## 5 Dynamic Factor Calculation Result  
For the calculation of the dynamic factors of the trains in accordance to the difference speed parameters, the standard deviation of the wheel weight fluctuation is considered to be three times the value within the range of 99.7% (excess probability inclusion rate up to t = 3, refer to Figure 3), as is compliant to the standard dynamic load calculation method outlined in KR C-14030. Wheel load fluctuation standard deviation calculation is shown in Table 14.  
Based on the standard deviation value, \(\text{DAF}_{\text{Field}}\) was calculated accordingly for the respective track types. The result is summarized in Figure 11.  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c} \hline
**Train Speed** & **Wheel Load** & **Vertical Rail Displacement** & **Total Spring Constant of Track** \\
**(km/h)** & **(kN)** & **(mm)** & **(kN/mm)** \\ \hline
85 & 89.34 & 0.98 & 91.16 \\
95 & 87.41 & 1.01 & 86.54 \\
155 & 88.24 & 1.28 & 68.93 \\
185 & 95.82 & 1.24 & 77.27 \\
195 & 98.1 & 1.12 & 87.58 \\
205 & 101.3 & 1.08 & 93.79 \\ \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}
Table 13: Total spring constant of concrete track (Field measurement).  
Figure 10: Total spring constant comparison.  
Based on the calculations of the each of the DAF conditions (\(\text{DAF}_{\text{Area}}\), \(\text{DAF}_{\text{Eisenmann}}\), and \(\text{DAF}_{\text{Field}}\)), a comprehensive comparison was conducted in accordance with the train operation speed for ballasted and concrete tracks. Results are summarized in Table 15 and Figure 12 below.  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Track Structure** & **Train Speed** & **Static Wheel Load** & **Average Wheel Load** & **Standard Deviation of** \\
**Structure** & **(km/h)** & **(kN)** & **Fluctuation** & **Wheel Load Fluctuation** \\ \hline \multirow{6}{*}{Ballasted track} & 85 & & 1.15 & 0.131 \\  & 100 & & 1.17 & 0.139 \\ \cline{1-1}  & 155 & & 1.33 & 0.147 \\ \cline{1-1}  & 185 & & 1.47 & 0.186 \\ \cline{1-1}  & 195 & & 1.53 & 0.179 \\ \cline{1-1}  & 205 & & 1.52 & 0.195 \\ \hline \multirow{6}{*}{Concrete track} & 85 & & 1.13 & 0.127 \\ \cline{1-1}  & 100 & & 1.24 & 0.117 \\ \cline{1-1}  & 155 & & 1.26 & 0.144 \\ \cline{1-1}  & 185 & & 1.24 & 0.186 \\ \cline{1-1}  & 195 & & 1.33 & 0.176 \\ \cline{1-1}  & 205 & & 1.38 & 0.153 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}
Table 14: Dynamic Stability Evaluation Parameter Comparison of Ballasted and Ballast-less tracks.  
Figure 11: Standard deviation of wheel load fluctuation comparison, (**a**) ballasted track \(\text{DAF}_{\text{Field}}\) result. (**b**) concrete track \(\text{DAF}_{\text{Field}}\) result.  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c} \hline \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**Track Structure**} & **Speed** & \multicolumn{3}{c}{**Dynamic Factor**} \\ \cline{3-5}  & **(km/h)** & **DAF\({}_{\text{Area}}\)** & **DAF\({}_{\text{Eisenmann}}\)** & **DAF\({}_{\text{Field}}\)** \\ \hline \multirow{6}{*}{Ballasted track} & 85 & 1.436 & 1.639 & 1.229 \\  & 100 & 1.513 & 1.663 & 1.270 \\ \cline{1-1}  & 155 & 1.795 & 1.750 & 1.419 \\ \cline{1-1}  & 185 & 1.949 & 1.797 & 1.499 \\ \cline{1-1}  & 195 & 2.000 & 1.813 & 1.527 \\ \cline{1-1}  & 205 & 2.052 & 1.829 & 1.554 \\ \cline{1-1}  & 85 & 1.436 & 1.639 & 1.263 \\ \cline{1-1}  & 100 & 1.513 & 1.663 & 1.347 \\ \cline{1-1}  & 155 & 1.795 & 1.750 & 1.368 \\ \cline{1-1}  & 185 & 1.949 & 1.797 & 1.389 \\ \cline{1-1}  & 195 & 2.000 & 1.813 & 1.410 \\ \cline{1-1}  & 205 & 2.052 & 1.829 & 1.473 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}
Table 15: Dynamic Factor Comparison of Ballasted and Concrete tracks.