## 5 Discussion
These readiness tools are mainly the preliminary stage of exploring the key aspects required to move from traditional quality methods such as total quality management, quality assurance, and quality control to a new quality approach closely related to the era of Industry 4.0 and its technologies. In this case, several factors influencing readiness for the transition to Quality 4.0 are mentioned, such as leveraged technology adoption, training, new skills, infrastructure, government service, top management support, strategy and vision, collaboration, awareness, knowledge, customer and supplier focus, and organizational culture. All of these in turn have the basic purpose of automating processes in a business, improving the quality, efficiency, accuracy, and speed of business operations, and thus capturing the concept of business model innovation [54]. The implementation of new business models in logistics companies is not at all an easy task, and it can lead to various challenges and concerns, but at the same time, it offers opportunities for improvement and development. The main concern for logistics companies is that they need to consider how Industry 4.0 technologies, such as the Internet of Things (IoT), artificial intelligence (AI), and robotic solutions, can be directly integrated into their business models. These technologies, as mentioned earlier, if implemented correctly can improve the efficiency of logistics businesses by increasing the accuracy of inventory tracking, improving the efficiency of storage and distribution processes, and enabling more efficient supply chain management; however, the application of these technologies requires significant investment, both in terms of capital and training and skills development. In addition, companies must address data security and privacy issues, as well as adapt to new legislative and regulatory requirements [63]. As can be seen from the literature, this concern is even greater for small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), which find it difficult to implement a comprehensive digital strategy, as large internal upheavals and significant investments are required, while the lack of a culture for change, the inability to undertake significant risks, and the lack of digital skills create significant barriers to innovation and digital transformation. This is especially relevant in countries that show a great lack of background for the adoption of Industry 4.0 technologies, such as Greece, where, in fact, companies have very low investments in innovation and technological development, which also contributes to their low digital maturity [79]. Also, a necessary condition is the creation of complex forms of cooperation and collaborations between the private sector, the state, innovation ecosystems, and the education system. Despite the challenges and concerns, the implementation of new innovative business models in the field of logistics can provide significant benefits, such as improved efficiency, reduced costs, and increased customer satisfaction. ### Main Trends and Concerns  
Through a review of the literature, critical answers were given regarding the initial research questions posed and are presented in detail below:  
**Rq1**. : _How can logistics companies effectively integrate Industry 4.0 technologies with existing systems and ensure interoperability?_  
Integrating Industry 4.0 technologies, as has been achieved before, into logistics companies can be a complex process, but it is certainly possible and can bring significant improvements to the supply chain. Here are some key steps to consider [80]:  
* Understanding the opportunities: Industry 4.0 technologies provide opportunities to improve the financial performance, environmental performance, and social impact of logistics sectors. It is important to give special consideration to these opportunities and how they align with the company's goals. * System Integration and Digital Twin: Focus on system integration and digital twin technologies.