# IoT Sensor Challenges for Geothermal Energy Installations Monitoring: A Survey
## 3 IoT Devices and Cloud Processing
### IoT in Geothermal Applications  
IoT is chosen over telemetry in geothermal installations due to its ability to provide continuous monitoring and real-time data collection of temperature, pressure, and other mechanical parameters. IoT devices are equipped with sensors that can collect data from various points in the geothermal installation, providing a more comprehensive view of the system's performance. Additionally, IoT devices can transmit data wirelessly, eliminating the need for wired connections and reducing installation and maintenance costs [111]. Comparison of Telemetry Systems and IoT Device is sumarized in Table 9.  
Compared to telemetry, IoT has several advantages in terms of temperature, pressure, or mechanical parameter measurement. Firstly, IoT devices can collect data from multiple sensors simultaneously, providing a more comprehensive view of the system's performance [112]. Secondly, IoT devices can transmit data wirelessly, eliminating the need for wired connections and reducing installation and maintenance costs [113]. Thirdly, IoT devices can be programmed to send alerts when certain parameters exceed predefined thresholds, allowing for early detection of potential issues and timely intervention. The lack or improper use of telemetry in geothermal installations can lead to several problems. Firstly, telemetry systems can be expensive to install and maintain, especially in remote locations. Secondly, telemetry systems can be prone to signal interference and data loss, leading to inaccurate or incomplete data. Thirdly, telemetry systems can be difficult to integrate with other monitoring systems, leading to data silos and reduced visibility of the system's performance [114]. In contrast, IoT devices are relatively inexpensive and easy to install and maintain. Additionally, IoT devices can be integrated with other monitoring systems, providing a more comprehensive view of the system's performance [115]. Finally, IoT devices can be programmed to send alerts when certain parameters exceed predefined thresholds, allowing for early detection of potential issues and timely intervention. In summary, IoT is chosen over telemetry in geothermal installations due to its ability to provide continuous monitoring and real-time data collection of temperature, pressure, and other mechanical parameters. IoT devices are equipped with sensors that can collect data from various points in the geothermal installation, providing a more comprehensive view of the system's performance. Additionally, IoT devices can transmit data wirelessly, \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{p{113.8 pt} p{113.8 pt} p{113.8 pt}} \hline \hline
**Factors** & **Telemetry Systems** & **IoT Devices** \\ \hline \hline \multirow{2}{*}{
\begin{tabular}{l} Ease of Installation and \\ Maintenance \\ \end{tabular} } & Complex, requiring specialized equipment and expertise, & Relatively easy, designed for plug-and-play operation \\  & Expensive, especially in remote locations & Relatively inexpensive, deployable in large numbers \\  & Limited data on a few parameters & Comprehensive data from multiple sensors \\  & High transfer rate for real-time data transmission & Wireless data transmission, reduced transfer rate \\  & & requirements \\ Environmental Conditions & Designed to withstand harsh conditions & Impact from temperature, humidity, and corrosion \\  & Longer range, suitable for monitoring large areas or remote locations & Limited range \\  & Difficult, especially in remote locations & Easily replaced, plug-and-play operation \\ Device Replacement & locations & \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 9: Comparison of Telemetry Systems and IoT Devices. eliminating the need for wired connections and reducing installation and maintenance costs. The lack or improper use of telemetry in geothermal installations can lead to several problems, including high costs, signal interference, and data silos [116].