## 1 Introduction  
Process industries are the predominant consumers of energy, and the primary energy consumption of industry takes 71.1% of the total national energy consumption in China [1]. Nearly 67% of the total national energy is converted to waste heat, and only about 50% of waste heat has already been reused [2]. Generally, waste heat is discharged in the form of hot water or vapor, and different industrial processes have different temperature requirements, which leads to different temperatures of waste hot water or vapor. Almost 63% of the waste heat is low-grade waste heat with temperatures below 100 \({}^{\circ}\)C, and nearly half of that 63% occurs at 40-60 \({}^{\circ}\)C [3]. However, in the industrial process, the required temperature of the hot vapor is generally more than 100 \({}^{\circ}\)C, especially in weed killing, drying, and distillation [4; 5]. How to convert this waste heat with temperatures between 40-60 \({}^{\circ}\)C to a high-grade heat source with a temperature above 100 \({}^{\circ}\)C or even 150 \({}^{\circ}\)C is the key to reducing energy consumption, which has received less attention [6]. The conventional methods of producing steam generally include direct electrical heating, gas-fired boilers, and heat pumps. Compared with the other two methods, heat pumps have the lowest power consumption [5]. At present, the heat pump with temperatures below 100 \({}^{\circ}\)C has replaced the traditional direct electrical heating method and has gradually been applied in many areas. A heat pump with a temperature between 100-140 \({}^{\circ}\)C is in the development stage, and many researchers focus on its performance improvements [7; 8]. [PERSON] et al. [9] studied a NH\({}_{3}\)/vapor heat pump system applied in a poultry slaughtering plant with a temperature range of \(-40\)\({}^{\circ}\)C to 125 \({}^{\circ}\)C, and the results showed that, although the initial investment of an integrated system is larger, the energy saving effect is remarkable. [PERSON] et al. [10] experimentally studied a compressor in a cascade heat pump system for industrial waste heat recovery from 50 \({}^{\circ}\)C to heat delivery at 115 \({}^{\circ}\)C, and the efficiency of the compressor was up to 74%. However, heat pumps with temperatures above 140 \({}^{\circ}\)C have received less attention. Kobe Steel proposed a system to supply the water vapor with a temperature of 160 \({}^{\circ}\)C in theory but did not present further study on this system [11; 12]. [PERSON] et al. [13] investigated a two-stage heat pump cycle with heat at a temperature of up to 150 \({}^{\circ}\)C from heat with a temperature of 40 \({}^{\circ}\)C, and the simulated COP is only about 1.6. The major factors limiting the development of heat pumps with high temperatures are the lack of suitable refrigerants and the low operation stability of the compressor caused by the lubricating oil deterioration under the discharge temperature above 150 \({}^{\circ}\)C. To solve these problems, a water vapor compression heat pump system is proposed to replace the conventional high-temperature heat pump while the required temperature is relatively high. [PERSON] et al. [14; 15; 16] proposed a high-temperature heat pump using water as a working fluid to recover waste heat with temperatures between 80 and 90 \({}^{\circ}\)C to provide a heat source with temperatures between 120 and 130 \({}^{\circ}\)C, and the experimental COP was up to 4.5. Moreover, the use of a water vapor compressor is also a suitable method to directly increase the temperature and pressure of water vapor [17; 18; 19; 20], and this method has been widely used in mechanical vapor compression/recompression desalination technologies [19; 21; 22]. Additionally, water injection is an effective method to improve the performance of the compressor [20; 23]. However, while the suction temperature of water vapor is below 50 \({}^{\circ}\)C, the suction pressure is much lower than the atmospheric pressure, which will lead to a large leakage loss in the vapor compressor.