## 3 Results
### Common Regions across Farmed Mammals
In total, 313 genes were associated with 315 human diseases classified as behavioral and mental disorders and nervous system diseases (Table S8). The main diseases were anxiety, autism, depression, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, antisocial personality disorder, intellectual disability, and schizophrenia. Those diseases were mainly associated with two genes of the _ADAM_ family (i.e., _ADAM10_ and _ADAMTS2_), _CDC6_, _DEPDC7_, two genes of the _FAM_ family (i.e., _FAM135B_ and _FAM177A1_), _HPX_, _MAOA_, _MAOB_, _MAML3_, _NR3C2_, _POMC_, _PLCB_, and eight genes of the solute carrier family (e.g., _SLC13A5_, _SLC18A2_, _SLC25A4_, _SLC5A2_, and _SLC6A2_). The gene-human disease associations are presented in Table S8. Furthermore, 61 genes are from causal mutation analysis, which provides additional evidence of gene-disease association (Table S9). Dopaminergic synapse metabolic pathway was the only significant term after Bonferroni multiple-test correction, which was characterized by 15 genes, including _DRD3_ (dopamine receptor-D3), _GWAS_ (GWAS complex locus), _MAOB_ (monoamine oxidase B), _MAPK8_ (mitogen-activated protein kinase-8), _PPP2R5D_ (protein phosphatase-2 regulatory subunit B'delta), _PPP2R2A_ (protein phosphatase-2 regulatory subunit B'alpha), _PRKCB_ (protein kinase C-beta), _PLCB1_ (phospholipase-C beta-1), _SCNIA_ (sodium voltage-gated channel alpha subunit-1), and _SLC18A2_ (solute carrier family-18 member-A2; Table S7). However, other behavior-related terms were also rendered from the candidate genes, such as processes involved in sensory perception, central nervous system, and metabolic processes outside of the central nervous system. Pathways, cellular components, and molecular functions that might be modulated by sensory perception, stimuli induction (e.g., sensory receptors), and/or internal recognition of the stimuli were olfaction, sensory transduction, olfactory transduction, detection of chemical stimulus involved in sensory perception, vision, and response to stimulus (Table S7). Thirteen genes from the olfactory receptor family (e.g., _OR2B6_, _OR11H1_, _OR51E2_, _OR56A1_, _OR52L1_, _OR9Q2_, _OR52J3_, _OR52B2_, and _OR11H12_) were identified in the present study in association with temperament traits in cattle populations [53] (Tables S3A and S7). Other biologically relevant functions related to behavior, but that were non-significant, were metalloproteinase, neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction, dilated cardiomyopathy, and hormone signaling pathway (e.g., GnRH, aldosterone, oxytocin, estrogen, glucagon, and dopamine hormones) (Table S7). Important genes such as _NTRK3_ (neurotrophic receptor tyrosine kinase-3) and _DRD3_ (dopamine receptor D3) were presented in those biologically important pathways. The terms related to biological and metabolic processes outside of the central nervous system were salivary secretion, hormone signaling pathway (e.g., insulin and thyroid hormones), growth factor, fatty acid metabolism, regulation of blood pressure, inflammatory pathways, and locomotion (Table S7). Candidate genes well known for playing a role in productive traits, e.g., meat quality, were also identified in this study including _MUSK_ (muscle associated receptor tyrosine kinase, associated with