## 2 GWO's Contribution in Reducing Active Power Losses in the Generation Stage
#### GWO and Reduction in Active Energy Loss by Determining the Best Allocation of DGs  
The optimal allocation of DG units in power systems contributes significantly to reducing active power. GWO was used to obtain the best place for DGs in the power system. To reduce power losses in the distribution system, DGs' size and location may be optimized while network reconfiguration is considered [33]. Based on HPSOGWO and LSF, an optimization approach (COT) is suggested to determine the optimum allocation of distributed generators in radial distribution networks, which combines PSO with GWO and the LSF to identify the best location. Specifically, the COT consists of two phases that must be performed for it to work properly. The loss sensitivity factor (LSF) is used to choose high-potential buses in the first stage, which reduces both the search area and processing time required. This decision was followed by a decision to have HPSOGWO supervise site and size selection for DGs in stage 2. The COT's ability to handle rising loads on a standard IEEE 33-bus has been investigated [34]. The DG is effectively integrated with the DS to prevent power loss to the greatest extent possible. When dealing with DNR, it is vital to optimize a non-linear and multi-modal function while keeping in mind the limitations of the existing reality. When reconfiguring the DS, it is possible to find the best switching site using the mGWO technique, resulting in the largest possible decrease in power loss [35]. By updating its position from a high value to zero, the grey wolf's location is determined to be in the search area, resulting in the optimal balance between intensification and diversity for picking the fittest function while also demonstrating quick and steady convergence. DG systems incorporated into distribution networks have grown increasingly widespread in recent years. A well-implemented system can reduce energy production's negative environmental implications. It is possible that poor distribution network design and management might undermine the network's dependability despite the many benefits that DG provides. Improperly connecting a distributed generating system to the power grid may result in power losses, unstable voltages, and the failure of critical control equipment. By figuring out the best place and size for adding new DG units to the network, an approach has been made to reduce these negative effects by lowering power losses and raising voltage profiles at the same time [36]. A wide range of load scenarios need the simultaneous and separate allocation of the right position and size of PV-based distributed generators and distribution static synchronous compensators (DSTATCOMs) in the radial distribution grid. GWO is a high-performance optimization approach that is used to solve the issue of PV-based DG and DSTATCOM allocation in IEEE 85-bus distribution systems. To minimize power loss, six different load levels are examined: 25%, 50%, 75%, 100%, 125%, and 150%. DSTATCOMs and PV-based DGs work well together, and the best-case scenario is to use PV units with DSTATCOMs to reduce power loss while still achieving decent results. For the PV and DSTATCOM allocation issues, the simulation results show the relevance and effectiveness of GWO [37]. Battery energy storage systems (BESSs) may be optimally scheduled with the use of the MIGWO model, which considers the extensive use of renewable energy sources, such as solar and wind, in active distribution networks. Consequently, four modifications to the traditional GWO technique are made to alter the balance between exploration and exploitation and, consequently, speed up the algorithm's convergence. In this study, model validity and performance are evaluated on 23 classical benchmark functions in this study, comparing findings with those obtained by using the original technique [38]. In line with [39], a study was carried out to see how well the given goal functions worked with traditional distribution methods (69 bus radial distribution systems).