# Current Knowledge on the Fungal Degradation Abilities
## 4 Enzymatic Action

Table 6: Overview of fungal species for which isolates have been identified as displaying estereolytic abilities in biodetero-rative plate essays. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c} \hline \hline
**Current Species Name** & **Original Study Focus** & **References** \\ \hline _Alternaria consoritalis_ ([PERSON].) [PERSON] and [PERSON] 1 & Wooden art objects & [36] \\ _Arthriniumphaospermum_ ([PERSON]) [PERSON] & Wooden art objects & [36] \\ _Apergillus amstelodami_ ([PERSON]) Thom and Church 2 & Wooden art objects & [36] \\ _Apergillus uavanori_ [PERSON]. & Wooden art objects & [36] \\ _A Aspergillus fischeri_ [PERSON] 3 & Wooden art objects & [36] \\ _Apergillus flavus_ [PERSON] & Wooden art objects & [36] \\ _Apergillus funtiga_ [PERSON]. & Wooden art objects & [36] \\ _Apergillus niger_ [PERSON] & Wooden art objects & [36] \\ _Apergillus turingatus_ [PERSON]. & Wooden art objects & [36] \\ _Apergillus niger_ [PERSON] & Wooden art objects and air & [36, 69] \\ _Apergillus turingatus_ [PERSON] & Wooden art objects and air & [36, 69] \\ _Apergillus usatus_ ([PERSON]) Thom and Church & Wooden art objects & [36] \\ _Apergillus usatus_ ([PERSON]) Thom and Church & Wooden art objects and air & [36, 69] \\ _Apergillus ustis_ ([PERSON]) Thom and Church & Wooden art objects & [36] \\ _Apergillus versicolor_ ([PERSON]). [PERSON]. & Wooden art objects & [36] \\ _Bauervia bussiana_ (Bals.—Criv.) [PERSON]. & Wooden art objects & [36] \\ _Chaetomium datum_ [PERSON] & Wooden art objects & [36] \\ _Chaetomium globosum_ [PERSON] & Wooden art objects and air & [36, 69] \\ _Cladosporium cladosporoides_ ([PERSON].) [PERSON] & Wooden objects and air & [69] \\ _Cladosporium herbarum_ (Pers.) Link & Wooden art objects & [36] \\ _Cladosporium Link_ & Wooden art objects & [36] \\ _Hypochnictium_ [PERSON]. & Wooden materials & [61] \\ _”Neocosmospora” solani_ (Mart.) [PERSON] 4 & Wooden materials & [70] \\ _Pentiillium chrysogenum_ [PERSON] & Wooden art objects & [36] \\ _Pentiillium expansum_ Link & Wooden art objects & [36] \\ _Pentiillium glabrum_ ([PERSON]) [PERSON] & Wooden art objects & [36] \\ _Pentiillium herquei_ [PERSON] and Sartory & Wooden art objects & [36] \\ _Pentiillium_ Link & Wooden art objects & [36] \\ _Pentiillium sacculum_ [PERSON] & Wooden art objects & [36] \\ _Pseudogymnoascus pamorum_ (Link) [PERSON] 5 & Wooden art objects & [36] \\ _Trichoderma viride_ [PERSON]. & Wooden art objects & [36] \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}  
* Previously identified as: 1 _Alternaria consoritale_, 2 _Eurotium amstelodami_; 3 _Nesaartorqua fischeri_; 4 _Fusarium solani_; 5 _Cryssosporium pamorum._  
\end{table} 
Table 5: Overview of fungal species for which isolates have been identified as displaying keratinocyte abilities in biodetero-orative plate essays. Fungal lipolytic action can have an important impact on the biodeterioration of parchment and leather related materials [91]. Fungi can attack lipids and take advantage of fatty materials as a mean to obtain carbon (while also contributing to the material deterioration) [92]. Fungal lipolytic ability characterization in cultural heritage scenarios has been helpful to study the biodeteriorative contribution of isolates retrieved from air, textiles, human remains, wax seals, albumen photographical materials, statues, wooden organs and pipes [83; 84; 89; 93; 94]. Lipolytic ability screening can be mainly conducted using Spirit Blue agar and Nile blue, and the positive action can be identified by the development of a halo around the colonies, after a period of incubation [89]. Circa sixty species were found to be able of lipolytic action (Table 7). As similarly verified in other deteriorative analyses, _Aspergillus_ and _Penicillium_ species are still predominant in these profiles. The detection of these fungal species on materials rich in fatty compounds, such as wax seals and photographic materials should be considered putatively hazardous.