## 3 Results  
### Identification of the Main Volatile Components from Orange Juice  
The volatile components collected from the orange juice using the methods of HS-P, HS-SPME, and HS-I were identified via a GC-MS. A total of eleven compounds were obtained by the HS-P sampling, and nine were verified by the analytical standard, while seventeen compounds were obtained by the HS-SPME sampling, and eleven were verified by the analytical standard. Additionally, nine compounds were obtained by the HS-I sampling, and eight compounds were verified by analytical standards. The five components with a high abundance (occupying over 1% of the total peak area) were identified as D-Limonene, butanoic acid ethyl ester, \(\beta\)-myrcene, linalool, and \(\alpha\)-terpineol (Appendixes B-D). Three mixtures of the compounds mentioned were prepared according to the GC-MS results of the HS-P, HS-SPME, and HS-I. Mixtures 1 and 2 included all five chemicals in different ratios, while Mixture 3 contained only D-Limonene, butanoic acid ethyl ester, and \(\beta\)-myrcene (Figure 1) (Table 2). Identification of the Behavior-Modifying Components in the Main Volatiles from Orange Juice That Attract B. dorsalis Adults  
Using the scent trap experiments, the behavioral activity of three formulations was tested. The findings indicated that both male and female _B. dorsalis_ adults could be strongly attracted to the mixture of D-Limonene, butanoic acid ethyl ester, \(\beta\)-myrcene, linalool, and \(\alpha\)-terpineol or D-Limonene, butanoic acid ethyl ester, and \(\beta\)-myrcene, with a trapping rate of over 60%. However, following the removal of the component with the highest abundance, namely D-Limonene, the attractiveness of the three mixtures to adult _B. dorsalis_ was \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c} \hline \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**Name**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**D-Limonene**} & **Butanoic Acid Ethyl Ester** & \multirow{2}{*}{**\(\alpha\)-Terpineol**} & **Linalool** & \(\beta\)**-Myrcene** \\ \hline Mixture 1 & 82 (752.3 \(\mu\)g) & 12 (110.1 \(\mu\)g) & 8 (73.4 \(\mu\)g) & 4 (36.7 \(\mu\)g) & 3 (27.5 \(\mu\)g) \\ Mixture 1 & \multirow{2}{*}{0} & \multirow{2}{*}{12 (110.1 \(\mu\)g)} & \multirow{2}{*}{8 (73.4 \(\mu\)g)} & \multirow{2}{*}{4 (36.7 \(\mu\)g)} & \multirow{2}{*}{3 (27.5 \(\mu\)g)} \\  & & & & \\ \hline Mixture 2 & \multirow{2}{*}{53 (791.0 \(\mu\)g)} & \multirow{2}{*}{6 (89.6 \(\mu\)g)} & \multirow{2}{*}{3 (44.8 \(\mu\)g)} & \multirow{2}{*}{4 (59.7 \(\mu\)g)} & \multirow{2}{*}{1 (14.9 \(\mu\)g)} \\ Mixture 2 & \multirow{2}{*}{0} & \multirow{2}{*}{6 (89.6 \(\mu\)g)} & \multirow{2}{*}{3 (44.8 \(\mu\)g)} & \multirow{2}{*}{4 (59.7 \(\mu\)g)} & \multirow{2}{*}{1 (14.9 \(\mu\)g)} \\  & & & & \\ \hline Mixture 3 & \multirow{2}{*}{58 (950.8 \(\mu\)g)} & \multirow{2}{*}{2 (32.8 \(\mu\)g)} & \multirow{2}{*}{0} & \multirow{2}{*}{0} & \multirow{2}{*}{1 (16.4 \(\mu\)g)} \\ Mixture 3 & \multirow{2}{*}{0} & \multirow{2}{*}{2 (32.8 \(\mu\)g)} & \multirow{2}{*}{0} & \multirow{2}{*}{0} & \multirow{2}{*}{1 (16.4 \(\mu\)g)} \\  & & & & \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 2: The ratio and content of the compounds across different mixtures. Figure 1: The behavioral response and the identification of volatile compounds from the orange juice. (**A**) The attractiveness of orange juice to both male and female flies. (**B**) schematic drawing of the collection system. (**C–E**) The volatiles with high abundance were identified by gas chromatograph-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) utilizing HS-P, HS-SPME, and HS-I sampling methods. (N = 5, **_p_ < 0.01). significantly decreased (Figure 2A, _t_-tests \(p\) = 0.0012, \(p\) = 0.0012; Figure 2B, _t_-tests \(p\) = 0.0135, \(p\) = 0.0054; and Figure 2C, _t_-tests \(p\) = 0.0020, \(p\) < 0.0001). The electrophysiological responses of the identified chemicals to adult _B. dorsalis_ were detected via the EAG recording. The results indicated that all mixtures could elicit a strong electrophysiological response from the adult _B. dorsalis_, with the EAG value being over 0.4 mV.