## 3 Research Methodology
### Ground Theory Approach  
In order to understand the different viewpoints, qualitative research, such as ground theory, is considered useful and not only helps to obtain people's views, opinions, practices, experiences, predictions, and behaviors, but also offers insights into how people view the world. In addition, the ground theory is used to transform qualitative data, such as transcripts and images, into a theoretical and conceptual context and is considered to be the best qualitative research method for the systematic discovery of data theory [91]. A number of researchers have also employed ground theory in safety management to investigate the significance of the findings [77; 92; 93]. Ground theory is a method of constructing theories that is \"based on data that has been collected and analyzed in a systematic manner\" [94]. The principal function of this theory is to summarize and sort primary sources according to \"coding\" in order to extract the core information or the most significant influencing variables of a situation. During the data analysis process, there are three levels or types of coding that can be used, including open coding, axial coding, and selective coding. The primary data can be conceptualized and categorized using this process.  
Open coding is the process of looking through qualitative data (such as interview transcripts) and breaking it down into smaller pieces of information in qualitative data analysis [95]. Based on the properties of the data, each item of data should be evaluated and labelled. The following measures should be done to ensure that any two pieces of data relating to the same subject are labelled with the same codes [96].  
In axial coding, it is necessary to develop the linkages and connections that exist between the various codes. It is recommended to look for causal conditions, the context behind observations, and the consequences of phenomena. Finally, the wider categories that connect the codes are determined [97]. Selective coding, on the other hand, is the process of choosing one core category that captures the substance of qualitative data. It should be a single overarching concept that represents a repeating pattern in the data analysis process [98].  
Hence, empirical data is fragmented in the ground theory approach for adding codes to these fragments and collecting fragments with common codes into categories and then  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c} \hline \hline
**Research Works** & **Contributions** & **Gap/Limitations** \\ \hline [PERSON] et al., 2013, [PERSON] et al., 2014, [PERSON] et al., 2015 & Fall hazard identification in construction safety & Need to explore more safety factors in construction safety \\ [74; 75; 76] & & There is a need to incorporate safety factors with digital tools to enhance safety performance in construction projects \\ \hline [PERSON] et al. [88] & Used questionnaire survey to identify the safety factors & Failed to clarify the mitigation measures \\ \hline [PERSON] and [PERSON] [89] & Used partial least square structural equation modeling technique to investigate the safety factors in high-rise buildings \\ \hline [PERSON] et al. [90] & Examined the causes and influences of site accidents by highlighting factors & Cannot suggest effective solutions \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}
Table 2: Summary of the rationale and research gaps.  
the theorizing based on the interactions between these categories. The method of gathering codes into categories is often referred to as thematic analysis, as it focuses on the interview themes [99]. The trend of utilizing the ground theory approach is now apparent in the construction sector [100].