# Trusted Energy-Aware Hierarchical Routing (TEAHR) for Wireless Sensor Networks
## 1 Introduction
Trust in WSNs is as follows: The Trust that Node A has in Node B can be defined as the confidence, expectation, or assurance that Node B will be good in a manner that is sincere, competent, and honest in an upcoming activity or behavior. Trust value: A wide variety of forms and ranges are used, which can be in the range of 0 or 1, 0 to 100; the form can be discrete or continuous. Trust properties: Trust properties are yet another essential component of both trust estimation and establishment. We consider the following trust properties: the subjective attribute indicates that multiple trust values can be assigned to the same Node. The current degree of Trust may be influenced by past experiences. Continually changing leads to the possibility that trust values increase or decrease over time. The evaluation of Trust is influenced by the researcher's subjective viewpoint, and there is no consensus on the specific traits that should be included. In previous studies, the authors in [6] categorized trust as Trust relationships built on context attributes that encompass information about the relevant participant's situation. It is challenging to assess and monitor trust characteristics. These traits are related to cognitive and social Trust. Trust factors that may be assessed and tracked. These qualities focus on computing Trust. The authors [7] have defined trust qualities into numerous attributes, such as Trust is not 100%, i.e., one object cannot trust another object completely. The degree of Trust between nodes R and V and between nodes R and G is related to the transferability of Trust. This crucial quality can be used to reason through complex relationships. In the past, researchers have proposed various trust management approaches for WSNs, each with its strengths and limitations. WSNs are increasingly becoming a critical component of modern technology infrastructure. WSNs have evolved into a fundamental technology for collecting and transmitting data in a variety of settings. However, the decentralized and often unattended nature of these networks makes them particularly vulnerable to security threats. There are many challenges, and trust management is essential for ensuring the trustworthiness, security, and integrity of the data and the network itself. The deployment of WSNs in open, often hostile environments poses unique challenges that differ from traditional wired or centralized networks. The critical characteristics of WSNs include limited power resources, constrained computational capabilities, and the absence of a fixed infrastructure. These characteristics make WSNs highly susceptible to a range of attacks, such as data tampering, eavesdropping, and node capture. Furthermore, the ad hoc nature of these networks means that nodes must often rely on each other for routing data, making the network's overall security dependent on the trustworthiness of individual nodes. The motivation for selecting trust management in WSNs is also driven by the need to choose an approach that aligns with the specific requirements of the network and its applications. In trust-based routing protocols, the trustworthiness of nodes is considered when selecting routes for data transmission; considering this approach helps ensure that data are transmitted through reliable nodes, thus reducing the risk of data being intercepted or tampered with. Another approach is reputation systems, in which nodes monitor the behavior of their neighbors and assign reputation scores based on their observed behavior. Nodes with low reputation scores are considered untrustworthy and may be excluded from participating in the network. When you need to identify malicious behavior, you have to consider context-aware trust management systems, which are useful in dynamic environments where the behavior of nodes may vary depending on external factors such as environmental conditions or the presence of interference. By considering the context, these systems can make more accurate trust assessments.