## 3 Results and Discussion
### Application to the Analysis of Samples from Different Cultivation Sites  
The present USAE was then applied to the quantification of phenolics in samples from three different local Bedi genotypes cultivated at three different locations in Eastern Morocco. In addition to the TPC, the concentration in protocatechuic acid, _p_-hydroxybenzoic acid, chlorogenic acid, and _p_-coumaric acid, reported as the main phenolic acids possibly accumulated in almond by-products [3; 5; 13; 18; 42; 44; 46], were also determined by HPLC after comparison with authentic commercial standards. Figure 4a shows a typical HPLC chromatogram, recorded at 325 nm, of the AOR extract obtained after USAE and showing the sepration of these four important phenolic acids: protocatechuic acid (1), _p_-hydroxybenzoic acid (2), chlorogenic acid (3), and _p_-coumaric acid (4) (Figure 4b). In order to quantify these four phenolic compounds in different samples, 6-points calibration curves of the peak areas (y) against the injected amounts (x) of protocatechuic acid and _p_-hydroxybenzoic acid at 295 nm and chlorogenic acid and _p_-coumaric acid at 325 nm were obtained with a linearity over wide ranges from 0.5 to 200 mg/L of injected solutions and \(R^{2}\) greater than 0.999 (Table 6). The LODs ranged from 0.12 to 0.22 mg/mL, and LOQ from 0.38 to 0.73 mg/mL, for protocatechuic acid and chlorogenic acid, respectively (Table 6). Figure 4: (**a**) Representative HPLC chromatogram (here with detection set at 325 nm) of an extract prepared by USAE of AOR (_Béldi_ cultivar) grown in the Ain Sfa (34°46°42.4° N, 002°09°28.9° W) pilot location in the eastern Morocco; (**b**) structures and their corresponding numbers on the HPLC chromatogram of the main phenolic compounds considered in this study: protocatechuic acid (1), _p_-hydroxybenzoic acid (2), chlorogenic acid (3), and _p_-coumaric acid (4). TPC ranged from 8.87 to 13.86 mg/g DW for extracts from samples AlN#1 and AlN#3, respectively; sample from genotype #3 cultivated at Ain Sfa being 56.25% richer in TPC than genotype #1 cultivated at the same location. The four quantified phenolic acids occurred for approximately 80% of the TPC. In decreasing contents: (1) chlorogenic acid was the main phenolic accumulated in the sample extracts with contents ranging from 5.29 \(\pm\) 0.12 to 8.14 \(\pm\) 0.10 mg/g DW for extracts from samples AlN#1 and AlN#3, respectively (sample from genotype #3 cultivated at Ain Sfa being 53.87% richer in chlorogenic acid than genotype #1 cultivated at the same location); (2) protocatechuic acid content ranged from 1.29 \(\pm\) 0.06 to 2.03 \(\pm\) 0.07 mg/g DW for extracts from samples AlN#1 and AlN#3, respectively; (sample from genotype #3 cultivated at Ain Sfa being 57.36% richer in protocatechuic acid than genotype #1 cultivated at the same location, corresponding to the highest observed variation range); (3) \(p\)-hydroxybenzoic acid content ranged from 0.75 \(\pm\) 0.03 to 1.13 \(\pm\) 0.02 mg/g DW for extracts from samples AlN#1 and samples AlN#1 and RIS#1 for the lowest content vs. sample AlN#3 for the highest content (sample from genotype #3 cultivated at Ain Sfa being 50.60% richer in \(p\)-hydroxybenzoic acid than genotype #1 cultivated both at Ain Sfa and Rislane); (4) \(p\)-coumaric acid content ranged from 0.21 \(\pm\) 0.04 to 0.30 \(\pm\) 0.02 mg/g DW for extracts from samples AlN#1 and AlN#3, respectively (sample from genotype #3 cultivated at Rislane being 42.85% richer in \(p\)-coumaric acid than genotype #1 cultivated at Ain Sfa, corresponding to the lowest observed variation range). The concentrations determined here for each phenolic compound were in the range of variations observed by [PERSON] et al. [18] for different varieties of almond byproducts from Italia and Tunisia. Extraction of phenolic compounds from a variety of oilcakes such as hemp, canola, linseed, black cumin, sesame, fennel, sunflower, rapeseed, amelina, or milk thistle has been reported [9; 11; 16; 17; 20; 21; 22; 24; 25; 26; 27].