# A Velocity-Aware Handover Trigger in Two-Tier Heterogeneous Networks
## 4 Experiments and Analysis
### Simulation Analysis  
The execution assessment of after effects of the proposed approach are dealt with using two distinct plans. The first is RSS MIH-PMIPv6, where handover decision-making is performed according to the RSS employing MIH-assisted-PMIPv6 for mobility administration. The second system, RSS-MIH, performs handover decision-making in view of the RSS supported by MIH for handover administration. The main features of the systems studied are exhibited in Table 2. This investigation of the framework achievement is expected to guarantee that the novel framework yields an improvement in handover performance. Based on Figure 7, we can notice that at a moderate velocity, there is no extremely significant HOF rate. In any case, as the velocity grows, the HOF rate also grows. However, it grows in accordance with rate in the two other systems. This can be supported using the guidance of MIH standard for our proposed approach, which yields suitable tools for the sheltered use of the new proposed handover triggering technique. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{l l} \hline \hline
**Parameters** & **Values** \\ \hline Cell layout & 1 eNB, 6 APs \\ Propagation model & Range propagation loss model \\ LTE coverage & 500 km \\ WiFi coverage & 90 m \\ Mobility model & Random walk \\ Velocity & Urban (11 m/s, 25 m/s) \\ Packet size & 120 bytes \\ Number of UE units & 30 \\ Number of mobile UE units & 21 \\ Simulation time & 700 s \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 1: Simulation parameter values. Figure 6: Heterogeneous network topology. Recognizing the AVAR of RSS values, the UE will check its velocity and then the \((\Delta t)_{lifetime}\) is revived. This framework causes the UE to prognosticate the handover procedure, which implies that UE will not be out of scope while the handover process is running. The delayed consequences of numerical examination show that a too-high movement rate of the UE will cause it to achieve a too-late handover process. Certainly, for a velocity equivalent to 24 m/s, the HOF rate can meet the request of 11%, while this proportion increases to 12.5% and 14.5% with the RSS-MIH-PMIPv6 and RSS-MIH plots, respectively. This can be interpreted by the UE moving in the cell edges; since the UE's movement is unpredictable, we can resolve this in an urban situation using an ideal organization of AP location. Table 3 shows the framework asset usage rate for the LTE and the WiFi networks. The rate of asset use is examined with respect to the UE velocity. In fact, an expansion in velocity pushes the mobile UE to pick the given LTE services. The UE rapidly leaves the Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) network, which is defined by a restricted radio coverage, as opposed to the LTE network. Such outcomes can be judged as eminent outcomes and reflect a refinement in radio asset performance that keeps up with the simulation reproduction. The reason behind this improved \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{l c c c} \hline
**Main Characteristics** & **RSS-MIH** & **RSS-MIH-PMIPv6** & **Proposed Scheme** \\ \hline Supports handover in different technologies & ✓ & ✓ & ✓ \\ Considers the variation velocity & x & x & ✓ \\ Updates the lifetime of the UE & x & x & ✓ \\ Gives the UE the possibility of finishing handover properly & x & x & ✓ \\ Manages environment data for decision-making & ✓ & ✓ & ✓ \\ Involves transparent mobility management for the UE & x & ✓ & ✓ \\ Is a proactive and intelligent triggering system & x & x & ✓ \\ \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 2: Main features of the studied schemes. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{l c c c c c c c c c c c} \hline
**Velocity (m/s)** & **11** & **12** & **13** & **14** & **15** & **17** & **18** & **19** & **20** & **21** & **23** & **24** \\ \hline LTE & 19\% & 20\% & 21\% & 25\% & 29\% & 30\% & 39\% & 42\% & 49\% & 50\% & 65\% & 70\% \\ WiFi & 81\% & 80\% & 79\% & 75\% & 71\% & 70\% & 61\% & 58\% & 51\% & 50\% & 35\% & 30\% \\ \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 3: Mobile user equipment (UE) behavior in HetNets according to velocity.