## 5 Design Proposal of TV Broadcasting for DHH Individuals  
With the eye tracker data collected on the screen navigation from the three types of TV broadcasting, it was found that DHH participants viewed the sign language interpreter more than the reference video or subtitles in all cases. In addition, DHH participants tended to look at the face of the sign language interpreter the most, because not only the interpreter's hand shapes but also the facial expressions of the interpreter are very important when comprehending the message. This is because, even for the same hand shapes, the viewer can acquire additional information (i.e., whether the content is positive or negative) depending on the interpreter's facial expression. As shown in Figure 22, the sign language interpreter is currently broadcast in about a quarter of the size of the screen. This is not the appropriate size for viewers to see facial expressions. Therefore, the sign language interpreter should be placed as large as possible on the screen. Moreover, since DHH participants do not prefer the background behind the interpreter, the interpreter would be better placed without a background. Based on the results from the experiments conducted above, the basic conditions for the information delivery component layout design for DHH individuals are presented in Table 10.  
Figure 21: Example of individual subtitles for each speaker. Based on the above results, the layout design for each information type for DHH individuals was organized. In the case of the news type, the opinion of most of the subjects that the size of the sign language interpreter was too small was respected. For news type clips, the sign language interpreter is the most important component in information delivery because DHH individuals acquire information through sign language rather than the reference footages provided. As shown in Figure 23, the interpreter size is enlarged to 1/3 the height of the full screen so that sign language can be seen clearly, improving visibility compared to existing ones. The background of the interpreter has been removed so that the reference footage is not unnecessarily blocked, and the viewers can feel less stuffy watching the screen. For the subtitles, two lines are provided at a time allowing the subtitles not to pass too quickly so that DHH individuals can look at both sign language and subtitles together. For panel discussions with multiple speakers, the subjects' opinion that multiple interpreters appearing can be confusing and impractical was reflected in the proposed layout. As seen in Figure 24, only one interpreter is placed on the screen. Subtitles are provided for each speaker so the viewers can clearly understand each speaker's comment. In the layout, it is important that the subtitles are not blocking the mouth or hands of the speakers. It is easy to identify the speaker when the subtitles are color-coded by speaker, so translucent subtitle boxes of various colors have been used. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c} \hline \hline
**Category** & **News** & **Panel Discussion** & **Weather Forecasts** \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{Sign} & \multirow{2}{*}{Size} & At least 1/3 of the screen’s height & At least 1/3 of the screen’s height & At least 1/3 of the screen’s height \\  & & (Larger than & (Larger than & (Larger than \\  & & as-is size) & as-is size) & as-is size) \\ \cline{2-4}  & Background & Not necessary & Not necessary & Not necessary \\ \cline{2-4}  & Location & Right side & Right side & Right side \\ \cline{2-4}  & No. required & 1 interpreter & 1 interpreter & 1 interpreter \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{Reference video} & No need to split & No need to split & Split screen \\  & the screen & the screen & the screen & preferred \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{Subtitles} & \multirow{2}{*}{Necessary} & Necessary & Necessary \\  & & (Individual subtitles & preferred) & Necessary \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 10: Basic conditions for information delivery component layout design for DHH individuals.