# Survey on Unmanned Aerial Vehicle for Mars Exploration: Deployment Use Case
## 5 Opportunities, Challenges, and Future Scope  
UAVs are considered to be a powerful tool for the exploration of planets. A portal for extremely high advancement in planetary exploration will be opened by using UAVs to explore a spatial body. Furthermore, UAVs can correct entry errors into the atmosphere and provide a fundamental scientific understanding of the planet's atmosphere, surface, and interior. Therefore, there will be many opportunities to use UAVs for space exploration:  
* Ample economic power: Today's space explorations are limited by the individual missions' mass and life span considerations. Over time, the current power system is exhausted in the spacecraft, so the amount of usable power is reduced as the mission  
Figure 6: Acceleration of UAV on the surface of Mars.  
Figure 7: Graph showing the behaviour of various sensors in the UAV prototype model.  
progresses. UAVs will open up the gateway of exploring a spatial body with plenty of economic power. Scientific investigation: For the scientific investigation of the planet's geology or even scouting missions for possible human outposts, a UAV might open up the opportunity by covering large regions of Mars. Systematic mapping: UAVs fly independently or via remote control/piloting. Autonomous flights are pre-programmed with computers each time and are suitable for the systematic mapping of landscapes. Affordable Space Access: Loading a single pound of mass into low Earth orbit costs around 10,000 USD today. The construction and manufacture of the launch system is a crucial part of this expense. Nearly 40% of the overall cost is attributed to processing from the ground and launch. The use of UAVs for interplanetary missions will allow access to space economically.  
While these UAVs are useful for space exploration, there are still risks associated with the implementation, flying requirements, and data retrieval associated with the proposed concept. For those in the future working nearest to the research, costs, efficiency, and safety tend to be at the top of the agenda, yet these represent just a portion of sustainability concerns. Some factors, such as the UAVs' trajectory planning, path planning, long-term endurance, best suited aerodynamic design, and compatible propulsion systems, should remain the top concern. It should be observed that the design and development of space UAVs should be accomplished depending on the environment. For one, because of the amount of gravity on Mars' surface, the weights of the UAV should be monitored. The UAV's endurance is largely restricted by the energy available. Mars' surface went undercover a few years ago; Mars' dust storms are common, but for unexplained causes, a gigantic one becomes global, covering the face of the planet every decade or so. However, Mars' dust storms are not entirely harmless; storms can pose a deadly exploration threat. On Mars, individual dust particles are very tiny and mildly electrostatic, but they adhere like styrofoam packaging peanuts to the surfaces they touch [96]. The one that destroyed NASA's Opportunity rover in 2018 by coating its solar panels in the dust is one big example. Different propulsion systems and fuel/oxidisers that supply the UAV with energy and the additional techniques that provide the UAV with ample power for a longer duration should be considered in the future. Future researchers are expected to improve the flight path based on motion, kinematics, and energies for flight endurance. Figure 8 shows the discussion on the opportunities, challenges, and future scope.