# An Embedded System Based on Raspberry Pi for Effective Electrocardiogram Monitoring
###### Abstract  
In recent years, there has been a growing demand for affordable and user-friendly medical diagnostic devices due to the rise in global diseases. This study focuses on the development of an embedded system based on Raspberry Pi that enables faster and more efficient monitoring of electrocardiogram (ECG). The incorporation of Raspberry Pi allows for both wireless and wired interfaces, facilitating the creation of an ECG diagnostic embedded system capable of real-time detection and immediate response to any abnormalities in heart functionality. The system presented in this research encompasses a comprehensive electronic circuit comprising analog and digital components to measure and display the ECG signal. Within the analog section, the circuit performs essential signal conditioning tasks, such as signal amplification and noise filtering, ensuring a clean signal within the desired frequency range. The entire system is powered using a power bank. The digital segment incorporates an analog-to-digital converter necessary for converting the received analog signal into a digital format compatible with Raspberry Pi. A graphical liquid-crystal display is utilized to display the measured signal. The device successfully measures ECG signals at various heart rates, capturing all crucial peaks that can be used as indicators of an individual's health condition. By comparing the signals obtained from healthy individuals with those exhibiting heart arrhythmias, valuable insights can be gained regarding their health status. The proposed system aims to be portable, cost-effective, and user-friendly in different environments. electrocardiogram; heart disease; embedded system; heart rate; Raspberry Pi +
Footnote †: journal: Medical Imaging  
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Footnote 1: email: {[EMAIL_ADDRESS]}  
Footnote †: journal: Medical Imaging  
Continuous monitoring and analysis of ECG signals provide better diagnoses, assessment, and control of many of the cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) [10; 11]. The risk of heart diseases could be prevented by early and fast monitoring using advance systems [4; 5; 7; 8; 9; 10; 11; 12]. Nowadays, there is a real suffering due to the lack of availability of important medical resources for the treatment of heart diseases especially in developing countries; where there is not enough number of medical experts and clinical equipment [4; 5; 7; 10; 11]. Therefore, developing a reliable, automatic, and low-cost system is necessary for monitoring and diagnosing of diseases. This system can be controlled by linking appropriate medical assessments to utilizing computer-aided diagnosis systems (CADS). An automatic monitoring procedures for health conditions is provided by CADS, it basically works based on analyzing physiological signals for monitoring and evaluating the functionality of the corresponding organ [2; 3; 4; 5; 8; 10]. The advance development in sensor technology, electronic and communication infrastructure, machine learning algorithms, modeling, and data processing lead to introducing a great development in healthcare devices. As a result, ECG monitoring systems have been developed and widely used in the healthcare sector [13; 14; 15; 16; 17; 18; 19; 20]. Powerful processors including microprocessors, microcontrollers, digital signal processors, FPGA, etc. have been widely used for embedded systems due to the development in technological advances such as in microelectronics and software engineering [3; 4; 5; 6]. They are also used for building sophisticated personal computers (PC) and communication networks with varied standards such as TCP/IP, GSM, Bluetooth, Wi-Fi, ZigBee, etc. [3; 4; 5; 7; 14]. The advances in electronics and software technologies have also led to the development of portable systems that are cheap, compact, and light in weight [9; 10; 11; 12; 13; 14]. These systems are user friendly, and can be accessible to large number of people in the world including the developing countries.