## 2 Literature Review and Hypothesis Development
### The Relationship Between Digitalization and the SDGs
Integrating geospatial, financial, and technological information and applying advanced analysis and modeling methods enables the identification of areas and communities most affected by the lack of access to energy, allowing for the development of effective strategies to enhance resilience to climate change [33], contributing to the achievement of SDG 7. Goal 8: Decent Work and Economic Growth (SDG 8). AI-based technologies can simplify workers' lives, for instance, through intelligent systems that balance work time with private time [34]. Implementing appropriate policies and regulations to protect employee rights and welfare can help to mitigate the risks associated with using AI in the workplace and ensure a fairer and more sustainable approach to achieving SDG 8 [35]. Goal 9: Industry, Innovation, and Infrastructure (SDG 9). Investing in sustainable infrastructure, bolstered by cutting-edge digital technologies, is crucial for achieving SDG 9 and fostering a sustainable and equitable future for communities worldwide [36]. Digital technologies facilitate monitoring and evaluating progress towards SDG 9 and promote transparency and community participation [37]. Free access to information enables citizens to be better informed and participate in decision making. Goal 10: Reduced Inequalities (SDG 10). [PERSON] [35] argues that BD and AI-based technologies significantly impact inequality because developed countries can invest more in these technologies. Adequate digital infrastructures and high-speed Internet access are fundamental for adopting and efficiently using new technologies in emerging economies [38]. A concerted effort is required from governments, international organizations, and the private sector to ensure the responsible and equitable implementation of these technologies globally and that AI and BD technologies genuinely contribute to reducing inequalities and promoting sustainable development [39]. Goal 11: Sustainable Cities and Communities (SDG 11). Digital technologies can create more sustainable and efficient cities, supporting urban planning and infrastructure development to create safer and more accessible environments for all residents. AI can help to implement proactive measures to reduce emissions and improve air quality by predicting energy consumption and pollution [40]. Moreover, AI-driven simulations and forecasts provide valuable information for managing natural risks, such as floods, enabling authorities to prepare and respond more effectively to such events [10]. The design of green buildings enabled by AI reduces the carbon footprint of urban constructions and promotes a more sustainable built environment [41]. Goal 12: Responsible Consumption and Production (SDG 12). Digital technologies support the development of more sustainable production and consumption practices, creating a greener and more responsible future [42]. AI, combined with BD and IoT, optimizes manufacturing processes by reducing waste and improving material use efficiency [43]. Concerning specific production processes and cleaner production, AI can identify and implement methods with which to reduce emissions and minimize environmental impacts [44]. Goal 13: Climate Action (SDG 13). With its processing and data analysis power, digital technologies provide valuable tools for anticipating and preventing the impact of natural disasters caused by extreme weather events. Sophisticated monitoring and modeling systems can predict climatic hazards well in advance, allowing for proactive measures to protect communities and the environment [45]. The integration of climate data with information on social and economic vulnerabilities of different regions enables the development of personalized risk mitigation strategies. This approach ensures an equitable distribution of the benefits of digital technologies in combating climate change [46]. Goal 14: Life below Water (SDG 14). Digital technologies play a significant role in identifying and addressing challenges related to conserving and protecting marine ecosystems.