# Dynamic Energy Management Strategy of a Solar-and-Energy Storage-Integrated Smart Charging Station
## 6 Conclusions  
This study focuses on the development of a solar-and-energy storage-integrated smart charging station located within densely populated urban areas, proposing an innovative energy management system (EMS). This EMS not only caters to the charging demands of EV owners and achieves power allocation for smooth load leveling but also leverages \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{|c|c|r|r|r|r|} \hline  & \multicolumn{3}{c|}{**July 2022**} & \multicolumn{3}{c|}{**January 2023**} \\  & \multicolumn{3}{c|}{**Summer**} & \multicolumn{3}{c|}{**Non-Summer**} \\ \hline \multicolumn{1}{|c|}{**Contract**} & \multicolumn{1}{c|}{**Electricity Sale**} & \multicolumn{1}{c|}{**PV**} & \multicolumn{1}{c|}{**EVCS**} & \multicolumn{1}{c|}{**Electricity Sale**} & \multicolumn{1}{c|}{**PV**} & \multicolumn{1}{c|}{**EVCS**} \\ \cline{2-7} \multirow{-1}{*}{Without} & \multicolumn{1}{c|}{Electricity Sale (kWh)} & - & 43,560.00 & Electricity Sale (kWh) & - & 43,560.00 \\ \cline{2-7}  & Price per kWh (\$) & - & 9.00 & Price per kWh (\$) & - & 9.00 \\ \cline{2-7}  & Revenue (\$) & - & 392,040.00 & Revenue (\$) & - & 392,040.00 \\ \cline{2-7}  & Net Income (\$) & - & 166,093.70 & Net Income (\$) & - & 181,111.10 \\ \cline{2-7}  & Net Income per kWh (\$) & - & 3.81 & Net Income per kWh (\$) & - & 4.16 \\ \cline{2-7}  & Total Net Income (\$) & & 166,093.70 & Total Net Income (\$) & & 181,111.10 \\ \hline \multirow{10}{*}{With EMS/} & Electricity Sale (kWh) & 34,789.52 & 43,560.00 & Electricity Sale (kWh) & 21,275.98 & 43,560.00 \\ \cline{2-7}  & Price per kWh (\$) & 3.90 & 9.00 & Price per kWh (\$) & 3.90 & 9.00 \\ \cline{2-7}  & Revenue (\$) & 135,679.11 & 392,040.00 & Revenue (\$) & 82,976.30 & 392,040.00 \\ \cline{2-7}  & Net Income (\$) & 17,394.76 & 183,029.65 & Net Income (\$) & 10,637.99 & 207,926.04 \\ \cline{2-7}  & Net Income per kWh (\$) & 0.50 & 4.20 & Net Income per kWh (\$) & 0.50 & 4.77 \\ \cline{2-7}  & Total Net Income (\$) & & 200,424.41 & Total Net Income (\$) & & 218,564.03 \\ \hline \multirow{10}{*}{With EMS/} & Electricity Sale (kWh) & 34,789.52 & 43,560.00 & Electricity Sale (kWh) & 21,275.98 & 43,560.00 \\ \cline{2-7}  & Price per kWh (\$) & 3.90 & 9.00 & Price per kWh (\$) & 3.90 & 9.00 \\ \cline{2-7}  & Revenue (\$) & 135,679.11 & 392,040.00 & Revenue (\$) & 82,976.30 & 392,040.00 \\ \cline{2-7}  & Net Income (\$) & 17,394.76 & 187,702.45 & Net Income (\$) & 10,637.99 & 211,351.44 \\ \cline{2-7}  & Net Income per kWh (\$) & 0.50 & 4.31 & Net Income per kWh (\$) & 0.50 & 4.85 \\ \cline{2-7}  & Total Net Income (\$) & & 205,097.21 & Total Net Income (\$) & & 221,989.43 \\ \hline \multirow{10}{*}{With EMS/} & Electricity Sale (kWh) & 34,758.95 & 43,560.00 & Electricity Sale (kWh) & 21,275.98 & 43,560.00 \\ \cline{2-7}  & Price per kWh (\$) & 3.90 & 9.00 & Price per kWh (\$) & 3.90 & 9.00 \\ \cline{1-1} \cline{2-7}  & Revenue (\$) & 135,559.89 & 392,040.00 & Revenue (\$) & 82,976.30 & 392,040.00 \\ \cline{1-1} \cline{2-7}
300 kW & Net Income (\$) & 17,379.47 & 192,430.82 & Net Income (\$) & 10,637.99 & 214,809.42 \\ \cline{1-1} \cline{2-7}  & Net Income per kWh (\$) & 0.50 & 4.42 & Net Income per kWh (\$) & 0.50 & 4.93 \\ \cline{1-1} \cline{2-7}  & Total Net Income (\$) & & 209,810.29 & Total Net Income (\$) & & 225,447.41 \\ \hline \multirow{10}{*}{With EMS/} & Electricity Sale (kWh) & 32,602.01 & 43,560.00 & Electricity Sale (kWh) & 21,261.59 & 43,560.00 \\ \cline{1-1} \cline{2-7}  & Price per kWh (\$) & 3.90 & 9.00 & Price per kWh (\$) & 3.90 & 9.00 \\ \cline{1-1} \cline{2-7}  & Revenue (\$) & 127,147.84 & 392,040.00 & Revenue (\$) & 82,920.19 & 392,040.00 \\ \cline{1-1} \cline{2-7}
250 kW & Net Income (\$) & 16,958.23 & 182,904.21 & Net Income (\$) & 10,630.79 & 216,502.53 \\ \cline{1-1} \cline{2-7}  & Net Income per kWh (\$) & 0.50 & 4.20 & Net Income per kWh (\$) & 0.50 & 4.97 \\ \cline{1-1} \cline{2-7}  & Total Net Income (\$) & & 199,862.44 & Total Net Income (\$) & & 227,133.33 \\ \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 4: EVCS total revenue and net operational income (Unit: TWD).