# Compacted Area with Effective Links (CAEL) for Data Dissemination in VANETs
## 2 Related Work
Since it only focuses on limiting the communication process, therefore, the nodes with high density can quickly go out of the trilateral zone and that drastically affects the performance of the network. In another study, the authors [21] attained minimization in route disconnections. This was achieved because of the inclusion of a reliability factor and a route expiry period that takes hop counts into account. In order to discover the optimum communication routes, the most reliable paths between the source and the target are selected, whereas the authors in [22] achieved path reliability for data forwarding by identifying multiple roads at intersections. A group of researchers [23] devised a protocol that determines the stability of a route based on the intensity of the signal being transmitted. In this protocol, the forwarding node adds the estimated intensity of the signal to the RREQ packets before sending them on to the next node. The only way to assess the overall signal strength of a route is to take the weakest signal strength of each of its individual connections. The response is sent back to the source node by the destination node, which chooses the path with the strongest predicted signal strength. In [9], researchers have also reported that the following two techniques were combined to achieve the improved performance of the network: in the first technique, the area of communication is kept as small as possible in order to reduce unnecessary request traffic; in second technique, clusters of nodes were created based on their proximity to the centers of those clusters. At the end, whichever cluster was closest to the destination was selected for the communication. The problem arises when such a cluster is selected that has a very low number of nodes associated with it, and therefore the communication becomes disturbed when the node becomes unreachable. Furthermore, other important factors of a node such as speed and direction are neglected while making the cluster groups. In an ad hoc network, a topology is used to create a temporary network and that topology is nothing more than a mix of mobile nodes and wireless networks [24]. In addition, it does not require any centralized management. The VANET is a cutting-edgetechnology that connects the automobiles of a new generation with the help of wireless networks [25]. It has the significance of research because of its potential to revolutionize the transportation system through the application of ITS [26]. With this technology, vehicles will be able to link to each other effectively [27] to make the transportation system more reliable. The creation of the VANET was motivated by the need to transmit information between cars on the road to avert accidents, hence increasing the overall safety of vehicles and drivers. Depending on the needs, all sensor data may be examined on the driver's dashboard, sent to the RSU, or even broadcasted to nearby vehicles. Aside from providing road safety information, a wide variety of other uses for vehicular networks are listed, including gaming-related applications, traveling-related applications, multimedia-related applications, and access to the internet.