## 2 Materials and Methods
### Technical Discussions on Related Works
#### 2.1.2 WMAC Strategies with Energy Optimization Techniques
In the same manner, [PERSON] et al. [38] established MAC models for energy-sensitive body sensor networks. Compared to other types of WSNs, body sensor networks are extremely tiny and simple components. The diffusion of energy from each node severely affects the performance of each body sensor in its health monitoring functions. This leads to improper determinations of health recordings. With this in mind, this work proposes multi-channel scheduling techniques and sleep mode supports for biosensor units. [PERSON] et al. [39] implemented a new MAC policy for WSNs using quality of service (QoS) parameters (delay, throughput, jitter, bandwidth, packet loss rate, etc.) and data priority models. According to this method, multi-priority values are computed for each data packet for each session. The multi-hop data transmission was initiated based on priority values and priority-assistive MAC principles. On the other hand, the determinations of optimal QoS quantities for each node were taken for energy-controlled data communication sessions. Both techniques are better in terms of multi-property considerations to achieve energy-efficient MAC solutions. In this concern, [PERSON] et al. [40] proposed uncertainty-aware transmission scheduling models for clustered IoT systems through TDMA and spread spectrum-based MAC techniques. In this work, cluster heads were selected based on locality information, residual energy rate and balanced workload distribution models. In another way, this scheme contributed to observing the presence of uncertainties, interference, delay, power distortion and other channel problems. The focus on multiple channel properties supports allocating TDMA slots for wireless data transmission in IoT systems. In the same vein, [PERSON] et al. [41] and [PERSON] et al. [42] illustrated the possible ways of building on-demand duty cycle establishment principles and hybrid MAC policies, respectively, for energy-controlled wireless transmission. Most of the works executed under energy-efficient MAC policies were conventional in terms of limited hardware assumptions and resource considerations for various types of WSNs. The contribution of [PERSON] et al. [43] varied from other MAC policies under the attentions of logical modelling procedures. This scheme found an idea of configuring inter-cluster and intra-cluster MAC policies with cross-layered communication principles. Notably, the establishment of inter-cluster and intra-cluster MAC solutions provides independent handling of energy wastage in the IoT environment. The establishment of energy optimization techniques for MAC policies for wireless health monitoring systems are widely required around the world. In this case, mobility management protocols, static channel policies and energy harvesting models are created for autonomous health monitoring systems [44; 45; 46]. [PERSON] et al. [47] justified the relationship between MAC layer functions and radio signaling models with regards to energy consumption. Relating to other existing MAC solutions, this work validated malicious events related to energy wastage in each sensor node. Under this scenario, this work compared S-MAC and T-MAC policies based on duty slot allocation procedures. According to the establishment of active and idle slots, T-MAC and S-MAC principles managed the radio signal propagations. Against these signal propagation models, special-type attacks are generated such as denial of ideal/sleep attack and active channel attack. These attacks mainly target channel availability and energy-saving slots (sleep mode) of WSNs. Consequently, the residual energy in each node automatically reduces to the inactive state. This scheme provided security frameworks against attacks to minimize the impact of energy wastage. At any rate, the need for lightweight security models against channel attacks are ignored in this contribution. In a similar fashion, [PERSON] et al. [48] and [PERSON] et al. [49] created theoretical MAC models and heterogeneous MAC models for WSNs, respectively.