# Mathematics-Driven Analysis of Offshore Green Hydrogen Stations
## 5 Conclusions
The choice between the hydrogen heating value constants--lower heating value (LHV) or higher heating value (HHV)--has an estimated impact of a 17.69% increase in hydrogen production capacity, or a 15.03% reduction in the required photovoltaic surface area to produce 1 \(\frac{\text{mol}_{\text{H}_{2}}}{\text{s}}\), when using a LHV as the reference. Reducing the hydrogen output pressure from 1000 bar to 200 bar results in an estimated 3.1% increase in hydrogen production capacity or a 3% reduction in photovoltaic surface area requirements. Improvements in the efficiency of photovoltaic panels, electrolyzers, and compressors have a direct and cumulative impact along the entire production chain. For example, doubling the energy conversion efficiency of the photovoltaic panels results in either double the hydrogen production capacity or half the required surface area. An increase of 0.2 in electrolyzer efficiency (within a [0, 1] range) yields a 32.28% increase in hydrogen output or a 32.28% reduction in photovoltaic surface area. Likewise, a 0.2 increase in compressor efficiency leads to a 0.81% increase in hydrogen output or a comparable decrease in panel surface requirements. In all three cases--though to a lesser extent for the compressor--the efficiency of the station's core components significantly affects system performance and associated costs. As previously noted, the reflection of sunlight off the marine surface amplifies the solar irradiance received perpendicularly by the photovoltaic panels. The magnitude of reflected radiation is affected by the flatness of the sea surface. Assuming a flatness value of 0 represents a perfectly smooth surface (maximum reflection) and a value of 1 indicates complete surface disruption (no reflection), a variation between 0 and 0.6 leads to an estimated 5.63% reduction in hydrogen production capacity or an equivalent increase in the required photovoltaic surface area. The effects of misalignment between the sun's trajectory and the orientation of the photovoltaic panels were also simulated. The results show that azimuth misalignment is more detrimental--in terms of reduced solar irradiance--than an equivalent misalignment in inclination. In other words, deviations in azimuth require greater compensatory increases in photovoltaic surface area than inclination deviations. Nevertheless, both types of misalignments are independent and should be addressed accordingly. Modeling the dynamic behavior of the system under real-world operating conditions and environmental constraints is a fundamental step--and a valuable tool--for guiding analysis, design, and optimization processes. These efforts should not be limited to technical performance considerations alone but must also encompass economic and cost-related aspects. Enhancing the efficiency of solar energy generation and hydrogen production processes can reduce the required photovoltaic surface area, thereby simplifying structural and anchoring requirements and lowering associated costs. Simpler, more reliable, and cost-effective designs will foster the expansion of floating solar energy and green hydrogen production in marine environments. Conceptualization, A.G.-R. and P.F.-A. ; methodology, D.V. ; software, A.G.-R.; validation, A.G.-R., P.F.-A. and D.V. ; formal analysis, A.G.-R.; investigation A.G.-R., P.F.-A. and D.V. ; resources, A.G.-R. and P.F.-A. ; data curation, A.G.-R.; writing--original draft preparation, A.G.-R., P.F.-A. and D.V. ; writing--review and editing, A.G.-R., P.F.-A. and D.V. ; supervision, A.G.-R., P.F.-A. and D.V. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript. This research received no external funding. All data used in the research were generated using the equations provided throughout the paper. The authors declare no conflicts of interest.