## 2 Related Works
### Challenges and Solutions for Packet Disorder in Multipath Transmission  
Packet disorder caused by multipath transmission has attracted considerable attention in both traditional TCP/IP and ICN. [PERSON] et al. [11] conducted an in-depth analysis of this issue and summarized a range of potential solutions. Specifically, they suggested preventing disorder through optimizing traffic allocation and implementing path load balancing. Furthermore, they suggested predicting possible disorder scenarios based on factors such as path attributes and packet priority. For cases where packet disorder has already occurred, they recommended configuring sufficiently large buffers at the receiver side to correct the out-of-order packets, thereby avoiding unnecessary retransmissions. [PERSON] et al. [32] proposed a multipath scheduler named MAMS for the MPQUIC protocol. By leveraging cross-layer information exchange to detect link variations and employing a probabilistic model to estimate path throughput for intelligent packet allocation, MAMS effectively mitigates the negative impact of disorder issues on user experience. [PERSON] et al. [33] designed a reordering mechanism for the MPT-GRE multipath transmission network, in which out-of-order packets are stored in a buffer array at the receiver and reordered by sequence number. Their experiments show that ensuring effective reordering requires a sufficiently large reordering window, but they did not explore how to optimize this resource consumption issue. [PERSON] et al. [34] proposed a scheduling mechanism called DPS (Delay-Programmable Scheduling), which configures virtual link loops at the network edge to manage arriving out-of-order packets. DPS adaptively adjusts scheduling parameters based on changes in link performance and network status to reduce the rate of disorder. However, the mechanism's reliance on real-time network state changes places a heavy computational burden on edge devices, potentially introducing new performance bottlenecks. [PERSON] et al. [35] proposed DancerFly, an order-aware router architecture that integrates reordering mechanisms within routers, significantly reducing packet disorder caused by adaptive multipath routing. This solution optimizes router design, eliminating the need for large reordering buffers at the receiver. However, it requires architectural modifications to all routers in the network, increasing hardware complexity, maintenance costs, and potential compatibility issues. [PERSON] et al. [36] addressed packet disorder from multiple perspectives, first proposing a scheduling algorithm that takes into account the RTT, packet count, and delay of subflows to reduce out-of-order arrivals. They also maintained reordering queues for each subflow at the receiver to correct already occurring disorder. Although the authors proposed a basic management strategy for the reordering buffer, it was limited to allocating the minimum buffer size for each subflow based on the bandwidth-delay product (BDP), without considering more complex scenarios. Research on packet disorder caused by multipath transmission in ICN primarily focuses on optimizing data scheduling and path selection, while studies specifically addressing Reordering Buffer Management Methods remain relatively scarce. [PERSON] et al. [12] proposed the f-NDN (flow-based Named Data Networking) architecture and developed a weight-based multipath interest packet splitting algorithm, enabling flow interest packetsto be transmitted over multiple paths. This approach achieves load balancing, reduces content transmission time, and mitigates the disorder caused by packet-level path selection in traditional NDN. [PERSON] et al. [13] proposed a Fast Proactive Re-Route mechanism based on NDN (FPRR-NDN), which significantly reduces re-routing steps and link recovery time (LRT) by utilizing joint path detours within Multi-Path Sub-Graphs (MPSGs). Additionally, it effectively reorders data packets using a priority queue at the consumer end, further enhancing data delivery quality. [PERSON] et al.