# Damping Rates of Anti-Vibration Gloves Made of Different Materials
## 2 Materials and Methods  
At work, people can be exposed to vibration while standing, sitting, lying down, or in some cases, directly in contact with a vibration source. Vibration exposure has become one of the hidden causes of injuries or occupational diseases in many industries. The harmful effects of vibration on health usually become apparent after several years of exposure [2]. Knowing the mechanism of vibration transmission to the human body can help elucidate the body's biodynamic response to vibration exposure. A better understanding of vibration permeability is also necessary to properly design and implement protective measures to reduce harmful vibrations. On this basis, in the present study, the hand-arm vibration exposure of jackhammer operators working in 3 different mining operations was investigated. One jackhammer operator was involved in each mine. Hand-arm vibration exposures of jackhammer operators working in three different mines (A, B, and C) were measured three times, both with and without gloves, and the average values were compared. Repeating the measurements three times and taking the average helped reduce deviations caused by individual differences. Jackhammers (drilling guns equipped with tripods) are typically operated using compressed air. They are employed in horizontal and inclined hole drilling operations in medium-hard and hard rocks and rock drilling operations in mines, railways, dams, and road construction (Figure 1). The same brand and model of jackhammer (TIGER YT 24, Istanbul, Turkey) was used in all three mines. The technical specifications of the jackhammer are provided in the Table 1.  
In field studies, standardizing biomechanical factors such as grip force and posture of the jackhammer operator is particularly challenging. However, certain measures were implemented to enhance the reliability and comparability of the data. Prior to the measurements, jackhammer operators were given verbal instructions on how to apply the appropriate grip force. The standard grip and posture were demonstrated through practical examples. Stabilizing the machine in a fixed position and ensuring that the operator maintained a specific posture contributed to preserving a consistent position during measurements. When grip errors were observed during testing, immediate feedback was provided to the operators, allowing for prompt corrections. These measures were implemented to minimize the inherent variability of field conditions and to enhance the reliability of the collected data. Vibration measurements were performed using an SV 106 hand-arm vibration meter. The analyzer meets the requirements of the TS EN ISO 5349-1 standard [17] and adjusts the Wh filter for hand-arm vibration according to the orientation (Figure 2). The Wh filter is a frequency weighting filter defined in the TS EN ISO 5349-1 standard for evaluating hand-arm vibration (HAV). \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c} \hline \hline
**Air Consumption at 6 Bar** & **60 I/s** \\ \hline Air Hose Diameter & 8 mm \\ Water Pipe Diameter & 5 mm \\ Impact Rate & \(\geq\)31 Hz \\ Hole Diameter & 34–42 mm \\ Sank Size & 22 \(\times\) 108 \\ Piston Stroke & 70 mm \\ Working Pressure & 6 Bar \\ Weight & 24 kg \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 1: Technical specifications of the jackhammer [16]. Figure 1: Jackhammer in operation. In this study, the accelerometer was fixed to the right-hand palm area, where the jackhammer operators were directly exposed to vibration. After the necessary adjustments were made to the device, the intensity of the vibration was measured for three axes, and the data was recorded on the device.