# Safety and Security Considerations for Online Laboratory Management Systems
## Appendix A
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{p{113.8 pt} p{113.8 pt} p{113.8 pt} p{113.8 pt}} \hline \hline
**Author/Year** & **Issue** & **Solution** \\ \hline [PERSON], 2024 [84] & Security & Introduced a multilayered security model for remote cyber training laboratories, incorporating innovative techniques like multifactor authentication, VPNs, attribute-based access control, and anomaly detection, ensuring robust authentication, monitoring, integrity, encryption, and access control across multiple tiers. \\ \hline [PERSON] et al., 2023 [85] & Security & Implemented a secure, decentralized cyber-physical lab using blockchain, IPFS, and IoT devices, leveraging smart contracts for data storage and sharing, and a private blockchain network to ensure confidentiality, integrity, availability, and authorized access, thus protecting student privacy and the learning process. \\ \hline [PERSON] et al., 2007 [76] & Security & Access to the RLES (Remote Laboratories Emulation System) was facilitated through read-only virtual server libraries, which are capable of being copied, stored, and deployed. \\ \hline [PERSON] et al., 2007 [70] & Safety & Proposed a technique involving the deployment of a bootable live CD on the server side of the remote laboratory to minimize downtime due to hardware or software failures and to enhance the system’s reliability. \\ \hline [PERSON] et al., 2017 [72] & Security & Implemented an image-based password system using a narrative framework that offers a unique approach to enhance both security and user experience on digital platforms. \\ \hline [PERSON] et al., 2021 [82] & Security & Developed SecTULab, a Moodle-integrated secure remote lab access system, emphasizing privacy and group-based access through end-to-end encryption. \\ \hline [PERSON] et al., 2014 [65] & Security & Examined the security aspects of remote laboratories against malicious attacks and analyzed the potential risks. \\ \hline [PERSON] et al., 2013 [75] & Security & Employed EJS (Easy Java Simulation), which permits interaction between the laboratory station and the control panel that monitors operations. \\ \hline [PERSON] et al. 2012 [17] & Safety & Recommended using an authentication mechanism, firewall, and IDS (Intrusion Detection System). \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 4: Overview of the research addressing safety and security and remote laboratories. * _[PERSON] et al. (2021)_ [PERSON] [PERSON]; [PERSON]; [PERSON]; [PERSON]; [PERSON]; [PERSON] Addressing the Need for Online Engineering Labs for Developing Countries. In Proceedings of the 2021 World Engineering Education Forum/Global Engineering Deans Council (IFEES/GEDC), Madrid, Spain, 15-18 November 2021; IEEE: Piscataway, NJ, USA, 2021. [CrossRef]
* _IEEE 1876-2019_; Standard for Networked Smart Learning for Online Laboratories. IEEE: Piscataway, NJ, USA, 2019. Available online: [[https://standards.ieee.org/ieee/1876/5482/](https://standards.ieee.org/ieee/1876/5482/)]([https://standards.ieee.org/ieee/1876/5482/](https://standards.ieee.org/ieee/1876/5482/)) (accessed on 23 January 2025). * _IEEE P2834_; Standard for Secure and Trusted Learning Systems. IEEE: Piscataway, NJ, USA, 2023. Available online: [[https://sagroups.ieee.org/2834/](https://sagroups.ieee.org/2834/)]([https://sagroups.ieee.org/2834/](https://sagroups.ieee.org/2834/)) (accessed on 25 January 2025). * _P7004.1_; Recommended Practices for Virtual Classroom Security, Privacy, and Data Governance. IEEE: Piscataway, NJ, USA, 2023. Available online: [[https://standards.ieee.org/ieee/7004.1/10285/](https://standards.ieee.org/ieee/7004.1/10285/)]([https://standards.ieee.org/ieee/7004.1/10285/](https://standards.ieee.org/ieee/7004.1/10285/)) (accessed on 29 January 2025). * _P2881_; Standard for Learning Metadata. IEEE: Piscataway, NJ, USA, 2023. Available online: [[https://standards.ieee.org/ieee/2881/10248/](https://standards.ieee.org/ieee/2881/10248/)]([https://standards.ieee.org/ieee/2881/10248/](https://standards.ieee.org/ieee/2881/10248/)) (accessed on 30 January 2025).