# Exploring Pandemics Events on Twitter by Using Sentiment Analysis and Topic Modelling
## 9 Combining Topic Modelling and Sentiment Analysis  
The previous topic modelling and sentiment analysis are too general. In order to explore users' attitudes towards specific topics, the LDA model has been built to find the latent topics with respect to pandemics and emotions.  
Tables 4 and 5 show that the fear emotion is dominant for 8 out of 11 viruses, such as Ebola, cholera, influenza, Spanish flu, swine flu, tuberculosis, typhus, yellow fever, and  
Figure 16: Emotion distribution in different subsets.  
Figure 15: Emotion distribution.  
Zika. Furthermore, the trust emotion is prevalent in HIV/AIDS and tuberculosis, while the disgust emotion is common in cholera and malaria. In five cases, the main topic is related to COVID-19. Two topics report special events, such as the World Tuberculosis Day and the National Women and Girls HIV/AIDS Awareness Day. In many cases, the topics include one possible reason for the virus, such as the bite of a mosquito for malaria and water pollution for cholera.  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c} \hline \hline
**Pandemic** & **Dominant Emotion** & **Topics** \\ \hline \multirow{5}{*}{Ebola} & \multirow{2}{*}{fear} & Topic1—COVID-19 \\ \cline{3-3}  & & Topic2—Information about the virus \\ \cline{3-3}  & & Topic3—Ebola outbreak in Congo \\ \cline{3-3}  & & Topic4—Political issues in Congo such as scandal \\ \hline \multirow{5}{*}{HIV/AIDS} & \multirow{5}{*}{trust} & Topic1—Research findings \\ \cline{3-3}  & & Topic2—National Women and Girls HIV/AIDS Awareness Day \\ \cline{3-3}  & & Topic3—High-risk or susceptible groups \\ \cline{3-3}  & & Topic4—Help and encourage from experts \\ \hline \multirow{5}{*}{Malaria} & \multirow{5}{*}{disgust} & Topic1—Treatment such as vaccine \\ \cline{3-3}  & & Topic2—People’s reaction \\ \cline{3-3}  & & Topic3—The spreading of Malaria: the bite of mosquito \\ \cline{3-3}  & & Topic4—Research about Malaria \\ \cline{3-3}  & & Topic5—The cause of Malaria: the falciparum parasite \\ \cline{3-3}  & & Topic6—Organisations or figures \\ \cline{3-3}  & & Topic7—Usage of drug \\ \cline{3-3}  & & Topic8—Medical treatment’s achievement \\ \hline \multirow{5}{*}{Cholera} & \multirow{2}{*}{fear} & Topic1—Vaccine \\ \cline{3-3}  & & Topic2—The risk of Cholera outbreak in Mariupol, Ukraine \\ \cline{3-3}  & & Topic3—The cause of Cholera: water pollution \\ \hline \multirow{5}{*}{Influenza} & \multirow{5}{*}{fear} & Topic1—COVID-19 \\ \cline{3-3}  & & Topic2—Avian \\ \cline{3-3}  & & Topic3—The risk of the virus \\ \cline{3-3}  & & Topic4—New cases and deaths \\ \hline \multirow{5}{*}{Spanish flu} & \multirow{5}{*}{fear} & Topic1—COVID-19 \\ \cline{3-3}  & & Topic2—Avian \\ \cline{3-3}  & & Topic3—Million deaths in the history \\ \cline{3-3}  & & Topic4—Protective measures such as wearing masks \\ \hline \multirow{5}{*}{Swine flu} & \multirow{5}{*}{disgust} & Topic1—COVID-19 \\ \cline{3-3}  & & Topic2—The connection with avian influenza \\ \cline{3-3}  & & Topic3—Influence on the world \\ \cline{3-3}  & & Topic4—Animals such as swine, monkey, and so on \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}
Table 4: Topics for pandemic and emotion pair: Ebola, cholera, influenza, and Spanish flu are listed with the fear emotion; HIV/AIDS is with the trust emotion; malaria and swine flu show topics with the disgust emotion.