# Designing and Managing a Smart Parking System Using Wireless Sensor Networks
## 3 Architecture of the Smart Parking System
### Parking Montoring Center
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c c c c c c c} \hline \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**System: Ref**} & \multicolumn{3}{c}{**Communication Technology**} & \multicolumn{3}{c}{**Services**} & \multicolumn{3}{c}{**Connection Access**} \\ \cline{2-13}  & **TS** & **TD** & **GD** & **PY** & **SE** & **RE** & **SG** & **AV** & **PS** & **IoT** & **SM** & **WA** \\ \hline S1: [5] & & GSM & & & & \(\surd\) & \(\surd\) & \(\surd\) & & & & & \(\surd\) \\ S2: [6] & ZigBee & GSM & \(\surd\) & & \(\surd\) & \(\surd\) & & & & & \(\surd\) \\ S3: [7] & ZigBee & GSM & & \(\surd\) & \(\surd\) & & & & \(\surd\) & & \(\surd\) \\ S4: [8] & Bluetooth & & \(\surd\) & \(\surd\) & & & & & \(\surd\) & & \(\surd\) \\ S5: [9] & ZigBee & Wi-Fi/3G & \(\surd\) & \(\surd\) & & & \(\surd\) & & \(\surd\) & \(\surd\) & \(\surd\) \\ S6: [10] & & & \(\surd\) & & & & & & \(\surd\) & & \(\surd\) & \\ S7: [11] & Wi-Fi & Wi-Fi/3G & & & & & & & \(\surd\) & & \(\surd\) & \(\surd\) & \(\surd\) \\ S8: [12] & ZigBee & & & \(\surd\) & & & & \(\surd\) & & \(\surd\) & \(\surd\) & \(\surd\) \\ S9: [13] & & & & \(\surd\) & & & & \(\surd\) & \(\surd\) & \(\surd\) & \(\surd\) & \(\surd\) \\ S10: [14] & ZigBee & Wi-Fi/3G & \(\surd\) & & \(\surd\) & & \(\surd\) & \(\surd\) & \(\surd\) & \(\surd\) & \(\surd\) & \(\surd\) \\ S11: [15] & & & & & \(\surd\) & & & \(\surd\) & & \(\surd\) & & \(\surd\) \\ S12: [16] & ZigBee & & & & \(\surd\) & & \(\surd\) & & \(\surd\) & & \(\surd\) & \(\surd\) \\ S13: [17] & Wi-Fi & & & \(\surd\) & & \(\surd\) & \(\surd\) & \(\surd\) & \(\surd\) & \(\surd\) & \(\surd\) & \\ S14: [18] & Wi-Fi & & & \(\surd\) & \(\surd\) & \(\surd\) & \(\surd\) & \(\surd\) & \(\surd\) & \(\surd\) & \\ Proposed system & ZigBee & Wi-Fi/3G & \(\surd\) & \(\surd\) & \(\surd\) & \(\surd\) & \(\surd\) & \(\surd\) & \(\surd\) & \(\surd\) & \(\surd\) & \(\surd\) \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}

* TS: technology used by sensor network; TD: technology used by the drivers; GD: guidance; PY: payment; SE: security; RE: reservation; IG: smart gateway; PS: parking management using smartphone; AV: availability checking over internet; IOT: Internet of Things; WA: web application; SM: smartphone; \(\surd\): the technology or the service is used in the paper.

\end{table} 
Table 3: Different technologies and services used in smart parking systems. * [PERSON] et al. (2015) [PERSON]; [PERSON]; [PERSON]; [PERSON]; [PERSON] WSN based secure vehicle parking management and reservation system. In Proceedings of the National Conference on Research Advances in Communication, Computation, Electrical Scienceand Structures (NCRACCESS-2015), Deviyakurichi, India, 21 February 2015. * [PERSON] et al. (2015) [PERSON] [PERSON]; [PERSON]; [PERSON] [PERSON] Car park management with networked wireless sensors and active RFID. In Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Electro/Information Technology (EIT), Dekalb, IL, USA, 21-23 May 2015. * [PERSON] et al. (2014) [PERSON] [PERSON]; [PERSON] [PERSON]; [PERSON] [PERSON]; [PERSON]; [PERSON] Integration of RFID and WSN technologies in a smart parking system. In Proceedings of the 22 nd International Conference on Software, Telecommunications and Computer Networks (SoftCOM), Split, Croatia, 17-19 September 2014. * [PERSON] and [PERSON] (2011) [PERSON]; [PERSON] A parking guidance and information system based on wireless sensor network. In Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Information and Automation, Shenzhen, China, 6-8 June 2011. * [PERSON] et al. (2012) [PERSON]; [PERSON]; [PERSON] Smart parking service based on Wireless Sensor Networks. In Proceedings of the IECON 2012--38 th Annual Conference on IEEE Industrial Electronics Society, Montreal, QC, Canada, 25-28 October 2012. * [PERSON] and [PERSON] (2013) [PERSON]; [PERSON] Wireless sensor network and RFID for smart parking system. _Int. J. Emerg. Technol. Adv. Eng._**2013**, 3, 188-192. * [PERSON] and [PERSON] (2016) [PERSON]; [PERSON] A prototype for IoT based car parking management system for smart cities. _Indian J. Sci. Technol._**2016**, 9. [CrossRef]
* [PERSON] et al.