## 3 Results
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c} \hline \hline  & **Implands Placed** & **Early Failure** & **Late Failure** & **Implant Survival Rate** \\ \hline Group A & 48 & 0 & 2 & 95.83\% \\ Group B & 46 & 1 & 1 & 95.65\% \\ Group C & 50 & 1 & 0 & 98\% \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 3: Implant failure before or after the osseointegration period (6 months) and implant survival rates according to the surgical procedure at the end of the follow-up period (4 years). Regarding Implant 1, as shown in Figure 1, a 3 (groups) \(\times\) 5 (time) MANOVA revealed a main effect of time (F(1, 57) = 786.11, \(p\) < 0.001), while other effects did not reach the conventional threshold of statistical significance. In other words, the MBL for Implant 1 tended to increase over the five time periods, regardless of the surgical approach (i.e., group) (Figure 1). Regarding Implant 2, as shown in Figure 2, a 3 (groups) \(\times\) 5 (time) MANOVA revealed a main effect of time (F(1, 44) = 680.31, \(p\) < 0.001), while other effects did not reach the conventional threshold of statistical significance. In other words, the MBL for Implant 2 tended to increase over the five time periods, regardless of the surgical approach (i.e., group) (Figure 2). \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c} \hline \hline  & \multicolumn{4}{c}{**Descriptive Statistics**} \\ \hline  & **Group** & **Mean** & **Std. Deviation** & **N** \\ \hline  & A & 0.918 & 0.1131 & 17 \\ I2\_MBL 6 & B & 0.888 & 0.1310 & 16 \\ months (mm) & C & 0.936 & 0.1447 & 14 \\  & Total & 0.913 & 0.1279 & 47 \\ \hline  & A & 1.094 & 0.1249 & 17 \\ I2\_MBL 12 & B & 1.088 & 0.1708 & 16 \\ months (mm) & C & 1.100 & 0.1177 & 14 \\  & Total & 1.094 & 0.1374 & 47 \\ \hline  & A & 1.306 & 0.1345 & 17 \\ I2\_MBL 24 & B & 1.238 & 0.1258 & 16 \\ months (mm) & C & 1.236 & 0.1336 & 14 \\  & Total & 1.262 & 0.1328 & 47 \\ \hline  & A & 1.488 & 0.0781 & 17 \\ I2\_MBL 36 & B & 1.481 & 0.1109 & 16 \\ months (mm) & C & 1.450 & 0.1092 & 14 \\  & Total & 1.474 & 0.0988 & 47 \\ \hline  & A & 1.588 & 0.0857 & 17 \\ I2\_MBL 48 & B & 1.681 & 0.1328 & 16 \\ months (mm) & C & 1.600 & 0.1569 & 14 \\  & Total & 1.623 & 0.1306 & 47 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 6: Average marginal bone loss (millimeters) of distal implants (I2) observed during follow-up. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c} \hline \hline  & \multicolumn{4}{c}{**Descriptive Statistics**} \\ \hline  & **Group** & **Mean** & **Std. Deviation** & **N** \\ \hline  & A & 1.250 & 0.1235 & 20 \\ II\_MBL 24 & B & 1.260 & 0.1729 & 20 \\ months (mm) & C & 1.255 & 0.1572 & 20 \\  & Total & 1.255 & 0.1501 & 60 \\ \hline  & A & 1.470 & 0.0801 & 20 \\ II\_MBL 36 & B & 1.500 & 0.1338 & 20 \\ months (mm) & C & 1.475 & 0.0786 & 20 \\  & Total & 1.482 & 0.1000 & 60 \\ \hline  & A & 1.695 & 0.1986 & 20 \\ II\_MBL 48 & B & 1.720 & 0.2238 & 20 \\ months (mm) & C & 1.585 & 0.0933 & 20 \\  & Total & 1.667 & 0.1875 & 60 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 5: _Cont._3. _Surgical Complications._ All recorded complications were related to the lateral sinus floor elevation technique (Group A) or transcrescal sinus floor elevation (Group B). In Group C, there were no intra-operative complications. Three membrane perforations were reported in Group A. The complication was resolved intra-operatively by further detaching the Schneider membrane from the inferior-medial region to reposition the hole under the bone wall. This avoided leakage of the graft material and possible subsequent infection. In the same group, no other complications were reported. In Group B, the only problem encountered was paroxysmal benign positional vertigo  
Figure 1: MBL for Implant 1, which tended to increase over the five time periods, irrespective of surgical approach. Figure 2: MBL for Implant 2, which tended to increase over the five time periods, irrespective of surgical approach. (PPBV), associated with the percussive action induced by the surgical mallet. After about one month, the complication resolved itself in all four cases where it was found. 4.