esa-sceva/satcom-chunk-collection huggingface dataset:
## 5 Conclusions  
This research studies the usage habits of an aac application, seeking a better understanding of the needs of its target users. This information is particularly useful in achieving better adaptation of aac strategies to those needs. Adaptation is key for smarter, easier, and more efficient use, enabling more fluent interactions. An analysis of the state of the art revealed the singularity of the perspective of this research, prioritizing usage patterns over more clinic aspects of aac and benefiting from a larger group of participants.  
The data retrieved with PicoDroid Lite demonstrates that it is a useful tool reaching target users who demand accessible solutions, even from lmics. Additionally, being distributed a platform as large as the Android operating system, applications such as PicoDroid Lite can offer their potential and services without cost restrictions or dedicated hardware specifications.  
The tests conducted in this research revealed meaningful insights with respect to common usage of aac applications. Our observations regarding the complexity of the generated phrases suggest that many users could benefit from using more complex methods like the cumulative mode, which offers greater versatility when building said sentences. Nevertheless, the immediacy and straightforwardness of the punctual mode have been proven useful and, by far, more appealing to the general public.  
Furthermore, the conclusions drawn from the sa reinforce the idea that aac communicators need to include default resources to express emotions besides the most functional or routine expressions. aac users demand ways to express how they are feeling, including positive and negative emotions.
## 3 Results and Discussion
### THg in Honda Bay Sediment  
For the past four decades after the abandonment of the Hg mine operations by PQMI, there were very limited studies and monitoring conducted to determine the Hg concentrations in Honda Bay marine sediments. In the present study, analytical results of the THg concentrations in sediments collected from Honda Bay ranged from 0.04-12.7 mg kg\({}^{-1}\). This range of data shows a greater range of THg concentration, compared to the previous measurements conducted by different researchers in the same area some 20 years ago [20; 21; 24]. In the study by [PERSON] and co-workers in 1994 [21], the estimated Hg concentration in Honda Bay sediments (0.003-3 mg kg\({}^{-1}\)) came from the whart, which transported seaward or along the coast; while in this study, the identified possible sources of Hg contamination in Honda Bay marine sediments are the wharf (up to 12.7 mg kg\({}^{-1}\), 250 m from the wharf) and Tagburos River (up to 9.6 mg kg\({}^{-1}\) in river mouth). The present THg concentration in the marine sediment also higher than the global Hg background concentration for sediment. Furthermore, the values gathered in the present study are in the same range of sediment THg concentration in the dredged area of Minamata Bay in 2006, as shown in Figure 4[26]. Finally, such an elevated range of Hg concentrations at Honda Bay could also be biometylated inside the Bay, becoming a significant  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Site Location** & **n** & \begin{tabular}{c} **Mean (Range)** \\ **Concentration (mg kg\({}^{-1}\))** \\ \end{tabular} & **S.D. (mg kg\({}^{-1}\))** & \begin{tabular}{c} **Global Background** \\ **(mg kg\({}^{-1}\))**[25]** \\ \end{tabular} \\ \hline Pit lake & 11 & 124.5 (37.5–454.1) & 123.1 & 0.045–0.16 \\ Tagburos River & 14 & 36.7 (1.8–119) & 41.4 & 0.045–0.16 \\ Honda Bay & 28 & 3.5 (0.04–12.7) & 3.6 & 0.045–0.16 \\ Honda Bay wharf & 6 & 357.3 (102–731.6) & 245.5 & - \\ Mine waste & 7 & 231.4 (52.7–924.2) & 309.8 & - \\ \
\begin{tabular}{c} Calines \\ \end{tabular} & 5 & 10.5 (5.3–11) & 3.7 & 0.045–0.16 \\
\begin{tabular}{c} Soils \\ \end{tabular} & 31 & 7.4 (0.04–67.5) & 13.8 & 0.045–0.16 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}
Table 2: Mean total Hg concentration of different soil and sediment samples collected from different areas.  
source of methylmercury for both the marine and freshwater food chains that might be consumed by local inhabitants.
## 3 Results
### Group Differences in GMV  
Results from the one-way ANOVA revealed that the GMV of bilateral caudate, right thalamus, bilateral calcarine cortex, left precentral gyrus, right orbitofrontal cortex, left cingulate gyrus, and right sub-gyral of the temporal lobe differed among the three groups (\(p<0.05\), FDR corrected, cluster size >40 voxels) (Figures 2 and S1 and Table 2).  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c} \hline \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**Characteristics**} & **HC** & **CSVD-GS** & **CSVD-PS** & \multirow{2}{*}{**Overall \(p\) Value**} \\  & **(_n = 40_)** & **(_n = 23_)** & **(_n = 36_)** & \\ \hline Total WMH volume (cm\({}^{3}\)) & 1.12 \(\pm\) 1.37 & 15.99 \(\pm\) 4.51 & 22.10 \(\pm\) 22.63 & \textless{}0.001 \({}^{\text{a},c}\) \\ \multicolumn{1}{c}{Lacunes, \(n\) (\%)} & 0 & 6 (26.1\%) & 10 (27.8\%) & \textless{}0.001 \({}^{\text{a},c}\) \\ \multicolumn{1}{c}{Microbleeds, \(n\) (\%)} & 0 & 8 (34.8\%) & 14 (38.9\%) & \textless{}0.001 \({}^{\text{a},c}\) \\ \multicolumn{1}{c}{\textgreater{}10 EPVS\_BG, \(n\) (\%)} & 2 (5.0\%) & 8 (34.8\%) & 15 (41.7\%) & \textless{}0.001 \({}^{\text{a},c}\) \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}  
* Significant difference between the CSVD-PS and HC groups. \({}^{\text{b}}\) Significant difference between the CSVD-PS and CSVD-GS groups. \({}^{\text{c}}\) Significant difference between the CSVD-GS and HC groups. CSVD—cereb small vessel disease; HC—healthy controls; GS—good sleepers; PS—poor sleepers; PSQL–Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index; HAMD—Hamiltonian Depression Rating Scale; TIV—total intracranial volume; WMH—white matter hyperintensities; EPVS—enlarged perivascular spaces; BG—basal ganglia.  
\end{table}
Table 1: _Cont._  
Figure 2: Whole brain group differences in GMV. Color regions represent significant differences in GMV (\(p<0.05\), FDR corrected, cluster size >40 voxels). The color bar represents the corresponding F-values. GMV—gray matter volume; FDR—false-discovery rate.  
Among brain regions that showed significant GMV differences among the three groups, post-hoc tests were completed to further determine group differences. The GMV of the right thalamus, bilateral calcarine cortex, left precentral gyrus, and right orbitofrontal cortex in the CSVD-GS group was significantly decreased compared to the HC group. Further, the GMV of the bilateral caudate was significantly increased in the CSVD-GS group compared to the HC group. In addition to the above alterations, when compared with the HC group, the CSVD-PS group also showed increased GMV in the left cingulate gyrus and right sub-gyral of the temporal lobe. Finally, the CSVD-PS group exhibited decreased GMV in the bilateral calcarine cortex yet increased GMV in the right caudate compared to the CSVD-GS group (Figure 3).
## 9 Payload Support
### Pointing Support  
The preliminary ADCS design is based on the University of Surrey's QB50 ADCS specifications [26]. A combination of magnetic torque rods and momentum wheels will be utilized. Processing will be performed by the flight computer, removing the need for additional computing capabilities specific to the ADCS system. Based on the projected performance of the University of Surrey's ADCS unit, pointing accuracy of 1\({}^{\circ}\) is expected for each (x, y, z) axis. Blue Canyon Technologies Flexible ADCS CubeSat Technology (XACT) shows [27] that even greater pointing accuracy may be possible in a similar form factor; their proposed system targets 0.02\({}^{\circ}\) accuracy.
# Review of Land Surface Albedo: Variance Characteristics, Climate Effect and Management Strategy
## 4 Climate Feedback and Management Strategy for Surface Albedo
### Monitoring Short-to-Long-Term Albedo Change and Climate Effects
#### 4.1.2 Albedo Variances Induced by Anthropogenic Land Use
Although a high-albedo street canyon can mitigate the UHI effect, the corresponding mean radiant temperature can increase pedestrian heat stress [195]. In addition, urban-industrial aerosol haze can exhibit dramatic shifts in radiative forcing at the TOA from cooling to warming with changes in surface albedo [72].
## 1 Introduction
This allowed us to provide the first multitemporal RSLR projections up to 2100 for this area, providing high resolution inundation maps based on the IPCC projections downscaled for the Mediterranean Sea. Projections of revised SLR for the central Mediterranean provided by the IPCC 2019 (SROCC report, [PERSON] et al. [7; 26]) predict a rise of 0.15 \(\pm\) 0.04 to 0.20 \(\pm\) 0.05 m by 2050 and 0.33 \(\pm\) 0.07 to 0.72 \(\pm\) 0.13 m by 2100, relative to 2016, based on different RCPs of greenhouse-gas emission scenarios. Figure 1: Tectonic and kinematic sketch of the Sicily–Calabria region. (**A**) The white rectangle is the investigated area in this study (basemap by Google Satellite). The thick red lines show seismic belts not clearly associated with well constrained fault systems. (**B**) Instrumental seismicity [27] and the Italian Seismic Instrumental and parametric Database have been considered (ISIDE; available at [[http://iside.rm.ing.vit](http://iside.rm.ing.vit)]([http://iside.rm.ing.vit](http://iside.rm.ing.vit)) (accessed on 6 January 2021) [28]). Figure 2: Study area of south-eastern Sicily (basemap by Google Satellite); (**a**) Location of the six investigated sites along the coast of southern Sicily (white dots) and position of the GNSS stations (green dots). (**b**) Vertical land velocities (Vup, mm/year) estimated at the GNSS stations located between Catania and Capo Passero within 10 km of the coast. The red and orange squares show the mean Vup values: Vup (A) includes the GNSS stations located at the foot of the Etna Volcano which recorded the uplift linked with the latest eruption activity; Vup (B) is the mean velocity excluding CTAC and EIIV which are located close to Etna. 3. The vertical velocities fit the GIA values for this region which have been estimated between \(-0.5\) and \(-1\) mm/year [29]. IPCC projections have already been used to identify areas of potential inundation in coastal regions of the Mediterranean [11; 17; 18; 30; 31; 32] and especially in USA for planning flood resilience strategies for large coastal urban areas such as in San Francisco, the Los Angeles Basin and New York [16; 33; 34]. In this study, we focus on six selected areas characterized by low elevated topography, relevant coastal infrastructures and natural areas, where the expected SLR could be a potential cause of large inland flooding and morphological changes of the coastal stretches (Figure 2). To reconstruct the retreating coasts in the recent past, optical images from satellites over the last two decades have been analysed in conjunction with tide gauge data and current rates of VLM estimated in this study. An integration between RSRR and effective horizontal shoreline migration allowed to map the future submersion surfaces on high-resolution Digital Elevation Models, thus to predict the submersion scenarios up to 2050 and 2100.
## 3 Results and Discussion
### Carbon Storage in Bamboo Products
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c} \hline \hline
**Source** & **Region** & **Product** & **Carbon Footprint** \\  & & & **(kg CO\({}_{2}\)eq/m\({}^{3}\) Product)** \\ \hline ([PERSON] et al. [14]) & China, Europe & Flattened bamboo flooring boards & \(-524.00\) \\  & China, Europe & Plybamboo panels & \(-148.00\) \\  & China, Europe & Strand-woven bamboo beams & \(-381.00\) \\  & China, Europe & Strand-woven bamboo deciding & \(-23.00\) \\ ([PERSON] et al. [85]) & China & Plybamboo (bleached) & \(-990.00\) \\ (Estimated) & China & Plybamboo (heat treatment) & \(-700.00\) \\  & China & Plybamboo & \(-900.00\) \\ ([PERSON] et al. [86]) & Colombia & Bamboo-story house & \(-20.00\) \\ (Estimated) & Colombia & Glue-laminated bamboo single-story house & \(-10.00\) \\  & Colombia & Glue-laminated bamboo multi-story building & \(-5.00\) \\ ([PERSON] et al. [57]) & China & Bamboo scaffolding & \(-990.00\) \\ ([PERSON] et al. [88]) & Colombia & Bamboo board & \(-2456.00\) \\ ([PERSON] \& [PERSON] [90]) & Thailand & Industrialized bamboo board & \(-11.50\) \\  & Thailand & Non-industrialized bamboo board & \(-6.44\) \\ ([PERSON] et al. [80]) & China & Bamboo scrimer flooring & \(-14.90\) \\ ([PERSON] et al. [91]) & Brazil & Bamboo bio-concrete-B (52.5%)/W (0.5) & \(-55.00\) \\  & Brazil & Bamboo bio-concrete-B (52.5%)/W (0.45) & \(-45.00\) \\  & Brazil & Bamboo bio-concrete-B (52.5%)/W (0.4) & \(-35.00\) \\ \hline
**Source** & **Region** & **Product** & **Carbon Footprint** \\  & & & **(kg CO\({}_{2}\)eq/kg product)** \\ \hline ([PERSON] et al. [85]) & China & Plybamboo (bleached) & \(-980.00\) \\ (Estimated) & China & Plybamboo (heat treatment) & \(-600.00\) \\  & China & Plybamboo & \(-1250.00\) \\ ([PERSON] \& [PERSON] [90]) & Vietnam & Strand-woven bamboo flooring & \(-0.26\) \\  & Vietnam & Bamboo kitchen countertop panel & \(-0.47\) \\  & Vietnam & Strand-woven bamboo mat & \(-0.70\) \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 6: Summary of research on LCA of bamboo products. much wood timber is saved and, hence, how much carbon is stored in a bamboo forest based on the number of bamboo culms harvested annually or biennially.
## 2 Materials and Methods
### Hs-Spm-Gc-Ms-O Analysis  
#### 2.2.1 HS-SPME-GC-MS Analysis  
An approach that has been modified was used to assess the aroma in traditional Chinese bacon [17]. Six grams of skinless, non-smoked bacon was finely minced and transferred into a 40 mL headspace vial. An internal standard of 2-methyl-3-heptanone (1 \(\mu\)L, 1.632 g/L) was subsequently added, and the vial was immersed in a water bath at 50 \({}^{\circ}\)C for 30 min. Solid-phase microextraction (SPME) fiber (50/30 \(\mu\)m, DVB/CAR/PDMS, Supelco, Bellefonte, PA, USA) was used to extract volatiles from samples for 40 min. The volatiles were then desorbed from the fiber by inserting them into the GC-MS (GCMS-QP2020 NX, Shimadzu, Kyoto, Japan) injector for 5 min at 250 \({}^{\circ}\)C. Pure helium served as a carrier gas to separate volatiles in an SH-Stabilwax-MS and SH-Rxi-5 Sil MS capillary column (30 m \(\times\) 0.25 mm, 0.25 \(\mu\)m, Shimadzu, Kyoto, Japan) with the splitless mode. The flow rate was set to 1.0 mL/min, and the oven temperature procedure was carried out as follows: the starting column temperature was held at 40 \({}^{\circ}\)C for 3 min, then raised to 55 \({}^{\circ}\)C at 2 \({}^{\circ}\)C/min and held for 3 min, then raised to 70 \({}^{\circ}\)C at 2 \({}^{\circ}\)C/min, and then raised to 130 \({}^{\circ}\)C at 5 \({}^{\circ}\)C/min. Ultimately, the temperature was further increased to 230 \({}^{\circ}\)C/min at a rate of 10 \({}^{\circ}\)C/min and held for a period of 2 min. Electron impact mass spectra were generated using an ion source (70 eV) at a temperature of 230 \({}^{\circ}\)C, with a complete scan mode range of 30 \(m/z\) to 500 \(m/z\).
## 4 Proposed Protocol Design
### T-Based Routing Topology
It therefore avoids the collision and interference. Another case, node \(A\) detects the event during the process of node \(B^{\prime}s\) PRM and then node \(A\) knows itself to wait for completing the node \(B^{\prime}s\) data transmission. Figure 4: Example showing the usage of wait message. It is noted that from Figure 5, node \(B\) sends PRM to reserve the path when it wants to send the data. And node \(A\) doesn't send ACK or wait message before its scheduled time bound. The source node increases the transmission range and transmits the PRM again to reserve the routing path towards the CN. By this way, it reserves the path to CN, otherwise the source node directly sends data to the BS.
# Volume Loss Assessment with MT-InSAR during Tunnel Construction in the City of Naples (Italy)
###### Abstract  
The construction of tunnels in urban areas can affect the nearby existing infrastructures and buildings, as shallow excavations induce movements up to the ground surface. An important parameter to be monitored during the excavation is the volume loss, which plays a crucial role in determining the ground movements at the surface. InSAR satellite monitoring has the potential to detect ground movements at the millimetric scale on a vast area for tunneling applications. In the present study, the Multi-Temporal InSAR (MT-InSAR) technique, based on the persistent scattering method, is used to retrieve vertical displacements induced by the excavation of twin tunnels of a metro line in the City of Naples (Italy). Here, the volume loss is obtained by fitting a Gaussian curve on the monitored settlement data induced by the excavation of the first tunnel. The latter is then used to predict the settlement of the second excavation about one year later and compared to the MT-InSAR data. These monitored data show the typical shape of the settlement profile, confirming the empirical Gaussian distribution and MT-InSAR capability to detect millimetric displacements. Therefore, MT-InSAR can be used to feed algorithms to improve the prediction of tunneling-induced displacements.  
InSAR monitoring; tunneling; volume loss; ground movements; excavation; urban area 202315255[[https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15102555](https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15102555)]([https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15102555](https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15102555))
## 3 Modeling and Linearization of the System
### Stator Algebraic Equations
#### 3.3.1 Positive Sequence  
The positive sequence corresponds to the model displayed in Figure 1:  
\[0=V_{i}\cos(\theta_{i})+jV_{i}\sin(\theta_{i})+\big{[}(R_{s_{i}}+jX_{di}^{ \prime})(I_{di}+jI_{qi})-(E_{d_{i}}^{\prime}+(X_{q_{i}}^{\prime}-X_{d_{i}}^{ \prime})I_{qi}-jE_{q_{i}}^{\prime})\big{]}e^{i(\beta i-\pi/2)} \tag{19}\]considering:  
\[C_{A_{i}} =R_{s_{i}}I_{di}-X^{{}^{\prime}}_{di}I_{qi}-E^{{}^{\prime}}_{d_{i}}-(X ^{{}^{\prime}}_{q_{i}}-X^{{}^{\prime}}_{d_{i}})I_{qi} \tag{20}\] \[C_{B_{i}} =R_{s_{i}}I_{qi}+X^{{}^{\prime}}_{d_{i}}I_{di}-E^{{}^{\prime}}_{qi} \tag{21}\]  
Then, the equation is:  
\[0= V_{i}\cos(\theta_{i})+jV_{i}\sin(\theta_{i})+C_{A_{i}}\cos(\delta_{i}- \pi/2)+jC_{A_{i}}\sin(\delta_{i}-\pi/2) \tag{22}\] \[+jC_{B_{i}}\cos(\delta_{i}-\pi/2)-C_{B_{i}}\sin(\delta_{i}-\pi/2)\]  
When separated into the real and imaginary parts, it is:  
\[V_{i}\cos(\theta_{i})+C_{A_{i}}\cos(\delta_{i}-\pi/2)-C_{B_{i}} \sin(\delta_{i}-\pi/2) =0 \tag{23}\] \[V_{i}\sin(\theta_{i})+C_{A_{i}}\sin(\delta_{i}-\pi/2)+C_{B_{i}} \cos(\delta_{i}-\pi/2) =0 \tag{24}\]  
Additionally, it is necessary to add the equations of the \(I_{d}\) and \(I_{q}\) currents:  
\[I_{d_{i}} - I^{pos}_{aR_{i}}\cos(\delta_{i}-\frac{\pi}{2})-I^{pos}_{aIm_{i}} \sin(\delta_{i}-\frac{\pi}{2}) =0 \tag{25}\] \[I_{qi} + I^{pos}_{aR_{i}}\sin(\delta_{i}-\frac{\pi}{2})-I^{pos}_{aIm_{i}} \cos(\delta_{i}-\frac{\pi}{2}) =0 \tag{26}\]
## 5 Experiments
### Effect of Coil Structure Parameters  
Firstly, the effect of the number of coil turns on the output signal was explored in the experiment. The experimental conditions are the \(\Phi\)22 mm (\(\Phi\) denotes diameter) wire rope as shown in Figure 24, the wire rope running speed was 6 m/s, and the lift-off distance was 15 mm. The experimental results are shown in Figures 29 and 30. There are three different kinds of coil arrays compared. The first is A = 2, B = 1, C = 1; the second is A = 2, B = 1, C = 3 and the third is A = 2, B = 3, C = 1. A, B, and C are schematically demonstrated in Figure 18. It can be known by analyzing the result that  
Secondly, the relationship between the coil magnetic flux area and the output signal is explored. There are four different kinds of coil arrays compared shown in Figure 31. The only variable is the area of the air gap, A, and A ranges from 2 to 5. Experimental conditions were the same as in the above experiment, and the only difference was the lift-off distance. The lift-off distance in Figure 32a-d is 15 mm, and in Figure 32e-h is 30 mm.  
By analyzing Figure 32, the larger area of magnetic flux, the more sensitive the coil is, and the sensor can pick up a lot of weak signals so that the single broken wires can be distinguished easily. Even though combined with a-d, as the area of magnetic flux increases, the SNR will decrease. The reason for the phenomenon is that the sensor has greater sensitivity causing more noise to be captured. It shows that the magnetic flux area is not as large as possible, and it needs to be coupled with the lift-off distance. To improve the ability to collect signals, the magnetic flux area of the coil with a lift-off distance of 30 mm should be significantly analyzed from Figure 32e-h. The area of the coil sensor should be relatively small with a lift-off distance of 15 mm, which reduces the acquisition of noise signal and improves the SNR of the output signal. Together, the present findings confirm that the sensitivity of the coil sensors should couple with the different magnetic fields to gain an ideal and clear detection signal. The implications of these findings are discussed in Section 6.
# Review of Land Surface Albedo: Variance Characteristics, Climate Effect and Management Strategy
## 4 Climate Feedback and Management Strategy for Surface Albedo
### Discussion of Albedo-Induced Climate Feedback and Albedo Management Methods  
Among numerous studies on the relationship between albedo and climate, some inconsistencies and novel points must be noted. First, although the increase in surface albedo has widely been considered to be a clear and effective solution to mitigate global warming, complex climate mechanisms always lead to varying and even opposing conclusions at different spatiotemporal scales [109; 187]. In particular, the climate effect of agricultural biofuels changes with albedo, and different findings have been obtained, including warming [106] and cooling effects [230]. Meanwhile, albedo-induced side effects have been emphasized in several studies when evaluating climate effect, such as the impact of biochar and highly reflective roof materials on soil amelioration [90; 91] and thermal comfort of pedestrians [109; 210], respectively. In addition, the traditional view holds that wood fuels are green energy resources and promising replacements for fossil fuels, while quantified studies show that wood fuels may lead to a stronger warming effect than fossil fuels [229]. These inconsistent and even controversial analyses conducted at multiple spatiotemporal scales and simulated from many climate models may be ascribed to scale differences and uncertainties in the surface albedo dataset and climate evaluation models. Therefore, a suitable spatiotemporal scale needs to be investigated for different subjects, and improvements and selections are needed for surface albedo products and evaluation models [29] to achieve greater accuracy and consistent conclusions.  
Despite these inconsistencies, the sensitive surface albedo-induced climate feedback demonstrated by numerous studies provides confidence in climate indication, and subsequent albedo management strategies provide practical suggestions on achieving CO\({}_{2}\) emission peak and carbon-neutral goals for multiple countries. Global warming has increased the onset frequency and intensity of a series of extreme climate events [8], which directly affect human survival and urgently need to be resolved worldwide. In terms of disaster prevention and mitigation, previous architectures have mainly focused on the albedo variance characteristics of typical disasters, such as UHIs, hot extremes, forest fires, drought, and floods. Surface albedo is promising for further investigating the formation mechanisms of these disasters, accurate prediction and control measures, and other kinds of climate and meteorological events (e.g., cool extremes and hurricanes) induced by global warming. For time range selection, the long-term LCA method adopted by an increasing number of studies (e.g., decades or 100 years) is recommended to evaluate the comprehensive influence [106; 184; 192; 193]. It should be noted that abbreviations used in this study are presented in Abbreviations part.