## 2 Materials and Methods  
The site of the experiment was in Astana city, in the basement of the tallest building complex in Central Asia--Abu Dhabi Plaza, 320 m high. Abu Dhabi Plaza is a complex high-rise building with a retail and leisure podium and a hotel cluster at the base that rises to form a series of office and residential towers to the north--a creation of the famous British architect [PERSON] (Figure 3). The tower's wind loads fluctuate depending on wind speed, wind direction, and local effects such as swirls. The ambient temperature during the measurement of the tower settlement was recorded to ensure normalization of the results. The measured data had to be collected to minimize the effect of temperature effects throughout the tower and to limit the effect of localized heating, the effect of solar warm amplification, and the settlement of the sun during the day. Localized temperature control was considered in specific work sites below the working front. Structural elements in unloaded floors opened to the environment were considered at ambient temperature during the collection of these readings. Hydrostatic pressure under the raft foundation was not considered. Ground conditions are presented in Table 1 and correspond to the conditions of zone 4 of the city of Astana [13]. The engineering geological profile of the construction site is presented in Figure 4. A detailed description of foundation casting technology during the construction is presented by [PERSON] et al. [14]. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c} \hline \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**Soil Type**} & \multirow{2}{*}{\begin{tabular}{c} **Thickness,** \\ **m** \\ \end{tabular} } & \multirow{2}{*}{\begin{tabular}{c} **Bulk** \\ **Density,** \\ **kN/m3** \\ \end{tabular} } & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Angle of**} & \multirow{2}{*}{\
\begin{tabular}{c} **Cohesion** \\ **Friction \(\mathbf{\omega}\),** \\ **kN/m3** \\ \end{tabular} } & \multirow{2}{*}{
\begin{tabular}{c} **Modulus of** \\ **Deformation** \\ **E\({}_{\text{d}}\), MPa** \\ \end{tabular} } \\ \hline Clay/Loam & 4.0 & 18.5 & 25 & 1 & 15 \\ Sand and Gravel & 4.5 & 19 & 35 & 1 & 25 \\ Silty Clay & 2.5 & 18.5 & 26 & 30 & 30 \\ Rock Debris & 2.0 & 20.5 & 35 & 1 & 50 \\ Sandstone & 2.0 & 23.5 & 38 & 40 & 65 \\ Hard Sandstone & Below & 24.0 & 38 & 50 & 100 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 1: Soil properties. Figure 3: Abu Dhabi Plaza Building Complex. Block R is the tallest building in the complex and is a 75-storey residential building with a 4-storey underground parking at the base. The foundation structure of the building consists of a pile raft, including Auger Cast Piles of 1125 m and boring piles with a diameter of 1.2 to 1.5 m. The length of the piles varies depending on the height of blocks, from 13 to 25 m, of high-strength concrete with an exposure durability of 40 MPa. The raft is built form the C28/35 concrete. The maximum design excavation level for the construction of a raft for block R was \(-\)19.30 m. The basement floors consist of 4 levels from B1 to B4. On the B1 level there is an analyzer of the monitoring system for temperature and strain data collected via a distributed fiber optic strain sensing system (DFOSS) on the B4 level (Figure 5). The direction of data reading is shown by arrows. The applied DFOSS system transmits the signal via a grid of fiber optic cable to the B4 raft linked to an analyzer located in a temperature- and humidity-controlled room at the B1 level. The transmission process is based on the backscattering of light, which is transmitted through an optical fiber almost without loss. The basis of backscattered light is produced by Brillouin scattering [15]. The frequency of Brillouin backscattering of light at any point along the length of the fiber depends on the strain and temperature at that point. Thus, given that the optical fiber transmits light pulses in full, by analyzing the frequency of backscattered light, it is possible to accurately determine the effects of temperature and deformation anywhere along the fiber.