## 1 Introduction  
In regions with little recent seismic activity, the effect of a seismic event can often be overlooked. With a low seismic hazard, a return period of, at times, hundreds of years, and the efficacy of modern building materials at mitigating risk, seismic risk can be easy to ignore. However, for assets of cultural heritage and historical buildings that have existed for centuries, these risks are inevitable. The seismic evaluation of heritage structures is of particular interest since they are often unique and irreplaceable, holding significant historical and cultural values as built heritage. These structures are commonly built with traditional building materials such as unreinforced masonry and were not designed to withstand the significant lateral loading often accompanying seismic events. In addition, they can be expensive to maintain and difficult to work on. Many of these buildings are characterized by irregular geometry, massive size and weight, and masonry composing them that is brittle and vulnerable to tensile and shear loading. These characteristics influence the seismic behavior and vulnerability of a historical structure [1]. Numerical methods and modeling have successfully been employed for the analysis of heritage structures by allowing the simulation of an applied loading condition [2; 3; 4; 5]. This application is commonly used to simulate the response of a structure to either a static loading condition, such as a lateral load being applied to a wall, or a dynamic loading condition consisting of a time-history seismic input. The methods are also commonly considered in both the linear elastic and non-linear regimes for materials and are therefore entirely dependent on the constitutive and material models used in the modeling approach. Typical methods for the modeling of masonry involve the different treatment of the mortar-brick interface that characterizes the material. Micro-modeling approaches are more computationally demanding and can be used to model individual masonry units and the interfaces between them as discontinuous. Macro-modeling approaches represent the masonry structure as a homogenized approximation of its composition; they are therefore less computationally demanding and require fewer individual properties as inputs [6]. The need for validation and support of the model-based approach is essential; experimentally obtained data can complement a numerical model by obtaining experimental values for the mechanical and physical properties of a specific site [7]. However, for a culturally significant and protected site, it is difficult to properly assess their mechanical and compositional properties using ex situ laboratory setups or other means that would involve the partial or total destruction of an element. The importance of performing non-destructive tests (NDTs) to assess these parameters becomes immediately apparent; being able to understand the behavior of the structure and its materials without negatively affecting the existing elements is paramount to assessing its current state responsibly. Physical properties, such as compressive strengths for individual units and mortars, can be obtained using more analog methods such as those outlined in this report (Schmidt hammer, Schmidt pendulum hammer, penetrometer, and scratch testing instrument). More wholistic parameters that represent more global properties can be assessed using wave-based methods and dynamic identification, in addition to being able to highlight potential damage in the site [7]. Furthermore, these methods can be used to calibrate a developed numerical model according to their modal parameters of vibration frequencies, mode shapes, and damping [8]. Lanjaron is in one of the most seismically vulnerable regions in Spain [9]. Despite local interest in the preservation of its historical castle, no innovative academic studies within the framework of seismic evaluation and historical structural conservation have been performed.