## 3 Results
### Mann-Kendall Test for Spatial-Temporal Analysis  
The results of the statistical tests, which will enable further and deeper investigation into spatial-temporal changes, show that the GLI, EVI, NDVI, and SAVI vegetation indices calculated for the Planet Scope satellite over a short time interval, from May to July 2018-2023, do not tend to change within a 95% confidence range (Table 6). According to the MKKY test, the NDVI and SAVI values show a significant decreasing trend in June at the \(\alpha=0.05\) significance level, as indicated by \(p<\alpha\) (\(p=0.002\)) and \(Z=-3.023\) (NDVI) and \(p=0.03\), \(Z=-2.951\) (SAVI), with \(|Z|>1.96\), correspondingly. The GLI index also shows a significant trend revealed by the MKKY test in May and June, where \(p=0.027\) (\(p<\alpha\)), \(Z=2.209\) (\(|Z|<1.96\)), Tau = 0.466 (moderate increasing trend), Sen's slope = 0.031 (increasing trend [90; 91]), and \(p=0.027\) (\(p<\alpha\)), \(Z=2.043\) (\(|Z|<1.96\)), Tau = 0.466 (moderate increasing trend), Sen's slope = 0.025 (increasing trend), respectively. Although several significant trends were observed, no consistent trend was detected for the GLI, EVI, NDVI, and SAVI vegetation indices from May to June 2018-2023. This is because only one of the tests (MKKY) recorded trends where Tau indicates a moderate decreasing trend (\(-0.6\) to \(0\)) for all indices from May to July, except for GLI, from \(0\) to \(0.466\). The results of the statistical tests of vegetation indices obtained from the Sentinel-2 satellite images for 2018-2023 (May-July) depict fixed changes for the GLI, NDVI, and SAVI vegetation indices. A significant trend of GLI values is observed in May, confirmed by the MK, MKKH, MKKY, and TFPW tests at the \(0.05\) significance level. The MK and MKKH tests show \(p=0.024\), with \(p<\alpha\), and \(|Z|=2.254\)\(|Z|>1.96\). However, \(Z=-2.254\) indicates a decreasing trend, which is supported by the Tau value of \(-0.866\). According to the MKKY, \(p=2.85\times 10^{-6}<0.05\), \(Z=-4.681\), and Tau = \(-0.866\). The TFPW test shows \(p=0.027\), \(p<\alpha\), with Z = \(-2.204\) and Tau = \(-1\), also indicating a decreasing trend. Thus, a significant decreasing trend is observed for GLI for short a time period (2018-2023) as indicated by four tests, except PW. For EVI, as well as in the case of Planet Scope, no changes were observed. A trend of the changes of the NDVI index was observed only in May by all applied tests. In May, the original MK and MKKH tests detected a significant trend at the \(\alpha=0.05\) significance level, with \(p=0.024\)\(p<\alpha\), \(Z=-2.254\) (\(|Z|>1.96\)), and Tau = \(-0.866\). With the MKKY test, \(p=3.83\times 10^{-8}\), \(p<\alpha\), Z = \(-5.498\), and Tau = \(-0.866\), indicating a significant decreasing trend. Descriptive parameters of the PW and TFPW tests, with the same values of \(p=0.027\), \(Z=-2.205\), and Tau = \(-1\), show a significant decreasing trend. The same values of \(p\) and \(Z\) for SAVI were recorded by the four tests, as was the case for NDVI, except for the MKKY test, where \(p=4.508\times 10^{-8}\) and Z = \(-5.469\) prove the significant decreasing trend. No significant increasing or decreasing trends were observed for the GLI, EVI, NDVI, and SAVI vegetation indices obtained from the Landsat satellite images between May and July of 2018-2023. An increasing trend for GLI was observed in July, as recorded only by the MKKY test and according to which \(p=0.005\)\(<\alpha\) and \(Z=2.753>1.96\). According to the MKKY test, a statistically significant trend in NDVI was observed only in June, where \(p=0.007\), \(p<\alpha\), \(|Z|=2.695>1.96\), Tau = \(0.533\) (moderate increasing), and Sen's slope = 0.032 (indicating an increasing trend). No trend in the EVI index values was registered by any of the tests. The MKKY test detected a statistically significant trend for SAVI values at the \(\alpha=0.05\) significance level in June, with \(p=0.008\), \(Z=2.623\), and \(|Z|>1.96\), indicating an increasing trend.