# Dynamic-RPL: Enhancing RPL-Based IoT Networks with Effective Support of Dynamic Topology Management
## 6 Experimentation
The first stage was based on running the implementation of the original RPL for both experimental setups. No stability and congestion issues or oversizing situations were considered in this stage. This enabled the establishment of the performance baseline required to realize effective comparison with the experimental results obtained in the next stages. The Dynamic-RPL implementation was then experimented with in the next stage under the same ideal performance consideration for both experimental setups. The results obtained for these initial evaluation stages were examined to provide an initial analysis of the efficiency and performance of Dynamic-RPL. In the third and fourth evaluation stages, the original RPL and Dynamic-RPL implementations were again tested, respectively, but under adverse network conditions in each \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c} \hline \hline
**Simulation Parameter** & **Value** \\ \hline Area Size & 300 \(\times\) 300 m \\ S1 & 28 Nodes \\ S2 & 45 Nodes \\ Topology & Random \\ \multicolumn{2}{c}{Note Type} & Zolertia Z1 \\ \multicolumn{2}{c}{Note Current Consumption in CPU Mode} & 0.5 mA at 3 V \\ \multicolumn{2}{c}{Note Current Consumption in LPM Mode} & 0.0005 mA at 3 V \\ \multicolumn{2}{c}{Note Current Consumption in Tx Mode} & 17.4 mA at 3 V \\ \multicolumn{2}{c}{Note Current Consumption in Rx Mode} & 18.8 mA at 3 V \\ \multicolumn{2}{c}{Radio Medium Model} & UDGM: Distance Loss \\ \multicolumn{2}{c}{MAC Layer} & ContikiMAC \\ \multicolumn{2}{c}{RPL Routing Mode} & Storing Mode \\ \multicolumn{2}{c}{Communication Range} & 25 m \\ \multicolumn{2}{c}{Interference Range} & 50 m \\ \multicolumn{2}{c}{Traffic Type} & CBR \\ \multicolumn{2}{c}{Data Transmission Interval} & \(\pm\)5 s \\ \multicolumn{2}{c}{Control Message Size} & 4 Bytes \\ \multicolumn{2}{c}{Data Packet Size} & 40 Bytes \\ \multicolumn{2}{c}{Confidence Level} & 95\% \\ \multicolumn{2}{c}{x in Dynamic-RPL} & 85\% \\ \multicolumn{2}{c}{y in Dynamic-RPL} & 7 \\ \multicolumn{2}{c}{Simulation Duration} & 45 min \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 2: Simulation Parameters. experimental setup. The load and stability measures were artificially degraded for some local-DODAGs to simulate the required challenging scenarios. Different local-DODAGs and varying scenarios of different load and stability settings were considered for each experimental setup during these stages. Each scenario was applied 10 minutes after the simulation start time to make sure that it happened after the complete convergence of the network. The simulation duration was set to 45 min for each simulation run. The results were collected for each simulation run after being repeated ten times. Then, the averages of the obtained results were calculated. All these considerations were deemed important for achieving an effective investigation of the Dynamic-RPL with well-considered experimentation. Afterward, network performance comparisons among the experimental results collected for all the different stages were made. Then, a comparison with other existing relevant approaches ([17; 19; 20; 24]) was also carried out. For an effective performance analysis, a set of network measures that provide practical indications of the overall network performance were considered. In addition, some operational protocol measures, particularly convergence time and dynamic adjustment delay, were also considered to investigate protocol efficiency. All the considered evaluation measures can be categorized as follows:  
* QoS-oriented measures: Packet Delivery Ratio (PDR), throughput, delay, and ETX. * Control overhead: DIO transmission rate and overall control message transmission rate. * Energy efficiency: consumed energy. * Protocol responsiveness: convergence time, resolution time, and adjustments' time. The calculation of these network performance parameters was based on a well-defined measurement. This can be simply explained as follows:  
* PDR: the ratio of all the successfully received data packets to all the data transmissions made across the network.