## 5 Case Study  
In practice, we are surrounded by different mediums through which information and data can be transmitted and received. Such mediums include the use of Bluetooth, Wi-Fi, 5G, IoT, 4G, ADS-B, and satellite. In real life scenarios, a region may contain one or more means of information and data transmission. In this case study, several factors are taken into consideration, the non-uniform paths taken by the drone, the obtainable RF links available, the energy efficiency of the drone, and numerous other performance indices of the drone that enable it to achieve the set task. Figure 4 shows the case study of the path taken by the drone from starting point to end point via several RF mediums. The drone flies from the starting point in a region (point 1) on its path towards the end point with (point 45). The connection of the drone with the appropriate RF-CS is done according to our designed TSA algorithm of Figure 3 as explained below:  
**From point 1 to point 2:** The only available RF-CSs are 4G and satellite. The drone will be in contact with 4G, which represents \"state 6: 4G\". The consumed energy is 258.1 W.  
**From point 2 to point 3:** The drone detected a new signal from Bluetooth. This will cause it to move to state 4: Bluetooth. The consumed energy is 56.7 mW. **From point 3 to point 4:** The drone detected a new signal from 5G. The detection of this signal will not change the connection. Hence, the drone will stay in state 4: Bluetooth. It will maintain the consumed energy of 56.7 mW. **From point 4 to point 5:** The drone loses the connection with Bluetooth. Hence, the available signals are now 4G, 5G, and satellite. This results in the drone transmitting at state 6: 4G. The consumed energy is 258.1 mW. **From point 5 to point 6:** The drone detected a new signal from Bluetooth. This will cause it to move to state 4: Bluetooth. The consumed energy is 56.7 mW. **From point 6 to point 7:** The drone loses the connection with Bluetooth. Hence, the available signals are now 4G, 5G, and satellite. This results in the drone transmitting at state 6: 4G. The consumed energy is 258.1 W.  
Figure 3: The state transition diagram of the ER-ID of drone. **From point 7 to point 8:** The drone detected a new signal from Bluetooth and lost the signal from 5G. This will cause it to move to state 4: Bluetooth. The consumed energy is 56.7 mW. **From point 8 to point 9:** The drone detected a new signal from Wi-Fi. Hence, the available signals are now 4G, satellite, Bluetooth and Wi-Fi. This will cause the drone to stay in state 4: Bluetooth. The consumed energy is 56.7 mW. **From point 9 to point 10:** The drone loses the connection with Bluetooth. Hence, the available signals are now 4G, satellite, Wi-Fi. This results in the drone transmitting at state 5: Wi-Fi. The consumed energy is 58.1 mW. **From point 10 to point 11:** The drone loses the connection with 4G. Hence, the available signals are now Wi-Fi and satellite. This results in the drone staying in state 5: Wi-Fi. The consumed energy is 58.1 mW. **From point 11 to point 12:** The drone detected a new signal from 4G. Hence, the available signals are now Wi-Fi, satellite and 4G. The drone maintains transmitting at state 5: Wi-Fi. The consumed energy is 58.1 mW. **From point 12 to point 13:** The drone loses the connection with Wi-Fi. Hence, the available signals are now 4G and satellite. This results in the drone transmitting at state 6: 4G. The consumed energy is 258.1 mW. **From point 13 to point 14:** The drone detected a new signal from 5G. Hence, the available signals are now 4G, satellite and 5G. The drone continues transmitting at state 6: 4G. The consumed energy is 258.1 mW. **From point 14 to point 15:** The drone detected a new signal from ADS-B and lost the signal from 5G. This results in the drone moving to state 2: ADS-B. The consumed energy is 0.1 mW. **From point 15 to point 16:** The drone detected a new signal from Bluetooth. Hence, the available signals are now 4G, satellite, ABS-B, Wi-Fi and Bluetooth.