# Game Approach to HDR-TS-PV Hybrid Power System Dispatching
## 6 Conclusions  
For the grid-connection requirements of large-scale _PV_ plants, we first proposed the technical route of using _HDR_ power stations to provide reserves for _PV_ plants in this study. The operating characteristics of conventional _HDR_ power stations were analyzed, and a scheme for using _TS_ power stations to improve the operating flexibility of _HDR_ power stations was proposed. In this study, a hybrid power system consisting of an _HDR_ station, a _TS_ station, and a _PV_ plant was designed, and a coordinated dispatching method was provided based on game theory. First, taking _HDR_ power station, _TS_ power station, and _PV_ plant as players, the non-cooperative game model and the characteristic function game model of the hybrid power system dispatching were established. The optimization of the dispatching models describes the decision-making processes of the players.  
Consequently, the coordinated dispatching strategy of the players was obtained by calculating the optimal value of the payoff functions and the characteristic functions that can be transformed into linear optimization problems or mixed-integer linear optimization problems. The case analysis was based on actual data in the Gonghe Basin. The results show that only cooperation can maximize the overall payoff and the individual profits of the system. Due to heat loss, the _HDR_ power station cannot form a coalition with the \(PV\) plant alone, reflecting the significant role of the \(TS\) power station in the system. Finally, the sensitivity analysis of the allowed fluctuation rate and the penalty coefficient shows that they significantly influence the overall payoff of the system and the operating strategies of each player. However, the profits of the _HDR_ power station are not significantly affected by the two parameters, which reflects its stable characteristics. The main goal of \(PV\) plants in the cooperative game is to increase credible capacity and reduce the impact on the grid, and \(TS\) power station is the key to achieving extra profits for _HDR_ power station and \(PV\) plant. This study provides an essential theoretical basis for developing power generation systems based on _HDR_ geothermal energy in the Gonghe basin of Qinghai, China.  
One limitation of this study is that the grid topology and capacity constraints are simplified when constructing the game dispatching model and calculating the payoff allocation of the hybrid power system. The influence of the grid structure on the hybrid power system will be further investigated in future studies.  
Conceptualization, Y.S. and X.Z.; Formal analysis, Y.S.; Funding acquisition, X.Z. and T.Z.; Methodology, Y.S., L.C. and S.M.; Project administration, S.M.; Software, Y.S.; Supervision, S.M.; Validation, X.C. and T.Z.; Writing--original draft, Y.S. and S.M.; Writing--review and editing, Y.S., X.Z. and X.C. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.  
This research was funded by the Joint Fund Project of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (U1766203), the Basic Research Project of Qinghai Province (2020-ZJ-741).  
Not applicable.  
The data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author, [L.C.], upon reasonable request.  
The authors would like to thank [PERSON] and [PERSON] for very helpful discussions on the cooperative game, [PERSON] and [PERSON] for discussions on the _HDR_ geothermal generator model, [PERSON] and [PERSON] for suggestions on practical issues, [PERSON] for discussions on reviewer's comments.  
The authors declare no conflict of interest.