# An Architecture for the Performance Management of Smart Healthcare Applications
## 2 Performance Management Approaches  
Facing the issues and difficulties regarding to achieve high-reliability and low-latency, few approaches have been proposed in the last years [24]. We have identified well-known mechanisms to attain application/service requirements in the literature, such as resource reservation, traffic shaping, traffic separation, scheduling (a queuing mechanism), resource allocation, and the most recent network slicing. Each mechanism presents advantages and limitations. Sometimes, these mechanisms are combined to achieve specific requirements. As this article aims to achieve s-health requirements, we discuss these mechanisms under the perspective of their feasibility in the s-health context. Hence, in this section, we review the main approaches, proposals and explain their characteristics and drawbacks. A summary of the works is given in Table 1. We classify the works based on the considered approaches, the towards requirements, and implementation environments in the table. A couple of approaches have been introduced for a few decades, and they usually include resource reservation and traffic shaping. Resource reservation is the most basic and static approach, and it requires communication between the applications and the network, indicating the requirements. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{l c c c c c c c c c c} \hline \hline.5 & & \multicolumn{3}{c}{**Approach**} & \multicolumn{3}{c}{**Requirement**} & \multicolumn{3}{c}{**Implementation**} \\ \cline{2-11}
**Reference** & & & & & & & & & & & \\ \hline [PERSON] et al. [25] & & ✓ & & & & ✓ & & ✓ & & \\ \hline [PERSON] et al. [14] & & & ✓ & & ✓ & ✓ & & ✓ & & & \\ \hline [PERSON] et al. [26] & & ✓ & & & & ✓ & & & & ✓ & \\ \hline [PERSON] et al. [27] & & ✓ & & & & ✓ & ✓ & & ✓ & ✓ \\ \hline [PERSON] et al. [13] & & ✓ & ✓ & & ✓ & & ✓ & & & & \\ \hline [PERSON] et al. [28] & & & ✓ & & ✓ & & ✓ & & & \\ \hline [PERSON] et al. [15], [PERSON] et al. [16] & & & ✓ & & ✓ & & & ✓ & ✓ & & \\ \hline [PERSON] et al. [17], [PERSON] et al. [29] & & & ✓ & ✓ & ✓ & ✓ & & & ✓ & \\ \hline [PERSON] et al. [30], [PERSON] et al. [31] & & & ✓ & ✓ & ✓ & ✓ & & ✓ & & \\ \hline [PERSON] et al. [18], [PERSON] et al. [32] & ✓ & & ✓ & ✓ & & ✓ & ✓ & & & ✓ \\ \hline [PERSON] et al. [33; 34] & & ✓ & ✓ & ✓ & & ✓ & ✓ & & & \\ \hline [PERSON] et al. [35] & ✓ & & ✓ & ✓ & & ✓ & & ✓ & & \\ \hline [PERSON] et al. [36] & ✓ & & ✓ & ✓ & & ✓ & ✓ & & & \\ \hline [PERSON] and [PERSON] et al. [37; 38] & ✓ & & & ✓ & & ✓ & ✓ & ✓ & ✓ & \\ \hline [PERSON] et al. [19] & & & & ✓ & ✓ & ✓ & & & & ✓ \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 1: Main works of Network Performance Management. For instance, the well-known Resource ReSerVation Protocol (RSVP), employed by Integrated Services (IntServ) [25], signalizes the requirements for each device, allowing single receivers to change channels and optimize bandwidth. However, such approach is not scalable since it needs to install multiple states about the reservations in each router. Internet providers commonly use traffic shaping since it controls the amount of data and matches the network traffic to the client-hired profile. For instance, it coordinates resource consumption by applications, such as torrents. When a given application affects the performance of others, its traffic is delayed. However, such approach is specific for clients or one application type, not being scalable and flexible. Nowadays, traffic separation and scheduling mechanisms predominate [12; 13; 14; 26; 27; 28]. Traffic separation classifies the network traffic according to the application or device that generated it, such as Differentiated Services (Diffserv) [39]. Scheduling follows a queue mechanism (e.g., first in, first out) to transmit the packets according to some priority rule. Network traffic monitoring employs traffic separation since it analyzes the traffic to learn about application/device behavior. For instance, there are studies using machine learning techniques (ML-techniques) to manage network traffic in the 5G network and achieve requirements [26; 27].