## 1 Introduction  
To ensure maritime traffic safety and address the increasing demands of maritime communication, the International Organization for Marine Aids to Navigation (IALA), previously designated as The International Association of Marine Aids to Navigation and Lighthouse Authorities, as of 22 August 2024, officially transformed its status from a Non-governmental Organization (NGO) to an Intergovernmental Organization (IGO) based on a convention that has been ratified or acceded to by 34 states to date. The new organization is named The International Organization for Marine Aids to Navigation, and the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) introduced the Very-High-Frequency Data Exchange System (VDES) into maritime mobile communication in 2013 [1]. Building upon the foundational functionalities of the Automatic Identification System (AIS), VDES integrates Application Specific Messages (ASM) and Wideband Very-High-Frequency Data Exchange (VDE) capabilities. Consequently, VDES mitigates the data communication burden on AIS, enhancing the capacity and efficiency of data exchange processes. In October 2015, IALA led the formulation of international standards for VDES, culminating in the release of the initial standard, ITU-R M.2092-0. This standard has since undergone iterative enhancements and refinements [2]. Currently, with the maturation of VDES technical standards, the international procedural progression of VDES has transitioned into the acknowledgment phase within the International Maritime Organization (IMO). During the 11 th session of the IMO Sub-Committee on Navigation, Communications, and Search and Rescue (NCSR11), held in June of this year, discussions focused on proposed amendments to the Safety of Life at Sea (SOLAS) Convention related to VDES and its performance standards. Subsequently, a correspondence group was established to advance these amendments to Chapter V of SOLAS, aiming to comprehensively introduce VDES as a replacement for AIS and as the inheritor of AIS's international legal standing. This development positions VDES as the foundational maritime digital infrastructure for advancing global E-navigation [3]. As the transition from AIS to VDES within the SOLAS Convention progresses, nations worldwide are expected to seize this opportunity to enhance research efforts regarding the performance and systemic evolution of VDES [4]. Nevertheless, notwithstanding the considerable potential of VDES to enhance the effectiveness of maritime communication, it also confronts certain drawbacks and challenges [5]. Currently, the maritime communication network mainly encompasses satellite-based maritime communication systems, land-based maritime communication systems, island-based maritime communication systems and other systems that respond to diverse service requirements. A schematic diagram of the maritime wireless communication system is presented in Figure 1[6]. However, as each system is relatively independent and lacks unified resource management and operational coordination, the overall utilization efficiency is extremely low, which restricts the development of maritime communications. Realizing the effective system integration of the existing maritime communication system can facilitate the efficient operation of the maritime network system and provide an effective guarantee for the scope of network coverage, real-time information transmission and reliability. In recent years, as maritime data communication requirements have continuously evolved, AIS, originally designed for automatic ship identification and collision avoidance, has increasingly assumed the role of ship-to-shore data communication. Intelligent processing of AIS data is used to predict ship positions in real time and can assist in decision making, thus enhancing maritime transportation safety and efficiency [7; 8]. The escalating communication demands placed on the AIS system within the VHF band have resulted in a highly con  
Figure 1: Schematic illustration of the maritime wireless communication system.