## 3 Results
### Histomorphometric Findings
#### 3.4.3 Average Defect Distance  
The average defect distance was measured by taking the average of random different areas in sections obtained from each animal in groups. The comparison of average defect distance between the groups revealed that a decrease in vitamin D levels caused an increase in defect distance in all defect types. The highest defect distance in group H was observed in the empty defect group (64.28 \(\pm\) 1.26) and the lowest was in the XG group (54.07 \(\pm\) 2.38). Statistically, a significantly higher defect distance was measured in the AlG and AuG groups compared to the XG group (XG-AlG; \(p\) = 0.004, AuG-XG \(p\) = 0.001). In group C, the highest defect distance was observed in the ED group (68.67 \(\pm\) 1.24), while there was no statistically significant difference in the other groups.  
The highest defect distance in the group was observed in the ED group (72.09 \(\pm\) 3.16), and the lowest was in the AlG group (69.18 \(\pm\) 1.54). The AlG group was observed to have a significantly lower defect distance compared to the AuG group (\(p\) = 0.018).  
Table 6 shows the average defect distance among and between the groups.  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c} \hline \hline \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Defect Distance (\(\mu\)m)**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**High Vit D (H) (n = 12)**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Normal Vit D (C) (n = 12)**} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{**Low Vit D (L) (n = 12)**} \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{\({}^{1}\) Empty Defect (ED)} & Avg \(\pm\) Sd & 64.28 \(\pm\) 1.26 & 68.67 \(\pm\) 1.24 & 72.09 \(\pm\) 3.16 \\  & Median (Q1–Q3) & 64.2 (63.4–65.2) & 68.6 (67.7–69.6) & 72.9 (69.8–74.4) \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{\({}^{2}\) Autogenous Graft (AuG)} & Avg \(\pm\) Sd & 61.44 \(\pm\) 2.10 & 65.52 \(\pm\) 1.92 & 71.38 \(\pm\) 1.29 \\  & Median (Q1–Q3) & 61.3 (59.9–62.7) & 65.6 (64.4–66.9) & 71.1 (70.3–72.4) \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{\({}^{3}\) Xenogreft (XG)} & Avg \(\pm\) Sd & 54.07 \(\pm\) 2.38 & 65.91 \(\pm\) 1.93 & 70.60 \(\pm\) 2.12 \\  & Median (Q1–Q3) & 54.7 (52.7–56.1) & 66.1 (65.0–67.4) & 70.9 (69.2–72.2) \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{\({}^{4}\) Allograft (AlG)} & Avg \(\pm\) Sd & 60.07 \(\pm\) 5.09 & 64.61 \(\pm\) 1.70 & 69.18 \(\pm\) 1.54 \\  & Median (Q1–Q3) & 58.2 (56.6–63.5) & 64.6 (63.3–65.4) & 69.3 (68.1–70.1) \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{\({}^{\text{b}}\) p} & \multirow{2}{*}{0.001 **} & \multirow{2}{*}{0.001 **} & \multirow{2}{*}{0.008 **} \\  & & & & \\ \hline \multicolumn{2}{c}{\({}^{\text{bb}}\) Post Hoc Test} & & & \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}
Table 6: Average defect distance in the groups.  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c} \hline \hline \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Residual Graft (mm\({}^{2}\))**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**High Vit D (H)**} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{**Normal Vit D (C)**} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{**Low Vit D (L)**} \\  & \multicolumn{1}{c}{**(n = 12)**} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{**(n = 12)**} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{**(n = 12)**} \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{\({}^{2}\) Autogenous Graft (AuG)} & Avg \(\pm\) Sd & 0.39 \(\pm\) 0.04 & 0.50 \(\pm\) 0.06 & 0.53 \(\pm\) 0.06 \\  & Median (Q1–Q3) & 0.4 (0.4–0.4) & 0.5 (0.4–0.5) & 0.5 (0.5–0.6) \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{\({}^{3}\) Xenograft (XG)} & Avg \(\pm\) Sd & 0.42 \(\pm\) 0.04 & 0.51 \(\pm\) 0.06 & 0.54 \(\pm\) 0.04 \\  & Median (Q1–Q3) & 0.4 (0.4–0.5) & 0.5 (0.5–0.6) & 0.5 (0.5–0.6) \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{\({}^{4}\) Allograft (AlG)} & Avg \(\pm\) Sd & 0.42 \(\pm\) 0.03 & 0.50 \(\pm\) 0.08 & 0.54 \(\pm\) 0.04 \\  & Median (Q1–Q3) & 0.4 (0.4–0.5) & 0.5 (0.4–0.5) & 0.5 (0.5–0.6) \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{\({}^{\text{b}}\) p} & \multirow{2}{*}{0.001 **} & \multirow{2}{*}{0.001 **} & \multirow{2}{*}{0.001 **} \\  & & & & \\ \hline \multicolumn{2}{c}{\({}^{\text{bb}}\) Post Hoc Test} & & & \\ \hline \hline \multicolumn{2}{c}{AuG-XG} & 0.044 * & 0.385 & 0.527 \\ \multicolumn{2}{c}{AuG-AlG} & 0.268 & 0.752 & 0.937 \\ \multicolumn{2}{c}{XG-AlG} & 0.874 & 0.580 & 0.580 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}
Table 5: Number of residual grafts in the groups.