# Reliable Positioning and mmWave Communication via Multi-Point Connectivity +
## 4 Simulation Results
### Simulation Setup  
We consider uplink in MU-SIMO wireless communication system with the flat-fading idealized orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) frame, which consists of equally spaced sub-carriers with the inter-carrier spacing of \(\Delta f=120\) kHz and operating frequency is set to 28 GHz. Furthermore, each frame of duration \(T_{f}=10\) ms consists of 1120 symbols, which is aligned with the 5G new-radio (5G NR) numerology [29].  
We assume \(B=2\) BSs with \(N_{R}=16\) receive antennas. The BSs are placed at opposite corners with the inter-site distance of 50 meters and connected to a common BBU by the fronthaul links with finite capacity and zero delay. Assuming the acquired-CSI from the analog beam sweeping, BBU implements one of two methods: multi-point reception or BS selection. For the multi-point reception method \(|\mathcal{B}|=B\), i.e., all coordinating BSs coherently receive uplink data signals with the compromise receive beam \(\bar{\mathbf{w}}_{b}\,\forall b\) from all active users and the corresponding SINR is defined in Equation (10). While in the BS selection method \(|\mathcal{B}|=1\), i.e., each user is assigned to the closest BS for uplink data reception with full analog beamforming gain, whereas all other user are treated as interference and the corresponding SINR is defined in Equation (12).  
Figure 3: An example system model with: (**a**) communication system with \(|\mathcal{B}|=2,|\mathcal{K}|=2\) with exact user’s location and corresponding PEB; (**b**) receive beamforming codebook \(\mathcal{W}_{b}\,\forall b\) with cardinality \(|\mathcal{W}_{b}|=16\); (**c**) receive beamforming \(\mathbf{w}_{1}^{(1)}\) for BS-user pair \((1,1)\) for the non-cooperation scenario; and (**d**) compromise superposition receive beam \(\bar{\mathbf{w}}_{1}\) at BS-1.  
We assume, each user transmits orthogonal pilots in uplink during the training phase, from which, each BS independently scans through the set of receive beams \(\mathbf{w}_{b}\in\mathcal{W}_{b}\)\(\forall b\). Without loss of generality, we adopt DFT codebook based analog beam training. Then, analog beamforming codebook of BS \(b\) is with the cardinality of \(|\mathcal{W}_{b}|=N_{R}\), \(\forall b\). Each analog beam during the beam training phase is assumed to be estimated from four OFDM pilot symbol, where each symbol is spread over 127 equally spaced sub-carriers (inspired by the synchronization signal block (SSB) numerology in 5G NR [29]). Therefore, with \(|\mathcal{W}_{b}|=16\), each frame will have a training overhead \(T_{t}=64\) symbols, while the reminder of duration is reserved for communication.  
Unless stated otherwise, we assume \(K=2\) with the random user distribution, each user with its own channel properties, such as channel gains with the path loss exponent \(\theta=2\) and AoA with respect to each BS. For simplicity, both users are assumed to have the same maximum uplink transmit power, i.e., \(P_{k}=P_{t}\)\(\forall k\), which is equally divided among all sub-carriers. An example system model is illustrated in Figure 3 for \(P_{t}=10\) dBm. All simulation results are averaged over 5000 random channel realizations.