# Nanoformulation of Peptides for Pharmaceutical Applications: In Vitro and In Vivo Perspectives
## 5 In Vivo Analysis of Nanoformulated Peptides  
Recently, [PERSON] and coworkers developed RGD peptide encapsulated doxorubicin-loaded selenium nanoparticles (146 nm) to target the tumor vasculature. In this study, human breast cancer cells were injected into male nude mice. The in vivo experimental result showed that MCF-7 tumor growth was inhibited in the mice model by the RGD peptide selenium nanoparticles and the volume of the tumor decreased. However, there was no significant weight reduction in the body weights of the mice. Moreover, the RGD \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Encapsulant** & \begin{tabular}{c} **Nano Delivery** \\ **System** \\ \end{tabular} & **Cell Line** & **Applications** & **Reference** \\ \hline Nucleolin & Silver Nano clusters & NIH3T3 (Fibroblast cells) & Cancer & [109] \\ \hline siRNA & Chitosan nanoparticles & \begin{tabular}{c} HEp-2 (human epithelial laryngeal \\ carcinoma), HeLa (human cervical \\ carcinoma) \\ \end{tabular} & Anti-tumor & [110] \\ \hline Self-assembling & \begin{tabular}{c} Nanoformulation \\ \end{tabular} & A549 (lung carcinoma) & Anticancer & [111] \\ \hline DA and DB oils & Nanoformulation & \begin{tabular}{c} U-138 MG (human glioblastoma) \\ and T24 (human bladder carcinoma) \\ \end{tabular} & Cancer & [112] \\ \hline PEO and PPO blended & \begin{tabular}{c} Poly (\(\beta\)-amino ester) \\ nanoparticles \\ \end{tabular} & \begin{tabular}{c} MDA-MB-231 (human breast \\ adenocarcinoma cells) \\ \end{tabular} & Breast cancer & [120] \\ \hline Cathepsin D & Gelatin & MCF7 (Human breast cancer cell) & \begin{tabular}{c} Breast cancer \\ and HeLa cells \\ \end{tabular} & Breast cancer & [113] \\ \hline \begin{tabular}{c} (AG)-30 \\ angiogenic peptide \\ \end{tabular} & Gelatin & \begin{tabular}{c} HAECs (human aortic endothelial \\ cells) and HASMCs (human aortic \\ smooth muscle cells) \\ \end{tabular} & Ischemic diseases & [114] \\ \hline Simvastatin & \begin{tabular}{c} Poly (lactic-co-glycolic \\ acid) (PLGA) \\ nanoparticles \\ \end{tabular} & \
\begin{tabular}{c} HUVEC (human umbilical cord \\ vascular endothelial cells) \\ \end{tabular} &
\begin{tabular}{c} Cardiovascular \\ disorders and cancer \\ \end{tabular} & [115] \\ \hline Mucin & Chitosan nanoparticles & Conjunctival epithelial cells & Cornea & [116] \\ \hline PTH 1-34 & Chitosan nanoparticles & NIH3T3 (Fibroblast cells) & Osteoporosis & [117] \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 3: In vitro analysis to evaluate the efficacy of nanoformulated peptides. -selenium nanoparticles induced apoptosis and inhibited angiogenesis. Later, the mice were sacrificed, and their blood samples were obtained from different organs. The hematological analysis showed that the DOX could increase the levels of lactate dehydrogenase, aspartate aminotransferase, creatine kinase, and creatine, while peptide nanoparticles did not show any toxic effects. The in vivo results demonstrated that the peptide-decorated selenium nanoparticles were highly efficient for antitumor applications [121]. Further, [PERSON] et al. (2014) designed pACC1 peptide-encapsulated chitosan nanoparticles for controlled drug delivery toward breast cancer cells. Furthermore, 7,12-Dimethylbenz[\(\alpha\)]anthracene (DMBA) carcinoma was induced in 6 groups of female rats for in vivo analysis. The results showed that the encapsulated nanoparticles could increase the level of antioxidant enzymes for the neutralization of the free radicals. ACC1 was shown to significantly increase the production of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) via mitochondria during glycolysis and the Krebs cycle. pACC1 has been shown to have enhanced abilities at controlling the membrane receptors of HER2 EGFR, where its over-expression can lead to breast cancer. Later, the pACC1-encapsulated chitosan nanoparticles were designed for dual functions, such as blocking lipogenesis and control membrane receptors for effective breast cancer treatment [122]. Furthermore, [PERSON] et al.