# AI Agents Meet Blockchain: A Survey on Secure and Scalable Collaboration for Multi-Agents
## 1 Introduction  
The global Web3 market is expected to reach a valuation of over USD 33.53 billion by 2030, which highlights its significant growth across industries and sectors [1]. Web3 represents the paradigm shift towards decentralized and user-centric internet services, where blockchain plays a fundamental role [2]. Blockchain is a decentralized distributed database that securely stores data across multiple nodes [3, 4]. Blockchain provides transparency, security, and decentralization to catalyze the growth of several key Web3 applications, such as decentralized finance (DeFi) and decentralized autonomous organizations (DAOs). Both DeFi and DAO demonstrate a significant market impact through enhanced financial accessibility and community-driven governance models [5]. For example, DeFi has surpassed USD 200 billion in total value locked (TVL), which demonstrates its transformative impacton traditional financial systems [6]. On the other hand, 5000 DAOs are globally managing billions of dollars in assets, which showcases their potential for decentralized governance and collective decision making [7]. However, Web3 faces several challenges, such as limited scalability and interoperability, high energy consumption, and security vulnerabilities [8; 9]. Artificial Intelligence (AI) plays a crucial role in addressing these challenges within Web3 and a blockchain ecosystem. By leveraging data-driven insights and optimization capabilities, AI enhances the future economic perspective of blockchain [10]. Additionally, AI boosts transaction throughput and detects anomalies, which are essential for ensuring the continued growth and stability of Web3 applications [11]. For instance, DeFi benefits from AI-driven risk assessment models to enhance financial security, automate trading strategies, and predict market trends [12]. Similarly, DAOs leverage AI to facilitate effective decision-making processes by analyzing vast amounts of community data and providing intelligent insights for governance [13]. On the other hand, AI's predictive capabilities aid in forecasting network congestion and preemptively optimize transaction routing to enhance the overall network performance. Moreover, AI contributes to efficient data processing and analysis within blockchain ecosystems. It also ensures better scalability and reliability by using machine learning (ML) models to predict and manage workloads effectively. Additionally, the integration of AI with blockchain facilitates adaptive consensus mechanisms, where AI algorithms dynamically adjust consensus parameters based on network conditions. However, there are several challenges with the integration of blockchain and AI, which include autonomous decision making, scalability under high transaction volumes, efficient energy consumption, enhanced data privacy, and adaptive consensus management [14]. AI agents (or autonomous agents) address these issues by leveraging autonomous decision-making capabilities, real-time data analysis, and generative functionalities [15; 16]. These agents are autonomous computational entities that perform tasks based on predefined goals, which makes them instrumental in addressing the challenges of Web3 [17]. In the era of GenAI and LLMs, AI agents have evolved significantly. They offer advanced capabilities for handling complex queries, generating natural language responses, and executing intricate decision-making tasks [18]. Similarly, these agents leverage generative capabilities to autonomously adapt to changing environments and facilitate decentralized decision-making processes. On the other hand, the concept of multi-agent systems (MASs) allows multiple AI agents to collaboratively work in order to solve complex problems within blockchain environments [19; 20; 21]. MAS enables distributed intelligence, where agents communicate, negotiate, and make collective decisions, which further enhances the scalability and efficiency in decentralized AI (DeAI) systems [22]. Therefore, integrating AI agents with blockchain presents several advantages.