esa-sceva/satcom-chunk-collection huggingface dataset:
Demonstration of Transmission Mode Soft X-ray NEXAFS Using Third- and Fifth-Order Harmonics of FEL Radiation at SACLA BL1  
[PERSON]  
1 Institute for Molecular Science, Mydoalij, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan; [EMAIL_ADDRESS]  
[PERSON]  
1 Institute for Molecular Science, Mydoalij, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan; [EMAIL_ADDRESS]  
[PERSON]  
3 RIKEN, Spring-8 Center, Sayo, Hyogo 679-5148, Japan; [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (I.I.); [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (S.O.); [PERSON]ADDRESS] (M.Y.); [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (J.R.H.)  
[PERSON]  
34 JASRI, 1-1-1, Kouto, Sayo-cho, Sayo-gun, Hyogo 679-5198, Japan 4 QST, SPring-8, K  
non-time-resolved synchrotron radiation, is sensitive to the local chemical environment of the specific atom targeted. By analyzing NEXAFS spectra, one can acquire information on the local structure, electronic, and spin state. Time-resolved NEXAFS in the soft X-ray region, especially above the carbon K-edge energy, is a promising tool and would enable the investigation of ultrafast structural, electron, and spin dynamics. Femtosecond time-resolved soft X-ray absorption spectroscopy by this HHG technology has been performed, and the photodissociation processes of CF4 [19] and NO [20] molecules were observed. However, at present, usable light intensity can only be obtained for energies of up to about 400 eV (nitrogen absorption edge) [21]. Currently, the development of time-resolved soft X-ray absorption spectroscopy in the 500 to 1000 eV region is insufficient.  
In 2020, at the XFEL facility LCLS in the United States, using soft X-ray absorption spectroscopy around the oxygen K-edge energy, it became clear that the generation of OH radicals by the chemical reaction of H\({}_{2}\)O\({}^{+}\) ions (H\({}_{2}\)O\({}^{+}\) + H\({}_{2}\)O \(\alpha\)\(\rightarrow\) OH + H\({}_{3}\)O\({}^{+}\)) was about 46 femtoseconds [22], which attracted great interest from all over the world. Above 500 eV, the ultra-short pulses offered by an FEL are ideal for this application.  
The SACLA BL1 FEL [23], targets the extreme ultraviolet (EUV) wavelength regime, providing photon energies ranging from 20 to 150 eV in the fundamental FEL radiation. Many successful applications have been made--for example, in EUV nonlinear optics [24; 25] and ultrafast time-resolved spectroscopy [26].  
In this paper, we propose and demonstrate the utilization of third- and fifth-order harmonics in FEL radiation to extend the available photon energy region. While the highest available photon energy is 150 eV in the fundamental FEL radiation at SACLA BL1, we demonstrate soft X-ray absorption spectroscopy at the Ar 2p and CO\({}_{2}\) C 1s and O 1s edges, successfully recording NEXAFS spectra by using the third- and fifth-order harmonics in the FEL radiation.
## 2 Indoor Positioning System in 433 MHz ISM Band
### GPS Down-Converting Repeater
After the second amplifier, the down-converted GPS signals are retransmitted to indoors via a 433 MHz dipole antenna at each repeater. In terms of adjustments, the repeater board attenuation levels can be set to different values from a remote computer using a Wi-Fi connection. In this way, the gain of a repeater can be adjusted to prevent near-far effects and also keep the signal level from each repeater at a similar level. With this structure, the down-conversion of GPS signals enables users to deploy higher gain GPS receivers than those that are limited by international standards. Additionally, operating in 433 MHz allows us to further increase the gain of the proposed repeaters.
## 3 The End-to-End Instrument Performance Simulation System (EIPS) Framework
### EIPS Components
#### 3.2.4 Information and Error Analysis Model  
An important objective of an end-to-end simulation is to quantify the performance of the instrument and to optimise the instrument parameters with respect to retrieval parameters [18]. To obtain that functionality, an information and error analysis model has been developed (in the EIPS framework) based on the principles of optimal estimation (OE) [18].
## 4 Discussion
This study provides preliminary evidence on the AP's performance as part of an RM system relative to a Phonak RM system, without considering human participant variability. While the results suggest that the AP may help improve speech recognition in noise under controlled conditions, further research with humans is needed to validate these findings. Suggested future steps include the following: (1) Human subject validation: Evaluating performance across diverse populations (varying hearing levels, ages, genders, and cognitive abilities) to confirm real-world applicability. (2) Behavioral response analysis: Examining differences in human performance (speech recognition, listening effort) and subjective evaluation (sound quality perception, technology acceptance) under the same testing conditions in this study. (3) Signal transmission optimization: Engineering studies to address Bluetooth latency issues, ensuring real-time auditory synchronization meets clinical requirements for assistive listening. These investigations will improve the generalizability of the results and provide deeper insights into the clinical feasibility of AP as an assistive listening device.
# Application of Machine Learning Algorithms in Real-Time Monitoring of Conveyor Belt Damage
## 2 Materials and Methods
### The Test Model of the Belt Conveyor  
In order to perform the necessary experiments, the test rig was built. It consisted of a driving pulley with an adjustable electric motor and a tail pulley with a built-in strain gauge measuring system. Figure 3 demonstrates the end part of the test rig with the belt placed on the tail pulley.  
The rubber belt enabled us to imitate the work conditions of a belt conveyor with different speeds, tensions, loads, and even damages. The inclinometer allowed for the registration of the rotational angle of the pulley, which was important because only part of the strain gauge underwent pressure.  
Figure 3: A view of the test rig with the model of a belt conveyor.  
Figure 2: Details of the built-in electronic system: (**a**) a drawing of the PCB holder placed inside the tail pulley; (**b**) the printed circuit ready to be mounted into the pulley.  
In the experiments, a typical belt material, EDV08 PB-AS 2.0, was used, made by Enitra Sp. z o.o. (Walbrzych, Poland). Before the experiments, the material underwent a detailed analysis reported elsewhere [30]. Its important feature is the anisotropy of the strength characteristics, especially the ones related to damages. In particular, the samples with transverse preset damages exhibited ca. 60% lower breaking force than the ones with longitudinal preset damages.
## 3 Control of Thermal Deformation Optimization Strategy  
The following concepts guide the optimization design process: Initially, it is essential to analyze the satellite's orbital temperature distribution. The satellite bus's thermal deformation is estimated using the temperature distribution as an input. The needed method is produced through optimization using the amount of orbital deformation as the boundary condition. Finally, simulation calculations are used to confirm the optimization effect.  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c} \hline
**ID** & **Source of Error** & **Type of Error** & **Error Magnitude/Mrad** \\ \hline
1 & Orbit prediction error & 0.05 \\
2 & Satellite bus & Satellite attitude measurement error & 0.35 \\
3 & Satellite dynamic deformation error & 0.3 \\ \hline
4 & Pointing mirror open loop control error & 0.5 \\
5 & Laser communication load & Coarse tracking error & 0.1 \\
6 & Accuracy of laser solution & 0.2 \\ \hline  & Synthesis error & 1.5 \\ \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}
Table 2: Uncertainty analysis after inter-satellites calibration.
# Integration of Deep Learning and Collaborative Robot for Assembly Tasks
## 3 Implementation
### Systems Integration  
All subsystems in the project communicate with a Central Processing System (CPS) through an ROS node. The CPS acts as an orchestrator, synchronizing the activation and communication between the subsystems mentioned earlier. It receives the output of each subsystem and temporarily stores it until another system requires the feedback.  
Figure 9 presents the CPS node, designed to receive three inputs: hand position coordinates, recognized voice commands, and the class of the detected object. The CPS node processes these data and transmits signals to the cobot, enabling control over its inner program routines. To facilitate precise control of the movements performed by the cobot, the UR ROS Driver library was used to guide the end effector toward the desired hand position. UR ROS Driver is an ROS library used to control a Universal Robots(r) cobot; this library contains communication functions that allow one to send movement commands via ROS topics to the cobot. For signal transmission, digital signals are sent to the cobot via digital inputs.  
Additionally, each subsystem sends status messages to the CPS, providing valuable information for monitoring the overall state and performance of the system. The CPS also generates its status messages, which help the user interact with the robot. To enhance user-friendliness, these messages undergo audio conversion using the gTTS (Google Text-to-Speech) Python3 library and are subsequently played back, enabling users to effortlessly communicate and control the system through speech and auditory feedback.  
The audio feedback provided by the system includes messages indicating when and which commands the robot can receive, the detected object, and alerts for any issues that arise, such as insufficient storage space for an additional piece or when an object is detected unexpectedly.
## 3 Results and Discussion
### Particle Characterization: Size, Polydispersity Index (PDI), and Zeta Potential (\(\zeta\)p)  
All the developed NSs were in the nanosize range, narrow in particle size distribution as per PDI. Particle size and PDI of five nanosponges developed, IBNS1-5, were found to be in the range of 328.6-743.6 nm, and 0.38-0.40, respectively, whereas \(\zeta\)p was in between (\(-10.4\) to \(-30.2\)). Zeta potential for all NSs was negatively charged, with \(\geq\)30 \(\zeta\)pP indicating non-agglomeration and a stable dispersion system (Figure 2). EC about the negative charge over the particles could have resulted in inter-particle repulsion. If the average diameter of the particle ranges from \(>\)200 nm to \(\sim\)1000 nm, it is considered to be the extended stay of EC-based NSs in the body, delivering the drug at the site-specific (cancer region) by increasing the permeability to the cancer cell [18; 43].
# Deploying CPU-Intensive Applications on MEC in NFV Systems: The Immersive Video Use Case
## Overall Architecture of the Proposed ME System
### ME App On-Boarding and Instantior Example in Crowded Event Scenarios  
Service providers and app developers interact with ME systems through the CFS portal, which represents the entry point for third parties, and is intended to reproduce the quite successful approach adopted by public cloud platforms.  
Through the CFS portal, service providers can instantiate ME apps, such as the i-EVS, in specific venues where a crowded event might occur: a stadium for a concert or a sporting match, a touristic location at seasonal peak periods, a small, etc. [24]. In this way, participants at the event can benefit from the high-value services provided by ME apps running on top of local IT resources.  
Very often, the manager of the venue--e.g., a commercial landlord, enterprise, or municipality, could be the owner of the local infrastructure and may be willing to rent it to different telecom operators. In this case, it (or a collaborating service provider) assumes the role of Neutral Host, as envisioned and supported by organizations such as the Small Cell Forum [39]. The Neutral Host provides services to different operators wishing to exploit the infrastructure in a particular location, and collaborates in the definition of a solution that is commercially and technically viable for operators.  
In this paper, however, for simplicity reasons, we will assume that the entire network, the ME system and the underlying network infrastructure are provided by a single telecom operator, responsible for the entire network up to the infrastructure at the edge.  
This scenario clearly highlights the importance of two types of interaction of service providers and developers with the ME system, i.e., Me app on-boarding (performed by the developer) and ME app instantiation (performed by the service provider). We will describe such interactions in detail in the following paragraphs.
# Key Issues on Integrating 5G into Industrial Systems
## 5 Integration of 5G with Industrial Systems  
### Three Integration Paths  
#### 5.1.1 End-to-End 5G Solution  
Very low latency and high reliability are two of the main requirements of new applications exploiting 5G networks. In order to replace field buses with 5G, relevant technologies must be implemented, mainly including real-time IoT and 5G-related technologies. Some other 5G-based wireless real-time communication protocols shall also be defined, such as the 5G Real-Time protocol. Sensors and actuators need to directly support such protocols, so as to achieve seamless 5G integration in industrial scenarios. Therefore, significant improvements to 5G technology need to be made to meet the following three core conditions [48; 49; 50; 51]:  
1. Given that a field bus is an industrial-grade real-time communication protocol, if 5G is to replace a field bus, 5G must be upgraded to a real-time protocol to ensure real-time and reliable data transmission;
2. It is necessary to enhance the functionality of 5G base stations so that they can play the role of servers, similar to the master in field bus in a LAN composed of base stations and their connected multiple terminals, in order to deliver real-time communication within the LAN;
3. The topology of 5G networks can implement a new architecture of \"terminal extension as gateway\", in which the real-time data forwarding needs to be made between the network within a base station and the network within a gateway.  
The ongoing work in 5G Real-time Media Transport Protocol Configurations (3 GPP TS 26.522 version 18.0.0 Release 18) is the latest such effort. It deals with immersive media such as online concerts. It would be a good fit to include it in the support for industrial control communication.
###### Abstract  
Infrared images have good anti-environmental interference ability and can capture hot target information well, but their pictures lack rich detailed texture information and poor contrast. Visible image has clear and detailed texture information, but their imaging process depends more on the environment, and the quality of the environment determines the quality of the visible image. This paper presents an infrared image and visual image fusion algorithm based on deep learning. Two identical feature extractors are used to extract the features of visible and infrared images of different scales, fuse these features through specific fusion methods, and restore the features of visible and infrared images to the pictures through the feature restorer to make up for the deficiencies in the various photos of infrared and visible images. This paper tests infrared visual images, multi-focus images, and other data sets. The traditional image fusion algorithm is compared several with the current advanced image fusion algorithm. The experimental results show that the image fusion method proposed in this paper can keep more feature information of the source image in the fused image, and achieve excellent results in some image evaluation indexes.  
deep learning; image fusion; multi-scale image +
Footnote †: journal: Applied Sciences
# A New Design of Codebook for Hybrid Precoding in Millimeter-Wave Massive MIMO Systems
## 2 System Model
### Channel Model
\(\phi_{il}^{r}\) and \(\phi_{il}^{t}\) are the angles of arrival and departure (AoAs and AoDs, respectively) of the \(l\)th path in the \(i\)th cluster, respectively. \(\mathbf{a}_{t}(\phi_{il}^{r})\) and \(\mathbf{a}_{t}(\phi_{il}^{t})\), respectively, denote the antenna response array at the receiver and transmitter, which are given by [17]  
\[ \begin{split}\mathbf{a}_{t}(\phi_{il}^{t})&=\frac{1} {\sqrt{N_{\mathrm{t}}}}\Big{[}1,e^{\mathrm{j}kdsin(\phi_{il}^{t})},\cdots,e^{ \mathrm{j}(N_{\mathrm{t}}-1)kdsin(\phi_{il}^{t})}\Big{]}^{T},\\ \mathbf{a}_{t}(\phi_{il}^{r})&=\frac{1}{\sqrt{N_{ \mathrm{r}}}}\Big{[}1,e^{\mathrm{j}kdsin(\phi_{il}^{r})},\cdots,e^{\mathrm{j}( N_{\mathrm{r}}-1)kdsin(\phi_{il}^{r})}\Big{]}^{T},\end{split}  \tag{3}\]  
where \(k=2\pi/\lambda\), \(\lambda\) is the wavelength and \(d=\frac{\lambda}{2}\) is the interelement spacing. In addition, \(\phi_{i}\) is uniformly distributed over \([0,2\pi)\) with the Laplacian distribution.
## 2 Materials and Methods
### FE Modelling  
The finite element method, implemented using Ansys R2 2022 software, was employed for the FE modelling of both groups of the considered laboratory specimens to verify the efficacy of the proposed simplified method. The BEAM 188 element type was used to model timber chords, while the SHELL element type was utilized for modelling the OSB, concrete layer, and steel webs. Timber chords were represented as C24 class solid members with dimensions of 47 mm \(\times\) 95 mm, and the steel braces, with punched steel plates having a cross-section of 47 mm \(\times\) 1 mm, were made of S275 grade steel. All nodes were specified as rigid. The thicknesses of the OSB/3 and concrete layers were set at 18 mm and 50 mm, respectively, and the strength class of the concrete layer was designated as C25/30.  
The FE models for the first and second groups of laboratory specimens, both without and with a concrete layer, are illustrated in Figure 9a,b, respectively.  
The developed FE models of the first and second groups of the laboratory specimens were analysed under the action of the concentrated 24 kN force through the scheme of three-point bending, as shown in Figure 5a. The value of the applied force was a design load for the specimen of the first group, determined by the simplified method, described in Section 2.1.  
Figure 8: Modes of failure (**a**) for the SI group specimens, (**b,c**) for the S2 group of specimens.  
Figure 9: FE models of the first (**a**) and second (**b**) groups of laboratory specimens with and without concrete layer.  
The results obtained for the second group of laboratory specimens using the developed FE model are presented in Figure 10. The potential for describing crack development was examined by utilizing the SOLID-FE-type to model the concrete layer for specimens of the second group.  
The scheme illustrating the development of cracks in the concrete layer and the vertical displacements obtained by the FE model, where the concrete layer was modelled using the SOLID-type finite element, is presented in Figure 11. Noteworthy is the absence of significant differences in the values of vertical displacements and stresses obtained by the models with SHELL and SOLID finite elements employed for modelling of the concrete layers.
## 3 Results and Discussion
### Validation of PV Fields  
We used for the validation experimental results from one of our previous studies [52]. During these experimental measurements, in isothermal conditions, velocity magnitude fields of the PV jet were measured with a hot-sphere anemometer at three distances in front of the PV diffuser: 0.5\(D_{e}\), 1\(D_{e}\), and 1.5\(D_{e}\) (Figure 16(a1-c1), respectively). In this figure, the velocity magnitude distributions are centered on the PV jet and were measured in a 6 \(\times\) 6 cm grid with a measurement resolution of 2 mm (31 \(\times\) 31 measurement points). Figure 16 presents a comparison from the present numerical model, in isothermal conditions, at the same distances from the PV nozzle (Figure 16(a2-c2), respectively) and from another numerical model of the same diffuser (Figure 16(a3-c3), respectively), also from the same previous study [52]. The main difference between the two numerical models is the density of the mesh dedicated to the PV nozzle itself and to the corresponding flow-domain region. Additionally, in the previous study, the flow was entirely resolved in the upstream ducting of the air distribution system. Another difference is the position of the virtual human body used in [52]. We placed the PV nozzle at the same position in relation to the face in order to cover the breathing zone, but the manikin was not seated like in the current study.  
In all considered cases, results show that the lobed form of the PV jet is clearly seen at 0.5\(D_{e}\). At 1\(D_{e}\), relics of the lobed jet are still present, while at 1.5\(D_{e}\), those same remnants have almost disappeared as the lobed jet transitions into a round jet. Peak velocities at all three distances (Figure 16a-c) are around 0.5 m/s. The jet expands from its width and height (W \(\times\) H) of approximately 4 \(\times\) 4 cm at 0.5\(D_{e}\) to a W \(\times\) H of 5 \(\times\) 5 cm at 1.5\(D_{e}\) (an increase of around 20%).  
The numerical model from the current study presents a less symmetrical flow distribution, which is explained by the proximity of the PV jet to various surfaces of the virtual human body in the seated position, such as the left arm of the manikin and other surfaces, like the right upper cushion of the seat (see Figure 6). Figure 16d, compares the velocity magnitude values along the axis of the three PV jets (numerical and experimental from study [52] and the numerical PV jet from the present study) between the PV nozzle and the occupant's face.  
Figure 15: (**a**) Mean temperature measurements achieved with the thermocouples in the sagittal plane of the manikin. (**b**) Relative error distribution between numerical and experimental results.
# Hybrid Metal/Polymer Filaments for Fused Filament Fabrication (FFF) to Print Metal Parts
## 3 Results and Discussion
### Filament and Green Parts
#### 3.1.2 Characterization of the Green Parts  
The 316L green parts were printed using a 100% infill density. However, some voids existed between the deposited rasters due to incomplete fusion (Figure 2a). The polymeric strands clearly visible in the neat filament (Figure 1b) were not observed in the printed specimens (Figure 2b) as a result of the polymer matrix melting and diffusion during the printing step. However, the coated layer was still present as it can be observed when looking at the contour side of the green samples (Figure 2c,d). The mesostructure obtained is like those observed in standard FFF samples and the part's consistency relied on the bonding between each raster resulting from the melting of the external coating and of the internal polymeric strands. For comparison purposes, the same analyses were performed on the 17-4 PH green printed sample using the ADAM process by Markforged. In this case the rasters appeared more compacted and with a higher interdiffusion (Figure 3a). However, rasters appeared dry and with no clear evidence of polymeric matrix between the particles, which displayed smaller dimensions (5-0.5 \(\upmu\)m) compared to those observed in the Ultrafuse 316L system (Figure 3b). As a result of this mesostructure, the 17-4 PH green samples were too brittle to carry out any reliable mechanical characterization and even for handling. On the contrary, the Ultrafuse 316L green parts were easy to handle.  
Figure 2: SEM images of the mesostructure for the green printed parts using Ultrafuse 316L: (**a**) cross section (magnification 300\(\times\)); (**b**) cross section (magnification 2000\(\times\)); (**c**) contour (magnification 500\(\times\)); (**d**) contour (magnification 500\(\times\)).