## 2 Review of Literature  
In this section, we present the previous studies that have implemented water monitoring and quality system using different methods. In a study, an algorithm is proposedfor monitoring the water quality using temperature, soil moisture sensors, and the system is powered on solar power [16]. A system is proposed for evaluating the significant role of non-point sources and in the study, the contribution of nutrients and containments are evaluated [17]. A wireless aquatic environment surveillance system is presented with sensor nodes for monitoring the pH, dissolved oxygen, conductivity, and temperature [6]. A wireless monitoring system is proposed with Zigbee technology for minimizing the costs as well as flexibility and this system transmits the information related to water to the user [18]. An automatic system is proposed for realizing the automatic monitoring of artificial lake water and this system utilizes temperature, pH sensors for monitoring the water quality [19]. In this study, the significance of implementing Zigbee protocol for wireless monitoring of irrigation and Zigbee consumes low power during the transmission of the data through wireless mode [20; 21]. A wireless surveillance communication model is proposed for monitoring the water distribution and this communication model utilizes flat earth double-ray model for validation [22]. A Smart Coast Multi-Sensor System is developed for monitoring the quality of water by measuring the temperature, level of phosphate, and the amount of oxygen dissolved, conductivity, pH, turbidity, and water levels [23]. A framework is proposed for monitoring water in a real-time environment with IoT and to monitor the water quality in real-time mode, Wi-Fi mode is integrated with a pH sensor [24]. Moreover, at present, long-range communication is widely implemented in many applications, as it providing reliable and efficient communication with low power and long-range during the transmission of the data from the end devices to the server [25; 26]. To monitor the water quality an innovative solution is implemented and during the implementation of water quality monitoring, the pH level sensor and DO sensor with global positioning system (GPS) are employed [27]. The system adopted effectively implements the long-range system of IoT water quality monitoring without data loss; the main focus of the system is on the use of devices such as pH, temperature, turbidity and conductance [28].  
The reviewed papers show the existing work done by different people all around the world on water conservation and quality management. The articles showed that previous systems were wired, with time-consuming and difficult measurement of quality by hand. In businesses and farming sectors, automatic wiring systems for water usage were then deployed. Later techniques for informing users in residences of water level have been created. The cable networks have been transformed into wireless systems. A system was created using GSM to enable users to monitor the industry or the building anywhere. RF then arrived with new sensor nodes, using wireless technology such as ZigBee. The study carried out was a comprehensive water control system that monitors water level and water quality sensor data remotely and automates the engine and data retrieved on the server through Wi-Fi. A detailed comparison of the different studies is presented in Table 1.