## 7 BIM-Based Research Framework  
In this section, strategies to mitigate the BIM implementation barriers, namely \"unavailability of standards and guidelines\", \"lack of BIM training\", \"lack of expertise\", \"high cost\", and \"lack of research and BIM implementation\" were developed with the aid of the BIM-based research framework. This framework consists of two layers, namely the outer layer and the inner layer. The inner layer consists of barriers, while the outer layer, called the \"mitigation layer\", consists of strategies to overcome barriers. The strategy to address the \"unavailability of standards and guidelines\" focused on the proper development of the BIM guidance plan and a positive attitude towards the learning environment. In developing countries, there is a lack of sound guidelines for sustainable building projects, which leads to cost overruns, delays, and waste. There is a need to establish a BIM guidance plan that can encourage and enhance the efficiency of sustainable construction, such as that in developing countries. It is important for owners to draw up a BIM execution plan during the pre-operation process. In addition, the strategy to reduce the \"lack of BIM training\" barrier is to strengthen BIM courses (linking with academia), seminars, and workshops. It is the liability of the professional bodies to control and track the essential eyes of construction stakeholders and organizations. Training should begin by educating workers on the relevance and usefulness of technology. Employee information on BIM technological innovation can be measured by a written analysis, such as an exit survey. These conclusions are based on responses such as \"I think that recruiting skilled workers can be the best option\", \"I think that professional bodies should track construction organizations\", and \"I think that BIM courses, seminars and workshops should be made compulsory for stakeholders\". In addition, the approach to reduce the \"lack of expertise\" barrier is to attract BIM experts and generate possible ideas for the appreciation of the use of BIM technology. Hiring BIM experts from developed countries will help to mitigate the barrier. In order to ensure that adequate technical support and expertise is available from the technology partner, construction companies can obtain all relevant information from the manufacturer before promising to incorporate and use the BIM technology. These conclusions are based on responses such as \"I think the appropriate approach is to recruit BIM experts from developing countries\", \"I think the know-how to use BIM needs to be disseminated\". Furthermore, a strategy to reduce the barrier of \"high cost\" is to assign a specific budget for a BIM implementation cell. The government should set up a BIM cell to increase the trust and enthusiasm of building stakeholders. It is the utmost duty of the BIM cell unit to adequately track and monitor the allocation budget and prepare the report by the end of each month. In order to enable construction stakeholders to use BIM technology, vendors should consider modifying their business models to reduce the initial costs of using these technologies. A subscription-based model or monthly payment plan over a fixed period may be a preferred model, as construction stakeholders may adjust periodic payments to match their usual billing cycle--shifting most upstream costs. However, daily payments should be reasonable. This is supported by responses such as \"I think the government should allocate a budget for the implementation of BIM\", \"I think the government should adjust its policies\", and \"I think