## 4 Critical Review of AR and VR Technologies for Older Adults
### Challenges and Design Issues for Psychological Wellbeing  
Although AR and VR are designed to support an independent lifestyle for older adults, subsidiary problems, such as issues regarding setup and software updates, still make them dependent. They will be reluctant to use the system because of such inconvenience, instead of preferring to use it for the benefits they would gain. It is necessary to consider how the installation process can be simplified so that older adults can use it by themselves. It is important to develop a variety of content, but it is also crucial to offer an environment in which they can use such systems by themselves.  
Many studies on AR have focused on old adults with disability. Most previous studies on interactions among old adults have defined an elderly individual using the criterion of age or inability. Age is not a predictor for use of interactive technology. It is a fact that physical ability decreases as one becomes old. Older adults are usually overlooked when developing new systems. It is necessary to recognize the fact that older adults, too, have various preferences and needs and to understand their characteristics. Each elderly person has a different level of skills and capability. VR and AR technologies can be designed to tailor these to the individual's cognitive level and mobility issues. VR and AR can satisfy older adults' needs autonomously by recognizing and inferring their behavioral patterns and can make decisions for the users when appropriate. When this design principle is applied, it is possible to reduce fear, difficulty, and stress that they feel while they use new technology. In addition, it is possible to help them understand the properties and functions of the system and to correct the improper use caused by their incorrect understanding. For example, a VR system can customize virtual reality experiences to reconnect older adults to life. The system can collect and store the patterns of interaction for individuals, reduce their memory load, and reduce their frustration or anxiety about their confidence, effectiveness, and ability to utilize new technology. Such a system supports interaction according to individuals' different abilities in different ways.  
Providing opportunities to be creative can draw the attention of older adults. Creativity can be encouraged in various ways, providing interesting experiences with games, music, dance, performance, drawing, and art in the form of opportunities for expression and challenges. Arts and crafts and other creative projects can help alleviate boredom and keep seniors' minds busy, and may even help prevent feelings of depression. Further, arts and crafts help with hand-eye coordination, cognitive abilities, and concentration. Once users overcome the challenges presented at one stage, they can be rewarded and provided new resources that allow them to try more complex challenges with higher rewards. A system that is designed in this way can instill confidence in older adults who use it and may be able to increase the likelihood that they view technology positively. Much software for VR and AR can be designed to support creative activities for older adults.