## 1 Introduction
[19] fabricated carbon materials from ordinary coke and calcined coke at 1300 \({}^{\circ}\)C. After one of these treatment methods, the material can be further processed to produce nanocarbon materials, such as graphene and carbon nanotubes using sonication, exfoliation, and hydrothermal synthesis. Carbon is now used primarily in commercial lithium-ion battery anodes due to its advantageous properties such as widespread availability, outstanding electronic conductivity, low cost, and a favorable hierarchical arrangement for Li-ion insertion. Studies on carbon-based anode materials indicate that porous carbon has obvious advantages in providing high lithiation capability and excellent cycling stability. The existence of micropores and mesopores has exerted significant effects on the electronic structure and performance, such as the shortened transport length for Li ions and the largened electrode/electrolyte interface for the charge-transfer reaction [20]. Owing to its typical characteristic of a porous structure and its low cost, carbon is widely used for supercapacitor electrodes [21; 22; 23; 24] and catalytic supports [25; 26; 27] and also possesses the potential to be used as an anode material in lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). [PERSON] et al. [28] achieved the successful synthesis of porous carbon nanosheets (PCNS1000) from pitch and coal. PCNS1000, with a mesoporous structure featuring an average pore size of 5.7 nm, was utilized as an anode in lithium-ionbatteries, showcasing a capacity of 270.0 mA h.g\({}^{-1}\) at 0.1 A.g\({}^{-1}\). In a recent development, [PERSON] et al. [29] effectively engineered a nano nanocomposite material (MoO\({}_{3}\)/CCNFs) using coal and acid-treated molybdenum. The MoO\({}_{3}\)/CCNF exhibited characteristics such as an increased specific surface area and volume of porous cavities, a result of the release of small gas molecules during the coal carbonization process. This attribute is advantageous for the movement of Li+ ions, mitigating volume stress caused by Li+ insertion during the charging process and fostering favorable conditions for electrode reaction kinetics. Therefore, designing simple and productive approaches for the controllable synthesis of coal-based porous carbon is still a great challenge. The coal reserves in Vietnam are estimated to be around 3.36 billion tons, comprising all types of coal: Anthracite, Fat Coal, Bituminous Coal, Brown Coal, and Peat. Vietnam is one of the three countries in Southeast Asia with the largest exploitable coal reserves. Hence, opting for an appropriate method to produce porous carbon materials from coal in Vietnam is a judicious direction, holding the promise of numerous successes at low costs while utilizing readily available resources. Furthermore, the transition from fossil fuels to alternative energy sources necessitates the potential application of coal in more environmentally friendly domains. Moreover, although coal is a fossil fuel, the minute amount required in the energy transition sector makes this path highly feasible for a sustainable future. This work presents the fabrication of nanoscale porous carbon materials from coal of the Coke Factory of Thai Nguyen Steel Joint Stock Company, Thai Nguyen Province, Viet Nam, using the improved Hummers method. Exploring the surface morphology, structure, composition, and surface area of the synthesized materials is essential. The electrochemical properties of the materials signify their potential for electron exchange and efficient energy storage. These preliminary findings hold promise, indicating the potential for the successful fabrication of lithium-ion batteries in Vietnam.