## 7 Conclusions  
Additive manufacturing (AM) in Industry 4.0 presents new opportunities for design and manufacturing, allowing for on-site fabrication of customized products. AM capabilities are integral to the Fourth Industrial Revolution, enabling flexible manufacturing processes that can swiftly adapt to individualized mass production while maintaining high quality. This change in how things are made will greatly change the roles played by customers, manufacturers, and designers. Numerous industries, including aerospace, architecture, medicine, and the automobile sector, have benefited from additive manufacturing. AM stands out from conventional manufacturing techniques by enabling the creation of more complex structures, enhancing efficiency, and allowing for customized designs that are better for the environment. Consequently, AM is moving past just making prototypes to include the production of final and replacement parts. However, AM is still developing and needs more research to reduce the costs of materials and machines, improve printing \begin{table}
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**Concept** & **Definition** \\ \hline Complex geometry & Complex forms and intricate structures that may not be possible to create using conventional manufacturing techniques can now be produced thanks to additive manufacturing technology. This opens up new options for design and makes it possible to make components that are light but still have good performance. \\ \hline Sustainability & 3D printing could cut down on material waste by using only what is necessary for making a product, thus reducing unused materials and excess stock. Moreover, by allowing for manufacturing to happen locally, 3D printing could lessen the environmental toll of transport and logistics. \\ \hline Supply chain resilience & Industry 5.0 emphasizes resilience in supply chains, and 3D printing can contribute to this by decentralizing production and reducing reliance on centralized manufacturing facilities. By producing parts and products closer to the point of consumption, companies can mitigate risks associated with disruptions in global supply chains. \\ \hline Design integration & 3D printing technologies are increasingly being integrated with digital design and manufacturing platforms, enabling seamless collaboration between digital design tools, simulation software, and additive manufacturing hardware. This digital integration enhances efficiency, accuracy, and quality in the manufacturing process. \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
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Table 6: _Cont._methods, and become self-reliant. The future of making things depends on technological progress, improvements in processes, and updating existing manufacturing systems [42]. The basics of additive manufacturing: The fundamentals of additive manufacturing are outlined by the ISO/ASTM 52900:2021 standard, which standardizes 3D printing techniques and offers a structured way to comprehend additive manufacturing (AM/3 DP) technologies. This standard identifies seven primary categories: binder jetting, direct energy deposition, material extrusion, material jetting, powder bed fusion, sheet lamination, and vat photopolymerization, ensuring uniform language use throughout related documents. Each technology is tailored for specific applications, eliminating debates over superiority. Furthermore, the evolution of 3D printing extends beyond prototyping, with these technologies now being utilized to produce a diverse array of products. Used in a variety of industries, including the aerospace, automotive, medical, construction, electronics, and food industries, 3D printing (3 DP) is a flexible and cutting-edge production technique. It utilizes high-quality materials like metals, ceramics, composites, polymers, and hybrids to produce fully functional objects. Core materials determine the main characteristics of printed parts, while supporting materials assist in complex printing tasks.