## 2 Literature Review
Similarly, [PERSON] and [PERSON] [29]explored the potential for reducing global greenhouse gas emissions by 2030, with results indicating that ICT solutions could contribute to a reduction of about 8 gigatons of CO\({}_{2}\)e, equivalent to 12% of global GHG emissions under a high reduction potential scenario. In a medium reduction scenario, the potential was estimated at approximately 4 gigatons of CO\({}_{2}\)e or 6% of global GHG emissions in 2030. Thus, both studies assessing the effects of ICT solutions on greenhouse gas emissions indicate positive outcomes, highlighting the potential of digital transformation to contribute positively to environmental sustainability by reducing GHG emissions. A more focused study applied to Switzerland, conducted by [PERSON] and [PERSON] [26], confirmed that ICT has the potential to reduce GHG emissions in the country, particularly in the building, transportation, and energy sectors. The hypothesis that the digital transformation of enterprises promotes significant synergistic reductions in pollution and carbon emissions was recently validated by [PERSON] et al. [24] through a series of robustness tests, confirming the positive impact of digitalization on environmental performance. Additionally, a favorable impact of digital transformation on the reduction of carbon intensity in urban infrastructure was observed in China, according to a study by [PERSON] et al. [22]. The study demonstrated that digitalization, besides reducing local emissions, also contributed to the reduction of carbon emissions in neighboring cities, exhibiting a spatial spillover effect, with the limit of this effect being determined to be 600 km. Consequently, the impact of digitalization on reducing greenhouse gas emissions is considerable and positive, as evidenced by numerous studies and research. Digital transformation, through the use of smart technologies and ICT solutions, significantly contributes to the efficiency of industrial processes, the optimization of energy consumption, and the reduction of the carbon footprint. Studies show that, in addition to direct effects, digitalization also has an important indirect impact on reducing greenhouse gas emissions, by improving production processes and logistics, facilitating telework, and stimulating green innovation. Overall, digitalization emerges as an essential factor in global efforts to reduce emissions and promote environmental sustainability. Regarding the impact of digitalization on renewable energy, it is argued that digital technology triggers technological innovation in the energy industry and promotes innovative production processes throughout its entire life cycle, particularly in the renewable energy sector [30]. The results of studies conducted by [PERSON] et al. [31] and [PERSON] et al. [32] both indicated that digital transformation has increased the efficiency of renewable energy use in China. Furthermore, the latter study emphasizes that when a renewable energy enterprise adopts digital transformation, it achieves higher operational efficiency, lower costs, and better innovation success, leading to improved performance. In another study conducted in China, [PERSON] et al. [33] investigated the impact of digital finance on energy and environmental performance using panel data for the period 2011-2017. The results demonstrated that digital finance significantly contributes to improving energy and environmental performance in China, with the conclusions remaining robust even after rigorous testing. The positive effects of digital transformation on the performance of the renewable energy sector have also been identified by other researchers [34; 35; 36; 37]. [PERSON] and [PERSON] [38] analyzed the dynamic evolution process of the digital transformation of renewable energy enterprises, and the results showed that the \"digital transformation\" of renewable energy power plants and renewable energy sales companies brings benefits through cooperation and concertedly promotes the adoption of digital transformation. [PERSON] et al.