# In Vitro Genotoxicity Assessment from the _Glycyrrhiza_ New Variety Extract
## 3 Results
### In Vivo Mouse Bone Marrow Microncleus Test  
There were no unscheduled deaths, clinical signs, or significant changes in body weight detected in the WG extract administration groups.  
The MNPCEs frequencies in the negative control group and the WG extract groups were 3.83 (negative control group), 3.33 (1250 \(\upmu\)g/mL WG extract), 4.17 (2500 \(\upmu\)g/mL WG extract), and 4.00 (5000 \(\upmu\)g/mL WG extract) in the 4000 PCEs per subject. There was no significant increase in MNPCEs frequencies in any of the dosed groups compared against the negative control group. However, MNPCE was significantly increased in the positive control group (62.17).  
PCE:RBC ratios, which is a cytotoxicity index, in the negative control group and the WG extract groups were 0.52 (negative control group), 0.52 (1250 \(\upmu\)g/mL WG extract), 0.52 (2500 \(\upmu\)g/mL WG extract), and 0.53 (5000 \(\upmu\)g/mL WG extract) in the 500 RBCs per subject.  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c c c c c c c} \hline \hline  & & & & & & & & & & & & & \\ \cline{5-12}
**Dose** (\(\upmu\)g/mL) & **Time** & **S9** & **Observed** & **Chromosome** & **Chromatid** & & & & & & & \\ \cline{5-12}
**(\(\upmu\)g/mL)** & **(\(\upmu\)h)** & **Mix** & **Cells** & **Type** & **Type** & **Others** & **Gaps** & **Metaphase****(\(\upmu\)h)** & **PP +** & **RICC(\%)** \\ \cline{5-12}
**0** & **6** + 18 & **+ & 150 & 0.0 & 0.0 & 1.5 & 0.0 & 0.0 & 0.0 & 0.33 & 0.33 & 1 & 100 \\
350 & **6** + 18 & **+ & 150 & 0.0 & 0.0 & 0.0 & 0.5 & 0.0 & 0.0 & 0.33 & 0.33 & 0.33 & 91 \\
700 & **6** + 18 & **+ & 150 & 0.0 & 0.0 & 0.0 & 0.0 & 0.0 & 0.0 & 0 & 0 & 1.67 & 85 \\
1400 T & **6** + 18 & **+ & 150 & 0.0 & 0.0 & 0.0 & 0.0 & 0.0 & 0.0 & 0 & 0 & 1.67 & 85 \\
**Positive Control** & & & & & & & & & & & & & & 17.67 & \\
**B[a]**P 20 & **6** + 18 & **+ & 150 & 0.0 & 1.0 & 8.0 & 33.5 & 0.0 & 1.5 & 17.67 & **+** & 0 & 69 \\ \hline
0 & **6** - 18 & **- & 150 & 0.0 & 0.0 & 0.0 & 0.0 & 0.0 & 0.0 & 0 & 0 & 1 & 100 \\
350 & **6** - 18 & **- & 150 & 0.0 & 0.0 & 0.0 & 0.0 & 0.0 & 0.0 & 0 & 0 & 0.67 & 101 \\
700 & **6** - 18 & **- & 150 & 0.0 & 0.0 & 0.0 & 0.0 & 0.0 & 0.0 & 0 & 0 & 0.33 & 99 \\
1400 T & **6** - 18 & **- & 150 & 0.0 & 0.0 & 0.0 & 0.0 & 0.0 & 0.0 & 0 & 0 & 0.33 & 95 \\
**Positive Control** & & & & & & & & & & & & & & \\
4 NQO & **6** - 18 & **- & 150 & 0.0 & 0.0 & 1.5 & 12.5 & 2.0 & 0.5 & 6.33 & 6.33 ** & 0.33 & 77 \\
0 & **24** - 0 & **- & 150 & 0.0 & 0.0 & 0.0 & 0.0 & 0.0 & 0.0 & 0 & 0 & 0.67 & 100 \\
250 & **24** - 0 & **- & 150 & 0.0 & 0.0 & 0.0 & 0.0 & 0.0 & 0.0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0.33 & 79 \\
500 & **24** - 0 & **- & 150 & 0.0 & 0.0 & 0.0 & 0.0 & 0.0 & 0.0 & 0 & 0 & 0.33 & 50 \\
1000 & **24** - 0 & **- & 150 & 0.0 & 0.0 & 0.0 & 0.0 & 0.0 & 0.5 & 0.33 & 0 & 0.33 & 50 \\
1100 & **24** - 0 & **- & 150 & 0.0 & 0.0 & 0.5 & 0.0 & 0.0 & 0.5 & 0.67 & 0.33 & 1 & 47 \\
**Positive Control** & & & & & & & & & & & & & \\
4 NQO & **24** - 0 & **- & 150 & 0.0 & 0.5 & 3.0 & 10.0 & 2.0 & 0.0 & 6.33 & 6.33 ** & 1 & 64 \\
0.4 & & & & & & & & & & & & & \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}  
* Inclusive/exclusive gaps. 150 metaphases were examined per culture. ** Significantly different from the negative control at \(p\) < 0.01. T
* Turbidity at the end of the treatment. Gaps, Chromosome type + Chromatid type gaps; csb, Chromosome type break; cse, Chromosome type exchange; ctb, Chromatid type break; cte, Chromatid type exchange; Other: Metaphases with more than 10 aberrations (including gaps) or with chromosome fragmentation; PP, Polyploid; ER, Endoreduplication; B[a]P, Benzo[a]pyrene; 4 NQO, 4-Nitroquinoline-1-oxide.  
\end{table}
Table 2: In vitro chromosome aberration test of WG extract.