## 3 Experimental Analysis
### Hysteretic Curves and Skeleton Curves  
The hysteretic curves of horizontal loading (\(F\)) and the horizontal displacement of the upper foundation beam (\(U_{1}\)) obtained from the tests are depicted in Figure 15. We can conclude that the slippage displacement and the deformational displacement jointly result in the horizontal displacement of the upper beams. More specifically, from the start of loading until the displacement limit is reached, slippage displacement prevails. During the stage of seismic resistance, the combined effects of the plastic deformation of the restrictive screws and the interaction between the stop blocks and the isolator occur. Figure 14: MG slide and restrictive rebars upon failure of wall (**a**) buckled restrictive rebars; (**b**) MG slide upon failure of wall. Figure 13: Failure process of GGBW-4: (**a**) slide isolator; (**b**) preliminary cracking; (**c**) specimen failure. The following patterns can be observed in Figure 16. (1) As the horizontal loading reaches the initiating load, the specimens overcome the friction at the isolator interface, and slippage begins. At this point, the loading-displacement curves develop within a moderate loading band, which indicates good performance in terms of seismic isolation; (2) The mortar bars embedded in GGBW-3 and GGBW-4 help control the initiating load, the effect of which can be seen in the visible peaks in the loading-displacement curves in the preliminary stages; (3) In comparison with their counterparts, GGBW-3 and GGBW-4 contain larger stop holes in the upper beams. Therefore, the hysteretic curves of both specimens show longer sections of moderate development. In other words, the slippage allowance can be adjusted by changing the stop hole diameter; (4) As the specimens reach the displacement limit, the stop holes restrain further movement of the restrictive screws. At this point, seismic resistance comes into play, and the gradients of the hysteretic curves increase by steps. As the loading continues to increase, the specimens are cracked and then damaged and destroyed. Figure 16: \(F\)-\(U_{2}\) hysteretic Curves: (**a**) GGBW-1; (**b**) GGBW-3; (**c**) GGBW-4. Figure 15: \(F\)-\(U_{1}\) hysteretic curves. (**a**) GGBW-1; (**b**) GGBW-2; (**c**) GGBW-3; (**d**) GGBW-4. Figure 15 shows the hysteretic curves of horizontal loading (\(F\)) and horizontal displacement of the loading beam (\(U_{2}\)) of GGBW-1, GGBW-3 and GGBW-4. In the test of GGBW-2, the displacement sensor on the loading beam malfunctioned; therefore, no data were collected, and the results are not presented. The horizontal displacement (\(U_{2}\)) is induced by the horizontal displacement of the upper foundation beam (\(U_{1}\)) and the deformational displacement in the lateral direction of the wall. Figure 17 shows a comparison of \(F\)-\(U_{1}\) and \(F\)-\(U_{2}\) in terms of the hysteretic curve and the skeleton curve (with the exception of specimen GGBW-2, where we fail to obtain the \(F\)-\(U_{2}\) hysteretic curve). The curves in Figures 15-17 lead to the following conclusions. (1) The hysteretic curves of \(F\)-\(U_{2}\) and \(F\)-\(U_{1}\) are essentially identical during the first two stages, i.e., the preliminary deformation stage and the isolator slippage stage. Therefore, the lateral deformational displacement is insignificant compared with the displacement of the upper foundation beam, indicating quite good isolation performance; (2) During the seismic resistance stage, the horizontal displacement in the F-U\({}_{2}\) hysteretic curve largely exceeds the horizontal displacement of its counterparts, due mainly to the lateral deformational displacement of the wall. During the next stage, the slippage skeleton curves of the upper beams steepen, indicating the excellent performance of the stop blocks. In this process, the displacement of the loading beam exceeds the displacement of the upper beam, and the walls are damaged. Therefore, due to the reinforced structural columns concealed at both ends, the walls deliver good seismic resistance performance.