###### Abstract  
The spatiotemporal variability of precipitation profoundly influences terrestrial carbon fluxes, driving shifts between carbon source and sink dynamics through gross primary productivity (GPP) and ecosystem respiration (ER). As a result, the sensitivities of GPP and ER to precipitation (\(S_{\text{GPP}}\) and \(S_{\text{ER}}\)), along with their differential responses, are pivotal for understanding ecosystem reactions to precipitation changes and predicting future ecosystem functions. However, comprehensive evaluations of the spatiotemporal variability and differences in \(S_{\text{GPP}}\) and \(S_{\text{ER}}\) remain notably scarce. In this study, we utilized eddy covariance flux data to investigate the spatial patterns, temporal dynamics, and differences in \(S_{\text{GPP}}\) and \(S_{\text{ER}}\). Spatially, \(S_{\text{GPP}}\) and \(S_{\text{ER}}\) were generally strongly correlated. Among different ecosystems, the correlation between \(S_{\text{GPP}}\) and \(S_{\text{ER}}\) was lowest in mixed forest and highest in broadleaf and needleleaf forest. Within the same ecosystem, \(S_{\text{GPP}}\) and \(S_{\text{ER}}\) exhibited considerable variation but showed no significant differences. In contrast, they differed significantly across ecosystems, with pronounced variability in their magnitudes. For example, shrubland exhibited the highest values for \(S_{\text{GPP}}\), whereas needleleaf forest showed the highest values for \(S_{\text{ER}}\). Temporally, \(S_{\text{ER}}\) demonstrated more pronounced changes than \(S_{\text{GPP}}\). Different ecosystems displayed distinct trends: shrubland exhibited an upward trend for both metrics, while grassland showed a downward trend in both \(S_{\text{GPP}}\) and \(S_{\text{ER}}\). Forest, on the other hand, maintained stable \(S_{\text{GPP}}\) but displayed a downward trend in \(S_{\text{ER}}\). Additionally, \(S_{\text{GPP}}\) and \(S_{\text{ER}}\) exhibited a notable non-linear response to changes in the aridity index (AI), with both showing a rapid decline followed by stabilization. However, \(S_{\text{ER}}\) demonstrated a wider adaptive range to precipitation changes. Generally, this research enhances our understanding of the spatiotemporal variations in ecosystem carbon fluxes under changing precipitation patterns.  
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Footnote †: journal: Physics Letters B  
**2025**, 16, 153  
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Differences in the Sensitivity of Gross Primary Productivity and Ecosystem Respiration to Precipitation  
[PERSON]  
1 Hainan Booting Tropical Rainforest Ecosystem Observation and Research Station, School of Ecology,  
Hainan University, Hailox 570228, China; [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (WZ.);  
[EMAIL_ADDRESS] (W.C.); [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (K.D.); [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (M.F.);  
[EMAIL_ADDRESS] (L.W); [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (M.W.);  
[EMAIL_ADDRESS] (W.Y.); [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (H.X);  
[EMAIL_ADDRESS] (H.X.);  
[EMAIL_ADDRESS] (L.C.);  
2 School of Art and Design, Nanjing Vocational University of Industry Technology, Nanjing 210007, China  
3 Observation and Research Station of Geological Restoration for Chongqing Typical Mining Areas,  
Ministry of Natural Resources, Chongqing Institute of Geology and Mineral Resources,  
Chongqing 401120, China; [EMAIL_ADDRESS]