# A New Reform of Mining Production and Management Modes under Industry 4.0: Cloud Mining Mode
## 2 Background of Reform
### Driving Force of Reform  
Since the 1990s, Finland, Canada, Sweden, and other countries have successively formulated development plans for \"intelligent mines\" and \"unmanned mines\", in order to gain a competitive advantage in the mining industry. Professor [PERSON] first proposed the concept of a \"digital mine\" in 1999 in China [20]. Mining enterprises have been developing continuously for more than 20 years, following the road of digital and intelligent transformation, and have achieved many results. Remote control and autonomous operation equipment have enabled unmanned operation in local areas of underground mines [21; 22]. Complete industrial ring networks and wireless networks covering entire mines have enabled the timely transmission of information and data [23; 24]. The innovation of 3D modeling technologies can accurately model the ore body [25; 26]. Remote management and control platforms have laid a good foundation for the remote production and operation of mines. Mine production is developing towards remote control and unmanned operation [27]. Many mines are geographically remote, and their working environment is difficult. The aging of the labor force is serious, and safety problems are very prominent [18]. The Chinese government proposes to promote the intelligence of traditional industries in its national strategy. In guiding the construction of intelligent mines, it is proposed to gradually promote the cloud-based deployment of traditional services, in order to achieve mines with an entirely unmanned production process. The mining production and management modes are undergoing profound changes [28]. The innovation and application of modern technologies have given birth to new economic models, such as platform economy, sharing economy, cloud service, etc. [9; 29; 30; 31]. This has brought great changes to people's working methods and service modes; it also creates good conditions for the innovation of production and management modes of mining enterprises. We describe the driving force of reform from four perspectives:  
* Advanced technologies are widely used in mines [32; 33; 34]. The combination of big data analysis and artificial intelligence can monitor and effectively predict hidden dangers on the production site in real time. Automatic control combined with machine learning can improve the accuracy of repetitive tasks. Cloud technology has established a comprehensive management platform for mining enterprises, and laid the foundation for enterprise cloud operation and maintenance. Edge computing minimizes latency from data generation to respond in real-time production operations;
* The solution and top-level design are gradually improving [35; 36; 37]. Relevant national policies and standards are gradually promulgated, highlighting the direction for the intelligent construction of mines. Through the construction of infrastructure and the establishment of operating platforms, the cloud integration of mining business systems will be promoted. At present, the industrial cloud platform is developing rapidly [3; 9]. For example, the Predix cloud established by GE in the United States has become the first cloud service platform specifically developed for industrial data and analysis. Siemens has launched the \"MindSphere\" industrial cloud platform, designed as an open ecosystem. MineRP, the world's only enterprise mineral resource planning platform, has successfully implemented electronic business process management solutions for clients in the platinum, gold, iron, and diamond mining industries;
* Several industries have achieved remarkable results in digital transformation. Intelligent logistics, intelligent warehousing, and intelligent homes have become reality [38; 39; 40]. Intelligent cities and intelligent enterprises are gradually being built [41]. The cement industry and the pharmaceutical industry can already build a full-process intelligent factory [42; 43].