# Relationship between Physical Factors and Change of Direction Speed in Team Sports
## 3 Results and Discussion
### Relationship between CODS and Jump Ability
However, these findings did not confirm the study of [PERSON] et al. [28], even though they used the same Zig-Zag COD test. These contradictory results can be attributed to the large difference between the sample sizes. While the sample in [PERSON] et al. [22] consisted of a mix of male and female elite handball players that were over 20 and 30 years old, the sample in [PERSON] et al. [28] consisted only of male elite soccer players under 20 years old, with a mean age of 17.6 years. Moreover, the 1 RM power, peak power in relative values, and RFD peak force in a jump squat, except for average force and peak force, correlated with the time in the 505 Agility test (\(r=-0.40\) * to \(-0.70\) **) [29]. Countermovement jump (CMJ) performance is almost always better than squat jump performance. The difference in performance is thought to reflect an effective utilization of the stretch-shortening cycle [26]. This could primarily be related to the greater uptake of muscle slack and the buildup of stimulation during the countermovement in CMJ [30]. The relationship between a countermovement jump's parameters and the CODS tests was different in male and female players. While the CMJ height, with peak power in absolute or relative to body mass values or reactive strength index (RSI), correlated with the time in CODS tests in almost all studies in female (\(r=-0.39\) * to \(-0.79\) *) [15; 17; 31] or mixed group of male and female players (\(r=0.56\) * and \(r=0.84\) *, respectively) [22] it was slightly different in male players. This relationship was confirmed only in CMJ with additional weight (\(r=-0.47\) ** and \(r=0.48\) **, respectively) [13] or in relative values with the pro-agility test (\(r=-0.45\)*) but not with the \(t\)-test [15]. Although [PERSON] et al. [21] and [PERSON] et al. [32] also found a correlation with CMJ height (\(r=-0.39\) * to \(-0.77\) **), the vast majority of studies did not find a significant relationship between the time in CODS tests and the most of the CMJ parameters [13; 15; 16; 18; 28]. There were relatively consistent findings showing the relationship between the CODS performance and CMJ in females rather than in males, which was also confirmed in another study [24]. Considering these findings, we think the explosive strength and use of elastic energy and stretch-shortening cycle (SSC) determine the CODS performance in female rather than in male players. However, both reactive strength parameters in drop jump-height and RSI significantly correlated with the time in CODS tests in both genders (\(r=-0.37\) ** to \(-0.65\) **) [13; 18; 32]. Reactive strength using the stretch shortening cycle (SSC) appears to be a limiting factor for CODS performance, as indicated in the model of [PERSON] and [PERSON] [1]. Standing broad jump (SBJ) peak power had a significant relationship in relative values with the time in a CODS test of female basketball players (\(r=-0.62\) *) [27]. However, the distance of this jump did not correlate with the time in a CODS test of female basketball and male soccer players [16; 27]. Although the study of [PERSON] [23] showed a significant relationship between these two parameters (\(r=-0.54\) ** and \(r=-0.65\) **, respectively), the sample size was very large (over 500 participants), which could have distorted the results in terms of overpowering. Based on previous results, [PERSON] et al. [27] recommended the use of the distance in SBJ in relation to the participant's body mass. However, it was not recommended to use SBJ as a reflector of explosive strength, due to the method of execution. In many sports, vertical jumps occur much more frequently than horizontal jumps. Moreover, their study indicated that when the jump test is more specific to the sport (e.g., the two-steps approach in basketball players), the relationship to CODS performance is higher. Other jump tests like the lateral jump, the single-leg hop, or the 10 m single leg jump, were used less often in the studies we found.