## 3 Artificial Intelligence as Enabler for Adoption of Nuclear Maritime Ships
### Radiation Protection  
Extensive exposure to radiation generated during nuclear reactor operation necessitates strict measures to ensure the safety of operators and workers. To that end, rigorous protocols have been established to accomplish the following: (i) minimize the risk of accidents that could lead to radiation release and (ii) reduce the likelihood of accidental human exposure. Notably, in the event of an accident, it is crucial to initiate mitigation activities as quickly as possible, ensuring that all actions align with established protocols and designated procedures [77].  
Figure 3: Architecture of intelligent nuclear reactor training system for nuclear ships that combines explainable artificial intelligence and digital twins.  
The nuclear maritime industry faces the same radiation protection challenges while also considering safety measures both during travel and while docked at a port. Additionally, the maritime sector commonly employs personnel on short-term contracts, leading to frequent staff turnover. As a result, crew members may not have sufficient time to fully absorb and internalize radiation protection procedures.  
AI can offer effective solutions for enhancing radiation protection and ensuring human safety. A key application of AI is in the design of optimal physical protection systems, which improve safety while keeping costs low [78]. Unlike land-based reactors, maritime reactors are confined to limited spaces within vessels. As a result, the need for optimized protection systems is further emphasized by spatial constraints.  
AI-powered Large Language Models (LLMs) have been widely applied to support decision-making across various domains. Similarly, nuclear maritime vessels can leverage LLMs to efficiently train newly hired personnel while maintaining their situational awareness through personalized training programs.  
Additionally, in emergency situations, onboard personnel without nuclear-specific training can use LLMs to quickly identify the necessary procedures to follow [79]. For example, in the event of an accident, a user could query the LLM for appropriate actions based on their current location--since crew members may be in different areas--to minimize radiation exposure. Notably, AI systems remain unaffected by high-stress situations, ensuring they provide clear and accurate guidance to individuals experiencing panic.  
Furthermore, LLMs can play a crucial role in maintaining knowledge related to radiation protection aboard a ship. Protection procedures and safety guidelines are documented in extensive physical and digital records, making it time-consuming to retrieve specific information when needed [80]. Additionally, critical details may be dispersed across multiple pages or documents, making their identification and synthesis into a coherent summary challenging. LLM tools can efficiently search, extract, and summarize relevant information into a single, concise text. By doing so, AI helps preserve institutional knowledge, ensuring that valuable information remains accessible and does not get lost or buried within vast volumes of documentation.