## 3 Results
#### 3.4.2 ICRP 60 and ICRP 103 Occupational Effective Dose Estimation Algorithm  
The ICRP 60 and ICRP 103 occupational effective dose estimates (double dosimetry method) are presented in Table 3, indicating that occupational effective doses during the \({}^{99\text{m}}\)Tc-MDP bone scintigraphy procedure remain consistently low across most procedural steps. For stages such as labeling, quality control, and patient discharge, the occupational effective doses are nearly identical between the two ICRP models, with an ICRP 60 value of 0.01 eVSv and an ICRP 103 value of 0.01 eVSv. These minor differences reflect the updated tissue weighting factors in ICRP 103, which generally leads to slightly higher dose estimates. However, the imaging step results in a slightly higher effective dose, reaching 0.02 eVSv (ICRP 60) and 0.02 eVSv (ICRP 103). This is likely because staff are closer to patients and are exposed to radiation for a longer time during the imaging process. Despite the observed increase in occupational effective dose during the imaging step, the overall dose remains well within acceptable occupational exposure limits, confirming that the current radiation protection protocols effectively mitigate personnel exposure. Both ICRP 60 and ICRP 103 provide robust frameworks for dose estimation, with ICRP 103 typically yielding marginally higher values due to its revised tissue weighting factors. Of note, these findings indicate that occupational exposure to radiation during \({}^{99\text{m}}\)Tc-MDP bone scintigraphy is minimal, with the imaging step posing the most significant risk. However, the dose remains safely within regulatory limits due to the implementation of effective radiation safety measures. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c} \hline \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**Step**} & \multicolumn{3}{c}{**Actual Measurement**} & \multirow{2}{*}{\begin{tabular}{c} **[PERSON] et al. [24; 25]** \\ **(\#Sv)** \\ \end{tabular} } \\  & \begin{tabular}{c} **Hp(0.07)** \\ **(\#Sv)** \\ \end{tabular} & \
\begin{tabular}{c} **Hp(10)** \\ **(\#Sv)** \\ \end{tabular} &
\begin{tabular}{c} **Estimated Effective Dose (\#Sv)** \\ \end{tabular} * \\ \hline Labeling & 21.40 \(\pm\) 0.16 \(\times\) 10\({}^{-3}\) & 22.91 \(\pm\) 0.34 \(\times\) 10\({}^{-3}\) & 22.81 \(\pm\) 1.43 \(\times\) 10\({}^{-3}\) \\ Quality control & 20.51 \(\pm\) 0.27 \(\times\) 10\({}^{-3}\) & 21.13 \(\pm\) 0.22 \(\times\) 10\({}^{-3}\) & 21.06 \(\pm\) 0.69 \(\times\) 10\({}^{-3}\) \\ Syringe preparation & 23.43 \(\pm\) 1.21 \(\times\) 10\({}^{-3}\) & 24.42 \(\pm\) 1.74 \(\times\) 10\({}^{-3}\) & 24.34 \(\pm\) 0.89 \(\times\) 10\({}^{-3}\) \\ Patient administration & 24.72 \(\pm\) 0.33 \(\times\) 10\({}^{-3}\) & 24.94 \(\pm\) 0.42 \(\times\) 10\({}^{-3}\) & 24.89 \(\pm\) 0.96 \(\times\) 10\({}^{-3}\) \\ Imaging & 34.31 \(\pm\) 4.28 \(\times\) 10\({}^{-3}\) & 34.73 \(\pm\) 1.22 \(\times\) 10\({}^{-3}\) & 34.68 \(\pm\) 4.70 \(\times\) 10\({}^{-3}\) \\ Patient discharge & 23.16 \(\pm\) 0.14 \(\times\) 10\({}^{-3}\) & 23.36 \(\pm\) 0.31 \(\times\) 10\({}^{-3}\) & 23.29 \(\pm\) 1.36 \(\times\) 10\({}^{-3}\) \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}  
* In cases where two dosimeters are employed without a thyroid shield, the effective dose (\(E\)) is determined by the equation: \(E=0.06(H_{es}-H_{u})+H_{u}\)  
\end{table} 
Table 2: [PERSON] et al. estimated occupational effective dose for staff during different steps of \({}^{99\text{m}}\)Tc-MDP bone scintigraphy procedure. 4.3. National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements (NCRP) Occupational Effective Dose Estimation Algorithm  
The NCRP effective dose estimates (double dosimetry method) are shown in Figure 7. As can be seen, the NCRP algorithm estimated values at all stages are substantially different from the actual occupational effective doses recorded and marked as statistically significantly different at \(p<0.05\) (except patient discharge). The algorithm's estimated effective dose during patient \({}^{99m}\)Tc-MDP intravenous administration is 43% lower than the actual Hp(10) measurement.