## 1 Introduction
This model accurately predicts the traction force needed for different types of soil cultivation implements in sandy clay. [PERSON] et al. [18] employing classical mechanics theory, derived a dynamic torque calculation model for rotary tiller blades from a kinetic perspective. When compared to experimental results conducted by [PERSON] et al. [19], the torque calculation showed only a 5% margin of error. [PERSON] et al. [20] employed the orthogonal experimental method to identify the primary experimental factors influencing the single-blade torque of rotary tillage and residue chopping. They established a functional relationship betweenpower consumption and blade speed, as well as cultivation depth. [PERSON] et al. [21] proposed a method to apply vibration loads to a rotary tillage machine to reduce cutting resistance. They investigated the impact of the externally applied excitation mode, frequency, and amplitude on horizontal resistance. [PERSON] et al. [22] constructed an interaction model for straw-soil-rotary tiller, analyzing the interaction between straw, soil, and the tool from the perspectives of soil and straw movement and the force angle on the rotary tiller. [PERSON] et al. [23] analyzed the three-dimensional working resistance and its variations on rotary tiller blades, constructing a simulation model for the interaction between rotary tiller blades and soil adapted to the southern soil conditions. In summary, current research by scholars both domestically and internationally on the calibration of soil parameters suggests that the selection of soil contact models depends primarily on the soil moisture content and the elastic characteristics among soil particles. Different contact models need to be chosen for soil particles in various regions based on these considerations. Regarding the study of working resistance in soil-engaging components, using the discrete element method (DEM) to analyze the working resistance of tools is considered feasible. However, in the complex environment of soil, there are numerous constraining factors, and many challenges still need to be addressed. Previous research has calibrated parameters for soil particles in certain regions, providing insights into the impact patterns and predictive models specifically for the vertical resistance of mechanical equipment. However, there is a lack of comparative analysis for the resistance in the other two directions and a comprehensive understanding of the variations in resistance along all three directions. The objective of this study is to precisely calibrate the interaction parameters between cohesive soil in Southern orchards and the borehole fertilization drilling device. Additionally, a simulation analysis of the three-dimensional working resistance of the spiral drilling tool is conducted. The study involves designing the three-dimensional structure of the drilling device using Solid Works and employing the discrete element method software EDEM2021 to build a simulation model for the interaction between soil-soil and soil-drilling-device. Simulation experiments are performed to replicate the drilling process, analyzing the influence of rotational speed and feed rate on torque and resistance. Finally, a simulation analysis is conducted to understand the impact of various experimental factors on the three-dimensional resistance experienced by the spiral drilling tool, aiming to derive a combination of operational parameters with lower energy consumption. This research establishes a soil-soil and soil-spiral-drilling-tool interaction model tailored to the soil conditions prevalent in Southern orchards, enhancing model accuracy by setting the soil particle model radius. The results of the simulation analysis on the three-dimensional working resistance of the spiral drilling tool provide valuable reference data for the analysis of fertilization energy consumption, as well as studies on equipment vibration and wear.