# An Improved Arc Fault Location Method of DC Distribution System Based on EMD-SVD Decomposition
## 5 Conclusions  
In this paper, based on a single-ended traveling wave locating principle, a combined EMD-SVD method is proposed to realize the calibration of the fault traveling wave head. A \(\pm\)10 kV DC distribution network model is built in PSCAD V4.6 simulation software, and the reliability and accuracy of the algorithm are verified in MATLAB R2021b.  
The locating results show that the scheme can well extract the high-frequency fault traveling wave signal and calibrate the arrival moment of the traveling wave head, and the ranging error range of the whole line is between 0.055% and 1.157%, which has a high ranging accuracy. In addition, in a comparative study with other schemes, it was found that the high-frequency signal extracted by EMD is smoother and has a larger wave amplitude, and there are obvious wave peaks only at the mutation points, which is more conducive to the realization of fault localization. However, facing the challenge of high resistance, when the transition resistance is large, the wave amplitude decreases sharply, and it may not be able to identify the wave head and the localization failure.  
The following factors primarily affect the accuracy of the proposed scheme in this paper:  
1. Wave velocity. The article uses the empirical wave speed and substitutes it into the ranging formula to calculate the fault distance. However, in reality, traveling wave propagation in the line does not propagate at a fixed wave speed, and the use of a fixed wave speed to calculate will inevitably cause a certain error.
2. The algorithm itself. The EMD algorithm, in the process of decomposition of the signal, may appear to have modal aliasing and an endpoint effect. The EMD decomposition process is from high-frequency to low-frequency decomposition, the highest frequency component priority separation. In this paper, we use the highest frequency component of EMD and focus more on the abruptness of the signal. The degree of influence of the algorithm is minimized. However, further improvement of the algorithm may improve the accuracy of the experimental results.  
Finally, although the traveling wave method has the phenomenon of sensitivity to transition resistance, it has received attention for its higher accuracy and faster speed. The study in this paper verifies the feasibility of the traveling wave method for use in DC distribution networks as well as its ranging accuracy. In view of the influencing factors, we will focus on the influence of traveling wave speed, improve the application of the EMD  
Figure 16: Wave head identification with different signal processing methods. (**a**) Full view. (**b**) Expanded view.  
algorithm in traveling wave ranging in subsequent research, and promote the development of hardware platforms.  
[PERSON] supervised the study and coordinated the main theme of this paper. [PERSON] prepared the manuscript and completed the simulations. [PERSON] and [PERSON] discussed the results and implications and commented on the manuscript. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.  
Project supported by the National Key R&D Program of China (2021 YFE0103800).  
Not applicable.  
The data used to support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon request.  
The authors declare no conflict of interest.