esa-sceva/satcom-chunk-collection huggingface dataset:
# A Discrete Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm for Dynamic Scheduling of Transmission Tasks
## 2 Preliminaries
### Task-Scheduling Result  
In the model design, it is assumed that the transmission tasks completed by all the equipment are fully loaded, that is, the design can cover all the equipment according to the length of the task's start and end. In order to adapt to the definition of population in intelligent algorithms and the requirements of intelligent-algorithm-related operations, a one-dimensional sequence is used to represent the optimization-result data. Define the scheduling-result data as binary:  
\[TaskResult\ =\ <\ Task,TransNo> \tag{4}\]  
where, \(TaskResult.Task\) is the task of \(TaskQueue\), \(TaskResult.TransNo\) is the equipment code that carries the task, and the output-result sequence of the algorithm can be expressed as:  
\[ScheduleResult=\left\{TaskResult_{1}.TransNo,\ldots,TaskResult_{k}.TransNo, \ldots TaskResult_{p}.TransNo\right\} \tag{5}\]  
where, \(p\) is the number of tasks, \(TaskResult_{k}\) represents the scheduling result of the \(k\)-th task, and \(TaskResult_{k}.TransNo\) is the code of the equipment that carries the \(k\)-th task of the \(TaskQueue\).
# Design Optimization of Reconfigurable Liquid Crystal Patch Antenna
###### Abstract  
In various fields such as the 5G antenna system and satellite communication system, there is a growing demand to develop a smart antenna with a frequency selective or beamforming function within a limited space. While antennas utilizing mechanical, electronic, and material characteristics are being studied, a method of having tunable frequency characteristics by applying a liquid crystal material with dielectric anisotropy to a planar patch antenna is proposed. In resonance mode, the design method for using only the minimum amount of expensive liquid crystals is systematically arranged while maximizing the amount of change in the operating frequency of the antenna by considering the electric field distribution on the surface of the patch antenna. Furthermore, to increase the dielectric anisotropy of the liquid crystal, the liquid crystal must be aligned. Simultaneously, in cases where the cell gap of the liquid crystal exceeds 100 \(\upmu\)m, the alignment force is weakened. While compensating for this shortcoming, securing the radiation characteristics of the antenna is proposed, and simulations are performed.  
liquid crystal; dielectric anisotropy; frequency tunable antenna; smart antenna +
Footnote †: journal: Materials
## 1 Introduction
Recognition thresholds and difference detection thresholds are also used in sensory evaluation of wines, but only ODT is considered in this research. Frontenac (UMN 89 \(\times\) Landot 4511) was introduced in 1996 and Marquette (MN 1094 \(\times\) Ravat 262) was introduced in 2006 by University of Minnesota. These cold-climate cultivars are of importance because Marquette parentage includes Pinot Noir (grandparent), Cabernet Sauvignon and Merlot (great-great grandparents), Cabernet Franc, and Sauvignon Blanc [30]. Similar aroma profiles are expected between Marquette and Frontenac wines because the cultivars share 25% parentage from Landot Noir [31; 32]. Evaluating the total aroma compounds present in headspace of Frontenac and Marquette wines is important to identify potential varietal aroma character. This information can then be used to compare the aroma of Frontenac and Marquette wines to the more recognizable vinifera wines (Figure 1). The objectives of this study were to: (1) determine the relative concentrations of VOCs in the headspace of Marquette and Frontenac wines to an internal standard; (2) perform ADA on the wine samples to characterize the most odorous compounds; and (3) calculate OAV of key aroma compounds. Effects of increased berry \"hang time\", i.e., the time allowed to remain on the vine before harvest, on wine aroma will help enologists use viticultural practices to enhance desired winemaking styles.
# Efficiency of Pulsating Base Bleeding to Control Trailing Edge Flow Configurations
## 1 Introduction
The current work further explores the effects of base bleed on subsonic conditions, considering a pulsating coolant flow base ejection to verify if unsteady blowing is more efficient than a continuous and steady trailing edge injection. A large set of numerical flow calculations covering a range of base bleed intensities and injection frequencies is compared against constant blowing conditions at the same maximum flow rate. Wake structure,  
Figure 1: Representational scheme of trailing edge base region flow, together with static pressure contours and static pressure time series. Image partially reproduced from [PERSON] et al. [19]. Copyright © 2021, published by Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved. pressure loss, angle of the jet, and a detailed energy balance are evaluated. Despite having an apparent lower effect on the base region than constant base bleed, notable changes in the ejected jet angle, pressure losses, and measured forces are found when pulsating base bleed is employed, with significant gains on the energy costs required to reduce the aerodynamic pressure drag.
###### Abstract  
This study presents an innovative home energy management system (HEMS) that incorporates PV, WTs, and hybrid backup storage systems, including a hydrogen storage system (HSS), a battery energy storage system (BESS), and electric vehicles (EVs) with vehicle-to-home (V2H) technology. The research, conducted in Liaoning Province, China, evaluates the performance of the HEMS under various demand response (DR) scenarios, aiming to enhance resilience, efficiency, and energy independence in green buildings. Four DR scenarios were analyzed: No DR, 20% DR, 30% DR, and 40% DR. The findings indicate that implementing DR programs significantly reduces peak load and operating costs. The 40% DR scenario achieved the lowest cumulative operating cost of $749.09, reflecting a 2.34% reduction compared with the $767.07 cost in the No DR scenario. The integration of backup systems, particularly batteries and fuel cells (FCs), effectively managed energy supply, ensuring continuous power availability. The system maintained a low loss of power supply probability (LPSP), indicating high reliability. Advanced optimization techniques, particularly the reptile search algorithm (RSA), are crucial in enhancing system performance and efficiency. These results underscore the potential of hybrid backup storage systems with V2H technology to enhance energy independence and sustainability in residential energy management.  
residential energy management; reptile search algorithm (RSA); sustainable energy solutions; hybrid backup storage; hydrogen storage +
Footnote †: journal: Applied Sciences
# Metal-to-Insulator Transition in Ultrathin Manganite Heterostructures
## 5 MIT in Other Correlated ABO\({}_{3}\) Thin Films  
Besides LSMO, reduced dimensionality-driven MIT has been broadly observed in many other correlated metal oxides, such as LNO [14; 78; 79], SrVO\({}_{3}\) (SVO) [15] and SrRuO\({}_{3}\) (SRO) [16], and SrIrO\({}_{3}\) (SIO) [80; 81]. The dead layer thicknesses of these oxide materials are also quite similar. All the LNO, SVO, SRO, LSMO, and SIO share the same dead layer thickness of \(\sim\)3 u.c. This similarity may also suggest that the dead layer has a common origin. Similar to the capping effect on LSMO [39; 40], the surface capping has been found to decrease the dead layer thickness of both LNO [78] and SRO [82]. The capping layer plays a role in reducing the surface structure distortion [78]. The MIT in LNO ultrathin films also exhibit dimensional-crossover from weak localization to strong localization [79]. With reducing dimensionality, the electron has shorter scattering path and the Anderson localization effect becomes stronger, therefore the Anderson localization effect is amplified in ultrathin films. This unavoidable effect initiated by inherent disorder will prevent the thin films from exhibiting metallic behavior. Another possible common reason that is responsible for the dead layer may be the enlarged electron-electron correlation effect with reduced dimensionality. An Increased electron correlation tends to localize the electron, and induce a Mott insulator state. Though the true mechanism is still a question, due to the intrinsic complexity in these correlated materials, due to the delicate coupling between multiple degrees of freedom of spin, charge, orbital, and lattice, the common dead layer behavior in different correlated oxides strongly implies an important role of the reduced dimensionality effect.
## 4 Experimental Results and Discussion
### Relationship Between Fractal Dimension and Pore Structure Parameters  
The variations in the air content and spacing factor of BPFRC with the fractal dimension are shown in Figures 8 and 9, respectively. Air content refers to the ratio of the pore volume in mortar to the total volume of concrete. As can be seen from Figure 8, a good correlation exists between air content and the fractal dimension, and the correlation coefficient is 0.775; air content shows a decreasing trend with increasing fractal dimension. Therefore, under certain conditions, the relative air content can be deduced by a comparison of the fractal dimensions of concrete incorporated with different mixtures. Spacing factor refers to the maximum distance between any point in concrete and any adjacent pore sphere. Figure 9 illustrates the relationship between the fractal dimension and the spacing factor. It can be seen that the spacing factor and fractal dimension also have a good correlation (R\({}^{2}\) = 0.635); however, the spacing factor shows an increasing trend with increasing fractal dimension. These results are in agreement with those reported by [PERSON] et al. [45]. It can be noted from our results that a hybrid mixture of BF and PF can improve the pore structure of concrete. When the fractal  
Figure 7: Fitting of strength and fractal dimension.  
dimension increases, the air content decreases whereas the spacing factor increases, which means that both the pore size and the number of pores decrease; that is, the pore structure is refined and optimized. Results of previous works have shown that the air content and spacing factor are the main factors affecting the frost resistance of concrete [46]. [PERSON] also estimated the relationship between the air content and the spacing factor and proposed the critical values of the air content and spacing factor to ensure the frost resistance of concrete [47]. In order to meet the requirement of high frost resistance of concrete, many countries have proposed a recommended value of the air content, which is generally 3-6%; furthermore, studies have recommended that the spacing factor be no larger than 0.25 mm [2]. From the above analysis, it can be seen that the fractal dimension has a strong correlation with the air content and spacing factor, and therefore, the fractal dimension can be used to evaluate pore structure characteristics comprehensively. Therefore, the fractal dimension can be used to predict frost resistance of concrete more effectively.
## 4 Classification of Auto-Configuration Protocols
### Hybrid Protocols  
#### 4.3.1 Hcqa  
_Hybrid Centralized Query-based Autoconfiguration_ (HCQA) [26] was the first hybrid auto-configuration protocol. A node that wants to join the network undergoes a SDAD process. If the process is successful, the node will have to register its tentative IP address with an _Address Authority_. To do this, it will expect a message from the Address Authority and when that message has been received, it will send a registry request and the Address Authority will confirm it. The node starts a counter as this process begins, if the timer expires, it will start the process again until it can register the IP address. When the network is created, the first node becomes an Address Authority, it chooses a unique identifier for the network (e.g., MAC address) and advertises it periodically by _broadcast_ messages to identify the network. If a node does not receive it, it is assumed that the network has been divided and it will create its own network becoming Address Authority. This protocol adds robustness to the SDAD process, it ensures no duplicity of IP addresses and it also provides a good mechanism for network _partitioning_. However, it has two main problems, firstly the overhead produced by the SDAD process and periodic messages of Address Authority, and secondly, the network depends on a central entity with which all nodes must communicate directly in order to register its IP address, so that much latency is added at the joining of nodes to the network.
## 4 Results and Analysis
### Grid Virtual Division Scheme Performance
#### 4.2.2 Impact of Different LED Shapes and Sizes  
As a practical communication, the various shapes and sizes of LEDs supported by OCC can have an impact on the efficiency of RoI extraction. Therefore, we evaluate the performance of the traditional and the proposed schemes in terms of processing time and BER based on LEDs of different shapes and sizes in this subsection. More specifically, we configure the transmission frequency at 5 kbps and fix the receiver at a distance of 80 cm away from the transmitter to measure the extraction efficiency of both schemes. As shown in Figure 6, the transmitters for the four prototypes consist of round LEDs with diameters of 0.13 m (R1) and 0.3 m (R2) and square LEDs with side lengths of 0.14 m (S1) and 0.25 m (S2), respectively. We present the experimental results obtained by the receiver using box plots as illustrated in Figure 9. It shows that compared with the baseline, the proposed scheme has better performance for different LED shapes and sizes. For round LED transmitters, the median times of 0.23 ms and 0.28 ms obtained by the grid virtual division scheme are significantly better than the corresponding median times of 1.28 ms and 1.26 ms for the baseline. For square LED transmitters, the median times of 0.44 ms and 0.41 ms calculated by the proposed scheme are significantly better than those of 1.99 ms and 0.99 ms for the baseline. It can be seen that the grid virtual division scheme has significant potential to improve the efficiency of RoI extraction.  
Similar to the work in Section 4.2.1, we also count the BER results obtained by the receiver when replacing the transmitter with different shapes and sizes, as shown in Figure 10. It is evident from the figure that the BER calculated by the proposed scheme is slightly higher than that calculated by the baseline in the case of R1, R2 and S2. Specifically, the BER variation of the grid virtual division scheme ranges from 0.2% to 0.38% in the case of R1, R2 and S2, while the variation in the baseline BER in these four cases ranges from 0.12% to 0.34%. Nevertheless, the proposed scheme improves the efficiency of RoI extraction while maintaining a reasonable BER below the FEC threshold of 0.38%. Furthermore, we notice that the BER of S1 is slightly higher than the other three cases. This may be caused by the small size of the S1 and the fact that the cloth in front of the lamp absorbs some of the light intensity. Meanwhile, S2 has a more significant number of light strips in the lamp, so the BER is lower than that of S1.  
Figure 9: RoI extraction performance under variable LED shapes and sizes.
## 6 Conclusions
### Limitation and Future Work  
Due to the limited time and resources, our study has the following limitations.  
First, although the text-mining results were automatically generated, human interpretation of the obtained results was still required. In addition, the supervised component of our method showed a relatively low average predictive accuracy of 50% across the 10 pre-defined categories. This was due its inability to produce a large amount of quality training data. Since the aim of this study was to concept-prove the effectiveness of our novel text-mining method to identify the issues expressed in students' feedback and thereafter to design and implement interventions, a small training set was considered sufficient. A future work plan is to collect a larger set of training data for better performance, as well as to improve the quality of the labeled data by adapting a more rigorous annotation methodology, as suggested by other researchers [61; 62].  
Second, while our intervention and evaluation were implemented in four selected modules at two levels, we understand that the NSS data used in this study provide programmer-based feedback. Although the modules were carefully chosen to include students from all programs, it became evident that the evaluation results varied across the modules and levels. For example, the action of 'Embedding real-life examples' was generally well received by Level 6 students but received lower ratings from Level 5 students. It is suggested that, when designing interventions in future, module-level feedback should be taken into account.  
Lastly, the survey results showed the positive effect of our intervention, which is considered sufficient to justify the effectiveness of our novel approach. However, statistically speaking, such a result might not be considered to be robust enough to inform the development of university policymaking or teaching guidelines. At the 95% confidence level, the average rating is 92%, suggesting that the results are encouraging but not statistically significant. In the next stage of our study, to obtain a more reliable result, we will encourage more students to participate in the module evaluation survey.
# Monitoring and Improving Aircraft Maintenance Processes Using IT Systems
## 3 Analysis of the Research Object Maintenance Process  
The research conducted in this article focuses on the analysis of the maintainability of training jet aircraft. This paper focuses on foundational operational research of the M-346 aircraft. The M-346 aircraft is one of the most modern aircraft used in the Polish military aviation fleet, having been in service with the Polish Air Force since 2017. It is a twin-engine jet aircraft for flight training. In practical flight training, it is important to maintain high technical readiness in aircraft [39,40]. The success of the training sequence directly depends on the availability of the aircraft. Therefore, the effectiveness of the maintenance system is crucial.  
The aircraft is maintained based on the use of two exploitation strategies. Condition-based maintenance is the dominant one. The condition of most aggregates must be checked periodically. Moreover, the operation of the remaining components follows the operation strategy with planned preventive works, based on their service life. This approach forces the aircraft user to carry out maintenance activities in a strictly defined time, in accordance with the adopted Maintenance Programme [18,41,42,43].
## 3 Results and Discussion
### Answering RQ3 to RQ5
Nevertheless, it offers the flexibility to export the designed application in different formats of executable files which are compatible with various building platforms such as Windows, Mac, iOS, Android and Universal Windows Platform (UWP). Vuforia is the most common SDK for AR application development, launched by Qualcomm for a wide variety of devices. In addition, Vuforia provides some distinguishing features supporting different tracking protocols such as image target, object target, model target, feature tracking, cloud recognition and video playback. CV algorithms are used for Vuforia to assist object recognition in the image frame and 3D model presentation or data visualization in a real-time interface. In summary, Vuforia provides high-speed partly covered recognition, robust tracking of objects and consistent efficient tracking in low-light situations. The OpenGL graphics library is usually integrated to render the scene, while the ARToolkit, which is a marker-based tracking library, is used to track and place virtual elements. To detect markers in a captured scene, the ARToolkit employs image processing functions. OpenSceneGraph is a free and open-source framework for computer graphics applications that could be used for rendering 3D graphics. OpenCV is an open-source framework for computer vision programming. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{p{56.9 pt} p{56.9 pt} p{56.9 pt} p{56.9 pt}} \hline \hline
**Year** & **Ref.** & **Programming Language** & **Functionalities Library/SDK** & **3D Content Creation** \\ \hline
2021 & [30] & C++ & ROS, OpenCV, PCL & Based on 3D point cloud extraction and algorithm \\ \hline
2021 & [90] & C\# & Vuforia, Unity3D & N/A \\ \hline
2021 & [138] & C\# & Unity3D, Vuforia Engine & N/A \\ \hline
2021 & [173] & C\# & Unity, Vuforia & N/A \\ \hline
2021 & [188] & N/A & ARCore framework, ARCore SDK, Unity & N/A \\ \hline
2021 & [189] & C\# & Unity3D, Vuforia Engine & N/A \\ \hline
2021 & [219] & C\# & Unity3D, Mixed Reality Toolkit (MRTK 2), Microsoft Visual Studio & N/A \\ \hline
2021 & [220] & Java: for Android mobile devices C\#: for Holelens & Unity 3D game engine & Blender \\ \hline
2021 & [221] & C\# & ROS, ARToolkit, OpenCV, Vuforia & N/A \\ \hline
2021 & [225] & N/A & Holo Toolkit & N/A \\ \hline
2020 & [52] & C\# & Unity3D, Holo Toolkit, Vuforia, MicrosoftMixedRealityToolkit & N/A \\ \hline
2020 & [53] & C\# & Unity3D, Vuforia & N/A \\ \hline
2020 & [62] & C++ & OpenGL, OpenCV & N/A \\ \hline
2020 & [59] & N/A & Unity, Kinect SDK, OpenCV, Visual Studio & N/A \\ \hline
2020 & [72] & C\# & Hololens, Unity3D engine & N/A \\ \hline
2020 & [102] & N/A & Unity3D & N/A \\ \hline
2020 & [119] & C\# & Vuforia, Unity3D, Matlab & N/A \\ \hline
2020 & [122] & N/A & Unity3D, Hololens, MicrosoftMixedRealityToolkit & N/A \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 16: Software development elements mentioned in selected articles 2010–2021.
## 5 Evacuation Modeling Packages
### Microscale
#### 5.3.2 Mesoscale Models  
DYNASMART, Cube Avenue, and Transportation Analysis and Simulation System (TRANSIMS) offer mesoscale simulation capabilities, bridging the gap between macro- and micro-level models. These models can simulate traffic flow over time and provide a more detailed representation of congestion situations and time-based impacts during evacuations. With the ability to forecast vehicle movements at specific times, these models allow for a more precise assessment of evacuation timelines and the design of evacuation strategies in various scenarios. In addition to traffic flow analysis, TRANSIMS's focus on individual travel patterns enables the evaluation of different regional transportation systems and travel markets, making it a valuable tool for assessing the benefits and impacts of various evacuation strategies.
# Mobile Autonomous Sensing Unit (MASU): A Framework That Supports Distributed Pervasive Data Sensing
## 4 MASU Evaluation Using Simulations  
The first step in the MASU evaluation process was to determine its usefulness and performance under diverse networking, hardware and mobility conditions, by using simulations. Next we explain this process and the obtained results.