# (R-ISSUES) Rural Interoperable System of Systems for Unified Environmental Stewardship
## 1 Introduction  
Although vulnerable, Spain has one of the most critical biodiverse environments because of the different climate conditions. In the Iberian Peninsula and other Mediterranean regions, the effects of forest fires are constant, and they are a significant risk to biodiversity. This partly motivates new regulations in the European Commission (EC) for restoration. Among other objectives, it aims to rehabilitate at least 20% of the terrestrial and marine areas of the European Union (EU) by 2030 and all degraded ecosystems by 2050 [1]. Conversely, solutions like reforestation are also helpful for adaptation and mitigation to climate change, alimentary security, and rural development.  
The Spanish population is concentrated in cities and city suburbs. The rural areas are suffering from workforce scarcity, and, at the same time, their inhabitants are aging. To attract youth talent to rural areas, the labour offer should adapt to young people's interests and skills as much as possible, and this can be the case for digital businesses for nature and biodiversity conservation, at least as long as digital technologies are demonstrated to be helpful, reliable, affordable, and challenging. Key enabling technologies (KETs) were introduced in 2018 and by the European Parliament in 2021 [2]. The EU's strategic approach to industrial research and innovation defines key enabling technologies (KETs)complementing the European Research Area policy agenda (ERA) [3]. Regarding KETs, the European Commission has prioritized life science technologies, artificial intelligence, security and connectivity, and other categories. Regarding the ERA, Horizon Europe partnerships bring the EC and private and public partners together to address some of Europe's most pressing challenges. This includes the green transition and the digital and industrial transition in general [4], renewable energy solutions, sustainable water and food systems, and leadership in key digital technologies. In the equator of the Horizon Europe Program (2021-2027), there should be several Research and Development (R&D) projects covering such challenges.  
The main question follows. With the main objective of defining a pilot project to carry out, focusing on biodiversity and the use a specific set of key enabling technologies, what if we combine such challenges with industrial leadership regarding forest fire risk? First, we must focus on one industrial sector vulnerable to forest fire risk. This sector could be the mineral water industry. We also need a common challenge for energy and water/food systems and the selected industry, like resilience, and joint digitalization opportunities like Building Information Modelling (BIM). However, combining challenges involves combining disciplines and increasing complexity, so we must adopt a system of systems (SoS). Open literature works covering this topic are lacking to the authors' knowledge. The aim of this study is to shed some light on this issue, covering it in Sections 1.1-1.3. Furthermore, Section 1.4 introduces forest fire risk for the selected industry, resilience engineering, BIM's role, and the SoS approach. A graphical summary of this introduction is given in Section 1.5.