## 4 Results
### Analysis of the Driving Factors of Ecosystem Quality Change in Henan Province from 2010 to 2020
#### 4.3.1 Driving Factor Detection and Analysis  
Factor detection was used to detect the impacts of different driving factors on the ecosystem quality of Henan Province. When we used the factor detector to test the sig  
Figure 3: The trend variation of ecosystem quality in Henan’s counties: (**a**) the trend variation of ecosystem quality in Henan’s counties from 2010 to 2015; and (**b**) the trend variation of ecosystem quality in Henan’s counties from 2015 to 2020.  
nificance of the evaluation index and the ecosystem quality index, the \(p\) values were all 0, indicating that the driving factors selected in this study have sufficient explanatory power for ecosystem quality in Henan Province. The research results showed that the ecosystem quality of Henan Province was comprehensively affected by physical elements, socioeconomic elements, and policy adjustments from 2010 to 2020, and the different driving factors showed regional differences and overall consistency, as shown in Figure 5. In the seven domains of Henan Province, the explanatory power of socioeconomic factors for ecosystem quality was always the greatest, followed by that of physical elements, and the explanatory power of forestry engineering factors regulated by policies was the weakest. Figure 4: Changes in the gravity center of ecosystem quality in different domains from 2010 to 2020: (**a**) Taihang Mountain and Hill area; (**b**) the Loess Platform Hilly area; (**c**) Western Henan Mountain and Hill area; (**d**) Nanyang Basin area; (**e**) Tongbai Mountain and Hill area; (**f**) Yellow River Plain area; (**g**) Huai River Plain area; and (**h**) Henan Province. According to the analysis of the specific attributes of the driving factors, among the socioeconomic factors, the effect of GDP per square kilometer on ecosystem quality in Henan Province was slightly stronger than that of population density. Especially in the Taihang Mountain and Hill Area and the Loess Platform Hilly Area in the northern part of Henan Province, the effect of GDP per square kilometer on the regional ecosystem quality was particularly significant. Henan Province is located in the plain area of China, and the levels of economic development and population agglomeration are the main factors affecting the quality of the regional ecosystem. The natural environmental factors included relief amplitude (\(X1\)), land-use diversity (\(X2\)), temperature (\(X3\)), and rainfall (\(X4\)). Among these, the effects of relief amplitude and land-use diversity were significantly stronger in the mountains, hills, and basins than in the plains. From 2010 to 2020, except for the Yellow River Plain, the effect of terrain relief on the other regions' ecosystems quality continued to increase, and its effect was the weakest in Nanyang Basin, reflecting the complexity of the terrain in Henan Province, which has a certain protective effect for maintaining the relative stability of regional ecosystem quality. The diversity of land use showed obvious regional differences. In the Taihang Mountain Area and the Loess Platform Hilly Area in the north of Henan Province, and the hilly areas in the west and south of Henan Province, its influence was much stronger than on the Yellow River Plain and the Huai River Plain. In addition, for the plain areas, the impact of land-use diversity on ecosystem quality was second only to the average GDP and population density. This indirectly indicates that during 2010-2020, the urban development of Henan Province strongly disturbed the land cover in the mountains and hilly areas, which showed greater vulnerability to human land-use activities than in the plain areas. Throughout Henan Province, the annual average temperature had a stronger impact on the ecosystem quality than the annual average precipitation, and its influence increased steadily.