## 2 System Model
It is not limiting the research problem in the sense that the size of the radius of the cluster can be increased or decreased to account for the realistic nature of jammers, which are typically present in clusters in the real-world scenario. Moreover, the uniform distribution of jammers facilitates the fact that a typical jammer can be present anywhere in a cluster with a uniform probability. The jamming clusters, \(\lambda_{J}\), and jamming devices, \(J\) are both Poisson random variables. The jamming devices transmit the jamming signal with power, \(P_{J}\). The path loss associated with the jammers is expressed as \(\alpha_{J}\). In this work, we assumed that a typical transmitting V-N is allowed to associate and communicate with the recipient V-N either by utilizing infrastructure such as multiple UAVs (e.g., LOS-LAPs or NLOS-LAPs) and MBSs or without utilizing the infrastructure. LOS UAVs as well as NLOS UAVs both exploit 3D beam-width radiations. The work analyzes an interference-limited setting in which interference signals from the user's devices (M, L, N, and V) have dominated the noise. The typical road with a receiving V-N is placed at the origin without affecting the point process distribution. Slivnyak's Theorem [33] states that the process distribution is unchanged by placing a V-N on a road that traverses the origin. Figure 2 indicates the interfering signals from the equipment at the point of receiving V-N. The signal-to-interference ratio (SIR) is given as \(\text{SIR}_{t2r}=\frac{P_{t}g_{t}\mathcal{G}_{t}\mathcal{G}_{r}\|z_{r}-z_{t} \|^{-\alpha_{r}}}{I_{X}}\), wherein \(I_{X}\) represents the cumulative interference of devices deployed at the site, \(X\). Pre-establishedcoverage threshold is given as \(\tau\). In \(V2\mathbf{d}\) connection, the SIR incorporating jamming may be stated as  
\[\mathrm{SIR}_{V2\mathbf{d}}=\frac{P_{V}\eta g_{V}\mathcal{G}_{V,t} \mathcal{G}_{\mathbf{d},t}\|z_{\mathbf{d}}-z_{V}\|^{-\alpha_{\mathbf{d}}}}{I_{V _{o}}+I_{V}+I_{I}}, \tag{6}\]  
wherein \(\mathbf{d}=\{L,N,M\}\), \(\|z_{V}\|\) is the Euclidean distance from transmitting V-N to the node at origin, \(o\), and \(\|z_{\mathbf{d}}\|\) is the Euclidean distance from \(\mathbf{d}\) to the node at \(o\), \(\mathcal{G}_{V,t}\) indicates transmitting V-N gain, \(\mathcal{G}_{\mathbf{d},t}\) indicates recipient device gain, \(I_{V_{o}}\) represents the V-Ns' interfering signals from nodes on roads that pass the \(o\), \(I_{V}\) represents the interference of all V-Ns on roads other than those that pass \(o\), and \(I_{I}\) represents the interference of jammers placed in clusters. The SIR of \(\mathbf{d}2V\) connection incorporating jamming may be stated as  
\[\mathbf{p}_{L}(z_{L})=\left(1+\mathcal{A}.e^{-\dfrac{180}{\pi}B\phi+\mathcal{ A}.\mathcal{B}}\right)^{-1}, \tag{1}\]0  
where \(\mathcal{G}_{\mathbf{d},t}\) indicates transmitter device gain, \(\mathcal{G}_{V,t}\) indicates recipient V-N gain, and \(I_{L}\), \(I_{N}\), and \(I_{M}\) are the interference of the \(L\), \(N\), and \(M\), respectively, at the origin. Similarly, the SIR of the V2V connection incorporating jamming can be expressed as  
\[\mathbf{p}_{L}(z_{L})=\left(1+\mathcal{A}.e^{-\dfrac{180}{\pi}B\phi+\mathcal{ A}.\mathcal{B}}\right)^{-1}, \tag{1}\]1