## 3 Blockchain-Based Secure Record Preservation and Security for HEC
### The Role of Hyperledger  
Hyperledger focuses on the development suite of a stable blockchain-enabled (such as 'HEDU-Ledger') architecture and records traceability, libraries, and tools [31]. It provides a modular approach for implementing the degree traceability system, including digital ledgers and customized smart contracts. Higher education degree attestation traceability-based blockchain applications rely on the permissioned trust relations, intrinsic stakeholder interest in the defined consensus policy, and not required to run proof-of-work algorithm [32]. In addition, hyperledger promises, educational records, transparency, distributed data transactions, and immutable digital ledgers are spread across the nodes in a private network. If one maintains the duplication of the common system and keeps the data recorded, nothing will be erased or altered. However, the copy of the digital ledger is identical to the other stored ledgers in the peer network. There are distinct hyperledgers available, differentiating the role in a different enterprise environment, and its critical features and importance (shown in Table 2) are described as follows:  
Hyperledger Fabric-Enabled Paperless Education Degree Issuance and Secure Attestation and Verification Platform  
Through the proper implementation and sequence-of-working of digital contracts of high education degree issuance, attestation, verification, and traceability using blockchain security technology, the fabric is an extensible blockchain solution that enables developers to maintain a distributed digital ledger [40]. It provides robust security features and credential privacy that allow block data scalability and node transaction flexibility, and no additional cost is required to run the distributed application. The operational advantage is to maintain self-sovereign of the online proof of educational credentials and to preserve the evidence of higher education, academic protection, and digital achievement secrecy. The digital proof can handle timestamping efficiently, integrate existing application requests seamlessly, ensure academic credential protection and high data integrity, and provide a secure pathway and intellectual property rights to the connected stakeholders [41,42]. Here, we discuss some key factors of blockchain hyperledger fabric enabling ubiquitous credential attestation traceability security: \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c} \hline \hline
**Hyperledger** & **Features Details** \\ \hline Hyperledger Sawtooth [33] & Distributed private network ledger and applications; business rules; smart contract; enterprise enabled and consortium-based policy decision; consortium blockchain; permissioned network; parallel transactional execution; event-based execution; pluggable and customize consensus algorithm \\ Hyperledger Indy [34] & Interoperable platform; distributed storage; shared components; libraries and client tools facility; decentralized identifier correlation-resistant permissionless network \\ Hyperledger Besu [35] & Open-source; allow to develop Ethereum client; enterprise Ethereum alliance; user-facing APIs; IBFT \\ Hyperledger Grid [36] & and clique consensus algorithms; consortium blockchain network \\ Hyperledger Froha [37] & A framework for building supply chain solution (business enterprises); modular components; client \\ Hyperledger Froha [37] & interface; domain-specific data model; digital contracts. \\ Hyperledger Fabric [38,39] & A role-based access; assets; identity management; general purpose system; permissioned network, \\ Hyperledger Fabric [39,38] & A modular architecture; plug and play services; customized consensus mechanism; scalability; secure \\  & data preservation; distributed ledger solution and storage; private network \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 2: Role of hyperledger. * The higher education degree attestation traceability system requires a private key. The main objective is to sign the university academic credentials and issuance certificate to adding verification signature in every aspect.