## 2 Operation and Control
### Operation Support Tools
#### 2.5.4 Online Tools and Simulators  
Regarding to online tools, [PERSON] et al. [119] design a phasor data simulator and concentrator, which is called the PMU performance analyzer (PPA). In this sense, the authors deliver a simulation tool, which is highly reliable and its use is simple. It is a non-commercial tool, but its development and use are interesting. [PERSON] et al. [120] and [PERSON] et al. [121] present online tools for electricity demand forecast based on ANN models, linear models and fuzzy models. They are tailored tools to address a specific problem, the combination in several stages of different techniques allows an interesting solution to the forecasting problem. The online function of energy management in SG and microgrid is addressed by [PERSON] et al. [122]. The management is done through fully connected neuron (FCN) networks, and its application is optimal for microgrids and SG in general. The physical behavior of the load can be analyzed using the wavelet transform of the time-frequency domain, as shown by [PERSON] [123]. Subsequently, the author uses this information for energy management. The tool simplifies the operation and is validated in a real environment, and the results demonstrate the suitability of the use of specific tools for management. The industrial parks are monitored, since the consumption of their energy is important. Therefore, [PERSON] et al. [124] propose an online monitoring tool in this type of scenario. The tool monitors all system resources, and interacts with them in a simple and transparent way for the operator. [PERSON] et al. [125] present methods for prediction of energy consumption of different appliances in homes; the predictor has two stages, the first is a clustering through k-means, and in a second stage, the prediction is made by cluster. [PERSON] et al. [126] propose a hybrid two-phase online algorithm to put PMUs at selected nodes on the grid and monitor the operating conditions; this simple tool allows to monitor and anticipate problems in the electrical network, and the tool is validated in a real environment. Regarding simulators, [PERSON] et al. [127] employ the tool EnergyPLAN, which is used for hourly balanced and aggregate annual analyses of energy. This tool is very powerful, since it allows to simulate different sectorial behaviors (electricity, transport, heating, cooling, etc.). The tool is simple to use and generates a lot of useful reports after the evaluation of the data. [PERSON] and [PERSON] [128] present DemSi, a DR simulator that allows studying DR actions and schemes in SGs. The tool maximizes market gains through non-linear programming. The maximization takes into account the prices determined for each individual consumer and the price for each type of consumer. [PERSON] et al. [129], [PERSON] et al. [130] and [PERSON] and [PERSON] [131] present simulators for prosumers with DER. Prosumer must be taken into account, since its interaction with the market and the system is fundamental, since prosumer will be responsible for changing the flow of energy. It is also possible to use hybrid methods to the previous ones, and thus simulate the behavior of the market, to obtain information that serves for the regulator or the aggregator. ([PERSON] et al. [132])[PERSON] et al. [133] expand on the open source energy modelling system (OSeMOSYS) simulator, and they describe how blocks of functionality may be added to represent variability in DER, a prioritization of demand types, shifting demand, and storage options. This tool is an open source modeling system, and has already been validated in different electrical scenarios (South America, Africa, etc.). [PERSON] et al. [134] expand the integrated resource strategic planning simulator by including the external cost of power plants and cost of efficiency power plants with nonlinear functions. In a similar way, [PERSON] et al. [135] propose an optimized algorithm for the distribution and localization of DER; the algorithm is validated successfully in a real environment.