# Novel Scoring for Energy-Efficient Routing in Multi-Sensored Networks
## 4 Simulation Results
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c} \hline \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**ID**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**Energy**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**CNs**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**CNs**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**CN Energy**} & \multirow{2}{*}{\(\lambda\)} \\  & & & & Energy & Sum & \\ \hline
1 & 62.7347 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0.6273 \\
2 & 02.1650 & 41 & 94.5579 & 94.5579 & 0.0223 \\
3 & 91.0570 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0.9106 \\
4 & 80.0559 & 35 & 10.6942 & 10.6942 & 1.4464 \\
5 & 74.5847 & 25 & 68.3839 & 68.3839 & 0.8859 \\  & & 7 & 38.3306 & & \\
6 & 81.3113 & 44 & 76.6831 & 115.0137 & 1.1345 \\
7 & 38.3306 & 6 & 81.3113 & 157.9944 & 0.4457 \\
8 & 61.7279 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0.6173 \\
9 & 57.5495 & 50 & 52.7847 & 52.7847 & 0.7533 \\  & & 12 & 24.8629 & & \\  & & 13 & 45.1639 & 116.2235 & 1.2257 \\
10 & 53.0052 & 32 & 21.7802 & & \\  & & 47 & 24.4165 & & \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 2: \(\lambda\) scores influenced by other parameters. Figure 11: Placement of 100 nodes in an area of 500 m \(\times\) 500 m.  
Figure 12: \(\lambda\) values according to nodes’ energies and CNs’ energies. Figure 13: Average energy consumption by 5 protocols with a varying number of nodes. The results for the ratio of dead nodes against five pause times can be seen in Figure 14. These results were reflected by the previous experiment on energy consumption. The NSSROP also outperformed in this test. Due to the equal load balancing, our protocol allowed all the nodes to equally participate in the network. Moreover, the blacklisting mechanism was also effective by not letting other nodes waste their energies on contacting them. Figure 15 shows the comparative results for the throughput of the experimented protocols. The PDROP and PRRP somehow obtained similar results. The DSR and LEACH had very poor throughput in the experiment. The PRRP has a mechanism that operates on fixed-sized grids and does not rely on the time duration; therefore, it had a relatively consistent level of throughput. The PDORP initially took time to implement its hybrid mechanism of a genetic algorithm and bacterial foraging optimization. As shown in the figure, the NSSRP achieved a comparatively higher throughput than the others. The main reason for this is the implementation of modified control packets, that is, RREQ, RREP, and OLSR-based topology control messages. With these modifications and incorporation of scoring, the packet drops decreased, and the exchange of data increased, causing a higher throughput. An experiment to check the impact of the density of nodes was carried out by varying the area up to 1000 m\({}^{2}\) with a set of 250 nodes. The results in Figure 16 show that the performance of all the protocols degraded with an increased area size. This is because the scattered nodes may not have been able to gain multiple routes due to longer inter-node distances. The NSSROP obtained almost similar results to the PDORP for 1000 m\({}^{2}\). However, due to the utilization of the density aspect, the performance of the NSSROP was much better for 500 m\({}^{2}\) against the PDORP. Such a higher density increased the number of CNs and subsequently caused equal load distribution among the nodes and better selection among multiple routes. Figure 14: Number of dead nodes with different pause times. In Figure 17, the end-to-end delays are shown. The DSR and LEACH had the worst results due to their outdated routing procedures. DSR uses the typical route discovery mechanism that has a drawback of higher delays. The PRRP had moderate values for this experiment. The PDORP and NSSROP had almost similar results for end-to-end delays. The main reason for this is the incorporation of modified routing tables and the exchange of periodic topology control messages along with on-demand route discoveries. Moreover, the selection of appropriate routes also had a significant impact on the end-to-end delays. Figure 16: Average energy consumption with varying area size. Figure 15: Throughput (packets per second) at time intervals.