## 2 Literature Review  
The results of studies conducted by [PERSON]'s team concerning the relationship between the amount of consumed alcohol and the general cause of death of construction workers are important with regards to the analyzed issue [26]. The study was conducted on 8043 German construction workers aged 25-64 who were employed as the following professions: plumber, carpenter, painter, plasterer, bricklayer, unskilled construction worker, office worker, engineer, and architect. Information regarding smoking, the number of people consuming alcohol, and the amount of alcohol consumed daily was obtained on the basis of medical investigations carried out by medical staff. Thus, only 7.4% of all people participating in the study declared abstinence, while the remaining people consumed alcohol daily in an amount from 1 g/day to over 100 g/day. The research assumed that 50 g of alcohol per day corresponds to the consumption of 1 L of beer or 0.5 L of wine, while 100 g of alcohol per day corresponds to 2 L of beer or 1 L of wine. Occasional drinkers (from 1-49 g/day) were the most numerous group, constituting over half of the total drinkers (53.3%). A total of 26.4% of employees declared alcohol consumption at an amount of 50-99 g/day, while 12.9% declared the consumption of over 100 g/day. In addition, research showed that alcohol consumption is highly correlated with smoking. Over 65.0% of respondents smoked cigarettes. Hypertension was the most common issue among workers who smoked and drank. During the study, there were 172 deaths--mainly in the group of employees declaring consumption of an amount of 1-49 g/day. Studies showed that the highest number of deaths occurred among people who declared alcohol consumption of an amount of over 50 g/day. In turn, the Australian research team headed by Prof. [PERSON], in cooperation with a large construction company and with the support of the Research Center of the National Fund for Sustainable Construction, implemented a research project that aimed to determine the impact of alcohol and other drugs on safety in the construction industry [27]. In total, 494 people were surveyed, with an average age of 35.7 (\(\pm\) 11.4). In the conducted surveys, employees were asked about the amount and frequency of alcohol consumption, drinking behavior that could indicate alcohol addiction, as well as the negative consequences of alcohol consumption. The obtained results showed that 58% of the surveyed people (i.e., 286 people) had contact with alcohol in their daily work. A high risk of alcohol-related problems was identified among 185 respondents, while alcohol addiction occurred in 43 respondents. The research was of great importance for Australia, and the results of the research were used to introduce harmonized standards in the construction industry in the field of occupational health and safety. Subsequent studies conducted among young construction workers (the average age of people participating in the study was 21 years old) showed that about 65% of the respondents performed harmful and dangerous practices related to drinking alcohol. A total of 39% of respondents consumed alcohol 2-3 times a week, while 36% indicated that they consumed 10 or more alcoholic beverages at one time. The research also identified the positive correlation between harmful employee behavior and violence among drinkers (verbal violence, racial harassment, threats, attacks of aggression) [28]. According to the literature survey, the phenomenon of alcohol abuse and consumption at work is a common problem in many sectors of the economy [29]. This problem especially occurs in male-dominated industries [30]. On the basis of the Australian and New Zealand standard classification of economic sectors, industry is defined as male-dominated, with men accounting for around 70% of employees [31]. For example, in Australia, such sectors of the economy are agriculture (70%), construction (88%), mining (82%), production (74%), transport (77%) and municipal services (76%).