## 4 Discussion
For UL, this value reached 7.00 \(\pm\) 0.56 W\(\cdot\)kg\({}^{-1}\), which was 1.79 W\(\cdot\)kg\({}^{-1}\) lower than that obtained for the Polish national team athletes [49]. Team members from Canada [13; 15], Brazil [51] and Great Britain [52] also showed higher values of peak power obtained in the Wingate test performed with the upper limbs. Total work (TW) was 285.27 \(\pm\) 17.73 J\(\cdot\)kg\({}^{-1}\) in the LL test and 173.55 \(\pm\) 13.50 J\(\cdot\)kg\({}^{-1}\) in the UL test. Relative total work (TW J\(\cdot\)kg\({}^{-1}\)) in handball (245.27 \(\pm\) 16.1 J\(\cdot\)kg\({}^{-1}\)), soccer (251.7 \(\pm\) 16.0 J\(\cdot\)kg\({}^{-1}\)) and volleyball players (279.9 \(\pm\) 14.0 J\(\cdot\)kg\({}^{-1}\)) was lower than in the case of the studied judo athletes [50]. According to the standards proposed by [PERSON] and [PERSON], [50], the tested athletes had a high level of relative peak power (RPP) and a very high total work (TW). Given the nature of the work performed by judo athletes in single bouts and the nature of judo tournaments, athletes should exhibit, among others, high glycolytic capacity. During the 30-second version of the Wingate test, the work performed is based on anaerobic processes, which reach 87%, while the contribution of aerobic processes does not exceed 13% [50]. In the first stage, phosphagen sources are used, sufficient for a few seconds of muscle work, and then the processes of anaerobic glycolysis are activated to provide a further portion of energy (anaerobic lactate system). In the judo athletes under study, blood lactate concentration at 3 min after the 30 s anaerobic exercise performed by the LL was, on average, 14.11 \(\pm\) 1.37 mmol\(\cdot\)L\({}^{-1}\), with these values lower compared to Polish team members (18.8 \(\pm\) 2.4 mmol\(\cdot\)L\({}^{-1}\)). The values of maximum blood lactate concentrations after the Wingate test performed with UL and LL were at similar levels. However, when converted per unit of work, they were higher for UL compared to LL efforts. This may indicate a different composition of UL and LL muscle fibres (predominance of type I fibres in leg muscles). In the examination of both male and female combat sports athletes, it was found that the LA-to-MP ratio for both genders was higher for UL compared to LL. This suggests that muscle energy generation in the upper limbs is more dependent on carbohydrate metabolism [53]. The nature of the competitive effort regarding judo athletes requires comprehensive preparation to fight effectively [4]. Popular laboratory tests used to assess physical performance can determine the efficiency of energy processes (phosphagen, glycolytic and aerobic). This gives coaches the opportunity to compare the exercise capacity of athletes and monitor the dynamics of their changes over the training macrocycle. Due to technical limitations, these laboratory tests are generally conducted at room temperature, when the athlete's body is only loaded with endogenous heat. There is little information about the physiological and biochemical responses during such tests at elevated ambient temperatures when the athlete's body must cope with the accumulated heat of exo- and endogenous origin. In light of the available data concerning the effect of environmental conditions on the exercise capacity of the athlete's body, it can be presumed, taking into account that judo tournaments are played not only in a thermoneutral environment (21-23 \({}^{\circ}\)C) but also in an environment with increased temperature (30-33 \({}^{\circ}\)C), that the knowledge of these responses is necessary to develop an optimal program and implement modern training technologies. Based on our previous research, it is known that the thermal factor of exogenous origin affects muscle energy efficiency and fatigue processes during athletic competitions and has a significant impact on the course of a sports fight. In judo athletes, exercise tests are not highly specific, due to the fact that they are most often performed on leg cycle ergometers.