## 5 Conclusions  
This paper proposes a method of secure data aggregation using the authentication and authorization (SDAAA) protocol for detecting cyberattacks, including sybil node and sinkhole node attacks or hackers in wireless sensor networks. The proposed paradigm aims to monitor and protect intelligent healthcare application systems and personnel from internal and external cyber security threats that can disrupt the functional process of smart healthcare application monitoring. The paradigm uses a node authorization algorithm. The algorithm prevents the entry of prohibited or malicious nodes known as sybil node and sinkhole attacks in the network. Furthermore, the paradigm focuses mainly on authentication, authorization, and freshness, which combat malicious node effects in the network and improve the energy consumption of the WSN. These security mechanisms sustain the tradeoff between energy efficiency, accuracy, and QoS provision in the WSN.  
We programmed in C++ and implemented on the OMNET++ simulator to confirm the legitimacy and strength of our proposed SDAAA protocol. Based on the extensive experimental results, we have validated that our proposed SDAAA protocol has an accuracy of 444 kb/s representing 98% of data rate/channel capacity of the network, an energy consumption of 2.6 joules representing 99% energy efficiency of the network, an affected network of 2.45 representing 99.5% achieved overall performance of the network, and a time complexity of 0.08 s representing 98.5% efficiency of the proposed SDAAA approach. By contrast, contending protocols such as SD, EEHA, HAS, IIF, and RHC have a throughput range of 415-443 representing 85-90% of the data rate/channel capacity of the network, energy consumption in the range of 3.0-3.6 joules representing 88-95% energy efficiency of the network, effected network range of 2.98 representing 72-89% achieved improved overall performance of the network and time complexity in the range of 0.20 s representing 72-89% efficiency of the proposed SDAAA approach. Thus, our proposed SDAAA protocol outperformed the other similar types of protocols such as SD, EEHA, HAS, IIF, and RHC, from the perspective of average throughput, average energy consumption, affected network, resilience time, and time complexity in the presence of malicious nodes. In the future, we aim to extend our proposed SDAAA protocol to include a mobility model to investigate further state-of-art QoS metrics, with different data markings applicable to that situation.  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c c c c} \hline \hline \multirow{3}{*}{**Approaches**} & \multicolumn{3}{c}{**Throughput**} & \multicolumn{3}{c}{**Average Energy Consumption**} & \multicolumn{3}{c}{**Effected Network**} \\ \cline{2-10}  & **0\%** & **5\%** & **10\%** & **0\%** & **2\%** & **5\%** & **2\%** & **5\%** & **10\%** \\  & **Malicious** & **Malicious** & **Malicious** & **Malicious** & **Malicious** & **Malicious** & **Malicious** & **Malicious** & **Malicious** \\  & **Node** & **Node** & **Node** & **Node** & **Node** & **Node** & **Node** & **Node** & **Node** \\ \hline EEHA & 415 kb/s & 405 kb/s & 402 kb/s & 3.24 Joule & 3.7 Joule & 4.41 & joules & 3.25\% & 4.27\% & 4.48\% \\ \hline SD & 427 kb/s & 407 kb/s & 402 kb/s & 3.4 Joule & 3.82 Joule & 4.42 & 4.42 & 4.48 & 4.48 \\ \hline HAS & 436 kb/s & 415 kb/s & 404 kb/s & 3.62 Joule & 3.92 Joule & 4.49 & 2.98\% & 4.38\% & 4.99\% \\ \hline IIF & 435.5 kb/s & 418 kb/s & 409 kb/s & 3.35 Joule & 3.71 Joule & 3.32 & 3.34\% & 4.08\% & 4.66\% \\ \hline RHC & 431 kb/s & 412 kb/s & 407 kb/s & 3.0 Joule & 3.5 Joule & 4.39 & 3.62\% & 3.68\% & 4.47\% \\ \hline SDAAA & 444 kb/s & 426,5 kb/s & 424.5 & 2.6 Joule & 2.91 Joule & 3.32 joules & 2.45\% & 2.62\% & 2.67\% \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}
Table 5: Showing performance of SDA AA protocol comparison with the different contending approaches like SD, EEHA, HAS, IIF, and RHC protocols.