## 1 Introduction
Although this model can provide in certain cases an acceptable behaviour for the sizing and design of control loops, the performance obtained in real systems, depending on the topology and operating conditions, can present large discrepancies when non-idealities of the converter components are neglected [17]. Among other applications, non-idealities related to transformer winding resistances are considered in the design of DC/DC converters for the implementation of MPPT algorithms in PV applications [18]. Similarly, non-idealities associated with the LC output filter are considered for the design and control of inverters for stand-alone PV applications [19]. Since the non-idealities associated with energy storage elements (coils or capacitors) are not included, these models are designed and have the same order and dynamic characteristics as the ideal model. Simplified and also reduced-order models are found for the design and control of photovoltaic generation systems [20,21], the design and control of electric vehicle power  
Figure 1: Ideal electrical circuit of the push–pull converter. train inverters [5] and the development of soft-switching techniques [22; 23], in which only the transformer leakage inductances are modelled. In turn, models integrating the non-idealities of power switching devices have been developed for the design and control of three-phase inverters [24]. More complex models, in which non-idealities related to transformer windings are also modelled, have been formulated for the control of fuel cell-based power supplies [25], as well as for the charge and discharge management of supercapacitor modules [7]. Finally, more complete and complex models that consider the full non-ideal transformer model and the effect of the output capacitance of power switching devices are used for the design and control of auxiliary power systems with HVDC buses for use in stand-alone applications [26], medium-power DC applications [27], as well as the design and control of fuel cell-based power systems [28]. The inclusion of the above non-idealities allows these models to better approximate the dynamic response of the real converter at the cost of increasing the order of the model. The order, complexity and accuracy of each model will depend a priori on the number of non-idealities considered, as well as the type of topology, power and operating frequency. From a review of the scientific literature, none of the reviewed works justifies the choice of the proposed model and therefore the choice of whether to include non-idealities based on their effect on its dynamic response. Therefore, given the lack of criteria, it cannot be affirmed that the model used in each work is the most appropriate. To overcome the deficiencies found in the scientific literature, where there are no works in which a complete analysis as the one proposed here is carried out, the research developed in this work allows obtaining the best equivalent control-oriented model that meets the right balance between simplicity and accuracy. For this purpose, this work presents a design methodology based on the results obtained from a very complete sensitivity analysis for the identification of the influence of the different non-idealities associated with real converters considering different topologies and operating conditions, starting from the complete non-ideal model of the converter previously developed by the authors in [17].