# Setonix: Blockchain-Based Hierarchy Domain Name System for Web3
## 3 Conventional and Decentralized DNS in Relation to Web3  
For these reasons, it is crucial that the aforementioned issues be addressed, especially at this point in time when the transition to Web3 is underway. To address this, this paper proposes Setonix, a decentralized DNS based on blockchain, in alignment with Web3. When building a decentralized DNS structure, it offers the following advantages. First, if any node within the network is enabled to perform DNS functions, it enables load distribution, which is more effective compared to the server-client structure. Secondly, since it adopts the same structure as the system that supports Web3, it becomes possible to resolve the SPoF issue, particularly in situations where the Web2 structure serves as an access point and introduces the SPoF problem. Given these advantages, a blockchain-based decentralized structure is a reasonable choice for a DNS aimed at supporting Web3. First, in this paper, we design the DNS using smart contracts to operate it on a blockchain, which is considered the most representative and widely used decentralized system. When designing, various DNS-related functions such as domain name storage and subdomain assignment are structured hierarchically to facilitate management and resolution. Accessing a DNS designed and uploaded onto a blockchain network in the same address-based manner as traditional systems is challenging. Therefore, an interface system that enables the easy use of Setonix DNS and provides compatibility between Web2 and Web3 on the user side for load distribution is designed and implemented. This system is integrated with the DNS to optimize the user experience. Through this approach, we can hypothesize how Setonix addresses the previously presented questions:  
1. Setonix is designed and implemented as a fully decentralized structure operating on a blockchain to support Web3 service access. This approach aims to resolve the mismatch in the overall system structure caused by the partial use of centralized methods in providing decentralized Web3 services. 2. Setonix DNS is designed to operate on a blockchain that functions through multiple nodes, enabling load distribution across nodes even in rapidly increasing service scenarios. This design offers greater scalability compared to conventional DNS, which operates on centralized servers. 3. By utilizing an interface that interacts with Setonix operating on the user side, the load for providing compatibility can be distributed among users. This approach is expected to deliver higher performance in compatibility compared to existing blockchain-based DNSs. As outlined in this hypothesis, the purpose of this paper is to demonstrate that Setonix supports fully decentralized access for existing Web3 services while offering significantly lower latency and higher usability compared to existing blockchain-based DNSs. To enhance usability, the primary performance metric naturally emphasized for a DNS is resolving latency, as it is the most perceptible to users. Other DNS performance metrics are excluded from the scope of this study. Therefore, the designed Setonix DNS conducts resolving latency-focused testing on an Ethereum-based blockchain system. This system supports EVM-based smart contracts written in Solidity, offering a developer-friendly environment for blockchain-based services and system development. Ethereum provides test networks such as Goerli [24] and Sepolia [25] in addition to its main net, making it useful for testing the proposed system. Furthermore, the transition to a PoS consensus protocol in September 2022 and ongoing upgrades through additional 2-layer solutions have continuously improved performance, making it suitable for conducting these tests. Testing on the main net involves constraints such as gas fees and security risks. Therefore, the system is uploaded to the Sepolia network, one of Ethereum's test networks, which offers a PoS-based environment similar to the main net and is focused on DApp development.