## 5 Method
### Instruments
#### 5.2.2 Technology Readiness and Acceptance Model (TRAM)  
In an effort to establish an evaluation method which would relate the users' personality to their attitude towards using the biofeedback system and their behavioral intention, we selected the readiness and acceptance model (TRAM) [3]. This model is an integration of the technology readiness index model (TRI) [21] and the technology acceptance model (TAM) [22,23]. The model utilized in this article is based on TRAM (Figure 3) and includes the dimensions of attitude towards using and behavioral intention, which leads to a strong induction for actual use [28]. [PERSON] and [PERSON] [29] have explained the dimensions of the TRAM model and their relationships in detail. * Technology readiness index (TRI) [21]. This model is used to measure one's tendency to use new technologies. The TRI identifies four dimensions of technology beliefs that impact on an individual's level of techno-readiness. The dimensions considered as contributors towards technology adoption are the following: Optimism scale: it consists of 10 items, but we excluded from the beginning the item referring to \"you like the idea of doing business via computers because you are not limited to regular business hours\", since the sample used for our research was not familiar with a standard business context [29,30]. This contributor expresses a positive attitude towards the biofeedback system. Innovativeness: this contributor measures how individuals perceive themselves with regard to the adoption of innovation. It consists of 7 items [21,29]. Figure 3: Original TRAM model. The dimensions of technology beliefs that are viewed as inhibitors of technology adoption are: (a) Discomfort: it captures the inconvenience people may experience due to the biofeedback system. This scale consists of 10 items [21; 29; 30]; (b) Insecurity: it generally focuses on objections that people may have. This scale consists of 9 items [21; 29]. \(\bullet\) Technology acceptance model (TAM) [22; 23]. This model applies two key determinants: \(\bigcirc\) Perceived usefulness, which refers to \"the degree to which a person believes that using a particular system would enhance his or her job performance\". This scale consists of 6 items [22; 23]. \(\bigcirc\) Perceived ease of use, which refers to \"the degree to which a person believes that using a particular system would be free of effort\". This scale consists of 6 items [22; 23]. \(\bigcirc\) In addition to the above key determinants, two more concepts are used: (a) attitude towards using, which is tapped by 2 items and (b) behavioral intention, which is also tapped by 2 items [31]. \(\bullet\) The original TRAM model consists of eleven hypotheses, which are described below. **Hypothesis 1 (H1). **_Student optimism is positively related to perceived usefulness._  
**Hypothesis 2 (H2). **_Student optimism is positively related to perceived ease of use._  
**Hypothesis 3 (H3). **_Bifeedback system innovativeness is positively related to perceived usefulness._  
**Hypothesis 4 (H4). **_Bifeedback system innovativeness is positively related to perceived ease of use._  
**Hypothesis 5 (H5). **_Student insecurity is negatively related to perceived usefulness._  
**Hypothesis 6 (H6). **_Student insecurity is negatively related to perceived ease of use._  
**Hypothesis 7 (H7). **_Student discomfort is not significantly related to perceived useful-ness._  
**Hypothesis 8 (H8). **_Student discomfort is negatively related to perceived ease of use._  
**Hypothesis 9 (H9). **_Student perceived ease of use is positively related to student per-ceived usefulness._  
**Hypothesis 10a (H10a). **_Student perceived usefulness is positively related to biofeedback de-vice actual use._  
**Hypothesis 11a (H11a).