# Secure and Efficient High Throughput Medium Access Control for Vehicular Ad-Hoc Network
###### Abstract  
The evolution of the internet has led to the growth of smart application requirements on the go in the vehicular ad hoc network (VANET). VANET enables vehicles to communicate smartly among themselves wirelessly. Increasing usage of wireless technology induces many security vulnerabilities. Therefore, effective security and authentication mechanism is needed to prevent an intruder. However, authentication may breach user privacy such as location or identity. Cryptography-based approach aids in preserving the privacy of the user. However, the existing security models incur communication and key management overhead since they are designed considering a third-party server. To overcome the research issue, this work presents an efficient security model namely secure performance enriched channel allocation (S - PECA) by using commutative RSA. This work further presents the commutative property of the proposed security scheme. Experiments conducted to evaluate the performance of the proposed S - PECA over state-of-the-art models show significant improvement. The outcome shows that S - PECA minimizes collision and maximizes system throughput considering different radio propagation environments. VANET; authentication; security; DSRC; privacy; MAC +
Footnote †: journal: Physics Letters B  
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[PERSON], [PERSON], [PERSON]. DSRC adopts the IEEE 802.11p standard specification for wireless communication [11], where each device broadcast a safety-related message every 100-300 milliseconds, which possess vehicle driving-related data, such as speed, location, and driving status (e.g., waiting for the signal, regular driving, traffic jam, etc. ), to neighboring devices. With the acquired information, other vehicles can make a timely decision in cases such as traffic jams, emergent braking, and accidents. As mentioned in Figure 2, works at the media access control and physical layers act strictly, and it is worth noting that IEEE 802.11p is limited by the scope of IEEE 802.11. The operational functions and complexity of DSRC are taken care of by upper layers of IEEE 1609 standards. Based upon management activities defined in IEEE P1609.1, the security protocols defined in IEEE P1609.2 and the network-layer protocol defined in IEEE P1609.3, the applications utilized in the WAVE environment are depicted by these standards. Compared to 802.11p, IEEE 1609.4 is higher in level, and the operation of higher layers without the necessity the physical channel access parameters is supported [12]. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c} \hline
**Technology** & **Type** & **Distance** \\ \hline
2G/3G/4G/5G & Duplex & Global \\ \hline Bluetooth & Simplex & \(\approx\)10 m \\ \hline WiMAX & Duplex & \(\approx\)1 km \\ \hline GPS & Simplex & global \\ \hline ZigBee & Duplex & \(\approx\)20 m \\ \hline DSRC 802.11p/WAVE & Duplex & \(\approx\)1 km \\ \hline Wi-Fi & Duplex & \(\approx\)50 m \\ \hline RFID & Simplex & 10 m \\ \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 1: Communication technologies in VANET [2]. Figure 1: The architecture of vehicular ad hoc communication. The DSRC ecosystem has implemented various functions and fully tested V2X applications for more than ten years [13]. However, DSRC provides a complete set of interoperable solutions [14; 15]. The key advantage of DSRC is that it can \"see the surrounding corners\" without other sensors. DSRC technology with high mobility can handle rapidly changing environments at a speed of up to 500 km/h even if an obstacle is suddenly detected, and its range exceeds 1 km [16; 17]. DSRC makes it possible for users of the road to be connected, which guarantees the reliability of V2V and V2I. The European Commission believes that the use of this technology is expected to reduce the probability of local motor vehicle accidents to zero in 2050 [18]. C - V2X is a wireless communication technology for cellular vehicles. At present, the market is upgrading to \(4\)GC - V2X, and \(5\)GC - V2X is in the process of standardization [19].