## 4 Conclusions  
In conclusion, a new SQ salt was obtained as stilbene's analog. The compound was characterized using its NMR, IR, Raman, UV-Vis, and MS spectra. The SQ has been determined by in silico data as an orally active compound with high gastrointestinal absorption, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant activity and no toxic effect. The HOMO-LUMO analysis revealed that the electron density in the HOMO is concentrated primarily on the anionic SO\({}_{3}\)\({}^{-}\) group, while the LUMO's electron density is distributed across the cationic regions, suggesting an electron transfer pathway from the SO\({}_{3}\)\({}^{-}\) group to the cationic portions of the molecule. The biological evaluation results showed that SQ exhibits a preventive effect better than diclofenac on albumin denaturation. Furthermore, the ex vivo investigations assessing SQ's impact on IL-1 expression validated its anti-inflammatory capabilities. The DPPH radical scavenging data indicate that SQ exhibits lower antioxidant  
Figure 8: The 3D (**a**) and 2D (**b**) docking diagrams of SQ (**5**) in the interaction with HSA. The bond between oxygen and nitrogen is hypothetical. The purple, green, and orange dashed lines are the hydrophobic interactions, hydrogen bonds, and electrostatic attractions. activity than quercetin but better levels than rutin. Future preclinical experiments will therefore help to establish SQ as a viable therapeutic alternative for the treatment of inflammatory diseases. Furthermore, the docking simulation demonstrated that a high degree of interaction between the SQ compound and amino acid residues within HSA plays a crucial role in stabilizing the albumin's structure. Our future plans involve the synthesis of novel SQ derivatives with N,N-dimethylamino groups instead of hydroxyl groups in a naphthyl ring and longer alkyl groups attached to quaternary nitrogen, as well as a comparative study of their anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and antioxidant activity. Future in vivo and preclinical experiments will contribute to the establishment of these novel SQ derivatives as potential drug candidates. The following supporting information can be downloaded at: [[https://www.mdpi.com/article/10.3390/app15010284/s1](https://www.mdpi.com/article/10.3390/app15010284/s1)]([https://www.mdpi.com/article/10.3390/app15010284/s1](https://www.mdpi.com/article/10.3390/app15010284/s1)), Figure S1: Electronic spectra of SQ, measured in acetonitrile, water, methanol, and chloroform at the same concentration of solutions, Figure S2: (A) Solid-state IR spectrum of SQ in the region of 4000-400 cm\({}^{-1}\) measured in a KBr disc, (B) Raman spectrum of SQ in the region of 1800-400 cm\({}^{-1}\), Figure S3: \({}^{1}\)H NMR spectrum of SQ measured in DMSO d6 presented in the 9.4-6.0 ppm region, Figure S4: \({}^{1}\)H NMR spectrum of SQ measured in DMSO d6 presented in the 6.0-0 ppm region, Figure S5: \({}^{13}\)C NMR spectrum of SQ measured in DMSO d6, Figure S6: COSY spectrum of SQ presented in the 9.4-7.0 ppm region, Figure S7: HSQC spectrum of SQ. Figure S8: HMBC spectrum of SQ in the region 9.7-6.7 ppm, Figure S9: HESI of SQ. Conceptualization, M.T., R.B. and T.K. ; methodology, M.T. and R.B. ; software, S.N., M.M., M.F.-D. and E.C. ; formal analysis, M.T., R.B., M.P., K.S., G.M.Z. and P.N. ; investigation, M.T., R.B., M.P., M.M., S.N., K.S., G.M.Z. and P.N. ; writing--original draft preparation, S.N., M.M. and M.F.-D.; writing--review and editing, S.N., M.M., M.F.-D. and R.B. ; visualization, M.T., M.P., R.B. and M.F.-D.; supervision, M.T. and S.N. ; project administration, M.T. and S.N. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript. This research received no external funding. This study was approved by the decision of the Ethical Committee of the Bulgarian Food Agency with No. 229/09.04.2019 and carried out following the guidelines of the European Directive 2010/63/EU. All experiments were conducted following the legislation on the Welfare and Protection of Animals Used for Experimental and Other Scientific Purposes.