# Nutritional Profile and Antioxidant Properties of Hemp (_Camanabis sativa_ L.) Seed from Romania
## 3 Results
### Antioxidant Profile  
#### 3.3.1 Determination of Total Polyphenols Content (TPC)  
Hemp seeds are abundant in phenolic compounds and recognized for their antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anti-inflammatory benefits. Figure 2 reports the total phenolic content (TPC) for samples processed using CES and UAE methods. Figure 2a shows TPC values \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c c} \hline
**Sample** & **HSLO** & **HSSI** & **HSAR** & **HSTE** & **HSLV 585** & **HSLV 300** & **Average** \\ \hline Cu & 9.56 \(\pm\) 0.12\(\mathrm{\SIUnitSymbolMicro b}\) & 9.48 \(\pm\) 0.19\(\mathrm{\SIUnitSymbolMicro a}\) & 9.81 \(\pm\) 0.09\(\mathrm{\SIUnitSymbolMicro b}\) & 13.08 \(\pm\) 0.08\(\mathrm{\SIUnitSymbolMicro a}\) & 12.56 \(\pm\) 0.06\(\mathrm{\SIUnitSymbolMicro a}\) & 9.29 \(\pm\) 0.07\(\mathrm{\SIUnitSymbolMicro a}\) & 10.69 \\ \hline Zn & 46.70 \(\pm\) 4.53\(\mathrm{\SIUnitSymbolMicro b}\) & 39.88 \(\pm\) 4.77\(\mathrm{\SIUnitSymbolMicro a}\) & 53.93 \(\pm\) 6.09\(\mathrm{\SIUnitSymbolMicro a}\) & 52.70 \(\pm\) 8.41\(\mathrm{\SIUnitSymbolMicro a}\) & 75.25 \(\pm\) 7.53\(\mathrm{\SIUnitSymbolMicro a}\) & 49.14 \(\pm\) 6.07\(\mathrm{\SIUnitSymbolMicro a}\) & 52.93 \\ \hline Fe & 135.10 \(\pm\) 5.18\(\mathrm{\SIUnitSymbolMicro d}\) & 107.48 \(\pm\) 13.97\(\mathrm{\SIUnitSymbolMicro b}\) & 195.99 \(\pm\) 11.60\(\mathrm{\SIUnitSymbolMicro e}\) & 96.94 \(\pm\) 11.99\(\mathrm{\SIUnitSymbolMicro a}\) & 189.49 \(\pm\) 3.30\(\mathrm{\SIUnitSymbolMicro i}\) & 129.72 \(\pm\) 10.51\(\mathrm{\SIUnitSymbolMicro c}\) & 136.39 \\ \hline Ca & 1853.51 \(\pm\) 89.76\(\mathrm{\SIUnitSymbolMicro e}\) & 1167.19 \(\pm\) 32.37\(\mathrm{\SIUnitSymbolMicro a}\) & 1305.97 \(\pm\) 98.18\(\mathrm{\SIUnitSymbolMicro c}\) & 1255.45 \(\pm\) 56.78\(\mathrm{\SIUnitSymbolMicro b}\) & 1161.22 \(\pm\) 62.77\(\mathrm{\SIUnitSymbolMicro a}\) & 1168.27 \(\pm\) 32.96\(\mathrm{\SIUnitSymbolMicro a}\) & 1368.6 \\ \hline Mg & 2571.18 \(\pm\) 30.97\(\mathrm{\SIUnitSymbolMicro a}\) & 1969.95 \(\pm\) 97.59\(\mathrm{\SIUnitSymbolMicro a}\) & 2313.52 \(\pm\) 197.4\(\mathrm{\SIUnitSymbolMicro a}\) & 2258.62 \(\pm\) 69.17\(\mathrm{\SIUnitSymbolMicro b}\) & 2616.34 \(\pm\) 51.45\(\mathrm{\SIUnitSymbolMicro e}\) & 2491.38 \(\pm\) 146\(\mathrm{\SIUnitSymbolSymbolSymbol d}\) & 2370.17 \\ \hline Cd & 0.041 \(\pm\) 0.009\(\mathrm{\SIUnitSymbolMicro a}\) & 0.079 \(\pm\) 0.015\(\mathrm{\SIUnitSymbolMicro a}\) & 0.085 \(\pm\) 0.025\(\mathrm{\SIUnitSymbolMicro a}\) & 0.088 \(\pm\) 0.013\(\mathrm{\SIUnitSymbolMicro b}\) & 0.079 \(\pm\) 0.021\(\mathrm{\SIUnitSymbolMicro a}\) & 0.092 \(\pm\) 0.008\(\mathrm{\SIUnitSymbolMicro b}\) & 0.077 \\ \hline Ni & 0.80 \(\pm\) 0.05\(\mathrm{\SIUnitSymbolMicro b}\) & 0.17 \(\pm\) 0.08\(\mathrm{\SIUnitSymbolMicro a}\) & 1.36 \(\pm\) 0.11\(\mathrm{\SIUnitSymbolMicro c}\) & 0.87 \(\pm\) 0.12\(\mathrm{\SIUnitSymbolMicro b}\) & 2.82 \(\pm\) 0.09\(\mathrm{\SIUnitSymbolMicro a}\) & 1.99 \(\pm\) 0.07\(\mathrm{\SIUnitSymbolSymbol d}\) & 1.34 \\ \hline Mn & 101.96 \(\pm\) 17.49\(\mathrm{\SIUnitSymbolMicro b}\) & 105.82 \(\pm\) 6.86\(\mathrm{\SIUnitSymbolMicro a}\) & 102.45 \(\pm\) 7.78\(\mathrm{\SIUnitSymbolMicro c}\) & 87.70 \(\pm\) 4.53\(\mathrm{\SIUnitSymbolMicro a}\) & 138.26 \(\pm\) 9.58\(\mathrm{\SIUnitSymbol d}\) & 109.33 \(\pm\) 9.12\(\mathrm{\SIUnitSymbolMicro a}\) & 107.59 \\ \hline K & 500.095 \(\pm\) 183.4\(\mathrm{\SIUnitSymbolMicro d}\) & 3743.08 \(\pm\) 258.1\(\mathrm{\SIUnitSymbolMicro a}\) & 3912.92 \(\pm\) 113.8\(\mathrm{\SIUnitSymbolMicro s}\) & 3974.79 \(\pm\) 172.0\(\mathrm{\SIUnitSymbol s}\) & 4186.57 \(\pm\) 188.3\(\mathrm{\SIUnitSymbol s}\) & 5533.23 \(\pm\) 90.4\(\mathrm{\SISymbolSymbolSymbol s}\) & 4391.95 \\ \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 3: Macro- and microelement composition of hemp seed varieties (\(\mathrm{\SIUnitSymbolMicro g}\)/g). derived from use of the CES and UAE methods, expressed in mg GAE/kg. Figure 2b illustrates the percentage change in TPC after different sample preparations, calculated using Equation (2).