# Advancing the State of the Fog Computing to Enable 5G Network Technologies
## 6 Use Cases of Fog Computing  
As the marketplace continues to deliberate how best to incorporate IoT devices with 5G networks. One of the most daunting tasks or issues is how fog computing can be leveraged to play a vital role in this process. Before understanding these roles, it is important to know the taxonomy of how fog computing enables IoT. Therefore, studying these taxonomies will better the understanding of fog architecture to refine requirements and the demonstration of fog values to customers. The concept of applying FC in IoT applications is imprecise, as described in an online web page published by Cisco blogs [41]. This webpage describes the applicability of Fog use cases in IoT with titled \"How we use Fog Computing: Vertical Markets, Use cases and application\" published on the 11 May, 2018 by '[PERSON].' It is better to broaden this concept into different taxonomies, namely verticals, applications, and use cases for precise and better understanding of how fog computing can be applied to IoT [41]. Verticals are entire domains of the Internet of Things marketplaces such as Network domains, Industries, or special classes of users [37]. Verticals have appropriate environmental regulatory policies, procedures, and protocols that are widely used. Some of the verticals pertinent to the domains of IoT and Fog computing include; Logistics, Smart building, Utilities/ Energy, Health care, Data centers, Agriculture, Government [7], Military, Residential, Ubiquitous Computing, Manufacturing, Oil, and Gas. The next phase of taxonomy is the Use cases. This phase is a subdivision of the verticals where every vertical is a segment of IoT that can be served as a single IoT platform. For instance, in the transportation vertical, there may be related use cases on autonomous vehicles [19], smart highways, smart railways, and many more. The interaction of the IoT network between use cases may be more within a single vertical than there is between verticals. An Organization that develops fog software or hardware for a specific use case within a vertical can often employ that expertise to perform another use case in similar vertical effectively. The third phase is the Application phase, which represents special hardware/software solutions that provides IoT capabilities for consumers/clients/customers. Using the transportation vertical as an example. The smart railway use case can employ applications like the cargo tracking signaling, Positive Train Control (PTC) safety system, crew communications, and others. The railway services may want to install some of the selected applications on its fog network, perhaps acquiring services from multiple suppliers. Applications may be an appropriate component to provide models for commercial use to establish an effective marketplace for fog. These include Google play store or iTunes App store but with a focus on IoT and fog apps. As the application marketplace develops, special developers with domain experience would begin to drive the exponential growth in IoT and fog software [41]. * **Remote monitoring for Oil and Gas operations:** Monitoring of Oil and Gas operations using state-of-the-art centralized data analytical approach to predict causes of downtime in operation or failure based on available trained datasets may not be the best approach to prevent disasters in oil and gas operations. However, setting up near-instant rules at an operations site that can analyze data and see signs of disaster before it happens to take adequate measures for prevention is needed. In this case, Fog computing fits-in since it is built on the edge with closer proximity to nodes where information is shared. It sees the sign of events, either normal or abnormal (disaster), and takes appropriate measures to prevent catastrophe before it starts. * **Retail customer behavior analyses:** FC can be used for near-instant analytical retailing to reduce cart abandonment as well as improve customer engagement. Sales data such as images, coupons, and so on provide an insight into customer behavior.