## 1 Introduction
First, sustainability efforts are increasingly focusing on the circular economy--extending supply chains beyond the point of sale into product return, refurbishing, recycling, and reuse loops. Traditional traceability systems (including our initial WEave design) omit post-consumer activity. Second, because our WEave prototype targeted the apparel industry, it omitted functionality important in other industries and for different product structures (i.e., beyond cut-and-sew apparel). Third, the evolving research on digital, resilient, and sustainable supply chains (the theme of the present Special Issue) calls for integrating multiple paradigms--blockchain, IoT, simulation, lifecycle analysis--to not only improve transparency, but also boost resilience and sustainability of supply networks. The recent literature emphasizes that digitalization (e.g., blockchain, digital twins, AI) should yield supply chains that are both more agile/resilient to disruptions and more environmentally sustainable [12]. This extended study aims to address these gaps by enhancing the WEave framework in the following ways:* Integration of Circular Economy Principles: We extend the traceability scope to cover the full product lifecycle, combining forward and reverse logistics, from raw material sourcing to manufacturing, distribution, customer use, and end-of-life processes. The enhanced framework records events such as product returns, disassembly, recycling of materials, and second life (i.e., resale or reuse) instances. Particularly important is tracking for circular flows, where materials re-enter the supply chain and are reused, rather than ending as waste. By making lifecycle data available on the ledger, we facilitate circular business models (e.g., recycling programs, leasing, and re-commerce) and enable asset reuse and recycling traceability as core features. At the same time, we enable the imposition of additional requirements (such as that recycled parts be refurbished, subjected to additional checking, etc.). In fact, the issue is seen even in our original apparel context, which could mean tracing a garment from fiber production to its first sale, and then through its return and transformation into recycled fiber used in a new garment. Such end-to-end visibility is increasingly seen as vital for a global circular economy. For example, regulators seek assurance that products contain a certified percentage of recycled content and no restricted substances [13]; this requires immutable records of material provenance. Our extended framework is designed to capture exactly this information, and the extension enables support for objectives like pollution prevention and product stewardship in the transition towards a more circular economy [14]. * Generality Across Commodity Chains: We demonstrate that the WEave framework's core design can be applied to broader commodity chains beyond apparel, such as furniture supply networks, with appropriate (but relatively minor) adjustments. Complex products in these sectors often involve modular assembly, multi-tier suppliers, and post-sale returns (e.g., product take-back). In contrast to apparel returns, furniture supply chains introduce a more stringent disassembly traceability requirement [15]. We discuss how the blockchain network topology, smart contract logic, and data model can be parameterized or extended to accommodate different industries' needs (for instance, tracking a bill-of-materials for furniture). To illustrate generality, we outline a comparative scenario analysis, i.e., contrasting the apparel use case with a furniture supply chain scenario. This cross-industry evaluation is important because blockchain solutions like WEave must be flexible enough for varied supply chain configurations without starting from scratch for each case. * New Metrics for Lifecycle Tracking and Auditability: With the inclusion of circular processes, we propose metrics to quantitatively assess lifecycle tracking efficacy.