## 1 Introduction  
Bulk metallic glass materials have attracted significant scientific and technological interests as both structural and functional materials [1; 2; 3; 4; 5; 6]. This interest is largely due to their outstanding mechanical properties and excellent corrosion resistance, which are attributed to the absence of long-range order and defects such as point defects, dislocations, and stacking faults [2; 7]. The tensile strength of Al-based amorphous alloys is often 2-3 times higher than that of conventional Al crystalline alloys [2; 4; 6; 7; 8; 9]. Al-based amorphous alloys with high Al contents (>80 at.%) are promising candidates for structural applications because of their high specific strength at room temperature, low density, and excellent corrosion resistance [10; 11; 1]. There are two kinds of Al-based amorphous alloys such as aluminum-early transition metal-late transition metal-late transition metal (Al-ETM-LTM) and aluminum-late transition metal-rate earth (Al-LTM-RE), where LTM (Fe, Co, Ni, Cu), ETM (Ti, V, Cr, Mn), and RE (Y, Ce, La) are early transition metals, late transition metals, and rare earth elements, respectively [10]. The Al-LTM-RE alloys have a higher glass-forming ability (GFA) in comparison with Al-ETM-LTM alloys [12; 13]. Additionally, most of the amorphous aluminum-transition metal-rare earth (Al-RE-TM) alloys are paramagnetic. However, certain Al-based glasses exhibit diverse magnetic behaviors, including diamagnetism, frustration, spin-glass behavior, and superparamagnetism. These unique properties make these alloys suitable for industrial applications, such as protective coatings, and for use in the electronics industry [14]. Mechanical alloying (MA) and rapid quenching (RQ) techniques are widely recognized as the predominant methods for preparing amorphous alloys, as evidenced by various studies [2; 3; 4; 5; 6; 7; 8; 9; 15; 16; 17; 18]. For instance, [PERSON] et al. successfully produced a completely amorphous structure of Al\({}_{86}\)Ce\({}_{10}\)Fe\({}_{4}\) using the melt-spinning RQ technique. This process involved rapid quenching at speeds around 40 m/sin a high-purity helium environment, resulting in ribbons with a thickness of 40 \(\upmu\)m and a width of 4 mm [19]. However, achieving amorphization typically requires high cooling rates, ranging from 10\({}^{5}\) to 10\({}^{6}\) K/s, to prevent the crystalline-phase formation. Amorphous materials are generally categorized into two groups: conventional forms like thin ribbons [9; 20; 21] and bulk amorphous materials, which are more than 100 \(\upmu\)m thick and can vary in shape, including rods, tubes, plates, etc. [22]. In comparison, the powder metallurgy technique, especially MA, provides certain advantages over RQ methods. MA can be conducted at room temperature and is particularly effective for producing amorphous alloys in powder form. These powders are conducive to being easily consolidated into bulk samples. Additionally, high-energy ball-milling, a key aspect of MA, has been employed for creating a range of materials, including nanocomposite materials, amorphous alloys, quasicrystalline alloys, and high-entropy alloys. This is achieved by milling elemental or compound powders in an inert atmosphere, as demonstrated in various studies [18; 23; 24; 25; 26]. In the milling process, under the impact of colliding balls, a mixture of powders undergoes plastic deformation, cold-welding, and fracture, repeatedly leading to a reduction in the particle size and obtaining a desirable structural phase [15; 16; 27; 28; 29; 30]. Powdered aluminum-based amorphous alloys are utilized in a variety of applications that demand high strength, durability, wear resistance, and light weight. These alloys are integral in the production of diverse industrial and commercial products, including robot parts, tooling, molds, fishing reels, bicycle gears, and wheelchair components [31; 32].