## 2 Background and Related Work  
The construction industry is currently working to build smarter buildings and cities [8]. To create and distribute information, it relies on ongoing improvements in information and information communication technology (ICT). Recent technological advancements have resulted in advancements in mobile communications, always-on connectivity, faster communication speeds and less expensive sensors [8]. Not only has technology been more prevalent, but there has also been a greater integration of cyber systems and physical infrastructure [9], also known as the IoT. The increasing adoption of this technology, for example, has been fueled by falling costs and breakthroughs in communication networks [10; 11]. As a result, there are countless chances for information of the built environment to be extremely valuable [3]. BIM is an example of a built-environment information model that has emerged as a new stage in the expanded digitization of built-environment data in the expanded digitization of built-environment data in the architecture [12], engineering [13], construction [14] and facilities management (AECFM) business [4]. In this changing context, BIM can be utilized in a layered model to assist visualize and categorize the various elements, with a focus on how to best enable knowledge and ICT to enhance business services [15]. This entails the employment of a sensing layer, a mode of communication and capabilities for processing, storing and analyzing data [9]. The application, business, innovation and governance layers are provided on top of this. Sensor networks had previously focused mainly on providing communication infrastructure for cyber-physical systems (CPSs) [9]. As a result, the growing notion of digital twins provides CPSs with a new possible outcome in terms of monitoring, modeling, optimizing and predicting the status of built environment assets [16; 17]. Cybersecurity is a major worry for everyone who uses CPS or digital twins [3]. Cybersecurity is the function of securing access to devices and services as well as preventing unauthorized access to data stored on these devices, which drives CPS services [3]. Companies employed in the built environment must include cybersecurity into their policy, architecture and operations [18]. All sides are concerned about being willing to confront cybersecurity challenges in a positive way. Furthermore, to maximize the efficiency of the overall output value, cybersecurity plans should be properly linked with organizational and information technology (IT) strategies [19]. Within the build environment, especially in terms of smart cities and cyber-physical systems, it is becoming recognized that existing security approaches are not fit for purpose [9]. Future research goals in this area have been defined as a result [9]:  
1. Extend BIM specifications to satisfy IoT requirements. 2. Improve BIM standards so as to promote the provision of effective cybersecurity. 3. Ensure that effective support for cybersecurity and the IoT is incorporated into digital twin and future city standards. 4. Thoroughly combine cybersecurity concepts with the prevailing built environment data standards. In response to this, this paper will tackle the following two recommendations. To ensure that standards for future cities and digital twins can incorporate IoT and cybersecurity concerns, an access management framework in smart cities will be created. Furthermore, this work will be built as an ontology for it to be combined with present as well as future cybersecurity concepts. To achieve this, the current paper aims to elicit the requirements of the access by investigating the empirical literature and proposing recommendations regarding how access management should be adopted in the built environment.