## 2 Background and Related Work
Grain-128a improves upon the design of Grain-v1 by making significant enhancements to its security parameters. These include increasing the key size from 80 bits to 128 bits and the internal state from 160 bits to 256 bits, resulting in a higher level of cryptographic strength. Additionally, an authentication mechanism has been integrated to strengthen security and resilience against potential vulnerabilities further. The Mickey-v1 cipher is designed with a key size of 80 bits and an IV ranging from 0 to 80 bits for initializing the internal state, ensuring a higher degree of diffusion through initial mixing steps. The cipher enhances randomness by irregularly clocking shift registers. This irregular clocking mechanism, in combination with non-linear feedback from one register and linear feedback from another register, each with 80 stages, produces a complex and secure keystream. Each stage in these registers generates one bit of the keystream. The resultant keystream is then XORed with plaintext bits for encryption. Our study commenced with a comprehensive assessment of existing benchmarking tools developed for evaluating the performance of LWSCs on resource-constrained devices. While some tools offered specific performance metrics, they exhibited constraints and operational deficiencies that were not aligned with our research objectives. Our research aims to evaluate the performance characteristics and resource utilization to examine the efficiency, efficacy, and suitability of LWSCs during the encryption of a resource-intensive task on resource-constrained IoT devices. Moreover, current tools face significant challenges due to the intricate network of platform interdependencies. This can lead to compatibility issues and hinder smooth operation across various systems. The complexity of the code adds to the difficulty of maintaining the tools, making it hard to manage and update them effectively. Also, there are significant constraints in integrating new ciphers, as these tools often lack the flexibility and adaptability required to accommodate other lightweight cryptographic algorithms. The research study by [PERSON] and [PERSON] [16] provides a detailed examination of the performance attributes of eSTREAM profile-II (hardware-oriented) ciphers, focusing on Grain-v1, Mickey, and Trivium. The evaluation includes important metrics such as throughput, memory utilization, and the power consumption of the ciphers. However, there are considerable limitations as the study does not cover eSTREAM profile-I ciphers (software-oriented) and does not provide insights into the performance of these ciphers under resource-intensive application scenarios. In the study conducted by [PERSON] and [PERSON] [17] and [PERSON] et al. [18], researchers undertake both statistical security evaluations and performance assessments of specific LWSCs. While statistical security evaluations provide valuable insights by analyzing the randomness of the generated keystream, performance evaluations offer information regarding throughput and memory consumption in the former case and only throughput in the latter case. However, neither study addresses energy consumption or the feasibility of using these LWSCs in resource-intensive applications, creating a gap in understanding their applicability. The existing literature lays the groundwork for understanding the performance and characteristics of various LWSCs. However, current frameworks only focus on specific metrics and do not provide comprehensive assessments of the suitability of LWSCs for data-intensive tasks involving continuous data streams. There is an evident need for comprehensive benchmarking tools and methodologies to evaluate these ciphers. Our framework seeks to address these challenges by offering a customized solution in a controlled environment for evaluating LWSCs in a real-world, real-time, data-intensive scenario within a constrained IoT environment.