## 1 Introduction  
In most cases, hot mix asphalt (HMA) is manufactured at a temperature ranging from 150 \({}^{\circ}\)C to 180 \({}^{\circ}\)C. A high production temperature is necessary to dry the aggregates, coat them with bitumen, and achieve the desired workability. However, carbon dioxide emissions associated with the production of HMA have become a serious concern due to the negative effects of these emissions on the environment. Accordingly, warm mix asphalt (WMA) has recently acquired salability because of its effective ability to reduce toxic emissions and contribute to the preservation of the environment. The main function of WMA is to produce asphalt mixes at temperatures ranging from 20 \({}^{\circ}\)C to 40 \({}^{\circ}\)C lower than HMA, at which time the materials are blended, compacted, and placed on roads. The decreased production temperature is attributed to warm-mix asphalt technologies such as chemical additives, organic additives, and foaming that reduces binder viscosity [1, 2]. Also, WMA decreases the energy required to produce asphalt mixes and provides a less harmful environment for workers and the areas surrounding asphalt mixing plants because its production process features reduced carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) emissions [3]. The production of WMA may decrease greenhouse emissions and energy consumption up to 40%, compared to the conventional asphalt mix [4]. [PERSON] [5] concluded that the fuel consumption is decreased by 2-3% for every 6 \({}^{\circ}\)C reduction to the production temperature. Similarly, [PERSON] et al. [6] reported that for every 10 \({}^{\circ}\)C decrease in mixing temperature, energy and CO2 are reduced by 5.5%. Furthermore, WMA technologies have minimized the influence of short- and long-term aging on the performance of the asphalt mix in comparison to HMA, due to the reduced oxidation of binders modified by WMA technologies [7; 8]. Industrial waste and by-product materials are utilized in pavement applications as an alternative for natural aggregates to contribute toward environmental sustainability. One of the common by-products used in pavement applications is electric arc furnace steel slag aggregate. The common use of steel slag aggregate is attributed to its superior mechanical properties. Many studies have investigated the suitability of utilizing steel slag aggregate in asphalt mixes. [PERSON] and [PERSON] [9] assessed the performance of the stone mastic asphalt (SMA) containing steel slag aggregate as a coarse portion. The findings of the study illustrated that utilizing steel slag aggregates in stone mastic asphalt improved the resilient modulus, Marshal stability, and tensile strength. [PERSON] et al. [10] noted that hot mix asphalt containing steel slag aggregate as a coarse portion showed higher Marshal stability, indirect tensile strength, and higher fatigue life in comparison to the control mix. These enhancements were attributed to the angularity, toughness, and roughness of the steel slag aggregate [11]. Similarly, [PERSON] and [PERSON] [12] conducted a study assessing hot mix asphalt performance incorporated coarse steel slag aggregates. The study concluded that the characteristics of asphalt mixes consisting of coarse steel slag aggregates exhibited higher cracking resistance, stiffness modulus, and moisture sensitivity than the control mixes. [PERSON] and [PERSON] [13] investigated the characteristics of hot mix asphalt incorporating basic oxygen furnace steel slag as a coarse aggregate. The outputs of the laboratory tests indicated that utilizing steel slag aggregate improved the rutting resistance and moisture damage resistance of the asphalt. [PERSON] et al. [14; 15] carried out several investigations on the performance of hot mix asphalt incorporating coarse steel slag aggregate.