# Mathematical Models for Named Data Networking Producer Mobility Techniques: A Review
## 1 Introduction
### Contribution  
Numerous review papers on NDN have been published that focus on various aspects of the NDN architecture, whereas mobility has yet to receive significant emphasis. Previous literature on NDN mobility primarily focused on examining NDN structure and characteristics while neglecting to explore NDN mobility resolutions and outstanding concerns. Over the past five years, a mere 50% of the reviews have addressed NDN mobility. Among the techniques considered, 33.4% pertain to anchor and anchorless approaches. Nevertheless, the scope of these mobility studies was primarily centered on consumer mobility. Therefore, the review papers in question did not address the topic of producer mobility. This article provides an overview of the NDN architecture and its operational aspects, followed by an  
Figure 1: Manuscript Taxonomy.  
examination of producers' mobility strategies. The analysis is based on a review of research publications published from 2018 to 2024. This manuscript provides a complete analysis of the concerns and challenges.  
The subsequent contributions of this manuscript:  
1. Insight into the most relevant recent review publications on mathematical models for NDN producer mobility.
2. Highlighting the recent NDN mobility techniques: the Anchor technique, the Anchor-less technique, and the Rendezvous technique.
3. Discussing the findings and future trends of NDN hybrid mobility in aspects of architecture, features, and security.  
### Contribution  
The NDN paradigm is a highly promising content-centric networking strategy for accommodating mobility. One primary obstacle in NDN is providing adequate mobility support for mobile devices transitioning between different locations while accessing content. Here, the rationale for developing NDN mobility is to facilitate uninterrupted access to content for mobile devices while they transition between different geographical locations. The primary objective of NDN mobility is to enhance the efficacy and effectiveness of content dissemination to mobile devices by mitigating the latency associated with content retrieval and minimizing the volume of content requiring retransmission when a mobile device traverses beyond the network's coverage area. The next objective of NDN mobility is to facilitate effective discovery and retrieval procedures for content on mobile devices. Moreover, the NDN architecture offers enhanced support for content-centric mobility compared to the existing host-centric Internet, as content is assigned specific names and can be stored in several network locations, allowing for efficient caching. Additionally, it can enhance user satisfaction, decrease network congestion, and optimize resource allocation.  
Another motivation relates to the need for a more extensive investigation of NDN producer mobility, which includes many approaches and considerations. Researchers, including Liu et al. [21] and Torres et al. [22], have examined concerns regarding cache handover and scalability solutions. Alternatively, the work by Saxena et al. [23], Shuja et al. [9], and Deebak et al. [24] solely focus on caching and scalability. Regarding mobility issues, the present NDN producer mobility approaches must be sufficient to resolve the cache, energy, handover, scalability, and security challenges connected with NDN producer mobility. Previous academic studies have recorded the impacts of enhancing the effectiveness of proposed strategies for NDN producer mobility; however, there needs to be more focus on improving the energy efficiency of transportation for NDN producers.