###### Abstract  
Recent advancements in 3D printing technology have enabled the rapid production of complex structures, yet the dielectric performance of 3D printing materials and their potential for manufacturing electrical components remain insufficiently studied. In this study, a capacitor rated at 10 kV with a capacitance of 1 nF was designed and developed for high-voltage applications. During the production of the capacitor, the insulating and conductive parts were fabricated using a 3D printer. While PLA, ABS, ASA, and PETG were employed as insulating materials, aluminum was chosen as the conductive part. Theoretical calculations and the finite element method were used to validate the measured capacitance of the equipment. The performance of the prototype capacitor was analyzed through partial discharge inception voltages (PDIV), dissipation factor (tan5), and breakdown voltage measurements. Dissipation factor measurements were performed at 2 and 4 kV voltages in the 50-400 Hz frequency range. The performance of employed materials was comparatively analyzed through experimental and simulation results. Finally, the impact of different insulating materials on the dielectric performance of the prototype capacitors was evaluated. high voltage; capacitor; electric field distribution; dissipation factor; partial discharge; 3D printer; ABS; PLA; ASA; PETG; insulation co-ordination +
Footnote †: journal: Applied sciences  
With developing technology, on-site and instant production has become possible. This technology also offers the advantage of producing insulation materials. Rapid prototyping is commonly known as three-dimensional (3D) printing. Three-dimensional printing technology is a tool that rapidly creates objects by layering materials according to digital model data, achieving this through a continuous process of layer-by-layer stacking and printing [13]. The first additive manufacturing process was developed by [PERSON] in 1986. Three-dimensional printing is favored for producing functional prototypes and small batches due to its rapid production capability. Moreover, additive manufacturing is the only method that can achieve certain geometric features of objects [14]. Three-dimensional printing technology is increasingly being incorporated into and integrated with various industries and fields [15]. This technology reduces material waste in the production of complex parts, the creation of innovative electronic devices, industrial design, model manufacturing, architectural design, jewelry, toys, ceramics, aerospace, education, clothing industries, and medical fields, making it a valuable tool for various industries [16; 17; 18; 19]. Three-dimensional printing technology is affected by printer cost, employed raw materials, structure, and performance [20]. It is essential to evaluate the insulation coordination in the insulating materials produced with 3D printing technology. It is necessary to examine the faults that may occur in the dielectric material and to reveal its characteristics by analyzing the material behavior. An effective solid insulator should have high dielectric strength, low dielectric loss, high mechanical strength, and a solid structure [21]. In addition, it should not contain foreign particles such as gas and moisture in its structure. Furthermore, it must withstand thermal and chemical degradation and remain unaffected by the environmental conditions in its usage area [22]. On the other hand, the dissipation factor, partial discharge, and breakdown voltage measurements are fundamental and widely recognized methods for evaluating the condition and performance of high-voltage insulating materials. In the study conducted by [PERSON] et al., kraft paper and polycarbonate (PC) materials were aged at different times at 90 \({}^{\circ}\)C, 110 \({}^{\circ}\)C, and 130 \({}^{\circ}\)C for a maximum of 300 days for each temperature value and were simultaneously exposed to a 3 kV/mm electric field [23].