# Diagnosis of Intracranial Tumors via the Selective CNN Data Modeling Technique
###### Abstract  
A brain tumor occurs in humans when a normal cell turns into an aberrant cell inside the brain. Primarily, there are two types of brain tumors in Homo sapiens: benign tumors and malignant tumors. In brain tumor diagnosis, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) plays a vital role that requires high precision and accuracy for diagnosis, otherwise, a minor error can result in severe consequences. In this study, we implemented various configured convolutional neural network (CNN) paradigms on brain tumor MRI scans that depict whether a person is a brain tumor patient or not. This paper emphasizes objective function values (_OFV_) achieved by various CNN paradigms with the least validation cross-entropy loss (_LVCEL_), maximum validation accuracy (_MVA_), and training time (_TT_) in seconds, which can be used as a feasible tool for clinicians and the medical community to recognize tumor patients precisely. Experimentation and evaluation were based on a total of 2189 brain MRI scans, and the best architecture shows the highest accuracy of 0.8275, maximum objective function value of 1.84, and an area under the ROC (AUC-ROC) curve of 0.737 to accurately recognize and classify whether or not a person has a brain tumor. 2022 2021  
out of which 13,000 patients died due to this disastrous tumor. Additionally, one-quarter of all cancer deaths among children are due to brain tumors. The total yearly frequency of primary intracranial tumors in the USA is 11-12 per 100,000 people, and for primary malignant intracranial tumors, it is 6-7 per 100,000. Over 4200 people are diagnosed with brain tumors every year in the UK (estimation of 2007), and 16 out of 1000 diagnosed cancer patients had a brain tumor. Approximately 200 other types of tumors are diagnosed in the UK every year. According to a report in 2007, a total of 80,271 cases were diagnosed in India with various types of tumors [3]. Majority of childhood tumors i.e., 17% are located in the parietal, frontal, and occipital lobe followed by cerebellum and brain stem. As per doctors' grading, tumors can be classified into four grades: Grade 1 when tissue is benign, Grade 2 when tissue is malignant and the cell looks less like normal cells, Grade 3 when malignant tissues have a cell that is very different from normal cells (anaplastic), Grade 4 where malignant tissue has cells that look most abnormal and grow rapidly. Malignancies contain structural heterogeneity, as well as active cancer cells, whereas in benign tumors, there is uniformity and they do not contain any active cancer cells. Growth of benign tumors is slow but with time it may convert into a deadly malignant tumor. Benign tumors are also known as low-grade tumors and can be subclassified into two categories, gliomas and meningioma. Similarly, malignant tumors are considered high-grade brain tumors that can also be classified into two parts: glioblastoma and astrocytoma [4]. Benign tumors are not harmful as they do not spread across in the brain, but in the case of malignant tumor, they are very harmful as they have rapid growth. They are removable and they rarely grow back. Malignant tumors can be classified into distinct categories based on various factors like locations, severity level, and type of originating tissues. Head injuries, hereditary syndromes, immune suppression, prolonged electromagnetic field exposure to ionizing radiation, or chemicals, such as vinyl chloride and formaldehyde, are the major causes of brain tumors. There are many symptoms of a brain tumor, such as persistent headache, eyesight issues, hearing and speech problems, walking and balancing problems, memory lapse, nausea and vomiting, a problem in concentration, and seizures. Early detection of tumors can lead to successful treatment but treatment gets relatively complex with time. There are various therapies related to brain tumors such as radiation therapy is an effective treatment for malignant gliomas. Chemotherapy also plays an important role in the treatment of high-grade gliomas as they kill cancerous cells.