# Exploring the Benefits and Limitations of Digital Twin Technology in Building Energy
## 5 Digital Twin Technology for Energy Sector Development
### Software for Energy Prediction-Actual Software Cases
The results show that PUE can be effectively reduced, and energy efficiency improved by interventions in the building envelope and by increasing the temperature of the data center. However, the article also emphazises that PUE should not be the only indicator of data center energy efficiency and that increasing the operational efficiency of IT equipment does not necessarily reduce PUE unless power and cooling equipment is also optimized to accommodate new IT loads. [PERSON] et al. [69] DesignBuilder simulated the ventilation design of a public toilet and its building energy consumption and indoor comfort. It was found that when the vent height was 400 mm and the air exchange frequency was once every 12 h, it was effective in reducing the concentration of air pollutants inside public toilets. This finding reveals that good ventilation design can improve air quality and save energy, which is important for improving the overall energy efficiency of a building. Related areas of standardized analysis, comparison, validation, and prediction of building energy simulation results using Energy Plus include the analysis and modeling of energy consumption of a residential building in Lebanon by [PERSON] et al. [44] The creation of a 'baseline model' reflecting existing residential buildings will provide a basis for studying specific building technologies and measuring progress towards the goal of zero-energy buildings. The building owner or tenant will understand how the baseline model of their building's energy performance may be used to develop energy source code for building and building equipment standards. [PERSON] et al. [85] modeled and calibrated a specific supermarket building to assess the impact of proposed energy conservation measures (ECMs) and control strategies. The results demonstrate the use of all energy conservation measures to achieve energy savings and net cost savings. [PERSON] et al. [88] conducted a comprehensive analysis of the energy resilience performance of urban residential buildings in hot and humid zones in China, considering factors such as climate change, typical buildings, and occupant behavior. The methodology included energy analysis and building simulation using EnergyPlus software and future energy forecasting. The results show that the future energy demand of the residential sector in the hot and humid zones of China will increase over time. [PERSON] et al. [93] studied the carbon emissions and energy consumption of buildings in Changsha, China and used EnergyPlus to obtain building energy intensity to develop a model to describe the annual carbon emissions of the city-level building stock. The results show that the scenarios set out in this study do not achieve carbon neutrality in the building sector by 2060 and that additional carbon reduction plans are needed to accelerate the process of carbon reduction in society. [PERSON] et al. [101] conducted a building energy analysis of non-residential buildings in Italy to demonstrate the energy and economic viability of an economic assessment of new office buildings in Italy. [PERSON] et al. [103] conducted a study of the Validation of heat gains in traditional countryard houses in the Kerman region of Iran using DesignBuilder simulation software, demonstrating the difference in heat gains in traditional courtyard houses in Kerman and the effectiveness of DesignBuilder simulation software. [PERSON] et al. [60] conducted a study of near-zero energy retrofitting of an existing building using BIM technology and energy modelling. Energy models of the buildings were created using 3D laser scanning technology and energy simulations were carried out using DesignBuilder software to evaluate retrofit options. The study was carried out on a residential building in Dezhou, Shandong Province, China. The results show that electricity generation can be increased by adjusting the angle of the solar PV modules.