# Development and Evaluation of Training Scenarios for the Use of Immersive Assistance Systems
## 3 Methodology
### Design of Experiment  
In the current study, participants were initially trained on how to use an immersive assistance system for measuring various reference dimensions. Afterwards, the subjects were asked to perform various tasks on a HoloLens2 (HL2; e.g., open a website, enter a promocode, etc. ), including the immersive measurement of several markers and reference objects in real space. Table 1 shows the subtasks of the respective system levels that the participants had to perform. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c} \hline
**OP** & **System Level** & **Subtask** & **MT** & **DT** & **OT** \\ \hline
01/15 & hardware & placing the HMD correctly on the head, start and shutdown the operating system & TP & P & AV \\ \hline
02/15 & & system login via user credentials & TP & P & AV + GLBD \\
03/15 & & screensharing via Miracast with a monitor & TP & P & AV + GLBD \\
04/15 & & connected with Wi-Fi & TP & P & AV + GLBD \\
05/15 & operation & starting the MS Edge browser application & NTBI & NTBI & NTBI \\
06/15 & system & entering URL to the website and & NTBI & NTBI & NTBI \\  & & ’promo-code’ & & & \\
07/15 & & closing the MS Edge browser application & NTBI & NTBI & NTBI \\  & & starting the research prototype & & & \\
08/15 & & ’PlanAR’ application & AV & P & AV + GLBD \\
09/15 & & user login via credentials & AV & P & AV + GLBD \\ \hline
10/15 & & opening hand menu dialog and activating the hand-ray measurement application & AV & P & P + GLBD \\  & & measuring the first reference via the & & & \\
11/15 & AR prototype app & hand-ray measurement application & AV & P & P + GLBD \\  & & measuring the second reference via the & & & \\
12/15 & & 'hand-ray’ measurement application & AV & P & P + GLBD \\  & & switching to the ‘Bounding-Box’ & & & \\
13/15 & & measurement feature and measuring the & AV & P & P + GLBD \\  & & physical reference asset & & & \\  & switching to the ’point-to-point’ & & & & \\
14/15 & & measurement feature and measuring & AV & P & P + GLBD \\  & & dedicated references & & & \\
15/15 & & close every application, shutdown the & & & \\  & operating system, and take off the HMD & & & & \\ \hline \end{tabular}  
* Footer: TP = text and picture; AV = annotated video; GLBD = guided learning by doing; NTBI = not trained but instructed.  
\end{table} 
Table 1: Overview of didactic concepts and scenarios of training related to subtasks, OP, and system levels. The research methodology implemented in this study is a between-subjects design. The performance of the subtasks was assessed using two dependent variables: operational progress and operational time, which were also used to calculate the new index. Acceptance was measured using the metrics derived from the UTAUT2 questionnaire [43]. Additional data were collected for further analysis, including the perceived workload as determined by the NASA TLX questionnaire [44] and physiological parameters to ascertain the level of stress (refer to technostress). Quality of Training (QoT): The independent variable in this study was the quality of training, which was partitioned into three levels: minimal, detailed, and optimised training. These levels can be characterised as follows:  
* Minimal Training (MT): the minimum training is a training scenario in an e-learning format, where a step-by-step tutorial consisting of a mix of text and picture descriptions is enriched with example videos. In addition, HL2's native 'Getting started' application 'Tips' was used for the interaction training to enable the user to study interactively. Each participant had the opportunity to internalise the tutorial as often and for as long as necessary. Table 1 shows the training content for the subtasks, the respective system level, and the corresponding QoT. This MT scenario as an insufficient quality of training should be considered as the training error. * Detailed Training (DT): with this type of training, a supervisor personally presented and explained the content (see Table 1) in detail to the participant.