## 7 Conclusions  
Ensuring the reliability of end-to-end V2C communication is important for automated driving and intelligent transport systems. We address the issue of improving V2C reliability by efficiently utilizing redundant packet delivery across multiple paths while improving and mitigating path redundancy. We propose a method that dynamically adjusts multiple paths to improve and maintain reliability, thus enabling redundancy mitigation. The evaluation results show that the proposed method allows V2C communication to maintain the target reliability and utilize the appropriate number of paths with low redundancy. Compared with packet-delivery operations that use a fixed number of paths for packet transmission, the proposed method achieves effective utilization of multiple paths in terms of both high reliability and a small number of redundant paths. This paper limits its scope to examining vehicle-to-cloud reliability based on packet loss status. Future work includes examining delay improvements based on path redundancy, reliability of cloud-to-vehicle communication, and optimization of path selection and path redundancy management.  
Conceptualization, R.T. and K.S.; methodology, R.T. and K.S.; validation, R.T. and K.S.; writing--review and editing, R.T. and K.S. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.  
This study was conducted as part of the \"Advanced Mobility Service Research, Development, and Social Implementation Project for Level 4 Automated Driving\" for the Ministry of Economy, Trade, and Industry, and was partly supported by JSPS KAKENHI Grant Number JP20H00589.  
Not applicable.  
Data Availability Statement: Data is contained within the article.  
The authors would like to thank the members of the AdMobi-dm2 Consortium for their advice. The authors would like to thank the reviewers for their thorough review.  
The authors declare no conflicts of interest.  
Appendix A Extended Evaluation Results: The Impact of the Offset in the Reliability Threshold on Reliability, Path Number, and Redundancy  
We further examined the impact of different offset values for the reliability threshold on the decrease in the number of paths. The threshold offset values used were 0, 0.02, 0.04, 0.06, 0.08, and 0.1.  
Figure 14 shows the resulting reliability values for the different offset values. Offset values larger than 0.06 led to high reliability values of up to 0.96. Other offset values resulted in reliability values that were a little higher or near the target reliability.  
Figure 14 shows the resulting path numbers employed in V2C communication for the different offset values. Offset values larger than 0.06 led to an average of three paths being adopted in the multipath connection. Other offset values resulted in a number of paths ranging from 2.05 to 2.5. An offset value of 0.06 resulted in the smallest path number of 2.05 being employed in the multipath connection. An offset value of 0.02 resulted in 10 path changes, whereas offset values of 0.04 and 0.06 resulted in 9 and 1 path changes, respectively. Offset values larger than 0.06 resulted in no changes in the number of paths.  
Figure 14 shows the resulting receiving redundancy values for the different offset values. An offset value of 0.06 resulted in the smallest redundancy value of 0.501, whereas offset values larger than 0.06 resulted in the largest redundancy value of 1.063.