# Real-Time Performance Measurement Application via Bluetooth Signals for Signalized Intersections
## 4 Discussion
The results of the Aimsun simulation program and Bluetooth-based performance measurement system for the hours between 18:00-19:00 on 15 May 2024 and 16 May 2024 are shown in Table 11. A comparison of the delay values per vehicle in the fixed-time signaling system and fully adaptive signaling systems of the intersection is made. Accordingly, it is determined that the outputs of the real-time Bluetooth-based performance measurement system designed in the study and the Aimsun simulation program are approximately the same. Thus, the verification of the real-time Bluetooth-based performance measurement system is carried out. The reason why the delay values in the Aimsun simulation program are slightly lower can be explained as the simulation programs simulate more ideal conditions. For example, since factors such as a pothole in the direction of the intersection or the effects of pedestrian behavior are not present in the simulation environment, it can be considered normal for the delay value to be slightly lower. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Direction Name** & **Eskigehir Going Direction** & **Selimiye Going Direction** & **Ankara Going Direction** & **Refik Cesur Going Direction** & **Total Number of Going Vehicles (units)** \\ \hline Eskisehir & & & & & \\ Coming & 3 & 25 & 900 & 64 & 992 \\ Direction & & & & & \\ \hline Selimiye & & & & & \\ Coming & 79 & 0 & 14 & 176 & 269 \\ Direction & & & & & \\ \hline Ankara & & & & & \\ Coming & 806 & 83 & 1 & 244 & 1134 \\ Direction & & & & & \\ \hline Refik Cesur & & & & & \\ Coming & 14 & 154 & 240 & 0 & 408 \\ Direction & & & & & \\ \hline Total Number of Coming & 902 & 262 & 1155 & 484 & 2803 \\ Vehicles (units) & & & & & \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 10: Direction-based vehicle count data for the period between 18:00–19:00 on 16 May 2024. Figure 11: Refik Cesur Intersection Aimsun simulation modeling. Previously, various studies are carried out to measure the performance and efficiency for different algorithms or innovations at signalized intersections or specific routes. In a study, signalized intersection performance measurement is carried out via LIDAR sensor data and the control delay is determined with a weighted average control delay deviation of 1.39 s/veh [32]. In another study, algorithm experiments are carried out on traffic cellular automata (TCA) models and an efficiency increase of 9.21% to 36.98% is achieved compared to traditional solutions [33]. In a study on the efficient determination of maximum green time in traffic-actuated signaling management, performance analysis is carried out through the Aimsun simulation program [34]. In one study, travel times are measured with Bluetooth sensors placed on certain routes [35]. Later, with the optimization algorithms developed, the delay values of vehicles moving along the artery are determined more efficiently. In another study, the Cooperative Vehicle Intersection Control (CVIC) algorithm is developed and an analysis result is presented in the VISSIM simulation environment [36]. According to these results, the CVIC algorithm provided a 33% improvement in total travel time compared to traditional actuated signaling systems. In a study that presents a delay-tolerant smart intersection management protocol for multi-lane intersections, analyses are conducted on the SUMO simulation program [37]. The analysis results showed that intersections managed through the developed protocol showed better performance than smart signaling. In signalized intersection performance analysis, instead of using costly solutions such as simulation programs or electronic sensors, analysis can be made by making visual counts at the intersection. In one study, the traffic counts and signal times in each direction at the Rettier Intersection in Chennai, India are monitored and noted by researchers. Then, the delay and intersection level of service values are determined using [PERSON]'s theorem on these data [38].