## 4 Cases Study
### Czech Republic Grider Bridge Case Study
#### 4.1.1 Scenario 1 (Reference Scenario)  
The failure to make substantial repairs regarding the bridge's structure and accessories beyond routine pavement maintenance has led to the deterioration that will eventually lead to the bridge's collapse. Following the previous section, the following assumptions are made regarding existing structure defects, development, and estimated failure times (see Figure 13):  
* Failure of the pavement within five years due to the development of fractures near the EJ position, sweating and deformation (as stated, the pavement layer requires restoration). The pavement will then be repaired. However, only the pavement is included, not the waterproofing. The estimated cost is 40,000 euros per bridge, temporarily reducing accessibility. Concrete parapets will collapse in ten years, rendering the crash barrier insecure and no longer safe. It is assumed that the temporary concrete crash barrier will be installed now. As the bridge becomes narrower, safety and accessibility are diminished. The cost per bridge is estimated at 50,000 euros.
* Reduction of stability at the abutment below a bearing and, more probable, damage to the pre-stretching cables within twenty years (bridge collapse and replacement with a new structure).  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{p{42.7 pt} p{42.7 pt} p{42.7 pt} p{42.7 pt} p{42.7 pt} p{42.7 pt} p{42.7 pt} p{42.7 pt} p{42.7 pt} p{42.7 pt}} \hline \hline
**Structure** & **Component** & **Material** & **Construction** & **Failure Mode** & **Vurnerable Zone** & **Symptoms** & **KPI** & **Performance Indicator** & **Estimated Failure Time** \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{Pre stressed Bridge (Grider)} & Edge Main Grider & Prestressed Concrete & 1983 & Global Failure & Bottom flange and Prestressing cables & Reinforcement operation & 3 & 20 years \\ \cline{2-10}  & Edge Main Grider & Prestressed Concrete & 1983 & Global Failure & Anchors of Prestressing cables & Leakage, crack in the anchor zone & Reliability (structure safety) & 3 & 20 years \\ \cline{2-10}  & Bearings & Steel & 1983 & Bearing Failure & Bearing & Corrosion & 2 & 40 years \\ \cline{2-10}  & \multirow{2}{*}{Abutments} & Reinforced Concrete & 1983 & Loss of stability under the edge bearing & Bearing block & Concrete deterioration & 3 & 20 years \\ \cline{2-10}  & & Steel & 1983 & Corrosion and Collapse & Bottom section of parapet & Reinforcement deterioration & 3 & 10 years \\ \cline{2-10}  & \multirow{2}{*}{Asphal at EJ} & \multirow{2}{*}{1983} & Serviceability at EJ} & \multirow{2}{*}{Expansion and Failure} & \multirow{2}{*}{Asphal-retization, cracks} & \multirow{2}{*}{Safety} & \multirow{2}{*}{3} & \multirow{2}{*}{5 years} \\ \cline{2-10}  & & & & & & & & \\ \cline{2-10}  & \multirow{2}{*}{Concrete} & \multirow{2}{*}{1983} & Parapet degradation & \multirow{2}{*}{Top surface} & Crack \& ASR & 3 & 10 years \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}
Table 1: Czech Republic’s girder bridge key performance indicators (source: COST Action TU1406).  
* If there are insufficient resources, the roadway will be closed. Nevertheless, the nearby bridge will accommodate just a single traffic lane in each direction; consequently, traffic will be delayed, and traffic jams might be forecasted.
* The repair will cost \(\ell 1.9\) million.
* Replacement of the roadway every twenty years and bridge maintenance every forty years is a preventative approach for the new bridge.
* Half of the bridge will undergo maintenance, resulting in a temporary reduction in accessibility. The cost to repair the pavement is 110,000 euros, while the cost to repair the entire complex (pavement, the crash barrier, railing, and parapets) is 300,000 euros.