# Experimental Investigation of Mechanical Properties of Clay-Cement Slurry Containing Graphene Oxide
## 1 Introduction
The concentration of the former is closely related to the strength of the reinforced body, while the latter affects the setting time of the grout. Oxide graphene, derived from oxidizing graphite with potent oxidants [17; 18], exhibits a substantial specific surface area and contains numerous oxygen-containing functional groups (-OH, -COOH, -O-) at the edges and surfaces of its layers. These functional groups provide a platform for the growth of hydration products, facilitating the formation of C-S-H gel and enhancing the rigidity of cement composite materials, thereby improving their overall performance. Additionally, these oxygen-containing functional groups display good hydrophilicity, enabling oxide graphene to dissolve in water and further enhance material properties [19; 20; 21]. [PERSON] et al. [22] proposed a method of reinforcing loses by incorporating graphene oxide (GO) into cement. They determined that the optimal mechanical and water resistance values were achieved when the GO content reached 0.09 wt.%. [PERSON] [23] added GO to cement-expansive soil to improve its triaxial characteristics, mitigating the low flexural strength and weak deformation resistance of cement-solidified expansive soil. The optimal performance was observed with a GO content of 0.1 wt.%. Moreover, [PERSON] and [PERSON] [24; 25] discovered that even a small amount of GO significantly enhances the physical and mechanical properties as well as microscopic structures of clay sand. [PERSON] et al. [26] investigated the impact of oxide graphene on the corrosion resistance of concrete and found that it promotes the formation of C-S-H gel, resulting in a denser microscopic structure of the material. [PERSON] [27] separately added graphene in concentrations of 0.01%, 0.03%, and 0.05% to ground cement materials, testing the compressive strength of the cement-based composite material at 3 days and 28 days. They found that the addition of graphene improved the compressive strength, with 0.03% graphene showing the most significant improvement in the strength of cement-based materials. [PERSON] [28] examined the compressive and flexural strengths of oxide graphene composite cement compared with ordinary cement paste, revealing significant improvements in both. The compressive strength was increased by approximately 15% to 33% compared with ordinary cement, while the tensile strength improved by 41% to 59%. Although there has been research on the reinforcement of cement with graphene oxide (GO), limited reports exist on the application of GO-modified cement-clay grouting materials. This study focuses on investigating the reinforcing effect of GO composites, developed by the Mine Construction Research Institute of China Coal Technology and Engineering Group, on gravel layers with different particle sizes. Grouting specimens were created using a specialized experimental apparatus for conducting grouting tests. The study examines the impact of graphene oxide content on the compressive strength, shear strength, and plasticity strength of modified clay-cement slurry grout. Additionally, permeability tests were conducted on the grouted specimens to analyze the influence of various factors on the permeability coefficient. Finally, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was utilized to investigate the micro-reinforcement characteristics of the grout-solid interface. The objective of this research is to develop grouting materials that exhibit high-strength, high-anti-seepage, and high-durability properties, while providing scientific guidance regarding the reinforcement effect of such materials.