## 4 Engine Test Results
### Ethylene Glycol Monomethyl Ether Based Biodiesel  
There were 5 vegetable oils used to react with ethylene glycol monomethyl ether to produce new model biodiesel. They are rapeseed oil, soybean oil, peanut oil, palm oil and cottonseed oil. The produced biodiesel can be named as Ethylene Glycol Methyl Ether X-oil Monoester. They have the same formula as RCOOCH\({}_{2}\)CH\({}_{2}\)OCH\({}_{3}\), where the \"R\" means different chain alkyl, which are provided in Table 1 (some). Their fuel properties can be checked in Table 3.  
1. Ethylene Glycol Methyl Ether Rapeseed Oil Monoester [33,34]. The test engine was TY1100. Under the pure biodiesel operating conditions, the effects of biodiesel are as the following. * Effect on Combustion  
The combustion analyzed heat release rate shows that the ignition delay becomes 1.1 deg. CAshorter. Both the maximum heat release rate and peak cylinder pressure increase. The brake thermal efficiency was improved. * Effects on emissions  
Under full load operating conditions, smoke reduces 43.5-78.2%, the reduction of CO is 8.7-50% and HC is 11.4-61.5%, while NOx a little increases. 2. Ethylene Glycol Methyl Ether Soyate Oil Monoester [38,39]. The test engine was TY1100. The tests were conducted mainly at 2300 r-min\({}^{-1}\) operating conditions. The engine ran on pure biodiesel of EGMMES and 50% biodiesel blended with petrodiesel by volume. The effects of biodiesel are as the following. * Effects on energy consumption  
For pure biodiesel operating conditions, the consumption increases by 16.9% while the energy consumption decreases by 7.9%, and for biodiesel and petrodiesel mixture operating conditions, the consumption increases by 1.4%, while the energy consumption decreases by 3.2%, respectively. * Effects on emissions  
For pure biodiesel operating conditions, smoke decreased from 54.7% to 85.7%, CO emission reduced up to 79.1% for the pure and 69.8% for its mixture operation. HC emission decreased by 61.6%. For biodiesel and petrodiesel 50% to 50% mixture operating conditions, smoke decreased from 46.5% to 83.3%, CO emission reduced up to 69.8%, HC emission decreased by 59.6%. Both fuels do not change NOx emission significantly. 3. Ethylene Glycol Methyl Ether Peanut Oil Monoester [32]. The test engine was TY 1100. The test fuels were petrodiesel, peanut oil monoester biodiesel and their mixture at a proportion of 1:1 by volume. Most tests conducted under 1400 r-min\({}^{-1}\) and 2000 r-min\({}^{-1}\). The results were as the following. * Effect on Combustion  
The peanut oil monoester has high cetane number, leading to a little earlier auto-ignition than diesel. An improved engine thermal efficiency was observed when the engine fueled with the biofuel due to certain amount of oxygen contained in the new biodiesel. The peak cylinder pressure, pressure rise rate and the calculated heat release rate have no noticeable change. * Effects on emissions  
The exhaust smoke decreased by 25.0% to 75.0%, CO and HC emissions were lowered by the maximum of 50-70% and NO\({}_{\mathrm{x}}\) emission remained in the same level. 4. Ethylene Glycol Methyl Ether Palm Oil Monoester [40; 41]. Smoke decreased by 69.0% to 89.3%. NO\({}_{\mathrm{x}}\) decreased about 25% at high speed conditions while increased 15% at low speed high load conditions. HC and CO emissions increased much (maybe mismarked, they should be decreased.) 5. Ethylene Glycol Methyl Ether Cottonseed Oil Monoester [42]. EGMECOM has a comparative high cetane number and oxygen content, which are the prime factors that determine its NO\({}_{\mathrm{x}}\) and smoke emissions, respectively. EGMECOM, the combustion timing of engine is advanced, ignition delay is shortened, and the combustion is improved. Compared to diesel fuel, a maximal reduction of the smoke, NO\({}_{\mathrm{x}}\), CO, and HC are 50.0%, 50.0%, 20.0%, and 55.6%, respectively.