## 2 Materials and Methods  
Six adult individual New Zealand White rabbits weighing 3.0-3.5 kg were evaluated. Two implants were placed in each rabbit's left and right tibia, for a total of 24 implants in the experiment, which were divided into the following groups (Figure 1): SLA surface-treated titanium implants (Dentist implant, Daegu, Republic of Korea) placed using only a scalpel (Carl Martin GmbH, Solingen, Germany) and a motor implant drill (Saeshin Precision Co., Ltd., Daegu, Republic of Korea); femtosecond laser surface-treated titanium implants (Dentis) placed using only the scalpel and motor implant drill; SLA surface-treated titanium implants placed using the BLP10 (Saeshin Precision Co., Ltd., Daegu, Republic of Korea); and femtosecond laser surface-treated titanium implants placed using the BLP10 (Saeshin Precision Co., Ltd., Daegu, Republic of Korea). Ethylene oxide gas sterilization was performed on all experimental materials and equipment that came into contact with experimental animals. The experiments were performed in a fully sterile ward, and rabbits were anesthetized by intramuscular injection of ketamine (35 mg/kg), xylazine (5 mg/mL), and respiratory anesthesia using isoflurane 1-2%. The rabbit proximal tibas were thoroughly shaved before the procedure; skin and perisotecal incisions were made using instruments tailored to each group; and an implant drill was used to form the implant placement hole using an initial drill at 1200 rpm, a 2.8 mm diameter twist drill, and a 3.3 mm diameter twist drill sequentially. The implant, with a diameter of 3.9 mm and a length of 7 mm, was then placed with a torque of 50 N. The position of the implant fixture top was adjusted using a hand torque ratchet to be located 0.5-1.0 mm below the cortical bone level of the tibia. Immediately after implantation, the implant stability quotient (ISQ) was measured using Oostell Beacon(r) (Oostell AB, Gothenburg, Sweden): three sets of measurements per sample were performed in the proximal/distal axis direction and in the medial/lateral axis direction. The cover screw was tightened, sutured, and disinfected using povidone-iodine (Figure 2). No additional treatment was performed on the suture area after surgery, and meloxicam (0.2 mg/kg subcutaneously [SC]) and gentamicin (5 mg/kg SC) were administered for 3 days after application. After the experimental animals awoke from anesthesia, their breathing and reactions were observed, and if there were no abnormalities, they were moved to a breeding room and raised under experimental conditions. After surgery, the experimental animals were observed for adverse reactions at least once a day, and their bodyweight was measured weekly. The soft-tissue healing pattern was recorded and observed, visually and with photography, 0, 1, 2, 3, 7, 14, 21, 28, and 42 days after surgery. Of the six experimental animals, three were sacrificed through rapid intravenous infusion of potassium chloride solution under local anesthesia on Day 28 after surgery (4W group), and the remaining three animals were sacrificed using the same method on Da 42 after surgery (6W group). To evaluate the osseointegration of the implant fixtures, the following tests were performed on each implant placed in the animal tibas. The ISQ value was measured using Oostell Beacon(r) (Oostell AB) and Oostell SmartPeg(r) (Oostell AB) equipment, three times per sample in the proximal/distal axis direction and three times per sample in the medial/lateral axis direction. In addition, through micro-CT imaging, tissue within 5 mm of the surrounding bone, including the fixture, and up to 2 mm below the fixture (region of interest: 6.0 \(\times\) 6.0 \(\times\) 6.0 mm)  
Figure 1: Schematic diagram of tibial implant placement. FEMTO, femtosecond laser; SLA, sand-blasted, large-grit, acid-etched. was observed and recorded immediately after autopsy. Quantum FX micro-CT (Caliper Life Sciences, Hopkinton, MA, USA) was used. The sample on which micro-CT imaging was completed was fixed, and a resin block was produced.