# Toward Addressing Location Privacy Issues: New Affiliations with Social and Location Attributes
## 3 Results
### Attributes of Geolocation Information and Digital Identities  
According to [2], geolocation, which is a case of life-logging, can be defined as \"one specific case of 'action-location': the capacity to locate the position of an object in an 'activity space' at a given time\" (p. 9). Identifying user's digital identity can prove to be a multidimensional project; however, tracking a user's location information may present a detailed record of his/her activity. Location information, along with providing the setting for a user's activity (place), is also descriptive of the exact time or the part of the day in which the action was completed [22; 32]. In other words, it seems that there is a connection between location information and a user's identity; thus, we proceed in examining the first research question of this paper (RQ1a: Does the interrelation of users' geospatial and social characteristics trigger additional privacy concerns and threats? ), while at the same time identifying how location attributes, which have already been widely investigated [1; 12; 14; 16; 35; 38], can propose new affiliations and privacy requirements in designing socially aware information systems upon the projection of location attributes on social attributes. Drawing on [PERSON]'s paper, the notion of face, a basic notion of social identity theory, was introduced in our analysis as it could provide the necessary theoretical background for understanding users' different behaviors and needs in different social contexts and around the clock [2], as well as for making an analogy to the attributes of location information. According to [2], \"Face is a social construct which includes both a representation of what the subject is supposed to do and of what others are supposed to do with him/her. Faces are a kind of social user's manual\" (p. 18). In other words, the notion of face describes a user's identity while placing him/her in a specific context, which provides information not only for the possible way of his/her actions but also for the way other users should treat him/her for a successful interaction and cooperation among them [2]. Figure 2 shows how user's faces can function in different stages. For example, faces can be labeled as \"Father\", \"Employee\", \"Patient, \"Dancer\", and \"Tourist\", etc. Social encounters are public performances that take place in specific settings, which are named \"frames\" by social theory. Users  benefit from different faces, which can be utilized or dropped accordingly so as to warrant a successful engagement in social media practices [2]. Public performances are played in specific settings, which are called frames by social theory and can be paralleled to the attribute of where, according to geolocation theory. According to [10], a user's space of action can be summarized by a set of frames, i.e., by combining location information--the attribute 'where'--to time, and thus the attribute 'when'. Spaces of action are referred to as frames by social theory. As a consequence, users tend to cover different needs in alternative social settings respectively. Thus, it seems that places function as stages [4; 39]. Users' social media representation (who) at a given space (when) makes them follow certain social norms (faces) [2; 10]. In other words, frames (attributes of where and when) can function as stages, as they provide additional conclusions, enabling social representations to clearly require for a specific norm, expected  
Figure 2: User’s face in different stages. way of behavior, to be identified, applied, and followed from the user [2; 10]. Users should be compromised to norms, as they give them the opportunity to cover their social needs in an appropriate way in order to communicate successfully through social media in their online activity space. Users reveal part of their social identities in their online social performance. Combining frame (the attribute 'where') and time (the attribute 'when'), according to geolocation theory, we create the notion of stage, according to social theory.