## 3 Proposed Model of Territory Competitiveness in Wind Energy and Research Methodology
### Data and Variables  
#### 3.2.1 Basic Resources  
Apart from wind speed, other factors may favor the development of wind energy in the territory. In order to quantify this variable, a methodology based on a multi-criteria analysis (MCA) with a geographic information system (GIS) is suggested, aimed to obtain an indicator called available territorial resource index (see Figure 2). In the following paragraphs, we explain the stages of the proposed methodological framework. Stage 1: Identification and selection of criteria. The process starts with the identification and selection of the critical criteria for the evaluation of the territory resources involved in the development of wind energy (Table 1). In this sense, the literature suggests that resources should be classified into factors that favor the wind energy [47; 48; 49; 50; 51; 52; 53; 54; 55; 56] and constraints [47; 48; 51; 52; 54; 57; 58; 59; 60]. These data stemmed from GRAFCAN, the official supplier of geographical information in the Canaries. Stage 2: Data collection and thematic layers processing. In the second stage, the criteria are added to the GIS via different thematic layers from the geo-information available in the Spatial Data Infrastructure (IDECanarias). In stages 3 and 4, the scheme presented in Figure 3 will be followed. Figure 2: Methodology for available territorial resource map and index. Stage 3: Territory resource map and territory constraint map. In order to create the territory resource map (TRM), the thematic layers adopt a raster format. As these layers have different measurement units, it is necessary to standardize them in order to carry out a joint analysis. In this case, a fuzzy standardization is used (between the values 0 and 1). To this end, it is necessary to identify the critical point of transition between 0 and 1 in each factor (Table 1). Furthermore, not all factors influence with equal weight. In order to assign this weight, we create a square matrix where the pairwise comparison of the factors can be carried out [61]. We assign a value to each element of the matrix, which represents the relative importance of the factor in the row and column, using a scale from 9 (most importance) to 1/9 (least importance). A consistency ratio of 0.08 is obtained; a value below 0.1 is suitable [62]. Once the accurate weights are calculated, each pixel takes on a suitable value through the linear weighted summation [63] of the thematic layers that represent the different factors. In the territory resource map (see Figure 4), the most suitable areas will take on a value closer to 1, and the least suitable areas will take on values closer to 0. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c} \hline \hline \multicolumn{3}{c}{**Factors**} \\ \hline Wind speed & Less than 4 m/s = 0 & More than 10 m/s = 1 \\ Slopes & More than 60\% = 0 & Less than 10\% = 1 \\ Visual impact & Visible from more than 4 villages = 0 & Visible from 0 villages = 1 \\ Proximity to electricity lines & More than 2000 m = 0 & Less than 300 m = 1 \\ Land use & Incompatible area = 0 & Compatible area = 1 \\ Proximity to urban areas & More than 5000 m = 0 & Less than 1000 = 1 \\ Proximity to road access & More than 2000 m = 0 & Less than 300 m = 1 \\ \multicolumn{3}{c}{**Constraints**} \\ \multicolumn{3}{c}{Protected areas} & Perimeter \\ Water reservoirs & Perimeter \\ Airports & Perimeter \\ \multicolumn{3}{c}{Roods} & Width \\ \multicolumn{3}{c}{Ravines} & 5 m from public water domain \\ Remote housing & A perimeter of the built-up areas \\ Population area & Perimeter \\ \multicolumn{3}{c}{Main roads} & 20 m from the center axis \\ Sea–land limits & 100 m inland from the shore \\ \multicolumn{3}{c}{Military areas} & Perimeter \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 1: Classification of factors and constraints. Figure 3: Geographic information system (GIS) model for stages 3 and 4. The next step in the process is the elaboration of the territory constraint map (TCM). The thematic layers that make up this map are in a vector format.