## 2 Materials and Methods
### Specifying the Measurement Model
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c} \hline \hline
**Construct** & **Position in the Model** & **Indicator** & **Basis** \\ \hline Efficiency & Exogenous & EFICI-1—Complexity of waste & [28; 30] \\  & & EFICI-2—Variety of waste (types of plastic: PET, HDPE, & [30] \\  & & LDPE, PP, PS, PVC, or PUR\_) & [6; 30; 31] \\  & & EFICI-3—Variability of waste & [6; 30; 31] \\ \hline Effectiveness & Exogenous & EFICA-1—Market maturity & [32; 33] \\  & & EFICA-2—Value of waste & [34] \\  & & EFICA-3—Volume of processing & [26] \\ \hline Performance & Endogenous & DESEMP-1—Recycling rate & [28; 35] \\  & & DESEMP-2—Therrochemical conversion rate & [36] \\  & & DESEMP-3—Business profitability & [28; 31; 37] \\  & & DESEMP-4—Availability of plastics sorting technologies & [38; 39] \\ \hline The infrastructure of the & & & INFRA-1—Availability of selective collection in the & [8] \\  & & municipality & INFRA-2—Availability of Deposit-Return Systems (DRSs) & [40] \\ \hline Socioeconomic characteristics of & & SOCIO.1—Socioeconomic profile of the municipality & [8] \\  & the municipality & & SOCIO.2—Population density of the municipality & [41] \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 4: Constructs and indicators in the model. **Source**: Adapted from [1]. HDPE, PET, and PP was profitable in above 90% of cases, but mixed-color PET was only profitable in 35% of cases [28]. Economic factors are one of the motivating drivers of reverse logistics because of the potential for profits through recycling and the reduction of costs related to raw materials [37]. Minimizing environmental pollution and enhancing industry profits can come true due to an environmentally friendly waste management system [31]. DESEMP-4. High-tech material recovery facilities (MRFs) utilize advanced technologies, such as eddy currents, magnetic pulleys, optical sensors, and air classifiers, to quicken the separation of unsorted recyclables [38]. Tracer-based sorting (TBS) has the potential to make some sorting and recycling steps obsolete, which can support sustainability and a better circular economy for plastics [39]. INFRA-1. In Brazil, the percentage of plastic packaging waste (PPW) recovered in selective MSW collection (14.4%) was nearly double that of mixed collection (7.3%) in 2017 [8]. INFRA-2. DRSs, as implemented in Sweden, Denmark, and Norway, involve consumers paying an extra deposit because of the packaging when purchasing a drink, and they receive a refund upon returning an empty bottle. These systems have achieved remarkable success, with recycling rates between 85% and 95% of the bottles collected by them [40]. SOCIO-1. In the case of Brazil, for example, although some governments have implemented public policies to overcome the marginalization of waste pickers, there are still many people working in the informal collection sector. The socio-productive inclusion of waste pickers in management systems is fundamental, given that informal collection was 24% higher than the formal selective collection of plastics [8]. SOCIO-2. [PERSON] et al. [41] proposed an optimal MSW collection and transportation scheme that minimized the total path length. It was reduced by more than 30% due to the fact of reaching still as many inhabitants but at shorter distances.