## 3 Results
### Practical Demonstration
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{l l l l} \hline \hline
**Factory** & **Scenario Summary** & **Changes in Horse Project** & **Benefit of BPMS** \\ \hline Thomas Regout & Assembly of production tools with many & Process split between transport and & Assignment and orchestration of human and \\ International (TRI) & thousands of variances. & assembly tasks. & mobile robot. \\ Robert Bosch Fabrica & Inspection and packaging of variable & Introduce robot to pick part, hold for & Orchestrate the actions of the robot and \\ de Castellet & automotive parts. & inspection and place in variable packaging. & camera, to enable collaborative quality \\ Odlewnie Polskie SA, & Cutting of small batches of heavy, & Introduce a large industrial robot and & Orchestrate transport, handling and \\ Starachowiche, Poland (OPSA) & variable parts. & teaching-by-demonstration technology. & cutting tasks. \\  & & Frenches collaboration between human and & Seamless transition between teaching and \\ FLUPOL & Coating of small batch variable parts. & robot. Teaching-by-demonstration for & production process modes. Assignment of \\  & & new parts. & collaborative tasks. \\  & Current automation can only grind 75\% & Introduce collaborative robots for & Orchestrate of multiple robots, humans and \\ Enikon Aerospace & of the surface area, resulting in poor & Automated quality inspection with a & quality inspection agents. \\  & process throughput. & linear scanner. & linear scanner. \\  & Manual magnet insertion and quality & Add a collaborative robot to perform some & Agent selection based on stress level. \\ Ghepi Scl & control dictated by a 45 s cycle time of a & tasks, based on the operator stress level & The robot is slower than the human, \\  & & moulding press. & monitored by a heart rate sensor. \\  & & Production of custom-design, lot-size & \\ Tetra Industriervice Group & one metal components made of bent & Introduce a flexible cell based on an industrial & Data gained from RFID tags on the product \\  & & steel pipes. & robot and standard machines. \\  & & & and adjustment. \\ Tintas Robbialac SA & Manual extraction and transport of & Robot introduced to carry the materials, & enables detailed process tracking \\  & & material from barrels. & measure the required quantity, and transport \\  & & the material through the warehouse. & \\ Ophardt Belgian & Repetitive manual pick and inspection & Introduction of two robots, a machine vision & Orchestrate of transport and picking tasks. \\  & activities performed by two operators. & camera and a conveyor belt. & Process orchestration, including compensation \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 3: A summary of the ten practical cases and the benefit gained from the introduction of BPM as part of the HORSE System. TRI is positively open and transparent regarding its current operations and future directions. This allowed the HORSE Project partners, and this research by extension, to perform expansive interventions across the manufacturing system. Ultimately, the TRI case study is a good indication of the transformation required towards a smart factory. The company published a video about the transformation that it is undergoing, with the HORSE Project as the core of that transformation ([[https://youtu.be/JBodoko84](https://youtu.be/JBodoko84) jc]([https://youtu.be/JBodoko84](https://youtu.be/JBodoko84) jc)). The HORSE Project team performed several studies and interventions at TRI, but only one such intervention (the tool assembly process) is discussed in this article. TRI continually seeks to improve their competitive advantage by focusing on the following ideals, while maintaining exceptional product quality:  
1. High configurability to produce customer specific products;
2. High manufacturing flexibility to produce small batches, according to customer expectations;
3. Quick response to ensure short delivery times. The extensive customisation offered by TRI is problematic, with regards to the pursuit of smart manufacturing.