# Effects of Glyphosate and Its Metabolite AMPA on Aquatic Organisms
## 2 Glyphosate (N-(phosphonomethyl)glycine)
### Toxic Effects
#### 2.3.2 Invertebrate Species
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Species** & **Concentration** & **Exposure** & **Effects** & **References** \\ \hline \multirow{6}{*}{\
\begin{tabular}{c} Mediterranean mussel \\ (_Mytilus galloprevincialis_) \\ \end{tabular} } & 7 days & \(\uparrow\) THC, haemocyte proliferation; \(\downarrow\) Haemocyte diameter, AChE in gills & \\ \cline{2-5}  & 100 ug/L (GLY) & 14 days & \(\uparrow\) AChE in gills, CAT in digestive gland; \(\downarrow\) CAT in gills & [77] \\ \cline{2-5}  & 100 ug/L (GLY) & 21 days & \(\downarrow\) THC, haemocyte diameter, haemocyte volume, HL, AChE in gills & \\ \cline{2-5}  & 10, 100, 1000 & \(\uparrow\) cell volume of haemocyte, haemolymph pH; \(\downarrow\) Hz, haemolymph acid phosphatase activity; AChE in gills; SOD in digestive gland, THC, & [79] \\ \hline \multirow{6}{*}{
\begin{tabular}{c} _Limmoperna_ \\ _fortunei_ \\ \end{tabular} } & 1, 3, 6 mg/L (GLY) & 26 days & \(\uparrow\) TBARS, GST, ALP; \(\downarrow\) CES, SOD & [80] \\ \cline{2-5}  & 10, 20, 40 mg/L (GLY) & 3 weeks & \(\downarrow\) presence of large mussel by 40\%, presence empty & [81] \\ \cline{2-5}  & 0.1, 1, 100 ug/L (Consostrea gís) & 35 days & \(\uparrow\) GST; \(\downarrow\) growth; LPO, MDA & [82] \\ \cline{2-5}  & 0.05-5 mg/L(GLY) & 4 days & \(\uparrow\) SOD; \(\downarrow\) GST, membrane bound GST & [83] \\ \cline{2-5}  & 0.05-5 mg/L(GLY) & 96 h & \(\uparrow\) \% DNA in tail, SOD, POD, \(\beta\)-GD; \(\downarrow\) THC, granulocytes, phagocytic activity, ACP, AKP & [58] \\ \cline{2-5}  & 0.05-5 mg/L(GLY) & 1.0, 100 ug/L (G) & 1.0, 100 ug/L (G) & 1.0, 100 ug/L (G) & [81] \\ \cline{2-5}  & 0.05-5 mg/L(GLY) & 1.0, 100 ug/L (G) & 1.0, 100 ug/L (G) & 1.0, 100 ug/L (G) & [82] \\ \cline{2-5}  & 0.05-5 mg/L(GLY) & 1.0, 100 ug/L (G) & 1.0, 100 ug/L (G) & 1.0, 100 ug/L (G) & [83] \\ \cline{2-5}  & 0.05-5 mg/L(GLY) & 1.0, 100 ug/L (G) & 1.0, 100 ug/L (G) & 1.0, 100 ug/L (G) & [83] \\ \cline{2-5}  & 0.05-5 mg/L(GLY) & 1.0, 100 ug/L (G) & 1.0, 100 ug/L (G) & 1.0, 100 ug/L (G) & [84] \\ \cline{2-5}  & 0.05-5 mg/L(GLY) & 1.0, 100 ug/L (G) & 1.0, 100 ug/L (G) & 1.0, 100 ug/L (G) & [85] \\ \cline{2-5}  & 0.05-5 mg/L(GLY) & 1.0, 100 ug/L (G) & 1.0, 100 ug/L (G) & 1.0, 100 ug/L (G) & [86] \\ \cline{2-5}  & 0.05-5 mg/L(GLY) & 1.0, 100 ug/L (G) & 1.0, 100 ug/L (G) & 1.0, 100 ug/L (G) & [87] \\ \cline{2-5}  & 0.05-5 mg/L(GLY) & 1.0, 100 ug/L (G) & 1.0, 100 ug/L (G) & 1.0, 100 ug/L (G) & [88] \\ \cline{2-5}  & 0.05-5 mg/L(GLY) & 1.0, 100 ug/L (G) & 1.0, 100 ug/L (G) & 1.0, 100 ug/L (G) & [83] \\ \cline{2-5}  & 0.05-5 mg/L(GLY) & 1.0, 100 ug/L (G) & 1.0, 100 ug/L (G) & 1.0, 100 ug/L (G) & [83] \\ \cline{2-5}  & 0.05-5 mg/L(GLY) & 1.0, 100 ug/L (G) & 1.0, 100 ug/L (G) & 1.0, 100 ug/L (G) & 1.0, 100 ug/L (G) & [84] \\ \cline{2-5}  & 0.05-5 mg/L(GLY) & 1.0, 100 ug/L (G) & 1.0, 100 ug/L (G) & 1.0, 100 ug/L (G) & [85] \\ \cline{2-5}  & 0.05-5 mg/L(GLY) & 1.0, 100 ug/L (G) & 1.0, 100 ug/L (G) & 1.0, 100 ug/L (G) & 1.0, 100 ug/L (G) & [86] \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}  
* Roundup (active substance glyphosate, 41%), 2 Nongtshi (active substance glyphosate, 30%), 3 Transorb (active substance glyphosate, 48%), 4 Excel Mera 71 (active substance glyphosate, 71%).  
\end{table} 
Table 5: Toxic effects of glyphosate and its commercial products on invertebrate species.