## 4 Results
### Remote Sensing Techniques
The COSMO-SkyMed satellites have main payloads of X-band, multiresolution and multi-polarization imaging radar, with various resolutions (from 1 to 100 m) over a large access region. Since, it is equipped with a fixed antenna, having electronic steering capabilities that could manage many operative modes for the image acquisition and for internal calibrations. The nominal incidence angles varied between 20\({}^{\circ}\) and 59\({}^{\circ}\). SAR images have great potential for the observation, monitoring and detection of marine sources. It is important to have a wind parameters long-term reference analysis that can cover a large geographical scale. This is more important when many of the observations made from ocean tool measurements are scattered [67]. One of the most important reason to use S1 satellite data and software is because of its free access, supported by unlimited policy with just a sign-up before trying to download the images. However, the data are systematically provided by delivering within an hour of reception for near-real-time (NRT) emergency response, within three hours for NRT priority areas and within 24 h for systematically archived data. Images taken from satellites at different frequencies are used to analyze and map wind parameters at of the seawaters. Recently, the OW field retrieval method has been developed based on satellite data sources and image processing techniques [68]. In many of the Mediterranean coastal, nearshore, and offshore areas, there are no observations of the tall tower for validation. Hence, maritime validation relies on reports of ships and buoys. Not only SAR satellite imagery can provide OW field data with a long time-series of large and small zones, but also satellite imagery is playing a significant role in offshore observation and research. Even though sea-level wind measurements can be carried out using buoys in different periods with very high resolution, these buoys are usually installed at a distance of 10 to 100 km from the shoreline indicating the possibility of the lack of access at greater distances [69]. Ocean winds recorded from scattering and radiometers have a higher temporal resolution [70]. This higher temporal resolution can be improved by using the cooperation of several satellite data. Due to the increase in the number of observations and time resolution, the accuracy of OW sources estimation can be gradually improved [71]. Furthermore, the ERA-interim reanalysis dataset is a reanalysis project dataset designed and developed by the ECMWF [37]. The ECMWF uses predicted models and data capture techniques, including 4D analysis with a 12 h analysis to describe the atmospheric parameters of the land and oceans such as wind speed, evaporation, surface pressure, surface roughness and surface net solar radiation [72]. In ECMWF dataset, the wind speed at 10 m height, 10 m U wind component, 10 m wind speed and 10 m V wind component are available since 1979. The intended spatial resolution is characterized by monthly, yearly and four hourly intervals for each day [73]. Even though the vastness and infinity of wind energy in many parts of the world are having good wind power [74], the problems related to the determination of wind measurement accurately making it out the scheme more difficult. The availability of meteorological and floating data information especially in coastal areas, making the situation difficult by lack of access to the complete data set for a study area [75]. On the other hand, good data are available to identify suitable locations through meteorological models and satellite observations. It should be noted that the reanalysis data collects a complete form of data on terrestrial existence, for example, meteorological stations, buoys and cub anemometers, ships and satellite data, which can provide a more accurate display of wind resources on a scale. Such data are regularly monitored with high quality without delay (unlike floating devices: buoys and cub anemometers).