## 3 Results
### Internet of Things as a Component of HM and HMGT Systems
Unlike simple sensors that might only record data for later retrieval, IoT devices can transmit these data immediately for analysis. * Data collected by IoT devices can be accessed remotely, allowing maintenance teams, flight operations centers, and other stakeholders to monitor aircraft health in real time, regardless of the aircraft's location. * The IoT enables the integration of data from multiple sources and sensors across the aircraft, providing a holistic view of its health. This integrated data can be analyzed more effectively to identify trends, patterns, and anomalies. * With the IoT, data can be fed into predictive analytics models in real time, allowing for early detection of potential issues before they lead to system failures. This facilitates proactive maintenance, reducing downtime and maintenance costs. * The IoT provides a scalable infrastructure that can easily accommodate additional sensors and devices as technology advances or as new monitoring requirements emerge. * IoT devices can be integrated with other systems, such as flight operations, maintenance scheduling, and inventory management systems, creating a seamless ecosystem that supports comprehensive health management. * Real-time data from IoT devices can provide insights into aircraft performance and operational efficiency, enabling airlines to optimize fuel consumption, route planning, and flight operations. * Continuous monitoring and predictive maintenance enabled by the IoT reduce the risk of in-flight failures and enhance overall aircraft safety. Maintenance teams can address issues before they become critical, ensuring that aircraft meet the highest safety standards. * IoT-driven predictive maintenance helps airlines save costs by reducing unplanned downtime, extending the lifespan of aircraft components, and optimizing maintenance workflows. * By optimizing flight operations and maintenance schedules, the IoT can contribute to reduced fuel consumption and emissions, supporting the aviation industry's sustainability goals. Compared to simple sensors, IoT technology in aviation health monitoring and management systems offers enhanced real-time monitoring, advanced predictive analytics, and improved operational efficiency. It enables a more proactive, data-driven approach to aircraft maintenance and operations, ultimately enhancing safety, reducing costs, and supporting sustainability initiatives. At the same time, the increased connectivity inherent in IoT systems introduces cybersecurity risks that must be managed through robust security protocols and encryption, and the vast amount of data generated by IoT devices require effective data management strategies to store, process, and analyze data efficiently. Sensors connected to the Internet, as part of the IoT setup in aviation, enable the exchange of information both on the ground and in flight. This capability is facilitated through various communication technologies that provide Internet connectivity to aircraft during flight. Satellite communication (Satcom) is the primary method for providing Internet connectivity to aircraft in flight. Satcom uses geostationary satellites to relay data between the aircraft and ground stations, enabling global coverage. It supports the transmission of data collected by onboard IoT sensors back to ground-based operations centers, maintenance teams, and other relevant parties in near-real time.