## 1 Introduction
Figure 1: The spectral properties of fully oxygenated blood (100% oxygen saturation is represented by the green line) and oxygen-reduced blood (50% oxygen saturation blue-purple blood is represented by the violet line), and the spectral power distribution (SPD) of the 4000 K Planckian Radiator reference light is represented by the black line. In Figure 3, the parameters (\(R_{f}\), \(R_{g}\), \(R_{cs,h1}\)) of the FLs that are compliant with the ANSI chromaticity requirements are presented. These lamps satisfy the criteria for being categorized into one of the CPC classes. The graphs in Figure 3 show that the \(R_{f}\) and \(R_{S}\) indices always correspond to the requirements of the highest CPC class (P1). In contrast, the \(R_{cs,h1}\) parameter can be associated with any of the three CPC classes. This parameter, therefore, plays a pivotal role in determining the CPC classification (Table 3) of FL lamps. Figure 2: (a) spectral power distributions (SPDs) of typical fluorescent lamps [26; 37; 38] and (b) chromaticity coordinates of these lamps. The ellipses (4 steps and 5 steps) for the three nominal CCT values are indicated by blue dashed lines. The magenta and yellowish (lime yellow) stars are for lamps applicable in Australia/New Zealand, where CCT is in the range 3300 K \(\leq\) CCT \(\leq\) 5300 K, and the magenta stars are for lamps with nominal CCT in the range 4000 K \(\leq\) CCT \(\leq\) 5000 K.  
Table 4 provides the luminous efficiency of radiation (LER), together with the values of CCT, CRI Ra, CRI Ra, \(R_{g}\), \(R_{fskin}\), and COI, according to the CPC class (P1, P2, and P3). Considering the requirements concerning the COI parameter, all fluorescent lamps belonging to P1 class are suitable for use in medical examination rooms. However, their LER values are the lowest in comparison to other CPC classes. Table 4 also shows that not all FLs belonging to P2 or P3 classes meet the COI requirement. In the European Union (EU), a regulation is being enacted to eliminate environmentally hazardous materials, including mercury [1]. The EU has prohibited the largest category of mercury-containing light sources for both new and renovated lighting installations as of September 2023 [12]. This ban aligns with the EU's Restriction of Hazardous Substances (RoHS) Directive [9], which aims to accelerate the global shift to sustainable and energy-efficient LED lighting [41], in harmony with the United Nations Minamata Convention on Mercury [13]. This shift has also led to the integration of LEDs into healthcare facilities. Consequently, there is currently a massive transition from traditional light sources, such as fluorescent lamps, to solid-state lighting (LED-based lighting products). The transition to LEDs is additionally driven by legislation on product energy efficiency [42; 43; 44; 45], emphasizing the importance of adopting high-efficiency lighting solutions across various applications. Depending on the application of LEDs, parameters other than energy efficiency need to be examined [47]. The following sections examine commercially available LEDs and investigate the relationship between their color quality and their energy efficiency when they are used in healthcare examination rooms. The latest recommended method (CPC classification) to describe the color quality of LED lights, which was also introduced by ANSI as the TM30-20 standard, is used in this investigation. This method is new but internationally recognized and applied in research by many lighting professionals [34; 48; 49; 50; 51; 52; 53]. In addition, the results given by the CPC methods are compared with the LED classification given by classically used in those types of application CRI Ra, R\({}_{g}\), and \(R_{fskin}\) parameters.