## 4 Results and Discussion
### Performance Evaluation
#### 4.2.3 \"Foreman\" Video Sequence  
Table 6 presents the experimental results of the \"Foreman\" video sequence. It can be seen that DIVCOM can achieve a PSNR improvement of between 0.0043 dB and 0.03 dB over DIS, however, in some cases, DIVCOM gives a worse PSNR than DIS. Additionally, DIVCOM also shows improvement in coding efficiency of between 1.19 kbps to 6.4 kbps over DIS. On the other hand, even though PDIVCOM can achieve a PSNR gain of up to 0.021 dB over DIS, in most cases it performs worse than DIS due to the reconstruction procedure. The coding efficiency of PDIVCOM is better than DIS by between 0.34 kbps to 4.1 kbps but PDIVCOM does not perform as well as DIVCOM. Table 7 presents the results for the Wyner-Ziv (WZ) code part for decoding the WZF of the \"Foreman\" video sequence. For DIVCOM, the average PSNR gain per WZF over DIS ranges from 0.0089 dB to 0.0627 dB while for PDIVCOM, the gain can reach up to 0.0434 dB. The results also indicate that DIVCOM achieves an average channel coding efficiency of between 174 bits to 934 bits, while for PDIVCOM, the coding efficiency ranges from 45 bits to 594 bits. However, the visual quality of both DIVCOM and PDIVCOM is worse than DIS due to the degradation of a few frames during the reconstruction process. Figure 3: Rate-distortion (RD) performance graphical evaluation of “Akiyo” test video sequence with frame rate of 15 Hz and GOP 2. Figure 4 shows the RD performance for the \"Foreman\" test sequence. The graph indicates that both DIVCOM and PDIVCOM achieve better coding efficiency at all quantization points. However, in terms of visual quality, both codecs generally performed worse than DIS, as can be seen from the PSNR values. The PSNR performance degradation of DIVCOM is up to 0.1 dB, while for PDIVCOM, the maximum loss of 0.21 dB. By evaluating the plot for DIVCOM, it is noticed that for lower to middle quantization points, the coding performance of the codec is better than DIS by between 1.19 kbps and 2.36 kbps. This coding efficiency can improve up to 6.38 kbps at higher quantization points. Similarly, PDIVCOM achieves a coding efficiency of between 0.314 kbps and 1.2168 kbps at lower and middle quantization points, and up to 4.0576 kbps at higher quantization points. Therefore, both DIVCOM and PDIVCOM outperformed DIS in terms of coding efficiency but performed worse in terms of visual quality. At low and intermediate quantization points, the bit rate saving achieved by DIVCOM ranges from 3.6 kbps to 8.7 kbps compared to Intra H.264. However, at higher quantization points, DIVCOM shows a higher bit rate ranging from 3.6 kbps to 24.5 kbps. DIVCOM achieves a PSNR of around 0.45 dB to 0.63 dB for all quantization points. The comparative evaluation of PDIVCOM and Intra H.264 shows that the PDIVCOM achieves a bit rate saving ranging from 7.9 kbps to 10.4 kbps for low to intermediate quantization points. However, at high quantization points the coding rate of PDIVCOM is higher than Intra H.264 by up to 30 kbps is noticed. The PSNR gain of PDIVCOM over Intra H.264 ranges from 0.46 dB to 0.69 dB for all quantization points. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c c} \hline \hline \multirow{2}{*}{
\begin{tabular}{c} **Video** \\ **Sequence** \\ \end{tabular} } & \multirow{2}{*}{\(\mathbf{Q_{m}}\)} & \multicolumn{3}{c}{**Average PSNR**} & \multicolumn{3}{c}{**Coding Rate**} \\  & & & **(dB)** & & & **(kbps)** & \\ \cline{3-8}  & & **DIS** & **DIVCOM** & **PDIVCOM** & **DIS** & **DIVCOM** & **PDIVCOM** \\ \hline \multirow{8}{*}{Foreman} & 1 & 29.467 & 29.4149 & 29.4215 & 182.0371 & 180.8467 & 181.7236 \\ \cline{2-8}  & 2 & 31.111 & 31.1412 & 31.0124 & 243.3101 & 241.8110 & 242.8442 \\ \cline{2-8}  & 3 & 31.8513 & 31.7571 & 31.8224 & 299.8809 & 297.5244 & 298.6641 \\ \cline{2-8}  & 4 & 33.5509 & 33.5095 & 33.4341 & 466.7505 & 460.9893 & 464.5913 \\ \cline{2-8}  & 5 & 34.2864 & 34.1826 & 34.1587 & 539.6836 & 533.3032 & 535.6260 \\ \cline{2-8}  & 6 & 36.1753 & 36.1796 & 36.1962 & 739.2827 & 733.3574 & 739.5210 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}