# Camera-Based Continuous Heart and Respiration Rate Monitoring in the ICU
## 5 Conclusions  
We evaluated the performance of camera-based heart and respiration rate monitoring. We found that with the exception of some remaining challenges, the extraction methods show promise in monitoring these vital parameters. Additionally, the largest time gap between two vital parameter measurements was 239 and 114 min for the heart and respiration rate, respectively. These are shorter than the typical intervals between spot checks in the general ward, which occur every 4-6 h [3]. These metrics, combined with our findings on the performance, show promise that camera-based heart and respiration rate monitoring could become a viable option to replace spot checks of these vital parameters in the general ward.  
Conceptualization, R.J.C.v.E., I.C.C., C.V., C.K., L.D., R.A.B., L.M., J.B., S.S. and S.Z.; methodology, R.J.C.v.E.; software, R.J.C.v.E.; validation, I.C.C.; formal analysis, R.J.C.v.E.; investigation, I.C.C. and C.V.; resources, I.C.C., C.V. and C.K.; data curation, I.C.C.; writing--original draft preparation, R.J.C.v.E.; writing--review and editing, I.C.C., C.V., K.R.A.B., L.D., S.S. and S.Z.; visualization, R.J.C.v.E.; supervision, R.A.B., L.D., L.M., J.B., S.S. and S.Z.; project administration, S.Z.; funding acquisition, R.A.B., L.D. and J.B. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.  
This study is part of the research proposal funded by ZonMw, NWO, the Hartstichting, Philips, and the Dutch CardioVascular Alliance (DCVA) through the funding call \"Heart for a sustainable healthcare Medical devices for early recognition, prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases contributing to sustainable healthcare\" (grant nr. IMDI104021003). Additional funding was obtained from the Catharina Onderzoeksfonds of the Catharina hospital in Eindhoven (grant nr. FORSEE-2019-6).  
This work is part of the FORSEE study, a prospective single-center validation study of video-based vital sign monitoring in ICU patients in a tertiary care hospital (Catharina Ziekenhuis, Eindhoven, The Netherlands). The study was reviewed by the medical ethical committee of the MEC-U (Nieuwgeein, The Netherlands, File no: W20.180), who determined that the Medical Research Involving Human Subjects Act (WMO) did not apply to this study. The study protocol was approved by the internal review boards of Catharina hospital Eindhoven on 11 September 2020. The study was registered on clinicaltrials.gov with the registry number: NCT0609327.  
In total, this study includef 36 ICU patients from the Catharina hospital (Eindhoven, The Netherlands). For 25 patients, informed consent was obtained prior to elective surgery with a planned postoperative admission to the ICU. The remaining 11 patients had unscheduled (emergency) admissions to the ICU, and informed consent was obtained from the patient if they were conscious and otherwise from a family member.  
The research data collected in this study contain sensitive and identifiable information of the participants. To safeguard the privacy of the participants, the research data will remain confidential and cannot be shared.  
[PERSON] and [PERSON] acted as clinical consultants for Philips Research in Eindhoven, The Netherlands. This did not affect this work or the decision to submit this paper for publication. The funders had no role in the design of the study; in the collection, analyses, or interpretation of data; in the writing of the manuscript; or in the decision to publish the results.