# How Long Does It Take to Stop? Are Children Able to Stop on Demand?
## 4 Results Analysis  
The walking speeds of the different age groups within the conducted tests were significantly different from each other, as determined by a single-factorial ANOVA (\(p\) = 0.005), see Table 2 (a summary of the results for boys and girls can be found in the Appendices A and B). The walking speed of seven-year-olds was significantly different from that of nine to ten-year-olds (\(p\) = 0.002) ([PERSON] post-hoc test), while no significant differences were observed among the other age groups (Table 3). A notable difference was found only between the seven-year-olds and the eight-year-olds (\(p\) = 0.065). The findings further indicate a significant difference between the age groups for the \"running\" test configuration (single-factorial ANOVA, \(p\) = 0.003). Specifically, a statistically significant difference in speed was observed between six-year-olds and nine-year-olds \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c c c c} \hline \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**Test**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Age**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**Number**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**Mean**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**SD**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**Min**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**Q1**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**Median**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**Q3**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**Max**} \\  & & & & & & & & & & \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{Walking} & 6 years & 32 & 3.69 & 0.94 & 2.11 & 3.04 & 3.44 & 4.43 & 5.69 \\  & 7 years & 17 & 3.16 & 0.86 & 1.82 & 2.60 & 3.01 & 3.60 & 5.60 \\  & 8 years & 23 & 3.78 & 0.58 & 2.55 & 3.44 & 3.73 & 4.15 & 5.35 \\  & 9–10 years & 21 & 4.09 & 0.91 & 2.14 & 3.45 & 4.03 & 4.52 & 6.21 \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{Running} & 6 years & 32 & 9.59 & 1.65 & 5.12 & 8.23 & 9.47 & 10.76 & 12.85 \\  & 7 years & 17 & 10.39 & 2.17 & 6.46 & 8.47 & 11.21 & 11.98 & 13.84 \\  & 8 years & 23 & 10.03 & 1.68 & 6.82 & 8.74 & 9.80 & 11.50 & 13.84 \\  & 9–10 years & 21 & 11.41 & 1.75 & 8.14 & 10.06 & 11.57 & 12.52 & 15.65 \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{Sprinting} & 6 years & 32 & 11.86 & 1.44 & 7.62 & 11.29 & 11.90 & 12.74 & 13.98 \\  & 7 years & 17 & 12.87 & 1.11 & 10.06 & 12.30 & 12.97 & 13.33 & 14.54 \\ \cline{1-1}  & 8 years & 23 & 13.25 & 1.02 & 11.42 & 12.52 & 13.33 & 13.91 & 15.65 \\ \cline{1-1}  & 9–10 years & 21 & 13.64 & 0.66 & 12.52 & 13.09 & 13.58 & 13.98 & 14.84 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 2: Steady-state speed in km/h of the different test configurations according to age groups between the second and third light beam (standard deviation: SD; first quartile: Q1; third quartile: Q3). Figure 3: Theoretical velocity-distance characteristic. in the \"running\" test (\(p\) = 0.001), as well as between eight-year-olds and nine-year-olds (\(p\) = 0.041) (Tukey post-hoc test). For the \"sprinting\" test configuration, a single-factorial ANOVA yielded a significant difference between age groups (\(p\) = 0.000). The Tukey post-hoc test revealed significant differences between the age groups of six-year-olds and seven-year-olds (\(p\) = 0.021), six-year-olds and eight-year-olds (\(p\) = 0.000), and six-year-olds and nine-year-olds (\(p\) = 0.000). Notably, there was no statistically significant difference found between boys and girls in terms of speed in the \"walking\" and \"running\" test configurations within each age group. A significant gender difference (\(p\) = 0.007) was found between eight-year-old boys and girls in the \"sprinting\" test configuration. In the \"walking\" test configuration, an average stopping distance of 0.63 m was recorded for six-year-olds (Table 4). Stopping distance has been observed to decrease with increasing age, with an average value of 0.47 m reported for 9-10-year-olds. The Welch-ANOVA test revealed a statistically significant difference between age groups (\(p\) = 0.030). Subsequent analysis using the Games-Howell post hoc test (Table 5) showed that only the six-year-olds and the 9-10-year-olds exhibited a significant difference (\(p\) = 0.017).