## 3 Results  
### Extraction Yield and Chemical Profile of R. officinalis Essential Oil  
The yields of the RoEO extractions were expressed as the volume (mL) of the EO relative to the d.w. of the plant material (leaves) (Figure 1). The highest extraction yield of RoEO was recorded in August 2022 (Ro_7; 1.25 mL/100 g d.w.), and the lowest was highlighted in January 2023 (Ro_12; 1.03 mL/100 g d.w.). The chemical composition of RoEO from Romania, collected over a one-year period, was thoroughly analyzed using GC/MS. This analysis provided a detailed profile of the EO's constituents, revealing significant monthly variations. Key compounds, such as camphor, eucalypt, \(\alpha\)-pinene, camphene, and \(\alpha\)-myrcene, were quantified, alongside lesser-studied constituents like \(\beta\)-pinene, \(\alpha\)-terpinene, linalool, terpinolene, and carvacrol. Comparisons were made with a reference sample from Tunisia (Table 1; Figures S1-S13). In the RoEO from Romania, between 36 and 41 compounds were identified and also quantified from a percentage point of view of the total identified components for each EO sample, as follows: 36 compounds for Ro_2, Ro_4, and Ro_9 (98.50%, 98.21%, and 99.06%, respectively); 37 compounds for Ro_3, Ro_7, and Ro_8 (98.26%, 99.22%, and 99.19%, respectively); 38 compounds for Ro_10 (99.19%); 39 compounds for Ro_12 (99.28%); 40 compounds for Ro_6 and Ro_11 (98.99% and 99.34%, respectively); and 41 compounds for Ro_1 and Ro_5 (98.85% and 99.05%, respectively) (Table 1). Figure 1: Extraction yield of rosemary EO, expressed as volume (mL) of EO per 100 g d.w. of leaves. d.w.: dried weight; EO: essential oil; Ro: _Rosmarinus officinalis_; Ro_1 to Ro_12: samples of rosemary EO (February 2022 to January 2023). \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l} \hline \hline \multicolumn{1}{c}{No.} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{**Compound**} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{**to (min)**} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{**RI (NIST)**} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{**Ro.1**} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{**Ro.2**} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{**Ro.3**} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{**Ro.4**} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{**Ro.5**} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{**Ro.6**} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{**Ro.7**} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{**Ro.8**} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{**Ro.9**} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{**Ro.10**} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{**Ro.11**} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{**Ro.22**} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{**Ro.Tunise**} \\ \hline
42 & Hum Humaine & 29.36 & 1454 & – & – & – & 0.24 & 0.26 & –  
From the point of view of the variation in terpenoid content (maximum; minimum) in RoEO, the following considerations can be made: oxygenated monoterepenes reach the highest concentration (66.94% in February 2022--Ro_1; 56.82% in October 2022--Ro_9), followed by monoterepene hydrocarbons (40.28% in October 2022 and January 2023--Ro_9 and Ro_12, respectively; 30.06% in February 2022--Ro_1), sesquiterpene hydrocarbons (2.44% in May 2022--Ro_4; 0.90% in August 2022--Ro_7), and oxygenated sesquiterpenes (0.23% in June 2022--Ro_5; 0.02% in October 2022--Ro_9). Among oxygenated monoterepenes, the highest concentration was recorded for camphor (40.03% in February 2022--Ro_1; 29.29% in October 2022--Ro_9), followed by eucalypt (16.16% in February 2022--Ro_1; 13.07% in October 2022--Ro_9), endo-borneol (6.40% in March 2022--Ro_2; 3.83% in August 2022--Ro_7), verbenone (3.37% in August 2022--Ro_7; 2.18% in May 2022--Ro_4), and \(\alpha\)-terpinyl propionate (1.91% in March 2022--Ro_2; 1.51% in October 2022--Ro_9). The highest concentration among monoterepene hydrocarbons was evidenced for \(\alpha\)-pinene (19.46% in October 2022--Ro_9; 11.36% in February 2022--Ro_1), followed by camphene (9.76% in November 2022--Ro_10; 8.16% in August 2022--Ro_7), \(\beta\)-cymene (4.27% in February 2022--Ro_1; 1.95% in December 2022--Ro_11), D-limonene (4.13% in February 2022--Ro_1; 3.59% in November 2022--Ro_10), and \(\alpha\)-myrcene (3.08% in January 2023--Ro_12; 1.65% in February 2022--Ro_1).