## 3 Methodology
### The Well Sequence
The experimental results depict that the KN-PSO and H-DE have superior accuracy of convergence and avoid local optima in a better way. The proposed techniques are compared with a family of low-discrepancy sequences approaches for PSO and DE and also compared with traditional PSO and DE using random distribution and provide better results. The core objective of this research is applicable to other stochastic-based metaheuristic algorithms which develop the future direction of our work. Data curation, M.R.H. ; Formal analysis, A.A.B.A.I. ; Methodology, K.N. ; Project administration, J.J.P.C.R. ; Resources, D.B.R. ; Writing--review & editing, W.H.B. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript. The manuscript APC is supported by Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Jalan UMS, 88400, KK, Malaysia. Furthermore, this work is partially funded by FCT/MCTES through national funds and when applicable co-funded EU funds under the Project UIDB/50008/2020; and by Brazilian National Council for Scientific and Technological Development - CNPq, via Grant No. 313036/2020-9. Not applicable. The authors declare no conflict of interest. Figure 44: Multicomparison post hoc Tukey test graph of DE variants. ## References

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