# Bioactive Compounds and Nanodelivery Perspectives for Treatment of Cardiovascular Diseases
## 2 Plant Bioactive Compounds  
The phytoactive biocompounds can be isolated from plants using different extraction techniques. Based on specific functional group positions, bioactive compounds are categorized into primary and secondary metabolites [27]. Several metabolites are derived from fungi and vegetation based on their functional phase, tissue arrangement, ecological circumstances, and some other emphasis. Metabolites play a vital role in regulating cell maturation by functioning as plant development compounds. The most commonly found bioactive compounds are ethylene, auxin, gibberells, plant development-abscisic acid, phytohormones-cytokinins, polyhydroxy steroids, and polyamines [28]. Glycoslated or covalently linked forms of bioactive compounds are engaged in the protection process that enables the plant to produce and store them in a harmless state [29]. Secondary metabolites used in traditional medicine can be extracted using a variety of methods, including Soxhlet extraction, maceration, and hydrodistillation. To minimize the use of solvents and introduce smoother extraction yields, ultrasonography, radiation, electromagnetic waves, high atmospheric pressure, and the use of supercritical fluids have already been examined [30; 31; 32]. Concentrated remains are acquired as the water drops are eradicated, and hence, the acquired part is known as an essential oil. Bioactive compounds are organized into three major classes based on their metabolic derivation: (a) phenolics; (b) terpenes; and (c) compounds containing nitrogen. Fruit and vegetables consist of a wide range of bioactive compounds such as anthocyanins, betalains, carotenoids, flavonoids, glucosinolates, plant sterols, and tannins [33; 34; 35; 36]. The occurrence and therapeutic properties of phytochemicals (phenolics, flavonoids, and carotenoids) have been collected in Table 1. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c} \hline
**No.** & **Source** & **Bioactive Compounds** & **Therapeutic Potential** & **Ref.** \\ \hline
1. & Abelmoschus esculentus & Quercetin & Anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, hypolipidemic. & [36] \\ \hline
2. & Ajuga iva & Narringein, & Antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antihypercholesterolemia. & [37] \\ \hline
3. & Anchusa italica Retz. & Rutin, hesperidin, quercetin, kaempfer, naringenin. & Anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anticoagulant. & [38] \\ \hline
4. & Apples & Lutein, carotenoids, antioxidant, antifungal, phylorizin, quercetin, catechchin, procyanidin, epicatechin. & Anti-proliferative. & [39] \\ \hline
5. & Barley leaves & 2\(\beta\)-O-Glucosylisovitexin. & Antioxidant, membrane stabilizer, antitumor. & [40] \\ \hline
6. & Broccoli & Lutein, zeaxanthin, \(\beta\)-carotene, flavonoids. & Antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticarcinogenic. & [41] \\ \hline
7. & Carrots & Lignin, caroten. & Treat leukemia. & [42] \\ \hline
8. & Cereal crops & Orizanol, isovitexin, cyanidine-3-O-\(\beta\)-D-glycopyranaside, pinoresinol. & Prevent cardiovascular diseases and cancer diseases. & [43] \\ \hline
9. & Cocoa & Phytochemicals: methylxanthine, proantho-cyanidin, theobromin. & Antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, hypoglycemic, antiplatelet, antihypertensive. & [44] \\ \hline _10._ & Corchorus olivitorius Leaf and & Luteolin & Antioxidant, hypotensive, diuretic. & [45; 46] \\ \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 1: Bioactive compounds in fruits and vegetables along with their therapeutic properties.