## 5 Discussion and Implications
### Limitations and Suggestions for Future Research  
Despite the strength of the results of this study (e.g., strong ISM, mediator examination, dependent variables to validate outcomes, frequent, ongoing visits by experts to discuss the questionnaire, theoretical inferences, and support of the hypotheses), this study has several limitations that should be addressed in future research. First, the study variables were self-reported by the respondents, due to the method used in the current work (i.e., multiple measurements were collected from the same participants). Each respondent served as his/her control group, captured in field contexts so that typical daily work in organizational marketing management, response cost, and information security intention could be obtained. This may lead to the non-response bias problem and cause fake results. Future studies should use non-self-report methods to reveal the study variables, such as obtaining financial performance for the dependent variable of employee security ratings. Moreover, while this study presented proof of the ISM effect of employees' RSC on ISI, it did not consider other possible variables that may have also impacted their ISI. Considering other potential variables, for example, encouragement [56], leadership [12], risk management [57], or institutions [58], future studies should further examine the consequences of these variables to compare different outcomes of employees' ISI. Further, due to the limited time and cost, this study only focused on the container shipping industry. This cannot represent every industry. Other sectors may have different views and result in different outcomes. We suggest that further research studies can investigate various industries and the differences between them. Additionally, a longitudinal approach can solve the problem of data collection at one point in time. This may lose the changes in the other time point.  
Using data collected from various points to investigate the research model's short- and long-term effects might bring complete outcomes and contributions. Finally, this study was conducted in Taiwan. Although Taiwan is known as a key shipping region, other areas should also be investigated. Ultimately, future research should employ this research framework to examine different areas.  
Conceptualization, H.-W.W. and S.-Y.K.; methodology, H.-W.W. and S.-Y.K.; software, L.-B.C.; validation, S.-Y.K. and L.-B.C.; formal analysis, H.-W.W. and S.-Y.K.; investigation, S.-Y.K. and L.-B.C.; resources, S.-Y.K.; data curation, H.-W.W. and S.-Y.K.; writing--original draft preparation, H.-W.W. and S.-Y.K.; writing--review and editing, S.-Y.K. and L.-B.C.; visualization, S.-Y.K. and L.-B.C.; supervision, L.-B.C.; project administration, S.-Y.K. and L.-B.C.; funding acquisition, L.-B.C. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.  
This research has been sponsored by the Higher Education Sprout Project, Ministry of Education (MoE) in Taiwan under research grant number MOE-108G0038. This work also was supported in part by the Ministry of Science and Technology (MoST), Taiwan, under Grants MOST 109-2222-E-346-001.  
Not applicable.  
The authors declare no conflict of interest.