## 1 Introduction
[11] simulated the single triaxial compression test on rocks containing double circular holes by PFC and found that the cracks in the compressive stress concentration area extended and experienced damaged in the direction of the maximum principal stress. Subsequently, [PERSON] et al. [12] revealed that the direction of initial tensile crack sprouting in rocks containing double circular holes is independent of the bridge angle by PFC and only affects the strength of the specimen and the damage morphology. In the study conducted by [PERSON] et al. [13], uniaxial compression tests were performed on marble specimens with varying number of holes and pore diameter. The results obtained revealed a gradual decrease in the modulus of elasticity, peak strength, and cracking stress of the specimens with an increase in the number of holes and pore diameter. [PERSON] et al. [14; 15] reported that in addition to the number of holes, the distribution characteristics of porous holes also have a significant effect on the compressive strength and damage pattern of rock, mainly depending on the angle and spacing of the rock bridge. [PERSON] et al. [16] investigated the effect of the elliptical length-short axis ratio and inclination angle on the mechanical properties of marble. This investigation was conducted through the uniaxial compression of slab marble specimens containing prefabricated elliptical holes. [PERSON] et al. [PERSON] et al. (2017) conducted uniaxial compression tests on sandstones with combined defects of prefabricated circular holes and fissures and found that the peak strength and average modulus of the specimens decreased gradually with the increase in the fissure inclination. The process of grouting reinforcement involves the repair of physical holes in the rock, the alteration of the state of stress in the rock, and the provision of new material characteristics to the rock. In the study by [PERSON] et al. [PERSON] et al. (2018), uniaxial compression tests were conducted on fractured rocks following the implementation of grouting techniques. The findings revealed a substantial enhancement in the peak strength, modulus of elasticity, and peak strain of the rocks post-grouting. Building upon these observations, [PERSON] et al. [PERSON] et al. (2019) conducted triaxial compression tests, which indicated that peak strength and strain exhibited a positive correlation with the increase in peripheral pressure. [PERSON] et al. [PERSON] et al. (2020) revealed the damage mechanism of the crack test after grouting reinforcement. The results of the study indicated that the cracks exhibited a tendency to sprout from the same location in the specimen before and after grouting. Furthermore, the damage morphology was found to be more similar to that of the intact specimen following grouting. [PERSON] et al. [PERSON] et al. (2018) found that the grouted body can transform the specimen from the typical elastic-brittle type of the original rock to the type of elastic to some range of plastic to brittle or the ideal elastic-plastic type. [PERSON] et al. [PERSON] et al. (2020) conducted uniaxial compression and acoustic emission tests on gypsum-filled marble containing holes and analyzed the crack extension law. The results of this analysis demonstrated that the presence of gypsum filler within the marble matrix was able to inhibit the development of cracks. [PERSON] et al. [PERSON] et al. (2020) conducted uniaxial compression and acoustic emission tests on rocks with elliptical holes. These tests were performed by filling the holes with cement mortar at varying ratios. The results of the study indicated that the failure mode shifted from tensile to shear damage. This shift occurred in conjunction with an enhancement in the mechanical properties of the filler. [PERSON] et al. [PERSON] et al. (2020) conducted a series of indoor and simulation tests on unfilled and fully grouted specimens. The findings of the research study demonstrated that the grouted body served to mitigate the stress concentration phenomenon. [PERSON] et al.