## 5 Standard Gait Model of the Elderly Using Dimensionless Numbering Coefficients in South Korea  
### Derivation of the Standard Gait Model of the Elderly in South Korea  
The mean values in Table 6 are the average values without a unit, derived from the dimensionless number conversion of the individual gait factors measurements. To implement the mean values to the design of pedestrian facilities and to determine how the elderly with the average walking capacity and physical size walk, the unit by gait factor was re-applied based on the standard physical measurements. To this end, this study conducted the inverse operation of the applied dimensionless number conversion equation, which was used for the standardization, to derive the final value by the standardized gait factor. For example, the mean (\(  
As a result of comparing the control group in their 20s from a previous study with the results from this study, it was inferred that the gait capacity of the elderly was approximately 78% of the control group. In particular, the gait speed was very low, at 68% of that of the normal people. When the crossroad signal decision time (1.0 m/s) is applied, this means that the elderly may not be able to cross an entire crossroad within the given time despite having the general gait capacity and physical conditions. Considering the step length (87%) and stride length (78%), wide projections or low steps which normal adults could easily pass may cause difficulty for the elderly. In the case of the male elderly, the step width was wider than that of the normal adults, and the cadence was approximately 104%, with a small increase in the number of small steps.  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c} \hline \hline  & **Gender** & **Sample Size** & **D.N. Mean** & **Standardized Value** &
\begin{tabular}{c} **Comparison Value** \\ **(Average of Measured)** \\ \end{tabular} \\ \hline Gait speed (cm/s) & male & 40 & 0.25 & 100.29 & 100.23 \\  & female & 37 & 0.24 & 92.08 & 94.84 \\  & total & 77 & 0.24 & 93.82 & - \\ \hline Step length (cm) & male & 40 & 0.32 & 52.54 & 53.68 \\  & female & 37 & 0.31 & 46.56 & 48.37 \\  & total & 77 & 0.32 & 49.89 & - \\ \hline Stride length (cm) & male & 40 & 0.65 & 106.73 & 107.71 \\  & female & 37 & 0.65 & 97.63 & 100.91 \\  & total & 77 & 0.65 & 101.35 & - \\ \hline Step width (cm) & male & 40 & 0.08 & 13.14 & 12.66 \\  & female & 37 & 0.07 & 10.51 & 11.42 \\  & total & 77 & 0.07 & 10.91 & - \\ \hline Cadence (step/min) & male & 40 & 0.77 & 112.87 & 112.32 \\  & female & 37 & 0.75 & 114.95 & 112.46 \\  & total & 77 & 0.76 & 114.32 & - \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}
Table 7: Standard gait model of the elderly in South Korea.  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c} \hline \hline  & **Gender** & **This Study** &
\begin{tabular}{c} **Previous Study**[20] \\ **Standardization Result** \\ \end{tabular} \\ \hline Gait speed (cm/s) & male & 100.29 & 100.23 & \\  & female & 92.08 & 94.84 & 91.86 & 137.30 \\  & total & 93.82 & - & & \\ \hline Step length (cm) & male & 52.54 & 53.68 & \\  & female & 46.56 & 48.37 & 49.61 & 57.10 \\  & total & 49.89 & - & & \\ \hline Stride length (cm) & male & 106.73 & 107.71 & \\  & female & 97.63 & 100.91 & 100.87 & 129.80 \\  & total & 101.35 & - & & \\ \hline Step width (cm) & male & 13.14 & 12.66 & \\  & female & 10.51 & 11.42 & 11.78 & 12.00 \\  & total & 10.91 &