# Quantum Computing for Healthcare: A Review
## 1 Introduction
### Contributions and Organization  
This survey systematically presents the evolution of quantum computing and its enabling technologies, explores the core application areas, and categorizes requirements for its implementation in high-performance healthcare systems, along with highlighting security implications. In summary, the salient contributions of this survey are as follows:  
1. We present the first comprehensive review of quantum computing technologies for healthcare, covering its motivation, requirements, applications, challenges, architectures, and open research issues. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{l l l l l l l l l} \hline \hline
**References** & **Year** & \begin{tabular}{l} **Healthcare** \\ **Focus** \\ \end{tabular} & **Security** & **Privacy** & **Architectures** & \
\begin{tabular}{l} **Quantum** \\ **Requirements** \\ \end{tabular} &
\begin{tabular}{l} **Machine/Deep** \\ **Learning** \\ \end{tabular} & **Applications** \\ \hline [PERSON] et al. [8] & 2019 & ✓ & ✓ & ✓ & ✓ & & ✓ & \\ \hline [PERSON] et al. [9] & 2019 & ✓ & ✓ & ✓ & & & ✓ & \\ \hline [PERSON] et al. [10] & 2018 & & & ✓ & & & ✓ & \\ \hline [PERSON] et al. [11] & 2017 & & & & & ✓ & & \\ \hline [PERSON] et al. [12] & 2020 & & & & & ✓ & & ✓ \\ \hline [PERSON] et al. [19] & 2016 & & & ✓ & ✓ & ✓ & ✓ & \\ \hline [PERSON] et al. [24] & 2020 & & & ✓ & ✓ & ✓ & ✓ & ✓ \\ \hline [PERSON] et al. [25] & 2019 & & & ✓ & ✓ & ✓ & ✓ & ✓ \\ \hline [PERSON] et al. [13] & 2019 & ✓ & ✓ & ✓ & ✓ & ✓ & ✓ & ✓ \\ \hline [PERSON] et al. [26] & 2019 & & & ✓ & ✓ & & ✓ & ✓ \\ \hline [PERSON] et al. [14] & 2020 & ✓ & ✓ & & & & & \\ \hline [PERSON] et al. [27] & 2020 & & & ✓ & ✓ & ✓ & ✓ & ✓ \\ \hline [PERSON] et al. [28] & 2018 & ✓ & ✓ & ✓ & ✓ & ✓ & ✓ & ✓ \\ \hline [PERSON] et al. [15] & 2018 & ✓ & ✓ & ✓ & & ✓ & ✓ & \\ \hline [PERSON] al. [20] & 2020 & & & ✓ & ✓ & ✓ & ✓ & ✓ \\ \hline [PERSON] et al. [29] & 2018 & & & ✓ & ✓ & ✓ & & \\ \hline [PERSON] et al. [16] & 2016 & ✓ & ✓ & & ✓ & ✓ & \\ \hline [PERSON] et al. [30] & 2019 & ✓ & ✓ & & ✓ & ✓ & \\ \hline [PERSON] et al. [23] & 2020 & & & & ✓ & ✓ & \\ \hline [PERSON] et al. [31] & 2018 & & & & ✓ & ✓ & \\ \hline [PERSON] et al. [21] & 2018 & & ✓ & ✓ & ✓ & ✓ & \\ \hline [PERSON] et al. [22] & 2018 & & ✓ & ✓ & ✓ & ✓ & \\ \hline [PERSON] et al. [17] & 2020 & & & & ✓ & ✓ & ✓ & \\ \hline [PERSON] et al. [18] & 2020 & & & & ✓ & ✓ & ✓ & ✓ \\ \hline [PERSON] et al. [32] & 2021 & ✓ & & & & & ✓ & ✓ \\ \hline [PERSON] et al. [33] & 2021 & ✓ & & & ✓ & & ✓ & ✓ \\ \hline [PERSON] et al. [34] & 2021 & ✓ & & & & & ✓ & ✓ \\ \hline [PERSON] et al. [35] & 2022 & ✓ & & & & ✓ & ✓ & ✓ \\ \hline [PERSON] et al. [36] & 2022 & ✓ & & & & & ✓ & ✓ \\ \hline
**Our Survey** & 2022 & ✓ & ✓ & ✓ & ✓ & ✓ & ✓ & ✓ \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 1: A comparison of this survey with related works. 2. We discuss the enabling technologies of quantum computing that act as building blocks for the implementation of quantum healthcare service provisioning. 3. We discuss the core application areas of quantum computing and analyzed the critical importance of quantum computing in healthcare systems. 4. We review the available literature on quantum computing and its inclination toward the development of future-generation healthcare systems. 5. We discuss key requirements of quantum computing systems for the successful implementation of large-scale healthcare services provisioning and the security implications involved. 6. We discuss current challenges, their causes, and future research directions for an efficient implementation of quantum healthcare systems. This paper is organized as follows. Table 2 shows acronyms and their definition. Section 2 discusses enabling technologies of quantum computing systems. Section 3 outlines the application areas of quantum computing. Section 4 discusses the key requirements of quantum computing for its successful implementation for large-scale healthcare services provisioning. Section 5 provides a taxonomy and description of quantum computing architectural approaches for healthcare architectures.