# Application of the Supercapacitor for Energy Storage in China: Role and Strategy
## 4 Strategy and Innovation Status Quo
### Policy Incentives  
The Chinese government has attached great importance to incentive policies for new energy and energy storage technology in recent years. In the key area of the current guidelines to the development of high technology industrialization, China clarifies the importance of developing large capacity electric energy and the application of the braking absorption equipment in urban rail trains. As an important element of power and electronic systems, the innovation and popularization of supercapacitors are of great significant for environmentally friendly and sustainable development. Supercapacitors have obvious advantages in electric vehicle applications. Energy-saving vehicles and new energy vehicles industry guidelines issued by the State Council emphasizes the strengthening of the key technologies R&D of new energy vehicles, especially the development of new supercapacitors combined with batteries. The construction of new energy bus demonstration city will be beneficial to promote the iteration and maturity of supercapacitor on-board energy storage technology. Meanwhile, many local governments in China have introduced preferential policies to encourage the development of local supercapacitor industries. For example, the local government in Chaoyang City in Liaoning province issued several policies on supporting the infrastructure construction of the supercapacitor industry in October 2019. These policies can offer help to the enterprises and projects in terms of technology, investment, and finance support and so on. In December of the same year, the single-layer graphene film for the electrode of supercapacitors was volume manufactured in Chaoyang City, which can bring trillions in production value in the future combined with the upstream and downstream industries' production chain. In 2060, according to the forecast from the state grid of China, the per capita consumption of electricity will be about 8000 kW/year, so the total demand for electricity will be 14.5 trillion kWh/year, of which hydropower is expected to take up 1.5 trillion kWh and nuclear power, 1.6 trillion kWh. Due to the instability of renewable energy, thermal power is estimated to retain 2 trillion kWh. So, the demand for wind power and photovoltaic power generation needs to provide a total of 9.4 trillion kWh, among which the estimated total installed capacity of wind  
Figure 9: (**a**) Patent application trend in the field of supercapacitors. (**b**) Distribution of patent application country (region). (**c**) China supercapacitors market size forecast (CNY 100 million). (**d**) Subdivision product scale and forecast of supercapacitor in China.  
power is 1.2 billion kW (2000 h per year), and photovoltaic is 3 billion kW (1500 h per year). Such a large photovoltaic grid connection will definitely cause a huge impact on the power grid. The instantaneous mismatch between energy supply and demand will lead to the instability of the voltage or frequency of the power. On the other hand, power generation, transmission and power sides were designed according to the rated voltage and frequency, which will lead to the damage of these power electric equipment. In addition, it may lead to regional power failure, such as the Texas power failure in the winter of last year. Therefore, with the input of a large number of unstable power sources, whether it is power generation, transmission or utilization, energy storage technology is essential. However, many energy storage technologies, such as flow batteries, pumped storage, compressed air, etc., struggle to meet such rapid response requirements. Currently, only supercapacitors can meet the demand for short-term high-frequency storage.