# Computer-Aided Design of Traditional Jigs and Fixtures
## 3 Computer-Aided Design of Traditional Jigs and Fixtures  
Figure 1 shows a typical example of jig and fixture [21], which includes the locating units on which the workpiece rests for locating it accurately and constrained it in 3:5 degrees of freedom, the clamping units that hold the workpiece during machining for securing the location of the workpiece and the jig guiding elements which guide the cutting tool for obtaining an accurate machining operation [21, 22]. There is a relationship between the traditional method of jigs and fixture design and the machine elements design. These devices are primarily dependent on the standard parts, i.e., dowel pins, bolts, cams, etc. [3]. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c} \hline
**Ref. No.** & **Authors** & **System Details** & **Remarks** \\ \hline
[9] & [PERSON], [PERSON], and [PERSON] (1995) & Used heuristic rule-based method to generate a fixturing recommendations list which includes the locating and base elements for the fixture. & Presented an expert system for performing the fixture design task and generated a list of fixturing recommendations including the locating and base elements for the fixture. & \\ [PERSON], [PERSON], [PERSON], and [PERSON] (2010) & Used a knowledge model for the fixture design. & Presented an automatic fixture design system developed by knowledge-based engineering application. & \\ [PERSON]. [PERSON], [PERSON], [PERSON], and [PERSON] (2013) & Used an artificial neural networks (ANN)-based algorithm with the design of experiments (DOE). & Proposed a hybrid system for designing the optimum fixture layout to decrease the maximum the workpiece’s elastic deformation caused by the clamping and machining forces during the machining operation. & \\ [PERSON], [PERSON], and [PERSON] (2014) & Used a case-based reasoning method for improving the fixture design process efficiency. & \\ [PERSON], [PERSON], and [PERSON] (2014) & Used a developed hierarchical search system to identify which operations were suitable in terms of manufacturing cost, time, and fixture quality. & \\ [PERSON], [PERSON], [PERSON], and [PERSON] (2016) & Used a package including AutoCAD software and Visual Basic programming language. & \\ [PERSON], [PERSON], [PERSON], [PERSON], and [PERSON] (2018) & Used a technique integrated into a computer-aided fixture design system based on a process-oriented approach. & \\ \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 1: Cont. The jigs and fixtures design process have four phases, which are typically setup planning, jig and fixture planning, unit design, and verification. In the setup planning phase, analyzing the workpiece and machining information is done for determining the suitable position of the locating units and all the setups needed to perform the required machining operations. In the jig and fixture planning phase, six fixturing requirements (physical, tolerance, constraining, affordability, collision prevention, usability) are generated for the setup of a specific manufacturing operation as well as the fixture's layout plan which details the workpiece surface with the positioning of the locating and clamping units. In the unit phase design, the appropriate design generation of units is conducted, such as the design of locating and clamping units for obtaining an accurate location and to overcome the deformation of the fixture components. In the verification phase, the jig and fixture test is carried out. This phase can also be performed before the unit design phase for evaluating the validity of the current fixture system layout [23; 24]. CAD part model description in basic geometrical and topological form cannot be used for process planning directly because it requires information extracted from the CAD part model in the form of features, and then, this information is used in process planning [25]. Thus, the problem of the planning process is how to extract, recognize, and manufacture these features.