# Integration of AI in Self-Powered IoT Sensor Systems
## 3 Domain Identification in the Literature Using IoT Sensors
At the center of all these domains lies smart cities as a central element, as they interact with all other domains to provide a global connectivity experience that influences the quality of human life. This graphic representation shows the importance of interdisciplinary cooperation among researchers for integrating IoT technologies in various fields to solve global problems that directly influence the quality of human life. These correlations illustrate possible future research directions, as the lack of interdependencies in areas highlights potential future connections. For example, the interaction between wearable devices and smart homes could automatically adjust the internal environment based on the user's physical or emotional state. Thus, a smartwatch that detects a high-stress level could trigger changes in temperature and lighting or play relaxing music from the home's audio system. Another connection that could be explored is between healthcare IoT and smart mobility through intelligent emergency systems that analyze the patient's vital data and transmit it in real-time to autonomous ambulances. These correlations can be inspected by adjusting the route based on the clinical condition and traffic. Figure 4 should be analyzed more in the sectors with no correlations between domains, as these indicate future synergies that can bring innovations in human quality of life. This is only possible through integrating IoT sensors in collaboration with these fields using AI technologies. The challenges associated with integrating sensors in the identified fields of activity vary depending on the specific application. For smart cities, the need for implementation over an extensive area is identified, as well as the necessity of network-level connectivity. Exposure to weather conditions, such as dust or rain, imposes a certain level of sensor protection. Ensuring interoperability and compatibility between subsystems, including traffic, parking, lighting, and pollution, is also crucial. In the field of wearable devices, integration features include the necessity for sensors to be miniature, very slim, lightweight, not uncomfortable to wear, and biocompatible. They are mounted directly on the body, skin, clothing, or accessories, and must ensure both comfort and safety for the user. The biggest challenge of wearable devices is the balance between performance, autonomy, comfort, and the safety they must ensure for the user. In the industrial field, the integration specifics refer to the harsh conditions in which they must operate. Among these conditions are vibrations, dust, extreme temperatures, humidity, and other harsh weather conditions. These sensors are mounted on mobile or  
Figure 4: Synergies between domains using IoT sensors. hard-to-access equipment, which requires predictive maintenance and continuous monitoring of the equipment. Additionally, the compatibility criteria for integration with Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA), Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP), or Manufacturing Execution System (MES) systems must always be analyzed, as well as the risk of cyberattacks that necessitate certain layers of security. In the field of smart homes, integration features refer to increasing comfort, safety, energy efficiency, and design. Energy autonomy is a constant concern in smart home applications, as the goal is to minimize maintenance. For environmental monitoring, sensors require installation in isolated, hard-to-reach environments such as streams, rivers, forests, fields, mountains, and caves, which necessitates access to extreme climatic areas, making self-powered sensors a requirement. The need for remote communication integration is a characteristic of these sensors. Another class of challenges for these sensors concerns calibration, durability, longevity, and minimal maintenance. In healthcare IoT, the authors identified integration features as the precision of the sensors, along with the safety they must ensure for patients, the confidentiality of operations, and their reliability.