## 3 Results and Discussion
### Growth Performance  
Next, we investigated the impact of our formulated feed (Silage and fermented feed) on growth performance of Hanwoo steers. A significant amount of dietary roughage is essential in TMR for healthy rumination [31]. Dietary intake is essential to meet maintenance and production requirements. It has been reported that the nature of feed and environmental conditions also plays a key role in the feed intake of animals. This study replaced the concentrate and rice straw with formulated feed and fed it to animals for 13 months. Animals fed with formulated feed showed higher feed intake during early fattening (16.29 \(\pm\) 0.73) as well as late fattening (17.79 \(\pm\) 0.54) periods than the animals fed with control feed (11.50 \(\pm\) 0.73 vs. 14.36 \(\pm\) 0.54 (Table 3). These data suggest that the animals had more interested in eating formulated feed than the control feed. It might be due to microbially fermented silages. It contains various organic acids, which make good smells and taste. A similar experiment with other silages was conducted in Hanwoo steers; this study's author reported that the total feed intake was higher in animals fed with mixed silage and concentrate than the concentrate with rice straw [32]. Our previous experimental data also showed Hanwoo steers fed with IRG silage had a higher feed intake average compared to concentrate with rice straw [28]. However, [PERSON] reported that animals fed silage have lower feed consumption than control diet [33] which is different from our findings. The increase in nutrient intake by the treatment group might have resulted in an enhanced metabolic balance by gain or changes in fermentation expansion. The initial body weight average of Hanwoo steers was 376.4 kg for the control group and 415.0 kg for the treatment group during the early fattening period. In the late fattening period, the average body weight for the control group was 575.8 kg, and for the treatment group was 624.4 kg. The final body weight average of formulated fed Hanwoo steers was 595.0 kg during the early fattening period and 751.6 kg during the late fattening period. As shown in Table 3, the average daily gain of Hanwoo steers fed with formulated feed was significantly higher than that of Hanwoo steers fed with control feed during both the early and late fattening periods (both \(p\) < 0.05). These results showed that the average daily gain during the early fattening period was higher than that during the late fattening period. It indicates that the animals treated with our formulated feed increased daily feed intake compared to the control fed animals; it might influence the increase in average daily gain during the experimental period. These data confirmed that the replacement of concentrate with fermented silages and feed had a significant impact on animal performance. These data are consistent with [PERSON] et al. [34], who also found that fermented feed supplementation could improve feed intake, average daily gain, and feed conservation ratio of Hanwoo steers. [PERSON] et al. [35] and [PERSON] et al. [21] also reported an increase in total feed intake and a decrease in the intake of concentrate for cattle fed with fermented silage compared to those fed with a roughage feeding system. In fact, a lower nutritional value of the feed could not help but decrease nutrient concentration and rumen wealth. Our research found that formulated feed could alter moisture content and nutrition consumption that potentially enhance body weight gain. The feed conversion ratio was significant in Hanwoo steers fed with formulated feed compared to control in the early fattening period than that of the late fattening period (\(p\) < 0.05). It demonstrated that feeds containing a large portion of grass silage can sustain growth rates, leading to a greater fat deposit. Overall study reports confirmed that the replacement of silages and fermented feed significantly improve the animal's performances than the concentrated and rice straw fed animals.