# BIM Policy Trends in Europe: Insights from a Multi-Stage Analysis
## 3 Results  
### A Systematic Literature Review  
To acquire information pertinent to the verification and compilation of BIM policies in Europe, the authors initially conducted a systematic literature review (SLR), enabling the presentation of the current research approach. The findings are presented based on a broad database, which was subsequently narrowed down through a more detailed analysis. The review commenced within the Google Scholar, Scopus, and Web of Science (WoS) databases. The search concluded on 4 January 2024. It began by examining articles with the keyword \"BIM mandatory\", which also required the inclusion of a specific country's name. Google Scholar searched within titles, abstracts, author keywords, and entire articles;Scopus and WOS conducted searches within titles, abstracts, author keywords, affiliations, publishers, and publication titles. Figure 3 displays the search volume, with 1378 articles meeting the criteria. Figure 3: Table of keyword records—this study. Subsequent searches targeted the phrases \"BIM implementation\", \"BIM adoption\", \"BIM policy\", and \"BIM roadmap\" for articles from 2020, aiming to gather the most current information. As depicted in Figure 3, 207,084 articles met these criteria. Before analyzing these articles, duplicates were removed. A total of 1378 articles featuring the keyword \"BIM mandatory\" alongside the name of country were retrieved. The majority were associated with \"United Kingdom\" in the Google Scholar database and \"Italy\" in Scopus and Web of Science. Conversely, records containing either \"BIM implementation\", \"BIM adoption\", \"BIM policy,\" or \"BIM roadmap\" were most frequently linked with \"Switzerland\" in Google Scholar and \"Italy\" in Scopus and Web of Science. To illustrate the BIM trends in literature, especially in terms of implementation initiatives, an analysis using a single scientific article search engine was sufficient. Scopus was chosen for this purpose. The analysis of literature review results in Scopus utilized the search term ((TITLE-ABS-KEY ('y') AND TITLE-ABS-KEY (bim AND implementation) OR TITLE-ABS-KEY (bim AND adoption) OR TITLE-ABS-KEY (bim AND policy) OR TITLE-ABS-KEY (bim AND roadmap)) AND PUBYEAR > 2019 AND PUBYEAR < 2024), where 'y' is the name of the European country. Duplicates were excluded. Figure 4 displays a chart delineating the number of articles, categorized by keywords associated with the name of the country. Most articles addressing BIM implementation/BIM adoption/BIM policy/BIM roadmap were concurrently identified with Italy, United Kingdom, Spain, and Germany, which, as it subsequently emerged, have at least partial BIM requirements for public procurements. The highest occurrences of the keyword \"BIM mandatory\" were noted for Italy, Spain, Germany, and Norway, with Norway also requiring BIM. After removing duplicates, 103 articles remained. Figure 5 presents the number of publications per year, showing a visible increase annually. Table 1 lists the most cited articles. The rest have much lower numbers. An article discovered while searching for BIM policy in Ireland used the newer concept of the digital twin for smart-city planning in Dublin. Another significant publication reviewed BIM implementation in Germany, emphasizing its importance for Industry 4.0 research. [PERSON] et al. 's study is a bibliometric literature review and a description of a UK-based case study on Industry 4.0, noting that practitioners were focusing on BIM implementation and somewhat neglecting more advanced technologies. Figure 4: Chart showing the number of articles by country-related keywords found in Scopus—this study. Table 2 presents journals with the largest number of records. The top positions in the table are occupied by MDPI, which publishes open access journals, providing publications in databases such as Scopus, Web of Science, PMC, PubMed, and MEDLINE. Subsequent analysis involved visualizing bibliometric networks in the VOSviewer application, checking the co-occurrence of author keywords (Figure 6).