# Obtaining Various Shapes of Machined Surface Using a Tool with a Multi-Insert Cutting Edge
## 4 Summary and Conclusions  
The innovative design of a universal form tool for surface machining based on elementary shapes of the surface profiles is presented in this paper. The presented tools are innovative and are patented [39; 43]. The shape of the multi-insert tool can be quickly adjusted by manipulating the order and the type of the single inserts. This idea can be applied to the machining of both axisymmetric and planar surfaces using turning and milling, respectively. The application of the tool in turning and milling operations is presented with examples of achievable profiles. The proposed solution of form tool design with multi-insert configurations is capable of machining a large number of different surface shapes with a limited number of single edges. The following conclusions can be formulated:  
* An addition to an array of GKF tools, this tool permits the replacement of a few fixed geometric tools with a multi-insert- cutting edge tool. The feature may be particularly important for flexible production in small series. The use of this tool type can reduce the cost of tool manufacturing required in traditional form tool designs. * A special feature of the proposed tools is the ability to obtain many different profiles using a small number of single inserts with other profiles. A working prototype was tested under practical working conditions, in both turning and milling. Figure 6: View of (**a**) the multi-insert cutter prototype and (**b**) the inserts (geometry of the cutting edge for each part from left to right (axial feed): \(k_{r}=90^{\circ}\), \(k_{r}=45^{\circ}\), \(k_{r}=45^{\circ}\), \(k_{r}=45^{\circ}\), \(\epsilon_{r}=90^{\circ}\), \(k_{r}\)\({}^{/}\!\!/=45^{\circ}\), \(r_{e}=5\) mm, and \(r_{e}=-5\) mm); (**c**) examples of 12 shaped surfaces machined with the proposed universal multi-insert profile-cutter. * The given equation allows for prediction of the number of different profiles using several components of a multi-insert tool. * Virtual modeling of the tool was extensively used during the design process of the tool. These CAD models entail the opportunity for virtual analysis of the model prior to physical testing. This feature is especially important in the case of GKF tools, where it is possible to change the form of tools and adjust or replace single edges after visualizing the resulting surface profile without any need for physical tests. * The _Tool_Shape_ software can generate an outline and provide the settings for single inserts for the proposed tool solutions for both turning and milling. * An example of machining using the presented innovative tool is presented with a multi-insert cutting edge. These tools can be used both for turning and milling. It is possible to use these tools in both the woodworking and machining of aluminum alloys. * In the cutting process using these tools, the range of the cutting speed effect on the wear of individual edges and the influence of cutting speed on the surface roughness could be found. * In turning, profile diameters along the turning axis are key in determining contact segments during machining. Offsets perpendicular to the axis of symmetry affect profile dimensions and can double the tool shape error. To increase the rake angle, it is advisable to cut above the axis. * In milling, shape errors still need to be investigated in future research. Definition of the contact points of machined material with compound multi-insert cutting edges is a problem. In case the tool's stiffness is insufficient, vibrations may occur resulting in poor surface quality. A multi-insert tool is particularly suitable for use in the furniture industry and can produce complex shapes by moving single inserts. Conceptualization, T.M., D.Y.P., and H.L. ; methodology, T.M., D.Y.P., and H.L. ; software, T.M. and H.L. ; validation, T.M. and T.P. ; formal analysis, T.M., H.L., and A.K. ; investigation, T.M., H.L. and A.K. ; data curation, M.K.G., T.M., H.L., and A.K. ; Writing--Original Draft preparation, M.K.G., T.M., D.Y.P., K.P., and A.K.