# A New Measure for Serious Games Evaluation: Gaming Educational Balanced (GEB) Model
## 2 Materials and Methods
### Gaming Educational Balanced Model  
The GEB model was developed from the 4 PEG Model structure. Nevertheless, 4 PEG does not have interrelationships and percentages justified by serious games design research. So, the GEB model reviewed and modified the total percentages of each section. These changes respond to a search for recent studies [3; 16; 18; 19; 20; 21; 22; 23] that demonstrate the importance of balancing gameplay and educational content. In addition, the relevance of the elements that compose them was also analyzed to give them the appropriate ratios. While 4 PEG is divided only into Game Overview and Educational Overview, the GEB model adds a third section: Overall Balance. In 4 PEG theory, the balance between both sections responds to the Magic Bullet concept [10] and enters into the Educational Overview. However, several studies [21; 24; 25] have shown the need to add a third perspective. A game can be fun and engaging on the one hand, and properly introduce educational content on the other. Moreover, if these contents are not distributed in time and in the gameplay, motivation is reduced [26] and the player's cognitive load is increased [27]. Therefore, this section is relevant, although it does not have the same importance as the two main ones. The new measure, called the GEB metric, distributes the percentages in the same measure for Game and Educational Overview. This decision follows the line of several studies [20; 25; 28; 29] that have developed theories about the need for a balance of seriousness and playfulness in game design. Furthermore, this perspective is not only shared by researchers and designers. Players perceived the same needs in their engagement with learning and play [22; 30; 31]. Therefore, Game Overview and Educational Overview receive 40% of the total percentage each. While Overall Balance keeps 20%, which is half of the previous ones, but still receives 1/5 of the total score for the effect it causes. The changes between the 4 PEG and the GEB ratios can be seen in Figure 2.  
The distribution of Game Overview has given 10% to its four sections: Mechanics, Dynamics, Aesthetics, and Technology and UX. Both in the definition of the MDA framework made by [PERSON] et al. [9] as in its later use by numerous studies [15], the relevance of each layer has always been equivalent. Each feature has many elements that are essential for player engagement and cannot be prioritized over others. In the same way, Technology and UX has been a section that later models [9; 17; 32] have added as the fourth pillar of gameplay. This feature contemplates the direct perception of the player's motivations and acquires the same importance [33]. Educational Overview gives different percentages to its two sections: 10% of the score to Instructional Strategies and 30% to Motivational Design. In the game design research  
Figure 2: Comparison between 4 PEG Model and GEB model. on the application of learning, the relevance given to these two sections is distinguished. Although the construction of the learning context is important, the aspects directly related to the motivation created in the player determine the level of learning [34]. Motivated users feel less pressure and emotional exhaustion [35]. They are also more willing to learn and give more value to the experience, paying more attention and getting more positive reactions [36]. Therefore, it is concluded that Motivational Design has three times the score of Instructional Strategies due to its need to not burden the players and help them learn [37]. Within Motivational Design there are five different features and each one receives an equivalent 6% of the score. The game design theories that focus on this educational design [20; 21; 22; 23] give the same relevance to all its contents. Finally, the Overall Balance is split into two subsections quantified both as 10% of the total score: Learning and Fun and Can Learn vs. Must Learn.