## 1 Introduction  
Corner joints and edge bandings play a key role in the overall quality of furniture made from particleboards, especially in improving the strength, aesthetics, protection, and structural integrity of the furniture. The choice of joint type, materials, and construction techniques can significantly influence the overall appearance and design of the furniture. Therefore, paying attention to the strength and aesthetics of corner joints and edge bands is essential for creating high-quality, visually pleasing furniture. They are the primary connection points between different components, such as panels and frames, and are responsible for providing rigidity and structural integrity to the furniture. The quality and design of corner joints directly affect the durability and longevity of furniture. Strong and well-designed corner joints ensure that furniture can withstand various forces and loads without failure or deformation. In addition, corner joints contribute to the aesthetics of furniture by providing seamless and visually appealing connections between different elements. Edge banding plays a crucial role in influencing the strength of corner joints in the furniture. [PERSON] [1] highlighted that edge banding affects the bending strength of the end-corner joints in particleboard furniture. [PERSON] and [PERSON] [2] emphasized that the stiffness of corner joints in furniture is influenced by edge banding, as discussed in research on case furniture. Factors such as the type, thickness, and material of edge banding, as well as the gluing parameters, angularity of boards, and panel properties, all contribute to determining the overall quality of joints in furniture. The choice of edge banding materials, such as polyvinyl chloride (PVC), melamine, or wood veneers, can affect the overall look and feel of furniture [3]. It is used to cover the exposed sides of wood materials such as plywood, particleboard, and medium-density fiber-board (MDF), giving the appearance of a solid or more valuable material [4]. [PERSON] and [PERSON] [5] highlight the importance of edge banding materials and their thickness in improving the quality of furniture. [PERSON] et al. [4] identified potential factors leading to edge banding cracking in panel furniture, emphasizing the need for proper wood moisture content and adhesives. Different edge banding materials have varying levels of resistance to impacts, scratches, and abrasion, providing protection to the furniture surface. Edge banding helps to suppress the absorption of water and humidity, preventing damage to furniture [5; 6], which is especially pronounced when using laser technology [7]. For some materials, such as particleboard, which has a lower resistance to delamination, the presence of some edge material certainly increases this resistance, but also increases the resistance of the edge to impact, preventing damage to the edge when assembling/disassembling furniture. Even so, if the strength of edge banding (edge material and its bonding to the base material) is sufficiently high, it can also be expected to strengthen the joints and corners of the furniture, improving its structural integrity. Overall, edge banding not only enhances the visual appeal of furniture but also ensures its durability and longevity. Studies have specifically examined the effects of adhesives, wood species, and modifications on the withdrawal strength and durability of dowels and their interactions with wood composite materials [8; 9; 10; 11; 12; 13]. Research includes the impact of dowel materials, diameter, and direction of withdrawal strength, particularly the withdrawal strength from the faces and edges of materials, such as MDF and particleboard, highlighting the influence of material properties and manufacturing processes. The polyurethane adhesive (PUR-D4) demonstrated a higher embedded strength than polyvinyl acetate (PVAC-D4), with PUR-D4 expanding to fill gaps and enhance mechanical adhesion [12; 13].