# Privacy and Security in Digital Health Contact-Tracing: A Narrative Review
## 3 Results
### Privacy
#### 3.1.3 Privacy Protection  
Research has shown that individuals were more likely to adopt contact-tracing apps if they believed their privacy was preserved [80]. Perceived privacy protection was positively correlated with the use of contact-tracing apps [80]. Perceived privacy protection was a statistically significant predictor of perceived persuasiveness to adopt contact-tracing apps [81].  
In an Australian study, most participants agreed that the app design and supporting legislation provided adequate protection. However, they emphasised that privacy and voluntariness should not be compromised [82]. It was reported that users were more inclined to disclose personal information when they believed they had a reasonable level of control over it [83]. The results indicated that most users who trusted the app provider's data protection were using the contact-tracing apps [84]. It was evident that users who read privacy policies more carefully tended to perceive higher levels of privacy protection [75].  
In Ireland, 20% of the respondents were highly conscious about reading privacy policies, and 59% read the privacy policy. People may seem more relaxed about privacy, but this might be because they recognised the potential to save lives by sharing data, even though overall awareness of privacy had increased during these times [85]. In the same manner in Scotland, participants found reassurance by reading the privacy statement, considering it to be a fairly standard statement. Additionally, people were reassured by the ability to find a more detailed privacy statement on the government's information site [86]. Paying attention to privacy policies before using the app also positively influenced perceived privacy protection [75].  
Consistent with previous results, there was a positive relationship between knowledge of app privacy features and app usage [44]. Furthermore, users highlighted the significance of privacy policies in building trust in contact-tracing apps [52]. According to an analysis of tweets, users have been consistently tweeting about the lack of strong privacy policiesregarding data collection and storage. Users emphasised the necessity for enhanced privacy protections [87].  
One study was conducted on Chinese tourists and international students, both of whom did not consider the collection of location information or mandatory usage of the Malaysian contact-tracing app as an invasion of privacy [88]. A similar conclusion was reached in New Zealand; the majority of participants expressed no concerns about the contact-tracing app compromising their privacy. Reasons cited for this lack of concern included having nothing to hide, perceiving themselves as already lacking privacy due to tracking through social media, mobile phone service providers, transaction records, or other means and relying on the app's privacy features [24]. In line with that, a study in Saudi Arabia involving the university community found that users were more inclined to use the app because it was privacy-focused, requiring no sharing of personal information or location. Instead, it relied on Bluetooth to obtain and update IDs randomly, signalling a privacy-centric approach [89].