## 4 Discussion
The proposed BHA can act as a carrier of many antibiotics used in clinically appropriate concentrations, with the possibility of easy reapplication. The development of nanotechnology and tissue engineering creates possibilities for local application of surface-absorbed antibiotics or even inside scaffolds used for guided bone regeneration [34]. The antibacterial efficiency of microporous hydroxyapatite scaffolds impregnated with vancomycin particles has been proven in vitro for the _S. aureus_ strain. This effect has been observed up to 5 days after application. In the period of increased vancomycin release, a lower proliferate osteoblast response has been observed, which returned to typical values for clean hydroxyapatite scaffolds after the antibiotic stopped being released [35]. The capability to locally release vancomycin, rifamp, and linez solid from silica-based mesoporous material has been confirmed in laboratory conditions for a 24 h period [36]. Progress in the scope of biofunctional material synthesis with a controlled nanostructure and functionalized surface has opened new possibilities of manufacturing implantable scaffolds with required antibacterial content and their bioavailability. The use of such modified implants lowers the number of complications resulting from antibiotic use, as well as increasing their bioavailability in the expected location. The negative aspect of these strategies is mostly a lower implanted material regeneration potential and the need for a surgical procedure to apply an antibiotic. Additionally, an important downside to the use of drug-exuding scaffolds is their price and high specificity, expressed by the lack of modification possibilities of drug type and dose; furthermore, they are restricted to one-time use [37]. Treatment effectiveness of bacteriostatic materials, in the form of washings or swabs, has been assessed differently, depending on the author. In the scientific literature, we can find information indicating the effectiveness of antibacterial use in peri-implantitis treatment in the form of washings [38]. At the same time, there are reports suggesting that the same product does not improve peri-implantitis treatment when used in the form of swabs. It appears that the difficulty of repeating application in the form of washings and swabs is a major issue. Additionally, there is an inability to produce a repetitive and stable concentration of the active substance using these methods in local application to gum pockets [39]. Application of antibacterial products directly to gum pockets allows their more precise dosage and a stable release process. Currently, there exist antibiotics, as well as antibacterial products, for applicable carriers for direct gum pocket application. Studies using those products have consistently shown the statistically important effectiveness of restricting gum pocket depth and reducing bleeding during probe exams. This effect has also been obtained when the treatment was combined with professional oral hygiene procedures. Treatment can be treated as supportive and can be independently managed; however, it does not improve clinical parameters in periodontium disease and peri-implantitis [40; 41; 42; 43]. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of the active substance distribution with the use of the proposed bioactive healing abutment. The experiment has shown bacterial growth inhibition in the form of a circular sphere, which indicates an even antibiotic diffusion to the environment. The width of the sphere allows us to conclude that the achieved concentration may have a beneficial effect on clinical conditions. The in vitro tests of clindamycin and tetracycline release on selected strains (i.e., _S. aureus_ and _S. epidermidis_) described in this study demonstrate the potential use of an applicator [44] in the treatment of a difficult medical problem such as peri-implantitis. Distribution of oral drugs in the treatment of oral infections, including implant area infections, is low.