## 4 Vehicle Storage Analysis
### Results of Experiments  
Figures 1-3 reveal comprehensive insights into the thermal performance characteristics of Model A and Model B Quad-Level Cell (QLC) Solid-State Drives (SSDs), demonstrating nuanced performance degradation patterns under escalating environmental temperatures. At the baseline temperature of 25 \({}^{\circ}\)C, both SSD models exhibit distinctive operational profiles. Peak throughput is achieved for both models, with read throughput consistently surpassing write throughput across sequential and random access scenarios. Model A demonstrates asymmetrical performance characteristics, displaying superior efficiency in sequential write operations compared to random writes, while exhibiting an inverse performance trend in read operations. In contrast, Model B maintains remarkable throughput consistency across sequential and random read/write operations. Input/Output Operations per Second (IOPS) performance further differentiates the models, with Model B demonstrating superior read operation capabilities. Model A's IOPS exhibit variable performance--higher for sequential write operations but inversely configured for random  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{l c c} \hline \hline
**Component** & **Lowest Temperature** & **Highest Temperature** \\ \hline NVMeSSD & \(-\)40 \({}^{\circ}\)C & 85 \({}^{\circ}\)C \\ \hline HDD & 0 \({}^{\circ}\)C & 60 \({}^{\circ}\)C \\ \hline NetworkCard & 0 \({}^{\circ}\)C & 90 \({}^{\circ}\)C \\ \hline NetworkSwitch & \(-\)40 \({}^{\circ}\)C & 85 \({}^{\circ}\)C \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}
Table 1: Best Performance Temperatures for Storage and Network Devices.  
tasks--whereas Model B demonstrates more uniform IOPS characteristics with consistently elevated reading performance. Latency measurements reveal predominantly faster read operations for both models, with Model A's random read/write performance presenting a notable exception.
* Temperature Elevation from 25 \({}^{\circ}\)C to 35 \({}^{\circ}\)C: Performance Implications. As environmental temperature increases from 25 \({}^{\circ}\)C to 35 \({}^{\circ}\)C, both models manifest performance degradation, with Model A experiencing more pronounced throughput reductions. Random read operations exhibit the most significant throughput decline for Model A, while Model B demonstrates relatively uniform degradation across reading tasks. Reading operations generally show marginally higher performance decline compared to write operations for both models. IOPS measurements reveal divergent behaviors: Model A experiences substantial IOPS reduction, whereas Model B demonstrates slight IOPS improvements, particularly in random read operations. Latency measurements further underscore the models' differential responses--Model A registers increased latency values, while Model B exhibits minor latency reductions during this temperature transition. In short, Model A shows sharper throughput declines, especially in random read. At the same time, Model B experiences smaller drops and sometimes minor IOPS improvements (likely from firmware adjustments).
* Thermal Stress at 25 \({}^{\circ}\)C to 50 \({}^{\circ}\)C: Comprehensive Performance Analysis. Elevating temperatures from 25 \({}^{\circ}\)C to 50 \({}^{\circ}\)C precipitates comprehensive performance degradation across throughput, IOPS, and latency metrics for both SSD models. Both Model A and Model B demonstrate significant throughput and IOPS reductions, with Model A experiencing more pronounced performance deterioration, especially in read operations. The IOPS reduction patterns remain comparable between models. Latency measurements reveal markedly different thermal responses: Model A exhibits substantial latency increases, while Model B experiences more moderate performance degradation.  
Figure 1: IOPS Comparison Between Model A and Model B.