## 3 Conclusions  
Innovations in acoustic materials and panel design, particularly those involving wood composites and bio-based materials, offer significant potential for sustainable, high-performance solutions. Their strengths are environmental friendliness, excellent acoustic \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c} \hline \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Advantages of Bio-Fiber and Wood Composites Using Mineral Binders.**} \\ \hline Environmental Sustainability & Utilizes renewable and waste materials (e.g., hemp shives, flax wool, sawdust, rice husks), reducing reliance on non-renewable resources. \\ \multirow{2}{*}{Environmental Sustainability} & Low carbon footprint and reduced energy consumption during production and operation. \\ \multirow{2}{*}{Environmental Sustainability} & Promotes circular economy by repurposing agricultural and industrial waste. \\ \multirow{2}{*}{Environmental Sustainability} & Mineral binders (e.g., cement, lime, MOC) enhance fire resistance compared to purely organic materials. \\ \multirow{2}{*}{Environmental Sustainability} & Materials like arbolite smolder rather than burn, improving safety in construction. \\ \multirow{2}{*}{Environmental Sustainability} & Good compressive strength (e.g., 1–10 MPa for sawdust concrete, up to 8 MPa for low-density wood–cement particleboards). \\ \multirow{2}{*}{Fire Resistance} & Flexibility in adjusting density and strength by varying binder-to-filler ratios. \\ \multirow{2}{*}{Mechanical Properties} & Materials like hemp–lime and arbolite contribute to a healthy indoor environment by regulating humidity and temperature. \\ \multirow{2}{*}{Mechanical Properties} & Use of low-cost or waste-derived materials can reduce production costs. \\ \multirow{2}{*}{Mechanical Properties} & Potential for local sourcing of raw materials, minimizing transportation costs. \\ \hline \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Disadvantages of bio-fiber and wood composites using mineral binders.**} \\ \hline Moisture Sensitivity & High hygroscopicity of natural fibers (e.g., hemp shives) can lead to increased thermal conductivity and reduced performance in humid conditions. \\ \multirow{2}{*}{Mechanical Properties} & Some binders (e.g., MOC) have lower water resistance, limiting their use in external structures. \\ \multirow{2}{*}{Durability Aspects} & Natural fibers may degrade due to environmental factors (e.g., moisture, UV exposure). \\ \multirow{2}{*}{Mechanical Properties} & Weak interfacial zones between wood particles and cement matrices can affect long-term durability. \\ \multirow{2}{*}{Low Strength in Some Composites} & Hemp–lime composites have low compressive strength (<1 MPa), limiting their structural applications. \\ \multirow{2}{*}{Slow Hardening} & \multirow{2}{*}{Lime-based binders (e.g., hemp-lime) have slow hardening rates, delaying construction timelines.} \\ \multirow{2}{*}{Material Variability} & Heterogeneous nature of natural fibers and waste materials can lead to inconsistent quality and performance. \\ \multirow{2}{*}{Environmental Impact of Binders} & Portland cement production is energy-intensive and contributes significantly to CO\({}_{2}\) emissions. \\ \multirow{2}{*}{Environmental Impact of Binders} & Alternative binders (e.g., MOC, MPC) may have limitations in water resistance or require additional treatments. \\ \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 7: _Cont._and thermal properties, and versatility. However, challenges related to moisture sensitivity, durability, and material variability must be addressed. Opportunities exist in technological advancements, waste utilization, and expanding markets, while threats include competition from conventional materials and economic barriers. The future of acoustic materials lies in sustainability, innovation, and multi-functionality. Key areas of development include the use of renewable and waste-derived materials, advanced manufacturing techniques, and tunable designs.