## 6 Case Study

Table 6: _Cont._ \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c} \hline
**Project Situation** & **Project Information** & **Constraints** \\ \hline Under Construction & 18-storey, Hotel, Steel Module & C1, C2, C9, C10, C11, C15, C17, \\  & C20, C23, C25, C26, C27 \\ \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 7: Survey of high-rise modular building project. To comply with diversified hotel operation, according to designers, the design team handed over several types of modules to create different functional areas comprising a lounge, a restaurant and bar, a meeting room, a business corner and gymnasium, while avoiding additional manufacturing cost from design flexibility. In addition, interviewees highlighted the adverse effect of C9 \"lack of coordination and communication\" among stakeholders. The design team played a liaison role in enforcing developer's requirements as well as proposing a feasible design for the manufacturer who produced prefabricated modules in China. Additionally, \"Due to lack of building codes and standards (C10), modular building design spends more effort and time in comparison to traditional building design. The overall design process of this project was over three months.\" was expressed by the designer. From the perspective of manufacturing, 160 unit modules and 11 roof modules were produced at China's factory in consideration of local incompetence of suppliers and manufacturers (C15) and expensive skilled labour (C17). The manufacturer presented this innovative and exceptional module, namely prefabricated, pre-completed volumetric modules (PPVM), in which interior finishes, bathroom, furniture and MEP service are installed completely (Figure 3). The most remarkable part of this case study is the fact that the facade and curtain wall systems were installed on modules as well, and this breakthrough innovation saved construction time and cost dramatically. Interviewees claimed that total manufacture time was approximately five months, including inspection and modification at the workshop. When asked why they selected overseas manufacturing rather than domestic supply chain, the developer replied \"Higher price of material and labour lead to the loss of competitiveness of local manufacturers and suppliers. You can almost forget the additional transportation fee (C6) of overseas supply chain including shipping fee and unloading fee, because poor supply chain integration (C25) may cause serious underlying risks such as construction delay due to the defect in prefabricated modules\". The completed modules were delivered to the local port in two shipments and then it took about one month to unload all the modules from container vessels (Figure 4). Considering the construction site located in Perth CBD (Central Business District), modules were deposited at a temporary station and inspected again before dispatching to the building site. In this project, despite the prefabricated modules having a completely installed facade, curtain wall, and shower screen, only three modules had minor damage due to the sophisticated protection during the transportation process. Figure 2: 18 storey modular hotel in Perth (photo by [PERSON]). Due to the limited parking and unloading area, PPVM was transported to the construction site in accordance with the just-in-time (JIT) delivery, which is relatively dependent on timely communication and coordination. An interviewee explicated that the typical dimension of the module is approximately \(3.5\) m \(\times\) 3.2 m \(\times\) 12.2 m (width, height, and length) laden on a standard flatbed trailer. The trailer had applied for an oversize overmass (OSOM) permit and delivered merely on weekdays in response to main road access limitation. Consequently, understanding local traffic regulatory requirements as well as planning the transport route at the early planning and design stage are significant for modular construction. However, to date, scarce applications and tools are capable of planning an effective and efficient transport route for delivering modules.