## 2 Materials and Methods
### ANN Implementation
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c} \hline \hline \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Measurement Equipment**} \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{Outdoor} & \multirow{2}{*}{Pressure (_HD32.7_)} & Measurement range: 800–1100 hPa \(\pm\) 0.5 hPa (20 \({}^{\circ}\)C) \\ \cline{3-3}  & & Operating limit: –5–\(\pm\) 50 \({}^{\circ}\)C \\ \cline{3-3}  & & Measurement range: 0.05–5 m/s \\ \cline{3-3}  & & \(-\)0.05–1 m/s: \(\pm\) 0.05 m/s \\ \cline{3-3}  & & \(-\)1–5 m/s: \(\pm\) 0.15 m/s \\ \cline{3-3}  & & Operating limit: 0–\(\pm\)80 \({}^{\circ}\)C \\ \cline{3-3}  & Air Temperature and Relative & Measurement range: –40/+85 \({}^{\circ}\)C \(\pm\) 0.4 \({}^{\circ}\)C /100\(\%\)\(\pm\) 3.0\(\%\) \\ \cline{3-3}  & Humidity (TinyTag) & Sensitivity: 0.01 \({}^{\circ}\)C \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{Psychrometric probe (ESU102)} & Measurement range: –5–\(\pm\)60 \({}^{\circ}\)C \(\pm\) 0.10 \({}^{\circ}\)C (0 \({}^{\circ}\)C) \\ \cline{3-3}  & Measurement range: 0%–100\(\%\)\(\pm\) 2\(\%\) (15–45 \({}^{\circ}\)C) \\ \cline{3-3}  & & Operating limit: 0–\(\pm\)60 \({}^{\circ}\)C \\ \cline{3-3}  & Floor and ankle temperature & Measurement range: 0.01 \(\pm\) 0.15 \({}^{\circ}\)C (0 \({}^{\circ}\)C) \\ \cline{3-3}  & & Operating limit: –40–\(\pm\)80 \({}^{\circ}\)C \\ \cline{3-3}  & & Measurement range: 800–1100 hPa \(\pm\) 1 hPa (20 \({}^{\circ}\)C) \\ \cline{3-3}  & & Operating limit: –40–\(\pm\)85 \({}^{\circ}\)C \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{Arí velocity (Hot wire anemometer BSV105)} & Measurement range: 0–20 m/s \\ \cline{3-3}  & & \(-\)0–0.5 m/s: \(\pm\) 0.05 m/s \\ \cline{3-3}  & & \(-\)0–5.15 m/s: \(\pm\) 0.10 m/s \\ \cline{3-3}  & & \(-\)\(\sim\)1.5 m/s: 4\(\%\) (10–30 \({}^{\circ}\)C) \\ \cline{3-3}  & & Operating limit: –30–\(\pm\)200 \({}^{\circ}\)C \\ \cline{3-3}  & & Measurement range: 0–3000 ppm \(\pm\) (50 ppm +2\(\%\)) \\ \cline{3-3}  & & Operating limit: –20–\(\pm\)60 \({}^{\circ}\)C, 5–95 UR\% \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{Indoor} & Detection Limits \\ \cline{3-3}  & & WCOT columns: 1 ppm \\ \cline{3-3}  & & Micro-packed columns: 10 ppm \\ \cline{3-3}  & & Operating Range \\ \cline{3-3}  & & Concentration: 1 ppm to 100\% level \\ \cline{3-3}  & & Linear dynamic range: 106 \\ \cline{3-3}  & & Repeatability: \(<\)0.5\% RSD for propane at 1 mol\% level for WCOT columns at constant temperature and pressure \\ \cline{3-3}  & & Carrier Gas \\ \cline{3-3}  & & He, H\({}_{2}\), N\({}_{2}\) or Ar: 550 \(\pm\) 10 kPa (80 \(\pm\) 1.5 psig) input \\ \cline{3-3}  & and TCD) & Inlet connection: 3.2 mm (1/8 in.) stainless steel \\ \cline{3-3}  & & compression fitting \\ \hline \multicolumn{2}{c}{Sampling} \\ \hline \multicolumn{2}{c}{Sample inlet: 1.6 mm (1/16 in.) stainless steel Valco® fitting} \\ \multicolumn{2}{c}{with replaceable 5 \(\mu\)m stainless steel filter} \\ \hline \multicolumn{2}{c}{Sample conditions: noncondensing gas of 0 \({}^{\circ}\)C to 40 \({}^{\circ}\)C} \\ \hline \multicolumn{2}{c}{Maximum sample input pressure: 200 kPa (29 psig)} \\ \hline \multicolumn{2}{c}{Optional separate sample inlet in front or back} \\ \hline \multicolumn{2}{c}{Environmental Requirements} \\ \hline \multicolumn{2}{c}{Relative Humidity: 0\% to 95\% non-condensing} \\ \hline \multicolumn{2}{c}{Temperature: 0 to 50 \({}^{\circ}\)C} \\ \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 3: Experimental facility and accuracy of equipment. * Difference between indoor and outdoor air temperature (\(\Delta\)T);
* Difference between indoor and outdoor air velocity (\(\Delta\)v);
* Difference between indoor and outdoor air relative humidity (\(\Delta\)RH);
* Difference between indoor and outdoor air pressure (\(\Delta\)P);
* Usable floor area of the case studies (\(\text{A}_{\text{floor}}\));
* Net volume of the case studies (\(\text{V}_{\text{net}}\));
* Opening area of the environment (window and door);
* Perimeter of the opening surfaces (window and door);
* Airtightness class of the window (Class);
* CO\({}_{2}\) gas injection step by step (\(\text{CO}_{\text{2 supply}}\)).