## 6 Conclusions and Prospect  
In order to respond to precise and rapid disaster emergency needs, we have proposed a technical solution for emergency monitoring based on an aerial remote sensing platform and verified its feasibility through testing. The conclusions are as follows:  
(1) In this study, we designed an aerial remote sensing platform based on real-time satellite communication, which mainly includes aircraft, ground observation system, wire less communication system, ground satellite information receiving station, and data processing and application analysis system. Among them, the aircraft platform is the heavy-duty twin rotor unmanned aerial vehicle, Camel 500, produced by Chongqing Tuohang Technology Co., Ltd. The ground observation system is a combination of an orthographic stabilization platform and a visible light camera loaded on it. The wireless communication system is composed of a mobile communication system using the Ku-band.  
(2) In the ground test, under different swinging conditions, the stability accuracies of the orthographic stabilization platform are less than 0.05\({}^{\circ}\), which is better than the theoretical threshold of stability accuracy. The transmission rate of the mobile communication system meets the requirement of 2 Mbps bandwidth. Under these bandwidth conditions, the data packet loss rates are only 0.2% in the static environment and 0.5% in the dynamic environment, both of which meet the requirements.  
(3) In the flight test, the orthographic stabilization platform showed good image stabilization ability in high-frequency fuselage vibration environments greater than 13 Hz. The images captured in the test are clear, with a resolution of less than 1 cm, an overlap rate of more than 70%, a transmission rate bandwidth of no less than 2 Mbps, a packet loss rate of no more than 1%, and a time delay of no more than 2 s, all of which meet the emergency observation requirements.  
(4) The research results indicate that aerial remote sensing platforms based on real-time satellite communication have enormous potential in natural disaster emergency response. They can not only provide high-quality remote sensing data support but also achieve fast and stable communication with ground command centers. However, further research is needed on the performance of image stabilization platforms in complex flight environments. In the future, as the stability and reliability of satellite communication technology continue to improve and the equipment and technology of aerial remote sensing platforms continue to innovate and improve, the platform will adapt to the needs of different types of natural disaster prevention, reduction, and relief.  
Conceptualization, X.H. and C.X.; methodology, S.T.; validation, X.H., Y.H. and W.Q.; formal analysis, Z.X.; investigation, X.H. and Y.H.; data curation, X.H. and C.X.; writing--original draft preparation, X.H.; writing--review and editing, X.H., C.X., S.T., Y.H., W.Q. and Z.X.; visualization, X.H. and S.T.; funding acquisition, X.H. and C.X. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.  
This research was funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (grant number 42077259) and the Foundation of National Institute of Natural Hazards, Ministry of Emergency Management of China (grant number 2023-JBKY-57; ZDJ2020-10).  
The data and materials are available and transparent. The original contributions presented in the study are included in the article. Further inquiries can be directed to the corresponding author.  
We appreciate editors and reviewers for their helpful and professional comments on the manuscript.  
The authors declare no conflicts of interest.