# An ECCD--Electronic Charge Compensation Device--As a Quantum Dissipative System
## 1 Introduction
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Lightning Impacts** & **LA** & **LES** & **AEMET** & **PIC DE** & **ROC DE** & **JAIZKI-BEL** & **ORDUNA** \\  & **MASELLA** & **PARDINES** & **JATA** & **GOMA** & **QUER** & & \\ \hline Time period & 2014–2018 & 2003–2018 & 2010–2018 & 2015-2018 & 2016–2018 & 2015–2018 & 2015–2018 \\ On a 2 km around & 1.938 & 1.609 & 430 & 1.546 & 482 & 591 & 316 \\ On the tower (0 m) & 0\% & 0\% & 0\% & 0\% & 0\% & 0\% & 0\% \\ Closer than 100 m & 0.2\% & 0.12\% & 0.7\% & 0\% & 0\% & 0\% & 0\% \\ At a distance between & & & & & & & \\
100 m and 300 m & 5.37\% & 1.74\% & 4.65\% & 0.39\% & 1.87\% & 0.85\% & 0.95\% \\ At a distance between & & & & & & & \\
300 m and 500 m & 3.46\% & 2.36\% & 3.49\% & 1.55\% & 3.73\% & 3.04\% & 3.80\% \\ At a distance between & & & & & & & \\
500 m and 900 m & 16.56\% & 9.82\% & 22.56\% & 6,47\% & 14.11\% & 17.09\% & 16.14\% \\ At a distance bigger & & & & & & & \\ than 900 m & 74.40\% & 85.95\% & 68.60\% & 91.59\% & 80.29\% & 79.02\% & 79.11\% \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}  
* This date has correspondence with two events: one in air cloud-cloud; the other an impact to 43.73 m from the tower on an electric media tension line (data: 14 June 2010 at time: 14:17:36, estimated electric current: 22 kA). The tower has not perturbed.  
\end{table} 
Table 1: Probability of lightning impacts in the area and incidence on infrastructure protected with ECCDs in seven geography points during large observation time. Figure 1: Photography of an electronic charge compensation device (ECCD)—DINNTECO 100 model. Figure 2 presents Les Pardines Tower in Eats Pyrereenes (Andorra), as an example of a place protected with ECCD. It is one of those of included in the METEORAGE statistical study. In this case, Les Pardines point has the longest tracking period of analysis: 16 years (2003-2018). The values in Table 1 allow us to conclude that the percentage of direct lightning impacts on the ECCD or the structure they protect is 0%, and within the maximum coverage radius of 100 m defined for the DDCE, the figure is 0.1%, increasing the probability of lightning impact as we move away from the influence of the ECCD. These data are especially relevant, since they are studies carried out over long periods of monitoring--16 years in the case of the Les Pardines Tower and 9 years in the case of the Jata AEMET Tower--and which, moreover, have always been carried out in areas with very high lightning density. When installing an ECCD, it is mandatory to ensure that all metal parts of the structure are protected, and at the same electrical potential as the lower hemisphere of the ECCD. This means that the influence of the ECCD will encompass the entire structure protected. Any metal structure or part that does not meet this condition will be out of its scope or protected volume. Figure 3 shows a concentric diagram of protection efficiency, where the efficiency is considered as: 100 minus the probability in percent to receive a lightning discharge in each zone, relative to the distance where the ECCD is installed. The values are an average of the values obtained in seven tower stations. With an error \(<\)8/10.000 the protection area of an ECCD can be considered a semi-sphere of 100 m for the radius, but the coverage protection could be extended to a radius of 200 m without risk in recent installations (\(<\)4 years old), where the ECCD are more technologically advanced. The scope of protection of an ECCD is basic depending on how far it can cause electrical discharges to be achieved by its influence. However, it is clear that an ECCD causes discharges in a quasi-continuous way. When a discharge take place, it is done consecutively through a new charge capturing new charges, their recombination, the compensation of electromagnetic fields, and the repeated cycles of those processes.