# Electromagnetic Field-Aware Radio Resource Management for 5G and Beyond: A Survey
## 4 EMF Exposure Level and 5G Technologies
### EMF Exposure and 5G Radio Access Technologies
\begin{tabular}{c} 8 \(\times\) 8 dual-polarized \\ element antenna array \\ with fixed beams \\ \end{tabular}  & 3.5 &
\begin{tabular}{c} •Far-field region of a 5G BS \\ • \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Category** & **Paper** & **Antenna Configuration** & \begin{tabular}{c} **Frequency** \\ **Band (GHz)** \\ \end{tabular} & \
\begin{tabular}{c} **Network Architecture** \\ **and Transmission** \\ \end{tabular} &
\begin{tabular}{c} **EMF** \\ **Evaluation Metrics** \\ \end{tabular} \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{[49]} & \multirow{4}{*}{Predefined (fixed) beams.} & \multirow{4}{*}{3.5} & \(\bullet\) & BS antenna height 12 m above the floor level of a parking building in & Electric field strength (V/m) \\  & & & Dusseldorf, Germany & \\  & & & Downlink and uplink & \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{[44]} & \(16\times 8\) MIMO testbed & \multirow{4}{*}{2.63} & \(\bullet\) & Real-world indoor environment (15 m long, 7.5 m wide, and 3 m high) & Electric field strength (V/m) \\  & & scenarios & & Downlink & \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{[69]} & Massive MIMO (64T64R) & \multirow{4}{*}{24–52} & \(\bullet\) & BS antenna height 20 m above the ground & Average electric field (V/m) \\  & multiple and & & Downlink & \\ \cline{1-1}  & SU-MIMO SDMA & & & Downlink & \\ \cline{1-1}  & technique & & & \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{[45]} & Single-user MIMO & \multirow{4}{*}{3.3–3.8} & \(\bullet\) & 25 SC BSs of the Telstra & Time-averaged equivalent isotopically \\  & codebook-based beamforming with 8 & & & urban areas of Australia & radiated power (dB) \\ \cline{1-1}  & CSI-RS ports & & \(\bullet\) & Downlink & \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{[59,60]} & \multirow{4}{*}{4T4R MIMO with 64 beams} & \multirow{4}{*}{29.5} & \(\bullet\) & BS antenna height 10 m above ground on the upper level of a Rekascape building in Cyberjaya, Malaysia & Electric field strength (V/m) \\  & & & & \(\bullet\) & Downlink \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{[55]} & Commercial 5G antenna deployment & \multirow{4}{*}{0.7, 3.5} & \(\bullet\) & 5G tower located in Sacorfano, Rome city, Italy & Power density (mW/m2) \\  & & & & Downlink & Electric field (V/m) \\  & & & & \(\bullet\) & Downlink \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{Experimental Approach} & Commercial 5G FWA & \multirow{4}{*}{3.45–3.5} & \(\bullet\) & 5G SA fixed wireless access deployment in a baseball stadium & Electric field strength (V/m) \\  & & spatial multiplexing & & \(\bullet\) & Downlink \\ \cline{1-1}  & Massive MIMO with up to 96 transmit antennas using SU-MIMO and & \multirow{4}{*}{2.63} & \(\bullet\) & Indoor and outdoor environments at University of Survey & Electric field strength (V/m) \\  & & MU-MIMO & & \(\bullet\) & Downlink \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{[50]} & Commercial massive MIMO 5G BS (Ericsson AIR 5322) & \multirow{4}{*}{26–28} & \(\bullet\) & Indoor LoS and NLoS environment at distances between 9.94 and 14.32 m from BS. & Power density (mW/m2) \\  & & & & BS. & \\ \cline{1-1}  & Commercial 8T8R MIMO & \multirow{4}{*}{3.41} & \(\bullet\) & Single 5G BS and distance of the measurement points between 5G and 170 m from BS & Electric field strength (V/m) \\ \cline{1-1}  & BS antennas & & \(\bullet\) & Downlink \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{[52]} & Commercial cellular BSs & \multirow{4}{*}{0.7–3.5} & \(\bullet\) & Set of 70 micro-environments (e.g., residential area, downtown, business area, train station, and public transport ride) in urban and rural areas of France & Electric field strength (V/m) \\  & & & & of France \\ \cline{1-1}  & Commercial cellular BSs & \multirow{4}{*}{0.8–3.5} & \(\bullet\) & Three urban sites in Luxembourg using fixed and mobile measuring devices & Electric field strength (V/m) \\ \cline{1-1}  & & & & Downlink \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{[57]} & Commercial 5G massive MIMO BS (Ericsson AIR 6488) & \multirow{4}{*}{3.3–3.8} & \(\bullet\) & Deployment of nine 5G BSs in a stadium with maximum output power between 56 and 80 W & Time-averaged equivalent isotopically radiated power (dB) \\ \cline{1-1}  & & & \(\bullet\) & Downlink \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 2: _Cont._