## 6 Conclusions  
In this paper, the main results of the Remote Geophysical Observatory in the Spanish Antarctic Station Juan Carlos I in Livingston Island over the last ten years have been summarized. The Livingston Island geomagnetic observatory continuously records all components of the Earth's magnetic field since December 1996. As a natural result of the evolving standards in geomagnetic observatory practice, the LIV geomagnetic observatory has undergone continuous upgrade during such \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c} \hline
**Modulation** & **PN Sequence Length** & **BW (Hz)** & **Symbol Time (ms)** & **BER (5\%)** & **Bitrate (bps)** \\ \hline S & 2047 & 16.6 k & 123 & 0.73 & 89 \\ S & 1023 & 8.3 k & 123 & 0.66 & 81 \\ S & 511 & 4 k & 127 & 0.64 & 73 \\ QQ & 2047 & 16.6 k & 123 & 0.56 & 162.8 \\ S & 255 & 2 k & 127 & 0.53 & 65 \\ QQ & 511 & 4 k & 127 & 0.49 & 125.2 \\ QQ & 1023 & 8.3 k & 123 & 0.47 & 146.6 \\ \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 4: Signaling (S) and QuasiQuadriphase (QQ) results comparison for the probability of a BER of 5% maximum, sorted from the best to the worst results. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c} \hline
**Modulation** & **BW (Hz)** & **Bit Time (ms)** & **BER (5\%)** & **Bitrate (bps)** \\ \hline SC-FDE & 400 & 10 & 0.79 & 307.7 \\ SC-FDE & 400 & 30 & 0.63 & 363.6 \\ SC-FDE & 400 & 50 & 0.63 & 377.4 \\ SC-FDE & 400 & 70 & 0.64 & 383.6 \\ SC-FDE & 800 & 10 & 0.52 & 615.4 \\ SC-FDE & 1250 & 10 & 0.44 & 961.5 \\ \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 5: Bandwidth and bit time comparison for Single Carrier Frequency Domain Equalization. The results shown in BER are the probability of the cumulative density function for 5% of BER, sorted for lower bandwidth (BW) to higher BW, and from lower bit time to higher bit time. more than 17 years of history, the most remarkable one including a three-axis fluxgate sensor enabling an accurate 1 Hz sampling rate. Data during these years have been thoroughly processed and published. Since it is deployed at a remote site, which is only manned during restricted periods of time (summer), those records are subject to uncertainties for periods with no absolute measurements, thus assumptions have been made concerning the baselines evolution during those periods. The \"definitive\" data of LIV have been used by our and other worldwide research teams, having significantly contributed to research work in a number of fields such as plate tectonics, global and regional main field modeling, or to understand the mechanisms of the local and regional geomagnetic field variations in general, and _Sq_ characterization, in particular. Instrumental behavior under severe climate conditions has also been a necessary topic of research. As a consequence of the contemporaneous evolution in the observation standards, we are now facing a challenging upgrade that would consist in the setup of an automatic absolute instrument, along with specific hardware to allow an enhanced accuracy and sampling rate outcome to yield filtered 1-s data. The ionospheric instruments installed at the ASJI (AIS) made possible ionospheric research at that subauroral remote region. The climatology and variability of the ionospheric characteristics have been studied from survey to survey. Moreover, it was possible investigating the ionospheric effects caused by space weather events at that remote region. Data recorded there served also to validate prediction models of ionospheric characteristics. Thanks also to the HF radio link established between the ASJI and Spain used as a multi-hop OIS, several correlations between observations with OIS and VIS; the latter recorded at stations located along the radio path, including VIS stations at the emitter and receiver sites. These results show that relevant information (e.g., maximum received frequency, FLA, Doppler shift) of the very long range radio links from ASJI to Spain can be estimated with an appropriate modeling using VIS data along the path, but especially at the receiving site.