## 2 Review of Related Works
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Ref** & **Geography Focus** & \
\begin{tabular}{c} **Technological** \\ **Focus** \\ \end{tabular} & **Research Objectives** &
\begin{tabular}{c} **Methodology** \\ **Handering IoT Adoption** \\ \end{tabular} \\ \hline
[52] & China & Construction & \begin{tabular}{c} Investigate factors influencing the adoption \\ of the IoT by construction companies \\ in China. \\ \end{tabular} & \
\begin{tabular}{c} Review of the related literature, adoption \\ theories, semi-structured expert interviews, \\ and a survey via questionnaires were used \\ for data collection and regression analysis \\ was used for analyzing the data \\ \end{tabular} &
\begin{tabular}{c} External environmental pressure, perceived \\ benefit, by management support, \\ company resource readiness, adoption \\ intention, and perceived compatibility \\ \end{tabular} \\ \hline
[16] & Rwanda & Construction & \begin{tabular}{c} Investigate the adoption, application and \\ challenges of IoT technologies \\ in the Rwanda construction industry. \\ \end{tabular} & \
\begin{tabular}{c} Descriptive survey research method using a \\ questionnaire with \\ closed- and open-ended questions. Data \\ analysis carried out using frequencies, mean \\ scores, and \\ Student’s \(t\)-tests \\ \end{tabular} &
\begin{tabular}{c} Lack of training centers, lack of IoT \\ awareness, lack of expertise, poor internet \\ connectivity, etc. \\ \end{tabular} \\ \hline
[27] & Europe & \begin{tabular}{c} Smart cities, \\ autonomous \\ driving, wearables \\ and smart \\ agriculture \\ \end{tabular} & \begin{tabular}{c} Explore IoT adoption barriers in four \\ large-scale pilots in Europe. \\ \end{tabular} & \
\begin{tabular}{c} Literature review, workshops, and \\ interviews were used to determine relevant \\ IoT adoption barriers \\ \end{tabular} &
\begin{tabular}{c} Trust, cost, perceived value, privacy, \\ and security \\ \end{tabular} \\ \hline
[53] & US & Agriculture & \
\begin{tabular}{c} Explore IoT adoption barriers in precision \\ agriculture practices in the Midwestern \\ (Indiana) region of the US. \\ \end{tabular} &
\begin{tabular}{c} Focus group interviewer sessions conducted \\ with eighteen subject matter experts (SME) \\ in IoT-based precision agriculture practices \\ and power consumption \\ \end{tabular} \\ \hline
[29] & Nigeria & Education & \begin{tabular}{c} Investigate the behavioral intentions of \\ students and staff at tertiary institutions in \\ Kaduna meteoroids to adopt IoT technology \\ for educational purposes. \\ \end{tabular} & \
\begin{tabular}{c} A quantitative method for data collection \\ involving a field survey conducted through \\ online questionnaires administered to 300 \\ respondents. Partial least squares structural \\ equation modeling was used for \\ data analysis \\ \end{tabular} &
\begin{tabular}{c} Performance expectancy, \\ effort expectancy, and \\ resolutions. Partial least squares structural \\ behavioral intentions to use IoT technology \\ \end{tabular} \\ \hline
[15] & Nigeria & Education & \begin{tabular}{c} Review IoT implementation challenges \\ in Nigeria. \\ \end{tabular} & \
\begin{tabular}{c} Literature review and survey via the use \\ of questionnaires \\ \end{tabular} &
\begin{tabular}{c} Fraud, lack of power supply, religion, \\ technical know-how, \\ cost of implementing IoT, \\ government policy, cyber attacks, privacy, \\ security, and fear of loss of jobs \\ \end{tabular} \\ \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 1: Cont. The IoT in e-government services has the potential to enhance public value through service efficiency and transparency. In Pakistan, [PERSON] and [PERSON] [31] explored the success factors for IoT service orchestration in smart government, identifying decision transparency, public trust, and service effectiveness as critical factors. The study emphasizes the importance of public engagement and ease of use in achieving successful IoT implementation in government services.