# Investigation of Improved Cooperative Coevolution for Large-Scale Global Optimization Problems +
## 5 Conclusions
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c c} \hline \hline  & \(\mathbf{F_{1}}\) & \(\mathbf{F_{2}}\) & \(\mathbf{F_{3}}\) & \(\mathbf{F_{4}}\) & \(\mathbf{F_{5}}\) & \(\mathbf{F_{6}}\) & \(\mathbf{F_{7}}\) & \(\mathbf{F_{8}}\) \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{Q1} & \(2.32\times 10^{9}\) & \(1.02\times 10^{4}\) & \(2.14\times 10\) & \(1.30\times 10^{11}\) & \(7.24\times 10^{6}\) & \(1.06\times 10^{6}\) & \(1.66\times 10^{9}\) & \(3.33\times 10^{15}\) \\  & \(2.86\times 10^{9}\) & \(1.05\times 10^{4}\) & \(2.14\times 10\) & \(4.52\times 10^{11}\) & \(8.56\times 10^{6}\) & \(1.06\times 10^{6}\) & \(2.84\times 10^{9}\) & \(7.77\times 10^{15}\) \\  & \(3.11\times 10^{9}\) & \(1.07\times 10^{4}\) & \(2.14\times 10\) & \(9.97\times 10^{11}\) & \(1.01\times 10^{7}\) & \(1.06\times 10^{6}\) & \(4.41\times 10^{9}\) & \(1.35\times 10^{16}\) \\  & \(2.86\times 10^{9}\) & \(1.05\times 10^{4}\) & \(2.14\times 10\) & \(4.92\times 10^{11}\) & \(8.71\times 10^{6}\) & \(1.06\times 10^{6}\) & \(3.00\times 10^{9}\) & \(7.93\times 10^{15}\) \\  & \(2.11\times 10^{8}\) & \(1.27\times 10^{2}\) & \(4.86\times 10^{-3}\) & \(2.14\times 10^{11}\) & \(7.57\times 10^{5}\) & \(1.26\times 10^{3}\) & \(7.82\times 10^{8}\) & \(2.76\times 10^{15}\) \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{Q2} & \(1.47\times 10^{3}\) & \(1.02\times 10^{3}\) & \(2.12\times 10\) & \(2.22\times 10^{10}\) & \(1.48\times 10^{6}\) & \(1.06\times 10^{6}\) & \(6.28\times 10^{7}\) & \(4.69\times 10^{14}\) \\  & \(2.96\times 10^{3}\) & \(1.49\times 10^{3}\) & \(2.12\times 10\) & \(6.61\times 10^{10}\) & \(2.57\times 10^{6}\) & \(1.06\times 10^{6}\) & \(1.84\times 10^{8}\) & \(1.07\times 10^{15}\) \\  & \(7.55\times 10^{3}\) & \(2.09\times 10^{3}\) & \(2.12\times 10\) & \(1.22\times 10^{11}\) & \(6.41\times 10^{6}\) & \(1.06\times 10^{6}\) & \(7.22\times 10^{8}\) & \(2.63\times 10^{15}\) \\  & \(3.21\times 10^{3}\) & \(1.51\times 10^{3}\) & \(2.12\times 10\) & \(6.53\times 10^{10}\) & \(2.77\times 10^{6}\) & \(1.06\times 10^{6}\) & \(2.49\times 10^{8}\) & \(1.16\times 10^{5}\) \\  & \(1.57\times 10^{3}\) & \(2.96\times 10^{2}\) & \(7.87\times 10^{-3}\) & \(2.67\times 10^{10}\) & \(1.18\times 10^{6}\) & \(1.43\times 10^{3}\) & \(1.89\times 10^{8}\) & \(4.98\times 10^{14}\) \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{Q3} & \(1.32\times 10^{-18}\) & \(8.35\times 10^{2}\) & \(2.05\times 10^{5}\) & \(2.90\times 10^{8}\) & \(1.48\times 10^{6}\) & \(1.05\times 10^{6}\) & \(4.65\times 10^{4}\) & \(2.85\times 10^{11}\) \\  & \(6.77\times 10^{-18}\) & \(9.35\times 10^{2}\) & \(2.07\times 10\) & \(7.87\times 10^{8}\) & \(2.53\times 10^{6}\) & \(1.06\times 10^{6}\) & \(2.56\times 10^{5}\) & \(1.26\times 10^{12}\) \\  & \(6.72\times 10^{-17}\) & \(1.03\times 10^{3}\) & \(2.08\times 10\) & \(3.37\times 10^{9}\) & \(3.84\times 10^{6}\) & \(1.06\times 10^{6}\) & \(6.63\times 10^{5}\) & \(1.25\times 10^{13}\) \\  & \(1.01\times 10^{-17}\) & \(9.37\times 10^{2}\) & \(2.07\times 10\) & \(9.71\times 10^{8}\) & \(2.47\times 10^{6}\) & \(1.06\times 10^{6}\) & \(2.70\times 10^{5}\) & \(2.84\times 10^{12}\) \\  & \(1.29\times 10^{-17}\) & \(3.87\times 10\) & \(3.93\times 10^{-2}\) & \(6.81\times 10^{8}\) & \(5.78\times 10^{5}\) & \(1.75\times 10^{3}\) & \(1.38\times 10^{5}\) & \(3.30\times 10^{12}\) \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{Q1} & \(\mathbf{F_{9}}\) & \(\mathbf{F_{10}}\) & \(\mathbf{F_{11}}\) & \(\mathbf{F_{12}}\) & \(\mathbf{F_{13}}\) & \(\mathbf{F_{14}}\) & \(\mathbf{F_{15}}\) & \\ \cline{2-8}  & \(5.86\times 10^{8}\) & \(9.33\times 10^{7}\) & \(7.05\times 10^{10}\) & \(2.56\times 10^{9}\) & \(8.31\times 10^{10}\) & \(5.31\times 10^{11}\) & \(4.40\times 10^{7}\) & \\ \cline{2-8}  & \(6.75\times 10^{8}\) & \(9.42\times 10^{7}\) & \(2.74\times 10^{11}\) & \(3.09\times 10^{9}\) & \(1.12\times 10^{11}\) & \(9.88\times 10^{11}\) & \(6.32\times 10^{7}\) & \\ \cline{2-8}  & \(8.06\times 10^{8}\) & \(9.51\times 10^{7}\) & \(1.47\times 10^{12}\) & \(3.84\times 10^{9}\) & \(1.34\times 10^{11}\) & \(1.53\times 10^{12}\) & \(9.31\times 10^{7}\) & \\ \cline{2-8}  & \(6.80\times 10^{8}\) & \(9.