## 3 Results and Discussion
### Effects of Alloy Type and Temperature on Hydrolysis Hydrogen Generation  
Based on the hydrolysis reaction of magnesium-based metals with water for hydrogen production, the theoretical hydrogen yield for pure magnesium is approximately 1.0058 L per gram (L/g) at 0 \({}^{\circ}\)C and 1 atmosphere (atm, standard conditions). For Mg-10 Al, Mg-20 Al, and Mg-30 Al alloys, the theoretical hydrogen yields are calculated  
Figure 5: The SEM and EDS images of the initial material of (**a**) Mg-10 Zn, (**b**) Mg-20 Zn, and (c) Mg-30 Zn. to be approximately 1.0414 L/g, 1.0773 L/g, and 1.1124 L/g, respectively. In contrast, Mg-10 Zn, Mg-20 Zn, and Mg-30 Zn alloys have theoretical hydrogen yields of approximately 0.9414 L/g, 0.8057 L/g, and 0.7478 L/g, respectively. Figure 6 illustrates the hydrolysis hydrogen production kinetics curves of pure magnesium under various temperature conditions. The results indicate a strong dependence of the hydrolysis kinetics and hydrogen production rate of magnesium-based metallic materials on temperature. As depicted in Figure 6a-c, these figures present the hydrogen conversion rates, hydrolysis hydrogen production kinetics curves, and temperature variation curves during hydrogen production for pure magnesium reacting with water vapor at 510 \({}^{\circ}\)C, 520 \({}^{\circ}\)C, 560 \({}^{\circ}\)C, and 600 \({}^{\circ}\)C. Enhancing the temperature of the hydrolysis reaction significantly improves the hydrogen production performance of pure magnesium. Figure 6a shows the hydrogen conversion rates of pure magnesium under different reaction temperature conditions. Except for the condition at 510 \({}^{\circ}\)C where hydrolysis did not occur, complete hydrolysis was achieved at 520 \({}^{\circ}\)C, 560 \({}^{\circ}\)C, and 600 \({}^{\circ}\)C, with final hydrogen conversion rates reaching up to 94%. As shown in Figure 6b, the hydrogen production curves of pure magnesium reacting with water vapor under different reaction temperatures are presented. An increase in reaction temperature significantly enhances the hydrolysis kinetics during the initial stage, thereby greatly accelerating the hydrogen production rate. The maximum instantaneous hydrogen production rate rapidly reaches its peak and then gradually decreases. Specifically, the maximum hydrogen production rates during the initial stage for pure magnesium at 510 \({}^{\circ}\)C, 520 \({}^{\circ}\)C, 560 \({}^{\circ}\)C, and 600 \({}^{\circ}\)C increase from 0 L/min to 19.122 L/min, 23.636 L/min, and 24.396 L/min, respectively (note: the value for 510 \({}^{\circ}\)C should be 0 as no hydrolysis occurred, but it is included here for completeness of the temperature range mentioned). In Figure 6c, the temperature variations during the hydrolysis hydrogen production process of pure magnesium under different reaction temperature conditions are presented. At 510 \({}^{\circ}\)C, due to the inability of pure magnesium to undergo hydrolysis, the temperature change is insignificant. When the reaction temperature is \(\geq\)520 \({}^{\circ}\)C, significant temperature changes are observed. The higher the initial temperature, the more rapid and intense the hydrolysis reaction, leading to increased heat release and a shorter time to reach the maximum temperature. Once the temperature peaks, the hydrolysis reaction ceases immediately, and the temperature then drops linearly. Table 2 presents the induction times and complete reaction times for pure magnesium under reaction conditions at 510 \({}^{\circ}\)C, 520 \({}^{\circ}\)C, 560 \({}^{\circ}\)C, and 600 \({}^{\circ}\)C.  
Figure 6: The hydrogen generation yield curves of (**a**) pure-Mg; hydrogen generation rate curves of (**b**) pure-Mg; and the temperature variation curves of (**c**) pure-Mg. The results indicate that an increase in temperature can significantly enhance hydrogen production kinetics. As the temperature rises, the reaction becomes more intense, leading to a substantial reduction in both the induction time and the overall reaction time.