## 2 Methods
### CIC Assistant Device  
This study established an inexpensive urine pot measuring device which suits all models of urine pots and containers. The sensor module weighs the urine pot through the voltage change after catheterization. The value collected shows the voided volume. This amount also resembles the bladder's capacity as the CIC cleans up the entire storage. Signals are transmitted through the  
Figure 1: The structure of the personalized assistant system of clean intermittent catheterization (CIC). OPD: outpatient department. blue-tooth wireless technology to the user's cellular phone, then simultaneously saved and shown on the screen. The data are then recorded, accumulated, and stored, both in the cellular phone and the medical cloud database. The voided volume is compared to different tolerance levels [4; 24; 25] and is shown with different colors on the diagram (Table 1). The color green means normal bladder condition, but other colors mean that the patient may need to adjust water intake. This study utilized the ATmega 328P-AU (Atmel Corporation, San Jose, CA, USA) as the microchip processor for data transmission in the urinal volume assessment device through weighing measurement. The HX711 (AVIA Semiconductor, Xiamen, China) was used as the 24 bit AC/DC converter of the load cell amplifier. It conveyed the power as electronic signals and then delivered them to the controller. The advantages were higher noise tolerance and high response speed. Moreover, HC-05 2.4 Ghz was chosen as the Bluetooth module because of its low dissipation (8 mA) and completeness in indoor remote data transmission (8M). The structure of the urine pot measuring module, as seen in Figure 2, indicated the amount of voided volume. Data were transmitted to the user's cellular phone through Bluetooth. The CIC assistant device shown in Figure 3 is portable, installable on ready-made urine pots, and rechargeable through micro-USB. A battery volume of 800 mAh allows for 4 h of continuous power supply. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c} \hline \hline
**Volume (c.c.)** & **Color** \\ \hline \(\leq\)150 & Blue \\
151\(\sim\)399 & Green \\
400–549 & Yellow \\
550–699 & Red \\ \(\geq\)700 & Purple \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 1: Voided volume range and color bar of each clean intermittent catheterization (CIC) show on app. Figure 2: Structure of urine pot measuring module. Based on the study, the app recorded the user's voided volume, the exact time of voiding, and the interval of the CIC. Alerts are given immediately when the result is abnormal, as shown in the following rules. 1. Voided volume \(\leq\)150 mL per unit time. The app calculates the interval between two catheterizations. If the time is less than 2 h, the app will suggest postponing the act as frequent catheterization brings harm to the urethra. The app records the results without an alert for an interval of 2 to 4 h. When the time exceeds 4 h, the app detects insufficient water intake and will suggest that the patient drink more water. 2. Voided volume 151 to 399 mL per unit time. The app considers that this is a good condition and will not give an alert. 3. Voided volume 400 to 549 mL per unit time. The app calculates the interval between two catheterizations. If the time is less than 2 h, the app will suggest cutting down on water intake by 200 cc and postponing the catheterization to 2 h later. The app records the results without alert for an interval of 2 to 4 h. When the time exceeds 4 h, the app considers it as a normal situation and will not give an alert. 4. Voided volume 550 to 699 mL per unit time. The app calculates the interval between two catheterizations. If the time is less than 2 h, the app will suggest cutting down on water intake by 250 cc and postponing the catheterization to 2 h later. The app suggests cutting down water intake by 200 cc or postponing the catheterization to 3 h later for an interval of 2 to 4 h. When the time exceeds 4 h, the app suggests cutting down water intake by 150 cc or postponing the catheterization to 4 h later.