# Soybean Germination Response to Algae Extract and a Static Magnetic Field Treatment
## 1 Introduction
[PERSON] et al., investigated the impact of SMF (time of seed exposurefor 3, 6, and 12 min, magnetic inductionof 400 mT) and _C. glomerata_ 10% extract on the soybean seed variety \"Merlin\" [14]. The best results (germination percentage and chlorophyll content) were observed for simultaneous application of SMF for 12 min and 10% algal extract. [PERSON] et al., compared the impact of both SMF (time of seed exposure for 3, 6, and 12 min, magnetic induction of 400 mT) and AMF (alternating magnetic field, time of seed exposure for 1, 2.5, and 5 min, magnetic induction of 30 mT, frequency of 50 Hz) combined with 10% _C. glomerata_ extract on the soybean seed variety \"Merlin\" [9]. The highest germination percentage and chlorophyll content were obtained for simultaneous use of SMF for 3 min and 10% algal extract and AMF at 2.5 min. The research hypothesis assumes that soybean seed treatment with a static magnetic field and macroalgae extract will have a synergistic effect, manifested by an increase in seed germination, plant length, biomass weight and chlorophyll content in leaves. In contrast to our previous studies, this time, the impact of different _Cladophora glomerata_ extract concentrations and different magnetic inductions were also checked. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{p{56.9 pt} p{113.8 pt} p{113.8 pt} p{113.8 pt}} \hline \hline
**Magnetic Induction [mT; Millitesla]** & **Time of Exposure** & **Effects** & **Reference** \\ \hline
200 & 60 min & significant increase in the plant growth attributes, biomass accumulation, and photosynthetic performance under both well-watered and water-stress conditions; chlorophyll \(a\) fluorescence transient—higher fluorescence yield at J–I–P phase as compared to the control; increase in photosynthetic pigments, efficiency of PSII, performance index based on absorption of light energy, photosynthesis, and nitrate reductase activity; mitigation the adverse effects of water stress **(L)** & **[46]** \\ \hline
30 & 300 min (for 4 days) & increase in vigor index II; no effect on seed germination; significant increase in the ratio of fresh weight to dry weight and ferritin content as compared to the control; protection of seedlings from the risk of increase in internal Ca content **(L)** & **[47]** \\ \hline
20; 30 & 300 min (for 5 days) & 20 mT—decrease in gene expression of Fe transporter, ferrous and H\({}_{2}\)O\({}_{2}\) contents and gene expression, content and activity of ferritin and catalase; 30 mT—opposite results to 20 mT; SMF triggers a signaling pathway that is mediated by Fe **(L)** & **[48]** \\ \hline
200 & 60 min & significant increase in leaf area, specific leaf weight, photosynthesis, nitrogenase activity and ASA/DHA (ascorbic acid to dehydrocarbate) ratio; significant decrease in H\({}_{2}\)O\({}_{2}\), ASA and antioxidant enzymes as compared to the control; improve in the biomass accumulation, yield, and harvest index of soybean under both the saline and non-saline conditions; compensation for the negative effects of salinity stress **(L)** & **[48]** \\ \hline
400 & 3; 6; 12 min & improvement in germination percentage for all times of treatment (3 min—11%; 6 min—14%; 12 min—14%) as compared to the control (9\%) **(L)** & **[14]** \\ \hline
400 & 3; 6; 12 min & 6 and 12 min—improvement in germination percentage (85% both) as compared to the control (83%). 3 and 12 min—improvement in chlorophyll content (SPAD value 33.3 and 40.0 respectively) as compared to the control (31.5) **(L)** & **[7]** \\ \hline
200 & 60 min & increase in the tolerance of soybean seedlings to ambient UV-B stress, leaf weight, efficiency of PSII, activity of carbonic anhydrase and nitrogenase, nucleic acid and protein content, nitric oxide, and yield as compared to the control **(L)** & **[6]** \\ \hline  & & control—untreated seeds, L—test in the laboratory, F—field research. & **[7]** \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 2: _Cont._