# A Survey of Blockchain Applications for Management in Agriculture and Livestock Internet of Things
## 4 Applications of Blockchain in Agricultural and Animal Husbandry IoT
### Ensuring System Security and Privacy
Upon identifying safety-related anomalies through lambda function analysis, a POST request is made to the Infura API, prompting updates on the Ethereum blockchain. Such updates may encapsulate irregular sensor readings and device statuses, among other data points. The Infura API, serving as an Ethereum blockchain interface, facilitates the execution of smart contracts and transactional operations on Ethereum nodes. The concluding layer, the blockchain layer, is characterized by a decentralized assembly of Ethereum nodes managed and mined by entities utilizing Ethereum's comprehensive nodes. Infura administers these nodes and offers an API for transactional updates within user accounts, ensuring that modifications are propagated across the Ethereum network. In essence, data collection is executed via sensor kits, with anomalies securely recorded on the blockchain through Ethereum smart contracts. This mechanism not only enables real-time updates and management of safety incidents but also fosters information exchange among agricultural communities via blockchain, enhancing the collective defensive posture of the system. Furthermore, the paper contemplates the adoption of advanced blockchain technologies to augment the efficacy and scalability of this solution. Paper [131] proposes a blockchain technology-based solution to tackle data security and privacy challenges in smart agricultural systems employing IoT. Particularly in agricultural IoT applications, the expanding number of devices escalates the difficulty of ensuring data security and privacy. These systems amass and analyze vast quantities of sensitive information, including soil moisture levels, temperature readings, and light intensity. However, conventional security strategies frequently fall short of addressing the increasing security risks. Consequently, ensuring the IoT devices and their data remain secure is of utmost importance. The paper recommends incorporating blockchain technology into the IoT security framework to overcome these obstacles. Blockchain's fundamental features, such as immutability and transparency, enhance the system's security, data integrity, and reliability. In the proposed structure, only verified devices and users can interact with data, significantly reducing the potential for breaches and unauthorized access. Moreover, the decentralized nature of blockchain enhances the system's robustness and its resistance to cyber threats by reducing the potential for single-point failures. This innovative approach delineated in the paper effectively navigates the complex landscape of security management for IoT in smart agricultural settings. Table 5 provides a summary of different research areas and their applications as explored in the literature pertaining to ensuring system security. \begin{table}
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**Targeted Challenges** & **Papers** & **Short Introductions** & **Blockchain-Enabled Opportunities** \\ \hline \multirow{8}{*}{Ensuring System Security} & \multirow{3}{*}{[120]} & This paper introduces a system that combines IoT and blockchain technology, designed to improve farm surveillance and productivity with minimal human intervention. & Blockchain technology in this context ensures data integrity and security for the IoT systems in agriculture, enabling reliable and tamper-proof record-keeping. \\  & & IoT, widely applied in the past decade, focuses on connecting smart devices via wired or wireless networks for real-time communication, processing, and monitoring of diverse scenarios, but its heterogeneous and resource-constrained devices challenge traditional security protocols. & Blockchain technology is increasingly being embraced in multiple industries as an innovative approach to secure IoT systems. This adoption addresses the shortcomings of conventional protocols in managing the diverse and resource-limited nature of IoT devices. \\ \cline{1-1}  & & & \\ \cline{1-1}  & & & \\ \cline{1-1}  & & & \\ \cline{1-1}  & & & \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
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