## 5 Self-Reconfiguration Methods in SSrMS
### Sustainability Assessment Method
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{l l c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Perspective/** & & & & & & \\
**Sustainability** & & & & & \\
**Dimension** & & & & & \\ \hline \hline \multirow{3}{*}{Economic} & \multirow{3}{*}{Cost} & **32.90 * & & & & \\  & & 36.78 & 50 & 20 & 90 & 10.89 \\ \cline{1-1}  & Market presence & 63.22 & 20 & 10 & 90 & 18.72 \\ \hline \hline \multirow{3}{*}{Environmental} & \multirow{3}{*}{Materials} & **44.00 * & & & & \\
**Energy** & & 9.55 & 98 & 97 & 60 & 2.52 \\ \cline{1-1}  & Water & 13.86 & 80 & 78 & 60 & 3.66 \\ \cline{1-1}  & Emissions & 14.77 & 10 & 10 & 60 & 3.90 \\ \cline{1-1}  & Effluents and waste & 10.23 & 75 & 76 & 60 & 2.70 \\ \cline{1-1}  & Products and services & 21.14 & 90 & 60 & 90 & 8.37 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 5: BSC for sustainability measurement (modified from [54]). Figure 20: Flow of process reconfiguration and optimization by three methods. In the first column, perspective/sustainability dimensions represent the sustainability dimensions, including the economic, environmental, and social dimensions. In the second column, the performance measures contain the sustainability KPIs from the GRI framework, which are determined by the system operator. In the third column, weights are allocated for each performance measure. The bold-faced italicized letters in the column denote the total weight of each perspective. The total weight of each perspective corresponds to the sum of the weights of the sustainability KPIs obtained from the AHP result in performance measures. The weights of each performance measures in weights is a proportional weights of perspective. The fourth column contains the actual performance of the company or manufacturing system. The fifth column contains the standard performance, which expresses the average performance of the company or manufacturing system. The average performance refers to the standard level of certain measurements, including energy consumption and emissions in air and water. The sixth column contains the performance level, for which the actual performance is compared with the standard performance. The performance level includes three categories: excellent, normal, and poor. Excellent indicates that the actual performance exceeds the standard performance, and the value corresponds to 90. Good performance occurs when the two performances are equal or at the same level, and the value corresponds to 60. Bad performance indicates that the standard performance exceeds the actual performance (i.e., the performance level is as usual), and the value corresponds to 30. The seventh column contains the sustainability score of each performance measure and the total sustainability score of the company or system. This measure is equal to the product of the proportional weight of the measure, the proportional weight of its perspective, and its performance level. For example, the result of economic performance (cost) is 32.90% \(\times\) 36.78% \(\times\) 90 = 10.89 (weight of economic dimension \(\times\) weight of economic performance (cost) \(\times\) performance level = score). The sustainability assessment method uses the neural network to assess sustainability with respect to the system's goal optimization using the goal decision model. The input data for the experiment correspond to the lower-fractal's goal and include productivity, efficiency, utilization, flexibility, cost, sustainability score, and profit. A total of 500 data were used in the experiment, and there were no missing values in the data. Prior to the experiment, all the data were preprocessed and normalized. Python 3.8 is used with Jupiter notebook as a tool for the neural network implementation. Training and validation data size is 50%. A total of 500 training epochs were used. The neural network structure consists of one input layer with six nodes, one hidden layer with twenty-four nodes, and one output layer with six nodes. It was assumed that the system's goal corresponds to maximizing profit.