# Analysis of Lightweight Cryptographic Algorithms on IoT Hardware Platform +
###### Abstract  
Highly constrained devices that are interconnected and interact to complete a task are being used in a diverse range of new fields. The Internet of Things (IoT), cyber-physical systems, distributed control systems, vehicular systems, wireless sensor networks, tele-medicine, and the smart grid are a few examples of these fields. In any of these contexts, security and privacy might be essential aspects. Research on secure communication in Internet of Things (IoT) networks is a highly contested topic. One method for ensuring secure data transmission is cryptography. Because IoT devices have limited resources, such as power, memory, and batteries, IoT networks have boosted the term \"lightweight cryptography\". Algorithms for lightweight cryptography are designed to efficiently protect data while using minimal resources. In this research, we evaluated and benchmarked lightweight symmetric ciphers for resource-constrained devices. The evaluation is performed using two widely used platform: Arduino and Raspberry Pi. In the first part, we implemented 39 block ciphers on an ATMEGA328p microcontroller and analyzed them in the terms of speed, cost, and energy efficiency during encryption and decryption for different block and key sizes. In the second part, the 2 nd-round NIST candidates (80 stream and block cipher algorithms) were added to the first-part ciphers in a comprehensive analysis for equivalent block and key sizes in the terms of latency and energy efficiency. IoT; constrained devices; LWC; lightweight cryptography; Raspberry Pi; Arduino 2023  
1  
[PERSON]  
1 Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Mathematics and Computer Science, University of Twente, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands 1  
Faculty of Engineering, Lebanese University, Beirut 1533, Lebanon 2  
Asymptotically  
several aspects, such as performance, low resource demand, and cryptographic algorithm strength and stability [6]. Various LWC algorithms were proposed as replacements for the current standards, the Advanced Encryption Standard (AES0) [7], Rivest-Shamir-Adleman (RSA) [8], etc., such as TWINE [9], PRESENT [10], SIMON and SPECK [11], QARMA [12], block ciphers, hash functions, and the stream cipher, to enforce the security. In spite of the expanding request in this new area of research, few research works presented the benchmarking and comparison of the well-known LWC algorithms between different hardware platforms of constrained devices. Moreover, no article presented nor involved the software implementation with an analysis and a comparison of any lightweight cryptography on Raspberry Pi compared to others. The objective of this research work is to provide a comprehensive benchmarking of well-known lightweight cryptographic algorithms. These benchmarking results are obtained by a software implementation of the chosen algorithms, implemented on the microcontroller ATMEGA328P-Arduino (Uno) and the Raspberry Pi. To the best of our knowledge and based on the literature review, this work is considered the first to evaluate the performances of lightweight cryptographic schemes. A total of 119 different schemes were evaluated. This project's main contribution was to evaluate and benchmark lightweight symmetric ciphers for resource-constrained devices. The evaluation is performed using two widely used platform: Arduino and Raspberry Pi. In the first part, we implemented 39 block ciphers on an ATMEGA328p microcontroller using the Arduino platform and on the Raspberry Pi. The block cipher implementations were analyzed in terms of the speed, cost, and energy efficiency during encryption and decryption for different block and key sizes. In the second part, the 2 nd-round NIST candidates (80 stream and block cipher algorithms) were added to the first-part ciphers in a comprehensive analysis for equivalent block and key sizes of latency and energy efficiency in encryption and decryption using the two boards. Further, in this part, a method of referencing and comparing is reckoned that adds more of an estimation approach of analysis.