## 4 Discussion  
The role of lifestyle, particularly dietary behavior, is crucial in the prevention and management of cardiovascular disease (CVD), type 2 diabetes mellitus, obesity, and related health problems [2]. This review focuses on two aspects: nutritional differences between the different bean varieties and their impact on disease prevention or/and treatment (Figure 1). In terms of nutritional profile, beans are an excellent source of protein as well as fiber, folate, potassium, iron, and zinc. For an average adult, the Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) for protein, i.e., the amount you need to meet your basic nutritional needs and not get sick, is 0.8 g of protein per kilogram of body weight [124]. For a person weighing 75 kg (165 pounds), that comes to 60 g of protein per day. A good example of a meal that provides 100% daily value magnesium and 30 g protein is a salad with 2 cups of chickpeas, 1% cup of soybeans, 3 cups of green leafy vegetables, and 1% avocado [29]. The combination of grains and beans is common because they offer a perfect amino acid composition and their protein is considered complete, like animal-derived proteins [125]. This is also useful for a person who follows a plant-based diet or can be utilized without mixing in gluten-free products [126]. Regarding the other micronutrients of beans, we took into consideration the latest WHO daily dietary recommendations [87]. Comparing these recommendations with data from Tables 2-4, it is concluded that 100 g of most varieties is enough to cover 30% of most of the macronutrients and micronutrient intake recommendations and the goals are fully achieved through the consumption of  
Figure 3: The gut microbiota is modulated by dietary natural plants ([PERSON] et al., 2019) [113]. beans as suggested by the traditional Mediterranean diet combined with other plant-based sources. Different mung bean products (100 g) cover 12% of protein needs and almost 5% of the recommended dietary allowance for iron, zinc, and calcium for kids [127]. Finally, vegan diet patterns should not be recommended for pregnant women [128]. The soybean is undoubtedly one of the healthiest types of bean. According to research from 2021 [35], they are one of the few plant foods that provide a high-quality complete protein comparable to that of animal foods. Although fava beans have a similar protein content, their effects on body composition, especially in terms of weight loss and physical condition, are not equivalent [129]. The essential amino acid composition of beans compared to animal protein sources is crucial for their recognition as a sustainable nutritional solution. The lowest total concentration of essential amino acids was found in pinto beans, with most varieties having similar characteristics [130]. In addition, kidney beans and pinto beans were found to have the highest lysine content at 537 mg and 538 mg per 0.5 g cup serving, respectively [49]. Regarding the phaseolin protein fraction of beans, soybeans had the highest prolamine content but the lowest albumin fraction, while the opposite trend was observed in mung beans [34]. In contrast, kidney bean seeds contain various antinutritive factors such as phytohemagglutinin, trypsin inhibitor, saponin, urease, genistein, alkaloids, cyanogenic glycosides, goitrogen, polyphenic compounds (tannins), oxalates, phytates, oligosaccharides, and antigenic proteins [131]. The micronutrient composition of common beans in a 100 g edible portion distinguishes black beans for their higher concentration of potassium and kidney beans for their higher iron content. However, the dry form of beans contains a threefold concentration of all micronutrients compared to the cooked form [19]. Incorporating beans into one's diet, including canned beans, daily is considered one of the most effective ways to increase nutrient intake and significantly improve dietary quality [132].