# Engagement and Brand Recall in Software Developers: An Eye-Tracking Study on Adversames
## 2 Materials and Methods
### Formal Game Elements  
Two games based on the same concept were designed for this research study. However, certain gaming elements were omitted from the second game.  
**Player Interaction Pattern:** The game involves a single player who assumes the role of a customer visiting a supermarket.  
**Objectives:** The objective is to locate and collect all of the products listed on the shopping list within the supermarket.  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{l l l} \hline \hline
**Hypothesis** & **Data Source** & **Method** \\ \hline H1: Players can remember task-related & Matching of brands and & \\ brands of the products. & products & \\ \hline H2: Players experience flow when the & Flow State Scale & Mann–Whitney U test \\ number of game elements increases. & Players\({}^{\prime}\) comments & Correlation analysis \\ \hline H3: Players focus more on the screen & & \\ location corresponding to their eye level. & Eye-tracking data & Heatmap analysis \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}
Table 1: Research design matrix adapted from [47].  
**Rules:**  
* Players enter the game by typing their name in the text box and clicking the \"Add\" button.
* Returning players should type their name and click the \"Continue\" button to proceed.
* Subsequent levels are unlocked only after completing the preceding level.
* The game is structured into three levels, each featuring different product placements.
* Level One tasks the player with finding one listed product within 120 s.
* Level Two requires finding two listed products within 110 s.
* Level Three challenges the player to find three listed products within 100 s.
* Players may retry a level if they fail to complete it within the allotted time.  
**Procedures:** The game begins at Level One. Players must act swiftly to complete each level within the designated time.  
**Boundaries:** The virtual supermarket comprises 12 shelving units stocked with various generic products. Only one shelving unit, containing six shelves, holds the products related to the task.  
**Controls:** The game uses standard first-person gameplay controls. Players navigate their characters using the \"W\", \"A\", \"S\", and \"D\" keys for movement and the mouse to change the viewpoint. To add an item from the shopping list to the basket, players click the mouse's left button. Table 2 provides a detailed breakdown of the keyboard and mouse controls.  
Resources: The game features a single supermarket setting with 12 shelving units. A shopping list is displayed in the lower-left corner of the screen, held by a hand. The game includes various products and an elderly woman character who seeks help from the players. In addition, a leaderboard displays the players' scores. Game mechanics also include a timer, ambient background sounds, a warning sound for the final 20 s of gameplay, and an audio cue that signals the completion of a task from the shopping list.  
Figure 2 introduces Game 1, where the elderly woman character says (translated), \"My dear, I'm too old and tired to shop. Could you help me pick up a few things from  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{l l l} \hline \hline
**Controller** & **Input** & **Action** \\ \hline Keyboard & w & Move forward \\ Keyboard & a & Move left \\ Keyboard & s & Move backward \\ Keyboard & d & Move right \\ Mouse & Cursor movement & Look at location \\ Mouse & Left click & Add product to basket \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}
Table 2: Keyboard inputs and actions.  
Figure 1: The representation of gameplay Level 1.  
the supermarket?\" Following this interaction, the player enters their name, thus activating Level One of the first game.  
**Task-Related Products:** \"Lion Detergent\", \"Chick Milk\", \"Rooster Cheese\", \"Zebra Wafer\", \"Deer Tea\", and \"Panda Chocolate\".  
**Non-Task-Related Products:** \"Elephant Cheese\", \"Giraffe Cheese\", \"Goat Detergent\", \"Penguin Detergent\", \"Butterfly Chocolate\", \"Rabbit Chocolate\", \"Bird Wafer\", \"Chicken Wafer\", \"Pelican Milk\", \"Squirrel Milk\", \"Fox Tea\", and \"Owl Tea\".