# Blockchain's Grand Promise for the Real Estate Sector: A Systematic Review
## 4 Discussion  
This section discusses the results and answers the research questions. Then, this section discusses the limitations and validity of the study. The publication trend suggests increasing global interest in blockchain technology in the real estate sector. The current study found that the literature often justifies blockchain adoption in the real estate sector by referring to the current issues that blockchain is proposed to solve or ease. Interestingly, many of the real estate sector's current issues that the literature highlights, such as inequality, inefficiency, fraud and corruption, and complexity, seem multi-dimensional and systematic, generating the question: how could any single technology be the answer to such complex issues? Another important finding of the current research was that most of the exponentially increasing literature proposing blockchain for the real estate sector continues to be technically focused, as revealed by the keyword analysis. Conceptual papers overall form a significant share of the literature. Many of the abstract blockchain proposals for the real estate sector could even be described as idealistic or overly simplistic--and, as such, seem very far from practical applications. Will most idealistic conceptual blockchain proposals for the real estate sector ever see daylight? Moreover, most of the concepts--especially in land administration--are technically focused and lack attention to the organizational and environmental contexts of the adoption. These findings also stress the importance of understanding the blockchain implementation challenges to develop successful applications. Many of the blockchain proposals discussed in the literature, especially the examples that formed a significant share of the literature, only contain little detail. This research mainly consisted of literature retrieved from academic databases, so the results should be interpreted to capture the academic viewpoint. Generally, real estate is under-researched compared to the asset class size. Specifically, research on some subsectors, e.g., real estate administration, is typically limited. On the other hand, compared to the available real-estate-related research, the recent exponentially increasing interest in blockchains appears noteworthy, signaling that real-estate-focused blockchain research attracts interest from multiple other fields, as supported by the document analysis. Interestingly, although energy management and IoT are prevalent blockchain research and application domains related to real estate maintenance, the real estate literature has yet to recognize blockchain potential in this subsector. Figure 6 provides a visual overview of the results and answers the research questions, illustrating the current real estate issues blockchain could ease, the most attractive real estate subsectors for blockchain, and blockchain pros and cons in the real estate sector. RQ1: Which possibilities could blockchain offer for the real estate sector and where? The real estate subsector analysis above provides a thorough overview of the current emphasis on blockchain possibilities in the real estate sector. As shown in Figure 6 below, the most attractive real estate subsectors for blockchain emerging in the literature were land administration, property transactions, real estate investment, leasing and renting, and real estate administration. More than half of the papers discussed blockchain within land administration, which might partly be explained by the fact that all documents specifying a link to the land registry or cadaster or discussing property rights were classified under land administration. On the other hand, creating tokenized indirect real estate investment products [16; 17; 114] and blockchain-based residential rental service platforms [90; 91; 136; 159; 161; 175] seem to be other possible routes for blockchain applications to materialize in the real estate sector--based on the literature's emphasis.