# Enhancing Resilience in Digital Twins: ASCON-Based Security Solutions for Industry 4.0
## 3 Proposed Solution
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Sudden spikes in data volume or frequency of communication could impact ASCON's computational overhead and real-time responsiveness. 2. **Resilience Against Advanced Attacks:** While ASCON exhibits robust resistance against common cryptographic attacks, its susceptibility to sophisticated attacks such as side-channel attacks or fault injections warrants careful consideration. These attacks exploit vulnerabilities in ASCON's implementation or its sensitivity to timing variations. 3. **Compatibility and Interoperability:** Integrating ASCON with existing systems and platforms may present compatibility challenges. Ensuring seamless interoperability across diverse IoT devices and communication protocols without compromising security or performance is crucial. 4. **Scalability in Large-Scale Deployments:** ASCON's scalability in deployments involving a large number of IoT devices transmitting data concurrently needs evaluation. Key management, synchronization overhead, and network congestion could affect ASCON's operational efficiency. 5. **Energy Efficiency on Low-Power Devices:** While ASCON is designed to be lightweight, its energy consumption on ultra-low-power devices (e.g., battery-powered sensors) with strict energy constraints may be a concern. Optimizing ASCON's cryptographic operations to minimize energy consumption without compromising security is challenging. 6. **Adaptability to Future Security Threats:** With evolving cybersecurity threats, ASCON's adaptability and resilience to future cryptographic attacks and vulnerabilities require continuous monitoring and updates. Algorithm agility and periodic security assessments are essential to maintain ASCON's effectiveness over time. We elaborated on these potential limitations to provide a balanced view of ASCON's applicability in real-world scenarios. By discussing these challenges, we aim to guide practitioners and researchers in making informed decisions regarding the adoption and implementation of ASCON in diverse IoT and cybersecurity applications. ### Implication of Lightweight Solution

While traditional encryption methods can be highly secure, there are situations that require lightweight encryption solutions, especially in applications where real-time data processing and low latency are critical requirements. For instance, in the power automation system, the minimum tolerable time between fault detection and sending control to the power station should be as low as 4 ms [34]. Hence, our proposed solution with less than 1 ms for encryption and decryption can be used to meet the requirements of a such system. Another implication of this work is related to power consumption. In a scenario where a number of sensors are deployed in a remote area with battery power, the low power consumption of the proposed solution can significantly increase the life span of the battery, hence reducing frequent battery charging and replacement. ### Limitations

While this study demonstrates the feasibility and practicality of employing lightweight encryption algorithms to secure the communication channel between resource-constrained devices and Digital Twin through the proposed communication scheme, it has also limitations like any other research effort. **Scope of Implementation:** According to [25], there are more than 80 stream and block cipher algorithms candidates for lightweight cryptographic algorithms second-round NIST competition. However, in this work, we only focus on the implementation of ASCON, which is also a lightweight encryption algorithm. Investigating the implementation of various algorithms on various resource-constrained hardware microprocess clouds can provide more comprehensive insight. **Performance Measurement:** In this study, two performance metrics, memory and power, are approximated. Due to time constraints and electronic laboratory resource limitations, a 100% accurate measurement is not provided.