# Graphic Model for Shop Floor Simulation and Control in the Context of Industry 5.0
## 1 Introduction  
Industrial development has had an enormous impact on European society [1]. Since the first industrial revolution, industry has been the engine of European prosperity.  
The concept Industry 4.0 (i4.0), coined in Germany in 2011 [2], describes how the industry will use technology to better cope with a changing world and economy. The special requirements for a \"green production\" and carbon-neutral and energy-efficient industry are part of the i4.0 concept.  
China has identified how to apply the concept in its context. The government initiative \"Made in China 2025\" is directly inspired by i4.0, focusing on revitalizing China's manufacturing industry in the process of soft change.  
A survey presented by Deutsche Bank in 2014 [3] suggested the adoption of i4.0 as the \"factory manufacturer of the world\". Professor [PERSON] describes in [4, 5] how i4.0 fundamentally differs from previous industrial concepts, characterized primarily by technological advances.  
The European Commission presented the Industry 5.0 (i5.0) [6] concept in which the ability of the industry to achieve social goals beyond employment and growth is recognized as a resilient source of prosperity. Production respects our planet's limits, and the workers' well-being is now at the heart of the production process. It complements the existing i4.0 paradigm, where research and innovation will drive the transition to a sustainable, human-centered model and a resilient European industry. There is a shift from an exclusive focus on shareholder value to stakeholder value.  
As highlighted in the [6] document, adopting i5.0 requires new technologies. However, the replacement of equipment has repercussions in the volume of investment and, consequently, in the consumption of natural resources.  
The use of Business Process Model and Notation (BPMN)-based [7] models (e.g., [8; 9; 10]) or Petri-nets-based ones (e.g., [11; 12; 13; 14]) has been proposed for performing simulations and for integration with the physical equipment in the industry.  
This paper contributes an architecture and a presentation of a functional model that implements a _Holonic Manufacturing System_ (HMS) architecture. The 15.0 guidelines inspire the architecture. The model is intended to be used to perform simulations or connect with existing equipment and enable, enabling Cyber-Physical System (CPS) interactions. It thus allows for the reuse of the current machine park to make the adoption more sustainable. Simulations were performed and their results are presented to demonstrate the model's usefulness.  
The structure of this paper is as follows: in Section 2, related work is presented, namely holonomic architectures and technologies for CPS modeling. The proposed architecture is described in Section 3, which is followed by Section 4, presenting the use case and the technologies used in the proposed model. Section 5 provides a detailed explanation of the model components. The model execution is described in Section 6. The simulations are described in Section 7, followed by their result and discussions presented in Section 8. The final Section 9 presents the conclusion.