# From Affect Theoretical Foundations to Computational Models of Intelligent Affective Agents
## 2 Analysis of the Influence of Emotions in Cognition and Practical Reasoning
### Emotions in the Evaluation of the Situation  
It is considered that emotions consist of multiple components [46]. These components include the following: the _cognitive_ component, which involves evaluations of the person-environment interaction; the _motivational_ component, which includes forms of action readiness; the _somatic_ component, which includes physiological responses that are peripheral; the _motor_ component, which deals with instrumental and expressive behavior; and the _subjective_ component, which involves subjective experiences. The _cognitive_ component is underpinned in the cognitive theory, which is the one that deals in great detail with how the \"perception of the exciting fact\" mentioned by [PERSON] [39] becomes an emotion. This was called the \"appraisal\" process by authors like [PERSON] [47]. There are coincidences as well as differences in the content and number of appraisals (processed appraisal variables) that are made. Theories generally agree on appraisal variables like goal relevance, goal congruence, certainty, coping potential, and agency (whether an event is caused by oneself, other people, or external circumstances) [46]. Other appraisal variables are not considered in all theories (e.g., novelty, pleasantness, type of goal, or norm compatibility) [48]. Theoretical and experimental research on appraisal has deepened the study of the relation between patterns of appraisal values and emotions, action tendencies, physiological responses, and facial or vocal expressions. Some key questions include whether a representation of emotion must be performed, how it must be performed, and how appraisal patterns influence other components. For example, in [49], [PERSON] proposed a component process model of appraisal where appraisal consists of an invariant sequence of \"stimulus evaluation checks\". Specifically, an emotion is defined as \"an episode of interrelated, synchronized changes in the states of all or most of the _five organismic subsystems_ (Information processing, Support, Executive, Action, and Monitor) in response to the evaluation of an external or internal stimulus event as relevant to major concerns of the organism\" [50]. The possible states of these subsystems are the components of an emotion episode. The role of concerns stands in all appraisal theories. They can be defined as individual needs, ideals, values, norms, and all the individual cares about [51]. Another important appraisal theory is the one proposed by [PERSON], [PERSON], and [PERSON] in their work titled \"The Cognitive Structure of Emotions\" [10]. One of the most important contributions of their work is that the authors specifically developed their theoretical approach with the aim of implementing it on a computer. This has been the most widely accepted and used proposal by researchers in computer sciences seeking to work in this direction. The authors propose a model of emotions called \"OCC\". This model not only proposes a classification of emotion types by considering aspects of the situation appraised, but it also proposes quantitative aspects of emotions. Variables such as potentials, thresholds, and intensities are used to describe these quantitative aspects. [PERSON] work [51] differentiates \"primary\" and \"secondary\" appraisal, which may or may not be sequential. He stated that, in a \"primary\" appraisal, an event is evaluated to determine whether it helps or hinders the achievement of a goal, which fosters or inhibits the desires of an individual. In a \"secondary\" appraisal, an individual assesses its capabilities and resources to deal with an event. On the other hand, in [PERSON]'s work [52], appraisal patterns are considered to be dimensions. The author distinguished seven appraisal dimensions, including some concepts such as the unexpectedness of an event, its probability, control potential (referring to an individual's capacity to cope with an event), and agency (i.e., responsibility regarding the event).