## 3 Results  
### Signal from M. Extensor Carpi Radialis  
For the m. extensor carpi radialis, sEMG signal features varied across signal variations in both gaits, as shown in Table 1. During walking, amplitude was lower than in the raw signal after bandpass filtering at 40-450 Hz and lowest after low-pass filtering at 10 Hz; while during trotting, amplitude was lower than in the raw signal after bandpass filtering at 40-450 Hz and 7-200 Hz, and lowest after low-pass filtering at 10 Hz, as clearly shown in Figure 2. During both gaits, RMS was lower than in the raw signal after bandpass filtering at 7-200 Hz, even lower after low-pass filtering at 10 Hz, and lowest after bandpass filtering at 40-450 Hz. During walking, MF was lower than in the raw signal after low-pass filtering at 10 Hz and higher after bandpass filtering at 40-450 Hz. During trotting, MF was lowest after low-pass filtering at 10 Hz, moderate after bandpass filtering at 7-200 Hz, higher in the raw signal, and highest after bandpass filtering at 40-450 Hz. During walk, SNR was higher than in the raw signal only after bandpass filtering at 40-450 Hz, while during trotting, SNR was higher than in the raw signal after bandpass filtering at 7-200 Hz and highest after bandpass filtering at 40-450 Hz, as well as lower after low-pass filtering at 10 Hz.  
For the m. extensor carpi radialis, mean signal loss decreased, and mean residual signal increased across bandpass filtering at 40-450 Hz, low-pass filtering at 10 Hz, and bandpass filtering at 7-200 Hz in both gaits, as illustrated in Figure 2A,E. During both gaits, signal loss was highest after bandpass filtering at 40-450 Hz, lower after low-pass filtering at 10 Hz, and lowest after bandpass filtering at 7-200 Hz, as shown in Table 2.  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c l c c c c} \hline
**Gait** & **Signal Variation** & **Amplitude [mV]** & **RMS [mV]** & **MF [Hz]** & **SNR [dB]** \\ \hline Walk & Raw & 95.3 (76.3; 109.1) a & 21.6 (19.6; 22.7) a & 42.9 (39.2; 47.4) a & 11.6 (10.3; 12.9) a \\  & Low-pass 10 Hz & 29.2 (26.0; 32.3) b & 17.0 (15.6; 18.3) b & 3.1 (3.0; 3.2) b & 11.0 (10.2; 13.0) a \\  & Bandpass 40–450 Hz & 78.9 (65.9; 88.4) c & 14.9 (13.2; 16.5) c & 72.5 (69.9; 78.5) c & 13.2 (11.5; 14.1) ab \\  & Bandpass 7–200 Hz & 88.4 (72.0; 99.9) ac & 20.6 (18.9; 21.9) d & 43.9 (40.6; 47.9) a & 13.4 (11.8; 14.2) b \\ \cline{2-6}  & \(p\)–value & \(<\)0.0001 & \(<\)0.0001 & \(<\)0.0001 & \(<\)0.0001 \\ \hline Trot & Raw & 426.8 (381.5; 487.4) a & 105.6 (97.4; 110.8) a & 51.0 (46.4; 57.8) a & 13.6 (12.5; 14.7) a \\  & Low-pass 10 Hz & 152.9 (136.1; 171.1) b & 83.9 (78.3; 90.8) b & 4.2 (3.9; 4.4) b & 12.6 (11.3; 14.2) b \\  & Bandpass 40–450 Hz & 366.5 (334.2; 454.7) c & 78.8 (67.0; 82.8) c & 82.3 (74.4; 88.2) c & 16.6 (15.5; 17.3) c \\  & Bandpass 7–200 Hz & 399.3 (346.6; 444.9) c & 101.7 (93.1; 107.1) d & 47.0 (43.3; 56.4) d & 14.9 (13.9; 16.6) d \\ \cline{2-6}  & \(p\)-value & \(<\)0.0001 & \(<\)0.0001 & \(<\)0.0001 & \(<\)0.0001 \\ \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}
Table 1: Median and ranges (lower quartile; upper quartile) signal feature data (amplitude, root mean square (RMS), median frequency (MF), signal-to-noise ratio (SNR)) compared between signal variants (low-pass filtered with a 10 Hz cut-off frequency, bandpass filtered with a 40–450 Hz cut-off frequency, bandpass filtered with a 7–200 Hz cut-off frequency) for signals obtained from the m. extensor carpi radialis during walking and trotting.  
Figure 2: Selected representative sEMG signals obtained from the m. extensor carpi radialis during walking (**A–D**) and trotting (**E–H**). (**A,E**) Signal loss (%) and residual signal (%) data. (**B,F**) Segment of burst after a low-pass 10 Hz filtering (red line) on the background of the raw signal (black line). (**C,G**) Segment of burst after a bandpass 40–450 Hz filtering (blue line) on the background of the raw signal (black line). (**D,H**) Segment of burst after a bandpass 7–200 Hz filtering (green line) on the background of the raw signal (black line).