# Farmed Insect Frass as a Future Organic Fertilizer
## 3 Results and Discussion
### Changes in the Bacteriobime Community and Relationships with the Analyzed Parameters
Solibacter, _Acidobacterium_, _Etavisolibacter_, and _Rhodoplanes_ was characteristic of the remain  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c|c c c c c c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Bacterial Genus** & **Baseline** & **0** & **F50** & **F100** & **F200** & **F400** & **U50** & **U100** & **U200** & **U400** \\ \hline _Candidatus_ Koribacter & 2.8 & 4.4 & 3.2 & 3.0 & 2.9 & 2.4 & 4.9 & 4.1 & 4.4 & 4.6 \\ _Bradyrhizobium_ & 3.0 & **2.4** & 2.3 & 3.1 & 4.0 & 3.1 & 2.1 & 2.9 & 2.4 & 3.1 \\ _Dokdonella_ & 1.7 & 2.0 & 3.0 & 2.8 & 1.8 & 3.8 & 1.6 & 2.5 & 2.9 & 3.8 \\ _Acidobacterium_ & 3.3 & 2.5 & 2.1 & 2.3 & 2.3 & 2.2 & 3.1 & 4.1 & 3.5 & 2.3 \\ _Rhodanobacter_ & **6.5** & 1.4 & 1.8 & 1.3 & 1.5 & **5.2** & 2.0 & 1.7 & 1.8 & 3.9 \\ _Candidatus_ Solibacter & 2.0 & **2.7** & 2.4 & 3.0 & 2.6 & 2.1 & 4.3 & 3.0 & 2.3 & 2.2 \\ _Flausolibacter_ & 2.6 & 2.3 & 2.4 & 2.1 & 1.6 & 1.5 & 3.1 & 2.3 & 2.8 & 2.9 \\ _Pseudolabytes_ & 1.5 & 1.8 & 1.3 & 2.1 & 2.5 & 1.4 & 2.1 & 3.2 & 2.5 & 3.5 \\ _Lysobacter_ & 2.7 & 1.6 & 2.2 & 2.1 & 1.7 & 2.7 & 1.8 & 1.8 & 2.0 & 2.9 \\ _Granulicella_ & 2.9 & 2.1 & 1.3 & 1.8 & 2.0 & **2.4** & 1.8 & 2.4 & 2.3 & 1.8 \\ _Rhodoplanes_ & 1.3 & 2.3 & 1.8 & 2.1 & 1.9 & 1.2 & **2.4** & 2.6 & 2.2 & 2.6 \\ _Chitinophaga_ & 1.5 & 1.2 & 1.7 & 1.1 & 1.3 & 1.6 & 1.3 & 2.2 & 2.5 & 2.7 \\ _Methylocystis_ & 2.2 & 1.9 & 1.3 & 1.0 & **2.1** & 0.8 & 1.6 & 1.6 & 1.5 & 1.8 \\ _Acidisarcina_ & 1.6 & 1.5 & 1.3 & 1.5 & 1.4 & 1.5 & 1.5 & 2.0 & 2.0 & 0.9 \\ _Pseudobacter_ & 1.8 & 1.4 & 1.5 & 1.1 & 0.6 & 1.4 & 1.9 & 1.8 & 1.7 & 1.5 \\ _Devosin_ & 0.9 & 1.0 & 1.1 & 1.8 & **3.2** & 1.8 & 0.6 & 1.4 & 0.9 & 1.7 \\ _Haliangium_ & 0.6 & 1.4 & 1.5 & 1.6 & 1.1 & 0.9 & 1.8 & 1.8 & 1.1 & 0.3 \\ _Terriglobus_ & 1.3 & 1.0 & 1.1 & 1.0 & 1.0 & 1.3 & 1.2 & 1.7 & 1.5 & 0.7 \\ _Thermononas_ & 1.2 & 1.0 & 1.1 & 1.3 & 0.5 & 1.2 & 1.2 & 0.9 & 0.9 & 2.0 \\ _Mulclaginiheter_ & 3.9 & 1.7 & 0.8 & 0.8 & 0.5 & 0.4 & 0.6 & 1.1 & 0.6 & 0.3 \\ _Paludiuculum_ & 0.9 & 1.2 & 1.1 & 1.2 & 1.1 & 0.8 & 0.9 & 1.3 & 1.3 & 0.7 \\ _Edzphobacter_ & 1.4 & 1.1 & 0.8 & 0.6 & 1.2 & 0.7 & 1.0 & 1.4 & 1.2 & 0.7 \\ _Pseudolysbacter_ & 0.7 & 0.8 & 1.0 & 0.9 & 0.5 & 1.0 & 0.6 & 1.1 & 1.1 & 1.8 \\ _Lacurisphaera_ & 0.5 & 1.1 & 2.0 & **2.7** & 0.9 & 0.0 & 0.8 & 0.7 & 0.5 & 0.1 \\ _Pseudomonas_ & 0.6 & 0.5 & 1.4 & 1.3 & 1.3 & 1.2 & 0.5 & 0.5 & 0.7 & 0.6 \\ _Panacobacter_ & 1.1 & 1.0 & 0.9 & 0.9 & 0.6 & 0.3 & 1.2 & 1.0 & 0.9 & 0.7 \\ _Nisatellite_ & 1.0 & 1.0 & 1.3 & 0.6 & 0.4 & 0.6 & 1.2 & 0.9 & 0.8 & 0.5 \\ _Optitus_ & 0.3 & 0.9 & 1.3 & 2.0 & 0.8 & 0.2 & 0.9 & 0.8 & 0.6 & 0.2 \\ _Penaplic  
ing fertilization treatments. The generalized EM cluster analysis classified 629 microbial taxa into four groups (Table 7). The first cluster included 42 taxa with the highest overall proportion (50.9-62.7%), averaging 1.21-1.49%. The remaining clusters had decreasing overall proportions and average percentages. The microbial structure analysis at the genus level revealed low diversity, the absence of a dominant genera, and the dominance of three genera: Ca. Koribacter, _Bradyrhizobium_, and _Acidobacterium_. The abundance of Ca. Solibacter, a subdominant genus, remained stable. Ca. Koribacter decreased with frass N rates, especially in F400. _Bradyrhizobium_ was 1.7-fold higher in F200. _Acidobacterium_ doubled in U100, and Ca. Solibacter doubled in U50, compared with the control treatment. In the metagenomic analysis, the phylum Acidobacteria, including Ca. Koribacter, _Acidobacterium_, and Ca. Solibacter, emerged as the dominant taxonomic group in all treatments after 60 days of peat incubation. These bacteria degrade simple and complex sugars from organic soils and dead organic matter as carbon sources. Some Acidobacteria produce antimicrobial peptides and siderophores that chelate iron and are drought-resistant. Acidobacteria easily metabolize carbon compounds in nutrient-deficient environments and effectively compete with other bacteria under exposure to environmental pressure [55; 56]. In the work of [PERSON] et al.