# Towards Strengthening the Resilience of IoV Networks--A Trust Management Perspective
###### Abstract  
Over the past decade or so, considerable and rapid advancements in the state of the art within the promising paradigms of the Internet of Things (IoT) and Artificial Intelligence (AI) have accelerated the development of conventional Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETS) into the Internet of Vehicles (IoV), thereby bringing both connected and autonomous driving much closer to realization. IoV is a new concept in the Intelligent Traffic System (ITS) and an extended application of IoV in intelligent transportation. It enhances the existing capabilities of mobile ad hoc networks by integrating them with IoT so as to build an integrated and unified vehicle-to-vehicle network. It is worth mentioning that academic and industrial researchers are paying increasing attention to the concept of trust. Reliable trust models and accurate trust assessments are anticipated to improve the security of the IoV. This paper, therefore, focuses on the existing trustworthiness management models along with their corresponding trust parameters, as well as the corresponding trust evaluation parameters and simulation, which provide the basis for intelligent and efficient model suggestions and optimal parameter integration. In addition, this paper also puts forward some open research directions that need to be seriously solved before trust can play its due role in enhancing IoV network elasticity. vehicular ad hoc networks; internet of vehicles; intelligent traffic system; trustworthiness management models; trust evaluation; smart cities +
Footnote †: journal: Future Internet
in having a more stable and low latency communication, and accordingly, the notion of 5G-ITS has appeared in the literature. In [1], [PERSON] proposed a 5G V2X (vehicle to everything) ecosystem for the IoV. The proposed ecosystem was based on the notion of a Software-Defined Network (SDN), and it mainly used 5G to evaluate the video Internet and vehicle-to-vehicle communication in rural and urban vehicle environments. In [2], [PERSON] described the security and privacy challenges of using 5G technology in IoV and analyzed solutions to different types of attacks from a technical level. In [3], a crowdsensing system based on blockchain was proposed by [PERSON] to ensure the security and privacy of 5G IoV. A deep reinforcement learning algorithm was adopted, and the effectiveness and security of the system were verified by experiments in a computer with a 64-bit Windows 10 operating system. As an important part of the ITS, the Vehicular Ad Hoc Network (VANET) integrates the Mobile Internet and the Internet of Things (IoT), as described in Figure 1. As a special Mobile Ad Hoc Network (MANET), it has the characteristics of openness, high mobility and dynamic change in the topology structure of the network. VANETs sense the surrounding road environment through on-board sensors. With the development of information and communication technology, VANETs realize network connections between vehicles, vehicles and the roadside, vehicles and pedestrians, and vehicles and service platforms; support traffic information sharing and vehicle-vehicle cooperation; and greatly improve road traffic safety and efficiency. A simple VANET is composed of an on-board unit (OBU), a roadside unit (RSU), and a trusted authority (TA). OBU refers to the communication device integrated in the vehicle. When a vehicle passes through RSU at high speed, OBU and RSU communicate via one of the radio access technologies. According to the technical reports of the 3 rd Generation Partnership Project (3 GPP) [4], the main business categories of IoVs are:  
* _Driving Safety_--Driving safety is the most important task of the IoV and is of great significance for protecting people. It mainly includes collision warning, emergency vehicle warning, dangerous road conditions warning, and automatic driving;
* _Traffic Efficiency_--Traffic efficiency is mainly aimed at alleviating urban traffic congestion and providing green, efficient, and comfortable travel services for people.