## 5 Conclusions  
To conclude, in this study, metabonomic and transcriptomic analyses were conducted on grape berries growing in two different climates. Results showed changes in saccharides, organic acids and volatiles during berry ripening, and indicated the discrepancies in the contents of these compounds resulting from distinct climates. The high saccharide and low organic acid contents in TS indicated its greater maturity compared to US. (E)-2-Hexenal was the principal component in the 'Red Globe' grape variety, and declined during fruit ripening. We inferred that the high temperature and long sunlight duration in Turpan enhanced the expression of _VvWRKY22_, thus resulting in the abundant saccharides. During the TS fruit ripening, _MYB-related_ TFs were highly correlated to decanal and other volatiles that accumulated during fruit ripening. Terpenoid levels in grape berries were probably influenced by light and temperature by _ERF_ and _HSF_ modulation. The obtained results may enhance understanding of regulatory mechanisms of volatiles in grape berries.  
The following supporting information can be downloaded at: [[https://www.mdpi.com/article/10.3390/foods11101435/s1](https://www.mdpi.com/article/10.3390/foods11101435/s1)]([https://www.mdpi.com/article/10.3390/foods11101435/s1](https://www.mdpi.com/article/10.3390/foods11101435/s1)), Figure S1: External profiles of selected grape berries. DAF: days after flowering. Figure S2: Heatmap and clusters of 83 volatiles in grape berries. Samples are labeled as 'TS-S1' to 'TS-S5' and 'US-S1' to 'US-S5', standing for grapes grown in Turpan or Urumqi (TS or US) and development stages (S1 to 5). Figure S3: Cluster dendrogram. Figure S4: The correlation value among gene modules and volatiles. Volatiles were labeled by numbers consistent with Tables S2 and S3. Figure S5: KEGG enrichment of three gene modules. Table S1: Sequences and relative expression of validated genes (\(n=3\)). Table S2: Detected volatiles and their structures. Table S3: Information of detected volatiles (ng\(\cdot\)kg\({}^{-1}\)). Table S4: Alignments of RNA-sequencing reads. Table S5: Differentially expressed genes. Table S6: KEGG classification of DEGs. Table S7: The correlation values among transcription factors and volatiles.; Table S8: Corresponding modules of analyzed genes.  
Conceptualization, H.X. and X.G.; methodology, L.Q.; software, N.X.; validation, N.X.; formal analysis, L.Q.; investigation, H.X.; resources, M.W.; data curation, L.Q.; writing--original draft preparation, N.X.; writing--review and editing, H.X. and X.G.; visualization, N.X.; supervision, X.G.; project administration, H.X. and X.G.; funding acquisition, W.Z. and X.G. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.  
This research was funded by Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong-China (grant number 2021A1515012110), National Natural Science Foundation of China (grant number 31960577, 31860531) and Special Incubation Project of Science & Technology Renovation of Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences (grant number sjkcpy-2020001).  
Not applicable.  
The authors are very grateful to the Analytical and Testing Center of SCUT for laboratory analyses.  
The authors declare no conflict of interest.