## 3 Results
### Productions of Cell and Ethanol by BY4741 in Media Containing Wheat Bran
#### 3.4.3 Transcriptomic Analysis of Pentose Phosphate Pathway and Synthetic Pathway of Amino Acids  
According to the analyses of the gene transcription levels in aromatic amino acid synthesis pathway extending from the pentose phosphate pathway (Figure 6a), the levels relating to the metabolism of amino acids at the entrance of the flow of aromatic ring residues such as _ARO3_, _ARO4_, and _ARO1_ in WG+HLMU medium were significantly lower (0.0442 (tendency existed), 0.0164 (_p_ < 0.01), and 0.0710 (_p_ < 0.01) times) than those in YG+HLMU medium; the levels relating to the metabolism of amino acids at the entrance of the flow of histidine synthesis such as _HIS1_, _HIS4_, _HIS6_, and _HIS7_ in WG+HLMU medium were significantly lower (0.0372 (tendency existed), 0.0619 (_p_ < 0.01), 0.147 (_p_ < 0.001), and 0.151 (_p_ < 0.01) times) than those in YG+HLMU medium. On the other hand, the transcription levels of _TKL1_ and _TKL2_ involved in the metabolic flow to glycolysis in WG+HLMU medium were 22.2 and 8.14 times higher than those in YG+HLMU medium, respectively. The gene transcription levels of the amino acid synthesis pathway extending from pyruvate were analyzed (Figure 6b). When using wheat bran instead of YNB, the transcription levels of unique enzymes _SER1_ and _SER2_ in WG+HLMU medium were 0.0926 and 0.570 times lower than those in YG+HLMU medium for serine synthesis from 3-phospho-d-glycerate. On the other hand, although the transcription level of _ILVI_ in WG+HLMU medium was equivalent to that in YG+HLMU medium, the level of _CHA1_ in WG+HLMU medium was significantly 1028 (tendency existed) times higher than that in YG+HLMU medium. For methionine metabolism from serine, the transcription levels of metabolic flow-specific enzymes _SAM2_ in WG+HLMU medium were 0.228 times lower than those in YG+HLMU medium. In contrast to these, in the pathway from serine to threonine, the transcription levels of unique genes _GLY1_ and _MET2_ in WG+HLMU medium were 2.40 and 5.10 times higher than those in YG+HLMU medium. Additionally, in tryptophan synthesis from serine, the unique transcription level of _TRP5_ in WG+HLMU medium was 0.145 times lower than that in YG+HLMU medium. Regarding leucine synthesis from 2-oxoisovalerate, the transcription levels of _LEU4_ and _LEU9_ as unique enzyme genes in WG+HLMU medium were 0.134 and 0.244 -times lower than those in YG+HLMU medium, respectively. The gene transcription levels in the amino acid synthesis pathway extending from the pyruvate and TCA cycles were analyzed (Figure 6c). Between pyruvate and oxaloacetate, the transcription levels of isoenzymes _PYC1_ and _PYC2_ in WG+HLMU medium were 11.6 and 736 times higher than those in YG+HLMU medium; between oxaloacetate and asparate, the levels of isoenzymes _AAT1_ and _AAT2_ in WG+HLMU medium were also 2.66 and 3.68 times higher than those in YG+HLMU medium. On the other hand, between oxaloacetate and homoserine, the transcription level of the unique enzyme _HOM3_ in WG+HLMU medium was 15.0 times higher than that in YG+HLMU medium, whereas that of _HOM2_ in WG+HLMU medium was 0.0241 times lower than that in YG+HLMU medium. Between oxaloacetate and 2-oxoglutate, the related transcription levels in WG+HLMU medium tended to increase towards those in YG+HLMU medium. The metabolite 2-oxoglutate is an important intermediate contact between the glutamate pathway and lysine pathway. Therefore, the transcription levels relating those pathways were analyzed. (1) Between 2-oxoglutate and glutamate, the transcription levels of four isozymes were switched, meaning that _AAT1_, _AAT2_, and _ALT2_ in WG+HLMU medium were 2.66, 3.68 and 2.82 times higher than those in YG+HLMU medium; _ALT1_ was 0.0997 times lower than that in YG+HLMU medium. Additionally, between glutamate and glutamine, the level of _GLT1_ in WG+HLMU medium was 9.55 times higher than that in YG+HLMU medium and the level of _GLNI_ in WG+HLMU medium was 0.479 times lower than that in YG+HLMU medium. Ornithine is an important intermediate metabolite for synthesizing arginine and proline.