## 4 Discussion  
Nature is an electrostatically complex system, and organisms grow and propagate under the action of an electrostatic field at all times. There are certain rules of charge distribution and movement in the interior of the system, and changes in the environmental electric field, especially when an additional electric field is added, will certainly have some influence on the internal electric field of the organism, which leads to further changes in the physical structure and biochemical composition of the organism. [PERSON] [17] and [PERSON] [18] ([PERSON] 1991) showed that, when cells were exposed to external high-voltage electric fields of short duration, the potential across the cell membrane was charged by the charge movement, and the corresponding transmembrane potential was then induced inside and outside the cell membrane. When the potential difference across the cell membrane reached 1 V via the action of the electric field force, the cell damage phenomenon occurred and the cell contents overflowed. According to Figure 1, it can be observed that, after PEF treatment, a large number of adherens emerged from the cell contents, which makes the surface rough. [PERSON] et al. [19], in the process of PEF treatment for the conidial germination and fungi of morphology of P.Expansum, under SEM the morphological damage of expanded conidia after PEF treatment also resulted in rough surface, which was consistent with the observation in this experiment. The factors affecting sterilisation via PEF include microbial characteristics (cell type, shape and growth stage), medium characteristics (dielectric composition, conductivity, pH value, and water activity), and PEF parameters (electric field strength, pulse frequency, pulse duration, processing temperature, and processing time) [20]. The target organism in the present study was _R. solani_, a non-sporophyll fungus of the Rhizotenia genus that has strong vitality. The experiment was carried out under medium conditions in which the mycelium suspension was at a natural pH, and the conductivity value was 400 \(\upmu\)s/cm. There are three main arguments in favour of PEF. First, electric field strength, pulse duration, and processing time, which are three important electric field process parameters, have significant impact on the experimental results. [PERSON] [15] exposed yeast cells to PEF with a field strength (E) of up to 220 kV/cm, and analysed the effects of square pulses with different pulse durations (\(\tau\) = 10\(-\)90 ns) and different pulse numbers (\(pn\) = 1\(-\)5). Studies have shown that PEF can induce cell death, depending on the PEF parameters, and this cell death increases with increasing E, \(\tau\), and pn. It can be seen that electric field strength, processing time, and pulse duration play important roles in the _R. solani_ cell damage effect. The data gathered in the present study suggest that, under the model of a voltage quadratic term, the \(p\) value of cell membrane damage rate is 0.0092 (_p_ < 0.01), which is extremely significant (that is, the electric field strength significantly affects the cell membrane damage rate of _R. solani_). [PERSON]'s [21] argument in favour of this paper runs, as follows: the experiment was carried out under PEF conditions of pulse duration \(t=10^{-5}\) s, pulse repetition time \(\Delta t=10^{-2}\) s, pulse number \(n=20\), and a temperature of 25 \({}^{\circ}\)C. When the electric field strength is increased from 3 to 7.5 kV/cm, the conductivity of the yeast suspension increased with the electric field strength, and finally stabilised. [PERSON] [22] combined dual fluorescence staining and flow cytometry to characterise the effect of PEF electric field strength on the _Chlorella_ cell breakage rate. It was found that electric field strength is the key factor affecting the effect of PEF. However, pulse duration, pulse repetition frequency, etc. have little effect on the treatment of _Chlorella_. When the electric field strength was increased from 2.5 to 5.0 mV/m, the cell disruption rate of _Chlorella_ sp.