# Smart Detection System of Safety Hazards in Industry 5.0
## 2 Industry 5.0: Building a Human-Centric Industry
### Evolution of Industrial Revolutions and Industry 5.0  
The first industrial revolution, Industry 1.0, rooted in the late 18 th century, marked the transition from manual production methods to mechanized ones through the utilization of water and steam power. This shift brought about an increase in production and was primarily driven by the need for greater output and advancements in engineering. Progressing to Industry 2.0 in the early 20 th century, the focus transitioned to mass production and assembly line techniques powered mainly by electricity. This change was necessitated by the growing demands of the growing global population and was characterized by the assembly lines of the automotive industry. Industry 3.0 came about in the late 20 th century and was focused on the integration of computers and automation into the production process. The motivation for this transition was the rapid developments in electronic technology and the need for more precision, speed, and efficiency in production. Industry 4.0 began in 2011 with an initiative in the high-tech strategy of the German government [2]. It describes the transformation of traditional industries through the integration of digital technologies, automation, and AI. It refers to the digitization of the manufacturing sector, which is driven by the rise of data, connectivity, analytics, and advancements in robotics. The integration of digital technologies into manufacturing reduces setup and processing times and labor and material costs, resulting in higher productivity in production [3]. Furthermore, this integration mitigates energy consumption and minimizes waste generation [4]. The capabilities of Industry 4.0 solutions allow the collection, analysis, and interpretation of a vast amount of data in real-time, empowering the rapid acquisition  
Figure 1: The proposed flexible and adjustable detection system for real-time hazard detection. of actionable insights and enhancing decision-making accuracy. However, from a socially sustainable perspective, the technological changes associated with Industry 4.0 should carefully recognize the central importance of human participation in the loop [5]. The idea of Industry 5.0 appears as an extension of Industry 4.0, originating from the observation that Industry 4.0 places less emphasis on the principles of social fairness and sustainability but more on digitalization and AI-driven technologies. Consequently, the concept of Industry 5.0 was introduced in 2017, emphasizing the importance of research and innovation to support the industry in its long-term service to humanity and adding humans into the equation while respecting planetary boundaries [6] and social aspects. Specifically, the Fifth Industrial Revolution emphasizes the necessity of placing humans at the heart of production processes, involving them in every step. This means that smart machines and robots are working together with humans to improve the efficiency of industrial production, considering the environmental impact. Additionally, Industry 5.0 identifies the ability of industry to fulfill social objectives by taking into account the limitations of our planet's resources as well as placing importance on employee health [7]. Industry 5.0 can yield numerous advantages for the manufacturing sector. Firstly, by combining advanced technologies with human intelligence, manufacturers can attain significant improvements in productivity and efficiency, resulting in enhanced competition while reducing costs. The enhanced collaboration between humans and machines holds the potential to establish manufacturing processes where machines handle routine tasks while humans undertake more complex tasks demanding advanced skills like innovation, decision-making, and problem-solving. Therefore, the accuracy and speed of manufacturing activities can be improved [8].