## 2 Smart Grids System
### Demand Response (DR)  
The world's most pressing concern today is energy. As a backup generator, fossil fuels are frequently employed, although their production of CO2 affects life and the environment [38; 39]. A novel technique called DR makes virtual generation better DR [40; 41]. Users may program their gadgets using this approach. There are several issues with traditional smart-grid design (without the cloud) [42], which is the master-slave design that led to a risk of distributed denial of service (DDoS). However, any error may cause the entire system to fail [43]. There is a limit on how many clients may serve due to memory storage limitations, stability, and management [44]. Besides, information and data management challenges, which millions of intelligent meters necessitate for an effective method for handling massive amounts of data [45]. Cloud computing may provide a cost-effective alternative for data analytic and storage methods [46; 47]. Recently, the high insertion of green power, the advancement and implementation of new technology such as electricity storage methods and electronics technologies, and the effective engagement of (DR) from the user aspect, the intelligent network is currently succumbing to a deep change [48]. Customers'/clients' power consuming routines are changed by DR due to the current power cost, benefit plans, and whenever the device dependability is threatened [49]. DR's elastic scheduling may be tailored to customers' economy and power use goals, that have been used over time to help business, manufacturing, and housing customers reduce their power consumption [50]. DR scheduling is classified depending on reward and cost. These two groups are intertwined, and many of their activities are customized to reach mutually beneficial objectives [51]. DR is the favored procedure of participation among clients and the electricity network in the electricity marketing development. In addition to minimizing the variance among maximum load and maximum valley, the load profile could be developed; these lead to making the device's cost cheaper, and to the system pressure being relieved to obtain more money to be invested in raising the load. DR lowers the price of their energy usage for energy users, impacting their pleasure [52]. The home load has the highest ability to profoundly alter the requirement peak load amid the weights that may successfully involve DR [53]. Users may be overseeing and administering personal electricity using DR services. Consumers are motivated to employ clean power and allocate energy-saving technologies to conserve electricity, lower personal power costs, and make money by selling their extra electricity to the system through DR programs [54; 55]. It is essential to provide a reliable, accurate, cost-effective, and safe electricity energy. The above technological advances should be able to combine the behaviors of many participants, buyers, suppliers, and prosumers efficiently [56; 57]. The demand response procedure's success in regulating supply, conservation, call for cooperation, and lowering energy costs is proven based on a prototype electrical system [58; 59]. For instance, the energy information administration's last annual energy outlook study predicted that household power demand will rise in the next few years [60; 61; 62].