# Collaborative Use of a Shared System Interface:
## 6 Discussion
### Implications and Research Perspectives  
Dual-eye-tracking technology has been of practical utility in research. For example, some studies in multiuser settings used eye-trackers to display and share user gaze information (e.g., [PERSON] et al. [7]; [PERSON] et al. [64]). In that context, users self-assess gaze convergence based on their coworker's gaze information. The present study can contribute to investigations of impacts of real-time gaze information display in multiuser settings. For example, research works may involve enriching above gaze information by providing users working together on an interface with real-time numerical information or visual cues (e.g., color gradients) to indicate the extent to which their gazes converge at any point of time as well as for time ranges. This information may enrich collaborative use experience, permitting the examination of gaze information impacts on collaboration. For instance, just as [PERSON] et al. [9] found that partner user's gaze information display improved collaborative remote surgery, it may be examined whether synchronized real-time gaze convergence gradient display may improve collaborative remote surgery, which uses a shared software to remotely control robots operating surgery [9]. Moreover, as suggested in the literature, seeing a coworker's gaze information may promote users' attention shift triggering insight problem solving [53]; in addition, learning can be improved by showing an expert's information to the learner [7]. In this regard, future research may investigate the extent to which gaze convergence information may promote shifts of attention and performance during collaborative use of a shared system interface. The present study opens multiple avenues for further research regarding gaze convergence during collaborative use of a shared interface. For instance, research could investigate possible relationships between gaze convergence and system use-related constructs, namely, emotions, cognitions and behaviors. In this respect, system use-related constructs could be investigated as consequences as well as antecedents of gaze convergence. For example, eye-tracking-based user information may be used to examine relationships between user dyads' gaze behaviors and user emotions during collaborative use of shared system interface. Such information could be exploited to improve recommendation systems' advices (for an example of a recommendation system based on user gaze and emotions, see [PERSON] et al. [65])  
Another avenue for research could be to investigate team adaptation in the context of collaborative use of a shared system interface. Research could examine how IS triggers, namely, system-related, task-related, and collaboration-related triggers, impact the way IT users collectively look at a system interface, ultimately influencing performance. Moderating factors could be examined in terms of system, task, individual, group, and organizational characteristics. For instance, as literature suggests that system-related discrepant events are detrimental to performance [26], it may be investigated how such events influence gaze convergence and performance in multi-user settings. Additionally, the success of the present study warrants further for groups of three and more users simultaneously collaborating on a shared system interface. For instance, influence of gaze convergence on learning for groups of students taking a virtual class and collaborating through the computer-supported collaborative learning system may be investigated. Likewise, it may be useful to examine how gaze convergence of groups of relatives is related to buying decisions. A tentative generalization of our operationalization of gaze convergence could involve considering the average Euclidian distance matrix of the set of users in a group, with every matrix element representingEuclidian distance between two specific users' gaze locations on the system interface overtime.