## 1 Introduction  
As a widely distributed, clean, and pollution-free renewable energy with huge reserves, solar energy has been used on a large scale in many parts of the world, which has greatly promoted the simultaneous development of global energy conservation and carbon reduction undertakings and the world economy [1; 2; 3; 4]. PV power generation is the most mature technology, the most reliable operation, and the largest installed capacity of solar energy utilization, which plays a decisive function in the new energy utilization field [5; 6; 7; 8; 9]. Therefore, the strengthening mechanism and strategy of the output capacity of the PV system are still the hotspots of current research. Since the deposition and accumulation of aerosol particles is one of the main external factors affecting the output capacity of PV systems, it is of great theoretical guiding significance to study the deposition and accumulation law and mechanism of aerosol particles in the photovoltaic (PV) module to improve its output capacity [10; 11; 12; 13; 14; 15; 16]. Based on the above research background, [PERSON] et al. systematically studied the settlement and diffusion behavior of dust particles in roadways with different dip angles by numerical simulation combined with an experimental method pointing to the dip angle, elevation, and concave angle of roadways, which were the main factors affecting dust movement [17]. [PERSON] et al. carried out the carbon dust deposition test for the photovoltaic (PV) array to point out that the influence level of carbon dust deposition on photovoltaic (PV) power generation efficiency is greater than that of partial shadow occlusion [18]. [PERSON] et al. studied the effect of aerosol particle deposition on the output power of photovoltaic (PV) modules in Belgium, which showed that the aerosol particle deposition would lead to the loss of output power of photovoltaic (PV) modules by 3.00-4.00% when the photovoltaic (PV) modules installed with the local optimal inclination angle (35\({}^{\circ}\)) and considered the influence of regular rainfall [19]. [PERSON] et al. used FLUENT software ([[https://www.ansys.com/products/fluids/ansys-fluent](https://www.ansys.com/products/fluids/ansys-fluent)]([https://www.ansys.com/products/fluids/ansys-fluent](https://www.ansys.com/products/fluids/ansys-fluent))) to simulate the concentration and particle size distribution of environmental dust particles during tunnel drilling and compared it with the measured data [20]. [PERSON] et al. analyzed the deposition laws, morphological characteristics, and size distribution of aerosol particles on the TiN coating surface of solar collectors [21]. [PERSON] et al. studied the different influences of aerosol particle deposition on the output performance of photovoltaic (PV) modules in Cairo and Beni-Suef, Egypt [22]. [PERSON] et al. pointed out that the attenuation level of photovoltaic (PV) module output power had a linear relationship with the deposition density of aerosol particles [23]. Although the above-mentioned studies have analyzed the sedimentation characteristics of aerosol particles under different conditions, they have not considered the influence of particle morphology on particle settling behavior. However, particle morphology is related to the magnitude of the drag force experienced by aerosol particles, which is one of the main factors in studying particle sedimentation processes. Therefore, in the study of aerosol particles, especially in the numerical simulation of the deposition characteristics of micrometer-sized particles on the surface of photovoltaic modules, neglecting the morphological features of aerosol particles often leads to different degrees of error. For such studies, considering the influence of particle morphology on aerosol particle deposition is particularly important.