## 1 Introduction
Greater control of rotation speed of individual containers with respect to the support surfaces have recently been developed in modern instruments by different manufacturers [4; 5; 6]. In both the laboratory scale and an industrial scale ball milling, an important physical parameter, such as kinetic energy (K.E. = \(\frac{1}{2}\) mv\({}^{2}\)) of the energetic balls having a specific mass moving with the agitation velocity, contributes and determines the effectiveness and the total duration required in addition to particle size reduction. Therefore, based on the kinetic energy value in a laboratory scale apparatus, the vibratory mill, due to the higher velocity, induces faster transformation while the ball mass is kept constant when compared to the planetary ball mill. However, an industrial scale vibratory mill, due the containment of velocity, leads slower transformation with respect to other types of mills. The mechanochemical alloying is considered as the versatile method for the manufacture of oxide composites in large quantities [7]. The uniqueness of this alloying process is due to the high energy induced repeated collisions of the constituents, fracturing, and cold welding of the candidate materials, such as amorphous and/or nanostructure materials [8]. Another competing characteristic of the ball milling processes is that the scaling of materials' manufacturing to industrial quantities are not cumbersome. The mechanochemical milling not only influences the attrition and agglomeration behavior of the materials involved, but also induces the chemical reactivity that eventually decides the final product and its properties. With this advantage of additional features of mechanical alloying induced chemical transformation reactions, a number of metal oxide nanocomposites have been milled with more reactive materials. Therefore, utilizing mechanochemical processes in place of mechanical alloying has a difference when we deal with the reactive chemical species that yields a desired product [9]. A typical ball mill can be constructed with a hollow cylindrical chamber that is made to rotate about a horizontal axis and is filled with different dimension balls. Depending on the characteristics of the materials to be milled, different material types of the container and the balls are chosen, for example, stainless steel, tungsten carbide, zirconia, alumina, agate, or silicon nitride. In order to avoid a reaction with the container walls, these are coated with liner based on manganese, steel, or rubber material. In the category of reactive mechanochemical milling, a low vacuum (\(\sim\)10\({}^{-3}\) Torr), or special purpose gases, such argon, hydrogen, nitrogen, will be deployed while the milling process is underway. Many of the ball mill types, such as attrition, planetary, vibratory, and low-energy tumbling, are often handling variable temperatures and pressures which are convenient for in-situ processing and optimization [10]. The mechanochemical pulverization process breaks the chemical bonds through the energy of the kinetic motions of the impacted balls, which crush the bulk material to give small particles and generate new surfaces and properties. In 2020, [PERSON] et al. prepared and studied the effect of multiferroic composite materials which are free from the lead metal and are synthesized via the high energy mechanical alloying techniques [11]. The ball milling technique is a versatile top-down synthesis technique to synthesize nanomaterials, including metallic, multi-metallic, alloyed, ceramic nanocomposites, etc. It is a simple, economical, and high throughput top-down fabrication method for nanocomposites compared to other techniques. Ball milling reinforces the particles onto the surface or into the interlayers of the matrix phase of the composite [12]. This could be performed with/without solid-state chemical reaction.