## 2 Materials and Methods
### Determination of the Probability of Landslide Occurrence in Cluj County
Therefore, using the methodology regulated by Government Decision 447/2003 [33], factors for determining the probability of landslide occurrence were provided on a scale from 0-0.1, for a very low landslide probability, characteristic of geomorphologically stable sectors, to 1, which indicates a very high probability of the occurrence of landslide processes. The entire analysis was performed in an ArcGIS project in which specific layers for each coefficient were manipulated, resulting in the associated rasters, as well as a spatial database concerning the probability of landslide occurrence in Cluj County. Figure 7: Landslide probability based on the forest cover coefficient (\(K_{g}\)). In order to obtain the average hazard coefficient (Km), the following formula was used, using the raster calculator mode in ArcMap 10.7.1 software:  
\[\text{Km}=\text{square root}\left(\frac{K_{a}*K_{b}}{6}K_{c}+K_{d}+K_{e}+K_{f}+K_{ g}+K_{h}\right),\]  
where Km--average hazard coefficient, \(K_{a}\)--lithological coefficient, \(K_{b}\)--geomorphological coefficient, \(K_{c}\)--structural coefficient, \(K_{d}\)--hydroological and climatic coefficient, \(K_{e}\)--hydrogeological coefficient, \(K_{f}\)--seismic coefficient, \(K_{g}\)--forest cover coefficient, and \(K_{h}\)--anthropogenic coefficient. Choosing the Best Development Strategies for Cluj County Taking into Consideration the Natural Risks  
Once there is an exact image of the natural risks generated by geomorphic processes (mainly soil erosion and landslides), the best decisions can be made in terms of spatial planning, in order to enhance protections and mitigate risks. This database of geomorphic processes generating negative effects should be used in the planning of built-up areas and to ensure the proper management of agricultural lands. Decisions made in this respect should be included in general urban masterplans at the level of administrative units, as well as in the county general masterplan, taking into account the vulnerability of populations and infrastructure, the present trends in the evolution, and the size and frequency of events. At county level, when updating spatial planning documentation, a series of studies are carried out to analyze the existing situation, identify problems in the territory, and  
Figure 8: Soil erosion in Cluj County. propose solutions to remedy them. One such study is dedicated to the natural environment and risks in the territory. The proposals are then included in the development strategy and project portfolio. According to Law 575 of 2001, County Councils can apply for funds from the national budget to carry out landslide mitigation works. Furthermore, each administrative-territorial unit must take into account the provisions of the county-level documentation and include studies on natural hazards as well as mitigation measures in their urban planning documentation (general urban plans, detailed urban plans) [26]. Local planning regulations can also establish building bans in affected areas, protection zones, and other rules. [PERSON], [PERSON], and [PERSON] (2014) [55] stated that the assessment of the probability of natural hazards is one of the general objectives of sustainable development plans and can be achieved through several steps: identification of areas with potential for natural hazards and the creation of maps; determination of the vulnerability of the territory to natural phenomena and processes; short and long-term planning of measures to prevent the effects of hazards; and the establishment of monitoring, prediction, and forecasting systems. [PERSON] et al.