# The Status of Space Weather Infrastructure and Research in Africa
## 4 Gaps in Infrastructure and Human Resources
### Gaps
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c} \hline
**Country** & **Projects** & **Contacts** \\ \hline Guinea & No new initiatives & \begin{tabular}{c} [PERSON] \\ Direction Nationale de la Méeorologie de \\ Guinee \\ Guinee \\ [EMAIL_ADDRESS] \\ \end{tabular} \\ \hline Kenya & - The 2022 event was planned and carried out at the \\ ICTP in Italy during the first two weeks of October. \\ The subsequent events in the years 2023 and 2024 are \\ planned to be conducted at ICTP, Italy, and in Malindi, \\ Kenya, respectively. These two workshops are planned \\ in the framework of the NORISK project with the \\ collaboration of the Italian Space Agency and the \\ Kenyan Space Agency (ASI). \\ - NORISK will install an ionosonde, a GNSS scintillation \\ receiver, and ICT infrastructure for space weather data \\ and product management in Malindi, and it will \\ develop a nowcasting and forecasting model for TEC in \\ the Eastern Africa region. \\ - The Kenya Space Agency in the year 2020 disbursed \\ about USD 30,000 to two universities for the installation \\ of space weather monitors, and the work is still \\ in progress. \\ - Study of solar flares and geo-effectiveness and \\ potential impact on GNSS systems. \\ \hline Morocco & - Measurements of thermospheric winds with \\ Fabry–Perrot interferometer \\ - Ionospheric irregularities analysis with an all-sky \\ camera (PICASSO) \\ - Analysis of GPS data from five GPS stations installed \\ in Morocco \\ - Analysis of satellite data (SWARM) \\ - Use of simulation resources \\ \hline \end{tabular} \begin{tabular}{c c} \hline  & \begin{tabular}{c} [PERSON] \\ University Mohammed V of Rabat (and \\ University Cady Ayyad of Marrakech) \\ [PERSON]DRESS] \\ \end{tabular} \\ Nigeria & - Analysis of GPS data during various scenarios such as \\ geomagnetic storms, stratospheric warming, solar \\ flares, etc. \\ - Use of ground and satellite data for ionospheric studies \\ - Complexities of the ionosphere using \\ non-linear methods \\ - Ionospheric irregularities studies \\ \hline Rwanda & -Space weather study through an analysis of solar \\ radio bursts. [PERSON] [PERSON] \\ University of Rwanda—College of Science \\ and Technology \\ [EMAIL_ADDRESS] \\ \end{tabular} \\ \hline Republic Congo & - April 2022, National Week of Science: space \\ technologies for sustainable development in Africa. \\ - Contribution of solar wind parameters to the variation \\ of ionospheric activity in the African equatorial zone \\ \hline \end{tabular} \begin{tabular}{c c} \hline  & \begin{tabular}{c} [PERSON] \\ Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia \\ [EMAIL_ADDRESS] \\ Local contact \\ [PERSON] \\ Pwani University \\ j.olwend{tabular} \\ Director General, KSA \\ [PERSON] \\ Technical University of Kenya \\ \end{tabular} \\ Morocco & - Analysis of GPS data from five GPS stations installed \\ in Morocco & - Analysis of satellite data (SWARM) \\ - Use of simulation resources \\ \hline Nigeria & - Studies on equatorial electrojet \\ - Measurements of thermospheric winds with \\ Fabry–Perrot interferometer \\ - Measurements of thermospheric winds with \\ Fabry–Perrot interferometer \\ - Equatorial plasma bubbles with an all-sky camera \\ - Analysis of GPS data during various scenarios such as \\ geomagnetic storms, stratospheric warming, solar \\ flares, etc. \\ - Use of ground and satellite data for ionospheric studies \\ - Complexities of the ionosphere using \\ non-linear methods \\ - Ionospheric irregularities studies \\ \hline \end{tabular} \begin{tabular}{c c} \hline  & \begin{tabular}{c} [PERSON] \\ \\ Direction Nationale de la Méeorologie de \\ Guinee \\ [EMAIL_ADDRESS] \\ \end{tabular} \\ \hline \end{tabular} \begin{tabular}{c c} \hline  & \begin{tabular}{c} - Space weather study through an analysis of solar \\ radio bursts. \\ -Kinematics of CMEs trough solar type II radio bursts \\ and subsequent geo effectiveness \\ -Empirical modelling of storms-time ionospheric TEC \\ and other parameters. \\ \end{tabular} & \begin{tabular}{c} [PERSON] \\ University of Rwanda—College of Science \\ and Technology \\ [EMAIL_ADDRESS] \\ \end{tabular} \\ \hline Republic Congo & \
\begin{tabular}{c} - April 2022, National Week of Science: space \\ technologies for sustainable development in Africa. \\ - Contribution of solar wind parameters to the variation \\ of ionospheric activity in the African equatorial zone \\ \end{tabular} &
\begin{tabular}{c} [PERSON] \\ University Marien Ngouabi \\ bvs\[EMAIL_ADDRESS] \\ \end{tabular} \\ \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}