## 1 Introduction  
The exploitation of coal resources has progressively transitioned to deeper mining levels in numerous coal fields. As mining depths increase, both the intensity and frequency of dynamic disasters have shown a significant upward trend. Rock bursts and gas outbursts, recognized as critical threats to mining safety, have recently manifested as coupled dynamic disasters in certain deep mining operations. Igneous rock formations, identified as a predominant type of mining overburden, exert substantial control over these dynamic disasters. This phenomenon has attracted growing scholarly attention, with an increasing number of researchers focusing on this critical subject. Dynamic hazards associated with igneous-intruded coal mines have been extensively documented in recent studies, highlighting their significant impact on mining safety [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11]. Igneous intrusions increased the spontaneous combustion risk of Daxing bituminous coal [1]. Coal bed methane occurrence was studied by collecting and classifying its parameters in different regions of igneous intrusion during coal mining [2]. Numerical modeling with a two-dimensional boundary element method was used to analyze the deformation and failure behavior of a coal seam and to understand the nature of gas flow into a roadway with igneous intrusion in Bangladesh [3]. The gas pressure and content of underlying coal seams was increased by the thermal effects of an igneous layer and the outburst risks from coal seams also rose in Haizi Coal Mine [4]. Igneous rock, considered the main key stratum, which suddenly broke and instantly released a tremendous amount of elastic strain energy, easily induced the occurrence of complex dynamic disasters, such as rock burst, water inrush, gas outburst, and surface subsidence [5]. An igneous intrusive layer affected in situ stress distribution and caused an increase in outburst risk in an underlying coal seam [6]. [PERSON] et al. analyzed the microseismic effects of hard and thick igneous strata separation and fracturing and the corresponding evaluation index of fracturing intensity [7]. [PERSON] et al. explored the influence mechanism of coal oxidation on the outburst risk of coal seams after an igneous rock invasion [8]. The fracture failure step distance of hard and thick igneous rock was deduced based on the occurrence law of microseismic events, the characteristics of surface subsidence, and the change law of support resistance in the 10,416 working face at Yangliu coal mine [9]. Based on fractal theory and a clustering algorithm, a damage evolution law of multi-hole blasting igneous rock and a quantitative evaluation model of damage degree were proposed [10]. Igneous intrusions can have significant effects on coal seams, both physically and chemically [12; 13; 14; 15; 16; 17; 18; 19]. The effects of igneous contact metamorphism were explored through the mineral and toxic trace element composition of low-sulfur coal in the Huaibei Coalfield [13]. [PERSON] et al. studied the effects of a 0.4 m thick doerite dyke on the mineralogy and geochemistry of Witbank coals, South Africa [14]. [PERSON] et al. conducted a detailed study on geochemical and mineralogical responses to thermal alteration by an igneous intrusion in the Dashucun Coal Mine of the Fengfeng Coalfield [17; 18]. The effect of pressure on the evolution of vitrinite graphitized mesophases was analyzed through an experimental study on anthracite under high temperatures and pressures [19]. In the meantime, geophysics detection has been applied to predictions of igneous rock [20; 21; 22; 23; 24; 25; 26]. The distribution of igneous rocks in eastern Yin'e Basin was revealed by 3D gravity and magnetic inversion [20]. Based on multi-component digital rocks, the authors used the finite element method and mathematical morphology method to analyze the influence mechanism of the above factors on the electrical conductivity mechanism of altered igneous rocks [21]. [PERSON] et al.