## 4 Discussion
### Prospects for Monitoring Ecological Functions of the GGP  
The elements and ecological processes of GGP forest ecosystems are spatially unevenly distributed with complex and variable spatio-temporal sequences. Human activities and their interactions with the ecosystem are characterized by spatial heterogeneity in distribution, resulting in significant spatial heterogeneity in their ecological functions. The ecological function monitoring network of GGP provides the possibility to accurately quantify the spatially heterogeneous characteristics of GGP ecological benefits, which is important for revealing the GGP spatial and temporal variations of ecological benefits and the formulation of vegetation restoration measures and high-quality development policies. In addition, realizing the accurate quantification of GGP eco-efficiency heterogeneity isconductive to local adaptation, differentiated policy application, and classification guidance, in-depth promotion of GGP high-quality development, accurate assessment of regional GGP construction effectiveness, accelerating the transformation of green mountains into golden mountains, and helping ecological poverty alleviation and rural revitalization.  
In addition, the GGP ecological function monitoring zone plan divides the national GGP implementation area into heterogeneous ecological monitoring unit zones based on vegetation, climate, soil, and typical ecological zones, which provides the basic boundary range for monitoring the ecological function benefits of GGP in typical ecological zones. The layout of the GGP ecological function monitoring network is based on the priority layout principle of typical ecological zones, which ensures the availability of GGP ecological parameters in typical ecological zones. The layout of the GGP ecological function monitoring network is based on prioritizing the layout of typical ecological zones, ensuring the availability of GGP ecological parameters in typical ecological zones. Thus, it is possible to carry out precise monitoring of ecological function benefits in typical ecological areas, plan and implement GGP according to local conditions in response to the outstanding ecological problems in typical ecological areas and effectively improve the ecological environment problems in typical ecological areas.  
GGP plays a significant ecological function in improving global forest cover and plays a vital role in improving the ecological environment and mitigating climate change. China's 14 th Five-Year Plan puts forward the major strategic decision of striving to achieve a carbon peak by 2030 and carbon neutrality by 2060. Currently, the GGP is in a critical period of consolidating achievements, improving quality and efficiency, and establishing a long-term mechanism with great potential for carbon neutrality. Based on the GGP ecological function monitoring network, we can carry out the monitoring of the neutral carbon capacity of GGP, grasp the characteristics of the spatial and temporal dynamics of its carbon sequestration capacity, formulate measures for the precise enhancement of GGP carbon sinks, establish a positive feedback mechanism between policy and carbon sink enhancement, and better play the role of GGP in the process of carbon neutralization.