## 4 Discussions
We observed in the HPLC evaluation (data not shown), that artemisinin was not present in any of our extracts, as previously reported with significant degradability over storage [63]. Thus, the _Artemia_ species tested here, as dried plant material available on the market, are valuable sources of polyphenols and antioxidant products. The three _Artemisia_ ethanolic extracts are concentrated in phenolic acids, mainly chlorogenic acid, with some differences between species. The highest content in chlorogenic acid was obtained for sweet wormwood, followed by a similar concentration in tarragon, while wormwood was three times less concentrated. As shown by others [64], this may explain the angiogenic activity reported here using the chorioallantoic membrane assay. Chlorogenic acid and flavonoids such as quercetin, kempfer and rutin were also identified in relevant concentrations in the tarragon extract only. _A. annua_ polyphenolic profile was thoroughly investigated by [PERSON] et al., who analyzed extracts from flowers, leaves, stems and roots by LC/MS/MS that revealed a rich polyphenolic content, out of which the most abundant compounds were caffeic acid derivatives [65]. Consistent with our findings, the group of [PERSON] et al. investigated the polyphenolic content extracted from _A. dracunculus_, the LC analysis revealing a similar profile as the one identified by our group, phenolic acids out of which chlorogenic acid being the dominant one, accompanied by flavonoids [66]. In a similar approach, the polyphenolic profile of _A. absinthhium_ extract disclosed a vast phytocompound content, phenolic acids, in particular chlorogenic acid and p-cumaric acid being accountable as major components [57]. Great variability in the phytocompound profile and concentration are distinguished from the available literature data, and significant differences are accounted on the climate, soil, part of the plant, collection variables and extraction protocols. Once again, it reflects the importance of extract standardization worldwide. The viability of healthy keratinocytes was assessed after exposure to the _Artemisia_ extracts. Exposed to concentration of 100 \(\upmu\)g/mL and 250 \(\upmu\)g/mL the keratinocyte viability was not hindered, displaying even stimulatory effects in the Alamar blue assay 72 h following treatment. Wormwood extract at the concentration of 500 \(\upmu\)g/mL also did not influence the viability of HaCaT cells; however, sweet wormwood and tarragon extracts at concentrations of 500 \(\upmu\)g/mL and above decreased cells viability; thus, the recommended concentrations for wound healing purposes are up to 250 \(\upmu\)g/mL. The effects of various _Artemisia_ species were previously reported on different skin cells [67; 68]. A study conducted on _A annua_ in concentration of 100 \(\upmu\)g/mL showed no inhibitory effects on the viability of normal fibroblasts [68]. [PERSON] et al. indicated that _Artemisia principeps_ Pampanini extract did not display a cytotoxic effect on HaCaT cells at concentrations up to 500 \(\upmu\)g/mL (62.5, 125, 250 or 500 \(\upmu\)g/mL) [67]; in addition, _Artemisia apiacea_ showed no cytotoxicity towards HaCaT in concentration up to 200\(\upmu\)g/mL [69]. Artemisia absinthium_ from Serbia [70] was also evaluated and, generally, concentrations below 400 \(\upmu\)g/mL showed no cytotoxic effect on keratinocytes, while a Romanian cultivated wormwood extract showed a decrease in HaCaT cells, only at 1000 \(\upmu\)g/mL [19]. Another study tested collagen scaffolds containing Romanian _A. absinthium_ extract rich in luteolin and quercetin, and results showed, 5 days following treatment, an improve in fibroblast and keratinocyte proliferation to a higher extent than collagen alone. [71]. Our data regarding the three _Artemisia_ species, AAn, AAb and ADr, indicated no toxicity towards HaCaT cells at doses up to 250 \(\upmu\)g/mL.