# Performance Analysis of Post-Quantum Cryptography Algorithms for Digital Signature
## 1 Introduction  
In an era of access to wireless networks and continuous flow of information, it is requisite to ensure their security. For this purpose, numerous solutions have been developed to ensure the confidentiality, integrity, and authenticity of data. However, sometimes, the security they guarantee is conditional. In the case of currently used asymmetric cryptography, this condition is the difficulty of solving a selected mathematical problem that is achievable by quantum computers. Although, presently, they are not able to threaten the security of our data transmitted on the Internet, it is necessary to stay ahead of potential dangers by preparing solutions that are resistant to attacks involving quantum computers, especially if we consider data protection in future 6G networks. Data security that is traditionally reliant on cryptographic protocols supported by such ciphers as RSA (Rivest-Shamir-Adleman) or ECC (Elliptic Curve Cryptography) faces imminent threats from quantum computing advances. Quantum algorithms such as [PERSON]'s and [PERSON]'s algorithms pose a major threat to current encryption methods. Quantum computers potentially will be able to break RSA and ECC within a short time (e.g., minutes). Such a task is unachievable by classical computers in a reasonable timeframe. Quantum computing, while offering disruptive abilities regarding modern technology, introduces new vulnerabilities in data security. This inherent paradox calls for the development of post-quantum cryptography (PQC)--cryptographic algorithms that quantum computers cannot break easily. It is worth mentioning that the different characteristics of new cryptographic algorithms and solutions are important to be evaluated, also taking into account a legal dimension. Indeed, understanding the advantages and disadvantages of algorithms--as far as security levels and real use possibilities are concerned (e.g., 5G/6G services)--is crucial in the transition to post-quantum cryptography, since it can be helpful in the selection of appropriate solutions for specific security contexts, taking into consideration the possibledifferent legal requirements or the values and rights involved in the different contexts of real use. The motivation behind addressing the topic of this paper is that cybersecurity must anticipate and stay ahead of imminent threats, and this is undoubtedly a reality thanks to quantum computers and their computing capabilities. An additional aspect supporting delving into the realm of post-quantum cryptography are European quantum initiatives which support excellence in quantum research. A great example here is the PQ-REACT project [1]--a component of the broader Horizon Europe program. This initiative is dedicated to creating, evolving, and validating a framework designed to facilitate an efficient and smooth transition from traditional cryptography to post-quantum cryptography. In the current landscape, various post-quantum cryptographic algorithms are being proposed and evaluated for their effectiveness and efficiency. The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) is playing a pivotal role in this transition, working towards the standardization of post-quantum cryptographic algorithms. The exploration and implementation of these algorithms, particularly in the context of digital signatures, is the focus of this paper [2]. It is worth mentioning that hardware acceleration of post-quantum cryptography can improve the performance; however, the speed factor strongly depends on the family of the algorithm [3; 4; 5; 6]. Through a comprehensive analysis of current cryptographic practices and an insightful look at post-quantum solutions (resistant to attacks involving a quantum computer), this study aims to shed light on the challenges and opportunities of protecting our digital future. This paper has the objective to demonstrate that post-quantum algorithms can be used for one of the services that maintains data security--digital signatures.