## 1 Introduction  
Plant-derived organic waste mainly includes crop stalks, leftover branches and wood strips, fallen leaves, dry vines, weeds, and nut shells from the production process. Among the large traditional agricultural countries, agricultural organic waste has the following four characteristics: large quantity, poor quality, low price, and harmful properties [1]. In most agricultural organic waste treatment processes, the treatment efficiency is not high, and the environmental damage caused by improper treatment methods is relatively serious [2]. Most agricultural organic waste, due to its relatively abundance, can help protect the environment and save energy while improving comprehensive utilization of agricultural organic wastes. Ficus carica L., a fig plant, has a long history as a Moraceae [3]. Figs are native to the Mediterranean coast, from Turkey to Afghanistan, having been established in the region since ancient times [4]. In China, figs were introduced from Persia during the Tang Dynasty and have been cultivated in both the south and the north, especially in Xinjiang and Shandong provinces [5]. As a crop with a long history and due to its cultivation and high nutritional value, figs have always been a source of food for human survival. Regarding their nutritional value, figs have recently been used in food processing [6; 7]. Figs also have extensive medicinal value, as well as having functions in the nourishment of the stomach, the clearance of the intestines, the reduction of swelling, and detoxification [8; 9; 10]. Currently, fig leaves with a high biomass and many bioactive compounds are usually discarded, resulting in a waste of resources [11]. Fig leaves also contain flavonoids, sugars, pectin, tannins, vitamin C, trace elements, and other bioactive components [12; 13]. They have many pharmacological effects due to the large amounts of flavonoids contained in fig leaves. They can prevent cardiovascular diseases and are anti-osteoporotic and are used in the treatment of diarrhea, for scavenging oxidative free radicals and for blood lipid reduction, sore throats, and immune regulation [14; 15; 16; 17]. However, most of the flavonoids have not been identified or characterized. Therefore, in order to develop and utilize fig resources reasonably, extraction methods of flavonoids should necessarily be developed. At present, traditional extraction methods of flavonoids are commonly used. However, the traditional methods are inefficient and environmentally unfriendly [18]. In order to overcome these shortcomings, the aqueous two-phase extraction (ATPE) method could be used to replace conventional extraction methods. As an economic, mild, and simple separation method, it has been widely used in the field of natural product separation [19]. Additionally, enzyme-assisted extraction (EAE) is a better pretreatment method for separation. Cellulase can remove the pectin in the cell wall so that the material in the cell can be dissolved quickly and fully. This can improve the extraction yield of effective ingredients while reducing the consumption volume of solvents without destroying the structure of compounds. An enzymatic reaction is widely used in extracting various compounds from natural products due to its mildness, economical nature, and environmental protection [20]. Recently, UAE has been widely used in natural product extraction because of its time efficiency and reduced solvent usage [21; 22; 23]. For purposes of increasing the extraction efficiency of ATPE, a combination of the UAE and ATPE methods was developed [24; 25]. In this study, on the basis of the advantages of UAE, EAE and ATPE [26; 27], an ultrasonic enzyme-assisted ATPE (UEAATPE) method was developed for its environmental protection characteristics. Furthermore, the identification and characterization of eleven flavonoids was achieved using UPLC-QTOF-MS/MS from fig leaves. This research is of great significance for improving the development of fig leaves and promoting the rational utilization of this resource.