esa-sceva/satcom-chunk-collection huggingface dataset:
## 1 Introduction
To address the problems of disordered movement, tumbling, and multiple vibration coupling in the system after capturing, this study designed a repetitive learning sliding mode controller to stabilize the base attitude and joint motion, proposed the linear quadratic optimal controller to inhibit the flexible vibration of the base and the joint, and used the hybrid trajectory method based on the virtual force concept to inhibit the vibration of the links. Three algorithms constituted the repetitive learning sliding mode stabilization controller (RSSC) to realize the stabilization control of the movement and vibration of the system. The numerical simulation shows that the proposed control scheme can suppress combination base vibration within 0.5 mm, combination joint 1 vibration within 0.05 rad, combination joint 2 vibration within 0.05 rad, combination B\({}_{1}\) link first mode within 0.05 mm, combination B\({}_{1}\) link second mode within 0.05 mm, combination B\({}_{2}\) link first mode within 0.2 mm, and combination B\({}_{2}\) link second mode within 0.02 mm. At the same time, the controller can make the system move according to the desired trajectory within 10 s.  
The paper is organized as follows: In Section 2, the kinematic relationships of the flexible space robot and satellite are established. In Section 3, the dynamic models of the flexible space robot and satellite are established. On this basis, the dynamic model of the system is established. In Section 4, the system is decomposed into slow and fast subsystems by using the singular perturbation method. In Section 5, a repetitive learning sliding mode stabilization control is proposed to achieve the stabilization control of motion vibration. In Section 6, numerical simulations are carried out to validate the control strategy. Finally, the conclusions are given in Section 7.
## 1 Introduction  
Due to the importance of sprinting speed for athletic performance [1], researchers and coaches are constantly looking for new, reliable, and valid tests and devices to assess performance in different types and phases of sprinting. Traditionally, linear sprints (LS) have been the standard for speed testing, but in team sports, such sprints are rarely performed due to the unpredictability of game situations [1]. In football, for example, sprint actions are predominantly performed in the form of curved sprints [2]. As the neuromuscular system must operate under specific biomechanical conditions [3], a curvilinear sprint test (CS) has been proposed to assess specific speed performance [4]. Irrespective of the type of sprint, early acceleration ability is typically assessed by analyzing shorter distances (e.g., 5 to 10 m), late acceleration by considering intermediate distances (e.g., 20 m), and maximum speed by covering longer distances (e.g., 30 to 40 m). Meanwhile, commonly used indicators of running speed performance include the time taken to cover a given distance (referred to as split times) or the maximum sprinting speed (MSS) achieved during the selected distance [5].  
As an alternative to valid and reliable split times of electronic timing gates (TG) [5; 6; 7], Global Position System (GPS) devices have been employed for speed performance assessment in team sports [8; 9]. These devices are more practical compared to TG, as GPS does not necessitate time-consuming setup and rigorous measurement protocols, which is particularly advantageous when measuring a large number of athletes regularly [10; 11]. However, the validity of GPS for assessing sprint performance was initially questioned due to several factors [9; 12], and recent studies show discrepancies in the validity and reliability of the most accurate 16-20 Hz GPS devices [9; 13; 14]. In particular, there is a lack of information on the validity and reliability of assessing speed performance using GPS when performing more complex types of sprints, such as the CS.  
Considering that the use of GPS for the assessment of speed performance in team sports could simplify testing procedures, the main objective of our study was to examine the feasibility of a commercially available GPEXE It for the assessment of split times (10, 20, and 30 m) and MSS in both LS and CS. The intrasession reliability and validity of split times and MSS measured with the GPEXE It were calculated and compared to corrected values obtained with the single-beam TG. We hypothesized that the GPEXE It would provide split times and MSS with acceptable-to-high reliability in CS and LS. Furthermore, we anticipated comparable validity for LS and CS, with more valid variables associated with longer distances [5; 14].
## 5 Results and Analysis
### Performance Analysis of Different Semantic Segmentation Models  
This study compares and analyzes five popular semantic segmentation models, namely, VGG16-UNet, Res-UNet, DeepLabv3+, PSPNet, and HRNet, to evaluate their performance in segmenting tomato plant images, as shown in Table 1. According to Table 1, UNet models with VGG16 and ResNet architectures outperform others in terms of both MIoU and mPA. This superiority indicates their effectiveness in segmenting tomato plant images. Consequently, VGG16-UNet and Res-UNet are selected as the baseline models for further research and optimization.
# Q-LBR: Q-Learning Based Load Balancing Routing for UAV-Assisted VANET
## 1 Introduction
Q-LBR adjusts the reward value based on the URN load and ground network congestion. 4. We implemented the Q-LBR on a network-level simulator using the Riverbed Modeler (formerly OPNET) and experimentally evaluated its performance. Our evaluation results showed that Q-LBR achieved a significantly better packet delivery ratio (PDR) and network utilization and latency according to the traffic load conditions than existing algorithms and Q-LBR without Q-learning.
## 3 Results and Discussion
### Safety Predictive Toolkit Model
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Variable** & \multicolumn{4}{c}{**Gain (Percentage)**} & \multicolumn{4}{c}{**Lift**} \\ \hline Data Point in percentage & 10 & 30 & 50 & 70 & 100 & 10 & 30 & 50 & 70 & 100 \\ \hline Under 17 & 22 & 67 & 96 & 98 & 100 & 2.2 & 2.2 & 1.9 & 1.4 & 1 \\ \hline
17–24 & 58 & 92 & 95 & 98 & 100 & 5.8 & 3 & 1.9 & 1.4 & 1 \\ \hline
25–34 & 63 & 91 & 95 & 98 & 100 & 6.3 & 3 & 1.9 & 1.4 & 1 \\ \hline
35–44 & 82 & 93 & 96 & 99 & 100 & 8.2 & 3.1 & 1.9 & 1.4 & 1 \\ \hline
55–64 & 88 & 92 & 95 & 98 & 100 & 8.8 & 3 & 1.9 & 1.4 & 1 \\ \hline Over 65 & 80 & 82 & 92 & 100 & 100 & 8 & 2.7 & 1.8 & 1.4 & 1 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 4: The gain and lift values for output variables. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c} \hline \hline
**Variable** & **AUROC** & **Variable** & **AUROC** \\ \hline \textless{}17 & 0.97 & 17–24 & 0.95 \\ \hline
25–34 & 0.95 & 35–44 & 0.95 \\ \hline
45–54 & 0.95 & 55–64 & 0.95 \\ \hline \textgreater{}65 & 0.91 & Average & 0.95 \\ \hline St. Dev & 0.02 & Median & 0.95 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 5: The output variables’ area under the receiver operating curve (AUROC). In the current literature, models are primarily probability-based, with very few works exploring the scope outside the traditional statistical framework (see [21]). The gain and lift charts evaluate the created model's ability to distinguish itself from a non-model, i.e., a probabilistic approach (baseline scenario). Such analysis helps promote and justify using a complex modelling framework, as proposed in this work. Through the gain, lift charts (Figure 2), and the corresponding values (Table 5), it can be concluded that the field of safety modelling can be improved significantly by shifting to the proposed hybrid methodology. This can result in toolkits promoting cycling as a means of transportation. All the expected outcomes in the gain table are greater than the baseline scenario of 45 degrees, showing the adequacy of the proposed model. The lift chart reflects this; for example, at a 10% data interval, the lift for the \(<\)17, 17-24, 25-34, 35-44, 55-64, and over 65 age groups are 2.2, 5.8, 6.3, 8.2, 8.8, and 8, respectively. This leads to the conclusion that the constructed safety performance functions are tailored to the specific demands of cyclists. For modelling, the present framework does not require past crash data. Once the model is built, the numerous input variables of infrastructural, geographical, human, and environmental factors may be used directly to model safety. It can be used for the infrastructure still in the planning and design stages.
## Results and Discussion
### Phenols and Sensory Attributes  
In all of the investigated EVOO samples, 13 phenols were identified and quantified (Table 3) while using a wavelength of 310 nm for vanillin and _p_-coumaric acid, while the wavelength was 280 nm for all other compounds. Moreover, the molecular ions of each compound were used to confirm the identification of the analytes. Generally, the most abundant was _p_-HPEA-EDA, followed by 3,4-DHPEA-EDA I, 3,4-DHPEA-EA, _p_-HPEA-EA, and OH-tyrosol. Interestingly, a statistically significant difference was only found for a few phenols: lignans, such as pinoresinol and acetoxypinoresinol, were characteristic for the monovarietal PDO EVOOs, while the commercial-blended group was distinguished by higher amount of _p_-HPEA-EDA. The reduced data matrix that was obtained through HPLC-DAD-ESI/MS quantitative analysis (the phenols with 0.05 \(<\)_p_ and 0.05 \(<\)_p_\(<\)0.10) was subjected to PCA (Figure 4). The two classes of EVOO samples were clearly separated in the score plot (Figure 4a). The commercial-blended ones  
Figure 3: (**a**) Separation of olive oils sold as extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) in Italy according to the origin of purchase in two-dimensional space defined by the first two principal components, PC1 and PC2. Green cycles represent monovarietal PDO EVOO purchased on family farms, while violet rhombs represent commercial-blended EVOO purchased in supermarkets (**b**) Factor loadings of selected variables, i.e., concentrations of volatile aroma compounds and intensities of sensory attributes, obtained by GC\(\times\)GC-TOF-MS and sensory analyses, respectively, on PC1 and PC2.  
appeared to be relatively homogeneous in terms of phenol composition, since they were grouped rather close in the center of the plot. Monovarietal PDO EVOO samples were scattered in all four quadrants of the Carthesian plane, which indicated a higher degree of diversity. This was even more obvious when all of the phenols were included as variables, resulting with an additional separation of three-sample clusters of particular monovarietal EVOO in PCA representation (Figure S1). Positive sensory descriptors that were partly related to the EVOO taste, such as harmony and persistency, were characteristic for monovarietal PDO EVOOs (Figure 4), although there was no evidence that the phenols were responsible for that. In fact, for the intensities of attributes that are known to directly originate from phenols, such as bitterness, pungency, and astringency, no notable differences were observed between the two groups of EVOO samples. This result is not completely in accordance with the findings from [PERSON] et al. (2018)[PERSON] et al. (2018), who found high-priced EVOO to be more abundant in the majority of phenols, including secoiridoids, and characterized by higher intensities of bitterness and pungency in relation to EVOO samples of low price.
# Effect of Seawater Irrigation on the Sugars, Organic Acids, and Volatiles in 'Reliance' Grape
###### Abstract  
Ongoing climate change in recent decades exacerbated the decline in agricultural water use, and seawater irrigation could feasibly alleviate the shortage of water resources, which restricts viticulture in some countries. However, studies on the effects of seawater irrigation on grape volatiles are limited. Herein, 'Reliance' grapevines were irrigated with diluted seawater (10% concentrations) in the field since the pea-size berry stage (S1), stage EL 32 (S2), and the pre-version period (S3) every seven days. Results showed irrigation with seawater significantly increased the sugar content and decreased the organic acids when compared with the control berries. Seawater irrigation did not induce secondary soil salinization, and it enhanced the volatiles in the fatty acid and isoprene pathways without affecting the amino acid pathway aroma. More terpen were found in seawater-treated berries, including citronello, \(\beta\)-myrcrene, \(\alpha\)-terpineol, and trans-rose oxide. Gene profiling by RT-qPCR analysis revealed that \(V\)_vLOXA_ could be the primary gene in C6 volatile biosynthesis altered by the seawater. Moreover, seawater irrigation during the pea-size period had the best effect on fruit quality. This work adds to our understanding of the effect of seawater irrigation on grape aroma quality and provides a sufficient basis for the utilization of seawater in vineyards.  
irrigation; volatile composition; soil +
Footnote †: journal:  
* [2022] 2022, 8, 248. [[https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulture8030248](https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulture8030248)]([https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulture8030248](https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulture8030248))
## 3 Health Score Correction Based on the Reliability Model
### Commonly Used Failure Distribution Curves
#### 3.2.3 Exponential Distribution  
The expression for the failure probability density \(f(t)\) is as follows:  
\[f(t)=\lambda e^{-\lambda t} \tag{34}\]  
where \(\lambda\) represents the core parameter describing the failure rate, which determines the distribution shape of the exponential distribution's probability density curve.  
The expression for the failure distribution curve \(F(t)\) is as follows:  
\[F(t)=1-e^{-\lambda t} \tag{35}\]  
The expression for the reliability \(R(t)\) is as follows:  
\[R(t)=e^{-\lambda t} \tag{36}\]  
The expression for the failure rate \(\lambda(t)\) is as follows:  
\[\lambda(t)=\frac{f(t)}{R(t)}=\lambda \tag{37}\]  
The failure rate \(\lambda\) of the exponential distribution is a constant, indicating that the probability of a device failing within a future time period is independent of how long it has already been in operation, thus exhibiting the \"memoryless\" property.
## 1 Introduction
BESSs have a great potential to help with the power quality improvement in many aspects such as peak shaving, overvoltage mitigation, and voltage unbalance mitigation [13; 14; 15; 16; 17]. In addition to that, BESS are capable of providing fast transient response during fast solar irradiance change and dips [18]. Feeder loss reduction in unbalanced LV grids is reported in [19; 20]. Despite these great qualities, BESSs have their own power limitations, which have to be considered when integrated in DERs [21]. Furthermore, they can represent a substantial cost to the total system and sometimes it is hard to make a good business case and attract prosumers to invest in storage and provide ancillary services [22; 23; 24; 25]. This article investigates the performance of different control strategies, where the voltage control is implemented by means of active power drooping and reactive power exchange. These strategies are combined with the classical positive-sequence control strategy. In order to address the voltage unbalance, active power drooping is implemented in the three-phase damping control strategy. The later one is capable of mitigating the voltage unbalance by acting resistively towards the zero- and negative-sequence voltage components. The impact on the power quality, injected annual energy and grid performance are used as key performance indicators of the examined control strategies as well as their combinations for their potential to provide ancillary services to the DSO. The remainder of the article is organized as follows. In Section 2, a detailed description of the active power drooping, reactive power voltage control is given as well as an overview of the mathematical models of the positive-sequence and the three-phase damping control strategies. In Section 3, the used simulation platform is described together with the LV grid and input data. In this section, the obtained simulation results of the different control strategies are presented. Finally, in Section 4, the conclusions are drawn.
# A Usable Encryption Solution for File-Based Geospatial Data within a Database File System
## 6 Discussion
### Usability Analysis
#### 6.3.2 Effectiveness and User Satisfaction Analysis  
The _effectiveness_ of the security solution was confirmed based on no user errors detected during the usability testing. This highlights that there are no weaknesses in the design of the security solution. Similarly, _user satisfaction_ was established based on respondents' responses to the single question about the overall ease of use of the encryption solution. Success in both of these aspects was largely due to the security solution's simplistic design.  
Our encryption solution makes little changes to how users work with various GIS applications and protocol services in the enterprise. For instance, mapping to a shared drive remains the same, while subsequent decryption and later encryption are carried out automatically in the background. The scheme enables simple specification of single-user and multi-user spatial files that require decryption and encryption when privileged users login and logout from the DBFS, respectively. End users specify single-user files by adding a file extension, which can be performed using any GIS application or protocol service. For specifying users who need access to multi-user spatial files that need encryption, the administrators issue an SQL command to add users to a list. Furthermore, file decryption and encryption processes take place automatically when spatial end-users access and exit the DBFS, respectively, hiding these from the user.  
Compared to how users currently work with the various protocol services (e.g., shared folders) in enterprise GIS environments, the only additional task is to specify (single-user and multi-user) files to be encrypted. This step was demonstrated in screenshots: Figures 3 and 4 and those in Supplementary Materials online. Since this specification is the only change and is a small but necessary step for users in any encryption solution, we did not investigate the _user satisfaction_ aspect more deeply but confirmed it through responses received from respondents. The ease of specification, together with the automated encryption-decryption model, makes the solution easy to use, potentially resulting in increased uptake.  
In this manner, remote end users do not have to use sophisticated software to encrypt and decrypt sensitive files, and the solution is usable on all common protocol services that are used for GIS, which are shipped with ECMSDK. The GIS mapping and spatial analysis subsystems are kept independent of the storage security solution; thus, they require little or no changes to existing applications used in enterprise GIS and how users interact with the solution. Given that the encryption solution overcomes several issues that had previously limited encryption for spatial files, it will encourage its deployment, benefiting the necessary protection of valuable spatial files during storage.
# Design and Validation of a U-Net-Based Algorithm for Star Sensor Image Segmentation
## 2 Materials and Methods
### Traditional Image Processing Algorithms Description  
In this framework, several traditional algorithms for image segmentation were selected for comparison with the AI-based proposed algorithm. In the following, five algorithms are considered. They are based on [PERSON]'s method, [PERSON]'s method, the weighted iterative threshold approach (WIT) [1] and two local threshold (LT) approaches.
# Topology of the World Tourism Web
## 3 Results and Discussion
### Does the Tourism Network Behave as a Social or Technological Network?
#### 3.2.8 Structural Holes  
Conducted analysis has not revealed structural holes between communities. While some communities are more connected to others, they are all connected sufficiently enough to discourage structural holes' creation. There are nodes with fewer connections that are interpreted as isolated, but such interpretation is limited by the lack of data. Despite the lack of data, the nodes that appear only as a source also find their position in the communities. As none of the isolated nodes reveals important bridging properties, no structural holes can be identified.  
The presented analysis of topological properties of the network shows the recent network condition, and a comparison with previous research sheds light on the tourism dynamics on the global scale.  
It can be concluded that the tourism network shows mixed properties. In some parts, it behaves as a social network, while in other parts, it exhibits characteristics usually expected in technological or biological networks. This is encouraging due to the properties of such networks: stability against disturbance and the possibility of self-recovery.
# Artificial Intelligence in Ophthalmology: Advantages and Limits
## 4 Representative Areas of Application of AI in Ophthalmology
### Artificial Intelligence and Cataract
#### 4.1.5 AI and Post-Operative Care: Quality of Life (QoL)  
Smartphone-integrated and AI-based Unified Healthcare Systems are currently being tested [72]. For example, the CC-Guardian platform provides management for congenital cataract patients. These individuals are at risk of the two most common types of complications: elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) and visual axis opacification (VAO).  
The system has three modules: (1) The prognosis mode to detect the risk; (2) The mode of schedule/dispatch to plan further visits if risk is detected; (3) Telehealth mode for intervention decisions according to those further visits.  
The training set comprised clinical records of 594 congenital cataract patients and 4881 images of follow-up (2615 follow-ups, 2266 interventions).  
Confirmation was performed on 142 patients with clinical records (61 VAO, 81 non-VAO; 79 high IOP, 63 normal) and 1220 follow-up images (671 follow-ups, 549 interventions). Diagnostic references were made through expert team assessment. As for performance indices, the authors reported an AUC of 0.991 for VAO and 0.979 for high IOP. For the telehealth application, the AUC was 0.996.  
The researchers also carried out a cost-effectiveness study in another self-controlled trial with 198 patients (93 VOA, 105 high IOP). Precision in this group was 96.8% for VAO and 96.2% for elevated IOP. Another study showed that patients had 1579 telemedicine visits (instead of 987 remote visits), decreased travel by 928.6 miles/year, and reduced expenditures of 1324 USD/year.  
These outcomes are an eloquent example of the significant effect of new healthcare paradigms on existing standards of care. Yet, this method may not perform as well in certain ethnic groups, and the study design is certainly adaptable for regional use. Similar analyses will be very important in organizing the long-term security and reliability of AI-powered methods for public healthcare in clinical practice.