# UAV Application for Typhoon Damage Assessment in Construction Sites
## 2 Construction Sites and Natural Disasters
[40] proposed a PSO-based seepage safety monitoring model that simulates the sudden increase in the piezometric level induced by short-duration heavy rainfall and the possible historical extreme reservoir water level typhoon problems regarding the safe operation of hydraulic structures. Their research expounded on the function form of the typhoon on different buildings and theoretically analyzed the key to structural safety and protection. In contrast, some other researchers pay attention to the risk assessment of buildings under natural disasters. [PERSON]. [41] used the analytic hierarchy process to compare uncertainty estimates in pairs and rank risk likelihood occurrence, specifically in construction projects during construction phases. The risk assessment and management process usually include establishing the environment, identifying risks, analyzing and evaluating risks, obtaining risk warnings, and making decisions [28]. Among them, risk identification and assessment are a significant part of risk management and the primary support for decision making [42]. The purpose of disaster identification is to identify environment-related hazards in the area of risk assessment. This requires a systematic review of all to determine whether they might pose a threat to the construction. Natural forces cause natural disasters, so the risk of each hazard is checked, and some possible scenarios after the disaster. The vulnerability of the construction site to the disaster is simulated in the risk assessment process. [PERSON]. [43] created a conceptual model for natural disaster risk assessment, including disaster analysis, vulnerability assessment, and risk. Nevertheless, there was still a significant lack of studies on the combination between hazard analysis and vulnerability assessment. Ref. [44] developed an integrated web-based GIS platform for the risk identification and safe management of complex structural areas exposed to intense wind actions. Their research demonstrated the platform's applicability to construction sites that can implement wind effects on structures, infrastructures, and complex territorial systems. We should be aware of safety precautions before the occurrence of natural disasters on the construction site for safety quality inspection and risk identification. Ref. [45] developed a safety performance index assessment software tool with the incorporation of fuzzy set theory into structural equation modeling to assess the safety performance of construction sites. The traditional inspection and identification method is that the Health and Safety Coordinator (HSC) figure uses the conventional inspection equipment and professional experience to check the construction site of the project seriatim [46], which has the disadvantages of long inspection time and low efficiency. With the advent of UAVs and their peculiar advantages, different research directions have been pointed out for the construction industry, leading to many applications and innovative developments in safety inspection and risk identification on construction sites [47]. However, the safety checks before natural disasters using UAVs on construction sites are still preliminary. Ref. [48] studied the application of UAVs for the safety inspection used in the scene of disaster detection and warning of unsafe conditions in the prevention of safety accidents. They suggested future research directions about understanding how this technology can be incorporated into the construction management task and its potential impact on preventing or mitigating unsafe working conditions.