# 6G Cognitive Information Theory: A Mailbox Perspective
## 7 Information Measurement Based on Cognitive Computing
### Value Transmission Based on Semantic Information  
In current information systems, information exists in the form of codes and bits. A bit can be stored directly using a semiconductor device or can be modulated and transmitted  
Figure 8: A generalized data-fusion model for infrastructure-AI-visualization-based smart system.  
directly as an electromagnetic wave. With the development of communication technology, including the application of massive multiple-input and multiple-output (MIMO) systems and usage of terahertz or higher frequency spectrum, network throughput has been improved, the reliability of communication transmission has been enhanced, and communication delay has been reduced. Nevertheless, there are still problems in the transmission process, including those related to a great proportion of data transmission and difficulty in proactive interaction with humans. In the future, communication networks will not only transmit data but also provide users with messages of the best value. Next, future communication networks need to recognize in advance a user and the environment to collect data proactively and transmit useful information in advance.  
Based on the above discussion, as opposed to traditional information transmission, future networks need to recognize information and realize the conversion from information to knowledge and from knowledge to value. In the traditional Shannon information theory, correct transmission of information can be achieved based on a uniform channel coding scheme, i.e., by using the channel coding information can be delivered from the sending side to the receiving side. In future systems, the value of information should be transmitted, in contrast to traditional information transmission. Thus, it is necessary to recognize that the information. values, and knowledge can be easily understood in the real world, but there are no universal standards to measure the implied knowledge and values behind the information.  
Particularly, information is analyzed first. Information consists of the motion states of things and the way the state changes. In this regard, information is specific, general, extensive, effective, and time-sensitive. Further, information can be divided into three information layers:  
* _Granmar information_: This information consists of information on the state and logical structure of the expression of information. Information represented by the motion of things exists objectively and can be observed by everyone in a proper form, such as a picture, a paragraph, or a string of codes, and such an expression can be entirely seen by everyone;
* _Semantic information_: This information consists of the digestion of connotation or messages represented by a state or a logical structure of a thing that can be digested by people having such cognition or comprehension. For instance, the meaning of certain words or messages of codes is not understandable to everyone;
* _Pragmatic information_: This is the much deeper information level, and people know not only the meaning of information, but also its function and know how to use it. For instance, personnel use such a function; personnel definitely know the structure, connotation, application, and purpose of information and can develop an application or use such information to realize the goal.