# An Overview of Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation and Its Application in Multiple Sclerosis
## 4 Overview of Multiple Sclerosis
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c} \hline
**Author et al.** & **Year** & **TMS and MRI Measures** & **Clinical Assessment Measures** & **Relationship between Measures** \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{[PERSON] et al. [51]} & \multirow{3}{*}{2009} & CMCT, MEP & \multirow{3}{*}{EDSS} & Prolonged CMCT, prolonged MEP latency, \\  & & amplitude and & & and decreased MEP amplitude in \\  & & latency & & participants with MS. \\  & & & & Only CMCT is correlated with EDSS. \\ \hline \multirow{6}{*}{[PERSON] et al. [31]} & \multirow{3}{*}{2012} & CMCT, MEP & \multirow{3}{*}{EDSS, MFIS} & Prolonged CMCT for participants with \\  & & amplitude, SP, MT, & & SPMS and RRMS. For SPMS: decreased \\  & & SICI, ICF & & MEP amplitude, increased motor threshold, \\  & & & reduction in SICI. Each measure was \\  & & & correlated with EDSS. \\  & & volumes (T1 and T2); number of & & Reduced SP in SPMS was observed, but not \\  & & & in RRMS—not statistically significant. \\  & & gadolinium- & & CMCT was correlated with the T2 lesion \\  & & enhanced & & load. Weak correlation between the EDSS and the T2 lesion load. \\  & & lesions & & Prolonged CMCT and iSP onset latency. \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{[PERSON] et al. [52]} & \multirow{3}{*}{2012} & \multirow{3}{*}{iSP latency, CMCT} & EDSS, MFSC & Only iSP latency was correlated with EDSS and MFSC. \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{[PERSON] et al. [53]} & \multirow{3}{*}{2014} & CMCT, MEP & \multirow{3}{*}{BMRC scale for \(\,\,\)music strength} & Prolonged CMCT and decreased MEP area. \\  & & amplitude and & & Both measures were correlated with \\  & & & & decreased muscle strength. \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{[PERSON] et al. [16]} & \multirow{3}{*}{2016} & CMCT, MEP & \multirow{3}{*}{EDSS} & Increased MT, increased MEP latency, \\  & & amplitude, MT, SP, & & delayed SP onset, prolonged MEP duration. \\  & & SICI & & \\ \hline \multirow{6}{*}{[PERSON] et al. [54]} & \multirow{3}{*}{2016} & MEP recruitment & \multirow{3}{*}{EDSS} & Higher resting MT and active MT. No correlations between TMS or MRI measures and EDSS reported after correction. \\  & & & & and EDSS reported after correction. \\ \hline \multirow{6}{*}{[PERSON] et al. [55]} & \multirow{3}{*}{2015} & Resting and active & \multirow{3}{*}{EDSS} & At baseline, prolonged MEP and increased resting and active MT were correlated with \\  & & MT, MEP & & worsened EDSS scores. \\  & & amplitude and & & over 1 year, EDSS scores increased, resting \\  & & latency, SICI, ICF & & MT increased, and maximal SICI decreased \\  & & & & only in untreated patients. \\ \hline \multirow{6}{*}{[PERSON] et al. [35]} & \multirow{3}{*}{2016} & MEP amplitude, & \multirow{3}{*}{EDSS, 9 HPT} & \multirow{3}{*}{Magnetization transfer ratio was correlated with total MSFC score.} \\  & & MT, ICF, SICI, SP & & \\  & & & & with total MSFC score. \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{[PERSON] et al. [56]} & \multirow{2}{*}{2020} & MEP amplitude & \multirow{2}{*}{EDSS, FSS} & Prolonged MEP latency, decreased MEP \\  & & and latency & & amplitude only in highly fatigued MS \\  & & & group after exercise. \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{[PERSON] et al. [57]} & \multirow{2}{*}{2021} & MEP amplitude & \multirow{2}{*}{EDSS, various \(\,\)dexterity tests} & Latency of upper limb MEP is correlated \\  & & and latency & & with strength, but poorly detects dexterity \\  & & & & impairment. \\ \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 2: _Cont._