###### Abstract  
The purpose of this research was to investigate the shielding characteristics of high-amount heavy metal oxide and Eu\({}^{3+}\)-activated borate glasses based on 10 La\({}_{2}\)O\({}_{3}\)-5 OHMO-(40-x) B\({}_{2}\)O\({}_{3}\)-xEu\({}_{2}\)O\({}_{3}\) (x = 0, 0.5, 1, 2, and HMO = PbO, Bi\({}_{2}\)O\({}_{3}\)). Critical gamma radiation attenuation characteristics, particularly mass attenuation coefficients of investigated heavy metal oxide glass samples, were determined using Monte Carlo simulations and the Phy-x/PSD software. Following that, we looked at the half-value layer, mean free path, effective atomic number, and build-up factors across a broad energy range (0.015-15 MeV). According to the study's results, the addition of Eu\({}_{2}\)O\({}_{3}\) enhanced the mass attenuation coefficient and effective atomic number, while reducing the half-value layer, mean free path, and accumulation factors. In terms of gamma radiation attenuation, the LBi50 BEu glass system surpassed the LPb50 BEu glass system in terms of overall shielding properties against nuclear radiation. Additionally, the heavy metal oxide glass' efficacy as a neutron shield was determined using fast neutron removal cross-sections (\(\Sigma_{R}\)). LBi50 BEu2 glass was shown to be more effective in preventing the penetration of charged particle radiation. HMO glasses; nuclear radiation shielding; glasses; MCNPX +
Footnote †: journal: Physics Letters B  
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features of eco-friendly, very dense, and chemically homogeneous materials that could be utilized as a replacement for concrete and lead. Corrosion-resistant, biocompatible radiation shielding systems must be created that can be modelled into narrow, compact forms with outstanding structural integrity and endurance. Glass has been proven to be an efficient shielding material due to its transparency to visible light, ease of production, and ease of property change through composition and preparation techniques. Glasses are one of a kind in that they can handle a wide variety of elements. They can act as a shield against hazardous ionizing radiation because of this characteristic. Impurities in the form of metals were incorporated into regular glass to transform it into a radiation shield glass. This doping, especially with heavy metal oxides (Ba, Bi, Pb), enhances the glass' attenuation properties, making it ideal for shielding applications. Glass formers are oxides that serve as the structural backbone of the glass network and are needed for optimal operation. As potential substitutes, borate glasses and lead-free compounds with adequate chemical resistance, transparency, and radiation protection are being investigated [3]. Borate-based glasses have a higher melting point and resistance to temperature changes than other types of glasses. Because of their high solubility of rare earth ions, ease of mass production, and low cost, bore-based glasses are the greatest choice for developing new optical devices. Borate-based glass systems have good broad-band properties and demonstrate significant increases in luminescence intensity. Doping transition metal and rare earth ions into borate glasses improves optical transmittances, electric conductivities, thermal, and even magnetic characteristics [4; 5; 6]. Pb-based glasses are particularly fascinating due to their strong electrical conductivity, stability, and wide glass-forming range. Strong UV transmittances, low melting and glass transition temperatures, and great thermal stability are all advantages of Pb-based glasses [7; 8]. According to a study conducted by [PERSON] et al. [9], phosphate-based glasses are ideal for the fabrication of optical fibres and shielding material for radiation detection, among many other applications. [PERSON] et al. [10] conducted another significant study which revealed that doping glasses with erbium (Er) leads to an increase in the mass attenuation coefficient and a decrease in build-up factors and half-value layer.