## 3 Proposed Model
### Measurements and Environment Definitions for Urban Area  
Using the real data measurement, we now suggest that there are several empirical path loss models suitable for the signal mobile system, using the sender (TX) and receiver (RX), for 5G mmWave wireless networks with a frequency between 28 GHz and 38 GHz. The measurement frequency between 28 GHz and 38 GHz came from a broadband sliding channel effect, using (BPSK) identical binary shift keying and modulated Pseudo-noise (PN). The 28 GHz combine 11.2\({}^{\circ}\) and 28.9\({}^{\circ}\) half-power bandwidth (HPBW) antennas at the sender (TX) and receiver (RX). The 38 GHZ combine 9.2\({}^{\circ}\) and 49.7\({}^{\circ}\) half-power band width (HPBW) antenna at receiver (RX) [14; 15; 16]. The measurement propagation [14; 15; 16] combines power delay profiles (PDPs) for single point angles using high directions (8, 19). The data measurement for microwave path loss models was collected in different places in an urban area (Tables 1 and 2). In order to show the non-line-of-sight (NLOS) for the different frequency between 28 GHz and 38 GHz mmWave bands (Table 1), we introduced the empirical path loss model and show the statistics with 10 m free space distance for a range of locations, and the directional RX antennas for each location. The tables provided simple mmWave path loss models that are functional with the height and frequency for different directions. The definitions of the environment used in Tables 1 and 2 explained that the RX locations were classified according to the NLOS definition:  
NLOS refers to the path of propagation of a radio frequency (RF) that is obscured (partially or completely) by obstacles, thus making it difficult for the radio signal to pass through (Figure 2). Common obstacles between radio transmitters and radio receivers are tall buildings, trees, physical, scope, and high-voltage power conductors. While some obstacles absorb and others reflect the radio signal; similarly, they all limit the transmission ability of signals (Figure 2) [6]. The signal was measured at 28 GHz RX at the University of Bridgeport, Connecticut, USA (see Figure 3 for different locations). The green dots in Figure 3 show the distances at the TX locations, which went up to 300 m. For RX locations, we used half-power Beam width antennas (HPBW) with 25.3 dB (11.2\({}^{\circ}\) HPBW) and 16 dB (28.9\({}^{\circ}\) HPBW) gain antennas at the TX and RX for the largest range of measurement of 184 dB incoming signals from different angles of arrivals. The data measurement was collected over distances of 25 to 500 m but was cut from 20 to 251 m based on the power failure [14]. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c} \hline \hline
**Environment** & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**NLOS**} \\ \hline TX height antenna (m) & 8 & 19 \\ RX height antenna (m) & 1.55 & \\ TX gain antenna (dB) & 24.8 & \\ TX(HPBW) (\({}^{\circ}\)) & 11.2\({}^{\circ}\) & \\ RX gain antenna (dB) & 24.8 & 16 \\ RX (HPBW) (\({}^{\circ}\)) & 11.2\({}^{\circ}\) & 28.9\({}^{\circ}\) \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 1: Measurements between the sender (TX) and the receiver (RX) with a frequency of 38 GHz. Figure 2: Visual representation of a non-line-of-sight (NLOS). For the frequency of 38 GHz propagation (Table 2), the signal was measured at 38 GHz RX at the University of Bridgeport, Connecticut, USA (see Figure 3 for different distances up to 300 m with six different handheld measurements, using two different transition locations). There were six handheld RX locations using half-power Beam width antennas (HPBW). Most TX-RX locations used 25.3 dBi (9.2\({}^{\circ}\) HPBW) gain directional antennas, while others used 14 dBi gain (49.7\({}^{\circ}\) HPBW) antennas at the RX. The data measurement was collected over distances of 25 to 500 m [14]. Tables 1 and 2 show path loss at a 3 m frequency for a distance signal, which was obtained with a high antenna gain at 28 and 38 GHz. The NLOS measurement data in these tables is closely modeled by the environment parameters for the path loss model.