## 3 Results  
### Primary Analysis of the Effect for Adding Yoga  
Forty people enrolled initially with 20 to the intervention (yoga) group and 20 to the control group (Figure 1). In the yoga group, 16 completed the study. (One failed due to feeling exhausted, and three due to loss of follow-up thus being excluded). In the control group, 19 completed the study, and one loss of follow-up due to recurrent stroke. The completion rate of did not differ significantly. Age, sex, and brain lesion site (Table 1) were also similar. The TDQ score did not differ at baseline, whereas BBS scores were significantly better in the yoga group (Table 1). Overall, the TDQ of all patients decreased (improved) (15.23 \(\pm\) 9.91 to 11.71 \(\pm\) 8.66; \(p\) = 0.001) and the BBS increased (improved) from 44.71 \(\pm\) 7.64 to 46.60 \(\pm\) 7.46 (\(p\) < 0.001) after intervention. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c} \hline \hline  & **All (\(\mathbf{n}\) = 35)** & \
\begin{tabular}{c} **With Yoga** \\ **(\(\mathbf{n}\) = 16)** \\ \end{tabular} &
\begin{tabular}{c} **Without Yoga** \\ **(\(\mathbf{n}\) = 19)** \\ \end{tabular} & \(\mathbf{p}\) \\ \hline Study completion rate, \(-\)/+ & 35/40 & 16/20 & 19/20 & 0.151 \\  & \multicolumn{3}{c}{Categorical variables, Chi-square test} & & \\ Sex, female:male & 15:20 & 6:10 & 9:10 & 0.734 \\ Stroke side, left:right \({}^{\ddagger}\) & 17:17 & 11:5 & 6:12 & 0.084 \\ Age \(<\) 60:age \(\geq\) 60, years & 19:16 & 11:5 & 8:11 & 0.176 \\  & \multicolumn{3}{c}{Continuous variables, \(t\)-test} & & \\ Age & 59.0\(\pm\) 10.10 & 56.8 \(\pm\) 9.11 & 60.9 \(\pm\) 10.743 & 0.241 \\ T onset (days) & 691.9\(\pm\) 20.17 & 560.6 \(\pm\) 538.57 & 802.4 \(\pm\) 1153.00 & 0.447 \\  & \multicolumn{3}{c}{Taiwanese Depression Questionnaire (TDQ) score} & & \\ Baseline TDQ & 15.23\(\pm\) 9.91 & 14.06 \(\pm\) 8.85 & 16.21 \(\pm\) 10.86 & 0.531 \\ Post intervention TDQ & 11.71 \(\pm\) 8.66 & 8.25 \(\pm\) 5.19 & 14.63 \(\pm\) 9.99 & 0.028 \({}^{\ast}\) \\ The change of TDQ & \(-\)3.51 \(\pm\) 5.84 & \(-\)5.81 \(\pm\) 6.13 & \(-\)1.57 \(\pm\) 4.94 & 0.806 \\ Paired t (\(p\)) & 0.001 \({}^{\ast}\) & 0.002 \({}^{\ast}\) & 0.181 & \\  & \multicolumn{3}{c}{Berge Balance Scale (BBS) score} & & \\ Baseline BBS & 44.71 \(\pm\) 7.64 & 48.56 \(\pm\) 4.42 & 41.47 \(\pm\) 8.01 & \textless{}0.001 \({}^{\ast}\) \\ Post intervention BBS & 46.60 \(\pm\) 7.46 & 51.13 \(\pm\) 4.25 & 42.79 \(\pm\) 7.85 & \textless{}0.001 \({}^{\ast}\) \\ The change of BBS & 1.87 \(\pm\) 1.79 & 2.56 \(\pm\) 1.96 & 1.31 \(\pm\) 1.45 & 0.029 \({}^{\ast}\) \\ Paired \(t\)-test (\(p\)) & \textless{}0.001 \({}^{\ast}\) & \textless{}0.001 \({}^{\ast}\) & 0.001 \({}^{\ast}\) & \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}  
* Data are given as means \(\pm\) SD unless otherwise indicated. \({}^{\ddagger}\) One patient was eliminated in this analysis due to this patient suffered from bilateral stroke. \({}^{\ast}\)\(p\)\(<\) 0.05, \(\Gamma\) onset: days after stroke. D0: for baseline TDQ; DI for post-assessment TDQ; delta D. the change from D0 to D1. B0: for baseline BBS; BI for post-assessment BBS; delta B: the change from D0 to D1.  
\end{table} 
Table 1: Comparison of baseline clinical and 8-week post-assessment of depression (Taiwanese Depression Questionnaire, TDQ) and balance (Berg Balance Scale, BBS), between control and experimental groups. The TDQ scores improved significantly only in the yoga group (14.06 \(\pm\) 8.85 to 8.25 \(\pm\) 5.19, \(p\) = 0.002). In contrast, patients in the control group had little improvement (\(p\) = 0.181) (Figure 2A) (bold black arrow). The baseline TDQ did not differ (\(p\) = 0.531). But the post-study TDQ was significantly lower (8.25 \(\pm\) 5.19 vs. 14.63 \(\pm\) 9.99, \(p\) = 0.028) in the yoga group (Figure 2A) (Dotted arrow). Both groups showed improvement in balance. The BBS score increased from 48.56 \(\pm\) 4.42 to 51.13 \(\pm\) 4.25 (\(p\) < 0.001) in the yoga group, while from 41.47 \(\pm\) 8.01 to 42.79 \(\pm\) 7.85 (\(p\) = 0.001) (Figure 2B) for the control group.