# Multimedia Vision for the Visually Impaired through 2D Multiarray Braille Display
## 4 Implementation and Results
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Method** & **DAISY** & **EPUB** & \
\begin{tabular}{c} **Braille** \\ **Translation** \\ \end{tabular} &
\begin{tabular}{c} **Braille** \\ **Image** \\ \end{tabular} & **Mobility** & **OS** \\ \hline [PERSON]’s [9] & v2.02, v3.0 & \(\times\) & \(\circ\) & \(\times\) & Weak & Windows \\ [PERSON]’s [10; 11] & v2.02, v3.0 & \(\times\) & \(\times\) & \(\times\) & Strong & Android \\ [PERSON]’s [6] & \(\times\) & \(\times\) & \(\circ\) & \(\circ\) & Weak & Windows \\ [PERSON]’s [12] & \(\times\) & \(\circ\) & \(\times\) & \(\times\) & Strong & iOS \\ [PERSON]’s [13] & v2.02, v3.0 & \(\times\) & \(\times\) & \(\times\) & Strong & Android \\ [PERSON]’s [14] & v3.0 & \(\times\) & \(\times\) & \(\times\) & Strong & Android \\ Ours & V2.02, V3.0 & \(\circ\) & \(\circ\) & \(\circ\) & Strong & Android \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 5: Comparison of the introduced assistive applications in this study. [PERSON]'s research [7] developed a braille device with a 2D LED braille display, which is resistant to the panning problem. Since this device is in 2D and has a multiarray cell structure ranging from \(4\times 40\) to \(12\times 30\), display of braille figures is also possible. In addition, an instant visual feedback is indirectly possible via Bluetooth and a braille display. However, DAISY and EPUB are not currently supported by the device itself. [PERSON]'s [8] work focused on the braille hardware, which is a condensed braille device that considers the convenience of VI device users and has fewer functions than the previous devices. However, this too has a 1D braille display, and its small size causes panning problems. Thus, braille figures are also difficult to print. Furthermore, it is difficult to support the instant visual feedback as well as the DAISY and EPUB formats. On the contrary, the method proposed in this study not only decreases the panning problem but can also to display braille images because of its \(12\times 12\) braille cell design. Additionally, as explained in Section 3, real-time communication through Bluetooth on smartphones and braille displays enables information sharing and visual feedback between the VI and non-disabled users. Above all, this study included all versions of DAISY and EPUB. However, it is still very difficult to allow the VI people to sense images and videos through the braille pad. In this study, video was expressed only as the cover image of the video, and, as shown in Figure 16, although images were displayed on the braille device simulator, it is not enough to express the details on \(11\times 11\). Therefore, further research is required to display photographs and pictures that contain several objects on the braille device using the limited number of braille characters. Furthermore, although this study considered a method for expressing videos on the pad, further research is required to improve features such as the reaction speed of actuators, power consumption, and design, with respect to the braille hardware; moreover, there are many challenges that need be addressed in terms of software as well, such as video sampling, filtering, streaming, and compression. Hence, this study intends to use a method for displaying a typical cover image for videos, which is also difficult because a cover image requires accurate filtering and conversion in addition to the resolution problem of the braille display. Therefore, more studies are required for adequate expression of images or videos on a braille display. Assuming that advancements will be made in hardware through the use of superior technology, the final objective of this study is to output videos on a multiarray braille device. In addition, with respect to the uses of 2D braille display that have not been fully developed yet, practical feedback from VI users is required through the use of prototype devices. The devices must be tested to determine their ease of use compared to other braille devices and whether the existing disadvantages have been overcome.