## 3 Conclusions  
It has been shown that the gravitational field within the North Tianshan Mountains region is characterized by the presence of pronounced positive and negative anomalies. The relationship between the probability of an earthquake occurring and the alternation of changes in the gravity field has been determined. In particular, researchers have discussed the correspondence of earthquakes to areas around high-stress zones or anomalous regions that demonstrate alternating positive and negative changes in gravity. For the first time, authors have shown that the Hutubi earthquake was caused by the blind thrusting and associated folding of the overlying strata in the North Tianshan fold-and-thrust belt. A special recurrent neural network has been proposed for predicting earthquakes in the Duzce Province in Turkey, based on the data collected over the period of 1990-2022. This network has higher prediction capabilities compared to other techniques. It has been shown that changes in the electric field potential gradient are accompanied by variations of meteorological phenomena and characteristics such as rain, snow, fog, wind speed, air conductivity and the H-component of the magnetic field. The power spectra of the electric fields in the range of atmospheric gravity waves are obtained. These spectra demonstrate a complex nature and contain a large number of maxima in the period from 0.5 to 3 h. The most powerful fluctuations of the electric field correspond to 2-2.5 h.  
Based on the processing of measurement data [12], the authors have obtained:  
1. Spatial distributions of the electrical conductivity and pH in the snow water of Lake Baikal;
2. Spatial distributions of the content of sulfate (SO\({}_{4}^{2-}\)), nitrate (NO\({}_{3}^{-}\)) and ammonium ions (NH\({}_{4}^{+}\)) in the snow cover of the Baikal basin. Taking into account the percentage distribution of the transfer pathways of air masses calculated from cities, their main source, the authors clarify the picture of pollution formation within the Baikal region. The obtained results are the basis for deeper dependencies between dynamic atmospheric characteristics and the content of atmospheric pollutants. Minisodar data were used to obtain and analyze spatial and temporal changes in the density vector of the kinetic energy flow of the wind within the lower layer of the atmosphere. Vertical distributions of total kinetic wind energy with and without an allowance for kinetic outlier energy were obtained. These results are a possible foundation for improvements to the empirical and theoretical basis of atmospheric physics. It is shown that the data of the Sounding of the Atmosphere using Broadband Emission Radiometry and a Fabry-Perot interferometer, as well as the empirical atmospheric model NRLMSIS, demonstrate good agreement with each other. The authors link the observed differences in time variations to the influence of the underlying layers of the atmosphere, with sudden stratospheric warming causing a slower decrease in air temperature [13]. Moreover, it is possible to assume that the differences in instrumental measurements may be due to other factors associated with the geometry of measurements. Similarly to the data on optical measurements, an analysis of light wave distortions during their propagation from the upper layers of the Earth's atmosphere to the lower layers and vice versa give different estimations of optical distortion. To a certain extent, these differences are related to the different field of view of the optical instruments and the different paths that optical waves propagate through in the atmosphere. It was shown that the PWV values estimated from MERRA-2 and water vapor radiometer measurements are in good agreement. Also, temporal variations of PWV derived using neural networks and GNSS data demonstrate a high level of consistency at the Badary station. Researchers obtained probability density and cumulative distributions of 230 GHz zenith opacity at the Terskol peak and at the Suffa plateau.