## 4 Result
### Concentration and Colocation Patterns of the 35 Fields
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{r c c} \hline \hline
**No.** & **Technological Field Name** & **Gini Coeff.** & **Top Three Cities in Terms of Valid Invention IPC Numbers** \\ \hline
1 & Electrical machinery, apparatus, energy & 0.64 & Shanghai, Suzhou/Jiangsu, Nanjing/Jiangsu \\
2 & Audio-visual technology & 0.74 & Shanghai, Suzhou/Jiangsu, Hangzhou/Zhejiang \\
3 & Telecommunications & 0.80 & Shanghai, Nanjing/Jiangsu, Hangzhou/Zhejiang \\
4 & Digital communication & 0.86 & Shanghai, Nanjing/Jiangsu \\
5 & Basic communication processes & 0.82 & Shanghai, Nanjing/Jiangsu, Wangzhou/Zhejiang \\
6 & Computer technology & 0.83 & Shanghai, Nanjing/Jiangsu, Wuhu/Anhui \\
7 & IT methods for management & 0.80 & Shanghai, Suzhou/Jiangsu, Wuhu/Anhui \\
8 & Semiconductors & 0.83 & Shanghai, Suzhou/Jiangsu, Nanjing/Jiangsu \\
9 & Optics & 0.79 & Shanghai, Nanjing/Jiangsu, Hangzhou/Zhejiang \\
10 & Measurement & 0.72 & Shanghai, Nanjing/Jiangsu, Hangzhou/Zhejiang \\
11 & Analysis of biological materials & 0.73 & Shanghai, Nanjing/Jiangsu, Hangzhou/Zhejiang \\
12 & Control & 0.72 & Shanghai, Suzhou/Jiangsu, Hangzhou/Zhejiang \\
13 & Medical technology & 0.67 & Shanghai, Nanjing/Jiangsu, Hangzhou/Zhejiang \\
14 & Organic fine chemistry & 0.65 & Shanghai, Nanjing/Jiangsu, Hangzhou/Zhejiang \\
15 & Biotechnology & 0.75 & Nanjing/Jiangsu, Shanghai, Hangzhou/Zhejiang \\
16 & Pharmaceuticals & 0.58 & Shanghai, Suzhou/Jiangsu, Hefei/Anhui \\
17 & Macromolecular chemistry, polymers & 0.59 & Hefei/Anhui \\
18 & Food chemistry & 0.45 & Shanghai, Suzhou/Jiangsu, Nanjing/Jiangsu \\
19 & Basic materials chemistry & 0.52 & Shanghai, Suzhou/Jiangsu, Nanjing/Jiangsu \\
20 & Materials, metallurgy & 0.57 & Wuxi/Jiangsu, Suzhou/Jiangsu, Shanghai \\
21 & Surface technology, coating & 0.63 & Shanghai, Suzhou/Jiangsu, Wuxi/Jiangsu \\
22 & Micro-structure and nano-technology & 0.87 & Suzhou/Jiangsu, Shanghai, Nanjing/Jiangsu \\
23 & Chemical engineering & 0.51 & Shanghai, Nanjing/Jiangsu \\
24 & Environmental technology & 0.59 & Suzhou/Jiangsu, Shanghai, Wuxi/Jiangsu \\
25 & Handling & 0.57 & Suzhou/Jiangsu, Shanghai, Wuxi/Jiangsu \\
26 & Machine tools & 0.55 & Shanghai, Hangzhou/Zhejiang, Suzhou/Jiangsu \\
27 & Engines, pumps, turbines & 0.61 & Suzhou/Jiangsu, Shanghai, Wuxi/Jiangsu \\
28 & Textile and paper machines & 0.60 & Suzhou/Jiangsu, Shanghai, Nanjing/Jiangsu \\
29 & Other special machines & 0.44 & Shanghai, Suzhou/Jiangsu, Ningbo/Zhejiang \\
30 & Thermal processes and apparatus & 0.62 & Suzhou/Jiangsu, Shanghai, Wuxi/Jiangsu \\
31 & Mechanical elements & 0.57 & Shanghai, Suzhou/Jiangsu, Wuhu/Anhui \\
32 & Transport & 0.62 & Suzhou/Jiangsu, Ningbo/Zhejiang, Shanghai \\
33 & Furniture, games & 0.56 & Wuxi/Jiangsu, Hefei/Anhui Suzhou/Jiangsu \\
34 & Other consumer goods & 0.63 & Shanghai, Suzhou/Jiangsu \\
35 & Civil engineering & 0.57 & Shanghai, Suzhou/Jiangsu, Nanjing/Jiangsu \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 2: Degree of concentration with valid invention patents; Source: authors. Figure 5: Scatter of Gini coefficients and number of valid invention IPC of 35 technologies in Yangtze River Delta (2010–2018); Source: authors.