## 3 Results
### Created Personas  
We developed a total of eight personas covering the four target user groups of visually impaired, hearing impaired, spinal-cord-impaired, and elderly people. In the results, each group has two personas representing remarkable differences within the group: one for an archetypal case and the other for an atypical case. In other words, one persona in a group represents a well-known or often-considered case of disabilities or elderlies, while the other represents the case that may be considered rarely. Hence, the archetypal personas are blind, \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c} \hline \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**Timely Context**} & \multicolumn{6}{c}{**IEC 63008 Accessibility Test Task**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**Counts**} \\ \cline{2-2} \cline{4-6}  & **Perceive** & **Recognize** & **Monitor** & **Reach** & **Operate** & \\ \hline Pre-Usage & 4 & 3 & 4 & 3 & 14 \\ \hline Usage & 9 & 17 & 21 & & 5 & 52 \\ \hline Mid-Usage & 1 & 2 & 8 & & & 11 \\ \hline Post-Usage & 1 & & 4 & 1 & 1 & 7 \\ \hline Maintenance & & 2 & 3 & 1 & & 5 \\ \hline Counts & 15 & 24 & 40 & 1 & 9 & 89 \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**Timely Context**} & \multicolumn{6}{c}{**IEC 63008 Accessibility Test Task**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**Counts**} \\ \cline{2-2} \cline{4-6}  & **Perceive** & **Recognize** & **Monitor** & **Reach** & **Operate** & \\ \hline Pre-Usage & & 1 & 1 & 1 & 2 & 5 \\ \hline Usage & 3 & 11 & 8 & 1 & & 23 \\ \hline Mid-Usage & & 1 & 11 & & & 12 \\ \hline Post-Usage & & & 2 & 4 & 2 & 8 \\ \hline Maintenance & 1 & & 3 & & 3 & 7 \\ \hline Counts & 4 & 13 & 25 & 6 & 7 & 55 \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**Timely Context**} & \multicolumn{6}{c}{**IEC 63008 Accessibility Test Task**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**Counts**} \\ \cline{2-2} \cline{4-6}  & **Perceive** & **Recognize** & **Monitor** & **Reach** & **Operate** & \\ \hline Pre-Usage & 2 & 3 & & 23 & 5 & 33 \\ \hline Usage & 2 & 2 & 7 & 9 & 12 & 32 \\ \hline Mid-Usage & 1 & & & & 2 & 3 \\ \hline Post-Usage & & & & 15 & 2 & 17 \\ \hline Maintenance & & & 1 & 3 & 3 & 7 \\ \hline Counts & 5 & 5 & 8 & 50 & 24 & 92 \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**Timely Context**} & \multicolumn{6}{c}{**IEC 63008 Accessibility Test Task**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**Counts**} \\ \cline{2-2} \cline{4-6}  & **Perceive** & **Recognize** & **Monitor** & **Reach** & **Operate** & \\ \hline Pre-Usage & & 6 & 4 & 3 & 5 & 18 \\ \hline Usage & 2 & 6 & 3 & 1 & 2 & 14 \\ \hline Mid-Usage & & & 4 & & 1 & 5 \\ \hline Post-Usage & & & 1 & 3 & 1 & 5 \\ \hline Maintenance & 1 & & 2 & 5 & 9 & 17 \\ \hline Counts & 3 & 12 & 14 & 12 & 18 & 59 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 4: Accessibility issues counted for visually impaired/hearing impaired/spinal-cord impaired/elderly users. deaf, closed-fist, and grandma personas, whereas the atypical personas are low-vision, cochlear implemented, opened-palm, and grandpa personas, as shown in Figure 4.  
As mentioned above, each persona is represented in a form of a persona card. For example, Ms. [PERSON] is the archetypal visually impaired persona representing the blind users. As shown in Figure 5, Her persona card describes who she is on the left: her physical characteristics and how she uses them, an assistive device she uses, and family members. On the right side are her behavior and attitude toward home appliance usage along with a relevant quotation and accessibility issues. Her task barriers and goals are expressed iconically in terms of IEC 63008 tasks, in her case, they are perceive, recognize, and monitoring. At the bottom of her persona card is summarized her accessibility issues in a brief manner--frustration and need. She is frustrated when the opera  
Figure 4: Eight personas created for four target user groups (archetypal and atypical personas). Figure 5: Persona card of Ms. [PERSON], the blind persona. difficult to find or distinguish due to a lack of auditory explanation and tactile cues. In addition, she struggles to comprehend the current status of home appliances, whether it is running or how it changed after her control inputs.