# The Status of Space Weather Infrastructure and Research in Africa
###### Abstract  
The study of Space Weather Infrastructure and Research in Africa is a new area of research in the area of the space Weather Infrastructure and Research in Africa. 1 Department of Astronomy and Space Science, Technical University of Kenya,  
Nairobi PO. Box 52428-00200, Kenya  
2 United Nations African Regional Centre for Space Science and Technology Education--English,  
Ile-Ife 220882, Nigeria; [EMAIL_ADDRESS]  
3 Sorbonne University, Polytechnic School, Paris Saclay University, Laboratory of Plasma Physics (LPP),  
75005 Paris, France; [EMAIL_ADDRESS]  
4 Laboratory Lab-STICC, UMR 6285, Institut Mines-Telecom Atlantique, CEDEX 3, 29288 Brest, France; rolland.fleury@imt-attaine.jro.za  
5 South African National Space Agency, Hermanus 7200, South Africa; [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (PJ.C. ); [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (J.-B.H.) 6 Physics Department, University of Abomey-Calavi, Cotontou 01 BP 526, Benin; [EMAIL_ADDRESS]  
7 CRASTE-LF, Rabat 10090, Morocco; [EMAIL_ADDRESS]  
8 High Energy Physics and Astrophysics Laboratory, Oukaimeden Observatory, Cadi Ayyad University, FSSM, Marrakesh B.P. 239, Morocco; [EMAIL_ADDRESS]  
9 Faculty of Sciences at Rabat, Mohamed V University, Rabat B.P. 1014, Morocco  
10 Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, 40128 Bologna, Italy; [EMAIL_ADDRESS]  
11 Laboratory of Atmospheric Physics, Marien Noguabi University, Brazzaville BP 69, Congo; [EMAIL_ADDRESS]  
12 Institute for Scientific Research (ISR), Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467, USA  
13 Institute of Technology, University of Thies, Thies BP 967, Senegal; [EMAIL_ADDRESS]  
14 Laboratoire de Spectroscopie Atomique, Moleculaire et Applications (LSAMA), Faculty of Science, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis P.O. Box 2092, Tunisia; [EMAIL_ADDRESS]  
15 Material Sciences and Solar Energy Laboratory (LASHES), Division of Aeronomy and Geomagnetism, Ablejohn 01 BPV 34 01, Cote d'Ivoire; [EMAIL_ADDRESS]  
16 Engineering Faculty, University of Kinshas, Kinshas XI P.O. Box 202, Democratic Republic of the Congo; [EMAIL_ADDRESS]  
17 Institute of Basic and Applied Sciences, Egypt-Japan University of Science and Technology (E-JUST), Alexandria 21500, Egypt; [EMAIL_ADDRESS]  
18 Department of Geomatics, Higher Technical Teacher Training College, University of Ebolowa,  
Bambili P.O. Box 39, Cameroon; [EMAIL_ADDRESS]  
19 Physics Department, Muni University, Arua City P.O. Box 725, Uganda; [EMAIL_ADDRESS]  
20 The Abdus Salam International Centre for Theoretical Physics, 34137 Trieste, Italy; [EMAIL_ADDRESS]  
21 Washera Geospace and Radar Science Research Laboratory, Bahir Dar University,  
Bahir Dar P.O. Box 79, Ethiopia; [EMAIL_ADDRESS]  
22 Department of Physics, Pwani University, Killi P.O. Box 195-80108, Kenya; [EMAIL_ADDRESS]  
23 Kavanne Nkrumal University, P.O. Box 80404, Kabwe, Zambia; [EMAIL_ADDRESS]  
24 National Institute of Meteorology, Conaky BY 566, Guinea; [EMAIL_ADDRESS]  
25 Department of Mathematics and Science, College of Education, University of Rwanda, Kigali 3446, Rwanda; [EMAIL_ADDRESS]  
26 Laboratory of Geophysics, FSTGAT, B.P.32 USTHB, Bab-Ezzouar, Algiers 16123, Algeria; [EMAIL_ADDRESS]  
27 University of Nazi Boni, Bobo-Dioulasso 01 BP 1091, Burkina Faso; [EMAIL_ADDRESS]  
* Correspondence: [EMAIL_ADDRESS]  
* [PERSON] made valuable contributions to previous versions of this paper but died on 14 July 2022. ###### Abstract  
Space weather science has been a growing field in Africa since 2007. This growth in infrastructure and human capital development has been accompanied by the deployment of ground-based observing infrastructure, most of which was donated by foreign institutions or installed and operated by foreign establishments. However, some of this equipment is no longer operational due to several factors, which are examined in this paper.