## 3 Results
### Cardiorespiratory Variables for Three Dumbbell Exercises (Exercise and Resting Period)  
During exercise, a significant difference was noted for MET (\(p\) = 0.000*), RER (\(p\) = 0.000*-0.002*), and HR (\(p\) = 0.000*-0.025*) for all three exercises between the two groups, respectively, except RER for squat and HR for shoulder press. During the resting period, all of the parameters reached the level of significance (\(p\) = 0.000*-0.036*) between two groups except RPE for shoulder press and deadlift while RER for squat (Table 5).  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Groups** & **Model** & **Parameter** & **Estimate (8)** & **SE** & \begin{tabular}{c} **95\% CI** \\ **(Lower–Upper)** \\ \end{tabular} & \(p\)**-Value** \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{\
\begin{tabular}{c} UTr \\ (n = 5) \\ \end{tabular} } & \multirow{4}{*}{Model 1} & Intercept & 1.971 & 0.232 & 1.517–2.426 & 0.000 \\ \cline{3-6}  & & RER & 0.329 & 0.047 & 0.237–0.422 & 0.000 * \\ \cline{3-6}  & & HR & 0.006 & 0.002 & 0.003–0.009 & 0.000 * \\ \cline{3-6}  & & SBP & 0.008 & 0.001 & 0.007–0.010 & 0.000 * \\ \cline{3-6}  & & DBP & \(-\)0.021 & 0.002 & \(-\)0.024\(\sim\)\(-\)0.017 & 0.000 * \\ \cline{3-6}  & & RPE & 0.034 & 0.011 & 0.013–0.056 & 0.002 * \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{
\begin{tabular}{c} Tr \\ (n = 6) \\ \end{tabular} } & Model 2 & Intercept & 3.610 & 0.116 & 3.383–3.838 & 0.000 \\ \cline{3-6}  & & BL & \(-\)0.001 & 0.001 & \(-\)0.003–0.000 & 0.045 * \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular} UITr, untrained; Tr, trained groups; * indicates a significant difference \(p\) < 0.050. SE, standard error; 95% CI, confidence intervals; QIC, quasi-likelihood under independence model criterion, RER, respiratory exchange ratio; HR, heart rate; SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; BL, blood lactate; RPE, Borg rate of perceived exertion.  
\end{table}
Table 4: Generalized estimating equations for metabolic equivalents (METs) prediction during six training sessions (resting period). (n = 11).  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Groups** & **Model** & **Parameter** & **Estimate (8)** & **SE** & \begin{tabular}{c} **95\% CI** \\ **(Lower–Upper)** \\ \end{tabular} & \(p\)**-Value** \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{\
\begin{tabular}{c} UTr \\ (n = 5) \\ \end{tabular} } & Model 1 & Intercept & 0.443 & 0.527 & \(-\)0.590–1.475 & 0.401 \\  & (QIC 74) & RER & 0.471 & 0.162 & 0.152–0.789 & 0.004 * \\  & & HR & 0.016 & 0.004 & 0.009–0.022 & 0.000 * \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{
\begin{tabular}{c} Tr \\ (n = 6) \\ \end{tabular} } & \multirow{4}{*}{Model 2} & Intercept & 2.894 & 0.920 & 1.092–4.697 & 0.002 \\  & & RER & 0.494 & 0.215 & 0.073–0.915 & 0.021 * \\ \cline{3-6}  & & HR & 0.012 & 0.003 & 0.005–0.018 & 0.001 * \\ \cline{3-6}  & & SBP & \(-\)0.006 & 0.003 & \(-\)0.011–0.000 & 0.033 * \\ \cline{3-6}  & & BL & \(-\)0.008 & 0.002 & \(-\)0.012\(\sim\)\(-\)0.004 & 0.000 * \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular} UITr, untrained; Tr, trained groups; * indicates a significant difference \(p\) < 0.050. SE, standard error; 95% CI, confidence intervals; QIC, quasi-likelihood under independence model criterion, RER, respiratory exchange ratio; HR, heart rate; SBP, systolic blood pressure; BL, blood lactate.  
\end{table}
Table 3: Generalized estimating equations for metabolic equivalents (METs) prediction during six training sessions (exercise period). (n = 11).