## 6 Result and Analysis
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c} \hline \hline  & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Gas Price in ETH = 0.00000012, ETH Price (USD) = 2740**} \\ \hline
**Sr.No.** & **Function** & \begin{tabular}{c} **Gas Consumed** \\ **(GWEI)** \\ \end{tabular} & \
\begin{tabular}{c} **Cost for Standard** \\ **Execution (ETH)** \\ \end{tabular} &
\begin{tabular}{c} **Cost for Slow** \\ **Execution (USD)** \\ \end{tabular} \\ \hline
1 & addPatient & 167,933 & 0.019312295 & 52.9156883 \\ \hline
2 & addDoctor & 167,368 & 0.01924732 & 52.7376568 \\ \hline
3 & addChemist & 143,061 & 0.016452015 & 45.0785211 \\ \hline
4 & addlabAdmin & 143,023 & 0.016447645 & 45.0665473 \\ \hline
5 & signPatientRecord & 81,699 & 0.009395385 & 25.7433549 \\ \hline
6 & signDoctorRecord & 83,693 & 0.009624695 & 26.3716643 \\ \hline
7 & signChemistRecord & 80,596 & 0.00926854 & 25.3957996 \\ \hline
8 & signLabAdmin & 80,332 & 0.00923818 & 25.3126132 \\ \hline
9 & getDoctorDetails & 32,941 & 0.003788215 & 10.3797091 \\ \hline
10 & precord & 39,277 & 0.004516855 & 12.3761827 \\ \hline
11 & hash & 45,872 & 0.00527528 & 14.4542672 \\ \hline
12 & accessFile & 25,434 & 0.00292491 & 8.0142534 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 2: Cost estimate for standard executions of transactions. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c} \hline \hline  & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Gas Price in ETH = 0.000000109, ETH Price (USD) = 2740**} \\ \hline
**Sr.No.** & **Function** & \begin{tabular}{c} **Gas Consumed** \\ **(GWEI)** \\ \end{tabular} & \
\begin{tabular}{c} **Cost for Slow** \\ **Execution (ETH)** \\ \end{tabular} &
\begin{tabular}{c} **Cost for Slow** \\ **Execution (USD)** \\ \end{tabular} \\ \hline
1 & addPatient & 167,933 & 0.018304697 & 50.15486978 \\ \hline
2 & addDoctor & 167,368 & 0.018243112 & 49.98612688 \\ \hline
3 & addChemist & 143,061 & 0.015593649 & 42.72659826 \\ \hline
4 & addlabAdmin & 143,023 & 0.015589507 & 42.71524918 \\ \hline
5 & signPatientRecord & 81,699 & 0.008905191 & 24.40022334 \\ \hline
6 & signDoctorRecord & 83,693 & 0.009122537 & 24.99575138 \\ \hline
7 & signChemistRecord & 80,596 & 0.008784964 & 24.07080136 \\ \hline
8 & signLabAdmin & 80,332 & 0.008756188 & 23.99195512 \\ \hline
9 & getDoctorDetails & 32,941 & 0.003590569 & 9.83815906 \\ \hline
10 & precord & 39,277 & 0.004281193 & 11.73046882 \\ \hline
11 & hash & 45,872 & 0.005000048 & 13.70013152 \\ \hline
12 & accessFile & 25,434 & 0.002772306 & 7.59611844 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 3: Cost estimate for slow executions of transactions. The Ethereum blockchain is used for the deployment of the proposed solution. Use of the Ethereum blockchain is increasing day by day. More and more addresses are being registered on it, as shown in Figure 25. The gas price on the Ethereum blockchain change daily. The average gas price during 2016 to 2022 is shown in Figure 26. As the number of registered users are increasing, the daily transaction execution count is also increasing, as shown in Figure 27.  
Existing approaches are compared with the proposed approach on the basis of various attributes. These attributes include the speed of transaction executions, energy consumption, processing power requirements, consensus algorithm, possibility of 51% attack, etc. Comparative analysis of the proposed approach with the existing approach is shown in Table 4. Existing approaches [15; 42] use proof of work as the consensus algorithm. In this algorithm, a transaction is confirmed when multiple miners validate that particular transaction. Limitations with this process are its consumption of lots of energy, slow confirmation, and problem of 51% attack. In the proposed approach, the proof-of-authority consensus algorithm is used. In this process, predefined, limited nodes have the capability to validate the transactions. Energy consumption is low and confirmation of transactions is fast. Figure 24: Cost comparison of fast, standard and slow execution of transactions. Figure 25: Growth in active addresses on Ethereum (source: etherscan.io).