## 4 Discussion
However, more in-depth methods should be applied in future research, such as the study of joint citations and co-authorship and the expansion of the research area to other scientific databases. Building upon the comprehensive analysis presented in the discussion section, we further explore the implications of our findings and their significance for the field of electronic voting (EV) based on cryptographic protocols and blockchain technology. Implications of the results:  
Our systematic mapping study (SMS) revealed a substantial increase in research articles on EV, cryptographic protocols, and blockchain technology since 2003. This trend underscores the growing interest and recognition of these technologies' potential to revolutionize the electoral process. Through meticulous keyword clustering and co-occurrence analysis, we unravel the intricate web of topics within the realm of EV. The identification of key areas such as algorithms, blockchain, protocols, and electronic voting processes provides valuable insights into the multifaceted nature of research in this domain, guiding future investigations. Keywords with moderate frequency shed light on emerging trends, such as the integration of machine learning and advanced management techniques. These findings hint at the evolving landscape of EV towards more sophisticated and resilient voting systems. Significance for the field:  
Our study highlights the crucial role of cryptographic protocols and blockchain technology in fortifying the security, transparency, and efficiency of electronic voting systems. By leveraging encryption, digital signatures, and blockchain's immutable ledger, we address concerns surrounding data integrity and trust in electoral processes. The utilization of both Web of Science (WoS) and Scopus databases underscores the importance of comprehensive data analysis in discerning global research trends. This approach not only elucidates overarching patterns but also emphasizes the interconnectedness of countries engaged in EV research, fostering a collaborative environment for innovation. Furthermore, our examination of international collaboration underscores the significance of knowledge exchange and partnership among researchers worldwide. The synergy observed among leading countries in EV research reflects a collective commitment to advancing the field and fostering innovation on a global scale. Future research directions:  
While our study provides valuable insights, there are avenues for further exploration. Future research endeavors could employ advanced methodologies, such as joint citations and co-authorship analysis, to elucidate collaboration networks and research impact more comprehensively. Expanding the scope of our research to include other scientific databases can offer a more holistic understanding of global research trends and emerging areas of interest. Exploring interdisciplinary connections and integrating diverse perspectives can enrich our understanding of the multifaceted challenges and opportunities in EV. In conclusion, our study contributes significantly to the ongoing discourse on EV based on cryptographic protocols and blockchain technology. By delving into the implications of our findings and their broader significance, we aim to catalyze further research and innovation, ultimately advancing the development of secure, transparent, and efficient electronic voting systems worldwide.