## 4 Challenges and Barriers
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c} \hline \hline
**Publication** & **Focus** & **Findings** & **Challenges and Barriers** \\ \hline [PERSON] et al. & Standardization in & Analyzed urinalysis parameters like clarity, color, pH, etc. Identified multiple names, reference intervals, inconsistent data & Issues with multiple names/reference intervals, inconsistent presentation, and manual entry errors. & Issues with multiple names/reference intervals, inconsistent presentation, and lack of method information. \\ \hline [PERSON] (2017) [49] & Opinions on & Surveyed 322 nurses about EHRs. Found & Uncertainty about EHR benefits, \\  & Electronic Health & uncertainty about EHRs’ impact on work & minimal consultative input from stakeholders. \\  & Records (EHRs) in & efficiency, patient safety, and overall benefits. & stakeholders. \\ \hline [PERSON] et al. & Cooperation and & Discussed the need for cooperation among & Problems with coordination \\  & communication in & governing bodies and effective communication. & among stakeholders, slow \\  & standardization & Identified issues with overlooked areas and & progress, and \\  & development & process delays in Poland. & communication gaps. \\ \hline [PERSON] et al. & Comparison of & Compared Polish and English medical Case & Challenges in adapting \\  & Polish and English & Descriptions. Found similar structures in the & English-based solutions to \\  & medical & Introduction, Case Description, & Polish, but noted structural \\  & descriptions & and Discussion. & similarities. \\ \hline Instytut Komunikcaji & Analysis of English & Compared case report structures in English & Differences in structural \\  & and Polish case & and Polish. Found repeatable schemas and & coherence and detail between \\  & report structures & similar grammatical structures, though English & English and Polish reports. \\  & reports were more structured. & & \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 2: Key publications on the challenges and barriers of standardizing medical descriptions for the Polish language. erence interval for erythrocytes was given using \"0-3\" or \"\(<\)3\", which means the same thing. Overall, the authors identified eleven different reference intervals for erythrocytes. Abbreviations and terms too general to describe the findings were also noted as factors that increased ambiguity. The authors also noted that information about the methods used was not included. Frontline representatives also highlighted concerns about a lack of communication throughout the process and minimal or nonexistent consultative input. They assert that their involvement in shaping the policy was confined to minor details and did not influence the core issues they had identified. Additionally, the absence of a prototyping phase in the project became evident when practical issues surfaced following the policy's implementation. Similar interviews were conducted in Poland. In [49], the author surveyed nurses and asked them about their opinions about EHRs and the benefits stemming from their usage. Overall, 322 respondents took part in the survey. Most responses indicated that respondents are unsure about the impact of standardization in nursing. In total, 45.9% were uncertain whether or not EHRs would make their work easier, 52.1% were unsure about patient safety, and 47.1% were uncertain whether EHRs are safer than paper documentation. Another issue that might play a part in the success of developing and implementing standards is the cooperation of governing bodies. It is vital that all involved parties are on the same side, and the flow of information allows for effective communication. Delimiting responsibilities for each step of the process and a means of validating progress is crucial for the success of the process. In Poland, these problems appeared, causing some areas to be overlooked and slowing down the whole process [50]. An essential aspect of improving the quality of standards and earning the trust of medical practitioners is to have them involved in the process.