# Space-Based Displacement Monitoring of Coastal Urban Areas: The Case of Limassol's Coastal Front
## 2 Materials and Methods  
### Case Study  
Limassol is found on the south part of the island and is the second-largest urban city in Cyprus after Nicosia, covering an area of almost 53 km\({}^{2}\). The Port of Limassol is one of the busiest ports in the Mediterranean transit trade and generally the largest port in Cyprus. Furthermore, Limassol is the base of Cyprus University of Technology, one of three state universities, established in 2004. The coastal front of Limassol City encompasses an area of about 20 km\({}^{2}\) [Figure 1]. The area of interest is relatively flat, with a height that reaches almost 1.5 m above mean sea level. From a geological point of view, as occurs in the majority of coastal cities, the geology of the Limassol coastal zone consists of alluvial soils. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c} \hline
**Previous Study** & **Data/Technique** & **Subsidence Rate** \\ \hline [PERSON] et al. [32] & Sentinel-1/PSI from 2015 to March 2018 & Avg: \(-\)17 mm/year \\ \hline [PERSON] et al. [33] & Sentinel-1/PSI, P-SBAS from 2014 to 2020 & Avg: \(-\)2.3 cm/year \\ \hline [PERSON] et.al. [34] & Sentinel-1, TerraSAR, COSMO-SkyMed, & \\  & Envisar-ASAR/PSI from 2004 to 2018 & Avg: \(-\)9 to 5 mm/year \\ \hline [PERSON] et al. [35] & Sentinel-1/PSI from 2017 to 2019 & Avg: \(-\)3.3 mm per year \\ \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 1: _Cont._  
Figure 1: Case study of Limassol coastal front in Cyprus with newly built skyscrapers and tall buildings. As of late 2013, Cyprus has been experiencing a construction regeneration, and Limassol is the focal point, upgrading the image of the city as a cosmopolitan and attractive destination. Since 2013, when legislation was passed encouraging construction, a significant number of skyscrapers and tall buildings have been introduced to the Cypriot community every year. The construction industry in Cyprus counts for 7% of the country's GDP. To date, there are about 70 buildings that have been proposed and/or are under construction that will stand taller than 50 m when completed, of which 29 are skyscrapers. Specifically, Table 2 presents, in detail, the name of the projects, their height, and the number of floors, as well as the year of their construction and their exact locations in WGS1984 coordinate system (EPSG4326). A recently completed residential high-rise building, One, is the tallest tower in Cyprus, the tallest seafront residential building in Europe, and the 48 th-tallest building in the European Union. Among others, one current under-construction project is the 'City of Dreams Mediterranean,' Europe's largest casino resort. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Rank** & **Name** & **Height (m)** & **Floors** & **Construction Year** & **Location** & **Image** \\ \hline \(1\) & Trilogy & 161 & 39 & 2022 & 33.06196\({}^{\circ}\) E & \\  & & & & & 34.68596\({}^{\circ}\)N & \\ \hline \(2\) & Olympic & 76 & 20 & 2012 & 33.06426\({}^{\circ}\) E & \\  & Residence & 76 & 20 & 2012 & 34.68679\({}^{\circ}\) N & \\ \hline \(3\) & One & 170 & 38 & 2021 & 33.06511\({}^{\circ}\) E & \\  & & & & & 34.68709\({}^{\circ}\) N & \\ \hline \(4\) & The Oval & 75 & 17 & 2017 & 33.07052\({}^{\circ}\) E & \\  & & & & & 34.68992\({}^{\circ}\) N & \\ \hline \(5\) & Limassol Del & \multirow{2}{*}{107} & \multirow{2}{*}{27} & \multirow{2}{*}{2021} & 33.10273\({}^{\circ}\) E & \\  & Mar & & & & 34.70108\({}^{\circ}\) N & \\ \hline \(6\) & Sky Tower & 103 & 24 & 2021 & 33.10416\({}^{\circ}\) E & \\  & & & & & 34.70463\({}^{\circ}\) N & \\ \hline \(7\) & Arc Ship Tower & 67 & 17 & 2018 & 33.10798\({}^{\circ}\) E & \\  & & & & & 34.70312\({}^{\circ}\) N & \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 2: Features of buildings on Limassol coastal front, Cyprus. Since the island of Cyprus is located in the Mediterranean fault zone, interactions between the Eurasian and the African plates, a unique site for geodynamic analysis, are exhibited.