## 2 Seismicity of the Selected Countries
### Iran  
The Iranian plateau is located on the Alpine-Himalayan seismic belt, which is considered to be one of the most seismic zones of the world [120; 121] and the source of major and destructive earthquakes that occurred in this country throughout history. Some of the most catastrophic earthquakes recorded in the seismic history of Iran include 1960 Lar (Ms = 6.5), 1962 Buin-Zahra (Ms = 7.2), 1978 Tabas (Mw = 7.35), 1990 Manjil (Mw = 7.37), and 2003 Bam (Mw = 6.6) [122]. One of the first elaborate attempts at research on the tectonics and seismicity of Iran was conducted by [PERSON] and [PERSON] (1982) [123]. [PERSON] (1994) [124] published the first earthquake catalogue of Iran. Updated earthquake catalogues and seismic zoning maps of Iran are regularly published by the seismic zoning sub-committee of the Iranian Seismic Code's permanent committee and are provided by the Iranian Strong Motion Network (ISMN) as the major source of seismology and earthquake engineering in Iran [125]. Figure 9 shows the epicenter of earthquakes that occurred in Iran in 2017 recorded by ISMN (ISMN, 2017) [126], while Figure 10 represents records of large earthquakes that occurred in Iran and adjacent countries from 1900 up to recent years [127]. This figure shows 17 earthquakes with M\({}_{\text{w}}\) > 7, 103 earthquakes with 6 \(<\) M\({}_{\text{w}}\) < 7, and more than 1700 earthquakes with M\({}_{\text{w}}\) > 5 that have occurred in the recorded seismic history of Iran [125]. It is also demonstrated from Figure 10 that the Zagros zone in the western and southwestern part of Iran is the most seismically active zone which also confirms the major seismic zone categorization proposed by [PERSON] and [PERSON] (1981) [128]. Based on Figures 11 and 12, as well as the earthquake zonation map of Iran, most of the provinces with large populations are located within high or very high seismic zone areas. As mentioned in the study by [PERSON] and [PERSON] [129], more than 70 percent of cities in Iran are in the vicinity or within the route of active faults, which poses a great risk of seismic hazards to such cities. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c c} \hline \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**No**} & **Earthquake** & **Station** & \multirow{2}{*}{**Year**} & **Earthquake** & **Magnitude** & \multirow{2}{*}{**PGA(g)**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Seismic Risk Zone**} & **PGA(g)** \\ \cline{5-8}  & **Location** & & & **Name** & & & **Magitude** & **Type** & **As Per** & **As Per** \\  & & & & & & & **TSDC-2007** & **TBEC-2018** \\ \hline
1 & T\(\ddot{\text{u}}\)rkiye & Van & 2011 & 7.2 & Mw & 0.182 & High & 0.399 \\
2 & T\(\ddot{\text{u}}\)rkiye & Bingöl & 2003 & 6.3 & Ms & 0.511 & Very High & 0.633 \\
3 & T\(\ddot{\text{u}}\)rkiye & D\(\ddot{\text{u}}\)zce & 1999 & 7.2 & Ms & 0.823 & Very High & 0.588 \\
4 & T\(\ddot{\text{u}}\)rkiye & Erzincan & 1992 & 6.8 & Ms & 0.485 & Very High & 0.432 \\
5 & T\(\ddot{\text{u}}\)rkiye & Kocaeli & 1999 & 7.4 & Ms & 0.399 & Very High & 0.690 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 11: Comparison of the measured and suggested PGA values of the selected earthquakes for T\(\ddot{\text{u}}\)rkiye. Figure 10: Large earthquakes in Iran and adjacent countries (1900–2019) [126]. Figure 9: Epicentre of earthquakes occurred in Iran in 2017, recorded by ISMN [126]. Epicentre locations, loss of life and properties, and magnitudes for some of the most destructive earthquakes that occurred in the seismic history of Iran have been presented in Table 12. Major sources of these data include USGS, ISMN, IIEES, and IRIS. Table 13 shows magnitudes, PGA values, and Design Base Accelerations (A(g)) for the calculation of base shear for building structures recommended by the Iranian Code of Practice for Earthquake Resistant Design of Buildings, Standard 2800 [136] for some of the most destructive earthquakes and corresponding seismic zones of Iran. Figure 11: The blueprint of the sample RC building. Figure 12: 2D models of the sample RC building for different numbers of stories.