esa-sceva/satcom-chunk-collection huggingface dataset:
## 2 Materials and Methods  
### Materials  
Thirty limestone blocks collected from different regions of Iran were studied (Figure 1). Some photomicrographs of the studied samples are represented in Figure 2. The locations, formation ages, and petrographic classification [31; 32] of the studied limestones are summarized in Table 2. Among the studied formations, Asmari is the youngest, which belongs to the Oligo-Moocene era, while Jamal is the oldest formation with the age of early Gzhelian to Asselian. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{l c c c c} \hline \hline
**Empirical Relation** & **Rock Type** & \(\mathbf{R^{2}}\) **(\%)** & **Units** & **Reference** \\ \hline \(\mathrm{K_{IC}}=0.00035\ \mathrm{V_{P}}-0.18\) & Granite and marble & 64 & \(\mathrm{K_{IC}}\) (MPa m\({}^{1/2}\)), \(\mathrm{V_{P}}\) (m/s) & [27] \\ \(\mathrm{K_{IC}}=0.00071\ \mathrm{V_{S}}-0.29\) & Granite and marble & 44 & \(\mathrm{K_{IC}}\) (MPa m\({}^{1/2}\)), \(\mathrm{V_{S}}\) (m/s) & [27] \\ \(\mathrm{K_{IC}}=2.45\ p-5.19\) & Granite and marble & 26 & \(\mathrm{K_{IC}}\) (MPa m\({}^{1/2}\)), \(\mathrm{\rho}\) (gr/cm\({}^{3}\)) & [27] \\ \(\mathrm{K_{IC}}=-0.5\ n+1.7\) & Granite and marble & 36 & \(\mathrm{K_{IC}}\) (MPa m\({}^{1/2}\)), \(\mathrm{n}\) (\%) & [27] \\ \(\mathrm{K_{IC}}=3.21\ p-6.95\) & Different types & 91 & \(\mathrm{K_{IC}}\) (MPa m\({}^{1/2}\)), \(\mathrm{\rho}\) (gr/cm\({}^{3}\)) & [28] \\ \(\mathrm{K_{IC}}=0.45\ \mathrm{V_{P}}-0.58\) & Sedimentary and igneous rocks & 55 & \(\mathrm{K_{IC}}\) (MPa m\({}^{1/2}\)), \(\mathrm{V_{P}}\) (Km/s) & [29] \\ \(\mathrm{K_{IC}}=0.9\ \mathrm{V_{S}}-1.06\) & Sedimentary and igneous rocks & 60 & \(\mathrm{K_{IC}}\) (MPa m\({}^{1/2}\)), \(\mathrm{V_{S}}\) (Km/s) & [29] \\ \(\mathrm{K_{IC}}=0.0037\ e^{0.0022}\ \mathrm{\rho}\) & Sedimentary and igneous rocks & 54 & \(\mathrm{K_{IC}}\) (MPa m\({}^{1/2}\)), \(\mathrm{\rho}\) (Kg/m\({}^{3}\)) & [29] \\ \(\mathrm{K_{IC}}=-0.8111\ \mathrm{V_{P}}+1.7901\) & Sandstone & 79 & \(\mathrm{K_{IC}}\) (MPa m\({}^{1/2}\)), \(\mathrm{V_{P}}\) (m/s) & [23] \\ \(\mathrm{K_{IC}}=0.000361\ \mathrm{V_{P}}-0.332\) & Sandstone & 92 & \(\mathrm{K_{IC}}\) (MPa m\({}^{1/2}\)), \(\mathrm{V_{P}}\) (m/s) & [25] \\ \(\mathrm{K_{IC}}=0.0006147\ \mathrm{V_{S}}-0.5517\) & Sandstone & 90 & \(\mathrm{K_{IC}}\) (MPa m\({}^{1/2}\)), \(\mathrm{V_{S}}\) (m/s) & [25] \\ \(\mathrm{K_{IC}}=0.000054074\ \mathrm{V_{P}}+0.3876\) & Shale & 56 & \(\mathrm{K_{IC}}\) (MPa m\({}^{1/2}\)), \(\mathrm{V_{P}}\) (m/s) & [25] \\ \(\mathrm{K_{IC}}=0.0001021\ \mathrm{V_{S}}+0.349\) & Shale & 64 & \(\mathrm{K_{IC}}\) (MPa m\({}^{1/2}\)), \(\mathrm{V_{S}}\) (m/s) & [25] \\ \(\mathrm{K_{IC}}=0.0995\ \mathrm{I_{S50}}+1.11\) & Sedimentary rock & 45 & \(\mathrm{K_{IC}}\) (MPa m\({}^{1/2}\)), \(\mathrm{I_{S50}}\) (MPa) & [30] \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 1: Some empirical relationships between \(\mathrm{K_{IC}}\) and index properties. Figure 1: Main sedimentary structural zones of Iran (modified from [PERSON] 2004 [33]) and the location of the studied rock samples.
# Modeling of Vessel Traffic Flow for Waterway Design-Port of Swinoujscie Case Study
## 3 Results
### Average Speed in the Fairway  
Vessel speeds are constantly changing in the approaching fairway. The average speed for each type of vessel at each crossing gate was calculated. As can be seen in Figure 6a, the average speed varied between 8 kn and 14 kn. The speeds of OPT and GC vessels are comparable, but significantly higher speed values can be seen for the PAS vessel. The different speed selection for different vessel classes resulted from the manoeuvring characteristics of the vessels. Passenger ships (ferries) had excellent manoeuvrability. Compared to GC or OPT ships, it took less time to reduce speed. The second factor is that the navigators on PAS ships were familiar with local waters and special conditions and could guide the ships through busy areas. The masters were Pilotage Exemption Certificate owners, so there was no reason to reduce the speed for pilot embarkation.  
Figure 6b shows the histogram of ship speed for three groups of ships on the N5 leg. The speed varied from 5 kn to 18 kn. Only a few ships navigated at a speed of less than 5 kn or more than 18 kn. Most vessels do not navigate at full speed, and vessels can be expected to change speed during the passage depending on the situation. Vessels with draughts \(T\) greater than 10 m navigate at a reduced speed in the range of 4 kn-8 kn, as shown in Figure 7.  
Figure 5: (**a**) The mean and (**b**) standard deviations of ship position for consecutive legs N1 to N9.  
Figure 6: (**a**) Average speed of an incoming vessel; (**b**) Histogram of vessel speeds on N5 for three groups of ships.
## Materials and Methods
### Isolation and Cloning of M. canadensis McJAZ Family Genes  
The isolation of _M. canadensis McJAZ_ genes were performed as described previously [88]. In short, the transcriptome data (SRP132644) of _M. canadensis_ was downloaded from the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI, [[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/)]([https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/)), accessed on 20 March 2020). The well-known 12 _A. thaliana_[34], and 9 _A. annua_ JAZ protein sequences were downloaded from TAIR ([[https://www.arabidopsis.org/](https://www.arabidopsis.org/)]([https://www.arabidopsis.org/](https://www.arabidopsis.org/)), accessed on 20 January 2021) or the annotated _A. annua_ genome [89], respectively. Then, each of them was employed as queries to search for JAZ proteins in _M. canadensis_ protein databases by the local BLASTP method with an e-value of 1 \(\times\) 10\({}^{-5}\). The screened sequences were submitted to ORF Finder ([[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/orffinder](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/orffinder)]([https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/orffinder](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/orffinder)), accessed on 15 March 2021) to gain the complete coding sequences, and the candidate sequences were subjected to SMART ([[http://smart.embl-heidelberg.de/](http://smart.embl-heidelberg.de/)]([http://smart.embl-heidelberg.de/](http://smart.embl-heidelberg.de/)), accessed on 25 April 2021) tools with default parameters to substantiate the existence of the conserved TIFY and Jas domains [33], and determine their precise positions. The candidate _McJAZ_ gene sequences with both TIFY and Jas domains were selected for further analysis.  
To clone the _McJAZ_ genes, the young leaves of two-week-old _M. canadensis_ were collected for RNA extraction using the reagent Trizol (Cat\({}^{\#}\) 9108, Takara Biomedical Technology (Beijing) Co., Ltd., Beijing, China), and cDNA was synthesized using PrimeScript RT reagent Kit with gDNA Eraser (RR047A, Takara Biomedical Technology (Beijing) Co., Ltd., Beijing, China). The candidate _McJAZ_ genes were amplified using PCR with defined primers (Supplemental Table S2) in a 25 \(\upmu\)L volume including 1 \(\upmu\)L 5x cDNA template,0.5 \(\upmu\)L of each forward and reverse primer, 5 \(\upmu\)L 5x PrimeSTAR DNA Polymerase buffer, 2 \(\upmu\)L PrimeSTAR\({}^{\circledR}\) DNA Polymerase, and 16 \(\upmu\)L sterile ddH\({}_{2}\)O. The amplification procedure was as follows: 95 \({}^{\circ}\)C for 10 min followed by 35 cycles of denaturation for 15 s at 95 \({}^{\circ}\)C, annealing at designated temperature for 20 s, and extension at 72 \({}^{\circ}\)C for 1 min per kilobase (kb). Subsequently, the full-length coding sequences of _McJAZ_ genes were gel-purified using Gel DNA Mini Purification Kit (TSINGKE Biotechnology, Beijing, China), and the purified amplicons were ligated with pClone007 Blunt Simple vector (TSV-007B, TSINGKE Biotechnology, Beijing, China), and then the resulting products were transformed into _Escherichia coli_ DH5\(\upalpha\) and sequenced in TSINGKE Biotechnology Co., Ltd (TSINGKE Biotechnology, Chengdu, China).
## 3 Results and Analysis
### Deviation Magnitudes by Causes of Deficiency
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c} \hline \hline  & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Causes of Deficiency**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**Frequency n = 25**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Affected**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Unaffected**} \\ \cline{3-6}  & & **SD** & **CD** & **SD** & **CD** \\ \hline C\({}_{10}\) & Lack of experience of the planner & 15 (60.0\%) & 128.0\% & 26.2\% & 47.8\% * & 6.5\% * \\ \hline C\({}_{6}\) & Deficient estimation of material quantities & 14 (56.0\%) & 136.0\% & 27.9\% & 52.4\% * & 7.2\% * \\ \hline C\({}_{16}\) & Omission of road markings in planning & 14 (56.0\%) & 151.8\% & 23.9\% & 36.5\% & 11.3\% * \\ \hline C\({}_{13}\) & Omission or deficiency in the definition of work packages (WBS) & 12 (48.0\%) & 122.4\% & 30.1\% & 97.4\% * & 10.8\% * \\ \hline C\({}_{3}\) & Deficient coordination with public utilities (water, sanitary, electrical, and other surface or subway networks) & 10 (40.0\%) & 79.0\% & 15.4\% & 184.6\% & 33.7\% \\ \hline C\({}_{9}\) & Inadequate exploration of existing site conditions & 10 (40.0\%) & 127.1\% & 15.8\% & 136.6\% & 33.3\% \\ \hline C\({}_{22}\) & High complexity of construction work & 10 (40.0\%) & 73.9\% & 29.2\% & 189.8\% & 20.0\%* \\ \hline C\({}_{4}\) & Inadequate estimation of permit acquisition durations & 8 (32.0\%) & 104.1\% & 16.2\% & 225.5\% & 45.3\% \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 5: Cost and schedule deviations magnitudes by causes of deficiency. site conditions (C\({}_{9}\)), is closely related to the previous one and is present in almost all the same projects. Its average schedule deviation was 127.1% and 15.8% in cost. This cause was identified through reports mentioning unexpected elements or conditions not noted during field visits. The seventh cause, the high complexity of construction work (C\({}_{22}\)), primarily impacted projects due to the difficulties encountered during execution. Although this cause can be mitigated during the planning stage, the inherent complexity of the projects led to unforeseen limitations or conditions not experienced in other projects. These difficulties resulted in average variations for affected projects of 73.9% in schedule and 29.2% in cost. Lastly, the cause of inadequate estimation of permit acquisition durations (C\({}_{4}\)) was the most prevalent in the analyzed projects. Affected projects reported an average schedule deviation of 104.1% and 16.2% in cost. These last four causes do not show a direct relationship in the magnitude of schedule and cost variations between affected and unaffected projects. This is because most projects, although presenting more than one cause, share different causes. Therefore, while these individual causes generate significant variations in affected projects, other causes or combinations of causes can result in even more important variations in unaffected projects. These combinations will be analyzed in the following section.
## 4 Results and Discussion
Energy saving in the range of 16,2% (building B) to 23,6% (building A). It can be assumed that the differences in achieved savings may result from different curtain wall structures, where in building A prefabricated elements based on reinforced concrete were used, while in building B prefabricated elements based on aerated concrete. The values of calculated time constants of buildings 78 h for building A and 62 h for building B also prove it. Comparing the obtained results with the data presented in the literature, where the obtained savings amount to about 13-14% [16; 17; 20], it can be stated that the application of weather-controlled central heating system in buildings made in the prefabricated technology (which have been thermally improved) gives better results, which, depending on the applied technology of making curtain walls, can give the average energy savings of about 20%. The total energy savings achieved as a result of the thermal improvement combined with the modernization of the heating system are presented in Table 7. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c} \hline \multirow{3}{*}{**Year**} & \multicolumn{6}{c}{**Building**} \\ \cline{2-7}  & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**A**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**B**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**C**} \\ \cline{2-7}  & **AFE\({}_{\%,ES,d}\)** & **FE\({}_{\%,ES,d}\)** & **AFE\({}_{\%,ES,d}\)** & **FE\({}_{\%,ES,d}\)** & **AFE\({}_{\%,ES,d}\)** & **FE\({}_{\%,ES,h}\)** \\  & **[kWh-m\({}^{-2}\)-Year\({}^{-1}\)]** & \%** & **[kWh-m\({}^{-2}\)-Year\({}^{-1}\)]** & \%** & **[kWh-m\({}^{-2}\)-Year\({}^{-1}\)]** & \%** \\ \hline
2013 & & & & & 7,3 & 7,7 \\
2014 & 16 & 21.6 & & & 28,4 & 29,9 \\
2015 & 18,6 & 25,3 & 9,3 & 12 & 38,1 & 39,9 \\
2016 & 18,1 & 24,5 & 12,4 & 15,8 & 34,2 & 35,9 \\
2017 & 12,4 & 16,7 & 7,2 & 9,3 & 35 & 36,8 \\
2018 & 20,3 & 27,6 & 16,9 & 21,8 & 36,1 & 37,9 \\
2019 & 19,5 & 26,3 & 17,3 & 22,3 & 37,8 & 39,8 \\ \hline average & 17,5 & 23,6 & 12,6 & 16,2 & 30,9 & 32,5 \\ \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 6: The impact of the introduction weather controlled central heating system on the reduction of energy consumption in the building. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c} \hline \multirow{2}{*}{\(\text{FE}_{\%,ES,tot}\)} & \multicolumn{3}{c}{**Building**} \\ \cline{2-4}  & **A** & **B** & **C** \\ \hline total savings achieved, \% & 40,7 & 37,5 & 37,5 \\ \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 7: Total energy savings achieved through thermal improvement of buildings and of the introduction weather controlled central heating system. Buildings, that have undergone comprehensive thermal upgrading measures can achieve energy savings on heating of about 37% to 41%.
# Securing IPv6 Neighbor Discovery Address Resolution with Voucher-Based Addressing
## 5 Discussion
### Implementation Feasibility and Transitioning Networks  
It is unrealistic to assume that VBA would be deployed simultaneously across all the nodes in a local network because not every active node will receive compatibility at the same time. It is safe to assume--based on the past adoption trends of other specifications--that most devices will never achieve operable VBA support. Therefore, VBA comes predefined with an ability to operate in an intermediate environment where its full support is lacking. The three factors driving these built-in transition mechanisms are (1) Interface Enforcement Mode options for each participating interface, (2) localized changes to NDP occurring mostly in the software logic and not to the protocol itself, and (3) processes that do not require complex interactions between neighbors. The second factor is the primary basis for the feasibility of VBA across independent operating systems and platforms: it is left to per-platform implementations to adopt VBA per their own software requirements and capabilities.  
A pure IPv6 local network using the AGV IEM across its nodes will simply not be able to communicate bidirectionally with any node(s) lacking VBA support. For example, bidirectional traffic between a non-VBA node with dynamic addresses and an AGV IEM network gateway will be dropped at the gateway due to its binding verification requirement. In the case of dual-stack local networks, IPv4 traffic can be used as an insecure failsafe protocol when the connecting nodes are explicitly aware of a route in both protocol stacks, such as between a host and a gateway router. The Happy Eyeballs algorithm from RFC 8305 [35] specifies a connection methodology that simultaneously attempts IPv4 and IPv6 connections, preferring IPv6 communication where possible. For local networks using and enforcing the AGV mode, the IPv6 network will appear unavailable and broken to non-VBA node(s). Thus, they might desirably fall back to using available IPv4 connections instead. This strict strategy will permit a degree of insecure communication with non-VBA nodes wherever IPv4 traffic is allowed.  
Local IEMs on nodes communicating directly with incompatible neighbors can be adjusted to better accommodate the lack of verifiable bindings. For example, a VBA-enabled node corresponding with a neighbor running an antiquated networking stack might opt to use the AGVL IEM. Doing so would allow the VBA node to strongly prefer Secured devices for the rest of the network, such as the default gateway, while still accepting Unsecured NDAR traffic that does not contain any superseding Secured responses. In the case of a subnet router for a network with mixed VBA support, using the AGVL IEM can again prove very advantageous for the sake of accommodation. Figure 14 shows how these interactions in a mixed network might look. Assuming most nodes can use VBA and a few cannot, only those few nodes will remain at risk of neighbor spoofing attacks. This is the most viable transition strategy for the full adoption of VBA over time.
# Review and Development Trend of Digital Hydraulic Technology
## 4 Features and Advantages of Digital Hydraulic Technology
### Advantages and Challenges of Digital Hydraulic Technology  
By integrating the technical features of parallel digital hydraulic system and high-speed switching digital hydraulic system, it can be seen that digital hydraulic technology has unique advantages over traditional hydraulic technology.  
* Digital hydraulic technology directly adopts the digital signal to control without D/A conversion, which simplifies the control mode; makes the signal data storage, processing and transmission more convenient; and has stronger disturbance rejection ability, which is helpful for improving the robustness of the system.
* The digital hydraulic system has a better integration and programmability which can improve the application and maintenance performance of the system. It also facilitates networking of the system.
* The performance of the system depends on the control of the combination state of components rather than the performance of individual components. Therefore, simple and reliable components can be widely used to improve the robustness and fault-tolerance performance of the system.
* The digital hydraulic system avoids the use of proportional and servo components, and it improves the anti-pollution performance.  
Figure 24: Hydraulic stepping actuator: (**a**) Mechanical design of the test rig; (**b**) Detail view of the Hydraulic Stepper Unit; (**c**) Position repeatability for various strokes and load forces (**left**); position accuracy of the sensorless control (**right**).  
* It is easier to realize independent metering control. And because of the switching control mode, the system can reduce the throttle loss and improve efficiency.
* Digital hydraulic technology has obvious advantages, but there are also challenges to limit its application.
* The high frequency switching of the components can cause noise and pressure impact.
* The durability of high-speed switching hydraulic technology severely limits its application at present.
* The parallel digital hydraulic technology needs to use a large number of components, and such a situation would cause a dramatic increase in size and cost.
* A complex, unconventional control strategy would also bring difficulties to the application of digital hydraulic technology.
## AI-Enabled 6G Network Challenges
### Network Fault Management  
The latency, reliability, data criticality, and privacy challenges associated with 6G will be addressed using distributed AI in a distributed network. However, the network's dispersed structure will provide a number of challenges, most of which will be reliability-related. Because 6G networks would be widely dispersed, proper coordination of compute nodes will be a key reliability concern. To do this, successful communication protocols between those computer nodes are necessary, as well as an effective underlying network capable of handling the level of traffic generated by data storage and retrieval [33].
## 2 Theoretical Background  
### Ontology-Based Design Science Research (ODSR) Framework in Health Information Systems  
The urge for knowledge consolidation, data integration, and semantic interoperability is a crucial and essential requirement for developing modern, data-driven applications across various domains. As a result, the evolution of _Design Science Research_ (DSR) is urgently required to build contemporary _Information Systems_ (ISs) due to its value in integrating DSR with research in _ontology engineering_ (OE) within the health IS discipline [4,19]. In scholarly literature, practitioners have established fundamental key steps for applying _Ontology Engineering_ (OE) within the DSR discipline [21, 22, 23]. [PERSON] et al. [23] propose the _\"ontology model of DSR aspects of DSR document core ontology_ (_DSRDCO_)\" as a tool to support the model of the search and automatic summarization of DSR publications [4]. Additionally, the _Ontology-based Design Science Research_ (ODSR) framework improves the understanding, implementation, and assessment of data-driven artifacts across various domains, with a particular emphasis on healthcare [4]. The ODSR framework is developed by integrating existing frameworks for DSR [24] and ontology development within the IS discipline [25; 26]. The ODSR framework illustrates an iterative process that combines DSR activities and OE to develop new kinds of modern HIS (e.g., _conversational agents_), addressing challenges related to data integration, access, semantic interoperability, and data exchange across various industries, such as healthcare [4; 19]. In the healthcare sector, semantic technologies such as ontologies [27; 28] and VKG [4; 29] play a crucial role in tackling issues of data and semantic heterogeneity [28], facilitating knowledge integration and interoperability among heterogeneous HISs [30; 31; 32] and improving knowledge sharing issues within the healthcare domain [33].  
In order to address the challenges in the healthcare domain, ontologies offer a shared understanding of domain knowledge that can be communicated across individuals and between heterogeneous, distributed systems [4] within healthcare organizations [4; 34]. Ontologies provide a standardized representation of knowledge, ensuring precise and consistent data recording in a knowledge base. In healthcare, the existing medical ontologies such as _the Unified Medical Language System_ (UMLS), _Guideline Interchange Format_ (GLIF), _Generalized Architecture for Languages_ (GALEN), _International Classification of Diseases_ (ICD), and _Systematized Nomenclature of Medicine Clinical Terms_ (SNOMED-CT) [4; 35] serve as valuable tools to enhance access to the electronic patient record by offering a standardized common vocabulary for data access across various channels or sources [34].