## 6 Conclusions  
We used Sentinel-1A data to monitor the deformation of the Wuhan Yangtze River Bridge by means of SBAS InSAR technology. The contribution factors of deformation and the deformation mode of the Wuhan Yangtze River Bridge were explored. In particular, we analyzed the InSAR data in comparison with bridge structure, human activities, temperature and stratigraphy. The main conclusions are as follows:  
1. The SBAS-InSAR results indicate a vertical deformation rate for the Wuhan Yangtze River Bridge and area around the bridge ranging from \(-18.2\) to \(15.4\) mm/year. While the vertical deformation rate of the bridge structure remains relatively modest (\(-15.6\) to \(10.7\) mm/year), during the study period, the maximum uplift and lowering values recorded were \(37.3\) mm and \(-38.5\) mm, part of the deformation belonging to rebound deformation. 2. According to the experimental results, it was found that the lowering and uplifting of the Wuhan Yangtze River Bridge body occurred alternately. 3. By analyzing the deformation time series of characteristic points, it can be inferred that the reduction in human activity is the reason for the lower deformation amplitude from January to October 2020 compared to after October 2020. 4. After comparing the deformation of characteristic points with the temperature data of meteorological stations located \(15.5\) km apart from the bridge, a positive correlation was found for only a portion of the bridge. 5. By analyzing the deformation rates along the Wuhan Yangtze River Bridge, it was found that there is no significant settlement for piers built on highly compressible soils and no significant deformation for piers built on rock. This implies that the observed deformations are presumably absorbed by the structure. In conclusion, there is no direct correlation between observed sinkings and stratigraphy under the bridge piers. All authors contributed to the manuscript. [PERSON] and [PERSON] proposed the idea of this work, they were inspired by their previous bridge research work and proposed this work. [PERSON] processed and analyzed the InSAR data and contributed to the manuscript. [PERSON] analyzed the time series deformation of the bridge. [PERSON] provided feedback and revised the manuscript. [PERSON] provided access to temperature data. [PERSON] and [PERSON] analyzed the effect of temperature on bridge deformation. [PERSON] and [PERSON] made a critical comment on the manuscript. [PERSON] also revised the manuscript. In addition, [PERSON] provided the information and photos from the field survey of the Wuhan Yangtze River Bridge, which facilitated a better understanding of the bridge structure. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript. This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 42264004), the Open Fund of Hubei Luojia Laboratory (Grant No. 230100018) and the Guangxi Universities' 1000 Young and Middle-aged Backbone Teachers Training Program. Not applicable. Data Availability StatementData are openly available in the public repository. The authors thank the China Railway Major Bridge Engineering Group Co., Ltd. for providing information of the Wuhan Yangtze River Bridge; the Copernicus Program ([[https://www.copernicus.eu](https://www.copernicus.eu)]([https://www.copernicus.eu](https://www.copernicus.eu)) (accessed on 18 February 2023)) of the European Space Agency (ESA) for freely supplying Sentinel-1A SAR images; the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) for providing the Shuttle Radar Topography Mission digital elevation model (SRTM DEM; [[https://earthexplorer.usgs.gov](https://earthexplorer.usgs.gov)]([https://earthexplorer.usgs.gov](https://earthexplorer.usgs.gov)) (accessed on 18 February 2023)); the National Meteorological Science Data Center for providing the temperature data ([[http://data.cma.cn/](http://data.cma.cn/)]([http://data.cma.cn/](http://data.cma.cn/)) (accessed on 18 February 2023)).