# Advancing the State of the Fog Computing to Enable 5G Network Technologies
## 4 Computing Paradigms  
Computation Technology has reached a new height with the advent of CC. Many service providers like IBM, Google, and Amazon are currently nurturing this computing paradigm to enable other cloud-based services and resolve numerous enterprise and educational issues concurrently. Cloud data centers are centralized and located far from the end users/ devices. one of the extensions of CC and FC are known as mobile EC (MEC) [7; 38], which is edge-centric computing that is an evolution of cellular base stations. It combines the operations of cellular base stations and edge servers. With distant Cloud datacenters, MEC can be either online or offline. Moreover, it supports two or three-tier hierarchical application deployment of the network along with end mobile devices. Thus, targeting faster initiation of cellular services for the customers and improves network efficiency [38]. Recently, improvement has been made in MEC to support 5G communications. Moreover, it aims at flexible access to the radio network information for application development and content distribution. Another recent computation trend is Mobile Cloud Computing (MCC), and the user prefers to run necessary applications on their devices rather than traditional computers. The reason is that the recent proliferation of hand-held devices readily available today. However, most of the smart mobile devices are constrained with the subjected amount of energy storage and computational resource. Executing intensive applications outside mobile devices is more feasible than locally executing applications devices, and remote execution of offloaded mobile applications is supported by the provision of computational resources in closed proximity of end users. Sensitive and real-time computation is leading to service quality degradation, round-trip delay, and network congestion. This issue was resolved with the help of the EC concept [38]. The basic concept of EC is to bring close data sources to the computation facilities, which is done by enabling data processing at the edge network as a localized computing paradigm [8]. Thus, a swift response to the request is needed for raw bulk data sent to core networks. However, it does not spontaneously give a response to other cloud-based services that are focused on the requirement of the end users [1]. In summary, MEC integrates Mobile and Cloud computing with wireless communication networks. It is performed to improve the Quality of Experience (QoE) and creates new business opportunities for both cloud service providers and network operators. MEC and FC can enable the edge network. Precisely, FC is a component of computational infrastructure that can be extended for both core and edge networks. It is evident from existing studies that FC supports IoT, Artificial Intelligence (AI), 5G, and many other programs that require high network bandwidth, advance security, constraint resources, and ultra-low latency. FC is the process of extending computing enterprise networks to the edge rather than working and hosting from a centralized cloud. It allows smooth computing operations, increased storage, and better network services between end users and computing data centers. Mostly, Fog computing is confused with edge computing. However, FC leverages EC but not the other way around as presumed by many people. FC gives way for orchestration, distribution, management, and services to secure resources across or between devices residing at the edge of a system-level architecture [7]. Contrasting to the concept of FC, EC places small servers or clouds at the edge by relying on separate nodes, where each node runs in a silo that requires data transported back through the cloud for peer-to-peer traffic [8]. As a result, the latency for service delivered to real-time IoT applications will be minimized to a great extent. FC can extend cloud-based services like IaaS, PaaS, SaaS to the edge of the network, unlike EC.