###### Abstract
The airflow above the crop is crucial for promoting optimal plant growth in plant factories [12]. Former research has demonstrated the significance of well-organized airflow in enhancing crop development. For instance, [PERSON] et al. (1998) found that the photosynthetic rate of tomato seedlings increased by 1.9 times when exposed to a wind speed of 0.6 m/s compared to 0.1 m/s [13]. [PERSON] et al. (1994) conducted a study and observed that soybean plants exposed to an air velocity of 0.8 m/s showed a 14% increase in fresh weight compared to those exposed to an air velocity of 0.4 m/s [14]. This demonstrates the positive impact of higher air velocities on plant growth in a plant factory setting. Furthermore, air temperature and relative humidity are crucial factors that significantly influence plant growth and development [15,16]. The air temperature above the crop has a direct effect on the relative humidity in the surrounding air. Maintaining higher relative humidity levels can effectively reduce the occurrence of leaf tip burn in crop leaves [17]. These findings emphasize the importance of controlling air temperature and relative humidity within the plant factory to create an optimal growth environment for crops. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) has emerged as a reliable numerical method for simulating and predicting fluid flow and heat transfer phenomena [18]. It utilizes the finite volume method to solve the governing equations and has proven to be an effective tool in various fields, including agriculture. In agricultural research, CFD is extensively employed by scientists to investigate indoor ventilation processes [16,19,20,21]. In the study of plant factory ventilation design, researchers focus on achieving uniform indoor airflow distribution and crop canopy climate. [PERSON] et al. (2014) conducted a study and found that the layout of inlet and outlet positions significantly influenced the airflow pattern in plant factories with multi-story cultivation racks, given a specific inlet air supply [22]. Similarly, [PERSON] et al. (2021) utilized CFD to analyze airflow characteristics and temperature distribution in a plant factory. They investigated different inlet and outlet locations while maintaining a uniform air supply volume. By adjusting the air inlet location, they were able to improve the uniformity of airflow and temperature distribution within the plant factory [23]. The utilization of perforated air tubes and optimized ventilation design has been found to improve airflow uniformity and create favorable conditions for crop growth in plant factories. [PERSON] et al. (2016) conducted a study examining the impact of different forms of perforated ventilation tubes on the airflow above the crop canopy, while maintaining a constant airflow rate. Through their investigation, they identified an optimal perforation scheme that achieved the best airflow rate and uniformity, contributing to improved air circulation within the plant factory [24]. Moreover, [PERSON] et al. (2022) compared the uniformity of wind speed, air temperature, and water vapor differential pressure in a plant factory with three different variations in inlet and outlet locations, as well as two types of perforated air tubes for air delivery. Their findings demonstrated that the use of localized air supply from perforated air tubes effectively enhanced the uniformity of the crop canopy climate, leading to more favorable growth conditions [25]. The uniformity of the indoor microclimate can be improved by changing the location of airflow inlets and outlets or by using localized [25; 26] air supply. Changes in air supply can have a significant impact on the distribution of airflow within the plant environment and the air conditions around the crop canopy. [PERSON] et al. (2020) conducted a study and discovered that providing adequate air supply was an effective way to enhance the growth of lettuce in indoor settings and prevent lettuce burn [27].