## 3 Results
Also, the ANB is positively correlated with SNA and ANPog, respectively negatively correlated with SNB. In our Prader-Willii sample, the SNA has an average value of 83.85 (minimum 78.95 and maximum 86.52, hence the tendency in [PERSON] syndrome patients is towards maxillary prognathism), compared to the control sample where SNA has an average value of 81.83 (very few variations across sample, values ranging from a minimum of 81.12 to a maximum of 82.85, hence a normal maxillary position). At the same time, the SNB registers an average value of 80.11 in the Prader-Willii sample and 79.16 in the control sample. The minimum value of SNB in Prader-Willii sample goes to 75.79, thus reflecting a pattern of mandibular retrognathism compared to 77.23 (very close to the reference value of 78\({}^{\circ}\)) in the control sample. Also, in the control sample there is an indirect (negative) correlation between SNA and ANS-PNS (anterior-posterior nasal spine/palatal plane), while in the Prader-Willii sample this correlation does not seem to exist. At the same time, in the Prader-Willii sample, we could also observe other interconnections, namely: U1-L1 (dental angular measurement, namely the interincisal angle) is another credential that stands out, being strongly and positively partially correlated with Co-A (maximla length) and SAr-Go (articular angle), and negatively partially correlated with B-Pog (chin depth) and ArGoGn (the Gonial angle), but with a lower intensity of the connection. Hence, the [PERSON] syndrome caused dentofacial abnormalities that are associated also with a modified maxillary length. Co-A and SAr-Go are strongly and negatively correlated in the Prader-Willii sample, while in the control sample these variables are strongly and positively correlated. There is also a very strong negative relationship/correlation between Co-A (maximla length) and Go-Pog (mandibular body length) in the control sample, while in the [PERSON] sample this relationship has faded. Results of the Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) Conveying Direct, Indirect and Total Linkages between Cephalometric Characteristics in Both PWS Group and Control Sample  
To further entail the importance of various facial-oral characteristics in determining the [PERSON] syndrome diagnostic, in a case-control approach, we extended our research endeavor with a set of four SEMs. The results of the SEM models are presented in Figure 6a-d and detailed in the Appendix A, Tables 15 and 16, along with Tables 17 and 16 that capture the alpha Cronbach calculations (revealing robustness and a high reliability of the scale for all four SEM models) and Table 18 that captures the goodness of fit tests (showing that SEM models are well fitted and the results are robust). As a modern technique, SEM allowed us to assess complex patterns of relationships among numerous measurements specific to the [PERSON] genetic disorder, the latter being captured as a latent variable resulting from these credentials (Figure 6a,c). The same reasoning was applied for the control sample (Figure 6b,d) both being considered in a  
Figure 5: Results of Gaussian graphical models GGMs, processed through extended Bayesian information criteria with graphical least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (lasso) (EBLGglasso) and partial correlation (Pcor): (**a**) Prader–Willi sample—second set of indicators/measurements; (**b**) control sample—second set of indicators/measurements. Source: authors’ configuration in Stata 16.  
comparative approach (case-control). The results entail that the coefficients associated with SNA and SNB variables (measurements) are both negative (\(-0.75\) and \(-0.84\)) and statistically significant in the case of the [PERSON] sample, while for the control sample these coefficients are positive (0.35 and 0.75), being also very significant from a statistical point of view. These coefficients entail that an increase in the prevalence of PWS is associated with a significant change and variation in the SNA and SNB values.