## 3 Results  
### The Response of Zea mays to DO and G  
In pursuit of one of the stated objectives of the study, the response of _Zea mays_ was verified on the basis of the dry weight of the above-ground parts of maize grown on soil not contaminated with petroleum products. It was relatively constant, ranging from 69.544 to 74.073 g d.m. pot\({}^{-1}\) (Figure 1a, Table S1). The differences between these values were not statistically significant. However, the biomass yield obtained from soil contaminated with DO and G was significantly lower. Under the influence of DO at a quantity of 16 g kg\({}^{-1}\) d.m. of soil, the maize yield decreased by 7.1-fold. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Enzyme Name** & \begin{tabular}{c} **Enzyme** \\ **Abbreviation** \\ **Union of** \\ **Biochemistry** \\ \end{tabular} & \begin{tabular}{c} **Circulation of** \\ **Elements** \\ \end{tabular} & **Substrate** & **Product** & \begin{tabular}{c} **Unit in kg** \\ **d.m. of Soil** \\ **per Hour** \\ \end{tabular} & **References** \\ \hline Catalase & Cat & EC 1.11.1.6 & C-cycle & \begin{tabular}{c} H\({}_{2}\)O\({}_{2}\)—aqueous \\ solution \\ \end{tabular} & O\({}_{2}\) & mol & [76] \\ \hline \multicolumn{8}{c}{Hydrorolases} \\ \hline Urease & Ure & EC 3.5.1.5 & N-cycle & \begin{tabular}{c} Urea—aqueous \\ solution \\ \end{tabular} & N-NH\({}_{4}\) & mmol & [77] \\ \hline \(\beta\)-glucosidase & Glu & EC 3.2.1.21 & C-cycle & \begin{tabular}{c} 4-nitrophenyl-\(\beta\)-d-p- \\ glucopyranoside \\ \end{tabular} & \begin{tabular}{c} 4-nitro-phenol \\ (PN) \\ \end{tabular} & mmol & [77] \\ \hline Acid & AcP & EC 3.1.3.2 & P-cycle & \begin{tabular}{c} Disodium \\ 4-nitrophenyl \\ phosphate \\ hexhydrate \\ \end{tabular} & \begin{tabular}{c} 4-nitro-phenol \\ (PN) \\ \end{tabular} & mmol & [77] \\ \hline Alkaline & Alp & EC 3.1.3.1 & P-cycle & \begin{tabular}{c} Disodium \\ 4-nitrophenyl \\ phosphate \\ hexhydrate \\ \end{tabular} & \begin{tabular}{c} 4-nitro-phenol \\ (PN) \\ \end{tabular} & mmol & [77] \\ \hline Aryosulphatase & Aryl & EC 3.1.6.1 & S-cycle & \
\begin{tabular}{c} Potassium-4- \
itrophenyl-sulfate \\ \end{tabular} &
\begin{tabular}{c} 4-nitro-phenol \\ (PN) \\ \end{tabular} & mmol & [77] \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 2: _Cont._After the application of dolomite, the diminishment was 6.2 fold, and for perlite, it was 5.2-fold. The negative effect of G on maize was less substantial than that of DO. The highest dose of this product (16 g kg\({}^{-1}\) of soil) decreased the aerial parts biomass by 3.8 fold, while after the application of dolomite, it was diminished by 1.9 fold, and for perlite, by 1.6-fold. The low values of the dolomite (D) and perlite (P) influence indices on the aerial parts biomass in the control treatments (Figure 1b) indicate that these sorbents when added to soil not degraded by petroleum products, did not exert a significant influence on the physiological processes of maize. However, relatively high values, especially in the DO_8 and G_16 treatments, suggest that the implementation of D and P partially mitigates the negative effects of DO and G on the plant. Diesel oil (DO) and gasoline (G) affected the chlorophyll index (SPAD) of _Zea mays_ leaves (Figure 2a). Their effects were opposite. The application of DO at a rate of 16 g kg\({}^{-1}\) soil resulted in a decrease in SPAD, whereas G applied at the same dose contributed to a significant increase. In contrast to DO and G, neither dolomite nor perlite modified the intensity of the green color of _Zea mays_ leaves, as evidenced by the low values of the influence index (IF\({}_{\text{D}}\) and IF\({}_{\text{P}}\)) on the magnitude of SPAD (Figure 2b). Figure 1: The yield of aerial parts (Ya) of _Zea mays_ (**a**) and the impact factor of dolomite (IF\({}_{\text{D}}\)) and perlite (IF\({}_{\text{P}}\)) on Ya (**b**). Diesel oil (DO) and gasoline (G) doses, in cm\({}^{3}\) kg\({}^{-1}\) d.m. of soil: 0 (C), 8, 16. The same letters on the bar graph (a–g) denote homogeneous groups, \(p<0.050\), N = 4.