## 5 Current and Prospective Solutions to Enhance 5G Security
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{p{42.7 pt} p{113.8 pt} p{113.8 pt} p{113.8 pt} p{113.8 pt} p{113.8 pt}} \hline \hline
**Security Solutions in 5G** & **Examples** & **Strengths** & & **Weaknesses** \\ \hline \multirow{6}{*}{Machine learning (ML) and artificial intelligence (AI)} & - & Intrusion detection using deep learning algorithms. & - & High accuracy in identifying known and unknown threats. & - & Resource-intensive, potentially impacting network efficiency. \\  & - & Pattern recognition for threat detection. & - & Adaptability to evolving network patterns. & - & Need for continuous training and updates. \\  & - & & Real-time threat detection. & - & Susceptible to adversarial attacks. & - \\ \hline \multirow{6}{*}{Blockchain technology} & \multirow{6}{*}{-} & \multirow{6}{*}{Secure device authentication in 5G IoT.} & - & Decentralization reduces single-point failure risks. & - & Complex implementation and scalability challenges. \\  & & & - & Robustness in IoT security. & - & Slower transaction processing compared to centralized systems. \\  & & & - & Enhanced trust through transparency. & - & Energy-intensive consensus mechanisms. \\ \hline \multirow{6}{*}{SDN and NFV} & \multirow{6}{*}{-} & \multirow{6}{*}{Adaptive network slicing.} & - & Improved network agility and flexibility. & - & Scalability and performance overhead concerns. \\  & & Enhanced security through virtualization. & - & Enhanced protection against identical movement threats. & - & Complexity in managing virtualized network functions. \\  & & & - & Efficient resource utilization. & - & Potential vulnerabilities in virtualized environments. \\ \hline \multirow{6}{*}{Encryption authentication} & \multirow{6}{*}{-} & \multirow{6}{*}{Use of Advanced encryption standard (AES).} & - & AES offers a high level of security. & - & AES is not quantum-resistant. \\  & & & - & Homomorphic encryption & - & Homomorphic encryption can be slow and complex. \\  & & - & Homomorphic encryption for without decryption. & - & Complexity and scalability challenges for UAF. \\  & & - & Unified Authentication & - & Authentication methods. & - & Biometric authentication may require specialized hardware. \\  & & - & Biometric authentication. & enhances identity verification. & - & Blockchain-based authentication can be complex control. \\  & & & - & Blockchain-based authentication decentralizes & - & & Authentication can be complex to implement. \\ \hline \multirow{6}{*}{Organizational and regulatory measures} & \multirow{6}{*}{-} & \multirow{6}{*}{Best practices adoption.} & - & Enhances overall security & - & Initial investment in security measures. \\  & & Risk management frameworks. & - & Provides benchmarks for security. & - & Compliance can be complex and time-consuming. \\  & & Compliance with international standards and regulations. & - & Fosters trust among stakeholders. & - & Varied regulations across regions. \\ \hline \multirow{6}{*}{User education and awareness} & \multirow{6}{*}{-} & \multirow{6}{*}{Promoting digital literacy.} & \multirow{6}{*}{-} & Reduces human error-related security incidents. & - & Requires continuous educational efforts. \\  & & & & Empowers users to protect themselves. & - & Users may remain susceptible to social engineering attacks. \\ \cline{1-1} \cline{4-4}  & & & & & themselves. & - & Effectiveness depends on user willingness to engage. \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 9: Security solutions in 5G [4; 6; 39; 51; 52].