## 4 Rule-Based Large Neighborhood Search Algorithm (RLNS)
### Heuristic Rules and Various Operators
#### 4.2.5. Onboard Data First-Come-First-Served Transmission Operator
For mission sequences on satellites, neighborhood perturbation can be achieved by exchanging the sequential order between different segments, and exchanging mission sequence segments on different satellites, as shown in Figure 8.

For the perturbation of the time sequence of the time window between the satellite and the ground station, it is possible to adopt the method of randomly selecting the perturbation position, and exchanging the time sequence between the time window of the perturbation position and the next window immediately adjacent to it. For other aspects of the design of the genetic algorithm, the new population selects individuals from the parent population for chromosome crossover operations (chromosome crossover operations in this case are exchanging the assignments and sequences of observational targets to satellites or assignments to ground stations on different solutions, as well as the sequence of adjustments to the time window of the satellite and ground stations) and mutation operations by means of a tournament selection method. The optimal individuals from the previous generation of the population are retained each time the offspring population is generated, as shown in Figure 9.

Figure 4.0 Diagram of an operator. ## 6 Simulation Experiments and Results

This section conducts simulation experiments of varying scales. ### Data Description

The various parameters of the simulation data are as follows: The satellite parameters (from the orbital parameters of the SuperView-1 series satellites) are shown in Figure 4.1

Figure 4.2 Flowchart of Genetic Algorithm (GA). The satellite sensor type is rectangular, with a vertical half-angle of the field of view of \(30^{\circ}\) and a horizontal half-angle of \(5^{\circ}\). Other satellite parameters are shown in Figure 4.3

The observation targets are a group of targets with an average distribution centered around five points within China, with latitude and longitude differences ranging from \(-10^{\circ}\) to \(10^{\circ}\). The coordinates of the five central points are shown in Figure 4.4

The five ground stations selected are located within China, with the following latitude and longitude information shown in Figure 4.5

The priority of the targets is a random integer between 1 and 5. The observation time for each target is 10, and the transmission time is 20. To simplify the complexity of the simulation, we randomly assign the transition time between observation tasks as an integer within the range of 1 to 10. The attitude maneuver of the satellite or the stations both consume 1 unit of energy per second. ### Problem Scenario Visualization

Based on the above assumptions, the problem scenarios focused on in this study are as shown in Figures 10 and 11. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c} \hline \hline  & **Point1** & **Point2** & **Point3** & **Point4** & **Point5** \\ \hline Longitude & 113 & 90 & 100 & 110 & 115 \\ Latitude & 10 & 40 & 35 & 30 & 25 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 6: Information of targets for experiments. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Parameters** & **Sat01** & **Sat02** & **Sat03** & **Sat04** \\ \hline \(a\) & 609.1 km & 609.1 km & 609.1 km & 609.1 km \\ \(e\) & \(1.64\times 10^{-3}\) & \(1.54\times 10^{-3}\) & \(5.11\times 10^{-4}\) & \(1.1\times 10^{-3}\) \\ \(i\) & 97.50\({}^{\circ}\) & 97.41\({}^{\circ}\) & 97.47\({}^{\circ}\) & 97.47\({}^{\circ}\) \\ \(\omega\) & 82.01\({}^{\circ}\) & 78.17\({}^{\circ}\) & 335.09\({}^{\circ}\) & 320.80\({}^{\circ}\) \\ \(\Omega\) & 349.16\({}^{\circ}\) & 334.40\({}^{\circ}\) & 342.09\({}^{\circ}\) & 342.30\({}^{\circ}\) \\ \(\
u\) & 52.73\({}^{\circ}\) & 33.30\({}^{\circ}\) & 162.46\({}^{\circ}\) & 173.56\({}^{\circ}\) \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 4: Parameters of satellites for experiments.