## Effect of Process Parameters on Forming Load  
### Determination of Process Parameters  
The spinning force referred to in this study is the reaction force of the plate to the roller, mainly because the forming force of the plate itself cannot be measured. The force value of the right-hand roller in the model is selected as the spinning force to analyze. In order to study the effects and trends of the various process parameters on the forming load, the test plans and results of the force are shown in Table 2. The larger the range value R is, there is a more significant effect of this factor on the experimental index. It can be concluded that the greatest impact on the spinning force maximum is the roller feed ratio \(f\), followed by the mandrel rotational speed \(\omega\) and the gap deviation rate \(\delta\) between the roller and mandrel. The effect of the roller feed ratio \(f\) is also highly significant when considering the influence of the single factor variation on the maximum spinning force. The optimal combination of process parameters is the 18 th group of process parameters A\({}_{5}\)B\({}_{2}\)C\({}_{1}\). As shown in Table 3, the single factor variable test plan is designed by the simulation of the spinning force maximum change of the optimal process parameters.  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c} \hline \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**No**} & **Mandrel Rotational Speed** & **Roller Feed Ratio** & **Gap Deviation** & **Maximum Spinning Force** \\  & **\(\omega\)/(r-min\({}^{-1}\))** & _f/_(mm\(\cdot\)r\({}^{-1}\))** & **Rate _\(\delta\)/\%_** & **F/KN** \\ \hline
1 & 1(160) & 1(0.2) & 1(0) & 23.45 \\
2 & 1(160) & 2(0.6)  
When the rotational speed is 200 r/min, the difference between the peak and trough of the spinning force is the smallest, which reduces the possibility of the dangerous section rupture. Correspondingly, due to the low rotational speed, the contact between the roller and blank is slow after entering conventional spinning. Under the excessive thinning and friction, the spinning force maximum increases rapidly and the wave peak is obvious. The trough at the junction is similar when the rotational speed is 320 r/min and 400 r/min, but the fluctuation of the spinning force is larger in the conventional spinning stage when the rotational speed is 320 r/min.  
When the rotary feed ratio is 1.0 mm/r and the rotational speed increases from 320 r/min to 450 r/min, the deformation time of the metal is shortened. At the same time, the sheet is repeatedly rolled, resulting in excessive thinning and increasing spinning force. As a whole, the deformation rate of the metal accelerates at the same time. The numerical difference between shear spinning and conventional spinning is obvious. Moreover, the average spinning force of the shear spinning stage is obviously larger than the value when the feed ratio is 0.6 mm/r. The average spinning pressure in the conventional spinning stage is approaching. The spinning force increases further when the feed ratio is 1.0 mm/r. When the rotational speed is 450 r/min, the speed of the mandrel is matched with that of the rotary feed ratio. Compared with the other two sets of rotational speeds, the spinning force of the conventional spinning stage decreases.