## 4 Implementation and Results
### Results  
As part of the results, a survey was carried out on 20 university professors with knowledge in the area of Industry 4.0 to determine the functionality and operability of the proposed DT. The survey consisted of five questions aimed at obtaining feedback from the research and knowing the point of view of the users regarding the functional, operational, and informative parts, as shown in Table 2. For the selection of the people surveyed, their experience in the industrial field, and their professional training in the area of study, later the number of respondents was selected by simple random sampling to obtain their point of view and possible suggestions on the proposed methodology.  
Figure 6 shows the results of the survey. A total of 87.5% of the respondents fully agreed with questions R1 and R2, which are informative and evaluate user satisfaction with the WP. Questions R3, R4, and R5 assess the operation and functionality of the proposed system, with 91.6% of acceptance.  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{p{113.8 pt} p{227.6 pt}} \hline \hline
**Area** & **Requirements** \\ \hline R1. Communication & R1.1 The system provides communication services between the physical and virtual entities. R1.2 The system has bidirectional communication. R1.3 The system has real-time communication \\ \hline R2. Operation & R2.1 The system receives the command from the operator. R2.2 The system executes the command sent by the operator. R2.3 The system tracks the status of the process. R2.4 The system detects objects and events of interest in the environment. \\ \hline R3. Information & R3.1 The system displays the status of the process. R3.2 The system displays the relevant sensor data. R3.3 The system displays the simulation of the physical environment. R3.4 The system manages simulation data and analysis data \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}
Table 1: Parameters for DT design.  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{p{113.8 pt} p{227.6 pt}} \hline \hline \multicolumn{1}{c}{**N\({}^{\circ}\)**} & **Question** \\ \hline R1 & Is the 3D digital environment created for the process simulation adequate? \\ R2 & Would you like to use the DTs with AR as training before actual practice? \\ R3 & Is the system capable of detecting events and objects of interest in the real environment? \\ R4 & The system is capable of managing and processing the simulation data? \\ R5 & Is there a perception in real time of the changes in the state of the process? \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}
Table 2: Questions of operation and operability of the DT.  
Figure 6: Results of the operation and operability survey.  
Communication tests of the physical and virtual environment were performed in real-time to observe events and data management. The virtual environment and mapping interaction allows executing and triggering actions on the physical equipment simultaneously, as shown in Figure 7a,b. All 3D design features (dimensions, surfaces, materials, etc.) must be considered to create the digital model. The 3D model of a piece can be complemented with the product manufacturing information (PMI), according to the ISO 16792 standard [58].  
The packet delivery time between the physical and virtual entities was analyzed. For this purpose, the WireShark tool was used in the Ethernet network, obtaining an average time of 100 ms. This time varies depending on the number of packets sent by the sensors, as shown in Figure 8.