# Tailoring the V-Model for Optics: A Methodology for Optomechatronic Systems
## 2 V-Model to Develop Optomechatronic Systems  
The V-model to develop optomechatronic systems is based on the general V-model to develop mechatronic systems. Therefore, in this section, the V-model in the version of VDI guideline 2206 is first introduced as a basis. Subsequently, requirements are derived which have to be fulfilled by an adapted V-model to develop optomechatronic systems. Based on this, the process model elaborated by [PERSON] in [9] is described. Figure 3: Challenges in the development of high-resolution lighting systems. VDI guideline 2206 describes a procedure to develop mechatronic systems [10]. In the 2021 updated version of the guideline, this area of application is extended from mechatronic to cyber-physical mechatronic systems [39; 40]. Figure 4 shows the basic procedure. Based on a consistent requirements management, the interaction between the individual domains is designed in the system design where all cross-domain interfaces are defined. The domain-specific subsystems and components are designed in the phase of domain-specific design and then assembled in the phase of system integration. Systematic verification after each integration step ensures that the functional properties meet the previously defined requirements. The guideline is applied to systems composed of mechanical and electronic components. By integrating information technology components, mechatronic and cyber-physical functions can be implemented. If optical components are used in addition to the mechanical and electronic ones, specific challenges must be addressed during development. Hence the requirements for the development process are summarized below according to [9]. * **Applicability for system developments:** Optomechatronic systems consist of components of the domains mechanics, electronics, information technology and optics. To achieve the specified functional behavior, the focus is particularly on interfaces and interactions between the domains and components of the system [41]. * **Linking process elements of micro- and macrology:** Within the phases system design, domain-specific design and system integration, the V-Model presented earlier contains three superordinate sections that allow a development project to be classified into work packages and milestones. [PERSON] [42] describes this view of a process as macrology. Furthermore, the applicability of a process depends on the definition of tangible work steps that can be assigned to the microgy. The V-Model of VDI guideline 2206 contains detailed work steps for the phases mentioned in order to provide developers with additional orientation [10]. Linking elements of macro- and micrology therefore helps in the development of complex systems and is required for the process to develop optomechatronic systems. * **Consideration of the concept-defining requirements of the optics domain:** Changes made in a late phase of system development are associated with high effort and risk. In development methodology, it is therefore recommended that requirements which have a high influence on the system concept in particular be taken into account early in the development process [43]. In the optomechatronic systems discussed in this contribution, the functions \"Illuminate\" and \"Display information\" (cf. Figure 1) are the focus of the conceptual consideration. The requirements for the optical function should therefore be analyzed particularly early in the development process and implemented in a solution concept. * **Consideration of effects on humans:** Effects on humans are a particular focus for illuminating optical systems. As part of the main function, those effects can be intended and part of the development goal, but they can also imply an unwanted  
Figure 4: Simplified illustration of the V-Model according to [10]. disturbing effect. A further requirement for the development process is therefore the explicit consideration of the interactions of the system with humans.