# Indoor-Guided Navigation for People Who Are Blind: Crowdsourcing for Route Mapping and Assistance
## 1 Introduction
In the embedded settings, they work in the context of larger ETA systems, where other often specialized and more powerful sensory controlling devices and local mini PC or remote processing units (such as web cloud servers) are used [1; 6]. In this way, a mobile device becomes an embedded part of a larger networking system, where Web 2.0 services can be employed. Admittedly, a wide range of general-purpose social networks, web 2.0 media apps, and other innovative ICT (information and communication technology) tools are developed to improve navigation and orientation. Although they are not destined to meet the specialized requirements of people who are BSVI, some mobile ads make them useful. For instance, text (and image) to voice, tactile feedback, and other additional enabling navigation software and hardware solutions are helpful for this matter. However, the complexity and abundance of general-purpose features pose a significant challenge for people who are BSVI. According to [PERSON] et al. [7], the increasing volume of visual information and other data from social networks confuses BSVI users. In this way, the expansion of general-purpose vision-based web 2.0 social networks leaves behind specialized digital (audio and tactile) content accessibility for BSVI users [8]. Some approaches that are more focused on the needs of BSVI are required. In general, BSVI users are actively involved in social networks [9; 10; 11]. More than 90% of people who are BSVI actively use one or more general-purpose social networking means, such as Facebook, Twitter, LinkedIn, Instagram, and Snapchat [9; 10; 12; 13; 14]. However, only a few social networking platforms have additional features oriented for BSVI users. For instance, BSVI surveys have revealed that social networking apps are among the five most popular mobile apps [3]. The majority of people who are BSVI who use social media use the Facebook social network [10; 15; 16]. The use of Twitter is also unusually high, and it is assumed that its simple, text-based interface is more accessible to screen readers [10]. Next to the general-purpose social networks, people who are BSVI frequently use apps that are specifically designed to allow them to accomplish daily activities. However, [PERSON] et al. emphasize that persons with visual impairments would like to see improvements in existing apps as well as the development of new apps [3]. There are a number of examples of some of the most popular navigation apps used for path planning, navigation, and obstacle avoidance [1; 2; 6; 9]. Unfortunately, navigation apps are mostly based on predeveloped navigational information and do not provide real-life support, user experience-centric approaches, or participatory Web 2.0 social networking. On the contrary, there are other real-life social apps, such as Be My Eyes, which give access to a network of sighted volunteers and company representatives who are ready to provide real-time visual assistance for orientation, navigation, and other tasks [17]. There are also many other R&D applications that can be applied for the outsourcing of navigational information [18; 19; 20; 21; 22]. The above overview of the related literature reveals technological and socially guided indoor navigation advancements, implications, and drawbacks. In this regard, our approach proposes a novel guided indoor navigation solution, which is user-centric, crowdsourced, and does not require costly prior infrastructural indoor investments, such as the earlier-mentioned installation of Wi-Fi, RFID tags, beamers, etc. However, it does demand the involvement of some social networks, where volunteers walk in the chosen buildings, mark indoor routes, and carry out semantic tagging (using a mobile app with a voice recording or command line) of points of interest (POI) such as doors, exits, lifts, stairs, etc.