# W-Band Modular Antenna/Detector Array for the Electron Cyclotron Emission Imaging System in KSTAR  
[PERSON]  
1 Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan 44919, Korea; [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (G.H.L. ); [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (H.K.P. ); [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (Y.K.I.) 1  
[PERSON]  
2 School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea; [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (J.S.L. ); [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (D.H.K. ); [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (S.H.N. ); [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (M.J.K. ); [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (B.C.M. ); [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (H.C.C.) 2  
[PERSON]  
2 School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea; [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (J.S.L. ); [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (D.H.K. ); [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (S.H.N. ); [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (M.J.K. ); [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (B.C.M. ); [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (H.C.C.) 2  
[PERSON]  
2 School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea; [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (J.S.L. ); [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (D.H.K. ); [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (S.H.N. ); [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (M.J.K. ); [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (B.C.M. ); [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (H.C.C.) 2  
W. [PERSON]  
3 Korea Institute of Fusion Energy, Daejeon 34133, Korea; jsehyun@kfe.rek (J.H.L. ); volee@kte.rek (W.C.L.) 3  
W. [PERSON]  
3 Korea Institute of Fusion Energy, Daejeon 34133, Korea; [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (J.H.L. ); volee@kte.rek (W.C.L.) 3  
[PERSON]  
3 Korea Institute of Fusion Energy, Daejeon 34133, Korea; [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (J.H.L. ); volee@kte.rek (W.C.L.) 3  
W. [PERSON]  
3 Korea Institute of Fusion Energy, Daejeon 34133, Korea; [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (J.H.L. ); volee@kte.rek (W.C.L.) 3  
[PERSON]  
3 Korea Institute of Fusion Energy, Daejeon 34133, Korea; [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (J.H.L. ); volee@kte.rek (W.C.L.) 3  
[PERSON]  
3 Korea Institute of Fusion Energy, Daejeon 34133, Korea; [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (J.H.L. ); [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (W.C.L.) 3  
[PERSON]  
3 Korea Institute of Fusion Energy, Daejeon 34133, Korea; [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (J.H.L. ); [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (W.C.L.) 3  
[PERSON]  
3 Korea Institute of Fusion Energy, Daejeon 34133, Korea; [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (J.H.L. ); [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (W.C.L.) 3  
[PERSON]  
3 Korea Institute of Fusion Energy, Daejeon 34133, Korea; [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (J.H.L. ); [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (W.C.L.) 3  
[PERSON]  
3 Korea Institute of Fusion Energy, Daejeon 34133, Korea; [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (J.H.L. ); [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (W.C.L.) 3  
[PERSON]  
3 Korea Institute of Fusion Energy, Daejeon 341333, Korea; [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (J.H.L. ); [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (W.C.L.) 3  
[PERSON]  
3 Korea Institute of Fusion Energy, Daejeon 34133, Korea; [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (J.H.L. ); [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (W.C.L.) 3  
[PERSON]  
3 Korea Institute of Fusion Energy, Daejeon 34133, Korea; [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (J.H.L. ); volee@kte.rek (W.C.L.) 3  
[PERSON]  
3 Korea Institute of Fusion Energy, Daejeon 34133, Korea; [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (J.H.L. ); [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (W.C.L.) 3  
[PERSON]  
3 Korea Institute of Fusion Energy, Daejeon 34133, Korea; [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (J.H.L. ); volee@kte. of the magnetic field. Thus, the electron cyclotron emission radiation is generated by the rotation of electrons following along the magnetic field lines. In addition, the rotating electrons radiate the harmonics of the ECE frequencies. Since the radiation from an optically thick plasma is close to the blackbody radiation, the intensity of the ECE radiation is assumed to be proportional to the electron temperature of the plasma. Furthermore, each ECE radiation frequency represents the radial position of the corresponding magnetic field. Therefore, the intensity measurement of the ECE radiation in various frequency bands allows for the identification of the radially localized electron temperature fluctuation [12; 13]. In a tokamak plasma, an ECE measurement can be performed for an ordinary mode (O-mode) or an extraordinary mode (X-mode). In the Korea Superconducting Tokamak Advanced Research (KSTAR), with the high magnetic field (\(B_{0}=2\) T) condition, most of the outward propagated radiation is the second harmonic of the ECE frequency in the X-mode waves, typically lying in W/F-band (75-140 GHz).