## 2 Advanced Oxidation Processes
### Sonochemical Methods
#### 3.1.2. Parabens Abatement by Photocatalysis
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Pollutant** & **Catalyst** & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Test**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Results and**} \\  & & & **Conditions** & **Conclusions** & **Reference** \\ \hline MP & \multirow{4}{*}{TiO\({}_{2}\) P25} & \(\bullet\) & UVA radiation. & \multirow{2}{*}{\(10\) mg/L of MP in deionized water. 2 g/L of catalyst.} & \multirow{2}{*}{\(\bullet\)} & Degradation of 94\% in 120 min. & [7] \\  & & & & \\ \cline{4-5}  & & & & \\ \cline{4-5}  & & & & \\ \cline{4-5}  & & & & \\ \cline{4-5}  & & & & \\ \hline MP & \multirow{4}{*}{Monolith-supported perovskite} & \(\bullet\) & UV radiation & \multirow{2}{*}{\(\bullet\)} & \multirow{2}{*}{\(\bullet\)} \\  & & & & \\ \cline{4-5}  & & & & \\ \cline{4-5}  & & & & \\ \cline{4-5}  & & & & \\ \cline{4-5}  & & & & \\ \hline BP & \multirow{4}{*}{TiO\({}_{2}\)} & \(\bullet\) & UVA radiation. 10 mg/L of BP in deionized water 2.5 g/L of catalyst. & Removal of about 5\% and 85\% for adsorption (dark) and photocatalysis in 120 min. & [32] \\ \hline MP, EP, PP, and BuP & \multirow{4}{*}{I-Bi\({}_{4}\)O\({}_{5}\)Br\({}_{2}\)} & \(\bullet\) & UV lamp with Vis radiation filter. 1 g/L of catalyst 1 0 mg/L of parabens. & \multirow{4}{*}{\(\bullet\)} & PP removal: 24.4\%, 49.4\%, 90.6\%, 90.7\%, 94.5\%, 91.8\%, & \multirow{4}{*}{[33]} \\  & & & & \\ \cline{4-5}  & & & 1 g/L of catalyst & & \\ \cline{4-5}  & & & 10 mg/L of parabens. & & \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\begin{tabular}{c c c} \hline  & & & \multirow{2}{*}{\(\bullet\)} & PP removal: about 95\%, 88\%, 75\%, 45\%, and 22\% for 1000, 1500, 500, 250, and 125 mg/L \\  & & & & & \\ \cline{4-5}  & & & & & \\ \cline{4-5}  & & & & & \\ \cline{4-5}  & & & & & \\ \cline{4-5}  & & & & & \\ \cline{4-5}  & & & & & \\ \hline PP & \multirow{4}{*}{Al-TiO\({}_{2}\)} & \(\bullet\) & Parabens mixture solution of 1 mg/L in ultrapure water. 25 g/L of catalyst. & Maximum degradation (60 min) was 25\% for UVA and 80\% using solar light. & [88] \\ \cline{4-5}  & & & & & \\ \cline{4-5}  & & & & \\ \cline{4-5}  & & & & \\ \cline{4-5}  & & & & \\ \hline MP, EP and PP & \multirow{4}{*}{TiO\({}_{2}\)/NT} & \(\bullet\) & Parabens mixture solution of 1 mg/L in ultrapure water. 25 g/L of catalyst. & \multirow{4}{*}{\(\bullet\)} & Degradation of parabens of \(<\) 15\%, 48\%, 40\%, 15\%, & \multirow{4}{*}{[91]} \\  & & & & & \\ \cline{4-5}  & & & & & \\ \cline{4-5}  & & & & & \\ \cline{4-5}  & & & & & \\ \hline BP & \multirow{4}{*}{TiO\({}_{2}\)} & \(\bullet\) & Polarabens mixture solution of 10 mg/L in ultrapure water. 25 g/L of catalyst. & \multirow{4}{*}{\(\bullet\)} & EP removal was 63.1\% for lab 12 h, and about 17.94\% and 45.88\% at pilot scale, after 2 h \\ \cline{4-5}  & & & & & \\ \cline{4-5}  & & & & & \\ \cline{4-5}  & & & & & \\ \cline{4-5}  & & & & & \\ \hline EP & \multirow{4}{*}{TiO\({}_{2}\)} & \(\bullet\) & Polarabens mixture solution of 10 mg/L in ultrapure water. 25 g/L of catalyst. & Degradation of parabens of \(<\) 1500, 500, 250, and 125 mg/L \\ \cline{4-5}  & & & & & \\ \cline{4-5}  & & & & & \\ \cline{4-5}  & & & & \\ \cline{4-5}  & & & & & \\ \hline BP & \multirow{4}{*}{TiO\({}_{2}\) P25} & \(\bullet\) & UVA radiation. 16 mg/L parabens concentration. 25 g/L of catalyst. & Best results at pH = 4 with 43.6\% and 45.3\% for EP and 12 g/L of catalyst. & [95] \\ \cline{4-5}  & & & & & \\ \cline{4-5}  & & & & \\ \cline{4-5}  & & & & \\ \cline{4-5}  & & & & \\ \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 3: _Cont._