## 3 Results
### Laboratory versus Ambulatory Distribution of Subglottal Pressure
Phonation time is reported in minutes and seconds (mm:ss) and percentage units. Group-based \(f_{\mathrm{o}}\) statistics are not reported due to the known differences in \(f_{\mathrm{o}}\) for male and female speakers. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{l r r r r} \hline
**Ambulatory Statistic** & **PVH** & **NPVH** & **UVFP** & **Control** \\ \hline ACFL (mL/s) & & & & \\ Mean & 337.7 (213.3) & 482.6 (409.4) & 131.4 (131.0) & 195.6 (173.0) \\ Standard deviation & 267.5 (178.3) & 390.8 (325.6) & 109.3 (105.6) & 158.7 (142.2) \\ Skewness & 2.493 (1.653) & 2.282 (0.652) & 2.805 (1.570) & 2.680 (0.935) \\ Minimum & 48.4 (33.0) & 81.1 (88.0) & 23.5 (26.5) & 35.2 (34.5) \\ Maximum * & 831.9 (555.9) & 1260.7 & 323.6 (321.5) & 481.2 (430.7) \\ \hline MFDR (L/s2) & & & & \\ Mean & 529.2 (344.1) & 737.9 (624.5) & 166.5 (175.2) & 296.6 (287.1) \\ Standard deviation & 481.9 (324.9) & 659.7 (557.1) & 169.7 (175.2) & 277.5 (254.7) \\ Skewness & 2.765 (1.779) & 2.478 (0.853) & 3.292 (1.161) & 3.021 (0.899) \\ Minimum * & 49.8 (34.6) & 91.2 (97.0) & 21.8 (24.8) & 35.5 (39.0) \\ Maximum * & 1424.1 (978.9) & 2057.5 & 468.4 (487.9) & 792.7 (738.6) \\ \hline OQ (\%) & & & \\ Mean & 58.3 (6.9) & 57.2 (7.3) & 71.4 (10.1) & 62.4 (9.5) \\ Standard deviation & 19.2 (2.5) & 19.3 (1.4) & 15.3 (3.8) & 19.3 (3.2) \\ Skewness & 0.554 (0.591) & 0.503 (0.337) & \(-\)0.301 (0.806) & 0.109 (0.576) \\ Minimum * & 33.0 (4.2) & 31.8 (7.0) & 46.3 (12.7) & 33.7 (8.1) \\ Maximum * & 92.6 (4.2) & 92.1 (2.5) & 94.7 (2.7) & 93.7 (2.4) \\ \hline SQ (\%) & & & \\ Mean & 148.0 (10.9) & 143.6 (11.2) & 137.6 (15.9) & 147.7 (14.9) \\ Standard deviation & 69.9 (19.5) & 63.2 (21.6) & 61.1 (22.8) & 73.4 (18.8) \\ Skewness & 2.145 (0.520) & 2.079 (0.629) & 1.573 (0.457) & 1.857 (0.516) \\ Minimum * & 64.1 (23.1) & 63.6 (23.7) & 60.2 (14.4) & 55.1 (14.5) \\ Maximum * & 290.9 (66.1) & 267.5 (65.4) & 251.1 (69.8) & 290.4 (65.2) \\ \hline H1–H2 (dB) & & & & \\ Mean & 4.2 (4.5) & 2.9 (3.4) & 8.9 (6.9) & 6.1 (3.9) \\ Standard deviation & 10.8 (2.3) & 13.3 (5.8) & 9.3 (2.6) & 10.2 (2.4) \\ Skewness & 0.069 (0.825) & 0.676 (0.417) & 0.078 (0.765) & 0.280 (0.595) \\ Minimum * & \(-\)12.3 (4.2) & \(-\)17.7 (13.9) & \(-\)4.2 (8.0) & \(-\)8.8 (4.3) \\ Maximum * & 20.4 (4.4) & 27.4 (13.6) & 24.3 (4.7) & 22.0 (5.2) \\ \hline HRF (dB) & & & & \\ Mean & \(-\)2.5 (1.3) & \(-\)3.5 (2.9) & \(-\)7.6 (3.6) & \(-\)3.9 (2.4) \\ Standard deviation & 6.7 (1.6) & 8.9 (4.2) & 6.8 (1.9) & 7.6 (1.9) \\ Skewness & \(-\)3.556 (0.979) & \(-\)2.803 (1.085) & \(-\)1.390 (1.556) & \(-\)2.709 (1.164) \\ Minimum * & \(-\)15.7 (5.2) & \(-\)23.7 (16.4) & \(-\)20.2 (4.4) & \(-\)18.2 (5.7) \\ Maximum * & 2.2 (0.6) & 2.3 (1.2) & \(-\)0.2 (2.6) & 2.1 (0.9) \\ \hline NAQ & & & & \\ Mean & 0.169 (0.013) & 0.173 (0.031) & 0.212 (0.025) & 0.177 (0.024) \\ Standard deviation & 0.056 (0.007) & 0.059 (0.009) & 0.057 (0.008) & 0.063 (0.009) \\ Skewness & 1.917 (0.546) & 1.593 (0.451) & 1.201 (0.629) & 1.387 (0.517) \\ Minimum * & 0.106 (0.012) & 0.106 (0.023) & 0.136 (0.023) & 0.102 (0.019) \\ Maximum * & 0.285 (0.023) & 0.291 (0.043) & 0.316 (0.020) & 0.302 (0.028) \\ \hline \end{tabular}  
* Minimum and maximum are trimmed estimators reporting the 5 th percentile and 95 th percentile, respectively.  
\end{table} 
Table 8: Univariate statistics of daylong ambulatory estimates of glottal airflow measures for each participant group: peak-to-peak glottal airflow (ACFL), maximum flow declination rate (MFDR), open quotient (OQ), speed quotient (SQ), the difference between the first two harmonic magnitudes (H1–H2), harmonic richness factor (HRF), and normalized amplitude quotient (NAQ).