## 5 Experimental Results
### Performance Evaluation of Employed IoT devices  
Broadly, the terms \"embedded devices\" and \"embedded systems\" refer to electronic technology or computation units that are employed in vehicles, planes, trains, network appliances, etc. Following the fact that the computation performance of this equipment is steadily improving [89] (see Table 3 comparing the hardware parameters of selected devices), the contemporary embedded devices are becoming capable of performing heavy computation tasks similar to the laptop computers. See Figure 10 for details, where selected embedded devices are demonstrated. In particular, we evaluate the performance of the well-known embedded devices: Intel(r) Edison, Intel(r) Galileo board Gen 2, Raspberry Pi (Model B+), and Raspberry Pi 2 (Model B) [90]. Both Raspberry Pi embedded devices run the latest version of the modified operating system Raspbian OS (Jessi, version 8.0) together with the recent version of the Oracle JDK (1.8.0.-b132). Edison and Galileo Gen 2 feature the latest version of the Ubilinux operating system (3.10.17-yoctostandard-r2 build) equipped with the JDK (1.8.0 66-b17)--Ubilinux stands for embedded Linux distribution based on Debian Wheezy and enables to run JVM/JDK. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Device** & **Type** & **SoC** & **Processor** & **RAM** \\ \hline
**Intel® Edison** & IoT Development Board & Atom + Quark & 500 MHz, Dual-Core Intel® AtomTM CPU, 100 MHz MCU & 1 GB \\ \hline
**Intel® Galileo Gen 2** & IoT Development Board & Quark X1000 & 400 MHz, Single-Core 32-bit Intel Pentium (ISA)-compatible & 256 MB \\ \hline
**Raspberry Pi 1 model B+** & IoT Development Board & BCM2835 & 700 MHz, Single-Core ARM11 & 512 MB \\ \hline
**Raspberry Pi 2 model B** & IoT Development Board & BCM2836 & 900 MHz, Quad-Core ARM Cortex-A7 & 1 GB \\ \hline
**Intel® Core -74-700 MQ** & Mobile CPU & Core 7 & 2.4 GHz, Quad-Core 64-bit support (Haswell architecture) & 16 GB \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 3: Selected devices and their corresponding specifications. Figure 9: Optimization results for the real traffic scenario. (**a**) Tournament selection ratio; (**b**) Real-life scenario. The target application domains for those platforms are embedded devices with limited memory and storage capacity; the image is currently available for Intel(r) Galileo Gen 1/Gen2 and Edison. In addition, Edison and Galileo Gen 2 may be attached to a number of different extension boards, for example, to enable the Arduino compatibility. Hence, Edison empowers a range of different use cases, whereas Raspberry Pi might be more suitable for handling graphics as well as supporting multimedia-related applications and products. To adequately evaluate the performance of the devices listed in Table 3, we implemented the above experiments (see Section 5) as standalone Java applications. In order to run these created experiments on the Raspberry Pi devices, we used Oracle JDK in the terminal. Executing our applications on the Intel(r) Edison and Galileo Gen 2, we followed the manual to prepare a Linux operating system build equipped with the JRE [91]. Further, the executable *jar files were designed, deployed, and executed on the devices. To ensure comparable conditions from the memory consumption perspective, the accessible amount of memory was set to 100 MB on all of the devices. The performance evaluation of our tested devices is summarized in Figure 11. We note that there are two groups of devices in terms of their performance. First, the simulation time in each experimental scenario was set to 600 s. The population of genomes was of size 50 and the GA algorithm ran for 50 generations. Based on this, we can conclude that such devices as Intel(r) Edison, Galileo Gen 2, and Raspberry Pi Model B+ are not capable of offering a sufficient computation performance for the purposes of real-time processing.