# Microstructural Evaluation of Dental Implant Success Using Micro-CT: A Comprehensive Review
###### Abstract  
Micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) is an invaluable tool for the evaluation of dental implant success, whereby the assessment of bone microstructure is conducted. This review examines the role of micro-CT in evaluating bone microstructure in dental implants. A review of the current literature reveals that micro-CT enables the accurate measurement of bone volume, trabecular morphology, and connectivity density, all of which play a crucial role in implant stability. The high-resolution three-dimensional visualization capabilities of micro-CT are also beneficial for the analysis of osseointegration and the evaluation of bone augmentation biomaterials. Despite the existence of challenges such as imaging artifacts and limitations in in vivo applications, advancements in sub-micron resolution and artificial intelligence integration offer promise for improving diagnostic capabilities. Micro-CT provides valuable insights into bone microarchitecture and osseointegration dynamics, which have the potential to enhance pre-operative planning and clinical outcomes in dental implantology. Future research should prioritize the standardization of micro-CT analysis protocols and the exploration of direct clinical applications of this technology. d 24 September 202413 November 202  
bond between living bone and the implant surface [2; 11; 12]. The success of osseointegration is contingent upon a number of factors, including implant design, surface characteristics, surgical technique, and patient-related factors, such as the microstructure of the bone in which the implant is placed [2]. The stability of dental implants and their long-term success are directly correlated with the degree of osseointegration achieved [2; 9; 13]. In order to achieve successful treatment outcomes with an implant prosthesis, it is essential to undertake a series of evaluations at each stage of the process. These include model study evaluation, radiographic evaluation, and evaluations of both soft and hard tissues [14]. Once these evaluations have been completed, the next step is to select the most appropriate implant for the installation site. The use of diagnostic imaging has become an indispensable element in the planning and placement of dental implants, offering invaluable insights that enhance the predictability and success of the procedure. The recent advancements in imaging technology have markedly elevated the diagnostic precision, surgical planning, and clinical outcomes associated with dental implant placement [15]. Diagnostic imaging is employed to assess the patient's condition for dental implants, specifically to evaluate the dimensions of the bone to be implanted, including its height, width, and shape. The type of implant to be utilized, the position of the remaining dentition, and the quality of the remaining bone will inform the selection of the radiological approach to be employed prior to implant surgery [16]. The use of cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) has become the preferred imaging modality for dental implant planning, offering three-dimensional (3D) visualization of anatomical structures with a reduced radiation dose [15]. A variety of imaging modalities are available, including tomography, computed tomography (CT), intraoral radiography, cone beam volumetric tomography, traditional extra-oral radiography, and magnetic resonance imaging [11]. It is of the utmost importance to select the most appropriate imaging modality for the patient's condition and to ensure the accurate interpretation of the imaging results [16]. In order to assess bone morphology and microarchitecture, micro-CT is the recommended imaging technique for the evaluation of bone microstructure [17; 18]. Micro-CT has the capacity to generate high-resolution three-dimensional images, thereby providing a novel perspective on the field of implantology research.