# Manufacturer Channel Encroachment and Evolution in E-Platform Supply Chain: An Agent-Based Model
## 2 Literature Review
### Supply Chain Evolution  
Many scholars have discussed and studied the evolution of supply chains from a dynamic perspective. In the context of disruption risk, [PERSON] et al. measured the complexity and evolution of various network architectures of supply chains [35]. [PERSON] et al. proposed a dumbbell-type multilevel supply chain complex network description rule and evolutionary algorithm to establish an evolutionary model of the integrated supply chain network and its subnetworks, revealing the evolution of statistical features [36]. [PERSON] et al. also looked at disruption risk as well as the evolution of supply chain decisions in terms of temporal dynamics and geographical characteristics using evolutionary game theory (EGT) and meta-cellular automata (CA) methods [37].  
Much attention had been paid to the evolution of competitive-cooperative relationships among supply chain members. [PERSON] examined the competitive and cooperative behaviour in the supply chain of e-commerce platforms using the evolutionary game and ABM theory [38]. To analyse the key variables impacting the evolution, [PERSON] et al. offered a new model of manufacturer-centred supply chain evolution based on external market demand and internal competition cooperation [39]. [PERSON] et al. studied the evolution of supply chain alliance networks from an empirical perspective, using a combination of econometric analysis and simulation experiments [40]. In their discussion of the tourism supply chain, [PERSON] et al. looked at the evolutionary dynamics that lead to collaborations between horizontal suppliers [41]. [PERSON] et al. explore the evolution of supply chain structures and interactions in industrial sectors transitioning to a circular economy using an empirical method [42].  
Scholars have analysed the evolution of different decisions in supply chain operations. In order to understand the evolutionary process of capturing the retailer population through evolutionary analysis, [PERSON] examined the effects of a supplier offering regular wholesale prices and regular single-price breakpoint quantity discounts to multiple retailers participating in the Cournot-Nash competition [43]. Under the setting of unconstrained government incentives and punishments, [PERSON] and [PERSON] simulated the evolution of strategic decisions for each link in the supply chain to establish information nodes individually or collectively [44]. The motive behind information sharing between remanufacturers and recyclers in a closed-loop supply chain, as well as the variables influencing it, are investigated by [PERSON] et al. using evolutionary game theory and system dynamics [45].  
The evolution of supply chains has been discussed from a variety of perspectives and approaches including, but not limited to, evolutionary games, system dynamics, and empirical studies. It is clear from these studies that the supply chain is a complex and dynamic system, and that analysis from a dynamic perspective is more likely to reveal its development patterns. In the many studies of supply chain evolution, there is a lack of analysis of manufacturers' channel encroachment strategies, and this study completes this part of the gap.