## 3 Results
### Effect of JA Elicitation on Antimicrobial Activities of Basil Essential Oils  
The antimicrobial activity of the basil essential oils was evaluated against one Gram-positive (_Staphylococcus aureus_) and one Gram-negative (_Escherichia coli_) bacterial species-Table 3. These activities were expressed as inhibition of bacterial growth (inhibition zone). Additionally, the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and the minimum bactericidal concentrations (MBC) were determined. All the essential oils (from the control and JA-elicited basil) exhibited antibacterial properties against the tested microorganisms. As shown by the results of the agar disk-diffusion method, the JA1 and JA2 samples exhibited the highest antimicrobial activity against _Escherichia coli_, while the essential oil from the JA1-elicited basil had the strongest antimicrobial activity against _Staphylococcus aureus_ as well. The MIC  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c} \hline \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**Sample**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**IC\({}_{50}\) [\(\mu\)L mL\({}^{-1}\)]**} \\ \cline{2-3}  & **Acetylcholinesteraseerase Inhibition** & **Lipase Inhibition** \\ \hline C & 38.31 \(\pm\) 3.30 \({}^{\text{c}}\) & 0.35 \(\pm\) 0.05 \({}^{\text{c}}\) \\ \hline JA1 & 27.15 \(\pm\) 1.33 \({}^{\text{b}}\) & 0.24 \(\pm\) 0.028 \({}^{\text{b,c}}\) \\ \hline JA2 & 16.89 \(\pm\) 1.08 \({}^{\text{a}}\) & 0.09 \(\pm\) 0.006 \({}^{\text{a}}\) \\ \hline JA3 & 27.42 \(\pm\) 0.24 \({}^{\text{b}}\) & 0.13 \(\pm\) 0.013 \({}^{\text{a,b}}\) \\ \hline Synthetic positive control & Galantamine & Orlistat \\  & [6.62 \(\mu\)g/mL] & [12.38 \(\mu\)g/mL] \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular} Abbreviations: C, control; JA1, 0.01 \(\mu\)M jasmonic acid; JA2, 1 \(\mu\)M jasmonic acid; JA3, 100 \(\mu\)M jasmonic acid; Mean \(\pm\) standard deviation. Statistically significant differences (\(p<0.05\)) are indicated by various letters in columns (\({}^{\text{a,b}}\)).  
\end{table}
Table 1: Effect of jasmonic acid elicitation on acetylcholinesterasecholinesteraseerase and lipase inhibitory activity of essential oil from basil.  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c} \hline \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**Sample**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**IC\({}_{50}\) (\(\mu\)L mL\({}^{-1}\))**} \\ \cline{2-3}  & \(\alpha\)**-Amylase Inhibition** & **\(\alpha\)-Glucosidase Inhibition** \\ \hline C & 13.34 \(\pm\) 0.05 \({}^{\text{b}}\) & 0.68 \(\pm\) 0.03 \({}^{\text{a}}\) \\ \hline JA1 & 1.32 \(\pm\) 0.28 \({}^{\text{a}}\) & 0.73 \(\pm\) 0.03 \({}^{\text{a}}\) \\ \hline JA2 & 1.72 \(\pm\) 0.19 \({}^{\text{a}}\) & 0.66 \(\pm\) 0.02 \({}^{\text{a}}\) \\ \hline JA3 & 1.52 \(\pm\) 0.08 \({}^{\text{a}}\) & 0.81 \(\pm\) 0.04 \({}^{\text{b}}\) \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\begin{tabular}{c c c} \hline \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**Sample**} & Acarbose \\  & [0.258 mg/mL] & [0.28 mg/mL] \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}
Table 2: Effect of jasmonic acid elicitation on \(\alpha\)-amylase and \(\alpha\)-glucosidase inhibitory activity of essential oil from basil.  
and MBC values did not exactly confirm the results of the inhibition zone test, because the EO from the JA3-elicited plants had the lowest MBC for both tested microorganisms (0.625 and 0.312 mL mL-1 for _E. coli_ and _S. aureus_, respectively)-Table 3. Additionally, the JA3 sample exhibited the highest effectiveness measured as MIC (0.156 mL mL-1) against _S. aureus_. It should also be noted that the JA3 sample had a lower MIC value (0.312 mL mL-1) against _E. coli_, compared to the control (0.625 mL mL-1).