## 1 Introduction  
Production is the process aimed at meeting customer demand for a product. It can be categorized into two main types, Make-To-Stock (MTS) and Make-To-Order (MTO), based on the relationship between the producer and the customer [1]. Make-To-Stock (MTS) involves manufacturing products in advance and maintaining an inventory to fulfill customer demand promptly. This approach is commonly used for products with predictable demand, allowing companies to achieve economies of scale through mass production and reduce lead times for customer orders. However, it also requires accurate demand forecasting to avoid overproduction and excess inventory costs. Make-To-Order (MTO), on the other hand, involves producing products directly for customers upon receiving a specific order. This approach is typically employed for customized products or those with less predictable demand. MTO allows companies to offer greater customization and flexibility, as production is initiated only after an order is received, minimizing inventory holding costs. However, it may result in longer lead times for customers due to the production process starting only after order placement. Understanding the distinctions between MTS and MTO is crucial for businesses to align their production strategies with market demand, manage inventory effectively, and optimize operational efficiency. Companies often adopt a hybrid approach, combining elements of both MTS and MTO, to better respond to varying customer needs and market conditions [2, 3]. Make-To-Stock (MTS) production operates by continuously manufacturing products independently of the arrival of job orders. This approach enhances production efficiency by decoupling the production rate from order arrival, allowing for streamlined and consistent production processes. However, it requires accurate demand forecasting and inventory management to avoid overproduction and excess inventory costs. In contrast, Make-To-Order (MTO) production does not maintain inventory and starts manufacturing products only after receiving a job order. While this approach is highly responsive to customer needs and allows for greater customization, it is less efficient in terms of production due to the need to start the manufacturing process only after an order is received. This can lead to longer lead times and potential delays in fulfilling fluctuating demand without relying on stocked inventory. The distinction between MTS and MTO production strategies highlights the importance of manufacturers strategically aligning their production methods with the nature of their products and the demands of their customer base. Utilizing MTS and MTO approaches can significantly impact production efficiency, with each method presenting distinct advantages and drawbacks. In the context of MTS, products are manufactured continuously, independent of incoming job orders. This method enhances efficiency by streamlining production processes; however, to maintain efficiency, the production rate must meet or exceed the order rate. Provisions must also be made to accommodate demand fluctuations within production capacity, which can reduce the overall efficiency of MTS in the face of variable demand patterns. Conversely, in MTO systems, products are manufactured only upon receipt of a specific job order. This method addresses the inefficiencies associated with maintaining high inventory levels to meet periods of peak demand. However, variations in the timing of order arrivals can result in periods of idle production capacity, leading to decreased overall efficiency. [PERSON] et al. [4] introduced a third type of production control alongside pure MTO and MTS: the hybrid MTS-MTO approach. In this system, products are produced and stocked in the initial production stages and serve as components for MTO in the final stages. Recognizing the limitations of each approach, hybrid MTS-MTO production systems have emerged as a solution. These systems aim to optimize machine utilization efficiency while effectively meeting customer demand.