# Cybersecurity in the Internet of Things in Industrial Management
## 1 Introduction  
The Internet of Things (IoT) aims to integrate the digital and physical universes into a distinct system, providing major business opportunities for several sectors such as industry, tourism, and energy. It has created a new paradigm in which a network of machines and devices capable of communicating and collaborating with each other are driving new processes. However, the IoT is fragile regarding many security issues that are often highly demanding due to its complex context and a vast number of tools, which present flaws in terms of resources [1]. The IoT is a system where the Internet is linked to the physical world through sensors [2]. It can be deemed as the management of a network of devices, home appliances, and vehicles of the IoT, and is challenging due to the dynamic nature of the linkage between devices, actors, and resource constraints [3, 4] involving hardware, software, sensors, and connectivity that allows them to connect, gather, and exchange data [5]. At the core of the IoT is the \"smart factory\", which comprehends several different elements: person, process, intelligent object, and technological ecosystem [6]. The IoT embraces traditional internet connectivity to likewise traditionally non-physical devices such as cars and electric tools, to name but a few. The IoT is also strongly related to manufacturing, in order to produce high-quality products at low cost by assembling the Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT), cloud computing, and big data analytics [7], including robots [8]. The IoT has therefore become prevalent over diverse sectors, with the Internet of Battlefield Things (IoBT) or the Internet of Vehicles (IoV) [3; 9], along with its security issues, contributing to an increasing number of cyber-attacks. Consequently, there has been recent concern with cybersecurity in this domain, amid a lack of policy direction and a lack of understanding of user values related to cybersecurity in terms of the IoT, while policy has not been guided by key stakeholder values [10]. Cybersecurity is concerned with the protection of electronics, software, and data, along with the procedures by which systems are accessed. In general, security objectives comprise privacy, in terms of information not inappropriately disclosed to unauthorized devices or individuals to be modified or destroyed [11; 12]. Hence, due to the countless existing IoT-based connected devices, society is also becoming increasingly vulnerable to cyber-attacks such as denial-of-service attacks [13] by hackers and insiders, for instance, that deny direct access to devices, etc. [14; 15]. Technology is increasingly more central in our daily lives, which means that cybercrime and cybersecurity tools evolve concomitantly [16; 17], across the whole manufacturing sector [18], which needs to invest in cybersecurity countermeasures, while new technologies are emerging for IoT cybersecurity management [19]. Furthermore, cyber-attacks on smart grids, as key infrastructure components are particularly vulnerable and bear greater costs, impacts severely on the safety of citizens and governments [13]. There is a growing concern towards cybersecurity and the lack of effective countermeasures, e.g., cybersecurity professionals [20]. China, for example, is creating new cybersecurity law and strategy [21]. Furthermore, while healthcare is currently a hot topic because there is an abundance of critical data, cyber defenses are on average weak in hospitals, where patients' lives and trust are at risk [22]. As previous literature focuses on the technical features of IoT cybersecurity, there is a knowledge gap on frameworks to address the complex cybersecurity issues in the IoT. This research provides a literature review on IoT security technologies and cyber risk management in industry. The article is organized as follows. In Section 2, we put forward diverse theoretical concepts related to cybersecurity in the IoT. In Section 3, we present the methodological approach.