## 4 Discussion
In addition, the detected phyla of Firmicutes, Chlamydia, Acidobacteria, Verrucomicrobia, Chlorobi, Planctomycetes, Fusobacteria, Nitrospirae, and Spirochaetes were also reported in other Vitis studies [7; 11; 18]. Patterns of microbiome divergence among cultivars became evident, and the majority of Vitis microbiomes grouped close to the lower part of the plot (Figure 3). Interestingly, Vertzami, Cardinal, Soultania, and Syrah cultivars formed a distinct group. Similar patterns of microbe divergence were also detected in other studies with different cultivars [4; 62]. Moreover, the results of Venn diagrams revealed that Limniona hosted unique bacterial genera ranging from 40 to 72% of the total taxa when compared to Victoria and Grenache, respectively. Considering free-living microbes, it is well documented how geography and environment shape microbial community structure. In vineyard ecosystems it was recently demonstrated that microbial variability correlates with the geographic location of the cultivars, environmental characteristics and agronomic systems [63; 64]. In a recent biogeographic investigation, geographic distance and environment appear to be important factors shaping _Vitis_ associated _Saccharomyces cerevisiae_ diversity [65]. In our study, geographic distance was not a factor controlling microbial diversity, because all cultivars were from the same vineyard. Interestingly, the genotype of the cultivars appeared to have a drastic impact on the bacterial community, influencing the fitness of certain _V. vinifera_ associated microbes. The detected genera (_Hymenopterabacter, Massilia, Frigoribacterium, Sphingomonas, Pseudomonas, Pedobacter, Pantoea_, etc.) in the vineyard are known to have distinct beneficial and pathogenic roles. For instance, among _Pseudomonas_ spp., _Ps. putida_ had a presence of 11% among the other species of this genus and is known for its growth-promoting role [66; 67]. Moreover, _Ps. fluorescens_ (12%) and _Ps. aeruginosa_ (0.02%) suppress different pathogens [68; 69]. However, other _Pseudomonas_ spp. such as _Ps. viridiflora_ (15%) and _Ps. syringae_ (0.4%) [68; 69] are known for their pathogenicity. Only _Massilia timonae_ was detected in this study, which is known for its plant-growth-promoting and protection in the rhizosphere and seed surface [70]. _Massilia_ taxa have been reported in the phyllosphere of different plants, including lettuce and apple [71; 72; 73; 74; 75]. Moreover, the genus _Sphingomonas_ generally acts as a plant-protective by suppressing disease symptoms and decreasing pathogen growth [53]. Researchers have demonstrated that the leaf bacterium _Sphingomonas_ spp. can protect plants against the leaf-pathogenic _Ps. syringae_ through substrate competition [74]. Also, _Sphingomonas_ spp. are known for their plant growth-promoting through the production of plant growth-stimulating factors [75]. However, _S. melonis_ was described as the causative agent of the brown-spot disease of yellow Spanish melons (_Cucumis melo_) [76] and was also detected with a presence of 97% among the other species of this genus. Furthermore, members of _Pantoea_ act as biocontrol agents or plant-growth promoters [75], including _Pantoea agglomerans_ (95%). This species works against different pathogens like _Erwinia amylovora_, causing fire blight disease of pear and apple fruit trees [77]. Some economically important bacterial genera such as _Agrobacteriumrium_, _Acetobacter_, _Gluconobacter_, _Pediococcus_, _Lactobacillus_ spp. were observed in trivial abundance. Although no observable effect is anticipated during this stage of the grapevine lifecycle, they might later be inoculants for the grapevine itself or its products, causing economic losses if the conditions are suitable. From our study, it is evident that can tissues host both beneficial and pathogenic taxa, with important economic implications in viticulture. Thus, the dynamics of beneficial and pathogenic taxa through seasonal grapevine growth remain unclear. Future studies should investigate _V.