## 2 Related Works
In contrast, to transfer information from the SM to the UDAP they would work in a different wireless technology within the 900 MHz, 2.4 GHz or 5 GHz frequency bands, depending on the geographical location and availability of devices by the manufacturing companies. As shown in Figure 2, the metering infrastructure that includes micro grids contemplates a central office (CO) or those available in the scenario, a base station or those available in the area, a minimum number of UDAP  
Figure 1: Conceptual graph of the optimal performance of a wireless network infrastructure. and the smart meters that are available in the area for each customer. While in HAN the smart meters conglomerate the user's consumption data, in NAN the conformation of links between the meters and the UDAP is adapted, and in WAN the exchange of information between the conventional energy marketer, the market operators, nearby micro grids and the users through the cellular communications base stations takes place. Smart meters and UDAP can use a meshed network topology and generate hops between them to find the route to their destination. However, a star topology can be examined as an option to configure the heterogeneous network, taking into account that for any feasible option, the UDAP would have double technology, one to connect with the SM and the other to connect with the nearby BS. Micro grid communications are based on smart metering communications architectures where different wired and wireless technologies can be used. According to [20], there is a communications need for each type of network. In such effect, it performs a summary of the communication needs of the conformed area networks. In Table 1 shows the data speed, coverage range, bandwidth, latency and data traffic required for each of the system's networks. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{l l l l l l} \hline \hline
**Area Network** & **Data Speed** & **Coverage Range** & **Bandwidth** & **Latency** & **Traffic** \\ \hline HAN & Low data rate 1–30 kbps & Ten meters & Low & 2–15 s & Periodic, 15–60 min \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{NAN} & \multirow{3}{*}{10–100 kbps} & 17/5000 Translation & \multirow{3}{*}{Middle} & \multirow{3}{*}{10 ms a 2 s} & \multirow{3}{*}{Periodic} \\  & & results Hundreds & & & \\  & of meters & & & & \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{WAN} & High data & \multirow{3}{*}{Ten kilometers} & \multirow{3}{*}{Wide} & \multirow{3}{*}{few ms a 1 s} & \multirow{3}{*}{Random} \\  & rate.Hundreds of Mbps & & & & \\ \cline{1-1}  & a few Gbps & & & & \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 1: Area network requirements. Figure 2: Geo-referenced case study and its infrastructure elements. Because of the communication needs, the study of [14; 23] considers an investigation in the function of heterogeneous wireless networks as a solution to communication in advanced measurement systems. Additionally, in [11; 16] a model in function of combined networks between the optical fiber and wireless technologies can be evidenced. If working with wireless networks, according to [20; 24; 25], there is a classification of technologies according to the signal range distances for each area network, so the minimum requirements studies are limited to what device manufacturers can offer. In general, standards can be defined for the parameters offered by the technologies; in this sense, the available options are summarized in Table 2 in order to determine which ones can be applied in the geo-referenced environment.