In recent years, many studies have been devoted to improving the surface integrity (SI) and operating behavior (wear, corrosion and fatigue resistance) of CNASS components by means of static SCW methods: ball burnishing [6; 7; 8; 9; 10; 11; 12; 13; 14; 15; 16; 17; 18; 19; 20; 21], roller burnishing [6; 22; 23; 24; 25] and DB [2; 3; 4; 26; 27; 28; 29; 30; 31; 32; 33; 34; 35]. There are relatively few studies devoted to improvement in the fatigue behavior of CNASS components by means of SCW [2; 3; 4; 2; 3; 4; 2; 3; 13; 12; 13; 14; 15; 16; 17; 18; 19; 23]. The most commonly used processes are hardening DB [2; 3; 4] and deep rolling [8; 9; 10; 11; 12; 13], implemented by hydrostatic ball burnishing. [PERSON] and [PERSON] [8] increased the rotating bending fatigue strength (\(10^{6}\) cycles) of 304 CNASS by approximately 18% using the deep rolling process. [PERSON] et al. [2] reported an increase of approximately 37% in the rotating fatigue limit (\(10^{7}\) cycles fatigue strength) for the same grade of steel (304) via five-pass hardening DB. An increase of approximately 39% in the rotating fatigue limit of 316 CNASS was achieved by [PERSON] et al. [4] using four-pass DB. It is important to note that the information cited above regarding the effect of SCW refers to CNASS obtained in the form of hot-rolled bars, i.e., with initial hot-mechanical strengthening, compared to those without initial heat treatment [3]. Due to the tendency of CNASS to suffer intercrystalline corrosion, another approach to increasing their hardness, wear resistance and strength, as well as reducing fatigue, is the use of low-temperature thermo-chemical diffusion processes (nitriding and/or extrapurizing). The modification of the surface layers during these processes is a consequence of the retention of the nitrogen and/or carbon atoms in the solid solution of the austenite, resulting in the formation of a supersaturated surface phase, the so-called S-phase [36]. Detailed and systematic information about the effect of this kind of heat treatment process on the SI (including the formation, characteristics and properties of the S-phase) and operating behavior of CNASS is contained in the remarkable review papers [36; 37]. Since our research is focused on improving the fatigue behavior of CNASS, the literature survey is limited to the effect of low-temperature nitriding/carburizing (LTN/C) on fatigue strength. [PERSON] et al. [38] reported an increase of approximately 17% in the rotating fatigue strength of 304 CNASS using LTN (compared with that of untreated steel). In another study by [PERSON] et al. [39] on the same class of steel, an increase in the rotating fatigue limit of almost 39% is reported. [PERSON] and [PERSON] [40] reported an increase of approximately 40% in the rotating fatigue limit of 316L CNASS using LTC. For the same grade of steel subjected to LTC, [PERSON] et al. [41] reported an increase in the fatigue limit of 22% obtained by the tension-compression fatigue test. [PERSON] et al. [42] studied the low-cycle fatigue behavior of low-temperature, nitrided 316L specimens subjected to symmetric tension-compression testing with controlled plastic strain. Comparing the behavior of untreated specimens and those low-temperature, nitrided specimens for eight hours, these authors have established that an increase in the total stress amplitude during the whole cyclic deformation test appears. Moreover, it is reported that LTN and LTC also significantly improve the fretting-fatigue [43] and corrosion-fatigue [44] properties of CNASS components. The literature survey shows that the increase in rotating-fatigue strength of CNASS specimens via LTN and LTC is in the range of (22-40)%, commensurate with the increase of (18-39)% achieved by static SCW processes. On this basis, the idea of combining the two approaches (static SCW with LTN/LTC) in order to achieve a synergistic effect in terms of fatigue strength improvement seems promising. In order to eliminate possible misunderstandings of a terminological nature, two concepts will be defined.