## 1 Introduction
These techniques enable researchers to simulate intricate shapes, qualities of materials, and limits on the behaviour of energy harvesters and to forecast their performance in different scenarios [35; 36; 37; 38; 39]. [PERSON] et al. [40] examined the efficiency of a piezoelectric energy harvester featuring a beam with a zigzag shape. Their research showed that the zigzag arrangement effectively amplified the voltage output and expanded the operational frequency range. [PERSON] et al. [41] utilized numerical simulations to enhance the performance of a hybrid energy harvester that integrates piezoelectric and electromagnetic principles. Their findings demonstrated that hybrid designs can exhibit superior efficiency and more consistent energy output in comparison to single-mode harvesters. [PERSON] et al. [42] conducted a study that utilized the FEM to develop and enhance the design of a piezoelectric energy harvester with a curved cantilever beam. Their research revealed that the curved form had the potential to promote strain distribution and optimize energy conversion efficiency. In addition, they investigated the impact of several piezoelectric materials on the performance of the harvester. [PERSON] et al. [43] employed numerical simulations to examine the efficacy of a hybrid energy harvester that utilizes both piezoelectric and electrostatic transduction mechanisms. Their research demonstrated that the hybrid harvester was able to sustain optimal performance throughout a broad spectrum of vibration frequencies and environmental conditions. Current research has primarily concentrated on novel designs and materials for devices that capture and convert energy. [PERSON] et al. [44] introduced novel methodologies to enhance the efficiency and utilization of piezoelectric energy harvesters. The efficacy of these methodologies is improved through the integration of artificial intelligence. In order to enhance energy harvesting from low-frequency vibration sources, [PERSON] and [PERSON] [45] conducted a thorough examination of frequency up-conversion methods and provided valuable insights by discussing strategies that are based on impact, extraction, and snap-through. This study concentrates on the dynamic behaviour of slitted beams with piezoelectric transducers (PZTs), specifically PZT-5A, to explore their potential for energy harvesting applications. The presence of slits in the beam is anticipated to impact the coupling between various vibration modes, thereby influencing the beam's resonance and anti-resonance properties. Precise measurements and material attributes are used in the simulation of the slitted beams, including a material substructure with notable mechanical strength and damping capabilities. By investigating various combinations of slit lengths and tip masses, we show how such structural alterations impact the frequency response and energy-harvesting efficiency of the beams. An analytical model and finite element analysis (FEA) are used to examine the beams' frequency response functions (FRFs). The latter enables us to validate the analytical model and offer insights into the structural dynamics and optimization of slitted beam designs for enhanced energy harvesting performance. By shedding light on how structural alterations, particularly slit arrangements and tip-mass modifications, can be employed to optimize energy harvesting in practical applications, this study fills a significant knowledge gap in the field of energy harvesting research. The results of this study are intended to direct the creation of more effective piezoelectric harvesters, enabling a wider range of uses, such as in settings with fluctuating vibration frequencies.