## 3 Results of the Literature Review and Discussion
### Review of Research in the Field of Adaptive Dynamic Facades
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c} \hline \hline \(\mathbf{\lambda}\) & **Type/Year of Research** & **Research Focus** & **Results Obtained due to Adaptive Dynamic Solutions** \\ \hline
[29] & Theoretical/2001 & Location of thermal insulation & The presence of thermal insulation in the internal wall reduces the energy consumption by more than 6\%. \\ \hline
[30; 31; 32] & Theoretical/2002 & Influence of orientation on traditional ventilated facades & In the southern orientation, the useful solar absorption differs by approximately 2\%, 4\% and 6\% relative to the eastern, western and northern orientations, respectively. \\ \hline
[33; 34] & Theoretical and experimental/2003 & Photovoltaic facades & The heating load is significantly reduced. \\ \hline
[35] & Experimental/2004 & Dynamic thermal insulation & The building’s cooling load is reduced. \\ \hline
[36] & Experimental/2004 & Architectural planning & Data are needed for further architectural planning. \\ \hline
[37] & Experimental/2004 & Application of neural networks & A positive effect on the building’s microclimate in terms of cooling. \\ \hline
[38; 39] & Theoretical/2005 & Application of blinds with double glazing of facades & The distance between blinds and external glazing has a significant impact on the flow rate inside the facade duct. \\ \hline
[40] & Theoretical/2005 & Adaptive dynamic solution for management of solar radiation on facade & When a certain temperature is reached, the layers of the glass facade change from a transparent state to a translucent state that diffuses light. \\ \hline
[41] & Experimental/2006 & Adaptive dynamic solution in the form of two air spaces & A reduction in heat loss by optimizing the thermal conductivity of the external enclosure. \\ \hline
[42; 43] & Theoretical and experimental/2006 & Transverse ventilation of enclosures, taking into account wind pressure and opening dimensions & The opening and porosity of the enclosure have a significant impact on the thermal comfort of buildings. \\ \hline
[44] & Theoretical/2007 & Influence of building orientation, taking into account the ratio of windows and walls & It was established that the optimal ratio of windows to walls should be 0.24. \\ \hline
[45] & Experimental/2007 & Influence of building orientation & It was established that the building orientation has a significant impact on energy conservation. \\ \hline
[46] & Theoretical/2007 & Influence of ventilation and shading devices & The optimal window-to-wall ratio is 0.24; the diameter of shading devices is 600 mm. \\ \hline
[47; 48] & Theoretical/2008 & Various configurations of double facades & Significant energy savings. \\ \hline
[49] & Experimental/2008 & Interspace ventilation of enclosures & Energy lost during air removal can be fully compensated for by interspace ventilation. \\ \hline
[50] & Theoretical/2008 & Energy storage sun wall & Energy savings of 3300 kWh per year; payback period of approximately 7 months. \\ \hline
[51] & Theoretical/2009 & Solar dynamic buffer zone & Demonstrated significant efficiency in terms of energy savings. \\ \hline
[52; 53] & Theoretical/2009 & Application of phase-change material & Some useful concluding remarks and recommendations for future work were presented. \\ \hline
[54; 55] & Experimental/2009, 2010 & Double-layer facade equipped with built-in movable shading devices & The proposed facade significantly improved the energy performance of the building. \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 1: Dynamic and adaptive facade structures. In the early 2000s, the study by [PERSON] et al. [29] focused on the climatic conditions of Hong Kong. The effect of the presence of a thermal insulation layer in the external walls on the annual cooling load and the annual maximum cooling demand in two typical apartments in a high-rise residential building was modeled. The modeling results showed that the greatest reduction in the annual cooling load, namely, over 6%, was achieved by applying a 5 cm thick thermal insulation layer to the internal surface of an apartment.