# CERP: Cooperative and Efficient Routing Protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks
## 3 Related Works
This resulted in the authors demonstrating a rise in node energy usage, complexity, and expense compared to RPL. In addition, several publications investigated the RPL's strengths and weaknesses, then provided suggestions for how it may be improved in the future so that it more closely mimics the actual world in [29]. In reality, we examine how well the contikiRPL implementation works in various network configurations. However, there are still many facets of RPL-enabled WSNs, such as signaling overhead, latency, and so on, that may be improved by more research and experimentation. The authors in [30] assessed RPL's performance across three parameters, namely network density, throughput, and sink localization. More precisely, three essential metrics are considered: Expected transmission count (ETX), hop count (HC), and energy. The evaluation results demonstrate that the parameters are influenced by the number of nodes in all scenarios. Notably, the ETX metric consistently exhibits a strong performance in terms of packet delivery ratio (PDR), while the energy metric consistently records the highest energy consumption among all the tested scenarios. To address the challenge of reliability in RPL, the authors in [31] proposed RAARPL: reliability-aware adaptive RPL routing protocol. RAARPL enhances the RPL reliability by selecting parents based on multiple reliability-related criteria and considering path conditions during the decision-making process. This ensures network stability by controlling the parent selection and children assignment to minimize errors. Simulation results, compared to CLRPL and RPL protocols in various scenarios using Cooja, demonstrate the significant efficiency of RAARPL in improving data exchange reliability, successful delivery ratios, reducing topology instability, and enhancing network throughput. Furthermore, some work addressed the security aspect of the RPL protocol [32; 33; 34; 35]. In [36], the authors focused on the detection and mitigation of rank attacks within RPL. They proposed a rank attacks detection algorithm that minimizes the control packet overhead by appending extra fields in DAO and DIO messages and introduces a local alarm mechanism for energy conservation in cases of minor attack impact, alongside employing random sampling for efficient internal attacker identification. The authors in [37] introduced a novel RPL attack named dropped destination advertisement object (DDAO). The DDAO attack disrupts network connectivity by preventing the formation of downward routes, affecting a significant portion of the network. To counter this threat, the paper proposes an efficient, lightweight intrusion detection system that efficiently detects DDAO attacks through distributed monitoring of parent node behavior with respect to forwarded destination advertisement object (DAO) messages. In summary, much effort must be put into studying, evaluating, and improving the RPL mechanism's performances to increase its dependability and efficiency. With this in mind, we suggest a more robust version of RPL incorporating cooperative diversity into its routing mechanism to boost reliability and efficiency.