## 1 Introduction  
The power transportation network construction in China has the characteristics of large scale, long distance, and high coverage. It is used to transmit energy over long distances within the country and enables China to lead the development of renewable energy globally. The Loess Plateau has long been a critical region of the interaction between human activities and natural processes, and it is also the top priority of China's \"Belt and Road\" strategic layout. However, loess has poor shear resistance, porous structure, and collapsibility. The terrain in the Loess Plateau region is undulating, with steep slopes and complex geological conditions, posing significant challenges to maintaining slope stability during engineering construction. With the continuous advancement of social development and engineering construction, the disturbance of the loess layers by human engineering activities can easily destroy their natural structure and reduce the bearing capacity of the foundation. These factors contribute to the frequent occurrence of geological disasters in the loess region [1], accounting for one-third of all geological disasters in China and posing significant threats to infrastructure, agriculture, and the safety of people's lives and property [2]. Therefore, effectively implementing disaster mitigation and risk prevention measures in the Loess Plateau has become an urgent issue that needs to be addressed. The early identification of geological hazards plays a key role in disaster mitigation and risk prevention, serving as an essential step in disaster prevention and reduction and comprehensive risk management. Traditional methods of early identification of geological hazards primarily rely on field surveys and monitoring, including geological surveys, leveling measurements, and Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSSs). These methods can obtain accurate and reliable point-to-point deformation information [3]. However, for the early identification of geological hazards over large areas, especially in rugged and steep mountainous regions, there are often significant limitations [4], including challenges in achieving comprehensive monitoring coverage, time-consuming and labor-intensive processes, and difficulties in accessing certain locations. In recent years, with the rapid development of remote sensing technology, these issues have been effectively addressed. Remote sensing technology mainly includes two categories: optical remote sensing and radar remote sensing. Compared to traditional monitoring methods, remote sensing technology can acquire multi-phase and multi-scale surface deformation data through satellites, high-resolution imaging, and LiDAR, allowing for large-scale, rapid, and high-precision monitoring [3; 5]. These technologies not only improve the early identification of geological hazards but also are better suited for disaster warning and response. They can quickly identify potential risk areas and provide a scientific basis for disaster monitoring, risk assessment, and subsequent preventive measures [6]. Compared to optical remote sensing, radar remote sensing obtains surface deformation information through microwave signal transmission. It features all-weather operation, strong penetration capability, high sensitivity, and high temporal resolution, making it widely used in geological hazard research [7]. As a common radar remote sensing technology, small baseline subset interferometric synthetic aperture radar (SBAS-InSAR) technology has been widely used in the research of geological disasters, such as landslide identification, ground subsidence, and earthquakes, since its proposal [8; 9]. By processing multi-period SAR data through a singular value decomposition (SVD) algorithm, it effectively overcomes the problems of decorrelation and other issues in differential InSAR (D-InSAR) technology [10] and also improves the accuracy of monitoring. Numerous studies have shown that SBAS-InSAR technology has good applicability in both urban and mountainous areas [11; 12].