## 1 Introduction
How to efficiently utilize spatial-temporal parking resources and improve the performance of service processes are current important research directions. Three kinds of optimization objectives, including improving the utilization efficiency of parking spaces, improving the degree of satisfaction of drivers and improving the economic benefits of the parking lot were proposed to optimize the allocation of parking space resources. (1) In order to improve the utilization efficiency of parking spaces, some scholars have utilized the methods of parking space layout optimization [3], the dynamic allocation of parking spaces model [11; 12], and parking control management strategies (parking fee adjustment, parking time limit, etc.) [7; 13]. For example, based on the multiagent parking lot simulation model, [PERSON] et al. pointed out that limiting drivers' parking time could increase the number of short-stay drivers and improve the average occupancy rate of parking lot [7]. (2) In order to improve the degree of satisfaction of drivers, some scholars have adopted the methods of parking lot layout optimization [14; 15], parking space intelligent allocation [16; 17] and parking control management strategy (e.g., parking space utilization authority management, restrictive and demand-oriented parking policies, etc.) [18; 19] to allow drivers to park and leave easily. For example, [PERSON] et al. took into account the type of driver (reservation user, non-reservation user), the distance between each sub-parking lot and sub-building, parking capacity and other factors, and established a model of the dynamic allocation of parking spaces, which can reduce the time cost to drivers [16]. (3) In order to improve the economic benefits of the parking lot, some scholars have tried to achieve the profit target by optimizing the parking fee [20; 21; 22] and the quantitative proportion [22] of the different types of parking spaces. For instance, [PERSON] studied the pricing optimization model for different types of parking spaces (temporary, long rent) under the condition that the parking spaces layout can be adjusted or not [22]. However, the majority of research is based on the single optimization objective. There is a lack of research on double objectives or multiobjectives optimization. By analyzing the inadequacy of the current research into parking problems in the complex parking lot, in this paper, a parking spaces supply demand characteristics indexes system from the perspective of \"parking space level\" (single parking space) was built. The demand utilization characteristics of parking spaces in different spatial locations and the parking spaces utilization problems were analyzed. On this basis, the double optimization objectives (improving the degree of degree of satisfaction of drivers and improving the overall utilization efficiency of the parking lot) were considered. Moreover, a model of the dynamic allocation of parking spaces was proposed. The research results can be applied to the parking guidance in complex parking lots, which can not only improve the satisfaction of drivers, but will also balance the utilization efficiency of parking spaces in different zones of the parking lot. The social benefits of the parking lot can be improved. Reconstruction of the Parking Spaces Supply Demand Characteristics Indexes System Based on \"Parking Space Level\"  
Most existing research focuses on the analysis of the utilization characteristics and planning management of parking lots; however, there is lack of research exploring the demand utilization characteristics of parking spaces in different spatial-temporal locations within the parking lot from the perspective of \"parking space level\". The existing research papers make it difficult to accurately analyze the parking problems and support the optimization of space design and parking service (e.g., parking guidance, parking reservation, etc.).