###### Abstract
This study reveals the general mechanism of how driving factors such as hydrological regime changes, riparian material properties, and strong human activity interventions shape river migration, morphological transformation, and spatial differentiation of erosion and deposition, and provides a key theoretical reference and comparison benchmark for the analysis of evolution characteristics against the background of strong human intervention in arid areas. The study of the long-term evolution of large river systems in arid areas is also worthy of attention. For example, [PERSON] [17] systematized the geological background and long-term evolution of the Nile River. [PERSON] and [PERSON] [18] deeply analyzed the modern geological evolution of the Nile Delta and its significant impact on human activities, providing an important reference framework for understanding the geomorphological evolution and human disturbance response of large arid rivers. [PERSON] and [PERSON] [19] used multi-decade remote sensing images to reveal the change pattern of the plane shape of the confluence of the Niger River and the Benue River in West Africa. [PERSON] [20] combined rainfall and river flow data to study the trend of shoreline evolution in the Niger River delta over the last 100 years and demonstrated the mechanism of its response to hydrological changes in the basin. Focus has been placed on the Tarim River Basin in the arid region of Northwest China. For instance, [PERSON] [21] and [PERSON] [22] investigated the natural fluvial processes, morphological evolution, and driving factors of river desiccation in the Tarim River over the past three decades. Their findings reveal that human activities--specifically upstream irrigation expansion, intensified water consumption in the middle-upper reaches, and reservoir construction--have significantly altered natural riverine dynamics. These interventions have led to a decline in the structural complexity of the river network system and accelerated hydrological and ecological degradation characterized by progressive desiccation. [PERSON] [2] used multi-temporal remote sensing images and field survey data to reveal that in the extremely arid environment of the middle reaches of the Tarim River, strong lateral erosion, limited riparian root systems, and human water regulation jointly drive the high degree of avulsion and morphological transformation of non-cohesive meandering systems in arid areas. [PERSON] [23] employed an integrated approach combining historical literature, hydrological data, and remote sensing imagery to reveal the nonlinear response of arid-region fluvial geomorphology to anthropogenic disturbances. [PERSON] [24] analyzed multi-temporal remote sensing data and showed that after the water diversion project in the lower reaches of the Tarim River was implemented (1999-2004), the vegetation coverage increased significantly, and the area of desertification was reduced. The river section of Xinqiman-Kelelik mainstream is characterized by a winding and meandering course, with frequent changes in the river dynamics. The river often experiences meander cutoffs, posing significant threats to flood control and water diversion safety along both banks [25,26]. Therefore, based on Landsat satellite images and hydrological data from 1993 to 2024, this study extracted the characteristic river channel parameters such as thalweg length change, thalweg migration rate, section width evolution and shoreline erosion/accumulation area in the Xinqiman-Kelelik section, and revealed the evolution law of riverbed erosion and deposition in this section. It further elucidates the driving mechanisms of river morphological changes, considering both natural water-sediment variations and human activities, such as agricultural expansion, water diversion gate regulation, and the construction of hydraulic structures. Our findings offer a scientific basis for optimizing riparian project layouts, restoring sediment-transport balance, and managing thalweg shifts.