## 5 Conclusions  
This is the first study to report on the VOC profiles of _Iris pseudopallida_, _I. illyrica_, and _I. adriatica_. Samples prepared from the plant material collected from six different locations in Croatia, three for _I. pseudopallida_, two for _I. illyrica_, and one for _I. adriatica_, were analyzed by HD and HS-SPME/GC-MS (using PDMS/DVB and DVB/CAR/PDMS fibers). A total of 73 constituents were identified in the samples obtained by HD, while 77 VOCs were extracted on PDMS/DVB fiber and 71 on DVB/CAR/PDMS fiber. HD extracted more fatty acids and fatty acid esters, of which tetradecanoic (myristic) acid, (_Z_,_Z_)-octadeca-9,12-dienoic (linoleic) acid, and hexadecanoic (palmitic) acid were the major ones. Myristic acid was found to be a major component of EOs from all investigated taxa, while palmitic and linoleic acids were characteristic for _I. adriatica_ EO. Lauric and capric acids were also noted in five out of six samples. In two out of the three studied _I. pseudopallida_ EOs, _cis-\(\alpha\)_-and/or _cis-\(\gamma\)_-irone were detected as the major constituents. One of these (the one with the higher irone content), as well as one _I. illyrica_ EO, were especially rich in docsane (cca. 45-55% content), while the other was characterized by the presence of monoterene alcohols (myrtenol, terpinen-4-ol, and \(\alpha\)-terpineol) and the monoterene hydrocarbon \(\alpha\)-pinene. The most abundant VOCs detected by HS-SPME/GC-MS on both fibers for two out of the three investigated _I. pseudopallida_ plants were oxygenated monoterpenes, sesquiterpene hydrocarbons, and aliphatic and aromatic alcohols, while the third (the oldest) one contained mainly norisprepenoids, with _cis-\(\alpha\)_-irone and _cis-\(\gamma\)_-irone making \(>\)50% of total VOCs constituents. As for the investigated sample of _I. adriatica_ and the two investigated _I. illyrica_ samples, aliphatic and aromatic alcohols were the predominant compounds found using both fibers. The most abundant individual VOCs determined in our study by HS-SPME/GC-MS were perilla aldehyde, acetic acid, 6-methylhept-5-en-2-one, _cis-\(\alpha\)_-irone, _cis-\(\gamma\)_-irone, butan-2,3-diol, _trans_-caryophyllene, furfural, ethanol, benzyl alcohol, myrtenol, \(\alpha\)-copaene, hexanal, nonanal, nonan-2-one, and acetovanillone. Out of these, 6-methylhept-5-en-2-one, _trans_-caryophyllene, and ethanol were common for all studied samples. Perilla aldehyde, butan-2,3-diol, acetic acid, 2-phenylethanol, benzyl alcohol, hexanal, and nonanal were found in all studied samples except for the irone-rich _I. pseudopallida_ (>50% irones). This sample was characterized by both _cis-\(\alpha\)_-irone (as the major compound) and _cis-\(\gamma\)_-irone, while the latter irone isomer was the only irone present in an additional sample of _I. pseudopallida_. The former sample of _I. pseudopallida_ was also characterized by nonan-2-one. \(\alpha\)-Copaene was a major compound in _I. pseudopallida_ and _I. illjrica_ but it was not found in _I. adriatica_. The latter taxon was, in turn, characterized by the presence of (furan-2-yl)methanol, camphor, limonene, and a high percentage of furfural. Furfural was also present in one sample of _I. illjrica_, the same that was characterized by acetovanillone. Furfural, as well as other compounds with MWs up to 100 and/or with the lowest RIs (<900), such as acetic acid, was better extracted by the less polar DVB/CAR/PDMS fiber, while PDMS/DVB fiber extracted greater amounts of compounds with higher MWs (>100). Further extensive research of _I. pseudopallida_, _I. illjrica_, and _I. adriatica_ could provide valuable information on their response to different environmental conditions, as well as the possibility of using the mentioned compounds in pharmacy and the cosmetic industry or perfumery. The most prominent compounds of investigated _Iris_ rhizome EOs are comparable to the major ones commonly reported for commercial orris oil obtained from either _I. pallida_, _I. germanica_, or _I.