## 5 Conclusions  
In this study, a method was designed for the precise calculation of the pre-close wind volume in electrolytic aluminum production based on the UKF algorithm for aluminum extraction speed estimation and pre-close wind volume coefficient calculation. Through simulation experiments with actual production data and comparison with the traditional KF method, the advantages of the UKF in improving speed estimation accuracy and robustness were demonstrated. By introducing a self-correction mechanism and adjusting the pre-close wind volume coefficient, the AF was used to achieve precise calculation of the pre-close wind volume, providing theoretical and technical support for precise aluminum extraction in industrial electrolytic aluminum production.  
For the first time, the UKF method was used to estimate the speed of aluminum extraction, showing a superior filtering performance compared to the KF. During the first 6.25 s, the UKF provided smoother-state estimates and delivered a more accurate speed estimation (14.99441 kg\(\cdot\)s\({}^{-1}\)) when the system speed suddenly changed to 15 kg\(\cdot\)s\({}^{-1}\), with a relative error of only 0.0373%; this is in comparison to KF's speed estimation of 14.62115 kg\(\cdot\)s\({}^{-1}\) and relative error of 2.52%. Additionally, the computation time for the UKF algorithm was approximately 0.2 s, half that of the KF algorithm; this indicates that the UKF is more suitable for estimating the speed of aluminum extraction during the production of electrolytic aluminum.  
This study introduced a self-correction mechanism for the pre-close wind volume coefficient \(c\), based on the aluminum output deviation. After each aluminum extraction, the system adjusts parameter \(c\) according to the actual output deviation in order to calculate the optimal pre-close wind volume coefficient, precisely compensating for post-close wind volume overshoot. By using AF to mitigate interference and improve the compensation accuracy, this study ultimately achieved the precise calculation of the pre-close windvolume for aluminum electrolysis, providing a feasible solution for accurate aluminum output control.  
Conceptualization, [PERSON] and M.W.; methodology, [PERSON], [PERSON] and L.Z.; software, [PERSON] and M.W.; validation, [PERSON], [PERSON] and X.H.; formal analysis, [PERSON]; investigation, [PERSON] and [PERSON]; resources, [PERSON] and X.H.; data curation, [PERSON], [PERSON] and X.H.; writing--original draft preparation, [PERSON] and [PERSON]; writing--review and editing, [PERSON], [PERSON] and [PERSON]; visualization, [PERSON] and [PERSON]; supervision, [PERSON] and [PERSON]; project administration, [PERSON]; funding acquisition, [PERSON] All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.  
This research was funded by Bintuan Science and Technology Program, grant number 2023 AA003.  
Not applicable.  
Data Availability Statement: Data is contained within the article.  
The significant contribution of Shihezi JOINWORLD NEW MATERIAL Co., Ltd. to this research is greatly appreciated, particularly the contributions of [PERSON] and [PERSON]. We would like to express our sincere gratitude to them.  
The authors declare no conflicts of interest.  
The following abbreviations are used in this manuscript:  
UKFUnscented Kalman Filter  
AFAverage Filter  
KFKalman Filter  
PLCProgrammable Logic Controller  
UTUnscented Transformation  
EKFExtended Kalman Filter  
PFParticle Filter  
MWFMoving Window Filter