# Effect of Soil Box Boundary Conditions on Dynamic Behavior of Model Soil in 1 g Shaking Table Test
## 2 1 g Shaking Table Test  
### Soil Used for Creating Ground and Test Equipment  
The soil for the scale model test in this study was collected from a construction site in Korea and the cut slope in the construction site, located at Ulju-gun, Ulsan Metropolitan City, the sample representing weathered soil. The physical properties of the soil were analyzed through the specific gravity test, grain-size test, standard Proctor test and relative density test.  
The specific gravity was found to be 2.69 and the result of the standard Proctor test is shown in Figure 1. As shown in Figure 1, the maximum dry unit weight was 18.27 kN/m\({}^{3}\), and the optimum moisture content was 12.5%.  
The relative density test showed that the minimum dry unit weight was 12.43 kN/m\({}^{3}\), and the Atterberg limit test showed Non Plastic (NP) for Plastic Index (PI). Figure 2 exhibits the grain-size distribution curve.  
The fines content of the soil was 10.8% and the soil was classified as SW-SM according to the Unified Soil Classification System. For the dynamic model test, the specimen was selected for the sample passing through the No. 4 sieve after the physical property tests, and the sample remaining in the No. 4 sieve was about 1%, not much. Table 1 illustrates the result of physical property tests.  
Figure 1: Compaction curve of soil to be tested.  
Figure 2: Grain–size distribution curve of soil to be tested.  
The 1 g shaking table used in this study moves horizontally in one direction, and the maximum displacement is 200 mm (\(\pm\)100 mm). Figure 3 shows the RB and the flexible soil box used in this study. The RB is similar to the ones that are typically used. The front, sides and back of the boxes are made of clear polyethylene of 10 T in thickness, and the profile for arranging and fixing accelerometers and displacement sensors is fixed on top the soil box. Four drainages, 5 mm in diameter, are provided at the bottom. The walls are integrated as in conventional soil boxes with rigid walls, and sized to be 2000 (L) \(\times\) 600 (B) \(\times\) 1000 (H) mm. Since the RB model or walls generally used constrains on the lateral shear motion of ground, it is very difficult to simulate the infinite free field ground completely. The size of LSB was 2000 (L) \(\times\) 600 (B) \(\times\) 600 (H) mm and it was made to have the same bottom section as the RB, but some layers in height. Each layer is 45 mm in thickness, the layer spacing is 5 mm to have 12 layers, each of which allows divided lateral behaviors, and the walls are made of aluminum. The natural period of the empty LSB is 0.04-0.05 s.  
Figure 4 shows the accelerometer and the data logger used for detecting and measuring data in this test. The same type of the accelerometer that [PERSON] [9] used was used in our study. The response acceleration measured in this test was expected not to be faster than 20 m/s\({}^{2}\) in terms of range, and the assumption was based on the frequency component of response data not being greater than 40 Hz, and the room temperature. Therefore, the selected accelerometer was ARF-20A, which can measure up to 20 m/s\({}^{2}\). The data logger had 12 channels and was compatible with ARF-20A as a 4 Gage Sensor, and the data collection interval was maximum 0.001.  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c c c} \hline \hline  & & \multicolumn{6}{c}{**Physical Properties**} \\ \hline
**Gs** & **No.200 Passing (\%)** & **OMC (\%)** & **PI (\%)** & **USCS** & **e\({}_{\text{max}}\)** & **e\({}_{\text{min}}\)** & **r\({}_{\text{d\, max}}\) (kN/m\({}^{3}\))** & **r\({}_{\text{d\, min}}\) (kN/m\({}^{3}\))** \\ \hline
2.69 & 10.8 & 12.5 & NP & SW-SM & 1.123 & 0.443 & 18.27 & 12.43 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}
Table 1: Physical properties of soil to be tested.  
Figure 3: Soil box: (**a**) RB; (**b**) LSB.