## 3 Materials and Methods
### AI-Based Optimization
The 'excel_call' function pulls structural section properties from AISC data [73] for specified column and beam sections based on section names. First, it loads the file and maps the indices to a predefined list of section names. For each section, it extracts key properties: moments of inertia (Iy, Iz), cross-sectional area (A), polar moment of inertia (J), volume (V), etc. The retrieved values are converted to SI units for consistency. The function processes multiple sets of indices in a single call, returning these properties in separate lists and optimizing for batch analysis in structural simulations. The pseudo-code for this function is also presented in Algorithm 4. ```
Input: AISC data path Output: AISC section properties (e.g. cross-sectional areas)
1. Load Excel file from specified path on Dynamo and read into dataframe;
2. for each set of section indices do
3. Select sections from dataframe based on section indices;
4. Initialize lists for extracted data (e.g., moment of inertia);
5. foreach section in selected sections do
6. if section exists in dataframe then;
7. Read section properties from dataframe;
8. Convert extracted values to required units;
9. Append converted properties to respective lists;

end
10. Append these lists to the corresponding overall lists;

end
11. Return lists of transformed section properties from an Excel file;

### Interoperability with BIM Software

One of the many benefits of using Dynamo is its seamless integration with other Autodesk tools, such as Revit and RSA. In a previous study [8], the integration between Revit has been demonstrated. Since this study does not employ RSA for FEM analyses, a script has been prepared (Figure 6) to import the optimized model directly to RSA by using API for further adjustments. With this method, the designers can perform further analysis, such as stability or structural performance, or visualize the model on RSA. After the designer decides on the final version, the model can be directly imported from RSA to Revit using import tools available on RSA. Moreover, the results section of the workflow presented in Figure 6 provides valuable insights into the optimization process. In the first watch window, the details of the optimization process are shown, including the number of generations and evaluations, constraint violations, and the best solutions found. The optimized variable indices are displayed and can be used to recreate the structural model. The second part of Figure 6 works with a \"Boolean\" input. If \"True\" is selected, the model will be directly created on RSA, and the structural analysis will be performed and saved as an RSA file to the specified directory, as demonstrated in Figure 6. The pseudo-code detailing the generation and analysis procedure for a model in the RSA is presented in Algorithm 5. ```
Input: Optimized design variables along with geometry, material, boundary, etc. Output: RSA model and FEM results
1. Check Boolean input from Dynamo;
2. if RSA option on Dynamo is True then
3. Load RSA API library and import API;
4. Initialize Robot Application;
5. Define unique node identification system;
6. Assign an ID to each unique node using rounded coordinates;
7. Create nodes and bars in RSA;
8. Define supports and their types;
9. Create and apply load cases from Dynamo inputs;
10. Define material properties from Dynamo inputs;
11. Assign sections to bars based on input indexes;
12. Run calculation engine;
13. Save the project;
14. Print \"Structure Created on RSA and Analysis have been started\";
15. else
16. Print \"Option is not selected\";
17. end if
18. Return RSA file for optimized model;
```

**Algorithm 5**Generate and Analyze Model on RSA

## 4 Experimental Case Studies and Results

This section presents experimental outcomes for various benchmark problems. These problems, detailed in the Experimental Setup section, are addressed using RBDO through the DE algorithm and GA and the proposed methodology.