# Efficient Management of Power Losses from Renewable Sources Using Removable E.V. Batteries
## 2 Literature Review  
### Relationship between Variable Renewable Energy and Storage Requirements  
The relationship between variable renewable energy (from wind and solar sources) and energy storage needs at peak generation times has been addressed by researchers in different fields and from different perspectives: how to integrate variable renewable energy sources into the energy system [6], the need to store part of renewable energy [7; 8; 9] the technical and economic characteristics of energy models [10; 11], the role of long-term variable renewable energy storage [12]. Most researchers show that the requirements for electricity storage from renewable sources are generally moderate at the current level. These requirements increase substantially only in the transition to a predominantly renewable energy system [9; 13], as expected in the European Union by the 2050s. The need for increased storage capacity was addressed in their studies on the German energy market [PERSON], [PERSON], and Zerrahn [8; 14]. Regarding the European market, [PERSON] et al. and [PERSON] et al. [15; 16] conducted studies on energy storage models obtained from renewable sources. For the United States of America, a series of researchers [17; 18; 19; 20; 21] investigated the impact of the increase in the share of renewable energy in total energy generated. Most of these researchers promote a strategy for the incongruity between the supply and demand of renewable energy curtailment to avoid imbalances and protect the power grid in case of excessive feed-in. These researchers offer solutions for variable renewable energy peaks, such as geographic balancing [20; 22; 23; 24], demand management [14], flexible use of renewable energy sources in other sectors such as heat or mobility [18] and greater flexibility on both supply and demand [25]. Other researchers approach issues as the value of energy storage in decarbonizing the electricity sector [21], the spillover effects in exchange-traded funds [26], and energy cooperation between countries [27].  
A 2017 analysis [8] shows that the demand for electricity storage will be extremely high, which will hamper investment in wind and solar power generation sources. [PERSON] [8] demonstrates, based on historical time series illustrating electricity demand and production from variable renewable energy sources, that, without storage, approximately 61% of the energy from wind and solar generators could not be used, unable to find demand at the time of production. Considerable investments in storage capacity are needed to prevent such non-cash generation peaks in market demand [9]. [PERSON] [8] show that current storage facilities would not allow an increase in the share of renewable energy from solar and wind sources of more than 30%, with storage requirements more than 400 times higher than existing ones if switched to fully renewable electricity sources [8; 9; 28]. Consequently, research on efficient energy management of renewable energy sources is essential for informing policymakers. One solution available to policymakers is to help car manufacturers use removable batteries to ensure electric vehicles' energy.