## 1 Introduction  
Nanotechnology is the manipulation of matter on a near-atomic scale to produce new structures, materials, and devices. This technology promises scientific advancement in many sectors such as medicine, consumer products, energy, materials, and manufacturing. Thus, nanotechnology involves understanding and controlling matter at the nanometer scale. The so-called nanoscale deals with dimensions between approximately 1 and 100 nanometers. As a result, nanomaterials are the foundation of nanotechnology. Nobel laureate [PERSON] was the first to speak about nanotechnology in 1959 during his famous lecture \"There's Plenty of Room at the Bottom\" [1]. Since then, a revolution in this field has taken place, demonstrating [PERSON]'s ideas of manipulating matter at the nanoscale. Nanomaterials show a distinct state of matter from the normally referred to states (solid, liquid, or gaseous state). Materials exhibit unique properties at the nanoscale that affect physical, chemical, and biological behavior. Quantum effects, surface effects, and confinement of electrons cause these properties and change the conductivity, reactivity, strength, and optical behavior of materials. The incorporation of nanoparticles into materials to create tailored properties is possible because nanotechnology allows for the modification of nanoparticles at the atomic and molecular levels [2]. Because of the versatility of nanotechnology, nanotech innovations influence many areas, including the construction industry, where nanotechnology represents a major opportunity to develop more sustainable materials for buildings and other constructions. Currently, there is a rapidly growing interest in using nanotechnology in concrete products to reduce their environmental impact, improve their sustainability, and mitigate climate change [3; 4]. In this context, the tremendous potential of nanoparticles as nano-additives to concrete technology has been demonstrated. Nanoparticles have a very large specific surface area relative to their size. So, the incorporation of small quantities, less than 5 wt%, causes significant changes in the properties of concretes. In general, mechanical properties and durability have been enhanced using ultrafine size nanoparticles (<100 nm) with a very large specific surface area (SSA) [5]. The following three strategies were proposed to modify the regular properties of cement-based material:  
* Nanoparticles provide a seeding surface for the deposition of hydrates and therefore facilitate the hydration of OPC and mineral admixtures. * Nano-SiO\({}_{2}\) and other nano-clays increase pozzolanic reactivity, thus increasing the production of cementitious phases, most notably, C-S-H.
* Nanoparticles fill gaps among larger particles and modify nano and micro-scale density. There are also limitations in the use of nanoparticles in cement-based materials. The main limitations are the following:  
* The high cost of nanoparticles in comparison with other concrete components. * Changes in the flowability and set times of OPC products, although this may be a benefit in some applications. * High variability in OPC products with nanoparticles. In general terms, wide-range variability has been appreciated in the incorporation of nanoparticles into cement-based material [5]. Nano-SiO\({}_{2}\) is strongly recommended for several applications because it improves early strength, reduces porosity, and enhances the corrosion resistance of modified concrete composites [6]. Most mixed cement-based materials with nanoparticles enhance strength performance, but it was seen that high percentages of nanoparticles may negatively affect the mechanical properties and durability of concrete. These inconveniences were associated with the difficulty of dispersion and the formation of weak spots in the matrix [6]. Previous works revealed that the careful use of nanoparticles as additives may be a novel strategy to enhance the micro- and nano-scale structure of cement-based materials.