## 3 Results and Discussion
### Effect of MUAE Parameters on the Recovery Yield of Total Flavonoids from DOS
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c c} \hline \hline \multicolumn{1}{c}{**Source**} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{**Sum of Squares**} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{**df.**} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{**Mean Square**} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{**F-Value**} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{**\(p\)-Value**} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{**Significance**} \\ \hline Model & Y\({}_{2}\) & 34.93 & 20 & 1.75 & 65.18 & \(<\)0.0001 & **\(\ast\)** \\ X\({}_{1}\) & Y\({}_{2}\) & 16.73 & 1 & 16.73 & 624.25 & \(<\)0.0001 & **\(\ast\)** \\ X\({}_{2}\) & Y\({}_{2}\) & 7.29 & 1 & 7.29 & 272.05 & \(<\)0.0001 & **\(\ast\)** \\ X\({}_{3}\) & Y\({}_{2}\) & 0.16 & 1 & 0.16 & 3.96 & 0.0621 & \\ X\({}_{4}\) & Y\({}_{2}\) & 0.09 & 1 & 0.09 & 4.65 & 0.0592 & \\ X\({}_{5}\) & Y\({}_{2}\) & 2.03 & 1 & 2.03 & 75.78 & \(<\)0.0001 & **\(\ast\)** \\ X\({}_{1}\)X\({}_{2}\) & Y\({}_{2}\) & 1.61 & 1 & 1.61 & 60.19 & \(<\)0.0001 & **\(\ast\)** \\ X\({}_{1}\)X\({}_{4}\) & Y\({}_{2}\) & 0.14 & 1 & 0.14 & 5.25 & 0.0307 & \(\ast\) \\ X\({}_{1}\)X\({}_{5}\) & Y\({}_{2}\) & 0.07 & 1 & 0.076 & 2.82 & 0.1054 & \\ X\({}_{2}\)X\({}_{4}\) & Y\({}_{2}\) & 0.22 & 1 & 0.22 & 8.07 & 0.0088 & \(\ast\) \\ X\({}_{2}\)X\({}_{5}\) & Y\({}_{2}\) & 0.28 & 1 & 0.28 & 10.29 & 0.0037 & \(\ast\) \\ X\({}_{1}\)\({}^{2}\) & Y\({}_{2}\) & 0.26 & 1 & 0.26 & 9.71 & 0.0046 & \(\ast\) \\ X\({}_{2}\)\({}^{2}\) & Y\({}_{2}\) & 2.96 & 1 & 2.96 & 110.43 & \(<\)0.0001 & **\(\ast\)** \\ X\({}_{3}\)\({}^{2}\) & Y\({}_{2}\) & 0.63 & 1 & 0.63 & 23.49 & \(<\)0.0001 & **\(\ast\)** \\ X\({}_{4}\)\({}^{2}\) & Y\({}_{2}\) & 0.01 & 1 & 0.019 & 0.72 & 0.4056 & \\ X\({}_{5}\)\({}^{2}\) & Y\({}_{2}\) & 0.78 & 1 & 0.78 & 29.19 & \(<\)0.0001 & **\(\ast\)** \\ Residual & Y\({}_{2}\) & 0.67 & 25 & 0.027 & & & \\ Lack of Fit & Y\({}_{2}\) & 0.62 & 20 & 0.031 & 2.81 & 0.1276 & Not significant \\ Pure Error & Y\({}_{2}\) & 0.055 & 5 & 1.10 \(\times\) 10\({}^{-2}\) & & & \\ Cor Total & Y\({}_{2}\) & 35.60 & 45 & & & & \\ Std. Dev. & Y\({}_{2}\) & 0.16 & & & & \\ R\({}^{2}\) & Y\({}_{2}\) & 0.9812 & & & & & \\ Adjusted R\({}^{2}\) & Y\({}_{2}\) & 0.9661 & & & & \\ Predicted R\({}^{2}\) & Y\({}_{2}\) & 0.9287 & & & & \\ Mean & Y\({}_{2}\) & 10.49 & & & & \\ C.V. \% & Y\({}_{2}\) & 1.56 & & & & \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 4: ANOVAs for the regression model of Y\({}_{2}\). response model and the adjusted R\({}^{2}\) with a value of 0.9661 also represents a significant adjustment for the model. The R\({}^{2}\) and adjusted R\({}^{2}\) indicate a close relationship between the predicted and actual values. Also, in this case, for Y\({}_{2}\), the predicted R\({}^{2}\) of 0.9287 reasonably agrees with the adjusted R\({}^{2}\). The total flavonoid yield for all 46 extraction tests was in the range of 8.84-12.52%. The highest extraction yield for total flavonoids (12.52%) was achieved at the conditions of run number 1, with ultrasound time of 15 min, ultrasound temperature of 60 \({}^{\circ}\)C, solvent-to-solid ratio of 30 mL/g, microwave time of 60 s, and ethanol concentration of 60% (\(\
u/\
u\), water). In addition, the minimum yield of total flavonoids from MUAE (8.84%) was achieved in run number 17.