# Multi-Layer QoE Learning System Implemented by Fiberhost
## 3 Multi-Layer QoE Metric Nature
### Iv Service Layer  
A typical Internet Protocol TeleVision (IPTV) is based on multicast transmission [28; 29]. Its main advantages are the reduction of bandwidth consumption in IP networks and the reduction of the number of servers on the head end side for streaming content. In IPTV, all that is needed to receive video content is a CAM (Conditional Access Module) module to decrypt the stream. If a TV operator wants to provide a recording service, then it usually supplies an additional device, i.e., a set-top box with a disk. However, multicast technology can be an impediment and brought some limitations when operators wanted to implement additional features such as catchup, timeshift, startover, and cloud recording. The content provided by these features is usually recorded on a storage array, and when the viewer chooses what they wants to watch, then they receive an individual video stream, which very often will not overlap with the content streamed to other viewers. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{l r r r r} \hline \hline
**Test Type** & **Bad Limit** & **Good Limit** & **Weight** & **Group** \\ \hline Video Test Success Ratio & 80\% & 100\% & 58\% & \\ Average Video-MOS & 3 & 4.5 & 16.50\% & \\
10\% Percentile Video-MOS & 2 & 4 & 16.50\% & Video \\ Average Time to 1 st Picture & 7 s & 2 s & 4.50\% & \\ Time to Fires Picture \textgreater{} 10 s Ratio & 5\% & 0\% & 4.50\% & \\ \hline Website download test success ratio & 80\% & 100\% & 66.67\% & \\ Average Website transfer Time & 15 s & 3 s & 28.57\% & WWW \\ Website transfer Time \textgreater{} 15 s & 5\% & 0\% & 4.76\% & \\ \hline Social Media Success Ratio & 80\% & 100\% & 66.67\% & \\ Average Social Media Transfer & 15 s & 3 s & 28.57\% & Social media \\ Social Media Transfer \textgreater{} 15 s & 5\% & 0\% & 4.76\% & \\ \hline Transfer Success Ratio DL & 80\% & 100\% & 11\% & \\ Download file avg speed & 1 Mbit/s & 100 Mbit/s & 14\% & \\ Download file speed 10\% percentile & 1 Mbit/s & 40 Mbit/s & 18\% & \\ Download file speed 90\% percentile & 10 Mbit/s & 240 Mbit/s & 7\% & Service \\ Transfer Success Ratio UL & 80\% & 100\% & 11\% & \\ Upload file avg speed & 0.5 Mbit/s & 50 Mbit/s & 14\% & \\ Upload file speed 10\% percentile & 0.5 Mbit/s & 30 Mbit/s & 18\% & \\ Upload file speed 90\% percentile & 5 Mbit/s & 100 Mbit/s & 7\% & \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 1: Service Probing. The answer to these limitations seems to be adaptive streaming technology based on HTTP Unicast transmission [30]. It is more complicated in terms of providing TV services, while it allows for the mentioned additional functions to be added. Set-top boxes (STBs) that handle such transmission could have their size reduced, even to the size of an USB stick. If needed, the connection between STB and ONT could be wireless, which previously was a significant limitation. Video services have a perceptual nature. Therefore, the QoE metrics that can reflect the human perception of video can be more reliable than those related to QoS. Adaptive streaming is widely used in television services to provide linear content and additional features, including video-on-demand, startover, timeshift, catchup, or cloud recording. Combined with Internet services, over-the-top (OTT) STBs can serve the interactive program guide or movie recommendations, as well as external OTT services such as Disney+, HBO Max, Netflix, and others. Modern television CPEs can act as a hybrid entertainment center. From the network operator's perspective, it is thus necessary to provide the highest possible QoE level. In adaptive streaming, the most harmful events related to the drop of QoE are rebufferings and quality switches on account of their unexpectable nature, while the initial delay is considered less destructive [31]. Therefore, the stall ratio, stall frequency, and the number of bitrate changes, along with their frequency and bitrate decrease concerning the highest possible value, can be crucial KPIs, regardless of the protocol used. Typically, video content is encoded at various bitstream speeds.