## 2 Literature Review
### Literature Review from the Perspective of Survey-Based Passengers' Feedback  
Many survey-based studies focused on identifying the determinants of passenger sentiments, such as satisfaction or expectations. [PERSON]. [16] employed the standard multinomial logit model to relate dissatisfaction with specific airport services to the likelihood of passengers promoting airport services. The findings indicate that the airport staff and queuing times have the greatest influence on passenger intentions to promote an airport. [PERSON]. [15] used Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) to demonstrate that airport features such as security, check-in, wayfinding, airport environment, access, arrival services, and airport facilities are significant determinants of passenger expectations. Similarly, [PERSON]. [25] utilized CFA and Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) and found that passengers' positive sentiment was a significant determinant of their intention to revisit the airport. It was reported that service quality, particularly facilities, check-in, servicescape, security, and airport image played a significant moderating role between positive sentiment and the intention to revisit. [PERSON]. [26] employed the Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) to show that human interaction in an airport is among the most important determinants of passengers' positive sentiment, a finding also confirmed by [27]. Similarly, [PERSON]. [28] used EFA to identify seven dimensions, including traffic, check-in handling, direction signs, airport environment, security, entry procedure, and airport services, that significantly influence passengers' assessment of ASQ. [PERSON]. [29] argued for the refinement of the airport service quality (ASQ) scale and applied the Airports Council International (ACI) measures to gauge passengers' positive sentiment in Indian airports. [PERSON]. [30] utilized the Airport Indicators of Passenger Experience (AIPEX) model to assess the influence of ASQ on passengers' satisfaction. They divided airport services into two categories: non-processing (main facilities and value addition) and processing (queue and waiting time, helpfulness and communication, and prime services), and found that the processing category significantly influences passengers' satisfaction. Ref. [27] applied SEM to reveal that the ASQ is significantly related to airport reuse and destination revisiting. Ref. [31] used the analytic network process method to investigate Turkish airports and found that facilities sustain passengers' positive sentiments. They also found that positive sentiment is associated with food service by applying logistic regression to investigate Brazilian airports. A survey conducted by [32], followed by an expert review, suggests that airport services mainly revolve around airport personnel, emphasizing reliability, proficiency, and empathy. Ref. [33] suggested that passengers' satisfaction and reuse of airports significantly mediated the relationship between ASQ and the intention to revisit the destination. However, their work did not specify the particular airport services referred to by respondents. Refs. [34; 35] assessed passenger satisfaction and positivity towards services related to both airlines and airports, including seat comfort, staff, food and beverage, entertainment, ground services, and value for money. They employed various analysis tools, such as text mining analysis, semantic network analysis, frequency analysis, and linear regression analysis, to demonstrate that satisfaction is equally influenced by the quality of services at the airport and the quality of airline services. The research also reveals that the ASQ not only positively influences passengers' moods but also increases their trust and enhances the corporate image of the airport. The review shows that there are many studies utilizing statistical methods and surveys to identify the factors that influence passengers' sentiments.