## 3 Experimental Design
### Result Analysis
#### 3.3.4 Analysis of Physical Property Indicators of the Soil in the Consolidation Zone  
Based on the chemical equation of the hydration and curing reaction of quicktime, a theoretical analysis was conducted on the density and moisture content of the surrounding soil after a single water-absorbing and compacting anchoring rod underwent water absorption, expansion, compaction, and consolidation. The mass increment in the water consumed from the soil by the chemical reaction between quicktime and water is:  
\[\Delta m_{w}=\frac{\pi D^{2}}{4}\times 0.31\rho_{\text{C}_{\alpha 0}}(1-n_{ \text{C}_{\alpha 0}}) \tag{1}\]  
where \(\Delta m_{w}\) is the mass of water consumed by the chemical reaction; \(\rho_{\text{C}_{\alpha 0}}\), \(n_{\text{C}_{\alpha 0}}\) are the density of calcium oxide particles and the porosity, respectively; and \(D\) is the initial diameter of the water-absorbing and compacting section of the anchoring rod. Taking a unit volume of soil for the calculation, and assuming a uniform distribution of the moisture content within the range affected by expansion and compaction, the average increment in the moisture content reduction in the soil due to water absorption by quicktime is:  
\[\Delta\omega=\frac{\Delta m_{w}}{m_{s}}=\frac{\pi}{4}D^{2}\times 0.31\rho_{ \text{C}_{\alpha 0}}(1-n_{\text{C}_{\alpha 0}}) \tag{2}\]  
After quicktime absorbs water and expands, it compacts the surrounding soil, resulting in a decrease in the void ratio of the soil and an increase in the density of the soil between piles. The range of compaction influence is taken as 3-4 times the diameter of the water-absorbing and compacting section. Taking a unit volume of soil for the calculation and assuming a uniform distribution of voids within the range affected by expansion and compaction, the average increment in the decreased void ratio in the soil is:  
\[\Delta e=\frac{\Delta V_{\
u}}{V_{s}}=\frac{\pi}{4}[D^{2}-(\eta D)^{2}] \tag{3}\]  
where \(\Delta e\) is the increment in the soil void ratio before and after compaction and \(\eta\) represents the expansion coefficient. The water absorption, heat release, and expansion-compaction process of the water-absorbing and compaction anchoring section of the anchor bolt promote soil consolidation, reduce the soil moisture content, decrease the soil void ratio, and improve the soil shear strength parameters. The shear strength of the soil within the reinforced area is:  
\[\tau_{ft}=c+\gamma^{\prime}_{sat}z\tan\varphi+\Delta\sigma_{r}\overline{U}_{ s(\theta)}\tan\varphi \tag{4}\]  
where \(c,\ \varphi\) are the cohesion and internal friction angle of the soil, respectively, both of which are functions of dry density and moisture content; and \(\gamma^{\prime}_{sat}\), \(\Delta\sigma_{r}\) represent the buoyant unit weight of the soil and the additional stress caused by expansion and compaction, respectively. \(\overline{U}_{s(\theta)}\) represents the average degree of consolidation of the soil surrounding the anchor bolt and \(z\) represents the distance from the calculation point to the ground surface. To verify the water absorption, expansion, compaction, and consolidation effects of the water-absorbing and compaction anchoring section, an excavation verification was carried out on this section after the test. During the excavation, a vernier caliper was used to measure the radial volumetric expansion of each anchor bolt, and a soil sampler was employed to take samples at radial intervals of 5 cm, 10 cm, and 10 cm along the anchor bolt for the analysis of the soil moisture content and density. The excavation test photos are shown in Figure 14. Table 5 presents the results of the radial expansion, moisture content, density, void ratio, and other physical parameter indicators at the 10 cm radial position obtained from the excavation test. The test results in Table 5 demonstrate that the water-absorbing and compaction anchoring section has a significant effect on expanding, compacting, and consolidating the surrounding soil.