# Hydroxyryrosol-Rich Olive Extract for Plasma Cholesterol Control
## 4 Discussion
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c} \hline \hline  & & \multicolumn{3}{c}{**SelectSIFEV® OptiChol} \\  & & \multicolumn{3}{c}{**(N. 30)**} \\ \cline{2-5}
**Parameters** & **Pre-Run-in** & **Baseline** & **Week 4** \\ \cline{2-5}  & **Mean \(\pm\) SD** & **Mean \(\pm\) SD** & **Mean \(\pm\) SD** & **_p_-Value versus** \\  & & & & **Baseline** \\ \hline Age (years) & \(53\pm 5\) & & & \\ WC (cm) & \(89.8\pm 5.3\) & \(88.9\pm 5.1\) & \(87.7\pm 5.5\) & n.s. \\ ICO & \(0.56\pm 0.08\) & \(0.54\pm 0.07\) & \(0.53\pm 0.08\) & n.s. \\ BMI (\(\text{kg}/\text{m}^{2}\)) & \(24.8\pm 2.2\) & \(24.6\pm 2.2\) & \(24.3\pm 2.3\) & n.s. \\ SBP (mmHg) & \(134\pm 5\) & \(133\pm 5\) & \(130\pm 2\) & \(<\)0.05 \\ DBP (mmHg) & \(87\pm 2\) & \(86\pm 3\) & \(86\pm 2\) & n.s. \\ PP (mmHg) & \(47\pm 2\) & \(47\pm 2\) & \(44\pm 2\) & \(<\)0.05 \\ HR (bpm) & \(74\pm 4\) & \(74\pm 4\) & \(75\pm 5\) & n.s. \\ FPC (mg/dL) & \(88\pm 3\) & \(90\pm 3\) & \(85\pm 2\) & \(<\)0.05 \\ TC (mg/dL) & \(248\pm 13\) & \(238\pm 12\) & \(225\pm 7\) & \(<\)0.05 \\ HDL-C (mg/dL) & \(44\pm 3\) & \(44\pm 3\) & \(48\pm 2\) & \(<\)0.05 \\ LDL-C (mg/dL) & \(161\pm 8\) & \(155\pm 8\) & \(145\pm 5\) & \(<\)0.05 \\ Non HDL-C (mg/dL) & \(204\pm 11\) & \(198\pm 11\) & \(177\pm 8\) & \(<\)0.05 \\ TG (mg/dL) & \(216\pm 19\) & \(197\pm 16\) & \(186\pm 18\) & n.s. \\ AST (mg/dL) & \(23\pm 3\) & \(25\pm 4\) & \(24\pm 3\) & n.s. \\ ALT (mg/dL) & \(22\pm 3\) & \(22\pm 3\) & \(23\pm 4\) & n.s. \\ gGT (mg/dL) & \(32\pm 2\) & \(33\pm 2\) & \(30\pm 5\) & n.s. \\ SUA (mg/dL) & \(8.5\pm 1.8\) & \(8.6\pm 1.5\) & \(7.7\pm 1.1\) & \(<\)0.05 \\ Creatinine (mg/dL) & \(0.8\pm 0.1\) & \(0.8\pm 0.1\) & \(0.8\pm 0.2\) & n.s. \\ eGFR (ml/min) & \(88\pm 4\) & \(89\pm 4\) & \(87\pm 5\) & n.s. \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular} ALT = Alanine aminotransferase; AST = Aspartate aminotransferase; BMI = Body mass index; DBP = Diastolic blood pressure; eGFR = Estimated glomerular filtration rate; FPG = Fasting plasma glucose; gGT = Gamma-glutamyl transferase; HDL-C = High-density lipoprotein cholesterol; HR = Heart rate; ICO = Index of central obesity; LDL-C = Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; N = Number of individuals; n.s. = Not significant; PP = Pulse pressure; SD = Standard deviation; SUA = Serum uric acid; SBP = Systolic blood pressure; TG = Triglycerides; WC = Waist circumference.  
\end{table} 
Table 3: Anthropometric, hemodynamic, and blood chemistry parameters from the baseline to the end of the clinical trial. high BP--were related to hydroxytyrosol or oleic acid contents or their combination involve oil [26]. By summarizing the available evidence, this pooled analysis did not show any significant effects of the hydroxytyrosol consumption on the MetS components, while the polyphenolic-rich olive oil was as good as a standard care for MetS management. These findings are definitely conclusive in determining that the supplementation with a phenolic-rich olive extract (also known as \"virgin olive oil\") is an effective tool for the prevention and treatment of MetS, unlike the isolated polyphenolic fractions. Of course, there is no doubt that Mediterranean dietary patterns that are rich in olive oil exert per se different protective action against CV aging. As a matter of fact, in the Seguimiento University of Navarra (SUN) project, the hazard ratio for CVD for olive oil consumption \(\geq\)30 g/day (versus \(<\)10 g/day) was 0.57 (95% Confidence Interval (CI): 0.34, 0.96) in a follow-up that was conducted over 10.8 years [27]. Moreover, in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC, Spain) that had a follow-up of 22.8 years, the hazard ratios for stroke according to the amount of olive oil consumption were 0.84 (0.70, 1.02), 0.80 (0.66, 0.96), 0.89 (0.74, 1.07) for 0 to \(<\)10, 10 to \(<\)20, 20 to \(<\)30, and \(\geq\)30 g/day of olive oil, respectively [27]. However, it is necessary to specify that not all of the commercially available olive oils have the same polyphenols content.