# Blockchain Applications in the Military Domain:
## 4 Results
The technical implementation embeds pragmatic analytics due to inherent blockchain advantages and has effectively kept all records intact while minimizing human intervention. The proposed blockchain integrated with SDNs for IoT  
Figure 4: Heatmap of studies (n = 43) that focus across methodologies and application domains: Darker shades indicate higher study concentration. networks in military applications has shown remarkable innovation in energy-efficient architecture. The research presents an implementation incorporating cluster structures with innovative routing protocols to achieve superior performance metrics on throughput, delay, and energy consumption compared to traditional approaches [56]. The technical architecture implements public and private blockchains to enable peer-to-peer communication between IoT devices and SDN controllers; traditional proof of work consensus mechanisms are avoided, while efficient authentication methods are implemented with distributed trust designed explicitly for resource-constrained military IoT devices. The Block-USB system represents significant advances in the applications of battlefield UAVs. This technical architecture represents a combination of blockchain with machine learning technologies to secure UAV-based military operations and data dissemination in 6G networks [63]. This implementation uses the interplanetary file system (IPFS) for off-chain storage, which shows good results in improving blockchain storage capability with security. It demonstrates superior performance evaluations with high results in classification accuracy, communication latency, and data scalability compared to conventional systems. Implementing cross-domain authentication protocols reveals sophisticated approaches through Chebyshev's chaotic map as a cryptographic system [85]. This implementation reduces storage and computational overhead by storing only drone public keys on the blockchain while maintaining compliance with the Canetti and Krawczyk adversary model. The technical approach effectively ensures anonymity and unlinkability in military drone operations while meeting stringent security requirements. Advanced implementations in UAV swarm management show innovation through integrating physical unclonable function (PUF) technology [88]. The technical architecture implements an advanced registration phase where drones exchange symmetric keys by PUF-based authentication, storing values in a private blockchain exclusively accessed  
Figure 5: Graph representation of blockchain applications in military domains. by base stations. This implementation proves to be effective in maintaining security with optimized resource utilization through LoRa technology integration. Implementing blockchain-based remote mutual authentication (B-RMA) systems for AI-empowered IoT military applications demonstrates significant advancement [74]. The technical architecture implements decentralized user authentication processing while achieving scalable environment operation. Research shows superior performance in execution time, throughput, and overhead ratio metrics through Node.js runtime platform analysis. Innovation in the management of the identity of UAV swarms seems to come with the implementation of the B-UIM-M model [75]. This two-layer implementation of identity information is for both organizations and individual UAVs, using DIDs for authentication. The technical architecture implements secure transmission protocols designed explicitly for UAV communication data and effectively solves the problem of single-point-of-failure vulnerabilities. 6G communication security can be progressive with the new smart contract mechanisms and methodologies for digital signatures. The research [79] details a \"hysteresis digital signature\" technique along with AAA checks based on ISO 27000 standards. In the technical architecture, there are SHA-256, SHA-512, and ZK-SNARKS algorithms, which prove quite effective in maintaining the authenticity and integrity of the tactical networks.