## 4 Experimental Results and Discussion
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c} \hline  & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Women**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Men**} \\ \hline  & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Normal**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Pathological**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Normal**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Pathological**} \\ \hline \multicolumn{2}{c}{/a/} & & & & \\ \hline \multirow{6}{*}{Normalized kurtosis} & Mean & \(-0.39\) & \(-0.28\) & \(-0.00\) & \(-0.09\) \\  & Minimum value & \(-1.59\) & \(-1.57\) & \(-1.62\) & \(-1.59\) \\  & Maximum value & \(2.63\) & \(10.72\) & \(40.27\) & \(9.70\) \\  & Percentile 25 & \(-0.77\) & \(-0.84\) & \(-0.58\) & \(-0.66\) \\  & 50 & \(-0.47\) & \(-0.46\) & \(-0.10\) & \(-0.28\) \\  & 75 & \(-0.10\) & \(0.08\) & \(0.40\) & \(0.27\) \\  & \(p\)-value & & \(0.000\)* & & \(0.000\)* & \\ \hline \multirow{6}{*}{Normalized skewness} & Mean & \(0.33\) & \(0.26\) & \(-0.01\) & \(-0.08\) \\  & Minimum value & \(-0.87\) & \(-1.44\) & \(-1.23\) & \(-1.75\) \\  & Maximum value & \(1.53\) & \(2.48\) & \(3.60\) & \(1.64\) \\  & Percentile 25 & \(0.02\) & \(-0.07\) & \(-0.32\) & \(-0.40\) \\  & 50 & \(0.33\) & \(0.21\) & \(-0.09\) & \(-0.12\) \\  & 75 & \(0.60\) & \(0.57\) & \(0.25\) & \(0.19\) \\  & \(p\) value & & \(0.000\)* & & \(0.000\)* & \\ \hline \multicolumn{2}{c}{/i/} & & & & \\ \hline \multirow{6}{*}{Normalized kurtosis} & Mean & \(-1.19\) & \(-1.07\) & \(-0.78\) & \(-0.90\) \\  & Minimum value & \(-1.57\) & \(-1.56\) & \(-1.70\) & \(-1.67\) \\  & Maximum value & \(-0.06\) & \(13.32\) & \(11.88\) & \(3.23\) \\  & Percentile 25 & \(-1.36\) & \(-1.35\) & \(-1.01\) & \(-1.20\) \\  & 50 & \(-1.26\) & \(-1.18\) & \(-0.79\) & \(-0.93\) \\  & 75 & \(-1.08\) & \(-0.91\) & \(-0.60\) & \(-0.67\) \\  & \(p\)-value & & \(0.000\)* & & \(0.000\)* & \\ \hline \multirow{6}{*}{Normalized skewness} & Mean & \(0.15\) & \(0.04\) & \(0.23\) & \(-0.03\) \\  & Minimum value & \(-0.69\) & \(-1.86\) & \(-1.13\) & \(-1.40\) \\  & Maximum value & \(0.88\) & \(1.05\) & \(1.70\) & \(1.17\) \\  & Percentile 25 & \(0.03\) & \(-0.15\) & \(0.08\) & \(-0.24\) \\  & 50 & \(0.13\) & \(0.04\) & \(0.24\) & \(0.01\) \\  & 75 & \(0.27\) & \(0.23\) & \(0.40\) & \(0.20\) \\  & \(p\)-value & & \(0.000\)* & & \(0.000\)* & \\ \hline \multicolumn{2}{c}{/u/} & & & & \\ \hline \multirow{6}{*}{Normalized kurtosis} & Mean & \(-0.94\) & \(-0.90\) & \(-0.89\) & \(-0.89\) \\  & Minimum value & \(-1.72\) & \(-1.70\) & \(-1.70\) & \(-1.76\) \\  & Maximum value & \(0.62\) & \(4.68\) & \(1.85\) & \(4.55\) \\  & Percentile 25 & \(-1.17\) & \(-1.23\) & \(-1.13\) & \(-1.17\) \\  & 50 & \(-0.93\) & \(-0.94\) & \(-0.93\) & \(-0.95\) \\  & 75 & \(-0.72\) & \(-0.65\) & \(-0.68\) & \(-0.68\) \\  & \(p\)-value & & \(0.051\) & & \(0.000\)* & \\ \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 4: HOS values in each vowel between women and men. The input of the FNN and CNN consists of various parameters, such as MFCCs, MFCCs + HOSs, LPCCs, LPCCs + HOSs, and the output of the FNN and CNN is coded to be zero if it is found to be a pathological voice, and if it is found to be a normal voice, it should be marked as 1. In Table 5, the first and second parameters consisting of 20-dimensional MFCCs and LPCCs were extracted from the window signals of 40 milliseconds using a frameshift of 20 milliseconds. The same settings have been applied in many previous studies [30]. The following parameter, MFCCs + HOSs, was created by adding two parameters to the 20-dimensional MFCCs; thus, it had 22 dimensions. The LPCCs + HOSs parameter also has the same dimensions as MFCCs + HOSs. Finally, the MFCCs + MFCC deltas + HOSs parameters consist of 20-dimensional MFCCs, 20-dimensional MFCC deltas, and skewness and kurtosis with 42 dimensions. Therefore, the total dimensions range from 20 to 42. All voice data were grouped into sets of training (70% of the data) and testing (30%) to implement all methods. As shown in Table 1, in the mixed data of men and women, 363 were used for the training datasets and 155 were used for the testing datasets.