esa-sceva/satcom-chunk-collection huggingface dataset:
## 1 Introduction
The aim of this paper is to advance the field of text depression detection with an approach that yields remarkable performance while preserving explainability and low computational costs. To this aim, we propose a method based on traditional machine learning methods that exploit a combination of lexicon-based features and distributional representations. Therefore, we focus on the following research questions (RQs) concerning the task of detecting depression from text:  
* **RQ1** : Can traditional machine learning methods achieve substantial performance and demonstrate robust generalizability when evaluated on multiple corpora? * **RQ2**: Which types of lexicon-based features provide better insights into key language patterns indicative of depression? * **RQ3**: What is the most effective combination of distributional representation techniques and lexicon-based features? Motivated by these research questions, we introduce a comprehensive lexicon-based feature framework for the detection of depression in text. Such a framework facilitates the organization of textual characteristics, integrating linguistic signals, emotional expressions, and cognitive patterns to provide a holistic understanding of language indicators associated with depression. To this end, a vast number of features were extracted and organized into four sets: affective, syntactic, social, and topic-related. Furthermore, our research delvesinto the exploration of various distributional representation methods, seeking to identify the most practical combination of word embeddings with lexicon-based features to optimize depression detection performance. We thoroughly investigate widely adopted techniques such as FastText and recent approaches such as transformer-based word embeddings. The proposed approaches are evaluated and compared with state-of-the-art methods through experimentation using two public English datasets. The results reveal that combining the presented framework with distributional representations exhibits a performance comparable to transformer-based models such as BERT or MentalBERT, showcasing the effectiveness and competitiveness of our approach. Additionally, the relevance of our experiments is further confirmed through a statistical study, allowing us to comprehensively analyze the performance of our solution. The remainder of the paper is structured as follows. Section 2 provides an overview of the relevant literature in the field of depression detection from textual data. In Section 3, we detail the datasets used, the proposed feature framework, and the depression detection models. The experimental setup to evaluate the proposed models is described in Section 4, along with the presentation of the results obtained. Section 5 offers a comprehensive discussion of the main findings of this study. Finally, we conclude the paper in Section 6, presenting the conclusions drawn from our work and highlighting the potential avenues for future research.
# Intercalating Sn/Fe Nanoparticles in Compact Carbon Monolith for Enhanced Lithium Ion Storage
## 2 Materials and Methods  
### Material Preparation  
The schematic synthesis of our anode materials is described in Scheme 1. Preparation of the Sn/Fe oxides-intercalated carbons (SFO@C) includes several simple steps. Briefly, SnCl\({}_{4}\) salt (Kelon, Chengdu, China) and citric acid (Kelon, Chengdu, China) were first dissolved in deionized water, by ultrasonication, under constant magnetic stirring (Minhang Hongpu Instrument, Shanghai, China), to generate the 0.2 M SnCl\({}_{4}\) aqueous solution, and the citric acid concentration in the 0.2 M SnCl\({}_{4}\) aqueous solution was fixed at 0.15 g/mL. K\({}_{4}\)[Fe(CN)\({}_{6}\)] salts (Kelon, Chengdu, China) and citric acid (Kelon, Chengdu, China) were dissolved in deionized water by sonication under vigorous mechanical agitation, to produce the 0.2 M K\({}_{4}\)[Fe(CN)\({}_{6}\)] aqueous solution, and the citric concentration in the formed K\({}_{4}\)[Fe(CN)\({}_{6}\)] aqueous solution was determined at 0.15g/mL. Then, the above 0.2 M SnCl\({}_{4}\) aqueous solution and 0.2 M K\({}_{4}\)[Fe(CN)\({}_{6}\)] aqueous solution were simply mingled with a volume ratio of 2:1, at room temperature, under the magnetic stirring, and a clear gel was derived after a few minutes. Afterward, the as-prepared gel was placed in a refrigerator (Haier, Shandong, China), at 4 \({}^{\circ}\)C, for 12 h, and then transferred to \(-\)20 \({}^{\circ}\)C for an additional 12 h. Then, the frozen jell was placed in liquid nitrogen for about 30 s, followed by a freeze-drying in a lyophilizer (Boke Scientific Instrument, Shandong, China), at \(-\)80 \({}^{\circ}\)C, under 1 Pa, for 24h to acquire a xerogel. The resultant xerogels were placed in an alumina crucible and kept in a quartz tube furnace (Nanda Instrument, Nanjing, China), to experience the pyrolysis and carbonization. The tube was heated to 400 \({}^{\circ}\)C, at a heating rate of 5 \({}^{\circ}\)C/min and kept firstly at 400 \({}^{\circ}\)C, in air for pyrolysis for 2 h, and then at 400 \({}^{\circ}\)C for 2 h, under the atmosphere of a flowing N\({}_{2}\) for carbonization. After cooling down to ambient temperature in N\({}_{2}\) atmospheres, the derived product was washed with the distilled water and ethanol, to eliminate the impurities and dried at 100 \({}^{\circ}\)C in the electric oven (PuDong Rong-Feng Scientific Instrument Company, Shanghai, China) in air. The final sample was denoted as SFO@C-400. SFO@C-350 and SFO@C-450 were synthesized by a similar method, but with different calcination temperatures (350 and 450 \({}^{\circ}\)C). SFO was prepared by thermal annealing of the xerogels at 600 \({}^{\circ}\)C, in air, for 2 h.
## 1 Introduction
### Reference PD Pulses and Pulsating Noise Trains
#### 2.1.1. PD Pulse Trains in GIS, Cable Systems, and AIS under HVAC Stress  
A general database of at least 2000 different PD pulse trains of each representative insulation defect in GIS, cable systems, and AIS was created over more than a year by means of laboratory tests. These tests were carried out in small test cells, in which only one isolated defect was generated. Each PD pulse train consists of at least 800 PD events to be able to generate a recognisable representative PRPD pattern.  
For each defect, 97.5% of the total recorded PD pulse trains were used for training AI recognition tools, and the remaining 2.5% (50 pulse trains) were reserved to select a small database of reference PD pulses (10 pulse trains for each defect), to be used for the PD recognition test. The pulse trains are synchronised with a sinusoidal voltage signal proportional to the high voltage applied. This voltage signal is available at the output of a synthetic PD emulator, together with the PD pulse signals to be used for the qualification tests. The 10 reference PD pulse trains of each insulation defect were selected as the most representative ones by means of a round-robin test, in which four expert PD technicians of the following institutions participated: the TSO REE, the Polytechnic University of Madrid (UPM), the research testing laboratory LCOE-FFI, and the company specialised in on-line PD diagnosis of high-voltage girds APMACIMON. Only PD pulse trains whose PRPD patterns were correctly classified by the four expert technicians were selected. PRPD patterns of 10 reference PD pulse trains are shown in Table 1.
## 4 Results and Discussion
### Aerodynamic Heat  
When the radiosonde is equipped with a temperature sensor for in situ temperature measurement in near space, it drops when it reaches a certain position along with the space-based platform and accelerates to descend under the action of gravity. Through Matlab software simulation, when dropping at the height of 70 km, the initial speed was set as 100 m/s, and the change in the falling rate of the radiosonde is shown in Figure 11.  
It can be seen in the figure that the speed of the radiosonde reaches the maximum at 61.72 km, which is 310.35 m/s, and then the speed gradually decreases. Table 1 shows the velocity, atmospheric temperature, air pressure, and other parameters during the fall of the sounding device using Matlab.  
ANSYS Fluent was used to analyze and study the aerodynamic heat field generated by the radiosonde during its high-speed descent. According to the environmental parameters at different altitudes in Table 1, the aerodynamic heat field distribution of the radiosonde at different altitudes was studied, and the altitudes of 60,000 m, 50,000 m, 40,000 m, and 30,000 m were selected as the study objects.
# Establishing Reference Data for Electromyographic Activity in Gait: Age and Gender Variations
## 2 Materials and Methods
### Statistical Analysis  
We used the SPM technique (version: M.0.4.10) implemented in MATLAB [18] to compare the EMG envelopes of each muscle across age and gender groups throughout the gait cycle. This method treats the data as continuous time series, maintaining the temporal structure of muscle activation patterns during the entire cycle. SPM(t) evaluates the data at every time point within the gait cycle, detecting significant differences between age groups (children vs. adults) and gender groups (males vs. females). The results (SPM[t]) reveal the specific regions of the gait cycle where statistically significant differences occur, emphasizing phases where age and gender notably influence muscle activation. SPM provides a more detailed and holistic analysis of time-dependent variations in muscle activity by eliminating the need to divide the gait cycle into predefined phases.  
Following the SPM analysis for the effects of age and gender, gait and spatiotemporal (ST) parameters were examined using repeated-measures MANOVA, with the significance level set to \(p\) = 0.05. The normality of the dataset was checked using the Shapiro-Wilk test. Furthermore, the interaction effect between age and gender on EMG features was also assessed using repeated-measures MANOVA, followed by post hoc analyses with Bonferroni correction, adjusting the significance level to \(p\) = 0.0125. In the case of variables showing a significant interaction effect, the effect size (Cohen's f2) was calculated to quantify the magnitude of the observed differences. Additionally, to determine the minimum sample size required for establishing an EMG reference dataset that accounts for the influence of both age and gender on the patterns, we used G*Power software (version 3.1.9.7; Heinrich-Heine-Universitat Dusseldorf, Germany: [[http://www.gpower.hhu.de](http://www.gpower.hhu.de)]([http://www.gpower.hhu.de](http://www.gpower.hhu.de)), 20 November 2024). The test family was set as F tests, with the statistical test defined as \"MANOVA: Special effects and interactions\", an alpha level of 0.0125, and a power of 0.8. The highest calculated effect size was included in the analysis to ensure robust sample size estimation. The number of groups was set to four, since we had two gender groups \(\times\) two age groups, and the number of predictions was set to three (age, gender, and interaction).
# Routing Protocols for UAV-Aided Wireless Sensor Networks
## 1 Introduction
### Contribution of the Study  
In this article, the routing protocols for UAWSNs are comprehensively and extensively reviewed and then qualitatively compared with each other. The challenging research issues in the design and implementation of the routing protocols are also discussed. The main contributions of this paper are as follows:  
* A comprehensive and comparative review of the routing protocols for UAWSNs is provided. To the best of the authors' knowledge, this is the first attempt at providing a comparative study of the emerging area.
* The existing routing protocols for UAWSNs are systematically classified on the basis of the underlying routing mechanism. In this paper, the 21 existing routing protocols in UAWSNs are categorized and extensively reviewed in terms of protocol characteristics and operational principles.
* The routing protocols are qualitatively compared in terms of routing metrics and policies, various features, and performance factors. This tabular qualitative comparison may help engineers and researchers to select the most suitable protocol based on their needs. Furthermore, all the existing protocols are critically investigated with regard to their advantages and disadvantages. In addition, performance metrics, optimization criteria, and application areas are comparatively discussed.
* Finally, important open research issues and challenges are summarized and discussed, which will be helpful in designing and implementing a new routing protocol.
## 5 Conclusions  
The main advantage of the global navigation Galileo system is that it is civilian and not military. There is a hope that it will not be disabled for civilian users during military or political conflicts as it happened in the case of GPS and GLONASS systems. However, Galileo signal is more powerful than the GPS ones despite of 3 thousand kilometers bigger distance to its satellites than for GPS satellites.  
The detailed studies have shown that although the Galileo system is not yet fully operational, currently it can be used to perform geodetic measurements in the real time with the centimeter accuracy. However, this is limited to the certain strictly defined time windows to which the user must currently adapt. For the place of performed tests, it was demonstrated that within 6 consecutive days the constellation of Galileo satellites made it possible to perform measurements for a time period from 18.75% to 49.31% of a day. And the size of the time window in which measurements were possible ranged from 10 min to a maximum of 5 h. The convergence time of the receiver up to the specified accuracy of \(\leq\)0.05 m for the individual measuring sessions varied and ranged from 10 s to 10 min 10 s. The systematic measurement errors for horizontal coordinates reached the range (\(-0.017\) m\(\rightarrow\)0.031 m) and for the height (\(-0.007\) m\(\rightarrow\)0.033 m). They can be caused by the discontinuities in observations. However, due to the fact that the Galileo system is just being built, it is not possible to eliminate such systematic errors. In various places on the globe, these errors can reach different values, e.g., depending on the discontinuity time span. Studies have shown that the Galileo system may already be useful in the real time positioning.  
All research was done by [PERSON] The article was prepared and developed by [PERSON].  
The article was created as part of the statutory research the Department of Geodesy, University of Agriculture in Krakow, No. 3356/KG/2018.  
The author declares no conflict of interest.
## 2 Materials and Methods
### Cell Viability Assays  
Three-dimensional bioprinted DAOY and HUVEC cells' viability was assessed over time (24, 48 and 72 h post printing) by using LIVE/DEAD(tm) Cell Imaging Kit (488/570) (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA, USA), which allows for the visualization of live (green) and dead (red) cells. Briefly, the constructs were washed once with PBS, and Live/Dead reagent was added in a 1:1 ratio with phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) for 15 min at room temperature. Constructs were then observed with a Zeiss Axio Observer inverted fluorescent microscope using FITC and TRITC filters. Images were taken using the Zeiss ZEN PRO software, and live and dead cells lying in the same fields were manually counted. Three constructs were analyzed for each bioprinters, and at least 500 cells were counted/constructed. Cell viability was calculated as the percentage of live and dead cells on the total count and data were normalized to the unprinted cells' viability (T0) for comparison.
# Adhesion Behavior between Multilayer Graphene and Semiconductor Substrates
## 4 Conclusions  
By applying a constant vertical upward velocity to the topmost layer of graphene, the exfoliation processes of one-layer to ten-layer graphene were observed using molecular dynamics, and the bonding mechanism of graphene on an Si semiconductor substrate was clarified. The critical exfoliation velocities, adhesion forces, and adhesion energies were obtained. In two-layer and three-layer graphene systems, there were two critical exfoliation velocities. For the two-layer graphene system, the critical V\({}_{\text{up}}\) values were 5.2 A/ps and 12 A/ps, respectively. For the three-layer graphene system, the critical V\({}_{\text{up}}\) values were 6.98 A/ps and 10.16 A/ps, respectively. In these two systems, graphene layers cannot be exfoliated when the velocity is less than the first critical V\({}_{\text{up}}\). However, applying a relatively lower V\({}_{\text{up}}\) in the range between the two critical exfoliation velocities can achieve the separation of the total number of graphene layers together. Applying a faster V\({}_{\text{up}}\) beyond the second critical exfoliation velocity can only peel off the topmost layer. If the graphene layer number was four to ten, only the topmost layer could be exfoliated from the Si substrate at given velocities. The adhesion forces of one-layer to ten-layer graphene systems were in the range of 25.04 nN-74.75 nN and the adhesion energies were in the range of 73.5 mJ/m\({}^{2}\)-188.45 mJ/m\({}^{2}\). These findings are consistent with the experimental results previously reported in the literature, indicating the reliable bond strength.  
[PERSON] and [PERSON] established and calculate the MD model; [PERSON] wrote the paper, [PERSON] modified the paper.  
This research was funded by [the National Natural Science Foundation of China] grant number [U1505244 and 51805425], [the National Natural Science Foundation of Shaanxi] grant number [2018]Q5018], and [the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities] grant number [kj2018046].  
The authors declare no conflict of interest.
# Research on the Characteristics of Seepage Failure in the Surrounding Rock (Coal) of the Goafs
## 3 Results and Discussion
### Analysis of Permeability Variation Causes  
The initial permeability of coal samples is closely related to their internal fracture structures. Coal samples with low initial permeability typically have fewer primary fractures and more intact structures, thus exhibiting better water-blocking ability [34]. During the seepage process, the hydraulic action on the fracture structure caused the detachment of coal chips, which blocked the seepage channels and led to fluctuations in permeability. This phenomenon is notably evident in the experimental results of M-6. And the detachment of coal fragments could obstruct flow channels and cause variability in permeability readings.  
In addition, when confining pressure is increased and then restored, the permeability increases, indicating the formation of new fractures under disturbance, leading to enhanced permeability. This finding demonstrated that the application and subsequent reduction of confining pressure could cause pre-existing microfractures to propagate and connect, forming new pathways for fluid flow [34,36,37]. Thus, coal samples with high initial permeability have more primary and mining-induced fractures and poorer structural integrity, resulting in relatively lower water-blocking ability.  
Under the combined action of external force and hydraulic pressure, the fractures in coal samples gradually extended and connected, forming macroscopic fractures and resulting in a significant increase in permeability. Therefore, increasing confining pressure causes the internal fractures of coal samples to gradually close, narrowing the seepage channels and thereby reducing permeability. This is particularly evident in the experimental results of M-4, where increased confining pressure led to a significant decrease in permeability due to fracture closure.
# Towards Flexible and Cognitive Production--Addressing the Production Challenges
## 4 Cognitive Assembly Balancing  
The thorough planning and configuration of assembly systems is critical for manufacturers maximizing the production efficiency and profit [16]. The assembly line balancing problem (ALBP) is an optimization issue dealing with the partitioning of assembly work among stations with respect to prioritized objectives [17]. Rapid assembly balancing is of utmost importance for meeting the ever-changing market demands and mitigating the effects of supply disruptions. Currently, most solutions of the ALBP rely on the assembly precedence graph, a directed acyclic graph describing all the dependencies between assembly tasks. Due to the lack of this necessary input data in real industrial settings, the majority of the proposed solutions to the ALBP remain inapplicable [18]. This data are often outdated, incomplete or altogether unavailable. The creation and maintenance of the ever-changing precedence relations require extensive time and effort [19]. As an example, in the automotive and related industries (including our industry partner), the experts rely on their tacit knowledge of precedence relations to manually create an assembly line balance [20]. In [21], the authors design cognitive assistance systems in manual assembly and use the so-called quality function deployment (QFD). In their research, [PERSON] et al. introduce six phases, where a cognitive assistance system is developed by iterating through the phases. In the approach, many factors are considered, such as the workers' information needs. As suggested by [PERSON] et al. there should be several replications of case studies, where many different assembly configurations, employees, quantities, complexities, and products are applied. In this work, we deliver data for results and data for another case study, which adds to these prior investigations regarding to automating assembly processes.  
To this end, [PERSON] et al. in [22] proposed an approach assisting in the manual assembly balancing by providing station assignment recommendations without relying on the precedence relations. This approach is based on historical data from prior assembly balances (Figure 2) of different products and derives station assignment information based on calculated similarities among tasks.  
For each assembly task, the recommender system suggests a station assignment. The recommendations are based on similarities to tasks in prior assembly balances with similar products (those belonging to the same product family for example). The evaluated results of the recommendations for assembly line balancing are over 91%, and with precision on the other hand, is valued on average at 82%. Hence, this approach can be utilized for building a cognitive assembly line with a great variety of products.
# Micro-Satellite Systems Design, Integration, and Flight
## 4 Attitude Control System (ACS) Development
### Attitude Control
#### 4.3.4 The Hardware  
After the software simulation stage was completed by the ACS code, the hardware ACS could be tested. Software was first used to confirm that the ACS actuation matched the controller's outputs for different scenarios and to check that the plant model behaved in reality as expected by theory.
# No-Reference Blurred Image Quality Assessment by Structural Similarity Index
## 2 Related Works  
FR IQA methods are usually used to get quantitative evaluation of image quality. For example, PSNR is a classical FR IQA that measures the difference between the maximum and minimum grayscale of the image, which is simple to achieve but cannot accurately simulate the HVS. Another popular FR metric SSIM [1] takes the advantage of mathematical convenience and matching to known characteristics of the HVS but suffers from a lack of pristine reference images. To avoid the requirement of the referred undistorted images, NR IQA algorithms are researched for applications when the referred undistorted images are unavailable. According to their capability, NR IQA algorithms can be divided into distortion-specific and holistic models. In the following, we survey NR IQA algorithms that target blur, compression, and several holistically operated models.