# Smart Healthcare Network Management: A Comprehensive Review
## 2 Literature Review
### IoT Network Management Protocols  
The Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) is the standard management protocol for traditional TCP/IP networks. However, several issues make SNMP ineffective for IoT. Firstly, the communication overhead associated with SNMP is significant for low-bandwidth and low-power wireless IoT links. Secondly, SNMP follows a centralized management approach where the management station pulls the managed nodes at specified intervals. Thirdly, Management Agent and Management Information Base (MIB) object variables should be configured at each sensor node, which often has limited storage. Finally, SNMP may not adequately handle sensor-specific failures, which is common in IoT [53]. [PERSON] et al. [54] conducted a review of IoT network management and highlighted that, despite extensive research on various aspects of sensor networks, the management of sensor devices remains largely unexplored. To bridge this gap, a lightweight web service grounded in REST (Representational State Transfer) principles was introduced to streamline wireless sensor device management. Leveraging IPv6-based open standards, the service enables access to resource-restricted wireless networks. Specifically, it incorporates essential IETF protocols intended for such environments, including IPv6 over Low-Power Wireless Personal Area Networks (6 LoWPANs), the Routing Protocol for Low-Power and Lossy Networks (RPL), and the Constrained Application Protocol (CoAP). A CoAP-driven device management method further simplifies the administration and accessibility of IPv6-capable sensor devices. Given that end-to-end connectivity in IoT environments involves multiple networks with varying performance and connectivity requirements, sectional monitoring is suggested as a more effective management strategy [55]. Furthermore, a layered fault management scheme is recommended for end-to-end transmission to accommodate the heterogeneous nature of IoT networks. [PERSON] et al. [56] examined the feasibility of deploying SNMP (Simple Network Management Protocol) in IoT environments and found it to be highly challenging, despite its established usefulness as an Internet management protocol. By leveraging the CoAP protocol, they explored techniques that enable SNMP-based tools and applications to coexist and interact with CoAP-enabled endpoints. While SNMP has the potential to manage sensors in IoT networks [57], its implementation is impractical due to excessive memory and power consumption, as well as increased communication overhead. Fault tolerance is a critical yet challenging non-functional requirement in IoT systems, particularly in healthcare applications. While fault tolerance mechanisms can be effectively applied to IoT applications such as smart homes [58], they may not be suitable for certain smart healthcare scenarios, such as implanted sensors. A study in [59] explores the opportunities and challenges of healthcare monitoring and management within the IoT framework, incorporating cloud-based processing. The same study also reviews the current state and future directions for integrating remote health monitoring technologies into clinical medical practice. [PERSON] et al. [60] propose an IoT-based architecture that supports scalability and fault tolerance in healthcare applications. However, their approach primarily addresses faults in a reactive manner, meaning it lacks proactive mechanisms to assess the condition of sensor nodes and prevent failures in advance. The widespread adoption of smart applications and services is expected to generate vast amounts of data, including text, audio, and video, necessitating batch, interactive, or real-time processing. One of the key challenges is the integration of heterogeneous data from multiple sources [61]. To address this, researchers have developed a flexible and cost-effective infrastructure that incorporates cloud and fog computing, blockchain technology, and message brokers to enable secure and private IoT deployment for smarthealthcare applications and services.