## 4 Analysis of Results
### Analysis of Survey Questionnaire
#### 4.2.3 Objective (c): Investigate the Opportunities and Effect of Mobile/Cloud Devices Used Onsite  
The study aimed to establish the opportunities and effects of mobile/cloud BIM apps' use in onsite construction projects. Table 5 reveals that communication is the benefit with the highest score. 2.4 Objective (d): Investigate the Challenges of Mobile/Cloud BIM Devices and Applications in Construction Site Activities  
This study aimed to investigate the challenges for the adoption of cloud BIM at construction sites. The results are presented in Table 6. Based on the results, skills shortage and competencies are the most significant factors hindering the uptake mobile/cloud BIM for use in onsite construction projects. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Hindrance Factors** & \begin{tabular}{c} **Highly** \\ **Significant** \\ \end{tabular} & **Significant** & \begin{tabular}{c} **Less** \\ **Significant** \\ \end{tabular} & \
\begin{tabular}{c} **Not** \\ **Significant** \\ \end{tabular} &
\begin{tabular}{c} **Response** \\ **Count** \\ \end{tabular} \\ \hline Lack of trust with data security and privacy & 42 & 78 & 42 & 12 & 174 \\ \hline Lack of vision and strategy & 42 & 54 & 66 & 18 & 180 \\ Data ownership and confidentiality & 48 & 42 & 66 & 12 & 168 \\ Lack of audit trail & 18 & 54 & 54 & 48 & 174 \\ Lack of skills and competencies & 84 & 36 & 42 & 12 & 174 \\ Cultural differences & 30 & 42 & 30 & 72 & 174 \\ Lack of transparency & 6 & 54 & 48 & 66 & 174 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 6: Mobile/cloud BIM barriers. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Cloud BIM Uses** & \begin{tabular}{c} **Most** \\ **Frequent** \\ \end{tabular} & \begin{tabular}{c} **More** \\ **Frequent** \\ \end{tabular} & \begin{tabular}{c} **Frequent** \\ \end{tabular} & \
\begin{tabular}{c} **Less** \\ **Frequent** \\ \end{tabular} &
\begin{tabular}{c} **Never** \\ **Count** \\ \end{tabular} \\ \hline Accessing and sharing real-time data & 42 & 30 & 30 & 30 & 42 & 174 \\ Requesting information and change orders & 36 & 30 & 30 & 24 & 60 & 180 \\ Communicating with other key organizations & 30 & 36 & 66 & 18 & 30 & 180 \\ Monitoring work tasks and resources & 36 & 6 & 12 & 42 & 78 & 174 \\ Detecting potential clashes due to design errors & 36 & 30 & 54 & 12 & 48 & 180 \\ Collecting and retrieving progress information & 30 & 12 & 30 & 18 & 78 & 168 \\ Liaising with and updating the progress of the project & 30 & 6 & 24 & 30 & 78 & 168 \\ Coordinating partners and working groups engaged & 18 & 36 & 48 & 24 & 48 & 174 \\ Recording and managing project progress & 24 & 12 & 30 & 48 & 54 & 168 \\ Coordinating construction schedules & 6 & 24 & 24 & 30 & 84 & 168 \\ Others & & & & & & 18 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 4: Mobile/cloud BIM uses. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Benefits** & \begin{tabular}{c} **Highly** \\ **Significant** \\ \end{tabular} & **Significant** & \begin{tabular}{c} **Less** \\ **Significant** \\ \end{tabular} & \
\begin{tabular}{c} **Not** \\ **Significant** \\ \end{tabular} &
\begin{tabular}{c} **Response** \\ **Count** \\ \end{tabular} \\ \hline Timeline reduction & 24 & 54 & 48 & 36 & 162 \\ Effective and efficient communication & 72 & 66 & 18 & 18 & 174 \\ Reduction of project cost & 18 & 72 & 42 & 30 & 162 \\ Accuracy increase & 42 & 84 & 24 & 24 & 174 \\ Improved information flow & 66 & 84 & 12 & 12 & 174 \\ Quality increase & 42 & 54 & 42 & 24 & 162 \\ Risk reduction & 42 & 66 & 42 & 18 & 168 \\ Waste reduction & 12 & 48 & 90 & 12 & 162 \\ Optimised project scope & 6 & 54 & 66 & 36 & 162 \\ Synchronised project team & 42 & 90 & 24 & 18 & 174 \\ Seamless integration in project processes & 24 & 60 & 48 & 30 & 162 \\ Others & & & & & 36 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 5: Mobile/cloud BIM benefits.