# A Novel Hybrid Harris Hawk-Arithmetic Optimization Algorithm for Industrial Wireless Mesh Networks
## 1 Introduction
### Arithmetic Optimization Algorithm
The proposed HHAOA technique makes use of all the arithmetic operator combinations, enabling smooth and efficient relocations between local minima without getting stuck. This approach effectively minimizes computational complexity, resulting in a more streamlined process outcome. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Ref.** & **Technique** & **Application** & **Improvements** & **Performance Metrics** & **Comparing Techniques** & **Results** \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{[42]} & \multirow{4}{*}{MOAOA} & Complex & Non-dominated sorting technique and maintains the diversity among the obtained best values & 35 Real-World Multi-objective Problems and 5 unconstrained problems & NSGWO, MOMVO, MOSMA & Best coverage, computational cost, with high efficiency in problem solving \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{[43]} & \multirow{4}{*}{IANN-AOA, IANN-BCMO} & Engineering & \multirow{4}{*}{None} & FGM metal and ceramic materials & AOA, BCMO & Improved damage prediction with high accuracy and better damage quantification \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{[46]} & \multirow{4}{*}{DAOA} & \multirow{4}{*}{Real-world problems} & Improved the convergence ability of AOA with better balancing between the phases & Nature and CT COVID-19 images & AO, WOA, SSA, AOA, PSO, MPA, DE & Improved results than comparing techniques, effective-segmented images, PSNR, and SSIM values \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{[47]} & \multirow{4}{*}{DESMAOA} & \multirow{4}{*}{Complex engineering problems} & Random contraction, subtraction and addition strategies to expand the search regions to increase accuracy & 23 benchmark functions and 3 engineering problems & SMA, AOA, GWO, SSA, MVO, PSO & Outperforms other optimization algorithms in terms of speed and accuracy with better local minima switching \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{[48]} & \multirow{4}{*}{AOA} & MPC Controller tuning & Reconfigured switching techniques for each phases & Automatic voltage regulator & ABC, FSA, MOEO, NSGA-II &
\begin{tabular}{} \end{tabular} \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{[49]} & \multirow{4}{*}{IAOA} & Complex engineering problems & Forced switching mechanism to avoid local minima trapping & 23 benchmark functions and 10 CEC2020 test functions & PSO, SCA, GWO, WOA, SSA, MVO & Better optimization performance in terms of speed and accuracy with better local minima switching \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{[50]} & \multirow{4}{*}{nAOA} & Real-world engineering applications & Distributive mathematical operators to enhance the performance & 30 benchmark functions and 3 engineering problems & SA, SCA, GWO, AOA, CPSOGSA, GSA & Better performance during different test problems by position relocation \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{[51]} & \multirow{4}{*}{AOA} & Fuzzy-PID Controller tuning & None & Interconnected power system & TBLO, AOA & Desired performance in variable load, uncertain and offers better contingency \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{[52]} & \multirow{4}{*}{dAOA} & \multirow{4}{*}{Real-world engineering applications} & Chaotic theory to improve the local minima relocation and convergence speed & \multirow{4}{*}{Proton exchange membrane fuel cell} & \multirow{4}{*}{COA, ALO, WOA, AOA} & Reliable and accurate with less training error for the developed machine learning model \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{[53]} & \multirow{4}{*}{AOAGA} & \multirow{4}{*}{Real-world engineering and complex datasets} & Hybridizing GA to improve the searching abilities without compromising on algorithm speed & Several benchmark and two real-world problems & SMA, HHO, SA, MVO, SSA, MFO, and features and classification accuracy \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 2: Summary of different modifications of the AOA technique. To achieve a better convergence rate and reach the desired optimal solution location, the proposed optimization was simulated and validated using 33 different benchmark functions. * The proposed technique was implemented to enhance nodes' placement and mitigate congestion in wireless mesh networks (WMNs).