# Proposing a SX Model with Cultural Factors
## 4 Analysis of Cultural Aspects in the SX Dimensions
### Masculinity vs. Femininity (MAS) and Student eXperience
This is in view of the desire for a challenging educational environment, desire for personal growth, and academic recognition. Students' emotions are directly related to assertive behavior and/or modest behavior. The relationship with the environment, not necessarily educational, is conditioned to the two behaviors mentioned. 4.4. Uncertainty Avoidance (UA) and Student eXperience  
The fourth cultural dimension of [PERSON]'s model is related to the uncertainty avoidance (UA) of people in a society. He defines uncertainty avoidance as \"the extent to which the members of a culture feel threatened by ambiguous or unknown situations.\" This dimension is related to the feeling of nervous stress, which can be associated with a need for written (and unwritten) rules that reduce ambiguity in a particular context. The Uncertainty Avoidance Index (UAI) provides a value for the degree to which individuals perceive ambiguous or unknown situations. A UAI of 0 is related to the weakest uncertainty avoidance per country, versus 100 for the strongest. It is important to analyze uncertainty avoidance in relation to students, mainly because this cultural dimension is strongly linked to the feeling of anxiety and stress. This is evidenced by the correlation observed between [PERSON]'s country anxiety scores and the UAI scores found by [PERSON] [29; 47]. In addition, it was observed that, in countries with weak UAI, anxiety levels are relatively low. Otherwise, in countries with strong UAI, the level of stress experienced is high, which usually leads to adverse mood states and psychological problems such as anxiety and depression [48]. This cultural dimension transversally affects all the dimensions of the SX, because in any of them the students can feel threatened by ambiguous or unknown situations. Even so, [PERSON] observed certain characteristics of this dimension in the educational environment. Although this was not observed in HEI but in summer schools, it can be extended to this educational level. He observed that students from strong uncertainty avoidance countries expect their professors to be \"experts who have all the answers.\" A relationship of UA was also observed with the clarity of the teachers when communicating, the approaches when evaluating the students, and the attribution of their own merit by the students. Ultimately, UA is present in all dimensions of the SX. 4.5. Long-Term vs. Short-Term Orientation (LTO) and Student eXperience  
The dimensions defined by [PERSON] include some that were not detected in his initial work. An example of this is the Long-Term Orientation (LTO) dimension that originated from the contrast of its cultural dimensions with those obtained after the development of the Chinese Value Survey (CVS) [29]. As a result of the development of the CVS, four dimensions were detected, of which three had a correlative dimension in the proposed [PERSON] model. The LTO dimension was included as a fifth cultural dimension by [PERSON], who considered it relevant and not correlating with the uncertainty avoidance dimension. In his formal definition, he said that \"long-term orientation stands for the fostering of virtues oriented toward future rewards in particular, perseverance and thrift. Its opposite pole, short-term orientation, stands for the fostering of virtues related to the past and present respect for tradition, preservation of 'face', and fulfilling social obligations\". The LTO refers, like the aforementioned dimensions, to two opposite value poles. On the one hand we have the values of (1) persistence/perseverance, (2) thrift, (3) ordering relationships by status and observing this order, and (4) having a sense of shame. At the opposite pole we have the values of (5) reciprocation of greetings, favors, and gifts, (6) respect for tradition, (7) protecting one's \"face,\" and (8) personal steadiness and stability. The value contrast between the opposite poles of LTO is important.