## 4 Discussion  
Our investigation into the _P. patens_ profile sheds light on its chemical composition and structural intricacies, highlighting its significance in the terrestrial adaptation of plants. The similarities observed with flowering plants, coupled with the evolutionary conservation of key genes, underscore the importance of the cuticle in regulating water status and providing protection against environmental stressors. The detection of some gibberell precursors may suggest their potential role as plant hormones in the maturation processes of _P. patens_[45]. Additionally, the presence of C16 and C18 fatty acids may imply their involvement as promoters for the cutin layer, among other functions. The identification of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), a type of auxin, further emphasizes the nuanced interplay of hormonal and structural factors contributing to the development of wax layers in _P. patens_ gametophores [22; 23; 25; 26; 42]. The extraction with supercritical CO2 provided information on the less water-soluble components, and ceruchinol reappeared as the predominant compound, together with other kaurane derivatives. The detection of possible substrates or products of suberin polymerization reinforces our assumptions about the complex molecular composition of the protonation and gametophores of _P. patens_, besides further enhancing water conservation and adaptation to diverse environmental conditions. The presence of ceruchinol in _P. patens_ has been described [33; 46], but no such complete determination of the _P. patens_ molecular profile has been possible to date, as this compound, in the field, is difficult to find due to its minimal concentration and present only for a few months of the year. In any case, the low concentration of Kaurene could be argued as well due to its high volatility [47]. The identified compounds, especially ceruchinol, open new ways for further research into their potential commercial applications and offer a bioinspired perspective for future studies. The comprehensive insights gained from this investigation enhance our knowledge of the ecological and biotechnological culture success of _P. patens_. It provides a foundation as well for continued exploration in the field of plant adaptation to terrestrial environments and the possibility of a biotechnological cultivation in the laboratory. To further elucidate potential topical application effects of these extracts on human skin, an in-silico approach was used to study possible interactions between ceruchinol and candidates from several databases of possible targets and interactions [44; 48]. In our in-silico experiments targeted Estradiol 17\(\beta\)-dehydrogenase 1 (17\(\beta\)-HSD1), it appears that ceruchinol, mostly present as a major component of the CO2 extract, has the potential to inhibit the catalyzed conversion of estrogen E1 to the more active E2 (Figure 18). This inhibitory effect is noteworthy, as it suggests a mechanism for controlling local E2 levels by targeting 17\(\beta\)-HSD1 [49; 50]. However, our coupling study could not deliver a proper effect on that interaction. Furthermore, ceruchinol is under research for its ability to modulate the activity of AKR1D1. Our coupling study could not deliver a proper effect on that interaction but suggests that ceruchinol would act as a substrate in the catalyzed reaction. Figure 18: Enzymatic reaction catalyzed by 17-\(\beta\)-dehydrogenase 1 (17\(\beta\)-HSD1). Aldo-keto reductase 1D1 (AKR1D1) is a specific member of the AKR family. It is primarily known for its involvement in bile acid synthesis and catalyzes the conversion of 7-\(\alpha\)-hydroxycholesterol to 7-\(\alpha\)-hydroxy-4-cholesterol-3-one, a crucial step in the biosynthesis of cholic acid and chenodeoxycholic acid, which are primary bile acids [51]. Apart from its principal role, AKR1D1 has also been implicated in the metabolism of certain steroid hormones.