## 1 Introduction  
In road development and construction, asphalt pavement is widely used because of its excellent performance in anti-slip and in noise reduction [1, 2]. Aggregate, asphalt binder and voids make up the asphalt mixture, where the asphalt binder holds the aggregate particles together [3, 4]. A large number of pavement distresses can exist during the service life of asphalt pavements, including peeling, slurry, potholes, and cracks. Asphalt pavements may become less stiff and structurally unsound due to these pavement distresses, which may affect how long they last [5, 6]. Water damage in asphalt mixtures is mostly caused by a decline in the asphalt binder and the aggregate system's bonding capacity [7, 8]. Since aggregates and asphalt binder make up the bulk of asphalt mixtures, it is essential to start with these two elements of the asphalt binder--aggregate system when assessing the water susceptibility of asphalt mixtures [9, 10]. In order to determine the surface free energy parameters of five aggregates and two asphalt binders, [PERSON] et al. used the surface free energy theory. They also confirmed that there is a connection between the asphalt binder's various components and the mineral element composition of the aggregates, as well as the surface free energy parameters of the asphalt binder--aggregate system [11]. Exploring the different components of asphalt binder, [PERSON] et al. found that the degree of influence on the adhesion of asphalt binder--aggregate systems was in descending order of carboxyl, sulfoxide, pyrimidine, phenol, pyrrolidine, and ketone [12]. Exploring the different components of asphalt binder, [PERSON] found that resin and asphaltene in asphalt contributed more to the adhesion properties than aromatic and saturated fractions. From the asphalt properties, [PERSON] et al. found that the acid value of asphalt binder was the most influential factor in the adhesion performance of asphalt mixes [13]. [PERSON] et al. found that there was no good correlation between asphalt binder viscosity and adhesion performance of an asphalt--aggregate system by the Brookfield rotational viscosity test. They found the ratio of resin to asphaltene could evaluate the adhesion performance of asphalt mixtures [14]. The adhesion properties of the asphalt binder--aggregate system are largely determined by the aggregate properties since aggregate makes up about 95% of the weight of the entire asphalt mixture [15]. In natural conditions, an asphalt mixture under the action of water, the asphalt film on the surface of the aggregate will spontaneously peel off, which also indicates that the aggregate has hydrophilic properties. Because aggregate adhesion to water is often stronger than aggregate adhesion to asphalt binder, the importance of aggregate properties for the research of asphalt binder--aggregate system adhesion qualities cannot be overstated [16]. [PERSON] et al. determined that the kind of aggregate had a substantial influence on the adhesion after using the net adsorption method to test the adhesion between different aggregate types and asphalt binder [17]. Many academics have conducted in-depth studies on the aggregate properties because an experimental study in NCAT demonstrated that the influence of aggregate properties on the adhesion properties of the asphalt binder--aggregate system is significantly greater than that of asphalt binder in asphalt mixtures [18]. According to [PERSON] et al., the SFE characteristics of the asphalt binder--aggregate system were computed to forecast how resistant asphalt mixes would be to water damage. Additionally, it was discovered that the aggregates' impact on the adhesive qualities of the asphalt binder--aggregate combination was noticeably stronger than that of the asphalt binder [19]. [PERSON] selected 11 types of aggregates in asphalt mixtures as independent variables. The mineral phase composition and chemical elemental composition of different types of aggregates were measured to evaluate the water damage resistance of asphalt mixes.