# Development of an Intelligent Solution for the Optimization of Hybrid Energy Systems
## 2 Materials and Methods
### Ontology Editing and Presentation of a Scenario
#### 2.4.6 Presentation of a Scenario  
In this scenario, three Algerian cities were taken--Adrar, Annaba, and Illizi--which have different climatic characteristics. The three cities are presented with the average and annual radiation, the average and annual wind speed, the average and annual soil temperature, and the type of energy load (Tables 6 and 7).  
The criteria for selecting renewable energy sources are defined (Table 7):  
Regarding the values of 2550 Wh/m\({}^{2}\) for solar radiation, 5 m/s for wind speed, and 110 \({}^{\circ}\)C for soil temperature, they are considered the minimum acceptable values for electrical energy production for solar energy source, wind energy source, and geothermal energy source, respectively. For this reason, they were selected for the case study.  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{l l l l l} \hline \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**Site**} & **Average Annual** & **Average Annual** & **Average Annual Soil** & **Load Type** \\  & **Radiation (Wh/m\({}^{2}\))** & **Wind Speed (m/s)** & **Temperature (\({}^{\circ}\)C)** & \\ \hline Adrar & 3378 & 6 & 65 & LoadDaily \\ \hline Annaba & 2550 & 4 & 65 & LoadAnnual \\ \hline Illizi & 3350 & 4.5 & 45 & LoadMonthly \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}
Table 6: Example of KB data.  
Figure 4: Rules of inference in Protege- OWL.  
In this case study, we tested three techniques: LPSP, MUMT, and YMOST. In addition, the first technique is applied to loads of the \"Load Daily\" type. The second technique is applied to loads of the \"Load Monthly\" type. The third technique is applied to loads of the \"Load Annual\" type.  
The execution of the solution includes a set of steps:  
Step 1:  
This step is reserved for the choice of the site based on the rule form presented in Figure 5.  
In this example, the choice is Adrar City.  
Step 2:  
The objective in this step is to choose the energy sources. This operation is realized based on the intelligent reasoning rules (Figure 6).  
In rule (R5), by replacing the variables \"x\" and \"y\" with \"3378\" and \"Adrar\" sequentially, it can be seen that \"y\" is greater than 2550, which means that the Adrar site is characterized by a very high solar potential. The reasoning of the solution proposes the first source of energy, which is the solar photovoltaic.  
By replacing the variables (x = Adrar, y = 6) in rule (R6), we notice that \"y\" is greater than 5, which means that Adrar is characterized by an interesting wind potential. The reasoning of the solution proposes the second source of energy, which is the wind turbine.  
By replacing the variables x = Adrar and y = 65 in the rule (R7), we notice that \"y\" is less than 110, which means that the geothermal source is not interesting for the production of electricity on the site of Adrar.  
Based on the previous results and rule (R8), the reasoning of the solution proposes energy storage batteries as an essential element to ensure the good reliability of HES.  
Step 3:  
In this step, the objective is to choose the optimization technique by using the R1, R2, and R3 reasoning rules, then by replacing the variable \"y = DailyLoad\" in the three rules, (R1), (R2), and (R3). The \"LPSP\" technique is proposed by the reasoning of the solution.  
Figure 5: Rule form.  
Figure 6: Examples of intelligent reasoning rules.  
Due to the complexity of using and mastering the software and optimization tools for HES, this solution was proposed. It allows the selection of the appropriate tool to calculate the optimal configuration. This selection is made in a simple, easy way. It also makes it possible to relieve the user of any knowledge of energy sources or optimization techniques.  
The use of other methods requires knowledge of several aspects (sites, techniques, energy sources). On the other hand, with this solution, the user only chooses the site concerned with the installation, and the rest of the steps are ensured by the developed solution.