## 1 Introduction  
With the popularization and development of the Internet, the Internet of Things, and mobile terminals, people's demand for accessing the network anytime and anywhere is becoming increasingly urgent. Satellite networks, due to their wide coverage, large communication capacity, and reliable and secure characteristics, play an increasingly important role in communication and have attracted extensive attention from academia and industry [1]. Traditional \"all-in-one\" satellites are expensive to build, and their launch technology is complex, making them unsuitable for mass production and launch. Compared to \"all-in-one\" satellites, small satellites have the advantages of low cost, simple launch and use, and high flexibility [2]. However, one small satellite has a weaker performance in power and computing capabilities. To address this issue, the concept of wireless self-organizing networking can be combined with satellite communication to form a satellite self-organizing network by combining multiple small satellites. In this model, when a task arrives, satellites within a certain area can construct a network and complete the task together like a large \"virtual satellite\". In this way, multiple small satellites can integrate resources, improving overall communication and computing capabilities to complete tasks successfully [3]. Currently, satellite self-organizing networks can be categorized into three types based on the spatial distribution of satellites: self-organized single constellation, self-organized satellite formation, and self-organized hybrid mega-constellation [4; 5]. Self-organized single constellations are formed by temporarily integrating satellites within one constellation according to the scale of the mission and the coverage area required,to jointly complete tasks through self-organized networking. In this scenario, satellites are isomorphic, with the same functionality and payload. Self-organized satellite formation integrates satellites within a formation to create a network. There are two types of satellites in a satellite formation based on the function and payload: the leader satellite and the follower satellite. The follower satellites move around the leader satellite and have inter-satellite links with the leader satellite [6]. The leader satellite has stronger computing and communication capability and a more complete protocol stack, hence it often serves as the control node and network node for the formation. Data generated by the follower satellites are all forwarded through the leader satellite. Self-organized hybrid mega-constellations are constructed by satellites with different functions distributed at different orbital altitudes. Similar to a single constellation self-organizing network, this type of network selects multiple satellites to form a self-organizing network to jointly complete tasks based on mission requirements. Due to the dense distribution of satellites in a heterogeneous mega-constellation and their placement at various altitudes, a single satellite may establish more than just four inter-satellite links. For example, [PERSON] et al. proposed the Grid+ type inter-satellite link connection strategy, which allows a satellite to establish more than four inter-satellite links [7]. Despite the advantage small satellites have, the frequent topological changes, high transmission delays, and complex communication environment in networks of small satellites pose challenges to satellite self-organizing networks, making the routing schemes applied in traditional terrestrial networks no longer suitable for satellite self-organizing networks. In detail, The high-speed movement of satellites leads to frequent link switching and topology updates. If the routing strategies of terrestrial networks are applied to satellite self-organizing network directly, it would result in significant signaling overhead when re-building a routing table, occupying limited communication resources and affecting the performance of the network, especially in large-scale networks [5].