## 3 Results and Discussion
### Chemical Composition of Yarrow Essential Oils
#### 3.1.2 Comparison of Yarrow Essential Oils of Different Origins
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c l c c c c} \hline \hline  & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**AMO Peak\%**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**AMO Peak\%**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Compound 1**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**No.**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Compound 1**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Coak\%**} \\
**No.** & **Compound 1** & **(Bulgarian Market)** & **No.** & **Compound 1** & **(Bulgarian Market)** \\ \hline
1. & thujene & 1.08 & 24. & D-carvone & 0.60 \\
2. & alphapinene & 4.47 & 25. & **pipertone** & **5.85** \\
3. & camphene & 0.60 & 26. & sabini acetate trans & 0.32 \\
4. & **sabinene** & **8.31** & 27. & borny acetate & 2.68 \\
5. & **betapinene** & **8.59** & 28. & thymol & 1.31 \\
6. & beta myrcene & 0.41 & 29. & disophenol & 0.40 \\
7. & alpha terpinene & 0.47 & 30. & carvacrol & 1.41 \\
8. & p cynpene & 1.55 & 31. & piperitone & 0.52 \\
9. & D limonene & 2.14 & 32. & 4-Acetyl-1- & 1.86 \\
10. & **eucalypt** & **5.09** & 33. & beta boubornene & 0.76 \\
11. & gamma terpinene & 2.18 & 34. & beta elemene & 0.54 \\
12. & artemisinin keton & 1.93 & 35. & **caryophyllene** & **7.74** \\
13. & terpinolene & 0.32 & 36. & humulene & 1.57 \\
14. & **linalool** & **6.78** & 37. & beta farnesene & 1.07 \\
15. & alpha thujone & 2.84 & 38. & gamma muurolene & 0.28 \\
16. & beta thujone & 0.46 & 39. & **germacrene D** & **6.10** \\
17. & **2-bornanone** & **7.84** & 40. & trans alpha & 0.63 \\
18. & 1-mentbone & 0.27 & 41. & cis-\(\gamma\)-Bisabolene & 0.38 \\
19. & endo borneol & 1.77 & 42. & cadinene & 0.79 \\
20. & terpinen 4-ol & 1.66 & 43. & cyanophyllene oxide & 1.09 \\
21. & alpha terpineol & 0.42 & 44. & bisabolon oxide A & 0.20 \\
22. & cis dihydrocarvone & 0.56 & 45. & **chamazulene** & 3.80 \\
23. & pulgeone & 0.30 & & **Total identified** & **99.94\%** \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular} \({}^{\dagger}\) In order of retention time.  
\end{table} 
Table 2: Components of yarrow essential oil commercial sample purchased from Bulgarian market. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c l c} \hline \hline \multicolumn{1}{c}{**No.**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Compound 1**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**AMO Peak\%**} \\
**No.** & **Compound 1** & **(Bulgarian Market)** \\ \hline
1. & thujene & 0.08 \\
2. & **alpha pinene** & **17.93** \\
3. & camphene & 0.36 \\
4. & sabinene & 2.82 \\
5. & beta-pinene & 2.76 \\
6. & beta myrcene & 1.47 \\
7. & p-cymene & 0.15 \\
8. & limonene & 3.34 \\
9. & **1.8 cineolle** & **7.37** \\
10. & gamma terpinene & 0.07 \\
11. & **fenchone** & **27.22** \\
12. & linalool & 2.57 \\
13. & alpha thujone & 2.99 \\
14. & beta-thujone & 0.42 \\
15. & terpinen-4-ol & 0.12 \\
16. & geranol & 2.29 \\
17. & Beta boubornene & 0.06 \\
18. & beta farnesene & 4.48 \\
19. & germacene D & 0.39 \\
20. & gamma elemene & 0.23 \\
21. & gamma caldiene & 0.10 \\
22. & delta caldiene & 0.11 \\
23. & spathuenol & 0.25 \\
24. & tau acidol & 0.30 \\
25. & bisaboloid oxide B & 2.26 \\
26. & bisabolon oxide A; & 2.43 \\
27. & chamazulene & 0.46 \\
28. & **estragole** & **15.36** \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular} \({}^{\dagger}\) In order of retention time.  
\end{table} 
Table 3: Components of yarrow essential oil commercial sample purchased from Romanian market. In the case of yarrow essential oil purchased from the Romanian market, fenchone, alpha-pinene, estragole, and 1,8-cineole were the four major components. Chamazulen was detected in only 0.46%. The chamazulene content of essential oils analyzed was in good correlation with their observed colors (Figure 3). The table below (Table 4) summarizes data from the literature on the composition of yarrow essential oil, highlighting the five most abundant components identified. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c c c} \hline
**Country/ Region** & \multicolumn{3}{c}{**The Five Most Abundant Components Identified in Yarrow Essential Oil**} & **Yield** & **Authors** & **Refs. ** \\ \hline Romania (western part) & chamazulene (38.89\%) & germacarleene D (12.90\%) & \(\beta\)-caryophyllene (11.52\%) & (10.66\%) & n.d.* & 0.47\% & [PERSON] et al.