## 3 Literature Review
### Determining Information Required to Create a Fake Account
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c c c c c} \hline \hline  & \multicolumn{4}{c}{**Website Category**} & \multicolumn{4}{c}{**Example Items**} & **Notes** & **Acronym** \\ \hline
1 & Identification Required & Investment Brokerages, Banks, Gambling Websites, Insurance Brokers & Websites or organizations that require an individual to provide identification numbers such as social security or tax identification numbers and/or websites that require an individual to upload a driver’s license or passport documents. & ID \\ \hline
2 & Social Media & Instagram, Facebook, Twitter, Snapchat, etc. & Social media websites that require an individual to create an account to engage in sharing and interaction of content on the platform. & SM \\ \hline
3 & Streaming & Netflix, Hulu, HBO, YoutubeTV, Peacock, etc. & Websites and companies that require an individual to pay a fee regularly to engage with and watch content on the platform. & SW \\ \hline
4 & Online Shopping & Amazon, eBay, Home Depot, Nordstrom, H\&M, etc. & Websites that allow users to purchase goods and services but require an individual to provide a shipping destination and payment method. & OS \\ \hline
5 & Paywall & New York Times, Wall Street Journal, The Washington Post, etc. & Websites that allow a user to view content after making an account and providing a payment method. & OS \\ \hline
6 & Blogs and Chat Boards & Reddit, Discord, Quora & Websites that allow many individuals to engage with each other and browse/share content & BL \\ \hline
7 & Email and Online Communication & Gmail, Outlook, etc. & Websites that allow a user to create and utilize an e-mail platform to communicate with individuals and groups. & E \\ \hline
8 & Free Access & Wikipedia, Encyclopedia, News Websites, etc. & Websites that allow users to read and see content and information without the requirement of creating an account to do so. & EA \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 2: Digital identity characteristics (categories in gray blocks) and their required usage across various accounts on the internet. The internet application categories, from left to right, are News Websites and Wikipedias, E-mail and Online Communications, Blogs and Chat Boards, Paywall Websites, Online Shopping Platforms, Streaming and Content websites, Social Media Websites, and Investment, Gambling, or Insurance websites. A full circle symbolizes that the characteristic is always required or mandatory for creating an account within that domain. A partially filled circle indicates that the characteristic is sometimes required or an optional input field. Finally, an empty circle represents that the characteristic is seldom used to create an account within that domain. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c c c c} \hline \hline  & \multicolumn{10}{c}{**InternetApplications**} \\ \hline
**Characteristic** & **FA** & E & BL & PW & OS & SW & SM & ID & **Relevant Citations** \\ \hline
**Sensitive PII** & & & & & & & & & & \\ \hline Education & O & O & O & O & O & O & O & O & [61, 62] \\ \hline Email Address & O & O & O & O & O & O & O & O & [23, 63, 64, 65] \\ \hline Employer & O & O & O & O & O & O & O & O & [61, 66, 67] \\ \hline Gender & O & O & O & O & O & O & O & O & [23, 62, 68, 69, 70] \\ \hline Name & O & O & O & O & O & O & O & O & [61, 67, 71, 72, 73] \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 1: Internet Applications and Their Defining Characteristics Required for Account Creation. Table 2 provides a mapping of various characteristics that compose an online profile for an individual to the various internet applications that require that characteristic. The characteristic column consists of all account characteristics that were present in the privacy and fake account detection works reviewed in the literature survey. Characteristics range from non-digital identifying information such as name, birth date, and social security number to digital identifying information such as username, email, and phone number.