# Evaluating the Capacity Coordination in the Urban Multimodal Transport Network
## 1 Introduction
However, the model focused solely upon freight, and the applicability of the method was not tested at the network level. A unique approach to measuring transit connectivity was proposed by [PERSON] et al. [11], and the objective of using connectivity as an indicator was to quantify and evaluate transit service. Determining the level of a transport network is a difficult task. First, the number of factors related to service quality makes capacity coordination a multidimensional problem. Second, there are essentially different sub-networks contained within the multimodal transport network: auto network, transit network, etc. [PERSON] et al. [12] presented an approach for evaluating the service quality of entire journeys between an origin and a destination point using an evaluation scheme based on six levels of service (LOS). The multimodal approach is recognized as one of the major solutions to the spreading traffic congestion and sustainable mobility. The efficiency of the multimodal transportation system largely depends on a well-coordinated multimodal network. Most previous studies dealt with single-mode network equilibrium problems, i.e., the traditional network problem and the transit network problem. Compared with a single-mode network, users in a multimodal network not only need to choose transportation modes and travel routes, but also need to consider the transfer between transportation modes. That is to say, the study of a multimodal network is more difficult than a single-mode network and more consistent with the actual traffic conditions. Considering all mentioned facts, our approach was developed because the evaluation of an entire urban multimodal network from different perspectives is seldom addressed. More comprehensive and multimodal evaluations can help determine truly optimal solutions, considering all impacts. In this paper, a capacity coordination evaluation approach was developed for an urban multimodal transport network. The proposed urban multimodal transport network involved a roadway, railway, and busway, and it considered car, bus, rail, bus-to-metro, car-to-metro, and walking as possible transport modes allowed during a multimodal trip. Travelers choose the mode and route whose generalized cost is the minimum between OD pairs, and then the passenger flow of the whole network is assigned into different sub-networks according to the stochastic user equilibrium theory. The capacity of an urban multimodal transport network is a measure of the maximum number of passengers that can be transported over a given period. The principle of capacity coordination is to balance the capacity of entire multimodal network and ensure the equilibrium of each sub-transport network. Our approach is based upon the passenger distribution results calculated using the SUE model [13], and the evaluation functions for the indicators are suggested from three perspectives: (1) LOS of multimodal transport network; (2) Gini coefficient of network; (3) mode share of transport modes. Evaluating capacity coordination is a useful reference point, in addition to being straightforward to use in high-level planning processes. The outline of this paper is as follows: the evaluation process and analytical methods are described in Section 2; the evaluation functions and indicators are derived in Section 3; a numerical example illustrating that the proposed evaluation scheme can be calibrated to real life is provided in Section 4; the results and discussion under different OD demand scenarios are analyzed in Section 5; lastly, conclusions are drawn in Section 6.