## 2 Related Work
### Accessibility Evaluation Using User Testing  
While the automated tools have been extensively used in the literature to assess the websites' accessibility, other studies have focused on the user's perspective regarding the usability and the accessibility experiences to identify more accurate findings.  
Several studies that explored the online behaviors of VI users uncovered several accessibility issues that can negatively affect VI users' experiences. For instance, a user test was conducted by [PERSON] et al. [22], along with interviews, recorded observations, and task-browsing activities, to determine the main challenges encountered by the VI users while interacting with different types of websites (e.g., Facebook and email). The study results showed that the complexity of the web page's layout could affect the learning process and task completion of a VI person. Similar findings were also reported in [23], where a complex page layout was shown to be a serious problem for website accessibility. In these studies, the authors recommended integrating VI users throughout the design process to eliminate these accessibility issues.  
New web trends, such as interactive web elements, which establishes an interaction between the user and the content, were found to lack accessibility for both VI and sighted users, according to [PERSON] et al. [24]. In their work, the authors conducted an empirical study that was focused on investigating the accessibility in new web design trends for VI users by comparing the task performance of VI and sighted users in responsive and non-responsive websites. The study revealed that there was an obvious relationship between the website accessibility and its structure, where shallower and wider navigational structures were better than deeper ones.  
The accessibility of an online job application for VI users has been investigated by [PERSON] et al. [25]. The results demonstrate that participants with VI faced considerable obstacles while submitting their online applications. Thus, the authors provided recommendations for employers to ensure that their online employment applications are accessible and usable for all individuals, including individuals with disabilities. Another user test [26] has been conducted to evaluate the accessibility of the University of Ankara website for visually impaired students. Along with the user test, a satisfaction survey and interviews were also conducted. The results showed that although most of the evaluated tasks were completed successfully, some accessibility issues were identified, such as the lack of descriptive labels and captions, which made some pages less accessible. Students also reported that they had to ask for help from volunteers or university staff for their daily tasks. [PERSON] [27] presented an evaluation of the accessibility of government and public agency healthcare websites in Korea through a user test. The study recruited VI and second-level sight-impaired people to perform multiple tasks with ten healthcare websites. The results revealed some issues and problems across the four dimensions of accessibility: perceivable, operable, understandable, and robust.