## 5 Discussions on the Completion State
### Further Optimization Analysis of the Completion State  
The targets of completion state control for concrete self-anchored suspension bridge include the uniform cable force, smooth girder alignment, suitable pre-lifting amount of the girder, and pre-biased amount of tower toward the side span, which considers the long-term concrete shrinkage and creep effects. The maximum measured girder lifting amount of the Hunan Road Bridge at the completion state was located in the middle of mid-span with the value of 0.013 m, with respect to the initial installation state. The measured biased amount of towers toward the side span were 0.4 cm. For the purpose of offsetting the adverse influences brought by the concrete shrinkage and creep effects during long-term service life, the further optimization analysis of the completion state was conducted based on the actual completion state. The optimized values of hanger force and girder lifting amount were determined to provide appropriate feedback to the construction control process. First, the predicted results of cable and girder displacements affected by long-term concrete shrinkage and creep are investigated, as shown in Figures 22 and 23, respectively. The prediction reliability was verified by comparing the predicted cable displacement of \(-\)0.020 m at DS19 after the first operation year with the measured data of \(-\)0.018 m. The significant downward deformation of cables at the middle mid-span will be caused by the movements of cable anchoring points at tower tops toward the mid-span. The girder deflection at the mid-span will increase continually, and the maximum is located in section CS5. The side-span girder will rise slightly. The structural alignment evolutions present a change trend of increasing quickly first and then slowing down. Then, the parametric analysis about the influence on the stress and geometry evolution of girder brought by the final girder alignment was conducted. The global hanger forces were changed by 1% to 5% to provide different final girder geometries. The bridge completion state after equilibrium analysis and the state evolution at mid-span girder section CS5 after 50 years are shown in Table 11. The longitudinal stresses of the plate close to the first outer web were compared. The results show that the compressive stresses of the top plate after 50 years will decrease in a safe range, and the ones of the bottom plate will increase. The girder compressive stress can be effectively allocated by increasing the pre-lifting amount of the girder at the mid-span. The adverse influences on the structural safety brought by concrete shrinkage and creep can then be reduced. In addition, the adjustment of \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Location** & **Cable** & **Measured Value (kN)** & **Target Value (kN)** & **Error Ratio (\%)** \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{West anchor end} & North cable & 51763.156 & 52945.4 & \(-\)2.22 \\  & South cable & 54320.910 & 52951.5 & 2.59 \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{East anchor end} & North cable & 51587.652 & 52966.3 & \(-\)2.60 \\  & South cable & 51585.725 & 52967.5 & \(-\)2.61 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 10: Comparison of cable force at completion state. Figure 21: Measured girder alignment at completion state and error. The calculation principles of the cable system was proposed based on the segmented catenary theory, invariance principle of unstressed length, and prediction of concrete shrinkage and creep. The cable analytic program (BNLAS SGKZ2000) and ANSYS spatial beam-type FE model were integrated. The synthesis algorithm for determining a reasonable completion state was proposed. The contact relationships between the cable and saddles during system transformation were well simulated using the refined FE meshing method. The rigid arms were introduced to consider the compressions of tower and girder caused by the cable force and concrete shrinkage and creep during construction. Thus, the calculation accuracy of the FE model was in good agreement with the BNLAS program.