# Intelligent Traffic Model for Unmanned Ground Vehicles Based on DSDV-AODV Protocol
## 2 Method
### Dsdv-Aodv
#### 2.3.1 Work Mechanism of the Protocol
Then, the source node will perform the route discovery process again if the route is still required [16; 17]. ### Benchmarks

A routing protocol's performance is assessed using performance metrics. This statistic utilizes standard units to gauge network performance. Average delay, network QoS, and throughput are some of the metrics utilized in this study to gauge how well the protocol performs in the network. #### 2.4.1 QoS

Network QoS, also known as network load, is the quantity of routing traffic delivered based on the rate in bits/s at which data packets are sent from the source to the destination, which is calculated as shown in Equation (1). It also controls how many packets are transmitted over the network. In other words, the volume of control messages transmitted to the destination determines the traffic stress. In bits/s, the network load is expressed. Additionally, network load is a situation in which there is a lot of traffic on the network, and it is challenging for the network to handle it all. High network QoS have an impact on packet routing on the VANET by slowing down packet delivery to the target node and increasing packet collisions [18; 19]. \[\text{QoS}=P\times D+F\times T \tag{1}\]

where the components of the equation are as follows:

\(P\) = Performance;

\(D\) = Delay;

\(F\) = Frequency;

\(T\) = Throughput. #### 2.4.2 Delay

When network protocols employ all of their available resources, there is a time delay created by the transmission process from one point to the destination. This performance of the network is known as a delay. An intelligent traffic application is one of those that are sensitive to packet delay. Equation (2) illustrates the many forms of delays, including processing delay (PD), transmission delay (TD), and propagation delay (PD) [20; 21]. \[d_{end-end}=N\left(d_{trans}+d_{prop}+d_{proc}\right) \tag{2}\]

where the components of the equation are as follows:

\(d_{end-end}\) = End to end delay;

\(d_{trans}\) = Transmission delay;

\(d_{prop}\) = Propagating delay;

\(d_{proc}\) = Processing delay. #### 2.4.3 Throughput

Throughout influences the typical pace at which packets arrive across the transmission line. It assesses protocol performance efficiency and effectiveness and measures network performance from one node to the destination. The ability of the routing algorithm to transport the network is also examined. Throughput is influenced by various variables, such as network architecture changes, erratic communication between nodes, bandwidth, and power restrictions. High throughput is the only way to measure network capability. Additionally, productivity may be quantitatively described as seen in Equation (3) [22; 23; 24]. \[Throughput=\frac{number\:of\:packet\:sent\times packet\:size\times 8(bits)}{Total\: simulation\:time} \tag{3}\]

## 3 Result and Discussion

In this section, the proposed simulation of intelligent traffic is evaluated and discussed. The simulation was applied on the 802.11p networks and the DSDV-AODV routing protocol was employed. The results are computed and reviewed to identify the best routing strategy for the measured metric values, based on the scenarios stated in the Section 2. ### Results

The OMNET++ simulator produces the simulation results, and all results are presented as charts with data that must be examined and described to provide details of the performance. The amount of time needed for the simulation is called simulation time (ST). This section determines the outcomes of various situations based on the number of nodes in the network layout. The comparison is represented by a table that includes previously examined parameters. The table compares the outcomes of the various employed routing protocols, and the subsections evaluate the results for each scenario. #### 3.1.1 The First Scenario

This section explains the variations in each parameter's findings from two scenarios with the same structure but different routing strategies. These scenarios are as follows:

1. The scenario in which the network contains 20 fixed nodes.