# A Novel and Stable Benchmark for Breast Measurement
## 3 Results  
### Point Measurement Accuracy  
#### 3.1.1 Stability Analysis Results  
The stability analysis results for Groups A, B, and C are shown in Table 2 and Figure 4. In this analysis, \"Dominant Hand Over Non-dominant Hand\" is abbreviated as DHO, \"Dominant Hand Under Non-dominant Hand\" as DHU, \"Non-dominant Hand Over Dominant Hand\" as NHU, Furthermore, the first, second, and third measurements with the dominant hand on top are denoted as DHO1, DHO2, and DHO3, respectively, while the first, second, and third measurements with the non-dominant hand on top are denoted as NHO1, NHO2, and NHO3. The results of the paired \(t\)-test analysis showed no significant differences in the action experiment data among adolescent females aged 8-12, 13-15, and 15-18 years (\(p>0.05\)), as presented in Table 2 and Figure 5. The analysis of the four paired datasets across these three groups revealed consistent and stable length measurements between the jugular notch and the xiphoid process, regardless of whether the dominant hand palpated the jugular notch and the non-dominant hand palpated the xiphoid process (DHO), or the reverse (NHO). This consistency was maintained across three repeated measurements. In Figure 4, ns indicates not significant, meaning that the \(t\)-test results did not reveal any statistically significant differences. Figure 3: Experimental method. Figure 4: \(Cont\). \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c} \hline \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**Group**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**Analyzed Item**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Match (Mean \(\pm\) SD)**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**D-Value**} & \multirow{2}{*}{\(t\)} & \multirow{2}{*}{\(p\)} \\ \cline{3-3} \cline{5-6}  & & **Match 1** & & & **Match 2** & & **Match 1–Match 2)** \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{A} & DHO1-DHO2 & 17.16 \(\pm\) 0.80 & 17.31 \(\pm\) 0.78 & \(-\)0.15 & \(-\)0.421 & 0.678 \\  & NHO1-NHO2 & 17.18 \(\pm\) 0.57 & 17.31 \(\pm\) 0.69 & \(-\)0.14 & \(-\)1.371 & 0.186 \\  & DHO2-DHO3 & 17.36 \(\pm\) 0.80 & 17.31 \(\pm\) 0.78 & 0.05 & 0.608 & 0.550 \\  & NHO2-NHO3 & 17.29 \(\pm\) 0.72 & 17.31 \(\pm\) 0.69 & \(-\)0.02 & \(-\)0.221 & 0.827 \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{B} & DHO1-DHO2 & 17.16 \(\pm\) 0.80 & 17.31 \(\pm\) 0.78 & \(-\)0.15 & \(-\)0.421 & 0.678 \\  & NHO1-NHO2 & 17.18 \(\pm\) 0.57 & 17.31 \(\pm\) 0.69 & \(-\)0.14 & \(-\)1.371 & 0.186 \\  & DHO2-DHO3 & 17.36 \(\pm\) 0.80 & 17.31 \(\pm\) 0.78 & 0.05 & 0.608 & 0.550 \\  & NHO2-NHO3 & 17.29 \(\pm\) 0.72 & 17.31 \(\pm\) 0.69 & \(-\)0.02 & \(-\)0.221 & 0.827 \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{C} & DHO1-DHO2 & 17.43 \(\pm\) 0.97 & 17.50 \(\pm\) 1.00 & \(-\)0.07 & \(-\)1.211 & 0.241 \\  & NHO1-NHO2 & 17.48 \(\pm\) 0.93 & 17.52 \(\pm\) 0.83 & \(-\)0.04 & \(-\)0.351 & 0.730 \\ \cline{1-1}  & DHO2-DHO3 & 17.46 \(\pm\) 1.00 & 17.55 \(\pm\) 1.07 & \(-\)0.09 & \(-\)0.930 & 0.364 \\ \cline{1-1}  & NHO2-NHO3 & 17.56 \(\pm\) 0.83 & 17.59 \(\pm\) 0.97 & \(-\)0.03 & \(-\)1.073 & 0.297 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 2: Matched \(t\)-test results of Group A, Group B and Group C.  
The colors and black/white dots in Figure 5 represent the distribution of the data points. The box in each box plot shows the interquartile range (IQR), with the central line representing the median. The whiskers indicate the range of the data, and the dots outside the whiskers represent outliers. Additionally, the deviation analysis revealed that the distance measurements obtained with the non-dominant hand on top (values: \(-0.13\), \(0.10\); \(-0.14\), \(-0.02\); \(-0.04\), \(-0.03\) for the three groups, respectively) were consistently smaller than those obtained with the dominant hand on top (values: \(-0.16\), \(0.19\); \(-0.15\), \(0.05\); \(-0.07\), \(0.09\)). This suggests that the distance measurements between the jugular notch and the xiphoid process were more stable when the non-dominant hand was used to palpate the jugular notch, and the dominant hand was used to palpate the xiphoid process. Figure 4: Stability analysis results. The colors and black/white dots in the image represent the distribution of data points.