## 3 Results
### Trial Phase  
The trial phase started in Rome (Italy) in June 2021 after the installation of the trial unit. Figure 6 shows the system while performing a sanitation.  
The data collected by the sensors on board and registered after a sanitation (i.e., time, position, duration, level of sanitation reached) are real-time transmitted to the CCS and available to the User by a dashboard like that one shown in Figure 7. The user can verify information like the number of sanitation day-by-day, the last sanitations performed and check how many sanitations have been performed for each ambulance.  
Figure 6: UV-SAN system deployed.  
Figure 7: UV-SAN—Dashboard for consultation of sanitation data.  
On the basis of the data collected and from feedback collected by the Pilot User the assessment of the KPIs demonstrated that the system achieved the expected results both considering the technical issues and the operative aspects as reported in the Table 4.  
A further analysis was performed comparing the cleaning and sanitation procedure used during the 2020 pandemic period and the current implemented with that one proposed with the UV-SAN. This assessment is mainly focused on the operational point of view highlighting the benefits that this type of system could bring. The outcomes are reported in Table 5.  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c} \hline \hline
**KPI** & **Definition** & **Type of Measure** & **Expected Result** & **Result** \\ \hline KPI 1 & SARS-CoV-2 and MDR pathogen inactivation Monitoring \& Traceability & Laboratory Test On-Site Test & Reduction \textgreater{}99\% & Confirmed in about 10 min \\ KPI 2 & Real Time Monitoring & Analysis of DB data & \textless{}1\% loss of data & \textless{}0.1\% \\ KPI 3 & Real Time Monitoring & Analysis of DB data transmitted with standard comms link & \textless{}1 min & \textless{}30 s \\ KPI 4 & SAT-COM data transmission & Analysis of DB data of data transmitted with standard comms link & \textless{}3 min & \textless{}150 s \\ KPI 5 & Safety Check (ozone, human presence) & Reports from Pilot User & \textless{}1\% & No problem detected \\ KPI6 & Time \& Work-load Reduction & Report from Pilot User & No downtime of ambulance service & Confirmed \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}
Table 4: Key Performance Indicators evaluation.  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c} \hline \hline
**Pandemic Period 2020** & **Pandemic Period 2021** & **UV-SAN** \\ \hline \hline \multirow{7}{*}{Procedure} & Sanitation performed after the transportation of each COVID-19 patient: & \multirow{7}{*}{\begin{tabular}{c} Sanitation performed only at \\ the end of the shift: \\ \end{tabular} } \\  & Patient transported & & \begin{tabular}{c} Sanitation performed only at \\ the end of the shift: \\ \end{tabular} \\  & 2. & Ambulance to the depot (unavailable for other \\  & & & (unavailable for other \\  & & & & \\  & & & \\  & & & \\  & & & & \\  & & & \\  & & & & \\  & & & & \\  & & & & \\  & & & & \\ \hline \hline Time needed for the sanitation & 2 h & \multirow{7}{*}{\begin{tabular}{c} None ( sanitation performed at \\ the end of the shift) \\ \end{tabular} } \\ \hline Service down-time & 2 h for each transport & \multirow{7}{*}{\
\begin{tabular}{c} None ( sanitation performed at \\ the end of the shift) \\ \end{tabular} } \\  & & &
\begin{tabular}{c} None (annual performed) \\ the end of the shift: \\ \end{tabular} \\ \hline Location & Depot & Depot & Everywhere \\ \hline Staff needed & 1 person fully employed & 1 person fully employed & 1 person partially employed \\  & & & (start and stop sanitation) \\ \hline Traceability & Manually recorded & Manually recorded & Automatic \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}
Table 5: Comparison between sanitation procedures.