## 4 Discussion  
Primary stability plays a crucial role in the success of dental implants and influences the choice of prosthetic loading [25]. In cases where the bone is poorly mature, such as in the posterior areas of the maxilla and mandible, or in elderly and osteogenic patients, bone densification techniques can be employed to increase bone density [26]. Different bone compaction techniques are utilized to achieve effective densification of the implant site; each method comes with its own set of advantages and disadvantages [19]. Osteocondensation burs offer a notable advantage in preserving autologous bone tissue within the implant bed area. This is achieved through the compaction of bone particles along the perimeter of the osteotomy, facilitated by the negative cutting angle blades of the burs. The compaction of the bone surrounding the implant site enhances bone mineral density, positively impacting primary stability and subsequently promoting the osteointegration process [27]. The presence of autologous particulate within the implant site, being living bone material, has the potential to serve as a catalyst for bone formation. It can stimulate the processes of bone neoformation by facilitating the creation of mineralization nuclei. These mineralization nuclei play a significant role in accelerating the healing and reorganization of bone tissue surrounding the implant threads, ultimately promoting the attainment of both primary and secondary stability of the implant. Histomorphometric analyses conducted by [PERSON] et al. have highlighted the mineralization nuclei derived from the compacted autologous particulate [22]. The impact of the compacted particulate is evident both during implant insertion, as indicated by the IT value, and in terms of the implant's stability, assessed by the ISQ. In contrast to osteeosubtractive techniques, where the particulate generated during osteotomy is typically removed, osteocondensation burs operate through a bone tissue expansion mechanism. This expansion causes the bone to spring back, potentially leading to increased implant stability. One advantage of using osteocondensation drills is that they facilitate the preparation of implant sites in thin crests of bone. By avoiding the excessive removal of bone, these drills limit the formation of microcracks and fracture fissures that could compromise the overall stability of the implant site. Implants inserted in osteotomic sites prepared through osteodensification and extended to accommodate the particulate graft exhibit a significant increase in insertion torque values, as well as parameters such as I and ISQ values (Table 1). Both IT and ISQ are important clinical parameters used to assess implant stability [9]. Implant stability depends on the direct contact between the implant surface and the surrounding bone tissue [28]. The amount of micromovement is influenced by bone density. In cases where the bone density is low, preparing the implant site using the osteosubtractive method leads to lower insertion torque values and further reductions in bone density. These implant micromovements can contribute to the formation of poorly organized tissue with the presence of fibrous matrix interposition, resulting in a reduced percentage of osseointegration [29]. The use of osteocondensation burs has been documented in preliminary studies by [PERSON] et al., where the authors demonstrated how densification increases the bone formation rate on the implant surface by enhancing the bone mineral density in the peri-implant site. Histomorphological analysis of bone samples from sheep confirmed that compacted bone maintains its histological structure [2]. In a separate in vivo study conducted by [PERSON] et al., the effectiveness of osteodensification drills in improving primary implant stability and preserving long-term secondary stability was demonstrated.