## 3 Results
### Chemical Characteristics of Pore Waters, Lake Water and Solid Samples
#### 3.2.2 Chemical Characteristics of Sediments and Vase
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c c c c} \hline \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**Methods**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**Elements**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**Unit**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**DL**} & \multicolumn{6}{c}{**Sediments**} & \multicolumn{6}{c}{**Vases**} \\ \cline{5-10}  & & & & **81,838** & **81,844** & **81,848** & **81,854** & **81,872** & **81,874** & **81,850** \\ \hline \multirow{10}{*}{ICP-AES} & Al & mg/kg & 60.0 & 76,080 & 76,430 & 76,540 & 76,320 & 80,800 & 46,630 & 38,880 \\  & As & mg/kg & 5.00 & 106 & 114 & 118 & 151 & 106 & 326 & 334 \\  & Ba & mg/kg & 5.00 & 540 & 551 & 558 & 566 & 639 & 384 & 270 \\  & Ca & mg/kg & 60.0 & 17,100 & 17,430 & 14,730 & 28,060 & 21,450 & 12,120 & 9122 \\  & Cd & mg/kg & 5.00 & \(<\)5 & \(<\)5 & \(<\)5 & \(<\)5 & \(<\)5 & 77.4 & 107 \\  & Co & mg/kg & 5.00 & 11.7 & 8.02 & 8.79 & 5.18 & 7.32 & 73.3 & 71.3 \\  & Cr & mg/kg & 5.00 & 159 & 126 & 120 & 124 & 129 & 92.2 & 66.8 \\  & Cu & mg/kg & 10.00 & 764 & 111 & 260 & 192 & 214 & 12,130 & 9764 \\  & Fe & mg/kg & 10.00 & 42,300 & 40,190 & 40,100 & 40,440 & 416,600 & 146,200 & 222,300 \\  & K & mg/kg & n/d & 18,460 & 18,830 & 19,320 & 19,650 & 22,280 & 10,140 & 8124 \\  & Mg & mg/kg & 15.0 & 15,960 & 16,060 & 15,310 & 16,830 & 19,840 & 8972 & 7414 \\  & Mn & mg/kg & 5.00 & 739 & 737 & 599 & 758 & 867 & 795 & 609 \\  & Mo & mg/kg & 5.00 & 6.40 & 5.59 & 5.21 & 6.36 & 6.02 & 13.6 & 12.6 \\  & Na & mg/kg & n/d & 18,100 & 18,230 & 17,610 & 18,870 & 22,640 & 11,420 & 8821 \\  & Ni & mg/kg & 5.00 & 73.0 & 55.4 & 54.0 & 55.9 & 57.9 & 105 & 98.0 \\  & Pb & mg/kg & 5.00 & 51.9 & 14.3 & 15.5 & 15.1 & 21.0 & 1392 & 1445 \\  & S & mg/kg & 200 & 2379 & 794 & 2046 & 2229 & 1351 & 53,340 & 48,430 \\  & Si & mg/kg & n/d & 245,100 & 240,900 & 245,300 & 234,900 & 242,500 & 155,300 & 119,500 \\  & Ti & mg/kg & 25.0 & 3358 & 3488 & 3035 & 3256 & 3085 & 1791 & 1404 \\  & Zn & mg/kg & 55.0 & 301 & 114 & 171 & 119 & 169 & 9096 & 11,400 \\ \hline \multirow{10}{*}{XRF} & C\({}_{\text{total}}\) & Wt.\% & 0.05 & 1.95 & 1.94 & 2.43 & 2.42 & 0.53 & 8.08 & 6.77 \\  & Corg & Wt.\% & cal & NA & NA & NA & NA & 0.29 & NA & 6.61 \\ \cline{1-1}  & C\({}_{\text{orig}}\) & Wt.\% & 0.05 & NA & NA & NA & NA & 0.233 & NA & 0.160 \\ \cline{1-1}  & Sulfide & Wt.\% & & NA & NA & NA & NA & 0.04 & NA & 3.73 \\ \cline{1-1}  & S\({}_{\text{total}}\) & Wt.\% & & NA & NA & NA & NA & 0.04 & NA & 1.16 \\ \cline{1-1}  & C\({}_{\text{total}}\) & Wt.\% & 0.009 & 0.163 & 0.054 & 0.181 & 0.214 & 0.098 & 4.913 & 4.380 \\ \hline \multirow{10}{*}{XRF} & LOI & \% & \(-\)10 & 8.19 & 8.07 & 9.96 & 9.27 & 5.24 & 24.1 & 24 \\ \cline{1-1}  & SiO\({}_{2}\) & \% & 0.01 & 58.2 & 58 & 57.3 & 55.2 & 57.7 & 34.4 & 26.5 \\ \cline{1-1}  & Al\({}_{2}\)O\({}_{3}\) & \% & 0.01 & 14.8 & 15.1 & 15 & 14.8 & 15.9 & 9.06 & 7.66 \\ \cline{1-1}  & Fe\({}_{2}\)O\({}_{3}\) & \% & 0.01 & 6.56 & 6.39 & 6.27 & 6.39 & 6.53 & 20.6 & 31.7 \\ \cline{1-1}  & MgO & \% & 0.01 & 2.84 & 2.87 & 2.67 & 2.95 & 3.5 & 1.52 & 1.3 \\ \cline{1-1}  & CaO & \% & 0.01 & 2.56 & 2.65 & 2.19 & 4.17 & 3.22 & 1.77 & 1.34 \\ \cline{1-1}  & K\({}_{2}\)O & \% & 0.01 & 2.43 & 2.54 & 2.52 & 2.55 & 2.92 & 1.29 & 1.04 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 3: Inductively coupled plasma atomic emission (ICP-AES), total S and C, and X-ray fluorescence (XRF) results of sediments and vase samples (DL = detection limit, n/d = not defined and NA = not analyzed). The heavy metal contents analyzed within the vase samples almost exceed the frequent effect concentration criteria (CFE) (Table 4), i.e., the concentration at which harmful effects are apprehended for the majority of benthic species. For the sediments, the As, Cr and Ni contents exceeded the CFE and the Cu contents exceeded the concentration producing a probable effect (CPE) criterion. The vase can be considered as a highly heavy metals-contaminated material, and the heavy metals contents have not decreased since the first analyses in 1976.