# Organic Materials Used for Giant Buddhas and Wall Paintings in Bamiyan, Afghanistan
## 3 Results
### SR-\(\mu\)FTIR Analyses
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Sample** & **Provenance** & \begin{tabular}{c} **Proteinaceous** \\ **Material** \\ \end{tabular} & \begin{tabular}{c} **Partially** \\ **Saponified Oil** \\ \end{tabular} & **Oil (Acidified)** & **Natural Resin** & **Oxalates** & **Unidentified** & **Ref.** \\ \hline BMM009 & Cave I & & & & & & x & \\ \hline BMM035 & Cave N(a) & sizing layer & white ground & \begin{tabular}{c} detected \\ within/below the \\ proteinaceous layer \\ \end{tabular} & surface & & [10, 41] \\ \hline BMM039 & Cave N(a) & sizing layer & white ground & & & & surface & \\ \hline BMM040 & Cave N(a) & sizing layer & white ground & & & & surface & \\ \hline BMM040 & Cave N(a) & sizing layer & white ground & & & & surface & \\ \hline BMM045 & Cave G & & & & & & & signal \\ \hline BMM051 & Cave M & & & & & x & \\ \hline BMM082 & Cave F(c) & sizing layer & white ground & red layer & \begin{tabular}{c} detected \\ within/below the \\ proteinaceous layer \\ \end{tabular} & & & & & \\ \hline BMM091 & Cave C(a) & & & & & x & \\ \hline BMM101 & Cave E(e) & & & & & x & \\ \hline BMM111 & Cave J(c) & & & & x & \\ \hline BMM178 & Cave N(a) & & white ground & \begin{tabular}{c} modant over \\ a lead/tin \\ alloy (leaf) \\ \end{tabular} & & & [11] \\ \hline BMM181 & Cave N(a) & sizing layer & white ground & & & surface & \begin{tabular}{c} red layer \\ (saturated \\ signal) \\ \end{tabular} \\ \hline FDM035 * & \begin{tabular}{c} Foladi Cave \\ 6 \\ \end{tabular} & & white ground & & & surface & \\ \hline FDM037 & \begin{tabular}{c} Foladi Cave \\ 6 \\ \end{tabular} & & white ground & & & & \begin{tabular}{c} red layer \\ (saturated \\ signal) \\ \end{tabular} \\ \hline FDM053 * & \begin{tabular}{c} Foladi Cave \\ 4 \\ \end{tabular} & & & white ground & & & surface & \\ \hline FDM055 & Foladi Cave & \begin{tabular}{c} sizing layer \\ (mixed with \\ polyasocha- \\ 4 \\ \end{tabular} & white ground & & & & surface & \\ \hline FDM055 & Foladi Cave & \begin{tabular}{c} sizing layer \\ (mixed with \\ polyasocha- \\ 4 \\ \end{tabular} & white ground & & & & & [9, 11, 41] \\ \hline KAK03 & \
\begin{tabular}{c} Kakrak \\ Cave 43 \\ \end{tabular} & sizing layer & & & & surface & \\ \hline QJM06 & Qol-e Jalal & sizing layer & white layer &
\begin{tabular}{c} translucent \\ mordant \\ \end{tabular} & & & & \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 3: Summary of the identification of the main organic components in [PERSON]’s paintings, using SR μ μFTIR mapping. The location of the components is given when the sample structure was sufficiently well preserved. * Indicates samples that have been analyzed only as thin resin-embedded sections. x indicates that the component has been detected but not assigned to a specific layer. Figure 5: Optical microscopic pictures of some samples (fragments pressed between diamond cells). The red rectangles represent the regions analyzed with SR-\(\upmu\)FTIR (cf. Figure 6). Figure 6: **Left**: \(\upmu\)FTIR maps based on regions of interest (ROI). Red: 1720–1747 cm\({}^{-1}\); green: 3131–3502 cm\({}^{-1}\); blue: 1681–1722 cm\({}^{-1}\) for the samples shown in Figure 5. **Right**: average FTIR spectra. extracted from the blue, green and red regions in the map of sample FDM55. Below: Close up of the CH (**left**) and CO (**right**) stretching regions. The coloured rectangles represent the ROI defined for the calculation of the maps. The red map highlights mainly oil ester groups. The green map highlights mainly proteins (amide A) but in the absence of proteins (BMM178 (Cave N(a)), a low signal from saponified oil and resin is visible. The blue map highlights mainly CO acid. With this specific ROI, natural resins are better seen, but oil (and in particular acidified oil) contributes as well (small shoulder in red spectrum). Oxalates (usually calcium oxalates, but copper oxalates were also found in some copper-based paint) were almost consistently detected, both in the sizing layer (when present) or in the paint surface.