## 3 Results and Discussion  
### Antibacterial and Antifungal Activity of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens \(\mathrm{M}\)  
In a series of experiments, the antibacterial and antifungal activity of _Bacillus amyloliquefaciens \(\mathrm{M}\)_ against pathogenic bacteria, yeasts, and phytopathogenic fungi was determined. Batch cultivation processes of _Bacillus amyloliquefaciens \(\mathrm{M}\)_ in three different fermentation media (broth medium containing molasses, broth medium containing malt, and meso-peptone broth with addition of salts) in flasks on a shaking apparatus with a rotation frequency of 23 rad/s, as well as in a laboratory bioreactor, were carried out. The antibacterial and antifungal activity of the biomass (B) and the acellular supernatant (ASN) was determined (Tables 1-3). Therefore, the inhibitory activity of _Bacillus amyloliquefaciens \(\mathrm{M}\)_, cultured on LBG broth medium, on the growth of the phytopathogenic fungi _Sclerotinia sclerootrium \(\mathrm{var}\) scleroota_ ATCC 18687 was investigated (Table 2). The data reflected in Table 2 unequivocally show that _Bacillus amyloliquefaciens \(\mathrm{M}\)_ significantly suppresses the growth of Sclerotinia sclerotium \(\mathrm{var}\) scleroria ATCC 18687, as indicated by the measured inhibition diameters. The biomass and the acellular supernatant of _Bacillus amyloliquefaciens \(\mathrm{M}\)_ exhibited high antifungal activity against the used test microorganisms. The inhibition zones in the cultivation of _Bacillus amyloliquefaciens \(\mathrm{M}\)_ in the three cultural media were comparable and ranged from 12 to 40 mm for the tested fungi and yeasts. The close values of the inhibition zones for fungi and yeasts for the three different media indicated that substances with similar antifungal activity were produced (Table 1). _Bacillus amyloliquefaciens \(\mathrm{M}\)_ does not exhibit antibacterial activity against _Salmonella enterica \(\mathrm{ssp}\). _ enterica \(\mathrm{s}\)_ serovar Enteritidis, while there is weak antibacterial activity expressed against _Salmonella abony_ NTCC 6017, which is confirmed by the small inhibition zones (\(\mathrm{d}_{\mathrm{zone}}\) = 9 mm). _Bacillus amyloliquefaciens \(\mathrm{M}\)_ demonstrated pronounced antibacterial activity against all the pathogens included in the study, with inhibition zones ranging from \(\mathrm{d}_{\mathrm{zone}}\) = 12 to \(\mathrm{d}_{\mathrm{zone}}\) = 33 mm for individual pathogenic strains (Table 3). [PERSON] et al., 2021 have examined the antimicrobial activity of ASN of _B. velezensis_ strains against a number of pathogens. In compliance with the results in the present paper, they have established significant antimicrobial activity of the strains against _Staphylococcus aureus_, _Pseudomonas aeruginosa_ and _Bacillus cereus_[25]. [PERSON] et al., 2019 have summarized the metabolites produced by the _Bacillus subtilis_ group as well as their spectrum of antimicrobial action. In compliance with the results in the present studies, _Bacillus subtilis_ group strains have antimicrobial activity against _Escherichia coli_, _Staphylococcus aureus_, _Pseudomonas aeruginosa_, and _Bacillus cereus_[26]. The observed antifungal activity is probably due to the synthesis and accumulation of antifungal metabolites. [PERSON] et al. [31] reported the biocontrol activity of N, N-dimethyl-dodecyl amine against _Sclerotinia sclerotorum_. The antimicrobial activity of these amine oxides was related to their interaction with biological membranes; the permeability of cellular membranes changed, and membrane-dependent activities were inhibited, resulting in cell death. Furthermore, these amine oxides caused K+ leakage from cells and lysis of osmotically stabilized protoplasts, which inhibited glycolysis [32; 33; 34]. Methyl palmitate (fatty acid methyl esters) detected in both bacterial extracts exhibited antibacterial and antifungal activities, damaging microbial cellular membranes [35]. [PERSON] et al.