## 1 Introduction  
The Kasane Hot Spring is located in the northern part of Botswana, on the banks of the Chobe River (Figure 1) in the town of Kasane and is close to the Chobe Fault [1]. Surface temperatures of a maximum of 50 \({}^{\circ}\)C have been measured in the thermal water of this hot spring [2]. The sources of the hot water and its heating mechanism are still unknown. Niles [3] conducted geochemical studies to document the Kasane Hot Spring and many other hot springs in neighboring Zambia, with surface temperatures ranging from 31.1 to 83.4 \({}^{\circ}\)C. These hot springs are mainly found in two zones: the Choma-Kalomo Block in southern Zambia, which is oriented NW-SE, and many others in the magmatic rift zone, particularly along the Luangwa Rift Valley (LRV) in central Zambia. The Luangwa Rift is a western arm of the East African Rift system [4, 5]. [PERSON] [3] recorded the highest pH in the Kasane and Choma-Kalomo Block hot springs in the range of 7.5 to 8.5. Furthermore, the study documented the highest measurement of total dissolved solids (TDSs) in Kasane's hot spring, registering at 9.5 g per liter (g/L). The hot spring of Kasane in Botswana and hot springs in Zambia lie along the local meteoric water line (LMWL; [6]) and the global meteoric water line (GMWL; [7]), predicting the origin of water at these hot springs as meteoric [3]. Neighboring Zambia has widespread occurrences of over 80 hot springs, some of which can be utilized to generate electricity [8]. Many hot springs are situated within fault zones that intersect extensive rock formations, spanning from the Precambrian to the Karoo era [8]. Some of these hot springs have been explored, where wells have been drilled and brines were tapped to extract salt, and some have been investigated for geothermal exploration [8, 9]. The exploration included geology, photogeology, geochemistry, trace element geochemistry, radon surveys, geophysics (electric), and drilling operations [8]. This investigation led to the development of a binary cycle geothermal power plant at one hot spring in the northern province of Zambia capable of producing a maximum power of 240 kW, which was used for rural electrification [8]. The hot springs in the Choma-Kalomo Block of Zambia are located in the same geological setting as the Kasane Hot Spring [3]. Previous studies suggest the presence of geothermal resources within the study area and its adjacent areas in the Choma-Kalomo Block of southwestern Zambia [2,3,8]. [PERSON] et al. [2] performed a spectral analysis using aeromagnetic data at the Kasane Hot Spring and the surrounding regions. They estimated Curie point depths (CPDs) and the depth to the bottom of magnetic sources, radiogenic heat generation, and heat flow using these aeromagnetic data. Their studies show shallow CPDs in the region, which indicate that magnetization is limited to the upper crust. The shallow Curie point depth may also indicate crustal thinning or intrusion that may lead to a high temperature close to the surface. [PERSON] et al. [10] conducted a seismicity study focusing on the whole of Botswana. Most activities are distributed over the northern part of Botswana and range in magnitude from 1.3 to 5.7. The mean seismic depth of the events that occurred in the area around the hot springs of Kasane in Botswana and Choma-Kalomo in Zambia, at a magnitude of 4.9 to 5.2 on the Richter scale, is relatively close to the mean Curie point depth of about 11 km [2]. The study also postulated that seismic events in the region could account for possible thermal accumulation in the hot springs of Kasane in Botswana and the Choma-Kalomo Block in Zambia. Investigations of underlying geological characteristics in geothermal areas have been conducted using the magnetotelluric (MT) approach. In the MT approach, the natural electromagnetic signal is used to examine the electrical resistivity of the Earth's subsurface [11].