## 3 Results
### Stroke Survivor Clusters Based on the NIH Stroke Scale  
The NIHSS consists of 11 items that focus on different neurological aspects such as level of consciousness, horizontal eye movement, visual field test, facial palsy, motor arm, motor leg, sensory, speech, language, and attention. The scores for each question item are aggregated to form the final NIHSS score, which is used for stroke severity classification. However, this aggregated score fails to capture the aspects that are more impaired or not. Therefore, we used the AI framework on the baseline NIHSS item scores, on day 3-7 after stroke, to detect different impairment groupings (annotated regions) that can be derived solely from the NIHSS. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{l c c} \hline \hline  & **n (\%)** \\ \hline
**Ethnicity** & & \\ Asian & 4 (5.5\%) \\ Australian or New Zealand & 46 (63.0\%) \\ European & 17 (23.3\%) \\ Other & 6 (8.2\%) \\
**Marital Status** & & \\ Divorced & 13 (17.8\%) \\ Married/de facto & 51 (69.9\%) \\ Other & 2 (2.7\%) \\ Single & 2 (2.7\%) \\ Widowed & 5 (6.8\%) \\
**Employment** & & \\ Employed for wages & 18 (24.7\%) \\ Homemaker & 1 (1.4\%) \\ Out of work for \textless{1 year} & 2 (2.7\%) \\ Retired & 44 (60.3\%) \\ Self-employed & 7 (9.6\%) \\ Unable to work & 1 (1.4\%) \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 1: _Cont._ \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{l c c c c} \hline \hline
**Time after Stroke** & _Median_ & _IQR_ & _Q1_ & _Q3_ \\ \hline
**Day 3–7** & & & & \\ NIHSS & 2.00 & 2.25 & 1.00 & 3.25 \\ MoCA & 26.00 & 5.25 & 22.75 & 28.00 \\ MADRS & 3.00 & 5.25 & 0.75 & 6.00 \\
**3 months** & & & & \\ NIHSS & 0.00 & 1.00 & 0.00 & 1.00 \\ MoCA & 27.00 & 4.00 & 25.00 & 29.00 \\ MADRS & 4.00 & 8.00 & 1.00 & 9.00 \\ mRS & 1.00 & 1.00 & 1.00 & 2.00 \\ RAPA & 5.00 & 3.00 & 4.00 & 7.00 \\ WSAS & 2.00 & 10.00 & 0.00 & 10.00 \\ SIS & 93.06 & 9.21 & 87.55 & 96.76 \\
**12 months** & & & & \\ NIHSS & 0.00 & 1.00 & 0.00 & 1.00 \\ MoCA & 27.00 & 4.00 & 24.00 & 28.00 \\ MADRS & 3.00 & 8.00 & 0.00 & 8.00 \\ mRS & 1.00 & 2.00 & 0.00 & 2.00 \\ RAPA & 5.00 & 4.00 & 3.00 & 7.00 \\ WSAS & 2.00 & 8.00 & 0.00 & 8.00 \\ SIS & 93.58 & 11.39 & 86.21 & 97.60 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}  
* NIHSS (National Institute of Health Stroke Scale; 0 to 42); MADRS (Montgomery–Ašberg Depression Rating Scale; scale range 0 to 60); MoCA (Montreal Cognitive Assessment; 0 to 30); mRS (modified Rankin scale; 0 to 6); SIS (Stroke Impact Scale; 0 to 100); RAPA (Rapid Assessment of Physical Activity; 0 to 10); WSAS (Work and Social Adjustment Scale; 0 to 40).  
\end{table} 
Table 2: Clinical characteristics and functional outcomes of survivors of ‘mild’ stroke at day 3–7, 3 months, and 12 months after stroke. This analysis results in five different profiles pertaining to different impairments, as shown in Figure 3 and Table 3. The scores of the participants in such groupings were compared with the rest of the population using t-tests to determine if there was any significant difference. Participants in nonannotated regions did not exhibit patterns that could be differentiated, meaning they had mixed NIHSS item-score attributes that were not significant. Profile 1 participants (19.2%) showcased mild to moderate somatosensory loss and impairment of motor abilities in the right leg. The impairment scores given to sensory loss (sensory loss mean: profile 1 = 0.571, other participants = 0.068, \(p<0.05\)) and difficulty with motor abilities in the right leg (motor leg right mean: profile 1 = 0.5, other participants = 0.017, \(p<0.05\)) in this profile were significantly higher than those for the other participants. They did not show a remarkable difference in the other attributes. Profile 2 participants (15.06%) were separated from the other participants due to their increased impairment scores for facial palsy. Profile 2 participants showcased higher impairment scores (facial palsy mean: profile 2 = 1.72, other participants = 0.27, \(p<0.05\)) as the majority were suffering more from partial paralysis of the lower face compared to other survivors of mild stroke.