# Beneficial Health Potential of Algerian Polysaccharides
## 3 Results and Discussions
### Potential Health Benefits of L-PSPC and S-PSPC
#### 3.2.2 Biological Activities of S-PSPC  
* Anti-inflammation potential of S-PCPC  
Activation of neutrophils not only results in the activation of membrane NADPH oxidase (NOX2) and the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) but also phenomenon of degranulation. Cytoplasmic granules fuse with the membrane of the phagosome. Microbiad proteins and enzymes, in particular myeloperoxidase (MPO) in the following oxidative explosion. Various autoimmune diseases and chronic inflammation are observed due to these mechanisms [49]. Focusing on new ways to modulate the metabolic activity of neutrophils is today observed in the literature, e.g., through the uses of synthetic steroidal compounds with unwanted side effects. Various natural metabolites such as poly- and oligosaccharidesochronology [50], flavonoids, tannins, alkaloids, coumarins but also essential oils could be proposed as an alternative [51]. In vitro anti-inflammatory effects of S-PCPC for inhibiting MPO and NADPH oxidase activities were analyzed as presented in Figure 5a,b. Both positive controls (dichlorenac and indomethacin) showed better IC\({}_{50}\) values (2.71 and 3.77 \(\mathrm{\SIUnitSymbolMicro g}\)/mL) than S-PSPC (203 and 111 \(\mathrm{\SIUnitSymbolMicro g}\)/mL), respectively (\(p<0.05\)). Inhibition of NOX2 by polysaccharides extracted from medicinal plants has shown varying potentials. The involved polysaccharide extracted from _Artemisia tripartita_ leaves was mainly composed of Xyl, Ara, Glc, Gal, and GalN (Galactosamine) residues [52]. A water-soluble polysaccharide extracted from _Bletilma striata_ (BSPb), a medicinal plant used by Chinese ancestors to treat burns in diabetics, exhibited an inhibitory effect on NOX2. It was of 260 kDa and mainly composed of \(\mathrm{\SIUnitSymbolMicro g}\)-d-(1,2)-Manp and \(\mathrm{\SIUnitSymbolMicro g}\)-d-(1,4)-Glc\(p\), with a molar ratio of 3:1 [53]. In the presence of Angiotensin II (Ang II), significant expression of NADPH oxidase was noted (73.6%). Pretreating the cells with 5 \(\mathrm{\SIUnitSymbolMicro g}\)/mL of BSPb resulted in an intense reduction in the expression of NOX2 and consequently the reduction in ROS, up to 30.2%. This result was in the range of the reduction observed for PSPC at 5 \(\mathrm{\SIUnitSymbolMicro g}\)/mL (23.4%). A water-soluble polysaccharide (PLPC) from _Plantago asatica_ L. seeds showed an anti-inflammatory effect on experimental colitis caused by dextran sulfate sodium salt (DSS) in BALB / c type rats [54]. In this study, PLPC was a heteroxylan of 3870 kDa. Histological observations highlighted a significant reduction in the length of colitis in the group treated with DSS compared to the control group, i.e., 64.3 \(\pm\) 4.1 mm and 85.6 \(\pm\) 4.5 mm, respectively. Type 2 diabetes is a progressive disease that benefits from a complex therapeutic arsenal. Synthetic drugs prescribed for diabetics are increasingly numerous and more and more effective, e.g., hypoglycemic sulfonamides, acarbose, metformin, etc. These products can cause undesirable effects on human health such as the risk of hypoglyemia, weight gain or digestive disorders [55; 56]. * Antihyperglymic potential of S-PCPC  
Today, alternative approaches are currently being targeted as the use of plant mucilages and/or gums with antihyperglycemic potential [57]. One of the regulatory pathways is to inhibit the functioning of \(\alpha\)-amylase and \(\alpha\)-glucosidase, thus preventing the cleavage of carbohydrates into oligosaccharides and their conversion to simple monosaccharides. Thus, it delays digestion process and prolongs their stay in the jejunum [58]. In vitro antihyperglycemic effects of S-PSPC using acarbose as positive control are reported in Figure 5 c, d. Acarbose showed better IC\({}_{50}\) values (0.30 and 0.32 mg/mL) against \(\alpha\)-amylase and \(\alpha\)-glucosidase than S-PSPC (3.60 and 10 mg/mL), respectively (\(p<0.05\)).