# A Review on Wind Turbine Deterministic Power Curve Models +
Footnote †: journal: Applied Physics Letters B  
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As part of the research in wind energy, wind turbine (WT) and wind farm (WF) power curves have been attracting more and more attention in recent years. This paper focuses on reviewing some amount of work developed about WT power curves (WTPC). It is a well-known fact that WTPCs show the relationship between wind speed and the electrical power supplied by a WT. They are provided by the manufacturers and as a first option; moreover, they can be given in tabular format by means of pairs of values. In a horizontal axis WT (HAWT), it is generally assumed by the researchers the fact that the WT will generate a given value of power for its corresponding value of wind speed when this value of wind speed is the one that can be measured immediately in front of its hub. Alternatively, the manufacturers can simply deliver a graph in which such pairs of values can be derived by observation. In any case, these values can be used by stakeholders and promoters to infer not only the amount of power to be expected in a given location but also the value of energy a given WT can capture from the wind, for which the only additional information needed is the wind speed probability distribution at the given location. That said, the manufacturers are encouraged to provide their curves in a particular way. There is a standardized procedure to establish them, and it has been given by the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) in its document IEC-61400-12-1 [8]. In this way, the measured WTPC is generally determined by applying the so-called method of bins for the normalized data sets. This method uses intervals of 0.5 m/s in the whole range of possible wind speeds, and then it establishes the calculation of the mean values of the normalized wind speed and the normalized power output for each wind speed bin. Therefore, as only a finite number of measurements can be taken, the WTPCs obtained in such experiments are discrete functions. The above constitutes an idealistic analysis of what actually happens. In a real life case, WTs and, hence, WFs, suffer operating conditions that out them from the ideal ones experienced in manufacturer laboratories and wind tunnels where the WTPCs are measured. In a WF, WTs are usually subjected to different conditions depending on the air temperature, moisture, turbulence created by several reasons such as wake effect and shear effect, presence of ice, loss of efficiency due to aging, and other possible ones [9]. Regarding the topic of this paper, what is actually of interest is how to tackle WTPCs from an analytical or numerical point of view. In many analysis applications and in many research and software tools, it is important to deal with such curves, and this fact reveals the importance of WTPC modeling. Henceforward, the paper focuses on the analysis and discussion of different WTPC models of three-bladed HAWTs. These kind of machines, with different internal layouts regarding their electrical devices (not analyzed here), are among the most used in the electricity networks across the world. There are some interesting surveys in the literature, where different models of WTPCs are presented. Although some of them are explained along this paper and this section does not pretend to introduce them all, some studies can be mentioned at this point because they have used several models with different goals. An example is the work by [PERSON] and [PERSON] [10], where the authors proposed a comparative analysis of different techniques for the modeling of WTPCs and applied them to the cases of three different commercial WTs. A similar proposal can be found in the work by [PERSON] et al.