## 6 Discussion  
Testing of real-time embedded systems is a demanding task due to bugs related to synchronization and the demand of high data rate transmission. Due to the continually rising data rate and the design complexity of embedded systems, researchers and testers are constantly striving to find new techniques to debug and test these interfaces. All previous work advocated testing high speed serial interfaces using electronic equipment and providing specification- and defect-based testing. This research focuses on a testing approach that detects and localizes all timing and synchronization bugs at high speed synchronous serial interfaces. Our approach is to simulate communication across multiple PEs for detecting and localizing bugs in real-time communication. For this purpose, we conducted a study based on inter-process communication and were able to identify communication-based synchronization bugs. While the source of bugs may be unknown or unidentifiable, it is important to locate bugs so that appropriate test cases may be generated.  
The proposed framework helps to detect possible inconsistencies or communication bugs in communication protocol specifications while also providing failure traces as counter-test cases to assist in recreating a failure scenario. We generated test data that accommodate all kinds of scenarios on all PEs interfaces; we simulated communication based on these scenarios using test data in the knowledge base. Test cases were generated through use case scenarios. The proposed technique detects synchronization bugs systematically but more scenarios are still needed for testing. The framework also provides inputs for test case generation, which ensures that only a consistent communication model will be applicable.  
Simulations have been used as quantitative process analysis tools in many domains and provide useful inputs for test case generation modules for detecting inconsistency in  
Figure 20: Code used whenever data are received via serial port.  
a system. It simulates the environment to examine a system's consistency more closely, is created to allow testing of a virtual environment, and helps to determine different disturbances of a system. It also provides a thorough analysis of the functioning of the system. An instance of simulators created for knowledge base development is in the proposed framework.  
Emulators are used after creating the knowledge base. On the emulator side, many PEs with distinct interfaces were executed simultaneously. Each of the PE emulators was linked to a separate PC. Using emulators, we could see what was happening in the system. In this manner, bugs were detected and then compared to a knowledge base.  
A bug was injected into the system for validating the effectiveness of the proposed framework. Our approach was able to identify and localize the timing and synchronization bugs in high-speed synchronous serial interfaces in a real-time embedded system. As with other similar situations, the limitation of the work is in the need for more test cases that may be generated through other communication environments with real-time constraints. However, each new simulation environment will need to be able to enrich existing test cases that are continuously updated for further system testing.