# Material Flow Optimization as a Tool for Improving Logistics Processes in the Company
## 2 Literature Review  
Material flow optimization is a fundamental aspect of logistics and supply chain management, focusing on improving efficiency, reducing costs, and enhancing resource utilization in production and distribution systems. While the terms supply chain optimization, warehouse efficiency, and facility layout optimization are frequently mentioned in the literature, it is essential to clarify their relationship to material flow optimization. Supply chain optimization encompasses a broader strategic approach, integrating procurement, production, and distribution processes to ensure seamless operations, whereas material flow optimization specifically addresses the movement and transformation of materials within a defined system, such as a factory or logistics center. Warehouse efficiency and facility layout optimization represent subcategories of material flow optimization, as they influence the internal movement of materials, storage strategies, and handling operations. This review focuses on methodologies and technological advancements that contribute directly to material flow optimization while acknowledging the interconnections with broader logistics and supply chain management concepts. The authors of [24] offer a comprehensive overview of supply chain management, discussing optimization techniques and material flow management models. Another study [25] emphasizes the importance of effective planning and coordination in logistics strategies to enhance material flows. Reference [26] highlights the role of modern modeling tools, such as simulations and linear programming, in designing efficient logistics systems. Lean manufacturing principles provide effective tools for optimizing material flow. The authors of [27] explore 5S (a methodology for workplace organization), SMED (single-minute exchange of die), and continuous flow, demonstrating their contributions to economic sustainability and the reduction in setup times in production systems. Reference [28], an online blog, outlines five steps for optimizing material flow, providing practical tips and examples from the automotive industry. The authors of [29] illustrate the use of lean tools in the horticultural sector to reduce cycle times, eliminate waste, and optimize workplace layouts. Facility layout and warehouse management play significant roles in material flow optimization. The authors of [30] present improvements to warehouse layouts at Magneti Marelli, enhancing efficiency through optimized distances between zones. In [31], the author introduces concepts of integrated handling systems to address inefficiency. The authors of [32] evaluate new layout configurations in a digital factory using 3D modeling, while the authors of [33] develop a genetic approach for optimizing single-loop material flow paths. Mathematical modeling and algorithmic approaches have been widely applied to material flow problems. In the paper [34], authors propose a mixed-integer programming model to optimize material flows and routes, offering managerial recommendations based on sensitivity analysis. In [35] applies the artificial bee colony algorithm to minimize operator travel distances in a manufacturing company, drawing parallels with the Vehicle Routing Problem. The authors of [36] introduced a decision support tool for analyzing by-product synergy networks using mathematical programming, demonstrating significant cost and environmental benefits. Advancements in Industry 4.0 technologies have transformed material flow optimization. Reference [37] presents the concept of digital twins, which enable real-time simulations through IoT (Internet of Things), big data, and cloud technologies. The authors of [38] integrate material flow simulations with automated guided vehicles (AGVs) and digital twins of manufacturing cells. The authors of [39] propose the implementation of kanban logic in material flow management, supported by simulation modeling.