## 1 Introduction  
There is no argument that temperature monitoring and thermal effect control are required for electrical applications. Operating temperature is significant in many electrical components' performance including distributed energy resource (DER) networks. The temperature measurements of the integrated DERs system impacts performance immensely. Although many available applications predict temperature scenarios, this paper opens another technology concept to determine uneven temperature indications. The existing schemes used approaches in which the system experiences latency in capability and with high maintenance cost. The proposed concept seeks to monitor the state of the thermal behavior in remote and rural areas of the distributed power grid. It utilizes wireless sensor networks (WSNs) for real-time online applications. It explores ZigBee and GSM communication techniques for network operations. The complex nature of the DERs grid with different componentsand material characteristics increases the power demand and hence causes severe thermal problems to the network. It then results in a reduced power quality [1; 2]. Thermal behavior monitoring is relevant in electrical distribution networks for the performance of current, voltage, real power, and reactive power. It also influences the operation of protection and control systems. The thermal conditions scenario demands the DERs grid to have prompt system monitoring and potential self-healing schemes to address the development of faults using WSNs [2]. Discussions in [3; 4] consent to the monitoring and reliable strategies of distributed power grid adapting to online monitoring to enhance system performance and integrity. The consent reflects the criteria for analyzing DER grid operations, hence involving Information Technology (IT) and Operational Technology (OT). The technological advancement for merging IT and OT improves data acquisition for system performance of DERs as smart grid [4]. Moreover, in [4; 5] system planning, operation, and protection control, OT promotes efficiency in DER networks. The above discussions support online thermal conditions monitoring and controlling of the grid operations to achieve optimum performance. It is also consistent with the assertions in [3] which advocate that the DERs grid improvement cannot adequately be achieved without real-time and online conditions monitoring of components performance. Furthermore, active integration of the DERs network requires an innovative communication assisted link. It enhances data acquisition for control solutions and involves WSNs for intelligent interoperability systems in emerging smart grid applications [4; 6; 7]. ZigBee/GSM communication links have evolved as standard technology that addresses the needs of most remote monitoring, control, and sensor network applications [8; 9]. Additionally, it aids in evaluating the DERs grid operational resilience and performance characteristics per the data input and output response rates [10]. Thus, the proposed concept aims at providing information about the grid component performance through temperature analysis and processing. The concept could also assist in quantifying energy loss trends due to abnormal temperature thresholds captured data; for example, solar PV high temperature [11], and thermal effects resulting from harmonics [10; 12]. The data obtained from the monitoring can be useful for early assessment of system degradation [10]. The issuing of prompt alert/notification defines control actions, while also impacting functional defects analysis. Besides, it will also be applicable for evaluating the unpredictable weather occurrences from solar PV modules and wind turbine performances. In [13], yearly temperature performance characteristics were done on solar PV cells during normal operation. Similar exercises have been performed on cables, wind turbines, protection systems, and batteries, including inverters in Section 2. The cursory analyses of such studies are discussed in the respective areas of Section 2.