# Research on the Influence of Anxiety Psychology on Unsafe Behavior Among Construction Workers
## 2 Literature Review and Theoretical Model
### Anxiety Psychology and Unsafe Behaviors  
In psychology, anxiety is primarily conceptualized as a psychological state characterized by unpleasant emotions such as tension, unease, and distress in anticipation of potential threats [22]. Early research on anxiety psychology centered on psychoanalytic, cognitive-behavioral, and humanistic schools[PERSON] For instance, [PERSON] [23] posited that anxiety arises from interpersonal relationships, with social interactions inherently triggering mild anxiety in most individuals. [PERSON] [24] proposed the self-discrepancy theory, emphasizing cognitive conflict as a driver of anxiety. [PERSON] posited that human development necessitates anxiety, as it generates psychological tension that activates individuals' adaptive response mechanisms. This tension mobilizes cognitive resources and latent potential, enabling proactive problem-solving in challenging situations [25].  
Contemporary studies predominantly focus on macro-level analyses of societal anxiety[PERSON] Several scholars have investigated direct triggers of miners' unsafe behaviors, identifying anxiety, fear, depression, and boredom as key emotional factors influencing unsafe psychology [26; 27; 28]. Anxiety impacts production safety primarily through cognitive biases (e.g., prioritizing immediate concerns over long-term benefits) and behavioral pattern alterations. Short-term anxiety triggers the secretion of stress hormones (e.g., cortisol, adrenaline), enhancing neuromuscular responsiveness and cognitive acuity to cope with sudden workloads. However, chronic anxiety disrupts hormonal balance, impairing cardiopulmonary and neurological functions, leading to uncontrollable worry (e.g., rapid breathing, heart palpitations) and escalating safety risks [29]. To mitigate anxiety's adverse effects, cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) has been validated as an effective intervention for health-related anxiety, alleviating symptoms of depression and anxiety [30]. Additionally, short-term mindfulness meditation training not only reframes negative cognitive schemas about anxiety but also enhances metacognitive control, corrects cognitive distortions, and improves adaptive coping strategies [31].  
Amid rapid societal development, the convergence and clash of multicultural dynamics, conflicts between traditional and modern values during social transitions, and escalating life and employment pressures have collectively contributed to widespread anxiety [32]. Construction workers, exposed to high-intensity labor, hazardous environments, and social isolation, are particularly susceptible to anxiety. Although high-pressure work environments and societal anxiety may exacerbate anxiety levels, the interaction mechanisms between these contextual factors and unsafe behaviors remain unclear. Specifically, the precise pathways through which anxiety psychology influences unsafe behaviors in construction workers--the core workforce--are yet to be elucidated. This underscores the need to systematically investigate which factors shape construction workers' anxiety and how such anxiety translates into concrete unsafe behaviors.  
Based on the above analysis, the following hypothesis is proposed:  
**H1:**: _Construction workers' anxiety psychology is positively correlated with unsafe behaviors._