## 3 Results  
### Microstructural Analysis  
Figure 3 shows the Spectrum EDX obtained and the new composition obtained after elaboration.  
The chemical composition of the alloys is presented in Table 1 with average values for the three tests (\(\pm\)standard deviation) that were obtained regarding the chemical composition measurements results.  
The microstructure depends to a large extent on the alloying components but also on the processing conditions (melting, casting, and heat treatment).  
Figure 4 presents the optical microstructure of the VeraBond, Kera N, VeraSoft, and the modified VeraSoft. Micrographs of the dental alloys are highlighted homogeneous dendritic structures.  
VeraSoft and the modified VeraSoft have a dendritic structure, typical of cast alloys, which are solidified after medium to high-speed cooling. For the modified Verasoft (Figure 4d,h), the influence of the addition of the silicon element is very well observed; in this, it has refined the structure and contains, along with the dendritic phase, eutectic separations that are observable in the interdendritic space.  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c c c} \hline  & Ni & Cr & Mo & Al & Be & Co & Ti & Si & Mn \\  & [Fe] & [Fe] & [Fe] & [Fe] & [Fe] & [Fe] & [Fe] & [Fe] & [Fe] \\ \hline VeraBond & 76.75 \(\pm\) 0.20 & 12.60 \(\pm\) 0.10 & 5.00 \(\pm\) 0.10 & 2.90 \(\pm\) 0.10 & 1.95 \(\pm\) 0.10 & 0.45 \(\pm\) 0.10 & 0.35 \(\pm\) 0.10 & - & \\ Kera N & 61.60 \(\pm\) 0.30 & 25.50 \(\pm\) 0.10 & 11.00 \(\pm\) 0.10 & 0.40 \(\pm\) 0.10 & & - & - & 1.50 \(\pm\) 0.10 & \\ VeraSoft & 62.80 \(\pm\) 0.10 & 14.50 \(\pm\) 0.10 & - & 1.60 \(\pm\) 0.10 & - & - & - & 1.60 \(\pm\) 0.10 & 19.50 \(\pm\) 0.10 \\ VeraSoft modified & 62.65 \(\pm\) 0.20 & 14.38 \(\pm\) 0.10 & - & 1.60 \(\pm\) 0.10 & - & - & - & 4.32 \(\pm\) 0.10 & 17.05 \(\pm\) 0.10 \\ \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}
Table 1: The chemical composition of the alloys studied.  
Figure 3: EDX spectrum for the newly obtained alloy with chemical composition obtained.  
The microstructure of dental alloys shows a homogeneous cellular structure with cellular boundaries. Similar findings were also reported by some previous reports [5; 6]. This was due to the rapid solidification and strong temperature gradients of the melt during the melting process.  
Usually, Ni-Cr alloys also contain, in smaller concentrations, Al, Co (hardening elements) and B, Si (deoxidizing elements). These alloys constitute a support for fused porcelain.  
The alloys crystallize in the face-centered cube system, and the cast alloy has a dendritic structure with large grains.  
The hardening of the alloy involves the precipitation of the subsequent phase or phases, particularly called the \(\gamma\) phase, consisting of (NiCo)\({}_{3}\)(AlTi). Carbs can form inter-dendrtically. The values of the modulus of elasticity and hardness are somewhat lower than those presented by Co-Cr.  
Solidification shrinkage is 1.5%, and the alloys are normally melted in induction furnaces and cast into phosphate forms. Due to the low-temperature range, Ni-Cr alloys offer a much more precise casting, which allows dental bridges and crowns to have minimal deviations [34; 35].