# Early Risk Prediction in Acute Aortic Syndrome on Clinical Data Using Machine Learning
## 4 Clinical Dataset
### Structure of Dataset
#### 4.1.3 Vital Signs Dataset  
This part of the dataset includes measurements of essential health indicators, such as blood pressure, body temperature, and pulse rate. It provides insights into patients' overall health status and helps monitor physiological parameters relevant to AAS diagnosis and management.  
Table 5 offers a summary of diastolic blood pressure (Diastolic-BP) measurements in both the non-AAS (148,578 individuals) and AAS (129 individuals) groups within the vitals dataset. The unit for diastolic blood pressure is millimeters of mercury (mmHg). Diastolic blood pressure signifies the pressure in the arteries when the heart is at rest between beats.  
In the non-AAS group, the average diastolic blood pressure is 85 mmHg, while in the AAS group, it is slightly lower at 83 mmHg. The table illustrates the distribution  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{l l l l l} \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**Lab Results**} & \multicolumn{2}{l}{**Non-AAS (n = 148,578)**} & \multicolumn{2}{l}{**AAS (n = 129)**} \\ \cline{2-5}  & **Count** & **Percentage** & **Count** & **Percentage** \\ \hline
**Troponin (ng/mL)** & & & & \\ \hline
0–1 & 55,172 & 37.13\% & 54 & 41.86\% \\
1–3 & 2888 & 1.94\% & 1 & 0.78\% \\
3–8 & 5879 & 3.96\% & 7 & 5.43\% \\
8–12 & 1192 & 0.80\% & 4 & 3.10\% \\
12–15 & 419 & 0.28\% & 1 & 0.78\% \\
15–25 & 626 & 0.42\% & 2 & 1.55\% \\
25–50 & 464 & 0.31\% & 1 & 0.78\% \\
50–80 & 124 & 0.08\% & 0 & 0\% \\
80–130 & 47 & 0.03\% & 1 & 0.78\% \\ Missing data & 81,755 & 55\% & 58 & 45\% \\ \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}
Table 4: troponin analysis.  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{l l l l l} \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**Vitals**} & \multicolumn{2}{l}{**Non-AAS (n = 148,578)**} & \multicolumn{2}{l}{**AAS (n = 129)**} \\ \cline{2-5}  & **Count** & **Percentage** & **Count** & **Percentage** \\ \hline
**Diastolic-BP (mmHg)** & & & & \\
0–30 & 64 & 0.04\% & 2 & 1.55\% \\
30–60 & 7237 & 4.87\% & 13 & 10.08\% \\
60–90 & 29,903 & 20.13\% & 14 & 10.85\% \\
90–120 & 13,963 & 9.40\% & 25 & 19.38\% \\
120–150 & 3954 & 2.66\% & 1 & 0.  
of diastolic blood pressure across different ranges for both groups. For instance, in the 60-90 mmHg range, a higher percentage of individuals is observed in the non-AAS group (20.13%) compared to the AAS group (10.85%). Conversely, in the 90-120 mmHg range, the AAS group has a higher percentage (19.38%) than the non-AAS group (9.40%).  
Moreover, the table highlights the presence of missing data, with 62% of individuals in the non-AAS group and 56.6% in the AAS group lacking recorded diastolic blood pressure values. Addressing missing data is crucial for a comprehensive analysis of blood pressure patterns, especially in the context of aortic dissection.  
Table 6 presents a summary of systolic blood pressure (Systolic-BP) measurements in both the non-AAS (148,578 individuals) and AAS (129 individuals) groups within the vitals dataset. The unit for systolic blood pressure is millimeters of mercury (mmHg). Systolic blood pressure denotes the maximum pressure in the arteries during a heartbeat.  
In the non-AAS group, the average systolic blood pressure is 121 mmHg, and in the AAS group, it is slightly lower, at 118 mmHg. The table illustrates the distribution of systolic blood pressure across different ranges for both groups. For instance, in the 90-120 mmHg range, the AAS group has a higher percentage (24.81%) compared to the non-AAS group (14.93%). On the other hand, in the 120-150 mmHg range, the non-AAS group has a higher percentage (15.22%) than the AAS group (7.75%).  
Additionally, the table indicates the presence of missing data, with 63% of individuals in the non-AAS group and 56.6% in the AAS group lacking recorded systolic blood pressure values. Addressing missing data is crucial for a comprehensive analysis of blood pressure patterns, particularly in the context of aortic dissection.