# Lemongrass Essential Oil Components with Antimicrobial and Anticancer Activities
## 3 LEO Therapeutics
### Antimicrobial Potential
#### 3.1.2 Antifungal Activity
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c} \hline \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**Test Organisms**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**Family**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Lemongrass Essential Oil**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**References**} \\ \cline{3-3} \cline{5-5}  & & **Species** & **MIC** & & \\ \hline _Staphylococcus aureus_ & Staphylococcusccccaceae & _C. citntus_ & 0.06 * & 0.06 * & \\ _ Bacillus cereus_ & Bacillaceae & _C. citntus_ & 0.06 * & 0.06 * & \\ _ Bacillus subtilis_ & Bacillaceae & _C. citntus_ & 0.06 * & 0.12 * & \\ _ Escherichia coli_ & Enterobacteriaceae & _C. citntus_ & 0.12 * & 0.12 * & \\ _Klebsiella pneumoniae_ & Enterobacteriaceae & _C. citntus_ & 0.50* & 0.50 * & \\ \hline _Staphylococcus aureus_ & Staphylococcusccccaceae & _C. flexuosus_ & 0.0781 * & - & [24] \\ \hline _Enterococcus faecalis_ & Enterococcaceae & _C. giganteus_ and _C. citntus_ & 1 ** & - & \\ _Staphylococcus aureus_ & Staphylococcusccccaceae & _C. giganteus_ and _C. citntus_ & 2.5 ** & - & \\ _ Listeria monocytogenes_ & Listeriaceae & _C. giganteus_ and _C. citntus_ & 8.3 ** & - & \\ _Enterobacter aerosenes_ & Enterobacteriaceae & _C. giganteus_ and _C. citntus_ & 13.3 ** & - & \\ _Escherichia coli_ & Enterobacteriaceae & _C. giganteus_ and _C. citntus_ & 10 ** & - & [66] \\ _Pseudomonas aeruginosa_ & Pseudomonadaceae & _C. giganteus_ & \(>\)80 * & - & \\ _Salmondella enterica_ & Enterobacteriaceae & _C. giganteus_ and _C. citntus_ & 2.1 ** & - & \\ _Salmondella typhimurium_ & Enterobacteriaceae & _C. giganteus_ and _C. citntus_ & 2.5 ** & - & \\ _Shigella observariae_ & Enterobacteriaceae & _C. giganteus_ and _C. citntus_ & 8.3 ** & - & \\ \hline _Escherichia coli_ & Enterobacteriaceae & _C. khasianus_ & 20 * & 20 & \\ _Staphylococcus aureus_ & Staphylococcusccccaceae & _C. khasianus_ & 30 * & - & \\ _Pseudomonas aeruginosa_ & Pseudomonadaceae & _C. khasianus_ & 20 * & 30 & \\ _S. enterica typhimurium_ & Staphylococcusccccaceae & _C. khasianus_ & 30 * & - & \\ _ Bacillus subtilis_ & Bacillaceae & _C. khasianus_ & 25 * & - & \\ _Klebsiella pneumoniae_ & Enterobacteriaceae & _C. khasianus_ & 20 * & - & \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}  
* * (\(v/\pi\%\)), ** (mg/mL), # (mg/mL).  
\end{table} 
Table 2: The antibacterial potential of essential oil obtained from different lemongrass species against common pathogenic bacteria. MIC, minimum inhibitory concentration; MBC, minimum bactericidal concentration. EOs can remain effective for a longer duration against fungal spore production, ensuring improved shelf life for food products [74; 75; 78]. It was also suggested that lemongrass oil induces reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in fungi and afflicts severe oxidative damage that leads to subsequent cellular death [32]. This can also enable EOs as a sustainable alternative in the food preservation and packaging industries [80; 81; 82]. Edible coating of EOs, including LEO on stored fruits, meat, and dairy products, discourages fungal attack and food spoilage through restricting fungal growth and reproduction [79; 83; 80; 81; 82; 83]. The edible coatings of EOs have increased antimicrobial potential over the free EOs due to their altered surface charge and amplified action on multiple target sites in the mycotic membrane [84]. This extends edibility and maintains physicochemical qualities, including the tastes and odours of such products [76; 85]. However, different EOs have different antimicrobial mechanisms, and thus acquisition of resistance by microbes against the wide array of compounds in EOs is rare [86].