# Evaluation of Chronic Kidney Disease Risk Factors after Radical Nephrectomy
## 3 Results  
Following the inclusion and exclusion criteria, our study included 93 patients. The main clinical and sociodemographic data of the operated-on participants are summarized in Table 1.  
Figure 2: The formation of study cohorts. Abbreviations: RN—radical nephrectomy; CKD–chronic kidney disease; AKI—acute kidney injury. Eighty (86%) study participants appeared to have postoperative AKI after RN, and of them, 68 (85%) patients showed the first and 12 (15%), second stage. Two months after surgery, 63 (67.7%) patients still had AKI. In total, 77 (82.8%) patients had postoperative CKD upstage; 66 (73.1%) of postoperative AKI patients had CKD upstage; and 43 out of 46 (49.5% from all) patients with CKD had postoperative kidney injury. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{l c c c c} \hline \hline \multicolumn{1}{c}{**Parameters**} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{**Estimate**} & \
\begin{tabular}{c} **Patients without** \\ **Chronic Kidney** \\ **Disease** \\ \end{tabular} &
\begin{tabular}{c} **Patients with Chronic** \\ **Kidney Disease** \\ \end{tabular} & \(p\)**-Value 1** \\ \hline Age, y & Median (Q1, Q3) & 56.0 (48.0 to 62.5) & 70.5 (62.5 to 74.0) & \textless{}0.001 \\ Hospital stay, day & Median (Q1, Q3) & 7.0 (5.0 to 7.0) & 7.0 (6.0 to 8.8) & 0.071 \\ Gender: & N (\%) & & 0.678 \\ Female & & 19 (40.4) & 21 (45.7) & \\ Male & & 28 (59.6) & 25 (54.3) & \\ BMI, kg/m\({}^{2}\) & Median (Q1, Q3) & 27.8 (24.7 to 30.3) & 28.9 (26.2 to 33.5) & 0.021 \\ CCI, score & Median (Q1, Q3) & 3.0 (2.0 to 3.5) & 4.5 (3.0 to 6.0) & \textless{}0.001 \\ CT nephrometry result, & Median (Q1, Q3) & 9.0 (8.0 to 10.0) & 10.0 (9.0 to 10.8)) & 0.002 \\ Contrastal kidney CT & Median (Q1, Q3) & 255.4 (228.3 to 319.5) & 191.8 (157.8 to 223.3) & \textless{}0.001 \\ \multicolumn{1}{c}{} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{} & \textless{}0.001 \\ volume classification: & & 1 (2.1) & 30 (65.2) & \\ Medium & & 20 (42.6) & 14 (30.4) & \\ High & & 26 (55.3) & 2 (4.3) & \\ Metabolic syndrome: & N (\%) & & 0.003 \\ Yes & & 19 (40.4) & 33 (71.7) & \\ No & & 28 (59.6) & 13 (28.3) & \\ Radical nephrectomy: & N (\%) & & 0.063 \\ Laparoscopic & & 29 (61.7) & 19 (41.3) & \\ Open & & 18 (38.3) & 27 (58.7) & \\ Duration of surgery, min & Median (Q1, Q3) & 120.0 (90.0 to 145.0) & 120.0 (80.0 to 195.0) & 0.869 \\ Loss of blood, mL & Median (Q1, Q3) & 210.0 (175.0 to 250.0) & 525.0 (275.0 to 600.0) & \textless{}0.001 \\ Loss of blood classification, & & N (\%) & & \textless{}0.001 \\ mL: & & 46 (97.9) & 19 (41.3) & \\ \textless{}500 & & 1 (2.1) & 27 (58.7) & \\ ASA, classification: & N (\%) & & \textless{}0.001 \\
1 & & 8 (17.0) & 1 (2.2) & \\
2 & & 29 (61.7) & 16 (34.8) & \\
3 & & 10 (21.3) & 29 (63.0) & \\ Intraoperative hypotension, & & Median (Q1, Q3) & 0.0 (0.0 to 10.0) & 40.0 (20.0 to 60.0) & \textless{}0.001 \\ \multicolumn{1}{c}{} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{} & \textless{}0.001 \\ Removed kidney volume, & & Median (Q1, Q3) & 398.0 (358.5 to 497.0) & 409.0 (288.8 to 486.5) & 0.377 \\ Tumor volume, cm\({}^{3}\) & & Median (Q1, Q3) & 118.3 (87.0 to 166.9) & 179.0 (100.3 to 320.0) & 0.032 \\ AKI status: & N (\%) & & \textless{}0.001 \\ Non-AKI & & 10 (21.3) & 3 (6.5) & \\ AKI non-CKD upstage & & 14 (29.8) & - & \\ AKI CKD upstage & & 23 (48.9) & 43 (93.5) & \\ Focal global & N (\%) & & \textless{}0.001 \\ glomerulosclerosis & & 14 (29.8) & 40 (87.0) & \\ None & & 33 (70.2) & 6 (13.0) & \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}  
* Mann–Whitney U test; [PERSON]’s Chi-squared test; [PERSON]’s exact. Abbreviations: CCI—Charlson comorbidity index; BMI—body mass index; IQR—interquartile range; ASA—American Society of Anesthesiologists score; CT—computed tomography; AKI—acute kidney injury.  
\end{table} 
Table 1: Clinical and sociodemographic data of CKD and non-CKD study patients. The preoperative eGFR and age between AKI and non-AKI participants included in the cohort were not significantly different, 86.0 (70.2; 94.8) vs. 86.0 (74.0; 89.0) mL/min, \(p\) = 0.687 and 62.5 (50.2; 72.8) vs. 62.0 (54.5; 65.5) years, \(p\) = 0.71.