but a nonsignificant correlation of GS vs. SW [5] and GS vs. seed size (SS) [13] were investigated recently. Furthermore, no correlation of GS with SW was shown as evidence for noninvasiveness in Acacia [5]. Moreover, lack of association of GS with morphological traits (SW) between wild and cultivated Amaranthusspecies exhibited the signature of incomplete domestication [14]. Therefore, the knowledge of adaptive significance of GS variation for different plants from different environmental conditions is still in its infancy [15]. Unfortunately, to date, studies addressing adaptive evolution of GS are rare and these contrasting hypothesis remains to be corroborated experimentally in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau (QTP) and its neighboring regions (the Himalayas and the Hengduanshan) (Figure 1) which may unravel the adaptive evolution of landraces from these important agroecological environments. Landraces are important constituents of agriculture and a source of farmer's income [16]. Understanding the climatic resilience of landraces requires the knowledge of adaptation under natural selection [17]. Although the last two decades saw considerable attention to conserve these genetic resources on farm, the gross estimation of diversity present on farms at a global and regional scale is scarce; there is a concern for erosion of genetic diversity that sustains feeding the world [18]. Landraces may adapt to a rapidly changing climate either in genotypic changes or phenotypic modification or by combination of both genotypic and phenotypic traits [19]. Domestication, a slow evolutionary process regulated by human selection, governs GS variation of wild and cultivated species [8; 13; 20]. For instance, highly domesticated dwarf coconut (_Cocosnicifera_) varieties show significantly lower GS compared to less domesticated taller coconut varieties [13]. The relationship of GS with plant traits under a varying environment has been the topic of recent biotechnological research interests [3; 7; 8; 21]. Morphological traits of archaeobotanical samples were taken as proxy for reconstruction of ancestral GS. For example, using leaf guard cell size as proxy, the ancestral GS of early angiosperms (Magnoliaceae) was calculated at ~1 pg, suggesting a small genome size might be a typical feature of early diverging angiosperms [22]. The QTP, the world's highest plateau, is considered as the least hospitable climate for agriculture requiring clarification of many issues involving crop evolution [23]. For example, the knowledge of domestication is still in the immature stage for crops of the QTP [23]. This region witnessed massive climatic disturbances during the past 50 million years [24]. Forests were transformed into grasslands and deserts due to formation of a dry, cool, and windy climate [25]. Landraces adapted in these hilly slopes of the QTP are unable to escape these climatic fluctuations. On the other hand, landraces adapted in the Himalayas and Hengduanshan regionsare untapped reservoirs of genetic resources on farms. Thus, from the QTP and its adjacent region, investigation of the relationship of GS with phenotypic traits and environmental factors may unravel the knowledge of adaptive evolution of genetic resource on farm. Animal husbandry (approximately 21 million head of livestock from a recent estimate) strengthens the QTP economy along with its agriculture [26]. Although the QTP is gaining self-sufficiency in feeding its people through its own cultivation, the production of fodder crops within the limited arable land is becoming an uphill task [27]. Turnip (_Brassica rapa_ var. _rapa_), maize (_Zea mays_), pea (_Pisumsativum_), broad bean (_Viciafaba_), vetch (_Viciasativa_), and lucerne (_Medicago sativa_) are commonly used as a fodder crop of the QTP [28]. Turnip is locally named as \"Man Jing\" in China, \"YuanGen\" and \"Niu Ma\" in QTP, and \"Salgam\" in the Himalayas. It is an herbaceous plant from Brassicaceae, cross pollinating and biennial in nature. Turnip is also used as food during food scarcity in the QTP.