###### Abstract  
To investigate the erosion and deposition evolution characteristics of the Xinqiman-Kelelik reach along the main stem of the Tarim River, this study analyzed river channel dynamics and planform morphological changes using Landsat satellite imagery (1993-2024) and hydrological data (water discharge and sediment load) from gauge stations. The results show that the thalweg line swings indefinitely in the river. The thalweg length increased by 29 km, while the mean channel width decreased by 0.28 km. The sinuosity index rose from 1.95 to 2.34, indicating a gradual intensification of channel curvature. The north bank is in a state of siltation, while the south bank is in a state of erosion. The riverbank exhibited an overall southward migration. The farmland area in the study area increased from 1510 hectares in 1993 to 5140 hectares in 2024. During this period, the thalweg near the water-diversion shuice continuously shifted toward the shuice side. To ensure flood protection safety for farmlands and villages on both banks, as well as ecological water diversion, river channel regulation and channel pattern control should be implemented. T 2025 15 69720016 10 June 2025 17  
investigation of the Tarim River by the Xinjiang Comprehensive Investigation Team of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, and studied the issues of water resources, soil salinization and wind prevention and sand returning in the Tarim River. Analysis of historical river-channel changes and oasis evolution can be performed using ancient texts like \"_Commentary on the Water Classic_\" and \"_Records of Rivers in the Western Regions_\", along with ancient maps. Historical documents are an important basis for analyzing river channel changes and oasis evolution in historical periods. As [PERSON] [5] and [PERSON] [6] have pointed out, [PERSON]'s \"_Commentary on the Water Classic_\" systematically recorded the origin, hydrological characteristics and flood events of 1252 rivers in China in the 6 th century, which provided a reference for the study of early river conditions and changes. In particular, the flood information recorded is the key evidence for the analysis of river diversion. [PERSON]'s \"_Records of Rivers in the Western Regions_\" takes 11 lakes in the Western Regions as the outline, and combs in detail the waterway network of western Gansu and Xinjiang in the Qing Dynasty. Its record of Lop Nur becoming a \"moving lake\" due to the change of river diversion water volume, as well as the textual research on the relationship between the water systems of the Danghe River and Sulehe River and Haranur, provides direct and precious historical data support for understanding the change of river channels in the arid region of Northwest China and the succession of terminal lakes and oases (such as Loulan and Dunhuang). These two classic geographical works, through detailed textual records, laid a core foundation for later generations to use ancient books to analyze historical hydrological and geographical changes. The reconstruction of ancient river-channel evolution and identification of climatic impacts can be performed via geological-section and sediment-analysis techniques. Geological profiling and sediment analysis are the core technical means to reconstruct the evolution of ancient rivers and identify the impact of climate change. [PERSON] et al. [7] provided a classic example for the study of the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River. Through the systematic analysis of the geological structure of the river valley, they successfully revealed the fundamental control of different types of geological structures on the plane shape and evolution mode of the river channel, and laid a methodological foundation for the inversion of the ancient river-channel shape by using the geological profile. Since the 1980s, with the widespread use of remote-sensing images (e.g., Landsat and MODIS) and GIS technology, research has achieved dynamic monitoring of multiple elements across the entire river basin.