# Evolution of V2X Communication and Integration of Blockchain for Security Enhancements
## 6 Blockchain Potential in V2X Networks
### Integrating Blockchain with Mec and 5G Technology in V2X Networks
#### 6.3.3 Integration of Blockchain with 5G-Based Edge Computing in V2X  
Because of time-varying channels in V2X, dynamic network traffic strict requirements of various new and emerging technologies that cannot attain their full potential individually. Accordingly, all of the above technologies should be integrated and interact with each other to meet the essential demands and critical requirements of the next-generation vehicular networks. The blockchain enhances the V2X based on 5G and edge computing like MEC. To integrate the MEC and 5G in vehicular networks, several RSUs or 5G RANs can be configured with MEC computing and storage server units. The convergence of these technologies along with the implication of smart city will bring a massive connectivity of vehicles and IoT devices. This will result in a data traffic explosion due to data generate by diverse applications, in order to meet the heterogeneous demands of IoT devices. While using 5G-based edge computing networks, several attack vectors disrupt the MEC services by attacking the edge nodes of the vehicular networks [87]. The main issue with the convergence is to deal with security vulnerabilities from diverse technological fields and provide efficient and lightweight security and privacy schemes. Thus, blockchain promises to deliver a new set of innovative solutions for 5G-based MEC networks and services in order to improve security, privacy, and decentralization. In particular, 5G-based edge network utilizing blockchain can provide services in three major areas, such as networking, processing, and edge computing. There is no doubt that the convergence of these technologies will bring better security features for the next-generation V2X networks. We focus on four main aspects, including blockchain as security enhancements, task offloading, edge computing, and system performance improvements. A comparative study of blockchain in advanced V2X communications along with 5G-based edge-computing networks is given in Table 8. The authors in [3] studied the security, privacy, and trust issues combined with blockchain in SDN-enabled 5G-VANET. The authors designed trust management system by integrating vehicular networking with the clouds where the real-time video reports, and road condition messages are transmitted to the semi-centralized cloud. The trust management system is combined with the blockchain and utilizes the 5G networks for uploading real-time cloud-assisted video reports to avoid the fake messages. The blockchain is based on combined PoW and PoS consensus mechanism and managed via a peer-to-peer network established by vehicular systems, including OBUs, RSUs, and gNBs. Their simulation results showed that the detection accuracy is decreased as the number of malicious nodes are increased. This can be improved by using MEC based on 5G networks and blockchain in V2X, as proposed by the authors in [88]. We will further elaborate the concept of [88], because this is the only article, to the best of our knowledge, which utilized 5G-based MEC computing and blockchain along with Artificial Intelligence (AI) in V2X networks. The authors in [88] proposed a novel secure and intelligent architecture for 5G and beyond networks by integrating Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) and blockchain into wireless and vehicular networks to enable a flexible and secure resource management, networks orchestration, and enhanced content caching scheme. Their architecture contains three layers viz. user layer, edge layer, and cloud layer. The vehicles use heterogeneous networks that are based on cellular V2X to enhance communication speed, and to provide seamless connection and reliable coverage for autonomous driving. The resource-limited vehicles can offload tasks using the edge or cloud layer that acts as a content caching provider. Blockchain is used on RSUs for providing security and privacy to the critical information shared between vehicles because V2X are operated in trustless environment.