# Hepatoprotective Effect of Alpinetin on Thioacetamide-Induced Liver Fibrosis in Sprague Dawley Rat
## 1 Introduction  
The liver is an important organ responsible for the removal of tissue breakdown in the body. Chemical changes from diverse materials enhance the formation of reactive oxygen species [1]. Released radicals form hepatotoxins, for instance, thioacetamide. The role ofTAA hepatotoxic mediators as contributors to liver damage and long-lasting management of fibrosis of the liver has been reported by numerous researchers [2; 3; 4; 5; 6]. TAA is hepatotoxic; a single dose is accepted to be able to yield centrolloular hepatocyte necrosis, and continuing administration led to liver fibrosis in laboratory animals [7; 8]. High dosages lead to liver cirrhosis and hepatocarcinous [9]. Numerous researchers have used diverse approaches in the TAA management of laboratory rats for creating cirrhosis [4; 10; 11; 12]. Aromatic plants and therapeutic basic medication materials facilitate their use as remedies against many diseases, including liver cirrhosis. In the methodical works, huge quantities of remedial plants with hepatoprotective effects have been described [4; 10; 13; 14; 15]. Alpinein (7-hydroxy-5-methoxy flavanone; C16H14O4) is an ordinary flavonoid primarily resulting from the roots or seeds of _Alpinia katsumadai Hayata_, which is known to display antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and additional significant beneficial effects [16]. Alpinetin, the usual flavonoid, is the main lively constituent of the traditional remedial herb _Alpinia katsumadai Hayata_ and has been used therapeutically since prehistoric times [17]. Alpinetin has been described to have anticancer properties by several mechanisms, including apoptosis induction, cell cycle stop, and proliferative clampdown in numerous kinds of cancer, for example, breast cancer, lung cancer, colon cancer, and liver cancer [18]. Furthermore, regarding anticancer activity, Alpinetin has revealed substantial anti-inflammatory actions. Alpinetin has been reported to prevent NF-xB activation and reduction oxidative stress from overpowering the relief of pro-inflammatory cytokines, for instance, TNF-\(\alpha\) and IL-1 [19]. Alpinein has protective effects on DSS-induced colitis and may be a promising therapeutic reagent for colitis treatment [17]. Alpinetin might have anticancer properties on human ovarian cancer by preventing the STAT3 signaling pathway [18]. Alpinetin is stated to inhibit the propagation of human tumor cells, comprising lung cancer and gastroenter cancer cells [20], representing the potential anticancer properties of this compound. Alpinetin-enhanced Nrf2-mediated redox homeostasis, which subsequently repressed macrophage penetration and atherosclerosis, signifying a valuable compound for handling atherosclerosis [21]. Alpinein is the original flavonoid constituent of numerous edible and medical plants and can provide an extensive range of biological and pharmacological actions, including antibacterial, anti-hemostatic, anti-oxidative, anti-hepatotoxic, stomachic, immunosuppressive, and anti-inflammatory effects [22]. Alpinetin is also used for oncological treatment [22]. Alpinetin and its diverse metabolites, for example, glucuronide conjugates, prototype, and phenolic acids, are responsible for its several pharmacological functions. These functions comprise antibacterial, anti-hemostatic, anti-oxidant, anti-hepatotoxic, immunosuppressive, anti-inflammatory, and stomachic effects [16]. Alpinein is used in traditional medications; it is consumed as part of the human diet and used in the progress of new medications [23]. Alpinetin has condensed lipopolysaccharide-saccharide (LPS) encouraged lung [24], kidney damage [25], and mastitistis [26] in dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis in mice [27]. Moreover, Alpinein showed a robust possibility to prevent LPS-induced inflammatory response in countless in vitro and in vivo studies [28].