# Supporting Children's Independent Activities in Smart and Playable Public Places
## 4 Results  
The application of the Tool to the case study, as illustrated in Table 4, reveals that the meaningful usefulness of the selected places is marginal for Collegio Square (IUIS equal to 0.28), San Francesco Square (IUIS = 0.27), and Salvaterra Castle (IUIS = 0.06) and modest for the remaining spaces, with values of IUIS ranging from 0.35 for Cagliari Street to 0.43 for Quintino Sella Square. (Figure 6). In particular, the modest levels of meaningful usefulness are influenced by the limited availability, quantity, and diversity of functional affordances incorporated in the built environment. In fact, with regard to the index of functional affordances, as illustrated in Figure 7, the usefulness of the public spaces is assessed as fair for Q. Sella Square (I\({}_{\text{f}}\) equal to 0.68), adequate for Salvaterra Castle (I\({}_{\text{f}}\) equal to 0.62), poor for Municipio Square and San Francesco Square (I\({}_{\text{f}}\) equal, respectively, to 0.23 and to 0.32), and null for the remaining places (I\({}_{\text{f}}\) ranging from 0.03 for Collegio Square to 0.09 for Via Cagliari). A different situation is observed regarding emotional and social affordances. In particular, the values calculated for the index of emotional affordances range from 0.57 for Salvaterra Castle to 0.96 for Via G. Matteotti, thus denoting levels of usefulness, in terms of opportunities for meaningful emotional experiences, ranging from adequate to optimal (Table 4) (Figure 8). In particular, conditions determining the perceived safety of public spaces were assessed as optimal for Q. Sella Square, La Marmora Square, and G. Matteotti Street; as good for Municipio Square, Collegio Square, Pichi Square, and Cagliari Street; as fair for San Francesco Square; and as poor for Salvaterra Castle. Likewise, the selected public spaces incorporate opportunities for social interactions to a great extent in the cases of Collegio Square, La Marmora Square, Pichi Square, and Municipio Square (I\({}_{\text{s}}\) equal, respectively, to 0.85, 0.85, 0.85 and 0.8). Adequate levels of usefulness, in terms of social affordances, were also observed in Q. Sella Square, G. Matteotti Street, and Cagliari Street (I\({}_{\text{s}}\) equal to 0.75). On the other hand, a scarcity of opportunities for significant social interactions was observed in San Francesco Square (0.45) and in proximity of Salvaterra Castle (I\({}_{\text{s}}\) = 0.10) (see in detail in Table 4 and Figure 9). \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c c c c} \hline \hline Ind. appropriation of open grounds & 3.00 & 0.67 & 1.67 & 2.00 & 0.67 & 1.33 & 3.00 & 2.00 & 1.33 \\ Ind. appr. of repaired spaces & 4.00 & 0.00 & 0.00 & 2.00 & 2.00 & 0.00 & 2.00 & 2.00 & 2.00 \\ Index of Functional affordances I\({}_{\text{f}}\) & 0.68 & 0.03 & 0.05 & 0.09 & 0.06 & 0.04 & 0.23 & 0.32 & 0.62 \\ Ind. Eyes on the POS & 3.60 & 3.20 & 3.50 & 3.10 & 3.40 & 3.00 & 3.30 & 2.90 & 1.00 \\ Cleanliness of surfaces, & 4.00 & 2.00 & 4.00 & 4.00 & 4.00 & 4.00 & 4.00 & 4.00 & 0.00 \\ Index of Emotional affordances I\({}_{\text{e}}\) & 0.85 & 0.77 & 0.96 & 0.92 & 0.90 & 0.92 & 0.92 & 0.85 & 0.57 \\ Normalized angular choice, R400 & 3.00 & 4.00 & 3.00 & 3.00 & 4.00 & 4.00 & 3.00 & 3.00 & 1.00 \\ Presence of anchor places & 2.00 & 3.00 & 2.00 & 2.00 & 3.00 & 3.00 & 3.00 & 4.00 & 0.00 \\ index of Social affordances I\({}_{\text{s}}\) & 0.75 & 0.85 & 0.75 & 0.75 & 0.85 & 0.85 & 0.80 & 0.45 & 0.10 \\ Angular Integration R400 & 3.00 & 4.00 & 4.00 & 3.00 & 4.00 & 4.00 & 3.00 & 3.00 & 0.00 \\ Barrier effect & 2.13 & 3.00 & 4.00 & 3.75 & 4.00 & 4.00 & 4.00 & 3.25 & 2. Figure 6: Distribution of values of the IUIS Index across the meaningful places within the historic district of the City of Iglesias, Sardinia, Italy. Figure 7: Distribution of values of the If Index across the meaningful places within the historic district of the City of Iglesias, Sardinia, Italy. Figure 8: Distribution of values of the Ie Index across the meaningful places within the historic district of the City of Iglesias, Sardinia, Italy.