## 3 Method and Model Preparation
### Surface Meteorological Analysis of Taishan Camp in Princess Elizabeth, Antarctica  
In the Princess Elizabeth area, Tai-Shan Camp (76\({}^{\circ}\)56\({}^{\prime}\)54.17\" E, 73\({}^{\circ}\)52\({}^{\prime}\)21\" S) installed an automatic weather station in 2015. The relevant information of sensors and automatic observation modules carried by the meteorological automatic monitoring station are shown in Table 2 (including the manufacturer, region, communication method, and sensor accuracy). The four-blade screw propeller of the wind speed sensor generates the AC sine wave voltage through rotation [6]. The temperature accuracy of the sensing unit EA00 can be detected as 0.5 \({}^{\circ}\)C. Forty-one sensing units collect the ice temperature chain sensor at a distance of 0.5 m. The temperature accuracy is sufficient to provide a good temperature gradient for the layout of the underground energy cabin--the installation location of the automatic weather monitoring station (76\({}^{\circ}\)58\({}^{\prime}\)19.19\({}^{\prime\prime}\) E, 73\({}^{\circ}\)51\({}^{\prime}\)5.25\({}^{\prime\prime}\) S). The on-site installation situation is shown in Figure 3.  
When installing the temperature profile sensor, the snowmobile PB300 (**P**isten **B**ully-**300** Polar) pushed a 5-m snow pit, and then manually performed hot-melt drilling to obtain a 15-m deep snow hole. The ice temperature chain is placed inside the drill hole. The wind speed and direction sensor is located at the height of 3 m from the snow surface, and the ranging sonar sensor is situated at \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Sensors** & **Mode** & \begin{tabular}{c} **Temperature** \\ **Range** \\ \end{tabular} & \
\begin{tabular}{c} **Communication** \\ **Mode** \\ \end{tabular} &
\begin{tabular}{c} **Measurement** \\ **Accuracy** \\ \end{tabular} \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{Wind speed} & 05103-45 R.M.Young, & \(-\)40\(\cdot\)60 \({}^{\circ}\)C & RS-232 & 0.5 m/s \\  & Traverse City, MI, USA & & & \\ \multirow{3}{*}{Wind direction} & 05103-45, R.M.Young, & \(-\)60\(\cdot\)30 \({}^{\circ}\)C & RS-485 & 0.3\({}^{\circ}\) \\  & Traverse City, MI, USA & & & \\ \multirow{3}{*}{Temperature sensor} & DS28 EA00, DALLAS & \(-\)40\(\cdot\)+85 \({}^{\circ}\)C & Single bus & 0.5 \({}^{\circ}\)C \\  & Sunnyvale, CA, USA & & & \\ \multirow{3}{*}{Ranging sonar} & SR50 AL, Campbell Scientific & \(-\)45\(\cdot\)+50 \({}^{\circ}\)C & RS-232 & 0.5 cm \\  & Logan City, Utah, USA & & & \\ \multirow{3}{*}{Pyranometer} & FR-TBQ, Purple Forain & \(-\)20\(\cdot\)+40 \({}^{\circ}\)C & RS-232 & 9.167\(\mu\) \\ \cline{1-1}  & Wuhan, Hu Bei, CHN & & & v/W-m-2 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 2: Sensor information of the automatic weather station. Figure 3: Meteorological observatory deployed in the Antarctic inland during the 2016 Chinese National Antarctic Research Expedition. an altitude of 2 m from the snow surface. Also at this height is the light irradiance sensor, which is installed two at the same height. Our primary concern is the interannual changes of the following two parameters, the temperature of the battery box surface and the voltage of the power supply. It can be seen in Figure 4 that the battery voltage continues to fall during the polar night. Two wind power supplements make the voltage rise back into the perpetual day, and the tension rises to about 14.4 V. During the perpetual day, it can be seen from Figure 4 that the surface temperature of the battery box, the battery voltage, and the range and frequency of light irradiance change are higher than that of the polar night, because the solar radiation intensity changes daily. The point at which each type of data changes from rising to falling represents the most irradiated moment of the day. It can be seen from the data throughout the year that the surface temperature of the battery box has reached -56 \({}^{\circ}\)C.  
The meteorological station of the Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences measures the wind speed and direction 200 m northeast of this weather station.