# A Scalable and Consistent Method for Multi-Component Gravity-Gradient Data Processing
## 4 Real Data Applications
### Canobie  
The Canobie survey area, located in northern Queensland, Australia, is being explored under contract with Geoscience Australia. It spans latitudes 19\({}^{\circ}\)10\({}^{\prime}\) S to 19\({}^{\circ}\)52\({}^{\prime}\) S and longitudes 140\({}^{\circ}\)27\({}^{\prime}\) E to 141\({}^{\circ}\)01\({}^{\prime}\) E [47]. The area lies within the Mount Isa Province, specifically within the Canobie Domain, which is part of the Eastern Fold Belt Subprovince [48]. The Mount Isa Province is a Paleoproterozoicoic to Mesoproterozoicozoic terrane that forms part of the North Australian Craton. It is recognized as a major metallogenic province, hosting significant deposits of copper, gold, lead, zinc, silver, and uranium. The Canobie Domain is characterized by folded Proterozoic sedimentary and volcanic basement rocks typical of the eastern fold belt of the Mount Isa Inlier. Its definition is based primarily on geophysical characteristics, notably a distinctively high magnetic response [48; 49]. The Eastern Fold Belt Subprovince, which includes the Canobie Domain, is particularly known for shear- and vein-hosted copper deposits, as well as iron oxide-copper-gold (IOCG) mineralization, often associated with mafic magmatism and structural features. The Canobie Airborne Gravity Survey of Northern Queensland, Australia, aims to attract exploration to greenfield areas within the Mount Isa Basin. This survey measured the Falcon AGG components \(\mathbf{g}_{xy}\) and \(\mathbf{g}_{uv}\) using two acquisition channels, A and B. The observed \(\mathbf{g}_{xy}\) component was computed as the average of the measurements from channels A and B, and the same procedure was applied to obtain the observed \(\mathbf{g}_{uv}\) component. These averaged results are shown in Figures 17a and 17b, respectively. The estimated mass distribution results in predicted AGG components (Figure 18) that fit the observed data with satisfactory accuracy. This is supported by the residual maps shown in Figure 19 and by the corresponding histograms, which show near-Gaussian distributions centered around zero ecotvos. The standard deviations of the residuals are 4.06 ecotvos for the \(\mathbf{g}_{xy}\) component and 3.94 ecotvos for the \(\mathbf{g}_{uv}\) component. Additionally, the observed AGG data range from approximately \(-28.8\) to 38.0 ecotvos, giving a total signal amplitude of about 66.8 ecotvos. In this context, an RMSE of around 4 ecotvos corresponds to a signal-to-noise ratio of roughly 15:1, indicating a robust inversion result. Furthermore, the RMSE convergence curve (Figure 19c) flattens after approximately 300 iterations, converging to a value just below 4 ecotvos. The agreement between the residual statistics  
Figure 16: Real data over the Vinton salt dome, USA. The transformation results: (**a**) the predicted \(\mathbf{g}_{zz}\) component and (**b**) the predicted \(\|\
abla\mathbf{g}_{\mu}\|\). and the final RMSE, together with the absence of large coherent patterns in the residuals, suggests that the inversion has successfully recovered the dominant geologic signal, with the remaining misfit primarily reflecting random measurement noise. Most of the survey area is characterized by strong, linear north-south and northeast-trending anomalies, except in the northeastern part, which displays a set of more isolated anomalies. This pattern is evident in both the predicted \(\mathbf{g}_{xy}\) and \(\mathbf{g}_{uv}\) components (Figure 18), as well as in the transformed results, the predicted \(\mathbf{g}_{zz}\) component and \(\|\
abla\mathbf{g}_{\mathbf{z}}\|\), shown in (Figure 20). Figure 17: Canobie airborne gravity survey of Northern Queensland, Australia. The Canobie airborne gravity survey was centered at latitude 19\({}^{\circ}\)31\({}^{\prime}\)04\({}^{\prime\prime}\) S and longitudes 140\({}^{\circ}\)44\({}^{\prime}\)14\({}^{\prime\prime}\) E to the north of Cloncurry.