# Method of Optical Diagnostics of Grain Seeds Infected with Fusariumum
## 4 Discussion  
Based on the previously obtained results in the study of seed maturation [28], it can be assumed that infection with fusarium slows down the maturation of seeds. Therefore, in infected seeds, the excitation spectrum is closer to that of immature seeds. From the point of view of biochemistry, quantitative and qualitative changes in the spectra are associated with changes in the structure and chemical composition of the surface of the grain, namely the substitution of polysaccharides and proteins of cereals in the process of absorption and modification by mycoculture of Fusarium sporotrichioides fungi, as well as the effect on the spectra of pigments of this pathogen (fusarins and arofuzarins) and mycotoxins (DON, Zel, T2 and NT2). The obtained dependences \(\Phi_{\lambda}\) (\(\beta\)) are approximated by linear regression models with determination coefficients \(R^{2}\) = 0.83-0.95, that is, they are statistically reliable. The exception is the dependence for barley at \(\lambda_{\rm e}\) = 424 nm, where \(R^{2}\) = 0.63. Inverse dependences of the degree of contamination of barley seeds on their photoluminescence flux are obtained:  
\[\beta=2.17\Phi_{232}-38.1, \tag{3}\]  
\[\beta=0.43\Phi_{362}-64.9, \tag{4}\]  
\[\beta=0.33\Phi_{424}-180.6, \tag{5}\]  
\[\beta=-0.62\Phi_{485}+422.7, \tag{6}\]  
\[\beta=-1.97\Phi_{528}+602.9. \tag{7}\]  
For wheat seeds, they are the same:  
\[\beta=1.75\Phi_{232}-62.6, \tag{8}\]  
\[\beta=0.49\Phi_{362}-196.6, \tag{9}\]  
\[\beta=-0.76\Phi_{424}+641.4, \tag{10}\]  
\[\beta=2.0\Phi_{485}-1004, \tag{11}\]  
\[\beta=2.4\Phi_{528}-537.6. \tag{12}\]  
For oat seeds:  
\[\beta=0.43\Phi_{362}-64.9, \tag{4}\]0  
\[\beta=0.43\Phi_{362}-64.9, \tag{4}\]1\[\beta=0.43\Phi_{362}-64.9, \tag{4}\]2 \[\beta=0.43\Phi_{362}-64.9, \tag{4}\]3 (16) \[\beta=0.43\Phi_{362}-64.9, \tag{4}\]4  
The relative sensitivity of the flow change when the degree of infection changes should be determined by the formula:  
\[\beta=0.43\Phi_{362}-64.9, \tag{4}\]5  
The greatest sensitivity for barley is when luminescence is excited at the wavelength \(\lambda_{\rm e}=232\) nm, which is 2.19 percent of the flow change per percentage of the contamination change. It is similar for wheat, where the maximum sensitivity at the wavelength \(\lambda_{\rm e}=232\) nm is 1.59. However, in practice, it is advisable to determine the degree of contamination by the ratio of flows \(\Phi_{\lambda 1}/\Phi_{\lambda 2}\) which makes it possible to grade the measuring device in relative units. It will also help to increase the sensitivity if the wavelength \(\lambda_{2}\) is chosen for the incident dependence \(\beta\) (\(\Phi_{\lambda}\)). When calculating, we obtain that for barley, the highest sensitivity (3.13) is achieved with a flow ratio of \(\Phi_{232}/\Phi_{485}\), and for wheat, the highest sensitivity (1.89) is achieved with a flow ratio of \(\Phi_{232}/\Phi_{424}\). The grading equation for barley is  
\[\beta=0.43\Phi_{362}-64.9, \tag{4}\]6  
and for wheat:  
\[\beta=0.43\Phi_{362}-64.9, \tag{4}\]7  
The determination coefficients for Equations (19) and (20) are 0.92 and 0.98, respectively. The dependency graphs are shown in \[\beta=0.43\Phi_{362}-64.9, \tag{4}\]8  
For oat seeds, Equation (15) can be applied, the coefficient of determination for which is 0.88. Based on the results obtained, a method of determining the degree of infection of seeds with fusariosis was developed. The block diagram of the method is shown in \[\beta=0.43\Phi_{362}-64.9, \tag{4}\]9  
\[\beta=0.33\Phi_{424}-180.6, \tag{5}\]0 Dependences of the degree of contamination of barley (1) and wheat (2) seeds on the ratio of flows. The proposed method of determining the degree of seed contamination includes the following steps:  
1. Sample preparation is carried out, i.e., several seeds are taken from several plants of the same culture for research, and additional parameters are measured, for example, humidity. Then, they are placed in a dark, light-tight chamber. 2.