## 3 Results
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c c} \hline \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**Type of Visual Defects**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**Total**} & **Control** & **Class II** & **Class III** & **Deep Bite** & **Open Bite** & **Cross Bite** \\ \cline{2-8}  & **(\(n=160\))** & **(\(n=52\))** & **(\(n=52\))** & **(\(n=9\))** & **(\(n=36\))** & **(\(n=15\))** & **(\(n=34\))** \\ \hline
**Myopia, \(n\) (\%)** & & & & & & & \\ Absent & 102 (64.97) & 39 (76.47) & 20 (38.46) & 8 (88.89) & 20 (58.82) & 9 (60.00) & 33 (97.06) \\ Present & 55 (35.03) & 12 (23.53) & 32 (61.54) \({}^{\ast}\) & 1 (11.11) \({}^{\circ}\) & 14 (41.18) \({}^{\circ}\) & 6 (40.00) \({}^{\circ}\) & 1 (2.94) \({}^{\ast\ast\ast}\) \\
**Astigmatism, \(n\) (\%)** & & & & & & & \\ Absent & 119 (74.84) & 46 (88.46) & 41 (78.85) & 4 (44.44) & 29 (82.86) & 8 (53.33) & 17 (50.00) \\ Present & 40 (25.16) & 6 (11.54) & 11 (21.15) \({}^{\circ}\) & 5 (55.56) \({}^{\ast\ast\ast}\) & 6 (17.14) \({}^{\circ}\) & 7 (46.67) \({}^{\ast\ast\ast}\) & 17 (50.00) \({}^{\ast}\) \\
**Hyperopia, \(n\) (\%)** & & & & & & & \\ Absent & 123 (77.85) & 42 (82.35) & 43 (82.69) & 8 (88.89) & 21 (60.00) & 10 (66.67) & 33 (97.06) \\ Present & 35 (22.15) & 9 (17.65) & 9 (17.31) \({}^{\circ}\) & 1 (11.11) \({}^{\circ}\) & 14 (40.00) \({}^{\ast\ast\ast}\) & 5 (33.33) \({}^{\circ}\) & 1 (2.94) \({}^{\ast\ast\ast}\) \\
**Latent strabismus, \(n\) (\%)** & & & & & & & \\ Absent & 117 (73.58) & 46 (88.46) & 31 (59.62) & 4 (44.44) & 25 (71.43) & 13 (86.67) & 21 (61.76) \\ Present & 42 (26.42) & 6 (11.54) & 21 (40.38) \({}^{\ast\ast\ast}\) & 5 (55.56) \({}^{\ast\ast\ast}\) & 10 (28.57) \({}^{\circ}\) & 2 (13.33) \({}^{\circ}\) & 13 (38.24) \({}^{\ast\ast\ast}\) \\
**Manifested strabismus,** & & & & & & & \\ _n (\%)_ & & & & & & & \\ Absent & 116 (72.96) & 46 (88.46) & 33 (63.46) & 4 (44.44) & 21 (60.00) \({}^{\ast\ast}\) & 13 (86.67) & 21 (61.76) \\ Present & 43 (27.04) & 6 (11.54) & 19 (36.54) \({}^{\ast\ast\ast}\) & 5 (55.56) \({}^{\ast\ast\ast}\) & 14 (40.00) \({}^{\ast\ast\ast}\) & 2 (13.33) \({}^{\circ}\) & 13 (38.24) \({}^{\ast\ast\ast}\) \\
**Saccadic ability, \(n\) (\%)** & & & & & & & \\ Absent & 98 (61.64) & 29 (55.77) & 30 (57.69) & 4 (44.44) & 23 (65.71) & 12 (80.00) & 21 (61.76) \\ Present & 61 (38.36) & 23 (44.23) & 22 (42.31) \({}^{\circ}\) & 5 (55.56) \({}^{\circ}\) & 12 (34.29) \({}^{\circ}\) & 3 (20.00) \({}^{\circ}\) & 13 (38.24) \({}^{\circ}\) \\
**Tracking ability, \(n\) (\%)** & & & & & & & \\ Absent & 109 (68.99) & 40 (78.43) & 30 (57.69) & 4 (44.44) & 22 (62.86) & 12 (80.00) & 23 (67.65) \\ Present & 49 (31.01) & 11 (21.57) & 22 (42.31) \({}^{\ast\ast\ast}\) & 5 (55.56) \({}^{\ast\ast\ast}\) & 13 (37.14) \({}^{\circ}\) & 3 (20.00) \({}^{\circ}\) & 11 (32.35) \({}^{\circ}\) \\
**Saccadic precision, \(n\) (\%)** & & & & & & & \\ Absent & 111 (69.81) & 40 (76.92) & 31 (59.62) & 4 (44.44) & 25 (71.43) & 11 (73.33) & 22 (64.71) \\ Present & 48 (30.19) & 12 (23.08) & 21 (40.38) \({}^{\circ}\) & 5 (55.56) \({}^{\circ}\) & 10 (28.57) \({}^{\circ}\) & 4 (26.67) \({}^{\circ}\) & 12 (35.29) \({}^{\circ}\) \\
**Tracking precision, \(n\) (\%)** & & & & & & & \\ Absent & 115 (72.33) & 43 (82.69) & 31 (59.62) & 4 (44.44) & 25 (71.43) & 12 (80.00) & 22 (64.71) \\ Present & 44 (27.67) & 9 (17.31) & 21 (40.38) \({}^{\ast\ast\ast}\) & 5 (55.56) \({}^{\ast\ast\ast}\) & 10 (28.57) \({}^{\circ}\) & 3 (20.00) \({}^{\circ}\) & 12 (35.29) \({}^{\circ}\) \\
**Mov Head/body, \(n\) (\%)** & & & & & & \\ Absent & 117 (73.58) & 44 (84.62) & 31 (59.62) & 4 (44.44) & 27 (77.14) & 12 (80.00) & 21 (61.76) \\ Present & 42 (26.42) & 8 (15.38) & 21 (40.38) \({}^{\ast\ast\ast}\) & 5 (55.56) \({}^{\ast\ast}\) & 8 (22.86) \({}^{\circ}\) & 3 (20.00) \({}^{\circ}\) & 13 (38.24) \({}^{\ast\ast\ast}\) \\
**Visual defects, \(n\) (\%)** & & & & & &