## 6 Analysis Conducted  
A systematic literature review was performed together with a quantitative analysis of publications based on year, journal, and countries. The compilation of all publications was carried out with the keywords \"(inscet frass OR insect excrete OR insect feces) AND (abiotic stress OR salinity OR drought OR flooding OR heavy metal OR pollutant OR biotic stress OR pest OR pathogen)\". The bibliographic database Web of ScienceTM (Web of Science Core Collection--WoS) ([[https://www.webofscience.com](https://www.webofscience.com)]([https://www.webofscience.com](https://www.webofscience.com))) and the Elsevier(r) Scopus library services metabase ([[https://www.scopus.com](https://www.scopus.com)]([https://www.scopus.com](https://www.scopus.com))) were selected due to their higher level of scientific rigor compared to other free and more open-access databases, such as Google Scholar [82]. In WoS, after searching for keywords in \"All Fields\", without time restriction, and by selecting the document type \"articles\", 496 results were retrieved (search performed on 28 January 2025). Of these 496 articles, 433 were excluded as they were not relevant to the subject; therefore, 63 articles were included in the review. Similarly, in Scopus, after applying the same search criteria, 169 results were obtained, of which 167 were deemed unrelated to the research topic, leaving only 2 articles for inclusion. It is important to note that some articles were present in both databases. Of the 63 articles selected from WoS and the 2 from Scopus, 1 article overlapped, meaning that 62 unique articles were sourced from WoS and 1 from Scopus. Therefore, the total number of final articles in the review on the use of insect frass to combat agricultural biotic and abiotic stresses, as well as its possible negative effects, was 64 articles. As indicated, in both Scopus and in WoS the search provided many more articles than those included in this review because they were not related to the subject. In order to decide which articles were included and which were discarded, the title, abstract, keywords, and methodology of all the works were thoroughly read in all cases. Through this procedure, the articles unrelated to the subject of the review could be discarded. The first publication on this topic dates back to 1982 [83], with only four articles being published between 1982 and 1988. However, no further publications were recorded until 1999, followed by a steady average of two articles per year until 2011. From 2015 onward, interest in this subject increased annually, with three articles published in 2015 and eight articles in 2024, the latter marking the highest number of publications to date (Figure 1a). Regarding the geographical distribution of the reviewed articles, the United States contributed the largest number, with 18 publications. China and France followed, with eight and six articles, respectively. Germany, Kenya, and Mexico (five articles each) ranked fourth, followed by Spain and the UK (four articles), Canada, Italy, South Africa, Sweden, and The Netherlands (with three articles), and Estonia, Norway, Pakistan, Poland, Senegal, and South Korea (with two articles). Additionally, single publications were identified in 11 other countries across Asia (India, Iran, Japan, and Taiwan), Africa (Benin), the Americas (Brazil and Costa Rica), and Europe (Austria, Greece, Hungary, and Switzerland) (Figure 1b). These authors published their articles in 47 different journals, including the Journal of Pest Science and Pest Management Science (with four articles), Agronomy, Annals of Applied Biology, and Journal of Chemical Ecology (with three articles), and Applied Soil Ecology, Biological Control, Bulletin of Entomological Research, Environmental Entomology, and Phytopathology (with two articles). The remaining journals only published one article (Table 1). Figure 1: Graphical representation of the data obtained in the bibliographic search.