## 4 Results
### Cyber-Attacks and Security Risks
At various grid nodes, Internet of Things sensors are installed to guarantee that electricity is transferred efficiently and correctly. IoT-SG integration problems must be fixed for the network to operate as planned. A neuro-fuzzy smart grid energy monitoring system for the Internet of Things is used by the operator's backbone to gather and transmit the parameters of the prediction model. we assess the effectiveness of an SG power monitoring system that is based on the Neuro-Fuzzy Internet of Things. Both customers and energy providers can gain from better resource analysis and management. Artificial neural network and fuzzy systems are combined in the ANFIS to provide a model that incorporates the best features of each. It makes use of a method called \"Takagi-Surgeon fuzzy inference\". This structure's layers each carry out a certain task and produce an output after processing inputs. The hybrid model combines the iteratively approach and the least-squares method. Any inference system with outputs from linear or constant membership functions can be built using Surgeon-type systems. For modern grids to function properly, the electrical infrastructure needs to be intelligent. Because it addresses the problems that plagued earlier grids, SG is a better and more dependable grid. A power monitoring system that is enhanced by the Neuro-Fuzzy Internet of Things. Systems for managing solar and wind energy are controlled by the ANFIS smart grid controller. Wind and solar power plants will be able to produce much more energy with ANFIS-based power management. Using load power, current, and voltage as inputs, a Neuro-Fuzzy notion for power monitoring based on the Internet of Things was constructed A network or service must be taken down to stop responding to valid requests via a denial-of-service attack. DDoS attacks typically target the servers of well-known organizations, including financial markets, news organizations, banks, and governments. SQL injection changes database data that shouldn't be accessible to users [92]. A website's search bar is regularly used for malicious ends. This is known as SQL injection. A security flaw that cannot be addressed or that programmers are unaware of is called a \"zero-day exploit.\" Engineers must constantly be on the lookout for this vulnerability. DNS tunneling enables the transmission of non-DNS communications on port 53, including HTTP and other protocols. As a standard and authorized method, DNS tunneling is usually disregarded when used for illegal activities [93]. Attackers can transmit their traffic outside and cloak it as DNS to hide the data they transport via the Internet. Table 5 shows the Cyber-Attacks and Security Risks. Data streams from the control center may be altered by intruders, resulting in incorrect choices that put the whole system in danger. Despite using encrypted communication, the P.M.U. and PDC, two essential components of the smart grid, are still vulnerable to hackers. Components like P.M.U.s may have problems if a dependable connection cannot be ensured, which makes these problems worse. The selected method of communication has to be able to overcome these obstacles to be successful. The other components must still be able to carry out their intended tasks, notwithstanding the safety precautions that have been put in place. Because of this, measurements made by P.M.U.s, for example, rely on time. These measurements ought to arrive at the data-gathering facility within two seconds. No time must be wasted when a new security measure is implemented. The interconnection of the many cutting-edge and complex technologies that make up the smart grid is another reason for worry--the synchronization of measurements with P.M.U. Data is made possible by the use of G.P.S. The efficiency and dependability of the measures may be compromised if the G.P.S. signal is hacked or interfered with. The measurements collected from the P.M.U. will be worthless due to incorrect time stamping. Figure 7 shows the different types of attacks on the smart grid.