# Blockchain Applications in the Military Domain:
## 4 Results
This is much more enabling for continued operations, even when parts of a network have been compromised, and proves effective in adversarial environments where the security of communications is vital to maintaining operational integrity. Immutability in blockchain provides strong protection to sensitive military information through tamper-resistant data storage mechanisms. Research has shown the ability to maintain authenticity throughout command and control operations in battlefield scenarios. Implementation of blockchain in the IoUV proves to be effective for storing operational data within tamper-resistant ledgers that create reliable and accountable environments between military units [61]. Other research also highlights the effectiveness of immutable ledgers in securing military communications due to the prevention of unauthorized modifications [72; 78]. Most significantly, implementing blockchain frameworks with end-to-end encryption and robust authentication mechanisms has proven to be particularly effective in securing military communications. Research has illustrated how public and private key cryptography effectively restricts sensitive communication access to authorized entities, while blockchain encryption makes the interception or alteration of data in transit practically impossible [64]. Innovation in drone operations arises with the introduction of the consensus mechanism, namely, drone-based delegated proof of stake (DDPOS), which achieves 97.5% detection rates for malicious drone attacks while maintaining low latency [92]. Authentication implementations in blockchain frameworks tend to be highly effective through decentralized identity verification systems. Researchers have shown how such implementations successfully regulate access to military systems with minimal delays in operations [92]. Incorporating smart contracts further amplifies the effectiveness of authentication by automating access control protocols and reducing insider threats [70; 83]. This technical approach effectively maintains security while allowing for efficient operational access. Blockchain frameworks demonstrate significant effectiveness in enabling transparency and traceability through auditable action trails that facilitate real-time monitoring and forensic analysis. Research emphasizes the importance of these capabilities in detecting suspicious activities and verifying cybersecurity protocol compliance [60; 71]. The implementation shows effectiveness in military logistics by preventing counterfeit component infiltration and creating verifiable provenance records for military hardware [86], which is crucial for maintaining operational readiness and equipment safety. Despite these advantages, most of the current blockchain frameworks face various challenges that affect their efficacy in comprehensive cyber threat mitigation. Scalability is one major constraint in military networks where large volumes of transactions are handled. Research has shown efforts to overcome this with the help of sharding-enabled blockchain implementations that divide the networks into smaller, efficiently processed units [61], although further development is needed for large-scale military operations. Energy consumption is another big challenge, especially considering the computationally intensive consensus mechanisms, such as proof of work. Recent research shows the need for energy-efficient variants, like delegated proof of stake, in resource-constrained environments, like drone operations [91]. Integration with legacy military systems and interoperabilitybetween diverse platforms need considerable technical and organizational adaptations and may introduce new vulnerabilities during transition phases [79; 84]. Emerging threats, particularly quantum computing, present long-term challenges to blockchain frameworks. Research indicates ongoing development in quantum-resistant cryptography to ensure the long-term viability of blockchain in military applications [76; 90].