## 3 Proposed Solution
### Forward Error Correction
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c c c c c c c} \hline \hline \multicolumn{1}{c}{**Encoding Mode**} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{**QP**} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{**Average PSNR**} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{**FourPeople**} \\ \hline  & & & **Crew** & & & **Soccer** & & & **Vidyo1** & & **FourPeople** \\ \hline  & & **Y** & **U** & **V** & **Y** & **U** & **V** & **Y** & **U** & **V** & **Y** & **U** & **V** \\ \hline  & 8 & 15.9 & 26.1 & 22.3 & 23.2 & 17.5 & 26.2 & 5.5 & 22 & 27.6 & 5.4 & 21.7 & 25.6 \\  & 12 & 16.1 & 24 & 20.2 & 23.5 & 17.8 & 26 & 5.8 & 22.0 & 26.1 & 5.9 & 21.1 & 24.8 \\ Encrypted Video & 24 & 16.5 & 23.9 & 20.5 & 24.7 & 17.9 & 25.8 & 6.3 & 22.1 & 26.9 & 6.1 & 21.6 & 25.3 \\  & 36 & 16.2 & 23.2 & 20.1 & 23.2 & 17.6 & 25.6 & 5.9 & 22.5 & 26.7 & 5.8 & 21.0 & 24.9 \\  & 48 & 14.9 & 21.9 & 19.8 & 23.1 & 17.1 & 25.5 & 5.6 & 22.4 & 26.3 & 6.0 & 21.4 & 25.5 \\ \hline  & 8 & 15.2 & 27.1 & 23 & 22.7 & 17.6 & 25.9 & 5.5 & 22.8 & 26.9 & 5.8 & 21.9 & 26.3 \\  & 12 & 16.8 & 25.4 & 20.8 & 23.1 & 17.4 & 25.5 & 5.6 & 22.0 & 26.7 & 5.8 & 21.2 & 25.6 \\ Encrypted Videos with Errors & 24 & 17.8 & 24.2 & 21 & 25.2 & 17.3 & 25.3 & 5.9 & 22.2 & 26.6 & 6.0 & 20.8 & 25.4 \\  & 36 & 16.2 & 23.8 & 20.5 & 24.9 & 17 & 25.1 & 5.7 & 23 & 26.9 & 5.9 & 20.9 & 25.4 \\  & 48 & 14.6 & 23.3 & 20 & 23 & 16.8 & 25.3 & 5.7 & 22.3 & 26.8 & 5.6 & 21.1 & 25.9 \\ \hline  & 8 & 29.8 & 36 & 39.4 & 35.7 & 53.3 & 53.4 & 21.9 & 37.9 & 38.9 & 17.2 & 34.7 & 35.9 \\  & 12 & 32.8 & 36 & 39.4 & 36.5 & 50.7 & 53 & 21.6 & 37.6 & 38.8 & 17.2 & 34.5 & 33.2 \\ Decrypted Video without FEC & 24 & 35.7 & 33.4 & 38.9 & 36.7 & 49.8 & 52.8 & 22.3 & 34.5 & 32.9 & 17.9 & 33.5 & 35.8 \\  & 36 & 30.5 & 32.2 & 37.1 & 35.1 & 47.1 & 52.5 & 18.6 & 33.5 & 33.9 & 16.5 & 33.6 & 33.4 \\  & 48 & 27.2 & 31.6 & 36.4 & 29 & 46.3 & 49.6 & 17.3 & 34.9 & 33.4 & 15.6 & 30.2 & 32.1 \\ \hline  & 8 & 36.8 & 49.3 & 50.4 & 38.9 & 60.5 & 54.3 & 20.1 & 40.1 & 40.5 & 18.1 & 37.2 & 38.4 \\  & 12 & 34.4 & 48.4 & 45.2 & 41.8 & 60.4 & 53.2 & 22.8 & 39.4 & 39.9 & 18.4 & 34.7 & 37.7 \\ Decrypted Video with FEC & 24 & 43.5 & 46 & 42.1 & 41.9 & 52.3 & 52.4 & 23.4 & 34.8 & 33.7 & 19.1 & 36.5 & 36.7 \\  & 36 & 44.3 & 37.1 & 39.5 & 42 & 48.4 & 52.1 & 18.2 & 34.6 & 33.9 & 17.6 & 35.3 & 36.6 \\  & 48 & 29.8 & 34.6 & 38.1 & 35.6 & 46.7 & 48.5 & 17.0 & 35.2 & 33.7 & 16.2 & 31.5 & 32.3 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 2: Comparative PSNR at Five Different QP Values for Tested Videos. Figure 7: Comparison of average SSIM at different QP values (8, 12, 24, 36, and 48) for **(a)** Crew and **(b)** Soccer video (EC: error correction and VF: video frame). #### 4.1.3 Mse

MSE is compared across each of the three channels in an RGB image and is the average of the squared differences between the luminance (Y) and chrominance (U, V) values of corresponding pixels in two frames (the decoded frame and the original frame). It may range from 0 to 65025, but a smaller value indicates a resulting better video quality. Table 3 and Figure 8 show the comparative MSE values at various phases of the proposed scheme. Figure 8 shows the MSE of luminance and chrominance, i.e., Y, U, and V. It is apparent that the average MSE of video recovered with FEC presented in Table 3 and Figure 8 led to the same conclusions as for PSNR and SSIM measurement. MSE is directly related to PSNR, as can be observed by the equation \(\text{MSE}=\frac{\sum_{i=1,j=1}^{m}\left(Y_{ij}-X_{ij}\right)^{2}}{mn}\), where \(m\), \(n\) represents the width and height of the video frame, respectively, while \(X\) is the original frame and \(Y\) denotes the reconstructed frame. #### 4.1.4 Vqm

VQM is a reduced-reference quality metric in which seven parameters related to the video quality are extracted and linearly combined to estimate the VQM quality score. Thus, it includes a combination of objective parameters to evaluate the perceptual effects of an extensive range of distortions. The value of VQM may vary from 0 to \(\infty\). Zero VQM means no difference between a particular video and the original one.