## 3 Vitamin A, Its Vitaminoids and Carotenoids' General Profile and Health Benefits
### Vitamin A, Vitaminoids, and Carotenoids from Microorganism Sources
\begin{tabular}{c} **Hypothesis–** \\ **Intervention** \\ **(Type of Study)** \\ \end{tabular}  } & \multirow{2}{*}{**Study Design–Parameters**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**Results–Observed Benefits**} & \multirow{2}{*}{ \begin{tabular}{c} **Naticonsetic, and/or** \\ **under Conactic** \\ **Application** \\ \end{tabular}  } & \multirow{2}{*}{ \begin{tabular}{c} **Year** \\ **Study** \\ \end{tabular}  } & \multirow{2}{*}{ \begin{tabular}{c} **References** \\ **Application** \\ \end{tabular}  } \\  & & & & & & & & \\ \hline \hline \multirow{9}{*}{Microbrace} & \multirow{9}{*}{\ \begin{tabular}{c} **Autors** \\ **Latars** (Q24) \\ \end{tabular}  } & \multirow{9}{*}{
\begin{tabular}{c} **Autors** \\ **probotics** \\ **containes** \\ **overview** \\ **  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Method** & **Microorganism** & **Type of Vitamin A** & \ \begin{tabular}{c} **Hypothesis–** \\ **Ideversion** \\ **(Type of Study)** \\ \end{tabular}  & **Study Design–Parameters** & **Results–Observed Benefits** & \begin{tabular}{c} **Noticosmetictic, and** \\ **Cosmmertical,** \\ **and/Cosmmertical** \\ **Application** \\ \end{tabular}  & **Year** & **References** \\ \hline \multirow{9}{*}{_Nocchovirus_ _schedurbans_} & &  
Recent Advances in the Delivery Systems of Vitamin A and Its Derivatives in Nutziosmetics, Cosmeceuticals, and Cosmetics Applications  
Vitamin A, retinoids, and carotenoids are incorporated into a variety of formulations for topical, oral, and injectable applications, depending on their intended use in nutticosmetics, cosmeceuticals, and cosmetics. Considering vitamin A and retinoids in topical formulations, creams and serums containing retinol, retinal, and tretinoin are commonly included in anti-aging and acne treatment products as stabilizers against oxidation and as agents for skin penetration enhancement [111; 242]. Similarly, carotenoids, including \(\beta\)-carotene, lutein, or lycopene, have been utilized in topical creams and lotions for photo-protection and antioxidant benefits enhancement, which are best achieved when such formulations use liposomes, nanoemulsions, or microencapsulation for stability and better skin delivery [15; 243]. Apart from creams and serums, retinol and retinoids have also been utilized in higher concentrations in gels and ointments for conditions like psoriasis and severe acne [244; 245], while they have been incorporated in microneedle patches able to deliver them into deeper skin layers [246]. Oral vitamin A and retinoid supplementation is accomplished by the consumption of capsules, soft gels, or tablets that are comprised of retinyl esters or retinol for systemic benefits, including addressing vitamin A deficiency or enhancing skin and eye health [11; 247; 248]. Furthermore, injectable retinol-based formulations are also preferred during vitamin A deficiency [21; 74]. Following vitamin A supplementation, nutraceuticals in the form of capsules or powders contain carotenoids like \(\beta\)-carotene, lutein, zeaxanthin, or lycopene as dietary supplements and nutticosmetics for skin protection, eye health, and antioxidant support [53; 249]. Functional foods and beverages infused with carotenoids such as astaxanthin or lycopene for oral consumption have been confirmed as well to be great antioxidants, anti-prolifatives, and anti-aging agents [250; 251]. However, the increase in the resilience and complications of several disorders has called for the improvement in the delivery systems of both vitamin A and its derivatives. Advanced delivery systems include formulations tailored to the bioavailability, stability, and specific health benefits of the active compounds, ensuring their efficacy across a range of applications. Retinol, retinoids, and carotenoids have been incorporated in nanocarries like nanoemulsions and liposomes as nanoscale delivery systems so as to enhance stability, skin absorption, and targeted delivery [15].