## 3 Results and Discussion
coli_ and _Staphylococcus aureus_ could be eliminated from a solution with a contact time of three hours if the solution contained copper at a concentration of forty parts per million (ppm), supporting previous research conducted in 2015 showing that at a concentration of 50 mg/mL and a contact time of 24 h, soil material including the metal components Ag, Cu, Zn, and Co was able to kill _E. coli_[27]. This was achieved with a contact time of 24 h. Cu metal can cause damage to the surface of microbial cells and has the potential to kill SAR-CoV-2 [22]. A surface that is covered with Cu metal can also destroy SAR-CoV-2. Based on previous results, we deduced that the metal content of the soil was not capable of killing bacteria to the greatest extent possible in previous studies. As a result, it is essential to achieve the best possible combination of materials with NaOCI. The function of the soil was exploited in the application studied here to enhance the ability of bacteria to absorb nutrients from the soil. The presence of NaOCl compounds affects the mortality of bacteria because NaOCl possesses bactericidal capabilities. These properties manifest themselves through the formation of hypochloric acid and the release of chlorine compounds, both of which alter the morphology of _B. cereus_ bacteria. Figure 1 displays the findings of the research that was conducted using NaOCl concentrations of 0.75 parts per million (ppm), 0.375 ppm, 0.1888 ppm, 0.094 ppm, and 0.047 ppm in the treatment of numerous different combinations. The effect of exposure to NaOCl at several concentrations with a duration of 30 min on the morphology of _Bacillus cereus_ bacteria using fluorescence and Gram staining demonstrated that _Bacillus cereus_ in NaOCl solution at a concentration of 0.047 ppm began to respond by forming more spores to react to stimuli from an unfavorable environment. At a concentration of 0.188, the response was found to be the strongest, with significantly increased spore production. When performing Gram staining using the conventional protocols, it is possible to see on samples that have not been exposed to light-blue NaOCl that the color absorption increases at concentrations ranging from 0.188 ppm to 0.75 ppm. The maximum concentration reached was 0.75 ppm. Because _B. cereus_ is a spore-forming, Gram-positive, aerobic or facultative anaerobic bacterium, the existence of peritrichous ciliature (having a consistent distribution of flagella across the surface of the body) makes it possible for the bacteria to move [22]. Bacilli belonging to the _B. cereus_ species have a morphology that can be described as either thin and straight or slightly curled [28]. The spores of _B. cereus_ bacteria are not harmed by a chlorine concentration of 100 ppm [29], but a chlorine concentration of 100 ppm can cause damage to the vegetative cells of _B. cereus_ bacteria. The ability of _B. cereus_ bacteria to increase at a concentration of 250 ppm of NaOCL could be improved through the exposure of the bacteria to heat stress and chemicals [30]. As shown in Figure 1, the findings of this research indicated that a concentration of 0.75 ppm NaOCl can have the impact of increasing the total number of spores. The application of a treatment consisting of NaOCl and soil produced a more beneficial effect. When it came to increasing the bacteria's ability to adhere to surfaces, NaOCl was more effective in slightly alkaline conditions, whereas the soil was more effective in conditions that were acidic [31]. Table 2 shows that the results regarding decreasing the number of bacteria from each treatment showed slight variations or were typically distributed (\(p>0.05\)), except for the treatment with chlorine 0.09373 + 30% soil, which showed a significant deviation or was not normally distributed (\(p=0.003\)). Table 2 also shows that the treatment with chlorine 0.09373 + 30% soil showed a considerable variation or was not normally distributed (\(p=0.003\)). Figure 1: \(Cont.\)  
Bacteria before and after treatment are shown in Figure 2.