# Signaling in the Tomato Immunity against _Fusarium oxysporum_
## 5 Conclusions  
The compatible interaction between tomato susceptible plants and _Fol_ was characterized by a long-lasting induction of genes involved in SA, ET, and ABA biosynthesis routes and a repression of the JA pathway. These results were in accordance with the accumulation of the SA and ABA hormones and the emission of volatile organic compounds like methyl- and ethyl-salicylate. Moreover, the disease index correlated with the production of volatile compounds derived from the oxidation of fatty acids. The incompatible interaction between tomato plants harboring the \(I\) resistance gene and _Fol_ was associated with an early activation of the JA route. Additionally, terpenoids like \(p\)-menth-1-en-9-al, 3-carene, elemene, geranylacetone or \(\alpha\)-caryophyllene, some benzenoids, and 2-ethylhexanoic acid were produced during the ETI establishment. Some of these volatiles emitted by immune tomato plants could be employed as new resistance inducers for fusarium wilt treatment. **Supplementary Materials:** The following are available online, Figure S1: _Fol_ quantification in hypocotyl of infected Momor (MOM; white) and Movione (MOV; gray) tomato plants at 7 and 14 dpi by qPCR. Values obtained for the fungal rDNA IGS region (GenBank accession AB106019) were normalized in relation to actin gene (accession AB199316). DNA expression levels were expressed as the average values of a representative experiment. Asterisks point out statistical differences between MOM and MOV plants according to \(t\)-test with \(p<0.001\) (***). Figure S2: Score plot of the PCA based on the whole array of the mass spectra within an \(m/z\) range from 35 to 250. VOCs were analyzed from 6 independent leaves of mock inoculated Momor (MOM; white) and Movione (MOV; gray) tomato plants at 7 and 14 dpi. PC1 and PC2 explain the 17% and the 12% of variance separating the samples according to the timing and isogenic line, respectively. Table S1: Differences in physiological parameters observed in susceptible (MOM) and resistant (MOV) tomato plantsat 14 days after _Fol_ inoculation. Average ratios for _Fol-_ and mock-infected plants corresponding to three independent experiments are shown \(\pm\) standard deviation. Asterisks (*) point out the significant differences between MOM and MOV according to t-test with \(p<0.05\) (*) and \(p<0.01\) (**). Table S2: GC-MS-detected VOCs differentially emitted during ETI establishment in resistant MOV tomato plants infected by _Fol_ at 7 and 14 dpi. The data are expressed as MOV/MOM ratio and the statistical analysis was done by a \(t\)-test between six biological replicates. The asterisk (*) indicates a tentative identification by comparison with the NIST library. A monoterpene, B sesquiterpene, and C nor-isoprenoid. In bold, statistically significant VOCs over-emitted at 7 and 14 dpi in resistant MOV plants upon _Fol_ inoculation. Table S3: GC-MS-detected VOCs differentially emitted in susceptible MOM tomato plants infected by _Fol_ at 7 and 14 dpi. The data are shown as MOV/MOM ratio and the statistical analysis was done by a \(t\)-test between six biological replicates. In bold, statistically significant VOCs over-emitted at both 7 and 14 dpi in susceptible MOM plants upon _Fol_ inoculation. **Author Contributions:** The work herein presented was carried out with the collaboration of all the authors. Conceptualization, M.P.L.-G., J.M.B., I.R., and P.L. ; methodology, F.H.-A., M.P.L.-G., and P.L. ; formal analysis, F.H.-A. ; investigation, F.H.-A., M.P.L.-G., and P.L. ; data curation, F.H.-A., M.P.L.-G., and P.L. ; writing--original draft preparation, F.H.-A. and M.P.L.-G.; writing--review and editing, P.L., I.R., and J.M.B. ; visualization, I.R. ; supervision, M.P.L.-G., P.L., and J.M.B. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript. **Funding:** This research received no external funding. **Institutional Review Board Statement:** Not applicable. **Informed Consent Statement:** Not applicable. **Data Availability Statement:** Data sharing is not applicable to this article.