# Railway Lines across the Alps: Analysis of Their Usage through a New Railway Link Cost Function
## 6 Discussion and Conclusions
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c} \hline \hline \multicolumn{2}{c}{**O–D Pair**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Current Scenario**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Project Scenario**} \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{Genoa--Paris} & Travel time & Giovi Pass, Frejus old tunnel & Third Pass of Giovi, New Frejus base tunnel \\ \cline{2-4}  & Monetary cost & Giovi Pass, Frejus old tunnel & Third Pass of Giovi, New Frejus base tunnel \\ \cline{2-4}  & Generalized cost & Giovi Pass, Frejus old tunnel & Third Pass of Giovi, New Frejus base tunnel \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{Paris—Genoa} & Travel time & Frejus old tunnel, Giovi Pass & New Frejus base tunnel, Third Pass of Giovi \\ \cline{2-4}  & Monetary cost & Frejus old tunnel, Giovi Pass & New Frejus base tunnel, Third Pass of Giovi \\ \cline{2-4}  & Generalized cost & Frejus old tunnel, Giovi Pass & New Frejus base tunnel, Third Pass of Giovi \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{Leghorn--Paris} & Travel time & Giovi Pass, Frejus old tunnel & Third Pass of Giovi, New Frejus base tunnel \\ \cline{2-4}  & Monetary cost & Giovi Pass, Frejus old tunnel & Third Pass of Giovi, New Frejus base tunnel \\ \cline{2-4}  & Generalized cost & Giovi Pass, Frejus old tunnel & Third Pass of Giovi, New Frejus base tunnel \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{Paris—Leghorn} & Travel time & Frejus old tunnel, Giovi Pass & New Frejus base tunnel, Third Pass of Giovi \\ \cline{2-4}  & Monetary cost & Frejus old tunnel, Giovi Pass & New Frejus base tunnel, Third Pass of Giovi \\ \cline{2-4}  & Generalized cost & Frejus old tunnel, Giovi Pass & New Frejus base tunnel, Third Pass of Giovi \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{Milan—Avignon Junction} & Travel time & Giovi Pass, Ventimiglia & New Frejus base tunnel \\ \cline{2-4}  & Monetary cost & Giovi Pass, Ventimiglia & New Frejus base tunnel \\ \cline{2-4}  & Generalized cost & Giovi Pass, Ventimiglia & New Frejus base tunnel \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{Lurin—Rotterdam} & Travel time & Ventimiglia, Giovi Pass & New Frejus base tunnel \\ \cline{2-4}  & Monetary cost & Frejus old tunnel & New Frejus base tunnel \\ \cline{2-4}  & Generalized cost & Frejus old tunnel & New Frejus base tunnel \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{Rotterdam—Turin} & Travel time & Lütschberg, Sempione & New Frejus base tunnel \\ \cline{2-4}  & Monetary cost & Frejus old tunnel & New Frejus base tunnel \\ \cline{2-4}  & Monetary cost & Frejus old tunnel & New Frejus base tunnel \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{Novara—Paris} & Travel time & Lütschberg, Sempione & New Frejus base tunnel \\ \cline{2-4}  & Monetary cost & Frejus old tunnel & New Frejus base tunnel \\ \cline{2-4}  & Monetary cost & Frejus old tunnel & New Frejus base tunnel \\ \cline{2-4}  & Monetary cost & Frejus old tunnel & New Frejus base tunnel \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{Paris—Novara} & Travel time & Gotthard base tunnel, Luino & New Frejus base tunnel \\ \cline{2-4}  & Monetary cost & Gotthard base tunnel, Luino & New Frejus base tunnel \\ \cline{2-4}  & Monetary cost & Gotthard base tunnel, Luino & New Frejus base tunnel \\ \cline{2-4}  & Monetary cost & Gotthard base tunnel, Luino & New Frejus base tunnel \\ \cline{2-4}  & Monetary cost & Gotthard base tunnel, Luino & New Frejus base tunnel \\ \cline{2-4}  & Monetary cost & Gotthard base tunnel, Luino & New Frejus base tunnel \\ \cline{2-4}  & Monetary cost & Gotthard base tunnel, Luino & New Frejus base tunnel \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{Paris—Leghorn} & Travel time & Frejus old tunnel, Giovi Pass & New Frejus base tunnel, Third Pass of Giovi \\ \cline{2-4}  & Monetary cost & Frejus old tunnel, Giovi Pass & New Frejus base tunnel \\ \cline{2-4}  & Generalized cost & Frejus old tunnel, Giovi Pass & New Frejus base tunnel, Third Pass of Giovi \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{Paris—Leghorn} & Travel time & Giovi Pass, Ventimiglia & New Frejus base tunnel \\ \cline{2-4}  & Monetary cost & Giovi Pass, Ventimiglia & New Frejus base tunnel \\ \cline{2-4}  & Monetary cost & Giovi Pass, Ventimiglia & New Frejus base tunnel \\ \cline{2-4}  & Monetary cost & Giovi Pass, Ventimiglia & New Frejus base tunnel \\ \cline{2-4}  & Monetary cost & Giovi Pass, Ventimiglia & New Frejus base tunnel \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{Milan—Avignon Junction—Milan} & Travel time & Ventiimiglia, Giovi Pass & New Frejus base tunnel \\ \cline{2-4}  & Monetary cost & Ventimiglia, Giovi Pass & New Frejus base tunnel \\ \cline{2-4}  & Monetary cost & Ventimiglia, Giovi Pass & New Frejus base tunnel \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{Turin—Rotterdam} & Travel time & Sempione, Lütschberg & New Frejus base tunnel \\ \cline{2-4}  & Monetary cost & Frejus old tunnel & New Frejus base tunnel \\ \cline{2-4}  & Monetary cost & Frejus old tunnel & New Frejus base tunnel \\ \cline{2-4}  & Monetary cost & Frejus old tunnel & New Frejus base tunnel \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{Rotterdam—Turin} & Travel time & Lütschberg, Sempione & New Frejus base tunnel \\ \cline{2-4}  & Monetary cost & Frejus old tunnel & New Frejus base tunnel \\ \cline{2-4}  & Monetary cost & Frejus old tunnel & New Frejus base tunnel \\ \cline{2-4}  & Monetary cost & Frejus old tunnel & New Frejus base tunnel \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{Novara—Paris} & Travel time & Lüno, Gotthard base tunnel & New Frejus base tunnel \\ \cline{2-4}  & Monetary cost & Luino, Gotthard base tunnel & New Frejus base tunnel \\ \cline{2-4}  & Monetary cost & Luino, Gotthard base tunnel & New Frejus base tunnel \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{Paris—Novara} & Travel time & Gotthard base tunnel, Luino & New