## 3 Discussion  
In this work, the wound-healing potential of SM extract was tested in an in vitro wound-healing model using NHDF. In the first part of our study, the SM extract was characterized by phytochemical composition (total phenols and flavonoids), antioxidant capacity, and antimicrobial activity. The SM extract contains phenols and flavonoids, 17.19 \(\pm\) 1.32 mg GAE/g dw and 7.28 \(\pm\) 1.18 mg QE/g dw. Due to its bioactive compounds, SM extract possesses an antioxidant capacity, highlighted by FRAP assay and the electrochemical method (Table 1). The results obtained in terms of content in bioactive compounds and antioxidant capacity are in accordance with data from the literature [8; 14; 21]. Table 3 shows the bioactive compounds identified in SM that contribute to the antioxidant, antimicrobial, and skin-repairing effects. Figure 6: Evolution over time, of the average values of the widths (\(\mu\)m) of the wound, the areas (mm\({}^{2}\)) of the wound, of the normalized densities (%) of the cells inside the wound, and the LP norm, for all treatments. C200—12.5 \(\upmu\)g/mL represents the _Stellaria media_ (L.) Vill extract concentrations applied, CTRL—positive control (allantoin—50 \(\upmu\)g/mL), CTRL0—control (without treatment), where no treatment was applied. T00–T48 represents the time expressed in hours. Most flavonoids are known as antioxidants, along with vitamin C, due to their strong ability to donate electrons or hydrogen atoms [47; 48]. SM plant extract can be characterized by the existence of a series of compounds such as flavonoids, phenolic acids, and triterpenoids [49]. Among the most representative flavonoids are derivatives of apigenin (7,2-di-O-hexosyl-6-C-hexosylapigenin, 6-C-3-(2-O-3-glucopyronosyl)-Glucopyronosyl-7-O-galactopyranosylapigenin, 6-C-13-(2-O-glucopyranosyl) glucopyranosyl-7-O-3-glucopyranosylapigenin and 6,8-C-diglycosylapigenin), genistein, and vicenin-2 [50]. From the flavonoid class, apigenin and Vicenin-2 are responsible for antioxidant and wound-healing effects (Table 3). From the category of phenolic acids identified in the SM extract, vanillic acid, ferulic acid, chlorogenic acid, and caffe acid are responsible for the antioxidant activity (Table 3), which was highlighted in our work by FRAP assay and the electrochemical method. The SM plant has antioxidant properties based on its phytochemical composition, as pointed out by [PERSON] et al., 2020, which states that the SM extract exhibited a high-level antioxidant capacity (76% for DPPH and 79% for FRAP) [14]. In addition to polyphenols, SM extract also has a considerable amount of vitamin C, significantly contributing to antioxidant activity [51]. Additionally, a recent study showed that gypsogenin, a triterpenoid saponin also identified in SM, has in vitro hepatocytes and antioxidant activity [52]. The antioxidant capacity of SM extract is comparable to other species of the Caryophyllaceae family, such as _Silene gynodioca_, _Silene spergifolia_, and _Silene swertifolia_[21; 53]. The peaks revealed by the DPV (Figure 2) can be assigned to the oxidation of the electroactive phenolic species from the extract [8; 21; 54; 55; 56]. The peak, which appeared at around 0.450 V, is due to the presence of ascorbic acid from the extract composition, as it was also revealed by other authors in comparable amounts [57].