# A Survey on Secure WiFi Sensing Technology: Attacks and Defenses
## 5 Challenges and Opportunities
### WiFi Sensing Algorithm Developers  
**(1) Reducing Impact on WiFi Communication Systems**: Many existing defense methods aimed at protecting WiFi communication systems can significantly impact their performance, often leading to hindered data communication and diminished functionality of WiFi devices. For instance, they may introduce latency, reduce data throughput, and increase computational overhead, which in turn potentially compromises the overall efficiency and user experience of WiFi communication networks. In light of these challenges, future developments in secure WiFi sensing algorithms must focus on mitigating the impact of these defenses while preserving the integrity and performance of WiFi communication. This involves developing advanced algorithms that integrate seamlessly with existing communication protocols without introducing significant overhead or latency. One approach could be to design adaptive security mechanisms that dynamically adjust their level of protection based on the context and the perceived threat level, thereby balancing security and performance. For example, algorithms could implement context-aware encryption that adapts the encryption strength based on the sensitivity of the transmitted data and the security requirements of the specific application. On one hand, innovations in efficient signal processing and machine learning can lead to more effective defenses that have minimal impact on WiFi communication. Techniques such as lightweight cryptographic algorithms and real-time anomaly detection can help reduce computational demands and maintain high throughput. The use of edge computing can also offload some of the processing tasks from the WiFi devices themselves to edge servers, further minimizing the performance impact. On the other hand, future research could explore novel approaches to integrating security and communication more holistically. This might include developing secure communication protocols that inherently incorporate robust defense mechanisms without compromising efficiency. For instance, protocols designed with built-in resilience to attacks could prevent the need for separate security layers that disrupt communication. **(2) Privacy Preservation in Secure WiFi Sensing**: Privacy is a significant concern in WiFi sensing applications and systems, particularly when these systems are deployed in sensitive environments such as homes and offices. These environments are often rich with personal and confidential information, and any compromise in privacy can have serious implications for individuals and organizations. Therefore, developers face the challenge of creating algorithms that not only protect user data but also maintain the functionality and accuracy of the sensing system. One effective approach to addressing privacy concerns is the use of differential privacy techniques [89]. Differential privacy involves adding noise to the data collected by the system to obfuscate specific details, ensuring that individual data points cannot be identified or reconstructed. This technique provides a mathematical guarantee that the inclusion or exclusion of a single data point will not significantly affect the outcome of the analysis, thus protecting user privacy. Another promising avenue is secure multiparty computation (SMC) [90]. SMC allows multiple parties to jointly compute a function over their combined data without revealing their individual inputs to any other party. In the context of WiFi sensing, this means that data from different sources can be aggregated and processed to derive useful insights without exposing sensitive information to any single entity. Furthermore, developers should consider the use of privacy-by-design principles in the development process. This approach involves embedding privacy protections into the system architecture from the outset, ensuring that privacy considerations are integrated into every aspect of the system's design and operation.