# Mobile Networks and Internet of Things Infrastructures to Characterize Smart Human Mobility
## 6 Conclusions  
The rapidly emerging concepts of mobile network are paving the way to achieve the goal in smart human mobility combining several smart devices, IoT and AI. Initially, this article explores the fundamentals of this idea and provides modern research to monitor and analyze social network topology, spatial distribution, and individual's movements in urban and remote or rural scenarios. Additionally, based on a deep understanding of correlations between these scenarios and spatio-temporal distribution results in a geographical localization, we leverage a set of human mobility data sources and metrics. Human mobility data and metrics are relevant to a wide array of applications. The results of these applications based on human mobility correlations are expected to inspire strategies to understand and predict human behavior, creating new smart applications and improve existing processes. Furthermore they should include better understandings of information spreading by individuals, improving the network of technological sources of this information like routing protocols and wireless capability. For instance, in making a better prediction of human mobility, we should not only consider the AI model but also the available mobile network that obtains the data. The network dynamics can be the key to collect human interactions with several devices. Therefore, understanding of human movement leads to new information diffusion models across wireless complex networks in the geographical space. Apart from the huge advantages of IoT, AI, and communications networks, some associated challenges (such as, security, reliability, and big data) and their proposed solutions  
Figure 8: User mobility versus data rates. were also presented in this article. Furthermore, this paper has reviewed the exceptional features of 1G to 5G cellular network technology emerging with IoT as the next-generation network for supporting the new human mobility requirements. More precisely, detailed information on the role of the 5G cellular network in the progress of IoT and human mobility is delivered. Additionally, some of the problems and solutions associated with this mobile generation were discussed in this study. Emerging technologies like LoRaWAN, Sigfox, and 3 GPP with efficient energy operations, large number of low-cost devices, wide coverage, and a comparatively narrow range of bandwidth were also discussed. These LPWAN solutions are a powerful approach to human traceability. They provide an effective framework and context for carrying out trade-offs for implementations. This paper identifies the gaps and assesses the suitability of LPWAN implementation for human mobility applications. Additionally, it emphasizes a set of solutions like EC-GSM, LTE-M and NB-IoT including developing or updating solutions of these technologies. We also discuss some of the analysis associated with the human mobility coverage of cellular networks technologies. The upcoming 5G cellular technology is expected to power brand-new applications as its key strength is in the coverage area of user mobility significant improvements in performance and scalability. The future is likely to entail hybrid network solutions with co-existence of personal area networks (PAN), local area network (LAN), wireless wide area networks (WWAN), and LPWANs. The theoretical contribution of this work brings the most recent scientific and technological bases in the area of human mobility in smart cities. The existing literature shows that various projects (using or not AI) are trying to implement the smart human mobility in cities. These projects have been developed with sophisticated communication technology, using crucial human mobility metrics for implementation in urban areas, as well as the most appropriate AI algorithms.