## 8 Conclusions and Discussion  
### Discussion  
A comprehensive analysis of the research status in the field of non-conventional lanes shows that significant progress has been made in concept definition, pattern classification, and effect assessment of non-conventional lanes from both theoretical and application perspectives, providing important support for refined urban traffic management. However, due to the faster pace of non-conventional lane application promotion compared to theoretical research progress, further improvements are needed to support the high-quality development of urban traffic:  
(1) The systematic evaluation system for applicable conditions of non-conventional lanes needs improvement. Existing research has achieved rich results in the effect assessment of different types of non-conventional lanes, but adaptability research for diverse urban road characteristics needs to be deepened. Although there are evaluation methods for specific types of non-conventional lanes, a unified analysis framework and comprehensive evaluation system have not yet been formed, requiring further optimization to support locally appropriate scheme selection and scientific assessment. The \"trade-off\" phenomenon appearing in practice (such as insufficient exit lane capacity after right-placing some left-turn lanes, intensified traffic conflicts, etc.) indicates that improving applicable condition evaluation methods has important practical significance. (2) The lane function conversion mechanism under dynamic traffic demand still needs in-depth research. Existing research has confirmed the feasibility and necessity of dynamic optimization configuration of lane functions, and practice has also achieved positive effects. However, facing complex and variable urban traffic demands, the decision-making mechanism for conventional-non-conventional lane function conversion still needs further research. Current research on conversion trigger conditions, conversion process stability assurance, and multi-objective balance is relatively weak. There is an urgent need to establish a lane function conversion theoretical model considering efficiency and safety coordination to support scientific decision-making in practical applications. (3) The coordinated optimization theory of non-conventional lanes and signal control needs to be strengthened. Existing research has achieved rich results in non-conventional lane design and signal control, respectively, but their coordinated optimization research needs to be further deepened. In practice, because non-conventional lanes change the traffic organization mode of intersections, traditional signal control methods often find it difficult to fully exert their effectiveness. How to optimize non-conventional lane spatial design and signal time control as a unified system, achieving optimal allocation of spatial-temporal resources, is an important direction for promoting theoretical development in this field. At the same time, the impact of non-conventional lanes on driving behavior and their interactive relationship with traffic operational efficiency also needs further systematic research. Compatibility with driver driving habits needs to be strengthened to enhance the practical application effect of non-conventional lanes. In view of this, future research is proposed to focus on the following three aspects:  
(1) Priority 1 (Short-term: 1-2 years)--Fundamental Theory Development: Operational Characteristic Analysis and Adaptability Assessment of Typical Intersection Non-Conventional Lanes. Select typical non-conventional lane forms with more practical applications, such as contraflow left-turn lanes, variable lanes, and right-placed left-turn lanes; analyze their traffic organization and channelization mechanisms; construct a multi-dimensional adaptability evaluation indicator system covering traffic efficiency, safety, etc.