# Study on Electromagnetic Radiation Interference Caused by Rocket Fuel
## 5 Conclusions  
During the launch and return of a spacecraft, strong electromagnetic radiation generated by aerospace fuel deflagration and atmospheric friction can interfere with electronic equipment on the spacecraft, blocking the communication connection between the spacecraft and ground and threatening the safety of astronauts. To solve this problem, we first studied the characteristics of electromagnetic radiation generated by deflagration. The current known theoretical research suggests that high-energy fuel deflagration causes the surrounding air temperature to rise sharply, forming an unbalanced and incomplete low-temperature plasma region in a certain area, thereby generating electric and magnetic fields that are nonuniformly distributed and changing dynamically. To study the characteristics of electromagnetic radiation, an electromagnetic radiation measurement system composed of antennas, a signal conditioner, a remote trigger device, and a high-speed acquisition card was designed, and an electromagnetic signal analysis method was developed. In the electromagnetic environment modelling section, mathematical models of the electromagnetic environment were constructed based on the spatial, time-domain, frequency-domain, and energy-domain characteristics, and the section explored the interference of electromagnetic radiation generated by combustion in the working environment of a spacecraft on electronic equipment, which formed a complete set of \"measurement-acquisition-analysis-modelling\" analysis projects. In this paper, the electromagnetic radiation measurement experiment, based on different groups of high energetic materials, was carried out, and the electromagnetic radiation signal analysis method and data processing method proposed in the article were used to establish the electromagnetic environment evaluation index and the electromagnetic radiation threat level. The validity and feasibility of the classification standards for electromagnetic radiation were verified through experiments in this article, and the expected goal of the research was achieved.  
Conceptualization, Y.C. and S.W.; methodology, Y.C.; validation, Y.C. and S.G.; formal analysis, Y.C. and D.K.; investigation, Y.C. and S.W.; resources, Y.C. and J.J.; data curation, Y.C. and S.G.; writing--original draft preparation, Y.C.; writing--review and editing, J.J. and D.K.; supervision, J.J.; project administration, J.J.; funding acquisition, Y.C. and S.G. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.  
This research was funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 11372143); in part by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities under Grant 30919011263; in part by the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province, China under Grant BK20190464; in part by the Jiangsu Planned Projects for Postdoctoral Research Funds under Grant 1003-YBA20012; and in part by the Chinese Postdoctoral Science Foundation under Grant 2020M671481.  
**Institutional Review Board Statement:** Not applicable.  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Case** & **ts/s** & **tg/s** & **fjmin/MHz** & **fjmax/MHz** & **\(\Delta\)t/s** & **\(\Delta\)f/MHz** & **Complexity Index** & **Threat Level** \\ \hline
1 & 0.09 & 0.13 & 480 & 515 & 0.04 & 35 & A & I \\
2 & 0.18 & 0.34 & 900 & 1150 & 0.16 & 250 & B & IV \\
3 & 0.16 & 0.32 & 60 & 160 & 0.16 & 100 & B & II \\
4 & 0.42 & 0.60 & 270 & 420 & 0.18 & 150 & B & III \\
5 & 1.00 & 1.60 & 1100 & 1550 & 0.60 & 450 & E & V \\
6 & 0.95 & 1.30 & 1060 & 1150 & 0.35 & 90 & C & I \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}
Table 4: Interference level of electromagnetic radiation caused by rocket fuel.