## 3 Methodology
### Phase III: Verification and Validation
#### 3.3.1 Study 1: User's Preferences for Museum Signifier  
Study 1 aimed to verify the visual signifiers and the features of the museum environment on a large display from the user's perspective. The method used in Study 1 was adopted from the existing research work by [PERSON] [35] to collect the user's visual feedback. The participants were instructed to choose; the proper size of signifiers relative to screen size, the proper colour of the signifier for the type of background and the necessity of labelling included on icon buttons.  
* **Research procedure**  
Study 1 was conducted in the virtual reality laboratory at the Department of Computer and Information Sciences, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Malaysia with a total of 20 participants with each participant interacting with the device at a time. The participants were briefly explained by the experimenter about the Microsoft SUR40 tabletop, the aim of the study and the interface used. The study was conducted in two sessions with different types of interfaces. The participant sits facing the interface and received instructions from the experimenter. Every step to selecting a proper size of signifier respected to the screen size and colour of the signifier respected to the type of background was guided by the experimenter. The procedure was repeated for the second session.  
* **Post-study**  
After completing Study 1, all participants were required to complete a survey related to the studies. Questions for Study 1 aim to obtain visual feedback in large displays related to alternative sizes and colours and text included on icon buttons from the user's perspective. The questionnaires were on a Likert scale base with seven points. It is regarded as a balanced psychometric rating scale that does not include very few or too many categories of reaction against items. Compared to other Likert scales, it offers respondents a fair opportunity to express their views against the items. Recently, scientists in current HCI research have been notified that the 7-point Likert scale is mainly preferred [17]. It allows respondents to differentiate the distinct reaction categories (plus-minus) for the topic of the research based on their cognitive ability to process data. The questions are to be shown in the Appendix A.  
These questions lead to conducting an Analytic Hierarchical Process (AHP) analysis to determine the ranking of the obtained visual feedback from the user's perspective. There were two outcomes to derive from the calculation which are: (1) a ranking for features and (2) a ranking for feature size. It is also implemented to improve the high fidelity. The first outcome is considered additional information for future work. That is because all the features involved were considered important for the museum signifiers. Additionally, obtaining a ranking was to know the priority among the features when the museum setting involved a large display. Thus, Analytic Hierarchical Process (AHP) is chosen because of its decision-making process that includes structuring parameters into a hierarchy [36; 37; 38]. The second outcome is to determine a suitable size for a museum signifier on a large display.