# Day-Ahead PV Generation Scheduling in Incentive Program for Accurate Renewable Forecasting
## 4 Numerical Results
### Result of PV Generation Scheduling Problem  
The analysis focused on the daily revenue for the PV generator while considering both power generation sales revenue and incentives. Table 1 shows five cases for the simulation study of the proposed method. Case 1 was designed for revenue comparison by excluding the decision variable and applying the predicted PV generation as the generation schedule. The others were designed so that the ESS and PV curtailment are included or excluded. Subsequently, the results of the scheduling problem were compared and analyzed to assess their impact on the daily revenue. The PV scenarios forecasted PV generation and hourly MP remained consistent for all case simulations. Moreover, the ESS operation is observed irrespective of PV generation levels, while PV curtailment is primarily observed during periods of high PV generation. Therefore, the scheduling problem results were compared for each case when a day with high PV generation was observed. Hourly MP on such a day is shown in Figure 4, indicating that the MP is low during lunchtime when high levels of PV generation are expected. Conversely, the MP is high during the evening when low levels of PV generation are expected. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c} \hline  & **Case 1** & **Case 2** & **Case 3** & **Case 4** & **Case 5** \\ \hline Generation & \begin{tabular}{c} Forecasted PV \\ schedule \\ (\(a_{t}\)) \\ \end{tabular} & \begin{tabular}{c} Decision variable \\ (\(PV_{i}^{\prime}\)) \\ \end{tabular} & \begin{tabular}{c} Decision variable \\ (\(a_{t}\)) \\ \end{tabular} & \
\begin{tabular}{c} Decision variable \\ (\(a_{t}\)) \\ \end{tabular} &
\begin{tabular}{c} Decision variable \\ (\(a_{t}\)) \\ \end{tabular} \\ \hline PV curtailment & Excluded & Excluded & Included & Excluded & Included \\ \hline ESS operation & Excluded & Excluded & Excluded & Included & Included \\ \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 1: Construction of cases for daily revenue comparison. Figure 4: Hourly MP on a day when high PV generation is expected. Figure 5 shows thirty PV scenarios generated based on the forecasted PV generation. This paper does not aim to make predictions but uses a simple forecasting algorithm. It uses actual output data from the same time period seven days ago as a forecasted output, assuming that past output will appear as it is. The PV scenarios between 11:00 and 15:00 observed substantially higher values than the forecasted output. Figure 6 shows the results of the scheduling problem for each case. Case 1 was the benchmark for comparing the economic revenue of all cases. In this case, the generation schedules remained the same as the forecasted PV generation. In case 2, the generation schedules increased between 11:00 and 15:00. During this time, the MP was low, and the PV scenarios appeared higher than the forecasted PV generation. This adjustment was a strategy to reduce the upward energy deviation by adjusting the generation schedules upward. In case 3, the generation schedules increased between 12:00 and 14:00 compared to case 1 but decreased compared to case 2. This adjustment resulted from a strategy that reduced the upward energy deviation by adjusting the generation schedules upward. In case 4, the generation schedules were similar to case 1 between 12:00 and 14:00 but decreased compared to case 2. This strategy reduced the upward energy deviation through the ESS charging operation and decreased the generation schedules to reduce the downward energy deviation. In addition, the generation schedules increased by the amount of ESS discharge for all scenarios during 20:00 and 21:00 when the MP was high. In case 5, the generation schedules increased between 12:00 and 13:00 compared to case 4. During this time, the MP was low, and the PV scenarios were higher than the forecasted PV generation. Despite the simultaneous implementation of ESS charging and PV curtailment, the generation schedules were increased due to sufficient PV generation. Figure 7 shows the results of the SOC of ESS simulation for case 4.