# Voxel-Based Digital Twin Framework for Earthwork Construction
## 4 Implementation of the Proposed System
### Graphical Simulation Environment for Model-Equipment Interaction
#### 4.1.3 Model Integration in Platform
**Institutional Review Board Statement:** Not applicable. **Informed Consent Statement:** Not applicable. **Data Availability Statement:** All the 3D models used in this article can be provided upon request. **Acknowledgments:** During the preparation of this manuscript/study, the authors used ChatGPT 4o for the purposes of English improvement. The authors have reviewed and edited the output and take full responsibility for the content of this publication. **Conflicts of Interest:** The authors declare no conflicts of interest. ## Abbreviations

The following abbreviations are used in this manuscript: \begin{tabular}{l l} TIN & Triangular irregular network \\ TEN & Tetrahedral network \\
3D & Three-dimensional \\ FEM & Finite element method \\ DEM & Discrete element method \\ MPM & Material point method \\ LIDAR & Light detection and ranging \\ IoT & Internet of Things \\ BIM & Building information modeling \\ UTM & Universal Transverse Mercator \\ CAD & Computer-aided design \\ OSM & OpenStreetMap \\ UAV & Unmanned aerial vehicle \\ AMG & Automated machine guidance \\ VR & Virtual reality \\ AR & Augmented reality \\ GIS & Geographic information system \\ AABB & Axis-aligned bounding box \\ NGII & National Geographic Institute of Korea \\ B-rep & Boundary representation \\ LOD & Level of detail \\ GUI & Graphical user interface \\ TS & Total station \\ GPS & Geographic positioning system \\ RTK & Real-time kinematic \\ HMI & Human-machine interface \\ DT & Digital twin \\ DXF & Drawing exchange format \\ \end{tabular} 

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