## 3 Purple Carrot and Prevention of MetS and Cancers
### Anti-Inflammatory and Anti-Cancer Potential of Purple Carrot
\begin{table}
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**Main Group** & **Subject** & **Material and Method** & **Result** & **References** \\ \hline Purple carrot juice & Rats & 5\% of the whole diet & Reduced lipid profile, cardiac fibrosis, abdominal adiposity, blood pressure (systolic) hepatic steatosis, inflammatory markers and improved glucose tolerance & [56] \\ \hline A fermented extract of purple carrot by _Aspergillus oryzae_ & Estrogen-deficient rats & - & Reduces energy impairment, lipid level and improves glucose metabolism & [46] \\ \hline Purple carrot extract (fermented with _Lactobacillus Plantarum, Aspergillus Orzae_) & Type 2 Diabetes in rats with dementia & Diet containing dextrin (2\%), (ovariectomized-control group), purple carrot extract 2\% (unfermented), 2\% extract of purple carrot fermented by _L. plantarum_ and 2\% extract of purple carrot fermented by _Aspergillus oryzae_ for 12 weeks & Improved cognitive ability by improving hippocampal insulin resistance & [68] \\ \hline Dried purple carrot & Overweight and obese adults & Anthocyanins (118.5 mg) and phenolic acids (259.2 mg) consumed each day for 4 weeks & Significant alterations in body composition, diet intake, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein levels, body composition, blood pressure, appetite, and C-reactive protein levels & [75] \\ \hline Purple carrot /Orange carrot & Individuals at risk of cardiovascular disease & 100 g of colored carrot, 2 times/day for 12 weeks & Purple carrots enriched with anthocyanins may improve blood pressure (systolic and diastolic) and triglyceride levels & [73] \\ \hline Purple carrot and shalgam juice & - & Reduces the risk of cancer and CVD & [72] \\ \hline Purple carrot juice & Animal model & Juice of purple carrot thirty days & Reduced SOD activity and blood triglyceride concentration, with no significant changes in plasma glucose & [35] \\ \hline Purple carrot & Human & - & Effective against diabetes; cyanidin 3-xylosyl galactoside is an ideal component for the inhibition of enzymes involved in glucose metabolism & [65] \\ \hline Purple carrot juice & - & Carrot juice (0.5 mg/mL, and 1 mg/mL) & The results showed increased glucose uptake and insulin activity & [69] \\ \hline Deep purple carrot (DPC) & - & - & An inhibitory effect was observed on a-glucosidase \(\alpha\)-amylase and glucose uptake of cells, thus showing anti-diabetic potential & [45] \\ \hline Fresh carrot Juice & Breast cancer survivors & 69, duration of 3 weeks & The result showed enhancement in plasma carotenoid levels and reductions in oxidative stress & [77] \\ \hline Lyophilized powder of anthocyanins of purple carrot & Human colorectal cancer cell line & Dose: 0.0 to 2.0 mg/mL & 2.0 mg per mL anthocyanin concentration reduced the 80\% growth of cancer cells (HT-29 and HL-60) & [78] \\ \hline Purple carrots & - & - & In a dose-dependent manner, reduced nitric oxide production by 65\%, without causing any cytotoxicity, in addition to reducing inflammatory markers iNOS, TNF-\(\alpha\), IL-6, and IL-1\(\downarrow\) & [81] \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
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Table 4: The impact of purple carrot consumption with regard to MetS and cancer.