## 4 Recommendations for the Way Forward
Currently, due to limited capacity in the renewable energy technology manufacturing and servicing sectors and a lack of skilled technicians for the installation and maintenance of technologies, training and research and development programs need to be well-developed [7] in order to overcome the barriers against the development of waste-to-energy technologies. Likewise, economic feasibility regarding the development of the waste-to-energy sector should be based on affordable gate fees and electricity fed-in tariffs if applicable [22]. It has also been observed that the role of the private sector participation in retail and wholesale markets is crucial for the development and productivity of the overall MSW management system [56] Since Singapore and other countries in the region are setting the right benchmarks for the development of waste-to-energy projects, successful projects can serve as templates for other countries in the region [22]. In Southeast Asia, climate and seasonal variations, especially in the rainy season, could affect the quality and quantity of waste to a reasonable extent. In such case, bio-drying and other drying options from locally available energy sources or a combination of drying processes would be a possible way to pretreat waste to maintain the sustained quality of waste input into the waste-to-energy process. In most developing countries, the implementation of most incineration plants fails due to low calorific values of waste, high moisture contents of waste, high operational and maintenance costs, and sorting issues [32; 33; 54]. Therefore, the involvement of local people in proper sorting and pretreatment methods will be most helpful to effectively implement plants. However, a better scenario is a combination of AD and incineration or other disposal methods for an effective waste-to-energy process. Since policy frameworks and regulations related to MSW management systems in most developing countries need to be integrated and improved, the implementation of programs could not be effectively and efficiently carried out [42]. Hence, policies and regulations can play important roles in achieving the targets and sustainability of the projects [12; 42; 57]. Finally, since China has developed a large quantity of energy production from waste [5], three lessons can be learned from China. Those three lessons [5] are: (a) a short-term solution for incineration that can manage the waste crisis, and a long-term solution is to establish effective waste sorting systems suitable for the best waste-to-energy technologies; (b) moving beyond traditional incineration is important for the sustainable operation of plants and the effective use of resources; and (c) even China faces environmental pushback over the impacts of waste-to-energy technologies, so Southeast Asian countries may also face universal pushbacks. With these lessons learned, the countries can work until the sustainable operation and effective utilization of resources are ensured. Therefore, learning lessons from others and gaining technology transfer and market development from developed countries will help Southeast Asian countries take a better step towards waste-to-energy processes in the near future. The implementation of waste-to-energy plants could be good solution to the harmful emissions of landfills. Fluidized bed conversion technologies are also very suitable for the waste with higher contents of water.