# Lignocellulosic Biomass as a Substrate for Oleaginous Microorganisms: A Review
## 7 SCO Production from Hydrolyzed Lignocellulosic Biomass
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c c c c c c c} \hline
**Microorganism** & **Strain** & **Biomass** & ** Pretreatment** & **System** & **ULH/DLH** & **S/g/L** & **X (g/L)** & **L\% (v/v/w)** & **L (g/L)** & **L (g/g)** & **Reference** \\ \hline
**Yeats** & & & & & & & & & & & & \\ \hline _Tichosporenn deantis_ & CH037 & Cornob & DA & batch & flask & DLH & 42 & 17 & 40 & 7 & 0.16 & [258] \\ _Cyproprocs carutants_ & ATCC 20599 & Wheat straw & DA & batch & ULH & 29 & 17 & 34 & 5.8 & [201] \\ _Cyprocs carutants_ & ATCC 20509 & Wheat straw & DA & batch & DLH & 21 & 16 & 27 & 4.2 & [201] \\ _Lipomars starlight_ & ATCC 21659 & Wheat straw & DA & batch & ULH & 29 & 15 & 31 & 4.6 & [201] \\ _Lipomars starlight_ & ATCC 12659 & Wheat straw & DA & batch & DLH & 21 & 13 & 29 & 3.7 & [201] \\ _Rhodepariariam torunkids_ & ATCC 10788 & Wheat straw & DA & batch & DLH & 21 & 9.9 & 25 & 2.4 & [201] \\ _Rhodepariam plattign_ & ATCC 20491 & Wheat straw & DA & batch & ULH & 29 & 14 & 25 & 3.5 & [201] \\ _Rhodepariam plattign_ & ATCC 20491 & Wheat straw & DA & batch & DLH & 21 & 12 & 21 & 2.4 & [201] \\ _Tichosporenn deantis_ & 23903 & Cornob & DA & batch & ULH & 71 & 24 & 7.5 & 0.1 & [73] \\ _Tichosporenn deantis_ & 32903 & Cornob & DA & batch & DLH & 73 & 45 & 11 & 0.16 & [73] \\ _Cryproccoccus sp._ & SMS505 & Cornob & DA & batch & flask & ULH & 40 & 13 & 60 & 7.6 & 0.13 & [259] \\ _Tichosporenn autanron_ & CHO02 & Cornob & DA & batch & flask & DLH & 46 & 22 & 36 & 7.9 & [200] \\ _Tichosporenn autanron_ & ACC 20271 & Cornob & DA & batch & flask & ULH & 49 & 38 & 32 & 12 & 0.1 & [258] \\ _Cryproccoccus carutants_ & ATCC 20569 & Cornover & DA & batch & flask & ULH & 53 & 11 & 61 & 6.9 & [202] \\ _Tichosporenn deantis_ & AS2.571 & Corn & stover & DA & batch & Bier 3L & DLH & 60 & 19 & 39 & 7.6 & 0.15 & [110] \\ _Tichosporenn deantis_ & CH037 & Cornob & DA & batch & flask & ULH & 60 & 24 & 40 & 9.8 & 0.16 & [263] \\ _Tichosporenn for  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c c c c c c c} \hline
**Microorganism** & **Strain** & **Biomass** & **Pretreatment** & **System** & **ULH/DLH** & **S/g/L** & **X (g/L)** & **L\% (ray/u)** & **L (g/L)** & **L (g/g)** & **Reference** \\ \hline
**Yeasts** & & & & & & & & & &  
The application of surfactants in ULH has a positive effect on microbial growth and lipid production [267]. Some anionic surfactants were effective at promoting the production of the oleaginous yeast _R. toruloides_, with the most significant impact achieved with the addition of 0.2% (_w/v_) sodium lignocellulosic [267]. The non-ionic surfactant polyoxyethylene sorbitan monooleate (Tween-80), added at a rate 1% (_w/v_) in the hydrolysate, has also been reported to increase cell mass production and lipid content of the marine protist _Thraustochytrium aureus_ ATCC 34304 [268]. However, Tween-80 used in _R. toruloides_ growing in hydrolysate does not have a positive effect. Surfactants apparently denature the cell wall proteins and structure, altering their permeability. However, the exact mechanism requires further investigation in oleaginous microorganisms in order to enhance their growth and lipid accumulation in hydrolyzed lignocellulosic media [267, 268]. The reduction of hydrolyzed lignocellulosic biomass toxicity can be achieved by removing inhibitory compounds using different techniques, such as chemical additives, enzymatic treatments, heating and vaporization, liquid-liquid extraction, liquid-solid extraction and microbial treatment [239]. Particularly, the detoxification through the addition of Ca(OH)\({}_{2}\) is commonly used, as a neutralization of the pretreated lignocellulosic biomass using this agent significantly reduces the concentration of 5-HMF, furfural and phenolic compounds by approximately 20-30% [118, 269]. Additionally, resin adsorption and electrodialysis or as recently reported biological detoxification by bacteria, such as _Bordetella sp._ And _Bacillus sp._, have been considered as efficient strategies to remove HMF and furfural [270, 271, 272, 273].