## 2 Case Presentation  
We report a case of 50-year-old right-handed female affected by conduction aphasia following to a left ischemic stroke involving white matter of fronto-parietal lobe and left temporo-occipital regions. One week before the acute cerebral event, she underwent surgical replacement of the aortic valve with mechanical prosthesis. She arrived at our rehabilitative unit after one month of the acute event. Neurological, neuropsychological and logopedic assessments were performed. Neurological examination showed right facio-bracchio-crumal hemiparesis. The patient was vigilant, collaborative, time and space oriented. Drug therapy consisted of taking oral anticoagulants and antihypertensive treatment. The patient was submitted to rehabilitative sessions of physiotherapeutic, neuropsychological and logopedic training. Treatments were performed every day for a session of 60 min for each rehabilitative treatment.  
The patient was evaluated at two time points: at baseline (T0) and after two months of intensive rehabilitative training (T1). The Aachener Aphasie Test (AAT) was administered, to provide evidence about the improvement after the rehabilitative training (Table 1). The 256-channel HD-EEG was recorded during specific language tasks presented on computer screen in order to set a time and to use a standard method without influence of external stimuli. Therefore, we acquired HD-EEG, at T0 and T1, during blocks paradigm administration, consisting of five task periods alternating with rest periods. The paradigm was built by using E-prime 3.0 software and included the following tasks: (a) naming, (b) repetition, (c) reading, (d) writing, (e) figure description. During the rest periods, the patient was instructed to stay at rest without moving.  
The naming task consisted in mentioning 24 images of 3 s each, that appeared on the computer screen. The images were divided in two groups of 12 alternating to 10 s of rest.  
The repetition task consisted in repeating 16 words of 5 s, which were played by audio speakers. Words were divided in two groups of 8 s alternating to 10 s of rest. The reading task was composed from 16 words to read of 3 s, which appeared on the computer screen. The words were divided in two groups of 8 s alternating to 10 s of rest. The writing task consisted of 16 words that have to be written  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c} \hline \hline
**AAT** & **Score T0** & **Score T1** \\ \hline Token test & 44 & 59 \\ Repetition & 36 & 45 \\ Written language & 42 & 53 \\ Naming & 42 & 59 \\ Comprehension & 56 & 56 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}
Table 1: Aachener Aphasie Test (AAT) score at baseline (T0) and after two months (T1).  
on paper (6 s of duration) and that appeared on the computer screen. The words were divided in two groups of 8 s alternating to 10 s of rest. Finally, the figure description task consisted in looking for 30 s at a figure and subsequently illustrating it. The total duration of the paradigm was 6 min and 52 s. The EEG-HD sources reconstruction was performed with eLORETA, considering the frequency band 1-40 Hz. Each image represents the cerebral cortex from six different perspectives. The most activated areas are highlighted in yellow. The resting state analysis was performed on a time segment resulting from the merging of the resting state segments between the individual tasks.  
All methods were carried out in accordance with relevant guidelines and regulations. As it is case report, ethical approval was not required. Informed consent was obtained from our patient.