## 1 Introduction
[22] discovered that in big campus areas, enclosed layouts are recommended, but at large teaching building scales, zigzag building plans are preferable. [PERSON] et al. [23] found that the symmetrical layout of campus buildings efficiently obstructs the northwest wind in cold parts of China, consequently decreasing the wind velocity within the campus during winter. However, during summer, this symmetrical layout is not ideal for promoting effective natural ventilation indoors in colder areas. In Hong Kong, [PERSON] et al. [24] discovered that increased campus building density correlates with decreased wind speed on the site, impacting the inside ventilation of buildings and reducing thermal comfort. [PERSON] et al. [25] and [PERSON] et al. [26] suggest that in an enclosed plan for campus buildings, openings should face the direction of the summer wind to allow the summer breeze to flow into the enclosed space, improving the air exchange rate within. Primary school buildings in China display specific layouts and architectural designs. The design of primary school buildings follows the national standard \"Code for Design of Primary and Secondary Schools\" (GB50099-2011) [27], leading to similarities in building orientation, height, number of stories, and classroom size within the same climatic zone [28; 29]. In cold regions, primary school buildings typically orient towards the south, are limited to four floors, and can hold a maximum of 45 children per classroom. These guidelines enhance consistency in the layout and design of primary school buildings. Presently, numerous studies categorize the arrangement of campus buildings in China as enclosed (the left one in Figure 1), row-by-row (the middle one in Figure 1), and branching (the right one in Figure 1) [30; 31; 32]. This trait is most noticeable in elementary school cam puses. The red circle in Figure 1 indicates the educational part of the campus buildings. Regardless of the plan adopted, the prototype of the teaching buildings remains consistent. When it comes to the internal layout of buildings, the teaching buildings in primary schools generally adopt an exterior corridor design (Figure 2), with the corridor located on the north side and the classrooms on the south side [33]. This architectural floor design is currently being used as a pattern by numerous researchers in China for their research [34; 35; 36]. This is mainly because the \"Code for Design of Primary and Secondary Schools\" (GB50099-2011) requires that classrooms must be able to receive direct sunlight [27]. Consequently, examining the architectural floor plans and campus layouts of primary school buildings will yield more broadly applicable research findings for the design of primary school buildings. China assesses the wind environment on campus and classroom ventilation based on the \"Green Campus Evaluation Standard\" (GB/T51356-2019) [2] and the \"Green Building Evaluation Standard\" (GB/T50378-2019) [37]. Both criteria mandate that during winter, the wind speed at a height of 1.5 m above the ground in pedestrian areas on campus must not exceed 5 m/s, and should not surpass 2 m/s in activity areas. Furthermore, the wind pressure difference between the windward and leeward surfaces of buildings, excluding the first row facing the wind, should not surpass 5 Pa. During summer, the regulations require that there are no windless spots (wind speed 0.2 m/s) in activity areas on campus, and over 50% of the building's external windows should have an indoor-outdoor wind pressure differential exceeding 0.5 Pa. The \"Design Code for Primary and Secondary Schools\" (GB50099-2011) [27] assesses the internal ventilation of buildings based on the air exchange rate. The air exchange rate in primary school classrooms must be at least 2.5 times each hour. Furthermore, indoor air velocity and air age are alternative indications that can be utilized as assessment criteria for classroom ventilation [38]. Air age is the duration it takes for fresh air to enter a building and reach a designated point indoors.