## 8 Network Setup, Results, and Discussion
### Results and Discussion
The SE of the network decreases with the increase in power of the jammers because of the increase in cumulative jamming power, which results in an increase in the overall interference in the network  
Figure 7: MBS’s influence on equipment’s coverage probability. by reducing the SIR and SE. Thus, network designers must focus on designing advanced counter-jamming techniques when jammers and fluctuations of antenna beams disrupt the system's performance. Figure 10 depicts the impact of jammers on the equipment's coverage. The coverage of the V2X connection in the presence of jamming clusters in the region decreases with increasing numbers of jammers and clusters in the network. This is because a higher value of jammers means that a larger value of jamming interference is introduced in the network when compared with the V2X link without considering jammers, leading to a reduced SIR  
Figure 8: Influence of jamming power on equipment’s coverage probability. Figure 9: Influence of jammer’s power on equipment’s spectrum. and coverage probability for the V2X links considering jamming. The figure shows that when the 3D beam-width variations of the antenna increase from \(\sigma=0^{\circ}\) up to \(\sigma=2^{\circ}\), it affects the coverage of the V2L connection and V2N connection and decreases the coverage of the V2L connection and V2N connection when compared with the V2M connection and V2V connection because higher values of 3D beam-width fluctuations result in lowering the power received by the antenna of the UAV, giving rise to a lesser obtained SIR and coverage of the V2L connection and V2N connection. Figure 11 indicates the manner in which jamming clusters affect the equipment's spectrum. The V2X connection without considering jammers (solid black line curve) is solely intended to compare the V2X connection with jammers (dotted-dashed black line curve). It serves as a reference curve (under the given node densities). The SE of the V2X connection with jamming decreases in comparison with the reference curve of V2X as the number of jamming clusters increases in the network. This is because an increased number of jammers provides more jamming interference, resulting in a lower SIR and SE for the relevant jamming links. Similarly, the SE of V2V, V2L, V2N, and V2M connections with jamming decreases (in dotted-dashed line curves) when compared with their respective reference SE results (in solid line curves). The V2X and V2M connections with jamming exhibit a significant decline in SE performance in comparison with the jamming curves of V2V connection, V2L connection, or V2N connection. This is because V-N associates at a higher probability with MBS in V2M connection for the considered simulation parameters. Since the association of the V-N with the MBS has a higher probability, thus, when the jammers are introduced in the network, higher degradation in the SE is observed for the V2M connection. Moreover, since V2X connection's performance is mainly dependent on the V2M connection, when V2M performance decreases (for the considered simulation parameters), it also accounts for the decrease of the whole system's SE (i.e., decrease in SE of the V2X connection). Also, the other connections, like V2V, V2L, and V2N, have lower probabilities of association and coverage in comparison with the V2M connection; therefore, the influence and decline of jamming is less noticeable. The figure demonstrates the manner in which increasing the antenna's beam-width variations impacts the SE of the V2L, V2N,  
Figure 10: Jamming cluster’s influence on equipment’s coverage probability. and V2X connections. This is because higher-beam variations reduce the power captured by the receiver, resulting in a lower SIR and SE of the channel for communication. Thus, network designers must focus on designing advanced counter-jamming techniques when jammers, along with the antenna beam-width variations, disrupt the system's performance.