# Evaluating the Metabolomic Profile and Anti-Pathogenic Properties of _Cannabis_ Species
## 3 Results and Discussion
### Anti-Nematicidal Activities of Cannabis  
The ability of plant-derived extracts and compounds to either paralyze or kill nematodes has spurred more interest in the discovery of plants that can be used as control agents for parasitic nematodes, and thus far, studies relating to this have received substantial attention [139; 140]. This use of plant extracts and compounds is already being greatly exploited commercially in pest management and a rising trend towards organic farming [141]. This is because several pesticides and nematicides are linked to human health and environmental hazards, which have become a worrisome public health concern [142]. This has propelled a need to find alternative methods that are safe and suitable for the environment [143]. Extracts of various plants and pure cannabinoids contained in _Cannabis_ have been found to possess nematicidal properties and have proven to be effective for the control of a wide range of parasitic nematodes [144]. Some previous research demonstrated a significant reduction in several galls, egg masses, nematode fecundity, and build-up caused by _C. sativa_, and the maximum reductions in these variables were recorded with a 20 g dosage [145]. Similarly, some research studies confirmed that the use of dried flowers and leaves of _Cannabis_ is effective in killing or repelling plant pathogenic nematodes [146]. However, the current body of knowledge on the investigation of _Cannabis_ against pathogenic nematodes remains quite limited. In addition, this is probably because few researchers have focused only on phytopathogenic nematodes, most notably root-knot nematodes, and thus far, there are no studies that have investigated the nematicidal properties of _Cannabis_ against nematodes causing diseases in humans. Although many plants are recommended for use against gastrointestinal nematodes, especially in animals, and related problems in many parts of the world, it is surprising that, to date, no studies have investigated the medicinal activity of _Cannabis_ against gastrointestinal nematodes affecting livestock animals. Consequently, questions on the role of psychoactive, medicinal, or other constituents in human nematode enhancement or suppression also must greatly be addressed in experimental studies. Most publications on _Cannabis_ nematicidal properties usually are reports involving leaves and flowers as extracts and provide little or no useful data on the other parts of the _Cannabis_ plant, such as roots, stem, and seeds [147]. Despite the little information on the nematicidal properties of _Cannabis_, the continuous display of in vitro nematicidal activity by other plants, such as _Eucalyptus globulus_, inconsistent suppression of the _Meloidogyne incognita_ population on tomato roots is evidence enough that a lot more work still needs to be completed in relation to nematicide properties of _Cannabis_ given its copious bioactive metabolites [100]. Likewise, the essential oils of _Eucalyptus citridora_ and _Pelargonium asperum_ L proved to be nematicidal against _M. incognita_[148]. Some recent studies revealed that gall formation and multiplication of both _M. incognita_ and _M. hapla_ on tomato roots have been found to have been significantly reduced by all soil treatments with _Artemisia amua_ meal powder and water extract [149]. On the other hand, a study by [PERSON] et al. [150] conducted on the neem plant (_Azadirachta indica_), red-bell pepper (_Capsicum amuumum_), ginger (_Zingiber officinal_), and African locust bean has shown to have completely prevented attack and hatching of _M. incognita_ eggs and destroyed 100% of the juveniles at 1000 ppm concentrations (at 10% and above). [PERSON] et al. [142] reported that aqueous leaf extracts of _Strychnos nuxcomica_ caused 100% mortality of second-stage juveniles of _M. incognita_ at a 2% concentration. Another study reported that extracts from _Nicotiana tabacum_ and _Acorus calamus_ were found more effective in killing _M.