## 5 Application Examples
### Finishing Operation  
Finishing operations differ from roughing operations mainly with regards to the fitness function. In this operation, the stability and surface roughness performance define the tool-insert solution. The stability features must be defined in such a way that the selected grade belongs to the lower ISO area application, which is related to the wear resistance performance. This area application is specified for finishing operations. Furthermore, the surface roughness performance must be lower than the maximum roughness defined by the working specifications of the process. Table 15 introduces the working specifications of this finishing operation. It sets a final diameter of 40 mm and a maximum surface roughness of ISO N8. This surface specification defines a roughness of 3 \(\upmu\)m. The geometrical information for this example is presented in Figure 14. The workpiece material is an unalloyed steel of 180 HB with a specific cutting force of 600 N/mm\({}^{2}\). For this operation, the stability condition is set to \"Good.\" The machine specifications define a medium lathe with a total power of 15 kW and a maximum spindle speed of 6000 rpm. Equation (29) sets the fitness function for this operation. This function evaluates the goal functions related to surface roughness and stability grade. \[fitness=\frac{R_{a,max}}{R_{a}\frac{T_{H}}{d_{oxidate}}\frac{100}{MC_{c}H-MC_{c}L}} \tag{29}\] \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c} \hline \hline
**Features** & **GA Results** & **Closer Insert** \\ \hline ICmm & 15.87 & 12.07 \\ LEmm & 21.2 & 11.7 \\ REmm & 0.609 & 1.19 \\ WEP & false & false \\ Smm & 5.56 & 4.76 \\ AN & 7\({}^{\circ}\) & 7\({}^{\circ}\) \\ Angle & 90\({}^{\circ}\) & 90\({}^{\circ}\) \\ GRADE & 4325 & 4325 \\ \hline \multicolumn{3}{c}{**Cutting Parameters**} \\ \hline Closer insert & CCMT 12 04 12-PR 4325 \\ Number of passes & 6 \\ Depth of cut & 5 mm \\ Feed rate & 0.325 mm/r \\ Cutting velocity & 261 m/min \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 13: Results of the heavy roughing operation example. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c} \hline \hline
**Goal variable** & **Variable** & **Evaluation** \\ \hline Power consumption & \(P\) & 5.13 kW \\ Total power consumption & passes \(\times\)\(P\) & 30.83 kW \\ Machining time & \(T_{m}\) & 1.84 min \\ Euclidean distance & \(d_{oxidation}\) & 4.7830 \\ Spindle speed & \(n\) & 2080 rpm \\ High machining condition & \(MC\_H\) & 40 \\ Low machining condition & \(MC\_L\) & 10 \\ Fitness function & \(Fitness\) & 86.261 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 14: Goal variables evaluation of the heavy roughing operation example. Table 16 shows the results for the GA evolution, which are the obtained features of the GA algorithm next to the closer tool-insert in the dataset. The information related to the suggested tool-insert is also presented. The reached tool was VBMT 11 03 12-PF 4325. Table 17 introduces the evaluation for the goal variables, which define the performance of the suggested tool-insert. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c} \hline \hline
**Features** & **GA Results** & **Closer Insert** \\ \hline ICmm & 5.55 & 6.35 \\ LEmm & 5.65 & 9.87 \\ REmm & 0.99 & 1.19 \\ WEP & False & false \\ Smm & 1.98 & 3.18 \\ AN & 5\({}^{\circ}\) & 5\({}^{\circ}\) \\ Angle & 35\({}^{\circ}\) & 35\({}^{\circ}\) \\ GRADE & 4325 & 4325 \\ \hline \multicolumn{3}{c}{**Cutting Parameters**} \\ \hline Closer insert & VBMT 11 03 12-PF 4325 \\ Depth of cut & 0.3 mm \\ Feed rate & 0.14 mm/r \\ Cutting velocity & 434 m/min \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 16: Results of the finishing operation example. Figure 14: Example of a finishing operation.