# Microencapsulation of Polyphenols and Their Application in Food Technology
## 3 Polyphenols: Properties and Significance in Food
### Application of Polyphenols in Food Technology
#### 3.3.7 Nutritional Enrichment and Functional Foods  
Incorporating polyphenols into food products enhances their nutritional profile, catering to the increasing consumer demand for functional foods that support health and well-being. These bioactive compounds are recognised for their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and cardioprotective properties, making them highly desirable ingredients in a range of health-oriented food products, including beverages, snacks, yoghurts, and dietary supplements [127, 128, 129, 130, 131, 132]. The antioxidant capabilities of polyphenols are central to their inclusion in functional foods. By neutralising harmful free radicals, polyphenols help mitigate oxidative stress, which has been linked to the development of various chronic diseases, including cardiovascular conditions, diabetes, and cancer. Additionally, the anti-inflammatory properties of polyphenols, such as those found in flavonoids and phenolic acids, contribute to reducing inflammation in the body, which is crucial for the prevention of inflammatory diseases. Polyphenols, particularly those found in red wine, tea, and certain fruits, have been extensively studied for their cardioprotective effects. These compounds can help reduce the risk of cardiovascular diseases by improving endothelial function, reducing blood pressure, and lowering cholesterol levels. For example, anthocyanins from berries and flavonoids from cocoa have been shown to enhance vascular health and reduce the risk of heart disease. Polyphenols are increasingly incorporated into functional foods designed to promote health and prevent disease. In beverages, such as fruit juices, teas, and smoothies, polyphenols serve as natural antioxidants, contributing to the nutritional value and health benefits of the product. In dairy products like yoghurts, polyphenols help modulate gut health by promoting beneficial microbiota and offering anti-inflammatory effects. Furthermore, polyphenols are being included in snacks and dietary supplements aimed at providing convenient, health-promoting solutions for consumers seeking to improve their diet without resorting to synthetic additives. Enriching food products with polyphenols offers a natural alternative to synthetic additives while simultaneously boosting the health benefits of the product. Polyphenol-enriched functional foods have gained popularity in the wellness market, where consumers are increasingly prioritising nutrition and natural ingredients. For instance, the addition of green tea polyphenols to snacks, cereals, and protein bars provides an easy way for consumers to access the health benefits of these compounds. The potential of polyphenols as functional ingredients continues to grow, with ongoing research focused on optimising their extraction, bioavailability, and effectiveness in various food matrices. As demand for functional foods increases, future innovations may include the development of novel polyphenol-enriched products that deliver enhanced health benefits in a more bioavailable form, improving their overall impact on consumer health [133].