## 3 Proposed Work
### Utilizing adaptive krill herd optimization for secure routing
* \"Final movement update\" depicts and synchronizes the distribution of physical nodes, \[\overline{D}_{y}\big{(}\hat{t}+1\big{)}=\overline{D}\frac{1-i}{i_{max\ max}}\] (16) where \(\overline{D}_{max}\) Denotes the most excellent \"diffusion speed\", and \(\delta\) represents the \"random directional vector between\"\(-1\) and \(1\). Step 5: According to recently demonstrated advancements, a node's location \(y^{th}\) is determined by considering the specific development of the time-related parameters and the location of the krill during \(\hat{t}+\Delta\hat{t}\). \[\overline{K}_{z}\big{(}\hat{t}+\Delta\hat{t}\big{)}=\overline{K}_{z}\big{(} \hat{t}\big{)}+\Delta\hat{t}\frac{d\overline{K}_{z}}{d\hat{t}} \tag{17}\]

where \(\Delta\hat{t}\) It stands for a fundamental constant. The \"krill individual's\" location is updated using the reference condition, and the optimal result is attained. Step 6: The pausing equation makes sure the functional evaluation is complete. The best node individual site is identified until the stopping stage has been achieved, and \"the krill population\" is rated from higher to lower performance. The flow chart for managing \"krill herds\" is shown in Figure 3:0

## 4 Results and Analysis

To evaluate the performance of the suggested simple \"DNA-based encryption\" method for Zigbee devices. We put the proposed algorithm into practice. We evaluated its performance in comparison to state-of-the-art encryption algorithms such as \"DES and AES\", which are considered industry standards in terms of \"key size\", \"encryption time\", and distortion percentage. The DES, AES, and proposed DNA algorithms' key sizes are shown in Tables 4 and 5. The implementation of our proposed \"efficient routing\" technique in a Z.N. for \"IoT applications\" was performed on \"MATLAB 2018a\". We evaluated the proposed scheme in terms of multiple factors, such as \"packet delivery ratio\", \"energy consumption\", \"packet drop\", and \"remaining energy\". The comparative evaluations were performed with \"directed diffusion routing pro-energy-aware routing protocol (SGEAR)\" and \"survivable path routing (SPR) protocols\". Our proposed work is an efficient and effective routing method in a Z.N. for IoT applications that requires the working stage of MATLAB 2018a. Different execution estimates are compared to \"the current directed diffusion routing protocol\", \"sub-game energy-aware routing protocol (SGEAR)\", and \"SPR protocols\" for estimating the performance of the pro \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c} \hline \hline
**Algorithm for Encryption** & **Scope of the Key** \\ \hline \multicolumn{1}{c}{ “DNA algorithm”} & “9” bits \\ \hline \hline “AES” & “256” bits \\ \hline \hline “DES” & “56” bits \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 4: DES, AES, and proposed DNA algorithms’ key sizes. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c} \hline \hline
**The Current** & **Time Taken by the Proposed** & **Time Taken by** & **Time Taken by** \\
**Image** & **DNA-Based Scheme** & **“DES”** & **“AES”** \\ \hline \hline “POOL” & “203.125” s & “2625” s & “2609.375” s \\ \hline “PETRA” & “62.5” s & “1421.85” s & “1421.875” s \\ \hline “AQSA” & “109.375” s & “2093.75” s & “2125” s \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 5: Time consumed for encryption. posed scheme. The following list contains the simulation parameters used in the suggested routing protocol. The Simulation Parameters values show in Table 6.

Remaining Energy: Ten information packets are started by source nodes in the system every second and sent to the destination node over multiple hops. Figures 5-7 depict the energy levels between the source and destination Zigbee devices during the various rounds of packet transmission. Comparing the proposed routing with the current \"Survivable Path Routing (SPR)\", the \"Zigbee network nodes\" using the \"directed diffusion protocol\" result in higher energy strength novelty, as shown in Figures 5-7. The \"energy capabilities\" of the \"Zigbee network nodes\" are similar to the proposed protocol.