# Study on the Ground Pressure Manifestation Patterns of Roof Cutting and Pressure Relief
## 1 Introduction  
With the increasing demand for coal resources, and the gradual deepening of coal mining depths, traditional mining methods are facing several challenges, including resource wastage, tight mining face succession, and the need for improved roadway safety performance. Gob-side entry retaining (GER) technology enables pillarless mining, providing significant improvements in coal recovery rates, alleviating succession pressure, and reducing roadway excavation volumes. However, GER technology remains constrained by complex strata pressure, roof-floor collapse, floor heave, and rib spalling during the entry retaining process. In summary, conducting further research on strata behavior laws and surrounding rock control for GER technology has become an emerging trend. Many scholars have conducted in-depth studies on strata behavior laws in roof-cutting pressure relief working faces and achieved a series of important research outcomes [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]. [PERSON] et al. [6, 7] proposed a directional roof-cutting coordinated pressure relief control method, revealing its mechanism of roadway stabilization through reducing working facestress, surrounding rock stress, and roof-floor deformation. [PERSON] et al. [8; 9; 10] developed a presplit blasting roof-cutting pressure relief method for adjacent roadways based on the short cantilever beam theory; through intercepting advanced mining stress transmission paths, it achieved surrounding rock stress environment regulation, reducing hydraulic support resistance peaks by 24.9% and decreasing roadway roof-floor and rib deformations by 34.9-50.1%. [PERSON] et al. [11; 12] introduced a dense pressure relief hole roof weakening coordinated control method, and engineering tests demonstrated its capability to replace conventional blasting techniques, achieving safe and efficient pressure relief for roadway protection, thereby establishing a \"mechanical regulation-pressure relief roadway protection\"-coordinated technical system. [PERSON] et al. [13] established a deep/shallow hole coordinated presplit blasting parameter system; through advanced slot cutting, grouting reinforcement, and flexible gangue blocking, they achieved coordinated surrounding rock control. Field measurements showed fracture development rates of 85%/90% for deep/shallow holes, respectively, with roof subsidence reduced by 46.3%, forming a \"directional slotting-structure reconstruction-active roadway protection\" hard roof control system that breaks through conventional strong support concepts. [PERSON] et al. [14; 15] investigated soundless cracking demolition agent (SCDA) chemical expansion rock-breaking technology; through borehole optimization and uniaxial auxiliary loading experiments, they revealed that increasing the borehole diameter reduces the hard rock fracture time to 7 h, with an optimal diameter-spacing ratio of 12.8-14.6, establishing a \"chemical-mechanical\" coordinated rock-breaking system that provides green mining solutions without detonation and with low vibration. [PERSON] et al. [16; 17; 18] innovatively developed an underground gangue in situ backfilling and coal gangue quality-controlled coordinated mining process, reducing raw coal ash content to 15.2% while increasing the energy equivalent by 7.4% (9.6 TJ); they created a coal quality-energy dynamic prediction algorithm, breaking through traditional process limitations in energy efficiency/coal quality coordinated optimization. [PERSON] et al. [19; 20; 21; 22; 23; 24] conducted theoretical calculations and numerical simulations based on deep-hole blasting roof-cutting pressure relief principles and technologies; the results showed significant reduction in the surrounding rock deformation of retained roadways after roof cutting, verifying the effectiveness of advanced deep-hole presplit blasting technology in improving the surrounding rock deformation of gob-side entry retaining in thick coal seams with soft floors. [PERSON] et al.