# Plant-Based Fish Analogs--A Review
## 2 Fish Alternative Products Market Review  
Currently, there are several plant-based fish products available on the market. In Table 1, plant-based fish products with listed ingredients as well as nutritional value, are shown. Main groups such as fillets, slices, fish sticks, or burgers can be distinguished (Figure 2). The most popular product group is fillets. The market review showed fillets are commonly found on each analyzed continent--Europe, Asia, and North and South America. Moreover, fillets occur both in breaded and non-breaded forms. In this group, the most commonly used basic raw material is soybean protein. Wheat or pea protein, as well as rice, are also often used [25]. For instance, the OmniFoods company from Hong Kong produces fish analogs (\"Golden fillet\") using soybean, pea and rice protein, rapeseed oil, and potato starch. The products have also been enriched with omega-3 fatty acids [26]. Some companies use a mixture of various plant proteins. This way of designing plant-based food products is very important from the point of view of providing complementary proteins [15]. For example, the American Good Catch uses a blend of pea protein isolate, soy protein concentrate, chickpea flour, faba protein, lentil protein, soy protein isolate, and navy bean powder [27]. Vegan fish fillets are also present on the European market--Novish,a Dutch company, launched plant-based substitutes in January 2020, which made them the first vegan fish company in Europe. The products contain, e.g., rice, water, wheat flour, or rapeseed oil [28]. It is well-known that soybean is an allergenic food product. Its proteins can cause unwanted effects like diarrhea, vomiting, urticaria, anaphylaxis, and atopy, as well as facial swelling, airway narrowing, and difficulties in breathing [29]. A lot of plant-based alternatives contain this source of protein. However, some products on the market do not contain this allergen. For example, Novish produces soy-free products, which may be good product for allergy sufferers interested in a vegan diet [28]. There are also VBites products from the United Kingdom on the European market, which are made of, e.g., rapeseed oil, yeast, konjac flour, tapioca, and wheat starch [30]. Yeast is the source of the specific taste and the protein that can be used in a wide range of foodstuffs--an inexpensive supplement to the human diet [31]. Industries try to recreate specific fish species; salmon is the most frequently chosen species. An analog of salmon produced by the Asian company May Wah is made from soy and wheat proteins, salt, soy sauce, and canola oil [32]. In addition, another often imitated species of fish is cod. For instance, cod fillet produced by the Malaysian company TKC Food uses soy protein, tapioca starch, and vegetable oils [33]. Occasionally, companies seek unique concepts which differentiate them from others. Such an approach is represented by Everbest, which developed a substitute for the Goby Fish. The product is based on soy protein, water, tapioca starch, yeast extract, and seaweed [34]. Another popular type of plant-based product is sliced smoked salmon. For example, the vegan salmon of Austrian company Revo is made of pea protein, canola, and linseed oils [35], whereas the product of Vbites is based on rapeseed oil and soya protein [30]. In contrast, the salmon alternative produced by the American enterprise Sophie's Kitchen contains olive oil, konjac powder, pea starch, potato starch, pea protein, organic agave nectar, or seaweed powder [36]. [PERSON] et al. [8] showed that using the water-soluble polysaccharide-konjac glucomannan could influence the texture and rheological properties to mimic the tissue of the seafood analogs. The authors stated that adding konjac glucomannan could be a good solution to simulate seafood products without the need for high-pressure extrusion. Market research shows that fish sticks are most often produced and are common mainly in Europe. In addition, they usually occur in breaded form, and the main ingredient is wheat protein.