## 6 Conclusions  
The findings of this paper suggest that extreme rainfall that usually occurs between December and January is a triggering factor for landslides along the R518 road in Thohoyandou. Such rainfall can compromise the stability of the road slopes and worsen the high landslide-prone area. Besides the post landslide reported, the area has been observed to slope instability in summer month which also correlate with extreme rainfall within the area during this period. The material behavior changes from that of a solid phase to a liquid one during heavy rainfall. Soil particles lose their bond under extreme rainfall and give way to landslides.  
The core of the work was the simulation of slopes of different soil types that have provided results in support of physical observation. Three soil types were simulated: silt clay, clay, and clay loam slopes. Using FEM (SLIDEs) in sunny conditions the slope was simulated to be stable in both silt clay and clay loam, while in clay slope the FoS predicted that the slope is generally unstable or less stable. Further simulations in rainy conditions have shown that in all three cases, FoS values were estimated to be 0.200 to 0.363 signifying a high likelihood for slope failure. Owing to that, the FDM (FLACSlope) model was used as a complementary model, and the simulations have indicated that slopes were stable in sunny conditions. Meanwhile, the stability of the slopes was gradually reduced in rainy conditions and later became unstable or total collapses.  
The above simulation using FLACSlope on FoS also incorporated maximum strain taking place across the slope, it was also observed that the displacement was a gradual increase with the increase in the water table. This leads the study to further the simulations by creating pore pressure analysis. Similar to other studies, it was denoted that the water pore pressure increases with the increase in the water table, which also reduces the stress interacting across soil particles, allowing the particles to move freely by reducing the friction among the soil particles. Therefore, it is concluded that the slopes along the R518 road are of high risk when exposed to heavy rainfall. However, mitigation can be implemented to stabilize slopes, including channeling natural water streams around the area. Road walls may be the other mitigating solution, but further research is needed to ascertain their efficacy. It is crucial to indicate that extreme rainfall is not the only contributing slope instability factor in the study area, but the scope of the study is limit to the effect of extreme rainfall on the soil slope.  
Indeed, the numerical models used have shown some great correlation among them. However, the model has proven that they can be used for hazard identification of certain slopes by understanding the properties of material climate change within the study area.  
Conceptualization, F.S. and F.M.; methodology, F.S. and F.M.; software, F.S.; validation, F.M.; formal analysis, F.S. and F.M.; investigation, F.S. and F.M.; resources, F.S. and F.M.; data curation, F.S. and F.M.; writing--original draft preparation, F.S. and F.M.; writing--review and editing, F.S. and F.M.; visualization,F.S. and F.M.; supervision, F.M.; project administration, F.S.; funding acquisition, F.S. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.  
The two Universities (the University of Limpopo and the University of South Africa) provided funds for this study.  
The authors would like to appreciate the sponsorship given by the two Universities (the University of Limpopo and the University of South Africa). The authors would like to appreciate the assistance and efforts made by [PERSON] in generating the geological map of the study area.  
The author wishes to confirm that there are no known conflict of interest associated with this publication, furthermore, there has been no financial support given to influence the outcome of this work.