# Overcoming the Technological Barriers in the Blockchain Supply Chain for Small Carriers
## 5 Discussion and Further Work
In some cases, small carriers will be able to operate in both. On the other hand, companies will need to develop themselves on public platforms and adapt to exchanging data. Private platforms may be implemented more quickly than public ones because they can develop their own specific rules [62]. Additionally, hybrid networks may be used. That means, in the private network, they will be able to provide transport on the basis of the consortium's internal rules. In the case of a public network, they will in turn be able to offer their services to other companies as they will already be 'blockchain ready'. **Collaboration and Participation:** Successful implementation often requires collaboration among multiple stakeholders involved in the supply chain. All stakeholders must be willing to participate and share data on the blockchain network. **Security:** Although blockchain is considered a secure technology for processing and storing data due to its immutability and cryptographic verification, there may be attempts to test its vulnerabilities. [PERSON] et al. [63] discussed various scenarios from a security perspective. Organisations must implement appropriate measures to protect confidential information and comply with data protection regulations. From the perspective of small carriers, the data protection process must be secured by the blockchain ecosystem itself and through standardised appliances. The future research challenges will represent the modelling of blockchain security issue [64], potential risks and weak scenarios of blockchain usage. **Data and input certification standardisation:** Establish standardised data formats and protocols to ensure compatibility and interoperability across the supply chain network. Consistency in data formats enhances the efficiency of data sharing and processing. The primary challenge is to identify the system in which the technology can be presented to ensure its reliability [65]. **Cost:** Implementing blockchain technology can be expensive, especially for small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). Costs may include investment in technology, training, and ongoing maintenance. Additionally, there may be costs associated with data storage and transaction fees on the blockchain network. **Environmental impact:** Due to the nature of some platforms, including cryptocurrency mining, the current issue of sustainability and the 'environment's future is essential. Especially in this field in the supply chain, where some consortia place demands on the ecological aspect of the supply chain. Therefore, there is room for more sustainable forms of blockchain that potential users will consider [66]. **Incompatibility of blockchain platforms:** Several platforms currently have specific characteristics [67]. The problem is what will happen if different consortia have incompatible platforms. This will allow small carriers to offer multi-platform services. So there are many aspects that should be considered. When applying new technologies, the carrier explores these options from a number of perspectives. Especially when it comes to a carrier with a smaller fleet and a smaller budget to invest in change. However, for these types of transport, safety is a major concern, and the recovery of the costs associated with the creation of risks can often be higher than the cost of implementing a new system. In this case, the carrier is mainly analysing how the technology will improve safety, i.e., whether it is necessary to invest in innovation. It then mainly considers the cost of the upfront investment and whether the small carrier is able to make this investment. Furthermore, one of the main conditions is whether the technology is capable of storing data and whether the carrier can show it to third parties on request. If the carrier already decides to apply the system, it still considers the time required to implement the system and the time required to apply the system to individual transports.