# Anisotropy and Directivity Effects on Uniaxial Compression of Carbonaceous Slate Form Jinman Mine
## 4 Conclusions  
The direction of stress loading and the bedding effect significantly impact strain and mechanical parameters. The deformation goes through compaction, elastic, damage accumulation, and failure stages, and there are significant differences in strain paths. The weak structural plane of the bedding controls the overall deformation when loaded perpendicular to a weak surface structure, showing a significant plastic deformation. The rock pillar effect weakens the axial deformation under parallel loading. The mechanical properties of grey and carbonaceous slate have significant discrete features. The variation coefficient of gray slate samples is characterized by the peak stress, expansion stress, and elastic modulus of 1.22, 1.35 and 0.69, respectively. The variation coefficient of the carbonaceous slate samples is characterized by the peak stress, expansion stress, and elastic modulus of 1.46, 1.38, and 0.71, respectively. The uniaxial compression mechanical properties of gray and circous slate under different loading conditions have significant and discrete characteristics. The variations of the carbonaceous samples are greater than those of the gray samples, and they show complex fracture patterns and uneven fracture patterns in macroscopic views. The discrete degree (\(K\)) is significantly related to the direction of stress loading and different types of slate structures. The AE response intensity of slate samples is related to the loading mode and slate type. A sudden increase in the AE cumulative ring number near the peak stress indicates instability and rupture, which can be used as a precursor of rock rupture. The failure patterns and fracture characteristics are significantly related to the slate structure. Slate samples under vertical loading and parallel loading conditions are dominated by shear fracture and tensile fracture, respectively. The peak strains of gray slate and circous slate are less than 1.00%, resulting in brittle failure. The SEM tests indicate that slate samples under parallel loading primarily incur tensile fracture compared with slate samples under vertical loading, and the fractured section has a smaller roughness; the scattered fractures and sections are smooth without protrusions or transcrystalline cracks. Methodology, Z.Z. ; Writing--original draft, Z.Z., Y.C., Z.S. and X.Y. ; writing--review & editing, Y.C. and Z.S. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript. This work was financially supported by the Guangxi Natural Science Foundation general project (Grant No. 2022 GXNSFAA035582), National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 52178393), Innovation Capacity Support Plan of Shaanxi Province (Grant No. 2020 TD--005), Talent Project of Beibu Gulf University (Grant No. KYQD2132017), and Science and Technology Innovation Project of China Railway Construction Bridge Engineering Bureau Group Co., Ltd. (Grant No. DQJ-2020-B07). Not applicable. The data used to support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon request. The authors declare no conflict of interest. * _[PERSON] et al. (2020)_ [PERSON]; [PERSON]; [PERSON]; [PERSON]; [PERSON] Waveform characterisation and energy dissipation of stress wave based on modified SHPB tests. _Geomech. Eng._**2020**, _22_, 187-196. [CrossRef]
* _[PERSON] et al. (2020)_ [PERSON]; [PERSON]; [PERSON]; [PERSON] Energy evolution principles of shock-wave in sandstone under unloading stress. _KSCE J. Civ. Eng._**2020**, _24_, 2912-2922. [CrossRef]
* _[PERSON] et al. (2021)_ [PERSON]; [PERSON]; [PERSON]; [PERSON]; [PERSON]; [PERSON]; [PERSON]; [PERSON] Mechanical behavior of coal under different mining rates: A case study from laboratory experiments to field testing. _Int. J. Min. Sci. Technol._**2021**, _31_, 825-841. [CrossRef]
* _[PERSON] et al. (2022)_ [PERSON]; [PERSON]; [PERSON]; [PERSON]; [PERSON]; [PERSON]; [PERSON]; [PERSON]; [PERSON] Discing behavior and mechanism of cores extracted from Songke-2 well at depths below 4500 m. _Int. J. Min. Sci.