## 4 Experiment and Results
Figure 2: Modes of distribution in parcel delivery. (**a**) The traditional approach. (**b**) The modern approach. (**c**) The mixed modern approach. in the second, the drones make a star type route to deliver the packages, while the last approach is much better. In scenario 1, the difference of a drone route and a truck route were observed, which are very different; the trajectory cost was much lower than the traditional cost. The routes generated by each case give us a perspective that a drone can arrive faster than a truck and that it is more flexible when delivering packages since these vehicles do not need roads, such as trucks; drones can go in a straight line and there is no obstacle along the way. The results of the study are presented in the following Table 3. Scenario 1 presents the greatest savings in comparison to the other scenarios because this scenario considers small packages; it should be noted that all these packages can be sent by drone. It is also observed that there is a maximum saving and a minimum saving, this changes depending on the number of customers, due to the demands generated by each of the clients. Therefore, in this study, an average saving percentage of 30% was found; it was convenient to perform tests with different customer sizes, and it can be indicated that it is a considerable percentage when taking into account the participation of these packages in the University. Scenario 2 presents a saving of 13% which is the fourth best scenario of those evaluated; this percentage is because they are medium products which can be sent by drones although only one drone is qualified to fulfill the deliveries with these packages. In scenario 3, we observed how the percentage of savings is determined; with an average fuel savings of 5% only one product can be sent with this technology; this is as an example that the smaller the packages are the more the percentage of saving. In scenario 4, all package sizes were contemplated where small packages were sent regularly with drones to deliver to delivery points; the savings represent almost half that obtained from the first scenario with 14% being the third best scenario. Scenario 5 includes only medium and big products, which resulted in a saving of 9%, and is one of the scenarios where there were little savings due to the size of the packages. Scenario 6 obtained an average saving of 16% which the second best of savings due to the large products that were sent by truck and allowing small products that were sent by drones; in this scenario, it was verified that mixed delivery is a good option. In scenario 7, a saving of 12% was obtained; this was because there were more medium packages than large products. It was verified that considering this scenario, good savings can be obtained by using drones for deliveries. Figure 3: Traditional approach vs modern approach. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{l c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c} \hline \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**Scenarios**} & \multicolumn{3}{c}{**4 \(\mathbf{Customers}\)} & \multicolumn{3}{c}{**8 \(\mathbf{Customers}\)**} & \multicolumn{3}{c}{**12 \(\mathbf{Customers}\)**} & \multicolumn{3}{c}{**20 \(\mathbf{Customers}\)**} & \multicolumn{3}{c}{**40 \(\mathbf{Customers}\)**} & \multicolumn{3}{c}{**Total Saving**} \\ \cline{2-19}  & **Min** & **Avg** & **Max** & **Min** & **Avg** & **Max** & **Min** & **Avg** & **Max** & **Min** & **Avg** & **Max** & **Min** & **Avg** & **Max** & **Min** & **Avg** & **Max** \\ \hline Scenario 1 & 36\% & 51\% & 59\% & 21\% & 43\% & 89\% & 10\% & 32\% & 97\% & 2\  
The savings results of each scenario are shown in Figure 4. In scenario 1, analyzing the instances with few clients (4, 8 and 12 clients) presents average savings from 32% to 61%; when adding more delivery points, the percentage tends to decrease in the majority of times; when considering 20 clients, the average savings percentage decreases to 16%. It was observed that when taking into account high customer quantities (30 and 40 customers) the trend is between a saving of 12 % and 13% with small packages.