## 3 Results
#### 3.1.2 Maximum Force before Fracture (Fmax/N)  
The analysis of the maximum force before fracture (Fmax/N) revealed patterns similar to those observed for flexural strength (FS/MPa). Firstly, there was a significant overall effect of reinforcement on Fmax/N, with a \(p\)-value of \(<\)0.001. Once again, Fiberglass thread coated with the light-polymerizing composite (Interlig, Angelus, 8.5 \(\times\) 0.2 mm) demonstrated the highest Fmax/N value (22.10 \(\pm\) 4.49 N), while composites without reinforcement exhibited the lowest (18.21 \(\pm\) 5.50 N).  
Figure 3: Effect of reinforcement types on flexural strength (FS/MPa).  
The ordering of reinforcement types based on average \(\rm{Fmax}/N\) values was as follows (Figure 4):  
Fiberglass thread (Fiber Splint Polydentia One Layer): 21.24 \(\pm\) 3.41 N;  
Polyethylene thread (Ribbond Regular, 4.0 mm): 21.13 \(\pm\) 4.49 N;  
Metal multiwire triple-twisted wire for splinting (Leone, 015''): 19.69 \(\pm\) 4.89 N;  
Aesthetic ligature wire (Leone S.p.a., 012''): 18.21 \(\pm\) 2.53 N.  
Out of the 15 pairwise comparisons conducted, 13 showed significant differences between reinforcement types, with significance levels ranging from \(p\) < 0.05 to \(p\) < 0.001, according to the Bonferroni test. However, two comparisons revealed similar mean values of \(\rm{Fmax}/N\) and therefore showed no significant differences: (1) Fiberglass thread (Fiber Splint Polydentia One Layer) and Polyethylene thread (Ribbond Regular, 4.0 mm) (\(p\) = 0.825); (2) Aesthetic ligature wire (Leone S.p.a., 012'') and no reinforcement (\(p\) = 0.694).  
The analysis of the modulus of elasticity (E/MPa) revealed a significant overall influence of the reinforcement factor, with a \(p\)-value of <0.001. The highest average value was observed for Fiber Splint Polydentia One Layer (8823.77 \(\pm\) 1456 MPa), while composites without reinforcement exhibited the lowest (7091.05 \(\pm\) 1848 MPa).  
The ordering of reinforcement types based on average modulus of elasticity values was as follows (Figure 5):  
Fiberglass thread (Fiber Splint Polydentia One Layer): 8823.77 \(\pm\) 1456 MPa;  
Polyethylene thread (Ribbond Regular, 4.0 mm): 8159.59 \(\pm\) 1446 MPa;  
Fiberglass thread coated with light-cured composite (Interlig, Angelus, 8.5 \(\times\) 0.2 mm): 8076.73 \(\pm\) 972 MPa;  
Metal multiwire triple-twisted splinting wire (Leone, 015''): 7796.42 \(\pm\) 999 MPa;  
Aesthetic Ligature Wire (Leone S.p.a., 012''): 7230.31 \(\pm\) 647 MPa.  
Out of the 15 pairwise comparisons conducted, 13 showed significant differences between reinforcement types, with significance levels ranging from \(p\) < 0.05 to \(p\) < 0.001, according to the Bonferroni test. However, two comparisons revealed similar mean values of a modulus of elasticity and therefore showed no significant differences: (1) Polyethylene thread (Ribbond Regular, 4.0 mm) and Fiberglass thread coated with light-cured composite  
Figure 4: Effect of reinforcement types on maximum strength before fracture (\(\rm{Fmax}/N\)).  
(Interlig, Angelus, 8.5 \(\times\) 0.2 mm) (\(p\) = 0.572); (2) Aesthetic ligature wire (Leone S.p.a., 012'') and no reinforcement (\(p\) = 0.618).