# A Novel Finite Element Method Approach in the Modelling of Edge Trimming of CFRP Laminates
The applied methods showed improvements in characterising damage using the Altisurf 3D non-contact scanner to take volumetric surface roughness measurements. The cutting temperature and machining induced surface roughness were both found to increase significantly with cutting distance. Low feed and high speed also significantly enhanced tool wear and cutting temperatures. Lately, the same author [20] investigated the effect of machining parameters and tooling on harmful particles and dust which are produced during machining, measured by laser spectropic dust monitor. It was shown that a high feed speed and lower cutting speed optimised the chip thickness to increase the size of harmful dust particles, which therefore did not become as easily airborne. Additionally, machining at a 3 mm depth of cut compared to 2 mm was shown to improve the size of chip fragments and reduce the quantity of harmful particles. Three types of cutting tool were applied to find their effects on chip and dust production. It was found that the serrated straight flute tool showed some improvement in the emission of dust generated. Finally, [PERSON] et al. [21] used new surface quality metrics crater volume and depth of damage and related these to the mechanically tested compressive behaviour of a machined CFRP laminate. These two metrics (which were measured using X-ray tomography and Altisurf techniques) have shown to be good indicators of damage; it was shown that matrix induced machining damage had a more dominating effects on material compressive strength than fibre dominated machining damage. The author's experiments showed that a decreasing trend in the composite compressive strength was correlated with an increasing damage depth. Several trials are required to fully understand the effect of different cutting parameters, such as cutting speed, feed rate, helix angle, or tool wear, have on machining responses such as sub-surface damage, cutting forces, or surface quality. The complex tool/workpiece interactions, which substantially complicate the design of effective trials, in conjunction with the high cost of composites, turn experimental research into a cumbersome and expensive solution. Therefore, finite element models of composite machining that simulate the underlying physics of the problem and are experimentally validated have been proven to be an excellent cost-effective virtual alternative. This alternative also provides detailed information on laminate failure. These failures occur mainly in the interfaces (delamination) and in the laminate constituents (fibre and matrix). These failures are essential to predict the debonding between various pieces or plies [22] as well as fibre and matrix characteristic failures in common impact or machining problems [23]. To date, most finite element (FE) investigations in composite machining have investigated orthogonal cutting operations, which shares the most relevant physical aspects of the cutting mechanism characteristic of turning operations [24]. FE orthogonal cutting investigations are focused on the study of the influence that cutting parameters have on machining responses such as cutting forces, sub-surface damage, or chip formation. A brief revision of various relevant papers in this field is collected in the following. [PERSON] et al. [25] found that increments in the depth of cut produce a significant increase of machining forces and damages underlying the machined surface, while rake angle variations do not significantly affect the machining responses. [PERSON] et al. [26] concluded that, because of the high fibre bending experience in the machining of 90\({}^{\circ}\), laminates can drastically increase the sub-surface damage in the machining of laminates with similar fibre orientations. Finally, [PERSON] et al. [27] achieved, for the first time, the successful simulation of the characteristic chip fracture parallel to the fibre direction of laminates with positive fibre orientations.