## 1 Introduction  
Personalized medicine represents an increasingly pivotal paradigm in patient care. In contrast to the conventional approaches [1], personalized medicine integrates different patient needs, leveraging advanced reverse engineering (RE) and additive manufacturing (AM) techniques [2; 3; 4; 5] to pioneer innovative solutions. This methodology finds several applications in rehabilitation medicine wherein each patient needs to receive tailored treatments [1; 6]. Since rehabilitation medicine is a multidisciplinary field, orthopedists should be specialized in the manufacture and adjustment of orthoses, which includes determining patients' needs and assessing the anatomy, musculoskeletal structure, and extent of the injury in order to determine the best type of orthosis, as well as continuously monitoring the patient's condition and adaptation to the device. Orthoses, external medical devices primarily restricting joint movements following trauma, surgery, or distortion [7], support and modify the structural and functional characteristics of the human musculoskeletal system and have an important role during the rehabilitation phase. They can be prefabricated or customized. Prefabricated orthoses are readily available and less expensive than custom products; however, customized products that take individual characteristics into consideration have a better fit to the patient's body, which is the most important factor in user satisfaction. Despite a shift away from prefabricated orthoses in rehabilitation medicine, which sometimes compromised therapy success and patient acceptance, custom orthoses have conventionally relied on plaster molding techniques [8]. This method is time-consuming, laborious, wasteful, and often falls short of accurate personalization [1]. Thanks to AM, it is possible to realize complex structures while saving time and labor costs. AM has flexibility that permits customization for special applications or the consideration of individual characteristics. It provides new opportunities for freedom of design, avoidance of material surplus and waste, and cost efficiency in one-of-a-kind manufacturing. This study concentrates on personalized wrist orthoses designed to yield distinct treatment outcomes by immobilizing the wrist while permitting finger mobility [9; 10]. Wrist orthoses are commonly used for injury rehabilitation and can accelerate the recovery from a wrist fracture or other wrist pathologies. In addition to providing immobilization, a good fit of the orthosis in the affected area is efficacious in allowing the wrist to heal. The immobilization of the wrist using a traditional plaster cast is effective in fracture rehabilitation, but internal pressure can cause some problems, such as dermatitis, nerve paralysis, and compartment syndrome. Due to a plaster cast's inability to be removed or adjusted easily, the weeks-long recovery may cause ankylosis in the immobilized area [11]. The commercially available materials for wrist braces were innovated from traditional plaster to thermoplastic casts or splints, and the materials were reshaped as fiberglass resin tape or splints. However, these materials have similar issues after application: stuffiness, being uncomfortable, not being ventilated, and being difficult to negotiate for dressing. Furthermore, most splints and casts using these materials can only be removed and replaced by professionals. In addition, a considerable number of materials are needed for casting the plaster, which includes a shirt, cotton padding, a roll or sheets of plaster or fiberglass, elastic bandages with clips or adhesive tape, heavy scissors, and a bucket of water. With AM technology, it has been possible to solve these problems by creating orthoses made of biocompatible material and composed of a single component. Furthermore, the patient-specific wrist orthoses fabricated by AM technologies may perfectly fit the individual's wrist, unlike commercial orthoses.