## 8 Comparative Review of CIPP and ET  
Table 1 shows a comprehensive comparative review of CIPP and ET with a list of author(s), year of publication, impact parameter(s), focused area method, analysis method used, key findings, and research gaps. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Author(s)** & **Year** & **Impact** & **Focused Area** & **Analysis Method** & **Key Findings** & & **Research Gaps** \\  & **Parameter(s)** & **Method** & **Used** & & & & \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{[PERSON] [56]} & \multirow{4}{*}{2012} & Aquatic Toxicity, & \multirow{4}{*}{CIPP} & Flowing Water & \(\bullet\) & Vinylic monomer & \(\bullet\) & Comparative studies are \\  & & & & Test, Immersion & & & needed to understand the \\  & & & & Test of Linear & & concentrations were higher & long-term ecological impacts of \\  & & & & Test of Linear & & & \\  & & & & & & & \\  & & & Section & & & & \\  & & & & & & & \\  & & & & & & & \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{[PERSON] [28]} & \multirow{4}{*}{2012} & \multirow{4}{*}{Carbon Emissions} & \multirow{4}{*}{ET} & \multirow{4}{*}{RS Means} & \multirow{4}{*}{Water quality issues were reported in Washington.} & \(\bullet\) & Future research should include \\  & & & & & & & \\  & & & & & & & \\  & & & & & & & \\  & & & & & & & \\  & & & & & & & \\  & & & & & & & \\  & & & & & & & \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{Penders and Melendre [19]} & \multirow{4}{*}{2012} & \multirow{4}{*}{\begin{tabular}{c} Supreme Emissions, \\ \begin{tabular}{c} Alquatic Toxicity, \\ \end{tabular}  } & \multirow{4}{*}{CIPP} & \multirow{4}{*}{CIPP} & \multirow{4}{*}{ \begin{tabular}{c} Department of \\ Transportation \\ (DOT) of Virginia \\ \end{tabular}  } & \multirow{4}{*}{Water quality issues were reported in Washington.} & \(\bullet\) & Study highlighting the effect of \\  & & & & & & \\  & & & & & & \\  & & & & & & \\  & & & & & & \\  & & & & & & \\  & & & & & & \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{ \begin{tabular}{c} [PERSON] \\ et al. [50] \\ \end{tabular}  } & \multirow{4}{*}{2014} & Environmental & \multirow{4}{*}{ET} & \multirow{4}{*}{EVE} & ET has a 66.2\% higher & \multirow{4}{*}{ \begin{tabular}{c} Environmental monitoring is mainly \\ toxic to Dphoma. \\ \end{tabular}  } \\  & & & & & & & \\  & & & & & & \\  & & & & & & \\  & & & & & & \\  & & & & & & \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{ \begin{tabular}{c} [PERSON] et al. [7] \\ \end{tabular}  } & \multirow{4}{*}{2014} & \multirow{4}{*}{ \begin{tabular}{c} Styrene Emissions, \\ Non-Styrene Emissions, \\ \end{tabular}  } & \multirow{4}{*}{CIPP} & \multirow{4}{*}{ \begin{tabular}{c} Simple Collection, \\ Water Quality, \\ Analysis, \\ Solid-Phase \\ Microextraction \\ \end{tabular}  } & \multirow{4}{*}{ \begin{tabular}{c} Styrene emissions were \\ higher at the culvert outlet. \\ The condensate released \\ during curing process was \\ toxic to Dphoma magna. \\ \end{tabular}  } & \multirow{4}{*}{\ \begin{tabular}{c} Environmental monitoring is mainly \\ focused on styrene. There should be \\ additional research to study the \\ implications of \\ non-styrene compounds. \\ \end{tabular}  } \\  & & & & & & \\  & & & & & \\  & & & & & \\  & & & & & \\  & & & & & \\  & & & & & \\  & & & & & \\  & & & & & \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{ \begin{tabular}{c} Berglund [20] \\ \end{tabular}  } & \multirow{4}{*}{2015} & \multirow{4}{*}{CIPP, ET} & \multirow{4}{*}{CIPP, ET} & \multirow{4}{*}{CIPP-lining method is environmentally preferable.} & \(\bullet\) & The comparative LCA of this \\  & & & & & study does not consider the \\  & & & & & & \\  & & & & & & \\  & & & & & & \\  & & & & & \\  & & & & & \\  & & & & & \\  & & & &  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Author(s)** & **Year** & \begin{tabular}{c} **Impact** \\ **Parameter(s)** \\ \end{tabular}  & \begin{tabular}{c} **Focused Area** \\ **Method** \\ \end{tabular}  & \begin{tabular}{c} **Analysis Method** \\ **Used** \\ \end{tabular}  & \begin{tabular}{c} **Key Findings** \\ \end{tabular}  & \multicolumn{1}{c}{**Research Gaps**} \\ \hline Currier [57] & 2017 &