# A Survey on Swarm Robotics for Area Coverage Problem
## 6 Applications for Swarm Robotics to Perform Area Coverage Tasks
Initially, the transmitter sends a signal to the bots to transfer to the area of interest via an indoor positioning system. The robots cover an area for cleaning, and the bots have an automatic disinfecting box to perform disinfection operations and aggregate the bio-waste. Each bot has a system of cleaning attached to it to achieve the task of cleaning [102]. First, we present the handling of area coverage problems to find targets by swarm robots. When the robot finds the target, it must connect to the base station via wireless communication through intermediate transfer robots. Real swarm crawler robots and the Levy flight strategy were exploited to find the target in large environments. The experiments were performed in the building's corridor at Setsunan University. Besides this corridor, there are several classrooms. Therefore, the walls surround the experiment's environment (the rooms' doors were kept closed in the investigation). The target is an infrared-emitting ball, and the base station is a laptop [103]. The results refer to this approach being significant in the indoor environment to detect the marks with a 100% success rate. Table 3 provides a thorough synopsis of swarm robotics' many uses, down to the necessary algorithms, facets of coordination, centralization of the system, obstacles to be considered, hardware platforms, simulation environments, strengths, limits, and environmental settings. A multi-robot planner with poor coordination and no centralization, employing tiny, inexpensive cooperative robots, is the application's focus within the framework of sustainable broad-acre farming. In spite of the system's scalability and resilience, it cannot fix issues when robots fail because the environment is unpredictable [96]. Particle Swarm Optimization variations, when applied to small robots built from Parallax Shield-Bot hardware, show great coordination without centralization, making them ideal for source-seeking applications. While the method has limits due to physical constraints given by robots and the environment in a defined setting, its merits lie in the quick and affordable calculations and the fact that it escapes local optimal solutions. Swarm robots rely on a network of interconnected robots to complete activities like spraying vast fields without the need for a single leader or controller. The method relies on local data for decision-making and has shown effective in the actual world with little computing demands [97]. Using GRITSBot robots in a familiar setting, R-shaped aggregation tasks use a cooperative technique with moderate coordination and centralization. Despite some restrictions on its use, the system has gained praise for its affordability, security, adaptability, collision avoidance, and fault tolerance [80]. Whether in a familiar or unfamiliar setting, e-puck hardware may implement a random walk algorithm with strong centralization and coordination for mapping and exploration tasks. When it comes to open surroundings or real robot tests, the system falls short, but it does a great job at mapping closed regions [98]. Using a Voronoi algorithm and a robotic system with strong centralization and coordination, a group of mobile robots works in a familiar area to distribute tasks such as painting. Although user-driven painting is unique, it has limits due to painting resource constraints that impact the final artwork [99]. Using iRobot gear in an unfamiliar setting and cleaning industrial areas through multi-robotic algorithms demonstrate poor coordination and centralization. As opposed to a single robot, the system is more efficient in cleaning, but it cannot handle obstacles that change position without rerouting [100]. Applying a visibility-based strategy with strong coordination and minimal centralization, executed on AmigoBot hardware in a known environment, solves non-convex area coverage challenges. While the algorithm performs well when trained on local information, it has difficulty when applied to large regions [101].