# Effect of Ozonized Water against Pathogenic Bacteria and Filamentous Fungi on Stainless Steel
## 3 Results and Discussion  
The results obtained against pathogenic bacteria are reported in Table 1 and Figure 2. The ones against filamentous fungi are reported in Table 2 and Figure 3, with reference to the tests with ultrapure water, and in Table 3 and Figure 4, with reference to the tests with acidified ultrapure water. The best-fitting microbial survival models applied by GInaFiT were derived from the ones elaborated by different authors (see footnotes in each table for the corresponding bibliographical reference). \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c} \hline \hline \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Ozone**} & \multicolumn{5}{c}{**Inactivation Curve**} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{**Inactivation**} \\
**Concentration** **(mg L\({}^{-1}\))** & **Strain** & **Parameter** & **RMSE (-)** & **R\({}^{2}\)** & **1D-Value** & **1D-Value** & **Model** \\ \hline
1.0 & & \(\delta\) & 0.1404 & 0.97 & 5.20 & [41] \\ \hline
3.0 & Ls & K\({}_{\text{max}}\) & 0.2867 & 0.96 & 0.44 & [42] \\ \hline  
Figure 2: Behavior of _Salmonella_**(a)** and _Listeria monocytogenes_**(b) strains treated with ozonized water (Lm = _Listeria monocytogenes_ Pirie ATCC 7644; Ls = _Listeria monocytogenes_ Scott A; Se = _Salmonella enterica_ subsp. _Entertica_ serotype Senftenberg NCTC 9959; St = _Salmonella enterica_ subsp. _Enterica_ serotype Typhimurium ATCC 14028). Vertical error bars indicate the standard deviation for mean values. Within each treatment group, different letters indicate significant differences between means at \(p\) < 0.05 (ANOVA and Tukey HSD post hoc test). \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c} \hline \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**Inoculum**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**Strain**} & \multicolumn{4}{c}{**Inactivation Curve**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**Inactivation Model**} \\ \cline{3-4}  & & & **Rameter** & & **RMSE** & **R\({}^{2}\)** & **1D-Value** \\  & & & **(-)** & **(-)** & **(min)** & **Model** \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{**multi-layer**} & Ab & nd & nd & nd & nd & - \\  & Hb1 & nd & nd & nd & & - \\ \cline{1-1}  & Hb2 & nd & nd & nd & & - \\ \cline{1-1}  & Pn1 & nd & nd & nd & & - \\ \cline{1-1}  & Pn2 & nd & nd & nd & & - \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 2: Inactivation parameters of the fungal strains inoculated as a multi-layer or a single-layer on SS tiles and treated with 8.5 mg L\({}^{-1}\) ozone in neutral ultrapure water (Ab = _Aspergillus brasiliensis_ ATCC 16404; Hb1 = _Hyphopichia butronii_ SSICA 175717; Hb2 = _Hyphopichia butronii_ SSICA 251105; Pn1 = _Penicillium nordicum_ SSICA 1169; Pn2 = _Penicillium nordicum_ SSICA B4798). \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c} \hline \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**Inoculum**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**Strain**} & \multicolumn{5}{c}{**Inactivation Curve**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**Inactivation**} \\ \cline{3-3} \cline{5-6}  & & \multirow{2}{*}{**Parameter**} & **RMSE** & **R2** & **1D-Value** & **Model** \\  & & & **(-)** & **(-)** & **(min)** & **(min)** \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{**single-layer**} & Ab & nd & nd & nd & nd & - \\  & Hb1 & Kmax & 1.1924 & 0.54 & 1.47 & [42] \\  & Hb2 & \(\delta\) & 0.3046 & 0.98 & 0.52 & [43] \\  & Pn1 & Kmax & 0.4085 & 0.95 & 1.77 & [44] \\  & Pn2 & Kmax & 0.3567 & 0.89 & 3.66 & [44] \\ \hline \end{tabular} Note. Nd: not determined since at least 1.0 LCR was not reached within the time considered.  
\end{table} 
Table 2: _Cont._  
Figure 3: Behavior of filamentous fungi inoculated as a multi-layer (**a**) or a single-layer (**b**) and treated with 8.5 mg L\({}^{-1}\) ozone in neutral ultrapure water. Vertical error bars indicate the standard deviation for mean values. Within each treatment group, different letters indicate significant differences between means at \(p\) < 0.05 (ANOVA and Tukey HSD post hoc test). Figure 4: Behavior of filamentous fungi inoculated as a multi-layer (**a**) or a single-layer (**b**) and treated with 8.5 mg L\({}^{-1}\) ozone in acidified ultrapure water. Vertical error bars indicate the standard deviation for mean values.