esa-sceva/satcom-chunk-collection huggingface dataset:
## 2 Structure and Working Principle of the Six-Phase DSW-12/2-BPMSM  
Figures 1 and 2 show the structure and winding unfolding schematic of the six-phase DSW-12/2-BPMSM, respectively. The stator has 12 slots, with a two-pole torque system and a four-pole suspension system. The number of slots per phase per pole is one, and the coil span y1 is three. A double-layer distributed winding structure is adopted, i.e., each slot contains both the upper and lower coil-edges. The six-phase symmetrical distribution winding structure which contains A, B, C, D, and E phase windings is formed by 12 stator coils. Adjacent two-phase windings differ by a 60\({}^{\circ}\) electrical angle. A two-pole surface  
mounted permanent magnet structure is adopted, and a parallel magnetization method is adopted for each permanent magnet.  
According to the working principle of a multiphase motor, when a six-phase symmetrical stator winding is energized with a six-phase symmetrical torque current with a time-phase difference of 60 degrees, the generated two-pole armature reaction field interacts with the permanent magnetic field of the two-pole rotor to produce a stable electromagnetic torque that drives the rotor to rotate. Meanwhile, when levitation currents with a time-phase difference of 120 degrees are injected sequentially into the six symmetrical phase windings, a rotating four-pole levitation magnetic field can be generated. After the two-pole motor magnetic field is superimposed with the four-pole levitation magnetic field, the symmetrical equilibrium distribution of the original air g  
Figure 1: Structural diagram of the six-phase DSW-12/2-BPMSM.  
Figure 2: Unfolding diagram of the six-phase DSW-12/2-BPMSM winding.  
broken; thus, a radial electromagnetic force acting on the rotor will be generated. At this point, if the angular frequencies of the torque current and levitation current are equal, the generated radial electromagnetic force will be controllable, allowing it to be used for rotor levitation control.  
Figure 3 gives the schematic diagram of the generation principle of radial magnetic levitation force. As shown in Figure 3, the air gap magnetic field after superposition is enhanced on the upper side and weakened on the lower side, and a radial levitation force will be generated along the positive \(y\)-axis direction. Similarly, the radial magnetic levitation force along the \(x\)-axis can be generated by adjusting the phase of the four-pole levitation magnetic field. The magnitude and phase of the resultant radial controllable magnetic levitation force can be controlled by changing the magnitude and phase of the levitation current; then, the levitation control of the BPMSM rotor can be realized.
## 6 Continuous Transmission of Packet Traffic
### Use of TOA
#### Protocol Used in Two-Hop Model  
Limited resource availability and ongoing node relocation are significant risks to the consistency of data transmissions. Given these limitations, when creating a protocol that may maximize the dynamic security of these networks, a two-hop dynamic security mechanism to guarantee secure data transfers to the sink is challenging. Without using more resources, two-hop dynamic security can achieve higher delivery ratios than one-hop dynamic security. When we are interested in gathering information, most of these applications demand long-term monitoring of the chosen locations. Transmission Control Protocol (TOA) and similar congestion control techniques have proved highly problematic for wireless multi-hop networks. The three-way handshake process will undoubtedly be simple for such a small volume of data, even if the actual data is only a few bytes. Due to their single-hop nature, these sensor nodes, intended to transport the detected data inside the network, induce congestion in various locations at various times [65].
# Improving the Design of MEMS INS-Aided PLLs for GNSS Carrier Phase Measurement under High Dynamics
###### Abstract  
The phase locked loop (PLL) bandwidth suffers a dilemma on carrier phase accuracy and dynamic stress tolerance in stand-alone global navigation satellite systems (GNSS) receivers. With inertial navigation system (INS) aiding, PLLs only need to tolerate aiding information error, instead of dynamic stress. To obtain accurate carrier phase under high dynamics, INS-aided PLLs need be optimally designed to reduce the impact of aiding information error. Typical micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS) INS-aided PLLs are implemented and tested under high dynamics. Tests using simulation show there is a step change in the aiding information at each integer second, which deteriorates the carrier phase accuracy. An improved structure of INS-aided PLLs is proposed to eliminate the step change impact. Even when the jerk is 2000 m/s\({}^{3}\), the tracking error of the proposed INS-aided PLL is no more than 3\({}^{\circ}\). Finally, the performances of stand-alone PLLs and INS-aided PLLs are compared using field tests. When the antenna jerk is 300 m/s\({}^{3}\), the carrier phase error from the stand-alone PLLs significantly increased, while the carrier phase error from the MEMS INS-aided PLLs almost remained the same. Therefore, the proposed INS-aided PLLs can suppress tracking errors caused by noise and dynamic stress simultaneously under high dynamics.  
Keywords:INS-aided PLLs; carrier phase; tracking error; high dynamics; GNSS/INS deeply-coupled system; MEMS INS +
Footnote †: journal:
# Distributed Localization of Non-Cooperative Targets in Non-Coplanar Rendezvous Processes
## 3 Configuration Optimization
### Transferring Configuration Optimization Model  
Different from the configuration optimization methods based on the relative dynamics model of C-W/T-H equations or non-linear constraint problems in previous studies, this paper transformed the configuration optimization problem into a multi-objective optimization problem. The Lambert algorithm [21] was introduced to handle terminal constraints in the orbit transfer process.  
The decision variables include the parking orbit altitude and the true anomaly at maneuver time for the two chasing satellites 1 and 2. The objectives of optimization are to minimize the root mean square error (RMSE) of target position estimation, minimize total maneuver energy cost, minimize rendezvous time consumption, and minimize localization accuracy loss in the event of a single-satellite signal loss, as specified in Equation (14). Numerical optimization is performed through the improved NSGA-III algorithm in Section 4.2.  
\[\left\{\begin{array}{l}\min f_{1}=RMSE=\frac{RMSE_{1}+RMSE_{2}+RMSE_{3} }{3}\\ \min f_{2}=\Delta V_{1}+\Delta V_{2}\\ \min f_{3}=t\\ \min f_{4}=\Delta RMSE=RMSE-RMSE^{\prime}\\ RMSE_{i}=\sqrt{\frac{1}{n}\sum\limits_{k=1}^{n}\left(r_{k}-\hat{r}_{k}^{i} \right)^{2}}\\ RMSE^{\prime}=\frac{RMSE_{1}+RMSE_{3}}{2}\bigg{|}_{c2 lost}\end{array}\right. \tag{14}\]  
where the formula \(f_{1}\) is the RMSE of target position estimation under distributed positioning, which is taken as the average value of the local filter positioning error of three satellites; \(f_{2}\) is the total velocity increment of Lambert transfer; \(f_{3}\) is the rendezvous time consumption; \(f_{4}\) is the localization accuracy loss in the event of a single-satellite signal loss; \(r_{k}\) is the true value of the target position at time \(k\); \(\hat{r}_{k}^{i}\) is the estimation of the target position of the local filter of the tracking star \(i\) at the moment \(k\); and \(\Delta V_{1}\) and \(\Delta V_{2}\) are the velocity increments for maneuvering of chasing satellites 1 and 2, respectively.
## 3 Design of the Test  
### Specim Preparation  
The subgrade fill of the Bazhun heavy-haul railway taken from the site was air-dried, crushed, and passed through a 10-mm sieve. Before mixing, the polypropylene fibers, air-dried soil, and water required for each sample were divided into five parts according to the design conditions. Each set of materials was mixed separately, and then the five parts were mixed together to ensure the maximum uniformity of fiber distribution in the soil. To compare the reinforcement effects under same conditions before and after fiber reinforcement, the moisture content of the fiber reinforced soil was adjusted to the water content of 8.5%. In order to guarantee the uniformity of fibers within the sample distribution and the homogeneity of material, the moist damping technique, widely used to prepare non-cohesive fiber reinforced soil, was used to prepare fiber soil samples, which can well mix fibers and soil, and its effectiveness has been verified by a large number of experiments conducted by [PERSON] and [PERSON] [16], [PERSON] et al. [17], [PERSON] et al. [18; 19], and [PERSON] et al. [20]. This mixing method can effectively solve the problem of fiber winding and floating. The fiber-reinforced soil samples were mixed well, stored in a plastic bag, sealed, and left for 24 h so that the water in the soil would fully and evenly disperse. The fiber-reinforced soil sample preparation used the bidirectional static pressure method. The samples were all prepared with a compacting factor of 0.97. For reinforced samples, the compacting factor was controlled by mixing the same mass of dry soil as a plain soil sample with a given mass of fibers and compressing to a volumetrically consistent sample. At the same time, according to [PERSON] and [PERSON] [21], when the sample diameter is greater than or equal to 70 mm and the fiber length is no more than 50 mm, mechanical properties can be ignored by the size effect. To avoid the size effect, the size of the sample in this study is determined by the size of the test fixture. The sample height was 125 mm, and the diameter was 61.8 mm.  
Figure 2: Appearance morphology and cross-sectional dimensions of Y-shaped fibers: (**a**) Appearance morphology; (**b**) Cross-sectional dimensions.  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Fiber Type** & **Density** & **Diameter** & **Melting** & **Flash** & **Elongation** & **Modulus of** & **Tensile** \\  & **(g/cm\({}^{3}\))** & **(\(\mu\)m)** & **Point** (\({}^{\circ}\)C)** & **Point** (\({}^{\circ}\)C) & **At break** & **(\%)** & **(GPa)** & **(MPa)** \\ \hline Monofilament & & & & & & & \\ Y-type & 0.91 & 31 & 165–170 & 590 & 30 & \(\geq\)3.5 & \(\geq\)350 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}
Table 3: Physical and mechanical properties of polypropylene fibers.
# DC-DC Buck Converters with Quasi-Online Estimation of Filter Capacitor Equivalent Parameters
## 1 Introduction
The PO was implemented by the authors to estimate the capacitor parameters of a buck converter based on discharging the capacitor in two stages: over the load resistance in the first stage and over the load resistance connected in parallel with additional resistance in the second stage [27]. The PO uses as input only the measured output of the master system, namely, the voltage at the terminals of the filter capacitor. This article aims to introduce novel DC-DC buck converter schemes provided with the capability to estimate the equivalent parameters of one or more filter capacitors using a parameter observer (PO). The main contribution of this paper consists of:  
(i) The proposal of two new schemes of DC-DC buck converters from the category of those estimating the parameters of the R-C series capacitor impedance model using the principle of non-periodic large-signal charging/discharging profiles [17]. From the point of view of the contribution of the monitored capacitor to the filtering operation during the estimation of the parameters, the schemes are working in a quasi-online mode of operation. (ii) The implementation of a new monitoring principle for the equivalent parameters with PO based on a capacitor discharge/charge process. Compared to the converter in [26], where the PO monitors a two-stage discharge process, in the new scheme the time to disconnect the capacitor and the load from the converter is reduced. Also, compared to the technique described in [19], current injection into the capacitor is avoided. (iii) The implementation of the monitoring principle with PO by performing the filtering with two capacitors connected in parallel instead of a single capacitor. (iv) The experimental validation of the proposed principles on converters with electrolytic filter capacitors. The following sections of the paper comprise: the theoretical and analytical support of the POs used in DC-DC buck converters (Section 2), the principles of designing the novel schemes (Section 3.1), and the depiction of the converters' schematics along with their experimental validation methods (Sections 3.2 and 3.3), discussing the theoretical and experimental results (Section 4), and finally summarizing the conclusions. The article endswith an Appendix A, important in terms of outlining the conditions that must be met to reduce the estimation errors of the filter capacitors' equivalent parameters.
# MAC Protocols for mmWave Communication: A Comparative Survey +
## 6 Challenges & Future Research Directions
### Cross-Layer Design  
The MAC layer must respond to traffic flows from the higher layer, as well as channel variations and physical layer operations. For example, frame size per transmission period should be determined adaptively based on packet arrival from the networking layer as well as measurements from the physical layer. Measurements from the physical layer can be used to optimize transmission scheduling in the MAC layer.
## 4 Materials and Methods
### Growth Curves  
Overnight cultures from parental and H*R strains were diluted to an optical density (OD\({}_{620}\)) of 0.05 into fresh TSB and incubated at 37 \({}^{\circ}\)C with shaking (180 rpm) during an 8 h period in the Infinite F200 PRO Tecan microplate reader. The optical density was monitored at 595 nm every 60 min. Results were plotted as the geometric mean of three technical plus three biological triplicates with 95% confidence intervals using the software GraphPad Prism version 8.4.3 (GraphPad Software, San Diego, CA, USA). Statistical analysis was performed using the Mann-Whitney test (Table S3). A \(p\)-value lower than 0.05 was considered significant.  
The following supporting information can be downloaded at: [[https://www.mdpi.com/article/10.3390/antibiotics11020255/s1](https://www.mdpi.com/article/10.3390/antibiotics11020255/s1)]([https://www.mdpi.com/article/10.3390/antibiotics11020255/s1](https://www.mdpi.com/article/10.3390/antibiotics11020255/s1)), Table S1. H*R derivatives MIC and Fold change determination. Table S2. Quality assessment statistics for the assemblies generated from the sequenced genomes. Data provided by INNUCA's samples reports. Table S3. Mann-Whitney test analysis performed to detect statistical significant differences in growth curves of the H*R derivatives in relation to the parental strains at early exponential phase of growth time points (at 3 and at 4 h).  
Conceptualization, C.M., A.T. and H.d.L.; Data curation, C.M., A.T. and H.d.L.; Formal analysis, C.M.; Funding acquisition, H.d.L.; Investigation, C.M.; Methodology, C.M., A.T. and H.d.L.; Supervision, A.T. and H.d.L.; Writing--original draft, C.M.; Writing--review and editing, C.M., A.T. and H.d.L. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.  
This work was supported by project LISBOA-01-0145-FEDER-007660 (\"Microbiologia Molecular, Estruttural e Celular\") funded by FEDER funds through COMPETE2020--Programa Operacional Competitividade e Internacionalizacao\" (POCI), ONEIDA project LISBOA-01-0145-FEDER-016417 co-funded by FEEI--\"Fundos Estruttural e de Investigmento\" from \"Programa Operacional Regional Lisboa 2020\" and by national funds from FCT--\"Fundacao para a Ciencia e a Tecnologia\", Portugal.  
**Informed Consent Statement:** Not applicable.  
**Data Availability Statement:** The data presented in this study are available in supplementary material. Raw read data is deposited in the European Nucleotide Archive (ENA) under BioProject nr. PRJEB49801.
# Hybrid Heat Products: Incorporation of White Bean Flour in Lean Pork Burgers
## 1 Introduction  
Meat is recognized as the highest-quality protein source and is highly appreciated for its taste. In addition, pork is the most widely eaten meat in the world, and several investigations have found potential health benefits associated with its consumption [1, 2]. Nevertheless, meat products may also contain added fat, saturated fatty acids, cholesterol,high levels of salt, etc., causing consumers to perceive them as unhealthy foods [3]. To change this perception, different strategies for healthier product development must be promoted. Some of them could study formulation or processing modifications to avoid or restrict the presence of certain potential unhealthy compounds; others could evaluate the incorporation of ingredients that have possible health-promoting effects [4; 5].  
Moreover, the worldwide consumption of meat is increasing, with adverse consequences for the environment, global food security, and human health, which have triggered calls for reduced meat consumption [6]. Therefore, there is an increasing consumer awareness that linked the shift toward plant-based dietary patterns with health and environmental benefits [7; 8].  
In this sense, partial meat substitution through plant-based ingredients in popular meat-based products is an emerging strategy to reduce the proportion of consumed meat [9]. The concept of a hybrid meat product has appeared in this context. Traditionally, several functional ingredients (high carbohydrate and/or protein sources) have been added to processed meats as extenders, fillers, or binders. However, hybrid meat products have a favorable implication based on mixing plant and meat proteins, rather than the economic or technological reasons that has driven their inclusion in the past. The primary purpose of hybrid meat foods is to focus on a lower environmental impact, the product's health improvement, and the general idea of decreasing meat consumption [10].  
Among different nutritious plants and alternative protein sources, legumes are presented as the most conventional, nutritious, and accessible protein sources [11]. Within legumes, beans are a low-priced source of a high level of protein, amino acids, carbohydrates, dietary fiber, vitamins, phenolic acids, and flavonoids [12]. In addition, consistent with Lin & Fernandez-Fraguas [13], raw bean flours demonstrate better emulsifying properties than reported in lentil and chickpea flours [14] and close to bean protein isolates behavior [15]. Therefore, bean flours could be functional ingredients in the development of reformulated healthy meat products with fat replacement using pre-emulsified marine or vegetable oils, where bean components could act as emulsifiers.  
This work aimed to evaluate the effect of the partial replacement of pork meat with white bean flour in hybrid burgers with pre-emulsified sunflower oil on the main quality attributes and to find the level that optimizes its characteristics. Additionally, the thermal and microstructural properties of hybrid products were evaluated.
# Analysis on the Spatial-Temporal Distribution Patterns of Major Mine Debris Flows in China
###### Abstract
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c} \hline \hline
**Date (year-month-day)** & **Location** \\ \hline
1954-09-17 & Dongchuan Copper Mining District, Yunnan Province \\
1959- & Hainan Iron Ore Mine, Guangdong Province \\
1965-07-20 & Agan Town Coal Mine, Gansu Province \\
1965-09-23 & Geju Tin Mine, Honghe Prefecture, Yunnan Province \\
1966- & Lanjian iron ore mine, Panzhihua, Sichuan Province \\
1968- & Ayacuo, Pengqu Basin, Tingri County, Tibet \\
1970-04 & Madiamping pit, Tangdan copper mine, Dongchuan, Yunnan Province \\
1970-05-26 & Lugui iron ore mine, Yanjingsgou, Mianning County, Liangshan Prefecture, Sichuan Province \\
1972- & Panluo iron ore mine, Longyan, Fujian Province \\
1972-11 & Yunfu Sulfur Iron Mine, Yunfu City, Guangdong Province \\
1973-07 & Xinkang Asbestos Mine, Asbestos County, Sichuan Province \\
1974-07-18 & Quarry near Xishui, Ganchuan Highway, Sichuan Province \\
1975-07-20 & Xinglonggou lead-zinc mine, Xinglong Town, Luding County, Sichuan Province \\
1978- & Yongping Copper Mine, Yongping Town, Yanshan County, Shangrao City, Jiangqi Province \\
1982-08-03 & Bailiangou coal mine area, Ningxia \\
1984- & Changba lead-zinc mining area, Cheng County, Gansu Province \\
1984-05-27 & Heishangou, Dongchuan Copper Mine, Dongchuan District, Kunming City, Yunnan Province \\
1985-08-24 & Shizhuyuan non-ferrous metal mine, Hunan Province \\
1986-04-30 & Jinshan Tailings Reservoir, Huangmeishan Iron Mine, Anhui Province \\
1986-07-20 & Hongbaigou, Bailiangou Coal Mining District, Ningxia \\
1987- & Jinduicheng Molybdenum Mine, Shaanxi Province \\
1988- & Shuixigou Coal Mine, Jimsar County, Xinjiang \\
1988-06 & Nanshan Coal Mine Area, Urumqi, Xinjiang \\
1988-07-15 & Miduigou, at the 48 th road shift on the Sichuan-Tibet Highway, Bomi County, Tibet \\
1988-08-13 & Dafengyou Coal Mine, Shizuishan, Ningxia \\
1989-07-03 & Tieheke Bazaar Coal Mine Area, Luntai County, Xinjiang \\
1990- & Liudu Copper Mine, Qiubei County, Wenshan Prefecture, Yunnan Province \\
1990-05-31 & Tanshangou, Huili County, Sichuan Province \\
1990-06-27 & Jinshachang Lead-Zinc Mine, Yongshan County, Zhaotong City, Yunnan Province \\
1990-07-12 & Naichigiou lead-zinc mine, Ganluo County, Liangshan Prefecture, Sichuan Province \\
1992-07-01 & Tilek Mine, Baicheng County, Xinjiang \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 1: Selected major mine debris flow disasters in 1954–2020 in China.