## 3 Results
### Dance Injuries  
Dance injuries data for all time points is presented in Table 2. The percentage of injured dancers pre-COVID-19 during regular dance routines was somewhat higher than in post-COVID-19 (61.3% vs. 52.4%, respectively), but was not statistically significant. Seventy percent of the injuries originated in the lower extremities, with the knee and ankle being the most common site for dance injuries. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{l c c c c c c c} \hline \hline  & Right & \multirow{2}{*}{21.58} & \multirow{2}{*}{6.18} & \multirow{2}{*}{22.14} & \multirow{2}{*}{4.81} & \multirow{2}{*}{\(-0.86\)} & \multirow{2}{*}{4.43} \\
**Heel-Raise** & & & & & & & \\ \cline{3-8}  & Left (repetitions) & 23.74 & 6.10 & 22.90 & 3.94 & \(-1.81\) & 4.14 \\ \hline
**Push-Up (repetitions)** & & 8.65 & 8.97 & 12.38 & 9.87 & 2.00 \({}^{*}\) & 3.49 \\ \hline  & Total score & \multirow{2}{*}{50.31} & \multirow{2}{*}{6.22} & \multirow{2}{*}{49.43} & \multirow{2}{*}{6.73} & \multirow{2}{*}{\(-1.21\)} & \multirow{2}{*}{5.35} \\
**Chester Step Test** & & & & & & & \\ \cline{3-8}  & Fitness rating & & & & & & \\ \cline{3-8}  & (3, 2, 1) & \multirow{2}{*}{2.14} & \multirow{2}{*}{0.69} & \multirow{2}{*}{2.05} & \multirow{2}{*}{0.59} & \multirow{2}{*}{\(-0.16\)} & \multirow{2}{*}{0.50} \\ \hline  & Passive right & 47.97 & 7.64 & 48.24 & 7.32 & 0.81 & 2.02 \\ \cline{3-8}  & Passive left & 48.16 & 7.81 & 48.62 & 7.27 & 1.14 \({}^{*}\) & 1.71 \\ \cline{2-8}
**Hip ROM (degrees)** & & Functional TO & 119.19 & 15.56 & 114.81 & 14.40 & \(-4.52\) & 10.50 \\ \cline{2-8}  & Compensated TO & 23.06 & 19.25 & 17.95 & 19.25 & \(-6.48\)\({}^{*}\) & 11.99 \\ \hline
**b. Physical test results by gender** & & & & & & & \\ \cline{3-8}  & & & & & & & \\ \cline{3-8}  & & & & & & & \\ \cline{3-8}  & & & & & & & \\ \cline{3-8}  & & & & & & & \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**Sargent Jump**} & Height (cm) & 36.43 (4.62) & 42.8 (10.28) & 0.09 & 35.92 (4.64) & 45.00 (7.55) & 0.008 \({}^{*}\) \\ \cline{2-8}  & \% of height & 22.24 (2.62) & 24.1 (5.72) & 0.35 & 21.92 (2.54) & 25.33 (4.24) & 0.05 \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**Heel-Raise**} & Right & \multirow{2}{*}{22.05 (6.37)} & \multirow{2}{*}{20.6 (5.97)} & \multirow{2}{*}{0.54} & \multirow{2}{*}{23.25 (4.43)} & \multirow{2}{*}{20.67 (5.15)} & \multirow{2}{*}{0.25} \\
**Heel-Raise** & & & & & & & \\ \cline{3-8}  & Left (repetitions) & 23.48 (6.02) & 24.3 (6.57) & 0.74 & 23.25 (3.14) & 22.44 (4.98) & 0.68 \\ \hline
**Push-Up (repetitions)** & & 3.76 (3.25) & 18.9 (8.50) & \(<\)0.001 \({}^{*}\) & 6.08 (5.07) & 20.78 (8.32) & \(<\)0.001 \({}^{*}\) \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**Chester Step Test**} & Total score & \multirow{2}{*}{48.21 (5.00)} & \multirow{2}{*}{54.3 (6.58)} & \multirow{2}{*}{0.02 \({}^{*}\)} & \multirow{2}{*}{47.58 (5.30)} & \multirow{2}{*}{51.89 (7.93)} & \multirow{2}{*}{0.18} \\
**Chester Step Test** & & & & & & & \\ \cline{3-8}  & Fitness rating & \multirow{2}{*}{2.11 (0.66)} & \multirow{2}{*}{2.2 (0.79)} & \multirow{2}{*}{0.75} & \multirow{2}{*}{2.08 (0.29)} & \multirow{2}{*}{2.00 (0.87)} & \multirow{2}{*}{0.79} \\
**(3, 2, 1)** & & & & & & \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**Hip ROM (degrees)**} & Passive right & 47.86 (7.40) & 48.2 (8.52) & 0.91 & 48.58 (7.04) & 47.78 (8.09) & 0.81 \\ \cline{2-8}  & Passive left & 48.48 (7.42) & 47.5 (8.95) & 0.77 & 49.50 (6.92) & 47.44 (7.97) & 0.55 \\ \cline{2-8}  & Functional TO & 118.71 (14.38) & 120.2 (18.61) & 0.83 & 116.75 (14.34) & 112.22 (14.91) & 0.49 \\ \cline{2-8}  & Compensated TO & 22.38 (20.07) & 24.5 (18.33) & 0.77 & 18.67 (23.18) & 17 (13.62) & 0.84 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}  
* Pre- and post-COVID-19 refers to the period before and after the COVID-19 pandemic outbreak; it does not refer to the virus infection and its effect on a specific dancer, but to the pandemic effect on the overall training program for all dancers. Chester Step Test fitness rating: 3—Excellent, 2—Good, 1—Average; ROM—range of motion; Functional TO—turnout in first position; Compensated TO—functional minus bilateral passive turnout (TO). \({}^{*}p<0.050\).  
\end{table}