## 1 Introduction
This process is fundamental for advancing scientific understanding, as it ensures that the tools used in research produce accurate and consistent results. In practical applications, such as sports performance analysis and athlete monitoring, reliable measurements are crucial for developing effective training programs and interventions [15]. The ability to trust the data from various instruments allows coaches and sports scientists to tailor their approaches based on accurate assessments, ultimately enhancing the effectiveness of interventions in assessment and monitoring. Furthermore, validating and ensuring agreement between different measurement tools facilitates cross-study comparisons and meta-analyses, which are essential for building a comprehensive body of knowledge in any field [9]. Traditional radar guns present drawbacks related to their cost and weight [16]. Nonetheless, advancements in technology have ushered in a new era of more budget-friendly alternatives. For instance, affordable options like the Bushnell or Pocket radar speed radar gun have gained popularity among trainers and researchers alike, particularly due to their standalone functionality without the need for extra equipment [11]. These modern devices offer a practical solution for those who may not have the resources to invest in high-end equipment but still require accurate and reliable data. The increased accessibility of these affordable radar guns has democratized the use of velocity measurement technology, making it available to a wider range of users, from amateur sports teams to academic researchers. Despite their lower cost, these devices maintain a high level of accuracy, enabling more inclusive participation in performance monitoring and research activities across different levels of sports and athletic training [17]. The research conducted by [PERSON] and [PERSON] [11] highlighted a robust correlation between Pocket radar guns and the widely accepted Stalker radar guns, suggesting a remarkable degree of accuracy and dependability (ICC = 0.99, r \(\approx\) 0.98). This strong correlation underscores the potential of affordable radar guns to serve as reliable alternatives to more expensive models, ensuring that coaches, athletes, and researchers can rely on the data these devices provide. Another study compared the Speedtrack X radar gun with the Pocket radar gun, shedding light on its efficacy in measuring tennis ball speed [17]. The above-mentioned study showed a strong correlation between the data obtained from the two devices (r = 0.932, \(p<\) 0.001), and the ICC of the measurements was also high (r = 0.964, \(p<\) 0.001) [17]. These studies collectively reinforce the validity of budget-friendly radar guns in various sports settings. However, despite the widespread utilization of radar guns in scientific studies, there persists a gap in the literature concerning the consistency of the Bushnell radar gun when compared to established benchmarks. This gap is notable given the increasing number of articles utilizing this instrument [18; 19]. Addressing this gap is essential to confirm whether the Bushnell radar gun can be confidently used in both practice and research without compromising the accuracy of speed measurements. To address this gap, our study undertook simultaneous testing to assess the compatibility between the Bushnell radar gun and a recognized gold-standard radar gun (Stalker). By comparing two devices with similar characteristics, we aimed to identify any structural or technical discrepancies that could impact their performance and utility in various applications [20]. By assessing both throwing and kicking activities, this study provides a thorough evaluation of the Bushnell radar gun's performance across different sports movements. This comparative analysis highlights the importance of understanding the performance of technologies, aiding users and researchers in making informed decisions.