## 3 Results and Discussion
### Scientific Mapping
#### 3.2.3 Software  
Similarly to what we identified on hardware devices, we discovered the use of a broad variety of editors, programs, engines, and frameworks. The software adopted, like the hardware, is not mutually exclusive; rather, we found that there is typically a combination of various complementary solutions. The software referenced in the articles examined is shown in Table 6.  
Game engines are the most often used virtual reality software. The authors of [54] also found that gaming engines have been used in virtual manufacturing in recent years. These game engines may provide useful application programming interfaces for rendering, interaction, and physics, allowing for the creation of high-quality and high-fidelity virtual environments, as well as extensive online documentation [56; 65].  
Unity 3D, a game production platform that incorporates a game engine, was mentioned by ten studies and was the most widely used product. The authors of [15; 16; 45] declared that they chose Unity3D because it allows the integration of scripted behavior and offers a simple import workflow for 3D data.  
Only one study used the game engine 3 DVIA Virtools rather than Unity 3D. The authors explained that 3 DVIA Virtools was chosen to develop the virtual-reality application because it can be built on top of a sophisticated BMW shader library and production  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c} \hline \hline
**Ref.** & **Software** \\ \hline
[15; 16; 19; 45; 53; 55; 54; 46; 48; 51; 52; 53; 55] & Unity3D \\
[43; 50] & 3 DVIA Virtools \\
[43; 50] & Microsoft Kinect SDK \\
[15; 16; 45; 54] & CATIA; Siemens JACK \\
[15; 16; 45] & Autodesk 3 DsMax \\
[43; 50] & Microsoft Speech API \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}
Table 6: The software and engines employed in the research under consideration.  
data import workflow, and it has a flexible graphical scripting language that allows the programming and refining of interaction logic at run-time.  
In terms of CAD and modeling tools, three studies produced by the same research group used CATIA [15; 16; 45], and Siemens JACK was used in the experiment in [54] for product digitization.  
A wide variety of software, such as plugins, editors, and libraries, among many others, were cited by only one study. Table 11 lists the software specified in each of the articles reviewed.  
Q3: What are the benefits and challenges of using virtual reality for usability testing and design review in industry?  
The examined articles highlight different perspectives in which virtual reality might overcome the constraints of conventional design reviews and usability testing processes.  
According to the findings, virtual reality has two key advantages: benefits over conventional CAD models on screens and benefits over physical prototypes. In terms of advantages over CAD on screens, the advantages highlighted include the visualization of data from different angles and on a true scale, increased team collaboration and feelings of engagement, and more intuitive and natural interactions for non-CAD specialists. The benefits over physical prototypes include cost and time savings on redesign and increased safety. These advantages are discussed in depth below.