## 2 Literature Review
To keep the node alive, its residual energy should be as high as possible, and its position should be as low as possible so that it does not drop to the bottom. Based on simulation results, the proposed routing protocol performs better than the existing routing protocols regarding data transfer speed and the most significant number of active nodes. The authors focused on only energy consumption through the fuzzy logic method, while transmission loss and packet delivery ratio were not discussed. The authors in [12] propose a power-efficient routing protocol (PER) to reduce energy utilization in the network by choosing the optimum nodes for packet forwarding. Sending node selector and forwarding tree pruning mechanism are two parts of the PER. The first module uses a fuzzy logic interface and tree decision to select the next two forwarder nodes based on angle, residual energy, and distance. In addition, tree forwarding is employed to discover the most efficient route for packet distribution. In reality, tree forwarding stops additional packets from spreading in the network. The different ocean factors, such as noise and transmission loss, are not considered in the design time. Regarding the issues of propagation delay, power constraint, and bandwidth, a new method dubbed \"multimedia- and multiband-based adaption layer strategies\" is proposed in [13]. Using the proposed routing technique, data are efficiently captured and sent. The sink hierarchically receives information, which is how it should be. This task is broken down into two separate steps to select a procedure. Using the Manhattan method, you can identify which nodes are closest and farthest from your final destination and which media is best for sharing data. Using RSSI, you may estimate how far something is from you. The multimedia modem supports the 70 to 140 kHz bandwidth of acoustic waves. An infrared wavelength range from 700 nm to 1 mm only employs a single bandwidth, and blue light with a wavelength of 450 to 485 nm is used to communicate in the visible light spectrum. Simulations show that the suggested method has superior energy consumption, bandwidth, and propagation delay to the current standard. The main focus in [14] is the network's stability and noise analysis. These two factors focus on a routing technique known as a depth-based noise-aware scheme. The whole network is entirely unaware of the existence of any nodes at first. The channel reciprocity rule is observed when a hello packet is sent from the source to the destination. Every node receives its ID number, depth, and noise information from this hello packet. As a result, each node gets to know the others. Every node in the source transmission range receives the information signal when it generates it. There is a massive energy crisis if all network nodes submit this info to the sink node. Only one node is chosen to transmit the packet in this case. This node selects the parameters with the lowest depth and noise. Such a sink node is determined to complete the data transmission successfully. This node should be set to reduce energy usage and improve signal quality. Furthermore, the network's stability period improves as the number of live nodes grows and the number of dead nodes decreases. High network traffic on the relay node issue persists. The upcoming parameters affect the network's overall performance in packet delivery, battery life, and data error rate because of the harsh and unpredictable environment in underwater wireless sensor networks. New approaches have been offered in [15] to deal with these problems. This protocol partitioned the network into four sections based on the node depth. The sensor nodes are divided into depth-based zones: the lowest depth node region, the medium depth node region, and the maximum depth node region. Each of these regions has a different depth. A sink node in each area interfaces directly with the ocean sink node. Only one random node from each zone transfers data to the sink node in that region. Each region has its random nodes.