## 2 Methodology and Database
### Database  
The GIS database used for the current land cover framing contains both quantitative and qualitative vector, raster, and numerical (in the case of climate predictions) databases (Table 1). Land assessment involves evaluating the capacity of land for multiple uses in order to anticipate the effects of any changes. Land suitability relates to the feasibility of a given area for a specific land utilization. If the landscape characteristics do not correspond to the specific needs of a certain land use, it might be considered a possible restriction [78]. Land assessment is an evaluative analysis of the suitability of the terrain utilized for agricultural purposes, considering the primary attributes of the land, which are influenced by factors such as topography, water features, climate, and soil conditions. The initial step in the methodology involves acquiring raster-based databases, including the factors relevant to the model used to assess the suitability for various crops and agricultural uses (Stage I) (Figure 2). In Stage II, the raster database is reclassified using values ranging from 0 to 1. Values closer to 0 indicate a low favorability for each range of each factor included in the modeling, while values closer to 1 indicate a high favorability for a range of a factor suitable for that use (Table 2). \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c} \hline
**Dataset** & **Type/Resolutions** & **Source** \\ \hline Romania soils map/type of soil/glazing/stagnogenization/useful edapublic volume & vector & Development for Pedology, Agrochemistry, and Environmental Protection [72] \\ \hline Digital surface model (EU-DEM) & Raster/25 m & Copernicus Land Monitoring Service [73] \\ \hline CORINE Land Cover (CLC 2012) & vector & Copernicus Land Monitoring Service [73] \\ \hline Hansen Global Forest Change & Raster/30 m & Global Forest Change [74] \\ \hline European Settlement Map & Vector & Copernicus Land Monitoring Service [75] \\ \hline European catchments and rivers network system (ECRINS—dams on rivers) & Vector & European Environment Agency [73] \\ \hline Roads and railways & vector & Open Street Map [76] \\ \hline EU-Hydro—River Network & vector & Copernicus Land Monitoring Service [73] \\ \hline Slope & Raster/25 m & Derived from DEM \\ \hline Aspect & Raster/25 m & Derived from DEM \\ \hline Grid of precipitation & Raster/25 m & Modelated \\ \hline Grid of temperature & Raster/25 m & Modelated \\ \hline Landslide probability & Raster/25 m & Modelated \\ \hline Shared Socio-Economic Pathways (SSPs) & Numerical data & The Climate Change Knowledge Portal (CCKP) [77] \\ \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 1: Databases used in the GIS model. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c c c} \hline \hline  & \multicolumn{6}{c}{Favorability to grassland} \\ \hline  & Very Low & Low & Medium & High & & Very High \\ \hline Score/Factors & 0.1 & 0.2 & 0.3 & 0.4 & 0.5 & 0.6 & 0.7 & 0.8 & 0.9 & 1 \\ \hline Slope & \textgreater{}100.0\% & 50.1–100.0\% & \begin{tabular}{c} 25.1–35.0\% \\ 35.1–50.0\% \\ \end{tabular} & 20.1–25.0\% & 15.0–20.0\% & 10.1–15.0\% & \begin{tabular}{c} **<2.0**; 2.1–5.0; \\ 5.1–10.0\% \\ \end{tabular} \\ \hline Gleization & & & complete & excessive & \
\begin{tabular}{c} very \\ powerful \\ \end{tabular} &
\begin{tabular}{c} non-gleizat, \\ weak, moderate, \\ strongly gleizat \\ \end{tabular} \\ \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 2: Favorability scores used in the GIS model.