## 3 Verification of the Combined TCK-JH2 Model
### Drop-Weight Test  
The laminated glass used in this experimental study was provided by Guangzhou Huafeng Safety Glass Co. Ltd., No. 68, Big Bridge street, Xilang, Liwan District, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China. The drop-weight tests were carried out by Instron(r) Dynatup 9250 HV impact instrument, as shown in Figure 1. The Instron(r) Dynatup 9250 HV impact instrument used in this experiment was manufactured by Instron(r), 825 University Ave. Norwood, MA 02062-2643, USA. The impact test apparatus consists of a drop tower equipped with an impactor that can vary the balance weight, and a high-speed data acquisition system was also equipped to obtain data during the test. The test machine can adjust the impact energy by adjusting the weight mass or the drop height. During the test, the laminated glass specimen was supported by a clamper which mainly consists of the nut, bolt, a pair of rubber cushions and a pair of steel clamp plate. The specimen was placed in the clamper and the bolt was tightened. The clamper was placed on the supporting seat. The laser displacement sensor OptoNCDT 1605 was employed to measure the displacement of the central point of the specimen under impact loading. The OptoNCDT 1605 was manufactured by Micro-Epsilon Messtechnik GmbH & Co.KG, Koenigbacher Str.15 D-94496 Ortenburg/Germany As a laser is used to test, the requirement for the tested object is that the target can diffuse reflection, \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c c c} \hline \hline \(E\) (**GPa**) & \(\
u\) & **k (mm-3)** & \(m\) & \(K_{\text{IC}}\)(**MPa\(\sqrt{mm}\)**) [21] & & & \\ \hline
**70** & 0.3 & \(10^{15}\) & 7 & \multicolumn{3}{c}{35.4} & & \\ \hline \(\rho\) (**kg/m3**) & \(G\) (**GPa**) & **A** & **N** & **B** & **M** & **C** & \(i_{\text{0}}\) & \(\sigma_{\text{t, MAX}}^{\prime}\) \\ \hline
**2530** & 26.9 & 0.75 & 0.72 & 0.20 & 1.0 & 0.035 & 1.0 & 0.50 \\ \hline
**HEL (MPa)** & \(P_{\text{HEL}}\) (**MPa**) & \(T\) (**MPa**) & \(\beta\) & \(\mathbf{D_{1}}\) & \(\mathbf{D_{2}}\) & \(\mathbf{K_{1}}\) (**MPa**) & \(\mathbf{K_{2}}\) (**MPa**) & \(\mathbf{K_{3}}\) (**MPa**) \\ \hline
**1003** & 334 & 27.8 & 1.0 & 0.043 & 0.85 & 43.2 & –67.2 & 153.2 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 2: Constants for combined TCK-JH2 model. not absorb the laser and not let the laser penetrate the specimen. However, the specimen to be tested was the laminated glass with good transparency. Therefore, we needed to stick black and white stickers on the back of laminated glass, as shown in Figure 2. The underlying black sticker ensured that the laser did not penetrate the laminated glass. The white sticker ensured that the laser was not absorbed on the surface. Moreover, the white sticker was made of materials that diffuse reflection rather than mirror reflections. Acceleration and reaction force of the impactor can be acquired automatically by The Instron(r) Dynatup 9250 HV impact instrument. The acquisition time interval was set to 100 ms. The acquisition frequency was 81.9 kHz. The frequency of laser displacement sensor OptoNCDT 1605 was set to 50 kHz. The diameter of the hemispherical end of impactor was 15.95 mm. The mass of the impactor was 10.093 kg. The rubber cushion was 20 mm wide and 4 mm thick. The laminated glass was a square with a width of 200 mm. The thickness of the laminated glass and its corresponding impact velocity is shown in Table 3.  
A total of four specimens were tested: LG-03114, LG-06114, LG-06076, and LG-06038. Specimens were named in the following manner: take specimen LG-03114 for example, LG means laminated glass. Next, 03 means that the thickness of glass is 3 mm. Finally, 114 means that the thickness of interlayer is 1.14 mm. Figure 1: Impact loading testing machine setup. Figure 2: Specim with black and white stickers.