## 1 Introduction
To reduce the average density of effective wall materials, crushed local reeds, fly ash formed from the combustion of coal under domestic conditions, and natural diatomite were applied as additives. From 5 to 20% of the ceramic weight of additives were introduced into the compound. in the amount The cylinder specimens were burned in a muffle furnace at temperatures of 950, 1000, and 1100 \({}^{\circ}\)C. With the addition of household slag, ceramic products were obtained with an average density from 1385 to 1410 kg/m\({}^{3}\) and a compressive strength ranging from 9.2 to 11.2 MPa. With the use of diatomite, products with an average density of 1438 to 1510 kg/m\({}^{3}\) and a compressive strength of 8.8 to 10.7 MPa were produced. In terms of density, the products correspond to conditionally effective and strength grades of M 75 and M 100. In [12], the replacement of clay with 6% hot-dip galvanizing slurry and burning at 1020 \({}^{\circ}\)C showed admissible mechanical and ceramic parameters that met the requirements (demands) of Euro Code. When up to 20% sludge (collected from industrial wastewater treatment plants) was added to bricks, the strength measured at 960 and 1000 \({}^{\circ}\)C met the requirements of the Chinese National Standard, and replacing clay with 25% glass waste sludge and burning at 850 \({}^{\circ}\)C showed an improvement in the strength by compression of 37%. Replacing the clay with 10% ceramic mud and burning at 1050 \({}^{\circ}\)C satisfied the aesthetic requirements and retained sufficiently high mechanical properties (characteristics). Different types of sludge were mixed with different metals and minerals to form clay mixtures, which affected the properties of the burned clay bricks in different ways. In [13], the impact of porosity is limited by the converting mineral of the material. The reaction between clay minerals and calcium carbonate results in the formation of new highly conductive mineral phases, such as gelenite (1.53 W/m\(\cdot\)K) and wollastonite (4.03 W/m\(\cdot\)K). After exposure to 850 \({}^{\circ}\)C, compaction and elimination of pores occurred in the brick samples, which led to an increase in the thermal conductivity. In [14], the results of the use of wastewater treatment technologies in soil-cement bricks showed that this supports a lower impact of wastewater treatment technologies on the environment. The application of spent formed sand along with gravel dust reduced water absorption and provided an acceptable level of mechanical strength corresponding to the established norms for soil-cement bricks. The possibilities of recycling glass for the production of soil-cement bricks were also considered. In [15], when considering raw and finished ceramic materials using various analytical methods, it was found that changes in the physical properties are associated with the formation of glassy structures and new crystalline minerals during sintering at temperatures ranging from 700 to 1100 \({}^{\circ}\)C. Red clay with ground easy-melting cullet and biowaste for brick manufacturing at sintering temperatures ranging from 959 to 1000 \({}^{\circ}\)C showed the physical properties depend on the waste content. Waste ceramics were used as a substitute for clay and paper pulp in various weight percentages from 5 to 15% to produce raw bricks for the analysis of thermal and physical data. A decrease in the thermal conductivity from 0.75 to 0.58 W/m\(\cdot\)K was noted with an increase in the porosity from 3.5 to 35%. Thus, at present, a significant amount of research has been carried out on compounds and technology of ceramic bricks, light aggregates based on primary and man-made raw materials, and mixtures containing both primary and man-made raw materials. Clay, shungite, silica-containing raw materials (diatomite, tripoli and flask, gas-forming additives), finely ground limestone, sawdust, buckwheat husk, and tuff waste are used as natural raw material components. As technogenic raw materials, coal enrichment waste, ash and slag, and fly ashes are used.