## 1 The Evolution of Sports: A Synergy of Historical Development and Technological Innovation  
The Evolution of Sports from a Technology-Driven Perspective: From Material Innovation to Intelligent Integration  
As an important manifestation of the development of human civilization, the evolution process of sports has always been closely linked to the improvement of social productive forces and technological levels [1]. Fundamentally, the evolution of sports forms reflects the profound changes in technological conditions and production methods during a specific historical period. In this historical process, the advancement of materials science and technology has long been a key force driving the development of sports. Thanks to continuous innovation in the field of materials, sports equipment has not only achieved performance breakthroughs but also significantly enhanced safety protection levels, ease of use and affordability. This all-round progress provides a solid foundation for the professional development and popularization of sports among the public. Carbon fiber materials are widely used in high-performance sports equipment (such as bicycles and tennis rackets) by optimizing the mass-stiffness ratio, thereby enhancing competitive levels. In the field of racing, F1 racing cars employ high-strength composite materials, ensuring lightweight design while enhancing crash resistance, thereby improving racing performance and ensuring safety at the same time [2]. In 2019, [PERSON] accomplished the feat of breaking the 2-h mark in a marathon wearing Nike Vaporly 4% running shoes, whose Zoom X foam midsole could provide 85% energy return [3]. However, the high price deters ordinary runners. Through the TPU-PEBA hybrid foaming technology, LiNing has significantly reduced the price while maintaining a similar rebound rate, making professional running shoes truly accessible to the public. Secondly, the application of new materials has prompted the competitive rule system to constantly adapt to the changes in equipment, achieving a dynamic coordination between rules and technology. Take swimsuit technology as an example. Modern swimsuits use highly elastic polymers and superhydrophobic coatings to ensure a snug fit, reduce resistance and enhance performance. A famous example is the \"sharkskin\" swimsuit [4]. This phenomenon of \"technical doping\" has directly prompted FINA to implement new regulations, strictly limiting the material thickness and coverage of swimsuits. In terms of industrialization, the advancement of materials science and technology has significantly lowered the threshold for professional equipment. Sports brands like Decathlon have popularized mid-to-low priced high-performance equipment through industrial chain integration. The requirements for unified equipment standards in international events such as the Olympic Games and the World Cup play a crucial role in ensuring fair competition. These standardized measures not only ensure the fairness of the competition but also set reasonable boundaries for technological innovation. AI is not only used in material research and development but can also be deeply embedded in sports training systems, forming a dual-driven pattern of \"equipment intelligence-training intelligence\", and promoting sports technology to enter a new stage of integration and systematization. In 2024, [PERSON] et al. [5] successfully developed an AI-powered coaching system for table tennis beginners, combining computer vision and deep learning to analyze players' movements in real time. The system detects technical errors with 73% accuracy for arm postures and 82% for racket angles, offering three key benefits: it standardizes training to improve efficiency, provides instant feedback for faster skill correction, and serves as a low-cost solution to make table tennis more accessible. This innovation demonstrates AI's expanding role in sports development.