# Systematic Analysis of Risks in Industry 5.0 Architecture
## 1 Introduction
### Industry 5.0 Overview
Along with human centricity, Industry 5.0 distinguishes itself by thoughtfully incorporating sustainable and resilient practices into the constantly changing realm of modern industrial systems, as depicted in Figure 3. To complement the evolution of Industry 4.0, Industry 5.0 represents a strategic change towards tackling socio-environmental challenges stemming from the ongoing digital industrial transition [13]. Industry 5.0, which positions itself as a comprehensive approach that fully incorporates digitalization into processes throughout organizations and supply chains, essentially aims to achieve a symbiosis of technological, social, and ecological elements. The change from a solely technological focus to one that takes into account the advantages and comfort of individuals further reinforces the sustainability element and fits in with the overall wellbeing of society in what is sometimes referred to as \"Society 5.0\" [14]. The circular economy is a key focus in the context of electric vehicles, emphasizing the circularity of resources in supply chains. Product-Service Systems (PSS) enable new business models for this economy. Industry 5.0's sustainable value networks prioritize service integration and digital technologies to enhance ties between participants [15]. Global automakers prioritize sustainability through recycling and product reuse, leading to supply chain reorganization. Electric vehicles and digitization are  
Figure 2: Industry 5.0 architecture [7]. transforming the sector, fostering stronger supplier-manufacturer relationships through digital technology and product-related services [16]. In Industry 5.0, where complex industrial processes are vulnerable to disruptions due to the use of modern technologies like AI, big data analytics, and IoT, resilience is essential. The idea goes beyond only enduring difficulties; it also emphasizes performance enhancement and flexibility in the face of setbacks. The need for resilience has been highlighted by the COVID-19 pandemic, which implies that organizations must develop systems that can withstand disruptions and quickly bounce back. Resilience is mostly attributed to flexibility and inherent redundancy, which allow systems to overcome malfunctions or failures. To prevent and successfully respond to disruptions in the Industry 5.0 scenario, organizations need to proactively strengthen resilience through techniques like modular production systems, flexible manufacturing system designs, and risk management procedures, including cybersecurity measures [17; 18]. The emphasis on resilience and sustainability is not just a catchphrase in Industry 5.0; it is a core design principle. The awareness of the essential role that humans play in this technology environment is what distinguishes Industry 5.0. A special synergy is produced when humans and machines work together. Humans are adaptable, skilled at addressing problems, and capable of making subtle decisions. This human-machine collaboration promotes sustainable operations by lowering the need for ongoing maintenance and guaranteeing steady production. Because human workers can swiftly adjust to changing circumstances and manage unforeseen problems, Industry 5.0 places a strong emphasis on the human touch as a means of developing resilience. In Industry 5.0, a holistic strategy that leverages the capabilities of both humans and robots emerges as essential to attaining sustainability and resilience.