## 3 Results
### Effect of Lizhong-Tang and M. officinalis Extracts on AAD Mice
\\ \hline  & \multicolumn{4}{c}{Normal group—untreated group; control group—antibiotic-associated diarrhea (AAD) group; _M. officinalis_ group—group orally administered with _M. officinalis_ extract, post-AAD establishment; _Lizhong-tang_ group—group orally administered with _Lizhong-tang_, post-AAD establishment. Values have been expressed as mean (\(n=5\)). Statistically significant values were compared against the control by means of one-way ANOVA followed by [PERSON]’s post-hoc test, using the software R version 3.3.3. \\ \hline  & \multicolumn{4}{c}{**Diarrhea status score**} \\ \hline
**group** & **Normal** & **Control** & _Magnolia officinalis_ & _Lizhong-tang_ \\ \hline
1 day & 0 & 10.54 \(\pm\) 1.2 & 9.81 \(\pm\) 1.1 & 9.95 \(\pm\) 1.2 \\ \hline
2 day & 0 & 7.84 \(\pm\) 1.4 & 6.91 \(\pm\) 1.2 & 5.6 \(\pm\) 1.5 \\ \hline
3 day & 0 & 7.5 \(\pm\) 1.5 & 6.51 \(\pm\) 1.8 & 5.5 \(\pm\) 1.2 \\ \hline
4 day & 0 &day, respectively, which was lower than those in the control group, although not statistically significant, but higher than those in the group administered with _Lizhong-tang_ (Table 2). Effect of Lizhong-Tang on the T-RFLP Profiles of Small Intestinal Contents, Based on Operational Taxonomic Units (OTUs)  
T-RFLP analysis was performed on the intestinal tissues containing fecal contents to determine the effect of _Lizhong-tang_ on intestinal microflora control, using CNGB (mouse and human) and MICA3.0 (RDP 16S bacterial rRNA) databases. Table 2 shows a database-based list of the bacteria expected to be included in each OTU community (Table 2). By means of T-RFLP analysis, it was found that the intestinal microbial communities of the mice in the untreated (normal), control (control), and _Lizhong-tang_-administered groups were changed substantially. The antibiotics-administered group showed a change in the intestinal microbial community compared to that of the untreated group, while the _Lizhong-tang_-administered group showed a change in the intestinal microbial community compared to that of the control group. This indicated the similarity within each group and the independence between the three groups, indicating successful establishment of the AAD model (Figure 6). The untreated group had the highest contents of OTU548 and OTU558 (Table 3). The control group showed an increase in OTU485, but its content of OTU558 and OTU548 decreased, compared to that in the untreated group (normal). The _Lizhong-tang_-administered group showed an increase in the OTU147 and OTU133 content, compared to that in the control group (Figures 7 and 8). Figure 6: Principal component analysis showing the difference in the small intestinal microbiota composition between groups. Black dot: normal group, without treatment. Blue dot: control group, with antibiotic-associated diarrhea (AAD). Red dot: sample group, _Lizhong-tang_-administered group, post-AAD establishment. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c} \hline \hline
**OTU** & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Predicted Bacteria from T-RFLP**} \\ \hline
39 & ND \\ \hline
45 & \multicolumn{2}{c}{_ND_} \\ \hline
101 & \ \begin{tabular}{c} _Prevotella ruminicola_ \\ _Alistipes finegoldi_ \\ _Bacteroides fragilis_ \\ _Bacteroides helicogenes_ \\ _Bacteroides salantitronis_ \\ _Bacteroides__al_ \\ _Bacteroides__ \end{tabular}  & \begin{tabular}{c} _Bacteroides thetaitoamicron_ \\ _Bacteroides vulgatus_ \\ _Odoribacter splandnicus_ \\ _Bacteroides helicogenes_ \\ _Bacteroides salantitronis_ \\ _Bisteroides__al_ \\ \end{tabular}  \\ \hline
133 & \ \begin{tabular}{c} _Bifidobacterium bifidum_ \\ _Bifidobacterium longum_ \\ _Bacillus anthracis_ \\ _Bacillus cereus_ \\ _Bacillus thuringiensis_ \\ _Bacillus thuringiensis_ \\ \end{tabular}  &
\begin{tabular}{c} _Bifidobacterium breve_ \\ _Bacillus subtilis_ \\ _Bifidobacterium bifidum_ \\ _Bacillus thuringiensis_ \\