## 1 Introduction
### Literature Review  
This review, in base the exploration of G-QMS in SoS, integrates the dynamic and evolving disciplines of _QMS_, _Globalization_, _SoS_, and _Systems Thinking_. This emerged amalgamation formulates this pioneering field of research, setting the foundations for the development of a model tailored for G-QMS in Sectors of SoS. A similar and even more extended review was provided by us in [PERSON] et al. [1] and Agmon and Kordova [2]. However, in this literature review, the relevant literature to the _SoS project_ is addressed. **QMS** is based on compliance with the international standards requirements, which establish the best global standard for quality management and certification. ISO 9001:2015 [7] stands as a pivotal standard, with ISO 9004:2018 [8] expanding with additional guidance, while both are applicable to a diverse range of organizations. Over recent decades, the emergence of sector-specific standards, built upon ISO 9001, has been notable, particularly relevant to SoS sectors. Notable sectorial QMS standards include AS9100 for Aviation, Space, and Defense (Aerospace) organizations [9]; ISO 13485 tailored for the Medical Device sector [10]; ISO 22163 designed for Rail organizations [11]; and IATF16949 for the Automotive industry [12]. However, these standards, while expansive, typically lack in addressing the complexities of G-organizations within SoS sectors given their intricate QMS. The _Process Approach_, which is a foundational principle of the QMS standards [7] and similar standards, faces limitations in addressing the process complexity inherent in global organizations [13], but necessitates a scalable _System Approach_ to navigate G-organizations in SoS sectors. In addition, methodologies such as _Business Process Orientation (BPO)_[14; 15] and _Process Maturity_ are incorporated alongside the Process Approach. Schematically, _System Maturity_ extends Process Maturity, providing a framework for enhancing organizational maturity and process capability [14]. Yet, a unified methodology for System Maturity remains elusive. ISO 9004 promotes System Maturity [16], with sectorial standards also evolving in this direction, such as AIMM for the Aerospace sector [17]. The second aspect lies in the certification method for the standard. The prevailing method for QMS certification, based on a binary model (compliance or non-compliance), proves inadequate for capturing the essential elements concerning G-organizations in SoS sectors. Moreover, the current QMS standards lack the detailed references necessary to address the organizational frameworks and the unique attributes and characteristics of SoS, highlighting a gap that this research aims to bridge by developing a comprehensive G-QMS model suited for the complex landscape of SoS sectors. The concept of **global organizations**, embodying a wide array of structures that continually adapt to organizational objectives and global market demands, despite its emergence in recent decades, remains a subject of extensive exploration [18; 19]. These organizations exhibit a dynamic evolution in their structural configurations, reflecting the diverse and shifting nature of global business landscapes. In parallel, the notion of a G-QMS has surfaced, albeit with limited academic discourse to date. Instances of QMS applications within global settings are noted [20; 21; 22; 23], yet a formalized concept of G-QMS remains elusive. Moreover, in the context of QMS international standards this absence is striking since these are also applicable to the global organizations. The burgeoning field of G-QMS research hints at significant untapped potential, marked by a nascent body of work [13; 21; 24; 25]. The challenges inherent in managing quality across geographically dispersed operations underscore the complexity and criticality of developing a coherent G-QMS framework [26].