## 2 Results and Discussion
### Bound Fraction of Monoterpenes Compounds from Berries Treated with TDZ or CK  
In the present study, a total of 16 glycosylated aroma compounds were identified, among which, myrtenol, (\(E\))-furanoid linalool and (\(Z\))-furanoid linalool were differently identified compounds to compare with free aroma compounds. In comparison with the free monoterpene volatile compounds, which primarily consisted of linalool, geraniol and \(\mathtt{p}\)-limonene, the bound monoterpene profiles were markedly different. The highest concentrations found were geranic acid, (\(E\))-furanoid linalool and (\(Z\))-furanoid linalool, all of which were detected in higher amounts in the bound fraction compared with the free fraction (Table 2). In accordance with previous studies [34], the total concentrations of bound monoterpenes were generally higher than the free fractions of monoterpenes.  
It is important to note that almost all of the concentrations for bound monoterpenes recorded in CK were higher than those observed from the TDZ treatment. Similar findings were also observed in the free fraction of monoterpene volatiles. In the bound fractions, the monoterpene linalool was higher than what was detected from the free fraction, while geraniol and \(\mathtt{p}\)-limonene in free form were also detected at lower levels compared with the bound fractions. Specifically, the highest concentration among the three free volatile compounds was geraniol (218.12 ng/g FW, in 2019, CK), followed by  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Free Terpene Aroma Compounds (ng/gFW)** & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Shine Muscat 2018**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Shine Muscat 2019**} \\ \hline \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Monoterpene Compounds**} & **CK** & **TDZ** & **CK** & **TDZ** \\ \hline Linalool & \(310.45\pm 7.11\)a & \(99.15\pm 1.21\)b & \(418.42\pm 17.87\)a & \(107.74\pm 6.75\)b \\ Hotrienol & \(7.46\pm 0.19\)a & \(5.75\pm 0.25\)b & \(15.72\pm 1.21\)a & \(8.54\pm 0.72\)b \\ \(\alpha\)-Terpineol & \(16.83\pm 1.23\)a & \(19.21\pm 1.42\)a & \(22.56\pm 1.12\)b & \(16.15\pm 0.52\)a \\ \(\alpha\)-Citral & \(4.71\pm 0.28\)a & \(1.94\pm 0.12\)b & \(4.81\pm 0.27\)a & \(1.66\pm 0.22\)b \\ Citronellol & \(8.42\pm 0.71\)a & \(2.41\pm 0.18\)b & \(15.3\pm 0.63\)a & \(2.55\pm 0.11\)b \\ Neral & \(12.16\pm 0.51\)a & \(3.88\pm 0.38\)b & \(13.57\pm 0.67\)a & \(3.86\pm 0.25\)b \\ Geraniol & \(57.92\pm 4.77\)a & \(6.13\pm 0.21\)b & \(181.53\pm 9.11\)a & \(7.12\pm 0.16\)b \\ Geranic acid & \(3.12\pm 0.22\)a & \(2.06\pm 0.12\)b & \(4.64\pm 0.33\)a & \(2.44\pm 0.16\)b \\ Citronellal & \(1.04\pm 0.08\)b & \(2.75\pm 0.24\)a & \(1.96\pm 0.13\)b & \(5.21\pm 0.37\)a \\ \(\beta\)-Myrcene & \(16.28\pm 0.96\)a & \(4.28\pm 0.33\)b & \(34.22\pm 2.01\)a & \(11.38\pm 0.71\)b \\ \(\mathtt{p}\)-Limonene & \(71.37\pm 3.85\)a & \(21.82\pm 1.52\)b & \(56.46\pm 2.02\)a & \(15.45\pm 1.03\)b \\ Total & \(509.31\) & \(169.28\) & \(769.19\) & \(180.44\) \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}
Table 1: Free monoterpene aroma compounds in berries treated with TDZ or control (CK) and sampled at harvest. Mean and standard error (\(n=3\)). Different letters indicate significant differences ([PERSON]’s multiple range test, \(p\leq 0.05\)). FW: Fresh weight.  
linalool (137.74 ng/g FW, in 2019, CK) and d-limonene (122.41 ng/g FW, in 2019, CK). During the course of both study years, the concentration of these compounds showed approximately a 4-fold decrease subsequent to treatment with TDZ both for free and bound terpenoids.