quality inspection and the acceptance of tunnel engineering. In order to study the nucleation and evolution mechanism of rockbursts, comprehensive monitoring activities consisting of a digital borehole camera, a cross-hole sonic instrument, and a sliding micrometer was considered to carry out in situ measurements in two specially excavated test tunnels, marked as B and F [1]. AE monitoring was used to validate possible rockburst detection and to collectively analyze the obtained data to demonstrate its effectiveness in safety control during hard bedrock excavation [2]. Two monitoring sections of different lithology were tested using a multi-point displacement meter and wave velocity tomography technology. The results showed that when the excavation face exceeded a very small distance from the monitoring section, a large amount of deformation had already occurred in both monitoring sections [3]. Both commercial and developed corrosion sensors based on electrochemical and fiber Bragg grating techniques were adopted to evaluate the status of stress and corrosion in the Xiamen Xiang'an Subsea Tunnel [4]. A new roadway convergence monitoring system based on draw-wire displacement sensors was adopted in a gold mine in Shandong Province. These were very important for deformation monitoring of the tunnel sections. The convergence monitoring system could realize continuous monitoring with easy installation, no artificial companions, no safety loopholes, and no interference with the normal operation of tunnels and roadways [5]. [PERSON] proposed a tunnel convergence measurement system called CANG (Convergence via Angular Sensor), which could monitor the position of wire points around the work area. This measurement system recorded the angle and length of each wire at each moment, and determined the shape and convergence value of the wire [6]. In order to monitor and evaluate the stability of rock mass under tunnel boring machine (TBM) excavation, an advanced microseismic (MS) monitoring system was established [7]. In addition, existing tunnel surface displacement monitoring methods include automatic tracking total station observation technology and digital close-range photogrammetry [8; 9]. Compared with traditional sensing technology, optical fiber sensing technology provides flexible installation options. Each FBG sensor corresponds to a specific position, and multiple sensors can be connected in series for multi-point measurement [10]. This technology has the advantages of small size, light weight, long distance, good real-time performance, corrosion resistance, ease of reuse, anti-electromagnetic interference, dexterity, and good long-term stability [11; 12; 13; 14]. It is particularly suitable for use in harsh construction conditions, and is not affected by fire, explosions, or strong electromagnetic radiation. One pertinent use of optical fiber is in the monitoring of surface displacement caused by tunnel excavation [15]. An optical fiber distributed sensing method has also been used for deformation monitoring of a foundation pit [16]. Some of the other applications of this method have included the application of distributed sensing technology to the construction and operation of railway tunnels [17], monitoring the cyclic performance of concrete tunnel lining sections [18], assessing the safety of tunnel structures [19], and monitoring the corrosion of steel bars in concrete [20]. As an important part of the primary support structure and the main bearing structure, the steel arch plays a key role in preventing the collapse of tunnels and controlling the loose deformation of the surrounding rock in the tunnel considering high ground stress and weak surrounding rock. [PERSON] found that the strength and stiffness behavior of tunnel steel braces were highly dependent on the degree of constraint applied to the support vault [21]. The results showed that the prestressed steel arch structure could provide effective support, and the stress gradually decreased from one force point to the arch foot line.