## 2 Carbon Nanostructures as Templates for Titania Nanomorphologies
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Carbon** & **Titania** & **Titania Phase** & **Preparation** & **Titania** & **Application** & **Ref.** \\
**Nanostructure** & **Precursor** & & **Method** & **Morphology** & **Application** & **Ref.** \\ \hline MWCNTs \({}^{5}\) & Ti(OBu)\({}_{4}\) & Anatase/Brookite & Solvothermal & Nanosheets & Battery anode & [131] \\ \hline MWCNTs \({}^{5}\) & Ti(OBu)\({}_{4}\) & Anatase/Brookite & Thermal & Spherical & Photocatalysis & [132] \\ \hline MWCNTs \({}^{5}\) & Ti(OBu)\({}_{4}\) & Anatase & Impregnation & Nanotubes & Battery cathode & [133] \\ \hline MWCNTs \({}^{5}\) & Ti(OBu)\({}_{4}\) & Anatase & Impregnation & CNT@TiO\({}_{2}\)\({}^{2}\) & Battery cathode & [133] \\ \hline MWCNTs \({}^{5}\) & Ti(OEu)\({}_{4}\) & Anatase/Ratile & Electrospinning & CNT@TiO\({}_{2}\)\({}^{2}\) & Photocatalysis & [89] \\ \hline MWCNTs \({}^{5}\) & TiOSO\({}_{4}\) & Anatase/Ratile & Solvothermal & Nanosheets & Photocatalysis & [134] \\ \hline MWCNTs \({}^{5}\) & PTO \({}^{6}\) & Anatase/Brookite & Hydrothermal & Nanohorns & Battery anode & [135] \\ \hline MWCNTs \({}^{5}\) & Ti foil & Anatase & Micro-arc oxidation & Nanoflakes & Battery anode & [136] \\ \hline MWCNTs \({}^{5}\) & TiCl\({}_{4}\) & Anatase & Solvothermal & CNT@TiO\({}_{2}\)\({}^{2}\) & Photocatalysis & [137] \\ \hline MWCNTs \({}^{5}\) & TiCl\({}_{4}\) & Anatase & ALD \({}^{1}\) & CNT@TiO\({}_{2}\)\({}^{2}\) & Photocatalysis & [138] \\ \hline MWCNTs \({}^{5}\) & TDMAT \({}^{7}\) & Anatase & ALD \({}^{1}\) & Films & Sensing & [139] \\ \hline MWCNTs \({}^{5}\) & TDMAT \({}^{7}\) & \(n.\)a. & ALD \({}^{1}\) & CNT@TiO\({}_{2}\)\({}^{2}\) & Supercapacitors & [140] \\ \hline CNT fibers & TDMAT \({}^{7}\) & Anatase & ALD \({}^{1}\) & CNTbundle@TiO\({}_{2}\)\({}^{2}\) & Photoelectrode & [141] \\ \hline CNT fibers & TDMAT \({}^{7}\) & Anatase & ALD \({}^{1}\) & CNTbundle@TiO\({}_{2}\)\({}^{2}\) & Photoelectrode & [142] \\ \hline MWCNTs-GO \({}^{8}\) & Ti(OiPr)\({}_{4}\) & \(n.\)a. & Sol-gel & Irregular & Electrocatalysis & [143] \\ \hline MWCNTs-GO \({}^{8}\) & Ti(OiPr)\({}_{4}\) & \(n.\)a. & CVD \({}^{9}\) & Irregular & Electrocatalysis & [143] \\ \hline Graphene & Ti(OiPr)\({}_{4}\) & Anatase & Sol-gel & Nanocrystals & Photocatalysis & [144] \\ \hline Graphene & Ti(OiPr)\({}_{4}\) & Anatase & Hydrothermal & GO@TiO\({}_{2}\)\({}^{8}\) & Biosensing & [145] \\ \hline Graphene & Ti(OBu)\({}_{4}\) & Anatase & Hydrothermal & Nanosheets & Photocatalysis & [146] \\ \hline Graphene & Ti(OBu)\({}_{4}\) & Anatase & Hydrothermal & Nanocrystals & Photocatalysis & [147] \\ \hline Graphene & Ti filament & Anatase & Sublimation & Spherical & Photocatalysis & [148] \\ \hline Graphene & Ti & Amorphous & Electron beam & Film & Photocatalysis & [149] \\ \hline GO \({}^{8}\) & Ti(OiPr)\({}_{4}\) & Anatase & Solvothermal & Nanocrystals & Phosphoproteomics & [101] \\ \hline GO \({}^{8}\) & Ti(OiPr)\({}_{4}\) & Anatase & Laser scribing & Nanocrystals & Supercapacitors & [150] \\ \hline GO \({}^{8}\) & Ti(OBu)\({}_{4}\) & Anatase & Hydrothermal & Nanocrystals & Electrocatalysis & [151] \\ \hline GO \({}^{8}\) & Ti(OBu)\({}_{4}\) & Anatase & Hydrothermal & Nanocrystals & Battery anode & [152] \\ \hline GO \({}^{8}\) & Ti(OBu)\({}_{4}\) & Anatase/Brookite & Thermal & Spherical & Photocatalysis & [132] \\ \hline GO \({}^{8}\) & TiCl\({}_{4}\) & Anatase & Hydrothermal & GO@TiO\({}_{2}\)\({}^{2,8}\) & Photocatalysis & [153] \\ \hline GO \({}^{8}\) & TiCl\({}_{4}\) & Rutile & Hydrothermal & Nanorods & Nanofiler & [154] \\ \hline GO \({}^{8}\) & Ti foil & Anatase & Anodization & Nanotubes & Supercapacitors & [155] \\ \hline rGO \({}^{10}\) & Ti(OiPr)\({}_{4}\) & Anatase & Sol-gel & Nanoparticles & Photocatalysis & [156] \\ \hline rGO \({}^{10}\) & Ti(OiPr)\({}_{4}\) & Anatase &
\begin{tabular}{c} Sol- \\ gel/thermal \\ \end{tabular} & rGO@TiO\({}_{2}\)\({}^{2,10}\) & Photocatalysis & [157] \\ \hline rGO \({}^{10}\) & Ti(OiPr)\({}_{4}\) & Anatase & Hydrothermal & rGO@TiO\({}_{2}\)\({}^{2,10}\) & Photocatalysis & [158] \\ \hline rGO \({}^{10}\) & Ti(OiPr)\({}_{4}\) & Anatase & Hydrothermal & Nanocrystals & Sensing & [159] \\ \hline rGO \({}^{10}\) & Ti(OiPr)\({}_{4}\) & Anatase & Hydrothermal & Spherical & Battery anode & [112] \\ \hline rGO \({}^{10}\) & Ti(OiPr)\({}_{4}\) & Anatase & Hydrothermal & rGO@TiO\({}_{2}\)\({}^{2,10}\) & Water purification & [160] \\ \hline rGO \({}^{10}\) & Ti(OiPr)\({}_{4}\) & Anatase & Solvothermal & rGO@TiO\({}_{2}\)\({}^{2,10}\) & Photocatalysis & [161] \\ \hline rGO \({}^{10}\) & Ti(OBu)\({}_{4}\) & Anatase & Sol-gel & Nanoparticles & Photocatalysis & [162] \\ \hline rGO \({}^{10}\) & Ti(OBu)\({}_{4}\) & Anatase & Sol-gel & Nanoparticles & Photocatalysis & [162] \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}