###### Abstract
[PERSON] linked the critical force in the box compression test (BCT) with paper parameters (Concora liner test (CLT), liner type) and the dimensions of the box [8]. In 1963, the most popular and widely adopted model was proposed by [PERSON], [PERSON] and [PERSON] [9]. This model considered the parameters for paperboard (edge crush test (ECT), flexural stiffnesses) and box perimeter. It was primarily used for relatively simple containers as a practical formula. Several researchers have since attempted to broaden the scope of [PERSON]'s model. In 1985, [PERSON] et al. [10] modified the formula to adjust [PERSON]'s constant and exponents. Two years later, [PERSON] et al. [11] expanded the range of equipment and cutting methods based on [PERSON]'s concept. Building on this, [PERSON] et al. [12] incorporated the box dimensions into the equation. Concurrently, [PERSON] et al. [13] factored in the Poisson ratio. In [PERSON] et al. 's publication [9], a specific constant value was decisively selected, requiring calibration for various types of boxes, resulting in a somewhat limited method suitable only for certain standard boxes. More recently, in 2020, [PERSON] et al. [14] analyzed this constant in more complex scenarios. If the analysis needed to include transversal shear stiffness, additional tests were required. This aspect was further examined and modified by [PERSON] et al. [22], and again, in 2020, by [PERSON] et al. [23]. Conversely, numerical methods are frequently employed for advanced analysis of the strength of corrugated boxes. The finite element method (FEM) stands out as the most comprehensive and effective technique for this purpose. It is extensively used in the analysis of corrugated board boxes, particularly for studying buckling phenomena [16] and the transverse shear stiffness of corrugated boards [17; 24]. Corrugated paperboards are often modeled as sandwich panels [25], a technique widely used in numerical modeling by numerous scientists. In today's context, where cost savings are a primary goal, it is crucial to minimize computational expenses. Simultaneously, achieving precise results is essential, underscoring the importance of using models,which realistically simplify the analyzed bodies without losing touch with actual conditions. Multi-layered materials [26; 27; 28] and thus structures composed of layered materials can be effectively utilized in numerical simulations by applying a process known as homogenization [1; 14]. This process simplifies the structure of the corrugated board cross-section, allowing the material composed of various layers to be represented as a single layer with composite effective properties. As a result, external loads applied to the homogenized structure are expected to produce effects very similar to those on a structure with a core made of different materials. [PERSON] [29] proposed a homogenization method based on strain energy for sandwich panels. In this proposal, he considered representative elements of both heterogeneous and homogenized structures. [PERSON] et al. [30] introduced a series of homogenization methods, leading to the derivation of a shell equivalent to pure bending. [PERSON] [31] utilized the FEM for the micromechanical analysis of plates. The torsional rigidity of orthotropic sandwich plates was determined by decomposing the plates into two beams along their respective directions, a method developed by [PERSON] and [PERSON] [32]. [PERSON] and [PERSON] compared two homogenization approaches: one based on the classical laminated plate theory and the deformation energy equivalence method [33], and the other on inverse analysis [34]. In their study, [PERSON] et al. [35] presented the results of box compression tests and analyzed various regression models to explore how pallet overhang affects the reduction in effective box compression strength (BCT). Their observations revealed that effective BCT diminishes as the overhang increases, a trend also noted in prior studies.