## 1 Introduction
### Related Work  
Due to the occurrences of natural disasters, crime, and terrorist attacks, emergency services and healthcare providers, in particular, must pay close attention to safety [7]. For this purpose, the wireless communication linkage plays a vital role in assessing a damaged area, collecting data on supplies, helping police to find the locations of incidents in smart cities, coordinating rescue team and relief team activities, saving people's lives, and accounting for missing people. To establish an efficient and effective wireless communication network for delivering data in a disaster area spectrum width is highly recommended [8; 9]. However, terrestrial wireless communication technologies could be missing, unavailable through congestion, or damaged [10]. The critical factors for emergency communication network solutions and disaster recovery are rapid deployment, immediate availability, and reliability. Therefore, space technologies represent the best solution for disaster recovery, public safety, SAR, and emergency services [11]. Space technologies are used for collecting information needed to protect human and reduce economic losses. In the aftermath of a disaster, a satellite is a reliable communication solution [12], but the weakness is a time delay and launching cost. Therefore, using an aerial platform can be a better solution, because it has the merits of both space and terrestrial wireless communication systems. [PERSON] et al. [13] argued the use of aerial platforms for disaster and emergency situations and also showed the significance of rescue teams during the disaster. The ability of an aerial platform to deliver communication services such as E911 to facilitate SAR operations is discussed in [14]. The advantages of aerial platforms are the capability and stable coverage area, survivability [15], mitigated interference that occurs in the wireless communication [16], and ability to manage traffic [17]. They offer a valuable alternative to support emergency communications after a disaster [18]. Disaster prediction coverage for mitigation of disaster impact a from low-altitude platform (LAP) is discussed in [19]. Drones belong to the LAP family [20; 21], and are considered to be space robots. The significant advantages of drones are deployment cost, line of sight (LoS), low propagation delay, rapid deployment, fixed station, and use in disasters. The propagation models, mobility, and positioning of drones for a communication network are discussed in [22]. Drones are attractive for emergency communication because of the possibility of rapid deployment and users operating them from their existing mobile handsets in disaster zones. Therefore, drones represent the best solution for disaster recovery and emergency services because they can be used to support relief and rescue teams in performing their tasks efficiently. Drones play a vital role in connected devices in smart cities. Hence, the authors of [23] reviewed the various aspect of drones related to privacy, cyber security, and public safety in smart cities. IoT devices, robots, and humans can communicate as a cooperative. In particular, when flying drones are used, they can support the connectivity of existing terrestrial wireless networks such as cellular and broadband networks. Compared to terrestrial base stations, the advantage of using drones as flying base stations is their ability to provide on-the-fly communications and to establish a LoS communication links to ground users. However, the coverage area for the deployment of drone base station was considered for minimizing energy cost, improving the coverage radius and optimal altitude of drones [24]. Indeed, another important application of drones is in IoT scenarios [25; 26], because devices often have small transmission power and may not be able to communicate over a long range. [PERSON] et al. [27] summarized the various cooperation approaches for the formation of drones. Also, [PERSON] et al.