# Towards Future BIM Technology Innovations: A Bibliometric Analysis of the Literature
## 5 Discussion
### Technology Fusion Supporting BIM Development  
The complexity assets force the adoption of new technologies or tools to manage all the information [18]. BIM is not a short-term concept; it fundamentally underlies the digitalisation of the construction industry. It has been used to assist with managing data across the building lifecycle. However, a weak information integration and management approach can limit the ability to leverage a smart BIM environment. In this study, it has been shown that one type of technology alone cannot solve particular issues entirely. Current technologies have been utilised independently and not as a coherent system. A collective approach applying technologies such as AI, CC, Ontology, BC, DA, IoT, LS and ML to provide a dynamic BIM environment has not been proposed yet. The purpose of this section is to underline the functionalities that should be included to achieve the full potential of BIM. By looking at the studies concerning these technologies and BIM from 2010 to 2019, we identify that each functionality required a specific type of technology. Therefore, the authors indicated a technology fusion to support BIM development (Figure 4) as follows:  
Figure 4: Technology fusion supporting future BIM development. * Common data environment (CDE). Having sophisticated building design requirements necessitates a better way of sharing information throughout the building life cycle, which requires data to be exchanged among different stakeholders throughout the entire process. An environment where all information is shared centrally can deliver smooth decision-making processes and promote collaboration among different stakeholders. This points to the need for a federated cloud-based platform to transfer all this information. Connecting to the cloud decreases the time and effort devoted to a task. Furthermore, it can trace the users who take part in the project by displaying their actions in the project. The release of standards such as IFC, and the emergence of new technologies within BIM, can be a promising step toward a shared data environment and BIM engagement in diverse stages of the building lifecycle [99]. Technologies will be connected to a cloud-based platform, which forms a federated cloud-based system that allows for real-time data synchronisations among different stakeholders throughout the entire building lifecycle to boost collaboration, monitoring, and data sharing. * Real-time dynamic model. IoT technology, which makes a significant contribution to the concept of the digital twin, is one of the technologies that proved its worth in providing a productive environment for data for BIM models. IoT can be a tool to nourish a system with various types of real-time information. The concept of the IoT is based on using sensors or other devices such as Tags, GPS, Cameras and barcodes as integrated tools by connecting them to the Internet [104]. For instance, connecting the IoT to the cloud can be a means of network bonding since CC can be used as a database, cloud storage, server, and high-performance computing device [105] that can enable real-time collaboration. Likewise, the data collected from sensors can represent the input to technologies such as DA, AI and ML that can be used to train the collected data and help transfer them into knowledge, which will improve the decision-making process in existing and future projects. Using IoT technology will require following specific guidelines, standards, or rules while exchanging or sharing information, which can smoothen information exchange among different stakeholders [106]. Standards such as IFC can help with the information exchange. However, [PERSON] et al. [17] stated that \"Although a new entity IFCSensor has been added to the latest release of IFC, it still needs to be designed for building environmental monitoring by adding related attributes.\"
* Big Data Analysis Techniques. The drawback of using IoT technology alone is that the more data that are generated, the harder the process of applying and managing the data [107].