## 3 Results
### The Inactivity of Larvae with Chlorination  
The effect of chlorination on the behavioral responses of chironomid larvae was investigated in this study. The average percentage values of behavioral responses in chlorination compared to the control sample showed that chlorination had a negative impact on the behavior of the larvae (Table 3). Looping behavior was found to decrease with increasing doses of chlorine. At low doses (0.5-2 mg/L as Cl), the looping activity for instar 1 was 78.92 \(\pm\) 6.1%, and instar 2 showed 78.92 \(\pm\) 7.2%, while instar 3 and instar 4 had a looping activity of around 88.21 \(\pm\) 7% and 89.64 \(\pm\) 8.2%, respectively. However, the looping activity decreased with increasing observation time. At medium doses (2-10 mg/L) and high doses (15-20 mL), the looping activity decreased during both 1 h of observation and after 2-5 days of observation. On the fifth day of observation, looping activity fell below 50%, and instar 1 showed only 8.75 \(\pm\) 11.1% of looping activity. At high doses, the looping activity dropped dramatically during 1 h of observation, and after 5 days of observation, there was no looping activity from instar 1 and instar 2, while only 1.66 \(\pm\) 3.7% and 7.5% of the looping activity remained in the third and fourth instars, respectively. In the case of crawling behavior, at low doses of chlorine and after 1 h of observation, the percentage of chironomid larvae in instar 1 and 2 was 21.07 \(\pm\) 6.1% and 21.07 \(\pm\) 7.2%, respectively. The percentages of larvae in instars 3 and 4 were 11.78 \(\pm\) 7% and 10.35 \(\pm\) 8.2%,  
Figure 4: The accumulated number of dead larvae since coagulant exposure. (**a**) Low turbidity, (**b**) high turbidity. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c c c c} \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**Dose**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Behavioral**} & \multicolumn{4}{c}{**For 1 h**} & \multicolumn{4}{c}{**2-5 Days**} \\ \cline{3-10}  & **Resposes** & **Instr 1** & **Instr 2** & **Instr 3** & **Instr 4** & **Instr 1** & **Instr 2** & **Instr 3** & **Instr 4** \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{Low chlorine dose} & Looping & 78.92 \(\pm\) 6.1 & 78.92 \(\pm\) 7.2 & 88.21 \(\pm\) 7.0 & 89.64 \(\pm\) 8.2 & 37.5 \(\pm\) 7.5 & 43.75 \(\pm\) 9.2 & 51.87 \(\pm\) 19.4 & 55.62 \(\pm\) 12.7 \\ \cline{2-10}  & Crawling & 21.07 \(\pm\) 6.1 & 21.07 \(\pm\) 7.2 & 11.78 \(\pm\) 7.0 & 10.35 \(\pm\) 8.2 & 51.25 \(\pm\) 3.3 & 50.62 \(\pm\) 7.4 & 32.5 \(\pm\) 11.9 & 17.50 \(\pm\) 6.6 \\ \cline{2-10}  & Death & 0 \(\pm\) 0 & 0 \(\pm\) 0 & 0 \(\pm\) 0 & 0 \(\pm\) 0 & 11.25 \(\pm\) 7.8 & 5.62 \(\pm\) 4.9 & 4.37 \(\pm\) 4.9 & 6.25 \(\pm\) 4.8 \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{Medium chlorine dose} & Looping & 39.28 \(\pm\) 25.0 & 40.00 \(\pm\) 20.8 & 59.64 \(\pm\) 15.2 & 66.78 \(\pm\) 10.0 & 8.75 \(\pm\) 11.1 & 15.62 \(\pm\) 7.8 & 17.50 \(\pm\) 20.1 & 42.50 \(\pm\) 9.0 \\ \cline{2-10}  & Crawling & 60.35 \(\pm\) 24.7 & 59.64 \(\pm\) 20.6 & 40.35 \(\pm\) 15.2 & 33.21 \(\pm\) 10 & 47.50 \(\pm\) 16.3 & 52.50 \(\pm\) 13.9 & 50.62 \(\pm\) 10.8 & 25.00 \(\pm\) 7.0 \\ \cline{2-10}  & Death & 0.35 \(\pm\) 1.8 & 0.35 \(\pm\) 1.8 & 0 \(\pm\) 0 & 0 \(\pm\) 0 & 43.75 \(\pm\) 22.6 & 31.87 \(\pm\) 19.4 & 26.87 \(\pm\) 8.4 & 23.75 \(\pm\) 9.9 \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{High chlorine dose} & Looping & 8.09 \(\pm\) 7.3 & 10.47 \(\pm\) 6.5 & 28.57 \(\pm\) 10.3 & 47.14 \(\pm\) 8.8 & 0 \(\pm\) 0 & 0 \(\pm\) 0 & 1.66 \(\pm\) 3.7 & 7.50 \(\pm\) 11.6 \\ \cline{2-10}  & Crawling & 75.71 \(\pm\) 7.2 & 77.61 \(\pm\) 11.9 & 61.90 \(\pm\) 7.3 & 42.85 \(\pm\) 11.6 & 7.500 \(\pm\) 10.8 & 15.83 \(\pm\) 23.6 & 17.50 \(\pm\) 24.8 & 12.50 \(\pm\) 12.3 \\ \cline{2-10}  & Death & 16.19 \(\pm\) 7.8 & 11.90 \(\pm\) 13.6 & 9.52 \(\pm\) 11.7 & 10.00 \(\pm\) 11.9 & 92.5 \(\pm\) 10.8 & 84.16 \(\pm\) 23.6 & 80.00 \(\pm\) 28.2 & 79.16 \(\pm\) 22.8 \\ \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 3: Behavioral activity in chironomid larvae exposed to different chlorine concentrations. respectively.