## 7 Concluding Remarks  
The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of journal bearing geometry on the journal bearing wear in a multibody system setting. Through computer simulation of the wear on a journal bearing of a slider-crank, this study considered the effects of the journal bearing bushing depth, internal and external bushing diameter, as well as the bushing rim thickness. The simulations involved conducting a multibody dynamics analysis to determine the joint reaction forces which were then fed to the wear analysis to estimate the wear. Two wear analysis procedures based on the FEM and the EFM approaches were utilized. Studies of the journal bearing geometry effects on journal bearing wear were based on four categories of numerical tests consisting of various bushing geometry dimensions. These included (1) varying the inner diameter with fixed outer diameter and fixed bushing depth, (2) varying the outer diameter with fixed inner diameter and fixed bushing depth, (3) constant rim thickness (through variation of both the inner and outer diameter) with fixed bushing depth, and (4) varying the bushing depth with fixed outer and inner diameters. This study found that for both the FEM and EFM approaches, a 25% increase in the inner diameter led to an increase in the wear volume of approximately 95 mm\({}^{3}\) and  
Figure 10: Effect of variation of the bushing depth with fixed inner diameter and fixed outer diameter using the FEM and EFM approaches (data from category 4 in Table 3). (**a**) Effect on the wear volume and (**b**) Effect on the maximum wear depth. negligible change in the maximum wear depth. It was therefore inferred that larger inner diameters lead to greater wear volumes, which may be related to the larger relative sliding that would be associated with the larger diameter. It was also inferred from the study that the bushing outer diameter has negligible effects on the wear volume and maximum wear depth. It was also found in the study that for both the FEM and EFM approaches, a 36% increase in the rim thickness led to a decrease in the wear volume of approximately 30 mm\({}^{3}\) and negligible change in the maximum wear depth. It was therefore inferred that smaller rim thickness led to greater wear volume, which may be attributed to the greater susceptibility of bending that would be associated to the thin rims. Finally, it was seen from the study that for both the FEM and EFM approaches, doubling the bushing depth resulted in a decrease in the maximum wear depth of approximately 66% and a negligible decrease in the wear volume of 2%. This implied that larger bushing depths result in smaller wear volume and smaller maximum wear depth. This occurrence is perhaps due to the distribution of the contact force over a greater length. Based on the findings of this study, it is recommended that journal bearing selection for reduced wear should consider bearings with a smaller inner diameter while considering the effect of stress on the corresponding smaller diameter journal. It is also recommended that small bushing rim thicknesses should be avoided. Finally, it is recommended that journal bearings with larger bushing depths should be considered for reduced wear. While this study examines the effect of geometry on journal bearing wear, certain limitations exist. One such limitation is the scope of geometric variations considered. This study focuses on general geometric parameters, including inner and outer diameters, bushing rim thickness, and bushing depth. However, other influential factors, such as journal groove patterns, bearing clearances, and asymmetric designs, are not taken into account. Additionally, the interactions between these geometric parameters are not explored in depth. Furthermore, real-world conditions, such as misalignment and thermal expansion, are not explicitly considered in the analysis.