## 3 Results  
In this study, we exhibited an ethanolic extraction of _A. muricata_ leaves. Our findings denoted that the ethanol extract of _A. muricata_ leaf has concentration of alkaloids and flavonoids were 21.37 \(\pm\) 3.6 \(\mathrm{\SIUnitSymbolMicro g}\) atropine eq/mL and 43.15 \(\pm\) 2.04 \(\mathrm{\SIUnitSymbolMicro g}\) quercetin eq/mL, respectively (Figure 1). These results amplify the HPLC-ESI-MS/MS analysis, which identified various alkaloid and flavonoid compounds in this plant extract (Figure 2 and Table 2). Some common bioactive compounds were shown in the ethanolic extract, such as anonaine, chlorogenic acid, cocalurine, isolaureline, isoquercetin, kaempfer, loliolide, norcorydine, quercetin, reticuline, rutin, and xylopine (Figure 3). The diameter of renal glomeruli was significantly higher in the positive controls when compared to negative controls (\(p\) > 0.05, indicated normal data distribution). However, treatment with SLEE significantly reduced the glomerular diameter to the normal distribution values (Table 3). Figure 1: Alkaloids and flavonoids content in _A. muricata_ leaf ethanol extract. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c} \hline \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**No.**} & **Bioactive** & **Molecular** & **Retention** & **Observed** & \multirow{2}{*}{**Class \({}^{*}\)**} \\  & **Compound** & **Formula** & **Time (min)** & **m/z** & **Class \({}^{*}\)** \\ \hline
1 & Anonaine & C\({}_{17}\)H\({}_{15}\)NO\({}_{2}\) & 9.69 & 2.661.173 & AL \\
2 & Chlorogenic acid & C\({}_{16}\)H\({}_{16}\)O\({}_{9}\) & 8.53 & 3.551.019 & FG \\
3 & Cocalaurine & C\({}_{17}\)H\({}_{19}\)NO\({}_{3}\) & 7.60 & 2.861.434 & AL \\
4 & Isolaureline & C\({}_{19}\)H\({}_{19}\)NO\({}_{3}\) & 9.19 & 3.101.433 & AL \\
5 & Isoquercetin & C\({}_{21}\)H\({}_{20}\)O\({}_{12}\) & 10.32 & 4.651.024 & FG \\
6 & Kaempfer & C\({}_{15}\)H\({}_{10}\)O\({}_{6}\) & 11.42 & 2.870.547 & FG \\
7 & Loliolide & C\({}_{11}\)H\({}_{16}\)O\({}_{3}\) & 11.80 & 1.971.172 & ML \\
8 & Norcorydine & C\({}_{19}\)H\({}_{21}\)NO\({}_{4}\) & 8.06 & 3.281.539 & AL \\
9 & Quercetin & C\({}_{15}\)H\({}_{10}\)O\({}_{7}\) & 9.23 & 3.030.496 & FG \\
10 & Reticulum & C\({}_{19}\)H\({}_{23}\)NO\({}_{4}\) & 9.11 & 3.301.696 & AL \\
11 & Rutin & C\({}_{27}\)H\({}_{10}\)O\({}_{16}\) & 8.44 & 6.111.601 & FG \\
12 & Xylopine & C\({}_{18}\)H\({}_{17}\)NO\({}_{3}\) & 14.24 & 2.961.279 & AL \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular} \({}^{*}\)AL: alkaloid; FG: flavonol glycoside; ML: monoterenoid lactone.  
\end{table} 
Table 2: Bioactive compound profiles from _A. muricata_ leaf ethanol extracts identified by LC-MS/MS. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c} \hline \hline \multicolumn{1}{c}{**Variable**} & **Treatment Group** & **Mean \(\pm\) SE \({}^{**}\)** & _p-Value_ \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{Diameter of the renal glomerulus in the left kidney} & Negative control & 594.61 \(\pm\) 37.58 & 0.735 \({}^{*}\) \\  & Positive control & 608.93 \(\pm\) 27.09 & 0.059 \({}^{*}\) \\  & LD-SLEE & 581.72 \(\pm\) 35.41 & 0.971 \({}^{*}\) \\  & MD-SLEE & 578.64 \(\pm\) 46.44 & 1.000 \({}^{*}\) \\  & HD-SLEE & 569.35 \(\pm\) 32.71 & 0.915 \({}^{*}\) \\  & Negative control & 525.45 \(\pm\) 51.29 & 0.029 \\  & Positive control & 531.10 \(\pm\) 19.31 & 0.757 \({}^{*}\) \\  & LD-SLEE & 560.22 \(\pm\) 29.57 & 0.409 \({}^{*}\) \\  & MD-SLEE & 546.86 \(\pm\) 36.02 & 0.964 \({}^{*}\) \\  & HD-SLEE & 528.29 \(\pm\) 36.15 & 0.489 \({}^{*}\) \\  & Negative control & 41.17 \(\pm\) 9.29 & 0.006 \\  & Positive control & 53.86 \(\pm\) 4.89 & 0.641 \({}^{*}\) \\ Left kidney Bowman’s space width & LD-SLEE & 36.53 \(\pm\) 7.39 & 0.176 \({}^{*}\) \\  & MD-SLEE & 46.97 \(\pm\) 6.54 & 0.229 \({}^{*}\) \\  & HD-SLEE & 62.31 \(\pm\) 5.53 & 0.447 \({}^{*}\) \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular} \({}^{*}\)AL: alkaloid; FG: flavonol glycoside; ML: monoterenoid lactone.  
\end{table} 
Table 3: The overall analysis of the data distribution from all variables of left and right kidneys in the treatment mice groups. Figure 2: Chromatogram profile of bioactive compounds from _A.