# Sitting Posture Recognition Systems: Comprehensive Literature Review and Analysis
###### Abstract  
Sitting posture recognition systems have gained significant attention due to their potential applications in various domains, including healthcare, ergonomics, and human-computer interaction. This paper presents a comprehensive literature review and analysis of existing sitting posture recognition systems. Through an extensive examination of relevant research articles and conference papers, we identify and analyze the underlying technologies, methodologies, datasets, performance metrics, and applications associated with these systems. The review encompasses both traditional methods, such as vision-based approaches and sensor-based techniques, as well as emerging technologies such as machine learning and deep learning algorithms. Additionally, we examine the challenges, constraints, and future trends in the field of sitting posture recognition systems. Researchers, practitioners, and policymakers who want to comprehend the most recent developments and latest trends in sitting posture recognition technology will find great value in this study. sitting posture recognition; musculoskeletal disorders; literature review; sensor-based systems; machine learning; healthcare; ergonomics +
Footnote †: journal: Medical  
laying postures. Maintaining proper arm posture, keeping the spine in a neutral position, and placing your legs so that they are flat on the floor with your knees and feet about hip-width apart are the components of the ideal sitting position. Four major body parts make up the sitting position, according to the ISO 11226-2000 international standard for evaluating ergonomic aspects of working postures [9]: the trunk, head, upper extremity, and lower extremity. Sitting upright is regarded as the optimal position because it distributes force evenly over both hips and minimizes lumbar compensation [10]. The spinal discs and back muscles are strained by bad posture, which can lead to pain and discomfort in your lower and upper back. Sitting with the head tilted forward for extended periods can cause neck pain, stiffness, and headaches. It can also impede blood flow to the legs and feet, leading to swelling, numbness, and tingling [11]. Slouching or hunching forward can strain the muscles in the shoulders and cause pain and discomfort [12,13]. A summary of health issues arising as a result of bad posture is outlined in Table 1.  
As of 2021, the Health and Safety Executive reported that 470,000 workers in the UK suffered from musculoskeletal diseases related to their jobs. Approximately 166,000 cases (16%) affect the lower limbs, 212,000 cases (45%) the upper limbs or neck, and 182,000 cases (39%) the back. Every year, more than 2.34 million individuals lose their lives due to occupational injuries or diseases. The work-related fatality was highest among Asians (65%), followed by Africa (11.8%) and Europe (11.7%) [14]. Musculoskeletal diseases affect millions of computer workers, constituting the most prevalent source of occupational illness in the USA. In 2016, these musculoskeletal disorders accounted for the largest portion of healthcare spending, estimated at $380.9 billion [15]. Correct body posture is critical for maintaining overall human health and well-being. Ideal upright posture is often considered a reflection of musculoskeletal well-being and serves as a major indicator of the healthiness of the movement system [26]. When the body is properly aligned, with the spine in its natural curves and the muscles and joints balanced, it reduces the strain on muscles, ligaments, and joints. Fortunately, numerous remedies exist to address posture-related concerns and promote overall well-being. The best remedy is learning about good posture; when people are informed of correct posture, they are expected to implement healthy posture practices in their daily lives [27]. Setting alerts or reminders can also help in maintaining a proper sitting posture by warning individuals to take breaks, move around regularly, change positions, and stretch every so often [28].