## 3 Results and Discussion
The red color indicates values that exceed the UNSCEAR average, which are considered higher than typical background levels. Figure 5: (**a**) Spatial distribution of Th-232 activity concentrations (taken from [24]). (**b**) Comparison of Th-232 activity concentrations (taken from [24]). The color range used in the (**a**) represents varying levels of radioactivity. The red color indicates values that exceed the UNSCEAR average, which are considered higher than typical background levels. Cs-137 contamination can originate from various sources, including nuclear weapons testing, nuclear accidents, and industrial activities. Identifying the specific sources of Cs-137 in Mardin requires further sampling and detailed environmental analyses, which are not within the scope of this study. Future research should incorporate additional field measurements and isotopic analysis to determine potential contamination pathways. To mitigate potential risks, strategies, such as soil stabilization, regular environmental monitoring, and controlled agricultural practices, could be considered. Table 5 presents the radioactivity parameters \(\text{Ra}_{\text{eq}}\), \(\text{D}_{\text{R}}\), \(\text{He}_{\text{ex}}\), AEDE, AGDE, and ELCR calculated from the activity concentration values in Table 4 for the districts of Mardin. The calculated parameter results are also presented spatially and comparatively in Figures 8-13, respectively. As seen in Figure 8, none of the districts in Mardin exceed the UNSCEAR median value of 370 Bq\(\cdot\)kg\({}^{-1}\) for \(\text{Ra}_{\text{eq}}\). The highest value was recorded in Omerli at 147.32 Bq\(\cdot\)kg\({}^{-1}\), and the districts of Artuklu, Kziltepe, Mazdagu, and Midyat also exceeded the Turkish average of 108.12 Bq\(\cdot\)kg\({}^{-1}\). The minimum value was identified in Yesilli at 77.82 Bq\(\cdot\)kg\({}^{-1}\). Figure 6: (**a**) Spatial distribution of K-40 activity concentrations (taken from [24]). (**b**) Comparison of K-40 activity concentrations (taken from [24]). The color range used in the (**a**) represents varying levels of radioactivity. The red color indicates values that exceed the UNSCEAR average, which are considered higher than typical background levels. Figure 7: (**a**) Spatial distribution of Cs-137 activity concentrations (taken from [24]). (**b**) Comparison of Cs-137 activity concentrations (taken from [24]). The color range used in the (**a**) represents varying levels of radioactivity. The yellow color indicates values that exceed the Turkish average in the TAEK report [24], and the red color for only comparison. The \(\mathrm{D_{R}}\) parameter exceeds the UNSCEAR median value of 60 nGy/h in Omerli, with a maximum value of 69.28 nGy/h, while Midyat also surpasses the UNSCEAR world median. The lowest value, 37.28 nGy/h, was recorded in Nusaybin. All districts in Mardin have \(\mathrm{H_{ex}}\) parameter values below the threshold of 1. Omerli has the highest value at 0.39, while Nusaybin has the lowest value at 0.21. The AEDE parameter exceeds the UNSCEAR world median of 70 microSv/year in Omerli, reaching a maximum of 84.97 microSv/year, as well as in Mazadagi and Midyat. The minimum value, 45.72 microSv/year, was recorded in Nusaybin. Figure 11: (**a**). Spatial distribution of AEDE. (**b**) Comparison of AEDE. The color range used in the (**a**) represents varying levels of radioactivity. The red color indicates values that exceed the UNSCEAR average, which are considered higher than typical background levels. Figure 12: (**a**) Spatial distribution of ACDE. (**b**) Comparison of AGDE. The color range used in the (**a**) represents varying levels of radioactivity. The red color indicates values that exceed the UNSCEAR average, which are considered higher than typical background levels. Figure 10: (**a**) Spatial distribution of \(\mathrm{H_{ex}}\). (**b**) Comparison of \(\mathrm{H_{ex}}\). The color range used in the (**a**) represents varying levels of radioactivity.