## 3 Results
### PEST Analysis
#### Economic and Natural Aspects
The mango seed, another significant residue from fruit processing, contains a kernel that representing up to 85% of the seed and about 20% of the whole fruit. Rich in crude fat (7.1-15%), the kernel has attracted interest due to its lipid composition, similar to cocoa butter, composed mainly of stearic and oleic acids. Besides its nutritional profile, the seed kernel exhibits high antioxidant and tyrosinase inhibitory activities, reinforcing its applicability in food, cosmetic, nutraceutical, and pharmaceutical sectors [45]. The nutritional richness of mango by-products is summarized in Figure 4.  
Figure 4: Nutritional and functional compounds in mango by-products. Source: Adapted from [PERSON] et al. (2015) [46]. However, their lack of commercial value often results in improper disposal, exacerbating environmental pollution and posing logistical challenges due to high transportation costs and limited landfill capacity. Furthermore, the rapid decomposition of these residues can contribute to insect proliferation and an increase in organic load in the environment, elevating Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) and Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) levels, which pose additional challenges for safe disposal [47]. The leachates generated from decomposition can also seep into the soil and contaminate water bodies, impacting aquatic ecosystems and biodiversity, with further consequences for agricultural irrigation [48]. In this scenario, recovering mango by-products for use in brewing represents an opportunity to reduce food waste and optimize resource use, in line with circular economy strategies. * Circular Economy (CE) and Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)  
Most human activities generate waste as an inevitable by-product. Regardless of its origin, waste represents a primary global concern, contributing to climate change, environmental degradation, and public health issues. To mitigate these impacts, effective waste management practices--such as reduction, safe handling, and appropriate treatment--are essential. A promising pathway is the transition to a circular economy, which encourages collaborative policies among governments, industries, and individuals, aiming for sustainable growth and more efficient resource management [49]. Sustainability today goes beyond environmental concerns, encompassing economic and social dimensions, such as poverty alleviation and the empowering vulnerable populations [50]. In this context, the principles of the circular economy--resource efficiency, waste reduction, and sustainable practices--offer a systemic approach that addresses environmental challenges and promotes resilience and social well-being [49]. Its growing relevance is evidenced by increasing research and policy interest in food sector applications, particularly in strategies to reduce food loss and environmental impacts [51]. In response to this global challenge, the United Nations launched the 2030 Agenda, which includes 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and 169 specific targets to integrate the three dimensions of sustainable development: economic, social, and environmental. Within the scope of this study, three SDGs are directly addressed:  
* SDG 12--Responsible Consumption and Production: The reuse of mango residues in beer production contributes directly to the goal of halving global food waste by 2030. By transforming agro-industrial waste into raw material for new products, this practice promotes a more efficient use of natural resources and reduces the environmental impact of the food chain [49; 51]. * SDG 8--Decent Work and Economic Growth: The creation of new value chains centered on waste valorization opens opportunities for employment and income generation, particularly for small farmers and local producers. This dynamic stimulates regional economies and supports sustainable economic growth through innovation and entrepreneurship [52].