# A Systematic Review of Responsible Artificial Intelligence Principles and Practice
## 4 Finding 2: Foundations of Responsibility  
The concept of \"responsibility\" is foundational across ethics, law, governance, professional practice, and increasingly, as it relates to our development and use of technology. However, it is not a singular or uniform idea. Rather, responsibility takes on different forms depending on context, each with its own philosophical, legal, or organizational implications. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{l l l} \hline \hline
**Topic** & **Article Count** & **Percentage** \\ \hline Topic 0: AI in Healthcare and Digital Medicine & 120 & 22\% \\ Keywords: Healthcare, digital health, patient care, decision support, medical education, physicians & 61 & 11.2\% \\ \hline Topic 1: Responsible AI Principles and Stakeholder Governance & 53 & 9.7\% \\ Keywords: RAI principles, stakeholder engagement, governance, software engineering, acquisition, RAI tools & 41 & 7.5\% \\ \hline Topic 2: ChatGPT and Academic Integrity in Education & 53 & 9.7\% \\ Keywords: ChatGPT education, academic integrity, student assessment, higher education, education, educators, academic, students & 47 & 8.6\% \\ \hline Topic 3: Transparency, Accountability, and Human Rights in AI & 54 & 8.1\% \\ Keywords: Accountability, transparency, intelligibility, human rights, privacy, governance, decision & 41 & 7.5\% \\ \hline Topic 4: AI-driven Finance, Regulation, and Corporate Accountability & 56 & 6.6\% \\ Keywords: Financial regulation, corporate digital, auditing, compliance, accountability & 57 & 4.4\% \\ \hline Topic 5: Generative AI, Creativity, and Intellectual Property & 58 & 4.4\% \\ Keywords: Generative applications, adversarial, creativity, natural language, infringement, copyright & 59 & 4.2\% \\ \hline Topic 6: Moral Agency, Accountability, and AI & 58 & 5.9\% \\ Keywords: Moral judgments, judgement, moral agency, human agents, accountability, robots & 59 & 5.9\% \\ \hline Topic 7: Explainable and Interpretable AI (XAI) & 59 & 5.9\% \\ Keywords: Explainable XAI, interpretability, algorithmic, explanations & 59 & 5.9\% \\ \hline Topic 8: National AI Strategies and Policy Governance & 59 & 5.9\% \\ Keywords: Governance policy, national strategies, national policies, governments & 59 & 5.9\% \\ \hline Topic 9: Sustainable AI for Agriculture and the Environment & 59 & 5.9\% \\ Keywords: Smart farming, environmental sustainability, IoT, precision agriculture, environmental & 59 & 5.9\% \\ conservation, sustainable business, sustainable goals, renewable energy & 59 & 5.9\% \\ \hline Topic 10: Legal and Judicial Frameworks for AI & 59 & 5.9\% \\ Keywords: Law, International law, legal liability, judicial, predictive justice, legal operation & 59 & 5.9\% \\ \hline Topic 11: Algorithmic Bias, Privacy, and Human–AI Collaboration & 59 & 5.9\% \\ Keywords: Algorithmic bias, human AI collaboration, trust software, humanitarian, human ai, humanitarian actors & 59 & 5.9\% \\ \hline Topic 12: AI-Driven Cybersecurity and the Metaverse & 59 & 5.9\% \\ Keywords: Cybersecurity, semantic metaverse, cyber threats, virtual reality & 59 & 5.9\% \\ \hline Topic 13: Designing for Trust and Trustworthiness in AI & 59 & 5.9\% \\ Keywords: Trustworthiness, trust design, trust judgments, evaluate trust & 59 & 5.9\% \\ \hline Topic 14: Federated and Privacy Preserving AI & 59 & 5.9\% \\ Keywords: Privacy federated, privacy preserving, federated learning, data privacy & 59 & 5.9\% \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 2: Topics from Finding 1—by theme, article count and percentage. This section presents key types of responsibility that are formally recognized in academic and institutional discourse, and in doing so, develops context for the subsequent sections focusing on the responsible principles and practice of AI. Moral Responsibility: Moral responsibility refers to the ethical duty of individuals or groups to act according to moral norms, such as fairness, compassion, and justice.