## 4 Results
The lithostriagraphic units observed in the field were: Bahadur Khel Salt, Jatta Gypsum, Mami Khel Clay, Kohat, Murree, Kamlial, Chinji, Nagri, and Dhok Patan, in conformity with ML maps. Jatta Gypsum overlaid the Bahadur Khel Salt and conformed with the previously published maps and ground exposures. Kohat Limestone capped most outcrops in the mapped area. The Murree Formation is thin in the mapped area and has limited ground exposure. Thick deposits of the Siwalik Group and the Chinji, Nagri, and Dhok Patan formations were observed along the transect segment between Banda Daud Shah and Karak. The Chinji Formation was overlain by the Nagri Formation, which is overlain by the Dhok Patan Formation. Some major differences in the ANN vs. SVM classification map \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Formations** & **G** & **DP** & **C** & **N** & **K** & **MK** & **M** & **KS** & **A** & **W** & **Producer Accuracy (\%)** \\ \hline Jatta Gypsum (G) & 1094 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 4 & 0 & 0 & 2 & 0 & 0 & **99.5** \\ \hline Dhok Patan (DP) & 2 & 600 & 0 & 2 & 11 & 0 & 0 & 7 & 3 & 0 & **96.0** \\ \hline Chinji (C) & 2 & 3 & 547 & 15 & 15 & 0 & 0 & 1 & 5 & 1 & **92.9** \\ \hline Nagri (N) & 0 & 1 & 2 & 643 & 2 & 1 & 10 & 65 & 1 & 0 & **88.7** \\ \hline Kohat (K) & 1 & 2 & 5 & 0 & 1285 & 0 & 1 & 1 & 2 & 0 & **99.1** \\ \hline Mami Khel (MK) & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 4 & 237 & 7 & 1 & 0 & 0 & **95.2** \\ \hline Murree (M) & 0 & 0 & 2 & 0 & 10 & 25 & 202 & 20 & 2 & 0 & **77.4** \\ \hline Kamlial (KS) & 1 & 7 & 1 & 10 & 3 & 6 & 1 & 796 & 8 & 0 & **95.6** \\ \hline Alluvium (A) & 0 & 18 & 1 & 0 & 1 & 0 & 1 & 5 & 1074 & 0 & **97.6** \\ \hline Water (W) & 0 & 1 & 6 & 0 & 3 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 486 & **98.0** \\ \hline
**User Accuracy (\%)** & **99.5** & **94.9** & **97.0** & **96.0** & **88.1** & **91.0** & **88.6** & **98.1** & **99.8** & \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 4: Confusion matrix of artificial neural network (ANN) (with Adam optimizer). \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Formations** & **G** & **DP** & **C** & **N** & **K** & **MK** & **M** & **KS** & **A** & **W** & **Producer Accuracy (\%)** \\ \hline Gypsum (G) & 1128 & 1 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 8 & 0 & 0 & **99.2** \\ \hline Dhok Patan (DP) & 0 & 578 & 3 & 8 & 6 & 0 & 0 & 3 & 27 & 0 & **92.5** \\ \hline Chinji (C) & 0 & 0 & 584 & 6 & 6 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 12 & 0 & **96.1** \\ \hline Nagri (N) & 3 & 4 & 7 & 691 & 1 & 0 & 1 & 32 & 1 & 0 & **93.4** \\ \hline Kohat (K) & 0 & 3 & 7 & 0 & 1285 & 4 & 3 & 0 & 2 & 0 & **98.5** \\ \hline Mami Khel (MK) & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 3 & 225 & 16 & 0 & 0 & 0 & **92.2** \\ \hline Murree (M) & 0 & 0 & 1 & 0 & 18 & 14 & 186 & 8 & 0 & 0 & **81.9** \\ \hline Kamlial (KS) & 1 & 2 & 0 & 21 & 2 & 2 & 6 & 777 & 6 & 0 & **95.1** \\ \hline Alluvium (A) & 0 & 21 & 15 & 2 & 2 & 0 & 7 & 2 & 1053 & 0 & **95.6** \\ \hline Water (W) & 0 & 4 & 2 & 0 & 1 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 1 & 413 & **98.1** \\ \hline
**User Accuracy (\%)** & **99.6** & **94.3** & **94.3** & **94.9** & **97.1** & **91.8** & **84.9** & **93.6** & **95.6** & **100.0** & \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 5: Confusion matrix of support vector machine (SVM).