# Comprehensive Analysis of Maritime Cybersecurity Landscape Based on the NIST CSF v2.0
## 5 NIST CSF-Based Analysis of Maritime Cybersecurity
### Protect
#### 5.3.5 Technology Infrastructure Resilience  
Technology infrastructure resilience, as defined by the NIST CSF v2.0, aims to fortify the security of an organization's technology assets and networks. It emphasizes the implementation of stringent measures to safeguard against unauthorized logical access, unapproved usage, and environmental threats. These safeguards underline the balance of maintaining confidentiality, integrity, and availability of assets, in tune with the organization's risk strategy. Moreover, resilience measures are established to ensure the organization's operations can continue unimpeded even in adverse situations or events. By following these guidelines, organizations can develop a resilient technology infrastructure capable of weathering a variety of cyber threats and challenges. The need for advanced cybersecurity in ports is gaining momentum in the maritime sector. [PERSON] et al. [100] devised a simulation platform called CR CyberMar specifically designed to conduct practical and highly realistic cyberattack training for both port and ship systems. Further emphasizing cybersecurity in port operations, [PERSON] et al. [19] highlighted the substantial threats that cyberattacks present to the sustainability of global maritime supply chains. They proposed a system built around blockchain technology to counteract these threats. Adding another dimension to the discourse on ports and cybersecurity, [PERSON] et al. [101] introduced an innovative system for exchanging encrypted information through modified images. They first eliminated redundant data from the image in order to retain the core information without any visible corruption. This pruned image was subsequently used to transmit confidential information through an encryption process, thereby strengthening the cyberdefence mechanisms in maritime communications. Transitioning to emerging technologies in maritime protection, [PERSON] et al. [102] suggested an information retrieval system underpinned by cloud computing technology catering to boats and on-shore systems. [PERSON] et al. [103] proposed the integration of fog cloud computing and space information networks to enhance information network's security. [PERSON] et al. [68] introduced an open-source initiative named MaCySTe to counter cyber threats in the maritime sector. Other researchers, including [PERSON] et al. and [PERSON] et al. [86; 104], have explored the applications of blockchain and 5G technology in maintaining data security and improving quality of service in maritime systems using HyperLedger Fabric. A prototype demonstrated its effectiveness in ensuring data security and quality of service (QoS) in a nation-scale MMS, contributing to protective technologies in maritime cybersecurity. Autonomous vehicles are another potent area for exploration, with one study developing a blockchain-based system to improve security in Maritime Autonomous Surface Ships (MASS) [105]. [PERSON] et al. [106] discussed confidentiality, availability, and completeness in Autonomous Navigation technologies. Meanwhile, [PERSON] et al. [107] proposed a cryptography algorithm to safeguard intravehicular communication within Unmanned Surface Vehicles (USVs) from attacks. When it comes to cyber risk management and training, [PERSON] et al. [108] have emphasized the role of effective risk management and launched a prediction engine to support maritime cybersecurity personnel. [PERSON] et al. 's [55] study also focused on the importance of integrating risk assessment methodologies with protective technologies. From the perspective of the maritime industry, [PERSON] et al. [109] detailed the use of legacy applications and port community systems to manage processes, emphasizing the importance of enhancing data exchange integrity to mitigate risks from potential threats. They aimed to implement specifications to safeguard these software systems, particularly for a typical container ship, in a bid to minimize the risk of attacks. On the other hand, [PERSON] et al.