## 1 Introduction
It was noted that the preliminary chemical treatment of hydrocarbon contaminants using AOPs provides better biodegradation of the resulting products at the subsequent biocatalytic processing stage [35]. Microalgae can be used as bioindicators of the biotoxicity of NCs in real natural systems [36]. It appeared that _D. tertiolecta_ cells had high enough sensitivity to paraffins (6.9% C\({}_{10}\)H\({}_{22}\), 33.1% C\({}_{11}\)H\({}_{24}\), 34.1% C\({}_{12}\)H\({}_{26}\), 25.4% C\({}_{13}\)H\({}_{28}\), and 0.4% C\({}_{14}\)H\({}_{30}\)) when _C. vulgaris_ cells were more sensitive to NPs of ZnO (80-200 nm). At the same time, the combination of microalgae and NPs provided a synergistic effect and increased the efficiency of degradation of hydrocarbon pollutions of the treated media. It is precisely such effects that attract the maximum interest of researchers at the present stage of scientific development in solving environmental problems. In this regard, recently, the possibilities of using combinations of various microbial cells as BCs possessing various enzymatic activities with nanomaterials in the purification processes of hydrocarbon-containing wastewaters and soils have been actively investigated. Prospects for the Use of Biocatalysts with Nanostructures and Nanomaterials in the Purification Processes  
It is known that in the stages of biological wastewater purification from organic pollutants, different types of microbial biocatalysts (BCs) are used (Table 2) [37; 38; 39; 40; 41; 42; 43; 44; 45; 46; 47; 48; 49; 50; 51; 52; 53; 54; 55; 56; 57; 58; 59; 60; 61; 62; 63; 64; 65; 66], in the role of which bacterial cells [37; 38; 41; 42; 43; 44; 46; 63; 65; 66], filamentous fungi [39; 51] or phototrophic microorganisms [40; 53] are most often used (Figure 2). At the same time, various bioreactors are actively used to maintain both aerobic and anaerobic conditions for the destruction of pollutants under the action of microbial BCs. Today, not only microbial cells are being studied among BCs, but also NCs of biological origin, which are microbial enzymes that are proposed for use in the destruction of hydrocarbon pollutants, including in the content of created NComs [69]. From a practical point of view, it is more expedient to introduce individual enzymatic NCs into purification systems not alone but as components of whole microbial cells synthesizing these enzymes. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c} \hline
**Bioctalyt [Reference]** & **Pollutants** & **Conditions and Degradation Efficiency** \\ \hline \multicolumn{3}{c}{_Homogenous BCs_} \\ \hline \multicolumn{3}{c}{_Abuminector visualization_[7]} & Pyrene 100 mg/L & pH7-9, 37-40 \({}^{\circ}\)C, 0-2-55 NaCl, \\ \hline \multicolumn{3}{c}{_Halomonas aeruginosa_[8]} & Pyrene 80 ppm & 25.15 mg/L 100 g \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c} \hline
**Biocatalyst [Reference]** & **Polultants** & **Conditions and Degradation Efficiency** \\ \hline Halophilic bacterial consortium [69] & PAHs & 12 days, pH 4.7 mg/s/L NaCl concentration \\  & & low-molecular-weight (\(\theta\) \(\pm\) 1.4 \(\%\)) & 50% for bicarbonate and fluorescent) and high-molecular-weight (\(\theta\) \(\pm\) 1.4 \(\%\) & 54.5 \(\%\) at 50 and 100 mg/L of \\  & & pyrene) polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (MAHs) \\ \hline Berthic diatom-associated bacteria [50] & 3 g/s/L Berno(hyperne and 265 ug/L, fluorescent) & 70\% of fluoranthene, \\  & & 70\% of fluoranthene \\ \hline Conortum: _Axyophila niger_, & 101.7 mg/L PAHs & 21 days 85.25, degradation \\  & _Axyophila niger_, & in oilfield wastewater & \\  & & (with 100\%, naphthalene and chrysen) \\  & & \\  & & \\  & & \\  & & \\  & & \\  & & \\ \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 2: _Cont._