# Image-Guided Surgical and Pharmacotherapeutic Routines as Part of Diligent Medical Treatment
## 1 Introduction  
Over the past few decades, medical procedures have moved from a direct fully invasive \"hand-eye\" pairing process to a minimal invasive (MI) process with robot-imaging pairing in a closed-loop treatment architecture. Acts related to the invasive nature mainly concern surgical interventions (Sis) and the restricted dispensing of drugs. Currently, both of these procedures can use MI image-guided (IG) robotics, which enables patient comfort and safety, and medical staff accuracy and efficiency. MI surgeries can be performed on most parts of the body, and the restricted drug delivery (RDD) that can be accomplished by implanted therapies, helps prevent the generalization of drugs throughout the body. Most imaging devices can be used in IG procedures. However, different imaging techniques are each tolerable for a specific situation. For example, those involving ionizing radiation would not be suitable for long interval exposure actions. In such a case, only the two imaging techniques exerting non-ionizing (NI) characteristics can be used; namely magnetic resonance imaging technique (MRI) and ultrasound imaging technique (USI). An Imaging device is supposed to provide high-resolution 3D picturing of target configuration and neighboring material, including treatment instruments. Robotic assistance works normally within the imaging scaffold along with the target throughout imaging, permitting cooperative tasks to monitor treatment in a closed-loop mode. This can include pursuing target motion and deformation, localizing robotized equipment, and supervising therapy release. With the ever-increasing medical use of imaging technique-robot linked procedures, this presaged a new methodology to aid treatment techniques that allow medical staff to supervise patients better and more efficiently. Positioning robotic organizations within the frame of the scanner allows for a synergy of the imaging's visual ability and the robotic assistant's manipulation skill, resulting in closed-loop processing. With respect to imaging techniques with non-ionizing behavior, both MRI and USI reflect the characteristics mentioned above regarding imaging devices. Note that both imaging techniques can work in procedures with MI, IG, and NI for either SI or RDD operations. It should be noted that the only difference in behavior between these two imaging techniques is that the USI can only operate in airless and boneless windows. Additionally, operational precautions are required for MRI, for which the scaffolding environment must be free of electromagnetic (EM) noise. Nevertheless, MRI seems to be the universal imaging tool conditional to avoiding EM noise. Robotic systems mainly contain actuation and sensing components. In the case of MRIs, the whole system is made of non-magnetic and non-conductive materials. This assumes that actuators and sensors contain negligible magnetic and conductive materials. Given that the scanner, is hyper sensitive to electromagnetic disturbances, questions on MRI-IG robots' presence in this environment are of concern. Matters that do not disturb the scanner are called MRI-compatible and those that are disruptive are labelled MRI-incompatible. The latter produce artifacts deteriorating the images. The scanner compatibility relates to its functional ability and can be controlled via functional control (FC) analysis. For MRI, FC analysis is via electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) analysis. Although SI and RDD robotic actions can behave autonomously, medical staff can supervise and modify their conducts via remote control of the procedure. In other words, the robot-imaging duo that replaced the hand-eye one is still mastered in a different way. The different issues related to IG treatments in MI and NI circumstances are widely covered in the literature, and in particular in recent research and applications in several medical fields. We have selected a few samples of each item representing different treatments.