# Emotional Response to Vibrothermal Stimuli
## 3 Results
Finally, increasing the dynamic temperature from cold to hot, decreases the V of the emotional response. The effect of temperature on A is more interesting. In agreement with the analysis of the means, temperature does not have a significant effect on the A-space, but upon closer observation, individual patterns might have a unique A-response to temperature. For example, from Figures 7 and 8, pattern 8 (_spine up_) at a short duration, has (V, A) = (0.03, \(-\)0.06) at a hot dynamic temperature, and (V, A) = (0.42, 0.26) at a cold dynamic temperature, implying that increasing the dynamic temperature of pattern 8 decreased A by 0.32. Though V decreased upon an increase in temperature as expected, arousal significantly decreased \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c} \hline \hline
**Factor** & **Dependent Variable** & **Statistics** & **Partial Eta Squared** \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{Pattern} & V & F = 2.675; \(p\) = 0.003 & 0.082 \\ \cline{2-4}  & A & F = 6.736; \(p\) = 0 & 0.183 \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{Duration} & V & F = 9.173; \(p\) = 0.005 & 0.234 \\ \cline{2-4}  & A & F = 17.031; \(p\) = 0 & 0.362 \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{Temperature} & V & F = 4.564; \(p\) = 0.041 & 0.132 \\ \cline{2-4}  & A & F = 0.006; \(p\) = 0.938 & 0 \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{Pattern \(\times\) Duration} & V & F = 1.462; \(p\) = 0.144 & 0.046 \\ \cline{2-4}  & A & F = 1.71; \(p\) = 0.07 & 0.054 \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{Pattern \(\times\) Temperature} & V & F = 1.129; \(p\) = 0.338 & 0.036 \\ \cline{2-4}  & A & F = 0.604; \(p\) = 0.825 & 0.02 \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{Duration \(\times\) Temperature} & V & F = 1.385; \(p\) = 0.249 & 0.044 \\ \cline{2-4}  & A & F = 1.078; \(p\) = 0.307 & 0.035 \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{Pattern \(\times\) Duration \(\times\) Temperature} & V & F = 1.222; \(p\) = 0.271 & 0.039 \\ \cline{2-4}  & A & F = 0.947; \(p\) = 0.495 & 0.031 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 1: Results of the three-way repeated measures ANOVA on emotional response to vibrothermal stimuli. with an increase in temperature. At a longer duration, pattern 8 does not display a large change in A from cold to hot: (V, A) = (1.26, 0.87) \(\rightarrow\) (0.65, 0.97). On the other hand, increasing the dynamic temperature for pattern 7 (_6 motor burst_) at a short duration has the following effect: (V, A) = (0.23, \(-\)0.06) \(\rightarrow\) (\(-\)0.03, 0.23); here, V is decreased as expected, but A is increased by 0.29. At a longer duration of pattern 7, increasing dynamic temperature results in (V, A) = (0.48, 0.94) \(\rightarrow\) (0.45, 1.00); here, V and A are slightly decreased and increased, respectively. Hence, the design of spatiotemporal vibrotactile patterns may have a significant effect on human response to dynamic temperature. Figure 8: Emotional response due to change in duration at cold dynamic temperature. The apostrophe is used to distinguish the same pattern at different states of duration similar to Figure 7.  
Figure 7: Emotional response due to change in duration at hot dynamic temperature. The apostrophe is used to describe the same pattern at the two states of duration; for example, pattern 1 at a long duration is represented by a circle enumerated as 1 and a short duration is represented by a filled circle enumerated as 1\({}^{\prime}\).