Recent research also highlights the potential benefits of ascorbic acid, with positive correlations observed between vitamin C supplementation and BMD [15]. Additionally, B vitamins have been found to indirectly influence bone turnover by acting as cofactors in metabolic reactions that stimulate osteoblast activity and bone formation [16]. It is well documented that dietary calcium deficiency is linked to low BMD, leading to osteopenia and osteoporosis over time [17]. Calcium supplementation is widely recognized for osteoporosis prevention in postmenopausal women [18, 19]. Combining calcium with vitamin D supplements may reduce fracture risk, particularly in populations with low dietary intakes [20, 21, 22]. [PERSON] and [PERSON]'s study suggests that this combination prevents osteoporortic fractures by enhancing bone formation [22]. It has been also shown that functional foods and bioactive ingredients, including polyphenols, can influence bone metabolism [23, 24, 25, 26, 27]. These findings suggest that functional foods may enhance bone and joint health in aging individuals by optimizing bone metabolism and calcium balance. For example, fortified functional foods containing calcium, vitamin D, magnesium, and vitamin K play a crucial role in promoting bone health. Additionally, some functional foods containing polyphenols may decrease urinary calcium loss or inhibit bone resorption [26]. Chicken eggshells are also identified as a promising natural calcium source for functional foods [27]. Although there is no universal definition for \"functional foods\", foods are considered functional when they provide specific health-promoting effects beyond their nutritional value, containing bioactive compounds such as vitamins, minerals, antioxidants, probiotics, and phytochemicals [22, 28]. Studies have demonstrated that adopting a diet rich in conventional functional foods, such as fruits, vegetables, raw cereals, and fish, significantly reduces the risk of chronic diseases, including osteoporosis [29, 30]. Among traditional Mediterranean foods, olive paste and olive oil are considered functional due to the presence of bioactive compounds like oleic acid and polyphenols, offering various health benefits such as cardioprotection, inflammation reduction, gut health support, and osteoporosis risk reduction [31]. Similarly, mountain tea (_Sideritis_ sp.) and orange juice, rich in antioxidants, help mitigate oxidative stress and inflammation [32, 33]. Mountain tea, recognized for its antioxidant potential, has shown promise in protecting against osteoporosis. Studies on _Sideritis euboa_ extract suggest significant protection against bone loss and improved bone strength in osteoporortic rat models [34]. Despite promising results, further research is needed to confirm the efficacy of Greek mountain tea in treating osteoporosis. The purpose of the present study was to assess the impact of micronutrient supplementation, encompassing calcium, magnesium, vitamin C, and vitamin D, along with an innovative functional food fortified with polyphenols, on several bone health indicators, metabolic biomarkers, and BMD in postmenopausal women at heightened risk of osteopenia or osteoporosis. Limited research exists on the influence of vitamin C and polyphenol supplementation on bone metabolism, thus emphasizing the novelty of incorporating the innovative functional food supplement in this investigation. However, to further elucidate the effects of these interventions, future studies should include a control group of healthy young women without osteoporosis/osteopenia. This would enable a more comprehensive understanding of the interventions' impact on bone health and provide a basis for comparison with the study population.