# Repellency of Veratraldehyde (3,4-Dimethoxy Benzaldehyde) against Mosquito Females and Tick Nymphs
## 3 Results
### Repellency of WJ-1041 in the Indoor Test  
The repellency of WJ-1041 and 10% DEET against _A. albopictus_ and _C. pipiens pallens_ females was assayed using the indoor test with nine volunteers. The number of volunteers assayed for each test at each time point was three. WJ-1041 and 10% DEET showed 100% repellency against _A. albopictus_ for 3 and 2 h, respectively (Table 7), and even after 6 h, the activity of WJ-1041 was maintained at approximately 85%, which was higher than that of 10% DEET (78%). Additionally, the CPT of WJ-1041 (5.7 h) was longer than that of 10% DEET (5.3 h). On the other hand, in the test against _C. pipiens pallens_, WJ-1041 and 10% DEET showed 100% repellency against _C. pipiens pallens_ for 3 and 4 h, respectively (Table 8), and the activity of WJ-1041 decreased slightly faster than that of 10% DEET. However, the repellent activities of both compounds persisted at more than 90% for up to 6 h, and the  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c c} \hline \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**Material**} & \multicolumn{5}{c}{**Repellency (\%, Mean \(\pm\) SB)**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**CPT**} \\ \cline{2-7}  & **1 h** & **2 h** & **3 h** & **4 h** & **5 h** & **6 h** & **(\%, 95\% CD) \({}^{\star}\)** \\ \hline WJ-1041 1 ** & 100 \(\pm\) & 100 \(\pm\) & 100 \(\pm\) & 98 \(\pm\) 1.9 & 89 \(\pm\) 1.0 & 80 \(\pm\) 8.0 & 5.7 (5.01\(-\)6.32) \\
10\% DEET 2  & 100 \(\pm\) & 100 \(\pm\) & 100 \(\pm\) & 94 \(\pm\) 2.8 & 94 \(\pm\) 2.8 & 86 \(\pm\) 5.0 & 5.7 (5.01\(-\)6.32) \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}
Table 6: Repellency and CPT of WJ-1041 containing 10% veratraldehyde as an active ingredient against _Culex pipiens pallens_ females using the arm-in-cage test.  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c c} \hline \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**Material**} & \multirow{2}{*}{
\begin{tabular}{c} **Conc.** \\ **\%** \\ \end{tabular} } & \multicolumn{5}{c}{**Repellency (\%, Mean \(\pm\) SB)**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**CPT**} \\ \cline{2-7}  & **1 h** & **2 h** & **3 h** & **4 h** & **5 h** & **6 h** & **(\%, 95\% CD) \({}^{\star}\)** \\ \hline WJ-1041 ** & 100 \(\pm\) & 99 \(\pm\) 0.8 & 100 \(\pm\) & 0 & 96 \(\pm\) 1.3 & 91 \(\pm\) 3.8 & 92 \(\pm\) 1.9 & 4.7 (4.01\(-\)5.32) \\
10\% DEET 2  & 98 \(\pm\) 0.9 & 100 \(\pm\) & 0 & 97 \(\pm\) 1.8 & 93 \(\pm\) 2.5 & 86 \(\pm\) 8.7 & 84 \(\pm\) 6.9 & 4.3 (3.68\(-\)4.99) \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}
Table 4: Repellency and CPT based on the concentrations of veratraldehyde against _Culex pipiens pallens_ females using the arm-in-cage test.  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c c} \hline \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**Material**} & \multicolumn{5}{c}{**Repellency (\%, Mean \(\pm\) SB)**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**CPT**} \\ \cline{2-7}  & **1 h** & **2 h** & **3 h** & **4 h** & **5 h** & **6 h** & **(\%, 95\% CD) \({}^{\star}\)** \\ \hline WJ-1041 ** & 100 \(\pm\) & 99 \(\pm\) 0.8 & 100 \(\pm\) & 0 & 96 \(\pm\) 1.3 & 91 \(\pm\) 3.8 & 92 \(\pm\) 1.9 & 4.7 (4.01\(-\)5.32) \\
10\% DEET 2  & 98 \(\pm\) 0.9 & 100 \(\pm\) & 0 & 97 \(\pm\) 1.8 & 93 \(\pm\) 2.5 & 86 \(\pm\) 8.7 & 84 \(\pm\) 6.9 & 4.3 (3.68\(-\)4.99) \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}
Table 5: Repellency and CPT of WJ-1041 containing 10% veratraldehyde as the active ingredient. [ENDFOOTNOTE] & 100 \(\pm\) & DEET was dissolved in ethyl alcohol.  & CPT, complete protection time; CI, confidence interval.  
CPT of the WJ-1041 products (5.7 h) was longer than that of 10% DEET (5.3 h). Based on the results, there was a difference in the repellency of WJ-1041 products and 10% DEET for the tested mosquito species.