## 5 Discussion
Based on annual hour statistics, indoor temperatures remain within the thermal comfort range (19-26 \({}^{\circ}\)C) for a total of 4760 h, occurring primarily in the time intervals of 0-3000 h and 7000-8760 h. Conversely, the green line illustrates indoor temperature fluctuations in the absence of natural ventilation. Similarly, based on annual hour statistics, indoor temperatures persist within the thermal comfort zone for a total of 3100 h, mainly falling within the time intervals of 1000-3000 h and 6700-7800 h. By comparing the durations of thermal comfort under these two conditions, it becomes evident that under natural ventilation, indoor temperatures remain within the thermal comfort zone for an additional 1660 h compared to conditions without natural ventilation, indicating a significant improvement in indoor thermal comfort. Furthermore, as observed in Figure 10, under natural ventilation conditions, the indoor minimum temperature is relatively higher compared to conditions without natural ventilation, with a maximum temperature difference of 10 degrees. Figure 11 compares the energy consumption of the designed building with that of the baseline building. In the simulated science museum building, the energy consumption primarily includes cooling, heating, lighting, and domestic hot water. Among these, lighting energy consumption constitutes 68% of the total building energy consumption, making it the highest among all energy consumption categories. Heating energy consumption has the lowest proportion, at only 2%, a difference attributed to the geographical location of the simulated building. Notably, in the simulated building located in Guangzhou, particular attention should be given to cooling energy consumption, which accounts for 29% of the total energy consumption. In the energy composition of the baseline building, lighting also has the highest share of energy consumption in the baseline building, accounting for 56% of the total energy  
Figure 11: Building energy consumption proportions and saving potential evaluation. Figure 10: Indoor air temperature variations with thermal comfort comparison (red and blue lines represent the upper and lower temperature values for indoor thermal comfort zone). consumption. Heating accounts for 2% and domestic hot water is the lowest at 1% as in the simulated building. Since natural ventilation mainly affects air conditioning energy consumption in terms of energy saving, the design building reduces cooling energy consumption by 8.54 kWh/m\({}^{2}\) and heating energy consumption by 0.1 kWh/m\({}^{2}\) compared to the baseline building. Since the case is located in Guangzhou, China, a hot-summer and warm-winter zone, the increase in heating energy consumption is small, even though the temperature is not in the comfort temperature range in winter, the actual temperature is not much different from the minimum comfort temperature, and the heating demand is not large. The cooling energy consumption and total energy consumption of the design building are 11.37 kWh/m\({}^{2}\) and 39.55 kWh/m\({}^{2}\), respectively, and the cooling energy consumption accounts for 29% of the total energy consumption. Meanwhile, the cooling energy consumption and total energy consumption of the baseline building are 19.91 kWh/m\({}^{2}\) and 48.19 kWh/m\({}^{2}\), respectively, and the cooling energy consumption accounts for 41% of the total energy consumption. It can be seen that the proportion of refrigeration energy to total energy consumption in the design building is 12% lower than that in the baseline building. This disparity indicates that the simulated science museum building, through architectural design measures such as increasing ventilation corridors and enhancing natural ventilation, fully exploits the natural cooling potential, resulting in a significant 42.9% reduction in cooling energy consumption, thus achieving notable energy savings.