## An Application Example
### Application
#### 3.2.2 Results and Discussion
The clustering data will raise the weight of the related type because each individual data point has the same weight, which will cause the result to deviate. The distribution of wells is relatively sparse in the early phases of oil exploration and development, but as these phases advance, well density rises, and the impact of well dispersion must be taken into account. If the data distribution is too dense, the dense distribution characteristics of such data may have an impact on the estimation of the mean value. Before using the sample data, it is necessary to carry out the declustering step to eliminate the impact of the dense data on the result. Cell declustering and polygonal declustering are two declustering techniques, and the suitable declustering can be chosen based on various regional characteristics or the type of data. In particular, in the study of reservoir geology, it is crucial to underline that expert knowledge should be maintained in the process of data processing and optimization, where geological knowledge will determine whether or not a trend is retained. A simple fluvial reservoir illustrating the effects of data clustering is constructed using an object-based approach (Figure 4). The proportion of sandstone in the reservoir is set at 40%. The length and width are 15,000 m and the thickness is 25 m. The channel sand body in the reservoir is mainly located at the X-axis at 4000-10,000 m (Figure 4). Due to the influence of oil and gas collection, most drilling is located in the area with a high proportion of sandstone, because sandstone is a favorable place for oil and gas accumulation. By calculating the sandstone proportion of all the wells, the sandstone proportion of the reservoir is estimated to be 53.57%. Obviously, this is higher than the set fraction. The research area is divided into two parts: high proportion and low proportion, and the surface area represents the weight. The highest proportion is the position of the X-axis at 4000-10,000 m, the average is 76.07%, and the weight is about 0.4. The other positions are low-proportion parts, with an average of 19.83% and a weight of about 0.6. At this time,  
example, the value of the three levels of the sandstone proportion are calculated as 76.987%, 86.326% and 95.665% for the pessimistic, most likely, and optimistic values, respectively. This provides a method reference for quantifying the uncertainty of data and also provides reasonable data preparation and probability support for subsequent modeling and reserve estimation. The application of this method is outlined below:  
The data distribution of the original facies proportion may affect the results of the calculation, such as whether the data follows the normal distribution and whether the data is evenly sampled. However, the geometric form and distribution pattern of reservoirs vary, and the size of this influence needs to be analyzed in combination with the actual situation. The control of the edge value is strengthened, and the smoothing effect provided by the mean value is weakened, when the optimistic and pessimistic estimations of the sandstone proportion are calculated using the \(N_{0}\) technique with a certain degree of certainty. On the basis of the probability distribution, we were able to introduce the error \(p\%\), determine the discrepancy between the sample mean and the true value based on the sample of data, and assess the success of replacing the sample mean with the population mean. Conceptualization, S.L. ; Methodology, S.L. ; Writing--original draft, S.W. ; Writing--review & editing, S.W. ; Visualization, S.Y. ; Supervision, S.Y. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript. This research was funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 42172172). All data can be obtained from the corresponding author. We wish to acknowledge the help from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 42172172). The authors promise that this article does not present a conflict of interest.