# Linked Open Government Data: Still a Viable Option for Sharing and Integrating Public Data?
## 7 What Valuable Examples of LOGD Adoption Can Be Found Today?
### Vocabularies  
There is evidence of widespread adoption of Linked Data (LD) technologies to reduce data friction around vocabularies, facilitating the emergence of standardized vocabularies, and their alignment and collaborative use. This section presents some notable cases where the use of RDF/OWL and SKOS vocabularies is being concretely reused in practical government settings. In the context of government data, long-lasting efforts have been made to help standardize the vocabularies used to describe concepts [114; 115], ensuring that information is organized and retrieved accurately, for example, AGROVOC, initiated in the early 1980s, and GEMET, initiated around 1997. Publishing controlled vocabularies such as SKOS [116; 117] following the LD principle has become a common practice (see AGROVOC [118], EU vocabularies ([[https://op.europa.eu/en/web/eu-vocabularies/controlled-vocabularies](https://op.europa.eu/en/web/eu-vocabularies/controlled-vocabularies)]([https://op.europa.eu/en/web/eu-vocabularies/controlled-vocabularies](https://op.europa.eu/en/web/eu-vocabularies/controlled-vocabularies)) (accessed on 1 February 2024)) including Eurovoc ([[https://op.europa.eu/s/y9](https://op.europa.eu/s/y9) pP]([https://op.europa.eu/s/y9](https://op.europa.eu/s/y9) pP) (accessed on 18 January 2024))). SKOS makes it easier for organizations and systems to collaborate and share their controlled vocabulary, and the adoption of HTTP dereferenceable URIs for thesaurus terms enabled the possibility of stating machine-actionable relations among terms in different thesauri. The adoption of LD technology led to the creation of open, flexible, and exploitable environments of thesauri and code lists, making the interoperability and the joint exploitation of vocabularies easier [119].  
Ontologies as vocabulary meant in terms of data schemes are adopted at national and international levels to improve the interoperability of government data. Internationally, noteworthy examples are exemplified by the Core Vocabularies. The European Core Vocabularies ([[https://joinup.ec.europa.eu/collection/semic-support-centre/core-vocabularies](https://joinup.ec.europa.eu/collection/semic-support-centre/core-vocabularies)]([https://joinup.ec.europa.eu/collection/semic-support-centre/core-vocabularies](https://joinup.ec.europa.eu/collection/semic-support-centre/core-vocabularies)) (accessed on 15 January 2024)) serve as versatile domain data models or information exchange data models. For instance, they can serve as the basis for a standardized publication format for data across base registries like cadaasters, business registers, and service catalogs. These domain data models also offer a default starting point for conceptualizing and structuring data models in newly developed information systems. The Core Vocabularies can form the foundation for context-specific information exchange data models used to share data between information systems. An illustration is the application of Core Vocabularies in defining information exchange data models, such as a \"Business Activity Registration Request\", designed for registering new business activities for a foreign branch of a legal entity in another EU Member State. Another instance is the Italian National Catalog of Data Semantics ([[https://schema.gov.it/](https://schema.gov.it/)]([https://schema.gov.it/](https://schema.gov.it/)) (accessed on in 15 January 2024)), conceived as part of projects outlined in the National Recovery and Resilience Plan (NRRP). Developed collaboratively by the Italian Department for Digital Transformation and other institutions, this catalog streamlines the search and reuse of semantic assets, including ontologies, data schemes, and controlled vocabularies. It provides a valuable resource for those developing semantically and syntactically interoperable APIs.