## 4 Discussion
### Carbon Analysis by Land Use and Land Cover
Maximum precipitation values were observed for the years 2013, in EBF class, and 2011 or 2018, for more anthropized areas, years of negative anomalies, and the minimums were for the years 2010 and 2015, for all classes, i.e., years of positive anomalies [95]. Only for the EBF class, in 2013, did the GPP decrease due to reduced availability of shortwave radiation because of cloud cover [18; 52; 99], and for CO\({}_{2}\)Flux variable the EBF had the lowest value in 2010 and the highest in 2013. In general, the highest CO\({}_{2}\)Flux values were observed in 2010 and/or 2015, indicating carbon emissions [34]. In short, the lowest value of CO\({}_{2}\)Flux and the highest values of GPP and Rainfall variables were observed for the EBF class. DBF, MF, WSV, SV and PW classes were close to zero for CO\({}_{2}\)Flux, while GL, CL and UBL were between 2 and 6 umol m\({}^{-2}\) s\({}^{-1}\). For GPP, most classes were around 20 and 42 gC m\({}^{-2}\) and the UBL and WB classes were null for GPP, because they do not represent vegetation. The highest Rainfall values coincided with areas classified as forests [100], while the lowest were in anthropized areas [93] and with Cerrado phyto-physiognmies [87]. Over forest areas, higher values of GPP and Rainfall were observed, above 40.5 gC m\({}^{-2}\) year\({}^{-1}\) and 2000 mm, and lower values of XCO\({}_{2}\) and CO\({}_{2}\)Flux, below 400 ppm and \(-\)0.5 umol m\({}^{-2}\) s\({}^{-1}\), respectively. EBF, the largest forest class in the BLA, absorbed an average of 176.63 Tg C year \({}^{-1}\); however, in the period evaluated, a loss of 66,452.69 km\({}^{2}\) was observed, failing to absorb and store 3.52 Tg C. In addition, the EBF, MF, WSV and SV forest classes together absorbed an average of 211.05 Tg C year\({}^{-1}\); however, they suffered losses of 135,922.34 km\({}^{2}\) in area between 2009 and 2019, which meant that 5.82 Tg C less was absorbed in the period studied, due to land use and land cover changes. The GL and CL classes, with the main land use conversions, absorbed about 12.63 Tg C year\({}^{-1}\). These classes increased by 85,355.24 and 14,985.15 km\({}^{2}\), absorbing 2.19 and 0.32 Tg C, which corresponded to 1.32 and 3.19 Tg C less than EBF class in these increased areas, respectively, and emitting \(\pm 2\times\) more (2.83 and 3.50 umol m\({}^{-2}\) s\({}^{-1}\)) than EBF (\(-3.09\) umol m\({}^{-2}\) s\({}^{-1}\)) alone absorbed and stored (Table S1). Such results evidence that the BLA has undergone changes in land use and cover, and this represents an increase in GHG emissions, which contribute to global warming [15; 29; 101]. In the EBF class, a decrease in GPP was observed shortly after the dry periods, from 2010 to 2011 and 2012, and from 2015 to 2016. For the EBF, the correlation showed that the increase in the Rainfall values can increase CO\({}_{2}\)Flux and decrease GPP values. [PERSON] et al. [24] report that, after three years of burning, there were disturbances in the carbon ratio and seasonality of forest regions compared to the previous three years; the burned forest then presented a higher GPP, due to regrowth. In this sense, for the driest years in the BLA, an increase in values can be found for GPP, as seen mainly for 2015/16 [15]. However, this work did not address the relationship between the fires that occurred over these years. In addition, below average rainfall between 2012 and 2018, except in 2013, significantly limited vegetation growth, reducing the photosynthetic absorption of CO\({}_{2}\) from the atmosphere, and led to a reduction in GPP and an increase in CO\({}_{2}\)Flux [41]. The authors also reported that the increase in rainfall, as in 2013 and 2017/18, improved these rates in later years[18], which occurred for the other vegetation classes. Recent studies show that climate change intensifies the dry season, generating stress in the ecosystem, especially in the eastern Amazon, the region with the highest rates of deforestation [41]. The correlation between the GPP and CO\({}_{2}\)Flux variables and Rainfall was weak.