# Effects of Adding Batteries in Household Installations: Savings, Efficiency and Emissions
## 2 Proposal
### Batteries  
It is important to select the most suitable battery for the installation. This involves selecting the correct characteristics in order to satisfy the demand. In addition, it is necessary to know the possibilities offered by batteries existing in the market. The types that can be installed at home are usually divided into 3 groups, namely, monoblock, stationary and lithium batteries.  
Monoblock batteries are used in small installations with reduced demand. They can supply a large amount of energy in short periods of time. Their useful life is 5 years for depths of discharge of 50% and their price is the lowest one among all batteries.  
Stationary batteries are used in homes with a continuous demand and medium to high consumption with peaks of demand and moderate discharge. They are composed of 2-V blocks interconnected to  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c} \hline
**Group** & **Electrical Appliance** & **AC-DC Conversion Efficiency** \\ \hline COLD & Fridge–freezer & 0.87 \\ \hline LIGHTING & Lighting & 0.82 \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{WASHING AND DRYING} & Dishwasher & 0.88 \\  & Washing machine & 0.87 \\  & Clothes dryer & 0.89 \\ \hline \multirow{6}{*}{ICT} & Router * & 0.85 \\  & Multifunction printer * & 0.8 \\  & Laptop * & 0.8 \\  & Desktop * & 0.8 \\  & Monitor * & 0.85 \\  & Speakers & 0.79 \\  & Telephone * & 0.8 \\ \hline \multirow{6}{*}{AUDIOVISUAL} & Radio * & 0.79 \\  & Game console * & 0.8 \\ \cline{1-1}  & Set-top box * & 0.85 \\ \cline{1-1}  & Plasma TV * & 0.85 \\ \hline \multirow{6}{*}{COOKING} & Coffee machine * & 0.87 \\  & Toaster & 0.88 \\ \cline{1-1}  & Extractor hood & 0.88 \\ \cline{1-1}  & Food mixer & 0.88 \\ \cline{1-1}  & Oven & 0.88 \\ \cline{1-1}  & Electric cooker & 0.88 \\ \cline{1-1}  & Microwave & 0.87 \\ \hline \multirow{6}{*}{HEATING AND COOLING} & Air conditioning & 0.89 \\ \cline{1-1}  & Circulation pump & 0.88 \\ \cline{1-1}  & Water heating & 0.88 \\ \cline{1-1}  & Heating & 0.88 \\ \hline \multirow{6}{*}{OTHER} & Charger & 0.8 \\ \cline{1-1}  & Dehumidifier & 0.87 \\ \cline{1-1}  & Doorbell & 0.87 \\ \cline{1-1}  & Hair dryer & 0.87 \\ \cline{1-1}  & Hair straightener & 0.87 \\ \cline{1-1}  & House alarm & 0.83 \\ \cline{1-1}  & Iron & 0.87 \\ \cline{1-1}  & Vacuum cleaner & 0.87 \\ \hline \end{tabular}  
* standby consideration.  
\end{table}
Table 1: Electrical appliances with their conversion efficiencies divided by groups.  
obtain the necessary voltage, requiring large spaces for their installation. Their useful life is 15 years for depths of discharge of 50% and their price is moderate.  
Lithium batteries can be used in any type of installation due to their versatility. They have no memory effect and can be rapidly charged and discharged. Their useful life is 20 years for depths of discharge of 80% and their price is the higher.  
Both monoblock and stationary types are lead-acid batteries. These can be sealed or opened--and in the case of opened ones, when an annual maintenance is necessary. However, lithium batteries do not need any maintenance.  
Lithium batteries have three times higher energy density than lead ones. This means that a smaller size of them provides the same amount of energy. In addition, lithium batteries have a higher oxidation capacity than lead ones, resulting in a voltage level of 3.12 V and 2 V, respectively. This makes lithium batteries more efficient than lead batteries [42; 43].