## 3 Results
### Antagonistic Activity of Lactic Acid Bacteria
aureus_ S2A strain (growth inhibition zone in the range of 17-19 mm) was also noted in the case of the _Lactobacillus acidophilus_ LOCK 0928 bacteria cultures with crude extracts (ethanol and acetone) and in the system consisting of _Levilactobacillus brevis_ LOCK0944 cultures with the addition of purified ethanol extract. The lowest antimicrobial potential in relation to the _S. aureus_ S2A strain was demonstrated by the two-component LR systems consisting of _Levilactobacillus brevis_ LOCK 0992 cultures in combination with ethanol extracts (crude and purified) and the combination of purified ethanol extract with the _Levilactobacillus brevis_ LOCK 0980 culture. A low anti-staphylococcal potential was also characterized by systems consisting of the _Levilactobacillus brevis_ MG451814 and _Levilactobacillus brevis_ LOCK 0980 cultures in combination with acetone extracts (growth inhibition zone equal to 13.33 mm), as well as a combination of purified acetone extract with _Lacticaseobacillus casei_ LOCK 0979 and _Lactokacillus acid_ LOCK 0928 (growth inhibition zone in the range of 13-15 mm). It is worth noting that although 28 2-component LR systems were obtained to inhibit the growth of _S. aureus_ S2A bacteria, the overall antagonistic activity of the LR systems toward this strain should be assessed as low. Four systems based on the _Levilactobacillus brevis_ MG451814 strain showed anti-staphylococcal activity, although it was not observed in the control sample. Out of all 28 LR systems tested, the strongest antagonistic activity was observed in relation to the _S. epidermidis_ R1A strain using a system consisting of purified acetone extract and the _Lacticaseobacillus rhamnos_ LOCK 0943 strain. On the other hand, the weakest antagonistic properties of the LR systems were observed in the case of S. _aureus_ S2A (a combination of both ethanol extracts with the _Levilactobacillus brevis_ LOCK 0992 strain and a combination of purified ethanol extract with the _Levilactobacillus brevis_ LOCK 0980 strain). Of all the environmental isolates tested, _S. epidermidis_ R1A and _S. haemolyticus_ R2A turned out to be the most sensitive strains to the effects of environmental systems consisting of polyphenols and LAB cultures. It is worth emphasizing that in the case of the antagonistic properties of the two-component LR systems, the antimicrobial activity against the _S. epidermidis_ R1A and _S. haemolyticus_ R2A strains was largely due to the addition of extracts. On the other hand, the _S. aureus_ S2A strain was most resistant to the antagonistic effects of co-cultures of LABs and polyphenols. Figure 2 shows the differences in the size of the zones of inhibition of the growth of bacteria of the genus _Staphylococcus_ caused by the action of LR systems in relation to the antagonistic properties of basic lactic acid bacteria cultures. The combination of lactic acid bacteria and polyphenols contained in the _Rosa rugosa_ Thub. pseudo-fruit pomace in a common culture system had a positive or negative effect, depending on the tested strain of the genus _Staphylococcus_. It is interesting that the lack of statistically significant differences in the operation of the LR system accounted for only 15% of all examined cases. Among the results with a statistically significant difference, nearly 41% showed a favorable effect from polyphenols on the LAB antagonistic properties (increase in the zone of growth inhibition). LR systems consisting of LAB and rose extracts significantly influenced the growth of the isolates _S. epidermidis_ R1A and _S. haemolyticus_ R2A. Both strains were more sensitive to the effects of LAB systems in combination with ethanol and acetone extracts than in the case of stock cultures. In the case of the remaining isolates (_S. saprophyticus_ R3A, _S. saprophyticus_ S1A, and _S. aureus_ S2A), the use of LR systems resulted in a statistically significant reduction in the growth inhibition zones compared with the control sample.