# Development of a Digital System for Monitoring Emergency Conditions in 20 kV Distribution Networks
## 1 Introduction  
The intensive development of various productions of goods and services in Kazakhstan is accompanied by the introduction of devices for the mechanization and automation of technological processes, increasing the requirements for the reliability of power supply to consumers, a significant part of whom become consumers of a high category of reliability of power supply. Interruptions in the power supply of such consumers are accompanied by violations of technological processes, defects, and equipment failures. The listed violations are expressed in significant material losses and in a decrease in the volume of manufactured products, which are of paramount importance for the country. The reliability of power supply to consumers largely depends on the timely detection of emergency modes in 20 kV power lines, which should form the basis of electric distribution networks in the near future [1; 2; 3]. Reducing the time required to detect and eliminate faults improves the efficiency of these networks, especially in hard-to-reach areas and settlements. Therefore, the development of methods for detecting emergency conditions in power networks is a relevant and significant task. Identifying the locations of single-phase ground faults is particularly challenging. Currently, such faults are detected through manual inspections and measurements conducted by personnel along the power lines. This method is time-consuming, labor intensive, and costly. The use of complex automation systems, such as SCADA, for network diagnostics would require expensive power sources for sophisticated measurement and communication equipment installed along the power lines. Consequently, there is a need for simpler and more advanced automation technologies based on new solutions that are cost-effective, minimally complex, and feature autonomous battery power with ultralow energy consumption. Such compact equipment, designed for outdoor use, can be installed in cable ducts, on power line poles, or in substation premises. In line with these requirements, this work explores the development of a simplified digital diagnostic system based on a wireless information network. This system is designed to detect emergency conditions, such as single-phase ground faults, in 20 kV networks by monitoring the increase in zero-sequence voltage levels and transmitting the monitoring results in digital form to the dispatcher's server. This method will enable the identification of a limited section of the power line where the ground fault has occurred, thereby reducing detection time, labor intensity, and material costs associated with prolonged fault location searches. For this system, a transmission technology with the highest reliability under intense interference conditions has been selected. The choice of technology is based on the results of practical environment modeling under high-intensity industrial noise conditions. It is important to note that the digitalization of production functions in the energy sector aligns with the digitalization requirements of Kazakhstan's economy and is part of similar programs in the electric power industry. The author's personal contribution to the results of this work lies in the integration of technologies from the different fields of knowledge into a single design, as well as in the justified selection of various methods for digitalizing measurement processes and wirelessly transmitting measured induced voltage values in digital form for use in a unified system. This system ensures:  
* The generation of initial electrical analog measurement signals,
* The necessary conversion of initial signals into digital form,
* The transmission of digital signals via wireless communication channels,
* The reception and automated centralized processing of signals on the server in the dispatch service for further use as intended.