# Hybrid Quantum Dot as Promising Tools for Theranostic Application in Cancer
## 4 Conclusions
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Type of QDs** & **Type of Cancer** & **In Vitro/In Vivo Model** & **Outcome** & **Refs.** \\ \hline Lactoferrin-QDs & Breast cancer & In vitro cancer cell line and in vivo tumor model & Enhanced cytotoxicity of breast cancer cells and in vivo antitumor efficacy & [89] (P:2018) \\ \hline Gelatin/chondoritn-QDs & Breast cancer & In vitro cell line and in vivo model & Targeted internalization into cancer cells and enhanced cytotoxicity against breast cancer cells were demonstrated & [90] (P:2018) \\ \hline Magnetic graphene-QDs & Cancerous cells & In vitro HeLa cell line & G-QD susceptibility of cancerous HeLa cells to DOX is 13\% higher and a promising material for cancer cell detection and targeted Dox & [91] (P:2018) \\ \hline Graphene-QDs & Cancerous cells & In vitro HeLa cell line & Cell viability study demonstrated the high cytotoxicity & [92] (P:2017) \\ \hline Carbon-QDs doped with nitrogen and oxygen & Tumor cells & In vivo antitumor model & Nitrogen and oxygen co-doped C-QDs with strong absorbance in the NIR region leading to photothermal-based destruction of cancerous cells & [93] (P:2018) \\ \hline Carbon QDs doped with polyethyleneimine & Hepatocellular carcinoma & In vitro COS-7 cells and HepG2 cells & Facilitate gene transfection in COS-7 and HepG2 & [96] (P:2012) \\ \hline Magneton-fluorescence & & & & \\ carbon-QDs conjugated with cDNA aptamer & Cervical cancer & In vitro cell line and In vivo tumor model & Targeted synthesis: killing of lung cancer cells via PDT, PTT, and rapid release of DOX under simultaneous NIR laser irradiation & [97] (P:2018) \\ \hline Au-SO\({}_{2}\)-QDs & Breast cancer & MCF-7 human breast cancer cells & A targeted synergistic anticancer effect that induced by DOX delivery and efficient heat generation by exploiting the photothermal effect of QDs-gold NPs & [101] (P:2018) \\ \hline ZnO-QDs & Cancerous cells & Hela cells & Studies showed that cytotoxicity by both blank and drug-loaded QDs provided high anticancer activity against Hela cells with folate targeting & [105] (P:2018) \\ \hline Graphene-QDs on the surface of hollow Cu\({}_{5}\) SNPs & Breast cancer & MDA-MB-231 cells line & Flow cytometry showed a significant level of NIR-triggered Dox release inside MDA-MB-231 cells & [106] (P:2020) \\ \hline Carbon-QDs with nuclear localization signal peptide & Lung cancer & Human lung carcinoma cells & Nucleus-targeted drug delivery of therapeutics functionalized with nuclear signal peptide to improve its antitumor activity & [107] (P:2016) \\ \hline ZnO-QDs & Liver cancer & In vitro HepG2 cells & QDs significantly upregulated mRNA expressions, whereas the anti-apoptotic gene & [108] (P:2015) \\ \hline CdSe-QDs & Hepatocellular carcinoma & In vitro HepG2 cancer cell & QDs successfully induced shrinkage and rupture of the membrane, and expression of an apoptotic gene (Bcl2) was positively comparing the untreated HepG2 cell line. & [109] (P:2021) \\ \hline Fe\({}_{3}\)O\({}_{x}\)-Ag\({}_{2}\)O & & & & \\ QDs/Cellulose fibers & Skin Cancer & In vitro cell line study & Magnetic QDs showed that the targeted cytotoxicity of the drug was increased when loaded on nanocomposites, compared to pure Fe\({}_{3}\)O+Ag-O quantum dots/cellulose fibers nanocomposites & [110] (P:2017) \\ \hline CdTe-QDs and CdSe-QDs & Melanoma tumors & In vivo antitumor model & Result indicated CdTe and CdSe QDs irradiation-induced photothermal therapy & [111] (P:2012) \\ \hline Graphene quantum dot & & & & \\ mesoporous silica & Breast cancer & 4T1 cancer cell line; 4T1 tumor in Bab/c mice & Results indicate that developed hybrid QDs as powerful cancer therapeutic for deep tumor localization and regression & [112] (P:2021) \\ \hline Peptide-based graphene QDs & Breast cancer & HUVEC Cell line; 4T1 tumor-bearing Ballb/c mice & Successfully demonstrated multifunctional therapeutic peptides for targeted drug delivery and tracking in vivo integrin overexpressed tumor model & [113] (P:2022) \\ \hline Tryptophan–orbitiol-based carbon QDs & Liver cancer & Huh/c cell line; Huh/d cells bearing Bab/c mice & Promising cancer nanotheranostic system utilized for diagnosis, targeting, and PDT therapy in hepatocellular carcinoma & [114] (P:2022) \\ \hline Mn-doped ZnS QDs & Breast cancer & 4T1 cancer cell line; 4T1 tumor in Bab/c mice & Theranostic system for image-guided therapy in breast tumor utilizing NIR-II fluorescence and magnetic resonance imaging & [115] (P:2022) \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
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