## 5 Conclusions  
The multi-parameter optimization method for electromagnetic characteristic fitting based on the genetic optimization algorithm and the capsule network exhibits significant advantages in dealing with complex electromagnetic problems, bringing important breakthroughs in the research and application of the electromagnetic field:  
* The capsule network model has powerful learning capabilities and can deeply explore the internal laws of electromagnetic data, thereby achieving high-precision electromagnetic characteristic fitting. Its unique vector neuron structure enables the model to capture not only the numerical characteristics of the data but also understand the entity state and target existence probability information represented by the data when processing electromagnetic data, thus laying a solid foundation for high-precision fitting.
* In the simulation of the electromagnetic characteristics of the aircraft, for the simulation of the RCS distribution characteristics in the range of \(-30^{\circ}\) to \(30^{\circ}\) in the nose direction  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c} \hline \hline
**Angle (\({}^{\circ}\))** & **Error (dBsm)** \\ \hline \(-180\) & 0.57 \\ \(-150\) & 1.69 \\ \(-90\) & 0.89 \\ \(-39\) & 0.36 \\ \(-9\) & 0.75 \\ \(0\) & 0.93 \\ \(9\) & 0.86 \\ \(39\) & 0.27 \\ \(90\) & 0.34 \\ \(150\) & 1.63 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}
Table 6: Error calculation results corresponding to peak points at different angles.  
Figure 11: The fitting results of RCS distribution characteristics of some typical targets. (**a**) Ship. (**b**) Armored vehicle.  
and \(-180^{\circ}\) to \(180^{\circ}\) in the horizontal dimension, this method performs excellently. Through a carefully designed combination of optimization variables, including corner reflectors and Luneberg reflectors of different sizes, the model can accurately capture the electromagnetic scattering characteristics of the aircraft at different angles. The experimental data show that the RCS value errors corresponding to most of the peak angles obtained by the proposed method combined with the capsule network and genetic algorithm meet the strict error index requirement of less than 1 dBsm, which fully proves the high precision and reliability of this method in simulating the electromagnetic characteristics of complex targets, such as aircraft. Meanwhile, for the simulation of the RCS distribution characteristics of different types of targets, such as ships and armored vehicles, this method also shows good adaptability and accuracy. Whether it is the simulation of the RCS peak of the target or the average RCS value in the non-peak region, it can reach a high precision level, and the RCS error fully meets the error index requirements; this indicates that the algorithm has wide applicability.
* Compared with MOM, MLFMA, and RL-GO, the proposed algorithm has great advantages in computation time and accuracy, among which the computation time is only 34 s and the MSE is 0.187.  
The authors confirm contribution to the paper as follows: study conception and design: J.H.; Methodology: S.Y.; analysis and interpretation of results: H.G.; draft manuscript preparation: J.H. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.  
This research was funded from Hongmin Gao by (Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of Chinagrant) number [20190209400011].  
Not applicable.  
The original contributions presented in the study are included in the article material, further inquiries can be directed to the corresponding author.  
The authors declare no conflict of interest.