# Mobile-AI-Based Docent System: Navigation and Localization for Visually Impaired Gallery Visitors
## 5 Conclusions  
In this paper, we presented an innovative smart docent system specifically engineered for visually impaired individuals. The system offers dual functionality: a navigation service that integrates both localization and object detection modules, and a comprehensive guide service that utilizes the localization module in conjunction with the orientation module.  
With these integrated functions, visually impaired visitors showed an accuracy ranging from 91.28% to 95% in stationary tests. The location errors that occurred during movement were effectively processed through an error correction algorithm, allowing participants to complete navigation along a preset path. Our experimental methodology established optimal parameter values for object detection based on comprehensive testing results. The system was empirically and quantitatively evaluated with seven visually impaired participants at the Wumin Art Center, followed by a qualitative assessment through structured feedback. Although the results indicated minor concerns regarding localization precision, the participants expressed general satisfaction with the system's performance and utility.  
Despite technological advancements, visually impaired individuals continue to face significant barriers to meaningful cultural participation in museum and gallery settings. We intend to collaborate with the Wumin Art Center and other cultural institutions to provide sustained access to enriching experiences for visually impaired visitors. Through these efforts toward iterative improvement and the expansion of accessibility, we aim to transition cultural engagement for visually impaired individuals from isolated experimental implementations to established and widely accessible services.  
In future research directions, we aim to overcome the technical limitations identified in this study by implementing more accurate obstacle detection algorithms and improving localization accuracy. Furthermore, we seek to establish a framework for long-term service provision and continuous enhancement of the user experience. In addition, we plan to enhance the system by integrating user-centered evaluations to further improve real-time performance and the overall user experience.  
Conceptualization, W.P., H.A., P.L. and S.P.; methodology, W.P., H.A., P.L. and S.P.; software, W.P. and H.A.; validation, W.P., H.A., P.L. and S.P.; formal analysis, W.P., H.A., P.L. and S.P.; investigation, W.P., H.A., P.L. and S.P.; resources, W.P. and H.A.; data curation, W.P. and H.A.; writing--original draft preparation, W.P. and H.A.; writing--review and editing, P.L. and S.P.; visualization, W.P., H.A., P.L. and S.P.; supervision, P.L. and S.P. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.  
This research received no external funding.  
Not applicable.  
The raw data supporting the conclusions of this article will be made available by the authors on request.  
The authors also gratefully acknowledge the Wumin Art Center for providing us with the platform necessary to conduct the experiments and tests outlined in this paper.  
The authors declare no conflicts of interest.