## 3 Method and Model Preparation
### Heat Conduction Model and Heating Strategy
\(T_{\text{w1}}\), \(T_{\text{w2}}\), \(T_{\text{w3}}\) represent the temperature of the entire inner wall, interlayer, and outer wall, respectively. Moreover, \(T_{outdoor}\), \(T_{in}\) refer to the temperature of outside air and inside air. As such, we can obtain the thermal network map as shown in Figure 7.  
Figure 6: (**a**) The distribution of thermal nodes in the surface observation chamber. (**b**) The actual arrangement of the surface observation chamber at the Antarctic site in December 2019. Figure 7: Heat transfer lumped parameter equation of surface observation cabin. The nodal temperature equation of air \(T_{in}\) is:  
\[(m_{in}c_{in})\frac{dT_{in}}{dt}=\frac{T_{w1}-T_{in}}{R_{in,w1}}+Q_{in}, \tag{1}\]  
where \(T_{in}\) = internal air node temperature; \(T_{w1}\) = internal wall node temperature; \(m_{in}\) = total inner air mass; \(c_{in}\) = civil air specific heat capacity; and \(R_{in,w1}\) = thermal resistance between interior air and interior wall. The second term on the right side of Equation (1) represents the total heat input from the surface observation chamber. Similarly, the nodal equations for the inner wall, interlayer and outer wall can be obtained. The control equation of the interior wall node is:  
\[\begin{array}{ll}(m_{w1}c_{w1})\frac{dT_{w1}}{d\tau}&=\frac{T_{w1}-T_{w1}}{R _{w1,w2}}+\frac{T_{w2}-T_{w1}}{R_{w1,w2}}+\frac{E_{4}-E_{w1  
Thus, the equation to be iterated for the first time is obtained:  
\[\frac{\theta}{\theta_{0}}=\frac{T_{in(t)}-T_{w1(t)}}{T_{in(0)}-T_{w1(0)}}=\exp \left(-\frac{1-Q_{in}R_{in,w1}/\theta}{m_{in}c_{in}R_{in,w1}}t\right). \tag{8}\]  
Through Equation (8), the mathematical relationship between the time, the temperature difference between the indoor air and the inner surface, and the heat input are established. Since the outdoor temperature is known (because we have adopted a neural network to predict the temperature of the object for 24 h, after doing so, we assume that the average temperature in the next hour is known and unchanged), we can establish the equation:  
\[\left(T_{in(0)}-T_{outdoor(0)}\right)-\left(T_{in(t)}-T_{outdoor(t)}\right)=T _{in(0)}-T_{in(t)}=(\theta_{0}-\theta). \tag{9}\]  
By the heat equation, we can get the indoor temperature \(T_{in}\), the time t, and the heat input \(Q_{in}\) relationship. The comparison is as follows:  
\[ \begin{array}{ll}Q_{in}-Q_{out}&=mc\left(T_{in(0)}-T_{in(t)}\right)=mc( \theta_{0}-\theta)\\ &=mc\theta_{0}\left(1-\frac{\theta}{\theta_{0}}\right)=mc\theta_{0}\left[1- \exp\left(-\frac{1-Q_{in}R_{in,w1}/\theta}{m_{in}c_{in}R_{in,w1}}t\right) \right]\\ &=mc\theta_{0}\left[1-\exp\left(-\frac{1}{m_{in}c_{in}R_{in,w1}}t+Q_{in}t/ \theta\right)\right]\\ &=0\end{array} . \tag{10}\]  
In the field test heating experiment, a set of heating data with constant temperature difference under no wind condition is selected (the data sampling frequency is 15 min/time indoors and 1 h/times outdoor). At this time, the heating power is 383 W, reaching thermal equilibrium \((\theta=\theta_{0})\). After two iterations, thermal stability is reached and Equation (11) can be determined. At this time, the excess temperature is set as \(\theta=T_{in(t)}-T_{outdoor(t)}\), and Equation (11) is written as:  
\[ \begin{array}{ll}Q_{in}-Q_{out}&=mc\left(T_{in(0)}-T_{in(t)}\right)=mc( \theta_{0}-\theta)\\ &=mc\theta_{0}\left[1-\frac{\theta}{\theta_{0}}\right)=mc\theta_{0}\left[1- \exp\left(-\frac{1-Q_{in}R_{in,outdoor}/\theta}{mcR_{in,outdoor}}t\right) \right]\\ &=mc\theta_{0}\left[1-\exp\left(-\frac{1}{mcR_{in,outdoor}}t+Q_{in}t/\theta \right)\right]\\ &=0\end{array} , \tag{11}\]  
where \(Q_{in}\) and \(Q_{out}\) represent the input and output energy of the entire system,\(R_{in,outdoor}\) represents the equivalent thermal resistance between internal air and external air, and \(m_{s}c_{s}\) represents the product of the mass and specific heat of the equivalent thermal resistance itself.