## 3 Results
### LULC Map  
Figure 8 shows the LULC map of Mato Grosso state derived from the random forest classification of the maximum and standard deviation fractions of soil, vegetation, and shade, in roughly 90 MP (megapixels). The areas occupied by each LULC class in the Amazonia, Cerrado, and Pantanal biomes are shown in Table 2.  
Figure 7: RGB color composite of the maximum soil, vegetation, and shade proportions derived from fraction images of Mato Grosso state. Cropland is highlighted in yellow, and forestland is highlighted in green.  
The dominant LULC class in Mato Grosso is forestland, covering an area of approximately 422,000 km\({}^{2}\) (45% of the state), mostly in the northern and southern parts of the state, followed by pastureland (\(\sim\)228,000 km\({}^{2}\), 24% of the state), basically found throughout the state. The spatial distribution of forestland and pastureland agrees quite well with the MODIS-based LULC map of Mato Grosso from 2017 [52]. Forestland and pastureland are also the dominant LULC classes in the part of the state covered by the Amazonia biome: 64% and 26%, respectively. Forestland, humid savanna, and pastureland are the three dominant LULC classes in areas occupied by the Cerrado biome: 25%, 27%, and 26%, respectively. In the Pantanal biome, we found 35% forestland and 32% humid savanna, the two most dominant LULC types in this biome.  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c} \hline
**LULC class** & **Amazonia** & **Cerrado** & **Pantanal** & **Subtotal** \\ \hline Croplands & 14,178 & 25,111 & 175 & 39,464 \\ Forestland & 310,353 & 89,329 & 22,272 & 421,954 \\ Water bodies & 955 & 773 & 1701 & 3429 \\ Humid savanna & 17,406 & 93,790 & 20,679 & 131,875 \\ Pastureland & 124,133 & 92,772 & 11,304 & 228,208 \\ Dry savanna & 18,584 & 50,735 & 8016 & 77,336 \\ \hline Subtotal & 485,609 & 352,510 & 64,147 & 902,266 \\ \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}
Table 2: Area (km\({}^{2}\)) occupied by the representative LULC classes of Mato Grosso state, estimated according to the PROBA-V 100-m classification by the random forest algorithm.  
Figure 8: Land use and land cover map of Mato Grosso state derived from the maximum and standard deviation fraction images of 2015. Identification of indigenous lands: 1 = Parque do Xingu; 2 = Parque do Aripuaná; and 3 = Paresi. Cuiabá is the capital of Mato Grosso state.  
A large portion of forestland in Mato Grosso is protected by indigenous lands, especially by the Parque do Xingu and the Parque do Aripuana indigenous lands in the northeastern and northwestern regions of Mato Grosso, as well as the Paresi indigenous land in the western part of the state (Cerrado biome). Surprisingly, there is a lack of permanently protected conservation units in Mato Grosso, which is commonly found in other states in the Amazonia biome. The cropland occurs mostly in the central part of the state, adjacent to the cities of Nova Mutum, Lucas do Rio Verde, Sorriso, and Sinop, in the Cerrado/Amazonia ecotone region, and along the BR-163 highway (Cuiaba-Santarem highway, not shown in Figure 8), where most of the cropland and forest losses due to clear cutting and selective logging are found [53; 54]. Primavera do Leste is the major grain-producing region in the state, located in the Cerrado biome. Juina, Colniza, and Alta Floresta, mostly occupied by pasturelands, are important in terms of Amazon biodiversity conservation. These are priority regions of the Brazilian Institute of Environment and Renewable Natural Resources (IBAMA) to combat and control illegal deforestation in the BLA since they are located near the Amazonas state, where we find large fragments of pristine rainfall forest. In the region of Sao Felix do Araguia, we find the largest areas of humid savannas in Mato Grosso, located over the alluvial sediments of the Araguia River basin [55; 56]. In Brazil, the Araguia River Basin and the Pantanal are the two largest wetlands influenced by tropical, seasonal floods.