## 5 Conclusions  
This study introduces a method to evaluate deep shear deformation penetration in ferritic stainless steel via DSR, taking contact conditions into account. The method integrates experimental (from EBSD analysis) and theoretical (VPSC analysis) rotation axes to identify the activity of the [112] \(<\) 111 \(>\) slip system and determine whether it is activated under plane strain or a combination of plane strain and shear. To reflect the conditions of the early stage of plastic deformation, EBSD analysis was performed on regions with orientation gradients below 15\({}^{\circ}\), and VPSC analysis was conducted using the affine approach within the first-order self-consistent framework. This study presents the first evidence of [112] \(<\) 111 \(>\) slip system \"solo\" activity occurring under plane strain combined with shear, even in the central region of the non-lubricated sample. This activity is observed particularly in grains with a \(\{111\}<\) 110 \(>\) orientation, which are more prone to rotation from shear, supporting the phenomenon of deep shear penetration. Despite its limitations to the early stage of plastic deformation and grain with \(\{111\}\)//ND orientation, this study effectively confirms that shear deformation contributes to uniformity in slip system activity by incorporating shear deformation mode. The study of this material presents the potential for developing a material with a uniform, fine-grained microstructure, leading to enhanced toughness. Conceptualization, S.F., W.B., J.-H.K., I.P.W. and Y.G.K. ; Methodology, S.F., W.B., J.-H.K., I.P.W. and Y.G.K. ; Software, S.F. and I.P.W. ; Validation, S.F., W.B., J.-H.K., I.P.W. and Y.G.K. ; Formal analysis, W.B. ; Investigation, S.F. and W.B. ; Resources, W.B. ; Data curation, S.F., W.B. and I.P.W. Writing--original draft, S.F. and W.B. ; Writing--review & editing, S.F., W.B., J.-H.K., I.P.W. and Y.G.K. ; Visualization, J.-H.K., I.P.W. and Y.G.K. ; Supervision, J.-H.K., I.P.W. and Y.G.K. ; Project administration, J.-H.K. and Y.G.K. ; Funding acquisition, J.-H.K. and Y.G.K. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript. * [PERSON] et al. (2021) [PERSON]; [PERSON]; [PERSON] Visco-Plastic Self-Consistent Modeling of Crystallographic Texture Evolution Related to Slip System Activated during Machining Ti-6 Al-4V. _J. Alloys Compd._**2021**, _853_, 157336. [CrossRef]
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