## 2 Materials and Methods
### Test Method
#### 2.4.2 Experimental Set-Up for Flexural Behavior  
RC members were prepared to investigate the effect of the substitution ratio of heavyweight waste glass on the flexural behavior. The size of the RC member for the flexural test is 150 mm \(\times\) 205 mm \(\times\) 1400 mm (width \(\times\) depth \(\times\) length). All RC members were loaded at two points symmetrically about the center section. Cyclically increasing displacement loading was applied on beams and the total load applied by the hydraulic jack was measured with a 500 kN capacity load cell. A load spreader beam was used to distribute the total load at two loading points such that a constant moment region of length 400 mm was obtained. The details related to the test set up are shown in Figure 1.  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c c c c} \hline \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**Specimen ID**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**W/B (\%)**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**H.R 1**} & \multicolumn{8}{c}{**Unit Weight (kg/m3)**} \\ \cline{4-10}  & & & & **W** & **C** & **G** & **S** & **H.G 2** & **FA** & **BFS** \\ \hline
35 OPC-0 & 35 & 0 & 167 & 477 & 999 & 673 & - & - & - \\
35 OPC-50 & 35 & 50 & 167 & 477 & 999 & 337 & 388 & - & - \\
35 OPC-100 & 35 & 100 & 167 & 477 & 999 & - & 777 & - & - \\
45 OPC-0 & 45 & 0 & 170 & 378 & 1008 & 738 & - & - & - \\
45 OPC-50 & 45 & 50 & 170 & 378 & 1008 & 369 & 426 & - & - \\
45 OPC-100 & 45 & 100 & 170 & 378 & 1008 & - & 851 & - & - \\
55 OPC-0 & 55 & 0 & 173 & 315 & 998 & 792 & - & - & - \\
55 OPC-50 & 55 & 50 & 173 & 315 & 998 & 396 & 457 & - & - \\
55 OPC-100 & 55 & 100 & 173 & 315 & 998 & - & 914 & - & - \\
45 FA20-0 & 45 & 0 & 170 & 302 & 996 & 729 & - & 76 & - \\
45 FA20-50 & 45 & 50 & 170 & 302 & 996 & 364 & 420 & 76 & - \\
45 FA20-100 & 45 & 100 & 170 & 302 & 996 & - & 841 & 76 & - \\
45 BFS50-0 & 45 & 0 & 170 & 189 & 971 & 713 & - & - & 189 \\
45 BFS50-50 & 45 & 50 & 170 & 189 & 971 & 357 & 421 & - & 189 \\
45 BFS50-100 & 45 & 100 & 170 & 189 & 971 & - & 842 & - & 189 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular} \({}^{1}\) Heavyweight waste glass substitution ratio. 2 Heavyweight waste glass.  
\end{table}
Table 4: Concrete mix proportion.  
Figure 1: Reinforcement detail and cross-section of the RC member.  
Meanwhile, the mechanical properties of the reinforcement used in this study are shown in Table 5. The nominal diameter of the primary reinforcement is 13 mm and the yield strength (f\({}_{y}\)) is 430 MPa. The yield strength of the stirrups with a diameter of 10 mm is 480 MPa. The stirrup spacing is 80 mm.  
When the central displacement at the center of a member reached 0.5\(\Delta\)y, 1.0\(\Delta\)y, 2.0\(\Delta\)y, 3.0\(\Delta\)y and 4.0\(\Delta\)y, the vertical load was removed and reapplied cyclically, where \(\Delta\)y is the yielding displacement of the member as obtained from the load-displacement curve (Figure 2).  
To obtain the vertical displacement under an increasing load, an LVDT was installed vertically on the bottom of the center section. In addition, the steel strain at each stage was measured using a steel strain gauge. To obtain the concrete strain at the compressive zone, the strain gauge of concrete was attached to the 10 mm, and 20 mm lines from the edge of the compressive zone.