## 4 Naming Process for Bridge Components
### Basic Bridge Geometric Modeling and Information Reassigning
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c} \hline \hline
**Component Name** & **Qty (EA)** & **Volume (m3)** \\ \hline Diaphragm plate & 1 & 0.1392 \\ \cline{2-3}  & Horizontal stiffener & 2 & 0.0210 \\ \cline{2-3} Diaphragm & Opening stiffener (left) & 2 & 0.0010 \\ \cline{2-3}  & Opening stiffener (right) & 2 & 0.0014 \\ \hline Main Plate & 1 & 0.0110 \\ \cline{2-3}  & Upper Flange & 1 & 0.0032 \\ \cline{2-3}  & Lower Flange & 1 & 0.0032 \\ \cline{2-3}  & Bracket & 2 & 0.0096 \\ \cline{2-3} Cross Beam & Upper Bracket Flange & 2 & 0.0029 \\ \cline{2-3}  & Lower Bracket Flange & 2 & 0.0038 \\ \cline{2-3}  & Bracket Stiffener & 2 & 0.0083 \\ \cline{2-3}  & Vertical Stiffener & 2 & 0.0044 \\ \cline{2-3}  & Upper Joint Bar & 2 & 0.0029 \\ \cline{2-3}  & Joint Bar & 12 & 0.0072 \\ \cline{2-3}  & Shear Joint Bar & 4 & 0.0165 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 4: Quantity take-off test for examining the applicability of the proposed method. ### Estimation of Carbon Emission Using IFC-Based Bridge Information Model

The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UnFCCC) has suggested that all nations should attempt to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. A large amount of carbon is emitted from civil engineering structures. However, the amount of carbon emitted has not been calculated perfectly because structural stability has received more emphasis and detailed assessment processes for such calculations do not exist at this time. Carbon emissions are calculated by employing a method that estimates an emissions source unit based on the embodied energy generated during the production of the material that is used over the whole life cycle of the facility. However, the proposed guidelines are based on material or equipment units according to the work process rather than the component unit of a facility. Therefore, from the viewpoint of the product, directly examining the effect of carbon emissions via components is disadvantageous. This study did not aim to accurately calculate the carbon emissions generated from bridge structures; rather, it attempted to verify whether the carbon emissions calculated for the structure and stored in the BIM data can be meaningfully reused. This study considered the following elements for carbon emissions calculations:

1. Quantity: Utilization of the volume from the viewpoint of the product, based on the design phase. 2. Identification: Utilization of the IFC and the IFC user-defined PSET proposed in previous sections. Carbon emissions were estimated using a calculation method, in which each component in the structure is multiplied by a carbon emissions factor, as shown in Equation (4), by referring to \"the carbon emissions calculation according to material input\", as proposed by Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport of Korea [48]. \[EST_{i}=OI_{i}\times EF_{co2} \tag{4}\]

where \(i\) is an object identifier of object information \(OI\) equivalent to the total number of objects in the structure. In other words, the carbon emissions estimation was conducted for each individual component of the structure. A method of summing the emissions of individual components was used