# Determinants to Adopt Industrial Internet of Things in Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises
## 4 Discussion  
The first theme addressed various factors influencing the adoption of the IIoT, which has two subthemes. The first subtheme identified the factors that can accelerate the implementation of IIoT solutions in SMEs, such as the availability of manuals and guides for installation that influence seamless implementation. Second, the availability of hardware and technology to implement IIoT technologies can affect the adoption of the IIoT in SMEs [4]. Third, the technical team must know how to implement and design solutions in SMEs, as highlighted by numerous studies emphasizing the significance of technical teams in understanding IoT implementation [6]. Additionally, decision making can be open to adopting and embracing IIoT solutions. Moreover, data requirements and usage are other factors that can help to necessitate the importance of IIoT implementation, and considering these needs helps ensure the success of IIoT solutions implemented. The IIoT can enhance production operations and monitoring needs. Finally, in some cases, government regulations and incentive programs can help SMEs adopt IIoT solutions [26]. The second subtheme focused on ideas for mitigating the challenges of adopting IoT solutions. First, SMEs must receive training on cutting-edge technologies. Moreover, by understanding and embracing the challenges of implementing the IIoT, the ROI from IIoT-adopted operations can encourage SMEs. Finally, it is essential to have policies and processes that consider IIoT solutions. The second theme highlighted the benefits of implementing IoT solutions. The first benefit is regarding the prevention, maintenance, and prediction of calamities utilizing the sensors and the data analysis from IIoT systems. This extends to other benefits, such as preserving the company's assets by sensing potential issues regarding critical devices in the production line. Moreover, it can help with accurate data collection for the production pipeline. The precise data can be related to increased transparency in SMEs [27]. However, reduced human resources benefit stakeholders, such as the owners and senior management. The third theme focused mainly on the challenges preventing or delaying the implementation of IIoT systems in SMEs. This theme was divided into two main categories: (1) human-related factors and (2) machine-related factors. The top human-related factors included stakeholders' decision-making processes regarding IIoT implementation and the shortage of skilled personnel capable of executing the solutions [28]. The decisions made by stakeholders were crucial because they significantly influenced the implementation of IoT solutions within SMEs. The second major factor was the need for skilled workers, highlighting the necessity for technical expertise to implement these solutions and navigate successful applications. Consequently, adequate training is crucial for the existing workforce to equip them with the required technical skills and solutions. The next part of the discussion is to validate the consistency of thematic analysis and NLP in Section 3 and the factors ranking. The ranking was presented to the interviewees during the structured questions segment of the interviews. In addition, it is noticeable that the decision making by stakeholders and top management is the dominant factor that ensures the success of IIoT implementation in SMEs. This confirms previous studies that investigate the adoption of the IoT in manufacturing [15; 17]. Similarly, the availability of skilled personnel is noticed during the quantitative analysis of the interview transcripts and in the ranking, which emphasizes its importance in ensuring a successful implementation. This convergence from the different analytical approaches is quantitative by examining the transcripts with thematic analysis and qualitative using the ranking and the NLP approach. This holds for a considerable number of cases of development and deployment of software systems. Human-related factors greatly influence the successful deployment and usage of the system.