## 4 Discussions
We further investigated the potential cytotoxicity through the LDH assay obtaining a confirmation of the lack of cytotoxicity for the healthy keratinocytes upon treatment with all three _Artemisia_ species up to 100 \(\upmu\)g/mL. Interestingly _Artemisia capillaries_ ethanolic extract from Korea, in concentration of 37.5 \(\upmu\)g/mL induced an antiproliferative effect on healthy keratinocytes and, thus, considered as a potential anti- psoriatic agent [72]. The in vitro scratch assay exhibited wound closure capacity in healthy human keratinocytes after treatment with 100 \(\upmu\)g/mL for all three _Artemisia_ species, indicative for a pro-migratory and proliferative effect of keratinocytes during a wound healing process. Extracts in concentration of 100 \(\upmu\)g/mL induced after the drawing of the scratch line, 24 h following treatment, a cellular density higher than the control. There are fewer studies that investigate in vitro the migratory potential of healthy keratinocytes for _Artemisia_ species. [PERSON] et al. investigated the migratory potential of Romanian wormwood, and up to 250 \(\upmu\)g/mL for the leaves and 500 \(\upmu\)g/mL for the stems a pro-migratory effect was reported, while only higher concentrations induced a decrease in the migratory capacity oh HaCaT cells [19]. _A. asiatica_ in concentrations as low as 5 \(\upmu\)g/mL restored the proliferative and migratory potential of keratinocytes after cisplatin induced inhibition [73]. Other studies involving the wound healing potential of _Artemisia_ species use animal models. _A. absinthium_ from Algeria evaluated as an ointment on a rat model improved wound contraction comparable to the control allantoin ointment [74]. _A. dracunculus_ with chitosan nanoparticle biofilm induced significant improvement of wound contraction on rats compared to the other treatment groups [75]. With a high TPC and a potent radical scavenging activity, the effects on the viability and migration potential of healthy keratinocytes of the wormwood extract investigated here, although less concentrated in the phenolic compounds screened in this study, may be related to other phytocompounds such as chalcones, cinnamic acid, artemein as previously shown by others [74]. The skin wound healing process involves a cascade of complex events including angiogenesis. The angiogenic activity was assessed by the CAM model and a visible increase of new vessel formation was observed 72 h after treatment with concentrations of 100 \(\upmu\)g/mL, compared to Control specimens. Slight differences between the three tested extracts were noted, with _A. dracunculus_ and _A. annua_ inducing the more pronounced effect. Limited studies investigated the angiogenic potential of the three _Artemisia_ species. Several data indicate the anti-angiogenic effect, but for different species, such as _A. sieberi_[76], _A. capillaris_ in a polyhedral anti-obesity preparation [77] or _A. herba-alba_ essential oil [78]. Other studies involving _A. annua_, showed that mostly sesquiterpenenoid artemisinins are responsible for the anti-angiogenic effect [79; 80]. However, the pro-angiogenic effect induced in ovo using the CAM assay can be explained based on the dominant phenolic compound in all three extracts, chlorogenic acid, and its hormetic behavior reported as a proangiogenic agent at small concentrations of 10 \(\upmu\)g/mL, significantly increasing endothelial cell migration and stimulating capillary tube formation [64; 81; 82]. Finally, using the in ovo chorioallantoic membrane, and a modified HET-CAM protocol, we assessed the anti-irritative potential of the three extracts in concentrations of 100 \(\upmu\)g/mL. The assay allowed observing the potential preventive and healing capacities of the extracts when exposed to a highly irritant agent, sodium dodecyl sulfate.