## 2 Material and Methods
### VR Application
_Animal caring activity:_ In this task, the user must follow the instructions on the board, step by step, to complete the action of showering a sheep. Initially, the user is located in front of the bathtub (see Figure 2D). The interactive objects (buttons to activate the bathtub tap, soap bottle, and brush) are placed on the shelf of the shower or the floor, allowing the movements of flexion of the shoulder, the elbow, and the wrist, and internal rotation of the shoulder and elbow pronation to pour the soap on the sheep. Additionally, the brushing action induces elbow abduction (ABD) and adduction (ADD) movements and wrist radial-ulnar rotation movements (see Table 4). \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c} \hline \hline
**Action** & **Upper Limb Movement** & **Target ROM** \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{Grab a bottle/glass} & Shoulder flexion & 45\({}^{\circ}\) \\ \cline{2-3}  & Elbow flexion & 90\({}^{\circ}\) \\ \cline{2-3}  & Elbow neutral position & 0\({}^{\circ}\) \\ \cline{2-3}  & Wrist flexion & 45\({}^{\circ}\) \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{Pour the liquid into the glass} & Shoulder flexion & 45\({}^{\circ}\) \\ \cline{2-3}  & Shoulder internal rotation & 45\({}^{\circ}\) \\ \cline{2-3}  & Elbow pronation & 35\({}^{\circ}\) \\ \cline{2-3}  & Wrist neutral & 0\({}^{\circ}\) \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{Take the glass to mouth} & Neck extension & 10 \({}^{\circ}\) \\ \cline{2-3}  & Shoulder flexion & 65\({}^{\circ}\) \\ \cline{2-3}  & Elbow flexion & 130\({}^{\circ}\) \\ \cline{2-3}  & Wrist radial deviation & 20\({}^{\circ}\) \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 2: Sequence of actions and the upper limb movements involved in the pouring a drink activity. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c} \hline \hline
**Action** & **Upper Limb Movement** & **Target ROM** \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{Pressing the piano keys} & Shoulder flexion & 30\({}^{\circ}\) \\ \cline{2-3}  & Elbow flexion & 70\({}^{\circ}\) \\ \cline{2-3}  & Elbow pronation & 70\({}^{\circ}\) \\ \cline{2-3}  & Wrist flexion & 45\({}^{\circ}\) \\ \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 3: Sequence of actions and the upper limb movements involved in the playing piano activity. _Picking apples from trees activity:_ This task asks the user to pick as many apples from the trees as possible in 2 min and place them in the baskets next to each tree (see Figure 2E). To do this, the user must move to each tree. The collection of the apples from the tree and the placement of these in the baskets involves movements of flexion and extension of the elbow, shoulder, and wrist. Additionally, this action induces shoulder ABD/ADD movements. On top of that, the task forces the user incline their neck tilt, for gaze redirection (see Table 5). \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c} \hline \hline
**Action** & **Upper Limb Movement** & **Target ROM** \\ \hline \multirow{6}{*}{Turn on/off the faucet} & Shoulder flexion & 30\({}^{\circ}\) \\ \cline{2-3}  & Elbow extension & 0\({}^{\circ}\) \\ \cline{2-3}  & Elbow pronation & 70\({}^{\circ}\) \\ \cline{2-3}  & Wrist flexion & 45\({}^{\circ}\) \\ \hline \multirow{6}{*}{Pour soap} & Shoulder flexion & 45\({}^{\circ}\) \\ \cline{2-3}  & Shoulder internal rotation & 45\({}^{\circ}\) \\ \cline{2-3}  & Elbow flexion & 0\({}^{\circ}\) \\ \cline{2-3}  & Elbow pronation & 35\({}^{\circ}\) \\ \cline{2-3}  & Wrist neutral & 0\({}^{\circ}\) \\ \hline \multirow{6}{*}{Brushing the animal} & Shoulder flexion & 30\({}^{\circ}\) \\ \cline{2-3}  & Shoulder ABD & 45\({}^{\circ}\) \\ \cline{2-3}  & Shoulder ADB & 45\({}^{\circ}\) \\ \cline{2-3}  & Elbow flexion & 30\({}^{\circ}\) \\ \cline{2-3}  & Elbow pronation & 70\({}^{\circ}\) \\ \cline{2-3}  & Wrist extension & 20\({}^{\circ}\) \\ \cline{2-3}  & Wrist radial deviation & 15\({}^{\circ}\) \\ \cline{2-3}  & Wrist ulnar deviation & 20\({}^{\circ}\) \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 4: Sequence of actions and the upper limb movements involved in the animal caring activity.