# Multiagency Modeling of Transformation Strategies Towards Sustainable Smart Cities
## 4 Possible Development of the Proposed Model  
A two-dimensional classification of smart cities based on their selected characteristics and implemented in an orthogonal (non-metric) coordinate system specified by the standards ISO 37120:2018, \"Sustainable Cities and Communities--Indicators for City Services and Quality of Life\" [22] and ISO/IEC 30146:2019, \"Information Technology--Smart City ICT Indicators\" [21] may serve as an exemplification of the two-dimensional model described in the previous section. In such a system, the x-axis represents the \"Quality of life\" and the y-axis the \"Level of ICT infrastructure\" so that not only is two-dimensional classification possible, but also an analysis of the interactions between particular characteristics. A much more interesting solution, however, is the three-dimensional model, which, in addition to the above-mentioned two axes defined by the ISO standards, also uses a third axis: the \"City's potential\" (Figure 4a). Figure 4: (**a**) Three-dimensional exemplary case. (**b**) Analogy of the RGB model. (**x**) City’s potential, (**y**) quality of life, and (**z**) information and communication technology (ICT) infrastructure. Figure 3: Transformation paths. The three dimensions, as shown in Figure 4a, are the following (the labels for the bullets below indicate the axes mentioned in the Figure):  
The x-axis represents the overall physical, institutional, juridical, and organizational potential of the city and its ability and openness to absorb innovative social and technical solutions. The city's potential also includes the so-called creative class (the \"creative class\" is a socioeconomic term introduced by [PERSON] to designate a class that is the main driving force behind the economic development of post-industrial cities) [23]. In this example the features that define this dimension are:  
* Technical infrastructure and utilities,
* Innovative economy,
* Participation culture/awareness,
* Personal mobility and flexibility,
* Transformation of governance structures towards e-governance,
* Level of qualification and competences of public administration,
* Transparency in law-making,
* Stability of regulations,
* Ease of doing business (e.g., level of taxes, quality of procedures). The y-axis represents quality of life. From the city dwellers' point of view it is the most important dimension of the city's characteristics. The following features describe this dimension:  
* Public safety,
* Availability and access to services such as health service, education, administrative services,
* Costs of living,
* Environment protection, optimized energy consumption,
* Culture, entertainment and tourism. The z-axis represents the level of ICT infrastructure, which includes the most important existing ICT infrastructure and the general purpose ICT-based solutions available to citizens and organizations of the city. It is important to take into account not only the ICT entities but also the level of its interoperability and synergy. The features characterizing this dimension are as follows:  
* Coverage of ICT systems,
* Quality of ICT systems and services,
* Level of interoperability and integration of ICT infrastructure and systems, including IoT (Internet of Things). It should be noted that the amount and extent of ICT technical infrastructure is not enough to characterize the city given its smartness level. As mentioned in Section 1, of particular importance is the existence and availability of components and networking of the infrastructure based on advanced mechanisms of data collection and analysis, artificial intelligence, and autonomous decision-making. In the authors' opinion, the necessary, but insufficient, condition for calling a city smart is its sustainable development. The sustainability aspect of smart city development manifests itself in the harmonized growth of the city's potential, the level of ICT development, and the quality of life indices.