## Self-Organized Heterocyclic Amines Films on Carbon Substrates for Photovoltaic Applications  
[PERSON], [PERSON], [PERSON], [PERSON], [PERSON], [PERSON], and [PERSON],  
1 Department of Physics of Semiconductor Materials and Structures and Their Diagnostics, V. Lashkaryov Institute of Semiconductor Physics of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 41 Nauky Ave., 03028 Kyiv, Ukraine  
2 Department for Electrochemical Power Engineering and Chemistry, Kyiv National University of Technology and Design, 2 Nemyrovych-Danchenko Str., 01011 Kyiv, Ukraine  
* Correspondence: [EMAIL_ADDRESS]; Tel: +380-(67)-5044565  
**Featured Application: Presently, the main trends in photovoltaics are high efficiency and cheapness. The main solutions for the first item are: (i) the presence of several junctions (there are four of them); (ii) ideal solar cell architecture, such as hybrids; (iii) new materials, for example, perovskite; (iv) new substrates; and (v) new physical insights, such as plasmonic efficiency enhancement. In the cheapness stage, the following approaches are proposed: (i) simplification of the production technology of solar cells; (ii) temperature reduction during the manufacturing process; (iii) inexpensive materials; (iv) use of simple equipment. Among the promising fields of application are organic on silicon hybrids. However, the high cost of the silicon substrate reduces the commercial potential of this solution. One of the candidates to replace silicon substrate is carbon. This article takes an important step towards understanding the formation of heterocyclic amines on a carbon substrate by self-organization. The regimes of the corresponding morphology of thin organic films have been determined. This brings the technology of self-organization closer to the formation of inexpensive and easily manufactured solar cells.**  
Future technologies for organic photovoltaics include self-organization and self-assembly. Heterocyclic amines, namely sodium sulfacyl, clonidine, and cyanocobalamin, were deposited on four types of carbon-on-paper substrates by the self-organization assembly method. Each organic film was deposited in the chemical bath for 10, 20, 40, 60, and 90 min. Carbon substrates were thin layers of carbon composites deposited on Maestro paper. Compositions of carbon films of thicknesses about 20 mcm included graphitized carbon black \"PureBlack@\"and graphite \"KGPS-1\" as the permanent components, as well as activated carbon, magnetite, nanotubes, and needle graphite DBX-010 as variable components. Polyvinyl butyral (PVB) served as a binder for all of these composites. Morphological features of organic-carbon hybrids were investigated using optical microscopy MII-4 of 500 nm resolution with a SLR camera. The injection properties of the obtained hybrids were studied on standard equipment for current-voltage characteristics measuring. The thin organic films demonstrated the possibility of self-organization on various carbon substrates. The best grid morphology was determined for the optimal deposition time between 20 and 40 min with circular-type cells. The best injection properties correlated with the best morphology. These heterocyclic amines-on-carbon hybrids are promising structures for the formation of non-expensive and easily-fabricated solar cells.  
**Keywords:** self-organization; chemical bath; heterocyclic amines; carbon black; carbon substrate; morphology; injection property; photovoltaics +
Footnote †: journal: Applied Sciences