## 3 Results
### Characterization of Antibiotic Resistance  
The CTX-15 enzyme was found in 77.8% (21/27) strains; however, CTX-27 was recorded in 22.2% (6/27), and CTX-9 \(\beta\)-lactamase was less frequently presented, with only 3.7% (1/27) of the strains. The \(bla_{TEM-1}\) gene was identified in 74.1% (20/27) strains, while the \(bla_{SHV-1}\) gene was detected in 18.5% (5/27) strains (Table 1). The gene sets \(bla_{CMY-42}\)/ \(bla_{CTX-45}\)/\(bla_{SHV-1}\) and \(bla_{CMY-42}\)/\(bla_{TEM-1}\)/\(bla_{SHV-1}\) were identified as co-ESBL  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c} \hline \hline
**Strain** & \(\beta\)**-Lactam Resistance Phenotypes Detected * & **Non-\(\beta\)-Lactam Resistance Phenotypes Detected * \\ \hline EC 1 & CAZ, CTX, FEP & NAL, CIP, TET, FOS, SXT \\ EC 2 & AMC, CAZ, CTX, FEP & TOB, NAL, CIP, FOS, CHL, SXT \\ EC 3 & AMC, CTX, FEP & NAL, TET, FOS, CHL, SXT \\ EC 4 & AMC, CTX & NAL, CIP, TET, FOS, CHL, SXT \\ EC 5 & AMC, CTX, FEP & NAL, TET, MNO, FOS, CHL, SXT \\ EC 6 & AMC, CAZ, CTX, FEP & NAL, CIP, TET, MNO, FOS, CHL, SXT \\ EC 7 & AMC, CTX & NAL, CIP, FOS \\ EC 8 & AMC, CAZ, CTX, FOX & TOB, NAL, CIP, TET, MNO, FOS, CHL, SXT \\ EC 9 & AMC, CAZ, CTX, FEP & NAL, CIP, FOS, CHL, SXT \\ EC 11 & AMC, CAZ, CTX, FEP & GMN, TOB, NAL, CIP, TET, FOS, SXT \\ EC 12 & AMC, CAZ, CTX, FEP & NAL, FOS, SXT \\ EC 14 & AMC, CAZ, CTX, FEP & GMN, TOB, NET, NAL, CIP, TET, FOS, CHL, SXT \\ EC 15 & AMC, CTX, FEP & NAL, CIP, ROS, CHL, SXT \\ EC 16 & AMC, CAZ, CTX, FEP & GMN, TOB, NAL, CIP, TET, FOS, CHL, SXT \\ EC 17 & AMC, CTX, FEP & NAL, CIP, FOS, CHL, SXT, \\ EC 18 & CAZ, CTX, FEP & NAL, CIP, FOS, CHL, SXT \\ EC 19 & AMC, CTX, FEP & NAL, CIP, ROS \\ EC 20 & CTX, FEP & NAL, CIP, FOS, SXT \\ EC 21 & AMC, CAZ, CTX, FEP & NAL, CIP, TET, FOS, SXT \\ EC 22 & AMC, CTX & NAL, CIP, TET, FOS, CHL, SXT \\ EC 23 & AMC, CTX & NAL, CIP, FOS, CHL, SXT \\ EC 24 & AMC, CTX & TOB, NAL, CIP, FOS, CHL, SXT \\ EC 25 & AMC, CTX, FEP & TOB, NAL, CIP, FOS, SYT \\ EC 26 & AMC, CTX, FEP & NAL, CIP, FOS, CHL \\ EC 27 & AMC, CAZ, CTX, FEP & GMN, TOB, NAL, CIP, TET, FOS, CHL, SXT \\ EC 28 & AMC, CAZ, CTX, FEP & GMN, TOB, NAL, CIP, TET, FOS, CHL, SXT \\ EC 29 & AMC, CTX, FOX & NAL, CIP, ROS, CHL, SXT \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
* AMC: amoxicillin/clavuloxic acid (30 ug); CAZ: ceftazidime (10 ug); CTX: cefotaxime (30 ug); FOX: cefotaxime (30 ug); FEP: cefotaxime (30 ug); NAL: nalidixic acid (30 ug); CIP: ciprofloxacin (5 ug); SXT: sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim (25 ug); TET: tetracycline (30 ug); MON: minocycline (30 ug); GMN: gentamicin (10 ug); TOB: tobramycin (10 ug); NET: prelimin (10 ug); FOS: fosfomycin (50 ug); CHL: chloramphenicol (30 ug).  
\end{table}
Table 2: _E. coli_ strains characteristics and associated antibiotic resistances.  
producers. The \(bla_{CTX\text{-}M\text{-}15}/bla_{TEM\text{-}1}\) gene association was observed for 48.14% (13/27) of the strains, while the \(bla_{CTX\text{-}M\text{-}27}/bla_{TEM\text{-}1}\) was detected in 11.1% (3/27). Both the \(bla_{CTX\text{-}M\text{-}15}/bla_{SHV\text{-}1}\) genes were seen in 7.4% (2/27) of the strains. The association of \(bla_{CMV\text{-}42}/bla_{CTX\text{-}M\text{-}15}/bla_{SHV\text{-}1}\), \(bla_{CTX\text{-}M\text{-}15}/bla_{CTX\text{-}M\text{-}27}/bla_{TEM\text{-}1}\), \(bla_{CTX\text{-}M\text{-}3}/bla_{CTX\text{-}M\text{-}27}/bla_{TEM\text{-}1}\), \(bla_{CTX\text{-}M\text{-}15}/bla_{TEM\text{-}1}/bla_{SHV\text{-}1}\), and \(bla_{CMV\text{-}42}/bla_{TEM\text{-}1}/bla_{SHV\text{-}1}\) genes was reported in 3.7% for each set (1/27) (Table 3).