## 1 Introduction
[15] fabricated interconnective pores in an Mg scaffold through template replication of infiltration casting. Their study revealed that the regulation of mechanical strength, cell migration, and proliferation could be controlled through proper pore size distribution. To improve the strength and corrosion resistance of a Mg matrix, several reinforcements have been investigated, including metals, ceramics, and polymers [16; 17; 18; 19; 20; 21; 22; 23; 24; 25; 26]. [PERSON] et al. [27] studied the effect of low-cost eggshells on a Mg-Zn alloy's mechanical and immersion properties. The addition of 5% eggshell particles to the matrix improved the corrosion resistance of the alloy with an increase in mechanical strength. [PERSON] et al. [28] analyzed the effect of space holder content and sintering temperature on Mg foams. The Mg foams were produced using carbamide particles in the sintering dissolution process (SDP). The carbamide was added in different concentrations, and it was found that the optimum percentage achieved was 50%. The adequate compressive strength and density resulted was 5 MPa and 0.61 g/cm\({}^{3}\) at 630 \({}^{\circ}\)C sintering temperature. In addition, another study proposed by [PERSON] et al. [29] utilized Mg alloys LAE442 (4 wt% Li, 4 wt% Al, 2 wt% rare earth mischmetal, and balance Mg) and MgLa2 (2 wt% La and balance Mg) as an open-pore biodegradable implant with different pore sizes. The LAE442 alloy turned out to be a better option in terms of casting and mechanical properties. Moreover, the alloys were coated with different coating materials for better bone ingrowth determination. Better biocompatibility and corrosion rates were observed with a MgF\({}_{2}\) + PLA combination. Othertechniques were also used to improve the anti-toxicity and osteoconductivity of porous implants by incorporating different drugs and natural extracts. [PERSON] et al. [30] studied the effect of heat treatment on gentamicin (GM) loaded polyelectrolyte multilayers on a Mg alloy. The alloy was constructed through spin-assisted layer-by-layer assembly. The corrosion rates seemed to be improved by heat-treated films, which also improved the long-term release of GM, leading to increased antibacterial activity. [PERSON] et al. [31] analyzed a petamethasone sodium phosphate (BSP) drug as a plasma electrolytic coating layer for a Mg alloy. The corrosion rate was reduced by two or three orders of magnitude by adding a drug-loaded BSP layer. Several other studies have been performed by loading different drugs/antibiotics into a porous scaffold to add an anti-inflammatory response and to promote osteogenic activities [32]. Natural medicines have been considered one of the most substantially utilized therapeutic solutions for orthopedic problems. These have shown better outcomes than synthetic medicines from the early Romans and Ayurveda to the 21 st century. Although several medicinal plants are available in our mother nature, their proper utilization for medical solutions is still a matter of research. In the orthopedic implant industry, natural medicines are untouched sections to date due to their unsettled extraction processes and desired concentrations for particular applications. Several natural medicinal materials, such as curcumin powder [33; 34; 35], ginseng [36], naringenin [37; 38], thymol [39], etc., have been used to date for bone therapeutic applications. However, issues such as extraction, incorporation, and required concentration amounts for different applications remain unsolved. Their individual effects are high, but to use them for multiple applications, they must be incorporated within some rigid matrix to withhold them without losing their individual properties. Different composite materials have been synthesized from these natural plant extracts. [PERSON] et al. [40] developed an LDH-curcurcium nanocomposite as a novel wound healing and anti-inflammatory implant. Controlled drug release was obtained along with satisfactory biocompatibility and healing activity with collagen formation.