# Modeling Heat Consumption of an Office Building During COVID-19 Restrictions
## 4 Results  
Table 3 exemplifies converting the surface area into SH energy demand using the HDD method. To compare, instead of the ordinary degree day method, [PERSON] et al. [2] calculated the total monthly SH energy consumption of an office building using the EnergyPlus model. Table 4 shows an example of calculating the DHW energy consumption of an office building. There was no heat demand for daily average outdoor temperatures above 12 \({}^{\circ}\)C when the space heating season was expected to end (Table 5). \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Area Name** & **Number of Occupants** & **Average Consumption** & **Heat Load** & **Distribution** \\  & & **[/s]** & **[kW]** & **Efficiency [\%]** \\ \hline \multicolumn{5}{c}{Basement} \\ Storage room & n/a & n/a & n/a & n/a \\ Technical rooms & n/a & n/a & n/a & n/a \\ Ground floor & & & & \\ Main offices & 5 & 0.0070 & 0.180 & 80\% \\ Dining room & 3 & 0.0035 & 0.101 & 95\% \\ Auxiliary offices & 4 & 0.0044 & 0.161 & 75\% \\ Exhibition hall & 1 & 0.0017 & 0.039 & 75\% \\ Hallway/Stairwell & n/a & n/a & n/a & n/a \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 4: DHW consumption for some spaces of the ground floor and the basement. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Scenarios/Factors Considered** & **TRVs** & **Solar Radiation** & **Wind** & **Night/Day Setback [\({}^{\circ}\)C]** & **Indoor Temperature** \\  & & & & & **Feedback** \\ \hline \#1 (Indoor temperature feedback) & no & no & no/no & yes \\ \#2 (Solar insolation) & no & yes & no & no/no & no \\ \#3 (Night setbacks) & no & no & no & by 4\({}^{\circ}\)C/no & no \\ \#4 (TRVs) & yes & no & no & no/no & no \\ \#5 (Thermal inertia) & no & no & no & by 4 \({}^{\circ}\)C/fixed to 14 \({}^{\circ}\)C & no \\ \#6 (Wind) & no & no & yes & no/no & no \\ All the scenarios implemented & yes & yes & yes & by 4 \({}^{\circ}\)C/fixed to 14 \({}^{\circ}\)C & yes \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 2: Summary of the scenarios. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Area Name** & **Floor Area** & **Degree Days** & **Corrected Degree** & **Equivalent Full Load** & **Length of Day** & **Corrected Equivalent** & **SH Energy Demand** \\  & **[m2]** & **Days** & **Days** & **[h]** & **Correction** & **Full Load [h]** & **[kWh/Year]** \\ \hline \multicolumn{5}{c}{Basement} \\ Storage room & 3750 & 2314 & 3008 & n/a & 1.04 & n/a & n/a \\ Technical rooms & n/a & n/a & n/a & n/a & n/a & n/a \\ \multicolumn{5}{c}{Ground floor} \\ Main offices & 104 & 2314 & 3008 & 3008 & 1.04 & 3129 & 12,866 \\ Dining room & 52 & 2314 & 3008 & 3008 & 1.04 & 3129 & 6414 \\ Auxiliary offices & 40 & 2314 & 3008 & 3008 & 1.04 & 3129 & 5517 \\ Exhibition hall & 66 & 2314 & 3008 & 3008 & 1.04 & 3129 & 88,613 \\ Hallway/Stairwell & 18 & n/a & n/a & n/a & n/a & n/a \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 3: Assessing SH energy consumption for each area with the help of the HDD method. The month with the highest heat consumption was December, with a total SH heat consumption of 118.3 MWh, accounting for 18.5% of annual demand at 641.1 MWh. In general, energy consumption was much higher in the winter months, while consumption dropped to zero from May to September, when there was no SH service. The DHW demand was assumed to be almost constant during the year, while SH varied monthly. That was a simplification while, in real life, it depended on the temperature of cold water. With such a large outdoor temperature variability, the cold tap water temperature also changed. Consequently, the heat input per unit of volume (kWh/m\({}^{3}\) or GJ/m\({}^{3}\)) depended on the outdoor temperature. However, occupant behavior had a much larger impact on the DHW-related components of heat consumption. For the considered building, the peak heat consumption for DHW was just under 1.3 kW and happened between 11:00 and 12:00 when employees had a lunch pause. After, an evening peak of up to 2 kW occur, corresponding to the cleansing activities.