esa-sceva/satcom-chunk-collection huggingface dataset:
## Materials and Methods
### Background and Motivations
In this phase, another dedicated surveillance processing application that is compliant with applicable RTCA (Radio Technical Commission for Aeronautics) standard DO-317 [24] was designed and implemented. ASACAS 2p0 improved the collision avoidance functionality that was already implemented in ASACAS version 1p0, and it designed and integrated the functionalities of separation assurance (modifying and evolving the baseline self-separation functionality from SEPARA [20; 21]), TCAS compatibility check, and situational awareness. Moreover, ASACAS 2p0 included suitable automation logic that was specifically developed to properly manage the behavior of the whole integrated system. The ASACAS therefore provides the RPAS with the following automatic capabilities:  
* Assistance to separation assurance to perform a separation maneuver when required to remain well clear of other traffic aircraft. * Collision avoidance. * Enhanced situational awareness, providing traffic information to allow the RPAS pilot to build their situational awareness related to the surrounding traffic as an enhancement of the remote pilot traffic supervision. * Provision of compatibility information between the ASACAS and the TCAS operations in the case of proximity between the ownship and a TCAS-equipped aircraft. * Provision of an automation logic that coordinates and sequences all the functionalities, based on the risk associated with the surrounding aircraft, and processes the possible remote pilot inputs received through the dedicated human-machine interface (HMI) implemented in the remote pilot station (RPS). Further improvements of the ASACAS are still ongoing in the framework of the EATS project [25; 26], benefitting from the additional experience and know-how gained by CIRA in several international projects both completed (e.g., the EDA-funded project MIDCAS: Mid-Air Collision Avoidance System [27; 28]) and currently ongoing (e.g., the Clean Sky 2-funded project COAST [4; 5; 7; 8]). Such improvements were focused on the improvement of the algorithms for detection and resolution and not on any change of the sensor for traffic detection, which remains the ADS-B IN to address cooperative traffic detection. Other works that make use of different sensors are available in literature, including papers vision-based intruder detection systems [29], but the consideration of such systems is not foreseen as a future extension of ASACAS, at least for the time being and the near future.
## 5 Integration of Sorption Systems On-board
### Cascade System  
This system is optimized for freezing applications in combination with a plate freezer or direct expansion units. A cascade thermodynamic cycle is performed: a sorption chiller operates as the topping cycle; a vapour compression chiller operates as the bottoming cycle. The sorption chiller, based on the specific technology and working pair chosen, can exploit both 90 \({}^{\circ}\)C or 200 \({}^{\circ}\)C heat sources and is cooled down by seawater temperature. The useful effect provided at the evaporator is used to cool down the condenser of the vapour compression chiller, thus increasing its EER and reducing the electricity needed. The different temperature lift at the compression unit can even double its efficiency [40]. However, this configuration presents a main drawback, which needs to be carefully evaluated: indeed, each refrigeration unit (i.e., the sorption unit and the compression unit) depends on the other. Consequently, in order to keep the reliability standard, the system should be designed so that the compression unit is able to work directly in connection with the seawater Heat Exchanger (HEX) or so that a back-up unit exists. The main components and schematic layout of such a configuration are shown in Figure 9. Cascade units combining sorption and compression chillers have been widely studied, both for the case of the silica gel/water or ammonia/water and water/LiBr [40]. This configuration is suitable for all systems, with one main difference: if the top sorption cycle makes use of a working pair that can go below 0 \({}^{\circ}\)C (i.e., exploiting ammonia as refrigerant), the temperature lift in the compression unit can be further reduced.  
Figure 9: Configuration. 1—engine; 2—sorption chiller; 3—seawater condensing heat exchanger; 4—vapour compression chiller; 5—freezing room with expansion unit. Both possible thermal levels for the operation on the heat source side are shown.  
The benefits of the use of such a hybrid system over the reference compression system as stand-alone can be seen in the comparison of the thermodynamic cycle for the compression chiller in the two operating modes in Figure 10. It can be seen here that the operation of as cascade makes it possible to greatly reduce the temperature lift, thanks to the reduction in the condensation temperature--and therefore the work required by the compressor.
## 3 Results
### Endocrine Parameters
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c} \hline \hline  & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**High Adherence to PDLP**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Middle Adherence to PDLP**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Low Adherence to PDLP**} \\ \cline{2-7}  & \(n\) & **OR (CI95\%), _p_** & \(n\) & **OR (CI95\%), _p_** & \(n\) & **OR (CI95\%), _p_** \\ \hline BMI \(>30\) kg/m\({}^{2}\) & 6 & 0.60 (0.22; 1.65), \(p\) = 0.32 & 8 & 1.04 (0.40; 2.68), \(p\) = 0.93 & 10 & 1.52 (0.61; 3.79), \(p\) = 0.36 \\ BMI \(>25\) kg/m\({}^{2}\) & 14 & 0.42 (0.20; 0.89), \(p\) = 0.02 * & 25 & 2.09 (1.00; 4.34), \(p\) = 0.04 * & 21 & 1.11 (0.54; 2.28), \(p\) = 0.77 \\ WHR \(>0.80\) & 23 & 1.24 (
# Survey on Modelling and Techniques for Friction Estimation in Automotive Brakes
###### Abstract  
The increased use of disc brakes in passenger cars has led the research world to focus on the prediction of brake performance and wear under different working conditions. A proper model of the brake linings' coefficient of friction (BLCF) is important to monitor the brake operation and increase the performance of control systems such as ABS, TC and ESP by supplying an accurate estimate of the brake torque. The literature of the last decades is replete with semi-empirical and analytical friction models whose derivation comes from significant research that has been conducted into the direction of friction modelling of pin-disc couplings. On the contrary, just a few models have been developed and used for the prediction of the automotive BLCF without obtaining satisfactory results. The present work aims at collecting the current state of art of the estimation techniques for the BLCF, with special attention to the models for automotive brakes. Moreover, the work proposes a classification of the several existing approaches and discusses the relative pro and cons. Finally, based on evidence of the limitations of the model-based approach and the potentialities of the neural networks, the authors propose a new state observer for BLCF estimation as a promising solution among the supporting tools of the control engineering.  
brake linings coefficient of friction; friction phenomena; friction modelling; friction estimation; wheel torque observer
## 5 Numerical Examples
### An Example of a Large-Sized Experiment
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c c c} \hline \hline  & \multicolumn{3}{c}{**FCFS**} & \multicolumn{3}{c}{**SFLA**} & \multicolumn{3}{c}{**ISFLA**} \\ \hline
**N** & **Z** & **T** & **Gap (\%)** & **Z** & **T** & **Gap (\%)** & **Z** & **T** \\ \hline
50 & & & & & & & & \\
1 & 2,592,060.5 & 1.9 & (0.1) & 3,070,361.5 & 2456.1 & 18.3 & 2,595,948.5 & 3223.3 \\
2 & 2,648,510.2 & 2.0 & 14.1 & 2,644,852.3 & 2341.4 & 13.9 & 2,321,576.5 & 3530.5 \\
3 & 2,785,803.8 & 2.0 & 18.9 & 2,843,812.2 & 2442.1 & 21.3 & 2,343,809.5 & 3098.9 \\
4 & 2,507,274.3 & 1.9 & 27.9 & 1,973,747.2 & 2543.2 & 0.7 & 1,960,933.9 & 2977.0 \\
5 & 1,636,155.9 & 1.9 & 17.9 & 1,656,152.2 & 2523.5 & 19.3 & 1,388,291.0 & 2815.0 \\
6 & 1,475,022.1 & 2.1 & 8.9 & 1,555,821.3 & 2422.4 & 14.9 & 1,354,645.0 & 2988.4 \\
7 & 2,293,968.9 & 2.0 & 74.7 & 1,593,912.9 & 2366.2 & 21.4 & 1,313,400.6 & 2999.6 \\
8 & 1,555,521.0 & 2.4 & 6.7 & 1,865,321.0 & 2229.2 & 27.9 & 1,458,157.2 & 2931.3 \\
9 & 2,291,265.0 & 2.0 & 4.8 & 2,471,635.0 & 2553.1 & 13.0 & 2,186,907.5 & 3142.6 \\
10 & 1,756,002.7 & 2.7 & 32.3 & 1,553,631.6 & 2323.2 & 17.1 & 1,327,251.5 & 3214.5 \\ Avg. & 2,154,158.4 & 2.1 & 18.0 & 2,122,924.7 & 2420.0 & 16.3 & 1,825,092.1 & 3092.1 \\ \hline
60 & & & & & & & \\
1 & 4,709,809.5 & 7.5 & 35.6 & 4,299,681.4 & 5213.3 & 23.8 & 3,472,396.1 & 5822.7 \\
2 & 2,953,025.4 & 7.6 & 16.4 & 2,854,712.4 & 5327.0 & 12.5 & 2,536,974.7 & 5538.9 \\
3 & 4,767,009.0 & 7.6 & 30.2 & 4,336,401.3 & 5282.1 & 18.4 & 3,662,545.9 & 5397.2 \\
4 & 3,228,876.4 & 7.6 & 38.9 & 2,686,814.4 & 5177.0 & 15.6 & 2,324,015.3 & 3254.3 \\
5 & 5,007,260.9 & 7.6 & 3.2 & 5,196,307.9 & 5153.0 & 7.1 & 4,852,986.7 & 3432.5 \\
6 & 4,287,543.9 & 7.3 & 43.0 & 3,766,731.2 & 5431.2 & 25.6 & 2,997,992.0 & 5497.2 \\
7 & 3,798,522.1 & 7.9 & (4.1) & 4,336,601.6 & 5369.6 & 9.5 & 3,959,739.6 & 6162.2 \\
8 & 4,813,647.0 & 8.9 & 10.3 & 5,254,204.0 & 5161.3 & 20.4 & 4,364,050.0 & 2824.0 \\
9 & 3,559,317.1 & 8.1 & 44.0 & 3,153,893.1 & 5134.1 & 27.6 & 2,470,898.9 & 3330.4 \\
10 & 4,990,244.7 & 8.3 & 3.0 & 5,770,216.7 & 5284.1 & 19.1 & 4,842,827.4 & 7417.4 \\ Avg. & 4,211,525.6 & 7.8 & 18.7 & 4,165,556.4 & 5253.3 & 17.4 & 3,548,442.7 & 4867.7 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular} Z: \(Z\) value; T: Time (s); GAP: the gap in percentage compared to the ISFLA.  
\end{table} 
Table 4: \(Cont.\)  
Figure 15: The average **Z** (cost) of different approaches under different coming ships.
###### Abstract  
During the storage of wines in bottles, especially white wines, tartrate crystallization often occurs, which reduces the commercial value of the wines and therefore needs to be avoided by performing cold stabilization treatments before bottling. However, whether different cold treatment durations impact the quality of a wine's aroma has not yet been of special concern. This research was conducted at an industrial scale to explore how cold treatments at \(-5.3\)\({}^{\circ}\)C for 10 to 15 days impact the organic acids, aroma compounds, and sensory quality of Riesling dry white wines, and the variation was documented at the end of treatment, and at 6 and 12 months of bottle storage. The results showed that cold treatments significantly reduced tartaric acid concentrations and significantly affected the concentrations of most aroma components in the wines only after 12 months of bottle storage, including the main components of esters, norisoprenoids, terpenoids, and furfural. Moreover, the concentrations of some components showed an increasing trend with the bottle storage, especially 1,1,6-trimethyl-1,2-dihydronaphthalene (TDN), the characteristic volatile of Riesling wine, suggesting that an acidic condition resulting from cold treatment might facilitate the conversion of some aroma precursors into volatiles. In conclusion, cold stabilization treatments, within limits, can improve tartaric acid stability and could promote the conservation of aroma compounds during bottle storage without adversely affecting the aroma profile of the wines.  
old stabilization; aroma; organic acid; bottle storage; white wine Article
## 3 Semantic Service Description and Context-Based Orchestration
### Construction of Ontologies
#### 3.2.2 Selection of an Upper Ontology
Given its characteristics, among the three prior discussed ontologies, the AVILUS-Ontology has shown to be the most suitable one for our use case. Multiple connections between AVILUS concepts and concepts of our domain ontology could be established. For the linking of \"device\", one of our main concepts, there were two possible mappings in it, \"Resource\" and \"PhysicalTool\", both terminal sub concepts of \"entity\". The decision in favor of \"PhysicalTool\" is founded in the general axiomatic similarity of both concepts with the difference that in \"PhysicalTool\" there is already stated, by means of the object property \"isToolOf\", that a \"PhysicalTool\" is necessary to exert a specific process. Due to the mapping of \"device\" and \"PhysicalTool\" the obvious consequence is to link our \"operation\" concept, modeling an action performed by a device, with the concept \"process\" in AVILUS. At last, all concepts provided in our parameter ontology are linked in some way to the AVILUS \"attribute\" concept, which is used to describe either a process or an entity in more detail. The concepts of the parameter ontology can roughly be differentiated in two categories, (1) the ones which are used in small ontologies provided by a device to provide information about itself, e.g., the kind of resource which is used and it's normalized consumption of it; and (2) the concepts referred to from the plant ontology in which context-dependent information is stored (e.g., state of a field device). This distinction finds its match in the two specializing concepts \"InternalAttribute\", modeling intrinsic properties like the information of the first category, and \"RelationalAttribute\", which describes an entity in the context of its environment, corresponding to the second category. Hence, we achieved a sensible linkage of our ontology to the AVILUS-Ontology, including sub-concepts all of its three core concepts \"entity\", \"process\" and \"attribute\", fully utilizing its semantics from the perspective of our use case.
## 1 Introduction
* We develop an adaptive weighting mechanism for the advanced MSCR model. This mechanism intelligently prioritizes data sources based on their current relevance, ensuring optimal prediction accuracy
* We comprehensively analyze the impact of different data inputs on network traffic prediction. This analysis offers valuable insights for optimizing B5G cell site management strategies. * We demonstrate the superior performance of both models through rigorous comparison with established baselines: ARIMA, ST-ResNet [19], T-DenseNet [20], and CNN-RNN [13] and recent transformer-based methods TSMixer [17] and SAMformer [18]. This paper includes a review of related work in Section 2, the optimization of hyperparameters and manuscript preparation in Section 3, an overview of the dataset in Section 4, a detailed explanation of the TE-CNN-RNN and MSCR models along with data preprocessing in Section 5, and the experimental setup and results in Section 6, and concludes with our findings in Section 7.
# Classification of Hyperspectral Images Based on Supervised Sparse Embedded Preserving Projection
###### Abstract  
Dimensionality reduction is an important research area for hyperspectral remote sensing images due to the redundancy of spectral information. Sparsity preserving projection (SPP) is a dimensionality reduction (DR) algorithm based on the \(l_{1}\)-graph, which establishes the relations of samples by sparse representation. However, SPP is an unsupervised algorithm that ignores the label information of samples and the objective function of SPP; instead, it only considers the reconstruction error, which means that the classification effect is constrained. In order to solve this problem, this paper proposes a dimensionality reduction algorithm called the supervised sparse embedded preserving projection (SSEPP) algorithm. SSEPP considers the manifold structure information of samples and makes full use of the label information available in order to enhance the discriminative ability of the projection subspace. While maintaining the sparse reconstruction error, the algorithm also minimizes the error between samples of the same class. Experiments were performed on an Indian Pines hyperspectral dataset and HJ1A-HSI remote sensing images from the Zhangjiang estuary in Southeastern China, respectively. The results show that the proposed method effectively improves its classification accuracy.  
hyperspectral; dimensionality reduction; sparse representation; supervised sparse embedded preserving projection (SSEPP) +
Footnote †: journal: Applied Sciences
# Mobile Internet Technology Adoption for Sustainable Agriculture: Evidence from Wheat Farmers
## 3 Study Hypothesis for the MIT Adoption
### Mobile Internet Technology Characteristics  
[PERSON] and [PERSON] [64] indicated that some farmers did not utilize IT for safety reasons. In addition, [PERSON] et al. [65] pointed out that overall, security issues are the main obstacle to the adoption of IT. [PERSON] et al. [66] found that security and privacy risks are the main issues when using mobile information services. For example, IT can spread diseases, where hackers can intercept signals, thereby imperiling the safety of individuals' data transmitted. Consequently, the following assumption was made:  
**Hypothesis 2.**_(Awareness of IT risks): farmers aware of IT risks are unlikely to adopt MIT._
# UVSQ-SAT, a Pathfinder CubeSat Mission for Observing Essential Climate Variables
## 2 Scientific Rationale of the UVSQ-SAT Mission
### Earth's Energy Imbalance
Spatially and temporally resolved albedo measurements allow us to observe the impact of changes in land use, aerosols, and clouds, in terms of the reflection of incident solar radiation back to space, essential for Earth's radiation budget and therefore for the climate. The spatial and temporal resolution of the radiative measurements determines the scales of the targeted processes. Ideally, the resolution should be high enough to investigate fine scale processes associated with aerosols and clouds, possibly the most important source of divergence between climate models. A 1-10 km resolution would be appropriate for studying local aerosol plumes and clouds. In terms of temporal resolution, being able to follow, even in a crude way, diurnal variations would be a major step forward, in particular for diurnal cycles of clouds or the formation of secondary aerosols (e.g., sulfur, nitrates, which are formed by photochemistry). It is worth pointing out that the albedo issue is at the heart of geo-engineering (or rather, climatic intervention) by solar radiation management, notably using the injection of aerosols or precursors in the atmosphere. High resolution radiative measurements would help to characterize to what extent aerosols affect directly the albedo and indirectly the cloud properties on small scales, today a sort of analogues for geo-engineering. More generally, these measurements would help to carry out process studies on the relationship between initial perturbations and atmospheric response at local scales in terms of shortwave and longwave radiation.
# Energy Harvester Based on a Rotational Pendulum Supported with FEM
## 3 Design and Modeling of an Energy Harvesting System with a Rotational Pendulum  
In electromagnetic energy harvesting systems, the voltage is induced in coils according to [PERSON]'s law by the changing of the magnetic flux in the coils. In this pendulum-based electromagnetic EH system, modulation of magnetic potential using the alignment of additional magnets is proposed. In the analyzed prototype, the adjustable potential is produced by two symmetrically mounted magnetic pairs (see Figure 2), changing the character of the system. This EH system was designed entirely with non-magnetic or weak magnetic materials using 3D printing (ABS--acrylonitrile butadiene styrene), plastic (nylon), and aluminum; the motivation was to avoid undesirable magnetic interaction with the system's other parts. Optionally, external pendulums can also be attached to the system on its sides to increase the moment of inertia and to overcome potential barriers by full rotations. The magnetic-electrical circuit consisted of 12 magnetic coils connected in series and two types of permanent magnets, one in the form of the tip mass mounted at the end of the pendulum and two pairs of adjustable magnets placed inside the plastic housing tunnels (Figure 3).  
A compact EH system was designed here by limiting the system's dimensions to 10 cm in any direction from the center (see Figure 3a). The design allowed for versatile coil connections; for example, we connected six coils on a single wall of the system. Within these coils, we strategically placed four additional adjustable permanent magnets--two on each side of the system (Figure 3b). These magnets played a crucial role in electromagnetic induction within the system and influenced the movement of the pendulum by creating a double potential well.  
Figure 2: Magnetic interaction in the energy harvester. The additional magnets are movable axially, which changes the magnetic force between permanent magnets. The maximum distance by which the additional magnet can be moved axially is x = 13 mm.  
Mechanical and electrical properties of this EH system are listed in Table 1. More information on the technical issues of such EH systems can be found in [49], in which experiments and the simplified FEA (2D planar) are described. As this study will combine two-stage modeling, i.e., a 3D FEM electromagnetic model and simulating the mathematical model using MATLAB (v2022b) software, the actual physical quantities of the system are specified in Table 1. Mechanical and electrical features were used for preparation of the 3D model in COMSOL (v5.3) Multiphysics software.