# Exploring the Relationship Between Mixed Non-Motorized Traffic Flow Width and Other Parameters
## 4 Data Analysis  
This survey did not exclude the impact of retrograded vehicles, and endeavored to capture real alterations in the width of bicycle traffic flow. A total of 2948 non-motorized vehicles were observed, comprising 1078 mechanical bicycles and 1870 electric bicycles. The average proportion of electric bicycles across various road sections stood at 63.43%, with over 70% in two distinct sections, as detailed in Table 2.  
Figure 3: Four states of mixed traffic flow. The riding speeds of the bicycles observed on diverse road sections are summarized in Table 3, where it can be seen that the average riding speed of the mechanical bicycles was 12.35 km/h, with a standard deviation of 2.80 km/h. In contrast, the average riding speed of electric bicycles was 18.79 km/h, with a standard deviation of 5.078 km/h. Given the influence of objective factors, slight variations in the speed of mechanical bicycles on certain roads are inevitable. Nevertheless, the speeds of electric bicycles prevailed over those of mechanical bicycles. The greater standard deviation in the speed of electric bicycles suggests a more flexible speed adjustment, thereby leading to more significant speed dispersion. This finding aligns with the existing research findings [20; 21]. In China, definitive regulations exist pertaining to the maximum speed limit for electric bicycles. According to the mandatory national standard, the maximum designated speed for electric bicycles should not exceed 25 km/h [22]. Table 4 presents the comprehensive data for each road section, encompassing the number of bicycles exceeding the speed limit, bicycles crossing lanes, and the status of traffic flow. The over-speed rate is defined as the proportion of over-speeding bicycles to the total bicycle traffic flow on a specific road section. The rate of bicycles entering motor vehicle lanes, which includes instances of overtaking and other lane-crossing behaviors, is calculated as the ratio of such occurrences to the total bicycle traffic flow on the respective road section. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c} \hline \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**Road Section**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Number of**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Number of**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**Percentage**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**Percentage**} & **Traffic Flow** \\  & **Over-Speeding** & & & **Lane-Crossing** & & **Status** \\  & **Bicycles** & & & **Bicycles** & \\ \hline YQ2 & 130 & 22.77\% & 4 & 0.70\% & Unsaturated \\ YQ1 & 54 & 10.04\% & 89 & 16.54\% & Supersaturated \\ YZ & 35 & 4.52\% & 68 & 8.77\% & Saturated \\ YH & 10 & 2.75\% & 32 & 8.82\% & Saturated \\ PG & 13 & 2.78\% & 62 & 13.25\% & Saturated \\ LS & 7 & 3.00\% & 66 & 28.33\% & Supersaturated \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 4: Traffic flow characteristics on each road section. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c} \hline \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**Road Section**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Number of**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**Number of**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**Total**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**Electric Bicycle**} \\  & **Mechanical** & & & **Electric Bicycles** \\  & **Bicycles** & & & **Proportion** \\ \hline YQ2 & 156 & 415 & 571 & 72.68\% \\ YQ1 & 265 & 273 & 538 & 50.74\% \\ YZ & 292 & 483 & 775 & 62.32\% \\ YH & 102 & 261 & 363 & 71.90\% \\ PG & 187 & 281 & 468 & 60.04\% \\ LS & 76 & 157 & 233 & 67.38\% \\ Total & 1078 & 1870 & 2948 & 63.43\% \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 2: Statistics of road traffic volume. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c} \hline \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**Type of**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**Maximum**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**Minimum**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**Mean**} & **Standard** \\
**Bicycle** & **Speed (km/h)** & **Speed (km/h)** & **Speed (km/h)** & **Deviation (km/h)** \\ \hline Mechanical & 21.48 & 5.53 & 12.35 & 2.80 \\ Electric & 36.62 & 10.23 & 18.79 & 5.08 \\ Mixed flow & 36.62 & 5.53 & 16.39 & 5.69 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 3: Summary of speed statistics for different types of bicycles.