## 2 Materials and Methods
### Morphometric Parameters Analysis  
Morphometric analysis is an efficient methodology for assessing the drainage network, stream gradient, and shape of basin. Morphometric parameters are categorized as basic, linear, relief, and shape parameters. The basic parameters mainly include the basin area, basin length, numbers and lengths of streams of each order, basin perimeter, and the bifurcation ratio derived from drainage networks and sub-basin polygons. All of these morphometric parameters were extracted from ALOS PALSAR DEM (12.5 m spatial resolution) for the study area. The other parameters (linear, shape, and relief) were extracted from the basic parameters. The equations used for the analysis of various morphometric parameters are shown in Table 7.  
The following flowchart (Figure 2) summarizes the framework of the paper.  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c} \hline \hline  & **Parameters** & **Description/Equation** & **Unit** \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{Basic parameters} & Area & (A) & Area of the watershed & km\({}^{2}\) \\ \cline{2-4}  & Basin perimeter & (P) & The length of the watershed boundary & Km \\ \cline{2-4}  & Basin length & (Lb) & Distance between the watershed outlet and the farthest point on the watershed & Km \\ \cline{2-4}  & Stream order & (u) & Hierarchical ranking & Dimensionless \\ \cline{2-4}  & Number of stream & (Nu) & Number of the stream segments of particular order & \\ \cline{2-4}  & Stream length & (Lu) & Total length of the stream segments of a particular order & Km \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{Linear parameters} & Bifurcation ratio & (Rb) & Ratio of the number of streams of a given order u to the number of streams of higher order u + 1 & \(Rb=N_{u}/N_{u+1}\) & Dimensionless \\ \cline{2-4}  & Drainage density & (Dd) & Ratio of the total length of the streams of all orders in the basin to the area of the basin & \(Dd=L/A\) & km\({}^{-1}\) \\ \cline{2-4}  & Stream frequency & (Fu) & Total number of streams of all orders per unit area of the basin & \(F_{k}=\frac{\Gamma N_{u}}{2A}\) & Streams.km\({}^{-2}\) \\ \cline{2-4}  & Texture ratio & (T) & Ratio of the total number of streams of all orders to the perimeter & \(T=\frac{\Gamma N_{u}}{2B}\) & km\({}^{-1}\) \\ \cline{2-4}  & Length of overland flow & (Lo) & Length of the water flow over the ground before it combines with the main stream & \(Lo=1/2 Dd\) & Km \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{Shape parameters} & Form factor & (Rf) & Ratio of basin area A to the square of length of the basin Lb & \(Rf=A/LB^{2}\) & M \\ \cline{2-4}  & Shape factor & (Bs) & Ratio of the square of the length of the basin Lb to the basin area A & \(Bs=Lb^{2}/A\) & Dimensionless \\ \cline{2-4}  & Elongation ratio & (Re) & Ratio between the diameter of a circle with the same area as that of the basin to the length of the basin & \(Re=1.128\sqrt{A}/LB\) & Dimensionless \\ \cline{2-4}  & Compactness coefficient & (Cc) & Ratio between the basin perimeter and the area of a circle to the same area of that basin & \(Cc=\frac{p}{2\sqrt{A}}\) & Dimensionless \\ \cline{2-4}  & Circularity ratio & (Re) & Ratio of the basin area to the area of circle having an equal perimeter as the perimeter of the basin & \(Rc=4\pi\frac{A}{P}\) & Dimensionless \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}
Table 7: Morphometric parameters.