###### Abstract
Therefore, the design and operational methods of the open geothermal heat pump system are being actively developed based on the ground repair geometrical conditions. In particular, [PERSON] et al. [20] and [PERSON] et al. [21] conducted studies on open geothermal heat pump systems to review the conditions of water quality in soil according to the design factors. [PERSON] and [PERSON] [22] studied the optimal geothermal deployment plan for improving the performance of open geothermal systems. [PERSON] et al. [23] conducted a study that improved the design method of open geothermal systems. Meanwhile, [PERSON] et al. [24] conducted a study on the underground heat and groundwater movement in soil following the introduction of the system using simulation. Consequently, the underground water level rise of the infusion wells was confirmed if the ground pitching coefficient is unfavorable or if the water table is high. Another study [25] analyzed the effects of the groundwater level adjustment by simulating a multiple-static geothermal system connecting the inter-tube channels to prevent the occurrence of operation restriction due to the overflow of underground water in infusion wells due to the long-term operation of an open geothermal heat pump system. However, most of the studies performed thus far are based on numerical simulation and are still to be tested at the experimental stage. Geothermal heat pump systems have been introduced and used in Korea since the early 2000s, and the supply and installation capacity has also increased every year. The geothermal heat pump system consists of a heat pump, which is responsible for the heating and cooling of buildings, and an underground heat exchanger, which absorbs heat from the ground and then releases it to the ground. Ground heat exchangers are used to maintain a constant ground temperature throughout the year, ensuring higher heat exchange efficiencies than those of air heat source heat exchangers. The table of compliance has not been established for standing column well (SCW)-type underground heat exchangers introduced in Korea; thus, there is an ambiguity in applying SCW-type underground heat exchangers to geothermal heat pump systems depending on regional characteristics (e.g., geology, groundwater volume, number of aquifer layers, and level of development), installation methods, and shape of heat exchangers. [PERSON] et. al. [26] established the shape of the heat exchanger through the standardization of products, including the shape and construction of an SCW underground heat exchanger, while establishing a measurement method for the underground thermal conductivity of SCW underground heat exchangers to develop a standard for the design of the heat exchanger. The effects of circulation water temperature, borehole heat resistance, and underground heat conductivity on various design and operational variables of SCW underground heat exchangers were studied. Among them, the bleed is reported to have the largest effect on the heat transfer enhancement of SCW underground heat exchangers [27]. Bleeding is a method of operation in which underground water extracted from a geothermal well enters the heat pump, exchanges heat, and then releases some underground water to the surface during the process of injecting it back into the same well. Bleed rate is the ratio of the amount of groundwater extracted from the geothermal well and the amount of groundwater released to the surface. Bleeding can also induce underground water that exists near the geothermal well from the underground into the well. The heat exchange capacity of SCW underground heat exchangers can be increased through bleeding in areas where underground water is abundant, and guidelines on support for renewable energy facilities of the Korea Energy Corporation allow bleeding rates of up to 20% for SCW underground heat-burning machines [28].