## 1 Introduction
### Terminology and Definitions  
Here, we provide elucidations regarding the outlined field of research for a _Global Quality Management System (G-QMS) in System of Systems (SoS)_, and the terminology and definitions underlying it. [PERSON] et al. [1] discussed global organizations that still have a highly broad definition and their organizational impacts that are yet to be fully explored. Likewise, they discussed the SoS that lack an agreed definition, and so adopted the definition proposed by DoD [3]. The term \"_G-QMS in global SoS organizations_\" was named to define the research field, but still, it remains a term that is not fully defined. [PERSON] et al. [1] concluded in their exploratory study that a more cohesive definition will be needed for further development. Indeed, in further work on the model's development, [PERSON] and [PERSON] [2] refined the field of research terminology to be _Global Quality Management System (G-QMS) in the SoS sectors_, and in abbreviated term, _G-QMS in Sectors of SoS_.  
The concept of \"System of Systems\" (SoS) refers to an ensemble of autonomous systems that collaborate to achieve overarching objectives, generating capabilities that surpass the potential of any individual system [4; 5], and an airport is given as an example of SoS [2]. Respectively, [PERSON] and [PERSON] [2] emphasize the global deployment of the SoS, necessitating that \"_beside the technological solution, a global organizational framework [is needed] to support such intricate integrations. Correspondingly, the multi-organizational structures that are built for the common purpose of the SoS require a reference that goes beyond the organizations_\". An expansion is provided by [PERSON] and [PERSON] [6], who review aspects with regard to the SoS's multi-organizational structures, noting strategies for their engineering and management challenges. Like [PERSON] and [PERSON] [2], we term these _SoS G-organizations_--global organizations (G-organizations) having multi-site deployment across the globe, necessitating an adapted organizational structure. Accordingly, the developed model is defined as a global QMS (G-QMS) which is adapted to such SoS G-organizations, moreover, one that is essential to these organizations. With regard to _SoS_, which have extensive modes of expression, the DoD definition [3] has been adopted. In this work, we especially relate to three of the definition's four categories, in which the SoS own central management, and it consolidates for a special overarching purpose. Lastly, in addition to the definition phrase with respect to SoS's global deployment and its technological solution, in this work, we use the term _SoS project_ to describe a large and comprehensive super-program implemented to realize SoS. The SoS project is initiated to realize SoS in accordance with a contract scope set by its terms and conditions. However, in the SoS project, there is an extensive set of contracts that are signed among the G-organizations. Also, the SoS project does not include the operations and maintenance phase (post-delivery) by the operator but concludes with the completion of the handover process to the operator organization.