## 2 Results and Discussion
### Effect of PAW Treatment on the Main VOCs in Rocket Leaves
#### 2.1.1 Glucosinolate Hydrolysis Products (GHPs)
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{l c c c c c c} \hline \hline  & **Compounds** & **Control** & **PAW-2** & **PAW-5** & **P-10** & **P-20** & **RI** \\ \hline \multicolumn{6}{c}{**Glucosionate hydrolysis products (GHPs)**} & **54.58 \(\pm\) 1.48 \({}^{\text{a}}\)** & **57.02 \(\pm\) 0.08 \({}^{\text{a}}\)** & **49.61 \(\pm\) 3.85 \({}^{\text{a}}\)** & **53.87 \(\pm\) 4.44 \({}^{\text{a}}\)** & **60.44 \(\pm\) 3.15 \({}^{\text{a}}\)** & \\ \hline
**1** & Methyl thiocyanate & 0.04 \(\pm\) 0.01 \({}^{\text{c}}\) & 0.09 \(\pm\) 0.01 \({}^{\text{bc}}\) & 0.17 \(\pm\) 0.04 \({}^{\text{a}}\) & 0.07 \(\pm\) 0.01 \({}^{\text{bc}}\) & 0.12 \(\pm\) 0.01 \({}^{\text{ab}}\) & 1282 \\
**2** & 5-Methyl Hexanemitrile & 0.09 \(\pm\) 0.01 \({}^{\text{a}}\) & 0.10 \(\pm\) 0.01 \({}^{\text{a}}\) & Nd \(\pm\) 0.00 \({}^{\text{c}}\) & 0.11 \(\pm\) 0.01 \({}^{\text{a}}\) & 0.03 \(\pm\) 0.01 \({}^{\text{b}}\) & 1362 \\
**3** & Heptomonitrile & 0.18 \(\pm\) 0.04 \({}^{\text{a}}\) & 0.18 \(\pm\) 0.01 \({}^{\text{a}}\) & Nd \(\pm\) 0.00 \({}^{\text{c}}\) & 0.15 \(\pm\) 0.01 \({}^{\text{a}}\) & 0.07 \(\pm\) 0.01 \({}^{\text{b}}\) & 1403 \\
**4** & 1-Butene 4- isothicyanate & 0.07 \(\pm\) 0.01 \({}^{\text{b}}\) & 0.14 \(\pm\) 0.02 \({}^{\text{b}}\) & 0.56 \(\pm\) 0.10 \({}^{\text{a}}\) & 0.13 \(\pm\) 0.04 \({}^{\text{b}}\) & 0.42 \(\pm\) 0.04 \({}^{\text{a}}\) & 1452 \\
**5** & 4-Methylthio butanemitrile & 0.35 \(\pm\) 0.11 \({}^{\text{ab}}\) & 0.38 \(\pm\) 0.08 \({}^{\text{ab}}\) & Nd \(\pm\) 0.00 \({}^{\text{c}}\) & 0.45 \(\pm\) 0.08 \({}^{\text{a}}\) & 0.11 \(\pm\) 0.01 \({}^{\text{bc}}\) & 1784 \\
**6** & Erucin nitrile & 37.52 \(\pm\) 2.54 \({}^{\text{a}}\) & 34.52 \(\pm\) 1.60 \({}^{\text{a}}\) & 4.71 \(\pm\) 0.27 \({}^{\text{c}}\) & 36.91 \(\pm\) 5.41 \({}^{\text{a}}\) & 21.74 \(\pm\) 0.06 \({}^{\text{b}}\) & 1935 \\
**7** & Erucin & 16.35 \(\pm\) 4.16 \({}^{\text{b}}\) & 21.63 \(\pm\) 0.74 \({}^{\text{b}}\) & 44.17 \(\pm\) 4.19 \({}^{\text{a}}\) & 16.06 \(\pm\) 0.82 \({}^{\text{b}}\) & 37.96 \(\pm\) 3.27 \({}^{\text{a}}\) & 2143 \\ \hline  & **Sulphur compounds** & **19.15 \(\pm\) 0.81 \({}^{\text{a}}\)** & **13.23 \(\pm\) 0.05 \({}^{\text{bc}}\)** & **10.08 \(\pm\) 1.51 \({}^{\text{c}}\)** & **15.02 \(\pm\) 1.03 \({}^{\text{b}}\)** & **10.57 \(\pm\) 1.11 \({}^{\text{c}}\)** & \\ \hline
**8** & Methyl disulphide & 0.92 \(\pm\) 0.11 \({}^{\text{b}}\) & 0.62 \(\pm\) 0.05 \({}^{\text{c}}\) & 1.47 \(\pm\) 0.01 \({}^{\text{a}}\) & 0.54 \(\pm\) 0.01 \({}^{\text{c}}\) & 1.14 \(\pm\) 0.05 \({}^{\text{b}}\) & 746 \\
**9** & Dimethyl sulphide & 3.30 \(\pm\) 1.56 \({}^{\text{a}}\) & 3.32 \(\pm\) 0.35 \({}^{\text{a}}\) & 3.22 \(\pm\) 1.20 \({}^{\text{a}}\) & 3.57 \(\pm\) 0.01 \({}^{\text{a}}\) & 3.82 \(\pm\) 0.57 \({}^{\text{a}}\) & 760 \\
**10** & Dimethyl risulphide & 0.18 \(\pm\) 0.04 \({}^{\text{a}}\) & 0.08 \(\pm\) 0.01 \({}^{\text{a}}\) & 0.33 \(\pm\) 0.05 \({}^{\text{a}}\) & 0.14 \(\pm\) 0.04 \({}^{\text{a}}\) & 0.07 \(\pm\) 0.01 \({}^{\text{a}}\) & 1385 \\
**11** & Dimethyl Sulfoxide & 1.37 \(\pm\) 0.19 \({}^{\text{a}}\) & 1.86 \(\pm\) 0.18 \({}^{\text{a}}\) & 1.91 \(\pm\) 0.21 \({}^{\text{a}}\) & 1.77 \(\pm\) 0.13 \({}^{\text{a}}\) & 1.66 \(\pm\) 0.11 \({}^{\text{a}}\) & 1577 \\
**12** & Dihydro-2\(H\)-thiopyran-3(4\(H\))-one & 13.09 \(\pm\) 2.64 \({}^{\text{a}}\) & 6.98 \(\pm\) 0.56 \({}^{\text{bc}}\) & 2.79 \(\pm\) 0.12 \({}^{\text{c}}\) & 8.76 \(\pm\) 0.82 \({}^{\text{ab}}\) & 3.49 \(\pm\) 0.37 \({}^{\text{c}}\) & 1845 \\
**13** & Dimethyl sulfone & 0.31 \(\pm\) 0.01 \({}^{\text{a}}\) & 0.39 \(\pm\) 0.04 \({}^{\text{a}}\) & 0.38 \(\pm\) 0.04 \({}^{\text{a}}\) & 0.25 \(\pm\) 0.05 \({}^{\text{a}}\) & 0.40 \(\pm\) 0.03 \({}^{\text{a}}\) & 1899 \\ \hline  & **Ketones** & **10.20 \(\pm\) 0.81 \({}^{\text{b}}\)** & **13.85 \(\pm\) 0.73 \({}^{\text{ab}}\)** & **15.48 \(\pm\) 1.66 \({}^{\text{a}}\)** & **11.64 \(\pm\) 0.72 \({}^{\text{ab}}\)** & **11.36 \(\pm\) 0.58 \({}^{\text{b}}\)** & \\ \hline
**14** & 2,5-Dimethyl-3-hexanone & 0.04 \(\pm\) 0.01 \({}^{\text{bc}}\) & Nd \(\pm\) 0.00 \({}^{\text{d}}\) & 0.20 \(\pm\) 0.01 \({}^{\text{a}}\) & 0.12 \(\pm\) 0.02 \({}^{\text{b}}\) & 0.10 \(\pm\) 0.04 \({}^{\text{b}}\) & 1188 \\
**15** & 3-Hydroxbutan-2-one & 0.06 \(\pm\) 0.01 \({}^{\text{a}}\) & 0.05 \(\pm\) 0.00 \({}^{\text{a}}\) & 0.07 \(\pm\) 0.01 \({}^{\text{a}}\) & 0.05 \(\pm\) 0.01 \({As shown in Table 1, seven kinds of hydrolyses were detected in the control rocket sample, including: methyl thiocyanate, two ITCs (1-butene 4-isothiocyanate, 4-methylthio-butyl isothiamate), and four nitriles (4-methylthio butanenitrile, 5-methyl hexanenitrile, heptanentiriles, 5-methylthiopentanontril).