# Architectural Simulation of Hybrid Energy Harvesting: A Design Experiment in Lanzarote Island
## 4 Design Development
### Architectural Design Based on Energy Harvesting Technology with Macro-Energy Sources
#### 4.1.2 Optimal Tilt Angle (\(\beta\omega\)) Setting for the Installation of Solar Panels

Table 1: Coefficients (\(a_{1},a_{2}\)) according to the solar declination and the optimal tilt angle (\(\beta\omega\)). Table 3 shows the optimal tilt angle (\(\beta\)o) from January to December and the monthly generation amount of solar energy according to the optimal tilt angle (\(\beta\)o). In a year, the solar energy generation is the highest in May at 140,935 kWh.m\({}^{-2}\); in January, a total \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c} \hline \hline
**Type** & **Parameter** & **Value** \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{Solar panel module} & Model & Q.PEAK.DUO L–G7.4 \\  & Length (mm) & 2000 \\  & Width (mm) & 1000 \\ \cline{1-1}  & Power capacity (kW/unit) & 390–405 Wp \\ \cline{1-1}  & Efficiency (\%) & 20.3\% \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 2: Solar panel, Hanwha Q. CELLS’ Q.PEAK.DUO L–G7.4 390-405 model. Figure 6: An example of measuring solar energy using Revit and Insight, a plug-in software. Figure 7: An example of measurement of solar energy generation in June using Revit and plug-in software, Insight. of 53,200 kWh-m\({}^{-2}\) solar energy is generated, which is the lowest recording of the year. Eventually, a total of 504 (756 m\({}^{-2}\)) solar panels to be installed on the persola roof at the research subject location will be able to generate 1,150,198 kWh energy in a year. In this study, the optimal tilt angle (\(\beta\)\(\phi\)) for the solar panels to be installed on the persola roof from January to December was determined to maximize the generation of solar energy by the solar panels in Lanzarote, and the annual generation of solar energy corresponding to the optimal tilt angle (\(\beta\)\(\phi\)) of the solar panels was calculated. Figure 8 explains a system where the solar modules were flexibly installed according to the optimal tilt angle (\(\beta\)\(\phi\)) for each month from January to December. This research methodology could resolve the limitations of the existing buildings, in which solar panels are fixed on the roof or another surface at a particular angle, such that energy generation cannot be maximized. In addition, a flexible solar panel installation system allows for an installation on the building surface. It can be used to develop a green building design based on the generation of renewable energy. Figure 8: Flexible installation system according to the optimal tilt angle (\(\beta\)\(\phi\)) of solar panels from January to December, maximizing the solar energy generation. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c} \hline \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**N.**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**Month**} & **Optimal Tilt Angle** & **Solar Energy Generation** \\  & & **(deg) \(\beta\)\(\phi\)** & **(kWh-m\({}^{-2}\).Month-1)** \\ \hline
1 & January & 51.0 & 53,200 \\
2 & February & 41.1 & 60,728 \\
3 & March & 31.0 & 105,107 \\
4 & April & 19.1 & 115,625 \\
5 & May & 10.2 & 140,935 \\
6 & June & 5.9 & 125,662 \\
7 & July & 8.3 & 132,661 \\
8 & August & 17.4 & 116,094 \\
9 & September & 28.7 & 105,767 \\
10 & October & 39.8 & 84,129 \\
11 & November & 47.9 & 54,844 \\
12 & December & 52.5 & 55,446 \\
**Total** & & 1,150,198 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 3: Monthly solar energy generations by solar panels using the optimal tilt angle (\(\beta\)\(\phi\)).