# Using Long-Range Wireless Sensor Network to Track the Illegal Cutting Log
## 3 Result and Discussion
### LoRa Tracking Performance  
In the illegal logging application, the scenario that might occur if the thieves have cut down the tree, the location of the logs will be moved. So, in the second scenario, the system was tested to detect the new location of the logs for a tracking direction. This scenario was carried out by moving a sensor node TX1 and sensor node TX2 away from the gateway OLG01 with LoS and Non-LoS area as seen in Figure 10a-c. The scenario test of LoS location can be seen in Figure 12. Line of sight tracking scenario at the proposed system revealed the movement of sensor node TX1 or TX2 for 135\({}^{\circ}\) as far as 901.13 m, 150\({}^{\circ}\) as far as 423.99 m, 100\({}^{\circ}\) as far as 408.64 m, and 60\({}^{\circ}\) as far as 370.89 m, away from the OLG01 gateway. This testing aimed to examine the distance range or how far the system can track the log's position based on the gateway's connection. Figure 11: Comparison Graph of Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI) Value of LoS and Non-LoS. The moving of the GPS position result can be seen in Table 2. The position of the gateway OLG01 is placed in a location with Latitude \(-6.96966\) and longitude 107.632. The sensor nodes TX1 and TX2 are moved from the gateway position to the predetermined position, as seen in Figure 12. The new GPS value of the moving sensor node can be tracked by analyzing the latitude and longitude value position of the GPS. The result in Table 3 reports the new position of the sensor node that identified the sensor node movement. The system cannot detect the sensor node's new location when TX2 moved farther than 901.13 m from LoRa Gateway since it is far from the range of LoRa Gateway. Time processing to deliver the information is in real-time with a range of 2-5 s.  
Figure 13 shows the tracking scenario of the N-LoS location at a small forest inside the Telkom University area. This scenario is also the same as the LoS scenario carried out by moving sensor node TX1 and sensor node TX2 away from the gateway OLG01 as seen in Figure 10b. The non-line of sight (N-LoS) tracking scenario in the proposed system tracked the moving sensor node TX1 or TX2 for 45\({}^{\circ}\) \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Gateway Position** & **Sensor Node** & **GPS New Location** & **Direction Degree** & **Range (Meter)** & **Processing Time (s)** \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{Latitude \(-6.974782\) Longitude 107.629622} & \multirow{2}{*}{TX2} & Lat \(-6.96792\) & \multirow{2}{*}{135\({}^{\circ}\)} & \multirow{2}{*}{901.13} & \multirow{2}{*}{5} \\  & & Long 107.630331 & & & \\ \cline{1-1} \cline{4-5} \cline{7-7}  & & Lat \(-6.973246\) & \multirow{2}{*}{45\({}^{\circ}\)} & \multirow{2}{*}{25} & \multirow{2}{*}{266.37} \\ \cline{1-1} \cline{4-5} \cline{7-7}  & & Long 107.631489 & & & \\ \cline{1-1} \cline{4-5} \cline{7-7}  & & Lat \(-6.976169\) & \multirow{2}{*}{305\({}^{\circ}\)} & \multirow{2}{*}{20} & \multirow{2}{*}{264.20} \\ \cline{1-1} \cline{4-5} \cline{7-7}  & & Long 107.631576 & & & \\ \cline{1-1} \cline{4-5} \cline{7-7}  & & Lat \(-6.972918\) & \multirow{2}{*}{150\({}^{\circ}\)} & \multirow{2}{*}{34} & \multirow{2}{*}{362.28} \\ \cline{1-1} \cline{4-5} \cline{7-7}  & & Long 107.626974 & & & \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 2: Test Result Tracking of Proposed System at LoS Location. Figure 12: LoS Tracking Scenario.