Comparative Analysis of Two Types of Combined Power-Over-Fiber and Radio-Over-Fiber Systems Using Raman Amplification for Different Link Lengths +
Footnote †: Corresponding: [PERSON]_ADDRESS] (P.K. ); [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (A.P.) [PERSON]  
1 Laboratorio de Guerra Eletronica, Instituto Tecnologico de Aeronautica (ITA),  
Sio Jose dos Campos 12228-900, SP, Brazil; [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (R.H.S. ); [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (O.L.C.) [PERSON]  
1 Laboratorio de Guerra Eletronica, Instituto Tecnologico de Aeronautica (ITA),  
Sipo Jose dos Campos 12228-900, SP, Brazil; [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (R.H.S. ); [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (O.L.C.) [PERSON]  
2 Laboratoire des Sciences et Technologies de l'Information, de la Communication et de la Connaissance (UMR 6285 Lab-Sibc), Ecole Nationale d'Ingenieurs de Brest (ENIB), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), 29238 Brest, France; [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (V.Q. ); [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (M.G. ); [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (L.G.) [PERSON]  
2 Laboratoire des Sciences et Technologies de l'Information, de la Communication et de la Connaissance (UMR 6285 Lab-Sibc), Ecole Nationale d'Ingenieurs de Brest (ENIB), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), 29238 Brest, France; [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (V.Q. ); [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (M.G. ); [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (L.G.) [PERSON]  
2 Laboratoire des Sciences et Technologies de l'Information, de la Communication et de la Connaissance (UMR 6285 Lab-Sibc), Ecole Nationale d'Ingenieurs de Brest (ENIB), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), 29238 Brest, France; [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (V.Q. ); [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (M.G. ); [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (L.G.) Footnote 2: email: {laboratoire.goire.goire. Studies have been carried out to evaluate the crosstalk between the data signal and the HPLS, evaluating the error vector magnitude (EVM) and bit error rate (BER) for Raman links using multimode fibers (MMFs) [6]. Additionally, research on Raman amplification for passive optical networks (PONs) using different fiber lengths vs. BER [7] was recently published. The influence of Raman amplification on the 5G signal through the EVM has also been studied [3]. An approach considering the use of PoF and RoF on the same optical fiber has been presented, but without considering Raman amplification [8]. The versatility of these techniques extends to numerous applications, including powering remote sensors [9], monitoring systems [10,11], remote antenna units [12], IoT devices [12, 13, 14, 15], and satellite antennas [16]. A notable application for low-power systems is the implementation of drone control networks. Drones have recently been employed in various fields, ranging from video capture to synthetic aperture radar (SAR) operations, among others [17,18]. Another promising use case is the deployment of antenna networks for drone detection and tracking [19]. Several studies have evaluated the performance of RoF-PoF systems with Raman amplification in terms of EVM or BER [3,6,7,12] for specific modulation formats such as QPSK, 16 QAM, 64 QAM, and 256 QAM. This study presents a complementary analysis of analog figures of merit for a bandwidth of 2 MHz, regardless of the data modulation format, offering an alternative to traditional digital transmission analyses, which are typically evaluated through EVM or BER. The evaluation focuses on three key parameters: RF gain (\(\mathrm{G_{RF}}\)), noise figure (NF), and spurious-free dynamic range (SFDR). The evaluation provides a comprehensive assessment of the system's performance prior to data processing. In a previous publication, we presented a study of the effects of Raman amplification on RoF link performance by using classical figures of merit [20], but without considering the influence of the link length. However, the length of the used fiber can have a significant effect on noise during transmission, given the interactions between the high power and the RF optical carrier. In particular, amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) noise and relative intensity noise (RIN) transfer can be generated during propagation along the fiber.