Sense Multiple Access (CSMA). However, 802.11p suffers from the main limitations related to 802.xx standards, such as poor scalability to high traffic density and poor support of high mobility [4]. In addition, the other activity is built on the LTE-V2V standard. LTE-V2V was developed on the basis of cellular technology and helps a vehicle to communicate with different types of devices, such as pedestrians with a mobile phone, the infrastructure/network, and other vehicles. It focuses deeply on V2V communication to exchange short messages that are used in safety-related applications [5].  
Radiating cables, also referred to as leaky feeders (LF), are a leading candidate for providing wireless access in mines and tunnels [6] for years. LF is also used for underground wireless communications in mass transit railways in some places. Already, few Gb/s bit rates using LF are reported [7]. However, the full potential of LF for V2I communications is not fully exploited, which is the focus of this paper.  
The LF is essentially a special coaxial cable with carefully designed slots along its length that enable radiating and receiving radio signals. The radiating cable has multiple functionalities: it not only acts as an array of bidirectional antennas but also transfers the DC power required to power up amplifiers and active nodes in the downstream. The LF system is typically less noisy and has enough bandwidth to support multiple radio frequency (RF) signals. The slot spacing, shape, and size determines the loss, radiation patterns, and coupling properties [8].  
Although most studies consider the LF as a single radiating element, the LF must be considered as a linear antenna array for accurate analysis [9]. This will pave the way to model an LF system as a multiple-input-single-output (MISO) wireless communication system [10] or a MIMO system if the receiver also has multiple antennas.  
The unique aspect of the LF is the _phase shift_ among the RF signals emanating from each slot; this is a function of slot separation (\(D\)) and the carrier frequency (\(f\)). These RF signals undergo multipath fading in the wireless channel to reach the receiver where they can be combined at the wireless receiver in multiple ways. Several diversity combining schemes have been previously reported. The authors of [11; 12] provide a detailed analysis of maximal ratio combining (MRC) under Rayleigh and Ricean fading channels. To the best of our knowledge, there is no previous research that addresses the BER estimation of communication systems that use the LF transmitter.  
In this paper, we model a channel by using an LF to be a Reliable Medium for vehicle to infrastructure communications in the confined places like the tunnels or the underground mines, and we derive a generalized closed form expression for the BER of the LF communication system under multipath Rayleigh fading channel and compare it with the BER of a single antenna system with similar parameters. The effects of slot spacing and carrier frequency are also studied. The organization of the paper is as follows. In Section 2, the characteristics of fading channels are presented. In Section 3, the mathematical expression for the BER of the LF communication system under Rayleigh fading channel is presented. Section 4 shows the simulation and numerical results. Finally, Section 5 provides a brief conclusion and directions for future studies.