# The Ability to Control VOC Emissions from Multilayer Building Materials
## 2 Materials and Methods
### Experimental System  
A special laboratory test stand was designed and developed to conduct the experiment. The experimental system contained a stainlesssteel chamber, a clean air generator, an air preparation system and a Laboratory Radiant Floor Heating System (LRFHS) electrically powered with a temperature regulation and monitoring unit (Figure 6).  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c} \hline \hline
**Product** & **D1** & **D2** & **D3** \\ \hline Primer & Polyurethane solvent primer & Polyurethane solvent primer & Based on water dispersion primer \\ Wood floor adhesive & Polyurethane adhesive & Polyurethane–epoxy adhesive & Polyurethane–epoxy adhesive \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}
Table 2: Sets of multilayer construction products—D type (top layer is wooden oak parquet).  
Figure 6: Test stand scheme (**a**): electrically powered radiant floor heating multilayers system (**b**) located in a test chamber; the control panel –conditioning parameters’ monitoring (**c**).  
The test chamber was connected with an electronic mass flow controller controlling the airflow and air-change rate. During the experiment, the air exchange rate \(n\) was 0.5 h\({}^{-1}\) for one test period, 1.0 h\({}^{-1}\) for a second test period and 1.5 h\({}^{-1}\) for a third test period. The air velocity above RFHS was set within the range of 0.1 m/s to 0.3 m/s. Sensors measured the temperature (T\({}_{\text{chamber}}\)) and relative humidity of air RH in the ventilated chamber. The volume of the chamber is 0.1 m\({}^{3}\).The main elements of the LRFHS are the heater, the temperature control and a monitoring system with temperature sensors controlling the temperature of the top layer surface (T1), multilayer coating (T2) and heater (T3). The task of the LRFHS was to maintain the set temperature of the top surface layer (T1) equal to 29 \({}^{\circ}\)C for samples and 33 \({}^{\circ}\)C for W samples. The optimal heater temperature value (T3) was 40 \({}^{\circ}\)C for the D samples and 45 \({}^{\circ}\)C for the M samples. The heating system is equipped with nine calibrated sensors, PT-100. These are resistance sensors made of platinum with a resistance value of 100 \(\Omega\) at 0 \({}^{\circ}\)C. Two types of sensors were used: Type 361 with a length of 15 cm and a diameter of 2.5 mm is placed in the process cover, which will enable its multiple-use, Type 383 with a diameter of 30 mm \(\times\) 3.5 mm and a thickness of 1.5 mm.  
The authors designed an experiment comparing the nature of the emission of volatile organic compounds from the multilayer construction products under standard conditions equal to 23 \({}^{\circ}\)C (without heating) and heating for dry or wet rooms. Tests were carried out simultaneously in twochambers with temperature values of 23 \({}^{\circ}\)C and 29 \({}^{\circ}\)C (for dry D samples) or 33 \({}^{\circ}\)C (for wet W samples). The given test parameters are presented in Table 4.  
The stability of temperature detected during the monitoring test chamber time (emission profile time) is presented in Figure 7. Stabilised temperature variations T1 and T2 are bigger for wet samples W than for dry samples D but did not exceed 2 \({}^{\circ}\)C.  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c c} \hline \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**Type**} & \multicolumn{4}{c}{**Chamber with Heating No.1**} & \multicolumn{4}{c}{**Chamber without Heating No.2**} \\ \cline{2-9}  & **Top Layer** & **Heater** &
\begin{tabular}{c} **Multilayer** \\ **Coating** \\ \end{tabular} & **RH** & **T1/T2** & **RH** & **T\({}_{\text{chamber}}\)** \\ \cline{2-9}  & **T1 (\({}^{\circ}\)C)** & **T3 (\({}^{\circ}\)C)** & **T2 (\({}^{\circ}\)C)** & **(\%)** & **(\({}^{\circ}\)C)** & **(\({}^{\circ}\)C)** & **(\({}^{\circ}\)C)** \\ \hline D & 29\(\pm\)0.5 & 36 \(\pm\) 0.5 & 31 \(\pm\) 0.5 & 50 \(\pm\) 2 & 23 \(\pm\) 0.