## 3 Results
### VPX Prototype  
The establishment of an indie virtual production set, illustrated in Figure 3, serves as a multifaceted platform catering to both film production and educational purposes. By incorporating real-time rendering game engines like Unreal Engine, filmmakers are afforded the opportunity to immerse themselves in virtual environments, marking a transformative shift in content creation methodologies. This shift is characterized by a move towards a parallel and collaborative pipeline, a significant departure from the traditional sequential task completion process, signaling VPX's burgeoning influence globally due to the ongoing advancements and increasing accessibility of virtual production technologies. Figure 3: Chroma Virtual Production Set tested at the lab. (**a**) Chroma Backdrop; (**b**) Camera with tracking system; (**c**) Reference Monitor; (**d**) Talent with PCap system; (**e**) Lights; (**f**) Realtime Compositing. Central to the virtual production setup are several key technological components. Unneal Engine 5 (UE5) is pivotal, renowned for its real-time rendering capabilities that allow for the creation of lifelike virtual scenes using advanced technologies like Nanite and Lumen [54]. Aximmetry acts as a bridge, integrating UE5 with the studio's hardware to manage tracking, compositing, and scene synchronization, ensuring fluid interaction between virtual and physical realms [55]. The Antilatency Tracking System provides precise, low-latency tracking essential for aligning virtual and real-world elements seamlessly [56]. Complementing these is the Blackmagic Cinema Pocket Camera 4K, which captures high-quality footage within the virtual environment. Proper studio lighting is crucial to maintain consistent illumination across both realms, while a green chroma backdrop offers the flexibility to substitute the physical environment with any virtual scene dynamically. In our small VPX prototype, the chroma effect was successfully achieved by utilizing a specialized system termed the \"Retroreflective Greenscreen Light Ring.\" This system is composed of a distinct gray fabric designed to reflect the green light emitted by a ring of LEDs surrounding the camera. Such a configuration facilitated the attainment of satisfactory results within a constrained space, obviating the necessity for extensive lighting equipment to illuminate the chroma background, thereby rendering the process cost-efficient. The technological setup comprised a straightforward workstation equipped with 64 GB of RAM and an NVIDIA 4090 graphics card. Additionally, the integration of input signals was adeptly managed through the deployment of an Elgato Cam Link stick, which converted the Black Magic camera's output into a 4K resolution webcam feed, seamlessly integrated into Unreal Engine as the primary video source for virtual production. This straightforward yet effective setup brings to the fore a range of advantages and disadvantages when evaluated within the context of virtual production capabilities. Among the notable advantages is the cost-effectiveness of the system. The utilization of economical components, such as the Elgato Cam Link stick paired with a basic workstation outfitted with a high-performance NVIDIA 4090 graphics card, substantially lowers the financial barriers to achieving high-quality virtual production. Moreover, the space efficiency introduced by the Retroreflective Greenscreen Light Ring system enables the achievement of chroma effects in limited spaces without the necessity for elaborate lighting arrangements, rendering it particularly suitable for smaller studios or residential settings. Conversely, this setup is not without its drawbacks. The operation of such a system necessitates a degree of technical acumen, especially in navigating the intricacies of Unreal Engine and the integration process of various components, which may present a learning curve for some users.