## 2 Materials and Methods
### Physical Performance Tests
#### 2.5.2 Performance Tests  
Jumping (S), CMJ, ABK, DJ)  
The data for the fitness tests were collected using a Chronojump(r) Bosco System DIN-A1 (Chronojump Association for the Research and Dissemination of Technology Applied to Physical Activity and Sport, Barcelona, Spain) contact platform [72], which was controlled by a chronometric device responsible for timing the state changes of the detection device. The microcontroller error was 0.1%, resulting in a validity of 0.95 (CCI). The Chronopic 3 device was validated by the ACSM [73] for the entire spectrum studied, with an average error of 0.04 \(\pm\) 0.18% for low signals (corresponding to contact time in a jump), and 0.05 \(\pm\) 0.19% for high signals (time of flight) [74]. * Squat jump (SJ) [75]:  
This exercise evaluates the lower limbs' maximum concentric dynamic strength [76]. The SJ is a jump where the test participants rest on the jump platform with the feet slightly apart and with a 90\({}^{\circ}\) flexion. The arms are at the side of the body, to cancel the effects of the push-off. On command, the test person takes off as quickly as possible from the ground, looking for height. Remember that this jump cancels out the eccentric phase, which is always present in polymetric actions. This test has extremely high test-retest reliability (variation coefficients of 3.0%), with a high reliability (\(\alpha\) = 0.97 and 0.98). This test has a high mean inter-test correlation (0.91) and a high intra-class correlation coefficient (0.97). Intra-subject variation in this test ranges between 2.4 and 4.6% [75]. * Countermovement jumping (CMJ) [77]:  
For the vertical jump tests, the participants started in a standing position with their feet together and hands on their hips. They were instructed to jump as high as possible with a rapid countermovement. The flight time was used to calculate the change in the height of the body's centre of gravity [76]. The calculation of jump height assumed that the take-off and landing positions of the body's centre of gravity were the same [78]. Each participant was allowed two trials, with a 1 min recovery period between each trial, and the best score was recorded. The arms go to the side of the body during this jump. In this case, the athlete starts the movement from the upright position, then goes down and comes back up as fast as possible. In this case, the \"eccentric-isometric-concentric\" chain, present in polymetric actions, is respected. The CMJ is distinguished by having a relatively low coefficient of variation (3.0%) between tests [75]. The CMJ test had the highest factorial validity and the strongest correlation with the explosive power factor (r = 0.87). Based on these findings, it can be said that the CMJ is one of the most accurate and dependable field tests for determining the explosive power of the lower extremities [75]. * Abalakov [79]:  
The Abalakov jump test was utilized to evaluate the explosive strength and maximum power of the lower body, with the goal of estimating the \"reflex-elastic-explosive\" manifestation [80]. Given the execution time of the Abalakov jump test and considering that around 50% of this time is damping, mainly eccentric, it is observed that the stretch reflex is triggered during this phase and not during the acceleration phase [67]. The percentage difference between the heights reached in the Abalakov and the countermovementjump (CMJ)) was used to quantify the contribution of the arms to the jump height, which is referred to as the arm utilization index [79]. The Abalakov jump test was found to have a high correlation coefficient (0.969-0.995) and a low coefficient of variation (1.54-4.82%). A factor analysis revealed that the Abalakov jump test accounted for 82.90-95.79% of the variance of all jumping tests [81]. The Abalakov jump test exhibited a high correlation coefficient (0.969-0.995) and low coefficient of variation (1.54-4.82%). A factor analysis revealed that the Abalakov jump test accounted for 82.90-95.79% of the variance of all jumping tests [77].