# A 5G V2X Ecosystem Providing Internet of Vehicles +
## 6 Results and Discussion  
Video streaming applications are very sensitive to bad connections. In order to show the effectiveness of our 5G ecosystem supporting the V2X IoV connectivity, we show two important performance metrics: throughput and delay. Results obtained through simulations are presented in the Figures 7 and 8 graphics, with 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, and 60 active vehicles. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{l l l} \hline \hline
**Parameter** & **Value** & **Description** \\ \hline channel & mmWave3 gpp & Channel model \\ frequency & 28 GHz & Supported Frequency \\ bandwith & 1 GHz & Bandwidth \\ numSubbands & 72 & Number of sub-bands \\ subbandWidth & 13.89 MHz & Width of the sub-band (MHz) \\ propagation & mmWave3 gpp & Propagation model \\ losCondition & true & Channel conditions \\ shadowing & true & Fading \\ enableBuildings & true & Consider obstacles \\ macScheduler & Round-Robin & Scheduler class \\ harqEnabled & true & Enable HARQ \\ harqProcesses & 100 & HARQ for DL and UL \\ rlcAmEnabled & true & RLC-AM enabled \\ packetSize & 1446 Bytes & Package/Segment Size \\ segmentSizeFile & matrix & Matrix (n, m) \\ segmentDuration & 2 s & 2 s per segment (video) \\ adaptation & festive, panda and tobacco2 & Adaptation algorithm \\ buffer & 524,288 Bytes & Buffer size \\ simTime & 180 s & Total simulation time \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 4: Simulation parameters. Figure 7 graphic shows the obtained 5G V2X ecosystem throughput with 95% confidence interval, for 10 simulation trials using PANDA algorithm. The flow rate was obtained through the Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP), which provides, for each TTI, the amount of transferred data by the users. On the 5G network, the reference value of the maximum data rate is 1-10 Gbps, which can support, in some scenarios, up to 20 Gbps. By the experiments, the data rate required by the eMBB use case was reached in scenario simulated. As seen in Figure 7 graphic, the rural scenario performed well, considering an environment with vehicles traveling at high speed. It was observed that the urban macro scenario presented a minor throughput than the urban micro and rural scenarios [57]. This is justified by the interference of blockages by obstacles considering a larger coverage in an urban area. As expected, with low distance and vehicle mobility at 30 km/h, the urban micro scenario presented higher performance than the rural scenario. For low densities, with 10 and 20 active vehicles, the rural scenario presents better throughput, around 11.9% and 5.6%, respectively, in relation to the urban macro scenario. When comparing the rural to the urban micro scenario, the throughput achieved by the rural scenario is lower, between 9.6% to 12.5%, when 10 and 20 were simulated. The difference between the urban micro scenario and the urban macro scenario is 21.5% for the density of ten active vehicles, and 18.2% for 20 active vehicles. When simulating 30 vehicles, the percentage differences decrease between the simulated scenarios. For densities of 50 and 60 vehicles, the difference between the urban micro and macro scenarios is 11% and 9.8%, respectively. The difference from the rural scenario to the urban macro scenario is 5.6% for 50 active vehicles and 7.4% for 60 active vehicles. The difference from the urban micro scenario is 5.4% and 2.4%, respectively, when compared to the rural scenario. We can say that the urban micro is the scenario that achieved the best throughput with the 5G ecosystem. The throughput increases as the density increases in the results obtained by [1; 16] because, once the distance decreases between adjacent vehicles, the successful transmission probability increases. The throughput is maintained constant after the density of 30 vehicles. The reason is that all available bandwidth in a fog cell has already been allocated for vehicles. Using the direct communication approach, it was observed that using our 5G V2X ecosystem, the throughput does not depend on the probability of hops between vehicles, like the other literature proposals.