## 8 Conclusions  
The lichenometric analysis of the bedrock fault scarp of the Sta. Eugenia segment of the SCF (Mallorca Island) revealed the occurrence of different exposure events of the fault plane evidenced by differential lichen colonization. These recurrent exposure events result in a clear fault banding that differentiates a lower subvertical fresh fault plane (1.29 m) from an upper and older weathered and karstified one (1.16 m) of rugged topography. These two bands displayed different colonization degrees by two lichen species typical of calcareous rocks: _Aspiclia calcarea (Ac) and Aspiclia radiosa (Ar)_, which could identify up to six ribbons differentially colonized by these lichens. Lichen growth rates (LGR) regression equations have been constructed from lichen growth data collected in three cemetery of the zone, two of them located onto the studied trace of the SCF. After a systematic statistical analysis of differentially oriented lichen populations (DOLPs), we selected the vertical populations oriented to the NW by their analogy with the studied rocky fault scarp. The lichenometric analysis indicated that the lower band of the fault scarp (ribbons B1 to B3) have historical ages from before the 16 th century. In detail, the ages obtained for ribbon B2 (ca. 1840-1855 CE) allow us to relate it with the 1851 CE Palma Earthquake (VII EMS-VIII ESI07). The dimensions of ribbon B2 (max. 0.47 m width) when compared with its short length along the Sta. Eugenian segment (840 m) rule out its classification as a surface-faulting feature [40; 41] but as some kind of secondary or sympathetic rupture along the fault trace. As defined by [PERSON] [11; 42] a sympathetic rupture is a displacement triggered along a fault that is completely isolated from the main seismogenic fault. The coseismic displacement is due to gravity effects along the fault plane triggered by local stress changes induced by seismic wave propagation, which can occur even far away of the seismogenic fault [11]. This kind of gravity ground failure can also occur during coseismic ground shacking and cracking especially in vertical contacts separating differentially compacted geological materials [40], and particularly in bedrock faults. The application of the ESI07 scale to this feature (ribbon B2) implies a maximum intensity of VIII for the event. Since we are on the trace of a fault active during Neogene and Quaternary times [17; 18; 19; 20], the older analyzed ribbons (B3 to B6; Figure 8) can be assumed to be related to similar coseismic mechanisms caused by older exposure events. The obtained lichen ages indicate that ribbon (B3) can be related to the suspect earthquake (VII EMS) that occurred on the island in 1721 CE, but this event has been recently featured as a huge landslide occurred in the Tramuntana Range [39] about 15 km away from the SCF (Figure 1). The two last ribbons featuring the upper c. 150 cm (B5 and B6) of the fault scarp display evident signals of differential weathering and karstification (Figure 8). These may represent more ancient Holocene earthquakes, presumably within the range of the last 3000-4500 years. Preliminary lichen observations on prehistoric Talayots (1200-1500 BCE) in the island indicate that they display similar lichen assemblages and populations than those observed in the upper ribbons of the ancient fault scarp. However other causes such as fault plane exhumination by erosion processes cannot be ruled out, and maybe these upper older ribbons (B5 and B6) may represent a difficult-to-assess mixture of exhumann by tectonic and non-tectonic processes. Eventually, the basal ribbon B1 can be linked to ground leveling works carried out during the middle 20 th century, which matches with the data coming from the trench excavated in the zone in the year 2002 (Figure 11). This ribbon can be linked to the upper colluvial deposits documented in the trench containing oil-car cars.