# A Review: Using Multiple Templates for Molecular Imprinted Polymer: Is It Good?
## 3 A Review of MT-MIPs That Have Been Created
### Template
#### 3.1.1 Drugs
Free radical polymerisation is mostly used for MT-MIP synthesis [118]. The use of initiators is very important because the success of free radical polymerisation depends on this molecule. The initiator commonly used is azobis, and other initiators include AIBN, 1,1'-azobis-(cyclohexanecarbononitrile) (AHCN), 2,2'-azobis (2,4-dimethyl valeronitrile) (AMVN), and 4,4'-azobis (4-cyanovaleric acid) (ACV) [32, 54, 62, 75, 117]. The most widely used polymerisation method in the synthesis of MT-MIPs with drug templates is bulk polymerisation. As previously mentioned, bulk polymerisation is used because the process is simple and universal [35]. Although it requires sieving and grinding, the resulting MT-MIP still has good sensitivity and reusability. This is evidenced by the maximum absorption capacity (Qmax) and IF values of the formed MT-MIP. MT-MIP with cefoperazone, cefazolin, and cephalexin templates, functional MAA monomer, EGDMA crosslinker, AIBN initiator, and ethanol porogen produced Qmax values of 0.0027, 0.0029, \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Template** & **Monomer** & \begin{tabular}{c} **Polymerisation** \\ **Method** \\ \end{tabular} & **Qmax (mg/g)** & **IF** & \begin{tabular}{c} **Application of** \\ **MT-MIP** \\ \end{tabular} & **Reference** \\ \hline \begin{tabular}{c} Sulphanilamide \\ Sulphacetamide \\ Sulphadiazine \\ Sulphadiazine \\ Sulphadiazine \\ Sulphadiazine \\ Sulphamerazine \\ Sulphamethizole \\ \end{tabular} & APTES & \begin{tabular}{c} 6 \\ 5.1 \\ Bulk \\ polymerisation \\ \end{tabular} & 4.2 & \begin{tabular}{c} 1.56 \\ 1.2 \\ 4.2 \\ 3.7 \\ 9.8 \\ 3.7 \\ 9.8 \\ 3.7 \\ 9.8 \\ \end{tabular} & \begin{tabular}{c} Not mentioned, \\ but it can be \\ utilised in any \\ application \\ where a sorbent \\ is required to \\ purify and \\ concentrate a \\ target analyte \\ \end{tabular} & \begin{tabular}{c} \\ \\ \\ \\ \\ \\ \end{tabular} \\ \hline \begin{tabular}{c} Genistein \\ Naringin \\ \end{tabular} & 4-VP & \begin{tabular}{c} Multi-step \\ swelling \\ polymerisation \\ \end{tabular} & - & - & SPE & [65] \\ \hline \begin{tabular}{c} Ibuprofen \\ Naproxen \\ Diclofenac \\ Fenoprofen \\ Gemfibrozil \\ \end{tabular} & 2-VP & Bulk & \begin{tabular}{c} 3.388 \\ 4.852 \\ 5.643 \\ 3.655 \\ 4.897 \\ \end{tabular} & \begin{tabular}{c} 1.113 \\ 1.275 \\ 1.195 \\ 1.174 \\ 1.159 \\ \end{tabular} & SPE & [116] \\ \hline \
\begin{tabular}{c} Thiamethoxam \\ Thiacloprid \\ \end{tabular} & 2-VP &
\begin{tabular}{c} Precipitation \\ polymerisation \\ \end{tabular} & - & - & SPE & [62] \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}  
* AM: acrylamide; APTES: 3-aminopropyltreithoxysilane; IF; imprinting factor; MAA: methacrylic acid; Qmax: maximum adsorption capacity; SPE: solid phase extraction; VP: vinyl pyridine.  
\end{table} 
Table 3: _Cont._and 0.0026, and IF values of 4.1, 3.3, and 3.4 for cefoperazone, cefazolin, and cephalexin, respectively [75]. These values indicate that the formed MT-MIP has good sensitivity and much better performance than non-imprinted polymer (NIP). Other studies have produced good Qmax and IF values using bulk polymerisation (Table 3). In addition to bulk polymerisation, several studies have used precipitation polymerisation [113; 115]. [PERSON] et al. [113] synthesised MT-MIP using an NSAID template and obtained IF values of 3.5-76 (Table 3). There is also a study using multi-step swelling polymerisation [54; 65]. This method is rarely used because it is difficult to carry out due to the complicated procedure, and it requires many types of reagents and special tools. However, the resulting MT-MIP had uniform size, good selectivity, and good reusability [53]. In addition, MT-MIP has excellent reusability and reproducibility. This is evidenced by MT-MIP, which could be used for re-extraction five times for different analyte targets without experiencing significant loss [75]. This shows that MT-MIP has better potential than ST-MIP in terms of the efficiency of the MIP manufacturing process [5].