## 1 Introduction
Other countries, including Japan, Australia, France, and Canada, have also shown interest in exploring the LTE-V2X deployment. The performance of DSRC and LTE-V2X (Long-Term Evolution Vehicle-to-Everything) in high-vehicle-density scenarios has been the subject of investigation [20]. The authors conducted a comparative analysis by evaluating various performance metrics such as throughput, packet-delivery ratio, and latency in the context of network congestion. They examined the congestion control mechanisms specified by the SAE for both DSRC and LTE-V2X PC5 Mode 4 to understand their impact on network performance. The outcome shows that a semi-persistent scheduling mechanism imposes packet loss in LTE-Sidelink comparisons to DSRC. Also, it is imperative to point out that LTE-V2X operates in two modes: Uu-based LTE-V2X and PC5-based LTE-V2X. Uu-based LTE-V2X utilizes the downlink and uplink of LTE networks for communication between user equipment (UEs). On the other hand, PC5-based LTE-V2X uses sidelinks, which are direct links between UE devices, for communication among UEs, with or without the support of eNBs (eNodeBs). PC5-based LTE-V2X is further divided into two modes: mode 3 and mode 4. In PC5 mode 3, the eNBs allocate sidelink resources to each UE, and the UEs broadcast packets using the allocated resources. In PC5 mode 4, each UE autonomously selects sidelink resources and broadcasts packets using the selected resources. Therefore, the operation scenario of PC5 mode 4 is similar to DSRC in the sense that both protocols do not rely on base stations for communication, and the channel access mechanisms are fully distributed. The DSRC has undergone notable advancements in recent years, with the establishment of updated system releases [21]. Notably, the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) has played a crucial role in standardizing DSRC technology. Theseadvancements include improvements in the transmission capabilities, with the aim of supporting higher data rates, enhanced reliability, and reduced latency compared to previous releases [22]. These advancements have garnered attention from public safety organizations seeking to leverage the benefits of DSRC for improved communication with first responders and law enforcement agencies. In Europe, DSRC is known as ETSI ITS-G5 and has been deployed in many European countries [23]. Australia has also embraced DSRC, referred to as Cooperative Intelligent Transport Systems (C-ITSs) and deployed it significantly in the country, while Singapore has been deploying DSRC technology in major cities since 2010 [24]. The international deployments of DSRC serve as significant milestones in realizing its potential for revolutionizing the transportation system. These deployments reflect the global efforts made toward its integration and adoption. Despite the remarkable progress in the field of vehicular communication using DSRC, [22] acknowledges that there are still challenges to be addressed. However, [25] emphasizes the need for further work in optimizing bandwidth utilization, particularly in the context of multimedia transmission. The existing literature on multimedia for vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs) reveals limited applicability due to regulatory bandwidth constraints and device limitations. As a result, message dictionaries established by standards bodies lack multimedia support. While many studies have veered away from pursuing multimedia in VANETs, it is crucial to consider that a complete pull-back could exclude new multimedia services that can benefit transportation use cases and coexist with the deployed VANET infrastructure. Instead of dismissing multimedia altogether, a more intelligent approach can be adopted to selectively transmit concise audio-visual content at the edge of the network. This opens up possibilities for innovative applications without compromising the core functionalities and safety-critical communication of the existing VANET ecosystem.