## 6 Results
### The Effect of Ambient Air Temperature  
The ambient air temperature plays a significant role in modulating the heat transfer processes occurring in the breast tissue. Understanding the relationship between ambient air temperature and skin surface temperature variations is important for accurate thermographic interpretations. A range of ambient air temperatures, ranging from 18 \({}^{\circ}\)C to 29 \({}^{\circ}\)C, was selected for the study. The temperature variations from the healthy breast were recorded for each breast size and depth. The ambient air temperature rates were calculated based on the temperature variations and the known values of the skin surface temperature. Table 11 presents the measured skin surface temperatures and the corresponding temperature variations from the healthy breast for each breast size and depth at different \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c} \hline \hline  & \multicolumn{4}{c}{**(a)**} \\ \hline  & \multicolumn{3}{c}{**Skin surface temperature \({}^{\circ}\)C**} & \multicolumn{3}{c}{**Temperature variations from healthy breast \({}^{\circ}\)C**} \\ \hline  & \multicolumn{3}{c}{**Breast size**} \\ \hline h W/m\({}^{2}\)K & 7.5 cm & 10 cm & 17 cm & 7.5 cm & 10 cm & 17 cm \\ \hline Healthy & 33.35 & 33.35 & 33.35 & & & \\ \hline
0.4 & 34.29 & 34.28 & 34.27 & 0.94 (2.82\%) & 0.93 (2.79\%) & 0.92 (2.76\%) \\ \hline
5 & 34.35 & 34.34 & 34.33 & 1 (3\%) & 0.99 (2.97\%) & 0.98 (2.94\%) \\ \hline
11 & 34.42 & 34.41 & 34.4 & 1.07 (3.21\%) & 1.06 (3.18\%) & 1.05 (3.15\%) \\ \hline  & \multicolumn{3}{c}{**(b)**} \\ \hline  & \multicolumn{3}{c}{**Skin surface temperature \({}^{\circ}\)C**} & \multicolumn{3}{c}{**Temperature variations from healthy breast \({}^{\circ}\)C**} \\ \hline  & \multicolumn{3}{c}{**Breast size**} & \multicolumn{3}{c}{**Breast size**} \\ \hline h W/m\({}^{2}\)K & 7.5 cm & 10 cm & 17 cm & 7.5 cm & 10 cm & 17 cm \\ \hline Healthy & 33.35 & 33.35 & 33.35 & & & \\ \hline
0.4 & 34.12 & 34.11 & 34.1 & 0.77 (2.31\%) & 0.76 (2.28\%) & 0.75 (2.25\%) \\ \hline
5 & 34.19 & 34.18 & 34.17 & 0.84 (2.52\%) & 0.83 (2.49\%) & 0.82 (2.46\%) \\ \hline
11 & 34.26 & 34.25 & 34.24 & 0.91 (2.73\%) & 0.9 (2.7\%) & 0.89 (2.66\%) \\ \hline  & \multicolumn{3}{c}{**(c)**} \\ \hline  & \multicolumn{3}{c}{**Skin surface temperature \({}^{\circ}\)C**} & \multicolumn{3}{c}{**Temperature variations from healthy breast \({}^{\circ}\)C**} \\ \hline  & \multicolumn{3}{c}{**Breast size**} & \multicolumn{3}{c}{**Breast size**} \\ \hline h W/m\({}^{2}\)K & 7.5 cm & 10 cm & 17 cm & 7.5 cm & 10 cm & 17 cm \\ \hline Healthy & 33.35 & 33.35 & 33.35 & & & \\ \hline
0.4 & NA & 33.35 & 33.35 & NA & 0(0\%) & 0(0\%) \\ \hline
5 & NA & 33.38 & 33.37 & NA & 0(0.09\%) & 0(0.06\%) \\ \hline
11 & NA & 34.45 & 34.44 & NA & 1.1 (3.3\%) & 1.09 (3.26\%) \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 10: (a) Heat convection coefficient rate (T1 depth), (b) heat convection coefficient rate (T3 depth), and (c) heat convection coefficient rate (T9 depth). ambient air temperatures. The ambient air temperature rates were calculated based on these temperature variations. At T1 depth, the ambient air temperature rates ranged from 18 \({}^{\circ}\)C to 29 \({}^{\circ}\)C. As the ambient air temperature increased, the skin surface temperature variations also increased. For instance, at an ambient air temperature of 22 \({}^{\circ}\)C, the temperature variations were 1 \({}^{\circ}\)C, 0.99 \({}^{\circ}\)C, and 0.98 \({}^{\circ}\)C for 7.5 cm, 10 cm, and 17 cm depths, respectively. Similarly, at T3 depth, the ambient air temperature rates ranged from 18 \({}^{\circ}\)C to 29 \({}^{\circ}\)C. The rates showed a consistent increase with higher ambient air temperatures. For an ambient air temperature of 29 \({}^{\circ}\)C, the temperature variations were 0.77 \({}^{\circ}\)C, 0.76 \({}^{\circ}\)C, and 0.75 \({}^{\circ}\)C for 7.5 cm, 10 cm, and 17 cm depths, respectively.