# Review of Land Surface Albedo: Variance Characteristics, Climate Effect and Management Strategy
## 5 Conclusions  
Global warming has increased the onset frequency and intensity of a series of extreme climate events [8], which directly affect human survival and urgently need to be resolved worldwide. As a controlling parameter in the surface energy balance, surface albedo shows to be a promising approach to climate mitigation. In this paper, we present a comprehensive review of surface albedo based on architecture analyses, focusing on its variance patterns, climate feedback and management strategies. The salient points are summarized as follows:  
1. A more specific term, \"surface albedo\", is recommended for inclusion in titles and keywords instead of \"albedo\" to avoid confusion (e.g., planetary albedo), and the high frequency of the word \"climate\" indicates many efforts have been made in dealing with climate problems using surface albedo data. Although many albedo management strategies have been proposed in recent years [20], their quantity and influence are still limited and need to be further developed.
2. A significant surface albedo-induced climate feedback has been observed, and many studies focus on enhanced glacier, ice and snow melt in the Arctic and Antarctic induced by increasing global temperature, high albedo loss and albedo reduction due to impurities. However, there are some inconsistent and even controversial analyses at multiple spatiotemporal scales simulated from many climate models [109; 187]. Therefore, it is necessary to investigate the suitable spatiotemporal scale for different subjects, and improvements of surface albedo product and climate models are also required for accurate climate evaluation [29].
3. In addition, a series of effective management schemes regarding surface albedo show the potential to mitigate global warming, which provide practical suggestions for achieving CO\({}_{2}\) emission peaks and carbon-neutral goals worldwide. The LCA method should be used for surface albedo-induced climate feedback analysis to avoid inconsistencies in conclusions [106], and more coordinated research among terrestrial ecologists, resource managers, and coupled climate modellers is needed to support the making of climate policies [24]. Through the improvements to the spatiotemporal resolution of satellite observations and remote sensing from airborne observations, surface albedo monitoring at finer levels would help better understand environmental and climate dynamic processes as well as facilitate interventions.  
Conceptualization, X.Z. and Z.J.; data curation, X.Z.; formal analysis, X.Z., Z.J., C.Z., Y.T., C.W., S.L., J.G., Z.Z., S.Y., H.Z. and L.C.; methodology, X.Z. and Z.J.; funding acquisition, Z.J., X.Z. and H.Z.; writing--original draft, X.Z.; and writing--review and editing, X.Z., Z.J., Y.Q. and Q.L. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.  
This work was supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (42090013 and 41971288), the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation under Grant 2021M690424, and the National Natural Science Foundation of China 41971306.  
All data used in this study are openly and freely available. The literature data were collected from the Web of Science core database, Thomson Reuter at [[https://access.clarivate.com/](https://access.clarivate.com/)]([https://access.clarivate.com/](https://access.clarivate.com/)), accessed on 16 January 2022.  
We are grateful for the careful review and valuable comments provided by the anonymous reviewers.  
The authors declare no conflict of interest.  
The following abbreviations used in this study:  
Full Name