## 4 Discussion  
This study reveals that personality traits predicted various indicators of a healthy lifestyle during the COVID-19 pandemic. Extraversion, agreeableness, and conscientiousness were found to be favorable predictors of numerous aspects of a healthy lifestyle, while neuroticism was found to be a negative predictor. There was one exception to these findings. Extraversion was found to be a negative predictor of substance use. In other words, the higher the extraversion score, the less likely people were to use alcohol, tobacco, or psychoactive substances. Similar findings have previously been obtained in the areas of stimulant use, smoking, alcohol consumption, and opioid dependency [37; 38; 39]. Higher extroversion was also associated with a perceived decrease in alcohol consumption and a shift to a healthier diet among Finnish women during the COVID-19 pandemic [40]. Furthermore, during the COVID-19 pandemic, receptivity to new experiences did not predict a healthy lifestyle. This finding supports previous research that found no significant links between openness to experience and hedonistic lifestyles among university students [41] or health behaviors among young people [42]. Personality traits largely determine the degree to which people adapt to the pandemic, although it appears that personality characteristics can be the basis for healthy lifestyles \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Model** & **B** & **SE** & \(\beta\) & **t** & \(p\) \\ \hline \multicolumn{6}{c}{Model 5: Risk factors for restorative sleep} \\
**Extraversion** & **0.09** & **0.03** & **0.08** & **2.66** & **0.008** \\ Agreeableness & 0.03 & 0.04 & 0.02 & 0.72 & 0.474 \\
**Conscientiousness** & **0.23** & **0.04** & **0.17** & **5.86** & **<0.001** \\
**Neuroticism** & **-0.15** & **0.03** & **-0.14** & **-4.88** & **<0.001** \\ Openness to experience & \(-0.02\) & 0.04 & \(-0.02\) & \(-0.53\) & 0.597 \\ \hline \multicolumn{6}{c}{Model 6: Risk factors for social support} \\
**Extraversion** & **0.62** & **0.05** & **0.35** & **12.94** & **<0.001** \\
**Agreeableness** & **0.20** & **0.05** & **0.10** & **3.67** & **<0.001** \\
**Conscientiousness** & **0.22** & **0.05** & **0.11** & **4.10** & **<0.001** \\ Neuroticism & \(-0.05\) & 0.05 & \(-0.03\) & \(-1.00\) & 0.317 \\ Openness to experience & 0.08 & 0.05 & 0.04 & 1.51 & 0.131 \\ \hline \multicolumn{6}{c}{Model 7: Risk factors for environmental exposures} \\
**Extraversion** & **0.03** & **0.01** & **0.09** & **3.08** & **0.002** \\ Agreeableness & 0.01 & 0.01 & 0.01 & 0.16 & 0.870 \\
**Conscientiousness** & **-0.05** & **0.01** & **-0.11** & **-3.83** & **<0.001** \\
**Neuroticism** & **0.04** & **0.01** & **0.11** & **3.68** & **<0.001** \\ Openness to experience & \(-0.01\) & 0.01 & \(-0.02\) & \(-0.85\) & 0.397 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular} Note: Significant predictors are marked in bold.  
\end{table} 
Table 2: _Cont._regardless of COVID-19. Thus, lower neuroticism and higher extraversion, agreeableness, and consciousness were associated with improved mood, decreased perceived stress, and increased participation in health promotion among college students both before and after the onset of the pandemic [43]. A recent large-scale panel study of the British population (UK Household Longitudinal Study, UKHLS) found that during the pandemic, people with more extroverted and open personality traits reported greater deterioration in mental health, while those with higher agreeableness scores suffered less [44]. Neuroticism significantly predicted cross-sectional mental health deterioration but did not significantly worsen during the pandemic. Similar to previous findings, our study demonstrated a sustained role of personality traits in healthy lifestyles and mental health, which is intensified in times of crisis such as COVID-19. This study has several strengths and limitations. In contrast to previous studies, our findings have expanded ideas about the relationship between personality traits and healthy lifestyles during the COVID-19 pandemic.