# Novel Image State Ensemble Decomposition Method for M87 Imaging
## 4 Results and Discussion
Appendix B indicates that the other IQAs are on par with or superior to the original in regards to the no-reference quality metrics. In Figure 5b, the structure of the jets that were expelled from the black hole in the center of M87 improved. The galactic core with its supermassive black hole is also markedly pronounced, because the biased blue glares in the background of Figure 5c were partially removed by the ISED filter. The remaining structure of the region of interest was maintained, with improved contrast enhancement over the low deterioration SSIM. The bright knots of HST-1 and a second knot are much more apparent. Additionally, the flare ejected from the supermassive black hole is more prominent. Similarly, the jets are visible in greater detail, and the core is also more pronounced and its boundary is well defined when compared to the original image. Furthermore, the ISED-generated image is also less blurred than

Figure 4: Individual histograms of red (R), green (G), and blue (B) components of the (**a**) original image, (**b**) ISED image of state 6, and (**c**) the ISED filter image of state 6.

that of the original. In Figure 5d, SSIM is higher than in the image in Figure 5c. This is useful in certain instances to be discussed in more detail in a follow-up paper. Most of the ISED generated images in this study provide the clearest view and most of the detail of M87s core, knots, and its jets currently in publication. Note that the results seen in Figure 5 do not reflect necessarily the best perceptual quality results, but rather only a sample. Additionally, the majority of the generated images have better no reference IQAs than those of the original image. So, this method is useful for analysis, and the images look beautiful. The full set of released generated images can be seen online at [7]. Table 2 presents the switch states for the ISED images in Figure 5.

Figure 5: Cropped images of (**a**) original image, credited to NASA/IPL-Caltech/IPAC, (**b**) 22 nd ISED-generated image, (**c**) 23 rd ISED-generated image, and (**d**) the 24 th ISED-generated image. The experimental results are presented in Figure 6b-d. The red-portioned point clouds are shifted down and observed as a reduction of jet saturation in the ISED-generated images. The intensities of the images in Figure 5b,c have remarkably diminished, but the informative structural features of the core, jets, and knots are maintained. In Figure 7b, the recognizable values exhibit a left-shifting of the red component to approach \"zero\" value (i.e., black), reducing the \"reddishness\" (R) of the image. Both the green and blue pixel counts are shifted as well, reducing the oversaturation of the bright jets in the original image and making them appear clearer. Furthermore, the structural detail is visually enhanced by the contrast improvement. The histogram in Figure 7c indicates that the blue and green values are less shifted than in Figure 7b, allowing for greater contrast and structural detail. The histogram in Figure 7d reveals \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Ensemble State** & **Balanced** & \multicolumn{5}{c}{\(\phi_{\mathbf{n}}\)} \\ \hline Image & Switch & \(\psi_{1}\) & \(\psi_{2}\) & \(\psi_{3}\) & \(\psi_{4}\) & \(\psi_{5}\) & \(\psi_{6}\) \\ Original image & (RGB)\({}_{\mathrm{n}}\) & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 \\ The 22\({}^{\mathrm{nd}}\) ISED & (RGB)\({}_{\mathrm{n}}\) & 0 & 1 & 0 & 1 & 1 & 0 \\ The 23\({}^{\mathrm{rd}}\) ISED & (RGB)\({}_{\mathrm{n}}\) & 0 & 1 & 0 & 1 & 1 & 1 \\ The 24\({}^{\mathrm{th}}\) ISED & (RGB)\({}_{\mathrm{n}}\) & 0 & 1 & 1 & 0 & 0 & 0 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 2: Balanced state ensembles of ISED generated images in Figure 5a–c. Figure 6: Color clouds of pixel color distribution over the RGB color cube of the (**a**) original image of M87 in Figure 5a, (**b**) 22\({}^{\mathrm{nd}}\) ISED-generated image in Figure 5b, (**c**) 23\({}^{\mathrm{rd}}\) ISED-generated image in Figure 5c, and (**d**) 24\({}^{\mathrm{th}}\) ISED-generated image in Figure 5d.