## 4 Conclusions
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c} \hline \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**Treatment**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**Biological Parameters**} & \multicolumn{4}{c}{**Days post Treatment**} \\ \cline{3-5}  & & **1 dpt** & **7 dpt** & **14 dpt** & **21 dpt** \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{Water} & Leaf Area (cm\({}^{2}\)) & 42.9 \(\pm\) 4.4 & 60.7 \(\pm\) 3.2 & 71.2 \(\pm\) 1.7 & 71.6 \(\pm\) 3.1 \\  & Chlorophyll Content (DU) & 26.9 \(\pm\) 1.4 & 22.0 \(\pm\) 0.8 & 23.9 \(\pm\) 1.2 & 23.0 \(\pm\) 0.7 \\  & Flavonols Content (DU) & 0.46 \(\pm\) 0.03 & 0.49 \(\pm\) 0.02 & 0.46 \(\pm\) 0.01 & 0.40 \(\pm\) 0.02 \\  & Nitrogen Balance Index & 59.3 \(\pm\) 2.3 & 46.2 \(\pm\) 2.8 & 52.3 \(\pm\) 1.9 & 60.3 \(\pm\) 4.0 \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{Copper oxychloride} & Leaf Area (cm\({}^{2}\)) & 43.6 \(\pm\) 5.2 & 60.5 \(\pm\) 4.5 & 63.8 \(\pm\) 1.2 & 63.0 \(\pm\) 4.1 \\  & Chlorophyll Content (DU) & 26.8 \(\pm\) 1.0 & 21.6 \(\pm\) 0.8 & 24.3 \(\pm\) 1.6 & 22.7 \(\pm\) 0.7 \\  & Flavonols Content (DU) & 0.47 \(\pm\) 0.02 & 0.48 \(\pm\) 0.02 & 0.45 \(\pm\) 0.02 & 0.41 \(\pm\) 0.03 \\  & Nitrogen Balance Index & 58.7 \(\pm\) 2.5 & 46.2 \(\pm\) 2.4 & 54.5 \(\pm\) 3.2 & 61.4 \(\pm\) 5.1 \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{HP CNC} & Leaf Area (cm\({}^{2}\)) & 54.1 \(\pm\) 4.7 & 69.4 \(\pm\) 5.3 & 74.6 \(\pm\) 4.6 & 67.2 \(\pm\) 5.5 \\  & Chlorophyll Content (DU) & 21.4 \(\pm\) 1.1 & 24.5 \(\pm\) 1.0 & 26.5 \(\pm\) 1.0 & 24.5 \(\pm\) 1.2 \\  & Flavonols Content (DU) & 0.43 \(\pm\) 0.03 & 0.43 \(\pm\) 0.01 & 0.37 \(\pm\) 0.01 & 0.42 \(\pm\) 0.03 \\  & Nitrogen Balance Index & 53.3 \(\pm\) 3.6 & 58.1 \(\pm\) 2.6 & 74.4 \(\pm\) 4.5 & 63.5 \(\pm\) 4.4 \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{HS CNC} & Leaf Area (cm\({}^{2}\)) & 43.1 \(\pm\) 0.1 & 58.1 \(\pm\) 3.9 & 64.8 \(\pm\) 4.1 & 65.5 \(\pm\) 5.7 \\  & Chlorophyll Content (DU) & 23.8\(\pm\) 0.6 & 24.6 \(\pm\) 0.8 & 23.1 \(\pm\) 0.8 & 22.6 \(\pm\) 1.0 \\  & Flavonols Content (DU) & 0.40 \(\pm\) 0.01 & 0.38 \(\pm\) 0.03 & 0.39 \(\pm\) 0.02 & 0.40 \(\pm\) 0.02 \\  & Nitrogen Balance Index & 61.0 \(\pm\) 2.7 & 70.0 \(\pm\) 4.2 & 62.5 \(\pm\) 4.0 & 58.1 \(\pm\) 3.4 \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{HP LNP} & Leaf Area (cm\({}^{2}\)) & 36.8 \(\pm\) 3.6 & 56.8 \(\pm\) 4.0 & 78.6 \(\pm\) 6.0 & 65.0 \(\pm\) 5. \\  & Chlorophyll Content (DU) & 27.1 \(\pm\) 2.0 & 20.0 \(\pm\) 0.9 & 21.3 \(\pm\) 0.9 & 23.2 \(\pm\) 1.1 \\  & Flavonols Content (DU) & 0.58 \(\pm\) 0.05 & 0.53 \(\pm\) 0.03 & 0.47 \(\pm\) 0.01 & 0.46 \(\pm\) 0.01 \\  & Nitrogen Balance Index & 57.5 \(\pm\) 8.6 & 39.9 \(\pm\)3.0 & 46.0 \(\pm\) 2.1 & 50.9 \(\pm\) 2.9 \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{HS LNP} & Leaf Area (cm\({}^{2}\)) & 55.0 \(\pm\) 4.9 & 71.3 \(\pm\) 4.9 & 69.1 \(\pm\) 4.1 & 61.4 \(\pm\) 3.8 \\  & Chlorophyll Content (DU) & 22.8 \(\pm\) 0.7 & 19.5 \(\pm\) 0.9 & 20.9 \(\pm\) 0.7 & 21.8 \(\pm\) 1.0 \\ \cline{1-1}  & Flavonols Content (DU) & 0.57 \(\pm\) 0.05 & 0.50 \(\pm\) 0.02 & 0.46 \(\pm\) 0.02 & 0.42 \(\pm\) 0.02 \\ \cline{1-1}  & Nitrogen Balance Index & 46.8 \(\pm\) 4.0 & 39.9 \(\pm\)2.8 & 46.9 \(\pm\) 2.9 & 54.1 \(\pm\) 3.6 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 3: Hazelnut seedlings’ biological parameters measurements for each treatment at different times. Two leaves per plant were collected to assess mean area using a scanning software. Five measurements for each plant were performed using a leafclip sensor to assess chlorophyll and flavonoids content, whose ratio was used to calculate nitrogen balance index. Values are, respectively, reported as cm\({}^{2}\) and Dulaex Unity (DU). Means and SD are reported after one-way ANOVA was performed. **Supplementary Materials:** The following supporting information can be downloaded at: [[https://www.mdpi.com/article/10.3390/app12052604/s1](https://www.mdpi.com/article/10.3390/app12052604/s1)]([https://www.mdpi.com/article/10.3390/app12052604/s1](https://www.mdpi.com/article/10.3390/app12052604/s1)), File S1: Anova tables. Conceptualization, D.S. and G.M.B. ; methodology, D.S., V.D.L., S.G. and E.C. ; validation, G.M.B., S.G. and E.C. ; formal analysis, D.S., R.R. and R.V. ; investigation, D.S., V.D.L., M.S., C.P., R.R.