# Statistical Methods in Bidding Decision Support for Construction Companies
## 1 Introduction
Different methods and tools are used to build models supporting construction contractors' decisions to bid. A summary of the selected existing (published after 2000) models is provided in Table 1.  
Figure 1: Bidding decisions of the building contractor within the building life cycle. It is worth noting that the indicated models differ in the methods used. Different methods, techniques, and approaches are sought and applied to obtain the most effective models. What is important, continuously for at least 20 years, modeling of a tender decision is still an object of research and interest of researchers. The models proposed in the literature are generally based on factors, also called criteria, affecting the decision, and using them as input parameters. The number of publications on the identification of factors is considerable, as each country and region has a certain characteristic group of factors that will not be found in other markets [48; 49; 50]. It can therefore be concluded that the factors influencing tender decisions depend not only on the project to be tendered but also on the environment and market in which the contractor operates. Bidding problems are also known in procurement auctions [51; 52]. This paper [53] presents the analysis of the relation between the award price and the bidding price in the case of public procurement in Spain. An award price estimator was proposed as it is believed to be particularly useful for companies and public procurement agencies. Procurement auctions have long been employed in the logistics and transportation industry [54]. In combinatorial auctions, each carrier must determine the set of profitable contracts to bid on and the associated ask prices. This is known as the bid construction problem (BCP) [55]. Different approaches for the bid construction problem (BCP) in transportation procurement auctions are proposed in literature. One of them can be found in [56] where authors proposed solving the BCP problem for heterogeneous truckload using exact and heuristic methods. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c} \hline \hline
**Bidding Decision Model** & **Authors** & **Source** & **Year of Publication** \\ \hline Model based on Case-based reasoning approach & [PERSON], [PERSON], [PERSON]. & [31] & 2001 \\ \hline Model based on the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) method & [PERSON], [PERSON], [PERSON]. & [32] & 2001 \\ \hline Model based on artificial neural network & [PERSON], [PERSON], [PERSON]. & [33] & 2003 \\ \hline Model based on fuzzy linguistic approach & [PERSON], [PERSON]. & [34] & 2004 \\ \hline Model based on logistic regression & [PERSON], [PERSON]. & [35] & 2007 \\ \hline Model based on a knowledge system & [PERSON], [PERSON]. & [36] & 2008 \\ \hline Model based on data envelopment analysis (DEA) & [PERSON] & [37] & 2010 \\ \hline Model based on a multi-criteria analysis and fuzzy set & [PERSON], [PERSON], [PERSON], & [38] & 2011 \\ theory & [PERSON]. & & \\ \hline Model based on an ant colony optimisation algorithm & [PERSON] & [39] & 2012 \\ and artificial neural network & & & \\ \hline Model based on fuzzy Analytical Hierarchy Process & [PERSON], [PERSON], [PERSON], [PERSON] & [40] & 2013 \\ and regression-based simulation & & & \\ \hline Model based on a fuzzy set theory & [PERSON], [PERSON], [PERSON] & [41] & 2016 \\ \hline Model based on RBF neural networks & [PERSON] & [42] & 2016 \\ \hline Model based on the simple additive weighted scoring & [PERSON] & [43] & 2017 \\ \hline Model based on the fuzzy AHP & [PERSON], [PERSON], [PERSON], [PERSON], [PERSON], [PERSON], [PERSON], [PERSON], [PERSON] & [44] & 2018 \\ \hline Model based on the game theory & [PERSON], [PERSON], [PERSON], [PERSON], [PERSON] & [45] & 2020 \\ \hline Model based on structural equation & [PERSON], [PERSON], [PERSON], [PERSON], [PERSON], [PERSON] & [46] & 2020 \\ \hline Model Based on Projection Pursuit Learning Method & [PERSON], [PERSON], [PERSON], [PERSON], [PERSON], [PERSON], Chen, [PERSON] & [47] & 2021 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}