## 3 Results
### Effect of Salt Stress on the Relationship between Cell Vacuolization and the Provacuolar Index
The increase in the provacuolar index was due to the higher salt concentrations. Thus, we can conclude that high concentrations of NaCl accumulate in the vacuoles of cells. Circular movement of the chromosomes was observed in the vacuolized cells (Figure 4D). From our results (Figure 5), no changes in the provacuolar and vacuolization indices were identified in the control samples. On the other hand, the increase in the provacuolar index with the vacuolization index was directly proportional to the NaCl concentration and exposure time. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c} \hline \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**Variant**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**Time**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**Treatment**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**Total Number of Cells Analysed \(\pm\) SE**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**Vacuolization Index (VI)**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**Provacuolar Index (PVI)**} \\ \cline{5-6}  & & & & 2586 \(\pm\) 2.58 & **4.61 \(\pm\) 0.17 \(\lx@math@degree\)** & 2.5 \(\pm\) 0.25 \(\lx@math@degree\) \\ \cline{2-6}  & & 48 & 0 & 2709 \(\pm\) 2.11 & **3.75 \(\pm\) 0.23 \(\lx@math@degree\)** & 2.56 \(\pm\) 0.23 \(\lx@math@degree\) \\ \cline{2-6}  & & 72 & 0 & 2629 \(\pm\) 1.50 & **4.74 \(\pm\) 0.25 \(\lx@math@degree\)** & 2.54 \(\pm\) 0.23 \(\lx@math@degree\) \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{V2} & \multirow{2}{*}{24} & 24 & 100 & 2597 \(\pm\) 1.41 & **13.75 \(\pm\) 0.3 \(\lx@math@degree\)** & 4.97 \(\pm\) 0.31 \(\lx@math@degree\) \\ \cline{2-6}  & & 48 & 100 & 2707 \(\pm\) 1.73 & **17.52 \(\pm\) 0.29 \(\lx@math@degree\)** & 5.87 \(\pm\) 0.36 \(\lx@math@degree\) \\ \cline{2-6}  & & 72 & 100 & 2540 \(\pm\) 2.17 & **17.98 \(\pm\) 0.41 \(\lx@math@degree\)** & 5.14 \(\pm\) 0.3 \(\lx@math@degree\) \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{V3} & \multirow{2}{*}{24} & 24 & 125 & 2787 \(\pm\) 2.08 & **23.41 \(\pm\) 0.23 \(\lx@math@degree\)** & 6.92 \(\pm\) 0.29 \(\lx@math@degree\) \\ \cline{2-6}  & & 48 & 125 & 2742 \(\pm\) 2.54 & **27.56 \(\pm\) 0.49 \(\lx@math@degree\)** & 5.82 \(\pm\) 0.27 \(\lx@math@degree\) \\ \cline{2-6}  & & 72 & 125 & 2630 \(\pm\) 2.43 & **29.28 \(\pm\) 0.94 \(\lx@math@degree\)** & 6.22 \(\pm\) 0.3 \(\lx@math@degree\) \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{V4} & \multirow{2}{*}{24} & 24 & 150 & 2701 \(\pm\) 2.30 & **27.66 \(\pm\) 0.17 \(\lx@math@degree\)** & 7.45 \(\pm\) 0.31 \(\lx@math@degree\) \\ \cline{2-6}  & & 48 & 150 & 2727 \(\pm\) 1.97 & **30.81 \(\pm\) 0.19 \(\lx@math@degree\)** & 7.33 \(\pm\) 0.35 \(\lx@math@degree\) \\ \cline{2-6}  & & 72 & 150 & 2602 \(\pm\) 1.85 & **36.62 \(\pm\) 1 \(\lx@math@degree\)** & 9.05 \(\pm\) 0.41 \(\lx@math@degree\) \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}  
* Superscript letters are used according to the results of the Tukey pairwise comparison test and represent the significance levels of each column value obtained as a function of the NaCl concentration and exposure time. The highest values are noted, starting with the first letter “\(a\)”. The similarity between the superscript letters reflects non-significant differences between the values obtained (\(p>0.05\)).  
\end{table} 
Table 6: Results of the effect of salt on the vacuolization index and provacuolar index. Figure 4: Vacuolized cell formation: cells with multiple provacuoles (**A**, a1), fusion of provacuoles (**A**, a2); cells with multiple provacuoles (**B**); fusion of provacuoles (**C**); circular movement of the chromosomes in metaphase (**D**); normal metaphase with vacuolar cells around it (**E**); presence of nucleoli in the vacuolar cells (**F**); vacuolar cells under 150 mM of NaCl at the 72 h exposure time (**G**) (magnification: 400\(\times\)). Figure 5: Boxplot representation of the provacuolar index and vacuolization index as a function of different salt concentrations for 24 h–72 h exposure times. Superscript letters are used according to the results of the Tukey pairwise comparison test and represent the significance levels of each column value obtained as a function of the NaCl concentration and exposure time. The highest values are noted, starting with the first letter “a”.