# Smart Sensors and Smart Data for Precision Agriculture: A Review
## 4 Applications and Case Studies
In addition, the inclusion of a web portal improves accessibility for farmers by providing real-time information on water tank levels, water pump status, weather forecasts, and sensor measurements. This comprehensive approach aims to meet the challenges of water scarcity and time constraints associated with traditional irrigation methods in agriculture. In another [148] study, the authors highlight the demand for an automated telemetry system for irrigation, aligned with market interests in energy-saving and cost-effective solutions for agriculture. The proposed system features a favorable architecture characterized by minimal energy consumption, low management costs, scalability, forecasting capabilities, diagnostic features, and easy expansion, indicating substantial technical impact and marketing potential. The main objective is to implement an integrated solution for automation and telemetry in PA, prioritizing energy efficiency and taking advantage of the latest technologies on the market. The system involves comprehensive monitoring of crucial crop parameters and introduces an irrigation control automation system designed to reduce energy consumption. Telemetry processes are facilitated by an ADCON telemetry station, measuring field parameters, and transmitting data to the SCADA system via an RTU (Remote Terminal Unit) and communication server. Connection to PCs requires OPC connections via a gateway. Automatic control and regulation are carried out by PLCs (Programmable Logic Controllers) using control algorithms and command elements, with communication facilitated via GSM modules for network simplification. Fuzzy control algorithms calculated in MATLAB are transmitted to a PLC for implementation, facilitating fuzzy control. As part of the IoT, the SWAMP project addresses the imperative need for seamless integration of various technologies for smart and efficient water management in precision irrigation for agriculture. The authors of [149] describe pilot-based deployments of the SWAMP architecture, platform, and system in Brazil and Europe. The focus on replicability is evident, and scalability issues are addressed through performance analysis of FIWARE components. The Guaspari scenario, a simplified version of MATOPIBA, also highlights the adaptability of SWAMP architecture to different contexts. The Guaspari deployment includes a streamlined Fog Hub and a cloud-based IoT agent, optimizing the system's robustness against failures while providing insight into the potential trade-offs between robustness and connectivity. The study contributes to the understanding of IoT-based smart \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{l l l} \hline \hline \multicolumn{1}{c}{**Sensor Name**} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{**Parameters**} & **Reference** \\ \hline Sense H2 sensor & Hydrogen, Plant Wetness, Plant Temperature, and CO\({}_{2}\) & [142] \\ \hline MP406 sensor & Soil Moisture, Soil Temperature, Soil Dielectric Permittivity & [143] \\ \hline Cl-340 photosynthesis & Plant Moisture, Photosynthesis, Plant Wetness, Hydrogen level, Plant Temperature and CO\({}_{2}\) & [128] \\ \hline PTM-48A photosynthesis monitor & Plant Moisture, Photosynthesis, Plant Wetness, Plant Temperature and CO\({}_{2}\) & [144] \\ \hline YSI 6025 and YSI 6131 chlorophyll sensors & Photosynthesis & [145] \\ \hline HMP45C sensor & Air Humidity, Air Temperature, and Air Pressure & [146] \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 4: _Cont._water management, offering valuable insights for wider applications and addressing the challenges of scalability and adaptability in diverse agricultural contexts. The authors of [150] present an intelligent irrigation system, AREThOU5A, which exploits advanced technologies, including the IoT and machine learning, to revolutionize traditional agricultural practices. The innovative aspect lies in the integration of 5G networks and Radio Frequency Energy Harvesting (RF EH) into the IoT platform.