## 5 Results
### Exploratory Analysis of Qualitative Data  
After participants completed the questionnaire, semi-structured interviews were conducted to collect preferences and feedback, which were analyzed 3-5 times by the main author using informal coding techniques in the interview transcripts. Finally, the focused categories were synthesized into the following five main concepts:  
**Aesthetics:** Visual design qualities that contribute to the attractiveness or pleasant appearance of the news interface. The concept is embodied in codes such as \"visually appealing\", \"eye-catching\", \"colorful\", and \"having a sense of design.\"  
**Emotion:** Emotion refers to design elements that evoke emotions. The codes \"fun\", \"novel\", \"engaging\", and \"satisfying\" are examples of emotional properties. **Functionality:** The components of the news structure and visualization, such as information design, navigation, and layout. Codes may include \"data are intuitively clear\", \"easy to obtain\", and \"easy to remember.\"  
**Interactivity:** This refers to giving users a variety of opportunities to interact with the news. Examples of codes include \"a sense of feedback and control\", \"change from passive reception to active interaction\", and \"more accessibility.\"  
**Narrative:** This refers to the sequence of the news narrative. This concept is encapsulated by codes like \"too much text\", \"lengthy\", and \"lack of rhythm\". Table 5 shows the results of an ANOVA analysis. As mentioned in Section 5.1, there is a significant difference in perceived interactivity between the three experimental groups. Additionally, participants in the condition that embedded a high-interactivity data visualization had more positive attitudes toward this news (M = 5.52, SD = 0.99, \(p<0.05\)) than those including the medium-interactivity data visualization condition (M = 5.21, SD = 0.86) and the low-interactivity data visualization (M = 4.67, SD = 1.47). In terms of engagement and enjoyment, the different experimental groups did not show significant differences, which we found, from our analysis, might be due to the selected visualization not being engaging enough, with more text. The data set in the material was not rich enough, and a limitation of interaction potential might be one of the reasons for the non-significance of the two measures of engagement and enjoyment. Additionally, enjoyment might be closely related to the comprehensibility of the news, which is also considered an important aspect of the reading experience [62]. If readers are frustrated by their inability to comprehend statistical information, an optimal experience may be compromised [62; 63]. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c} \hline \hline
**Indirect Paths** & **Effect** & **95\% BootCI** \\ \hline Perceived Interactivity \(\rightarrow\) Enjoyment \(\rightarrow\) Attitude & 0.221 & [0.072–0.394] \\ Perceived Interactivity \(\rightarrow\) Engagement \(\rightarrow\) Attitude & 0.097 & [0.002–0.243] \\ Perceived Interactivity \(\rightarrow\) Enjoyment \(\rightarrow\) Engagement \(\rightarrow\) Attitude & 0.105 & [0.010–0.223] \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular} Note: Bootstrap samples of confidence intervals for percentiles = 5000.  
\end{table} 
Table 4: Mediation test. Some interesting insights can be derived from a qualitative analysis of open-ended questions. Table 6 summarizes the positive and negative concepts that emerged from the open-ended questions and provides illustrative quotes from participants. The positive comments from Group 1 focused on aesthetic and emotional concepts. Although the static infographics generally met the audience's basic needs in terms of aesthetics and functionality, it did not allow users to interact with the interface. Participants stated that the layout of the information made it easier to concentrate on specific information and ignore other information. Some argue that adding more interactive space and images would be more user-friendly. In terms of emotion, some participants said it was less engaging, fun, and stressful to read.