## 3 Methodology
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c} \hline \hline  & **Based on** & **Parameters** & **Simulation** & **Compared with** & **Limitations** \\ \hline
[35] & RTLD & \
\begin{tabular}{c} Link quality, E2E \\ delay, and \\ remaining battery \\ \end{tabular} & NS-2 & RTLD &
\begin{tabular}{c} Not intelligent; unable \\ to optimize with \\ dynamical changes in \\ the network \\ \end{tabular} \\ \hline
[37,38] & SRTLD & \
\begin{tabular}{c} Link quality, E2E \\ delay, and \\ remaining battery \\ \end{tabular} & NS-2 &
\begin{tabular}{c} RTLD, SRTLD, \\ BIOSARP, ESPA, \\ TinyHash, TinySec, \\ TinySec-AE, TinySec, \\ TinySec-Auth, EBSs, \\ and LBRS-Auth \\ \end{tabular} & Every deployment or \\
[37,38] & SRTLD & \begin{tabular}{c} Link quality, E2E \\ delay, and \\ remaining battery \\ \end{tabular} & NS-2 & \
\begin{tabular}{c} TinyHash, TinySec, \\ TinySec-AE, TinySec, \\ TinySec-Auth, EBSs, \\ and LBRS-Auth \\ \end{tabular} &
\begin{tabular}{c} Every deployment or \\ little change in the \\ network needs all \\ network nodes to \\ be reconfigured \\ \end{tabular} \\ \hline
[39] & \begin{tabular}{c} All nodes know \\ the destination \\ location \\ \end{tabular} & \
\begin{tabular}{c} Queuing and \\ processing delays \\ \end{tabular} & OMNeT++ & ABLAR and 3D &
\begin{tabular}{c} Simulations under \\ various network \\ densities and traffic \\ load conditions, but \\ power is mainly \\ not considered \\ \end{tabular} \\ \hline
[40] & \begin{tabular}{c} Distribution of \\ helium-3 (3 He) \\ \end{tabular} & \begin{tabular}{c} Average distance \\ based on \\ coordinates \\ \end{tabular} & MATLAB & \
\begin{tabular}{c} Four-directional \\ placement (FDP) \\ heuristic algorithm \\ \end{tabular} &
\begin{tabular}{c} Only the \\ multi-objective WSN \\ placement problem \\ is considered \\ \end{tabular} \\ \hline
[41] & AntHocNet & Link quality & Network Simulator & \
\begin{tabular}{c} AntOR-DLR, \\ AntOR-DLR, \\ AntOR-v2, and \\ HACOR \\ \end{tabular} &
\begin{tabular}{c} Power or the \\ remaining energy \\ parameter is \\ not considered \\ \end{tabular} \\ \hline
[42] & \begin{tabular}{c} Gradient field and \\ broadcasting \\ messages and \\ exchanging hops \\ \end{tabular} & \begin{tabular}{c} Data transmission, \\ delay packet loss \\ rate, and node \\ residual energy \\ \end{tabular} & \begin{tabular}{c} Programmed \\ Simulator \\ \end{tabular} & \
\begin{tabular}{c} Equilibrium-based \\ algorithm (DEBA) \\ \end{tabular} &
\begin{tabular}{c} The data packets are \\ sent to destination \\ only on shortest path \\ \end{tabular} \\ \hline
[43] & \begin{tabular}{c} ADMM-based \\ average consensus \\ algorithm \\ \end{tabular} & \begin{tabular}{c} Gram-Schmidt \\ process and power- \\ method-like \\ iterations \\ \end{tabular} & Theoretically & \
\begin{tabular}{c} SDP-based \\ approach \\ \end{tabular} &
\begin{tabular}{c} No experiments \\ were conducted \\ \end{tabular} \\ \hline
[44] & OLSR & \begin{tabular}{c} Link quality and \\ neighbor link \\ quality \\ \end{tabular} & NS2 & \
\begin{tabular}{c} OLSR, EE-OLSR, and \\ AntNet \\ \end{tabular} &
\begin{tabular}{c} Feedback is involved \\ that comes with huge \\ traffic overhead \\ \end{tabular} \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 1: Related Work Comparison. remaining energy weight. Other parameters in Equation (2) include \(min\) and \(max\), which are the minimum value and the maximum value, respectively. In P-BIOSARP, the parameter remaining energy (\(\delta\)) is given the maximum \(w\), and the other two, link quality (\(\alpha\)) and delay (\(\beta\)), are given the smallest \(w\) when calculating the probability of \(n\) by Equation (2).