# Modeling the Energy Performance of LoRaWAN
## 3 LoRaWAN Overview  
In this section, we present fundamental LoRaWAN characteristics. We describe the protocol architecture as well as the physical and MAC layers, highlighting the mechanisms, procedures and key parameters that are relevant in the scope of this paper. This section is organized in three subsections. The first one provides a general LoRaWAN overview, whereas the remaining two subsections focus on physical and link layer functionality.  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{l l l l l l} \hline \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**Transceiver**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**Device Name**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Current Consumption**} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{\multirow{2}{*}{**References**}} \\ \cline{3-4} \cline{6-6}  & & **Sleep** & & **Transmit** & **Receive** \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{Semtech SN1272} & \multirow{4}{*}{LoRaWAN Multitech mDot (a) [29]} & 2 uA & 36 mA & 11 mA & [13] \\  & & 30.9 uA & 26-41 mA & 12 mA & [14] \\  & & 30.9 uA & - & - & - & [15] \\  & & 30.9 uA & Min.: 26 mA (2 dBm) & - & \\  & & 40 uA & Max.: 31 (41 mA (20 dBm) & - & \\ \hline Semtech SN1272 & NetIllocks XRange [30] & 70 uA & 109 mA (18.5 dBm) & 20 mA & [16] \\ \hline Microchip RN2483 & Microchip RN2483 LoRa Mote (b) [31] & - & 38.9 mA (14 dBm) & 14.2 mA & [17] \\  & & 3.4 mA & 47.5-47.9 mA (14.1 dBm) & 17.2 mA & [18] \\ \hline Microchip RN2483 & Custom 1 (d) & - & Min: 23.9 mA (2 dBm) & - & [12] \\  & & & Max: 38.5 mA (14 dBm) & - & \\ \hline Microchip RN2483 & Custom 2 & 34 mA & 14 dBm: 70 Ma & 46 mA & [19] \\ \hline Semtech SN1276 & Custom 3 & 0.17 mA & Min: 46 mA (0 dBm) & 14 mA & [20] \\  & & Max: 103 mA (14 dBm) & & \\ \hline Semtech SN1276 & LoRaBug [32] & 3.7 mA & 120.7 mA (20 dBm) (c) & 16.6 mA & [21] \\ \hline HopeRF HM-TRLR-LF/HPS & iLoad (custom) & 7.66 \(\mu\)A & 133.3 mA (20 dBm) (c) & 16.3 mA & [22] \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}
Table 1: Current consumption of LoRa/LoRaWAN nodes considered in the literature. When available, transmit power is shown between parentheses next to each corresponding current consumption value in transmit state. Notes: (a) The transmit power consumption setting is not detailed in these papers; we have included datasheet values. (b) A datasheet with power consumption details for this product appears not to be available. (c) The paper does not explicitly indicate the transmit power. We have deduced it based on the current consumption measured (see Table 2). (d) Data are derived from a figure related to power consumption.  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{l l l l} \hline \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**Transceiver**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Current Consumption**} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{\multirow{2}{*}{**Receive**}} \\ \cline{2-3} \cline{5-5}  & **Sleep** & & **Transmit** & **Receive** \\ \hline Semtech SN1272 [33] & 0.1 uA (max. 1 uA) & Min: 18 mA (7 dBm) & 10.5 or 11.2 mA \\  & & Max: 125 mA (20 dBm) & 10.8, 11.5 or 12.0 mA \\ \hline Semtech SN1276 [34] & 0.2 uA (max. 1 uA) & Min: 20 mA (20 dBm) & 10.8, 11.5 or 12.0 mA \\  & & Max: 120 mA (20 dBm) & 16 mA (min. 15 mA, max. 18 mA) \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{HoppeRF HM-TRLR-LF/HPS [35]} & 2 uA (min. 12.2 uA, max. 3 uA) & Min: 35 mA (13 dBm) & 16 mA (min. 15 mA, max. 18 mA) \\  & & Max: 120 mA (20 dBm) & 16 mA (min. 15 mA, max. 18 mA) \\ \hline Microchip RN2483 [36;37] & Up to 100-150 uA & Min: 17.3 mA (-4.0 dBm) & 14.2 mA \\  & & Max: 38.9 mA (14.1 dBm) & \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}
Table 2: Main current consumption details on LoRa/LoRaWAN transceivers used by devices in Table 1.