# From Nearly Zero Energy to Carbon-Neutral: Case Study of a Hospitality Building
## Appendix A  
The simulations aimed at calculating the operational energy used were performed on a building numerical model divided into 23 thermal zones. Their sizes and features are summarized in Table A1. The resulting thermal energy needs were then manipulated in order to take into account the energy losses due to distribution, control and, emissions, according to the national technical standards [63; 64], through the efficiencies reported in Table A2. Finally, the electrical energy needs related to lights and appliances were calculated on the basis of the assumptions described in  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Technological Unit Classes** & **Technological Unit** & \
\begin{tabular}{c} **Technical Element** \\ **Details/Materials** \\ \end{tabular} & **Quantity [ton]** &
\begin{tabular}{c} **Stage A1–A3** \\ **[tonCO2\({}_{\text{e}}\)**]** \\ \end{tabular} \\ \hline \multirow{6}{*}{Load-bearing structure} & \multirow{2}{*}{Foundations, beams, pillars} & Cement, sand, and aggregates & 294.0 & 45.4 \\ \cline{3-5}  & & Steel reinforcements & 12.6 & 17.9 \\ \cline{3-5}  & & Cement, sand, and aggregates & 9430.0 & 1640.0 \\ \cline{3-5}  & & Steel reinforcements & 467.0 & 665.0 \\ \cline{2-5}  & Steel beams & Steel & 52.6 & 61.1 \\ \hline \multirow{6}{*}{Vertical envelope} & \multirow{6}{*}{Vertical facade} & Interior/exterior finishes (painting and plaster) & 84.3 & 15.4 \\ \cline{3-5}  & & Rock wool/EPS insulation and vapor barrier & 16.3 & 18.2 \\ \cline{3-5}  & & Brick blocks & 106.0 & 39.1 \\ \cline{3-5}  & & Plasterboard sheets and metal & 15.6 & 3.9 \\ \cline{3-5}  & & substructure & & \\ \cline{2-5}  & & Double glazed facade & & \\ \cline{2-5}  & & windows/doors and & 8.4 & 25.8 \\ \cline{2-5}  & & aluminum frames & & \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}
Table 4: Material construction phase impacts (A1–A3) for the nZEB scenario.  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c} \hline \hline \multicolumn{1}{c}{**Technological Unit Classes**} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{**Technological Unit**} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{**Technical Element**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**Quantity [ton]**} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{**Stage A1–A3**} \\ \cline{5-5} \multicolumn{1}{c}{} & & **Details/Materials** & & **[tonCO2-eq]** \\ \hline \multirow{5}{*}{Load-bearing structure} & \multirow{5}{*}{Slabs and walls} & Exterior finishes (outdoor tile & & \\  & & paving, gravel, waterproofing & & \\  & membranes, and vapor & & & \\  & & barrier) & & \\ \cline{2-5} \cline{5-5} \multirow{5}{*}{Vertical envelope} & \multirow{5}{*}{Attic terrace, top floor roof} & EPS Insulation & 1.0 & 9.0 \\ \cline{2-5}  & & \multicolumn{1}{c}{Plasterboard sheets} & 3.8 & 0.5 \\ \cline{2-5}  & & \multicolumn{1}{c}{Screeds} & 5.7 & 0.9 \\ \cline{2-5}  & & Interior finishes (painting) & 0.1 & 0.0 \\ \cline{2-5}  & & Finishes (internal and external & & \\  & & paving, membranes) & & 35.8 \\ \cline{2-5}  & & Screeds & 28.0 & 3.5 \\ \cline{2-5}  & & EPS Insulation & 1.4 & 8.1 \\ \hline \multirow{5}{*}{Vertical internal partitions} & \multirow{5}{*}{Vertical internal partitions} & Interior finishes (painting, & & \\  & & tiles) & 22.1 & 13.9 \\ \cline{2-5}  & & \multicolumn{1}{c}{Plasterboard sheets and metal} & & \\  & & substructure & 45.9 & 12.2 \\ \cline{2-5}  & & Insulation (rock wool) & 14.3 & 7.9 \\ \cline{2-5}  & & Interior doors and & & 6.3 & 26.7 \\ \cline{2-5}  & & fire-resistant doors & & & \\ \cline{2-5}  & & Interior finishes (painting, & & \\  & & plaster, paving) & 81.2 & 161.0 \\ \cline{2-5}  & & Screeds & 125.0 & 2.0 \\ \cline{2-5}  & & Insulation & 8.7 & 1.5 \\ \hline \multirow{5}{*}{Systems} & Lifts & Lifts & 1.0 & 4.3 \\ \cline{2-5}  & & Heat and energy generators & Heat pumps, photovoltaic & & \\ \cline{2-5}  & & and circulators & panels, pipes, circulators, & 23.2 & 86.3 \\ \cline{2-5}  & & thermal storage thank & & & \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}
Table 5: Material construction phase impacts (A1–A3) for the CNB scenario.