## 4 Performance Validation  
This section analyzes the CSRO-MHDT method in comparison with recent methods of effective data transmission processes in a UWSN. The consequences are reviewed under variable rounds of execution. Table 2 and Figure 3 demonstrate an examination of the comparative number of alive nodes (NAN) of the CSRO-MHDT technique under varying rounds. The results indicated that the CSRO-MHDT technique has increased values of NAN under all rounds. For instance, with 440 rounds, the CSRO-MHDT technique has obtained a higher NAN of 300, whereas the energy-efficient clustering routing protocol (EECRP), the fuzzy C-means and moth-flame optimization (FCMMFO), the fuzzy scheme and particle swarm optimization (FBCPSO), the energy-efficient grid routing based on 3D cubes (EGRC), and the low-energy adaptive clustering hierarchy based on expected residual energy (LEACH-ERE) models have attained lower NAN results of 296, 290, 299, 298, and 287 nodes, respectively. In addition, with 600 rounds, the CSRO-MHDT technique has an increased NAN result of 279, whereas the EECRP, FCMMFO, FBCPSO, EGRC, and LEACH-ERE models have lower NAN results of 264, 253, 240, 243, and 238 nodes, respectively. Moreover, with 920 rounds, the CSRO-MHDT technique accomplished a higher NAN result of 68, whereas the EECRP, FCMMFO, FBCPSO, EGRC, and LEACH-ERE models demonstrated lower NAN results of 20, 0, 0, and 0 nodes, respectively. First node dies (FND), half node dies (HND), and last node dies (LND) are examples of the comparative network area evaluation of the CSRO-MHDT technique, as shown in Table 3 and Figure 4, respectively (LND). The results indicated that the CSRO-MHDT technique has resulted in lengthened lifetime over the existing methods. With respect to FND, the CSRO-MHDT method reached FND at 476 rounds, whereas the EECRP, FCMMFO, FBCPSO, EGRC, and LEACH-ERE models attained FND at earlier rounds of 440, 403, 361, 323, and 280, respectively. In addition, in terms of HND, the CSRO-MHDT system reached HND at 838 rounds, whereas the EECRP, FCMMFO, FBCPSO, EGRC, and LEACH-ERE techniques reached HND at earlier rounds of 754, 749, 730, 753, and 722, respectively. Finally, with respect to LND, the CSRO-MHDT approach reached LND at 998 rounds, whereas the EECRP, FCMMFO, FBCPSO, EGRC, and LEACH-ERE techniques reached LND at earlier rounds of 940, 921, 903, 874, and 840, respectively. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c} \hline \hline  & & \multicolumn{5}{c}{**No. of Alive Nodes**} \\ \hline
**No. of Rounds** & **CSRO-MHDT** & **EECRP** & **FCMMFO** & **FBCPSO** & **EGRC** & **LEACH-ERE** \\ \hline  
\hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 2: NAN study of the CSRO-MHDT technique in comparison with existing methods analyzed under different rounds. Figure 3: NAN analysis of the CSRO-MHDT technique in comparison with existing approaches. Next, a brief TEC investigation of the CSRO-MHDT method in comparison with existing approaches is provided in Table 4 and Figure 5. The results indicated that the CSRO-MHDT technique had the lowest TEC under all rounds compared with existing methods. For example, with 50 rounds, the CSRO-MHDT method obtained lower TEC of 2.22%, whereas the EECRP, FCMMFO, FBCPSO, EGRC, and LEACH-ERE models achieved higher TEC of 2.46%, 2.71%, 5.39%, 5.15%, and 7.59%, respectively. With 500 rounds, the CSRO-MHDT system had the lowest TEC of 34.16%, whereas the EECRP, FCMMFO, FBCPSO, EGRC, and LEACH-ERE models achieved higher TEC of 39.29%, 39.29%, 56.84%, 46.60%, and 65.87%, respectively. Finally, with 1000 rounds, the CSRO-MHDT technique had the lowest TEC of 99%, whereas the EECRP, FCMMFO, FBCPSO, EGRC, and LEACH-ERE methodologies attained higher TEC of 99.55%, 99.52%, 99.61%, 100%, and 100%, respectively. A detailed PLR analysis of the CSRO-MHDT approach in comparison with recent methods is offered in Table 5 and Figure 6. The outcomes showed that the CSRO-MHDT technique had the lowest PLR under all rounds compared with existing approaches.