## 2 Research Background and Related Work
### Theoretical Background and Hypotheses Development  
Underpinning Theory  
The dominant variance for the theoretical argument of this research is derived from protection motivation theory, which serves to relate the reality of security threats to organizational end-users that convey actions in achieving the overall system security. Protection Motivation Theory (PMT) makes sense of the health evasion behavior that is connected with the impression of dangers and self-viability ability to make a successful move to reduce risk [61]. The assumption of the theoretical framework from the Protection Motivation Theory is to expand the proposed framework of cyberattack prevention. This is inevitably an indication of encouraging a healthy, safe and secure workplace environment. The Protection Motivation Theory explains a singular affinity to take part in willful secure behaviors [62], as expressed in Figure 1.  
Based on Figure 1, the Protection Motivation Theory embodies five (5) appraisals underpinning those impacts: (1) perceived severity of the severe consequences that influence the likelihood of engaging in a potential cyberattack behavior, (2) perceived vulnerability can communicate the degree of cyberattack risk for a specific hazard if a current cyberattack behavior is continued, (3) self-efficacy estimate of the cyberattack threat behavior that complies with recommendations to detach the warning, (4) response efficacy reliance in the ability to implement the recommended coping cyber-attack behavior, and (5) response costs associated with carrying out the preventive coping response by completing the cyberattack behavior [61; 63]. Derived from the literature review, the study has embraced these five (5) appraisals, as specified in Table 2.  
The protection motivation theory will be a new approach to delivering cybersecurity awareness in the banking sector. Protection motivation theory is also one of the most interesting speculation theories that have been accentuated in the cybersecurity awareness setting. However, the theory demonstrates only two (2) measures while conveying a choice under threat, which are (1) threat appraisal that guarantees that security guidelines are reasonable and seen for the organizational climate and (2) coping appraisal that guarantees threat data are joined by useful data in deferring it, which is appropriate for this research setting in a banking climate. Consequently, embracing the Protection Motivation Theory for this research will demonstrate the serious threat that is likely to occur in a banking institution and can effectively reduce the danger through drawing in the anticipation conduct, which cautions the cyberattacks difficulty. Considerably, this research aimed to introduce and examine new additional cyberattack preventive measures that are highly relevant to financial and big banking and business organizations. The new proposed preventive measure variables were extracted from related studies and will be presented in the next \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c} \hline \hline
**Appraisals** & **Specify** & **Definition** & **References** \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{Perceived severity} & \multirow{2}{*}{Threat appraisal} & An organization’s perception of the seriousness of a cyber-attack is left untreated. & [61; 64; 65] \\ \cline{3-4}  & & An organization’s perception of risk contracting in a cyber-attack condition. & [61; 66; 67] \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{Self-efficacy} & \multirow{2}{*}{Coping appraisal} & Confidence to continue the cybersecurity behavior and overcome temptations. & [61; 68; 69] \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{Response efficacy} & \multirow{2}{*}{Coping appraisal} & The perceived effectiveness of taking action to improve cybersecurity. & [61; 70; 71] \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{Response costs} & \multirow{2}{*}{The perceived impediments to taking action to improve cybersecurity conditions.} & [61; 72] \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 2: The protection motivation theory appraisals.