## 1 Introduction  
The use of renewable energy is expanding globally due to resource availability and fluctuating energy prices, with efforts to mitigate the effects of climate change [1]. By 2015, its usage accounted for nearly 22% of the total energy consumed worldwide [2, 3]. Developed nations are advancing their use of renewable energy; for example, renewable energy sources are anticipated to produce adequate electricity in several US states over the following two decades [4]. Further, Africa as a continent presents the highest potential to be the first continent to base a major amount of its industrial and economic growth on clean and renewable energy sources [5, 6]. Unlikely other renewable energies, biogas is a promising solution since its characteristics are available and affordable to the local community. biogas is a renewable gaseous fuel that is generated through the breakdown of organic materials without the presence of oxygen in a process called anaerobic digestion [7]. Domestic biogas is made from animal excrement from cow, or pig dung, coupled with food waste, agricultural waste, and occasionally human exceta. biogas's major ingredients are methane (CH\({}_{4}\)) and carbon dioxide (CO\({}_{2}\)), representing 50-60% and 35-45%, respectively [8]. Rwanda's government has invested extreme efforts over recent years to encourage the adoption of biogas usage through various initiatives, including the construction of biogas digesers for local communities and the Girinka project (One Cow per Poor Family) [9], which has gradually increased cattle dung which is a major source of biogas in Rwanda. Figure 1 presents a report from the Rwanda Energy Group (REG) regarding the distribution of biogas plants in the local community until 2019. Despite various governments' support policies, these studies disclosed that the adoption and diffusion of biogas technology have been considerably low [10; 11]. This is not isolated to Rwanda; the lower adoption of domestic biogas technology has been recognized globally [12; 13]. These issues are not limited to technical challenges such as a lack of classification requirements, as well as insufficient raw materials, and a lack of precise technology for controlling the operating parameter. Several works of research on the parameters affecting the production of biogas in the anaerobic digestion (AD) process have increased in importance over the past few years. Feedstock characteristics, digester structures, continuous processing, operating, and environmental conditions present importance in biogas production [14]. Concerning environmental conditions, parameters including temperature, pH, moisture content, humidity, and pH presented a high impact during biogas generation [15; 16]. For example, [PERSON] et al. [17] discussed a lab-based experiment on the effect of temperature on biogas production during the hydrolysis stage. It presented the efficiency of production in the mesophilic environment [18]. [PERSON] et al. [19] detailed the contribution of pH for optimum biogas generation. Optimal biogas production was obtained at a pH range between 6.8 and 7.4 [20]. Furthermore, the moisture content in the substrate allowed for the free and relaxing movement of microorganisms, resulting in high biogas production [21]. Therefore, to ensure the consistent and effective generation of biogas, it is essential to maintain proper continuous control over the environmental parameters. This research aimed to assess the impact of environmental parameters on biogas production using a combination of IoT technology and ML techniques. In recent years, the global renewable energy robot market has been predicted to reach USD 75.82 Billion by 2030, with a growth rate of 27.9% during 2022-2030 [22]. Recent researchers have demonstrated the impressive contributions of artificial intelligence (AI) and the IoT on renewable energy economies and how these can be implemented in the entire process from energy generation to transmission and use [23; 24; 25].