## 6 Results and Discussion
### Comparison with Other Optimization Algorithms
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{l c c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Dataset** & **BHHO\({}_{TV4}\)** & **BGSA** & **BPSO** & **BBA** & **BSSA** & **BWOA** \\ \hline Breastcancer & 0.0274 & 0.0200 & 0.0249 & **0.0199** & 0.0350 & 0.0263 \\ BreastEW & **0.0235** & 0.0402 & 0.0302 & 0.0418 & 0.0397 & 0.0288 \\ CongressEW & **0.0019** & 0.0377 & 0.0152 & 0.0304 & 0.0221 & 0.0263 \\ Exactly & **0.0048** & 0.2806 & 0.0155 & 0.2846 & 0.0224 & 0.0098 \\ Exactly2 & 0.2128 & 0.2105 & **0.1972** & 0.2299 & 0.2312 & 0.2569 \\ HeartEW & 0.0933 & 0.1547 & 0.1030 & 0.1235 & **0.0779** & 0.1002 \\ IonosphereEW & **0.0280** & 0.1518 & 0.0660 & 0.1102 & 0.0330 & 0.1344 \\ KrvskpEW & **0.0247** & 0.0865 & 0.0291 & 0.0828 & 0.0309 & 0.0319 \\ Lymphography & **0.0215** & 0.1809 & 0.1078 & 0.2088 & 0.0886 & 0.1110 \\ M-of-n & **0.0046** & 0.1234 & 0.0072 & 0.1353 & 0.0124 & 0.0059 \\ penglungEW & **0.0003** & 0.1203 & 0.0061 & 0.0739 & 0.0626 & 0.1973 \\ SonarEW & **0.0268** & 0.0644 & 0.0622 & 0.0996 & 0.0886 & 0.1325 \\ SpectEW & **0.0922** & 0.1767 & 0.1376 & 0.1296 & 0.1000 & 0.1564 \\ Tic-tac-toe & 0.1707 & 0.2107 & 0.1877 & 0.2296 & **0.1066** & 0.1492 \\ Vote & 0.0137 & 0.0746 & **0.0016** & 0.0715 & 0.0539 & 0.0351 \\ WaveformEW & 0.2047 & 0.2279 & **0.1873** & 0.2292 & 0.2045 & 0.1951 \\ WineEW & **0.0033** & 0.0206 & 0.0083 & 0.0167 & 0.0119 & 0.0231 \\ Zoo & 0.0029 & 0.0354 & **0.0023** & 0.0621 & 0.0026 & 0.0147 \\ \hline Rank (F-Test) & **1.83** & 4.89 & 2.44 & 4.83 & 3.11 & 3.89 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 11: Comparison of BHHO\({}_{TV4}\) versus other optimizers in terms of average fitness values. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{l c c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Dataset** & **BGSA** & **BPSO** & **BBA** & **BSSA** & **BWOA** & **BHHO\({}_{TV4}\)** \\ \hline Breastcancer & 6.84E-10 & 5.19E-11 & 6.86E-10 & 1.98E-12 & 2.60E-06 & **1** \\ BreastEW & 6.74E-10 & 9.17E-06 & 4.32E-10 & 5.38E-11 & 3.31E-06 & **1** \\ CongressEW & 1.67E-12 & 1.44E-12 & 1.68E-12 & 1.57E-12 & 1.52E-12 & **1** \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 12: The 2-tailed \(p\)-values of the [PERSON] signed ranks test for fitness results reported in Table 11 (\(p\)-values \(\leq\) 0.05 are significant). \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{l c c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Dataset** & **BGSA** & **BPSO** & **BBA** & **BSSA** & **BWOA** & **BHHO\({}_{TV4}\)** \\ \hline Exactly & 2.35E-12 & **1.01E-01** & 2.35E-12 & 8.15E-07 & 1.03E-04 & **1** \\ Exactly2 & 2.47E-03 & 8.79E-11 & 2.48E-11 & 2.56E-11 & 2.54E-11 & **1** \\ HeartEW & 3.76E-11 & **7.68E-02** & 1.64E-06 & 1.06E-02 & 1.85E-02 & **1** \\ IonosphereEW & 2.42E-11 & 4.80E-10 & 2.43E-11 & **7.52E-02** & 2.43E-11 & **1** \\ KrvskpEW & 4.97E-11 & 2.46E-02 & 3.33E-11 & 8.85E-06 & 5.84E-06 & **1** \\ Lymphography & 2.10E-11 & 2.64E-11 & 2.14E-11 & 2.09E-11 & 2.05E-11 & **1** \\ M-of-n & 1.21E-12 & 2.16E-02 & 4.57E-12 & 3.88E-10 & 2.65E-08 & **1** \\ penglungEW & 2.84E-11 & 2.86E-11 & 2.88E-11 & 2.86E-11 & 2.88E-11 & **1** \\ SonarEW & 1.76E-10 & 6.44E-09 & 3.80E-10 & 2.96E-11 & 2.98E-11 & **1** \\ SpectEW & 2.09E-11 & 2.09E-11 & 3.17E-10 & 4.79E-08 & 2.12E-11 & **1** \\ Tic-tac-toe & 1.67E-12 & 1.19E-12 & 1.66E-12 & 6.50E-14 & 2.71E-14 & **1** \\ Vote & 7.36E-12 & 4.57E-11 & 7.19E-12 & 6.91E-12 & 6.92E-12 & **1** \\ WaveformEW & 6.52E-09 & 2.44E-09 & 1.56E-08 & **9.76E-01** & 1.09E-05 & **1** \\ WineEW & 2.76E-11 & 6.44E-10 & 2.30E-10 & 7.63E-11 & 7.47E-12 & **1** \\ Zoo & 1.37E-11 & 3.82E-05 & 1.35E-11 & 3.27E-03 & 1.36E-07 & **1** \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 12: _Cont._  
Figure 4: Convergence curves of BHHO\({}_{TV4}\) versus other competitors on Breastcancer, BreastEW, CongressEW, Exactly, Exactly2, HeartEW, IonosphereEW, KrvskpEW, and Lymphography datasets.