# Bioactivity and Delivery Strategies of Phytochemical Compounds in Bone Tissue Regeneration
## 6 Conclusions  
In this review paper, recent developments in delivery systems for phytochemicals release for bone tissue regeneration were discussed. Despite the updates reviewed in this paper, more work is required to develop materials that can present controlled release kinetics and degradation, and that directly influence the rate of new bone formation. Soon, researchers, in accordance with clinicians, might be able to design and develop new delivery systems with improved characteristics that mimic bone microenvironment at the site of implantation, promoting the inflammation, angiogenesis, and osteogenesis phases of new bone formation. The interaction between a nanotechnological approach and natural-derived compounds with osteogenic, anti-oxidant, antimicrobial, and anti-inflammatory activities will open up a new era of advanced treatment and solutions to prevent and/or treat bone-related complications.  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{l l l l} \hline \hline
**Bioactive Compound** & **Device** & **Effect** & **Ref** \\ \hline - Gallic acid & & - pro-osteogenic & \\ - Tea polyphenols & Synthetic ceramic materials & - anti-inflammatory & [128; 134] \\  & & - antioxidant & \\ - Resveratrol & Scaffolds & - antioxidant & \\ - Phlorotannins & -hydrogen & - pro-differentiating & [135; 136; 137; 142] \\ - Catechins & - PLGA & - pro-osteogenic & \\  & - PCL and PLA & - wound healing & \\  & & - osteeoporotive & \\ - EGCG & Nanoparticles & - osteoblast differentiation & \\ - Catechin & - TP-CaP & - osteoblast proliferation & \\ - Pro-anthocyanidins & - Au-NPs & - cytoprotective & [147; 148; 149; 150] \\ - Curcumin & - GSE-NP & - remineralization & \\ - Naringin & - Cur–PCL & - antioxidant & \\  & & - anti & \\  & & - inflammatory & \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}
Table 2: Summary of bioactive compounds-based devices system and their effects on bone regeneration.  
**Author Contributions:** Conceptualization, A.C. and R.C.; writing--original draft preparation, A.V., F.D.C., and R.C.; writing--review and editing, A.V., F.D.C., R.C., and A.C.; visualization, A.A. and D.B.; supervision, M.B. and A.C.; funding acquisition, A.C. and M.B. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.  
This work was financially supported by the Italian Ministry of University and Research, PON 03 PE_00110_1/ptd1_000410 Titolo: Sviluppo di nanotecnologie Orientate alla Rigenerazione e Ricotstruzione tissutale, Implantologia e Sensoristica in Odonotaitria/oculistica (SORRISO) (approval date 02/01/2019); FOR Campania FESR 2014_2020 \"Tecnologie abilitanti per la sintesi ecosostenibile di nuovi materiali per la Restaurativa dentale\"--ABILTECH (approval date 29 October 2018).This work was supported also by grant from Fondazione Cariplo, \"High added-value bioactive polyphenols recovered from waste of olive oil production\" (agreement 2018-1001), \"Economia Circolare-Ricerca per un Futuro Sostenibile\" program.  
**Informed Consent Statement:** Not applicable.  
**Acknowledgments:** We would like to extend our sincere thanks to the project H2020- MSCA-RISE-Marie Sklodowska-Curie Actions (MSCA) Research and Innovation Staff Exchange (RISE) for funding this work, Project Acronym: VAHVISTUS-Project Number: 734759.  
**Conflicts of Interest:** The authors have not declared any conflict of interest.