# Quantum Perspective on Digital Money: Towards a Quantum-Powered Financial System
## 6 Impact of Quantum Money on the Banking System
### Hybrid Quantum-Classical Systems as Interim Solutions  
While fully quantum money systems remain technologically demanding, hybrid quantum-classical systems can serve as a practical bridge between classical financial infrastructures and emerging quantum technologies. In such systems, quantum protocols would be integrated into conventional banking operations to enhance security and provide a gradual path toward full quantum financial systems.  
In the early stages of adoption, quantum teleportation can be employed not to transfer quantum money itself, but rather to transmit quantum information--such as a validation token or verification state--between parties. This quantum state, encoded in a qubit and securely teleported, could be used to authorize or validate classical financial transactions without being susceptible to eavesdropping or duplication. In this configuration, the quantum component supports authentication and verification, while the actual transfer of monetary value remains within the classical domain.  
Moreover, QKD protocols could play a crucial role in hybrid systems by enabling the generation of truly secure encryption keys for protecting sensitive financial communications [50]. With QKD protocols, banks and financial institutions could establish  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{p{113.8 pt} p{113.8 pt} p{113.8 pt}} \hline \hline
**Feature** & **CBDC** & **Quantum Money** \\ \hline Technological foundation & Classical digital information systems & Quantum states governed by quantum mechanics \\ \hline Copyability & Can be duplicated under institutional control & Fundamentally uncopyable due to no-cloning theorem \\ \hline Money creation mechanism & Issued by central bank, but often coexists with symbolic money created by banks & Each unit must be physically created and distributed by authorized entities using quantum systems \\ \hline Security & Vulnerable to classical cyberattacks; depends on encryption & Intrinsically secure; tampering collapses the state and renders it invalid \\ \hline Integration with quantum infrastructure & Not inherently designed for quantum networks & Native use case for satellite and fiber-based QINs (e.g., teleportation, entanglement-based transfers) \\ \hline Impact on commercial banks & May allow commercial banks to continue creating digital money through loans & Constrains money creation to physical issuance; limits banks’ ability to create money via accounting \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}
Table 1: Comparison between CBDCs and Quantum Money.  
shared cryptographic keys over quantum channels, thereby eliminating vulnerabilities associated with classical key exchange methods. These quantum-generated keys would then be applied in standard encryption protocols (e.g., AES) used in the existing digital banking framework.  
Hybrid wallet architectures would therefore allow institutions to incrementally incorporate quantum technologies without overhauling their entire infrastructure. By enabling secure quantum-based verification and communication, these systems would enhance the robustness of financial operations while paving the way for future integration of fully quantum monetary units. Such an approach aligns with realistic technological progress and helps to build trust and expertise before a complete transition to quantum-native finance becomes feasible.