# Extracellular Vesicles and Artificial Intelligence: Unique Weapons against Breast Cancer
## 3 An Artificial Intelligence Approach to Precision Medicine
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c} \hline \hline
**NCT Number** & **Study Title** & **Study Status** & **Study Type** \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{**NCT04530890**} & Interest of Circulating Tumor DNA in & \multirow{3}{*}{RECRUITING} & \multirow{3}{*}{INTERVENTIONAL} \\  & Digestive and Gynecologic/Breast & & \\  & Cancer & & \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{**NCT04653740**} & Omic Technologies to Track Resistance to & \multirow{3}{*}{UNKNOWN} & \multirow{3}{*}{INTERVENTIONAL} \\  & Palbociclib in Metastatic Breast Cancer & & \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{**NCT04288141**} & A Study to Measure the Expression of the & \multirow{3}{*}{RECRUITING} & \multirow{3}{*}{OBSERVATIONAL} \\  & HER2-HER3 Dimer in Tumour and Blood & & \\  & (Exosomes) Samples From Patients With & & \\  & HER2 Positive Breast Cancer Receiving & & \\  & HER2 Targeted Therapies & & \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{**NCT03974204**} & Analyses of Exosomes in the & \multirow{3}{*}{WITHDRAWN} & \multirow{3}{*}{INTERVENTIONAL} \\  & Cerebrospinal Fluid for Breast Cancer & & \\  & Patients With Suspicion of & & \\  & Leptomeningeal Metastasis. & & \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{**NCT04781062**} & Development of a Horizontal Data & \multirow{3}{*}{ACTIVE\_NOT\_RECRUITING} & \multirow{3}{*}{INTERVENTIONAL} \\  & Integration Classifier for Noninvasive & & \\  & Early Diagnosis of Breast Cancer & & \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{**NCT02977468**} & Effects of MK-3475 (Pembrolizumab) on & \multirow{3}{*}{RECRUITING} & \multirow{3}{*}{INTERVENTIONAL} \\  & the Breast Tumor Microenvironment in & & \\  & Triple Negative Breast Cancer & & \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{**NCT02662621**} & Pilot Study With the Aim to Quantify a & \multirow{3}{*}{COMPETED} & \multirow{3}{*}{INTERVENTIONAL} \\  & Stress Protein in the Blood and in the & & \\  & Urine for the Monitoring and Early & & \\  & Diagnosis of Malignant Solid Tumors & & \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{**NCT02892734**} & Ipilimumab and Nivolumab in Treating & \multirow{3}{*}{TERMINATED} & \multirow{3}{*}{INTERVENTIONAL} \\  & Patients With Recurrent Stage IV HER2 & & \\  & Negative Inflammatory Breast Cancer & & \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{**NCT04298398**} & Impact of Group Psychological & \multirow{3}{*}{UNKNOWN} & \multirow{3}{*}{INTERVENTIONAL} \\  & Interventions on Extracellular Vesicles in & & \\  & People Who Had Cancer & & \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 2: Cont. where the large number of parameters makes finding a correlation with cancer difficult. In this context, using living databases containing all kinds of patients' data, from miRNAs to symptoms, extremely complex models can be customized for therapy selection, dose calculation, surveillance modality and scheduling, and so on [152]. As explained in previous sections, prevention and screening are the first steps in reducing BC mortality. Currently, mammography is used as a method of early detection, and the introduction of mammography screening was proven to significantly reduce BC mortality [153], although it can lead to false negatives and false positives and thus unnecessary invasive exams [154]. Therefore, in recent years, liquid biopsy has become a good candidate to surpass this limitation. A liquid biopsy allows for noninvasive sample collection and enables an improvement in BC's early diagnosis, screening, prognosis, relapse, disease monitoring, and response to therapy. Many components of tumor cells, such as circulating tumor cells (CTCs), circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA), cell-free RNA, miRNA, tumor-educated platelets, and EVs, can be analyzed in a liquid biopsy [155; 156]. In this scenario, miRNAs appear as liquid biopsy biomarkers for early and noninvasive BC detection and prognosis [157; 158; 159; 160]. These biomarkers come from both free-circulating miRNAs or miRNAs within EVs [161; 162; 163]. Thanks to the implementation of high-throughput technologies, such as microarray and NGS, thousands of miRNAs in BC samples can be profiled.