# Blind Spot Detection Radar System Design for Safe Driving of Smart Vehicles
## 4 BSD Radar System Design
### System Specification  
The system parameters for designing the BSD radar system can be determined based on the detection range, manufacturer's specifications, and radar performance. However, the definition of system parameters refers to the values defined in international standards and standards of each country. Table 3 shows the system parameters for the BSD radar designed in this paper, which were defined to meet the specifications of KS X ISO 17387 [22] and BS ISO 17387 [23]. Table 3 defines the system operating frequency, Tx Antenna Gain (\(G_{t}\)), and Tx Power (\(P_{t}\)) as design conditions. Additionally, it requires Rx Antenna Gain (\(G_{r}\)) for detecting received signals. The table also outlines the size of the FFT used in system design, along with parameters for evaluating system performance, such as System Gain (\(G_{SYS}\)), Noise Figure (NF), System Loss (\(L_{SYS}\)), and Processing Loss (\(L_{PRO}\)). As the detection range (R) is a crucial factor in the performance of BSD radar, BSD radar systems should be designed to meet all the parameters specified in Table 3.  
Table 4 outlines the parameters necessary for evaluating the performance of the BSD radar system in terms of signal transmission and reception. The Tx system parameters comprise Center Frequency, Start Frequency, Stop Frequency, and Tx Power, which is a critical factor in signal transmission. The Rx system design specifies Rx Gain as a key parameter that can significantly influence receiver performance. Moreover, the frequencies of the High Pass Filter and Low Pass Filter, which are utilized to differentiate between high and low frequencies of the received signal, are defined.  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c} \hline \hline  & **Parameter** & **Value** & **Unit** & **Remark** \\ \hline \multirow{5}{*}{Tx} & Center Frequency & 76.5 & GHz & \\  & Start Frequency & 76.31 & GHz & \\  & Stop Frequency & 76.69 & GHz & - \\  & Tx Power & 13 & dBm & - \\  & & & & 78-81 GHz 7-13 dBm \\ \hline \multirow{5}{*}{Rx} & Rx Gain & 45 & dB & - \\  & High Pass Filter & 400 & KHz & - \\  & Low Pass Filter & 10 & MHz & - \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}
Table 4: Parameters for Tx and Rx of BSD Radar System.  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c} \hline \hline
**Parameter** & **Value** & **Remark** \\ \hline Operation Frequency & 76.5 GHz & Center Frequency \\ Tx Power (\(P_{t}\)) & 10 dBm & \\ Tx Antenna Gain (\(G_{t}\)) & 7 dBi & Antenna Peak Gain (Az.0\({}^{\circ}\)) \\ Rx Antenna Gain (\(G_{r}\)) & 12 dBi & Antenna Peak Gain (Az.0\({}^{\circ}\)) \\ Target RCS (\(\sigma\)) & & CAR Average RCS \\
1D FFT Point (N) & 256 & \\
2D FFT Point (M) & 256 & \\ System Gain (\(G_{SYS}\)) & 3 dB & LNA, LO Gain, etc. \\ Detection Range (R) & 1 m\(\sim\)6 m & \\ Noise Figure (NF) & 15 dB & \\ System Loss (\(L_{SYS}\)) & 3 dB & Feedline, Mismatch, etc. \\ System Noise Offset (\(N_{OFF}\)) & 6 dB & System Noise Level Offset \\ Processing Loss (\(L_{PRO}\)) & 6 dB & Window, Straddle, etc. \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}
Table 3: Parameters for BSD Radar System.  
Table 5 specifies the performance requirements for the BSD radar system designed to satisfy the criteria outlined in Tables 3 and 4. To interpret the Rx signal reflected by the target from the Tx signal, Detection, Accuracy, and Resolution metrics are defined for both distance and velocity. Azimuth Angle is also defined to determine the range of the BSD, while periodically updating signal analysis results at predefined intervals.  
The BSD radar system designed in this paper was developed to meet the radar performance within standardized specifications.