# A Survey of Vehicular VLC Methodologies
## 2 Visible Light Communication
### Purposes of the Visible Light Communication  
1. VLC Advantages  
VLC is considered among the essential enabling technologies for the next generation of wireless communications due to its unique features and advantages. VLC technology has all the benefits of the visible light spectrum, including large bandwidth, being license-free, and being safe for the human body and electronic devices. Additionally, VLC can handle data transmission and lighting simultaneously. It is also considered more reliable than RF, so VLC systems solve most of the difficulties encountered in RF connections. Apart from all these advantages, VLC is a low-cost solution that is also easy to use. The following are the main benefits of VLC.  
A. Large Unlicensed Bandwidth  
Radiofrequency wireless systems typically cover a range between 3 kHz and 300 GHz. Every wireless network has its available bandwidth, to prevent interference. Due to the limited availability of licensed spectra, obtaining national authorization and approval is extremely important. Furthermore, as wireless technology usage and requirements expand, such authorized and prescribed elements have the unintended consequence of reducing the radio spectrum. Thus, there is a need to create alternative energies with maximum throughput and spectrum reduction. The visible light spectrum, \"Equivalent to the 380 to 780-nanometer frequency band \"is 10,000, which is much more significant than the range of radio signals [11; 12]. Moreover, VLC is not subject to spectrum control or license compared to radio frequency communication. VLC offers ample unrestricted bandwidth resources for transmitting data, providing a possible response to the radio frequency spectrum constraints in wireless technology.  
B. Secure for Human Health  
Radio frequency risks have received a lot of attention recently. Extended exposure to intense electromagnetic waves may negatively affect how well the human body functions. As a result, wireless communications must generally limit their transmitting power. This seriously influences the performance of the system. The VLC illumination is provided by LEDs that emit white light, which is entirely harmless to humans and similar to normal light. When health factors are considered, VLC communication becomes the most popular option [11; 48].  
C. Security and Interference  
Indoor communications within a building or room are susceptible to eavesdropping due to radio waves' ability to travel through walls. Additionally, the usage of radio waves is severely constrained due to reciprocal interference with electrical equipment. The security of VLC is substantially strengthened because light may be firmly limited to a specified area, enclosed by impenetrable barriers. According to a recent study, it is possible to eavesdrop on VLC because light signals can keep through gaps between the ground and doors, partially obscured windows and keyholes [11; 49]. Therefore, VLC is much more  
Figure 3: VLC channel model structure.  
reliable than conventional RF connections. VLC produces no potential health risks and cannot interfere with or impede radio waves. It is an excellent method to employ in delicate electrical equipment, including in hospitals and commercial and aerospace industries [50].