# Construction, Test and Application of a Tungsten Metallogene Named MGW11: Case Studies in China
## 1 Introduction  
Geochemical gene is a new promising concept proposed recently in the discrimination and traceability of geological materials [1, 2] and is also a useful tool to recognize geochemical anomalies in mineral exploration [3, 4]. Geochemical gene is proposed and illustrated firstly as a lithogene [5] named LG02, then followed by lithogenes called LG01 [6] and LG03 [7], gold metallogene (MGAu) [3], and tungsten metallogene (MGW) [4], and REE (rare earth elements) genes called REEG01 and REEG02 [6]. Therefore, there are a total of seven geochemical genes reported till now, which were introduced and reviewed by [PERSON] et al. [1] recently. With respect to lithogenes LG01 and LG03, their gene properties of heredity and inheritance during weathering have been tested on lots of weathering profiles developed over different lithological rocks in different climate zones in China [6, 7, 8] according to the similar gene criterion of \(\geq\)80% on gene similarity [1]. Their application in classifyinggeological materials is useful and suitable for fresh and altered rocks and weathered products such as soils and sediments [2]. The classification method is introduced here briefly. The ideal acidic rock in China (a virtual rock sample represented by the elemental abundance of acidic rock in China compositionally) has the same gene code of 10202020202 on LG01 and LG03, and the ideal basic rock in China also has the same gene code of 12020202020 on these two lithogenes [6; 7]. The gene similarity of a sample relative to the ideal acidic rock is called the sample's acidic similarity and can be labeled as \(R_{\text{Acidic}}\). According to this definition, the \(R_{\text{Acidic}}\) of the ideal acidic rock in China is 100%, while the \(R_{\text{Acidic}}\) of the ideal basic rock in China is 0%. Geological materials can be classified into three groups acidic-like composition with \(R_{\text{Acidic}}\geq\) 80% labeled 1, intermediate-like composition with \(R_{\text{Acidic}}\) between 75% and 25 labeled 2, and basic-like composition with \(R_{\text{Acidic}}\leq\) 20% labeled 3. In order to integrate the classification results of LG01 and LG03, LG_CR (classification results of lithogenes) with a double-digit is proposed by [PERSON] et al. [2]. The classification result of LG01 is put as the first digit, and the result of LG03 is the second digit. There is a total of nine types theoretically of LG_CR classified based on LG01 and LG03 as 11, 12, 13, 21, 22, 23, 31, 32, and 33 types. The 11 types of LG_CR of a sample indicates that the values of \(R_{\text{Acidic}}\) of LG01 and LG03 of the sample are all \(\geq\)80%. Therefore, the result of LG_CR can be used to classify geological materials [2]. With respect to the metallogenes of MGAu and MGW, their gene properties of heredity and inheritance during weathering have also been tested in China [3; 4]. The ideal geochemical background samples (all indicator elements are clearly lower than their immobile elements in gene spectral lines) have the same metallogene code of 10202020202 on MGAu and MGW. In contrast, the ideal ore samples (in which indicator elements are enriched clearly in gene spectral lines) will have the same metallogene code of 12020202020 on these two metallogenes. Like the above mentioned on lithogenes, the gene similarity of a sample relative to the ideal ore sample is called the sample's mineralization similarity and can be labeled as \(R_{\text{IdealOre}}\). According to this definition, the \(R_{\text{IdealOre}}\) of the ideal ore sample is 100%, while the \(R_{\text{IdealOre}}\) of the ideal background sample is 0%. The application of metallogenes is that their \(R_{\text{IdealOre}}\) can be viewed as an integrated index of recognizing geochemical anomalies for mineral prospecting, and the mineralization similarity (\(R_{\text{IdealOre}}\)) value of 40% can be viewed as the criterion to discriminate samples with or without mineralization [1; 3; 4].