## 1 Introduction  
Energy shortage is a growing problem today. Climate changes have already been observed, on the one hand, while the use of fossil fuels is becoming more and more limited due to the high energy consumption and Earth's increasing population. Global fossil fuel resources are not yet exhausted; however, their use's negative environmental and social impacts are apparent [1]. The Sun is the largest energy source that has powered and sustained life on Earth for more than 4.5 billion years. Solar energy is more than enough to meet all energy needs worldwide. It is assessed that over one year, the solar energy that arrives at the Earth's surface is 10,000 times greater than the energy necessary for the entire population's needs worldwide. On the other hand, solar energy is an ecologically clean energy whose energy technologies do not pollute the environment. Besides, it represents an energy resource available to every country without import dependence. Photovoltaic (PV) technology is one of the best ways to utilize solar energy and represents one of the most competitive renewable sources for electricity production. The use of PV systems is recently on the rise in many countries, and PV systems are beginning to occupy a significant place in energetics worldwide. Recently, many studies have been conducted on the techno-economic effectiveness of PV systems applications and their benefits in different climatic conditions. Thesestudies are carried out in different countries worldwide, where the climatic specificities of these countries are taken into account. On the other hand, over the last decades, many life cycle assessments (LCAs) of PV systems have been carried out. LCA is an important tool to provide a comprehensive analysis of PV systems compared to conventional energy systems, especially with regard to the greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions assessment [1; 2; 3; 4; 5; 6; 7]. In practice, deploying PV technologies is the comprehension of the performance exhibited by each of them once installed outdoors and functions in real climatic conditions. Such investigations are necessary because the outdoor PV electrical characteristics differ from the reference STC characteristics in manufacturer data sheets [8]. Many studies provide PV systems' performance analysis in different periods and locations worldwide. Such studies provide experimental data on the PV systems' operation in real conditions, which are necessary for developing PV software and PV energy modeling and predicting PV system operations, as can be seen in [3; 4; 9; 10; 11]. Considering that many PV systems have been installed worldwide, there are numerous analyses about the performances of installed PV systems under different climatic conditions. On the other hand, some of them provide a comparison of experimental and simulated results of PV system performance parameters. The comprehensive review of the analysis of performance ratio (PR) and final yield (Yf) for 3326 PV systems in Slovenia and a comparison with other countries' PV systems installed is given in. [12]. A comparative performance analysis of two grid-connected PV systems with p-Si and CIS solar cells and power of 1 kWp and 1.36 kWp, respectively, in Southern India is presented in [13], while the prediction of performances, energy losses, and degradation of a 200 kWp grid-integrated PV system using the PVsyst simulation tool in Northern India is given in [14]. An analysis of the long-term performance of 594 PV systems from the power of less than 1 kW to the power of more than 2 MW from different countries (Australia, Germany, Italy, USA, The Netherlands, France, and Belgium) id provided in [15]. This study includes datasets of final yield, PR, and degradation rate of PV systems with different PV technologies, operation years, and installation types.