## 1 Introduction  
Machining is basically a chip formation process in which the excess material on a workpiece is removed using cutting tools [1]. There are important factors that are used to determine the quality increase in the products manufactured using the machining method, including the machine tool, characteristics and coating of the cutting tools, coolant, cutting conditions, cutting speed, depth of cut, and feed of cut that are used. These elements are the parameters that directly affect the quality of the produced material [2]. Choosing the appropriate cutting parameters and cutting tool in machining operations provides important advantages such as high productivity, the desired surface roughness, low costs, and energy efficiency [3, 4]. In machining processes, because of the wear of the cutting tool in various ways, some changes occur as it moves away from the initial conditions. A lack of homogeneity in the structural compositions of the tool and test material could be the origin of changes in the ideal initial conditions. In addition, factors such as the type and amount of tool wear [5], chip shape, fluctuations in cutting forces, and chattering vibrations that occur in the natural course of the process are also factors that disrupt the continuity of the machining and cause unpredictable results [6]. Therefore, it is important to examine many variables such as the wear of cutting tool, surface integrity, cutting tool breakage, cutting temperature, and power consumption in machining operations [7; 8]. Metal cutting is performed because of the movement of the tool and the test material relative to each other. By transferring the energy given to the machine to the cutting tool and test material, the process of chip removal is carried out with linear or circular motions in various axes. For this reason, the cutting speed, feed rate, and depth of cut come to the fore as basic parameters [6]. One of the oldest and most used techniques for metal cutting is turning with a single-point cutting tool. During turning, some of the energy transferred to the machine to remove chips from the material turns into heat energy due to the high cutting speeds and pressure, as well as high temperatures at the tool and workpiece contact points. Although the increase in temperature facilitates deformation, it affects the material properties and accelerates diffusion [9]. Although the main trigger of the generating temperature is the friction force, the shear strength and plastic deformation also have a share in increasing the cutting temperatures. Thanks to the chip, a significant percentage of the heat generated during cutting is removed. However, the spread of a small amount of heat towards the cutting tool and the workpiece affects the material properties and leads to the advancement of various wear mechanisms and wear types on the edge of the cutting tool. Consequently, it is essential to examine the factors that affect the cutting temperatures [10]. In addition to the cutting temperature, the energy savings for machine tools used in a significant part of the production sector in industrial equipment is becoming increasingly important for customers, consumers, industrial equipment, and governments [11]. The power requirements of a machine tool include variable and fixed power components. It has been determined that a machine tool's energy consumption depends on the average power demands and the machining time determined by the cutting parameters. The environmental performance of processing systems may be significantly improved by increasing the energy efficiency of the machines. With the recent increase in energy demands, energy conservation has become a priority in the manufacturing industry. When the effects of the processing parameters on the power consumption have been examined using parameter optimization methods such as the Taguchi, response surface method (RSM), and ANOVA techniques, it has been revealed that up to 40% energy conservation can be achieved by choosing the optimum parameters [12].