## 5 Conclusions  
This study has presented a methodology for the disaggregation of residential energy consumption, a key step in advancing the detailed assessment of the potential for demand flexibility. Throughout the research, it has been shown that the ability to break down energy consumption into its different components (such as heating, air conditioning, and appliances) provides a more precise and more accurate picture of consumption patterns, facilitating more efficient management of energy resources. Understanding how each device or system contributes to total consumption makes it possible to identify key areas where flexibility can be applied to improve overall energy efficiency. This methodology provides a robust framework for analyzing the impact of flexibility on demand reduction during periods of high load or at times of high variability in renewable energy supply. Although this methodology has been validated using real data from the distribution network of a Spanish municipality, it is essential to highlight that its application is not limited to this geographical area. Its flexibility and adaptability allow it to be applied to regions with varied climatic characteristics and consumption patterns. This is especially relevant in the current energy transition context, where the incorporation of renewable energy technologies is growing, and an improved capacity to manage the variability and uncertainty associated with these energy sources is required. In this sense, the methodology developed has the potential to become a key tool in planning and managing residential electricity demand in different environments and markets. A fundamental aspect that has emerged throughout the study is the importance of accurately disaggregating household energy consumption to identify sources of flexibility. In this respect, characterizing the leading energy end uses, such as heating systems, air conditioning, and household appliances, is essential for optimizing consumption according to energy availability and prices. For example, household appliances such as washing machines, dryers, and ovens can be adjusted to operate at times of lower demand, which benefits the household in terms of energy savings and contributes to the electricity grid's stability. In addition, this unbundling allows for a deeper analysis of energy flexibility in the residential sector, which can lead to improved planning of energy generation and storage capacity. While demand flexibility has traditionally been more focused on the industrial and commercial sectors, the residential sector has proven to be equally relevant due to its size and heterogeneity. In this sense, a detailed analysis of household consumption patterns could reveal new flexibilization opportunities that, until now, have been underestimated or not sufficiently exploited. This would open the door to implementing more  
Figure 16: Hot water consumption for all CTs in summer. effective strategies to balance supply and demand, especially in the increasing penetration of intermittent renewable energies such as solar and wind. Accurate disaggregation of energy consumption also improves the effectiveness of demand-side management strategies, allowing households to be more proactive in optimizing their consumption. For example, detailed analysis of consumption patterns and identification of flexible end uses enables the development of incentive programs that encourage consumer participation in demand response. Such programs could reward users for reducing their consumption during peak demand or shifting it to times of low demand. This benefits them economically and helps to balance the electricity grid and reduce greenhouse gas emissions associated with generating energy from non-renewable sources. This study has also highlighted the importance of data in the transition to a more sustainable energy system. Using accurate, real-time data is critical to improving the energy system's efficiency and enabling smarter, more resilient electricity grids.