## 2 Materials and Methods
### Study Design and Brain Samples
#### 2.2.2 Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) and Energy-Dispersive X-Ray Spectrometry (EDX)
A Carl Zeiss Axioskop  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c} \hline  & **n** & **Average Age** & **Weigh** & **ARM\({}_{\text{30}}\)** & **SIRM** & **IRM\({}_{\text{300}}\)** & **S\({}_{\text{300}}\)** \\ \hline  & & & & **\(\mu\)Am2/kg** & **\(\mu\)Am2/kg** & **\(\mu\)Am2/kg** & **AD *** \\ \hline All samples & 164 & 31.1 \(\pm\) 20.5 & 0.7 \(\pm\) 0.3 & 0.59 \(\pm\) 2.80 & 30.7 \(\pm\) 63.4 & 32.9 \(\pm\) 89.0 & 1.0 \(\pm\) 0.5 \\ All adult samples & 109 & 40.9 \(\pm\) 18.3 & 0.7 \(\pm\) 0.3 & 0.68 \(\pm\) 35.0 & 30.7 \(\pm\) 88.6 & 31.9 \(\pm\) 97.8 & 1.0 \(\pm\) 0.5 \\ All children samples & 55 & 12.0 \(\pm\) 6.5 & 0.7 \(\pm\) 0.4 & 0.41 \(\pm\) 0.70 & 30.6 \(\pm\) 44.4 & 35.0 \(\pm\) 71.2 & 1.0 \(\pm\) 0.1 \\ Cortical adults & 47 & 43.9 \(\pm\) 18.5 & 0.9 \(\pm\) 0.3 & 0.18 \(\pm\) 0.14 & 15.0 \(\pm\) 13.7 & 14.6 \(\pm\) 13.6 & 1.0 \(\pm\) 0.1 \\ Cortical children & 18 & 12.8 \(\pm\) 6.2 & 0.8 \(\pm\) 0.5 & 0.24 \(\pm\) 0.26 & 18.7 \(\pm\) 15.7 & 21.7 \(\pm\) 24.0 & 1.0 \(\pm\) 0.1 \\ Subcortical adults & 60 & 38.8 \(\pm\) 18.0 & 0.6 \(\pm\) 0.3 & 1.08 \(\pm\) 4.70 & 43.5 \(\pm\) 117.0 & 43.5 \(\pm\) 117.0 & 1.0 \(\pm\) 0.1 \\ Subcortical children & 35 & 11.7 \(\pm\) 6.7 & 0.6 \(\pm\) 0.3 & 0.51 \(\pm\) 0.85 & 37.3 \(\pm\) 53.0 & 42.4 \(\pm\) 86.6 & 1.0 \(\pm\) 0.1 \\ T1 Motion adults & 119 & 45.2 \(\pm\) 20.7 & NA & 0.64 \(\pm\) 3.30 & 29.0 \(\pm\) 75.0 & 28.5 \(\pm\) 74.0 & 1.0 \(\pm\) 0.1 \\ T1 Motion children & 47 & 12.0 \(\pm\) 6.6 & NA & 0.33 \(\pm\) 0.37 & 26.0 \(\pm\) 28.5 & 25.5 \(\pm\) 28.0 & 1.0 \(\pm\) 0.1 \\ T2 Motion adults & 6 & 50.8 \(\pm\) 27.3 & NA & 1.35 \(\pm\) 2.80 & 96.5 \(\pm\) 184.0 & 127.0 \(\pm\) 262.0 & 0.9 \(\pm\) 0.1 \\ T2 Motion children & 4 & 8.5 \(\pm\) 7.7 & NA & 0.37 \(\pm\) 0.19 & 30.0 \(\pm\) 18.3 & 23.4 \(\pm\) 8.5 & 0.9 \(\pm\) 0.1 \\ T3 Motion adults & 3 & 25.0 \(\pm\) 1.7 & NA & 0.35 \(\pm\) 0.14 & 87.0 \(\pm\) 113.0 & 40.4 \(\pm\) 30.0 & 0.9 \(\pm\) 0.1 \\ T3 Motion children & 5 & 15.2 \(\pm\) 1.09 & NA & 1.22 \(\pm\) 1.90 & 86.8 \(\pm\) 113.0 & 133.3 \(\pm\) 217.7 & 0.9 \(\pm\) 0.1 \\ Frontal adults & 14 & 42.0 \(\pm\) 19.6 & 0.9 \(\pm\) 0.3 & 0.15 \(\pm\) 0.10 & 13.8 \(\pm\) 13.0 & 13.5 \(\pm\) 12.7 & 1.0 \(\pm\) 0.1 \\ Frontal children & 9 & 12.6 \(\pm\) 6.3 & 1.0 \(\pm\) 0.4 & 0.26 \(\pm\) 0.33 & 16.8 \(\pm\) 19.0 & 15.8 \(\pm\) 18.3 & 0.9 \(\pm\) 0.1 \\ Temporal adults & 21 & 42.6 \(\pm\) 18.2 & 0.9 \(\pm\) 0.3 & 0.23 \(\pm\) 0.16 & 17.5 \(\pm\) 16.6 & 17.0 \(\pm\) 16.4 & 1.0 \(\pm\) 0.1 \\ Temporal children & 7 & 11.6 \(\pm\) 6.7 & 0.7 \(\pm\) 0.3 & 0.18 \(\pm\) 0.08 & 20.2 \(\pm\) 10.6 & 29.7 \(\pm\) 31.8 & 1.0 \(\pm\) 0.1 \\ Cingulate anterior adults & 11 & 42.5 \(\pm\) 18.5 & 0.8 \(\pm\) 0.2 & 0.13 \(\pm\) 0.06 & 10.5 \(\pm\) 4.2 & 9.9 \(\pm\) 4.3 & 0.9 \(\pm\) 0.1 \\ Cingulate an children & 2 & 17 & 0.8 \(\pm\) 0.2 & 0.15 \(\pm\) 0.10 & 10.5 \(\pm\) 6.0 & 10.2 \(\pm\) 5.7 & 1.0 \(\pm\) 0.1 \\ Hippocamp adults & 3 & 59.6 \(\pm\) 30.0 & 1.0 \(\pm\) 0.3 & 0.12 \(\pm\) 0.03 & 9.7 \(\pm\) 3.8 & 8.3 \(\pm\) 1.9 & 0.9 \(\pm\) 0.1 \\ Hippocamp children & 4 & 11.7 \(\pm\) 7.3 & 0.4 \(\pm\) 0.2 & 0.40 \(\pm\) 0.25 & 40.9 \(\pm\) 30.0 & 35.2 \(\pm\) 27.3 & 0.9 \(\pm\) 0.1 \\ Thalamus/ & 5 & 29.0 \(\pm\) 6.2 & 0.6 \(\pm\) 0.4 & 0.34 \(\pm\) 0.27 & 29.4 \(\pm\) 32.2 & 26.8 \(\pm\) 26.7 & 1.0 \(\pm\) 0.1 \\ Thalamus/ & 3 & 15.6 \(\pm\) 1.5 & 0.7 \(\pm\) 0.3 & 1.8 \(\pm\) 2.76 & 105.0 \(\pm\) 161.0 & 180 \(\pm\) 291 & 1.0 \(\pm\) 0.1 \\ Hypothalamus children & 13 & 38.2 \(\pm\) 15.0 & 0.8 \(\pm\) 0.3 & 0.18 \(\pm\) 0.11 & 15.5 \(\pm\) 14.2 & 15.2 \(\pm\) 13.8 & 1.0 \(\pm\) 0.1 \\ Motor cortex children & 5 & 13.2 \(\pm\) 6.9 & 0.7 \(\pm\) 0.4 & 0.51 \(\pm\) 0.60 & 35.3 \(\pm\) 49.4 & 33.7 \(\pm\) 48.3 & 0.9 \(\pm\) 0.1 \\ Brainstem sleep & 12 & 37.0 \(\pm\) 21.0 & 0.5 \(\pm\) 0.2 & 0.2 \(\pm\) 0.09 & 16.5 \(\pm\) 8.2 & 16.5 \(\pm\) 8.9 & 1 \\ hubs adults & 5 & 5.2 \(\pm\) 6.0 & 0.4 \(\pm\) 0.3 & 0.65 \(\pm\) 0.60 & 49.3 \(\pm\) 48.0 &2 PLUS microscope (Carl Zeiss, Dublin, CA, USA) equipped with an AxioVision REL 4.8 imaging system was the selected equipment.