# Eye-Tracking Investigation of the Train Driver's: A Case Study
## 1 Introduction
The experiment was performed in a full flight simulator Airbus 330 certified for airline training. The cockpit was divided into twelve fields of interest, and pilots had to perform flights beginning from a specified altitude, followed by descent and landing. This experiment shows how eye movements effectively inform the assessment of pilots' performance, as well as the instruction of novice pilots. The application of eye trackers within driving simulators has been acknowledged to be an efficient method of recognizing the nature of the driving task and improving driver training strategies, as well as preventing road traffic accidents. [PERSON] and [PERSON]'s study demonstrated that inexperienced drivers were observed to have a more protracted fixation on stimuli than experienced drivers. This indicates that novices require additional time to process visual information from the scene [29]. The research of [PERSON] and [PERSON] showed that the use of the road section with tangent points increases with experience and then decreases as drivers learn to optimize the pattern of their visual surveillance and search [30]. [PERSON]'s driving study investigates the impact of environmental factors such as clutter, illumination, and age on the visual search for traffic signs in images of driving scenes. Results from the study revealed considerable differences in the number of errors, reaction times, number of fixations, and average fixation duration between older and younger participants. Due to the rapidly aging driving population, the authors recommend reducing the number of advertisements near roads, removing superfluous traffic signs, and making them more prominent for the drivers, thereby augmenting road safety [31]. [PERSON] and [PERSON]'s research on mental activity during driving suggests the advisability of raising drivers' awareness about the possible effects of driving. At the same time, the study indicates that fixation on thoughts unrelated to driving could be reduced by diminishing the windows and mirrors in the car, which would result in a decreased probability of detecting traffic events [32]. An analysis of driving behavior revealed that eye-tracking technology was primarily employed in aviation and automotive experiments, with a lack of experiments devoted to other modes of transportation. A survey of the Web of Science database uncovered a few studies on the evaluation of driver behavior with user testing technology in railway transport systems:  
* [PERSON] et al. explored the visual task of train driving by utilizing a corneal dark eye-tracking system to track the visual search and scanning patterns of train drivers. Data collected from the system included the duration and frequency of glances towards different aspects of the dynamic scene both inside and outside the train cab. The primary focus of the experiment was the visual scene in front of the train [33]. * [PERSON] et al. conducted an in-depth examination of the driver's attention during train operation. The study analyzed two common processes during the train driver's work: locomotion on the tracks (without stops) and locomotion through the train station (with stops at the station) [9]. * [PERSON] and [PERSON] investigate the performance-shaping factors associated with holistic design considerations of metro systems, and further evaluate their influence on driver behavior through the implementation of eye-tracking techniques in a case study [34]. * [PERSON] et al. investigated the particularity of train drivers' fatigue in a high-speed railway context [35]. * [PERSON] et al. conducted an explorative eye-tracking study in a real-world setting with conventional and European Rail Traffic Management System drivers on their regularly scheduled routes. The results of this study offered a more comprehensive qualitative examination of the cause of the transition in the standard visual attentional strategy from observation of the tracks to speed information inside the cab [36]. * [PERSON] et al.