## 3 Methodology of Construction of Architecture of e-STMS Based on IoT and WSNs
WSN has proven itself in a variety of scenarios, from detecting human activity [120; 121] to everyday life in the environment [122], by helping to identify spaces in the system [123; 124]. The researchers suggest an advanced approach helping continuously to identify container position by using the wireless network of sensors [125]. Each container has multiple nodes that use wireless communication to discover 'neighbours' containers. Recently, the hybrid RFID-WSN method has been connecting the main aspects of both technologies, including a new platform allowing active tag placement to monitor product temperature [94]. Authors improve RFID tags with enhanced capabilities for communication [126] through the network providing a way to integrate RFID with WSN to extend typical RFID identification capabilities with localization capabilities enabled by WSN. Considering the unique indicators presented in the literature, we select RFID and WSN-based RTLS in our model as reinforcing factors for locating, tracking, and finding containers according to the cases under consideration. In the e-STMS, we use the IoT platform for object identification. The set of observed, moving intermodal transport means can be described as a set of objects _Observed Object Set = \(\{\textit{object}_{i,j,k}\}\)_ in the system's infrastructure. Going into the deeper layer of identification and authentication of the moving objects, we represent them as:  
_Object\({}_{i,j,k}\)_, with some types of indexes:  
* Index \(i\) represents the real identifier of the transport object that is observing and monitoring in the system;
* Index \(j\) represents the coordinates of the location of objects recognized by RSU;
* Index \(k\) represents the time when the object is recognized in the \(j\) location. The structure of assignation of \(\textit{Object}_{i,j,k}\) to the IoT of the objects for secure management can be designed as the multi-layered, i.e., layer for cycles of processing the object. Fog layer and procedures of object application in IoT infrastructure are considered (Figure 3). The registration of moving transport objects is related to some security components of integration layers, presented in the previous section (Table 2). The Object \(O_{i,j,k}\) identification and authentication methods for including an object in the IoT platform are realized in the Fog layer using blockchain technology functions. The identification and authentication process starts when the object initializes the data transmission process. The scanning of prompts of \(O_{i,j,k}\) is realized by Sensor \(S_{l,m,tit}\), where \(l\) is the identification of Sensor, \(m\)-is identification of the geographical location of Sensor, and \(t_{i}\) is the time moment when the Object \(O_{i,j,k}\) is scanned. Data are transmitted to the Fog layer for realizing the stage of registration object \(O_{i,j,k}\) implementing a more secure identification and authentication process. The message is transferred to Message Broker in the Fog layer, which forwards the message for processing. Open-source systems and tools have been selected for the methods which allow the development of the prototype system for transferring data to the cloud or virtualization platforms. That data streams are used for further functionality development. The experimental possibilities of these functionalities are shown in Section 7 by applying NetSim network modeling Lab equipment. The architecture is modular, supports the possibility of extensibility of functions, and allows adding new specialized servers or containers to the Fog layer. The information received during message processing from the objects is transmitted to the aggregation servers, systems, or applications to perform further operations with the received data. The representational state transfer (REST) application interface (API) server allows operations to be performed in a blockchain, so new system components can use defined API references to provide additional functionality.