# Artificial Intelligence in Aviation: New Professionals for New Technologies
## 2 Related Works
### AI in Official Documents of Civil Aviation Organizations  
Several key civil aviation organizations have released official documents highlighting the growing role of AI in the industry and providing recommendations for its implementation. The International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) has emphasized preparing the next generation of aviation professionals for an AI-enabled future [34]. In their 2017 Training Report, ICAO highlighted the need to augment aviation training with AI technologies and build competencies to utilize AI tools. Additionally, ICAO's 2019 Working Paper on artificial intelligence and digitalization in aviation outlines guidance for implementing AI in areas like air traffic management. It encourages further R&D and building workforce expertise in AI [4]. The European Union Aviation Safety Agency (EASA) released its Artificial Intelligence Roadmap in 2020 [35]. This strategic document calls for increased research into aviation AI applications, addressing relevant safety and societal risks. It provides an analysis of AI use cases and proposes an AI oversight framework. EASA aims to support the development, testing, and approval of aviation AI systems. EUROCONTROL's FLY AI report from 2020 stresses the need to accelerate AI adoption, specifically in air traffic management [36]. It recommends building a shared AI infrastructure, fostering an \"AI culture\", and developing expertise through training and education programs. EUROCONTROL also established a task force on AI in aviation to drive progress. Though this research focuses on European aviation education, it is worth seeing the trends across the ocean, keeping in mind that air transportation is one of the most globally integrated industries. In 2022, the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) released a description for certification of a new course: Technical Discipline: Artificial Intelligence--Machine Learning [37]. This document states that Machine Learning works to retain and broaden U.S. leadership in research and knowledge related to how machine learning may be used in aviation systems and how to evaluate the integration of components based on machine learning with aircraft software. In 2018, the International Air Transport Association (IATA), in its white paper [38], pronounced that the IATA is eager to raise awareness and support airlines and the wider value chain to reap the benefits of new technologies such as AI. Through applied research and development, proof of concepts, pilots, and engagement with the academic and start-up sectors, we aim to accelerate innovation [38]. The above-discussed civil aviation authorities' efforts to prepare for AI align with the broader strategy taking shape at the highest levels of European governance. As outlined in the European Commission's 2021 European AI strategy [39] (EU AI Act: the first regulation on artificial intelligence), it aims to establish the EU as a world leader in human-centric, trustworthy AI across sectors, including transportation. This demonstrates awareness at the policymaking level about AI's transformative potential and the need to build an ethical, excellence-focused framework to realize benefits while assuring safety. The concrete rules and plans put forward by European authorities, both within aviation specifically and AI strategy broadly, reinforce the pressing need to equip students through updated aviation curricula and research that keeps pace with AI's rapidly evolving role in the field. In April 2021, the EU Commission presented its AI package, including:  
* Communication on fostering a European approach to AI [40]. * a review of the Coordinated Plan on Artificial Intelligence (with EU Member States) [41]. * proposal for a regulation laying down harmonized rules on AI (AI Act) and relevant Impact assessment [42].