esa-sceva/satcom-chunk-collection huggingface dataset:
## 4 Discussion
### Factors Influencing Operation of Control Elements in VR
With the three-stage angular resolution, the angular range of the joystick was divided into three equal sections in which the same positioning speed prevails. If the test participant moved the joystick within the defined section, the positioning speed did not change. It only changed when the joystick was moved from one section to the next section. The three-stage angular resolution in combination with a high positioning speed led to a strong increase in the change in the positioning speed between the sections. We suspected that this behavior felt very unnatural to the test participants, causing presence to be rated very low for this combination. Overall, it could be concluded that a linear angular resolution is suitable in VR, despite the lack of force feedback, because both the three-stage and the five-stage subdivisions did not lead to a reduction in position errors. A linear angular resolution is more in accordance with the user's expectations and, therefore, also makes sense in VR. In addition to the control-element-specific factors, we also varied the **VR environment**. The test participants performed the trials either in a detailed crane environment or in an empty virtual room. In the literature, the advantage of VR is stated to be the ability to create realistic virtual environments that simultaneously provide a high degree of control over experimental conditions and good ecological validity [76]. In our study, the test participants rated the user experience of the control elements higher when the control elements were tested in the detailed crane environment (refer to Figure 2). This could either have been due to the realistic virtual environment or the detailed crane environment increased the novelty effect, in which test participants rate products better due to the novel technology [77]. A comparative study between VR and reality should further investigate whether the same control elements are similarly evaluated in a real crane environment. If not, this could be an indication of a bias caused by the novelty effect. Overall, the factor positioning speed had a significant influence on most of the evaluation parameters. Objective parameters such as time on task or positioning accuracy as well as subjective parameters such as presence and user experience depend on the positioning speed of the joystick. Therefore, when evaluating prototypes in VR and simulating operating processes, it should be especially considered that the positioning speed is adapted to the changed modalities in VR. The recommendations for the design of a joystick in VR developed in this work offer a first orientation.
# Self-Tuning Algorithm for Tuneable Clamping Table for Chatter Suppression in Blade Recontouring
## 4 Chatter Suppressing Strategy for the TCT Architecture
### Dimensionless Formulation of the System Dynamics  
As observed in (18), in milling processes with a dominant flexible direction, the limiting depth of cut without chatter is approximately given by the inverse of the oriented receptance function \(\beta_{0}\)\({\rm Re}\;H_{22}\)[21]. Therefore, the mean directional factor \(\beta_{0}\) determines whether the negative real part of \(H_{22}\) (positive directional factor, \(\beta_{0}>0\)) or the positive real part (negative directional factor, \(\beta_{0}<0\)) describes the limiting depth of cut curves. In milling \(\beta_{0}\) is most likely to be positive, although negative cases are also possible depending on the radial engagement limits \([\varphi_{\rm en},\varphi_{\rm ex}]\).  
In any case, the complex receptance function of the TCT-blade assembly at the machining point \(H_{22}\) can be expressed as a function of the lumped-mass parameters of the 2-DOF system in Figure 4 as  
\[H_{22}(\omega)=\frac{k_{1}+k_{2}+c_{1}{\rm i}\omega-m_{1}\omega^{2}}{(k_{2}-m _{2}\omega^{2})(k_{1}+k_{2}-m_{1}\omega^{2})-k_{2}^{2}+c_{1}(k_{2}-m_{2} \omega^{2}){\rm i}\omega}. \tag{19}\]  
As can be noticed, the internal viscous damping of the blade \(c_{2}\) has been neglected, which leads to a good approximation due to the inherently low damping properties of thin-walled parts. In order to obtain a general tuning formulation for whatever mass and stiffness of both TCT and blade, the receptance function in (19) is transformed into its complex dimensionless form  
\[h_{22}:=h_{22}(g)\equiv H_{22}(\omega_{2}g)\;k_{2}=\frac{g^{2}-f^{2}-\mu-2f \zeta_{1}{\rm i}g}{(f^{2}-g^{2})(g^{2}-1)+\mu g^{2}+2f\zeta_{1}(g^{2}-1){\rm i }g}, \tag{20}\]  
through the dimensionless parameters collected in Table 1. Then, the real part of the dimensionless receptance function, which is the one driving the stability limit, can be obtained as follows:\[\text{Re}\;h_{22}=\frac{(g^{2}-f^{2}-\mu)\big{(}(f^{2}-g^{2})(g^{2}-1)+\mu g^{2} \big{)}-4f^{2}\zeta_{1}^{2}(g^{2}-1)g^{2}}{((f^{2}-g^{2})(g^{2}-1)+g^{2}\mu)^{2}+ 4f^{2}\zeta_{1}^{2}(g^{2}-1)^{2}g^{2}}. \tag{21}\]
# An FCM-GABPN Ensemble Approach for Material Feeding Prediction of Printed Circuit Board Template
###### Abstract  
Accurate prediction of material feeding before production for a printed circuit board (PCB) template can reduce the comprehensive cost caused by surplus and supplemental feeding. In this study, a novel hybrid approach combining fuzzy c-means (FCM), feature selection algorithm, and genetic algorithm (GA) with back-propagation networks (BPN) was developed for the prediction of material feeding of a PCB template. In the proposed FCM-GABPN, input templates were firstly clustered by FCM, and seven feature selection mechanisms were utilized to select critical attributes related to scrap rate for each category of templates before they are fed into the GABPN. Then, templates belonging to different categories were trained with different GABPNs, in which the separately selected attributes were taken as their inputs and the initial parameter for BPNs were optimized by GA. After training, an ensemble predictor formed with all GABPNs can be taken to predict the scrap rate. Finally, another BPN was adopted to conduct nonlinear aggregation of the outputs from the component BPNs and determine the predicted feeding panel of the PCB template with a transformation. To validate the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed approach, the experiment and comparison with other approaches were conducted based on the actual records collected from a PCB template production company. The results indicated that the prediction accuracy of the proposed approach was better than those of the other methods. Besides, the proposed FCM-GABPN exhibited superiority to reduce the surplus and/or supplemental feeding in most of the case in simulation, as compared to other methods. Both contributed to the superiority of the proposed approach.  
printed circuit board (PCB); material feeding; fuzzy c-means; back-propagation networks; genetic algorithm +
Footnote †: journal: Applied Soft Soft 2019, 9, 4455; doi:10.3390/APP9204455
# Earthquake Risk Probability Evaluation for Najin Lhasa in Southern Tibet
## 5 Conclusions  
This study used the probabilistic seismic hazard analysis method in Najin Lhasa and obtained the following conclusions:  
(1) The PSHA method divides the potential source area via specific tectonic scales, which better reflects the inhomogeneity of the spatial distribution of seismic activity.  
(2) The major influences on the peak acceleration of ground motion are the potential of M > 7.5 earthquakes occurring in the vicinity of the site.  
(3) The peak horizontal bedrock ground motion acceleration for Najin Lhasa with a transcendence probability of 10% is 185.9 cm/s\({}^{2}\), and the PGA with a transcendence probability of 2% is 265.9 cm/s\({}^{2}\). The horizontal bedrock acceleration response spectrum attenuation decreases gradually with distance.  
[PERSON] performed the observation analysis and interpreted the results. [PERSON] and [PERSON] elaborated on the study and wrote the manuscript. [PERSON], [PERSON], [PERSON] and [PERSON] provided comments to improve the manuscript. All authors examined the results and interpretations and participated in manuscript writing. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.  
This study benefited from financial support provided by the Second Tibetan Plateau Scientific Expedition and Research Program (2019 QZKK0708), the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Pioneer Hundred Talents Program, and the Najin water plant seismic risk evaluation project.  
Not applicable.  
Data Availability StatementData are available in Figures and Tables or from the authors upon reasonable request.  
We are thankful to [PERSON] and [PERSON] from Key Laboratory of Earthquake Geodesy, Institute of Seismology, China Earthquake Administration for their work contributed to this study. We are grateful to China Earthquake Administration for sharing the data used in this study.  
All the authors listed certify that they have no involvement in any organization or entity with any financial interests (including honoraria; educational grants; participation in speakers' membership, bureaus, consultancies, stock ownership, employment, or other equity interest; and patent-licensing arrangements or expert testimony) or nonfinancial interests (including professional or personal relationships, knowledge or beliefs, and affiliations) in the subject materials or matter discussed.  
Figure 7: Attenuation curve of the response spectrum of horizontal bedrock acceleration (epicentral distance R = 100 km).
## 2 Methodology
### System and Control Strategy with Energy Storage  
The system configuration with DC-Link storage integration is shown in Figure 3. The three-phase grid-connected converter remains unchanged from the previous configuration and retains full control over regulating the DC-link voltage by managing the fundamental power exchange. The added components in this setup include (1) a single-phase residential inverter that delivers a clean 50 Hz voltage to the load and (2) a DC-DC buck-boost converter connected to a battery-based storage unit. The reason for choosing a single-phase inverter is that the number of analog inputs needed by the controller algorithm would have exceeded the number of inputs in the hardware in the laboratory if a three-phase inverter had been used. The storage system is not responsible for DC-link voltage regulation but dynamically supports or consumes power based on system conditions, enabling energy balancing and improving flexibility under varying load or injection scenarios.
## 3 Results and Discussion
### Highly Volatile Compounds Identified by GC-IMS
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{l l l l l l l l} \hline
**Count** & **Compound** & **Formula** & **MW a** & **LR1 b** & **Rt [sec] c** & **Dt [a.u.] d** & **Comment** \\ \hline
1 & Pentanal & C5H10O & 86.1 & 699.2 & 191.218 & 1.18096 & Monomer \\
2 & Pentanal & C5H10O & 86.1 & 699.2 & 191.218 & 1.43014 & Dimer \\
3 & Hexanal & C6H12O & 100.2 & 796.3 & 275.615 & 1.25142 & Monomer \\
4 & Hexanal & C6H12O & 100.2 & 794.1 & 273.480 & 1.56955 & Dimer \\
5 & Hepanal & C7H14O & 114.2 & 900.6 & 401.145 & 1.33159 & \\
6 & Octanal & C8H16O & 128.2 & 1015.1 & 608.637 & 1.40019 & \\
7 & (_E_)-2-Heptrenal & C7H12O & 112.2 & 961.3 & 505.127 & 1.26142 & Monomer \\
8 & (_E_)-2-Heptrenal & C7H12O & 112.2 & 96.1 & 504.710 & 1.67421 & Dimer \\
9 & (_E_)-2,4-heptadieneI & C7H10O & 110.2 & 1005.5 & 592.246 & 1.19157 & \\
10 & 1-Propanol & C3H8O & 60.1 & 568.8 & 131.415 & 1.25890 & \\
11 & 2-Methyl-1-pentanol & C6H14O & 102.2 & 848.9 & 332.835 & 1.29958 & Monomer \\
12 & 2-Methyl-1-pentanol & C6H14O & 102.2 & 844.2 & 327.260 & 1.59906 & Dimer \\
13 & Ethyl Acetate & C4H8O2 & 88.1 & 617.2 & 150.447 & 1.34254 & \\
14 & Propyl acetate & C5H10O2 & 102.1 & 714.8 & 202.823 & 1.48425 & \\
15 & 2,6-Dimethylpyrazine & C6H8N2 & 108.1 & 907.9 & 412.523 & 1.14445 & Monomer \\
16 & 2,6-Dimethylpyrazine & C6H8N2 & 108.1 & 908.0 & 412.710 & 1.53201 & Dimer \\
17 & Dimethyl ketone & C3H6O & 58.1 & 501.5 & 108.890 & 1.13033 & \\
18 & 2-Pentyfuran & C9H14O & 138.2 & 997.9 & 579.587 & 1.25453 & \\
19 & Dimethyl disulfide & C2H6S2 & 94.2 & 744.2 & 226.761 & 1.14486 & \\ \hline \end{tabular}  
* MW means Molecular weights; b LRI means linear retention indices; c RT [sec] means retention time, and the unit of the retention time was second; d Dt [a.u.] means drift time.  
\end{table} 
Table 1: The volatile compounds identified by headspace-gas chromatography-ion mobility spectrometry.
## 2 Materials and Methods
### Assessment of Microbial Adhesion to _n_-Hexadecane  
The hydrophobicity of _Y. lipolytica_ CMGB32 cells to _n_-hexadecane was assessed using the microbial adhesion to hydrocarbons (MATH) [29]. The yeast culture (starting from approximately 0.5 McFarland inoculum) was grown for three days on yeast peptone (YP) medium (g/L: Yeast extract 10, peptone 10) supplemented with 1% _n_-hexadecane. Then, 1.5 mL culture (with cell density equivalent to 3 McFarland) was centrifuged for 10 min at 10.000 rpm and 4 \({}^{\circ}\)C, and the cell pellet (containing both cells with a normal cell wall and cells with a cell wall whose degree of hydrophobicity is increased as a result of the changes induced by cultivation in the presence of non-conventional carbon sources) was washed three times with 1.5 mL phosphate-urea-magnesium buffer (PUM buffer) (g/L: KH\({}_{2}\)PO\({}_{4}\) 7.26; K\({}_{2}\)HPO\({}_{4}\) 19.7; urea 1.8; MgSO\({}_{2}\)SO\({}_{4}\cdot\) 7H\({}_{2}\)O 0.2; pH 7.0) and then diluted in order to obtain an OD\({}_{570\text{nm}}\) of approximately 1 (A\({}_{0}\)). A volume of 1.5 mL of cell suspension was mixed with 120 \(\upmu\)L _n_-hexadecane, vortexed, and incubated for 15 min at room temperature. Moreover, the OD was determined using 200 \(\upmu\)L of the lower phase (represented by cell suspension in the PUM buffer containing only cells with no modification of the cell wall hydrophobicity degree and which did not attach to the _n_-hexadecane layer after vortexing)(A\({}_{1}\)). All the samples were performed in duplicates. The MATH value was obtained using the mean of the two values calculated using the following equation:  
\[\text{MATH}\%=[(\text{A}_{0}-\text{A}_{1})/\text{A}_{0}]\times 100 \tag{1}\]
## 3 Results
### Analysis of the Energy Required to Tilt the Satellite by a Specific Angle  
The previously conducted analyses lead to the conclusion that the manoeuvres that may be performed in order to maximise the duration of flight of the satellite over a given area are those whose final effects do not bring satisfactory results due to the small amount of fuel available in the satellite. Due to that, the authors decided to conduct an analysis to consider tilting the nanosatellite together with the telescope to prolong the time spent by the satellite over the area of interest. The analysis presented below was conducted for the values of parameters of the M6P satellite by NanoAvionics (Kongsberg NanoAvionics UAB, Mokslininku g. 2A, LT-08412 Vilnius, Lithuania) [30].  
Table 11 presents the results of the analysis of the energy consumption by reaction wheels while tilting the satellite by a specific angle. As the tilt angle increases, a linear increase in the duration of the manoeuvre and of the fuel consumed is observed, which, in turn, leads to the proportional extension of the charging time of the power supply system.  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c} \hline \hline
**Tilt Angle** & \begin{tabular}{c} **Duration of the** \\ **Manoeuvre** \\ **t [s]** \\ \end{tabular} & \
\begin{tabular}{c} **Energy Consumed by** \\ **Reaction Wheels** \\ **E [J]** \\ \end{tabular} &
\begin{tabular}{c} **Charging Time** \\ **t [s]** \\ \end{tabular} \\ \hline
1 & 0.20 & 0.09 & 0.00129 \\
2 & 0.40 & 0.18 & 0.00257 \\
3 & 0.60 & 0.27 & 0.00386 \\
4 & 0.80 & 0.36 & 0.00514 \\
5 & 1.00 & 0.45 & 0.00643 \\
6 & 1.20 & 0.54 & 0.00771 \\
7 & 1.40 & 0.63 & 0.00900 \\
8 & 1.60 & 0.72 & 0.01029 \\
9 & 1.80 & 0.81 & 0.01157 \\
10 & 2.00 & 0.90 & 0.01286 \\
11 & 2.20 & 0.99 & 0.01414 \\
12 & 2.40 & 1.08 & 0.01543 \\
13 & 2.60 & 1.17 & 0.01671 \\
14 & 2.80 & 1.26 & 0.01800 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}
Table 11: Presentation of the results of the analysis of the energy required to tilt the satellite by a specific angle.  
Figure 7: Visualisation of the Hohmann transfer. The green line represents the initial circular orbit at an altitude of 482 km, while the blue line corresponds to the final circular orbit at an altitude of 550 km. (Source: STK 12.7.1).  
Figure 8 shows the tilt of the sensor with the satellite platform and the coverage of the Kampinos National Park. The sensor installed on a satellite has a specific tilt angle that allows for precise observations of the defined geographic region. This is presented in the illustration as the range of the vision field of the sensor. Detailed conclusions and the interpretation of results are provided in Section 4--Discussion.
## 4 Results and Analysis
### Identification of Signal App Traffic
#### 4.2.6 Media Messages  
Media messages include sending pictures, videos, and stickers. These messages are sent from the target User A device to another user. Traced files of media messages were captured and saved for detailed inspection. We noticed that the bytes patterns were the same for all (picture, videos, and stickers) activities. Hence, distinguishing among these messages was difficult. The patterns included multiple groups of reassembled PDU that were seen delivered from client to server. The size of each PDU was 1454 with a payload size of 1388 bytes. It was also noticed that the client used only one port to send messages to the server port 443. After sending the messages, the server sent an equal acknowledgment to the PDU list of size 108 bytes with a payload size of 42 bytes as shown in Figure 15. Due to similar pattern of all the above media messages, it was difficult to distinguish the types, (i.e., image, sticker) of messages. Moreover, the IP address the of receiver was also difficult to identify.
## 5 Comparisons with SOTA Methods  
To assess the performance of DCMFN, we conduct evaluations using data from various satellites. We select five traditional methods for comparison: EXP [35], BDSD-PC [36], GSA [37], PRACS [38], and MTF-GLP [35]. The implementations of these traditional methods utilized in this study are available from [28]. We select eight DL-based methods, including PNN [15], PanNet [16], MSDCNN [39], TFNET [17], GGPCRN [18], MUCNN [40], PanFormer [20], and SSIN [21]. Each of these methods represents a significant contribution to the pansharpening field, and their inclusion allows us to benchmark DCMFN against the latest advances in deep learning in the task at hand. We perform statistical analyses like \(t\)-tests and F-tests to check the significance of differences between groups. The \(p\)-values are below 0.05, so the results are statistically significant. For the competing methods, we use the same experimental parameters as those for DCMFN, including the training learning rate, optimizer, loss function for training, the computer devices used for training, and so on. In this paper, all the deep learning-based competing methods were trained from scratch on the same dataset used for DCMFN.
## 3 Problem Statement and Results
### Connection to Cooperative Collision Avoidance (CCA)  
Analyzing the procedure of automatic trajectory tracing for one vehicle is the first step to completely evaluate a traffic scenario where vehicles interchange information to update their trajectories in common while simultaneously adapting to the unpredictable phenomena that could alter the normal transit. Even though we have not considered a real cooperative system, the previous discussion provides us with a valuable insight into the performance of alternative functionals for optimum trajectories. In the context of CCA, the proposed method involves the exchange of computed trajectories at discretization steps, or at least updated information that would require a high frequency of beacons' interchange between vehicles in order to keep an updated history of the evolution of cars along the path. The IEEE 802.11p [3] is based on a CSMA (_Carrier Sense Multiple Access_), a medium access technique whose performance degrades as the number of transmitting nodes increases [14]. Thus, it is important to determine which are the minimum requirements that this system should have in order to guarantee appropriate performance (necessary in situations in which having this kind of information is critical). It might also be interesting to study the 3 GPP/LTE (next generation, 4G) cellular infrastructure, which is already under deployment, in order to complement such technologies to properly relieve WAVE-based communications from the channel overload that V2I and V2V might entail [15]. This is something we will treat in a future work.
## 3 Short-Reach Systems Classification and Enabling Technologies
### Enabling Technologies for Short-Reach System  
In this subsection, we present different potential modulation formats and advanced optoelectronic devices for the short-reach systems along with the associated requirements and challenges.
## 6 Conclusions  
In this study, an adaptive thresholding method for extracting water coverage (AT-EWC) in response to rapid flooding was proposed that automatically and quickly derives a classification map of the water and non-water areas. In addition, the inundation area was calculated with the assistance of persistent water extent information from cDSWE.  
Particularly, the shapes of the gray histogram were classified using prior water distribution information from long-term Landsat data. The algorithm implemented a fully automated process, from water extraction and determination to the output of the results. Moreover, most of the existing water products use annual composite data. Our method makes up for the low temporal resolution of optical products. In terms of accuracy and efficiency, the proposed method achieved better results in some small water bodies (inland watersheds with few lakes) than the Otsu [6] algorithm. It ameliorated the problem that the Otsu algorithm does not have high classification accuracy in small areas. Moreover, because the proposed method improved the threshold determination, it completed calculations faster than the existing methods and satisfies the needs of rapid flood disaster monitoring.  
In future experiments, we will continue to investigate the relationship between historical water data and image histogram types to improve the AT-EWC method for assessing rapid flood inundation. We will study possible improvements, from the time period of the water dataset to the diversity of the dataset, and the area to which the AT-EWC method is applied.  
[PERSON] designed the experiments. [PERSON] processed the data and wrote the manuscript. [PERSON] prepared the Landsat data and assisted in algorithm development. [PERSON] and [PERSON] reviewed and edited the first draft of the manuscript. All authors assisted in revising the manuscript. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.  
This work is supported by the National R&D Program of China under Grant 2018 YFB2100504, the Open Fund of Key Laboratory of Urban Land Resources Monitoring and Simulation, Ministry of Natural Resources under Grant number KF-2020-05-0076, and the Starter Talent Research Program of Wuhan University (413000067, 413000085).  
Not applicable.  
We would like to thank ESA's Sentinels Scientific Data Hub, through the Copernicus mission, that provided the Sentinel-1 SAR data. We give special thanks to Google's Earth Engine which provided the archived Landsat data, as well as computation capabilities. We thank two anonymous reviewers whose constructive comments led to an improved description of our introduction and methodology.  
The authors declare no conflict of interest. The funders had no role in the design of the study; in the collection, analyses, or interpretation of data; in the writing of the manuscript, or in the decision to publish the results.