# High-Gain Multi-Band Koch Fractal FSS Antenna for Sub-6 GHz Applications
## 4 Conclusions
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Ref.** & \(\mathbf{f_{t}}\) & **Antenna Size** & **M** & **UC and FSS Size** & **H** & \(\mathbf{f_{6}}\) & **BW** & \(\mathbf{f_{t}-f_{th}}\) & **G\({}_{\text{Enhom. (dBi)}}\)** & **Cost** \\
**[Year]** & **(GHz)** & **(mm\({}^{3}\))** & & **(mm\({}^{3}\))** & **(mm)** & **(GHz)** & **(GHz)** & **(GHz)** & **(dBi)** & **Cost** \\ \hline
[43] & 3.53, & \(105\times\) & \(-1661.95\%\) & \(15\times 25\times 1.6\) & & & & & \\ [PERSON] et al. & 2019 & 6.2 & \(175\times\) & (size increased) & \(105\times 175\times 1.6\) & 49 & 3.5 & 3.48-3.65 & 13.3 & Low \\  & & 1.6 & & (FPSS) & & & & 5.75-6.37 & 13.90 & Low \\ \hline
[44] Peddak- & \multirow{2}{*}{5.2} & 50 & \(7.02\times 7.02\times 1.6\) & & & & & & \\ kina and [PERSON], & & \(\times 50\) & (size increased) & \(10\times 10\) & & & & & \\ [PERSON], & & \(\times 1.6\) & & & & & & & \\  & & & \(50\times 50\times 1.6\) (FSS) & & & & & & \\ \hline
[45] & \multirow{2}{*}{5.6} & 106 & 0\% & \(24\times 24\times 1.6\) & & & & & \\ [PERSON] et al., & \(\times 106\) & \(\times 106\) & (not & \(106\times 106\times 1.6\) & 33 & 5.5 & 5.3-6.3 & 4.7 to 9.8 & Low \\
2014 & & \(\times 1.6\) & miniaturized) & (PSS) & & & & & \\ \hline
[46] & \multirow{2}{*}{5.8} & 140 \(\times\) & 0\% & \(46.5\times 46.5\times 0.127\) & 25 & & & & \\ [PERSON] & & \(140\times\) & (not & \(140\times 10.27\) & (above & 6.0 & 5.7-6.2 & 5.3 to 12.0 & High \\ et al., 2016 & & 1.57 & miniaturized) & (PSS) & patch) & & & & \\ \hline
[47] & \multirow{2}{*}{5.8} & 6.0, 9.05, & \multirow{2}{*}{21.13 \(\times\) 24.81 \(\times\)} & \multirow{2}{*}{(size increased)} & 21.13 \(\times\) 24.81 & 6.4 & & 6.43-6.72 & & \\ [PERSON] and [PERSON], & & \(11.56\) & 1.6 & (size increased) & \(\times\) 1.6 & (FPSS) & 6.0 & 8.85-93.3 & 5.25 to 8.49 & Low \\ [PERSON], & 2024 & & \(16.8\times\) & 0\% & \(32.2\times 26.72\times\) & 2.0 & & 3.56-6.43, & & \\ Anand and Nath, & 2024 & & \(5.76\) & 26.72 \(\times\) & (not & \(1.6\)(FPSS) & (above & 5.0 & 5.17-6.22 & 4.22 to 8.98 & Low \\ [PERSON], & 2024 & & \(7.64\) & 1.6 & miniaturized) & 1.6(FPSS) & & & & \\ \hline
[49] Ara and Nuna, & & \(49\times 49\times\) & \(-109.13\%\) & \(49\times 49\times\) & 5.0 & & & & \\ Nuna, & 2024 & & \(1.588\) & (size increased) & \(1.588\) (PSS) & (below & 5.8 & 3.91-6.44 & 4.41 to 8.99 & Medium \\ \hline
[50] & \multirow{2}{*}{5.89} & 50 \(\times\) 28 & 0\% & \(102\times 102\times\) & 40 & & & & \\ [PERSON] et al. & 2023 & & Polyimide & (not & \(1.588\) (PSS) & 40 & & & \\  & & (PI)substrate & miniaturized) & \(1.588\) (PSS) & (below & 2.4 & 2.18-2.90 & 3 to 8.31 & Medium \\ \hline
[51] & \multirow{2}{*}{5.89} & 49 \(\times\) 49 \(\times\) & \(-83.2\%\) & 49 \(\times\) 49 \(\times\) & 6.4 & & & & \\ Ara and Nuna, & 2023 & & \(1.588\) & (size increased) & \(1.588\) (PSS) & (below & 5.8 & 3.91-6.44 & 2.87 to 7.76 & Medium \\ \hline Proposed & \multirow{2}{*}{3.62} & 35.94 & \multirow{2}{*}{Miniaturized} & 5\(\times\) 5 & \multirow{2}{*}{(below & 3.5 & 2.87–4.62 & & \\ Work & 7.82 & \(\times\) 38.97 & (36.67\%) & 35.94 \(\times\) 33.96 \(\times\) 1.6 & & & & & \\  & 10.58 & \(\times\) 1.6 & & (PSS) & patch) & & & & \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 7: _Cont._and artificial magnetic conductors (AMC) for the enhancement of the bandwidth and gain over a wide range. A.V. and D.N.G. were fully responsible for the performance of this research work. Conceptualization, A.V. and D.N.G. ; methodology, A.V. and D.N.G. ; software, A.V. and D.N.G. ; validation, A.V. and D.N.G. ; formal analysis, A.V. and D.N.G. ; investigation, A.V. and D.N.G. ; resources, D.N.G. ; data curation, A.V. ; writing--original draft preparation, A.V. and D.N.G. ; writing--review and editing, A.V. and D.N.G. ; visualization, A.V. and D.N.G. ; funding acquisition, A.V. and D.N.G. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript. This research received no external funding. Not applicable as this research work did not involve humans or animals. Not applicable.