# Studying Spatial Unevenness of Transport Demand in Cities Using Machine Learning Methods
## 3 Results
### Clustering of City Transport Areas According to the Criterion of Population Mobility Structure  
Data obtained for the population center as a whole provide incomplete information. For a more accurate assessment of population mobility in the city, source areas and target areas were divided into groups. Using the k-means method, areas of the city transport macromodel were clustered. In this case, the accounting parameters used the shares of trips by cars and PT. The clustering of transport areas in the macromodel of the city showed the division of areas into nine groups. Each group of districts differs in its characteristics (Tables 6 and 7) and distance from the city center. The largest number of areas in the central part of the city belonging to class 5 is due to their small area size. Figure 6: The influence of private transport travel time on the share of trips by private transport: (**a**) from the source areas; (**b**) to the target areas. Figure 7: Shares of trips by private and PT depending on the travel distance along the road network. All nine groups of transport areas can be divided into central, peripheral, and remote sectors. Examples of transport areas grouped into separate classes are shown in Figure 8.  
Transport areas belonging to classes 0, 1, 4, and 7 (source areas) and 3, 4, 5, and 6 (target areas) are located on the periphery, outside the boundaries of the city central part, but within the bypass road (with rare exception). Transport areas belonging to classes 2, 5, and 8 (source areas) and 7 and 8 (target areas) are located in the city central part with the largest population. Transport areas belonging to classes 3 and 6 (source areas) and 0, 1, and 2 (target areas) are located either outside the bypass road or inside, but the bypass of the city is the border of the transport area. After the transport areas were classified into two categories, namely source areas and target areas of correspondence, and the average values of output parameters and factors were determined for each class, graphs of the share of trips by mode of transport depending on the average travel time by private and PT were created (Figures 9-11). \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c} \hline  & & & & \\ \multicolumn{5}{c}{**Transport Area Parameters and Travel Characteristics**} \\ \cline{3-5}
**Area Group** & **Number of Areas** & & & \\ \cline{3-5}
**Class** & **per Class** & **Public Transport** & **Average Travel Distance by Private** & **Average Travel Distance by** \\  & & **Share** & **Transport, km** & **PT, km** \\ \hline
0 & 39 & 0.48 & 12.95 & 11.05 \\
1 & 54 & 0.54 & 10.97 & 9.80 \\
2 & 58 & 0.56 & 9.06 & 8.64 \\
3 & 22 & 0.38 & 14.30 & 12.59 \\
4 & 9 & 0.48 & 11.24 & 9.65 \\
5 & 99 & 0.56 & 7.67 & 7.53 \\
6 & 41 & 0.20 & 15.93 & 13.95 \\
7 & 23 & 0.36 & 12.00 & 9.56 \\
8 & 13 & 0.48 & 8.66 & 7.99 \\ \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 6: Transport area classification (source areas). \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c} \hline  & & & & \\ \multicolumn{5}{c}{**Transport Area Parameters and Travel Characteristics**} \\ \cline{3-5}
**Area Group** & **Number of Areas** & & & \\ \cline{3-5}
**Class** & **per Class** & **Public Transport** & **Average Travel Distance by Private** & **Average Travel Distance by** \\  & & & **Share** & **Transport, km** & **PT, km** \\ \hline
0 & 38 & 0.265 & 17.09 & 14.76 \\
1 & 23 & 0.382 & 14.22 & 10.95 \\
2 & 26 & 0.423 & 13.06 & 9.99 \\
3 & 37 & 0.455 & 12.49 & 11.49 \\
4 & 28 & 0.512 & 11.3 & 9.58 \\
5 & 20 & 0.487 & 9.66 & 8.57 \\
6 &Figure 8: Clustering of transport areas and division into sectors: (**a**) central sector (class 5, source); (**b**) central sector (class 8, target); (**c**) peripheral sector (class 1, source); (**d**) peripheral sector (class 7, target); (**e**) remote sector (class 6, source); (**f**) remote sector (class 0, target). Figure 9: Average travel time influence on the share of travel by private and PT (source areas): (**a**) private transport; (**b**) PT.