## 3 Results and Discussion
### Electromagnetic Field on Different European Roads  
#### 3.1.1 Austria  
In Austria, electric field measurements were carried out in the car cabin during driving on both motorways and expressways (between points P1 AT-P2 AT and P2 AT-P3 AT), as shown in Figures 2 and 3. The road section of P1 AT-P2 AT covers part of the motorways (A4 and A21) and expressway S1 (see Figure 2b). P2 AT-P3 AT covers part of the A1 motorway. The selected driving roads are part of the second longest road in the International E-road network--E 60. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Country** & **Road Sector** & **N** & **Mean** & **Min** & **Median** & **Max** \\ \hline Austria & P1 AT–P2 AT & 28,762 & 0.420 & 0.111 & 0.313 & 17.395 \\  & P2 AT–P3 AT & 14,684 & 0.326 & 0.111 & 0.308 & 1.353 \\ \hline Bulgaria & P1 BG–P2 BG & 7905 & 0.358 & 0.111 & 0.250 & 7.144 \\  & P2 BG–P3 BG & 17,174 & 0.264 & 0.111 & 0.220 & 9.601 \\  & P3 BG–P4 BG & 34,404 & 0.261 & 0.111 & 0.226 & 11.332 \\ \hline Croatia & P1 HR–P2 HR & 8421 & 0.330 & 0.111 & 0.237 & 4.940 \\  & P2 HR–P3 HR & 30,322 & 0.294 & 0.111 & 0.247 & 8.959 \\ \hline Hungary & P1 HU–P2 HU & 11,067 & 0.250 & 0.111 & 0.224 & 5.329 \\  & P2 HU–P3 HU & 13,022 & 0.268 & 0.111 & 0.238 & 5.468 \\  & P3 HU–P4 HU & 9461 & 0.317 & 0.126 & 0.263 & 5.500 \\ \hline Italy & P1 IT–P2 IT & 5358 & 0.329 & 0.111 & 0.275 & 3.803 \\  & P2 IT–P3 IT & 14,277 & 0.247 & 0.120 & 0.227 & 6.117 \\  & P3 IT–P4 IT & 6784 & 0.249 & 0.111 & 0.232 & 1.761 \\  & P4 IT–P5 IT & 18,241 & 0.289 & 0.111 & 0.247 & 7.209 \\  & P5 IT–P1 SI & 18,550 & 0.318 & 0.111 & 0.255 & 9.941 \\ \hline Slovenia & P1 SI–P2 SI & 12,187 & 0.323 & 0.111 & 0.275 & 5.606 \\  & P2 SI–P3 SI & 26,709 & 0.354 & 0.111 & 0.289 & 6.455 \\ \hline  & P1 RS–P2 RS & 4944 & 0.223 & 0.111 & 0.215 & 3.121 \\  & P2 RS–P3 RS & 10,073 & 0.270 & 0.120 & 0.231 & 3.519 \\  & P3 RS–P4 RS & 3452 & 0.251 & 0.126 & 0.234 & 3.935 \\ Republic & P4 RS–P5 RS & 10,217 & 0.246 & 0.111 & 0.234 & 2.236 \\ of Serbia & P5 RS–P6 RS & 7164 & 0.241 & 0.111 & 0.227 & 1.699 \\  & P6 RS–P7 RS & 5795 & 0.685 & 0.126 & 0.473 & 7.756 \\  & P7 RS–P8 RS & 6488 & 0.282 & 0.133 & 0.244 & 7.572 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 3: Descriptive statistics of \(E_{total}\) for all road sectors. From Figures 2 and 3 and Table 3, it can be seen that the median of \(E_{total}\) is 0.31 V/m for the two road sections. In addition, from the box plots, we can see that in the first road section (P1 AT-P2 AT) the mean is 0.42 V/m; this indicates that the data are skewed. Moreover, there are outliers in the distribution for this road section (P1 AT-P2 AT), and a  
Figure 3: Austria: (**a**) Boxplot showing total electric field (\(E_{total}\)) and electric field on each axis (\(Ex\), \(Ey\), and \(Ez\)). The central dotted line in the box shows the median, and the bottom and top edges are the 25 th and 75 th percentiles, respectively; (**b**) Map showing the selected road on which measurements were taken. Figure 2: Austria: (**a**) Boxplot showing total electric field (\(E_{total}\)) and electric field on each axis (\(E_{x}\), \(E_{y}\), and \(Ez\)). The central dotted line in the box shows the median, and the bottom and top edges are the 25 th and 75 th percentiles, respectively; (**b**) Map showing the selected road on which measurements were taken. maximal value of 17.4 V/m is obtained. The components of the E-field for the maximal value are 8.5 V/m (_Ex_), 5.7 V/m (_Ey_), and 14.6 V/m (_Ez_), which can be used as an indicator for the orientation of the E-field of the incident electromagnetic wave. We assume that obtained results reflect that part of the Vienna Ring Road falls within this road section. Another factor that contributes to the higher electric field value is the deployment of the base station antennas.