## 3 Results and Discussion
### Optimization Process
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Model** & **Degree** & **Sum** & **Mean** & **F Value** & **Sum** & **Mean** & **F Value** \\
**Parameters** & **of Freedom** & **of Squares** & **Square** & **F Value** & **of Squares** & **Square** & **F Value** \\ \hline  & & & DPPH\({}_{\text{CE}}\) & & & DPPH\({}_{\text{UAE}}\) & \\ Regression & 5 & \(1.13\times 10^{8}\) & \(2.27\times 10^{7}\) & 957.63 ** & 4.33 \(\times\) 10\({}^{7}\) & 8.67 \(\times\) 10\({}^{6}\) & 292.67 * \\ Residual & 5 & \(1.17\times 10^{6}\) & \(2.34\times 10^{5}\) & & \(1.47\times 10^{6}\) & 2.94 \(\times\) 10\({}^{5}\) & \\ Lack-of-fit & 3 & \(1.12\times 10^{6}\) & \(3.74\times 10^{5}\) & 15.80 & 1.41 \(\times\) 10\({}^{6}\) & 4.71 \(\times\) 10\({}^{5}\) & 15.90 \\ Pure error & 2 & \(4.73\times 10^{4}\) & \(2.37\times 10^{4}\) & & 5.92 \(\times\) 10\({}^{4}\) & 2.96 \(\times\) 10\({}^{4}\) & \\ Total & 10 & \(1.15\times 10^{8}\) & & & 4.48 \(\times\) 10\({}^{7}\) & & \\ R\({}^{2}\) & & & 0.9902 & & & 0.9689 & \\ Adjusted R\({}^{2}\) & & & 0.9804 & & & 0.9378 & \\  & & & Color & & & & \\ Regression & 5 & 3.06 & \(6.11\times 10^{-1}\) & 178.04 * & 7.90 & 1.58 & 1281.56 ** \\ Residual & 5 & \(8.85\times 10^{-2}\) & \(1.77\times 10^{-2}\) & & 3.07 \(\times\) 10\({}^{-2}\) & 6.15 \(\times\) 10\({}^{-3}\) & \\ Lack-of-fit & 3 & \(8.16\times 10^{-2}\) & \(2.72\times 10^{-2}\) & 7.92 & 2.83 \(\times\) 10\({}^{-2}\) & 9.42 \(\times\) 10\({}^{-3}\) & 7.64 \\ Pure error & 2 & \(6.87\times 10^{-3}\) & \(3.43\times 10^{-3}\) & & 2.47 \(\times\) 10\({}^{-3}\) & 1.23 \(\times\) 10\({}^{-3}\) & \\ Total & 10 & 3.14 & & & 7.93 & & \\ R\({}^{2}\) & & & 0.9737 & & & 0.9962 & \\ Adjusted R\({}^{2}\) & & & 0.9477 & & & 0.9925 & \\  & & & Texture & & & & Flavor & \\ Regression & 5 & 2.79 & \(5.59\times 10^{-1}\) & 154.89 * & 14.17 & 2.83 & 328.31 * \\ Residual & 5 & \(7.16\times 10^{-1}\) & \(1.43\times 10^{-1}\) & & 5.05 \(\times\) 10\({}^{-1}\) & 1.01 \(\times\) 10\({}^{-1}\) & \\ Lack-of-fit & 3 & \(6.89\times 10^{-1}\) & \(2.27\times 10^{-1}\) & 12.56 & 4.88 \(\times\) 10\({}^{-1}\) & 1.63 \(\times\) 10\({}^{-1}\) & 18.83 \\ Pure error & 2 & \(3.61\times 10^{-2}\) & \(1.80\times 10^{-2}\) & & 1.73 \(\times\) 10\({}^{-2}\) & 8.63 \(\times\) 10\({}^{-3}\) & \\ Total & 10 & 3.51 & & & 14.68 & & \\ R\({}^{2}\) & & & 0.7751 & & & 0.9664 & \\ Adjusted R\({}^{2}\) & & & 0.5503 & & & 0.9328 & \\  & & & Overall acceptability & & & & \\ Regression & 5 & 15.59 & 3.12 & 736.33 * & 3.04 & 6.08 \(\times\) 10\({}^{-1}\) & 651.15 * \\ Residual & 5 & \(1.93\times 10^{-1}\) & \(3.85\times 10^{-2}\) & & 9.95 \(\times\) 10\({}^{-3}\) & 1.99 \(\times\) 10\({}^{-3}\) & \\ Lack-of-fit & 3 & \(1.84\times 10^{-1}\) & \(6.14\times 10^{-2}\) & 14.49 & 8.08 \(\times\) 10\({}^{-3}\) & 2.69 \(\times\) 10\({}^{-3}\) & 2.89 \\ Pure error & 2 & \(8.47\times 10^{-3}\) & \(4.23\times 10^{-3}\) & & 1.87 \(\times\) 10\({}^{-3}\) & 9.33 \(\times\) 10\({}^{-4}\) & \\ Total & 10 & 15.78 & & & 3.05 & & \\ R\({}^{2}\) & & & 0.9882 & & & 0.9969 & \\ Adjusted R\({}^{2}\) & & & 0.9763 & & & 0.9938 & \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}  
* Significant at the \(p\) \(<\) 0.05 level; ** Significant at the \(p\) \(<\) 0.001 level; DPPH—2,2–diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl method; CE— methanolic extracts obtained by conventional extraction; UAE—methanol extracts obtained by ultrasound-assisted extraction.  
\end{table} 
Table 5: Analysis of variance (ANOVA) results for the studied responses of biscuits: DPPH\({}_{\text{CE}}\), DPPH\({}_{\text{UAE}}\), color, odor, texture, flavor, overall acceptability, and purchase intent. Additionally, determination coefficients (R\({}^{2}\)) and adjusted R\({}^{2}\) were calculated to estimate the proposed models' goodness of fit (Table 5). The R\({}^{2}\) values (0.9664-0.9969) ensure a satisfactory fit of the proposed models to represent actual relationships between the responses (DPPH\({}_{\rm{CE}}\), DPPH\({}_{\rm{UAE}}\), color, odor, flavor, overall acceptability, and purchase intent) and the independent variables (RPC content and SAFA content).