## 1 Introduction  
In 2012, the European Commission (EC) adopted a strategy aimed at counteracting the conflict between ensuring food security and the use of renewable resources, entitled \"Innovation in the service of sustainable growth: the bioeconomy for Europe\". The document was updated by the EC in 2023 in the form of an analysis of the drivers of food security [1]. Taking into account the growing number of people requiring food, the demographics of societies, progressing climate change and loss of biodiversity, as well as the previously irresponsible management of natural resources, the idea of an innovative bioeconomy was born. This term covers the sectors of the national economy, including food, pharmaceutical, agriculture, energy and many other industries, using biomass. Biomass refers to renewable resources of biological origin that can be included in processing. In this way, bio-waste can be transformed into a value-added bio-product which can be food, feed or bioenergy. Proper management of waste generated during food production and processing is currently a major challenge for the food industry. The concept of a closed-loop supply chain in the configuration of internal recycling is becoming more and more popular, i.e., a food producer includes its own waste as a raw material for further production, internally or externally. For example: an entity producing cured meats sules waste in the form of animal bones and organs to an entity producing feed, cosmetics or pharmaceuticals [2; 3; 4]. Fruit and vegetable processing generates large amounts of waste in the form of unused raw material. Due to the perishable nature of fruit and vegetables, tons of bruised, damaged and rotting raw material are discarded. In the fruit industry, many tons of waste in the form of seeds are generated each year, for example during the processing of cherries, because seeds can constitute up to 15% of the fruit weight. It is important to consider that by-products of the fruit processing industry can be a source of biologically active substances that can be isolated and reused, which is in agreement with the EU politics of circular economy and sustainable development. In many studies, researchers have confirmed the presence of bioactive substances in by-products of the fruit industry. The content of lignins and cellulose qualifies cherry seeds as a raw material for the production of activated carbon, which is used in the wine industry to remove ochratoxin A [5]. The hulls can be added to pig feed, enriching it with fiber and minerals. They can also be used as a filler in children's toys or microwave-responsive hot water bottles. In the cosmetics industry, they can be applied as an ingredient for mechanical exfoliation of the epidermis and for the production of oil with anti-wrinkle properties. Raspberry seed oil, with anti-inflammatory properties, was patented in 1973 and was used in the prevention of gingivitis, eczema and various types of rashes. The patent also mentions its use as an ingredient in shampoos, antiperspirants, lipsticks, toothpastes and after shave lotions [6]. Peach kernel oil is characterized by a low content of saturated fatty acids (approximately 10%) and a high content of linoleic acid, oleic acid and vitamins A and E, which makes it a material of interest in the cosmetics industry. The cake, which is a residue after pressing the oil, is rich in amygdala and emulsin, i.e., an enzyme that hydrolyzes this glycoside under specific conditions. The reaction product, benzaldehyde, can be distilled off and used as a raw material in the production of the known fragrance cinnamaldehyde. The amygdala-free cake can then become a high-protein feed with a quality similar to that of linseed or rapeseed cake. On the other hand, apart from pressing the oil, the kernels of the seeds can be reused by the confectionery industry as a raw material for the production of peripan mass [7].