## 3 Results  
### Evaluation of City Parameters for Urban Areas  
Although there are many factors affecting urban LULC, population is the most important factor for this situation. Also, there will be a proportional increase in human-induced artificial objects on the surface with an increase in population. As a result of population growth, there may be simultaneous increases in residence, industry, and green areas to meet the growing demands. So, there may be a decrease in agriculture and open-space areas. Therefore, energy consumption and waste amounts will be increased. LULC classified data obtained with satellite imagery and statistical data are related to each other for cities [18; 45]. This relationship was examined between the changes in the Gaziantep Urban Atlas spatio-temporal data and the statistical data of city parameters (Table 1). The change analysis for Gaziantep showed that the population had increased, and this had an impact on the construction and the urban fabric of areas. When the population was analyzed for Gaziantep, it was found that the city received continuous migration, so there was an 18% increase in its population, approximately 320,000 people, in 8 years. It could be interpreted that population growth occurred every year, and in particular, that the increase in the Syrian population triggered the population growth of Gaziantep [36]. There was a 13.5% increase in the population between 2010 and 2015, and there were 311,759 Syrians in the city, which was 16% of the 2015 population. As expected, the population increase also led to an increase in the number of vehicles due to migration [36]. Therefore, the increasing number of people and vehicles caused requirements for buildings and roads in the urban area. Changes in LULC occur in every developing city due to population growth, and residence sales increased by 21% between 2015 and 2018. Also, population growth occurred with existing and new residences. The number of hospitals continuously increased each year by a factor of 2 to 3, proportionate to population growth, from 2010 to 2018. When spatially examined, it was believed that the increase in hospital numbers has an impact on the growth of public areas, as indicated by the Urban Atlas. Additionally, the number of patients per thousand people increased from 1.2 in 2010 to 1.4 in 2012, and this rate was maintained at 1.4 from 2012 to 2018. Therefore, it was observed that the increase in population and the number of hospitals correlates with an increase in the number of doctors [36]. When examining the Urban Atlas maps, the increase in construction areas in 2018 was close to residential and industrial areas in the city center. Therefore, this increase will provide the residential, public, and industrial business needs associated with the population. As seen in the Gaziantep Urban Atlas spatio-temporal data, the increase in urban fabric, commercial, industrial, private, and road areas was compatible with population-related data. In terms of urban landscaping such as parks and sports fields, the municipal budgets were similar in 2010 and 2012, but the budget in 2015 was 90% and 102% higher than the other years, respectively [37]. Therefore, increases in the green urban areas and sports class (code 14000) could also be evaluated with the budget increase in the Urban Atlas spatio-temporal data due to population growth and urbanization. The budget change can also be partially seen in Figures 6 and 7 with increases in the green urban areas and sports class (code 14000) for urban landscaping. The sulfur dioxide (SO2) values were evaluated from meteorological stations to determine air pollution. When the relationship was analyzed between the increase in population/urban fabric and air pollution, the maximum air pollution increased from 2010 to 2018, with values of 177.47 \(\mathrm{\SIUnitSymbolMicro}\)\(\mathrm{\SIUnitSymbolMicro}  
i.e., human activities, and so it could be interpreted that the amount of pollution and waste might increase in direct proportion to human activities.