# A Novel Cloud Approach for Connected Vehicles
## 2 Related Works
### Information-Centric Networking
Furthermore, thanks to in-network caching and the absence of a session, ICN is designed to handle mobility. Since the Internet has not been natively designed to counter malicious users, it is needed to design some mechanisms to handle them. Often, the security mechanisms are deployed on the server and do not penetrate deeply into the network. So, there continuously are malicious messages in the network. By applying the security part to the data itself, ICN brings an efficient solution to this issue: every node is able to identify a malicious packet and not treat it at the entry of the network instead ofthe end. Then, the authors present a list of unsolved research axes. Among them, we find naming. The naming method is crucial to take care of the security and the overhead. There is also a need to improve the performance of the routing and caching methods. Finally, it is important to determine how to best exploit each kind of physical communication link. This study provides an update on the ICN architecture in order to replace or complete the existing mechanisms currently used on the Internet. However, the other types of networks in which ICN would natively fit (e.g., sensor networks) are not mentioned in this paper. In terms of open issues, the authors talked about the possibility of using ICN on different layers. This idea is also mentioned in [40] and that also enters in our proposal. The authors of [41; 42] discuss the intake of ICN for the Internet of Things. In these studies, the ICN is not seen as an alternative method to the existing one, but as a supplement for the emerging domain of the connected objects. Indeed, connected objects generate data in a context where the object itself has no importance. The ICN would, then, be an architecture for connected objects and these would access the existing structures by using the classical host-oriented network. The ICN allows for improving the delivery delay of data and the network overhead. Among other reasons, we could cite scalability, quality of service, energy efficiency, and heterogeneity [41]. All these items are very important for C-ITSs. In ICN, the routing methods are classified into three categories: proactive routing, reactive routing, and opportunistic routing [42]. Proactive routing consists, for a node, of transmitting regularly its route; thus the network's nodes can keep their routing table updated. Reactive routing consists of discovering the network when it is needed. Opportunistic routing consists of using received data to update the routing table (e.g., a beacon received by a vehicle). Concerning naming, according to [40], hierarchical naming makes consensus, but the method remains to be determined. Finally, they discuss the way to keep the network updated (at the data level): either by flooding the network with interests (NDN), or by the initiative of the producer of the data (RENE). They think that the first method is better fitted for VANETs but it needs additional mechanisms to not overload the network, a problem that we address with our approach. Thus, Ref. [43] proposes a method to minimize the number of sent interests. The solution is based on the election of a common neighbor to forward the interests. The method looks efficient for the proposed performance indicators, yet we think it creates a new problem: the electing process is done on the G5 channel and is going to create a new overhead. The authors of [44] also propose a method, called enhanced vehicular named data networking (EVNDN), based on the election of a neighbor and compares it with rapid named data networking (R-NDN) [45]. R-NDN consists of a client emitting an interest and selecting the farthest node among its neighbors to forward its interest. The authors of [44] raise the problem of signal quality and then propose to select a less far node. However, we think that methods based on neighbor elections are risky because one can not know in which direction of our neighborhood the data are closer.