## 4 Simulation Results and Analysis
### Official Interventions  
After an emergency, official departments should promptly intervene by releasing various information to calm passengers' panic. The role of official departments in regulating passengers' emotions is crucial for curbing panic, and the effectiveness of this regulation is reflected in their ability to manage passengers' emotions. To assess how the regulatory capacity of official departments influences the evolution of group emotions, the regulatory capacity is set at \(R=0.1\), \(R=0.5\), and \(R=0.9\), while keeping other parameters constant: \(N=300\), \(P=0.5\), _arrival-tick_ = 100, and an even distribution of the three personality traits, each making up 1/3 of the total. Set the official interventions to begin at _tick_ = 50. We observed the proportions of passengers in four emotional states (the number of passengers in a specific emotional state/\(N\)) within the group, as shown in Figure 6.  
When \(R=0.1\), the regulatory capacity of the official departments is relatively low. As shown in Figure 6a, during the period from _tick_ = 50 to _tick_ = 100--when the official departments begin to take measures until the train arrives at the station--there is no significant change in the proportions of passengers in different emotional states within the group. This is due to passengers' lack of trust in the official departments, leading them to focus more on their own perceptions and emotional interactions with those around them. As a result, even though the official departments continuously release information, this fails to effectively control the situation's evolution. As shown in Figure 6b,c, around _tick_ = 50, the proportions of passengers in intense panic, moderate panic, and slight panic exhibit significant fluctuations. The proportion of passengers in intense panic drops notably, while those in moderate and slight panic increase. Subsequently, the overall trend enters a phase of minor fluctuations. When \(R=0.9\), the decline in the proportion of passengers in intense panic is even more pronounced, and the increase in the proportion of passengers in slight panic is greater than that in moderate panic. This indicates that more passengers transition from intense panic to slight panic, significantly reducing the overall panic level among passengers in the carriage. This suggests that greater official regulatory capacity more effectively suppresses group panic. However, while this regulatory effect is immediate, it does not maintain sustained efficiency. Figure 6b,c shows that, after _tick_ = 50, following a brief period of emotional regulation, there are no further significant changes in the distribution of passengers across the three emotional states of intense panic, moderate panic, and slight panic. This indicates that the official regulatory capacity does not have a lasting and efficient impact on reducing group panic. One possible explanation is that the enclosed environment of the carriage prevents passengers from accurately interpreting official information. As a result, the regulatory effect of official information on passengers' emotions diminishes over time, and instinctive emotional contagion gradually becomes the dominant influence.  
By comparing Figures 4c and 6a-c, it becomes evident that, after the train arrives at the station (i.e., _tick_ > 100), during the evacuation process, the proportions of passengers in intense and moderate panic decrease more rapidly as the official regulatory capacity increases, assuming the same evacuation rate. This acceleration is due to a greater number of passengers transitioning to slight panic, which supports the notion that the enclosed environment can inhibit the effectiveness of official information. Therefore, it is crucial for official departments to actively release information after the train arrives at the station to calm passengers' emotions.