## 3 Results and Discussion
### Energy Balance  
When hazardous waste is treated in a plasma-chemical reactor, the organic part of waste (including toxic substances) and complex inorganic compounds are mainly decomposed by direct interaction with an electric arc and gas thermal radiation, while the non-combustible amount of waste is partially evaporated (non-combustible part of waste with a low melting point) and is removed from the reactor together with the exhaust gases. The remaining non-combustible waste is melted and accumulates at the bottom of the reactor, where it continues to function as an anode. The melt was collected at the reactor anode and transferred to a container. In order to establish thermal balance, it is necessary to evaluate all thermal processes occurring in a plasma-chemical reactor, neutralize hazardous substances and determine their performance. It would include the following:  
\(Q_{1}\)--plasma torch power;  
\(Q_{2}\)--the energy released in the reactor during exothermic reactions, if any;  
\(Q_{3}\)--energy loss associated with all parts of the plasma-chemical reactor cooling;  
\(Q_{4}\)--energy losses related to endothermal reactions in the reactor, if any are run. So, the energy balance equation would be the following:  
\[Q_{1}+Q_{2}=Q_{3}+Q_{4}+\Delta.\ (\mathrm{kW}) \tag{1}\]  
Here, \(\Delta\) is an error that evaluates assumptions, measurements, calculations, etc. Plasma torch and plasma-chemical reactor tests were performed using zeolite granules and clay as waste. The estimated energy consumption for the molten material amount obtained is listed in Table 2. By using the energy balance equation, the amount of energy used to process the raw material can be calculated as follows:  
\[Q{=}\ Q_{1}-Q_{PR}-Q_{CR}-Q_{EX}-Q_{6}.\ (\mathrm{kW}) \tag{2}\]  
Here, \(Q_{1}\) is the plasma torch power, which is equal to the transmission of the thermal and kinetic energies of electrons:  
\[Q_{1}=I\bigg{(}2.5\frac{kT_{e}}{e}+V_{a}\bigg{)}.\ (\mathrm{kW}) \tag{3}\]  
\(Q_{PR}\) is energy loss associated with plasma-chemical reactor cooling. It consists of losses of the plasma torch cooling \(Q_{P}\) and reactor housing cooling \(Q_{R}\). \(Q_{CR}\), in our case, would be heat loss by convection and radiation from the reactor anode and the sole plate. \(Q_{EX}\) is the energy of the hot gas exiting the reactor. In our experiment, the exhaust gas flow rate is 1.1 (plasma torch) + 2.63 (shielding gas) = 3.73 g/s. \(Q_{6}\) is energy loss by exhaust melted domains. In Equation (3), \(k\) is the Boltzmann constant, J/K; \(T_{e}\) is the electron temperature, K; \(e\) is the electron charge, C; \(V_{a}\) is the anode potential, V; and \(\varphi_{e}\) is the electron work function, V.  
Calculation methodologies should be developed to assess energy consumption and efficiency factors, etc. After estimating all losses, the numbers would be different. Table 3 lists the energy consumption of the feedstock supplied into the reactor. The plasma torch \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c c c} \hline \hline \(Q_{1t}\) & \(Q_{P}\), \(kW\) & \(Q_{R}\), \(kW\) & \(Q_{R}\) & \(Q_{R}\) & \(Q_{R}\) & \(Q_{R}\) & \(Q_{R}\) & \(Q_{R}\) & \(Q_{R}\) \\  & \(kW\) & \(kW\) & \(kW\) & \(kW\) & \(kW\) & \(s\) & \(kWh\) & \(kWh\) & \(kWh\)/(kg-s) \\ \hline \hline \multirow{2}{*}{37.1} & \multirow{2}{*}{6.3} & \multirow{2}{*}{9.2} & Clay & \multirow{2}{*}{21.6} & \multirow{2}{*}{0.53} & \multirow{2}{*}{21.52} & \multirow{2}{*}{5.79} & \multirow{2}{*}{3.71} \\  & & & & & & & & \\ \multirow{2}{*}{40.0} & \multirow{2}{*}{6.8} & \multirow{2}{*}{10.8} & Clay & \multirow{2}{*}{21.6} & \multirow{2}{*}{0.53} & \multirow{2}{*}{21.52} & \multirow{2}{*}{5.79} & \multirow{2}{*}{3.71} \\  & & & & & & & & \\ \multirow{2}{*}{40.0} & \multirow{2}{*}{6.8} & \multirow{2}{*}{10.8} & Clay & \multirow{2}{*}{23.4} & \multirow{2}{*}{0.67} & \multirow{2}{*}{26.8} & \multirow{2}{*}{3.6} & \multirow{2}{*}{7.44} \\  & & & & & & & & & \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 2: The energy consumption, estimated for the total amount of melt.