## 5 Conclusions  
This paper presents a model test box of the pipe segment with a diversion function, which enables the model test box of the pipe segment with the diversion function to effectively test the stress distribution of the pipe segment under the action of seepage unsymmetrical pressure, as well as the pore pressure and stress distribution around the pipe segment. Furthermore, the model test box allows for the verification of the reduce effect of the pipe segment on blocking the flow of groundwater. This provides the basic  
Figure 20: Variation in total stress. (**a**) Pressure difference 0.5 kPa. (**b**) Pressure difference 1.0 kPa. (**c**) Pressure difference 1.5 kPa. (**d**) Pressure difference 2.0 kPa. (**e**) Pressure difference 2.5 kPa. (**f**) Changes in total stress difference on both sides of pipe segments at different depths. theory and key technical guidance for the fabrication and engineering application of a pipe segment with a diversion function. 1. The action of back-water and unsymmetrical pressure in the sand and water on the left and right sides of the pipe segment exerts pressure on the pipe segment, causing it to deform. This leads to the compression of the top and bottom of the pipe segment, with a tendency to bulge outward. Meanwhile, the lower left, lower right, and left and right sides of the pipe segment are stretched, with a tendency for concave inward deformation. The lower left and lower right sides of the pipe segment are subjected to a significantly higher pressure from sand and water than that on the upper part of the pipe segment. The greater the difference in pressure is, the more pronounced the asymmetric nature of the strain value of the pipe segment is. 2. The soil pressure difference between the two sides of the pipe segment increases with the increase in differential pressure. This results in a greater impact at greater depths, which, in turn, causes greater pipe segment unsymmetrical pressure, more serious pipe segment bending deformation, and an increased risk of leakage at the pipe segment nodes. Furthermore, this also leads to greater difficulties in operation and maintenance. The diversion function of the pipe segment channeling can effectively reduce the pressure difference between the two sides. 3. The greater the pressure difference is, the more pronounced the influence of unsymmetrical pressure under pore water pressure is, and the closer the pipe segment is to the bottom of the position, the greater the likelihood of deformation is. Consequently, the pressure difference also increases the total stress difference between the two sides of the pipe segment. The lower part of the pipe segment is more susceptible to the bias effect, which renders it more prone to deformation. 4. The pipe segment can facilitate the circulation of confined water on both the sides and reduce the unsymmetrical pressure between the two sides through the inflow function. This can effectively address the bias pressure problem on both the sides of the pipe segment, protect the spring system and the ecology of the groundwater, mitigate the influence of bias pressure on the pipe segment, and alleviate the difficulties in the operation and maintenance of the pipe segment. 5. The industrial production, on-site experimentation, and research of water diversion shield segments that can adapt to different geology conditions will be the study focus in the future. Y.S. : conceptualization; methodology; investigation; writing--original draft and visualization. S.X. : conceptualization; supervision; writing--review and editing. Z.T. : formal analysis; software; writing--original draft. B.Z. : Conceptualization; methodology. W.L. : supervision; writing-review and editing. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript. This project is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 52204093), the Research Fund of Liaocheng University (No. 318051848), the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province (No.