### Proposed Approach  
This article sets out to answer the previously introduced research question through the optimization of the ideal stock at the warehouse of a company, considered a multi-layered warehouse system with regular warehousing, storage tanks, and cold storage. It brings novelty as the under-researched topic of ideal stock is addressed through a many-objective optimization problem, considering the risk of shortage, holding costs, and sustainability, through energy consumption. This combination was not found in any published research. In contrast to safety stock-based strategies, the optimization of the ideal stock offers a more resilient alternative, with the capacity of being focused on the overarching goal of optimizing output, instead of purely offering a safety level. Furthermore, different storage locations are considered for the stocks to be optimized, each with their respective energy consumption. This strategy and the energy consumption modelling is also novel. It is modelled uniquely for each type of storage location, heavily influenced by the works conducted by [PERSON] and [PERSON] [34], [PERSON] [35], [PERSON] et al. [36], [PERSON] et al. [37]. Finally, the shortage risk is modelled through a novel, dimensionless approach, comprised of three components--a risk of immediate shortage, shortage considering one standard deviation from the suppliers' lead time, and a general measure of capacity to fulfil material requirements. The research is focused on many-objective optimization due to its role in the industry, where decision-makers are not substituted, but rather, their work is facilitated. This comes from the fact that the optimization does not output a single solution but rather a series of optimal solutions. Sustainability can also have a bigger role, as profit does not have to be the only objective any longer--while profit tends to be the biggest focus of companies, adding a sustainability objective in a problem may skew the decision-making process, if the results show that some solutions may have considerable improvements in sustainability at a small cost in profit. Bringing forward these scenarios and effectively improving decision-makers' visibility into possible decision strategies has extensive advantages. Not only are they cost-effective analyses, as cost is always an objective, but they also contribute to smart planning, energy efficiency, and overall environmentally friendly logistics systems. Furthermore, this approach contributes to energy management in manufacturing execution systems (MES), as stock management is a central aspect of it. The results from Table 1 show that the proposed approach tackles a not very explored problem. Regarding the optimization type, six works considered a single objective, four considered two objectives, and three considered more than two (specifically, they all considered three objectives). The proposed approach is initially formulated as a three-objective problem but is relaxed into a five-objective optimization problem. The advantages of many-objective optimization problems have been addressed. Regarding the objectives considered, it can be seen that only a single publication simultaneously addresses holding, shortage, and sustainability. Unsurprisingly for inventory management problems, all publications consider the holding cost, and many (8 out of 13) consider a sustainability component--interestingly, only the older publication disregards sustainability. Only five publications consider shortage costs, with most not allowing for shortage. The least explored component in inventory management regards storage type. Indeed, most publications simply disregard this component--in these cases, articles were classified as regarding general warehouses. The proposed approach gives a considerable focus on the storage type and considers three