## 4 Application of Record Selection Model  
In this section, the target spectra of different seismic codes (i.e., EC8 and the TBEC) and scenario-based target spectra are taken into consideration to demonstrate the capacity of the solution model. As highlighted in Section 2, code recommendations of selection conditions are considered for making the applications code compliant. In addition to the general requirements provided, some other critical issues considered are given below:  
* A single-scale value was used for all components of GMs. * Vertical components were selected with horizontal counterparts of the same GM record simultaneously. * Recent studies indicate that amplitude scaling does not significantly impact a building's response if spectral shapes are compatible [18; 19]. Nonetheless, the scale value was confined to between 0.25 and 4.00 for selections based on seismic codes and scenarios. * The lower bound for the ratio of the mean spectrum to target spectrum was defined as 1.00, 0.90, and 0.8 for the TBEC, EC8, and scenario-based selections, respectively. The upper bound of this ratio was taken as equal to 1.25. These constraints were applied to both vertical and horizontal GM components. * Different period ranges for the fitness of horizontal spectral shapes were set: they were set as between 0.1 s and 1.5 s, and 0.2 s and 2.0 s, for \(T=1.0\) s, and 0.05 s and 0.75 s, and 0.1 s and 1.0 s, for \(T=0.5\) s for the TBEC and EC8, respectively. For scenario-based selection, the period range was taken as between 0.2 s and 2.0 s. The period range between the mean spectrum and target spectrum for the vertical direction was between 0.1 s and 1.5 s for both seismic code- and scenario-based selections [31; 65]. * GMs were selected separately for two- and three-dimensional analysis. Only one orientation of the same GM record (X or Y) in the horizontal direction was enforced in sets for two-dimensional analysis. * The number of GMs was taken as equal to 7, 11, and 11 for EC8, TBEC, and scenario-based selections. * Optimization algorithm parameters such as _HMS_, _HMCR_, _PAR_, and \(b_{w}\) were taken as equal to 30, 0.9, 0.3, and 0.01, respectively. The maximum iteration was set to 100,000 [23]. Based on the issues given above, GM records were selected satisfying all conditions. Figure 9 shows the selected GM response spectra for horizontal and vertical directions according to the TBEC considering Soil ZD. Selection was performed for two-dimensional (or uni-directional) analysis. In Figure 9a,b, randomly selected GM records at earlier steps of the solution model are represented for horizontal (Figure 9a) and vertical (Figure 9b) directions. Figure 9c,d indicate the final run results that satisfy the selection constraints. It can be seen in the figures that the results for the horizontal direction based on predefined conditions perfectly matched with the target spectrum and the same situation is valid for the vertical direction. As shown in the figures, vertical GM components are selected from the counterparts of horizontal GM components of the same GM. For example, when the horizontal GM is given as the 3512x component, based on the constraints defined, the 3512x component is also automatically selected for vertical GM sets. The rest of the GM records were also picked for this purpose for the number of GMs defined in the TBEC, which is eleven for this example. Note that the single-scale value was attained for both the horizontal and vertical components in the sets. For instance, the scaling value for the 3512x component was 0.552, which was the same for the 3512x component. The other scaling values were \(5829\mathrm{y}-1.382,366\mathrm{c}\mathrm{x}-3.439,412\mathrm{x}-1.594,673 \mathrm{x}-3.304,1187\mathrm{y}-3.204,\)\(757\mathrm{x}-0.496,458\mathrm{x}-1.324,\)\(611\mathrm{y}-0.678,\)\(967\mathrm{x}-1.710,\) and \(5251\mathrm{x}-2.476\).