## 1 Introduction
Photovoltaic panels and wind turbines are increasingly being incorporated into the design of outdoor cooling systems to use renewable energy sources to power air conditioners [6]. By switching to renewable energy, the carbon impact of outdoor cooling is drastically reduced while simultaneously lowering operational costs. A new era of outdoor air conditioning control and management has arrived with the introduction of the Internet of Things (IoT). To optimise cooling operations based on real-time weather conditions and occupancy patterns, IoT-enabled systems use sensors and data analytics [7]. With the help of this dynamic control, consumers are guaranteed a comfortable environment while consuming less energy than necessary. The mobility and scalability of outdoor air conditioning technology have also advanced. To provide on-demand cooling for various events and locations, portable outdoor cooling systems are now widely accessible and offer flexibility and cost-effectiveness [8]. This  
Figure 1: Greenhouse gas emissions by region [4]. versatility is crucial for meeting the various requirements for outdoor cooling in various situations. In conclusion, outdoor air conditioning technology improvements have been made to meet user convenience, energy efficiency, and environmental issues. The outdoor cooling environment has changed into a sustainable and user-centric area with the adoption of eco-friendly refrigerants, renewable energy integration, IoT-driven intelligent systems, and the emergence of portable solutions. Thermal comfort, a crucial aspect of the design and operation of buildings, is affected by many factors, such as air temperature, relative humidity, and air velocity [9]. Even though conventional HVAC systems are successful at maintaining a \"comfort zone\", they are often criticised for their high energy consumption, environmental impact, and greenhouse gas emissions [10]. To remedy these problems, green buildings strive to promote thermal comfort using energy-efficient techniques [11]. However, using conventional HVAC systems in green buildings sometimes contradicts the same sustainability ideals they intend to maintain [12]. Innovative methods such as passive design techniques, which incorporate natural ventilation and sun heating, have been investigated [13]. Moreover, modern HVAC technologies, such as Variable Refrigerant Flow (VRF) and radiant cooling systems, provide potential pathways for enhancing energy efficiency and thermal comfort [14]. The move towards human-centric methods that account for the adaptable nature of human thermal comfort is a developing trend in the literature [15]. Moreover, incorporating Internet of Things (IoT) technology allows for real-time monitoring and the adaptive management of interior conditions, providing a more dynamic approach to thermal comfort in green buildings [16]. Although heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) systems are ubiquitous in maintaining temperature conditions, traditional systems are often criticised for their excessive energy consumption, poor indoor air quality, and large greenhouse gas emissions [10]. These limits become more troublesome in the context of green buildings, which are meant to maximise occupant comfort while reducing environmental damage [11]. The limitations of present HVAC systems are shown in Table 1.