# Software Defined Networking for Improved Wireless Sensor Network Management: A Survey
## 3 Network Management Based on SDN  
The principle concept behind Software Defined Networking (SDN) is based on the separation of the control plane from the data plane in the architecture of WSNs. This new paradigm allows for a logically centralized controller which is a central program acting as the Network Operating System (NOS) thus controlling and managing the overall behaviour of the network. The network devices such as sensor nodes and switches exist in the data plane and simply forward data based on flow instructions provided by the controller. This approach to network management allows network configuration to be performed globally as opposed to a distributed management scheme which may \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Management Scheme** & **Functionality** & \
\begin{tabular}{c} **Energy** \\ **Efficiency** \\ \end{tabular} & **Robustness** & **Scalability** & **Adaptability** \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{MANNA [25]} & Policy based framework, & \multirow{2}{*}{NA} & \multirow{2}{*}{NA} & \multirow{2}{*}{NA} & \multirow{2}{*}{NA} \\  & fault detection & & & & \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{BOSS [32]} & Network state retrieval, & \multirow{2}{*}{Yes} & \multirow{2}{*}{Yes} & \multirow{2}{*}{No} & \multirow{2}{*}{Yes} \\  & power management & & & & \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{Agilla [31]} & Event detection & Yes & No & No & Yes \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{Sectoral Sweeper [31]} & Switching node on/off & Yes & No & No & No \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{Intelligent Agent- Based Power Management [31]} & \multirow{2}{*}{low power management} & \multirow{2}{*}{Yes} & \multirow{2}{*}{No} & \multirow{2}{*}{No} & \multirow{2}{*}{Yes} \\  & & & & & \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{Mobile Agent Based Power Management [31]} & Policy based & \multirow{2}{*}{Yes} & \multirow{2}{*}{Yes} & \multirow{2}{*}{No} & \multirow{2}{*}{Yes} \\  & management & & & & \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{RRP [31]} & Data aggregation & Yes & No & No & No \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{SNMS [31]} & Health and event data & \multirow{2}{*}{Yes} & \multirow{2}{*}{Yes} & \multirow{2}{*}{No} & \multirow{2}{*}{No} \\  & collection & & & & \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{SNMP [31]} & Network function & \multirow{2}{*}{No} & \multirow{2}{*}{Yes} & \multirow{2}{*}{No} & \multirow{2}{*}{Yes} \\  & definition and & & & & \\  & monitoring & & & & \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{WSNManagement [33]} & Performance and fault & \multirow{2}{*}{No} & \multirow{2}{*}{Yes} & \multirow{2}{*}{No} & \multirow{2}{*}{Yes} \\  & management & & & & \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{WinMS [31]} & Synchronisation, local & \multirow{2}{*}{Yes} & \multirow{2}{*}{Yes} & \multirow{2}{*}{Yes} & \multirow{2}{*}{Yes} \\  & repair and state retrieval & & & & \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{SenOS [31]} & Triggering node on/off & Yes & No & No & No \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{AppSleep [31]} & Power Management & Yes & Yes & Yes & No \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{
\begin{tabular}{c} Energy level \\ management [31] \\ \end{tabular} } & Power management & Yes & Yes & No & No \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{EASA [44]} & Self-sustaining energy & \multirow{2}{*}{Yes} & \multirow{2}{*}{Yes} & \multirow{2}{*}{No} & \multirow{2}{*}{No} \\  & management & & & & \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{MOTE-VIEW [52]} & Network state and & \multirow{2}{*}{Yes} & \multirow{2}{*}{No} & \multirow{2}{*}{Yes} & \multirow{2}{*}{No} \\  & visualisation & & & & \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{EPMOSt [57]} & Passive network & \multirow{2}{*}{Yes} & \multirow{2}{*}{Yes} & \multirow{2}{*}{No} & \multirow{2}{*}{Yes} \\  & monitoring & & & & \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 1: Available WSN management systems evaluation against the design criteria. require individual configuration of network devices to change network behaviour. The overall basic architecture is shown in Figure 1.  
The SDN architecture integrates Application Programming Interfaces (APIs) which provide a working interface between the application, control and data planes.