# A Comprehensive Survey for Deep-Learning-Based
## 3 Abnormal Detection with Images over Short Distances
### Infrared Image
#### 3.2.3 Infrared-Image-Based Anomaly Detection for Internet of Things Technology in Smart Grids  
In the operation of power grid equipment, efficient energy utilization plays a vital role in the development of power systems and smart grids. Therefore, proper abnormality monitoring and control of energy consumption are two of the tasks of the smart grid. Figure 3 shows the monitoring and control of energy consumption of an electric energy meter system based on Internet of things and sensor technology. The indicator can accurately show the abnormal watt-hour meter system. There are many related problems in the existing watt-hour meter system, one of which is the lack of full-duplex communication. In order to solve this problem, an intelligent watt-hour meter [32; 35; 36; 37; 38] based on the Internet of things is proposed. The proposed smart energy meter uses a Wi-Fi module to control and calculate energy consumption and upload it to the cloud. Researchers can view the operation data of power grid equipment in the cloud. Therefore, energy analysis of the power grid environment becomes easier and more controllable. The system also helps to detect abnormal leakage of power grid equipment. Therefore, this kind of smart meter helps to realize automation and wireless communication by using the Internet of things, which is a big step towards a digital industry. The Internet of things is a network connecting intelligent devices that can transmit data. The \"thing\" in the Internet of things can be a person who has a heart monitor or a car equipped with built-in sensors (that is, an object that has been assigned an IP address [35; 37]), and it can collect and transmit data through the network without manual assistance or intervention. Embedded technology in objects helps them interact with the internal state or external environment so as to affect decision making. In order to analyze and control power consumption, a suitable system must be established. The existing system is error prone, time consuming, and laborious. The value we get from the existing system is not accurate, although it may be digital, so the solution to this problem is to use a smart watt-hour meter. An intelligent electricity meter is a reliable device for real-time state monitoring, automatic information acquisition, user interaction, and power control. It provides a two-way information flow between the local device and the terminal and provides better controllability and efficiency. It provides real-time consumption information and energy consumption control. When the maximum load demand of the local equipment in the power grid exceeds its peak value, the power supply to the power grid equipment will be disconnected with the help of a smart watt-hour meter. In an ideal environment under a normal working load, the service life of a smart meter is about five to six years. However, in reality, intelligent electric energy meters have environmental problems, and their life is shortened with the abnormal consumption of energy. The factors affecting the service life of intelligent electric energy meters include environmental factors and varying and limited service life. The electric energy meter system based on the Internet of things mainly comprises controllers, Wi-Fi, and anti-theft detection. Whenever any fault or abnormality occurs, the abnormality detection sensor will sense the error and circuit response according to the received information.  
To summarize, smart grid abnormality detection research is mainly based on the Internet of things and smart sensors. This method requires a large data transmission capacity and high precision. In addition, the sensor can be used to detect the abnormal temperature of power grid equipment and quickly check the equipment with abnormal heating. Of course, low-voltage pulses can also be used to detect abnormal voltages and currents quickly. This method has high real-time performance for detecting the internal circuits of power grid equipment.