## 8 Wireless Body Area Networks (WBANs) and Wearable (WBANs)  
A wearable body area network (WBAN) health monitoring system is presented in Figure 6c. A typical wireless body area network consists of several compact low-power sensing devices, a control unit, and wireless transceivers, as shown in Figure 6c. The power supply for these components should be compact, lightweight, and long-lasting as well. The recorded and monitoring data may be stored and analyzed by employing cloud storage and cloud computing services. Moreover, IoT technology may be used to transmit and receive from person to medical centers, and from medical stuff to patient. Wireless communication systems offer a wide range of benefits to medical centers, patients, physicians, and sport centers, through continuous measuring and monitoring medical information, early detection of abnormal conditions, supervised rehabilitation, and potential discovery of knowledge through data analysis of the collected information. Wearable health monitoring systems, as shown in Figure 6c, allow the person to closely follow changes in important health parameters, and provide feedback for maintaining optimal health status at every location in the world. The main goal of WBANs is to continuously provide biofeedback data. WBANs can record electrocardiograms, measure body temperature and blood pressure, measure heartbeat rate, arterial blood pressure, electro-dermal activity, and other healthcare parameters in an efficient way. For example, accelerometers can be used to sense heartbeat rate, movement, or even muscular activity. Body area networks (BANs) include the applications and communication devices using wearable and implantable wireless networks. A sensor network that senses health parameters is called a body sensor network (BSN). A wireless body area network (WBAN) is a special purpose wireless sensor network that incorporates different networks and wireless devices to enable remote monitoring in various environments. In medical centers, where conditions of a large number of patients are constantly being monitored, a WBAN system may be extremely needed. A wireless wearable body area network (WBAN) health monitoring system is presented in Figure 6d. Figure 6: (**a**) Medical system with printed wearable antennas; (**b**) Patient with printed wearable antenna; (**c**) IoT wearable body area network (WBAN) health monitoring system; (**d**) IoT wireless wearable body area network (WBAN) health monitoring system. Wireless monitoring of physiological signals of a large number of patients is needed in order to deploy a complete WSN in hospitals. Human health monitoring is emerging as a crucial application of the embedded sensor networks. A WBAN can monitor vital signs, providing real-time feedback to allow many patient diagnostics procedures using continuous monitoring of chronic conditions, or progress of recovery from an illness. The progress in wireless networking technology promises a new class of wireless sensor networks suitable for WBAN systems. Data acquisition in WBAN devices can be point-to-point or multipoint-to-point, depending on specific applications. Detection of an athlete's health condition would require point-to-point data sharing across various on-body sensors. Human body monitoring of vital signs will require routing data from several wearable sensors, multipoint-to-point, to a sink node, which, in turn, can relay the information wirelessly to an out-of-body computer. Data may be transferred in real-time mode or non-real-time. Human body monitoring applications requires real-time data transfer. Monitoring an athlete's physiological data can be collected offline, for processing and analysis purposes, by physicians. A typical wireless body area network consists of a few compact low-power sensing devices, control unit and wireless transceivers. The power supply for these components should be compact, lightweight, and long-lasting as well. WBANs consists of compact devices with low volume and fewer opportunities for redundancy.