## 7 Future Trends in Next-Generation Smart Grids (SGs) After the Integration of EV Market  
SG technology has already sparked new research questions that need to be addressed as its widespread deployment begins. These questions will increasingly involve the integration of EVs into the system alongside the idiosyncrasies of various participants. For instance, incentivizing green energy remains crucial, despite the volatile nature of renewable energy sources (RESs), which can disrupt SG operations. Similarly, the burgeoning EV market introduces load fluctuations that could vary unpredictably and have largely been explored through simulations without incorporating real-world data on user behavior patterns. Ensuring transparent energy transactions is another challenge that is essential for building trust among EV owners, energy buyers, and sellers in the EV industry. These participants aim to maximize their profits while optimizing grid stability and performance. Several futuristic problems are anticipated as blockchain technology becomes more widely adopted across different countries. Many of these issues will necessitate complex algorithms to address multi-player optimization problems, potentially using game theory-like approaches to effectively integrate EVs into the SG. Intelligent Solutions to Resolve DER Integration Issues Amid Their Generation Volatility Keeping SG Stable for Expanding EV Consumers  
SG supports increasing the integration of DERs and adopting a decentralized approach to complement centralized generation. DERs facilitate meeting the ever-increasing demand and power delivery to intermittent on-grid EV consumers and rural communities. However, stabilizing the SG is crucial to mitigate the instability introduced by DERs. This can be achieved through algorithms that analyze data from the grid and determine the best way to control the input from DERs, as well as dynamically varying EV loads. By managing the power flow from DERs, the grid can be made more stable, allowing it to operate without disruption. SG stabilization also enables the grid to absorb sudden fluctuations in energy production, thus avoiding voltage and frequency fluctuations. SG stabilization technology further enhances the grid's responsiveness to sudden changes in energy demand, which is a common scenario among EV consumers. This technology can identify areas of high energy demand and automatically adjust the energy flow from DERs to meet EV charging demands. This helps to ensure the grid's stability and reduces the risk of blackouts and power surges. SG stabilization, with contributions from DERs, utilizes a combination of algorithms and technologies, such as linear programming, optimal power flow, and fuzzy logic. The technologies used include sensors, remote control systems, load forecasting, and demand response. Sensors monitor the power flow from DERs, while remote control systems manage their input. Additionally, load forecasting predicts future energy demand, and demand response systems adjust the DER output to meet EV charging in real-time based on changes in demand. Another benefit of SG stabilization is its ability to proactively manage DERs. This technology can shift the input from DERs to match the grid's demand from randomly fluctuating EV loads. The transition from load-following to generation-following supports the integration of renewable energy sources (RES) into the grid. DERs offer many benefits, such as being closer to demand, which reduces the need for upgrading transmission and distribution networks. This proximity to demand also enhances efficiency by minimizing power loss in transmission. As SGs transition to decentralized generation models through DERs, to meet fluctuating load demands due to EVs, they require a platform to enable energy trading. Blockchain technology could be a solution, providing a secure, trusted P2P platform for data and energy transactions, as well as a faster decentralized framework [107].