## 1 Introduction
developed a simulation model for a diesel engine with an ORC system in GT-POWER. The steady simulation results indicated that the power output was increased by 4.13 kW and the fuel consumption was reduced by 3.61 g/kWh [20]. [PERSON] et al. built an ICE-ORC integrated model and a particle swarm optimization method was used to optimize the ORC system [21]. [PERSON] et al. evaluated the transient performance of a Rankine cycle system for waste heat recovery of a heavy-duty truck and compared it to the steady-state results [22]. The operation parameters of an ORC system have a great influence on the performance. Therefore, a proper configuration of these parameters is important for the performance improvement and costreduction. [PERSON] et al. designed a speed estimation algorithm for a turbine-generator that utilized a digital phase-locked loop and a state observer to detect the positive-sequence voltages [23]. Some investigations were committed to the parameter optimization of the key components for an ORC system [24]. [PERSON] et al. carried out an optimization of the turbine inlet pressure to maximize the output work and the efficiency of the system along the saturated vapor line and the isobaric superheating under different pressures [25]. [PERSON] et al. evaluated the influence of the evaporating pressure and the engine operation conditions on the system performance [26]. [PERSON] et al. used a NSGA-II algorithm to optimize the exergy efficiency and the overall capital cost using the turbine inlet pressure, the turbine inlet temperature, the pinch temperature difference, the approach temperature difference, and the condenser temperature difference as the decision variables [27]. [PERSON] et al. studied the influences of six working parameters on the thermo-economic performance of a double-loop ORC system. The results indicated that the thermal efficiency of the double-loop ORC system was in the range of 8.97-10.19% across the whole operating range of the engine [28]. [PERSON] and [PERSON] used the NSGA-II optimization algorithm and three objective functions with regard to the thermodynamic, economic, and environmental impact performances were selected to optimize the ORC system [29]. [PERSON] et al. conducted a performance comparison and a parameter optimization for a subcritical ORC and a transcritical power cycle for low-temperature geothermal power generation based on the levelized cost. Although the thermal efficiency and the exergy efficiency of the transcritical cycle with R125 were less than those of the ORC with R123 by 46.4% and 20%, respectively, the overall recovery rate of the transcritical cycle was 20.7% higher than that of the subcritical cycle [30]. The influences of the evaporation and condensation temperatures and the superheat degree of the high-temperature loop on the performance of a dual-loop ORC system for engine waste heat recovery were studied by [PERSON] et al. [31]. When a vehicle is driving, the operation conditions of the ICE vary in a large range. For the ORC operating together with an ICE, the control strategy and the transient performance of the ORC system are very important. [PERSON] et al. studied the transient response of a 50 kW ORC system when the mass flow rate of the cooling medium varied in the condenser [32]. [PERSON] et al. established a Rankine cycle model and discussed the operating performance under an actual driving cycle. The results indicated that the road efficiency of the Rankine cycle was as low as 3.63%, less than half of the rated power point whose efficiency was 7.77% [33]. [PERSON] et al. built a dynamic response model with regard to the mass flow in the condenser under transient working conditions and four different control strategies were compared [34]. [PERSON] et al. designed a CO\({}_{2}\) transcritical power cycle and the results indicated that the pump speed, the exhaust temperature, and the cooling water temperature had great impacts on the net power output and the thermal efficiency of the system [35]. [PERSON] et al.