## 6 New Approaches in the Use of Natural Raw Materials in the Treatment of Soriasis
Aloe consists of over 200 bioactive compounds, most of which are found in the gel and leaves [95; 96]. Additionally, this plant contains up to 99% water, which gives it exceptionally strong moisturizing properties [96]. Scientific studies on the application of aloe gel to the skin show that, due to its high water content and bioactive compounds, the skin remains intensely hydrated and elastic [95; 97]. At the same time, it becomes more resistant to damage, which effectively prevents the formation of wounds and ulcers [98; 99]. The first studies on the effectiveness of aloe use were published in 1996, highlighting its potential in the care and treatment of psoriatic lesions [100]. Aloe vera, aloin and emodin are responsible for reducing inflammation. The anti-inflammatory mechanism of action of aloe vera and its substances involves inhibition of pro-inflammatory cytokines, reduction in inflammatory mediators: NO, COX-2, and suppression of signaling pathways [101]. In addition, aloe vera plays a significant role in skin regeneration, positively affecting each of the phases of wound healing, which ultimately translates into the process occurring faster [102; 103]. According to a study, the application of aloe hydrogel led to a 29% reduction in the wound healing time compared to the control group, where no hydrogel was applied [102]. The acceleration of the healing process occurs through the stimulation of growth factor production, angiogenesis, fibroblast proliferation, collagen deposition, and growth factor production [104]. In 2022, authors conducted a study demonstrating the therapeutic properties of acetaminophen and glucomannan in the treatment of psoriasis. Acemannan belongs to the group of polysaccharides and has immunoregulatory properties on immune cells, while also stabilizing the pH level. In the study, the authors compared the local effects of two hydrogels: one containing aloe extract and the other containing a traditional psoriasis medication--clobetasol propionate. In the vivo experiment, a 61% reduction in the stratum corneum thickness was observed with the use of the aloe hydrogel and a 66% reduction with clobetasol propionate. The difference between them was small, indicating that the aloe-based hydrogel also exhibits significant anti- psoriatic effects [105]. In the therapy of psoriasis using aloe vera, it is also worth noting the presence of aloe polysaccharide in it, responsible for a protective effect on the skin by inhibiting the level of TNF-\(\alpha\) and the expression of IL-8 and IL-12 proteins. The mentioned cytokines play a key role in the pathogenesis of psoriasis, so the use of a substance that inhibits their expression can significantly affect the course of the disease and improve the condition of the skin [101; 106]. Current studies report that nigella sativa can be effective in the treatment of skin problems, including psoriasis. As early as 2012. [PERSON] et al. proved that Nigella sativa has anti-posriasis effects [107]. The study compared the effects of a 95% extract of Nigella sativa (NS) seeds with the effects of tazarotene gel and the results obtained in the control group. It was shown that black cumin exhibits anti-proliferative effects on keratinocytes [107]. NS supports the wound healing process by reducing the number of white blood cells, limiting tissue damage, and inhibiting bacterial spread [108]. Black cumin oil exhibits antioxidant activity by capturing superoxide molecules, which are responsible for initiating the inflammatory process in psoriasis [109]. In addition, NS extract inhibits the activity of enzymes responsible for the production of free radicals, which slow down the wound healing process [110]. The main component of black cumin: thymoquinone, exhibits anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and antimicrobial properties [111]. The role of thymoquinone (TQ) in accelerating the wound healing process is based on reducing the risk of infection in the initial stages of tissue regeneration [108].