## 3 Results and Discussion
The 68% (Aglianico) and 59% (Primitivo) of the total detected volatile fraction was represented by alcohols. Within this chemical class, higher alcohols represented the majority, both in terms of number of identified volatiles and detected amount. In particular, the two compounds 2+3-methyl-1-butanol and phenylethyl alcohol accounted for almost the totality of this class of compounds. Significant differences between the two types of wines were observed for alcohol compounds, with Aglianico wine samples generally displaying \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c} \hline \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**RT**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**Compounds (mg/L)**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Aglianico**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Primitivo**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**Significance**} \\ \cline{3-3} \cline{5-5}  & & **Mean \(\pm\) SD** & & **Mean \(\pm\) SD** & \\ \hline \multicolumn{5}{c}{**Acids**} \\
42.017 & Acetic acid & 0.410 \(\pm\) 0.041 & 0.557 \(\pm\) 0.013 & ns \\
49.478 & Isobutyric acid & 0.033 \(\pm\) 0.002 & 0.031 \(\pm\) 0.001 & ns \\
55.545 & Isovaleric acid & 0.142 \(\pm\) 0.007 a & 0.095 \(\pm\) 0.003 b & ** \\
65.296 & Hexanoic acid & 0.411 \(\pm\) 0.021 a & 0.255 \(\pm\) 0.009 b & ** \\
71.543 & 2-Hexenoic acid & 0.009 \(\pm\) 0.001 & 0.008 \(\pm\) 0.001 & ns \\
76.180 & Octanoic Acid & 0.953 \(\pm\) 0.035 a & 0.615 \(\pm\) 0.014 b & *** \\
86.053 & Decanoic acid & 0.166 \(\pm\) 0.008 & 0.186 \(\pm\) 0.006 & ns \\  & Subtotal & 2.124 & 1.747 & ns \\  & \% & 3.04 & 3.24 & \\ \multicolumn{5}{c}{**Ternels**} \\
48.367 & beta-Linalool t  & 0.005 \(\pm\) 0.001 & 0.004 \(\pm\) 0.000 & ns \\
57.312 & alpha-Terpineol & 0.016 \(\pm\) 0.001 & 0.011 \(\pm\) 0.001 & ns \\
61.168 & beta-Citronello t  & 0.003 \(\pm\) 0.000 a & 0.001 \(\pm\) 0.000 b & *** \\  & Subtotal & 0.024 a & 0.016 b & ** \\  & \% & 0.03 & 0.03 & \\
53.092 & gamma-Butylolactone & 0.794 \(\pm\) 0.031 & 0.721 \(\pm\) 0.026 & ns \\
71.200 & (E)-Whiskeylactone & 0.021 \(\pm\) 0.000 & 0.025 \(\pm\) 0.000 & ns \\
74.714 & gamma-Nonalactone t  & 0.041 \(\pm\) 0.002 & 0.053 \(\pm\) 0.001 & ns \\  & Subtotal & 0.855 & 0.799 & ns \\  & \% & 1.22 & 1.48 & \\
31.094 & Acetoin & 0.142 \(\pm\) 0.005 & 0.150 \(\pm\) 0.006 & ns \\
42.856 & Furfurral & 0.031 \(\pm\) 0.002 & 0.050 \(\pm\) 0.002 & ns \\
46.626 & Benzaldehyde & 0.045 \(\pm\) 0.002 a & 0.019 \(\pm\) 0.001 b & *** \\
58.397 & 3-(Methylthio)-1-propanol & 0.087 \(\pm\) 0.007 & 0.072 \(\pm\) 0.002 & ns \\
70.622 & beta-Ionone & 0.005 \(\pm\) 0.001 & 0.007 \(\pm\) 0.001 & ns \\  & Unknown furanone & & & \\  & compound & & & \\
84.193 & (tentative of identification: & 0.475 \(\pm\) 0.022 b & 0.675 \(\pm\) 0.020 a & ** \\  & 5-Hydroxyme- & & & \\  & thyldihydrofuran-2-one) t  & 0.075 \(\pm\) 0.020 & 0.009 \(\pm\) 0.001 & ns \\
85.718 & Syringol t  & 0.007 \(\pm\) 0.003 & 0.009 \(\pm\) 0.001 & ns \\  & Subtotal & 0.149 & 0.160 & ns \\  & \% & 0.21 & 0.30 & \\  & Total & 69.843 & 53.938 & \\  & \% & 100 & 100 & \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular} Values with different letters refer to significant differences tested by ANOVA followed by multiple comparison Tukey HSD post hoc test (** \(p<0.05\); *** \(p<0.01\)); ns: non-significant difference; t tentative of identification.  
\end{table} 
Table 1: _Cont._greater values. In fact, out of the thirteen identified alcohols, eight compounds showed significant differences, with only 1-octen-3-ol exhibiting a higher value in Primitivo wine. The group of acids was also relatively large, including acetic, isobutyric, isovaleric, hexanoic, 2-hexenoic, octanoic, and decanoic acids. Among the identified acids, isovaleric, hexanoic (\(p<0.05\)), and octanoic (\(p<0.01\)) acids showed significant differences between the two wine types, with higher values in Aglianico wines compared to Primitivo. Despite the possibility of the observed differences being linked to several parameters, ranging from grape features to winemaking practices (e.g., YAN and other yeast nutrients, suspended solids, temperature, etc. ), the findings seem in line with data reported by [PERSON] et al. [18].