## 9 Conclusions  
In this paper, we mainly work on providing an extended performance analysis for the three conventional ad hoc network routing protocols AODV, DSR and DSDV. To  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c} \hline \hline
**ParameterNetwork** & **Metric** & **Regular Traffic** & **Irregular Traffic** \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{Nodes quantity} & Throughput & DSR/AODV & DSDV \\ \cline{2-4}  & Consumed energy & DSDV & DSDV \\ \cline{2-4}  & NRL & DSDV & DSR \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}
Table 6: Best selected protocols (node quantity).  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c} \hline \hline
**ParameterNetwork** & **Metric** & **Regular Traffic** & **Joint Traffic** \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{Packets rate} & Throughput & DSR/AODV & DSR/AODV \\ \cline{2-4}  & Consumed energy & DSR & AODV \\ \cline{2-4}  & NRL & DSR & DSDV \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}
Table 4: Best selected protocols (packet rate).  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c} \hline \hline
**ParameterNetwork** & **Metric** & **Regular Traffic** & **Joint Traffic** \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{Node speed} & Throughput & DSR & DSDV & DSR \\ \cline{2-4}  & Consumed energy & DSDV & DSDV/AODV & DSR/DSDV \\ \cline{2-4}  & NRL & DSDV & DSR & DSR \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}
Table 5: Best selected protocols (node speed).  
achieve this aim, various performance metrics have been examined, different types of traffic loads have been implemented in the simulation scenarios and diverse network parameters such as node speed, network node quantity and packet rate are considered. Various simulation environments have been created to enhance the simulation analysis and improve justifications for protocol behaviors.  
Regular traffic, irregular traffic and joint traffic loads have been implemented in the simulation environments when evaluating the routing protocols. The inspected performance metrics are average energy consumption, average throughput, normalized routing load, packet delivery fraction and total dropped packets. Different simulation tools can be used in simulating ad hoc network, in this work we choose network simulator because the tool is well established and widely considered in authors' research for simulating wireless network. The resultant trace files have been parsed using diverse AWK programs to achieve the examined performance metrics. Simulation results demonstrate that none of the routing protocols could deliver the optimal performance for all examined metrics. DSR protocol proves to be more consistent for average throughput and packet delivery fraction in 9 instances when regular traffic and joint traffic loads are considered. On the other hand, results also reveal that DSR is not a suitable candidate with respect to energy consumption mainly when node speed and node quantity parameters are considered. DSDV protocol shows enhanced response over other protocols in 7 cases, in terms of energy consumption when either regular traffic or irregular traffic load is applied, and network size is the key parameter. For joint traffic scenario, DSDV shows better performance only for lower node speed. Regarding AODV protocol, the performance seemed to vary according to the traffic load implemented, but overall, it shows superiority over other protocols in 6 scenarios for joint traffic stream, when either throughput metric or energy consumption metric is measured versus packet rate. Overall, simulation results based on joint traffic load show comparable results to that obtained when regular traffic scenario is inspected.  
Conceptualization, Q.R.; Software, A.B.; Formal analysis, writing review, M.G.; Software, Data curation, L.A.; Writing review & editing, M.A. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.  
This research received no external funding.  
The data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.  
The authors declare no conflict of interest.