## 7 Experimental Results  
A power converter laboratory prototype was built, and the photovoltaic installation available at the Electrical Engineering Department of the University of La Frontera in Temuco, Chile, was used (see Figure 17a). In Figure 17b, the implemented setup for the proposed topology is shown, and in Figure 17c, the flyback transformer designed and built for the converter is presented. The system parameters are the same as those of the simulations presented in Table 1. A digital signal processor Texas Instrument F28379D was used as a control platform. Optical fiber was used for the transmission of the semiconductors gating signals. For the main switches, MOSFETs IPW65R041 CFD were used, and for the snubber switches, MOSFETs model TK20A60W were considered. The diode model STTH9012 TV was used in the converter output. The output capacitor \(C_{out}\) is in polypropylene to obtain a low series equivalent resistance allowing an increase in the conversion efficiency. The model of the PV panels used was CSUN340-72P, rated at  
Figure 16: Simulation waveforms. Input power (dark green) and output power (purple). Figure 15: Simulated waveforms: (**a**–**c**) Drain-source main switches’ voltages. (**d**) Output voltage. (**e**) Input and output power. 340 Wp. The experimental system was validated with the same levels of radiation for each PV panel. Figures 18-21 were obtained around 12 PM. Figure 18 shows the voltages of the three PV panels and the converter output voltage. It can be noted that the magnitude of the three average voltages was the same (\(\sim\)37 V). The voltage ripple was due to the action of the MPPT control that worked at a frequency of 10 kHz. On the other hand, a very low ripple can be observed in the converter output voltage waveform (green) which had an average value of 311 V.  
Figure 19 shows the currents of the PV panels (blue, pink, and yellow) and the converter output current (green). The magnitude of the output current was constant and equal to 3.1, while a resistive load of 100 \(\Omega\) was supplied. Figure 20 shows the main switches' voltages. The maximum values did not exceed 170 V. In classical flyback topologies, the energy stored in the transformer leakage inductance produces a \(dv/dt\) on the main switch; in this work, this problem was solved with the proposed active snubber. This snubber limited the \(dv/dt\) and injected the energy stored in the transformer's leakage inductance back to the input capacitor \(C_{int}\), increasing the conversion efficiency. The waveforms were similar to the simulated ones shown in Figure 15.  
Figure 21 shows the currents on each main switch and the output diode current. The peak current of the main switches was approximately 68 A. For the output diode, the peak current was about 80 A.  
Figure 17: (**a**) PV panels used to test the converter. (**b**) Laboratory experimental setup. (**c**) Flyback transformer built with three primary winding and three secondary windings. Figure 18: Experimental waveforms. Input voltages: PV panel 1 (blue), PV panel 2 (pink), and PV panel 3 (yellow); scale: 25 V/div. Converter output voltage (green); scale: 500 V/div. Base time: 200 μs/div. The experimental results of Figures 22 and 23 were obtained while operating the converter in the afternoon, close to sunset, when solar irradiation is much lower than at noon. Thus, a reduction in the main switches' currents and the output diode's current can  
Figure 19: Experimental waveforms. PV panels’ currents: PV panel 1 (blue), PV panel 2 (pink), and PV panel 3 (yellow); scale: 10 A/div. Converter’s output current (green); scale: 5 A/div. Base time: 200 μs/div. Figure 20: Experimental waveforms. Drain-source voltage: main switch 1 (blue), main switch 2 (pink), and main switch 3 (yellow); scale: 100 V/div. Base time 20 μs/div. be appreciated in Figure 22. The maximum magnitude of the main switches' currents was approximately 25 A, and that of the output diode's was 35 A. In Figure 23, the PV panels' voltages are shown as well as the converter's output voltage.