###### Abstract  
This study aimed to determine the possibility of deploying an innovative electrical method and to establish the usefulness of conductivity and dielectric parameters for assessing the quality of Polish honews, as well as for distinguishing their botanical origin. An attempt was also made to determine which standard physicochemical parameter could be replaced by conductivity and dielectric parameters. The experimental material consisted of seven varieties of honey (linden, rapeseed, buckwheat, goldenrod, phacelia, multifloral, acacia), obtained from beekeepers from northern Poland. Their quality was assessed based on their physicochemical parameters, biological activity, and color. Electrical parameters were measured using a measuring system consisting of an LCR meter, and own-construction sensor. Conductivity (Z, G) and dielectric (Cs, Cp) parameters were measured. Statistical analysis of the results of measurements of electrical parameters of the seven types of honey tested allowed classifying them in terms of their conductivity properties into two groups of single-flower honews and one group of multi-flower honews. This proves the feasibility of identifying their botanical origin using the electrical method, which is characterized by non-invasiveness, measurement speed, and high sensitivity. The usefulness of parameters Z and G in replacing quality parameters was confirmed mainly for single-flower honews: buckwheat, linden, rapeseed, and phacelia. honey quality attributes; conductivity and dielectric parameters; botanical origin +
Footnote †: journal: Applied sciences  
0000-0002-4000-0000-0000-0000-0000-0000-0000-0000-0000-0000-0  
The assessment of the quality and authenticity of honey may concern many aspects that are found in the literature on the subject. However, researchers around the world focus on three main problems in this respect:  
1. quality--understood as a set of nutritional, physicochemical, sensory, and other characteristics typical of natural honey,
2. authenticity--i.e., ensuring that the honey is what it is considered and classified as (geographical origin, varietal origin, traces of adulteration),
3. safety--understood as meeting the parameters regarding the health safety of honey stipulated by law [8; 11; 12; 13]. The research methodology for assessing the quality of honey is strictly defined in legal acts [1; 14; 15]. The methodology for determining its physicochemical parameters and biological activity allows establishment of its quality and safety levels [2; 4; 11; 12]. However, choosing the right research method and interpreting the results of quality parameters in terms of confirming the authenticity of honey is not easy. It should be remembered that honey is a unique product, the quality of which is influenced by many parameters. Given the above, researchers deploy a variety of non-standard and combined methods in order to achieve the best possible effect of assessing its quality and authenticity [14; 16; 17]. The methods developed thus far have proved viable in assessing the quality of honey, but the search is still underway for the chemical compound characteristics of a specific variety of honey. Unfortunately, the results of these works are still burdened with a margin of error [12; 18; 19]. Hence, it seemed justified to conduct further research aimed at developing a viable methodology for assessing the quality and confirming the authenticity of honey [17; 20] that would reduce the number of measured parameters and be non-invasive [14; 16; 17; 18]. Methods for assessing honey quality that take into account electrical parameters are becoming increasingly popular in scientific research. Honeys are considered dielectrics in terms of their electrical properties, which means that they generally do not conduct electricity and exhibit the ability to accumulate electric charge.