# Social Robots in Hospitals: A Systematic Review
## 4 Discussion  
We have found in the literature numerous terms related to social robots such as (1) chatbot, (2) bot, (3) virtual assistant, (4) robot companion, (5) artificial social, intelligent machine, (6) social assistive robots, (7) telepresence robot, (8) remotely operated robot, (9) personal assistant, and (10) autonomous robot. In a way, all of them fall within our scope; the difference among them comes from the fact that some of them combine software and hardware (4-10), while others are usually only software (1-3). [43; 60] offer exhaustive and historical reviews of robots. Specifically, in a healthcare context, we found that the most accurate definition is related to the central care concept. Thus, a social robot aims to serve a person in a caring interaction rather than perform a mechanical task [16], and it usually has hardware and software components. As if this were not enough, there are also other associated terms that are commonly used that range from small, handheld devices like smartphones, to thermostats and pet-like robots, such as Paro or MiRo, all the way to life-sized humanoid robots, such as Nadine or Moxie. This suggests that this undertaking represents a highly variable space [15]. This article provides a technology classification: objects (i.e., a chair), tools (i.e., hammer), machines (i.e., coffee machines), artificially intelligent machines (i.e., smartphone), and artificially socially intelligent machines (i.e., Paro). Our target is the last of these, and sometimes semantics are involved, as we saw in the first paragraph. A series of dimensions is proposed in [15] to describe all of them in more detail: Prior experience/expectations, Automated functionality, Functional Repertoire, Form-function mapping, Size, Human-like form or motion, Socialness, and Intelligence. When technology is a means to an end, some adaptations involving Lego are used [74] in the robotics program. Cloud computing technology is present too; Google and Microsoft have released chatbot health-platform services that are usable in everyday life [75]. The control of one's actions and their consequences, or the sense of control, is called a sense of agency (SoA). Cozmo robots and Cozmo cubes reduce it, and in return, show that reduced SoA is not observed in the presence of a passive non-agent device [76]. In this work, we focused on the healthcare context. However, there are other reviews in other contexts, such as urban spaces and in artificially socially intelligent machines called social robots [47]. Next, we are going to discuss designing and interacting with social robots in healthcare contexts. _RQ1. How are social robots designed? Are they ethically designed?_  
The development of social robots includes several algorithms as well as different implementations, such as face recognition, speech recognition, cognitive and decision-making modules [29; 39; 40; 42; 44; 60; 61; 66], emotional modules [47; 50], and ergonomics [43], which must also be considered fundamental. Achieving new levels of conversational modeling and knowledge and providing intelligent interactive platforms that can interact with users is a promising field [75]. We found that 75% of HRI studies are laboratory-based [15], mainly intended to study certain aspects, such as prior experience/expectations, automated functionality, functional repertoire, form-function mapping, size, human-like form or motion, socialness, intelligence, and other bases for the development of robotic technology [34]. However, long-term interaction is a challenge for socially assistive and educational robots [23], and HRI research can be improved by studying the contexts [25]. Considerable research is being conducted in this regard to improve the navigation of social robots [27; 28; 30; 48; 61] in spaces where they must coexist with humans in accordance with subtle cultural rules [17] and taking into account certain disabilities, such as hearing impairment [77]. In [17], a model is proposed for the motion of a robot inside a hospital environment.