# Post-Flood Risk Management and Resilience Building Practices: A Case Study
## 6 Results and Discussions
### Survey Results
#### 6.2.2 Emergency Relief Measures in the Case Study Area  
Figure 5 depicts the flood risk management practices in the district. When the flood hit the riverine area in 2010, emergency shelter and rescue were the priority of the government and NGOs. Almost 47% of flood-affected communities reported in favor of the government in providing them emergency shelter. While 24% of respondents claimed that their relatives gave emergency shelter when the flood came, and 18% got emergency shelter provided by NGOs. When asked about relief camps, it was found that the government declared few schools, colleges, and district Layyah jail as camps for flood-affected communities. After the 2010 flood, the government has started to do this practice of shifting people to different schools of Layyah city annually (Figure 6). In KHS, 23% of people got emergency shelter, while in LN 17% of the people received emergency shelter. In relief camps, 50% of the population got the food from the local, national and international organizations. Figure 4: An old woman making mat with date leaves in union council S.  
Figure 5: Flood risk management in district Layyah. The provision of food was mostly carried out by various organizations, as 42% of respondents claimed they received cooked and non-cooked food items from the different organizations and 8% said they received food from relatives in the city. In contrast, the government did not play a role in providing food in relief camps. Around 15% of people claimed to receive food in KHS, while only 2% of respondents in BAK got food. When the level of flood water became low, people went back to their homes and started living there in deteriorated houses and tents provided by the organizations. The government had started a scheme to provide financial assistance to the flood-affected community. A cash transfer scheme named Watan Cards were distributed by the government as compensation for flood victims. Debit cards carrying compensation money were distributed to transfer money in the future, depending on the need of the people [36]. The system faced some technical and administrative difficulties such as delays in money transfers, lack of monitoring corruption and black marketing, and including the name of people in beneficiaries list based on political influence. Some female-headed households were not eligible for Watan cards as they did not have identification cards [37; 38]. Around 9% of respondents got these cards in BAK as its local representatives have strong support from the government. Contrary to it, in LN only 2% of people got Watan cards. Watan cards were issued to married men/women, through which they received 20 thousand rupees (equivalent to 165 AUD). In LN, respondents were not satisfied with financial help. The cards were given to only a few deserving people, while the majority were given to those who had support from the government and political references. Only 10% of respondents got a soft loan in BAK and KHS from their relatives. One of the male respondents in KHS said he got a soft loan of five thousand rupees (equivalent to 41.26 AUD) from his cousin to get food and other non-food items for his family. On other hand, one old respondent in LN said: \"I do not like to take anything from anybody; flood-hit not only our homes but also our self-respect. I felt ashamed of getting any help from relatives\". Hence, it is concluded that there is a gap in flood risk management concerning the integration of structural and non-structural measures in district Layyah. These responses are in line with the study conducted by [PERSON] et al. [39] who determined the flood risk perception and its determinants in rural households of two communities in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province. A survey was carried out in two districts through a questionnaire from 382 respondents. It was found that around 50% of respondents received high-risk perception based on education, flood experience, location of the house near stream bank, and the distance from the river.