# Digital Content Creation Tools: American University Teachers' Perception
## 3 Results  
### Nominal Variables  
Figure 2 shows the frequencies, both overall and by gender, of the answers to the polytomous question (on the importance of using digital materials) and three of the four dichotomous questions (graphic design, evaluation, and learning communities). The question on the use of DCC tools in presentations was answered affirmatively by 100% of the participants, so it was not represented. The answers to the first question show that almost all of the respondents consider advanced training materials as essential elements in today's higher education didactics, although they are divided, approximately in half, when it comes to choosing whether their greatest benefit lies in increasing the quality of the teaching process or the motivation of students. On the other hand, about three quarters of the participants use advanced training materials as graphic design tools, all of them for presentations and almost all of them as a tool for evaluation. On the other hand, just over half of the participants work with learning communities. The answers vary only slightly from the overall data, depending on the gender of the participants. The values of [PERSON]'s V statistic, which measures the degree of this association for nominal variables on a scale from 0 (no association) to 1 (complete association), when the results of the polytomous and dichotomous questions of the survey are crossed with all the independent variables, are shown in Table 4. In the analysis, the question about whether digital resources are used to make presentations has been omitted because all the respondents answered affirmatively. With respect to the rest of the questions, it can be seen that [PERSON]'s V-values indicate weak or very weak associations. This confirms the observation made in the previous descriptive analysis based on Figure 2 that gender is not a discriminating variable for any of the nominal variables. Regarding the rest of the independent variables, all but two of the values of [PERSON]'s V lack statistical significance. The frequencies of the answers to the corresponding questions are illustrated in Figure 3. Academic level explains the use of digital tools for evaluation (PhDs use it more frequently than graduates), but it is a weak discrimination. For its part, teaching experience is explanatory of the reasons why digital resources are valued as suitable for university teaching (the less experienced tend to value motivation more). \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c} \hline \hline  & **Teacher Skills** & **Educative Effectiveness** & **Global** \\ \hline Teacher skills & 1 & 0.3101 * & 0.7227 * \\ Educative effectiveness & & 1 & 0.8349 * \\ Global & & & 1 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 3: Pearson correlations between the scales and of each one of them with respect to the global questionnaire. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c} \hline \hline  & **Importance** & **Graphic Design** & **Evaluation** & **Learning Communities** \\ \hline Gender & 0.1155 & 0.0026 & 0.0125 & 0.0080 \\ Age & 0.1135 & 0.0805 & 0.0106 & 0.0451 \\ Experience & 0.1252 * & 0.0537 & 0.0442 & 0.0638 \\ Area & 0.0437 & 0.0602 & 0.0055 & 0.0277 \\ Level & 0.0936 & 0.0319 & 0.1575 * & 0.0057 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}  
* \(p<0.05\).  
\end{table} 
Table 4: Cramer’s V statistics when all nominal dependent variables are crossed with all independent variables. Figure 2: Relative frequencies of nominal variables by gender: (**a**) importance of digital materials; (**b**) graphic design; (**c**) evaluation; (**d**) learning communities. Regarding the tools most used by the participants, Figure 4 shows the relative frequencies of each of them for graphic design, class presentations, evaluation, and creation of learning communities. It should be noted that, in many of the answers, the same participant may have indicated more than one tool. The most frequently selected tools are highlighted here. For graphic design, the most frequently used resources are Paint and Canva (81.3% of respondents indicated either or both).