## 1 Introduction  
Most recently, contactless energy transfer (CET) practices have developed more advanced and explored directions. This pioneering technology reflects new opportunities to supply portable devices with electrical energy by eliminating cables, connectors, etc. Such devices traditionally employ a normal cable connection for charging which may contain difficult items for the user and CET becomes an interesting substitute. This rises consistency of such schemes in crucial usages such as aerospace, biomedicine, multi-sensor applications, and robotics. Various techniques are used for constructing CET devices. The modus operandi of these is classified conferring to the means used for energy transfer between the transmitter and the receiver [1, 2, 3, 4]. These CET devices could be acoustics-based [5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10], light-based [11, 12, 13, 14], capacitive based [15, 16, 17, 18], and the greatest set, inductively coupled ones. This last is particularly used in EV as will be discussed in the next section. The two basic theories that accomplish CET using inductive power transfer (IPT) are the [PERSON]'s law of 1820 and the law of magnetic induction discovered by [PERSON] in 1831. Whereas [PERSON] revealed that a current could engender a magnetic field, [PERSON] shown the dualism among the magnetic and the electric field explaining that a time-changing magnetic field interacting with an electrical circuit induces into it an electromotive force. These two principles permitted plentiful applications directing the expansion of the new energy conversion devices. The most basic real improvement in the way of IPT appeared with [PERSON]'s explorations. [PERSON] first initiated wireless power transfer in the 1890s [19], however it is only newly that this expertise has been extensively utilized for common applications. This is especially due to the amplification of high frequency resonant wireless energy tools for the charging of various daily devices. The principle of electromagnetic induction investigated experimentally in 1831 by [PERSON] [20], finds its main use is the classic transformer that having a closed magnetic circuit to concentrate the engendered flux. Their main applications include EV and battery chargers, robots, winches, mobile devices, sensors and actuators. Aside from EV, the IPT technology is employed in many other devices. We can mention low-power chargers (e.g., for mobile phones), medical healthcare treatments (e.g., energy transfer to embedded implants) [21; 22; 23]. Also we find IPT technology in rotating elements (e.g., for radars and aeronautics) [24], links in difficult environments (e.g., drilling devices, underwater apparatus, explosive airs...) [25; 26; 27], auxiliary power supply of magnetic levitation trains [28; 29]. In addition to these applications, many works about the IPT system and its applications could be found in the literature, see e.g., [30; 31; 32; 33; 34; 35; 36]. Moreover, concerning high frequency resonant wireless energy tools for CET and IPT, many works regarding resonant converters have been published, see e.g., [37; 38; 39; 40; 41; 42; 43]. In the present work, we examine first the appropriateness of the different CET available systems for EV. Then we analyze Inductive power transfer IPT in general and point out its main applications. Afterward, we discuss the use of IPT in EV and the different option in the energy managing in EV and hybrid EV concerning battery charging. Next, we review the modes of using the IPT in stationary parking and in road driving. The modeling issues for the IPT system associated with the vehicle structure are then exposed. Finally, the electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) and human exposure analyses are illustrated. This article does not claim to present an exhaustive review of all areas concerned with wireless energy transfer. There are many reviews and technical papers published in these different fields where researchers and engineers involved in the subject can find almost all the technical details.