# Integration of EMU Overall Design Model Based on Ontology-Knowledge Collaboration
## 7 Conclusions  
In conclusion, this paper proposes an ontology-knowledge collaborative-driven modeling approach based on the MBSE philosophy using SysML models as inputs. Through two case studies, this method is validated to support the overall design of an EMU, ensuring the systematic nature and traceability of the models. Additionally, the ontology model of the EMU architecture is constructed by combining GOPPRR and MDA. The KG utilizes the structured description of the ontology to organize data into a network, thereby enabling effective querying, analysis, and updating of information. In summary, the ontology-knowledge collaborative-driven approach to the overall design of an EMU demonstrated feasibility in the case study and showcased its effectiveness and advantages during implementation. B.W. : conceptualization, methodology, investigation, writing--original draft preparation; T.H. : coding, validation, data curation, investigation; L.Z. : conceptualization, methodology, validation, data curation; L.G. and K.W. : writing--review and editing. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript. The work is supported by the Tianjin Municipal Education Commission Research Program Grant \"Intelligent Recognition and Evaluation of Health Status of Rail Vehicle Transmission System Based on Deep Learning\" (Project No: 2020 KJ121), the Tianjin University of Technology and Education Research Initiation Grant \"Research on Digital Construction of MBSE Enabling Railway Vehicles\" (Project No: KRKC012215), and the Tianjin University of Technology and Education Research Initiation Grant \"Research on State Identification and Dynamic Operation and Maintenance Decision of High Speed Railway Train Control On-board System Driven by Data Model Knowledge Collaboration\" (Project No: KYQD202332). Not applicable. The data can be obtained from the corresponding author according to reasonable requirements. The data are not publicly available due to privacy. The authors declare no conflicts of interest. * [PERSON] et al. (2019) [PERSON]; [PERSON]; [PERSON]; [PERSON]; [PERSON] Application of Model-Based Systems Engineering in Aircraft Engine Control Design. _Sci. Technol. Rev._**2019**, _37_, 96-101. * [PERSON] et al. (2024) [PERSON]; [PERSON]; [PERSON]; [PERSON]; [PERSON]; [PERSON] Model-Driven Study of Intelligent Passenger Information System for Urban Rail Transit. In _Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering, Proceedings of the 6 th International Conference on Electrical Engineering and Information Technologies for Rail Transportation (EITRT) 2023, Beijing, China, 4 January 2024;_ Springer: Berlin/Heidelberg, Germany, 2024; Volume 1138, p. 1138. [CrossRef]
* [PERSON] et al. (2021) [PERSON]; [PERSON]; [PERSON] Research on EMU Vehicle Logic Based on MBSE. _China Railu. Sci._**2021**, _42_, 143-151. * [PERSON] and [PERSON] (2023) [PERSON]; [PERSON] Model-Based Requirement Analysis Method for Manned Space Engineering. _J. Syst. Eng. Electron._**2023**, _45_, 3532-3543. [CrossRef]
* [PERSON] et al. (2023) [PERSON]; [PERSON]; [PERSON]; [PERSON] Design Technology of Spacecraft Electrical System Based on MBSE. _Comput. Meas. Control_**2023**, _31_, 255-259. [CrossRef]
* [PERSON] and [PERSON] (2022) [PERSON]; [PERSON] Application of MBSE Technology in the Development of Manned Spacecraft in China. _Spaccer. Eng._**2022**, _31_, 69-75. * [PERSON] et al. (2021) [PERSON]; [PERSON]; [PERSON]; [PERSON] Development Method of Civil Aircraft MBSE Based on DoDAF. _J. Syst. Eng. Electron._**2021**, _43_, 3579-3585. * [PERSON] et al. (2022) [PERSON]; [PERSON]; [PERSON]; [PERSON] MBSE Modeling Method of Civil Aircraft Height Control System. _J. Syst. Eng. Electron._**2022**, _44_, 164-171. * [PERSON] et al. (2022) [PERSON]; [PERSON]; [PERSON]; [PERSON]; [PERSON]; [PERSON] Application of MBSE Technology in PHM of Flight Control System. _Foreign Electron. Meas. Technol._**2022**, _41_, 69-78. [CrossRef]
* [PERSON] et al. (2024) [PERSON]; [PERSON]; [PERSON]; [PERSON] Modeling of Flight Ground Support Process Decision Support System.