## 3 Results Analysis
### Land-Use Rising/Falling Tupu Analysis  
#### 3.3.1 Land-Use Rising Tupu  
The upward trend mapping of the two time series units of 2000-2010 and 2010-2020 in Ningde City is shown in Figure 5, while the differences and changes in each county and city are counted (Table 6). \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c} \hline \hline
**Code** & **Number of Tupu Units** & **Area/km\({}^{2}\)** & **Change Ratio/\%** \\ \hline
21 & 87,892 & 79.10 & 26.51 \\
16 & 60,329 & 54.30 & 18.20 \\
12 & 45,595 & 41.04 & 13.75 \\
14 & 42,931 & 38.64 & 12.95 \\
41 & 35,757 & 32.18 & 10.79 \\
24 & 21,802 & 19.62 & 6.58 \\
17 & 11,249 & 10.12 & 3.39 \\
23 & 7527 & 6.77 & 2.27 \\
15 & 6683 & 6.01 & 2.02 \\
46 & 3821 & 3.44 & 1.15 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 5: Tupu units of LUTs during 2010–2020 in Ningde City (Top 10). \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c c c} \hline \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**Period**} & **District or** & **L****C****C** & **Increased** & **Increased** & **Increased** & **Increased** & **Increased** & **Increased** & **Increased** \\  & **County** & **CL** & **FL** & **OL** & **GL** & **WB** & **BL** & **UL** \\ \hline \multirow{8}{*}{2000–2010} & Jiaocheng & 3.21 & 6.73 & 1.27 & 5.30 & 9.34 & 4.14 & 0.40 \\  & Fu’an & 6.27 & 12.93 & 1.93 & 8.10 & 9.36 & 5.71 & 1.05 \\  & Fuding & 9.00 & 12.68 & 1.55 & 8.92 & 11.38 & 6.60 & 2.06 \\  & Gutian & 7.28 & 14.59 & 0.29 & 15.88 & 6.97 & 2.94 & 1.48 \\  & Xiapu & 7.38 & 9.39 & 1.60 & 8.85 & 10.90 & 7.07 & 1.68 \\  & Zhouning & 1.92 & 4.85 & 2.87 & 5.65 & 3.60 & 1.36 & 0.07 \\  & Shouning & 4.06 & 10.03 & 4.39 & 8.77 & 5.43 & 1.17 & 0.19 \\  & Pingnan & 3.43 & 7.95 & 1.98 & 8.52 & 4.81 & 1.09 & 0.16 \\  & Zherong & 1.05 & 2.44 & 0.95 & 5.09 & 1.22 & 1.03 & 0.09 \\ \hline \multirow{8}{*}{2010–2020} & Jiaocheng & 8.78 & 3.09 & 0.30 & 3.88 & 1.03 & 10.11 & 0.40 \\  & Fu’an & 15.31 & 6.21 & 0.90 & 6.77 & 1.34 & 9.44 & 0.62 \\ \cline{1-1}  & Fuding & 16.40 & 8.43 & 1.22 & 7.61 & 1.17 & 12.48 & 6.21 \\ \cline{1-1}  & Gutian & 21.94 & 7.22 & 1.59 & 12.62 & 0.91 & 6.62 & 1.68 \\ \cline{1-1}  & Xiapu & 12.88 & 6.57 & 0.58 & 7.06 & 0.96 & 11.16 & 1.52 \\ \cline{1-1}  & Zhouning & 7.18 & 1.97 & 1.51 & 3.99 & 0.32 & 2.27 & 7.18 \\ \cline{1-1}  & Shouning & 13.09 & 4.13 & 1.49 & 6.72 & 0.54 & 2.50 & 0.04 \\ \cline{1-1}  & Pingnan & 11.46 & 3.47 & 2.54 & 6.43 & 0.42 & 2.78 & 0.02 \\ \cline{1-1}  & Zherong & 4.48 & 1.08 & 0.44 & 3.35 & 0.09 & 0.92 & 0.01 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 6: Land-use rising Tupu in Ningde City from 2000 to 2020 (km\({}^{2}\)). Figure 5: Land-use rising Tupu in Ningde City from 2000 to 2020. As shown in Table 6 combined with Figure 4, the total area of unchanged area of land use and the total area of changed area in the study area during 2000-2010 were divided into 12,757.33 km\({}^{2}\) and 318.4 km\({}^{2}\), which accounted for 97.56% and 2.44% of the longitudinal surface of the study area, respectively. In the change area, the new increased forest land had the largest area of 81.59 km\({}^{2}\), accounting for 25.63% of the total new increased area, followed by new increased grassland, new increased water bodies, and new increased cultivated land, with the areas of 75.08 km\({}^{2}\), 63.01 km\({}^{2}\), and 43.6 km\({}^{2}\), respectively, and the smallest area of new increased unutilized land. There are obvious differences in the land-use changes among counties and cities in Ningde City, with Gutian County having the highest proportion of unchanged area (18.26%) and the most stable land-use changes, while Zherong County has the lowest proportion of unchanged area (4.14%), indicating that it is the most active in land-use changes, with the highest area of new increased forest land at 14.59 km\({}^{2}\); Xiapu County has the highest area of new increased cultivated land at 7.38 km\({}^{2}\).