# Effects of Distracted Pedestrian Behavior on Transportation Safety: Causes and Contributing Factors
## 3 Results  
### Survey and Observational Study Data  
The in-person survey data were collected from 255 individuals, which consisted of 132 males (52%) and 123 females (48%). The majority of survey respondents (175) reportedthat they were employed. African American (55.3%) was the most observed race, followed by White (28.6%) and Asian (7.1%) was the least observed race. More than half (69%) of the respondents reported that they used the intersection at least once a day. Furthermore, 27.5% of the respondents reported that they had encountered a near-miss experience while using the intersection. Table 1 presents the number of survey data points collected at all study locations.  
Table 2 presents the age group distribution of the respondents. Table 3 presents the 11 different types of purposes of trip as mentioned by the survey respondents. Most respondents (29.8%) used the intersection as part of their commute to and from work, followed by a commute to/from a university (23.9%).  
Table 4 presents the results of the pedestrian distraction markers or habits.  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c} \hline \hline
**Locations** & **Frequency** & **Percentage (\%)** \\ \hline
14 th Street and W Street, NW & 36 & 14.1 \\
14 th Street and Q Street, NW & 31 & 12.2 \\
14 th Street and S Street, NW & 31 & 12.2 \\
4 th Street and Bryant Street, NW & 20 & 7.8 \\
4 th Street and Howard Place, NW & 24 & 9.4 \\ Georgia Avenue and Bryant Street, NW & 19 & 7.5 \\ Florida Avenue and Sherman Avenue, NW & 30 & 11.8 \\ Georgia Avenue and Fairmont Street, NW & 21 & 8.2 \\ Georgia Avenue and Harvard Street, NW & 22 & 8.2 \\ Georgia Avenue and Howard Place, NW & 22 & 8.6 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}
Table 1: Data samples collected at study locations.  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c} \hline \hline
**Age Group** & **Frequency** & **Percentage (\%)** \\ \hline
18–24 & 97 & 38.0 \\
25–44 & 105 & 41.2 \\
45–64 & 40 & 15.7 \\
65 and above & 8 & 3.1 \\ Not Known & 5 & 2.0 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}
Table 2: Respondent age in categories.  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c} \hline \hline
**Locations** & **Frequency** & **Percentage (\%)** \\ \hline Commuting to/from work & 76 & 29.8 \\ Commuting to/from university & 61 & 23.9 \\ Running errands & 54 & 21.2 \\ Recreational walking & 50 & 19.6 \\ Sightseeing & 6 & 2.4 \\ Out for lunch & 2 & 0.8 \\ Picking up children from school & 2 & 0.8 \\ Dog walking & 1 & 0.4 \\ Medical appointment & 1 & 0.4 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}
Table 3: Primary purpose of the respondent’s trip.  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c} \hline \hline
**Distraction and Safety Concerns** & **Yes, (\%)** & **No, (\%)** \\ \hline Respondents use their electronic devices at the intersection & 103, (40.4\%) & 148, (58.0\%) \\ Respondent’s earphones have noise cancellation technology & 121, (47.5\%) & 132, (51.8\%) \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}
Table 4: Respondent distraction responses.  
The results of the pedestrians' perception of safety concerns are presented in Table 5. Approximately 60% of respondents believed that the presence of physical crosswalks made them feel safe when crossing an intersection.  
For all individuals at all intersections who answered the survey, observational data were also collected before and after the survey to identify any markers of distraction. Figure 2 presents the results of the observational data.  
The results showed that 69 respondents (27.1%) were using their mobile phones. Furthermore, 88 (34.5%) respondents were using earphones or headphones, and 100 respondents (39.2%) were engaged in a conversation with someone else either before or after conducting the in-person survey.