## 6 Farber disease
### MALDI Non-Imaging MS Analysis of GSLs in Various Cell Cultures
#### 3.6.3. GSLs in Hepatic Cancer Cell Lines
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{l l} \hline \hline
**Cell Lines** & **Glycan Structures** \\ \hline \multirow{7}{*}{All cell lines} & [Gal\(\beta 1-3\)Gal\(\alpha 1-4\)Gal\(\beta 1-4\)Glc], [GalNAc\(\beta 1-4\)(NeuAc\(\beta 1-4\)Glc], [Gal\(\beta 1-3\)GlcNAc\(\beta 1-4\)(NeuAc\(\beta 1-3\)Glc] - [Gal\(\beta 1-3\)GlcNAc\(\beta 1-4\)Glc], [Gal\(\beta 1-3\)GlcNAc\(\beta 1-4\)(NeuAc\(\beta 1-4\)Glc] - [Fuc\(\beta 1-2\)Gal\(\beta 1-3\)GlcNAc\(\beta 1-3\)Gal\(\beta 1-4\)Glc], [Fuc\(\beta 1-2\)Gal\(\beta 1-3\)GlcNAc\(\beta 1-3\)Gal\(\beta 1-3\)Gal\(\beta 1-3\)Gal\(\beta 1-4\)Glc] \\ \hline Normal liver cell line HL-7702 & [Gal\(\beta 1-3\)GlcNAc\(\beta 1-3\)Gal\(\beta 1-3\)(Fuc\(\alpha 1-4\)GlcNAc\(\beta 1-3\)Gal\(\beta 1-4\)Glc] \\ \hline \multirow{7}{*}{Hepatocarcinoma cell lines} & [NeuGc\(\alpha 2-8\)NeuAc\(\alpha 2-3\)Gal\(\beta 1-4\)Glc], [Gal\(\beta 1-3\)(Fuc\(\alpha 1-3\)(Fuc\(\beta 1-3\)GlcNAc\(\beta 1-3\)Gal\(\beta 1-4\)Glc] - [Gal\(\beta 1-3\)GlcNAc\(\beta 1-3\)GlcNAc\(\beta 1-3\)GlcNAc\(\beta 1-3\)Gal\(\beta 1-3\)GlcNAc\(\beta 1-3\)Gal\(\beta 1-3\)GlcNAc\(\beta 1-3\)Gal\(\beta 1-4\)Glc] \\  & [Gal\(\beta 1-3\)(Fuc\(\alpha 1-3\)(Fuc\(\beta 1-2\))Gal\(\beta 1-4\)(Fuc\(\beta 1-3\))GlcNAc\(\beta 1-3\)Gal\(\beta 1-4\)Glc], [Fuc\(\beta 1-2\)Gal\(\beta 1-4\)(Fuc\(\beta 1-3\)GlcNAc\(\beta 1-3\)Gal\(\beta 1-4\)Glc], [Gal\(\beta 1-3\)(Fuc\(\beta 1-2\))Gal\(\beta 1-4\)(Fuc\(\beta 1-3\)GlcNAc\(\beta 1-3\)Gal\(\beta 1-4\)Glc] - [Fuc\(\beta 1-3\)(Fuc\(\beta 1-2\))Gal\(\beta 1-4\)(Fuc\(\beta 1-3\))GlcNAc\(\beta 1-3\)Gal\(\beta 1-4\)Glc] \\  & [Gal\(\alpha 1-3\)(Fuc\(\alpha 1-2\))Gal\(\beta 1-4\)(Fuc\(\beta 1-3\)GlcNAc\(\beta 1-3\)Gal\(\beta 1-4\)Glc], [Fuc\(\beta 1-3\)(Fuc\(\alpha 1-2\))Gal\(\beta 1-4\)(Fuc\(\beta 1-3\))GlcNAc\(\beta 1-3\)Gal\(\beta 1-4\)Glc] \\ \hline \multirow{7}{*}{High metastatic potential cell lines and HCCLM3} & [Gal\(\alpha 1-3\)(Fuc\(\alpha 1-2\))Gal\(\beta 1-3\)GlcNAc\(\beta 1-3\)Gal\(\beta 1-4\)Glc], [Gal\(\beta 1-3\)GlcNAc\(\beta 1-3\)Gal\(\beta 1-3\)GlcNAc\(\beta 1-3\)Gal\(\beta 1-4\)Glc], [Gal\(\alpha 1-3\)(Fuc\(\alpha 1-2\))Gal\(\beta 1-4\)(Fuc\(\beta 1-3\))GlcNAc\(\beta 1-3\)Gal\(\beta 1-4\)Glc], [Gal\(\alpha 1-3\)(Fuc\(\alpha 1-2\))Gal\(\beta 1-4\)(Fuc\(\beta 1-3\)GlcNAc\(\beta 1-3\)Gal\(\beta 1-4\)Glc] - [Fuc\(\beta 1-3\)(Fuc\(\alpha 1-2\))Gal\(\beta 1-4\)(Fuc\(\beta 1-3\)GlcNAc\(\beta 1-3\)Gal\(\beta 1-4\)Glc] - [Fuc\(\beta 1-3\)(Fuc\(\alpha 1-2\))Gal\(\beta 1-4\)(Fuc\(\beta 1-3\)GlcNAc\(\beta 1-3\)Gal\(\beta 1-4\)Glc] - [Fuc\(\beta 1-3\)(Fuc\(\alpha 1-2\))Gal\(\beta 1-4\)(Fuc\(\beta 1-3\)GlcNAc\(\beta 1-3\)Gal\(\beta 1-4\)Glc] - [Fuc\(\beta 1-3\)(Fuc\(\alpha 1-2\))Gal\(\beta 1-4\)(Fuc\(\beta 1-3\)GlcNAc\(\beta 1-3\)Gal\(\beta 1-4\)Glc] - [Fuc\(\beta 1-3\)(Fuc\(\alpha 1-2\))Gal\(\beta 1-4\)(Fuc\(\beta 1-3\)GlcNAc\(\beta 1-3\)Gal\(\beta 1-4\)Glc] - [Fuc\(\beta 1-3\)(Fuc\(\alpha 1-2\))Gal\(\beta 1-4\)(Fuc\(\beta 1-3\))GlcNAc\(\beta 1-3\)Gal\(\beta 1-4\)Glc], [Fuc\(\beta 1-3\)(Fuc\(\alpha 1-2\))Gal\(\beta 1-4\)(Fuc\(\beta 1-3\))GlcNAc\(\beta 1-3\)Gal\(\beta 1-4\)Glc] - [Fuc\(\beta 1-3\)(Fuc\(\beta 1-2\))Gal\(\beta 1-4\)(F  
Moreover, the MS data of Du et al. [129] showed during the development of HCC an upregulation of GM1- and GM2-type gangliosides containing \(\text{Sia}\alpha 2-3\text{Gal}\), and of globo-series GSLs also, which were previously reported for breast cancer [197; 285]. The particular expression of GSL-glycans in all cell lines and in different categories of HCC suggests their potential roles in cancer development, metastasis, and as possible diagnostic or therapeutic targets. While MS analysis revealed the presence of multiple glycan structures common to all cell lines, suggesting fundamental roles in cellular processes; specific glycan structures were exclusively found in the hepatocarcinoma cell lines (MHCC97L, MHCC97H, and HCCLM3), indicating a potential link between these unique glycan structures and the malignancy of hepatic cancer cells, and these glycan structures could potentially serve as biomarkers for cancer diagnosis or therapeutic targets.