## 5 Conclusions  
For evaluating the effectiveness of regional ground grouting renovation projects, a comprehensive and improved subjective and objective weighting method based on the PC and CRITIC methods was proposed, selecting drilling fluid consumption, final grouting pressure, water permeability, and dry material per unit length as evaluation indicators. The evaluation system was constructed based on a single indicator framework, incorporating a comprehensive evaluation model that uses the Technique for Order Preference by Similarity  
Figure 7: Contour map of water influx revealed by downhole exploratory water discharge holes.  
to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) for ranking and the Rank Sum Ratio (RSR) for classification support. The results are as follows.  
1. In evaluating the effectiveness of comprehensive regional grouting projects for both roof and floor, key indicators such as drilling fluid consumption, final grouting pressure, water permeability, and dry material per unit length are selected. A combined subjective--objective weighting approach, integrating the PC method and CRITIC method, is proposed to overcome the limitations of purely subjective weighting, thereby enhancing the accuracy of weight distribution and evaluation results.
2. A combined TOPSIS-RSR evaluation model was established, utilizing the comprehensive ranking capabilities of TOPSIS alongside the auxiliary grading benefits of the RSR method. This approach retains TOPSIS's advantage of low data requirements while addressing its inability to provide grading, while also capitalizing on the simplicity and high accuracy of the RSR method, ensuring both precision and reasonableness in the evaluation.
3. For the grouting management project of the roof and floor of the 110504 working face in Banji Coal Mine, a comprehensive TOPSIS-RSR evaluation model, incorporating the precedence diagram and CRITIC methods, was developed. The model demonstrated a strong evaluation of the grouting effect, aligning well with the water influx distribution revealed by underground exploratory and drainage drilling, confirming its reliability. This model holds theoretical and scientific significance and offers valuable insights and references for grouting projects in other fields.
4. In future, the TOPSIS and RSR evaluation methods will undergo validation and refinement through case analysis of actual water hazard grouting prevention and control projects. We can select engineering cases involving different geological conditions, grouting materials, and construction methods for detailed monitoring and evaluation. This will involve analyzing the relationship between evaluation results and actual engineering effects, summarizing experiences and lessons, and continuously improving the evaluation methods. Simultaneously, successful cases will be promoted and applied to provide reference and inspiration for other projects.  
Conceptualization, S.T.; Methodology, X.F.; Validation, B.X.; Writing--original draft, B.X. and S.T. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript. This research was funded by Natural Science Foundation of China, grant numbers 42072190.  
Not applicable.  
The original contributions presented in the study are included in the article, further inquiries can be directed to the corresponding author.  
The authors declare no conflicts of interest.