## 1 Introduction
[27] assessed the risk of waterlogging in North Delhi by analyzing daily rainfall intensity, frequency, and duration, estimating waterlogged areas, and mapping hazard and vulnerability zones to identify spatial risk susceptibility. China, as the world's largest developing country, is accelerating its urbanization process, with over 62% of Chinese cities at serious risk of waterlogging--a significant barrier to social development. In July 2021, Zhengzhou experienced a catastrophic rainstorm with rainfall equivalent to a thousand-year event, flooding 80% of the city. The maximum water depth reached approximately 2.6 m, affecting 280,000 people and causing an estimated economic loss of CNY 40.9 billion. Therefore, urban flood control and waterlogging management in China have become increasingly complex issues requiring urgent resolution. Currently, many studies have addressed urban stormwater issues at the macro-scale, focusing on city-wide and river basin levels, with an emphasis on planning and designing sponge city measures [28; 29; 30]. However, relatively few studies have examined flood resilience at the meso- and micro- scales. A university campus, as a functional area within the urban system, has well-defined catchment units and structured building layouts, forming a distinct hydrological unit with a unique rainfall-runoff mechanism. [PERSON] et al. [31] utilized raw data from five University of California (UC) campuses, treating campusesas \"cities within cities.\" However, unlike cities, stormwater management on campuses is often constrained by factors such as infrastructure, decision-making processes, population density, and regulatory limits. [PERSON] et al. [32] applied a two-dimensional hydrodynamic model (MIKE URBAN) to simulate flood events at the University of Tuscaloosa in the United States. The study revealed that while flood hotspots remained consistent across 10-, 25-, 50-, and 100-year rainfall recurrence intervals, both the water depth and flood extent varied significantly. Traditional universities are typically located in urban centers, where extreme rainfall can lead to waterlogging due to high building density, extensive impervious surfaces, limited water storage capacity, low permeability, insufficient drainage infrastructure, and a concentrated population highly affected by extreme precipitation events [33]. Consequently, there is a pressing need for more research into the patterns and progression of campus waterlogging under extreme rainfall conditions. This study was conducted at the China University of Geosciences (CUG), where we used the SWMM to simulate campus runoff accumulation and pipeline capacity under rainstorm events with varying return periods (1, 2, 5, 10, 20, and 50 years) and a duration of 2 h. This simulation demonstrated the spatial and temporal evolution of waterlogging across campus. Based on the findings, we propose targeted improvement measures. The novelty of this research lies in its targeted focus on university campuses, a distinct and underexplored domain within urban flooding research. By integrating field investigations with stormwater modeling at China University of Geosciences, this study provides a comprehensive analysis of waterlogging dynamics, a methodology rarely applied to campus-scale studies. Moreover, the introduction of a \"sponge campus\" layout, which integrates permeable surfaces and rainwater reuse, represents an innovative strategy for enhancing campus resilience to urban flooding, distinguishing this research from traditional urban flood mitigation studies. The results provide valuable data for identifying flood-prone areas under different precipitation scenarios and offer a scientific foundation for planning, retrofitting, and constructing a sponge campus to prevent waterlogging.