## 3 Results and Discussion
### Anthocyanins are Affected by Location  
To better characterize the influence of location and thus mainly latitude and climate, as well as yearly weather parameters on the anthocyanin profile of six strawberry cultivars, a cultivar-specific PCA was conducted. The score and loading plots comprised by the first two principal components (PC1 and PC2) explained ~70% of the total variance of the data set for each of the four cultivars ('Clery', 'Frida', 'Gariguette' and 'Sonata') grown in five locations (Figures 2 and 3), and of the two cultivars ('Candonga' and 'Florence') grown in four locations (Figure 4). In addition, the PCA models also captured the effect of the two years and the two picking dates within each year. PC2 described 15.7-25.3% of the data variation and was mainly responsible for the separation of each cultivar by location, and thus by latitude and climatic factors, as well as local pre-harvest weather conditions on the anthocyanin synthesis and accumulation. In general, the loading plots (Figures 2-4) of each cultivar indicates that pel-3-glc are closely related to total anthocyanin, indicating a similar reaction on the different locations and their environmental conditions. Likewise, cya-3-glc and cya-3-mal-glc were grouped closely together. Thus, they were similar, but in an opposite way as pel-3-glc and total anthocyanins, influenced by locations and yearly weather variations. An exception was observed for 'Frida' where the total anthocyanin and pel-3-glc were clustered together with both cya-derivates, and hence, underlying the same location and environmental effects. Even though all pel-derivates have the same synthesis pathway, pel-3-rut and pel-3-mal-glc showed a cultivar and location-dependent distribution pattern. In the case of 'Clery', 'Gariguette' and 'Candonga', pel-3-rut was clustered more or less separately between both cya-derivates and total anthocyanin and pel-3-glc, while in 'Sonata', it was more related to the cya-derivates, in 'Frida', to cya-derivates, pel-3-glc, and total anthocyanin, while in 'Florence', pel-3-rut was linked to total anthocyanin and the other two pel-derivates. Pel-3-mal-glc was more or less related to pel-3-glc and total anthocyanin in the case of 'Clery', 'Gariguette' and 'Sonata'. In contrast, pel-3-mal-glc was clustered separately for 'Frida' and together with all other pel-derivates and total anthocyanins in the case of 'Florence'. The score plots (Figures 2-4) indicated a similar clustering of location for each of the cultivars, showing a typical latitudinal division by the North-South axis. However,modification also occurred by cultivar, yearly variations and weather conditions during the harvest period. The high amount of cya-3-glc and cya-3-mal-glc in 'Clery' samples from Poland and Norway (Tables 3 and 6), and the enriched levels of total anthocyanins, pel-3-glc, and pel-3-mal-glc and in fruits grown in France (Tables 2, 4 and 7), mainly contributed to the clustering of the different locations (Figure 2). The pel-3-rut content was high in 'Clery' fruits from Germany (Table 5), however, this was less important for the separation by location. Interesting to note is the effect of yearly variations combined with harvest period on the synthesis and accumulation of total anthocyanins and their individual compounds at the different locations. For example, 17A samples from France are overlapping with those from Italy in 2018. Another example is the clear separation of the Polish 18B samples from their other ones. The loading plot for 'Frida' (Figure 2) separated the locations more clearly than for 'Clery'. However, the effects of yearly variations and harvest period are less pronounced. The main difference between locations were due to the high abundance of pel-3-glc in samples from Norway in both years (Table 4), and total anthocyanin both in Norway and Poland (Table 2). In addition, clustering was due to low levels of cya-3-glc in fruits from Italy, especially in 2017 (Table 3), and low values of pel-3-rut (Table 5) in both Italy and France in 2018.