# Multi-Agent Simulation Approach for Modular Integrated Construction Supply Chain
## 4 Results and Discussion
### Study Scenarios
#### 4.1.2 Scenario 2: Fully MiC Process  
In this scenario, suppliers provide prefabricated components to MiC factories, which then supply integrated construction modules to the construction site. This configuration leverages the benefits of MiC to enhance efficiency and reduce the on-site construction time. The parameters for this scenario are as follows:  
* Number of Suppliers: Similar to Scenario 1, we assume five suppliers providing different components required for the modules. This allows for a diverse range of components, ensuring that all necessary parts are available for the integrated modules.  
* Number of MiC Factories: We assume one MiC factory responsible for assembling the integrated modules from the supplied components. Centralized assembly at a single factory can improve efficiency and reduce complexity in logistics.
* Number of Vehicles:
* Transporter 1 (\(T_{1}\)) for components: Similar to Scenario 1, each supplier uses vehicles for transportation of prefabricated components to the factories. We will conduct a sensitivity analysis by varying the number of vehicles per supplier from one to five to find the optimal number that minimizes the total cost.
* Transporter 2 (\(T_{2}\)) for modules: The MiC factory uses one vehicle for module delivery to the construction site. This is based on the need to maintain a steady flow of modules while minimizing transportation costs.
* Demand generation: The demand for components and modules is deterministic and based on project management derived from BIM, with an average of 60 component requests per day by the MiC factory and three integrated module requests per day by the construction site.
* Initial components in storage: Each supplier starts with an initial inventory between 5 and 10 components, providing a buffer to meet the immediate demand for construction components.
* Production Capacity/Rate:
* Each supplier has a stochastic production capacity, with an average of 10-15 components per day depending on the complexity and type of component.
* Each factory has a production capacity of three modules per day. This rate ensures a continuous supply of modules to the construction site while maintaining high-quality standards.
* Cost Parameters:
* Fixed cost per vehicle per day: EUR 150 for \(T_{1}\), EUR 200 for \(T_{2}\). The higher cost for \(T_{2}\) reflects the more complex logistics and handling required for transporting integrated modules.
* Variable cost per kilometer: EUR 2 for \(T_{1}\), EUR 3 for \(T_{2}\). Transporting integrated modules incurs higher variable costs due to their size and weight.
* Project delay penalty per day: EUR 500. This penalty is consistent across both scenarios, incentivizing timely project completion and compensating for potential financial losses due to delays.
* Vehicle Speed: The speed of the vehicles is stochastic, with an average speed of 50-70 km/h for \(T_{1}\) and 40-60 km/h for \(T_{2}\). The lower speed for \(T_{2}\) reflects the additional care and slower speeds required for transporting larger, more delicate modules.  
* Construction site is located in Paris, France;
* MiC factory is 20 km from the construction site;
* Supplier 1 is 70 km from the MiC factory;
* Supplier 2 is 125 km from the MiC factory;
* Supplier 3 is 155 km from the MiC factory;
* Supplier 4 is 75 km from the MiC factory;
* Supplier 5 is 125 km from the MiC factory.
* The normal project completion time for this scenario is set at 120 days. Any delays beyond this period will incur a project delay penalty.  
Table 3 provides a summary of the parameters for both scenarios.