## 3 Results
### Inhibition of GTase Activity  
GTase is an essential prerequisite for the formation of oral biofilms. In order to confirm the GTase-inhibiting ability of SPY, SPC, and SPS, the GTase activity was measured in three samples treated with varying concentrations of each MIC value exhibiting antibacterial activity and incubated for 24 h in the presence of 2.0% sucrose.  
It was confirmed that GTase activity was inhibited in a concentration-dependent manner in SPY, SPC, and SPS. In particular, SPY inhibited approximately 82.33% of GTase activity at a concentration of 1.25 mg/mL, SPC inhibited approximately 80.75% at 3.13 mg/mL, and SPS inhibited approximately 83.22% at 9.38 mg/mL (Figure 2).  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Indicators** & **AMX 1** & **SPY** & **SPC** & **SPS** \\ \hline _Streptococcus mutans_ KACC 16833 & 15.0 2 & 12.0 & 11.0 & 10.0 \\ _Streptococcus sanguitiis_ KACC 11301 & 15.5 & 15.0 13.0 & 11.5 \\ _Streptococcus downei_ KACC 13827 & 15.0 & 14.0 & 13.0 & 12.0 \\ _Streptococcus sordonii_ KACC 13829 & 15.0 & 15.5 & 13.0 & 12.0 \\ _Streptococcus ferrus_ KACC 13881 & 15.0 & 15.0 & 12.0 & 10.5 \\ _Streptococcus mitis_ KACC 16832 & 15.0 & 14.0 & 11.5 & 9.5 \\ _Porphromous gingivatis_ KCTC 5352 & 15.0 & 14.0 & 12.5 & 11.0 \\ _Theporena denticial_ KCTC 15104 & 15.5 & 15.5 & 12.0 & 10.5 \\ _Campylobacter gracilis_ KCTC 15224 & 15.0 & 13.0 & 11.0 & 10.5 \\ _Campylobacter rectus_ KCTC 5636 & 15.0 & 13.0 & 11.0 & 9.5 \\ _Fusobacterium nucleatum_ KCTC 2640 & 15.0 & 14.5 & 12.5 & 10.0 \\ _Parcinomonas micra_ KCTC 15021 & 15.0 & 14.5 & 11.0 & 10.5 \\ _Prevotella intermedia_ KCTC 15693 & 14.5 & 11.0 & 11.0 & 10.5 \\ _Prevotella nigrescens_ KCTC 15081 & 15.0 & 14.5 & 12.0 & 11.0 \\ _Aggregatibacter actinomycetemontinus_ KCTC 2581 & 15.5 & 12.0 & 11.0 & 10.0 \\ _Eikenella corrodenes_ KCTC 15198 & 14.5 & 12.5 & 11.0 & 10.5 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular} 1
[FOOTNOTE:1]Footnote 1: footnotetext: Amoxicillin. 2  
\end{table}
Table 1: Antibacterial activity against periodontitis-associated pathogens by disc diffusion assay.  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Indicators** & **SPY** & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**SPC**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**SPS**} \\
**S. mutans** KACC 16833 & \(\geq\)0.31 1 & 0.63 & \(\geq\)3.13 & 6.30 & \(\geq\)18.75 & 37.50 \\ _[PERSON]. [PERSON]_ KACC 11301 & \(\geq\)0.31 & 0.63 & \(\geq\)0.80 & 1.60 & \(\geq\)18.75 & 37.50 \\ _[PERSON]. [PERSON]_ KACC 13827 & \(\geq\)0.20 & 0.40 & \(\geq\)0.20 & 0.40 & \(\geq\)18.75 & 37.50 \\ _[PERSON]. [PERSON]_ KACC 13829 & \(\geq\)0.31 & 0.63 & \(\geq\)0.40 & 0.80 & \(\geq\)18.75 & 37.50 \\ _[PERSON]. [PERSON]_ KACC 13881 & \(\geq\)1.30 & 3.00 & \(\geq\)3.13 & 6.30 & \(\geq\)18.75 & 37.50 \\ _[PERSON]. [PERSON]_ KACC 16832 & \(\geq\)0.40 & 0.80 & \(\geq\)1.60 & 3.13 & \(\geq\)9.38 & 18.75 \\ _P. gingioulis_ KCTC 5352 & \(\geq\)0.20 & 0.40 & \(\geq\)0.40 & 0.80 & \(\geq\)18.75 & 37.50 \\ _T. denticola_ KCTC 15104 & \(\geq\)0.20 & 0.40 & \(\geq\)0.40 & 0.80 & \(\geq\)18.75 & 37.50 \\ _C. gracilis_ KCTC 15224 & \(\geq\)0.40 & 0.80 & \(\geq\)0.80 & 1.60 & \(\geq\)18.75 & 37.50 \\ _C. rectus_ KCTC 5636 & \(\geq\)0.40 & 0.80 & \(\geq\)0.40 & 0.80 & \(\geq\)18.75 & 37.50 \\ _F. nucleatum_ KCTC 2640 & \(\geq\)0.20 & 0.40 & \(\geq\)0.20 & 0.40 & \(\geq\)18.75 & 37.50 \\ _P. micra_ KCTC 15021 & \(\geq\)0.40 & 0.80 & 1.60 & 3.13 & \(\geq\)18.75 & 37.50 \\ _P. intermedia_ KCTC 15693 & \(\geq\)0.40 & 0.80 & \(\geq\)0.80 & 1.60 & \(\geq\)18.75 & 37.50 \\ _P. nigrescens_ KCTC 15081 & \(\geq\)0.40 & 0.80 & \(\geq\)0.80 & 1.60 & \(\geq\)18.75 & 37.50 \\ _A. actinomycetemontinus_ KCTC 2581 & \(\geq\)0.40 & 0.80 & \(\geq\)0.20 & 0.40 & \(\geq\)18.75 & 37.50 \\ _E. corrodenes_ KCTC 15198 & \(\geq\)0.20 & 0.40 & \(\geq\)0.40 & 0.80 & \(\geq\)9.38 & 18.75 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular} 1  
\end{table}
Table 2: MIC and MBC of _S._ _pubescens_ against periodontitis-associated strains.