## 1 Introduction
The Atomic protocol and ByZcoinX in OmniLedger [34] enhance cross-shard and intra-shard communication and resource management. Nevertheless, client dependency of OmniLedger cause communication overhead to become the limiting factor [29]. RapidChain [35] utilizes a lightweight reconstruction protocol and reduces the data transmitted in each transaction, which mitigates the bottleneck issue of transaction communication overhead in early sharding protocols. [PERSON] proposed AHL (Attested HyperLedger) [36] to promote the sharding protocol to applications in permissioned environments beyond cryptocurrencies. The optimization of BFT (Byzantine Fault Tolerance) consensus in AHL reduces the maximum number of nodes required for a single shard to improve the throughput of large-scale permissioned chains, but the actual application is limited by insufficient scalability and an unbalanced workload [37]. [PERSON] proposes Sharper [7], which uses a hash-based sharding strategy and a BFT-based algorithm to ensure fast transaction distribution processing and process cross-shard transactions through non-overlapping committees in parallel computing, showing excellent scalability and load balancing. Sharper still faces challenges in the complexity of node election and consensus algorithms and issues related to data access efficiency [38]. FleetChain [39] utilizes FBFT (Fast byzantine fault tolerance) to improve communication and processing efficiency and employs RSTP (Responsive sharded transaction processing) for improved cross-shard consensus via multi-signature aggregation. Sharding protocol has improved the scalability of the alliance chain, but there are still insufficient performance problems in transaction verification and consensus processing. As the number of members increases, the communication bandwidth and time required for broadcasting and message collection consume a significant amount of resources, thereby reducing protocol efficiency. This paper proposes a dynamic sharding protocol for transaction confirmation. During the shard configuration phase, a random function is utilized to elect a Master node to preside over the epoch, ensuring the impartiality of the consensus process. Subsequently,each node is randomly assigned to a specific committee based on its identity information. The protocol employs a dynamic transaction confirmation consensus mechanism, which enhances the efficiency of consensus within the shard, appreciably improving the performance of the alliance chain system. Once consensus within the shard is achieved, the Leader node encapsulates the microblocks to reduce communication overhead. The protocol includes a review mechanism and a reputation model to constrain node behavior. In general, the protocol markedly improves the performance and scalability of the alliance chain. Simulation results show that in the alliance chain with the same number of nodes, the proposed protocol increases the transaction throughput by 20% compared with the current mainstream permissioned chain sharding protocol and exceeds the high-performance Fleetchain by 19%. As the network scale expands, the alliance chain system based on the protocol maintains a constant performance advantage.