## 4 Results  
In this section, we present a comprehensive objective and subjective performance result as shown in Sections 4.1 and 4.2. Based on the test data, the performance metrics are reported. For the subjective testing, the results are reported for indoor, outdoor, cross-hands, and all scenarios (average). All these results can be seen in Tables 3-8 corresponding to InceptionV4, ConvXTNet, EdgeNeXt, EfficientNetV2, NanoViT, and MobileNetV3 models, respectively. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Dataset** & **Test Scenario** & **Precision** & **Recall** & **F1-Score** & **Specificity** & **Accuracy** \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{EgoGesture} & Test data & 0.93 & 0.92 & 0.92 & 0.97 & 0.92 \\  & Indoor & 0.91 & 0.89 & 0.90 & 0.96 & 0.90 \\  & Outdoor & 0.85 & 0.84 & 0.84 & 0.94 & 0.84 \\  & Cross-hands & 0.80 & 0.79 & 0.79 & 0.93 & 0.79 \\  & All scenarios & 0.88 & 0.87 & 0.87 & 0.95 & 0.88 \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{NVGesture} & Test data & 0.80 & 0.80 & 0.80 & 0.97 & 0.80 \\  & Indoor & 0.78 & 0.77 & 0.77 & 0.95 & 0.77 \\  & Outdoor & 0.70 & 0.69 & 0.69 & 0.92 & 0.69 \\  & Cross-hands & 0.74 & 0.72 & 0.73 & 0.91 & 0.73 \\  & All scenarios & 0.78 & 0.77 & 0.77 & 0.93 & 0.78 \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{Jesture} & Test data & 0.76 & 0.75 & 0.75 & 0.93 & 0.75 \\  & Indoor & 0.72 & 0.71 & 0.71 & 0.89 & 0.71 \\ \cline{1-1}  & Outdoor & 0.64 & 0.63 & 0.63 & 0.85 & 0.63 \\ \cline{1-1}  & Cross-hands & 0.68 & 0.66 & 0.67 & 0.88 & 0.67 \\ \cline{1-1}  & All scenarios & 0.72 & 0.71 & 0.71 & 0.90 & 0.72 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Dataset** & **Test Scenario** & **Precision** & **Recall** & **F1-Score** & **Specificity** & **Accuracy** \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{EgoGesture} & Test data & 0.93 & 0.92 & 0.92 & 0.97 & 0.92 \\  & Indoor & 0.91 & 0.89 & 0.90 & 0.96 & 0.90 \\  & Outdoor & 0.85 & 0.84 & 0.84 & 0.94 & 0.84 \\  & Cross-hands & 0.80 & 0.79 & 0.79 & 0.93 & 0.79 \\  & All scenarios & 0.88 & 0.87 & 0.87 & 0.95 & 0.88 \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{NVGesture} & Test data & 0.80 & 0.80 & 0.80 & 0.97 & 0.80 \\  & Indoor & 0.78 & 0.77 & 0.77 & 0.95 & 0.77 \\ \cline{1-1}  & Outdoor & 0.70 & 0.69 & 0.69 & 0.92 & 0.69 \\ \cline{1-1}  & Cross-hands & 0.74 & 0.72 & 0.73 & 0.91 & 0.73 \\ \cline{1-1}  & All scenarios & 0.78 & 0.77 & 0.77 & 0.93 & 0.78 \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{Jesture} & Test data & 0.76 & 0.75 & 0.75 & 0.93 & 0.75 \\  & Indoor & 0.72 & 0.71 & 0.71 & 0.89 & 0.71 \\ \cline{1-1}  & Outdoor & 0.64 & 0.63 & 0.63 & 0.85 & 0.63 \\ \cline{1-1}  & Cross-hands & 0.68 & 0.66 & 0.67 & 0.88 & 0.67 \\ \cline{1-1}  & All scenarios & 0.72 & 0.71 & 0.71 & 0.90 & 0.72 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 4: Detailed performance metrics for the ConvNeXt model, evaluated on test data and assessed through subjective testing scenarios. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Dataset** & **Test Scenario** & **Precision** & **Recall** & **F1-Score** & **Specificity** & **Accuracy** \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{EgoGesture} & Test data & 0.95 & 0.94 & 0.95 & 1.00 & 0.94 \\  & Indoor & 0.93 & 0.92 & 0.92 & 0.97 & 0.92 \\  & Outdoor & 0.86 & 0.86 & 0.86 & 0.96 & 0.86 \\  & Cross-hands & 0.80 & 0.78 & 0.76 & 0.95 & 0.80 \\  & All scenarios & 0.88 & 0.87 & 0.87 & 0.97 & 0.88 \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{NVGesture} & Test data & 0.82 & 0.81 & 0.81 & 0.99 & 0.81 \\  & Indoor & 0.80 & 0.80 & 0.80 & 0.97 & 0.80 \\ \cline{1-1}  & Outdoor & 0.72 & 0.71 & 0.71 & 0.98 & 0.71 \\ \cline{1-1}  & Cross-hands & 0.71 & 0.68 & 0.67 & 0.96 & 0.71 \\ \cline{1-1}  & All scenarios & 0.76 & 0.75 & 0.75 & 0.98 & 0.76 \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{SignLanguage} & Test data & 0.77 & 0.78 & 0.77 & 0.98 & 0.78 \\ \cline{1-1}  & Indoor & 0.76 & 0.75 & 0.75 & 0.93 & 0.78 \\ \cline{1-1}  & Outdoor & 0.72 & 0.71 & 0.71 & 0.89 & 0.71 \\ \cline{1-1}  & Outdoor & 0.64 & 0.63 & 0.63 & 0.85 & 0.63 \\ \cline{1-1}  & Cross-hands & 0.68 & 0.66 & 0.67 & 0.88 & 0.67 \\ \cline{1-1}  & All scenarios & 0.72 & 0.71 & 0.71 & 0.90 & 0.72 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}