## 4 Discussion  
This study provides the first comprehensive assessment of how climate change may influence pesticide use on golf courses in Quebec, utilizing projections from both CMIP5 (CanESM2) and CMIP6 (CanESM5) models. Unlike previous studies that focused primarily on agricultural settings [40], this research highlights the impact of climate projections specifically on golf courses, a critical area of recreational management. No other studies have specifically examined the relationship between climate change and pesticide use in golf courses within this region. Thus, these findings are particularly significant for local stakeholders such as golf course managers, policymakers, and environmental planners who are directly involved in pest management and sustainable agriculture. Significant differences in temperature and precipitation projections were observed between the two models, which directly translated into variations in pesticide application needs. CanESM5 projected higher temperatures and more moderate declines in precipitation compared to CanESM2, which is consistent with findings from previous studies in the literature [33; 41; 42]. Moreover, it confirms that the CanESM5 model predicts conditions that would likely increase pest pressures on turfgrass. This is consistent with global studies, such as [PERSON] et al. [24], who observed more pronounced warming patterns in CMIP6 models across Canada, further validating the trend observed in our research. These climate variations are crucial, as higher temperatures are associated with increased pest pressures, increasing pesticide application rates. This aligns with broader research that links rising temperatures to heightened pest activity [43; 44], thus emphasizing the heightened urgency for adaptive management strategies specific to the Quebec region [42; 43]. However, the application of this knowledge specifically to golf courses in Quebec had not been explored before, making our findings novel in this context. Although this study is the first for Quebec's golf courses, the results align with global trends seen in climate change research. For example, global agricultural studies often demonstrate the strong influence of temperature on pest proliferation [45; 46], which is a similar pattern observed in our study but within a recreational setting. This highlights the importance of addressing both agricultural and non-agricultural pest management when considering climate impacts. Other studies comparing CMIP5 and CMIP6 have demonstrated similar patterns, where CMIP6 projections tend to predict more intense temperature increases. For example, our findings parallel [PERSON] et al. [24], where CMIP6 models projected more extreme warming across Canada. This reinforces the likelihood that the higher temperatures projected by CanESM5 will exacerbate pest issues on golf courses. In contrast to global agricultural studies that often focus on crops, this research makes a critical contribution by filling a gap in understanding pesticide use in a recreational context. The unique environmental conditions of Quebec, including the region's specific pest challenges and pesticide regulations, make this research particularly relevant. For instance, under Quebec's pesticide reduction regulations, golf courses are already required to monitor and reduce pesticide usage. However, the projections in this study suggest that these reduction targets could become more difficult to achieve as pest pressures rise due to climate change. Specifically, the findings highlight that pest pressure will likely increase, increasing pesticide use even more despite existing regulations. The augmented need for pesticide use, as projected in this study, could have several significant impacts. Our analysis reveals that increased pesticide application, driven by climate-related pest pressures, may lead to heightened environmental risks.