# The Analysis of the Applications of Crop Seed Tape Sowing Technology and Equipment: A Review
## 2 Study on Agronomic Condition of Seed Tape Planting  
Since the variety of seed types, whether the agronomic parameters (such as hill distance, sowing depth, seed numbers in one hill, etc.) of different seeds with seed tape are consistent still needs to be explored. To determine the effects of seed tape planting techniques on crop growth, researchers have been studying the agronomic parameters for seed tape sowing. [PERSON] [19] found that the optimal sowing depths for different types of seeds are various. While it is difficult for farmers who lack the experience to remember the most suitable sowing depths for various types of seeds. When using seed tape technology for sowing, seed tape would be buried in the soil. If seeds were buried too deep or too shallow, it would affect the growth of the seed root system. For this reason, [PERSON] improved the internal structure of the seed tape. A layer of soluble gum was sealed on the upper layer of the seed tape, and the inside of the gum was wrapped with seeds. To ensure that the side of the seed was facing upwards when sowing, [PERSON] marked the other side of the seed tape with a special colour. It can prevent seed damage from being buried too deep or too shallow. [PERSON] and [PERSON] [20] found that the radial growth of mycelium of _Rhizoctonia solani_ and _Pythium aphanidermatum_ was significantly reduced in media amended with polyethene oxide seed tape compared to tomato direct seeding. There was no significant difference in fresh or dry weights of seedlings, root-hypocotyl, or cotyledon fractions from tomato seed germinated in solutions containing various levels of polyethene oxide. To study the mulching of leaf and root crops with high planting density, [PERSON] et al. [21] showed the carrot seeds with seed tape and the results demonstrated the feasibility of the seed tape sowing technique.  
Seed tape technology was originally used for sowing small crops such as vegetables and flowers. Meanwhile, researchers realized that the seed tape technique could still be used to produce other crops such as corn and rice. To reveal the effect of seed tape on crop growth, [PERSON]'s [22] research revealed that there was no significant difference in the emergence percentage, emergence time and emergence rate of corn seed. [PERSON] [23] conducted the rice seed tape direct seeding test and the results showed that the yield of rice was more than the ordinary direct seeding. Since the seed tape needs to be coated with a certain amount of glue to assist positioning and to clarify the effect of seed tape with sticky rice glue as adhesive on the growth of rice seedlings, [PERSON] et al. [24] used chemical glue seed tape to carry out a comparative test with it. The results showed that under the same conditions, the seedling emergence rate and growth quality of seedlings were not significantly affected, but the sticky rice glue seed tape was more friendly to the environment. Since fertilizer, herbicide and seeds can be woven into the seed tape when making seed tape, the amount of herbicide and fertilizer used in the seed tape and their locations relative to the seed would affect the growth of seedlings [25]. Table 1 summarizes the specific results of research about the effect of seed tape sowing on different crops in different agronomic parameters conditions.  
Crop growth is affected when the roots domain environment is changed [28; 29]. The effect of seed tape souring method on crop growth index is mainly due to its influence on the crop root environment. The temperature and humidity in the root zone of crops planted with seed tape had better stability than direct seeding [30]. However, the mechanism of seed tape souring on the root zone environment is not clear.