# Mobile Internet Technology Adoption for Sustainable Agriculture: Evidence from Wheat Farmers
## 2 Literature Review  
A growing number of researches focus on the impact of ICTs on farmers. The dissemination and adoption of MIT in developing countries have attracted the attention of economists. The broad growth in MIT advancements over the past decade offers innovative prospects to overcome these search and deal prices and the potential to enhance agricultural productivities and incomes [34,35]. In particular, the theory proposes that MIT affects many of the main channels through which smallholder's incomes are affected. First, MIT may reduce the search cost for farmers, obtaining price information in more markets and selling in the market with the highest price after deducting transportation costs [36,37]. Second, improved access to information may enhance the bargaining position of farmers with traders in the absence of sales in different markets [38]. Third, MIT may allow farmers to use mobile phones to complete sales, thereby reducing the uncertainty associated with sales in remote markets [39]. Fourth, if information technology increases farmer's commodity prices, and since agriculture is price elastic, this will increase the future production of such commodities [40,41]. From an arbitrage perspective, past studies have shown that if farmers could obtain selling price information in other markets through ICT, and the transportation cost is lower than the price difference between these two markets, farmers would go to other markets to sell their products for better profits. As a result, arbitrage that occurs between markets will decrease, and Pareto efficiency will be achieved [34,42]. Along this line, [PERSON] [43] observed the mobile phone's role in market arbitrage in local agricultural markets in Indian states. The key outcomes suggest that the introduction of mobile phones stimulated cross-market arbitrage, reduced price differences across markets, and eliminated the oversupply of sardines in individual local markets. As a result, both the producer's profit and the consumer's surplus increase. Meanwhile, [PERSON] [39] examined mobile phones' impact on the grain market in Niger and initiated that price differences between markets have decreased. A significant additional study looked at the ICT impact on agricultural development and market choices, focusing on mobile internet and radio technology [34]. Especially in developing nations, farmers often can sell their products to merchants who shuttle between villages and markets or transport produce to the nearest market themselves. Uncertainty about market prices is usually high for farmers due to remote communities and poor market communication. [PERSON] and [PERSON] [44] demonstrated the conditions under which market information services are beneficial to farmers and examined efficiency issues related to information asymmetry. The causal impact of the mobile phone market information services program on farmer's marketing performance in Ghana showed that farmers who benefited from a market information service program received significantly higher prices for peanut and maize: about 7% higher for peanut and 10% higher for maize than what they could have received had they not participated in the market information services program. Additionally, [PERSON] [45] used a new dataset of 393 households in northern Ghana with comprehensive information on market transactions, agricultural development, and ICT use through a transaction cost context. The results showed that obtaining market info through mobile technology had a positive and substantial influence on market participation, with a better effect on households with surplus food crops and agricultural progress. In China, the advancement of modern technology increased China's rural non-farm employment by 10-20% and ultimately upsurged the income of rural people [34]. In conclusion, the expansion of ICT in developing countries provides new technologies and opportunities for farmers to access information.