## 3 Results  
The chi-squared test revealed a statistically significant difference in the association between gender and skeletal groups (\(p<0.0001\)). In the study sample, 61.11% of female subjects were skeletal class II, and 51.66% of male subjects were skeletal class I. The cephalometric values for the whole sample and each subgroup are presented in Table 4. Kolmogorov-Smirnov tests and histograms showed that each data set conformed to the homogeneity of variance tests and normal distribution. Hence, a parametric test (one-way ANOVA) was used in this study, and it revealed no significant differences in the mean age between skeletal groups (\(p>0.05\)). One-way ANOVA was also used to compare the three groups and cranial base measurements. The anterior cranial base length revealed no statistically significant differences between the three groups (\(p>0.05\)). There was a statistically significant difference in posterior cranial base length (\(p=0.0023\)) and total cranial base length (\(p=0.0031\)) between the skeletal groups (Table 4). [PERSON]'s post hoc analysis revealed that skeletal class II had a smaller posterior cranial base (Figure 3) and smaller total cranial base length (Figure 4) when compared to skeletal class I and class III groups. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c} \hline
**Skeletal Pattern** & **N** & **Cephalometric Landmarks** & **Mean** & **Standard Deviation** \\ \hline \multirow{8}{*}{Class I} & & S-N (mm) & 66.64 & 3.46 \\  & & S-Ba (mm) & 43.76 & 3.67 \\  & & N-Ba (mm) & 110.40 & 5.65 \\  & & N-S-Ba (\({}^{\circ}\)) & 129.46 & 5.52 \\  & & Bieuryn width (mm) & 138.75 & 7.43 \\  & & JR-JL (mm) & 58.86 & 5.27 \\  & & Go (r)-Go (l) (mm) & 92.52 & 7.70 \\  & & Ag (r)-Ag (l) (mm) & 89.17 & 6.81 \\ \hline \multirow{8}{*}{Class II} & & S-N (mm) & 65.81 & 3.25 \\  & & S-Ba (mm) & 41.88 \({}^{\text{a,b}}\) & 2.64 \\  & & N-Ba (mm) & 107.69 \({}^{\text{a,b}}\) & 4.34 \\  & & N-S-Ba (\({}^{\circ}\)) & 130.30 & 7.18 \\  & & Bieuryn width (mm) & 136.72 & 6.52 \\  & & JR-JL (mm) & 59.08 & 4.07 \\  & & Go (r)-Go (l) (mm) & 90.18 & 6.82 \\  & & Ag (r)-Ag (l) (mm) & 86.54 & 6.44 \\ \hline \multirow{8}{*}{Class III} & & S-N (mm) & 67.63 & 3.75 \\  & & S-Ba (mm) & 43.98 & 2.83 \\ \cline{1-1}  & & N-Ba (mm) & 111.60 & 6.00 \\ \cline{1-1}  & & N-S-Ba (\({}^{\circ}\)) & 127.53 & 7.15 \\ \cline{1-1}  & & Bieuryn width (mm) & 139.59 & 5.12 \\ \cline{1-1}  & & JR-JL (mm) & 60.38 & 5.22 \\ \cline{1-1}  & & Go (r)-Go (l) (mm) & 93.13 & 7.00 \\ \cline{1-1}  & & Ag (r)-Ag (l) (mm) & 89.28 & 4.99 \\ \hline \end{tabular}  
* * Significant differences in the S-Ba (mm) (\(p=0.0023\)) and N-Ba (mm) (\(p=0.0031\)) (one-way ANOVA test) between skeletal patterns: \({}^{\text{a}}\) Class II vs. class I (\(p<0.05\)) ([PERSON]’s Studentized Range test), \({}^{\text{b}}\) class II vs. class III (\(p<0.05\)) ([PERSON]’s Studentized Range test).  
\end{table} 
Table 4: The cephalometric values in different skeletal patterns *. One-way ANOVA showed that there were no statistically significant differences in the deflection angle of the cranial base between the three groups (\(p>0.05\)). Transverse cranial base measurements showed no statistically significant differences between skeletal class I, class II, and class III groups (\(p>0.05\)). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed no significant differences between age and cephalometric measurements (\(p>0.05\)). However, the model revealed an association between gender and linear cephalometric values (\(p\leq 0.001\)). Our references were male subjects with S-N \(>66.43\) mm, S-Ba \(>42.97\) mm, and N-Ba \(>109.40\) mm. We measured  
Figure 4: The distribution of total cranial base among the three skeletal patterns; \({}^{*}p<0.05\), \(\Diamond\); the means of the groups, \({}^{\circ}\); outlier. Figure 3: The distribution of posterior cranial base among the three skeletal patterns; \({}^{*}p<0.05\), \(\Diamond\); the means of the groups, \({}^{\circ}\); outlier.