## 3 Methodology of Research
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c} \hline
**Description** & **Technical Specification** \\ \hline Nominal Transducer Frequency & 24–500 kHz \\ \hline Pulse Shape & Square Wave \\ \hline Pulse Delay & - \\ \hline Number of Channels & 1 \\ \hline PC Software & PL-Link 3.0 for analysis and export of data to third-party applications \\ \hline Display & A 7” color rugged touchscreen unit (800 \(\times\) 480 pixels) \\  & with a dual-core processor \\ \hline Memory & \(>\)Internal 8 GB flash memory \\ \hline Connections & USB host/device and Ethernet \\ \hline Measurement Modes & Pulse velocity, surface velocity, data logging, E-modulus, compressive strength correlation, crack depth, line scan, area scan \\ \hline Measuring Range & Up to 15 m, depending on concrete quality \\ \hline Special Features & Zoom and scroll for precise A-Scan inspection, onboard storage and review of waveforms, settings directly accessible on measuring screen, dual cursor for manual A-Scan evaluation, separate cursor to measure signal amplitude, automatic and manual triggering and user-adjustable trigger threshold, A-Scan update rate up to 25 Hz \\ \hline Transducers & Available Proceq transducers: 54 kHz, 150 kHz, 250 kHz, 54 kHz Exponential, 500 kHz and 250 kHz Shear Wave, connect third-party transducers up to 24 kHz, 54 kHz, 150 kHz, 250 kHz, 54 kHz Exponential, 500 kHz and 40 kHz shear wave dry point contact \\ \hline Serial number & UP01-001-0041 \\ \hline Manufacturer & Proceq—Zurich, Switzerland \\ \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 1: _Cont._The measurement of vibration due to the initiation of each blasthole was measured using the Micromate instrument (Instantel, Ottawa, ON, Canada) [25]. The Micromate instrument is designed to monitor blasting vibration, sound/noise level, or air overpressure. The results from Micromate were exported and analyzed in specialized software, Thor [26], procured from the same company, and a measurement example is shown in Figure 6. The Micromate instrument is equipped with three channels for a triaxial geophone and one channel for an air overpressure or sound level microphone [27]. This instrument represents precise measurements of ground vibration (whether those ground vibrations are from blasting, pile driving, demolition, or similar artificially induced vibrations). With measured vibrations, this instrument provides the whole recorded waveform in three components (longitudinal, vertical, and transverse), with the possibility of analyzing PPV, frequency, peak acceleration, and peak displacement. In this case, Micromate was used to measure the peak particle velocity (PPV), an index used to measure blasting vibrations. PPV is also an important indicator for controlling the structural damage criteria [28]), such as blasting in open pit mines, and represents the maximum value in one waveform recorded time. The peak particle velocity (PPV) is one of the indicators of the intensity of vibrations in addition to the frequency of oscillation, which is measured by using seismographs during blasting in surface mines. It is specified in many standards used to assess the effects of vibrations on buildings, such as DIN 4150-3:1999 [29], as shown in Figure 7.  
Micromate was used to measure the particle velocity in three mutually perpendicular axes using triaxial sensors--geophones. The results of measurements represent longitudinal, transverse, and vertical components of blasting vibration. According to the DIN standard, the maximum of the three measured components is relevant and that is the peak particle velocity (PPV). The technical specifications of the Micromate Instantel measuring instrument are presented in Table 2.  
Figure 5: Display of measured values of longitudinal waves with signal recording in Proceq PL-Link software, the blue line is the longitudinal wave through the material, and the red line is response time. The first test with the same laboratory model was carried out to show how the increase in burden size influences the increase in blasting vibration.