# Static Evaluation of a Midimew Connected Torus Network for Next Generation Supercomputers
## 6 Conclusions  
This paper analyzed the proposed HIN for a large number of nodes for exascale and zetta-scale computational power. In this study, the static performance was completed by simulating the network. The simulation of the network-level connections resulted in low diameter and average distance values. The MTN was compared with both conventional mesh and torus networks. In addition, the comparison included hierarchal networks, such as TESH, TTN, TFBN, and MMN. We used simulations to evaluate an MTN via staticparameters, including the node degree, the diameter, the average distance, the bisection width, the arc connectivity, and the wire complexity. In addition, a cost-effective analysis of the network was conducted based on the following parameters: MTD, CEF, CPTF, TCEF, packing density, and cost. Our results provide a solid foundation for further research and implementation.  
This study showed that MTNs have good features with respect to network connectivity, fault tolerance, and bandwidth, as the MTN had lower parameters than conventional networks. However, it was higher than for the TFBN while not as high as the TESH. The MTN had a lower average distance than all of the other networks, except for the TFBN. In addition, in terms of static performance, the MTN had a high CPTF; moderate TCEF and MTD; and low packing density. However, the MTN had a high cost factor, as compared to other networks, although it was still lower than that of mesh. This was the result of better bandwidth and its high fault tolerance. In this case, a practical implementation of a supercomputer may consider the relative required features for specified tasks to determine an appropriate compromise.  
The MTN was shown to be a promising HIN. Therefore, future work could include dynamic performance evaluations [36; 38]. In addition, since this research evaluated the network with a single configuration, that is, MTNs (2,2,0), additional configurations should be assessed to determine the best layout. However, the current MTN was assessed in terms of static topological parameters and several cost factors, and these results may promote fast-emerging technological advances.  
Conceptualization, M.M.H.R. and A.H.; methodology, M.M.H.R. and A.H.; software, M.A.-S.; validation, M.M.H.R. and A.H.; formal analysis, M.A.-S.; investigation, M.M.H.R. and A.H.; resources, M.M.H.R. data curation, M.A.-S.; writing--original draft preparation, M.A.-S.; writing--review and editing, M.M.H.R. and A.H.; visualization, M.A.-S.; supervision, M.M.H.R. and A.H.; project administration, A.H.; funding acquisition M.A.-S. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript. This work was supported by the Deanship of Scientific Research, Vice Presidency for Graduate Studies and Scientific Research, King Faisal University, Saudi Arabia [Grant No. 3214].  
Not applicable.  
The authors extend their appreciation to the Deanship of Scientific Research, Vice Presidency for Graduate Studies and Scientific Research, King Faisal University, Saudi Arabia [Grant No. 3214]. The authors would like to thank the anonymous reviewers for their insightful scholastic comments and suggestions, which improved the quality and clarity of the paper. The authors declare no conflict of interest.