# Mathematics-Driven Analysis of Offshore Green Hydrogen Stations
## 4 Discussion
### Solar Irradiation and Green Hydrogen Station Capacity
In any case, the impact of \(K_{compressor}\) on the output is smaller than that of \(K_{electrolayer_{\_}i}\). Figure 17 illustrates the effect of \(K_{marine}\) on the hydrogen production capacity of the station. As the value of \(K_{marine}\) increases, the value of \(\frac{\text{mol}_{\text{H}_{2}}}{\text{s}\times\text{m}^{2}}\) decreases, while the required \(M_{panels}\) increases. Since higher \(I_{\_}{n\_}{predicted}\) values amplify \(I_{\_}{n\_}{total}\), a greater contribution from reflected radiation reduces the required \(M_{panels}\) for producing the same amount of hydrogen at the station's output. In the case under analysis, an increase in the value of marine surface irregularity, \(K_{marine}\), results in a 5.63% reduction in green hydrogen production capacity and a corresponding 5.63% increase in the photovoltaic surface area required to produce \(1\over 8\) of hydrogen. All previous simulations were conducted under the assumption of a perfect alignment of the photovoltaic panel surface area--specifically, \(\beta_{inclination}\) and \(\beta_{azimuth}\)--with the sun's trajectory [47], ensuring that direct solar radiation is received perpendicularly on the surface of the photovoltaic panels. However, this alignment capability may be affected by unexpected movements resulting from tracking system errors or unforeseen external disturbances [48], such as dynamic external forces resulting from ocean wave motion and wind. The impact of these misalignments on \(I_{\_}{n\_}{total}\) is analyzed through a multivariable parametric simulation, in which the solar panel orientation (\(\beta_{inclination}\), \(\beta_{azimuth}\)) is varied across its full dynamic operating range, Figure 18. The values presented in the referenced figure have been normalized to a \([0,1]\) range. Figure 16: Contribution of compressor efficiency to system performance and photovoltaic panel surface area: (**a**) \(\frac{\text{mol}_{\text{H}_{2}}}{\text{s}\times\text{m}^{2}}\) shown in days–year, (**b**) m\({}^{2}\)@1\(\frac{\text{mol}_{\text{H}_{2}}}{\text{s}}\) shown in days–year. Figure 17: Contribution of marine surface losses to system performance and photovoltaic panel surface area: (**a**) \(\frac{\text{mol}_{\text{H}_{2}}}{\text{s}\times\text{m}^{2}}\) shown in days–year, (**b**) m\({}^{2}\)@1\(\frac{\text{mol}_{\text{H}_{2}}}{\text{s}}\) shown in days–year. As evidenced by the results obtained, a misalignment between the solar trajectory and the inclination of the photovoltaic panels leads to a reduction in \(I_{n\_total}\). Consequently, the greater the expected misalignment, the larger the required photovoltaic surface area--\(M_{panels}\)--must be to offset its impact and ensure sufficient power generation to sustain green hydrogen production. Furthermore, the results show that a given misalignment in the azimuth angle has a significantly greater effect on \(I_{n\_total}\) than an equivalent misalignment in the elevation angle. In this way, the corrected value of \(I_{n\_total}\), accounting for the misalignment between the solar trajectory and the position of the photovoltaic panels, can be obtained by simply multiplying it by the deviation-specific correction factors derived from Figure 18a,b, applied sequentially. These results also enable the determination of the maximum allowable deviation limits that the overall photovoltaic panel structure, fixation system, and control mechanism must withstand, based on the specific case study under consideration.