# Visual Perception of Peripheral Screen Elements: The Impact of Text and Background Colors
## 3 Results and Discussion
### The Relationship Between the Directions of Movement and the Active Duration of the Stimulus
The Ratio of the Average Active Stimulus Duration for All Combinations of Text and Background Color Across Different Screen Positions  
The upper parts of web pages are much more noticeable than the lower ones [37], as users often scan pages in an F-shaped pattern, in the Western pattern of reading. This means they first read the top part from left to right, move downward, and then read from left to right again but over a shorter distance. Finally, they quickly scan the remaining content on the left side of the screen [38]. This scanning pattern indicates that the upper and left parts of the screen are more noticeable than the bottom and right parts. To verify these findings, the following table presents the reaction times of participants to stimuli in different screen parts. The screen is divided into four sections: upper, bottom, left, and right. Stimuli appear randomly in all four sections. This analysis aims to examine how the appearance of identical stimuli in different screen parts affects the average active duration of the stimulus. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Direction of Movement** & **Top Left–Top Right (TL/TR)** & \begin{tabular}{c} **Bottom** \\ **Left–Bottom Right (BL/BR)** \\ **Right (TL/BL)** \\ \end{tabular} & \
\begin{tabular}{c} **Top** \\ **Left–Bottom** \\ **Left (TL/BL)** \\ \end{tabular} &
\begin{tabular}{c} **Top** \\ **Right–Bottom** \\ **Right (TR/BR)** \\ \end{tabular} \\ \hline Active & & & & \\ Duration of the Stimulus & 1.79 s & 1.76 s & 1.17 s & 1.18 s \\ \hline
**Direction of Movement** & **Top Right–Top Left (TR/TL)** & \begin{tabular}{c} **Bottom** \\ **Right–Bottom Left (BR/BL)** \\ \end{tabular} & \
\begin{tabular}{c} **Bottom** \\ **Left–Top Left (BL/TL)** \\ \end{tabular} &
\begin{tabular}{c} **Bottom** \\ **Right-Top Right (BR/TR)** \\ \end{tabular} \\ \hline Active & & & & \\ Duration of the Stimulus & 1.94 s & 1.94 s & 1.30 s & 1.25 s \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 8: Average active duration of the stimulus in all movement directions during testing. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{l c c c c} \hline \hline
**Stimulus Movement Directions** & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Levene’s Test**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{\(t\)**-Test**} \\ \cline{2-5}  & \(F\) & \(p\) & \(t\) & \(p\) \\ \hline Top left–top right (TL/TR) and bottom left–bottom right (BL/BR) & 4.980 & 0.027 & 0.325 & 0.746 \\ \hline Top right–top left (TR/TL) and bottom right–bottom left (BR/BL) & 0.029 & 0.863 & \(-\)0.035 & 0.972 \\ \hline Top left–bottom left (TL/BL) and top right–bottom right (TR/BR) & 0.000 & 0.980 & \(-\)0.224 & 0.822 \\ \hline Bottom left–top left (BL/TL) and bottom right–top right (BR/TR) & 0.703 & 0.404 & 0.985 & 0.326 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 9: Results of Levene’s test and \(t\)-test relating to the active duration of the stimulus with respect to stimulus movement on opposite sides of the screen but in the same direction of movement. Table 10 displays the average active stimulus duration values for all combinations of text color and background color across all screen parts. The best values for each screen part are highlighted. It is clear that the average active duration of stimuli varies for the same text and background color combinations on the upper and bottom parts of the screen. For example, on the upper part, the stimulus with a red background and black text is noticed the fastest, while on the bottom part, the stimulus with a black background and white text is noticed first. When comparing the left and right parts of the screen, it is clear that stimuli with a blue background and white text are noticed the quickest on both sides, with the right side being faster than the left. The same holds true for the stimulus with a red background and white text, which is noticed sooner on the right side than on the left side of the screen.