## 1 Introduction  
In recent years, sustainability has received growing interest from industries and consumers due to the ongoing global environmental crisis and the recommendation and issues settled by European Green Deal. The cosmetic industry is a growing economic sector that generates significant levels of consumption in natural resources and is often under strict control for its selection and use of raw materials, for its environmental impact, and for the safety issues of the final products [1; 2]. Furthermore, environmental issues are highly considered by consumers, and there is an increasing demand for products presenting high levels of safety for the skin and also being environmentally sustainable [3]. There is a need to design products and processes that minimize their environmental footprint. In this context, cosmetic companies have implemented several strategies to improve their sustainability. At first, implementing the packaging using reusable, recyclable, or biodegradable materials but also taking into consideration the design of products considering a life cycle thinking [1]. The life cycle assessment (LCA) methodology is spreading in cosmetic industries as an evaluation tool to estimate the environmental impact of final products towards a green transition also in terms of raw materials selection and manufacturing steps [4]. Another significant topic related to the ecological transition of cosmetics is the use of alternative \"sustainable\" raw materials. For this reason, bio-waste is studied and, in some cases, used to obtain new raw materials, and the sourcing of new raw materials from waste presenting reduced environmental impact, such as \"upcycled\" ingredients from short and circular supply chains, has become necessary [5; 6]. Meanwhile, large amounts of food waste originate from the food industry, which ends up in landfills, participating in the global emission of carbon and anthropogenic methane, and contributing to the development of global warming as well as being a cost for the disposal. Furthermore, the recovery of by-products from already existing supply chains reduces the need for the specific cultivations of botanicals for extraction purposes, saving soil and water for food and for other productions [3; 7]. Several food wastes have a large potential to be used in the cosmetic industry thanks to their richness in antioxidants, polyphenols, proteins, minerals, vitamins, carotenoids, lignans, polysaccharides, natural-derived polymers, and other active substances. Reducing or eliminating waste from the food industry and developing processes that can turn it into valuable products has become an urgent goal to save natural resources and to reduce methane and carbon dioxide emissions, thus helping to boost a circular economy [8]. In this perspective, our research group started a collaboration with a local company, Rigoni di Asiago (Vicenza, Italy), which is one of the main Italian producers of jams and marmalades and cultivates several organic berries (e.g., raspberry, blackberry, blackcurrant, strawberry) in a large scale, generating a huge quantity of bio-waste (about 80 tons/year) made by seeds with residue of pulp and peel. Since berries seeds are important source of vegetal oils containing valuable fatty acids, sterols, tocopherols, and other lipophilic compounds [9], an eco-friendly process using supercritical fluid extraction based on carbon dioxide (SCO\({}_{2}\)) was developed to valorize processing waste from fruits and obtain upcycled oils for cosmetic purposes. SCO\({}_{2}\) extraction has been identified as favorable and performing technique for the recovery of lipophilic actives from natural sources for nutraceutical, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic applications thanks to its low oxidative and thermal impact [10]. SCO\({}_{2}\) extraction allows for obtaining high-quality oils that often do not require further refining; it preserves the unaltered original properties and excludes contamination by residual liquid solvents [11; 12].