## 3 Design Overview
### System Architecture
It is distributed at the edge of the network and can ensure low latency for analytical services. Therefore, NMRS does not have a significant impact on the performance of multipath transmission systems. The multipath service node provides users with the executive function of a data relay service. In the process of data transmission, the multipath service node can identify ICN data packets with multipath preference fields and change the destination address according to the destination EID query result in the ICN data packet. Then, the multipath service node reroutes and forwards the packet according to the new destination address. This paper uses a single-hop relay scheme because some studies have shown that using a single relay can provide performance close to that of using multiple relays [35; 36]. Therefore, the destination address changed by the multipath service node is the network address of the receiver. A large number of multipath service nodes provide more path choices for data transmission between different source and destination nodes. Multipath service nodes can be deployed in various ways, such as in key locations of the network through system configuration based on network topology information. Or, based on the self-decision ability of ICN nodes, nodes with low link bandwidth utilization and high data packet forwarding ability can register themselves to NMRS as multipath service nodes. The edge node is a logical entity that performs data sending and receiving along multiple paths. Edge nodes query the set of multipath service nodes corresponding to MPSID from NMRS, and establish a multipath forwarding information table locally according to the node selection strategy. In the process of data transmission, edge nodes can identify ICN data packets with multipath preference fields, and distribute data packets  
Figure 1: The structure of the multipath transmission system for ICN based on standalone name resolution. to different multipath service nodes according to the multipath forwarding information table stored locally and scheduling strategy to realize multipath transmission of data. The designed multipath transmission process is as follows:  
* Based on historical transmission information, ICN nodes with low-link bandwidth utilization and high data-packet forwarding capability can register the mapping of MPSID and NA to NMRS and become multipath service nodes. Similarly, when the processing capacity of the multipath service node is not enough to support multipath transmission, the mapping of MPSID to the local node NA is canceled to NMRS and becomes an ordinary ICN node. In addition, the deployment of multipath service nodes can also be through the ICN network control plane function, according to the network topology information to select the node at the key location of the topology to NMRS registration as a multipath service node. * The ICN edge nodes that support multipath services periodically query NMRS for the mapping of MPSID and multipath service node NAs to obtain a list of multipath service node NAs. According to the node selection strategy, the edge node selects multiple appropriate candidate nodes from the NAs' list of multipath service nodes and establishes or updates the multipath forwarding information table locally. * MPTS-ICN adopts a pull-based data communication mode. Compared with the push-based communication mode, the pull-based communication mode can support built-in multicast delivery, receiver-oriented congestion control and consumer mobility [37]. Consumers with multipath service requirements use the ID-based multipath transmission protocol described in detail below to send multiple NDC request packets to producers, and consumers set the preference field of the request packet as multipath preference. * After the producer receives the NDC request message with the multipath preference field, the preference field of the corresponding NDC data message is set to multipath preference and forwarded to the ICN edge node supporting multipath service.