## 9 Conclusions  
The global energy landscape is rapidly evolving, driven by the urgent need for sustainable and resilient energy solutions. As residential energy consumption continues to rise, integrating RESs and advanced HEMSs has become increasingly critical. This study introduced a state-of-the-art HEMS designed to incorporate PV, WTs, and hybrid backup storage systems, including hydrogen storage, batteries, and EVs with V2H technology. This study was conducted in Liaoning Province, China, and evaluated the performance of the HEMS across different DR scenarios with the goal of enhancing resilience, efficiency, and energy independence in green buildings. The successful application of DR programs, combined with RSA, further underscores the economic and environmental advantages of this approach. The analysis of the four DR scenarios, namely No DR, 20% DR, 30% DR, and 40% DR, revealed substantial improvements in energy management, cost efficiency, and system reliability. Implementing DR programs significantly reduced operating costs, with the 40% DR scenario achieving a 2.34% reduction in cumulative operating cost in comparison with the No DR scenario. Additionally, the integration of RESs with advanced backup systems such as BESS and HSS allowed for effective energy management, maintaining a low LPSP and promoting sustainability and energy independence. The key findings from this analysis are as follows:  
1. Implementing DR programs resulted in notable cost savings. The 40% DR scenario achieved the lowest cumulative operating cost of $749.09, reflecting a 2.34% reduction compared with the $767.07 cost in the No DR scenario. The 20% and 30% DR scenarios resulted in cumulative costs of $753.56 and $749.09, respectively. 2. The integration of RESs with advanced backup systems allowed for effective energy management. Batteries discharged up to 1004.42 W during peak demand, and FCs contributed up to 988.79 W. PV generation peaked at 910 W, and wind generation peaked at 880.1 W, optimizing renewable energy utilization and reducing grid dependency. 3. The system maintained a low LPSP across all scenarios, with the highest LPSP value recorded being 0.0010. This indicates high reliability in consistently meeting energy demands, even under varying conditions. 4. The HEMS significantly contributed to sustainability by encouraging the use of RESs and lowering greenhouse gas emissions. V2H technology further enhanced energy independence, enabling EVs to function as both transportation and mobile energy storage units. The system managed load demands ranging from 642.67 W to 1658 W efficiently. 5. The implementation of advanced optimization techniques, particularly the RSA, played a crucial role in enhancing the performance of the system. The RSA was benchmarked against another advanced optimization technique, demonstrating superior efficiency in managing energy resources and reducing costs. This study has primarily concentrated on the economic dimensions of the proposed HEMS, with a particular emphasis on reducing operating costs. However, it has limitations in exploring the full technological framework and integration of the system. Key components such as computers, transceivers, sensors, and other critical technologies were not examined in detail, which limits our understanding of the system's overall efficacy and practical implementation. Future work will address these gaps by providing an in-depth analysis of the technological components and their integration within the HEMS. Moreover, future research will incorporate methods to manage uncertainties in energy systems, such as probabilistic models or adaptive algorithms, and explore a stochastic bi-level optimal allocation approach for improving flexibility and stability. This approach will consider energy storage-sharing services to balance the interests of various stakeholders and mitigate the impact of electricity price uncertainties. This will involve a thorough examination of the system's configuration, operational methodology, and performance in real-world scenarios.