mean error ratios are presented in Table 13. The optimal simulations were executed by SA+16 m, SST+12 m, SST+20 m, SST+20 m, SST+20 m, SST+20 m and SA+20 m and the results were (0.05%, 0.00%), (1.02%, 1.25%), (2.83%, 1.42%), (4.94%, 1.18%), (5.75%, 1.54%) and (6.67%, 1.55%), respectively. At the range of (0\({}^{\circ}\), 2\({}^{\circ}\)), despite the result of SST+12 m being the same as that of SST+16 m, the variance of the former is superior to the latter. Therefore, SST+12 m behaves best. At the range of (0\({}^{\circ}\), 4\({}^{\circ}\)), SST+12 m obtains the best result of \(C_{l}\) and SST+20 m has the minimum C\({}_{d}\). Since the C\({}_{d}\) is a magnitude greater than the C\({}_{l}\), the performance of SST+20 m is preferred. At the range of (0\({}^{\circ}\), 6\({}^{\circ}\)), similarly, the optimal result is obtained by SST+20 m.  
Figure 12: (**a**) Drag coefficient based on 12 m far-field distance; (**b**) lift coefficient based on 12 m far-field distance.  
Figure 13: (a) Drag coefficient based on 16 m far-field distance; (b) lift coefficient based on 16 m far-field distance.  
Figure 14: (a) Drag coefficient based on 20 m far-field distance; (b) lift coefficient based on 20 m far-field distance.  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c} \hline \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**Simulation Configurations**} & \multicolumn{6}{c}{**Range of AOA(\({}^{\circ}\))**} \\ \cline{2-7}  & **(0\({}^{\circ}\), 0\({}^{\circ}\))** & **(0\({}^{\circ}\), 2\({}^{\circ}\))** & **(0\({}^{\circ}\), 4\({}^{\circ}\))** & **(0\({}^{\circ}\), 6\({}^{\circ}\))** & **(0\({}^{\circ}\), 8\({}^{\circ}\))** & **(0\({}^{\circ}\), 10\({}^{\circ}\))** \\ \hline SST+blunt & (1.31\%, 0.00\%) & (1.28\%, 1.79\%) & (3.43\%, 1.75\%) & (5.63\%, 1.34\%) & (6.52\%, 1.61\%) & (8.04\%, 1.46\%) \\ SST+NACA4 & (1.19\%, 0.00\%) & **(0.78\%, 1.38\%)** & **(2.80\%, 1.22\%)** & **(4.98\%, 1.11\%)** & (5.89\%, 1.55\%) & (7.50\%, 1.52\%) \\ SST+132 formula & (1.05\%, 0.00\%) & (0.78\%, 1.54\%) & (2.81\%, 1.44\%) & (4.93\%, 1.19\%) & (5.75\%, 1.55\%) & (7.20\%, 1.45\%) \\ SST+200 formula & (1.08\%, 0.00\%) & (0.81\%, 1.54\%) & (2.88\%, 1.43\%) & (5.07\%, 1.20\%) & (6.05\%, 1.58\%) & (7.73\%, 1.51\%) \\ SST+264 formula & (1.07\%, 0.00\%) & (0.79\%, 1.53\%) & (2.82\%, 1.43\%) & (4.94\%, 1.18\%) & (5.78\%, 1.55\%) & (7.21\%, 1.45\%) \\ SST+400 formula & (1.06\%, 0.00\%) & (0.83\%, 2.08\%) & (3.13\%, 2.14\%) & (5.28\%, 1.75\%) & (5.98\%, 1.78\%) & (7.50\%, 1.53\%) \\ SA+132 formula & (0.02\%, 0.00\%) & (0.73\%, 2.07\%) & (2.98\%, 2.14\%) & (5.03\%, 1.77\%) & (5.61\%, 1.77\%) & (6.68\%, 1.56\%) \\ SA+200 formula & **(0.00\%, 0.00\%)** & (0.72\%, 2.08\%) & (3.02\%, 2.14\%) & (5.15\%, 1.75\%) & (5.88\%, 1.78\%) & (7.16\%, 1.53\%) \\ SA+264 formula & (0.01\%, 0.00\%) & (0.72\%, 2.06\%) & (2.98\%, 2.13\%) & (5.03\%, 1.76\%) & (5.61\%, 1.77\%) & (6.67\%, **1.55\%)** \\ SA+400 formula & (0.05\%, 0.00\%) & (0.75\%, 2.06\%) & (3.01\%, 2.13\%) & (5.05\%, 1.76\%) & (5.62\%, 1.77\%) & (6.67\%, 1.55\%) \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}
Table 16: The mean error ratios of C\({}_{d}\) and C\({}_{l}\) of 20 m far-field distance.  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c} \hline \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**Simulation Configurations**} & \multicolumn{6}{c}{**Range of AOA(\({}^{\circ}\))**} \\ \cline{2-7}  & **(0\({}^{\circ}\), 0\({}^{\circ}\))** & **(0\({}^{\circ}\), 2\({}^{\circ}\))** & **(0\({}^{\circ}\), 4\({}^{\circ}\))** & **(0\({}^{\circ}\), 6\({}^{\circ}\))** & **(0\({}^{\circ}\), 8\({}^{\circ}\))** & **(0\({}^{\circ}\), 10\({}^{\circ}\))** \\ \hline SST+blunt & (0.37\%, 0.00\%) & (1.02\%, 1.85\%) & (3.85\%, 1.81\%) & (6.83\%, 1.38\%) & (8.48\%, 1.66\%) & (10.70\%, 1.51\%) \\ SST+NACA4 & (1.19\%, 0.00\%) & **(1.01\%, 1.17\%)** & **(3.50\%, 0.95\%)** & **(6.23\%, 1.00\%)** & **(7.69\%, 1.52\%)**