esa-sceva/satcom-chunk-collection huggingface dataset:
# A Registration Method for Historical Maps Based on Self-Supervised Feature Matching
## 1 Introduction
Then, we apply a graph attention mechanism to enrich these feature descriptors with contextual information. Subsequently, we establish feature point correspondences between the two images using the iterative Sinkhorn algorithm. Finally, we filter and refine these matched point pairs to estimate the transformation model, thereby completing the historical map registration task. 3. We propose a self-supervised feature extraction method. Historical maps are limited in quantity and difficult to annotate manually. However, we observed that the processed map data essentially consist of collections of lines. Leveraging this characteristic, we generated fundamental geometric shapes (such as cubes, intersecting lines, letters, etc.) and applied geometric transformations to produce derivative images. These original and transformed shapes served as our original shape dataset. We then employed a convolutional neural network-based encoder-decoder architecture to train a feature extraction model, establishing a baseline. Subsequently, we applied this baseline model to historical map images for feature extraction and fine-tuned the results, ultimately obtaining a refined feature extraction model. 4. We propose a feature update module based on a graph attention mechanism. Map images typically exhibit pronounced local correlations while spanning a wide range of scales, making the learning of positional information crucial for improving matching accuracy. Therefore, we transform feature points into nodes in a graph: similarities among feature points within the same image are regarded as intra-graph edges, and similarities among feature points across different images are treated as inter-graph edges. We then construct a graph attention architecture to propagate positional information across the feature maps. This approach enables the learning of local positional information around feature points and the similarity relationships across different scales, thereby enhancing the accuracy of subsequent feature matching. The remainder of this paper is organized as follows. In Section 2, we provide a clear overview of the literature on related topics. Section 3 then provides a comprehensive explanation of each element in our proposed framework. Subsequently, Section 4 presents empirical findings and evaluates the impact of various components. Lastly, in Section 5, we conclude our work briefly and anticipate future improvements.
# Design and Experimental Evaluation of an Electrorheological
## 3 Evaluation of the Haptic Module
### Static Testing  
Figure 6 shows the test platform that was constructed to first evaluate the actuator under static loads. Figure 6a shows a photo of the ER haptic module embedded with three bending sensors. The sensors are 120 degrees apart in a radial arrangement to increase the accuracy of the displacement reading. As shown in Figure 6b, the haptic module was held in place and a piston was used to press an adjustable mass the against the actuator's contact surface. By stacking masses on top of the piston, the applied static pressure may be controlled. As the pressure increases, the piston presses the actuator's surface deeper. Four masses were used to discretely step up the indentation depth, which was measured by the bending sensor. Using the Arduino setup shown in Figure 6c, the output voltage of the sensors was collected and processed to determine and log the actuator's displacement. In the voltage divider circuit, 5 V was used as the supply voltage and a 100 k\(\Omega\) resistor was used as the reference resistor. During this test, a sine wave (\(\pm\)4 kV, 3 Hz) was applied to excite the actuator.  
Figure 7 shows the measured voltage across the sensor with respect to time. Each mass weighed 107 g and additional mass was added at 10 s intervals. Each individual sensor's reading was logged, together with the average reading. As shown, the sensors had a small degree of variance across their readings. This may be attributed to the piston head not covering the module's entire contact area and therefore not evenly applying pressure to all three bending sensors. However, as more mass is added, the readings from each sensor begin to converge. This is likely a result of how the piston displaces the module's contact area. Initially, a lower mass only displaces the contact area directly below the piston. As the displacement grows larger, the displacement area also increases because of the elastic properties of the actuator. With enough mass, the entire contact area will displace, resulting in all three bending sensors equally reading the displacement. In addition, the voltage output reaches a maximum after sufficient mass is added to fully depress the piston to the bottom of the actuator. However, it is important to note that the discrepancy in sensor readings reflects what would be expected from real-world interaction, where a user does not necessarily press directly at the center of the module every time. Therefore, taking the average of the three sensors provides sufficient redundancy. As shown, the sensors can accurately respond to changes in the applied mass, and thus the indentation depth.  
Figure 6: Static testing setup: (**a**) fabricated haptic module (ER actuator with embedded sensors); (**b**) test platform using adjustable masses to press the actuator; (**c**) sensing circuitry for logging the data over serial.
# Revealing Coupled Periodicities in Sunspot Time Series Using Bispectrum--An Inverse Problem
## 2 Sunspot SILSO Data and Planetary Orbits
### Daily Total Sunspot Data--SILSO  
The daily total sunspot data were obtained for more than two centuries, thus providing an important tool to work on our star and planetary system [23]. The date from which the sunspot data were strictly recorded on a daily basis was the 1 January 1818. The daily total sunspot number derived was obtained by the formula \(\rm R=N_{s}+10\)\({}^{*}\times N_{g}\), with \(\rm N_{s}\) representing the number of spots and \(\rm N_{g}\) the number of groups counted over the entire solar disk. Before 1818, the data acquisition was not systematic and the records were sparse and not taken into consideration. The Solar Influences Data Analysis Center is a World Data Center for the production, preservation, and dissemination of the international sunspot number ([[https://www.sidc.be/SILSO/home](https://www.sidc.be/SILSO/home)]([https://www.sidc.be/SILSO/home](https://www.sidc.be/SILSO/home)) (accessed on 1 September 2023)), SILSO, Sunspot Index and Long-Term Solar Observations. SILSO data are under the CC BY-NC4.0 license, which means that you can:  
Share--copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format, and adapt--remix, transform, and build upon the material, as long as you follow the license terms:  
* Attribution--You must provide appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.
* Non-Commercial--You may not use the material for commercial purposes.  
In this study, the sunspot data series provided publicly, along with the Higher-Order Spectral Analysis Toolbox [24], were employed. These data are known to have an approximate 11-year cycle. This is demonstrated in Figure 1, where the 11-year cycle is prominent and, simultaneously, a square pulse of a 4000 sample semi-period is shown to fit this 11-year period.  
Figure 1: The 11-year cycle of sunspot data starting from 1818. A pulse with a 4000 sample semi-period (10.95 years) seems to fit the data perfectly. The horizontal axis represents days.  
Before any kind of processing, the data were filtered with an 11-point median filter. This was necessary in order to eliminate unwanted outliers and obtain, later on, a fine spectral analysis of the sunspot series. The result is demonstrated in Figure 2.
# Energy and Exergy Analyses of an Existing Solar-Assisted Combined Cycle Power Plant
## 4 Results and Discussion
### Investigating the Sources of Exergy Destruction  
From the attained results, it is clear that the amount of exergy destruction in the various components of the ISCC is altered. This variation is assumed to be due to different reasons such as the type of device, the process, etc.  
Moreover, the results showed that the combustion chamber and the solar field represent the sites of highest exergy destruction in the ISCC. In this section, an attempt is made to explore and clarify the sources of exergy destruction in the solar field and the combustion chamber to identify the possibility of enhancing the performance of these components.
## 4 Terminology  
In this paper, these terms are used as follows: \"kinetic\" refers to actions, forces, or movements in the physical world. It commonly denotes phenomena involving actual motion or energy transfer. \"Cyber\" pertains to the virtual or digital domain, encompassing activities, systems, or elements related to computers, information technology, networks, and digital communication. \"Cyber-physical\" describes the integration or intersection between the cyber (digital) and physical (real-world) domains. It signifies systems, technologies, or environments where digital components interact with and impact physical entities. In the maritime sector, IT systems which interact with OT systems, such as rudders, engines, ballast, causing and monitoring physical motion and energy transfer, are good examples of systems that are cyber-physical. Similarly, the term \"hybrid\" is used to refer to a combination or fusion of digital (cyber) and physical elements within a single system or environment. It implies a convergence of technologies where digital components interact with physical entities. A hybrid attack on shipping is one that involves elements of cyber and physical vectors: a criminal group that hacks the database of a shipping company to search for high value cargo, then boards a specific vessel at sea and uses barcode readers to physically search for the targeted cargo (based on a real incident [44]) is an example of a hybrid mode of attack.
## 1 Introduction  
### Home Appliances and Accessibility  
The advent of innovative technologies with modern features and services that make life more convenient and comfortable exists is presently taking place. The latest technologies, including home appliances, deliver benefits to our lives; however, due to the lack of accessibility support from the manufacturers and designers, a considerable number of people in need of accessibility support have been ignored. Such technologies may lead to more difficulties for some users when utilizing them to achieve their desired goals than outdated products would have. In particular, it is challenging for disabled users and elderlies who have diminished function in vision, hearing, or even mobility to fully appreciate the newly released top-notch technologies due to their issues with impaired modality and mobility or even lack of experience.  
The World Health Organization [1] reported that the number of people living with one or more disabilities is more than one billion--nearly 15% of the world population--and almost 200 million experience considerable difficulties in functioning. The number of the disabled population may grow larger in number because most disabilities are acquired during the lifetime of an individual rather than being congenital [2,3]. It is sensible to reckon that these users will confront unreasonable endeavors of both cognitive and physical manner, along with consequent safety issues if there is no accessibility support given for them when using daily appliances. It is important to assure that such users do not feel that they are dependent or need help in their everyday life issues [4; 5] when using a product.  
Presently, stakeholders, including manufacturers, recognize that there is a significant population with accessibility issues using their products. Moreover, it is a major social responsibility of manufacturers to ensure a product is accessible to diverse users [6], especially for the manufacturers of home appliances that fulfill the core needs of human life. According to the report of the Ministry of Trade, Industry, and Energy in South Korea in 2014 [7], accessibility issues are prevalent with home appliances, such as washing machines, microwaves, and refrigerators for people with visual impairment, hearing impairment, and upper and lower limb impairments. In this study, we chose the washing machines, microwaves, ovens, and cooktops as target appliances. These all require a user to perform a similar task sequence to operate; a user loads an object in or on the appliance, delivers control commands, monitors the operational status, fixes an error at its occurrence, and unloads the object from the appliance. Moreover, the structures or mechanisms of the major home appliances do not differ significantly by countries from those in Korea, and the users with the same type of disability will experience similar problems outside of Korea, accordingly.
# Editorial for Special Issue: Fishery Acoustics, Applied Sciences, and Practical Applications
## 3 Fishery Detection and Tracking  
Fishery scientists and fishermen are sometimes curious about the location of fish and moving behaviors, in conjunction with the environment changes or manmade effects, to manage the biomass properly. These problems can be identified as locating, tracking, and monitoring.  
In the paper \"Hydroacoustic and Pressure Turbulence Analysis for the Assessment of Fish Presence and Behavior Upstream of a Vertical Trash Rack at a Run-of-River Hydropower Plant\", [PERSON] et al. [9] investigated the spatial distribution of fish upstream of a vertical trash rack at a hydropower plant to monitor fish presence and flow characteristics at large hydro power sites. They used combining hydroacoustic observations of acoustic cameras (DIDSON and ARIS) and acoustic Doppler current profiler (ADCP), for fish locations with multivariate hydrodynamic data. This work suggests a multimodal monitoring approach, incorporating both fish position data and hydrodynamic information to create an automated fishery detection and monitoring system to assist fish protection operations in near real time.  
In [10], [PERSON] et al. suggested an approach using an autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) to map the fish movement, in the paper \"Tracking the Movements of Juvenile Chinook Salmon using an Autonomous Underwater Vehicle under Payload Control'. The AUV, after detecting a tag, deviated repeatedly from its preprogrammed route and performed a maneuver designed to enhance the location estimate of the fish and to move closer to collect proximal environmental data. The results suggest that AUV-based payload control can provide an effective method for mapping the movements of marine fish.
# Analysis of Wind-Induced Vibration Response of Transmission Wire Under Crosswind in Canyon Terrain
## 5 Wind Vibration Characteristics of Wire Under Steady-State Constant Wind Speed Input
### Conditions of Different Distances Between Wire and Mountain  
The model where a single mountain is located in front of the wire was set and the calculation domain model grid division is shown in Figure 7. The mountain size and position remained the same and the wire position was moved. The working conditions, that the distances between the wire and mountain are 20 m, 30 m, 40 m, and 50 m, were set. The time-history curves of the z-displacement and y-displacement of the midpoint of the wire are shown in Figure 8. Different conditions are expressed in terms of their distances. In the figure legend, the distance is shown as \"D\". This can be seen in Figure 8.  
(1) The distance between the conductor and the mountain mainly affected the vibration of the conductor in the initial stage and it had little effect on the position of the wire's final stable state. The stable position of the wire at different distances was similar to that of the wire at flat terrain; (2) The influence of distance on the amplitude of wire vibration displacement was different in different directions. The mountain barrier reduced the lateral force on the wire and the maximum peak value of vibration in the z-direction. The closer the wire was to the mountain, the smaller the maximum peak value of vibration was. The flow past effect caused by the mountain increased the lift force on the wire and the maximum peak value of vibration in the y-direction. The closer the wire was to the mountain, the greater the maximum peak value of vibration was.  
Figure 6: Comparison of displacement time–history curves.  
Figure 7: The cross-sectional grid of the calculation domain.
## 3 Results and Discussion
### Cellulose Crystallinity  
The change of cellulose crystallinity as a result of the steam explosion and organosolv treatment was determined by analyzing the x-ray diffraction patterns (Figure 4 and Table 6). By the XRD peak height method, crystallinity index was calculated from the ratio of the height of the 002 peaks (22.7\({}^{\circ}\)) and the height of the minimum (18.3\({}^{\circ}\)) between the 002 and the 101 peaks [23]. The crystallinity of EFB fiber decreased due to the steam explosion and organosolv treatment. The lowest crystallinity was shown in E-S-CS under the condition of 180-10 (35.9%). The crystallinity of EFB increased by increasing the severity factor. This might be caused by the removal of the amorphous structure of cellulose or components like hemicellulose.  
Cellulose crystallinity after the dilute acid impregnation followed by two-step pretreatment was determined by analyzing the X-ray diffraction patterns. The crystallinity of EFB fiber also decreased by both ACSE process and ACO. There was little change of crystallinity, however, between the raw and organosolv treatment.  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c c} \hline \hline  & & \multicolumn{6}{c}{**Total Sugar (mg/g Fraction)**} & **Lignin** \\ \cline{3-8}  & & **Glucose** & **Xylose** & **Arabinose** & **Galactose** & **Mannose** & **(mg/g Fraction)** \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{EA-S} & 220-20 & 483 & 170 & 23 & 10 & 4 & 244 \\  & 0.5\% & 433 & 104 & - & - & - & 337 \\  & 1.0\% & 421 & 76 & - & - & - & 380 \\  & 2.0\% & 373 & 33 & - & - & - & 459 \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{EA-S-CS} & 220-20 & 447 & 161 & 20 & 8 & 5 & 232 \\  & 0.5\% & 426 & 89 & - & - & - & 253 \\ \cline{1-1}  & 1.0\% & 405 & 50 & - & - & - & 279 \\ \cline{1-1}  & 2.0\% & 380 & 48 & - & - & - & 301 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}
Table 4: Sugar content of pretreated EFB solid fractions under different temperatures and residence times.  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c} \hline \hline  & & \multicolumn{6}{c}{**Total Sugar (mg/mL Liquid)**} & **Lignin** \\ \cline{3-6}  & & **Glucose** & **Xylose** & **Arabinose** & **Galactose** & **Mannose** & **(mg/mL Liquid)** \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{EA-L} & 220-20 & 12.2 & 10.1 & 3.6 & 0.3 & - & n.d. \\  & 0.5\% & 0.3 & 13.4 & 0.7 & 0.3 & - & n.d. \\  & 1.0\% & 1.4 & 20.6 & 0.8 & 0.4 & 0.2 & n.d. \\  & 2.0\% & 7.9 & 21.9 & 1.1 & 0.7 & 1.0 & n.d. \\  & 220-20 & - & 2.2 & 3.0 & - & 0.4 & 38.2 \\ \cline{1-1}  & 0.5\% & 0.8 & 3.2 & - & - & - & 19.0 \\ \cline{1-1}  & 1.0\% & 0.1 & 1.4 & - & - & - & 20.5 \\ \cline{1-1}  & 2.0\% & - & 2.4 & - & - & - & 12.2 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular} EA-L: liquid fraction obtained from acid catalyzed steam explosion treatment of acid impregnated EFB. EA-S-OL: organosolv liquor obtained from alkali catalyzed organosolv treatment of EA-S fraction.  
\end{table}
Table 5: Sugar content of acid pretreated EFB liquid fractions.
## 6 Results and Discussion
### Simulation Results
Compared to otherdecoders, which either have high rate but high resource consumption or low resource consumption but also low rate, our decoder can achieve a balance between resource and rate, which can meet the demand of low power consumption and high throughput well, and at the same time has a good BER performance. As an additional facet of our analysis, Figure 11 provides insights into the average number of iterations required for successful decoding, which shows the convergence speed of the algorithms. This figure reaffirms the slight disparity introduced by our proposed LDPC code when compared to the CCSDS LDPC code at higher SNRs. Furthermore, it is evident that utilizing the 2-bit MSA leads to a performance penalty, underscoring the trade-off inherent in its application. Figure 11: Number of iterations analysis. Figure 10: Bit error rate analysis. And performance of decoders in [36; 37; 38; 39].
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{p{113.8 pt} p{113.8 pt} p{113.8 pt} p{113.8 pt}} \hline \hline
**NIL Method** & **Process Details** & **Model/Substrate** & **Resist Materials** \\ \hline \multirow{6}{*}{Thermal NIL} & Thermal annealing of polymers at temperatures up to 50 \({}^{\circ}\)C & High hardness (Young’s modulus should be higher than that of resist): silicon, glasses, quartz, nickel, ceramics, Al oxideNote: thermal expansion of mold and substrate should match & Only thermoplastic polymers: polystyrene (PS), poly(methyl-methacrylate) (PMMA), polycarbonate (PC), polyethyleneerephthalate (PTS), siloxane copolymers (PDMS-PS), PDMS-g-PMMA, specified spin-on polymers \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{UV NIL at room temperature} & UV, EUV exposure & UV-transparent materials: quartz glass; soft stamps are more common for UV NIL: polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), PMMA & Low viscosity UV-sensitive materials, ideally with low volume shrinkage after polymerization--usually liquid functionalized monomers or oligomers, CARs \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{UV NIL + thermal annealing [18; 19]} & Simultaneous UV exposure and substrate heating & UV-transparent materials & UV-curable polymers with better surface coverage and lower imprint temperatures as for T-NIL can be used \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 1: NIL methods summarized from reference [18; 19; 20; 21; 22; 23]. concept model presented in preceding studies by designing a 240 mm \(\times\) 240 mm \(\times\) 20 mm hot plate and analyzing its thermal behavior with computational analysis. They reported that the hot plate provided heating performance and temperature uniformity which satisfied the design requirements. This study created and used an adjunct program which can model PID control to recreate the thermal behavior of a hot plate that is equipped with an actual feedback controller. To ensure temperature uniformity, the study used aluminum, which has a very high thermal diffusion coefficient, as the hot plate material. However, the aluminum, which has a low surface hardness, was not found to be a suitable material for TH-NIL processing in which it is exposed to high pressure pressing. Aware of this problem, [PERSON] [36] fabricated a hot plate from stainless steel, which has high surface hardness, and performed heating experiments. However, these did not include cooling experiments that used flowing refrigerant in the cooling holes, and therefore the overall process' thermal performance could not be evaluated. The present paper focuses on a hot plate that is fabricated from stainless steel, which has high strength and hardness, so that it can withstand the pressurizing process. It numerically analyzes abnormal thermal behavior in the heating and cooling process and evaluates the suitability of the thermal design. The goal is to understand the thermal problems which can occur during this process due to the stainless steel material which has a low thermal conductivity and to find methods for resolving these problems.