## 3 Results and Discussion  
The pattern of the XRD for all the glass samples did not show any sharp diffraction or peaks, as shown in Figure 1, which confirms the amorphous nature for all the studied glass samples. Figure 2 shows the FTIR spectrum for lithium-aluminium-borate (LAB) glass doped with various Dy\({}^{3+}\) ion concentrations. All infrared spectrums revealed several absorption bands, as listed in Table 2.  
Density (\(\rho\)) is a key physical parameter for analysing the physical features of glass samples, as it indicates the relation between the masses and the volume within the glass system. Likewise, the molar volume (\(V_{m}\)) also correlates directly to the oxygen distribution in the glass structure. Figure 3 shows the relation between the density and molar volume of the glass upon adding the different concentrations of Dy\({}_{2}\)O\({}_{3}\). Figure 1: XRD pattern for all studied glasses. Figure 2: FTIR of spectra for the various concentration of Dy\({}^{3+}\) doped in Li\({}_{2}\)O–Al\({}_{2}\)O\({}_{3}\)–B\({}_{2}\)O\({}_{3}\) glasses. As illustrated in Table 3, the \(V_{m}\) of these glasses increases slightly with increasing Dy\({}_{2}\)O\({}_{3}\) concentration up to 0.4 mol\(\%\), but the \(V_{m}\) values decrease gradually from 29.28 up to 29.17 cm\({}^{3}\) with the addition of Dy\({}_{2}\)O\({}_{3}\) up to 1 mol\(\%\). This enhancement in \(V_{m}\) value can be related to the decrement in glass compactness. Upon further addition of Dy\({}_{2}\)O\({}_{3}\), the \(V_{m}\) values reduce gradually as a result of the increasing compactness of the glass system [27; 28; 29]. The replacement with Dy\({}_{2}\)O\({}_{3}\) instead of B\({}_{2}\)O\({}_{3}\) changes the ratio of boron to oxygen, creating BO\({}_{4}\) units that contribute to the compactness of the glass structure, thereby increasing the glass density. Furthermore, the molecular weight of Dy\({}_{2}\)O\({}_{3}\) is higher than B\({}_{2}\)O\({}_{3}\), meaning a significant increase in glass density [30]. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c} \hline \hline \multicolumn{5}{c}{**Positions of Band (cm\({}^{-1}\)) for LAB Glasses with Diverse Dy\({}^{3+}\)**} \\  & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Bands Assignments**} \\ \hline
**0.0** & **0.2** & **0.4** & **0.6** & **0.8** & **1.0** \\ \hline
412.7, & 416.6, & 426.2, & 433.9, & 406.6, & 406.9, \\
526.5 & 586.3 & 540.06 & 578.6 & 588.3 & 563.2 \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{692.4} & \multirow{4}{*}{696.3} & \multirow{4}{*}{694.3} & \multirow{4}{*}{700.1} & \multirow{4}{*}{696.3} & \multirow{4}{*}{692.4} & \multirow{4}{*}{Bending vibration B-O-B linkages} \\  & & & & & & with BO\({}_{3}\) units altogether with \\ \cline{1-1}  & & & & & & B-O-B bending vibration of \\ \cline{1-1}  & & & & & & \\ \cline{1-1}  
The calculated \(r_{p}\), \(r_{i}\) and \(F\) values are listed in Table 3, and Figure 4 displays the behaviour of these parameters. The decrease in \(r_{p}\) and \(r_{i}\) with increased Dy\({}_{2}\)O\({}_{3}\) is related to the decrease in the Dy-O distance, as a result of which the strength of the Dy-O bond increases, producing stronger field around Dy\({}^{3+}\) ions [8]. Besides, the addition of Dy\({}_{2}\)O\({}_{3}\) to the glass network led to overcrowding that decreased the average distance between the RE-oxygen. The significant increment in field strength values is, therefore, due to the appearance of strong linkages in the glass matrix between Dy\({}^{3+}\) and B ions. [10]. It is noted from this table that the boron-boron separation \(\cdot\)d\({}_{\text{B-B}^{\prime}}\) decreases with an increase in the Dy\({}_{2}\)O\({}_{3}\) concentration due to the stretching force of the binds in the glass network. Figure 5 displays the optical absorption spectrum for the Dy\({}^{3+}\) doped lithium-aluminium-borate (LAB) glass samples within wavelengths in the range 300-1890 nm at room temperature. A spectrum identifies that the intensity of absorption raises with an addendum to Dy\({}_{2}\)O\({}_{3}\)[29; 31].