# Advanced Sensor Integration and AI Architectures for Next-Generation Traffic Navigation
## 2 Materials and Methods
### Data Collection, Integration and Processing  
The process begins with users reporting their desired destinations by specifying waypoints using precise latitude and longitude coordinates. By allowing users to input geographical coordinates, the system ensures high accuracy in route planning and accommodates diverse starting points and destinations across various regions. To obtain alternative routes between the specified waypoints, we utilized TomTom's routing API, which provides comprehensive data for route optimization. The API was configured to handle the latitude and longitude coordinates provided by users, ensuring that the generated routes accurately reflect the intended travel paths. The API requests were meticulously formatted to include the latitude and longitude coordinates of the user-specified waypoints. This precise formatting allows the API to accurately interpret the desired start and end points and intermediate waypoints. Additionally, traffic data were enabled by setting the appropriate parameters within the API call, allowing the system to factor in real-time traffic conditions when generating route alternatives. Each API request was constructed to include up to three alternative routes for each set of waypoints. This multiplicity of options allows users to choose the most suitable route based on their preferences and current road conditions. Including traffic information ensures that the estimated travel times are adjusted dynamically to reflect congestion levels, thereby enhancing the route suggestions. Figure 1 presents the overall diagram of \(GRQlk\). The user provides the geographical points. For each alternative route generated by the TomTom API concerning the geographical points provided by the user, a wealth of data was retrieved to facilitate comprehensive route analysis. The primary data points include:  
* Geographical Points (GP) comprise a detailed list of latitude and longitude coordinates defining the route's path provided. These points are for mapping the road and performing further spatial analysis, such as assessing proximity to potholes or other hazards;
* Total Distance (\(TDi_{k}\)) for route \(k\) provides users with an understanding of the length of each proposed route, allowing for comparisons based on distance alone;
* Estimated Travel (\(ET_{k}\)) Time for route \(k\) estimates the distance and current traffic conditions, offering a realistic projection of how long the journey is expected to take;
* Traffic Delay (\(TDe_{k}\)) for route \(k\) quantifies the additional time incurred due to traffic congestion, providing insight into the impact of traffic on overall travel time;
* Road Safety (\(RSa_{k}\)) for route \(k\) evaluates the safety by analyzing factors such as accident reports and traffic incidents. It assesses the likelihood of encountering hazardous conditions, ensuring that the chosen route minimizes risks and enhances traveler safety;
* Road Sensitivity (\(RSe_{k}\)) for route \(k\) refers to the condition and quality of the road surface along the route, specifically focusing on the presence of potholes. This component maps pothole locations using precise latitude and longitude coordinates collected from the ESP32-MPU6050 sensor. By analyzing the density and distribution of these potholes, Road Sensitivity evaluates how the road's physical state may impact driving comfort and vehicle safety. Routes with lower pothole densities are preferred to ensure a smoother and safer driving experience. The \(GRQlk\) is calculated for route \(k\) using Equation (1). It incorporates \(TDi_{k}\), \(ET_{k}\), \(TDe_{k}\), \(RSa_{k}\), and \(RSe_{k}\) to compare the value between routes, helping users assess the best one. TomTom is a leading global provider of navigation and mapping products, offering a wide range of services that cater to both consumer and enterprise markets. The TomTom Routing API supports calculating multiple alternative routes.