# M-Healthcare Model: An Architecture for a Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Mobile Application
###### Abstract  
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2 DM) is a metabolic disorder wherein the patients require DM management to keep their blood glucose under proper and regular control. Diabetes mellitus can be managed with the help of technologies, one of which is mobile health. Mobile health is an innovation in telemedicine that utilizes gadgets as a medium to access digitally based health information and services by utilizing electronic devices connected to the Internet. Mobile health services are distinguished based on interactions between users and medical personnel; namely, interactive and non-interactive services. The developed application can integrate Android mobile application software with supporting hardware, such as a glucometer, a wearable band, a heart rate sensor, a treadmill, and an exercise bike. The provided features in this mobile application include the monitoring of medication, food intake, exercise, and sleep. This study's goal was to create a mobile application architecture for type 2 diabetes mellitus mobile applications. This research focused on developing an architecture for mobile diabetes applications, a hardware block diagram design, and an architecture of sensors for a type 2 diabetes mellitus mobile application. mobile health; diabetes; architecture; mobile application; mobile operating system +
Footnote †: journal: Medical  
can produce insulin, but the insulin it produces cannot be used optimally. Both of these conditions can cause blood sugar spikes in diabetics [3]. Diabetes (DM) is generally divided into type 1 diabetes, or insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus; type 2 diabetes, or non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus; other types of diabetes mellitus; and gestational diabetes mellitus (Table 1). Type 2 diabetes is a metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia due to insulin resistance and/or deficiency. Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2 DM) need DM management to properly and regularly control their blood glucose levels. Blood sugar levels can increase and decrease in an unstable manner if type 2 DM sufferers do not control their blood sugar levels properly, which can trigger complications [4]. Diabetes mellitus control is carried out using the basic principles of diabetes mellitus control management, including the modification of unhealthy lifestyles to become healthy in the form of diet, physical exercise, and adherence to antidiabetic drug consumption [5]. Self-management is an integral part of diabetes control. Self-care management of diabetes can effectively reduce the risk of DM (Table 2) sufferers having coronary heart complications; in addition, self-care can control normal blood sugar levels, reduce the impact of DM problems, and reduce DM mortality [10; 11]. Self-care performed by DM patients includes diet, eating habits, exercise, monitoring blood sugar levels, medication, and diabetic foot care. Efforts to overcome the weakness of self-care management of type 2 DM in controlling blood glucose levels that develop in the community to minimize DM complications can be assisted by utilizing technological developments [12].