## 1 Introduction
### Membrane Proteins of Gram-Negative Bacterium Species
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c} \hline \hline
**Species** & **Concluding Analysis** & \begin{tabular}{c} **Membrane** \\ **Proteins/Channels/Porins** \\ \end{tabular} \\ \hline _Escherichia coli_ & Reported the influence of divalent cationic ions concerning the pH sensitivity & OmpF \\  & of membrane channel via causing the pK(a) shift of chief acidic residues [59]. & OmpF \\ \hline _Escherichia coli_ & Reported the process of selectivity inversion in the membrane protein [60]. & OmpF \\ \hline _Escherichia coli_ & Reported insights into the diffusion route of ciprofloxacin across the outer membrane porin, which is crucial for developing effective antibiotics against & OmpC \\  & Gram-negative bacteria [61]. & OmpG \\ \hline _Escherichia coli_ & Reported the recombinant type of the membrane channel and revealed the & OmpG \\  & monomeric nature of the membrane channel [62]. & OmpG \\ \hline _Escherichia coli_ & Reported crystal structure (X-ray) of the membrane channel [63]. & OmpG \\ \hline _Escherichia coli_ & Reported membrane channel crystal structure in different dimensions [64]. & OmpG \\ \hline _Escherichia coli_ & Reported the folding mechanism of the membrane channel in & OmpG \\  & detergent solution [65]. & OmpG \\ \hline _Escherichia coli_ & & OmpA, Omp-ECB \\  & _humanni_ & \
\begin{tabular}{c} HMP-AB \\ **measured penetration rates for different \(\beta\)-lactams ampicillin, cephalexin,** \\ **cofuroxime, cefotaxime, ceftazidine, and ceftaxone [46]. \\ **damsela Serratia** \\ _liquidaciens_ \\ \end{tabular} &
\begin{tabular}{c} OmpA, Omp-ECB \\ **HMP-AB** \\ **HMP-PA** \\ **Omp-PD** \\ **Omp-SL** \\ \end{tabular} \\ \hline _Escherichia coli_ & Reported different binding regions of membrane proteins [66]. & OmpA \\ \hline _Escherichia coli_ & Reported the function of outer membrane proteins in stress survival [67]. & OmpA \\ \hline _Escherichia coli_ & Reported the crystal structure of membrane proteins and further explained & OmpX \\  & possible virulence mechanisms [68]. & FhuA \\ \hline _Escherichia coli_ & Explored the outer membrane protein behavior and explained the impact of & FhuA \\  & channel expansion [69]. & FhuA \\ \hline _Escherichia coli_ & Showed transfer of DNA via membrane proteins [70]. & FhuA \\ \hline _Escherichia coli_ & Examined structural parameters of membrane proteins [71]. & FhuA \\ \hline _Escherichia coli_ & Reported different structural elements and the interface of proteins and protein subdomains also exhibited the role of the membrane proteins in uptake [72]. & FhuA, \\ \hline _Escherichia coli_ & Studied and demonstrated effective transport of the ferrichrome complex & FhuA \\  & through the membrane [73]. & FhuA \\ \hline _Escherichia coli_ & Studied and demonstrated antibiotic uptake (norfloxacin, ciprofloxacin, and & \\  & enoxacin) and showed the electroosmotic flow/electrophoretic force’s & OmpF \\  & involvement in transport/translocation [74]. & \\ \hline _Escherichia coli_ & Studied kanamycin uptake effectively facilitated by membrane channels [75]. & OmpF, OmpC \\ \hline _Escherichia coli_ & Studied fosfomycin transport and uptake via outer membrane porin [76]. & OmpF \\ \hline _Escherichia coli_ & Demonstrated the movement of cephalosporin through the channels [38]. & OmpF, OmpC \\ \hline _Escherichia coli_ & Studied and showed for the first time and determined the transport of charged & \\  & molecules sulbactam/tazobactam/aviactam \(\beta\)-lactamase inhibitors [40]. & OmpF \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{_Escherichia coli_} & Measured transport for the first-time using membrane pore innate ion & \\  & selectivity, employed for charged inhibitors/molecules, & \\ \cline{1-1}  & sulbactam/tazobactam/avibactam \(\beta\)-lactamase inhibitors, respectively, using & \\ \cline{1-1}  & novel electrophysiology zero-current/reversal-potential assay [37]. & \\ \hline _Escherichia coli_ & Examined the permeability of carbapenems through membrane channels from & \\ \cline{1-1}  & distinctive clinical isolates [77]. & OmpC \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}