## 6 Conclusions  
The proposed hybrid model, which combines deterministic and stochastic methods with risk assessment, represents a significant advance in the analysis of mining projects. Unlike purely deterministic models, which fail to capture parameter variability, and stochastic models, which can provide probabilistic insights that are difficult to translate into concrete, actionable decisions, our hybrid approach balances the strengths of both methodologies. This provides a structured and flexible framework for risk assessment in mining operations, especially in cases with high geological uncertainty and market price fluctuations. Its key advantage lies in its ability to examine a wide range of potential economic outcomes, allowing for a realistic assessment of the profitability of a project under conditions of uncertainty. The incorporation of Monte Carlo simulations allows for the generation of various scenariosthat mirror real fluctuations in market and operational conditions, while the application of VaR and CVaR analyses enables precise risk quantification and the definition of project sustainability thresholds. The model also affords the flexibility to adjust mine boundaries based on market trends and shifts in key input parameters, thereby enhancing strategic decision-making. Comparing the deterministic and stochastic approaches leads to several key conclusions. Deterministic analysis underestimates risk and fails to account for the possibility of negative NPV, while stochastic analysis offers a more realistic view of the project's economic performance. Although the average NPV in the stochastic model presents better figures, there is substantial variability, which highlights the need for a more thorough risk assessment before making final investment decisions. Mine boundaries also change with input parameters, confirming that flexible exploitation and mine planning strategies are essential to minimize the negative impacts of market and operational fluctuations. It is important to note that the present model does not aim to offer an optimal solution regarding the mine's boundaries; rather, it serves as a tool that provides decision-makers with clearer insight into the uncertainties and risks during project development. Although the analysis provides detailed _insight_ into the uncertainty of the mining project, certain limitations should be considered. Monte Carlo simulations were conducted with a limited number of iterations, which is efficient in terms of computational complexity but may be insufficient to accurately capture rare, extreme scenarios. Given its complex nature, it is evident that the analysis requires significant time resources, i.e., more engineer hours, compared to the conventional approach. However, since it defines indicators of significant value for the strategic decision-making process and for projects whose lifespan is often measured in decades with values in the hundreds of millions of dollars, this additional time spent on analysis is certainly justified. Increasing the number of iterations could enhance the stability of the estimate and quantify financial risks more precisely. While this study primarily focuses on polymetallic deposits (copper, gold, silver), the proposed methodology can also be adapted to other deposit types, such as coal and non-metallic mineral deposits, by adjusting key input parameters. These adaptations would involve modifying geological uncertainty factors, incorporating economic models that account for coal price volatility, and considering regulatory constraints related to environmental policies. Future research should focus on validating the model's robustness under different mining conditions. Beyond deposit-type considerations, open-pit mining projects are also exposed to a range of non-financial risks that can significantly impact operational stability and long-term sustainability. Technical risks, such as potential equipment failures and geotechnical stability issues, present challenges that must be accounted for in strategic mine planning.