## 3 Applications
### Three-Dimensional Scanning Applications in Cultural Heritage Field
Recently, 3D scanning technology was utilized to create a detailed digital model of the Parthenon. This allowed for an in-depth analysis of the building's construction and the identification of previously unseen details. The 3D scanning operations provided a precise and accurate representation of the temple, which offered valuable information for architectural, historical, and cultural studies. The use of 3D scanning in this case has significantly contributed to a deepened understanding of the Parthenon and its place in history. Figure 4 depicts the relevant operations [67]. Another relevant case concerned the [PERSON] tomb in Egypt, where 3D scanning was used to document the tomb of the ancient Egyptian queen [PERSON], which was closed to the public for many years due to preservation concerns. The digital model of the tomb allowed for virtual tours to be created, allowing people to explore the tomb from anywhere in the world. The [PERSON] tomb, located in the Valley of the Queens in Egypt, is an unprecedented testament to ancient Egyptian royalty and the rich history of the region. However, the tomb was closed to the public for many years due to concerns over preservation and conservation. In order to document this unique and important site, 3D scanning technology was used to create a digital model of the tomb's interior. With the help of this technology, researchers and preservationists were able to document the intricate details of the tomb's murals, decorations, and architecture, providing valuable information for future generations. The digital model of the tomb also enabled virtual to be created, allowing people from all over the world to explore this amazing site from the comfort of their own homes. In this way, the use of 3D scanning technology has played a crucial role in preserving the legacy of the [PERSON] tomb and ensuring that its story is not lost to time. The virtual tours allow for a greater understanding of the tomb's rich cultural and historical significance, and provide a new way for people to explore and appreciate this important site. The 3D scanning of the [PERSON] tomb was performed by a team of experts, including archaeologists, conservators, and technology specialists. Figure 5 depicts the relevant work conducted in Nefertari tomb [68,69]. In addition, the Bamiyan Buddhas in Afghanistan is also a relevant case where 3D scanning was used to document the status of Bamiyan Buddhas. The Bamiyan Buddhas in Afghanistan were two massive ancient statues of the [PERSON] carved into the cliff face of Bamiyan Valley. Sadly, they were destroyed by the Taliban in 2001. Recently, however, there has been a resurgence of interest in preserving and reconstructing the site. One of the methods being used is 3D scanning. By using lasers to scan the remaining structures, a digital model of the Bamiyan Buddhas can be created, allowing for detailed analysis and potential reconstruction in the future. This innovative technique is helping to keep the memory of the Bamiyan Buddhas alive and ensure that their cultural significance will be preserved. Figure 6 depicts the relevant 3D scanning operations in Bamiyan Buddhas, Afghanistan [70]. Figure 4: Three-dimensional scanning operations in Parthenon artifacts [67]. In this context, another relevant case documented in published literature is that of the Great Wall of China where 3D scanning was used to create a detailed digital model of the Great Wall of China, which allows for the analysis of the wall's construction and the identification of areas in need of preservation. The Great Wall of China is one of the most iconic and recognizable structures in the world, and was recently subject to 3D scanning technology in order to better understand its history and preservation. Three-dimensional  
Figure 5: Three-dimensional scanning operations in Nefertari tomb [69]. Figure 6: Three-dimensional scanning operations in Bamiyan Buddhas, Afghanistan [71]. scanning involved capturing detailed digital data of a physical object, which can then be used to create a virtual model.