## 4 Results and Discussion
### Field Measurement Results  
The preliminary trials in the parking lot of the WestCity Auckland shopping mall were successful, but there were significant connectivity issues during the network assessment.  
Figure 8: Illustrating V2V communications.  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c p{227.6 pt}} \hline \hline
**Scenario** & **Description** \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{1} & In Level 1 of the field trial, two cars (TX and RX) were positioned 1 m apart to study the effects of gradually increasing the distance between them. The purpose was to determine the maximum communication range between the two vehicles. Scenario 1 involved sharing a text and image file and collecting data on signal strength, strength, data rate, and transmission time. \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{2} & In scenario 2, the field trial involved placing the TX on Level 1 and the RX on Level 2, with a 4 m distance between them. The purpose was to study the impact of gradually increasing the distance between the TX and RX in small increments to determine the maximum communication range between the two vehicles. This scenario involved sharing a text file and an image file, and data on signal strength, data rate, and transmission time were collected to gain insights into the quality of the communication. \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{3} & In scenario 3, the field trial involved placing the TX on Level 1 and the RX on Level 3, with an 8 m distance between them. The objective was to examine the effects of gradually increasing the distance between the TX and RX in small increments to determine the maximum communication range between the two vehicles. The scenario included sharing a text file and image file, and data on signal strength, data rate, and transmission time were collected to gain insights into the quality of the communication. \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{4} & In scenario 4, the field trial involved placing the TX on Level 1 and the RX on Level 4, with a 12 m distance between them. The purpose was to investigate the effects of gradually increasing the distance between the TX and RX in small increments to determine the maximum communication range between the two vehicles. The scenario included sharing a text file and image file, and data on signal strength, data rate, and transmission time were collected to gain insights into the quality of the communication. \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{5} & In scenario 5, the field trial involved parking on the road with a minimum distance of 1 m between Level 1 and the road surface. The objective was to investigate the effects of gradually increasing the distance between the TX and RX in small increments to determine the maximum communication range between the two vehicles. During this scenario, a text file and an image file were shared, and data on signal strength, data rate, and transmission time were collected to gain insights into the quality of the communication. \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}
Table 5: Wi-Fi-based vehicular ad hoc network using field measurement scenarios.  
These issues resulted in delays and packet loss during packet transmission. The assessment involved using a laptop connected to an IEEE 802.11n USB Wireless Adapter and IEEE 802.11n 2.4 GHz Antenna. Prior to the official measurements, the inSSIDer software was used to test the network and it detected a high number of SSIDs (19 to 36) in all scenarios (Figure 9), indicating interference from other networks.  
In all scenarios (1 to 5), the network strength, as depicted in Figure 10, was found to be inconsistent and unreliable. The received signal strengths (RSSI) for Scenarios 1 to 5 ranged from \(-75\) to \(-87\) dBm, \(-74\) to \(-90\) dBm, \(-67\) to \(-87\) dBm, \(-74\) to \(-90\) dBm, and \(-67\) to \(-88\) dBm, respectively. These measurements indicate that the network had low performance and was not reliable, in terms of signal strength quality, across all scenarios.