# Enhancing Industrial Processes Through Augmented Reality: A Scoping Review
## 4 Discussion
On the other hand, an SDK (software development kit) is a set of tools and libraries that allow developers to integrate specific functionalities into their applications. SDKs are not complete development platforms, but add-ons that are added to a graphics engine or other development environment to provide additional capabilities. **RQ3:** AR is emerging as a valuable technology in a variety of industrial processes. Its ability to provide visual information and interactive guidance is revolutionising the way tasks are performed in various industrial processes. In Figure 5 an analysis is presented based on the research of the number of industrial processes where AR is applied, supported by the existing literature. After interpreting the data provided, the industrial processes in which it is highly recommended to implement AR are as follows: maintenance, assembly, training/coaching and inspection. These processes have been supported by a larger number of articles, suggesting that the implementation of AR in these areas has been widely researched and considered beneficial. Other processes can also benefit from AR, but further evaluation based on specific needs and use cases is recommended. AR is most widely used in the maintenance process due to a combination of unique advantages that this technology offers to improve efficiency, accuracy and safety in various maintenance tasks [27; 28; 29; 30]. AR provides 3D animated instructions directly on the object or work area, making procedures easier to understand and reducing the possibility of errors. Technicians can receive remote assistance from expert engineers via HMD devices, transmitting live video of the work environment and receiving annotations and AR content superimposed on their field of view, which is especially useful in workshops where the physical presence of the expert is not necessary. In rail vehicle maintenance, AR is used to develop training content that visualises procedures in a 3D space, improving operator understanding and competence. **RQ4:** Implementing AR in industrial processes comes with a number of challenges and limitations that must be considered. One of the main obstacles is the learning curve associated with the technology. Operators and designers may need time and training to become familiar with the tools and techniques required to use the system effectively [31; 32]. In addition, the portable hardware used in AR requires significant computational power, which can be a technical challenge. Another important limitation is the initial cost of implementation is high, requiring significant investments in specialised hardware and software development tailored to the specific needs of each process. In addition, the narrow field of view of hardware such as HoloLens can limit the amount of information visible simultaneously, making it difficult to fully perceive fault icons in some situations. The initial installation and configuration of infrastructure such as wireless sensor networks (WSNs) for real-time monitoring can be costly [33; 34]. The creation of interactive 3D models and the implementation of AR technologies require a significant investment in time and money, which can be a barrier for some companies. The effectiveness of AR also depends on the quality and compatibility of the hardware used, which can result in additional costs for companies wishing to implement this technology. The AR system requires ongoing maintenance and upgrades to ensure optimal performance, which can demand additional resources and time. In addition, there may be resistance to change from workers and stakeholders accustomed to traditional methods, which may hinder the adoption of new technologies. Insufficient lighting and high dust can slow down and complicate initialisation and monitoring in the process. Implementing AR and motion capture systems is also costly, including hardware, software, and personnel training. Lighting conditions can affect display stability, which can be problematic in industrial environments.