## 2 Materials and Methods
### Experimental Setup and Growth Conditions
#### 2.1.2 Experiment 2 (2021)  
In summer 2021, a second study was conducted to compare the fruit quality of Pisanello tomatoes with Goldman F1 hybrid tomatoes grown in soil. Moreover, Pisanello tomatoes grown using different soilless techniques (rockwood soilless cultivation and aeroponic cultivation) were also compared and analysed.  
In aeroponic cultivation, tomato plants were positioned within modified plastic boxes where the nutrient solution was sprayed on the root zone using the same recipe utilized for the cultivation in rockwood. Each tomato plant was contained within a polystyrene panel that was close to the top of each plastic box. The roots of the plants developed inside the aeroponic system, and were kept wet by the nutrient solution activated by an intermittent pump connected to a collection tank filled with the nutritional solution. Transplantation in the aeroponic system took place in the same period for soilless rockwood tomatoes using the nutrient solution, as described by [PERSON] et al. [27]. The average air temperature for the soilless cultivations throughout the cultivation cycle was 25.2 \({}^{\circ}\)C (T\({}_{\text{min}}\) = 18.4 \({}^{\circ}\)C and T\({}_{\text{max}}\) = 31.8 \({}^{\circ}\)C), while the average relative humidity was approximately 58.3% (RH\({}_{\text{min}}\) = 27.3% and RH\({}_{\text{max}}\) = 84.0%). The daily global radiation was 12.20 MJm\({}^{-2}\), with a minimum of 2.27 MJm\({}^{-2}\) and a maximum of 17.85 MJm\({}^{-2}\) inside the greenhouse.  
Pisanello and Goldmar F1 tomatoes were soil-grown in a multitunnel plastic greenhouse with a metal structure and a single plastic film covering, reaching an approximate 4 m height. The mean air temperature during the cultivation cycle at Livorno 2 farm was 25.9 \({}^{\circ}\)C (T\({}_{\text{min}}\) = 16.3 \({}^{\circ}\)C and T\({}_{\text{max}}\) = 34.3 \({}^{\circ}\)C), and the mean relative humidity was about 64.1% (RH\({}_{\text{min}}\) = 32.8% and RH\({}_{\text{max}}\) = 89.3%). The average daily inside global radiation was 13.70 MJm\({}^{-2}\) (GR\({}_{\text{min}}\) = 2.81 MJm\({}^{-2}\) and GR\({}_{\text{max}}\) = 19.67 MJm\({}^{-2}\)).  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c c} \hline \hline \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Farm Site**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Livorno 1**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Lucca 1**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Lucca 2**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Pisa 1**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Livorno 2**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Pisa 2**} \\ \hline \multicolumn{2}{c}{Cultivation system} & Soilless & Soilless & Soilless & Soil & Soil & Soil & Soil \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{Cultivation cycle} & Transplant & \multirow{2}{*}{1–5/2} & \multirow{2}{*}{1–7/2} & \multirow{2}{*}{1–7/2} & \multirow{2}{*}{1–5/3} & \multirow{2}{*}{20–25/2} & \multirow{2}{*}{10–15/5} \\  & (date/month) & & & & & & \\ \cline{1-1} \cline{4-10}  & Harvest started & \multirow{2}{*}{10–15/5} & \multirow{2}{*}{10–15/5} & \multirow{2}{*}{10–15/5} & \multirow{2}{*}{20–25/5} & \multirow{2}{*}{15–20/5} & \multirow{2}{*}{10–15/7} \\  & (date/month) & & & & & & \\ \cline{1-1} \cline{4-10}  & Harvest finished & \multirow{2}{*}{31/8} & \multirow{2}{*}{31/8} & \multirow{2}{*}{15/8} & \multirow{2}{*}{15/8} & \multirow{2}{*}{30/9} \\  & (date/month) & & & & & & \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}
Table 1: General information about the cultivation of Pisanello tomatoes grown on different farms in Tuscany in soilless and soil systems during spring/summer 2020 (harvested in July 2020).  
For this investigation, only tomato fruit harvested from the 4 th-6 th trusses in July 2021 were analysed. Different analyses were carried out, including organoleptic and nutraceuticalial analysis, as well as sensory profile evaluation.