# Enhancing Space Management through Digital Twin: A Case Study of the Lazio Region Headquarters
## 3 Results and Discussion  
### Case Study: Lazio Region Headquarters  
The Lazio Region headquarters is an architectural complex situated in Rome at 7 Via Rosa Raimondi Garibaldi, serving as the headquarters of the Lazio Regional Council. The building is a sky-ground construction with ground-level offices, comprising twelve floors and two basement levels (Figure 14). Each floor is designed to accommodate 120 employees, with 60 offices. The ground floor, however, has 50 employees, resulting in a total of 1370 workstations. The occupational analysis conducted with the Shelly sensors described above revealed a maximum total presence of 991 employees on the same day over a three-month period. This figure still reflects the post-pandemic situation, with the spread of smart working and a reduced physical presence of workers in the office. The sensor report was analyzed and integrated with the BIM model (Figure 15), and in addition to the total presence, the relative distribution of occupants on each floor was also assessed (Table 1). The aforementioned data were then subjected to analysis and processing by the aforementioned ML system, which was employed to simulate potential future occupancies. Figure 13: Space management output dashboard—user interface. A remodeling of the building space is possible for a full employee rotation cycle, given that the maximum measured capacity for each floor has been taken into account. In fact, to accommodate 991 employees, eight floors would be sufficient, without considering the ground floor. Consequently, the potential exists for three entire floors of the facility to be rendered totally unused, leading to considerable energy and CO2 emission savings (Table 2, Figure 16). The three floors currently deemed surplus to requirements are currently under observation by the Lazio Region, which is in the process of determining the most appropriate use strategy to ensure that the value of the property is not eroded and that the architectural integrity of the building is not compromised. The most cost-effective solution is to rent the three floors to third parties. The architectural configuration of the edifice, and particularly the principal entrance, would permit the coexistence of two distinct entities within the same edifice. It is evident that a strategic building such as this could never be  
Figure 14: Top view of Lazio Region headquarters. Figure 15: Three-dimensional view of BIM model (Revit 2024). leased to another company or be occupied by a third party. The option was only considered for the sake of completeness of the research. Subsequently, the data from the attendance surveys of the employee shift period are entered as input into the ML system described above, which is able to simulate occupancy in subsequent periods. The implementation of this SM strategy has resulted in a reduction in energy consumption of 530.40 MWh per year, thereby avoiding the emission of 641.32 tons of CO\({}_{2}\) \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c} \hline \hline
**Floor** & **Available Stations** & **Maximum Detected** & **Unused Stations** \\ \hline
0 & 50 & 36 & 14 \\
1 & 120 & 104 & 16 \\
2 & 120 & 105 & 15 \\
3 & 120 & 97 & 23 \\
4 & 120 & 102 & 18 \\
5 & 120 & 88 & 32 \\
6 & 120 & 91 & 29 \\
7 & 120 & 106 & 14 \\
8 & 120 & 78 & 42 \\
9 & 120 & 58 & 62 \\
10 & 120 & 66 & 54 \\
11 & 120 & 60 & 60 \\ \hline Total & 1370 & 991 & 379 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 1: Detection of workstations deployed. Figure 16: Comparison between ANTE and POST scenarios: (**a**) energy consumption; (**b**) CO\({}_{2}\) emissions. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c c c} \hline \hline  & \multicolumn{4}{c}{**ANTE, 28.600 m\({}^{2}\)**} & \multicolumn{4}{c}{**POST, 20.800 m\({}^{2}\)**} \\ \hline  & **kWh/Year** & **MWh/Year** & \ \begin{tabular}{c} **Costs** \\ **[EUR/Year]** \\ \end{tabular}  & **t** & **Cos\({}_{2}\)/Year** & **kWh/Year** & **MWh/Year** & \begin{tabular}{c} **Costs** \\ **[EUR/Year]** \\ \end{tabular}