# Recent Advances in the Antibacterial Activities of _Citrullus_ _Ianatus_ (Watermelon) By-Products
## 4 Antibacterial Activities of _Citrullus Ianatus_ By-Products
### Rind and Peel
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c c} \hline \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**Gram**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Strain of**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**By-Product**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**Solvent**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**Extraction Conditions**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**MIC**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Zone of**} \\  & & & & & **Value** & **Inhibition** & **(mm)** & **Ref.** \\ \hline \(-\) & _Klebsiella exytoca_ & Peel & Methanol & Mechanical shaking for 24 h at RT & 4 & 13 & [9] \\  & & Rind & Methanol & Mechanical shaking for 24 h at RT & 8 & 10.5 & [9] \\ \hline \(+\) & _Lactobacillus_ spp. & Peel & – & – & n.a. & 10 & [95] \\ \hline \(+\) & _L. imocua_ & Peel & Methanol & Mechanical shaking for 24 h at RT & 8 & 9.3 & [9] \\  & & Rind & Methanol & Mechanical shaking for 24 h at RT & 8 & 6.5 & [9] \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{\(-\)} & \multirow{4}{*}{_L. monocytogenes_} & Peel & 80\% Methanol & Stirring for 24 h at 22 \({}^{\circ}\)C & n.a. & 0 & [100] \\  & & Peel & 80\% Acetone & Stirring for 24 h at 22 \({}^{\circ}\)C & n.a. & 13 & [100] \\  & & Peel & 80\% Ethanol & Stirring for 24 h at 22 \({}^{\circ}\)C & n.a. & 19 & [100] \\  & & Peel & Water & Stirring for 24 h at 22 \({}^{\circ}\)C & n.a. & 0 & [100] \\ \hline \(+\) & _Micrococcus_ & Peel & Methanol & Mechanical shaking for 24 h at RT & 8 & 11 & [9] \\  & _Intens_ & Rind & Methanol & Mechanical shaking for 24 h at RT & 16 & 15.5 & [9] \\ \hline \(-\) & _Proteins_ spp. & Peel & Ethanol & Soxhlet extraction for 15 h at 65 \({}^{\circ}\)C & n.a. & 0 & [97] \\  & & Peel & Ethanol & Cold percolation overnight at RT & n.a. & 0 & [97] \\ \hline \(-\) & _P. vulgaris_ & Peel & — & – & n.a. & 26 & [95] \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{\(-\)} & \multirow{4}{*}{_Pseudomonas_} & Peel & 80\% Methanol & Stirring for 24 h at 22 \({}^{\circ}\)C & n.a. & 15 & [100] \\  & & Peel & 80\% Acetone & Stirring for 24 h at 22 \({}^{\circ}\)C & n.a. & 0 & [100] \\  & & Peel & 80\% Ethanol & Stirring for 24 h at 22 \({}^{\circ}\)C & n.a. & 17 & [100] \\  & & Peel & Water & Stirring for 24 h at 22 \({}^{\circ}\)C & n.a. & 0 & [100] \\  & & Rind & Methanol & Maceration for 48 h at RT & 25 & 4.9 & [96] \\  & & Peel & Ethanol & Soxhlet extraction for 15 h at 65 \({}^{\circ}\)C & n.a. & 0 & [97] \\  & & Peel & Ethanol & Cold percolation overnight at RT & n.a. & 0 & [97] \\ \hline \(-\) & _P. fluorescens_ & Peel & Methanol & Mechanical shaking for 24 h at RT & 16 & 8 & [9] \\  & & Rind & Methanol & Mechanical shaking for 24 h at RT & 32 & 7 & [9] \\  & & Rind & Methanol & Maceration for 48 h at RT & 25 & 6.4 & [96] \\ \hline \(-\) & _Salmonella_ & Peel & Methanol & Mechanical shaking for 24 h at RT & 8 & 11 & [9] \\  & _entricia_ & Rind & Methanol & Mechanical shaking for 24 h at RT & 8 & 11.5 & [9] \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{\(-\)} & \multirow{4}{*}{_S. enteritidis_} & Peel & 80\% Methanol & Stirring for 24 h at 22 \({}^{\circ}\)C & n.a. & 0 & [100] \\  & & Peel & 80\% Acetone & Stirring for 24 h at 22 \({}^{\circ}\)C & n.a. & 0 & [100] \\  & & Peel & 80\% Ethanol & Stirring for 24 h at 22 \({}^{\circ}\)C & n.a. & 0 & [100] \\  & & Peel & Water & Stirring for 24 h at 22 \({}^{\circ}\)C & n.a. & 0 & [100] \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{\(-\)} & \multirow{4}{*}{_S. typhimurium_} & Peel & Methanol & Mechanical shaking for 24 h at RT & 2 & 16 & [9] \\  & & Rind & Methanol & Mechanical shaking for 24 h at RT & 16 & 12 & [9] \\  & & Rind & Methanol & Mechanical shaking for 24 h at RT & 16 & 10 & [9] \\  & & Rind & Methanol & Mechanical shaking for 24 h at RT & 128 & 7.6 & [9] \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{\(-\)} & \multirow{4}{*}{_S. aureus_} & Peel & – & – & n.a. & 10 & [95] \\  & & Peel & Methanol & Mechanical shaking for 24 h at RT & 8 & 20 & [9] \\  & & Rind & Methanol & Mechanical shaking for 24 h at RT & 4 & 13 & [9] \\  & & Rind & Methanol & Maceration for 48 h at RT & 25 & 5.81 & [96] \\  & & Rind & Hexane & Soxhlet extraction for 6 h & n.a. & 10 & [98] \\  & & Peel & 80\% Methanol & Stirring for 24 h at 22 \({}^{\circ}\)C & n.a. & 0 & [100] \\  & & Peel & 80\% Acetone & Stirring for 24 h at 22 \({}^{\circ}\)C & n.a. & 0 & [100] \\  & & Peel & 80\% Acetone & Stirring for 24 h at 22 \({}^{\circ}\)C & n.a. & 0 & [100] \\  & & Peel & 80\% Ethanol & Stirring for 24 h at 22 \({}^{\circ}\)C & n.a. & 0 & [100] \\  & & Peel & 80\% Ethanol & Stirring for 24 h at 22 \({}^{\circ}\)C & n.a. & 0 & [100] \\  & & Peel & Water & Stirring for 24 h at 22 \({}^{\circ}\)C & n.a. & 0 & [100] \\  & & Peel & Ethanol & Soxhlet extraction for 15 h at 65 \({}^{\circ}\)C & n.a. & 12 & [97] \\  & & Peel & Ethanol & Cold percolation overnight at RT & n.a. & 0 & [97] \\  & & Rind & 80\% Ethanol & Stirring for 24 h at 60 \({}^{\circ}\)C & n.a. & 10.84 & [101] \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}