## 3 Result
### Progress of Stress-Energy of Surrounding Rock during Mining Excavation Disturbance
#### 3.1.2 Overburden Migration Law in the Process of Mining and Excavation Disturbance  
In this similar test, a total of 11 displacement marker survey lines were arranged. Since the upper and lower protection baffler and coal seam covered four of them during the test, seven representative survey lines were selected in this paper to obtain the overburden migration law in the process of mining and excavation disturbance. When the working face is mined at 10 m, the overburden deformation and failure range are very small due to the short mining-out length. Under the influence of tunneling, the actual subsidence of the direct roof of the roadway in the original tunneling face is about 0.57 mm (the subsidence in the prototype is about 0.06 m). In the direct roof of the coal seam with a thickness corresponding to the goat above the tunneling roadway and the mining face, there is no obvious flexural deformation. The peak value of the vertical displacement of siltstone corresponding to the middle of the goat is about 1.0 mm (the subsidence in the prototype is calculated to be 0.1 m). At this time, the heading face has not begun to be disturbed by the mining face facing the opposite direction. When the working face is mined 30 m, the damage range of overlying rock movement further increases with the increase in the gob distance along the strike direction. The peak value of vertical displacement at the corresponding measuring line 2 above the working face is about 5.03 mm (the subsidence in the prototype is about 0.5 m). As can be seen from the figure, obvious horizontal through cracks appear in the immediate roof and there is no obvious separation in the vertical direction. At this time, the distance between the heading face and the stopping face is about 920 mm (calculated as 92 m in the prototype), indicating that the peak value of the corresponding vertical displacement above the heading face is about 1.57 mm (calculated as 0.16 m in the prototype), and it can be considered that the heading face is not affected by the opposite stopping face. It can be seen from Figure 3d that the overlying rock movement is further intensified at 50 m mining of the working face. It can be seen that except for survey line 1 of the floor, all the other survey lines have significant subsidence, and the peak value of vertical displacement at corresponding survey line 2 above the working face is about 15.31 mm (the subsidence in the prototype is about 1.53 m). At this time, there is an obvious separation between the direct roof and the overlying old roof, and inclined through fractures are formed on both sides of the goat. At this time, the distance between the heading face and the stopping face is about 720 mm (calculated as 72 m in the prototype), which indicates that the peak value of the corresponding vertical displacement above the heading face is about 2.1 mm (calculated as 0.21 m in the prototype), and it can be considered that the excavation face is slightly affected by the opposite mining face. When the working face is mined 70 m, the displacement of measuring lines 2-7 increases significantly, and the maximum value still appears in the middle of the working face goat. Currently, horizontal and vertical cracks occur in the siltstone roof of the coal seam with a thickness of 14 m and the siltstone roof of the coal seam with a thickness of 13 m, while the fine recreate roof of the coal seam with a thickness of 34 m still presents elastic flexural deformation. The peak value of vertical displacement at the corresponding measuring line 2 above the stopping face is about 5.03 mm (the subsidence in the prototype is about 0.5 m). Due to the significant difference in the amount of deformation, the overlying key strata show non-coordinated collapse, and the mining work facing the heading face still plays a disturbing role. Overburden movement is further intensified when mining is 90 m in the working face, and the settlement curve of measuring lines 2-7 presents an asymmetric funnel-shaped shape.