# Recent Advancement in Assessment and Control of Structures under Multi-Hazard
###### Abstract  
This review presents an up-to-date account of research in multi-hazard assessment and vibration control of engineering structures. A general discussion of the importance of multi-hazard consideration in structural engineering, as well as recent advances in this area, is presented as a background. In terms of performance assessment and vibration control, various hazards are considered with an emphasis on seismic and wind loads. Although multi-hazard problems in civil engineering structures are generally discussed to some extent, the emphasis is placed on buildings, bridges, and wind turbine towers. The scientific literature in this area is vast with rapidly growing innovations. The literature is, therefore, classified by the structure type, and then, subsequently, by the hazard. Main contributions and conclusions from the reported studies are presented in summarized tables intended to provide readers with a quick reference and convenient navigation to related publications for further research. Finally, a summary of the literature review is provided with some insights on knowledge gaps and research needs. multi-hazard; earthquake; wind; flood; hazards; hurricane; mitigation; resilience; risk assessment; bridge; building; wind turbine; control system +
Footnote †: journal: Medical  
between 1998 and 2017, are shown in Figure 1. The numbers in Figure 1, which are based on CRED report [1], clearly show that earthquakes and storms are the most damaging natural hazards. It is interesting to note that earthquakes have killed more people than all other hazards combined. Different natural processes affect structures and people in different ways. While the simultaneous occurrence of two different types of damaging hazards, such as strong wind and earthquake, is rare, some natural processes can induce secondary hazards. For example, fire and landslides are known to occur after strong earthquakes (see, for example, [PERSON] et al. [2]). Moreover, a structure may be exposed to different types of natural hazards, albeit not simultaneously, during its lifetime. Therefore, it needs to be resistant to forces and damage mechanisms imposed by more than one natural process. Structures optimally designed for actions from one type of natural hazard may not necessarily be well equipped to deal with actions from all types of hazards. This leads to the need for hazard mapping, considering different types of natural processes and their interdependencies. Consideration of multiple hazards in urban development is gaining popularity in the research community. For example, [PERSON] et al. [3] studied probabilities of incidence of floods, landslides, and earthquakes, in a specific area in Northeastern Greece, to map multiple hazards and identify areas suitable for urban development. [PERSON] et al. [4] explore disaster risk reduction from a multi-hazard perspective. Regional multi-hazard mapping for urban development is gaining popularity in research (e.g., [5]). Vulnerability and design of structures against multiple hazards is also gaining popularity in research. As an example, [PERSON] [6], as well as [PERSON] and [PERSON] [7], discuss some fundamental differences between wind and earthquake-resistant designs of high-rise buildings. A review of studies on the vulnerability of buildings subjected to wind and earthquake forces is presented by [PERSON] et al. [8]. A framework for life-cycle loss estimation in tall buildings subjected to wind and seismic forces is presented by [PERSON] et al. [9]. Civil engineering infrastructure, such as dams, bridges, roads etc., are lifelines of modern society. Although multi-hazard risk assessment of infrastructure is challenging [10; 11], it is an important tool to improve their safety and operability following natural disasters, which is instrumental for social resilience. Various factors affecting costs and performance of infrastructure in a multi-hazard environment is  
Figure 1: Frequencies of different natural hazards and their effects during 1998–2017 (based on CRED report, [1]).