## 2 Results and Discussion
### Antifungal Activity  
Yeast infections have a high frequency in hospitalized patients worldwide with many risk factors associated with a poor prognosis. Several epidemiological studies conducted on \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c} \hline \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**Compound**} & \multicolumn{4}{c}{**Gram-Negative Bacteria**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Gram-Positive Bacteria**} \\ \cline{2-6}  & _Escherichia coli 97_ & _Escherichia coli 97_ & _Klebsiella_ & _Pseudomonas_ & _Staphylococcus aureus_ \\ \hline Essential oil & 24.32 \(\pm\) 0.20 & 27.50 \(\pm\) 0.11 & 19.71 \(\pm\) 0.10 & 16.11 \(\pm\) 0.21 & 26 \(\pm\) 0.41 \\ Hydrolat & 11.21 \(\pm\) 0.13 & - & 9.23 \(\pm\) 0.50 & 8 \(\pm\) 0.52 & - \\ Streptomycin & - & - & - & - & 9.61 \(\pm\) 0.20 \\ Ampicillin & - & - & - & - & - \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 4: Diameter of the inhibition zone of EO, hydrolat, and antibiotics (mm). \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c} \hline \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**Compound**} & \multicolumn{4}{c}{**Gram-Negative Bacteria**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Gram-Positive Bacteria**} \\ \cline{2-6}  & _Escherichia coli 57_ & _Escherichia coli 97_ & _Klebsiella_ & _Pseudomonas_ & _Staphylococcus aureus_ \\ \hline Essential oil & 0.006 \(\pm\) 0.001 & 0.050 \(\pm\) 0.004 & 0.003 \(\pm\) 0.001 & 0.001 \(\pm\) 0.0 & 0.012 \(\pm\) 0.003 \\ \hline Hydrolat & 6.125 \(\pm\) 0.541 & - & 6.125 \(\pm\) 0.068 & 6.125 \(\pm\) 0.046 & 6.125 \(\pm\) 0.571 \\ \hline Streptomycin & 0.250 \(\pm\) 0.027 & 0.500 \(\pm\) 0.002 & 0.003 \(\pm\) 0.001 & - & 0.062 \\ \hline Ampicillin & - & & - & - & - \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 5: Minimum inhibitory concentration of hydrolat and essential oil of _W. frutscens_ (MIC in \(\mu\)g/mL). yeast infections showed that _Candida_ is responsible for many diseases. _Candida_ species have been reported as the most common cause of invasive fungal infections among hospitalized patients, accounting for 8 to 10% of all nosocomial infections [48]. It was reported that invasive candidiasis is frequently associated with high crude death rates, and the control of these infections can be a great challenge since several antifungal options can no longer be effective toward the resistant strains [49]. _S. cerevisiae_ has involved in human pathology causing vaginitis [50]. The antifungal activity of EO and hydrolat was conducted on _C. albicans_ and _S. cerevisiae_ yeasts. The inhibition of fungal growth was noted in the presence of essential oil and hydrolat. The results obtained showed that a strong essential oil inhibition was observed for _C. albicans_ and _S. cerevisiae_ with an inhibition zone diameter of 47 \(\pm\) 3.120 mm and 40 \(\pm\) 6.450 mm, respectively (Table 6). The drug used as the reference was less effective against the yeasts when compared to the essential oil with an inhibition zone diameter of 21.200 \(\pm\) 4.200 mm against _Candida_ and 27.650 \(\pm\) 2.500 mm and _Saccharomyces_, respectively (Table 6). Our essential oil had a strong antifungal activity when compared to all standards used including funconazole and copper sulfate. The minimum inhibitory concentration of essential oil was very low, as shown in Table 6. The results obtained revealed that our studied oil was more effective against both _C. albicans_ and _S. cerevisiae_ with a minimum inhibitory concentration of 10\({}^{-4}\) mg/mL. The hydrolat also had a minimum inhibitory concentration of about 12.5 mg/mL. The hydrolat extract was moderately effective when compared to other results with an inhibition zone diameter of 9 \(\pm\) 1.750 mm against both yeasts, _C. albicans_ and _S. cerevisiae_, tested. The hydrolat extract also showed better activity by using the minimum inhibitory concentration assay on _C. albicans_ of 0.400 \(\pm\) 0.020 mg/mL and _S. cerevisiae_ of 0.200 \(\pm\) 0.010 mg/mL.