# Experimental and Numerical Studies on the Impact Energy Absorption of Cutting Shear Rings
## 6 Conclusions  
The current work is mainly focused on an energy absorption device based on CSR. It not only overcomes the disadvantage that traditional energy absorption devices cannot be used in small spaces due to the need to reserve transverse deformation space but also solves the shortcomings of the complex design and poor practicability of CST. Under ideal conditions, it can quickly absorb collision energy and mitigate impact in a very narrow space with no chip generation. The impact energy absorption characteristics of shear rings are analyzed by the combination of a drop hammer test and numerical element simulation in this work.  
The conclusions are as follows:  
1. Through the analysis of the F-T curve obtained from the drop hammer impact test, it is found that the energy absorption process of shear rings is often accompanied by the generation of peak forces, which plays an important role in determining whether  
Figure 10: Impact process key parameter curve. (**a**) Velocity—51.67 mm/4; (**b**) velocity—31.00 mm/6; (**c**) velocity—22.14 mm/8; (**d**) impact force—51.67 mm/4; (**e**) impact force—31.00 mm/6; (**f**) impact force—22.14 mm/8; (**g**) summary—peak force; (**h**) summary—energy absorption.  
the installation of the device is secure and whether the energy absorption process can be carried out effectively.
2. By comparing the experiment with numerical simulation, the accuracy and rationality of the comprehensive modeling method of an energy absorption device based on CSR are verified. The preliminary study using numerical simulation can save a lot of human and material resources and greatly improve the research's efficiency.
3. There is an obvious positive correlation between the energy absorption of the device and the number and thickness of shear rings. To be exact, there is a linear trend between the number of shear rings and the energy absorption, and the slope increases with the increase in thickness.
4. The peak force of the shear rings' impact energy absorption process is positively correlated with the thickness of the shear rings. It occurs when each shear ring fails, and the maximum peak force usually occurs when the first shear ring fails.  
Conceptualization, S.Y. and Y.W.; methodology, S.Y. and C.S.; software, Y.W.; validation, Y.W.; formal analysis, Y.W.; investigation, N.Z.; resources, X.F.; data curation, Y.W.; writing--original draft preparation, Y.W.; writing--review and editing, S.Y., Y.W. and N.Z.; supervision, S.Y. and N.Z. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.  
This research was funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 11902369 and 12272414), the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan province (Project No. 2021J)30786), and the Project of State Key Laboratory of High-Performance Complex Manufacturing, Central South University (Projects No. ZZYJKT2021-08). In addition, this work was supported in part by the High-Performance Computing Center of Central South University.  
Not applicable.  
Data available on request.  
The authors declare no conflict of interest.