# Meat 4.0: Principles and Applications of Industry 4.0 Technologies in the Meat Industry
## 3 Industry 4.0 Technologies Applied for Meat Processing and Preservation
Thus, the cutting route is defined, and the hindquarters and forequarters are obtained. The path and conditions followed for the cut (forward speed, blade movement, blade lateral support on the bone, and blade angle) are readjusted from a theoretical path according to the characteristics found in situ (flank thickness, fat quantity, textural variability, etc.). As for poultry meat, presently the industries that process these products are the most automated in the meat sector, since poultry have fewer variations between carcasses compared to other larger animals. However, automation processes take place in the first processing of poultry [62]. This fact, together with the high consumption of poultry meat, means that the industry continues to constantly demand intelligent systems that permit to increase the industry yield [57], especially in the second processing of poultry (cutting and boning) [62]. In this context, some successful systems have been developed, such as _GRIBBOT_, which is a chicken fillet-harvesting robot equipped with 3D vision, a personalized designed gripper, and a carrier system to expose the breasts to the robotic arm [60]. In this way, the GRIBOT combines a 3D vision algorithm that allows calculating and locating the grip point on the breast for a suitable and fast (less than 4.75 s for a single filled) extraction of the fillets. Despite the great advances in robotization and automation, on many occasions these IR 4.0 technologies cannot be fully implemented in the meat industries due to biological variations of the raw material, the specific needs of washing and disinfection of surfaces, and/or economic viability on account of the high cost required for these technological processes. Nevertheless, the current trend rejects continuing to implement systems based on hard work performed by operators with the aim of providing a higher quality of work and reducing pathologies associated with it (musculoskeletal disorders). For this reason, technologies that combine human-robot collaboration are being investigated, creating the so-called CoBots, which would represent a very useful tool in the meat industry [32]. In addition, the use of CoBots would facilitate the inclusion of newly arrived operators since it would permit them to obtain a step-by-step approach to processing, achieving their training. In this field, the use of augmented virtual reality could improve the necessary skills that would otherwise only be acquired with years of experience [63]. An example of \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c} \hline \hline
**Carcass** & **IR 4.0 Technology** & **Application** & **Reference** \\ \hline \hline \
\begin{tabular}{c} Pork \\ _AIRA RRD Bung Droper_ 1 [FOOTNOTE:1]Footnote 1: www.frontmace.com/en/pork-solutions/clean-line-chill-room/aira-robots (accessed on 23 June 2022); 2 www.mayekawa.mayekawa.mayekawa.mayekawa.mayekawa.mayekawa.mayekawa.mayekawa./ (accessed on 23 June 2022); 3 www.scottautomation.com/products/automated-boning-room (accessed on 23 June 2022). \\ \end{tabular} &
\begin{tabular}{c} Remove plugs from rectum \\ Cut aitch bone \\ Open belly, breast, and throat \\ Clip head (without removing the \\ entire piece) \\ Split the carcass \\ longitudinally \\ Debone back legs \\ Debone back legs \\ Debone back legs \\ Debone back legs \\ Cutter and debong certain parts \\ Cut half carcass \\ Filled breasts \\ \end{tabular} & [57] \\ Chick & [59] \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 1: Automation and robotization of the primary and secondary processing of various carcasses in the meat industry. the use of augmented reality can be found in the work carried out by [PERSON] et al. [63]. They investigated the training of operators without the cost of the material and avoiding possible risks for both equipment and personnel in real life, using Meta 2 glasses and the Unity 3D and Visual Studio software. The platform employed incorporated a graphical interface which included figures and terminology that provided the simulation of industrial equipment.