## 1 Introduction  
Femoroacetabular Impingement Syndrome (FAIS) is a condition resulting from abnormal contact between the femoral head and the acetabulum, leading to hip pain and movement restrictions. This occurs due to morphological changes, including cam and pincer deformities, which contribute to joint damage and functional impairment. The resulting mechanical stress can provoke synovial inflammation, cartilage degradation, and pain exacerbation, significantly impacting mobility and quality of life [1; 2; 3; 4; 5]. Over the past two decades, FAIS has gained increasing attention from the scientific community, with a growing body of research focused on its pathophysiology, diagnostic tools, and treatment approaches [6; 7; 8; 9; 10; 11; 12]. Despite advancements in diagnostic imaging and rehabilitation approaches, the effectiveness of conservative treatment remains inadequately defined. Traditionally, surgical intervention--especially hip arthroscopy--has been considered the primary treatment for FAIS, with the aim of correcting morphological abnormalities and alleviating symptoms [1; 6; 13; 14; 15]. Several studies have reported significant improvements in pain relief, return to activity, and overall patient satisfaction following surgery [16; 17; 18; 19; 20; 21; 22]. However, surgical procedures are not without risks, including post-operative complications, persistent pain, and long-term joint degeneration [23; 24; 25; 26]. Consequently, conservative treatment options have emerged as viable alternatives, aiming to delay or even prevent the need for surgery while improving functional outcomes. Physiotherapy-based interventions, including motor control training, muscle strengthening, manual therapy, and patient education, have been explored as potential non-invasive strategies for managing FAIS [27; 28; 29; 30; 31; 32; 33]. Recent systematic reviews have examined various rehabilitation approaches, suggesting that targeted exercise therapy, particularly core stability training and hip muscle strengthening, may enhance functional performance and alleviate symptoms. The heterogeneity in treatment protocols for FAIS reflects the multifactorial nature of the condition, emphasizing the need for standardized rehabilitation guidelines [3; 4; 34; 35; 36; 37; 38]. Additionally, there is a lack of consensus on the optimal rehabilitation strategies, making it difficult to establish definitive clinical guidelines. One of the primary limitations in the current literature is the inconsistent diagnostic criteria used to identify FAIS across studies. Imaging plays a key role in identifying bony abnormalities associated with FAIS, such as cam and pincer lesions. However, structural findings alone do not always correlate with symptom severity, highlighting the importance of a comprehensive clinical assessment. Moreover, previous systematic reviews have either focused exclusively on surgical versus conservative management or have included a broad range of hip disorders, limiting the specificity of their conclusions regarding FAIS rehabilitation [39; 40; 41; 42; 43; 44]. This scoping review aims to identify and evaluate physiotherapy interventions for FAIS, analyzing their effectiveness in pain reduction, functional improvement, and quality-of-life enhancement. By synthesizing the most recent evidence on pain management, functional improvement, and quality-of-life outcomes, this review will provide a comprehensive assessment of the effectiveness of physiotherapy-based treatments. The ultimate objective is to establish whether conservative rehabilitation can serve as a viable first-line treatment for FAIS, offering an evidence-based alternative to surgery and informing clinical practice on best rehabilitation strategies.