## 3 Results
### Seasonal Effects of Soil Temperature and Soil Water Content on Soil CO\({}_{2}\) Efflux
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Years** & **Seasons** & **Woodland** & **Rs (\(\mu\)mol CO\({}_{2}\) m\({}^{-2}\) s\({}^{-1}\))** & **Q\({}_{10}\)** & **Ts (\({}^{\circ}\)C)** & **Sw (\%)** \\ \hline \multirow{6}{*}{2016} & Spring & Young woodland & Rs \(=1.68\)\(\rho^{0.28\times(\frac{n}{B})}\) & 1.30 & \(13.7\pm 1.3\)\({}^{\rm A}\) & 9.0 \(\pm\) 0.5 \({}^{\rm A}\) \\  & & Mature woodland & Rs \(=1.68\)\(\rho^{0.26\times(\frac{n}{B})}\) & 1.30 & \(13.1\pm 0.9\)\({}^{\rm A}\) & 7.4 \(\pm\) 0.4 \({}^{\rm B}\) \\ \cline{2-6}  & Summer & Young woodland & Rs \(=1.49\)\(Sv^{0.60}\) & - & \(23.4\pm 1.6\)\({}^{\rm A}\) & 2.2 \(\pm\) 0.1 \({}^{\rm A}\) \\  & & Mature woodland & Rs \(=1.49\) & - & \(24.4\pm 2.4\)\({}^{\rm A}\) & 1.7 \(\pm\) 0.1 \({}^{\rm B}\) \\ \cline{2-6}  & Autumn & Young woodland & Rs \(=1.09\) & - & \(10.4\pm 2.0\)\({}^{\rm A}\) & 13.2 \(\pm\) 1.0 \({}^{\rm A}\) \\  & & Mature woodland & Rs \(=1.09\) & - & \(10.6\pm 2.3\)\({}^{\rm A}\) & 9.2 \(\pm\) 0.8 \({}^{\rm B}\) \\ \cline{2-6}  & Yearly (2016) & Young woodland & Rs \(=1.59\)\(\rho^{0.21\times(\frac{n}{B})}\) & 1.23 & \(15.3\pm 1.1\)\({}^{\rm A}\) & 8.3 \(\pm\) 0.7 \({}^{\rm A}\) \\  & & Mature woodland & Rs \(=1.59\)\(\rho^{0.21\times(\frac{n}{B})}\) & - & \(15.2\pm 0.8\)\({}^{\rm A}\) & 6.5 \(\pm\) 0.5 \({}^{\rm B}\) \\ \hline \multirow{6}{*}{2017} & Spring & Young woodland & Rs \(=1.23\)\(\rho^{0.23\times(\frac{n}{B})}\) & \(Sv^{0.11}\) & 1.26 \({}^{\rm*}\) & 19.1 \(\pm\) 1.9 \({}^{\rm A}\) & 7.8 \(\pm\) 0.5 \({}^{\rm A}\) \\  & & Mature woodland & Rs \(=1.23\)\(\rho^{0.23\times(\frac{n}{B})}\) & 1.26 & \(15.8\pm 1.3\)\({}^{\rm A}\) & 5.4 \(\pm\) 0.3 \({}^{\rm B}\) \\ \cline{2-6}  & Summer & Young woodland & Rs \(=1.73\) & - & \(27.8\pm 1.6\)\({}^{\rm A}\) & 1.7 \(\pm\) 0.2 \({}^{\rm A}\) \\  & & Mature woodland & Rs \(=1.19\) & - & \(24.3\pm 1.1\)\({}^{\rm A}\) & 0.9 \(\pm\) 0.1 \({}^{\rm B}\) \\ \cline{2-6}  & & & & & & \\ \cline{2-6}  & Autumn & Young woodland & Rs \(=1.44\) & - & \(11.1\pm 0.7\)\({}^{\rm A}\) & 13.7 \(\pm\) 0.5 \({}^{\rm A}\) \\  & & Mature woodland & Rs \(=1.44\) & - & \(12.0\pm 0.5\)\({}^{\rm A}\) & 10.6 \(\pm\) 0.4 \({}^{\rm B}\) \\ \cline{2-6}  & Yearly (2017) & Young woodland & Rs \(=1.03\)\(\rho^{0.36\times(\frac{n}{B})}\) & 1.43 & \(14.1\pm 1.8\)\({}^{\rm A}\) & 13.0 \(\pm\) 1.7 \({}^{\rm A}\) \\  & & Mature woodland & Rs \(=1.03\)\(\rho^{0.20\times(\frac{n}{B})}\) & 1.22 & \(12.4\pm 1.3\)\({}^{\rm A}\) & 10.8 \(\pm\) 1.2 \({}^{\rm A}\) \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{2018} & Winter & Young woodland & Rs \(=0.64\) & - & \(1.4\pm 0.9\)\({}^{\rm A}\) & 25.2 \(\pm\) 0.7 \({}^{\rm A}\) \\  & Mature woodland & Rs \(=0.64\) & - & \(1.6\pm 0.6\)\({}^{\rm A}\) & 23.8 \(\pm\) 0.5 \({}^{\rm A}\) \\ \cline{2-6}  & Spring & Young woodland & Rs \(=0.01\)\(\rho^{0.87\times(\frac{n}{B})}\) & \(Sv^{0.10}\) & 2.39 \({}^{\rm*}\) & 18.2 \(\pm\) 2.5 \({}^{\rm A}\) & 26.7 \(\pm\) 1.0 \({}^{\rm A}\) \\  & & Mature woodland & Rs \(=0.01\)\(\rho^{0.87\times(\frac{n}{B})}\) & \(Sv^{0.10}\) & 2.39 \({}^{\rm*}\) & 16.8 \(\pm\) 1.8 \({}^{\rm A}\) & 27.2 \(\pm\) 0.7 \({}^{\rm A}\) \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{2016–2018} & All data & Young woodland & Rs \(=1.17\)\(\rho^{0.34\times(\frac{n}{B})}\) & 1.40 & 14.3 \(\pm\) 0.7 \({}^{\rm A}\) & 12.5 \(\pm\) 1.1 \({}^{\rm A}\) \\  & pooled & Mature woodland & Rs \(=1.17\)\(\rho^{0.18\times(\frac{n}{B})}\) & 1.20 & \(15.2\pm 1.0\)\({}^{\rm A}\) & 10.7 \(\pm\) 0.7 \({}^{\rm A}\) \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 4: Fitted models for each woodland type and season period. The values of the temperature coefficient, Q\({}_{10}\), were calculated when the exponential relationship between soil respiration (Rs) and soil temperature (Ts) was significant (Model 2). In this case, Q\({}_{10}\) was calculated by applying: Q\({}_{10}=e^{(\alpha+\alpha^{\prime}\)W) (\(\alpha\) for mature woodland, and \(\alpha+\alpha^{\prime}\) for young woodland, if W was significant). *: Q\({}_{10}\) coefficient depends on soil water.