## 5 Problems and Limitations
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c} \hline \hline \begin{tabular}{c} **Functionalization** \\ **Agent** \\ \end{tabular} & **Polymer Matrix** & **Resin Preparation** & \begin{tabular}{c} **3D Printing** \\ **Conditions** \\ \end{tabular} & \begin{tabular}{c} **Post-Processing** \\ **Steps** \\ \end{tabular} & **Applications** & **Ref.** \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{Acryloyl chloride} & \begin{tabular}{c} Methacrylate-based \\ resin for SLA \\ (Formlabs \\ \end{tabular} & \begin{tabular}{c} 25 \(\upmu\)m resolution, \\ \end{tabular} & \begin{tabular}{c} 2 \(\upmu\)m resolution, \\ 405 nm laser \\ ultrasonication for 30 min; \\ continuous stirring at 50 \({}^{\circ}\)C for 12 h \\ USA) \\ \end{tabular} & \begin{tabular}{c} 2 \(\upmu\)m resolution, \\ 405 nm laser \\ ultrasonication for 30 min; \\ continuous stirring at 50 \({}^{\circ}\)C for 12 h \\ \end{tabular} & \begin{tabular}{c} 2 \(\upmu\)m resolution, \\ 405 nm laser \\ wavelength, and \\ 250 mW power \\ rating \\ \end{tabular} & \begin{tabular}{c} 2 \(\upmu\)m, drying \\ at KP for 30 min; \\ applications, such \\ post-curing at \\ 405 nm at 60 \({}^{\circ}\)C for \\ 11 \\ \end{tabular} & \multirow{3}{*}{[129]} \\  & \
\begin{tabular}{c} GO synthesised by the Tour \\ method was mixed with MEMO \\ and ethanol for 8 h at room \\ temperature and 2 h at 60 \({}^{\circ}\)C. \\ \end{tabular} &
\begin{tabular}{c} SLA printer \\ manufactured at \\ Mercury \\ \end{tabular} & \multirow{3}{*}{[131]} \\
3-(metacryloyloxy) & \begin{tabular}{c} Epoxy acrylate \\ (BisSMA/1.6 \\ \end{tabular} & \begin{tabular}{c} GO synthesised by the Tour \\ method was mixed with MEMO \\ and ethanol for 8 h at room \\ temperature and 2 h at 60 \({}^{\circ}\)C. \\ \end{tabular} & \begin{tabular}{c} SLA printer \\ manufactured at \\ Mariama \\ Lamb Coveyer \\ (speed was \\ 5 min/mm at \\ laboratory, 405 nm; \\ \end{tabular} & \begin{tabular}{c} \(\upmu\)m, \\ 150 kV) with a short \\ wavelength \\ (200 nm) \\ \end{tabular} & & \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{\begin{tabular}{c} BYK dispersant \\ (copolymer \\ containing amino \\ groups) \\ \end{tabular} } & \begin{tabular}{c} Polyester acrylate, \\ acryloylmorpholine \\ (ACMO) as diluent \\ monomer; ITO as \\ photosensitizer \\ \end{tabular} & \begin{tabular}{c} A mixture of graphite oxide, BYK \\ and ethanol was first subjected to a \\ sonochemical exfoliation process \\ for 1 h; centrifuge, washing \\ vacuum at 80 \({}^{\circ}\)C. \\ monomer; ITO as \\ photosensitizer \\ acrylate; magnetic stirring for 1 h. \\ 7 wt\% \\ \end{tabular} & \begin{tabular}{c} SLA printer \\ (X)olagdang, \\ Citin), 25 um layer \\ thickness; 405 nm \\ wavelength; energy \\ dose of the UV laser \\ of 1327 mJ/cm\({}^{2}\) \\ \end{tabular} & \
\begin{tabular}{c} Annealing at \\ different \\ temperatures (200, \\ 250, 300, and \\ 350 \({}^{\circ}\)C) in nitrogen \\ atmosphere for 1 h. \\ \end{tabular} &
\begin{tabular}{c} Smart electronics \\ (132) \\ \end{tabular} \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 3: _Cont._a static, inert immiscible liquid below the resin as the constraining interface [139], the use of an oxygen-permeable membrane that inhibits the polymerization of a thin resin layer [140] or by using dual-wavelength irradiation to photopolymerize and simultaneously inhibits the reaction of (meth)acrylate resin at the solid interface [141]. Additionally, the possibility of automatically exchanging the resin reservoirs and the restriction of using one resin at a time is still a technological limitation of the SLA technique. The functionality of 3D-printed constructs is highly material-dependent [142]. The presence of an additive, especially in a concentration higher than 10%, may hinder the photopolymerization of the resin, and, consequently, the construct presents irregularities and deformities in some parts [143]. Obviously, the presence of graphene results in deep black resins, affecting the penetration of light into the resin and its photocrosslinking behaviour.