## 4 Conclusions  
The results obtained for a dual-slope path loss propagation model in three different environments, i.e., urban with high traffic density, urban with low traffic density, and suburban, are herein presented. These results can be used in vehicular network simulators to design, evaluate, and validate new protocols that improve the quality of vehicular communication systems and enable the integration of ITS, AD, and vehicular sensing with the 5G-IoT ecosystem. From the results obtained, it should be noted that the parameters of the dual-slope path loss propagation model are influenced by the frequency band. For example, in the results reported in this paper, it was observed that the mean values of the first- and second-slope \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Scenario** & \(\gamma_{1}\) & \(\sigma_{S_{1}}\)**(dB)** & \(\gamma_{2}\) & \(\sigma_{S_{2}}\)**(dB)** & \(d_{C}\)**(m)** & \
\begin{tabular}{c} **Frequency** \\ **Band** \\ \end{tabular} &
\begin{tabular}{c} **Related** \\ **Works** \\ \end{tabular} \\ \hline Suburban & 2.00–2.10 & 5.60–2.60 & 3.80–4.00 & 4.40–8.40 & 100 & 5.9 GHz & Ref. [26] \\ Highway & 1.90 & 2.50 & 4.00 & 0.90 & 220 & 5.9 GHz & Ref. [27] \\ Rural & 2.30 & 3.20 & 4.00 & 0.40 & 226 & 5.9 GHz & Ref. [27] \\ Urban intersection 1 & 1.54 & 3.64 & 3.96 & 4.81 & 24.5 & \\ Urban intersection 2 & 1.56 & 3.64 & 5.34 & 4.81 & 40 & 5.9 GHz & Ref. [28] \\ Urban intersection 3 & 1.53 & 3.64 & 4.86 & 4.81 & 45 & \\ Urban & 0.10 & 3.03 & 5.24 & 7.40 & 120 & \\ Suburban & 1.47 & 6.63 & 6.42 & 9.22 & 200 & 500 MHz & Ref. [29] \\ Urban & 1.60 & 2.20 & 3.14 & 4.50 & 35 & 725 MHz & Ref. [30] \\
**Scenario** & **Conditions** & \(\gamma_{1}\) & \(\gamma_{2}\) & \(\sigma_{S}\)**(dB)** & \(d_{C}\)**(m)** & \
\begin{tabular}{c} **Frequency** \\ **Band** \\ \end{tabular} &
\begin{tabular}{c} **Related** \\ **Works** \\ \end{tabular} \\ Highway & LOS & 1.66 & 2.88 & 3.95 & 104 & \\  & OLOS & \(\longrightarrow\) & 3.18 & 6.12 & \\  & LOS & 1.81 & 2.85 & 4.15 & 104 & 5.6 GHz & Ref. [18] \\ Urban & OLOS & 1.93 & 2.74 & 6.67 & 104 & \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 3: Large-scale dual-slope path loss model parameters for vehicular environments. PLEs were lower at 700 MHz than at 5.9 GHz for urban with low density and suburban environments studied, where the highest values of the first- and second-slope PLEs were obtained for the urban environments with low traffic density at 5.9 GHz. Future lines of work will include performing broadband measurement campaigns for applications in the ITS to generate path loss and capacity models that enable the optimal deployment of device and sensor networks in V2X 5G-IoT ecosystem. Conceptualization, H.F., L.R., J.R. and V.M.R.P. ; methodology, H.F., L.R. and V.M.R.P. ; channel measurements, H.F., L.R., J.R. and V.M.R.P. ; validation, H.F., L.R. and V.M.R.P. ; formal analysis, H.F., L.R., J.R. and V.M.R.P. ; investigation H.F., L.R., J.R. and V.M.R.P. ; resources, H.F., L.R., J.R. and V.M.R.P. ; data curation, H.F., L.R., J.R. and V.M.R.P. ; writing--original draft preparation, H.F., L.R., J.R. and V.M.R.P. ; writing--review and editing H.F., L.R., J.R. and V.M.R.P. ; visualization, H.F., L.R., J.R. and V.M.R.P. ; supervision, H.F., L.R., J.R. and V.M.R.P. ; project administration, H.F., L.R., J.R. and V.M.R.P. ; funding acquisition, H.F., L.R., J.R. and V.M.R.P. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript. Not applicable. The original contributions presented in the study are included in the article, further inquiries can be directed to the corresponding author. The authors would like to thank [PERSON] and [PERSON] for their support in the design and assembly of the channel sounder and [PERSON], [PERSON], and [PERSON] for their support in carrying out the measurement campaign. The authors declare no conflicts of interest. The funders had no role in the design of the study; in the collection, analyses, or interpretation of data; in the writing of the manuscript; or in the decision to publish the results.