## 7 Discussion
Persistent and abundant offshore winds were recorded at various locations on the Red Sea coast, with average wind speeds of 4.5-7 m s\({}^{-1}\). Three primary areas for favorable offshore winds on the Red Sea are characterized by high performance compared to the other coastal locations in the region (see Figures 7 and 8). In particular, the findings of the long-term analysis of offshore wind speed over the Red Sea indicate a great opportunity for Saudi Arabia to harvest energy from the Red Sea due to the presence of more potential wind energy resources in this location. To achieve the ambitious target of CO\({}_{2}\) reduction and climate change mitigation, it is essential to reduce fossil fuel use and phase out coal consumption. Although the GCC countries are among the largest carbon-producing countries, they do not rely on coal for all of their industrial activities and energy generation, as in the rest of the developed world. Coal produces significant CO\({}_{2}\) emissions compared to other types of fossil fuels. Based on Figures 9-12, GCC countries have not fully utilized their potential energy resources and they must pay more attention to wind and solar energy resources to increase their use of clean energy. One mitigation strategy is to levy a substantial local carbon tax on organizations and companies that produce high rates of CO\({}_{2}\) emissions and increase the current international carbon tax on all countries until the required decrease in CO\({}_{2}\) emissions is achieved. Reducing energy consumption is essential, especially in countries such as the GCC, which are experiencing growing energy demand. The deployment of solar and wind energy and accelerated decarbonization technologies are critical solutions to climate change. Furthermore, decarbonization processes must be sufficiently developed to have an impact at a scale sufficient to reduce CO2 emissions. Based on IRENA's 2019 report, and the findings of this review, implementing renewable energy in the GCC region power sector can reduce oil consumption by 23% (354 million barrels) by 2030. Low-carbon technology will lower CO2 emissions by 22%, equivalent to 136 million tons (MtCO2) in the region. In addition, the water used for power generation and oil extraction can be reduced by 17%, equivalent to 11.5 trillion liters. This deployment has a positive impact on the GCC region and the world in terms of supporting climate change mitigation and global sustainability and creating a large number of jobs--around 220,500 in the energy sector, which supports local and global economies. Adopting stricter regulations, including the reduction in energy subsidies, is one approach. Raising awareness and educating the public about the risks of climate change and its consequences would reduce CO2 emissions. In addition, granting countries and organizations committed to reducing CO2 emissions some advantages and powers of encouragement could play a significant role. The desired outcomes are contingent upon the carbon emissions goals set for developing countries, such as those in the GCC; they are distinct from those assigned to developed countries. The GCC is considered a promising region because of its tremendous wealth and significant potential for alternative energy development. That potential must be harnessed to serve its nations, contribute to climate change mitigation, and build a prosperous future. However, the overall impacts are hard to predict, as oil and natural gas extraction may have unexpected consequences. Progress in the contribution of solar and wind energy in climate change mitigation is expected to be essential for the GCC region due to the government's plans regarding low-carbon technology deployment. Increased solar and wind energy share in the energy generation supply can decrease fossil fuel consumption in the region, tackle the issue of single-resource reliance, and have a positive effect on the environment and economic growth.