## 3 Results
### Spatial Patterns of Estimated GPP  
We generated 0.05\({}^{\circ}\) GPPSifP data from 2001 to 2017, and maps of global GPP in 2014, as shown in Figure 3. Maps of other years are given in Appendix B. The absence of input data at high latitudes led us to mask the seasonal results at high latitudes when comparing the spatial patterns and seasonal variations of the three products. Compared with GPPMOD and GPPGLASS, our GPPPSifP exhibited reasonable spatial and seasonal variation on a global scale. Comparing the three GPP products for different seasons in 2014 revealed that GPPPSifP exhibited a high level of agreement with GPPGLASS and a low level of agreement with the GPPMOD. The seasonal variation observed in GPPMOD was not as great as that in the other two GPP products. In addition, GPPGLASS and GPPPSifP exhibited greater seasonal changes, especially in tropical regions. GPPMOD was visually different from the other two products in tropical regions. In December, January, and February (DJF), global GPP was mainly concentrated in the range of 0 to 300 g C\(\cdot\)m\({}^{-2}\), and the highest GPP (GPP \(>\) 200 g C\(\cdot\)m\({}^{-2}\)) were found in humid tropical areas such as Amazonia, Central Africa, and Southeast Asia. In the Northern Hemisphere, GPP above 30\({}^{\circ}\) was generally below 100 g C\(\cdot\)m\({}^{-2}\). In March, April, and May (MAM), global GPP was mainly between 0 and 500 g C\(\cdot\)m\({}^{-2}\). The GPP values of North America, Asia, and Europe ranged between 100 and 300 g C\(\cdot\)m\({}^{-2}\), whereas most of Australia was below 100 g C\(\cdot\)m\({}^{-2}\). The highest GPP (GPP \(>\) 300 g C\(\cdot\)m\({}^{-2}\)) was found in Amazonia, Central Africa, and Southeast Asia. In June, July, and August (JJA), global GPP was mainly about 400 g C\(\cdot\)m\({}^{-2}\). The highest GPP were mainly between 500 and 600 g C\(\cdot\)m\({}^{-2}\), and was found in the Amazon. The GPP of North America, Europe, and Asia were mainly between 300 and 500 g C\(\cdot\)m\({}^{-2}\). Within this, GPP was lower in some high-altitude regions, such as the \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c c c} \hline \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**Type**} & \multicolumn{3}{c}{**GPPSif**} & \multicolumn{3}{c}{**GPPMODis**} & \multicolumn{3}{c}{**GPPGLASS**} \\ \cline{2-10}  & **R\({}^{2}\)** & **RMSE** & **Bias** & **R\({}^{2}\)** & **RMSE** & **Bias** & **R\({}^{2}\)** & **RMSE** & **Bias** \\ \hline CRO & 0.56 & 4.72 & -1.15 & 0.50 & 5.21 & -1.91 & 0.47 & 4.92 & -1.14 \\ DBF & 0.67 & 2.81 & -0.36 & 0.74 & 2.83 & -1.12 & 0.72 & 2.7 & -0.49 \\ EBF & 0.34 & 3.21 & -1.77 & 0.41 & 3.37 & -2.14 & 0.36 & 3.46 & 2.23 \\ ENF & 0.65 & 1.96 & -0.02 & 0.58 & 2.32 & -0.89 & 0.67 & 1.95 & -0.39 \\ GRA & 0.68 & 1.50 & 0.59 & 0.66 & 1.42 & -0.22 & 0.70 & 1.32 & -0.05 \\ MF & 0.63 & 2.57 & -1.12 & 0.67 & 2.96 & -1.99 & 0.66 & 2.42 & -0.95 \\ GSH & 0.78 & 2.02 & 1.43 & 0.75 & 1.12 & 0.54 & 0.73 & 1.31 & 0.49 \\ SAV & 0.16 & 2.75 & -0.60 & 0.10 & 3.04 & -1.04 & 0.11 & 2.97 & -1.1 \\ WET & 0.43 & 2.80 & 0.70 & 0.48 & 2.58 & -0.39 & 0.58 & 2.34 & 0.37 \\ WSA & 0.46 & 1.63 & -0.08 & 0.13 & 2.30 & -0.65 & 0.41 & 1.87 & -0.77 \\ Overall & 0.58 & 2.74 & -0.34 & 0.57 & 2.98 & -1.09 & 0.59 & 2.77 & -0.68 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 1: Comparisons of R\({}^{2}\), RMSE, and bias between GPPPSifP, GPPMODis, GPPGLASS, and GPPPC for different vegetation types for the period 2001 to 2014. CRO: croplands, DBF: deciduous broadleaf forests, EBF: evergreen broadleaf forests, ENF: evergreen needleleaf forests, GRA: grasslands, MF: mixed forests, OSH: open shrublands, SAV: savannas, WET: wetland, and WSA: woody savannas. Iranian plateau, the Mongolian plateau, and the Rocky Mountains. In September, October, and November (SON), high GPP values ranged between 400 and 600 g C\(\cdot\)m\({}^{-2}\), and were distributed in the Amazon and Southeast Asia. Across the rest of the world, GPP was mainly between 100 and 300 g C\(\cdot\)m\({}^{-2}\) at this time.