# Quantum Authentication Evolution: Novel Approaches for Securing Quantum Key Distribution
## 1 Introduction
In the past decade, QKD has experienced active and consistent progress in scientific research, application exploration, and industrial development, emerging as one of the most influential and practical quantum information technologies. Several national strategies in quantum science and technology have identified the QKD network as pivotal for realizing the future quantum Internet [24], harnessing its benefits for network information security assurance [25; 26]. During this period, numerous innovative QKD protocols and implementations have been continuously refined, resulting in significant breakthroughs in system performance metrics such as maximum transmission distance and secure key rate [27; 28]. Efforts have also been directed towards exploring the integrated deployment and flexible networking of QKD with Information and Communication Technology (ICT) systems and networks [29]. Furthermore, various types of QKD systems and encryption solutions have been commercialized by multiple vendors and service providers [30]. Globally, QKD network construction and demonstration application projects, primarily supported by public research and development funds, have been underway in numerous countries and regions [31]. This sustained innovation, application exploration, and commercialization endeavor underscores the significance of QKD-based Quantum Secure Communication (QSC) technology in the impending quantum era. Such advancements have garnered widespread recognition and appreciation from government, academia, and industry stakeholders. In this paper, fundamental definitions of both quantum mechanics and cryptography based on the QKD-SARG04 and BB84 protocols are explained. It extends to encompass essential concepts intrinsic to classical cryptography, strategically positioned to complement the subsequent exploration of quantum counterparts. This comprehensive foundation lays the groundwork for a holistic understanding of the interdisciplinary intersection between quantum mechanics and cryptography. The methodology employed in this study takes center stage, where the intricate details of the research approach, experimental design, and analytical frameworks can be unveiled. The culmination of applied methodologies and investigative efforts effectively manifests itself in the crucible of empirical findings, showcasing the outcomes, trends, and observations derived from the meticulous implementation of the proposed methodology. The denouement of this work unfolds, where the conclusions drawn from the study are comprehensively discussed. Beyond the retrospective analysis, this work explores the broader implications of the findings and delves into prospective avenues for future research. It serves as a reflective platform, offering a synthesis of insights gleaned from the research endeavor and paving the way for ongoing discourse and exploration within the field. In sum, this organizational framework ensures a logical progression, guiding readers through the foundational concepts, methodological intricacies,and empirical revelations, and ultimately concluding with a thoughtful reflection on the broader implications and potential trajectories for future research.