## 3 Results and Discussion
### Pollutant Disappearance Experiments
#### 3.1.1 Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs)
rugosoannulata_ can be promising for further studies, because soil is the natural habitat of this fungus. According to the availability to the fungal cells, the studied PAHs can be arranged in the order anthracene \(\rightarrow\) phenanthrene \(\rightarrow\) fluorene. Comparison of the obtained data with the physicochemical properties of these substances suggests that in this case, a coupling of two factors is essential: the solubility and ionization potentials of PAHs. Although anthracene has the lowest ionization potential (7.43 eV), the low solubility of this substance (0.07 mg/L) makes its molecules poorly available for the fungal attack. Yet, the well \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c} \hline \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**Nb**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**Fungi**} & \multicolumn{3}{c}{**PAH Disappearance (\%)**} \\ \cline{3-5}  & & **ANT** & **PHEN** & **FLU** \\ \hline
1 & _Bjerkandera adusta_ MUT 3398 & 61.6 \(\pm\) 3.0 & 82.8 \(\pm\) 4.8 & 96.2 \(\pm\) 7.2 \\ \hline
2 & _Cladesporium herbarum_ MUT 3238 & 94.1 \(\pm\) 1.0 & 95.4 \(\pm\) 2.5 & 98.0 \(\pm\) 2.4 \\ \hline
3 & _Fusarium oxysporum_ IBPPM 543 & 0 \(\pm\) 2.3 & 20.8 \(\pm\) 1.2 & 41.9 \(\pm\) 3.5 \\ \hline
4 & _Geotrichum candidium_ MUT4803 & 0 \(\pm\) 3.0 & 17.7 \(\pm\) 1.3 & 16.8 \(\pm\) 7.1 \\ \hline
5 & _Lecanicillium aphanocladii_ IBPPM 542 & 39.8 \(\pm\) 12.1 & 62.8 \(\pm\) 2.8 & 81.3 \(\pm\) 3.0 \\ \hline
6 & _Lenzites betulina_ LE-BIN 2047 & 89.3 \(\pm\) 8.6 & 74.4 \(\pm\) 18.8 & 99.2 \(\pm\) 5.7 \\ \hline
7 & _Pleutrotus ostreatus_ f. Florida IBPPM 540 & 50.9 \(\pm\) 5.7 & 70.8 \(\pm\) 2.1 & 93.9 \(\pm\) 5.4 \\ \hline
8 & _Pleutrotus ostreatus_ MUT2977 & 92.0 \(\pm\) 3.2 & 71.2 \(\pm\) 13.7 & 93.0 \(\pm\) 1.3 \\ \hline
9 & _Pleutrotus ostreatus_ 336 & 56.7 \(\pm\) 1.8 & 71.3 \(\pm\) 1.6 & 86.6 \(\pm\) 2.9 \\ \hline
10 & _Pleutrotus ostreatus_ D1 & 85.3 \(\pm\) 4.2 & 100 \(\pm\) 6.8 & 100 \(\pm\) 5.3 \\ \hline
11 & _Pleutrotus ostreatus_ LE-BIN0432 & 36.7 \(\pm\) 11.8 & 79.3 \(\pm\) 15.5 & 94.8 \(\pm\) 18.9 \\ \hline
12 & _Schizophyll commune_ IBPPM 541 & 49.5 \(\pm\) 2.6 & 39.8 \(\pm\) 8.5 & 74.2 \(\pm\) 9.4 \\ \hline
13 & _Steccherium muurashkinskyi_ LE-BIN 1963 & 71.8 \(\pm\) 2.6 & 76.1 \(\pm\) 7.2 & 91.5 \(\pm\) 6.5 \\ \hline
14 & _Stropharia rigososannulata_ DSM11372 & 49.5 \(\pm\) 3.1 & 55.2 \(\pm\) 4.9 & 72.2 \(\pm\) 7.0 \\ \hline
15 & _Trantes gibbosa_ LE-BIN 1911 & 17.0 \(\pm\) 6.3 & 45.3 \(\pm\) 7.2 & 51.8 \(\pm\) 18.8 \\ \hline
16 & _Trantes hirsuta_ LE-BIN 072 & 37.8 \(\pm\) 2.6 & 59.6 \(\pm\) 4.4 & 90.4 \(\pm\) 2.5 \\ \hline
17 & _Trantes maxima_ LE-BIN 0275 & 84.6 \(\pm\) 2.1 & 78.8 \(\pm\) 15.6 & 95.4 \(\pm\) 22.9 \\ \hline
18 & _Trantes ochracea_ LE-BIN 093 & 16.2 \(\pm\) 5.6 & 48.5 \(\pm\) 19.8 & 85.2 \(\pm\) 22.1 \\ \hline
19 & _Trantes versicolor_ DSM11372 & 57.1 \(\pm\) 7.8 & 79.8 \(\pm\) 2.7 & 96.8 \(\pm\) 7.1 \\ \hline
20 & _Trantes versicolor_ MUT3403 & 86.4 \(\pm\) 13.2 & 60.9 \(\pm\) 8.6 & 87.8 \(\pm\) 2.8 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular} ANT—anthracene; PHEN—phenanthrhene; FLU—fluorene.  
\end{table} 
Table 1: PAHs disappearance (%) by the selected fungi. soluble phenanthrene (1.8 mg/L) has a sufficiently high ionization potential (8.03 eV), and as a consequence, its middle availability for the studied fungi. Finally, a \"successful\" combination of low ionization potential (7.88 eV) and high solubility (1.98 mg/L) makes fluorene the most accessible among the PAHs studied. Now, many reviews on the biodegradation of this class of pollutants have already been published. The corresponding PAH-based quinones (e.g., 9,10-anthraquinone, phenanthrene-9,10-quinone, benzo[a]anthracene-7,12-quinone) are discussed as the main metabolites [38, 49]. Two possibilities for the formed quinones are known. One is the subsequent utilization of quinone metabolites, as it was shown for _P. ostreatus_, _P. etingii_, _Phanerochaete laevis_, and _Polyporus_ sp. S133. In this case, phthalal and 2,2\({}^{\prime}\)-diphenic acids resulted from \"deep\" degradation of fluorene, phenanthrene, and anthracene.