## 3 Methodology: Requirements Analysis, Selection of Buildings, and Technologies
### Choosing the Set of Buildings for Retrofitting Sensor and Control Networks
#### 3.2.2 Selection of Buildings
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{l c c c c c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Building Index** & **01** & **02** & **03** & **04** & **05** & **06** & **07** & **08** & **09** \\ \hline \multicolumn{10}{c}{General Information} \\ \hline Construction Year & 1976 & 2006 & 1964 & 2009 & 2019 & 1969 & 2018 & 2011 & 2016 \\ Renovation Year & & & 1979 & & & 2003 & & \\ Number of Floors & 2 & 3 & 2 & 1 & 4 & 3 & 1 & 3 & 2 \\ Net Floor Area in m\({}^{2}\) & 999 & 403 & 1.002 & 692 & 3.304 & 3.582 & 1.964 & 1.735 & 859 \\ Orientation & NW, SE & SE, NE & SE, NW & NE, SW & NW, SE & SW, NE & NE & NE, SW & SW \\ \hline \multicolumn{10}{c}{Typical Usage} \\ \hline Offices & x & x & x & x & x & x & x & x \\ Labs & & x & & x & & x & & x \\ Workshop & & & x & & & & x & \\ Childcare & & & & & & & x & \\ \hline \multicolumn{10}{c}{Occupants/Users} \\ \hline Researchers & x & & & x & x & & x & & x \\ Management & & & x & x & & & x & \\ Operative Staff & & & x & & & & & \\ Visitors & & x & & & & & x & \\ Children & & & & & & & x & \\ \hline \multicolumn{10}{c}{Heating} \\ \hline Radiators & x & x & x & x & x & x & x & x & x \\ Floor Heating & & x & & x & & x & \\ \hline \multicolumn{10}{c}{Ventilation} \\ \hline Manual & x & x & x & x & x & x & & x & x \\ Automated & & & x & & x & & x \\ \hline Large Consumers & & x & x & x & x & x & & x \\ \hline Connection to LDTH \({}^{1}\) & & & & & & & & x \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular} \({}^{1}\) Low-temperature district heating network.  
\end{table} 
Table 2: Overview of selected buildings and their characteristics (Group 1). solely equipped with radiators. Cooling or air conditioning is not provided in the building. The only option to regulate indoor air quality is by manual ventilation. The building, on the one hand, serves as a location for scientific courses and meetings, and on the other hand, provides offices for teaching and administrative staff. Hence, the resulting usage and occupants' activities are mixed throughout the building and vary in time, although usage patterns tend to repeat as courses are offered on a regular basis. To conclude, the building holds great potential in terms of load-shifting through the thermal activation of building mass and blinds control. Additionally, differing user behavior is expected depending on the buildings' occupants, which offers the ability to thoroughly investigate energy-related user-building interactions (including heating, shading, and ventilation patterns). Some BACS functionality was already present in the building. Heat supply from the campus' district heating network was controlled based on heating curves that depend on the current outdoor temperature. For the floor heating, a wireless setup was used initially, comprising a _human-machine interface_ (HMI) device, a controller, and valve actuators. However, the system did not work properly when the building was assessed in 2019, and neither did the building-integrated weather station, nor the (safety-related) blinds automation. The retrofit measures taken in this building regarding the room automation are described in more detail below, in Section 3.3.3. Apart from existing buildings, new buildings are also equipped with a comprehensive read and write access to actuators and sensors to implement and evaluate innovative,