# Deployment Strategy of Shore-Based Cooperative Units for the Internet of Inland Vessels
## 1 Introduction
Shore-based mobile communication networks, relying on architectures such as cellular networks and wireless local area networks, facilitate maritime communication in nearshore and inland waterways, offering services to vessels within a certain range, and possessing advantages of security, stability, and high bandwidth [13]. Regarding the coverage issue in inland waterway communication, [PERSON] [14] analyzed the equipment status of AIS ship stations in inland waterway navigation areas, identified characteristics of communication coverage blind spots for AIS shore-based systems, and proposed solutions such as deploying small AIS receiving stations to address this problem. To tackle the issue of 4G mobile network signal blind spots in inland waterways leading to potential signal interruptions for vessels at critical moments, the utilization of both the 4G mobile network and BeiDou short message communication methods was suggested [15]. Furthermore, a 4G signal strength detection module and communication mode switching algorithm were designed to ensure continuous communication for vessels navigating inland waterways. In response to the intelligent navigation requirements for vessels in the Yangtze River waterway, [PERSON] [16] proposed a solution that integrated 4G and satellite communication technologies to achieve integrated ship-shore data fusion communication for direct navigation between rivers and seas. The SeaFi project [17] employs WiFi technology to transfer large-scale data from ships to shore or vice versa, aiming to address data transmission challenges in ship-shore communication. By establishing an unmanned surface vehicle platform, integrating devices including WiFi communication and satellite-based global positioning system (GPS) signals, a network with a land-based control center was constructed. With the rapid growth of communication service demands, wireless communication networks are evolving toward heterogeneity, which aids in addressing complex communication scenarios, achieving resource sharing among different networks, managing interference, and enhancing the system capacity. However, resource allocation issues in heterogeneous networks have concurrently become critical technical challenges in resource management. In dense HetNets, spectrum resource allocation is one of the most significant challenges. This issue involves partitioning a segment of spectrum resources into multiple smallest resource units such as subcarriers or physical resource blocks and then allocating these resources to users in the system to meet their rate requirements while minimizing the interference as much as possible. [PERSON] [18] proposed a strategy to reduce interference including power control and channel allocation. However, further research is needed on how to reduce the time complexity while ensuring performance. [PERSON] [19] proposed a distributed iterative algorithm that maximizes the overall efficiency of all base stations/access points while guaranteeing terminal quality of service, which is applicable to various heterogeneous network scenarios. In heterogeneous networks, users can choose different levels of base stations for access compared to traditional single networks. The selection of access points is an important issue; for example, in 4G mobile communication networks, the signal reception strength is typically defined as the criterion for user access to base stations. [PERSON] [20] studied the access selection problem of users at different hierarchical base stations in heterogeneous networks and proposed an access strategy, but this strategy overlooks resource allocation issues and considers limited factors. Therefore, to achieve optimal overall system performance, both spectrum resource allocation and user access issues should be considered together. Regarding the allocation of communication resources in maritime traffic systems, [PERSON] et al.