# Assessment and Categorization of Biological Effects and
## 6 Discussion  
In this contribution, the pursued analysis and evaluation of the influence of non-ionizing RF-EMF emitted by energy devices have displayed that such an impact cannot be ignored and must be forecasted and monitored to reduce its effects. At this point, various points are worth remarking on:  
* As conferred in the article, various biological effects due to RF-EMF exposure are related to the interactions of these fields and the exposed body, which are associated with the features of the exposure and the behavior of the tissues. The most common category of such interactions is that producing a thermal effect where tissues are physically heated by absorbed electromagnetic energy produced by a single source of emitted EMF. This corresponds to daily use of a device with stray fields that normally restricted by fabricators. Health and safety authorities specify the regular use of such a device through SAR thresholds. This is performed for different personal situations: manufacturers, users, and people nearby, as well as for different parts of a given living being. By respecting these thresholds recommendations for normal and not excessive use, the subjects concerned do not risk any danger. The control of these thresholds can be conducted through the evaluation, mainly by modeling, of these thermal effects, considering the nature of the exposed subject and the exposure conditions. * The extensive use of wireless communication devices in the same consequence, as, e.g., in healthcare assistances, obliges evaluation of interactions reflecting all these devices accounting for possible exposure effects on each. Thus, we need to consider, on the one hand, the potential malfunctions of nearby electronic devices triggered by RF-EMF exposures, and on the other hand the combination of all nearby wireless communication devices. The case of combined devices requires a global SAR estimation in the different tissues for the corresponding implicated scenario involving the behaviors of the tissue characteristics and properties of the different sources. This problematic seems not trivial especially if the frequencies of these sources are distinct. Thus, the evaluation by mathematical modeling of this type of problem poses multifaceted hitches; see, e.g., [124, 125, 126, 127, 128]. Additionally, various approaches can be used to assess the effects of exposure to complex RF-EMF sources in indoor atmospheres. This can be based on measurement means and simulations. Punctual and long-term measurements by exposimeters located at fixed positions for a certain exposure time permit measuring in the frequency selective mode. This allows more detailed investigations of RF-EMF effects in selected positions, which covers both far-field, and near-fieldexposures [61; 64]. Thus, the exposure of tissues obtained by portable exposimeters makes it possible to obtain information at different places and at different times and hence to estimate SAR related to the whole body and organs. * The review of indirect types of interactions, relative to EMF exposure of healthcare instruments and devices, illustrated the importance of the risk for the operational functioning and for the devices associated with the patient's body. These mainly involve imagers and interventional tools in the one hand and patients embedded apparatuses and wearable devices in the other. The effects of such interactions that can lead to serious health safety consequences can be assessed using EMC. Thus, the reduction of these effects can be achieved by using adequate shielding technologies. * Considering the case of atypical symptoms involving the two different categories of people: those with various non-specific symptoms due to insignificant exposures, even of negligible duration, and those with cognitive troubles for long-term exposure to RF-EMF. The literature in this field is relatively rich and characterized by sporadic and conditional results.