## 1 Introduction  
The interplay between geothermal fluids and seismic activity has become an increasingly important topic in seismotectonic research. Fault zones serve as preferential pathways for the ascent of deep crustal fluids, while those fluids can reciprocally influence fault stability through changes in pore pressure and effective normal stress. This two-way feedback mechanism creates a dynamic link between fluid migration and fault mechanics. Geothermal springs, as the surface expressions of such deep fluid systems, offer invaluable geochemical archives of subsurface processes, including tectonic stress perturbation, permeability evolution, and crustal fluid redistribution. In tectonically active regions such as Turkey [1], the United States [2], Japan [3,4], Italy [5, 6, 7], Iceland [8], Morocco, China, and other countries [9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18], a growing number of studies have documented pre- and post-seismic hydrochemical anomalies in hot springs and groundwater systems. These anomalies encompass a range of physicochemical signals, including fluctuations in dissolved gases such as CO\({}_{2}\), He, and H\({}_{2}\)[19, 20, 21], major ion concentrations [8, 22], stable isotopic compositions (\(\delta\)D, \(\delta^{18}\)O) [23, 24, 25], and trace elements like boron, lithium, and radon [26, 27]. Such variations are frequently interpreted as sensitive responses of crustal fluids to tectonic stress accumulation and release. Numerous field observations support this interpretation. In Turkey, spring water levels and solute concentrations shifted prior to the Mw 7.7 and 7.6 Kahramanmaras earthquakes, likely due to changes in aquifer pressure and permeability. During the 2014 South Napa earthquake in California, new springs and streams appeared, attributed to co-seismic disruption of flow paths. In Japan, increased spring discharge and gas anomalies occurred during earthquake swarms in the Matsushiro region and the Noto Peninsula, consistent with deep fluid migration. Italian studies have linked temporal variations in CO\({}_{2}\) degassing, boron levels, and groundwater tables in the Apennines to local seismicity and evolving fault stress fields. In northern Iceland, multi-year monitoring revealed pre-seismic changes in ion concentrations, water temperature, and pH, reflecting enhanced water-rock interaction and crustal deformation. Similar geochemical responses have also been reported along fault systems in Morocco and China. These hydrogeochemical anomalies are widely attributed to stress-induced increases in fracture permeability, fault-valve behavior, or fluid overpressure, which facilitate the upward migration of deep-sourced fluids. In the aftermath of earthquakes, permeability recovery and pressure re-equilibration can further alter flow paths and chemical signatures [9, 28, 29, 30]. Collectively, these findings highlight the diagnostic potential of hydrogeochemical monitoring in understanding subsurface processes during earthquake preparation and recovery. The 2024 Wushi _MS_7.1 earthquake represents the largest seismic event in the Southern Tianshan (STS) region in the past century. Previous research focused on the seismic sequence characteristics, co-seismic deformation, fault kinematics, rupture directivity, and aftershock distribution using methodologies such as high-precision hypocenter relocation, InSAR (Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar), strain and tilt monitoring, and integrated geophysical surveillance systems [31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41]. These studies have identified the Maidan Fault (MDF) as the causative structure, describing the event as a reverse-strike-slip event with a subordinate left-lateral component. Anomalous variations in crustal deformation, gas emissions, and ionospheric have also been documented in association with this event. However, the mechanistic linkages between deep-seated fluid and fault activity in the STS remain inadequately understood.