# Research on Dynamic Reserve and Energy Arbitrage of Energy Storage System
## 7 Conclusions  
This paper proposes a method by which energy arbitrage energy storage can help the N-1 contingency. The frequency regulation ESS and the energy arbitrage ESS are considered in the simulation. PSS(r)E is used to verify that the energy arbitrage ESS disconnected from charging can increase the minimum frequency when contingency occurs. In this way, the ESS can provide spinning reserve, energy arbitrage, and help N-1 contingency at the same time. This method is also not only suitable for lithium-ion batteries, but for all battery types. It can also be applied to various ESSs, such as flow batteries, pumped storage power, etc. The simulation results show that the proposed method can effectively improve the minimum contingency frequency higher than the set value. Conceptualization, T.-C.T. ; Methodology, J.-Z.J. ; Software, J.-Z.J. and P.-Y.C. ; Validation, P.-Y.C. ; Visualization, T.-C.T. ; Supervision, C.-C.K. ; Project administration, C.-C.K. ; Funding acquisition, C.-C.K. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript. The support of this research by the Ministry of Science and Technology of the Republic of China under Grant No. MOST 111-2622-8-011-006-TE1 & MOST 111-3116-F-006-006--are gratefully acknowledged. Not applicable. All data are provided in this manuscript. The authors declare no conflict of interest. The funders had no role in the design of the study; in the collection, analyses, or interpretation of data; in the writing of the manuscript, or in the decision to publish the results. [PERSON]; [PERSON] [PERSON]; [PERSON] [PERSON]; [PERSON] Power systems with high renewable energy sources: A review of inertia and frequency control strategies over time. _Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev._**2019**, _115_, 109369. [CrossRef]
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