# Narrowband Internet-of-Things to Enhance the Vehicular Communications Performance
###### Abstract  
The interest in vehicle-to-vehicle communication has gained a high demand in the last decade. This is due to the need for safe and robust smart communication, while this type of communication is vulnerable to latency and power. Therefore, this work proposes the Narrowband Internet-of-Things to enhance the robustness of the vehicular communication system. Accordingly, the system's QoS is enhanced. This enhancement is based on proposing two parts to cover the latency and the harmonics issues, in addition to proposing a distributed antenna configuration for the moving vehicles under a machine learning benchmark, which uses the across-entropy algorithm. The proposed environment has been simulated and compared to the state-of-the-art work performance. The simulation results verify the proposed work performance based on three different parameters; namely the latency, the mean squared error rate, and the transmitted signal block error rate. From these results, the proposed work outperforms the literature; at the probability of \(10^{-3}\), the proposed work reduces the peak power deficiency by almost 49%, an extra 23.5% enhancement has been attained from the self-interference cancellation side, and a bit error rate enhancement by a ratio of 31%. the QoS for communication links, i.e., the verified Dedicated Short-Range Communication (DSRC) technique, which can test the latency issue in the communications benchmark between the V2V and LTE systems. The DSRC has been studied thoroughly and successfully implemented in the vehicle's communications propositions. It has the advantage of collision avoidance and traffic information; therefore, it is easy to be implemented either in safety or non-safety applications. Furthermore, the link reliability was also investigated in many works based on the block error ratio and the signal-to-noise ratio values, such as the LTE4V2X and the sensing-based semi-persistent scheduling (SPS). SPS could realize the communication links among the vehicles without coordinating the existing infrastructure. They showed the powerfulness of the combined benchmark and its feasibility to be deployed in many applications. Although there are so many recommendations to be deployed in the recent technologies, there are some problems to be tackled. Including, the latency issue and the link efficiency [8; 9; 10; 11; 12; 13; 14]. In the recent wireless technologies that use the IEEE802.11p standard, the Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) technology is the solution to enhance the QoS based on mitigating the channel effects. Therefore, it is considered the dominant technology in recent years. One of these technologies is the NB-IoT which provides the spectrum-reuse ability and occupancy under the in-band mode. Accordingly, a huge number of nodes can be interconnected efficiently concerning the minimal bandwidth availability. OFDM offers the best usage of the limited bandwidth, especially under the overlapping occurrence. Therefore, the V2V physical layer and medium access control layer will be modified to enhance the QoS for such massive-machine connections based on the power consumption, data rate, and complexity factors. However, the constraints of using OFDM under mm Waves applications become stricter [3; 4; 8; 15; 16; 17; 18; 19]. Two leading technologies were discussed for the low power wide area (LPWA), namely NB-IoT and the long-range (LoRa). In their work, a comprehensive survey has been conducted. As a result, they are considered efficient solutions for the VANET technologies, in terms of the cost, the capacity, and the lifetime of the batteries. Moreover, such solutions are reflected in the QoS issues, specifically the latency and communication reliability [3; 4]. In [8; 15] the V2V communications were overviewed for the LTE-vehicle (LTE-V) standard, which supports the sidelink. They introduced the needed changes for Releases 14 and 15 physical layers to support the fifth generation (5G).