# Comprehensive Analysis of Maritime Cybersecurity Landscape Based on the NIST CSF v2.0
## 5 NIST CSF-Based Analysis of Maritime Cybersecurity
### Protect
#### 5.3.2 Identity Management  
The category of identity management, authentication, and access control within the NIST CSF v2.0 specifically addresses the idea that access to physical and logical assets, along with any associated facilities, should be limited to authorized users, processes, and devices. This limitation is meticulously managed in accordance with the assessed risk of unauthorized access to authorized activities and transactions.  
[PERSON] et al. [74] developed ARIS Express 2.4 software, a modelling tool designed to establish an economically viable seaport security management system. This system is based on two pillars, namely, the Main Process and Supporting Process. The Main  
\begin{table}
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**Category** & **References** & **Conclusions** \\ \hline Identity Management, Authentication and Access Control & The NIST CSF emphasizes the need for Identity Management, Authentication, and Access Control in maritime cybersecurity. Research shows that secure management systems and multi-factor authentication improve security without sacrificing usability. It’s crucial to balance these aspects in the digital maritime industry, with ongoing advancements needed to keep systems resilient in a interconnected world. & The NIST CSF emphasizes the need for Identity Management, Authentication, and Access Control within the management systems and multi-factor authentication improve security without sacrificing usability. It’s crucial to balance these aspects in the digital maritime industry, with ongoing advancements needed to keep systems resilient in a interconnected world. & Our research underscores the critical role of Technology Infrastructure Resilience in safeguarding an organization’s steel assets. This includes cybersecurity for and autonomous maritime vehicles, utilizing tools like blockchain, cyber-attack simulations, and image encryption for protection. Advancements in cloud computing, 5G, and open-source contribute to data security and service excellence. & Our research underscores the critical role of Technology Infrastructure Resilience in safeguarding an organization’s steel assets. This includes cybersecurity for and autonomous maritime vehicles, utilizing tools like blockchain, cyber-attack simulations, and image encryption for protection. Advancements in cloud computing, 5G, and open-source contribute to data security and service excellence. & Our research underscores the critical role of Technology Infrastructure Resilience in safeguarding an organization’s steel assets. This includes cybersecurity for and autonomous maritime vehicles, utilizing tools like blockchain, cyber-attack simulations, and image encryption for protection. Advancements in cloud computing, 5G, and open-source contribute to data security and service excellence. & To counter cyber threats, risk management, updating legacy systems, and reliable communication are essential for continuous operations. Effective technology infrastructure management is key to bolstering maritime defenses and resilience in a dynamic digital landscape. \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
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Table 3: Protect.  
Process is informed by the previous experiences of the management, legal compliance requirements, minimum certification system requirements, and potential losses (including informational and financial aspects), as well as subjective factors. The Supporting Process is centered around risk assessment, quantification of the financial ramifications of risk mitigation, and risk treatment via selected mitigation measures. In a separate study, [PERSON] et al. [75] introduced a unique multi-factor authentication mechanism designed for maritime systems. Their system uses multiple databases and an external USB device to improve security. It houses fragmented user keys in separate groups, delivering robust four-factor authentication while maintaining user accessibility. This approach aligns well with the strategies proposed for access control measures under the NIST CSF.