# New Approaches in Dynamic Metrics for Lighting Control Systems: A Critical Review
## 5 Discussion of Results
### Complementarity and Utility of Daylighting Metrics
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Metric** & **Scope** & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Strengths**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Limitations**} \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{Daylight Factor (DF)} & Health and & - & Simple and quick to calculate & - & Ignores orientation and climate \\  & Health and & - & Historically used and widely understood & - & Only overcast skies \\  & visual comfort & - & Yields conservative energy & - & are considered \\  & & & consumption estimates & - & Does not consider artificial \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{Daylight Autonomy (DA)} & Energy & - & Useful for minimum & - & Does not consider artificial \\  & Energy & - & illuminance assessments & & light control \\  & efficiency and & - & Reflects daylight availability based on & - & Ignores seasonal and \\  & visual comfort & - & climate data & & spectral variation \\  & & - & Serves as the basis for other & - & Binary pass/fail threshold may \\  & & & dynamic metrics & & oversimplify performance \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{\begin{tabular}{c} Continuous DA (DAcon) \\ \end{tabular} & Energy & - & Introduces gradual scoring for values & - & Lack of adoption in design \\  & efficiency & & below the illuminance threshold & & guidelines and regulations \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{\begin{tabular}{c} Overcast DA \\ (DAo) \\ \end{tabular} & Energy & - & Serves to link DF with dynamic metrics & - & Inherits many DF limitations \\  & efficiency & - & Useful in diffuse sky conditions & - & Inherits many DF limitations \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{\begin{tabular}{c} Continuous \\ Overcast DA \\ (DAo.con) \\ \end{tabular} & Energy & - & Useful for sensorless DLCS & - & Requires further adjustment for \\  & efficiency & - & Can be derived from DF & & north-facing rooms in \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{\begin{tabular}{c} Partial Daylight Autonomy (DAp) \\ \end{tabular} & Energy & - & Adjusts DA to seasonal use & - & Tied to specific \\  & efficiency & - & Useful for schools or buildings with & & occupancy profiles \\  & & different occupancy patterns & - & Not widely adopted \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{Spatial DA (sDA)} & \multirow{3}{*}{Visual comfort} & - & Intuitive interpretation of the results & - & Its lack of granularity can hide \\  & & - & Recommended by IES and LEED & & illuminance imbalances \\  & & - & Useful for a broad illuminance assessment & & \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{\begin{tabular}{c} Annual Sunlight Exposure (ASE) \\ \end{tabular} } & \multirow{3}{*}{Visual comfort} & - & Intuitive interpretation of the results & - & Its lack of granularity can hide \\  & & - & Recommended by IES and LEED & & illuminance imbalances \\  & & - & Useful to estimate the risk of overexposure & - & Does not directly assess glare \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{\
\begin{tabular}{c} Useful Daylight Illuminance (UDI) \\ \end{tabular} } & \multirow{3}{*}{Visual comfort} & - & Takes into account both insufficient and & - & Does not directly assess glare \\  & & & excessive illuminance & - & No formal regulatory basis \\  & & - & Useful in tandem with spatial metrics & - & Based on circadian entrainment \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{
\begin{tabular}{c} Circadian Stimulus \\ Autonomy (CSA) \\ \end{tabular} } & Health and & - & Estimates circadian stimulus & - & Based on circadian entrainment \\  & & - & Relates spectrum, timing, and health to an & - & Does not account for relevant \\ \cline{1-1}  & well-being & & illuminance value & - & factors such as chronotype, age, or prior exposure \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 3: Assessment of daylighting metrics: Strengths and limitations.