## 3 Results and Discussions
### Peak Temperature and Pressure Values  
With regards to the peak pressure characteristics, as shown in Figure 4, they can be compared to different trends at the same time. Here, the gap between pressure values increases gradually as the valve opening condition increases because the gas pressure is affected by the inflowing gas flow. The maximum pressure value is recorded in the order of 20%, 60%, and 100% valve opening. The pressure difference can be shown to decrease over time as the ventilation algorithm operates and pressure energy is dissipated. Furthermore, it is shown that when the valve is opened quickly, there is energy loss in the pressure when the valve is closed. Namely, these losses can be observed just after the peak pressure points. With respect to temperature characteristics, it was found that there are higher changes when charged with helium gas because the increases in pressure are converted to temperature energy in the vessel. As shown in Figure 5, the temperature increased up to 49 \({}^{\circ}\)C, 62 \({}^{\circ}\)C, and 84 \({}^{\circ}\)C, respectively, at valve openings of 20%, 60%, and 100%. The reason for the higher temperature increases is that the pressure is compressed in a vessel when helium gas is charged into it, and the gas is delivered rapidly as the valve opening changes during the charging process. Figure 4: Pressure characteristics of three different valve openings in the mass flow controller. Therefore, the temperature of the helium gas gradually increases in the order of 20%, 60%, and 100% as the valve opening rate changes. However, the maximum pressure is maintained by setting the condition of the initial target algorithm. As a result of an experiment analyzing temperature variations based on the opening levels of the three valves within the mass flow controller, it was observed that the highest temperature readings were obtained when the flow control valve was opened widely, resulting in high-pressure gas charging. This occurrence can be attributed to the rapid concentration of gas flow, leading to a compression effect. Consequently, the gas particles within the reservoir, as they attempted to move in response to the reaction force, collided with each other, causing even greater flow losses and contributing to the elevated temperature measurements. In summary, these experiments have revealed several key findings. Similar to the charging of electric vehicles, it was observed that reducing the flow rate during helium gas charging led to a decrease in charging errors. Furthermore, rapid movement of the helium gas flow rate can introduce risks associated with temperature increase and significant gas flow losses. The experimental results also confirmed that the loss amount, particularly in the case of hydrogen gas, can be proportionally higher compared to helium gas when rapid flow rates are involved. Helium has a higher density than hydrogen, but its physical properties are remarkably similar. As a result, helium gas is frequently employed as a substitute for hydrogen gas in numerous settings. Also, based on the research results of this experiment, it becomes evident that efforts to mitigate energy losses associated with measurements in natural gas, hydrogen gas, LPG, and auxiliary gas supply systems should be a priority. In other words, while these systems are commonly used for instant gas supply in various industries, it is recommended to consider implementing pressure and temperature sensors to rectify situations where losses may occur and to ensure the accurate supply of flow energy. Consequently, it is anticipated that employing the data acquired from this experiment to scrutinize the physical attributes of various errors that should be taken into account during gas charging or discharging will be advantageous in achieving more precise and accurate measurement outcomes. Using helium gas, the authors were able to confirm that temporal losses, dependent on the duration of flow supply and valve opening, exhibit differential behaviors.