# Sustainability Audit of University Websites in Poland:
## 4 Results  
### Descriptive Statistics  
The analysis involved 63 websites of Polish universities. The mean value of the EcoImpact Score, which integrates CO\({}_{2}\) emissions, asset size, and basic SEO parameters, was 66.41/100, with relatively low variability (SD = 1.57). In comparison, the average Ecograder Score was 42.57 (SD = 11.14), and the Kastor Global Score was 57.68 (SD = 7.91). This suggests a substantial diversification in scores depending on the measurement tool (Table 3). The mean estimated CO\({}_{2}\) emission value per page load was 3.16 g (SD = 3.47) according to Ecograder and 2.52 g (SD = 3.85) according to Kastor. The minimums were 0.28 g and 0.15 g, respectively, while the maximums exceeded 8 g of CO\({}_{2}\). These numbers confirm the substantial emissions interval in the sample and the occurrence of websites with environmental impacts much above the average. Regarding asset size, the average website size was 8.18 MB, according to Ecograder (SD = 8.91), and 7.70 MB, according to Digital Beacon (SD = 8.29), which is significantly above the recommended value for energy-efficient websites (<3 MB). The smallest website was 0.69 MB, while the largest ones exceeded 25 MB, reaching up to 48.72 MB. The values of the first and third quartiles (3.51 MB and 9.67 MB, respectively, according to Ecograder) indicate that a substantial group of websites exceed the recommended low-emission thresholds. This diversity suggests significant differences in the structure and level of optimisation of the websites. The sustainability and emission scores are distributed asymmetrically, which calls for further cluster analysis and inter-cluster comparisons. The histograms with density curves reveal significant differences among environmental and technical indicators (Figure 1). The distribution of the EcoImpact Score is slightly left-skewed, indicating that most websites scored between 60 and 75. This result suggests a moderate conformity with sustainable design principles. A small number of websites fared clearly worse. None reached high eco-design conformity above 90 points. Data from both Ecograder and Kastor indicate that, for some websites, the results fall far short of the recommended thresholds, suggesting a potential adverse environmental impact. The histograms show the overall data point distribution and outliers, which are particularly noticeable in the cases of the website size (MB) and CO\({}_{2}\) emissions. This distribution can reflect the diversity of levels of sustainability website optimisation in the institutions. The page size (MB) chart is clearly skewed to the right, with some outliers exceeding 30 MB or even 40 MB. These results show significant differences in asset size optimisation approaches across the universities. Some websites are well-optimised, while others are burdened with excessive assets. Carbon emissions follow similar distributions. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Descriptive** & **Ecograder** & **Ecograder** & **Ecograder** & **Digital** & **Bacon** & **Digital** & **Digital** \\
**Statistic** & **Score** & **Emissions (g)** & **Assets (MB)** & **Emissions (g)** & **Eacon CO\({}_{2}\)** & **Beacon Size** \\ \hline mean & 42.57 & 3.16 & 8.18 & 1.94 & 2.87 & 7.70 \\ \hline SD & 11.14 & 3.47 & 8.91 & 2.08 & 3.12 & 8.29 \\ \hline min. & 24 & 0.28 & 0.69 & 0.18 & 0.255 & 0.68 \\ \hline
25\% & 35.5 & 1.36 & 3.505 & 0.88 & 1.235 & 3.37 \\ \hline
50\% & 41 & 2.14 & 5.53 & 1.41 & 1.982 & 5.28 \\ \hline
75\% & 48.5 & 3.395 & 9.67 & 2.09 & 2.9235 & 8.48 \\ \hline max. & 75 & 18.99 & 48.72 & 13.12 & 17.469 & 46.5 \\ \hline
**Descriptive** & **Kastor Global** & **Kastor** & **Kastor Page** & **Eoad** & **EcoImpact** & **Lighthouse** & **RankMath** \\
**Statistic** & **Score** & **Score** & **Emissions (g)** & **Score** & **SEO Score** & **SEO Score** \\ \hline mean & 57.68 & 45.43 & 2.52 & 66.41 & 91.21 & 62.51 \\ \hline SD & 7.91 & 9.68 & 3.85 & 1.57 & 8.41 & 8.82 \\ \hline min.