## 4 System Model for BN-MAC  
We adopt an ad hoc-based network architecture that comprises sensor nodes with limited power resources and a BN with more dispensing capability and higher energy. The nodes are scattered to monitor the different events and activities. The WSN is divided into different regions, with each region controlled by a BN that coordinates within the given region and adjacent regions. Numerous economical BT node rev3 sensors are deployed over the battlefield area to provide a high level of coverage. The BT node rev3 is a self-directed prototyping platform based on a microcontroller, a Bluetooth radio, and ZigBee. The Bluetooth-enabled sensors cover short-distance communication among the troops deployed at the nearest positions, whereas ZigBee covers the long distances among troops. A small number of fixed coordinators obtain accurate positions of their troops as well as the enemy and their weapons. Each end sensor node is logically connected with a digital addressable lighting interface controller (DALIC). A DALIC consists of a controller and supports single or multiple lighting devices. The controller monitors and controls each light by using bi-directional data exchange. The DALI protocol broadcasts messages simultaneously to the address multiple devices to find their locations. The DALIC helps to monitor and locate the exact position of the enemy. To determine the exact location, the DALIC requires an active bat location (ABL) system that automatically determines the location of the objects. We also assume that all of the sensor nodes use seismic modality, and each sensor senses different events during every sampling period using a seismic frequency spectrum. We have considered multiple issues when designing region-based WSNs for a military scenario. The first consideration is that we have identified the area of the war and a possible solution. The second consideration is focused on the deployment issues of the network, such as the location of the sensor nodes determined before deployment. In this manner, the degree of coverage and connectivity is secured. The nodes are randomly scattered in the disaster area. To save energy, the nodes typically use short-range and one-hop communication rather than long-range communication. We use a one-hop destination search to schedule and deliver data. We have focused on a combined mobility and static scenario using the ns2 network simulator in the scenario depicted in Figure 1. Each static and moving object is connected with a command node. The command node is a heterogeneous node that obtains event information through homogenous nodes fixed in the field. Similarly, the command node forwards the collected information using the (homogenous) sensor nodes to the BN. In this scenario, the battlefield is dispersed into different regions. Each region covers several command nodes that gather information from the events. The message-forwarding process consists of intra- and intercommunication. Intra communication is used within the region, whereas intercommunication is used outside of the region. The mode of communication within the region is based on Anycast communication. Anycast is used to exploit the knowledge of immediate channel condition in choosing the appropriate downstream neighbor on smaller time scales. Additionally, the main notion behind MAC layer anycasting is to accomplish the objectives of network layer, while invoking short-term improvement at the MAC layer, based on the local channel settings. Anycast also provides the option of specifying multiple downstream destinations to the MAC protocol. Anycast allows for increased load balancing to minimize the work load and complexity of the network for reliable data transfer. Unlike Anycast, multicast increases latency. Thus, each node stores and forwards the packets to several nodes, resulting in increased energy consumption. This battlefield scenario requires mobility and scalability. The cross-layering support of BN-MAC successfully resolves this issue using the pheromone termite (PT) mobility model.