esa-sceva/satcom-chunk-collection huggingface dataset:
# Intelligent Ship Scheduling and Path Planning Method for Maritime Emergency Rescue
###### Abstract
The above methods still cannot fully meet the actual needs in ship mission planning for maritime search and rescue. On the one hand, the development of danger is difficult to predict. Although the current maritime SOS alarm system has been widely used, it takes time for the rescue force to rush to the incident area. The vessels and personnel in distress may be affected by environmental and human factors, and when the rescue force arrives, it may not be in the position of the news report. And sometimes the actual situation may be more complex and severe; for example, the hull may have capsized, disintegration and/or drift with the current may have occurred, or some people may have rescued themselves from the initial position, making it necessary to search the surrounding area of the incident. On the other hand, the complexity and uncertainty of the maritime environment bring greater challenges to mission planning, which needs to consider multiple constraints and risk factors, such as weather changes, sea state fluctuations, and obstacle avoidance at sea. In addition, real-time and computational efficiency are also important factors which need to considered to provide a fast response while ensuring the accuracy of planning results. In order to improve the efficiency and safety of the execution of maritime rescue tasks and to intelligently manage and schedule maritime ships and operating facilities, this paper proposes an intelligent planning method for ship action for the whole process of maritime search and rescue. The algorithm uses the A* algorithm with added constraints for large-scale route pre-planning; then, a complete coverage path planning algorithm (CCPP) [22] is used to search the target area for full coverage. The experimental results show that the intelligent ship scheduling and path planning method proposed in this paper can adapt to search and rescue missions in the complex setting of the sea and provide a more intelligent and efficient solution for the planning of maritime emergency rescue missions. Regarding the structure of this paper, firstly, the intelligent action planning method for maritime emergency rescue is described, including three parts: algorithm principle, experimental strategy, and evaluation index. Section 2 analyzes the experimental data, and Section 3 compares the experimental results of the algorithm with a conventional algorithm, including the ship navigation planning stage and the conventional A* algorithm for comparison. In the region search stage, a differential evolution algorithm is used for comparison experiments. Finally, the experimental results are discussed and analyzed.
###### Abstract  
In view of the phenomenon that camera imaging will appear large up close and small from afar in the eye-to-hand hand-calibration system, one hand-eye calibration is carried out. The manipulator is only suitable for grasping objects of the same height, and the calibration results cannot be applied to grasping products with variable height. Based on the study of the pinhole camera model and the rigid transformation model between coordinate systems, the introduction of the calibration height parameters, the relationship between parameters of the rigid transformation matrix between image the coordinate system and the robot coordinate system, and sampling height are established. In the experiment, firstly, through the calibration of camera parameters, the influence of camera distortion on imaging quality is eliminated, and the influence of calibration height is ignored. Then, the machine coordinate system and image coordinate system of the calibration plate at different heights are calibrated using the four-point calibration method. The parameters of the rigid transformation matrix at different heights (H) are calculated. Finally, through experimental analysis, the high linear relationship between the parameters of the rigid transformation matrix from the image coordinate system to the robot coordinate system and the calibration height is fitted. By analyzing the random error of the experiment, the linear relationship between calibration height and pixel density is further established, and the systematic error of the experimental process is deeply analyzed. The experimental results show that the hand-eye calibration system based on this linear relationship is precise and suitable for grabbing products of any height, and the positioning error is less than 0.08%.  
variable height; hand-eye calibration; pinhole camera model; rigid transform matrix; experiment analysis +
Footnote †: journal: Applied Sciences
# Fatigue Life Prediction of High Modulus Asphalt Concrete Based on the Local Stress-Strain Method
## 3 Direct Tensile Test of HMAC
### Loading Frequency  
In order to make the experiment feasible and to comply with road surface conditions, the test was conducted at a variety of frequencies (1, 2, 5, 10 Hz). A load frequency of 2 Hz was determined for the test by taking into consideration influential factors including simulation results, the test time, and fixture performance.
## 2 Materials and Methods
### Antibacterial Activity Assay  
In this study, we assessed the antibacterial efficacy of CQDs against _E. coli_ through minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) assays. The MIC represented the concentration at which no visible growth was observed. The procedure involved streaking and culturing _E. coli_ strains on a nutrient agar medium, followed by an 18 to 24 h incubation at 37 \({}^{\circ}\)C. Subsequently, a bacterial suspension was prepared using 0.9% physiological saline to achieve a bacterial concentration of 0.5 McFarland, equivalent to 10\({}^{8}\) colony-forming units per milliliter (CFU/mL). Following this, 50 uL of CQDs was applied to the agar disk previously inoculated with _E. coli_, and the mixture was incubated at 37 \({}^{\circ}\)C for 24 h. After cultivation, the number of bacterial colonies on each dish was recorded, and visual inspection for bacterial growth (turbidity) was conducted to determine the MICs of the CQD sample.  
MBC Determination: Following incubation, the agar plates were inspected to verify the presence or absence of bacterial colonies. Absence of colonies indicated that the CQD concentration in that aliquot was adequate to eliminate at least 99.9% of the bacterial population, and that concentration was then deemed as the MBC.  
The antimicrobial activity was assessed based on surviving colony-forming unit (CFU) counts, and the antibacterial rate was determined using Equation (1). In the bacterial preparation process, a suspension of _E. coli_ was meticulously created with a concentration of 10\({}^{6}\) CFU/mL, utilizing sterile 0.9% NaCl solution. The resulting inoculum was formed by combining 1.5 mL Muller-Hinton broth with 50 uL of the suspension, and this inoculum underwent a 24 h incubation period at 25 \({}^{\circ}\)C under natural light conditions. After incubation, the _E. coli_ suspension was serially diluted in 1:100 steps, resulting in concentrations of 10\({}^{-2}\), 10\({}^{-4}\), 10\({}^{-6}\), 10\({}^{-7}\), and 10\({}^{-8}\). Three final dilution concentration levels were chosen, and 100 uL from each level was plated onto separate nutrient agar plates. Subsequent incubation at 37 \({}^{\circ}\)C for 24 h allowed for the analysis of colony counts. From these counts, a specific dilution level was chosen for further stages of the experiment, representing the inoculum size for subsequent investigations into the antibacterial activity of the substance under scrutiny.  
\[\text{Antibacterial rate }(\%)=\frac{\text{Control group CFU}-\text{Experimental group CFU}}{\text{Control group CFU}}\times 100\% \tag{1}\]  
In this context, the control group denoted bacterial growth without CQDs, whereas the experimental group denoted bacterial growth in the presence of CQDs. The CFU values served as a quantitative measure of the antibacterial effectiveness of CQDs.
## 5 Results and Discussion
### Inter-Cluster Communication  
The performance of the proposed inter-cluster communication method, based on relay-node selection and rotation, was evaluated using the parameters shown in Table 2. The network was tested with 100 nodes uniformly randomly distributed, each having heterogeneous initial energy ranging from 0.5 J to 2 J, with the total energy of the network set at 100 J. Similarly, nodes generated data packets ranging from 1000 bits to 4000 bits, maintaining a total of 200,000 bits transmitted across the network.
# Application of Additive Manufacturing Technology for Chair Parts Connections
## 3 Results and Discussion
### Micrography of the Connectors after Mechanical Testing  
The image in Figure 10a shows the detachment of the powder granules due to the tensile loads applied to the chair elements assembled with a 3D-printed connector. The crack was placed longitudinally on the corner of the connector. As can be seen in this image, there is a random distribution of the detached powder granules, indicating bonding damage of the different deposited powder layers using the SLS technology. The particle fusion can be explained by several factors that can affect the uniform deposition of the new powder layer on the previous one, such as the energy density and scan speed. Low energy density creates a porous structure and layer delamination with a negative impact on the mechanical properties of the printed object [8]. Contrarily, the high laser power and the fast scan speed can produce the balling defect [6; 9], which often leads to cracks.  
Figure 9: Typical defects occurred in the 3D-printed connector after mechanical testing: (**a**) at tensile; (**b**) at compression. The red frames highlight the cracks occurring in the 3D-printed connector.  
The image in Figure 10b shows the linear detachment of the powder granules in the case of breaking the connector in the transversal direction (as seen in Figure 9b right), as a result of compression loading. This can be explained by the low bonding between two adjacent sintered layers of powder. In the marked area in Figure 10b, the balling defect is highlighted, which could cause the breaking of the part. According to the observations of researchers [9; 26], the orientation of the part during the SLS printing process has an influence on the nature of the fracture. Thus, on the \(0^{\circ}\) orientated parts, a serrated fracture occurs after mechanical testing, because the force is applied along the layers, and the weak areas are fractured, a phenomenon which explains the fracture presented in Figure 10a. In the case of the \(90^{\circ}\) orientation of the part, the force is applied perpendicular to the layers, causing a straight fracture between two subsequent layers, a fact that may explain the occurrence of the fracture presented in Figure 10b.  
As noticed by other researchers [24; 26] who studied the behavior of 3D-printed dowels made from PA12 by applying SLS technology and which were used for L-type corner joints designed for case-type furniture, during the diagonal tensile and compression tests, the normal and shear stresses occurring in the cross-section of the dowels exceeded the stress limits of the PA12 material. As a result, the failures of the dowels occurred on their entire cross-section, as for the connector presented in Figure 9b.  
Reducing the unnecessary excessive strength of the classical wooden joints by replacing them with joints with 3D-printed connectors can bring important advantages: no limitation in design and build complex structures, rapid execution, saving money, time and materials [18].
### Related Work
#### 1.2.5 Overall Positioning with Respect to State of the Art  
With respect to simulating HAR sensor data, we have [15] doing it directly in simulated environments. Other approaches rely on on-body markers [36; 37] or systems with multiple cameras such as kinect [22]. Our approach does not use any special markers, as we would not have access to such markers in video sources such as YouTube. Instead, it relies directly on the position of the body's joints. Moreover, we do not assume we have more than a single monocular camera, as that is the case for most datasets and video sources. Compared to works using forward kinematics, our approach does not directly perform physical simulation, as it is only feasible if the 3D poses of the subject are estimated. Obtaining those 3D poses is possible with a calibrated system of more than one camera [21] or even using a single one [23; 24; 25; 26; 27; 28]. Thus, one could extract those poses and then use the cited methods to obtain the sensor values, but their quality depends on the quality of poses that can be obtained from a monocular camera. Recent work that follows this approach is [38], which uses off the shelf methods to predict 3D human poses for monocular images and then forward kinematics to simulate sensor data. They have demonstrated the feasibility of the approach in generating acceleration data without a static camera, but their pipeline works best when predicting modes of locomotion and not complex activities that do not happen in a 2D plane [38]. This is likely due to accumulated distortions in the predicted 3D poses. Extracting those poses from a monocular camera is no easy task due to occlusion, clothing, lighting, and the inherent ambiguity in inferring 3D from 2D [29]. Our approach is different as we predict sensor data directly from the 2D poses using a deep neural network without forward kinematics or a complex pipeline that includes several deep neural networks. We situate our work in the area of applying advances in vision to the HAR field. More recently vision has been shown to be successful for both labeling and knowledge transfer in mobile sensor-based HAR [39], indicating that there are many benefits in using video information too for HAR and many cases where it can aid in data acquisition.
# Analysis of the Channel Influence to Power Line Communications Based on ITU-T G.9904 (PRIME)
## 6 Results  
The following figures relate FER and SNR values for different channel parameter values and/or modulation schemes.
## 5 Local Pre-Rerouting Algorithm
### Algorithm Iteration  
Since we use the virtual topology strategy as the topology generation strategy, and the sun outage is likely to span two virtual topology cycles, we can similarly perform routing calculations in advance before the virtual topology switching. The idea behind the iterative algorithm is similar to that for the routing algorithm before the sun outage occurs. Since the traffic affected by sun outage is forwarded according to the path, this part of the traffic can be easily distinguished from other traffic. We need to collect statistics on this part of the traffic before topology switching. The difference is that the nodes that count this part of the traffic are no longer the nodes connected to the failed link, but the source nodes of these services. In addition, among the link loads in the limited area, the portion forwarded according to the routing table also needs to be counted. The above routing information is collected by the node connected to the failed link. This node performs route calculation before topology switching and sends the new path to the source node of the services. In the iterative algorithm, the topology used to calculate the three alternative paths is the virtual topology of the next topology cycle. Figure 8 shows the overall flow of the algorithm.
## 1 Introduction
[15] instead divided the sintering mechanism of Cu doped GDC into two steps: (i) at 900-1000 \({}^{\circ}\)C, rapid densification for the liquid phase sintering process; (ii) at 1100-1200 \({}^{\circ}\)C, grain coarsening, related with a slight reduction in the total density due the evaporation-condensation sintering process. The authors found a conductivity of 0.026 S-cm\({}^{-1}\) at 600 \({}^{\circ}\)C by doping with 1 at.% of copper precursor after sintering at 1100 \({}^{\circ}\)C. [PERSON] et al. [17] evaluated the effect of gadolinium composition on the microstructure, densification, and electrochemical properties of ceria based electrolytes co-doped with 1 mol% of CuO. The best composition Ce\({}_{0.84}\)Gd\({}_{0.15}\)Cu\({}_{0.01}\)O\({}_{2\text{-}5}\) sintered at 1050 \({}^{\circ}\)C had a total conductivity of \(7.81\times 10^{-3}\) S-cm\({}^{-1}\) at 600 \({}^{\circ}\)C. According to the literature background, many studies have been established in the field of copper doped GDC electrolytes, reported here [15; 18; 19; 20; 21; 22]. However, most of these researches concern the development of the traditionalSintering aids were added to commercial or synthesized electrolytes powders with mechanical reactions which requires a long milling period with solvents to ensure homogenization. Additional polishing steps to remove the contaminants added during milling are also often required before calcination and the inclusion of dispersants during compaction of the pellets can be a supplementary stage in the electrolyte preparation. In this scenario, this work purposes to evaluate the effect of copper precursor on the microstructure, densification, and ionic conductivity of Ce\({}_{0.8}\)Gd\({}_{0.2}\)O\({}_{1.9}\) by mean a very simple and fast reproducible synthesis procedure as sol-gel combustion synthesis. During synthesis, all starting precursors are added directly in one stage. Sol-gel reaction encourages the molecular, and not mechanical, mixing of all reagents with the consequent reduction of the reaction times and the fabrication of sinterable powders. After synthesis, only the calcination stage was performed and no other additives, such as organic binders or dispersants, were used in pellet formation to elude contamination or extra porosity. Sintering behavior was studied by dilatometer analysis in the temperature range of 1000-1200 \({}^{\circ}\)C to fix the appropriate temperature and avoid the segregation of copper at the grain boundary. This study is the starting point to the optimization of the fabrication process of the anode-supported cells where the electrolyte should be densified even if the firing temperature is less than 1500 \({}^{\circ}\)C to prevent the additional and unwanted densification of the supporting anode substrate. For these reasons,the electrochemical properties were evaluated in the range of 200-800 \({}^{\circ}\)C by impedance spectroscopy after the identification of the best sintering temperature.
## 7 Applications in SDN-based VANETs  
### Remote Video Analysis and Initial Assessment  
The conventional rescue approach sends a crisis vehicle at whatever point a guide demand is received with no first appraisal of the mishap scene. The crisis vehicles attempt to land at the mishap point within the shortest time possible. Conventional salvage approaches do not consider any examination and exhortation of a location to see how basic is the mishap, which does not maintain a strategic distance from more harms and impacts, and furthermore for expelling the harmed people from the vehicle appropriately [132]. It is sensible to use sensors accessible in the vehicle to accumulate mishap related data and forward it to the closest salvage focus. In addition, a continuous video can be recovered and spread to the salvage focus, which can have precise direct data to assess the mishap dependent on visual data. Along these lines, it is conceivable to set up an effective salvage, and tell the appropriate specialists and gadgets to advance treatment [133].
# Nondestructive Monitoring Techniques for Crack Detection and Localization in RC Elements
## 1 Introduction
[19] applied a global FOS setup for AE-based damage detection in concrete elements. This line-integrating technique did not allow AE source location--carried out in that experiment through concurrent application of PZT transducers--but it has the potential for AE detection in large structures of interest to civil engineering. Here, AE-based local damage detection through a PZT sensor network is coupled with a FOS setup for global strain mapping. FOSs act as a distributed sensor network to be interrogated at different points along the fiber length. Local and global methods are herein coupled through a digital image correlation (DIC)-based strain localization covering an intermediate-sized area. Hence, DIC-based strain data is herein used to reduce uncertainty on the FOS-based strain field description. The integrated SHM system has been implemented in an RC beam specimen subjected to a four-points loading test to monitor the state of cracking in terms of initiation and the thickness propagation. The outcomes of the integrated AE and FOS monitoring systems are confirmed by comparison with the final crack pattern. At different loading steps, digital image correlation (DIC) analysis was also conducted in specific areas of the beam specimen to reconstruct the strain field. A numerical model has been implemented to investigate the mechanical behavior of the beam up to collapse and to confirm the monitoring outcomes. The following sections describe the methodology and the SHM systems; then, the laboratory specimen and setup are discussed. Finally, the results and the conclusive remarks are presented.
## 3 Results
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Immersion Solution** & \multicolumn{6}{c}{**Immersion Time (Days)**} \\ \cline{2-9}  & **O** & **10** & **15** & **20** & **30** & **45** & **60** & **90** \\ \hline \multicolumn{9}{c}{**Carbon Laminates**} \\ \hline Diesel & 6.6 (0.1) & - & 7.6 (0.2) & - & 7.8 (0.1) & 8.0 (0.2) & - & - \\ \hline H\({}_{2}\)SO & 6.6 (0.1) & 7.5 (0.3) & - & 7.8 (0.2) & 8.0 (0.4) & - & - & - \\ \hline HCl & 6.6 (0.1) & 7.6 (0.5) & - & 7.9 (0.2) & 8.2 (0.3) & - & - & - \\ \hline NaOH & 6.6 (0.1) & 7.7 (0.1) & - & 8.1 (0.1) & 8.4 (0.2) & - & - & - \\ \hline Distilled water & 6.6 (0.1) & - & 7.6 (0.2) & - & 7.9 (0.3) & - & 8.3 (0.1) & 8.4 (0.5) \\ \hline Seawater & 6.6 (0.1) & - & 7.4 (0.1) & - & 7.7 (0.4) & - & 8.1 (0.1) & 8.3 (0.4) \\ \hline Seawater at 60 \({}^{\circ}\)C & 6.6 (0.1) & - & 8.2 (0.3) & - & 8.6 (0.3) & 9.1 (0.4) & - & - \\ \hline \multicolumn{9}{c}{**Carbon Laminates with Cork**} \\ \hline Diesel & 8.8 (0.3) & - & 9.4 (0.2) & - & 9.6 (0.4) & 9.8 (0.3) & - & - \\ \hline H\({}_{2}\)SO & 8.8 (0.3) & 9.0 (0.4) & - & 9.1 (0.6) & 9.2 (0.5) & - & - & - \\ \hline HCl & 8.8 (0.3) & 9.6 (0.3) & - & 9.6 (0.2) & 9.5 (0.3) & - & - & - \\ \hline NaOH & 8.8 (0.3) & 9.4 (0.1) & - & 9.8 (0.2) & 10.1 (0.2) & - & - & - \\ \hline Distilled water & 8.8 (0.3) & - & 10.1 (0.4) & - & 10.0 (0.3) & - & 10.1 (0.2) & 10.2 (0.2) \\ \hline Seawater & 8.8 (0.3) & - & 9.1 (0.1) & - & 9.0 (0.4) & - & 9.2 (0.2) & 9.4 (0.2) \\ \hline Seawater at 60 \({}^{\circ}\)C & 8.8 (0.3) & - & 9.0 (0.2) & - & 9.1 (0.3) & 9.2 (0.3) & - & - \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 5: Maximum displacement obtained for different harsh solutions and immersion time (values in mm). the impact, the cell walls bend and buckle, which also explains the higher values observed for these laminates. Finally, based on the previous discussion, and as will be expected, the restored energy decreases as shown in Figure 6. Each result was divided by the respective value obtained with the control specimens (not immersed) and Table 7 summarizes all the average values found and respective standard deviations. Table 8 shows the effect of the different solutions, comparing the restored energy obtained after 30 days of exposure with those found for the control samples. Both laminates are very sensitive to exposure to all studied solutions, but as noted for maximum impact load, laminates with neat resin show higher sensitivity. As previously reported, cork is impermeable to liquids and practically impermeable to gases [23; 57; 58] and consequently, when introduced into the matrix, it acts as an impermeable agent and retards the diffusion that occurs between the cork-matrix interface due to a longer and tortuous path caused by the presence of cork particles. This, for example, explains the lower values observed in Table 8 for laminates with matrix filled with cork. Similar benefits