## 4 Results
### Topside Effective Scale Height Modeled through the Original NeQuick Formulation  
It is worth highlighting that the linear approximation of the topside effective scale height produces scale height values different than those modeled through the original NeQuick formulation of Equation (5). To characterize the differences in both magnitude and spatial variation between the two modeling approaches, we re-calculated \(H_{0}\) values by using directly the NeQuick topside effective scale height of Equation (5). In this way, \(\mathrm{d}H/\mathrm{d}z\) (which, in NeQuick, is represented by the parameter \(g\)) is kept constant and equal to 0.125, and any of its spatial variations are avoided. Figure 8 presents \(H_{0}\) values obtained with the  
Figure 6: Geographical representation of median values of \(H_{0}\) for the daytime sector (\(\sim\)14:00 LT). First row plots (panels (**a**–**c**)) refer to FMA = (February, March, April) months; second row plots (panels (**d**–**f**)) refer to MJJ = (May, June, July) months; third row plots (panels (**g**–**i**)) refer to ASO = (August, September, October) months; and fourth row plots (panels (**j**–**l**)) refer to NDJ = (November, December, January) months. First column plots (panels (**a**,**d**,**g**,**j**)) are \(H_{0}\) values obtained with non-calibrated CSES—01 and IRI-modeled data; second column plots (panels (**b**,**e**,**h**,**k**)) are corresponding values obtained with non-calibrated Swarm B and IRI-modeled data; third column plots (panels (**c**,**f**,**i**,**l**)) are those obtained with COSMIC—1-measured \(N_{\rm e}\) data by radio occultation. Color bar scale is the same across all panels. The solid black curve in each plot represents the geomagnetic equator.  
NeQuick scale height formulation of Equation (5) applied to the CSES--01 \(N_{\rm e}\) calibrated dataset. By comparing Figure 8 with Figures 4 and 5, it is clear how they show similar spatial patterns, albeit with different magnitudes. Specifically, the very high \(H_{0}\) values during nighttime, at specific longitudinal sectors and which maximize during NDJ months, are still present. This comparison confirms the consistency of both topside modeling approaches in the range of altitudes sounded by CSES--01 and Swarm B satellites.  
Figure 7: Geographical representation of median values of \(H_{0}\) for the nighttime sector (\(\sim\)02:00 LT). First row plots (panels (**a**–**c**)) refer to FMA = (February, March, April) months; second row plots (panels (**d**–**f**) refer to MJJ = (May, June, July) months; third row plots (panels (**g**–**i**)) refer to ASO = (August, September, October) months; and fourth row plots (panels (**j**–**l**)) refer to NDJ = (November, December, January) months. First column plots (panels (**a**,**d**,**g**,**j**)) are \(H_{0}\) values obtained with non-calibrated CSES—01 and IRI-modeled data; second column plots (panels (**b**,**e**,**h**,**k**)) are corresponding values obtained with non-calibrated Swarm B and IRI-modeled data; third column plots (panels (**c**,**f**,**i**,**l**)) are those obtained with COSMIC—1-measured \(N_{\rm e}\) data by radio occultation. Color bar scale is the same across all panels. The solid black curve in each plot represents the geomagnetic equator.  
Figure 8: Geographical representation of median values of \(H_{0}\) obtained with the original NeQuick topside effective scale height formulation applied to CSES—01 calibrated and IRI-modeled data. First row plots (panels (**a,b**)) refer to FMA = (February, March, April) months; second row plots (panels (**c,d**)) refer to MJJ = (May, June, July) months; third row plots (panels (**e,f**)) refer to ASO = (August, September, October) months; and fourth row plots (panels (**g.h**)) refer to NDJ = (November, December, January) months. First column plots (panels (**a,c,e,g**)) are for the daytime sector; second column plots (panels (**b,d,f,h**)) are for the nighttime sector. Color bar scale is the same across all panels. The solid black curve in each plot represents the geomagnetic equator.