# Ecological and Economic Assessment of the Reuse of Steel Halls in Terms of LCA
## 3 Subject of the Research, Basic Assumptions
### Stage III (LCIA)--Life Cycle Impact Assessment
\[\mathrm{Q}^{\mathrm{I}}\)\({}_{\mathrm{k,I}}=(\Sigma\mathrm{C}^{\mathrm{I}}\)\({}_{\mathrm{si}}+\Sigma\mathrm{C}^{\mathrm{I}}\)\({}_{\mathrm{ri}}+\Sigma\mathrm{C}^{\mathrm{I}}\)\({}_{\mathrm{zi}}+\Sigma\mathrm{C}^{\mathrm{I}}\)\({}_{\mathrm{i}}+\Sigma\mathrm{R}\)\({}_{\mathrm{i}}+\Sigma\mathrm{R}\)\({}_{\mathrm{i}}+\Sigma\mathrm{T}^{\mathrm{I}}\)\({}_{\mathrm{wi}}+\Sigma\mathrm{T}^{\mathrm{I}}\)\({}_{\mathrm{mi}}+\Sigma\mathrm{M}^{\mathrm{I}}\)\({}_{\mathrm{i}}+\mathrm{EP}^{\mathrm{I}}\))/p [EURO/m\({}^{2}\)] (1)  
Construction cost in phase I of \(\mathrm{Q}^{\mathrm{I}}\)\({}_{\mathrm{k,I}}\) includes the following components:  
* \(\mathrm{Q}^{\mathrm{I}}\)\({}_{\mathrm{k,I}}\)--total cumulative energy and material cost value of the construction of the MASH steel hall for the selected static scheme \"k\" and span \"l\",
* \(\Sigma\mathrm{C}^{\mathrm{I}}\)\({}_{\mathrm{s,r,z}}=\Sigma\mathrm{C}^{\mathrm{I}}\)\({}_{\mathrm{si}}+\Sigma\mathrm{C}^{\mathrm{I}}\)\({}_{\mathrm{ri}}+\Sigma\mathrm{C}^{\mathrm{I}}\)\({}_{\mathrm{zi}}\)--cost of producing the mass of \(MK\) structure elements (mullions, transoms, welds) calculated for the normative state of loads and displacements, taking into account the unit price of the mass for the i-th mullion, transom and weld,
* \(\Sigma\mathrm{C}^{\mathrm{F}}\)\({}_{\mathrm{i}}\) (\(\mathrm{\Sigma R}\)\({}_{\mathrm{F}}\)\({}_{\mathrm{i}}\))--cost of the total mass of foundations made (\(\mathrm{R}\)\({}_{\mathrm{i}}\) total mass of foundations removed after the first assembly), CF\({}_{\mathrm{i}}\)--mass of the i-th foundation,
* \(\Sigma\mathrm{W}^{\mathrm{I}}\)--total cost of producing i-th structural elements in the workshop,
* \(\Sigma\mathrm{T}^{\mathrm{I}}\)\({}_{\mathrm{i}}\)--total cost of transporting i-th structural elements in a specific process of the construction cycle:
* \(\mathrm{T}\)\({}_{\mathrm{w}}\)--raw material transport to the workshop,
* \(\mathrm{T}\)\({}_{\mathrm{m}}\)--transport of elements for assembly with the costs of operational storage,
* \(\Sigma\mathrm{M}^{\mathrm{I}}\)--cost equivalent of the assembly of the i-th load-bearing element of the hall,
* \(\mathrm{EP}^{\mathrm{I}}\)--cost equivalent of the biologically active surface lost. The analysis adopted the equivalent of development = area with the assimilation intensity of the grass surface,
* p--built-up area.  
The summary of \(\mathrm{Q}^{\mathrm{I}}\)\({}_{\mathrm{k,I}}\) values for schemes A, B, C and D and a span of up to 48 m is presented in Figure 3.  
After cycle I of the hall construction work, the cumulative construction costs of MASH \(\mathrm{Q}^{\mathrm{I}}\) presented in Figure 3 reflect only the physical parameters of the adopted typological variants of the hall. At this stage, it is possible to conclude that the halls with rigid frames (scheme A) have the lowest economic cost-to-area ratios at the level of 400- 550 EUR/m\({}^{2}\) for spans of 12-30 m, which does not prejudge their selection, as the ecological impacts throughout their life cycle have not been taken into account.  
Cycle II--dismantling and reassembly, the second stage of MASH's work.  
At this stage of the analysis, the \(\mathrm{Q}^{\mathrm{I}}\)\({}_{\mathrm{k,I}}\) cumulative costs related to the relocation of the existing facility to another location were calculated.  
Assembly errors (manufacturing imperfections) that may occur in support nodes have been taken into account. The change in the stress state of the structure optimized in stage I was examined in terms of achieving a minimum weight. The degree of stress of the structure after the second and subsequent assembly has a significant impact on the change (possible strengthening) of the nodal elements of the hall. Improper preparation of structural welds at the stage of construction may cause imperfections of geometrical contacts [66].  
In the process of demolition, the structure is exposed to angle deformation \(\alpha\), \(\beta\), \(\gamma\) and linear u, w and v of the plates in the assembly joints (Figure 4).  
Therefore, it is necessary to test and carry out maintenance and measurement adaptation works in workshop conditions to adapt the object for reuse.  
Including the criteria listed in chapter 3, the cumulative equivalent energy and material cost \(\mathrm{Q}^{\mathrm{II}}\mathrm{{}_{k,l}}\) was determined in the second life phase of the MASH structure for the scheme \"k\" and span \"l\".  
\[\mathrm{Q}^{\mathrm{II}}\mathrm{{}_{k,l}}=(\Sigma\Delta\mathrm{C}^{\mathrm{II}} \mathrm{{}_{si}}+\Sigma\Delta\mathrm{C}^{\mathrm{II}}\mathrm{{}_{ri}}+\Sigma \Delta\mathrm{C}^{\mathrm{II}}\mathrm{{}_{ri}}+\Sigma\Delta\mathrm{C}^{ \mathrm{II}}\mathrm{{}_{i}}+\Sigma\mathrm{C}^{\mathrm{FI}}\mathrm{{}_{i}}+ \Sigma\mathrm{RF}^{\mathrm{II}}\mathrm{{}_{i}}+\Sigma\mathrm{T}^{\mathrm{II}} \mathrm{{}_{mi}}+\Sigma\mathrm{M}^{\mathrm{II}}\mathrm{{}_{i}}+\Sigma\mathrm{D }^{\mathrm{I}}\mathrm{{}_{j}}+\mathrm{E}\mathrm{PI})/\mathrm{p}\;\mathrm{[ EURO}/\mathrm{m}^{2} \tag{2}\]  
Energy cost \(\mathrm{Q}^{\mathrm{II}}\mathrm{{}_{k,l}}\) includes the following components:  
\(\mathrm{Q}^{\mathrm{II}}\mathrm{{}_{k,l}}\)--cumulative equivalent energy and material cost in the second phase of MASH structure life for the selected scheme \"k\" and span \"l\".