## 3 3D DIC in Blast and Shock Loading
The authors used the 3D DIC to extract the out-of-plane deflection, velocities and in-plane strain at the centre point of the three panels. All of the panels exhibited the same surface velocity (35 m/s) for the initial component of the response, though panels (i) and (ii) exhibited higher deflection than panel (iii). It also showed that panels (i) and (ii) showed similar deflection trends until panel (ii) failed through delamination and fibre failure. All three panels showed almost the same in-plane strains at the centre point, pointing towards an isotropic behavior in the three panels. Panel (ii) exhibited higher in-lane shear strain, explaining the catastrophic failure in the panel. At the time that panels (i) and (iii) have a velocity of 0 m/s, panel (ii) retained a velocity of 20 m/s [47]. [PERSON] et al. [48] conducted a study to investigate the performance of Hastelloy X under a combination of extreme mechanical and thermal environments. This was accomplished by loading the plates with a shockwave, while heating them to high temperatures. The Hastelloy X plates were 3 mm thick and impacted with a peak pressure of 0.25 MPa and a wave speed of 665 m/s. The plates were heated to 360 \({}^{\circ}\)C, 700 \({}^{\circ}\)C and 900 \({}^{\circ}\)C. The high-speed imagery was captured by three Photron SA1 cameras (Photron USA, Inc., San Diego, CA, USA) running at 30,000 FPS. Two of the cameras were used to conduct 3D DIC and a third perpendicular to the side surface of the specimens to capture the side-view deformation images. The authors show that once a material exceeds a certain temperature, self-radiation of the heated material leads to decorrelation effects in the images, as reported by [PERSON] et al. [49] This is due to the radiated light from the heated material dramatically intensifying the brightness, while decreasing the contrast of the captured image [48]. By using an optical band pass filter and a spatial-domain cross-correlation algorithm developed by [PERSON] et al. [50], [PERSON] et al. were able to obtain images up to 1200 \({}^{\circ}\)C [48]. To maintain the speckle pattern, the authors used a commercially available flame proof paint that is able to sustain temperatures up to 1200 \({}^{\circ}\)C. The authors show that the maximum impulse imparted to the specimen increases by approximately 41% between 25 \({}^{\circ}\)C and 900 \({}^{\circ}\)C. In addition, the maximum deflection also increased with temperature (5.2 mm at 25 \({}^{\circ}\)C compared to 13.5 mm at 900 \({}^{\circ}\)C), but occurs at a later time. [PERSON] et al. were able to divide the structural response into two stages: the first stage where the effects of the boundary conditions are not dominant, and a second stage where the plate is brought to rest by plastic bending and stretching. As the temperature increases and the maximum deflection increases, the maximum in-plane strain values also increase [48]. [PERSON] et al. [51] conducted a study, to show that the use of high-speed 3D DIC and finite element modeling allows for direct identification of the material response, without the need for additional testing. The sample is a 3 mm thick, grade EN AW-1050A H24 aluminium plate. The air blast is created with 40 g of C4 plastic explosive, with a standoff distance of 250 mm. The authors use a pair of Photron Fastcam SA5 high-speed cameras (Photron USA, Inc., San Diego, CA, USA) operating at 25,000 FPS. The authors did not provide any information about what software the authors used to process the high-speed imagery. The free air blast load makes it possible for one to load a plate specimen at different strains and strain rates in different zones. This makes their test suitable for material identification using inverse methods, for which heterogeneous displacement and strain fields are an advantage. Their results show that inverse methods, when combined with 3D DIC, can be successfully used for the determination of the material parameters, as far as complex heterogenous deformation fields are available [51]. [PERSON] et al.