## 2 Experiments  
This study aims to quantitatively present the disaster response seismic performance by manufacturing 1200 \(\times\) 600 \(\times\) 75 mm concrete panels with no layers, one layer, or two layers of carbon fiber grids inserted as shown in Figure 1 and compare the flexural strength and energy dissipation capacity. The experimental plan is presented in Table 1. The number of carbon fiber grid layers, the experimental factor, was configured as zero (unreinforced), one, or two. The carbon fiber grid was arranged in the middle at 37.5 mm of the 75 mm panel thickness in the case of one layer. Two layers were arranged at 25 mm and 50 mm by dividing the 75 mm panel thickness into three parts. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c  
The concrete mix comprised 29.6% \(W\)/\(B\), 49.0% \(S\)/\(A\), 550 kg/m\({}^{3}\) of binding material, and 163 kg/m\({}^{3}\) of unit quantity to satisfy the design strength of 50.0 MPa. In addition, ordinary Portland cement (OPC), fly ash, and silica fume were used to replace 20% and 4% of the binding material. The concrete mix is presented in Table 1, and OPC was used with a specific surface area of 3.14 cm\({}^{2}\)/g and a density of 3.15 g/cm\({}^{3}\), sold by Company S in South Korea; Norwegian silica fume with a density of 2.21 g/m\({}^{3}\) and a specific surface area of 160,000 cm\({}^{2}\)/g; Korean fly ash from Boryeong with a density of 2.22 g/cm\({}^{3}\), a specific surface area of 2976 cm\({}^{2}\)/g, and an ignition loss of 4.0%; polycarboxylic acid-based superplasticizer from Company E S in South Korea for superplasticizer; crushed coarse aggregate with a maximum size of 20 mm for coarse aggregate; and sea sand with a maximum size of 5 mm for fine aggregate. Carbon fiber grids are normally manufactured as geo-grids using a warp-knitting machine. Unlike the conventional polyester high-strength thread of carbon fiber produced as 1500 d \(\times\) 3 Ply or 1500 d \(\times\) 8 Ply, a stiff hybrid thread with the ductility of single or para-aramid was manufactured as the woven type using an exclusive weaving machine for rapier grids. Fabrics made using the hybrid thread of carbon fiber and para-aramid can have an almost identical tensile strength in the machine direction (MD) and cross-machine direction (CD). The physical properties of carbon fiber grids are presented in Table 1 and Figure 2[18]. The construction was made using Carbon fiber 12K T700 50C 2 threads in the longitudinal (MD) direction, and was weaved using a \"Leno\" weaving system. The transverse (CD) direction was made using Carbon fiber 12K T700 50C 2 threads in a flat rapier system, mostly using Carbon fiber 12K, 24K \"Leno\" weaving system with a rapier loom machine. The grid mesh distance was (MD) 21 mm \(\times\) (CD) 21 mm. In this study, the flexural performance of the carbon fiber grid reinforcement panels was evaluated by the four-point method according to KS F 2566 at the age of 28 days as shown in Figure 3. Span length was 1000 mm, and the loading rate was 0.2 mm/min using the displacement control method. Two linear variable displacement transducers (LVDT) were attached in the middle of the specimen to measure the deflection under load. The following equation for calculating concrete flexural strength presented in KS F 2566 was used to calculate flexural strength. \[f_{r}=\frac{Pl}{bh^{2}} \tag{1}\]  
where \(P\) is maximum load, \(\ell\) is span length, \(b\) is width of fracture surface, and \(h\) is height of fracture surface. In the case of reinforced concrete buildings that take a cyclic load such as seismic load, the energy dissipation capacity is an extremely important factor for evaluating seismic performance. Buildings must be designed to have a high energy dissipation capacity. Therefore, the energy dissipation capacity is generally computed by the area surrounded by the hysteric behavior curve, as shown in Figure 4.  
Figure 3: Flexural strength test. (**a**) Details of flexural strength test. (**b**) Setup for flexural test. Figure 2: Carbon fiber grid. (**a**) Specimen.