esa-sceva/satcom-chunk-collection huggingface dataset:
## 3 Results
### Influence of Phenology on the Carbon Cycle  
#### 3.3.1 Influence of Phenology on GPP  
Figure 9 displays the spatial distribution of correlation coefficients, highlighting the significance of the relationships among SOS, EOS, and LOS with GPP. Figure 9a,c,e displays the spatial correlations among SOS, EOS, and LOS with GPP, while Figure 9b,d,f displays the significance test results for these correlations.  
Analyzing Figure 9a,b, it can be seen that 29.01% of Hangzhou forests had correlation coefficients between SOS and GPP greater than 0, with the majority located in the northern  
Figure 9: Spatial distribution of correlation (**a**) and significance (**b**) of SOS and GPP, correlation (**c**) and significance (**d**) of EOS with GPP, and correlation (**e**) and significance (**f**) of LOS with GPP.  
part of Lin'an and the western area of Tonglu. However, only 1.67% of the total area had coefficients greater than 0.4, while 70.99% had coefficients less than 0. Notably, 26.75% of the area had correlation coefficients in the range of \(-\)0.2 to 0.4. This indicates that the climatic factor SOS shows an inverse relationship with GPP in most of the Hangzhou forests, suggesting that an earlier onset of the growing season positively influences GPP.  
Analyzing Figure 9c,d, the correlation coefficients between EOS and GPP in Hangzhou forests were widely distributed, with 81.93% showing positive correlations. A total of 32.57% had correlation coefficients between 0.2 and 0.4, and 21.92% had correlation coefficients greater than 0.4. In contrast, 18.07% of the area had negative correlations, primarily in the northwestern part of Lin'an and the northeastern part of Chun'an, with only 0.67% having correlation values less than -0.4. This suggests that EOS and GPP are positively correlated in the majority of forest in Hangzhou, indicating that a delay in EOS positively influences GPP.  
Analyzing Figure 9e,f, the correlation coefficients between LOS and GPP in Hangzhou forests were widely distributed, with 84.45% showing positive correlations. Among these, 33.02% had coefficients between 0.2 and 0.4, and 26.23% had coefficients greater than 0.4. Conversely, 15.55% had negative correlations, with only 0.59% of the area showing coefficients less than \(-\)0.4, mainly in the northwest area of Lin'an. This indicates that the majority of forests in Hangzhou have a positive relationship between LOS and GPP, suggesting that a longer growing season positively influences GPP.
## 2 MBC Transform  
This section provides an overview of the IPC and multi-blade coordination (MBC) transformations in three-blade wind turbines for 1P harmonic blade load mitigation. The azimuth-dependent MBC transform is a mathematical technique for integrating and expressing the dynamics of blades in a fixed (non-rotating) frame. With the MBC transform, the rotating blade moments can be converted into two components in a non-rotating reference frame: the tilt \(\mathrm{M_{t}}\) and the yaw \(\mathrm{M_{y}}\) moments [7]. In the case of the MBC transform for harmonic 1P, the rotating out-of-plane (OoP) bending moments of the three blades are arranged in the vector \(\mathbf{M(t)}=[\mathrm{M_{1}(t)}\ \mathrm{M_{2}(t)}\ \mathrm{M_{3}(t)}]^{\mathrm{T}}\). This vector is then provided to the forward MBC transform matrix \(\mathbf{T(\psi)}\) to calculate the azimuth-independent moments in the fixed frame, i.e., \(\mathrm{M_{t}(t)}\) and \(\mathrm{M_{y}(t)}\). This is illustrated below:  
\[\begin{bmatrix}M_{t}(t)\\ M_{y}(t)\end{bmatrix}=\mathbf{T(\psi)}\mathbf{M(t)}. \tag{1}\]  
The three-element vector \(\mathbf{\Psi}\) is an array with the azimuthal angle of each blade. The vertical upright position of the blade is represented by a zero value for its angle. The forward transformation matrix is given in:  
\[\mathbf{T(\psi)}=\frac{2}{3}\begin{bmatrix}\cos(\psi_{1})&\cos(\psi_{2})&\cos( \psi_{3})\\ \sin(\psi_{1})&\sin(\psi_{2})&\sin(\psi_{3})\end{bmatrix}. \tag{2}\]  
Then, the tilt and yaw pitch angles, \(\mathrm{\beta_{t}(t)}\) and \(\mathrm{\beta_{y}(t)}\), respectively, are computed typically by a decentralized control in the IPC block in order to reduce the two components \(\mathrm{M_{t}}\) and \(\mathrm{M_{y}}\). Subsequently, these two non-rotating pitch signals are converted into the rotational reference system to calculate the IPC components in the rotating frame:  
\[\begin{bmatrix}\beta_{IPC1}(t)\\ \beta_{IPC2}(t)\\ \beta_{IPC3}(t)\end{bmatrix}=\mathbf{T}^{-1}(\psi+\psi_{o})\begin{bmatrix}\beta_{ t}(t)\\ \beta_{y}(t)\end{bmatrix}. \tag{3}\]  
This transformation is calculated by means of the reverse MBC transform, \(\mathbf{T}^{-1}\), which is given in Equation (4). The parameter \(\psi_{o}\) is the azimuth offset, which can reduce the coupling effects that remain between the two components in the fixed reference system. Each IPC component is added to the CPC signal \(\beta_{\mathrm{CFC}}\) to compute the pitch command value for each blade \(\mathrm{\beta_{i}}\).  
\[\mathbf{T}^{-1}=\begin{bmatrix}\cos(\psi_{1}+\psi_{o})&\sin(\psi_{1}+\psi_{o})\\ \cos(\psi_{2}+\psi_{o})&\sin(\psi_{2}+\psi_{o})\\ \cos(\psi_{3}+\psi_{o})&\sin(\psi_{3}+\psi_{o})\end{bmatrix} \tag{4}\]
# Assessment of the Length and Depth of Delamination-Type Defects Using Ultrasonic Guided Waves
###### Abstract  
Fiber-reinforced composite laminates are being increasingly used in various engineering components in the sectors of aerospace and green energy. Due to impacts throughout the service life of the structure, matrix breakage and delaminations significantly altering the structural integrity of the laminate can occur. Hence, robust guided wave structural health monitoring systems are required to ensure continuous safety of engineering structures. In this paper, the ultrasonic method based on the analysis of A\({}_{0}\) mode reflecting within the defected area has been proposed to extract the length and the depth of the delamination-type defect. The technique proposed in this study extracts the depth of the damage by analyzing the magnitude variations of direct A\({}_{0}\) mode which are caused by the difference of wave velocities in the upper and lower sub-laminates. This results in an altering and frequency-dependent forward-scattered amplitude of direct A\({}_{0}\) mode. Furthermore, the proposed approach uses previously obtained information about the depth of the defect, which allows for the determination of the phase velocities of A\({}_{0}\) and S\({}_{0}\) modes in the upper and lower sub-laminates. As a result, the accuracy of the damage length estimation is increased. The performance of the proposed method was proven with 2D and 3D numerical simulations and experiments on samples with artificial defects. The method validation results showed that the proposed method with some limitations is capable of extracting the length of delamination with an approximate error below 6%.  
structural health monitoring; composites; ultrasonic testing; guided waves; delamination +
Footnote †: journal: Applied Physics Letters  
Article
## 1 Introduction
### Related Work  
[PERSON] et al. [5] introduced an on-board sensing approach for a quadcopter system capable of achieving autonomous navigation and landing on a movable target location. [PERSON] et al. [6] proposed a similar approach with an on-board computation based on optical flow and image-based detection where the target landing location was denoted by means of placing several concentric white rings on a black background to enhance the landing marker contrast. Moreover, [PERSON] et al. [7] introduced a simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) method based on a monocular camera to build a map of an environment for achieving autonomous hovering for a micro aerial vehicle. Based on the monocular SLAM method, the micro aerial vehicle was capable of stabilizing while navigating by using only the on-board embedded sensors. However, the proposed method required an external sensor (in this case, a RGB-D sensor was used) for the pose estimation computation, and therefore a calibration procedure is required to achieve the autonomous navigation.  
On the other hand, several researchers have proposed different methods for the navigation control of a quadcopter than the conventional proportional-integral and derivative (PID) controller (which it is one of the most widely used controller in industry). For example, [PERSON] proposed in [8] a method where a linear-quadratic (LQ)-controller is used together with a PID controller for the autonomous navigation of a quadcopter. However, if different kinds of environmental sensors have to be embedded onboard a micro aerial vehicle, the model-based control has to be re-designed as the model needs to be coherent with the changes in the system specifications. Therefore, the control design process may be even more complex in order to compensate for the model discrepancies, and therefore it may require more time to find a suitable control strategy. On the other hand, the tuning of the PID controllers may be a tedious time-consuming process. However, there are several tuning methods that have been introduced in industry to obtain a fast and acceptable performance.  
As indicated above, most of the proposed approaches depend on still external sensors, advanced calibration procedures, as well as complex control strategies without analyzing the effect on the effective flight time due to the use of additional on-board sensors (e.g., camera, environmental sensors, etc.). Moreover, the most suitable PID tuning method for a micro aerial vehicle while changing the specifications of the system (due to the possibility of exchanging different on-board environmental sensors) is an issue that has been scarcely analyzed.
# Autonomous Cyber-Physical Systems Enabling Smart Positive Energy Districts
## 3 Emerging Technologies Enabling Positive Energy Districts
### Edge Computing
_Smart Lighting and Street Infrastructure_: Edge nodes control public lighting based on occupancy, daylight, and weather; hence, unnecessary energy use and maintenance costs are reduced. 6. _EV Charging Optimization_: Local edge systems coordinate electric vehicle (EV) charging schedules. Hence, grid overload is avoided and charging is aligned with renewable energy availability. 7. _Building Energy Management Systems (BEMS) Integration_: Edge computing integrates diverse BEMSs across a PED for holistic energy management and coordinated scalable operation without reliance on a central cloud service. 8. _Occupancy and Behavioral Analytics_: Edge devices use occupancy sensors and machine learning to analyze usage patterns. For example, an edge AI model can adjust heating and lighting in shared spaces based on real-time presence detection. This improves comfort and energy efficiency without sending personal data to the cloud. 9. _Predictive Maintenance for Infrastructure_: Edge analytics monitor equipment (HVAC, solar inverters, etc.) for signs of failure. For example, local edge nodes detect anomalies in energy equipment and alert maintenance crews before breakdowns. This reduces downtime and extends asset life with minimal data transfer. 10. _Security and Surveillance Systems_: Real-time edge-based video processing enhances safety with minimal bandwidth usage for improved security without the need to store sensitive video data in the cloud.
# Diagenesis of Deep Low Permeability Reservoir in Huizhou Sag and Its Influence on Reservoirs
## 2 Geological Background  
### Tectonics  
The Pearl River Mouth Basin is located on the southern margin of the Chinese continent (Figure 1A). Its basement is the Yanshanian rock mass and Paleogene fold. The tectonic zone is bounded by the Xijiang Sag to the west, the Huilu Low Sag to the east, the Dongsha Sag to the south, and the North Fault Terrace to the north. The tectonic zone is a large-scale meso-Cenozoic sedimentary basin with a length of about 800 km, a width in the range of 100-300 km, and a total area of approximately 7400 km\({}^{2}\)[40]. It consists of four depression zones, including the Zhu-I Depression, the Zhu-II Depression, the Zhu-II Depression, and the Chaoshan Depression, and three uplift zones, including the North Uplift Zone, the Central Uplift Zone, and the Southern Uplift Zone (Figure 1B). The Huizhou Sag is located in the southwest part of the Zhu I Sag, a set of simple fault depression basins formed since the early Tertiary [41]. The geological evolution of the Huizhou Sag has been significantly influenced by the Philippine Sea Plate, Eurasian Plate, and Indo-Australian Plate. In the Cenozoic era, it mainly experienced three tectonic events: the continental rift stage, the Paleogene and Miocene passive continental margin stage (post-rift stage), and the Late Miocene-Quaternary Neotectonic stage. It encompasses five depressions (Huixi, Huibei, Huiman, Huidong, and Luxi) and two uplifts (Huizhong and Huidong) [40; 41].  
Figure 1: A structural map of the Huizhou Sag in the Peral River Mouth Basin [37]. (**A**) The geographical location of the Pearl River Mouth Basin. (**B**) A location map of the Huizhou Sag, the Pearl River Mouth Basin. (**C**) The locations of the study area and sample well.
## 4 Case Study
### Identification and Specification of the Grid Components  
The first step to develop as indicated in the previous section is to identify and describe all the elements that are connected to the network (see Figure 5). In this case, these are detailed below:  
* Photovoltaic: four series of six photovoltaic panels (210 W each one) for a total of 5 kW. Panels are polycrystalline silicon and are assembled on a floor structure with a variable inclination angle and are connected to a 5 kW inverter (Ingeteam-Ingecon Sun Lite). It is necessary to connect with the inverter to be able to read instantaneous power values. This model of inverter has a network card included which allows to connect it directly to the CEDER data network (Ethernet) and enables communication via Modbus TCP/IP.
* Wind power: there is a three-blade horizontal axis small wind turbine. Diameter 15 m and 50 kW power. It is operating leeward. A National Instruments FieldPoint is installed to measure variables such as wind speed, power, etc. and can be connected to the CEDER data network via Modbus TCP/IP protocol. With the installation of this element, it is possible to have a data register as this wind turbine does not have a previous connection.
* Battery energy storage system (BESS): formed by 120 Pb-acid cells. Total voltage: 240 V, capacity: 1080 Ah at 120 h (C\({}_{120}\)). BESS is connected to a 50 kW charger/regulator/ inverter. The inverter is connected with a SCADA for battery control via RS485 to the serial port of a computer. The control system of the microgrid to be developed will communicate locally with the charger using Modbus RTU protocol.
* Consumption: loads of the microgrid come from the buildings located inside the part of the CEDER where the laboratories and workshops are located. Consumption is measured by means of power quality/grid analyzers (PQube) that allow connection to the CEDER's data network via Ethernet and Modbus TCP/IP communication. These  
Figure 4: CEDER location and distribution. Source: prepared by authors.  
are installed in the low voltage part of the transformation centre. For this case study, there are no critical loads that need to be supplied in the event of failure or serious disturbance of the microgrid.
## 1 Introduction  
### Background and Purpose  
In recent years, there has been a gradual shift in focus towards sustainable development, environmental protection, and the promotion of a green economy [1; 2]. Furthermore, the problems of resource shortages and environmental pollution caused by industrial development have also gradually emerged [3]. The advent of ISO 26000 [4] has prompted the international community to actively promote sustainable design management [5]. Currently, all industries are engaged in the exploration and pursuit of sustainable development models. Among these, product design is closely connected to people's everyday lives, and integrating the concept of sustainable development into product design can better align with the current core trend of development in the field of industrial design [6; 7; 8]. The replacement of materials during the iteration of a product will result in a different user experience. In the context of sustainable product design, the utilization of sustainable materials is frequently regarded as a pivotal factor [9; 10]. There is a discernible correlation between the minimalist design style in product design and sustainable development, characterized by a commonality of moderation, essence, and efficiency [11]. Nevertheless, it appears that utilizing sustainable materials alone in product design is unable to fulfill the user's innate desire for product appearance, their behavioral need for user experience, and their spiritual need for environmental protection [12]. The challenge for product designers today is to select suitable sustainable materials for product design and production while also satisfying the user experience and achieving a balance between the usability and aesthetics of the product [13]. In the context of new sustainable materials, designers tend to rely on past design experience and industry standards for design attempts [14], which is not only inefficient but also likely to reduce the user experience due to the material performance of the designed product. Consequently, it is crucial to employ scientific methodologies to optimally integrate emotional design and sustainable product design.  
The objective of this paper is to propose a design model based on the BP neural network, which combines emotional design and sustainable product design. This model aims to provide a theoretical and factual basis for the selection and use of sustainable materials in future sustainable product design.
## 3 Results and Discussion
### Pro-Apoptotic Effects of 2 mg/mL_HB-AuNPs  
The study further evaluated the mechanism of HB-AuNPs that resulted in the death of PC-3 cells using the ApopercentageTM assay. The assay is based on the uptake of the ApopercentageTM (3.4,5, tetrachloro-2\({}^{\prime}\),\({}^{\prime}\),\({}^{\prime}\),7\({}^{\prime}\)-tetraiodofluorescein/TCTF) dye by cells undergoing apoptosis, that have their phosphatidylserine translocated to the cell surface [34]. Treatment with HBE and 2 mg/mL_HB-AuNPs induced changes in cell shape or morphology, such as rounded shape and detachment (data not shown), that implicated apoptosis as one of the possible mechanisms of cell death [34]. These effects were more pronounced in cells treated with the HB-AuNPs and ceramide when compared with cells treated with HBE. Ceramide, as an inducer of apoptosis, was used as a positive control. Figure 10 confirmed that the PC-3 cells treated with ceramide (positive control), HB-AuNPs, and HBE were undergoing apoptotic cell death. It should also be noted that a significant effect with HBE treatment occurred at a concentration that was ten-times (1 mg/mL) higher than the HB-AuNPs (100 mg/mL) and these effects were three-fold lower (19.5%) than the HB-AuNPs (64%).  
It was reported in previous studies that the majority of the polyphenolic constituents of HB (in particular MGF and hesperidin) can modulate inflammatory and apoptotic signaling pathways related to oxidative stress [13]. It is not clear at this stage which mechanism is responsible for the selective anti-cancer activity of the 2 mg/mL_HB-AuNPs. However, several studies have shown that plant-mediated AuNPs usually target receptors that are differentially expressed in cancer cells, such as laminin [54; 55]. Laminin receptors are overexpressed in PC-3 cells and were targeted by MGF-AuNPs in PC-3 cell tumor xenografts in mice. However, confirmatory studies are warranted to study or identify the genes affected by the 2 mg/mL_HB-AuNPs and the polyphenols responsible for these actions [54].  
Figure 10: Apoptosis-mediated PC-3 cell death induced by HB-AuNPs. The cells were treated with 1 mg/mL of HBE and 100 mg/mL of HB-AuNPs for 24 h; apoptosis was assessed by the ApopercentageTM assay. Distribution (**A**) and quantification (**B**) of PC-3 cells that were positive for TCTF. —TCTF, unstained cells; +TCTF, ApopercentageTM-dye-stained cells. \(p<0.05\) was considered to be statistically significant for untreated vs. treated samples. \(p\leq 0.001\).
## 5 Deployment of PLC for Smart Metering and Smart Grid Systems
### Grid Aspects with Influence in PLC Systems Design
#### 5.2.5 PLC Signal Repetition in the Grid  
Whether in MV or in LV grid, signal to noise ratio in the different communication links determines the maximum distance that can be covered. If the distance is shorter than the reach needed by the adjacent communication points (either two SSs in MV, or the SS and a meter in the LV), the difficulty that this limitation may impose is the impossibility to communicate the two distant points, and this obstacle (if the chosen PLC system is fixed and the grid conditions--distance and/or noise--cannot be changed) can only be overcome if PLC signal repetition is possible. Depending on the type of grid (mainly overhead or underground), the possibilities to connect devices to the grid to perform this repetition are different. If the repetition is to happen on the overhead grid, cable access might be easy (Figures 2 and 3 for MV and LV, respectively); if the repetition is needed in an underground grid, the devices can only be
# A Usable Encryption Solution for File-Based Geospatial Data within a Database File System
###### Abstract  
Developing a security solution for spatial files within today's enterprise Geographical Information System (GIS) that is also usable presents a multifaceted challenge. These files exist in \"data silos\" of different file server types, resulting in limited collaboration and increased vulnerability. While cloud-based data storage offers many benefits, the associated security concerns have limited its uptake in GIS, making it crucial to explore comparable alternative security solutions that can be deployed on-premise and are also usable. This paper introduces a reasonably usable security solution for spatial files within collaborative enterprise GIS. We explore a Database File System (DBFS) as a potential repository to consolidate and manage spatial files based on its enterprise document management capabilities and security features inherited from the underlying legacy DBMS. These files are protected using the Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) algorithm with practical encryption times of 8 MB per second. The final part focuses on an automated encryption solution with schemes for single- and multi-user files that is compatible with various GIS programs and protocol services. Usability testing is carried out to assess the solution's usability and focuses on effectiveness, efficiency, and user satisfaction, with the results demonstrating its usability based on the minimal changes it makes to how users work in a collaborative enterprise GIS environment. The solution furnishes a viable means for consolidating and protecting spatial files with various formats at the storage layer within enterprise GIS.  
spatial file security; usability; database file system; encryption; ECMSDK; multi-user files +
Footnote †: journal: Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems  
1
Footnote 1: [[https://doi.org/10.3390/jcp4020015](https://doi.org/10.3390/jcp4020015)]([https://doi.org/10.3390/jcp4020015](https://doi.org/10.3390/jcp4020015))