## 3 Results and Discussion
### Thermogravimetric Analysis  
In order to evaluate the thermal stability of the studied polymers, thermogravimetric analysis was conducted. Figure 7 and Table 5 collate the obtained data. The temperature at which the 1% weight loss of the polymer occurred (T\({}_{1\%}\)) was taken as the initial decomposition temperature. Among the terpen containing the polymers, the least thermally stable was P-DVB, whose decomposition began above 150 \({}^{\circ}\)C, which can be related to the partial oxidation of the polymer. Its decomposition ran in two stages that can be observed on the DTG plot as peaks at 155 and 447 \({}^{\circ}\)C (T\({}_{\rm{D1}}\) and T\({}_{\rm{max}}\)). C-DVB and L-DVB were thermally  
Figure 6: SEM images of the studied polymers.  
stable up to ca. 300 \({}^{\circ}\)C and their decomposition was a one-stage process occurring in the range of 350-550 \({}^{\circ}\)C with the temperature of the maximum decomposition rate (T\({}_{\text{max}}\)) being 445 \({}^{\circ}\)C. The process proceeded rapidly and was accompanied by a loss of approximately 89% of the sample weight. Comparing temperatures of 1% and 5% mass loss of the samples (T\({}_{\text{1\%}}\) and T\({}_{\text{5\%}}\)), the polymer L-DVB can be indicated as more thermally stable. For comparison, purpose curves for homopolymer pDVB (composed of only DVB under the same conditions as studied polymers), were added. As can be seen, decomposition of pDVB began at 200 \({}^{\circ}\)C with the oxidation process and progressed up to 480 \({}^{\circ}\)C. This meant that the C-DVB and L-DVB had better thermal stability than the pDVB.  
The thermal properties of the oil-based polymers were similar to those of the P-DVB. In this case, decompositions also exhibited two stages: again the first stage was slow and the other was rapid. The temperature ranges in which the discussed processes took place were also almost the same, 153-161 \({}^{\circ}\)C and 447-451 \({}^{\circ}\)C for T\({}_{\text{D1}}\) and T\({}_{\text{max}}\), respectively. However, the range of decomposition temperatures shifted downwards by around 50 degrees. The mass loss of the samples varied from 83 to 90%. Among the oil-based polymers, the most thermally stable was obtained with the use of rapeseed oil. The T\({}_{\text{1\%}}\) and T\({}_{\text{5\%}}\) values for the Ro-DVB polymer were comparable to those for C-DVB.  
The studies of the thermal properties of the synthesized polymer materials allow them to divide into two groups with different thermal stability. The first one included materials with lower temperature resistance (P-DVB, Lo-DVB, and Ao-DVB) than pDVB, for which  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c} \hline \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**Polymer**} & **T\({}_{\text{1\%}}\)** & **T\({}_{\text{5\%}}\)** & **T\({}_{\text{D1}}\)** & **T\({}_{\text{max}}\)** & **T\({}_{\text{D range}}\)** \\  & **(\({}^{\circ}\)C)** & **(\({}^{\circ}\)C)** & **(\({}^{\circ}\)C)** & **(\({}^{\circ}\)C)** & **(\({}^{\circ}\)C)** \\ \hline C-DVB & 294 & 355 & - & 445 & 350–550 \\ L-DVB & 345 & 381 & - & 445 & 350–550 \\ P-DVB & 154 & 296 & 155 & 447 & 350–550 \\ Ao-DVB & 175 & 321 & 161 & 447 & 300–500 \\ Lo-DVB & 144 & 269 & 153 & 451 & 300–500 \\ Ro-DVB & 298 & 353 & 160 & 449 & 300–500 \\ pDVB & 200 & 365 & - & 443 & 200–480 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}
Table 5: Results of thermogravimetric analyses.  
Figure 7: Thermogravimetric analysis results (**a**) C-DVB and L-DVB, and (**b**) Ao-DVB, Lo-DVB, and Ro-DVB.  
the recommended operating temperature should not exceed 100 \({}^{\circ}\)C, while the second one included C-DVB, L-DVB, and Ro-DVB, which can be used even at elevated temperatures up to 270-300 \({}^{\circ}\)C.