## 1 Introduction  
Since the beginning of the industrial revolution, there has been a significant increase in the importance placed on technology in terms of both output and growth [1, 2, 3]. This trend is expected to continue. According to [PERSON] and [PERSON]'s research from 2020 [4], technological advances in machines have supplanted laborious and manual tasks, hence contributing to the progression of human growth. In a variety of industries, people can now replace manual labor with greater mental abilities and cognitive levels thanks to artificial intelligence (AI), a crucial technical advancement [5, 6]. Beyond the assistance that machines provide for physical labor, AI is an important technological development that has allowed people to replace manual labor with more complex mental and intellectual levels [7, 8]. AI is a field of study in science and technology that aims to make it possible for intelligent computers and computer programs to do tasks that have historically been deemed to require human intelligence. As a result, one of the most appealing aspects of AI is the fact that it can carry out a wide variety of tasks that humans are capable of, learn from previous experiences, and adjust to novel inputs and settings [4, 9]. AI uses pertinent information sources in order to achieve improved performance for a range of different activities. Over the past few years, AI has made rapid advancements and has been deployed to provide many benefits across a variety of industries, including the essential healthcare industry [10; 11; 12]. One of the industries that has greatly benefited from AI is the healthcare industry. AI has presently electronically changed the medical system into an automated version in numerous domains. As a result, in some programs, humans are presently only needed to carry out essential duties in medical practice, such as handling patients and medical resources [13; 14; 15], rendering complex processes to be handled by or dependent on AI components. AI-based healthcare systems are fast evolving, especially for early detection and diagnostic applications [15; 16; 17; 18]. As a result of these advancements, AI is now capable of doing activities that people are often unable to complete with the same speed, simplicity, reliability, and diligence that AI can provide at a lower cost [19; 20]. According to [PERSON] et al. [21], technical progress made possible by the digitization of healthcare can help overcome extra problems if developers of information systems (IS) are able to successfully create AI systems to carry out certain jobs [22]. For instance, AI has the potential to greatly improve patient care as well as reducing costs associated with healthcare [17; 23; 24]. The ever-increasing human population is projected to raise the demand for medical services to be given at a rapid pace; hence, innovative AI solutions are required in the medical sector in order to increase both efficacy and effectiveness without a corresponding rise in expenses [25; 26]. In this particular domain, AI continues to play a pioneering role in providing novel solutions [13; 27]. Recent rapid technological breakthroughs, in particular in the field of AI, have already aided the management of the growth of the medical sector. Recent AI technologies include big data, algorithms for learning applications, and robots. These technologies are used in the healthcare business to track, identify, and assess hazards as well as advantages [28; 29; 30]. The healthcare industry places a significant emphasis on medical data and analytics as a means to strengthen processes and make the administration of medical services more straightforward. In recent years, the amount of medical data that has been obtained as well as their dimensions have increased at an exponential rate. For instance, healthcare providers, scientists, and healthcare consumers create enormous quantities of data from multiple monitoring devices which people are growing to utilize in ordinary situations aside from the need for medical attention [31; 32; 33].