# The New Era of Business Digitization through the Implementation of 5G Technology in Romania
###### Abstract
The radio spectrum requirements to support the development of 5G technologies represent a combination of frequency bands in the spectrum below 1 GHz, between 1 and 6 GHz and above 6 GHz, which have different characteristics but offer different advantages [49]. At the European level, the Radio Spectrum Policy Group (RSPG) has identified as priority bands [50] for the early introduction of 5G mobile communications systems in the 700 MHz band of the European Union (694-790 MHz), 3400-3800 MHz band and 26 GHz band (24.25-27.5 GHz), features shown in Table 1.  
Additional technological components for 5G radio access include [51; 52]: advanced multiantenna, MIMO, and 3D beamforming technologies; ultralean transmissions to reduce interference caused by common signal resources and to maximize resource efficiency; flexible duplex in certain deployments of isolated local networks (dynamic FDD and/or TDD); access /backhaul integration, where fixed or wireless access uses the same technology and global spectrum; RAN virtualization, which contributes to the improvement of network efficiency and performance, making it possible to centralize Virtual Network Functions (VNF) on a common platform that supports both 4G and 5G; smart connectivity (5G and 4G coverage areas overlap), allowing the network to intelligently target data based on application requirements and the validity of network resources, enhancing the combined data transfer of 4G and 5G resources; and reducing the latency for shortening access procedures and changing the framework structure for instant access to the network. 5G will be used for [7; 8; 53]: (i) Enhanced Mobile Broadband (eMBB), which has two facets of function--expanding cellular coverage across a wider range of structures, including buildings offices, industrial parks, shopping centers, etc., and the improved ability to manage a significant number of devices using large volumes of data, especially in localized areas; (ii) Massive Internet of Things (MIoT)--5G will provide deeper and more \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{p{28.5 pt} p{28.5 pt} p{28.5 pt}} \hline \hline
**No.** & **Frequency Bands** & **Characteristics** \\ \hline \multirow{7}{*}{1.} & \multirow{7}{*}{700 MHz} & This is suitable for ensuring efficient coverage over large areas, as well as for improved coverage inside buildings, due to the propagation of radio waves over longer distances and better penetration inside buildings than those of higher frequency bands; The spectrum available in the 700 MHz band (in addition to the 800 MHz band) offers MFCN networks the opportunity to provide cost-effective coverage in rural areas; Like other bands below 1 GHz, it is suitable for the provision of narrowband IoT services, which require extensive coverage area and very good penetration within buildings and/or constructions; It will extend the spectrum below 1 GHz already used for the provision of broadband mobile communications services using LTE technology and will facilitate the implementation of 5G networks and the widespread introduction of innovative digital services. This is considered a primary bandwidth suitable for the introduction of 5G services before 2020, as it offers relatively large bandwidths and a good compromise between coverage and capacity, ensuring a significant increase in capacity and supporting enhanced broadband communications as well as applications that need low latency and high reliability, such as applications for critical missions (industrial automation and robotics) \\ \cline{1-1}  & \multirow{7}{*}{26 GHz} & This is a pioneering band for early 5G harmonization in Europe, by 2020, as it offers over 3 GHz of continuous spectrum and allows the provision of dense high capacity networks over short distances, and revolutionary 5G applications and services, which entail transfer speeds very large data, high capacity, and very low latency. \\ \cline{1-1}  & \multirow{7}{*}{26 GHz} & (source: [42; 43; 44]). \\ \cline{1-1}  & & \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 1: Frequency band characteristics.