## 3 Results
### Publication Year and Study Locations  
While the literature search included all possible publication dates, the 22 records included in this review were published between 2019 and 2024 (see Figure 2 for a breakdown of articles by publication year). This observation suggests that while empirical research on bus-stop shelters may have been conducted prior to 2019, the increase in peer-reviewed journal publications is a relatively recent development, indicating a growing interest and an emerging trend in this research area. It is essential to acknowledge that earlier research can be found in book chapters, conference papers, and reports, further enriching the overall knowledge base focusing on bus-stop design. However, we specifically chose to only include peer-reviewed journal articles in this review as a way to control quality and research rigor.  
The reviewed publications are geographically diverse, with ten articles reporting research conducted in Asia (four from China, two from South Korea, and one each from Singapore, Japan, Kazakhstan, and Iran). Six articles reported research completed in Southwestern Europe, including three from Portugal, two from Spain, and one from the UK. Four articles involved research from North America, specifically, the United States, with studies taking place in Texas, Arizona, Tennessee, and Utah. Additionally, one article reported on research from South America (Brazil) and one from Africa (Ethiopia). Figure 3 shows the geographic distribution of the study locations, mapped according to country. This distribution highlights a lack of studies that have taken place within the southern hemisphere, and none of the included studies were from Australia.  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{p{11.4 pt} p{113.8 pt} p{113.8 pt} p{113.8 pt} p{113.8 pt} p{113.8 pt} p{113.8 pt}} \hline \hline
**No.** & **Reference** & **Journal** & **Climate Code** & **Theme/ Focus** & **Data Types** & **Methods** & **Findings** \\ \hline
21 & [PERSON] et al., 2024 & _Sustainable Cities and Society_ & Dwa & Air pollution & Quant installation for air purification systems & Significant reductions in pollutant levels and decreases in health risk \\ \hline
22 & [PERSON] et al., 2021 & _Sustainable Cities and Society_ & Cwa & Extreme weather: heat & Quant, Qual & Experimental test: mist spray system modelled to simulate real environment; thermal comfort increased; 74% of participants would accept the mist spray system. \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}  
\begin{tabular}{p{11.4 pt} p{113.8 pt} p{113.8 pt} p{113.8 pt} p{113.8 pt}} \hline \hline \multicolumn{2}{p{113.8 pt}}{Climate code legend from the Köppen Climate Classification system: Af: Tropical Rainforest; Bok: Arid, Semi-Arid, Cold; Bwh: Arid, Arid Desert, Hot; Cfa: Temperate, No Dry Season, Hot Summer; Cfb: Temperate, No Dry Season, Warm Summer; Csa: Temperate, Dry Summer, Hot Summer; Cwb: Temperate, Dry Winter, Warm Summer; Dwa: Continental, Dry Winter, Hot Summer.} \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}  
\end{table}
Table 1: Cont.  
Although the studies exhibit geographic diversity, the Koppen Climate Classification, as applied to the research locations, is less varied (see Figure 4). Most research has focused on temperate regions with hot or warm summer climates. This geographical bias may explain the emphasis on bus stops in extreme weather and heat, as these regions face distinct challenges in providing comfortable and safe waiting environments for passengers. However, it also reveals potential gaps in the research conducted in climate regions other than those experiencing extreme weather and high temperatures.  
Figure 3: The geographic distribution of study locations according to country.  
Figure 2: Peer-reviewed bus-stop articles published between 2019 and 2024.