# Industry 4.0 towards Forestry 4.0: Fire Detection Use Case +
## 4 Forest Fire Detection Use Case  
As a use case, IoFT aims to use different smart devices to measure forest parameters CO, CO\({}_{2}\), monitoring, temperature, detecting fire, RFID, sensors, cameras, etc., without human intervention; as shown in Figure 4. These devices send the gathered data into the centre platform via advanced wireless communication technologies. Industry 4.0 people or employers in the centre platform can interact with smart IoFT devices, process received data, estimate forest growth, monitor trees' health, and fire detection. Implementing Industry 4.0 technologies reduces data collection cost, improves sustainability, monitors forest utilization resources, and measures forest parameters. Therefore, decision-making can be real-time and easy, while growth forest prediction can be more accurate and reliable due to continuous measurement. These will play a vital role in improving economical impact, environmental impact of Forestry 4.0. Forest fires, which are also called wildfires, are among the greatest disasters in the world today. In 2018 alone, 8,767,492 acres burned, roughly equivalent to 74 of the 75 largest cities in the United States combined. It is the sixth-highest total since modern historical records began in the mid-1900s, indicating that no state is entirely free from wildfire risk in the US. CoreLogic Wildfire Risk Report for 2019 highlights that the total estimated reconstruction cost value for the extreme-risk homes is more than $221 billion, with California metropolitan areas dominating the top 15 risk regions (see Figure 5). In late August 2019, for example, Brazil's National Institute for Space Research said that the number of fires in the country (i.e., Amazon) largely set by humans had jumped 84% in 2019 over the same period in 2018 ([[https://fortune.com/2019/08/25/causes-of-amazon-forest-fires/](https://fortune.com/2019/08/25/causes-of-amazon-forest-fires/)]([https://fortune.com/2019/08/25/causes-of-amazon-forest-fires/](https://fortune.com/2019/08/25/causes-of-amazon-forest-fires/))). The year 2020 has been a year like no other due to COVID-19, which will change the world forever. As the scientists, researchers, the World Health Organization, and social communities fight the pandemic, another crisis is unfolding worldwide. Figure 6, ([[https://cleantechnica.com/2020/05/13/2020-fire-season-covid-19-not-a-match-made-in-heaven/](https://cleantechnica.com/2020/05/13/2020-fire-season-covid-19-not-a-match-made-in-heaven/)]([https://cleantechnica.com/2020/05/13/2020-fire-season-covid-19-not-a-match-made-in-heaven/](https://cleantechnica.com/2020/05/13/2020-fire-season-covid-19-not-a-match-made-in-heaven/))) depicts the forest fire outlooks in 2020 for May, June, July, and August, highlighting the elevated risk in the Pacific Northwest, Northern California, and the Southwest throughout the summer. Substantially, a forest fire happens due to rapidly changing ecological environments such as uncontrolled climate changes, making the forests unable to recover from devastating consequences for the long-term. For example, the climate changes cause to change the soil moisture and surface temperatures, making the soil becomes water repellent [55]. The forest department authorities' enormous challenge is that the forests are usually remote,  
Figure 5: Top 15 states based on wildfire average burned in 2018; NIFC 2019.  
abandoned/unmanaged areas filled with trees and affected by dynamic environmental variables, e.g., temperature, humidity, CO, and CO\({}_{2}\). This issue has been a research interest for many years; many very well-studied solutions are available out there to propose an effective way to minimize the damages caused by the fires. Early detection of forest fires is the most attractive trend for the market and research, making decision-makers take a fast appropriate reaction.