## 1 Introduction  
In recent years, China's rapid economic growth has driven the growth of energy consumption to a certain extent. China's total energy consumption reached 4.98 billion tons of standard coal in 2020, which is 2.11 percent more than the previous year, according to data released by the National Bureau of Statistics [1]. With the rapid development of society, residents' energy consumption increases rapidly [2]. In 2020, China's household energy consumption accounted for 12.93% of the total energy consumption, reaching 643.8 million tons of standard coal [3], with an annual growth rate of 4.15% [1], which is the main growth point of China's energy consumption. As a kind of environmental protection behavior, the selection process of residents' energy-saving behavior is complex, and there are many influencing factors [4]. The behavior of residents in the terminal link of energy consumption not only directly affects the scale growth of energy consumption and carbon emissions but also is the main driving factor of energy consumption and carbon emissions in industries such as industry, construction, transportation, and the service industry. For the implementation of the \"carbon peaking and carbon neutrality\" grand strategy, the State Council issued by Action Plan for Carbon Dioxide Peaking Before 2030 in October 2021. This plan points out that it is necessary to promote green and low-carbon national actions, enhance the people's awareness of saving, advocate a green and low-carbon lifestyle, and emphasize the need to transform the green concept into a conscious action of all people [5]. It can be seen that it is of great significance to reduce residents' energy consumption and promote the development of residents' energy-saving behavior [2]. In recent years, the government has introduced a series of policies and measures to encourage residents to save energy, which has played a certain role in promoting energy-saving behavior. For example, in Shanghai, since the implementation of the Shanghai Municipal Household Waste Management Regulations on 1 July 2019, urban residents' awareness of garbage sorting has been continuously enhanced, and remarkable results have been achieved. Every year, Japan has an event called \"Earth Day,\" during which an increasing number of businesses and landmark buildings turn off their lights to promote environmental protection. The new energy vehicle subsidy policy promotes the public's purchase behavior for new energy vehicles and so on. Although they have played a certain role in policy guidance, they still do not have systematic long-term incentive mechanisms and innovative institutional design on the whole. At present, there are still some problems with residents' energy-saving behavior, such as poor implementation, a lack of energy-saving motivation, and a lack of identification of the results of energy-saving behavior [6]. Therefore, it is necessary to analyze the response of residents to energy-saving policies from a deeper level, maximize the intervention role of policies, guide the sustainable development of residents' energy-saving behavior, and make the society form a good social atmosphere of advocating energy-saving. Compared to research on the factors that affect the early stages of energy-saving behavior, research on the long-term growth of energy-saving behavior is still in the exploration stage. In the process of sustainable behavior development, the result of behavior has a significant effect on the sustainable implementation of that behavior. The effect is more pronounced when the outcome of behavior is inconsistent with the individual's expectations. According to psychological attribution theory, the degree of matching between behavioral results and individual expectations makes individuals have positive or negative emotions, thus forming different attribution styles [7]. Positive attribution style increases behavioral confidence, whereas negative attribution style decreases willingness to engage in certain behaviors [8].