## 5 Case Study: Detecting Fault-Prone Software Requirements Specification for Edge/Cloud Application
### Analysis of Fault-Prone Edge/Cloud Application Software Requirements Specification
The SRS components that are deemed to have a moderate fault-prone score are reasonably clear, but there may be some ambiguity or vagueness that requires further clarification. Finally, the SRS that is deemed to have a high fault-prone score is unclear and ambiguous, with a high likelihood of misunderstanding or misinterpretation. One study proposed a method of predicting traffic congestion severity levels based on the analysis of Twitter messages, categorizing them into three levels, i.e., L (low), M (medium), and H (high) [29]. The ratio distribution  
Figure 11: Comparison of ADI and Fault-prone SRS Score for each SRS. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{p{28.5 pt} p{28.5 pt} p{28.5 pt} p{28.5 pt} p{28.5 pt} p{28.5 pt} p{28.5 pt} p{28.5 pt} p{28.5 pt} p{28.5 pt} p{28.5 pt} p{28.5 pt} p{28.5 pt} p{28.5 pt}} \hline \hline
**Title** & \begin{tabular}{c} **Ratio** **Clear to** **Anbiguous** **(**LMP**) \\ \end{tabular} & \begin{tabular}{c} **Software** \\ **Require-** \\ **Reuier-** \\ **Nords** \\ \end{tabular} & **w1** & \
\begin{tabular}{c} **Total** ** **Anbiguous** \\ **Words** \\ \end{tabular} & **ADI** & **w2** & **Title** & **w3** & **Desc** & **wt** & **User** & **w5** &
\begin{tabular}{c} **Fault-Prone** **SRS Score** \\ \end{tabular} \\ \hline Roomzilla: Smart Workplace Management System & 4:24 & 1.538003887 & 0.5 & 572 & 167 & 0.291958042 & 0.2 & 1 & 0.1 & 1 & 0.1 & 1 & 0.1 & 8.872606448 \\ \hline Cloud-based File Sharing System & 3:19 & 1.46150218 & 0.5 & 544 & 207 & 0.3805147059 & 0.2 & 1 & 0.1 & 1 & 0.1 & 1 & 0.1 & 8.893145969 \\ \hline OpenMRS & 0:19 & 0 & 0.5 & 531 & 159 & 0.2994350282 & 0.2 & 1 & 0.1 & 0 & 0.1 & 1 & 0.1 & 9.740112994 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 14: _Cont._  
Figure 12: Fault-prone Severity Scale Distribution. of 5:2:3 for the fault-prone severity scale reflects the relative frequency or proportion of the severity levels within the scale. Regarding the distribution ratio of 5:2:3, most of the software requirements and other key components in the SRS are expected to have a low level of ambiguity, while a smaller proportion falls into the moderate and high severity levels. On a serious note, if a fault-prone SRS score is more than 4.9, it means that half of the key components of the SRS, including the title, description, presence of intended user, and software requirements, are having issues. * **Low level:** For the low severity level, which is defined as scores between 0.1 and 4.9, a ratio of 5 indicates that this level is expected to be the most common and indicates that there is relatively low ambiguity present. This means that most of the requirements and other SRS key components are clear and unambiguous, and no further action is necessary. * **Moderate Level:** The moderate severity level, which is defined as scores between 5.0 and 6.9, has a ratio of 2. This level indicates that there is some ambiguity present in the software requirements and other SRS key components, which may require further investigation or clarification. * **High Level:** A high severity level, which is defined as scores between 7.0 and 10.0, has a ratio of 3. This level indicates that there is a significant amount of ambiguity present, which is capable of leading to significant issues if not addressed. Therefore, more attention is needed to resolve the ambiguity at this level compared to the moderate level. Table 15 and Figure 13 show a list of cloud and edge applications with their respective fault-prone SRS scores and fault-prone severity scales. The fault-prone SRS score ranges from 4.665769201 (low) to 9.740112994 (high). OpenFaaS, with a score of 4.665769201, has the lowest score on the list, while OpenMRS, with a score of 9.740112994, has the highest score. Most of the applications fall within the moderate range, with a score between 5 and 7.99999999. In terms of year, the list shows that the applications range from 1997 to 2017. It is interesting to note that the applications with the highest scores are generally from earlier years, with Athena Health being the oldest on the list.