# MTRSRP: Joint Design of Multi-Triangular Ring and Self-Routing Protocol for BLE Networks
## 3 Motivation  
Traditional Bluetooth piconet structures typically include star, bus, ring, and mesh configurations, with the ring-based configuration demonstrating superior throughput performance, especially under high-traffic loads, compared with the star or bus configurations. Therefore, a ring-based configuration is preferable considering data transmission performance. Each ring subnet can also be interconnected via bridges to construct a large-scale multi-ring scatter network suitable for various applications. This study addresses the issue of topology construction in smart home network applications. Portable devices, smart meters, household appliances, and plugged-in electronic devices can autonomously form networks using BLE technology. Upon activation, each \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Refs.** & **Main Idea** & **Techniques** & **Strengths** & **Limitations** \\ \hline \multirow{6}{*}{[11]} & A layer-based & \multirow{4}{*}{Layer-based} & Enhance & \multirow{2}{*}{Complex implementation} \\  & formation and & formation, & multihop & & \\  & algorithm for & self-routing for & networks & & \\  & multihop & multihop & through joint & & \\  & Bluetooth & networks & formation and & & \\  & networks & & routing & & \\ \hline \multirow{6}{*}{[12]} & A topology & \multirow{2}{*}{\begin{tabular}{c} Topology \\ configuration, \\ and routing \\ protocol for BLE \\ networks \\ \end{tabular} } & \multirow{2}{*}{\begin{tabular}{c} Topology \\ configuration, \\ multihop \\ on-demand \\ routing \\ protocols \\ \end{tabular} } & Provide efficient & Limited \\  & & multihop & topology setup & & \\  & on-demand & and routing in & & \\  & routing & BLE networks & & \\ \hline \multirow{6}{*}{[13]} & A standard & Standard & \multirow{2}{*}{\begin{tabular}{c} Offer \\ comprehensive \\ insights into \\ BLEmesh \\ networks \\ \end{tabular} } & \multirow{2}{*}{\begin{tabular}{c} Limited to \\ standards \\ \end{tabular} } \\  & & & & \\  & & & & \\  & & & & \\ \hline \multirow{6}{*}{[20]} & Opportunistic & \multirow{2}{*}{\begin{tabular}{c} relay selection, \\ adaptive power \\ levels \\ \end{tabular} } & \multirow{2}{*}{\begin{tabular}{c} Energy-aware; \\ adaptable to \\ unstructured \\ transmission \\ power control \\ \end{tabular} } & \multirow{2}{*}{\begin{tabular}{c} Routing paths \\ are non- \\ deterministic; \\ may suffer from \\ higher delay and \\ routing \\ redundancy \\ \end{tabular} } \\ \hline \multirow{6}{*}{[22]} & Hierarchical & Clustering, & Scalable to & Relies on \\  & routing with & layered & moderate-sized & synchronized \\  & distributed & backbone & networks; & control phases; \\  & topology control & formation, & reduces route & potential \\  & for BLE & semi-centralized & discovery & bottlenecks at \\  & scatternets & coordination & overhead & cluster heads \\ \hline \multirow{6}{*}{\begin{tabular}{c} MTRSRP \\ \end{tabular} } & A & \multirow{2}{*}{\begin{tabular}{c} Decentralized \\ ring topology \\ and a \\ self-routing \\ protocol with \\ dual-paths in \\ BLE networks \\ \end{tabular} } & \multirow{2}{*}{\
\begin{tabular}{c} Optimizes \\ multi-triangular \\ ring topology \\ and a \\ formation, \\ self-routing \\ \end{tabular} } & \multirow{2}{*}{
\begin{tabular}{c} Assumes static \\ topology; \\ number of rings \\ and the shortest \\ path for packet \\ transmission in \\ BLE networks \\ \end{tabular} } \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 1: Summary of the main related works, including the proposed MTRSRP. device is operated by a user and anticipates receiving a \"network connection\" message while also being capable of exchanging collected information with other devices. By implementing efficient topology construction protocols, an application can achieve advanced levels of connectivity within the home network. To satisfy the constraints of forming a scatternet, ideal protocol characteristics should facilitate the construction of topological structures under various specific application standards.