## 6 Conclusions and Discussion
; project administration, S.G.; funding acquisition, S.G. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript. This research was funded by (1) the National Natural Science Foundation of China (52372312), (2) the National Natural Science Foundation of China (71901038), (3) the Provincial Key R&D Program of Shaanxi (2024 GX-YBXM-257), (4) the National Natural Science Foundation of China (52302399), (5) the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (2022M710483), (6) the National Natural Science Foundation of China (52131204), (7) the National Key R&D Program of China (2019 YFB1600100), (8) the Natural Science Basic Research Program of Shaanxi (2022 JQ-663), and (9) the Research Funds for the Central Universities, Chang'an University (300102243201). Not applicable. The simulation framework and scenarios presented in this study are openly available at [[https://github.com/sn0w-Xue/Veins_IEEE-802.11](https://github.com/sn0w-Xue/Veins_IEEE-802.11) bd.git]([https://github.com/sn0w-Xue/Veins_IEEE-802.11](https://github.com/sn0w-Xue/Veins_IEEE-802.11) bd.git), accessed on 26 November 2023. The authors declare no conflicts of interest. * (11) [PERSON]; [PERSON] LTE and IEEE 802.11 p for vehicular networking: A performance evaluation. _EURASIP J. Wirel. Commun. Netw._**2014**, _2014_, 89. * (12)_IEEE Std 802.11 hd-2022 (Amendment to IEEE Std 802.11-2020 as amended by IEEE Std 802.11 ax-2021 Std 802.11 ay-2021 Std 802.11 ba-2021 Std 802.11-2020/Cor 1-2022, and IEEE Std 802.11 az-2022)_; IEEE Standard for Information Technology--Telecommunications and Information Exchange between Systems Local and Metropolitan Area Networks--Specific Requirements Part 11: Wireless LAN Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY) Specifications Amendment 5: Enhancements for Next Generation V2X. IEEE: Piscataway, NJ, USA, 2023; pp. 1-144. [CrossRef]
* (13) [PERSON]; [PERSON]; [PERSON]; [PERSON] A simulation approach to detect arterial traffic congestion using cellular data. _J. Adv. Transp._**2022**, _2022_, 1-13. * (14) 5G Automotive Association. _An Assessment of LTE-V2X (PC5) and 802.11 p Direct Communications Technologies for Improved Road Safety in the EU_; Technical Report; 5G Automotive Association: Munich, Germany, 2017. * (15) 5G Automotive Association. _V2X Functional and Performance Test Report; Test Procedures and Results_; Technical Report 5 GAA P-190033 5 GAA: Munich, Germany, 2019. * (16) [PERSON]; [PERSON] [PERSON]; [PERSON]; [PERSON]; [PERSON] [PERSON] Survey and perspectives of vehicular Wi-Fi versus sidelink cellular-V2X in the 5G era. _Future Internet_**2019**, _11_, 122. [CrossRef]
* (17) [PERSON]; [PERSON]; [PERSON]; [PERSON]; [PERSON] [PERSON]; [PERSON] [PERSON]; [PERSON] [PERSON]; [PERSON] Review of V2X-IoT standards and frameworks for ITS applications. _Appl. Sci._**2020**, _10_, 4314. [CrossRef]
* (18) [PERSON]; [PERSON]; [PERSON] A Novel WLAN Vehicle-To-Anything (V2X) channel access scheme for IEEE 802.11 p-based next-generation connected car networks. _Appl. Sci._**2018**, \(8\), 2112. [CrossRef]
* (19) [PERSON] Vehicular Wireless Communication Standards: Challenges and Comparison. _Int. J. Electr. Comput. Eng. Syst._**2022**, _13_, 379-397. [CrossRef]
* (20) [PERSON]; [PERSON]; [PERSON] IEEE 802.11 bd & 5G NR V2X: Evolution of radio access technologies for V2X communications. _IEEE Access_**2019**, \(7\), 70169-70184. * (21) [PERSON]; [PERSON] [PERSON]; [PERSON] Physical layer evaluation of V2X communications technologies: 5G NR-V2X, LTE-V2X 802.11 bd, and IEEE 802.11 p. In Proceedings of the 2019 IEEE 90 th Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC2019-Fall), Honolulu, HI, USA, 22-25 September 2019; pp. 1-7. * (22) [PERSON]; [PERSON]; [PERSON] [PERSON]; [PERSON] [PERSON]; [PERSON] System-level Performance Comparison of IEEE 802.11 p and 802.11 bd Draft in Highway Scenarios. In Proceedings of the 2020 27 th International Conference on Telecommunications (ICT), Bali, Indonesia, 5-7 October 2020; pp. 1-6.