## 2 Materials and Methods  
The discussed case of hard coal exploitation is located in the Upper Silesian Coal Basin, in the southern part of Poland, near the town of Rybnik. The location of the exploitation region has been shown in Figure 1.  
Exploitation of the 405/1 hard coal seam in February 2019, on a medium depth of 550 m and at a height of 1.7 m, has been started. The '1/II' longwall was conducted, and its deviation from the horizon was 18\({}^{\circ}\). Extraction in a longwall ended in September 2019. It is worth mentioning that the 404/3 and 404/5 hard coal seams exploitation had been conducted before the exploitation of the 405/1 hard coal seam started. Exploitation of the 404 seam took place in the years of 2013-2018, and it was carried out with the use of the longwall system with a roof rocks cave in. The 404/3 coal seam was exploited by use of two longwalls numbered '1/II' and '2/II'. The longwalls had a height of 4.0 m and 3.4 m, and their depth was from 410 m on the east to 575 m on the west. The seam dip had a value of 17\({}^{\circ}\). The '1/II' longwall was conducted from May to December 2013 and the '2/II' longwall from August 2016 to February 2017. Exploitation of the 404/5 coal seam started in November 2015 by the '1/II' longwall which was conducted at a height of 3.3 m and on a depth of 470 m. Extraction of a hard coal from this longwall finished in June 2016. The second longwall, named '2/II', was exploited from October 2017 to April 2018. The excavation had a height of 3.5 m and was located at a depth of 550 m. The inclination of this hard coal seam was 18.5\({}^{\circ}\). Basic information about the extraction of hard coal from the 404 and 405 seams has been presented in Table 1.  
In the area of this exploitation, a rock mass was formed by layers of overburden composed of sands, gravels, Quaternary clays, clays, and Miocene sands with a total thickness of approx. 220 m, and Orzesze layers formed in the form of a shale-sandstone facies with a definite predominance of shales. Influences of exploitation were observed on the surface of the mining area and in the residential building. The land development consists of loose single-family housing in the northern part of the region; arable fields, meadows, and escarpments in the central and the southern part; family allotment gardens in the south-western part, and technical infrastructure \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Characteristic** & **The 404/3 Seam** & **The 404/5 Seam** & **The 405/1 Seam** \\ \hline Number of longwall & 1/II & 2/II & 1/II & 2/II & 1/II \\ Time of exploitation & May 2013– & August 2016– & November 2015– & October 2017– & February 2019– \\ December 2013 & February 2017 & June 2016 & April 2018 & September 2019 \\ Depth of exploitation (m) & 410–500 & 50–575 & 430–510 & 500–600 & 495–605 \\ Height of longwalls (m) & 4.0 & 3.4 & 3.3 & 3.5 & 1.7 \\ Deviation (\({}^{\circ}\)) & 17.0 & & 18.5 & 18.0 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 1: Characteristics of exploitation of the 404 and 405 hard coal seams in the years 2013–2019. Figure 1: Location of an exploitation region on a map of: (**a**) Europe; (**b**) Poland. (roads, land utilities networks, poles of the medium-voltage power grid) in the whole area. Development of the terrain surface has been presented in Figure 2.  
The building is located to the north of the exploitation and in the fault zone, i.e., in the region where numerous discontinuous linear deformations have occurred (the yellow circle in Figure 2a). It has the shape of a square with a side length of 13 m, with a small cut in the south-eastern part. The building has one overground storey and is 9.5 m high. It was made with traditional technology from bricks and has a load-bearing wall structure. The entrance to the building is on the north side. Three garages are located perpendicular to the building (Figure 2b).