## 4 Results
### Remote Sensing Techniques
In this case, reanalysis data showed the lowest overall error compared with buoys and ship data [76]. Due to the dramatic increase in the use of renewable energy around the world, the need to identify suitable areas for installation and the size of wind farms has increased. In this case, the reanalysis data can be used with a great ability to identify these areas. For example, at different altitudes, it can measure the wind for industrial use of the area, so we called industrial wind. Which can show itself in the view of an accurate wind atlas. Wind atlas contains different wind parameters in different regions, for example, maps, wind speed and direction, time series and frequency distributions. A wind atlas covers the average of important wind parameters at different altitudes for long periods that can come to governments, companies, and academic projects, for example ([[https://globalwindatlas.info/](https://globalwindatlas.info/)]([https://globalwindatlas.info/](https://globalwindatlas.info/))). An atlas map of offshore wind energy potential that considers all wind parameters can identify potential areas for the nearshore and offshore wind farms installation for later stages [77]. Opportunities: RS data and techniques guarantee a high level of reproducibility because S1 data (SAR) is free and has global coverage. To be more precise and accurate, SAR images with longer time intervals should be used. SAR satellites have several advantages, such as the high spatial resolution, the coverage of large areas, obtained in all-weather conditions, day and night (24 h) [78]. The ability to identify hot spots or focus on ROI makes it an interesting tool for preliminary analysis with different goals and by different target groups. On the other hand, the researcher can obtain data over a long period of time. Many researchers used the reanalysis dataset, which is long term time series of data on wind speed analysis, for network integration studies on wind potential areas [79]. The most important advantage of reanalysis dataset is that they are generally free. This type of information received from the global observation system are made up by different observations tools such as satellites, meteorological stations, and ships to cover a large area [80]. Weaknesses: There are several sensor options for measuring wind at sea and ocean waters using satellite RS, but those satellite and sensors like many other measurement tools, has limitations. For this reason, many researchers have used synthetic winds derived from multimeter scattering, radiometry, and reanalysis data [81; 82]. In addition, mostly the assessments were confined to a single or dual scatterometer or using different data sources like reanalysis model, a single scatterometer data is limited to a specific period of time [81]. On one hand, SAR satellite images relative with ocean and sea water surface usually manifests expressions of atmospheric phenomena occurring in the boundary layer can be attributed to the phenomenon [83], such as boundary layer rolls, atmospheric convective cells, atmospheric internal gravity waves, tropical rain cells [84]. Furthermore, SAR satellites have a limit on scanning different areas, which can include one or two scans per week and/or day and are not universal. Much of these satellite data can be accessible with some restrictions of user need (users need a proposal), such as TerraSAR-X, COSMO SkyMed and Radarsat-2. These restrictions also include time constraints with the launching time of satellites. The accuracy of offshore wind assessment using SAR satellite imageries may be affected by different reasons, such as land contamination and lower water depth in the coastline areas [56]. Other factors such as image quality, in-orbit time of the satellite and also hard targets such as oil spills, land, islands, ships, WTGs and WECs are limiting ability to measure wind at the ocean and sea areas from the satellite's imageries.