# Decentralized Public Transport Management System Based on Blockchain Technology +
## 2 Related Work and Background  
To address the first research question, we executed a systematic literature review and analyzed sources focusing on the application of blockchain technology and smart contracts in the transportation field. Two hundred and four sources were analyzed, a quarter of which formed the basis of this work. The works were collected from 2019 to 2022, as this research direction is quite young.  
A general understanding of blockchain technology in the context of intelligent applications in Industry 4.0 is given in a comprehensive study [6]. It reveals the issue of blockchain security for applications in agriculture, healthcare, logistics and supply chains, business, tourism, hospitality, and energy. One of the main advantages of blockchains is the possibility for the secure transmission of information in systems.  
Delving into the use of blockchain in supply chains, it is important to mention one study [7], which presents, in detail, the classification of distributed registry technology in operations and supply chain management. In addition to the literature review, this study also offers a full-fledged architecture demonstrating the capabilities of blockchain technology in the transport sector. This further indicates the untapped potential of this technology. Thus, based on the number of literature reviews by researchers and the diverse sources considered, the problem of introducing blockchain technology in transport is urgent.  
Recent advances in maintenance optimization have demonstrated the effectiveness of mathematical approaches for complex technical systems. [PERSON] et al. [8] developed a comprehensive semi-Markov decision process model that allows organizations to determine the optimal maintenance policies by considering both preventive and condition-based maintenance options. Their approach provides a mathematical framework for analyzing equipment deterioration and maintenance scheduling while incorporating time constraints and cost optimization. This mathematical foundation is particularly relevant for blockchain-based maintenance systems, as it offers rigorous methods for decision making in maintenance management.  
Recent studies have demonstrated the effectiveness of survival analysis techniques in predictive maintenance applications. As highlighted by [PERSON] and [PERSON] [9], survival analysis provides a robust statistical framework for estimating machinery failure probabilities and identifying the significant factors affecting equipment lifespan. Their research showed how these techniques can be particularly valuable when integrated with existing maintenance systems, offering insights into both immediate failure risks and long-term reliability patterns.  
The integration of blockchain technology with maintenance planning has shown significant potential for optimizing resource utilization and improving system reliability. Recent research by [PERSON] et al. [10] demonstrated how blockchain-based maintenance systems can effectively manage and schedule maintenance activities while minimizing costs and maximizing resource utilization. Their approach provides a framework for integrating maintenance optimization with blockchain technology, offering insights into how decentralized systems can enhance maintenance planning efficiency.