## 2 Physical and Mechanical Properties of Rock Mass Under THMC Coupling
### Overview of Multi-Field Coupled Rock-Deformation Studies
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{p{56.9 pt} p{113.8 pt} p{113.8 pt}} \hline
**No.** & **Reference** & **Main Content/Mechanical Approach** \\ \hline
15. & [PERSON] et al. (2009) [100] & Numerical simulation of THMC processes in deformable, fractured porous media \\
16. & [PERSON] et al. (2008) [101] & A coupled THMC model of the FEBEX mock-up test \\
17. & [PERSON] et al. (2010) [102] & A coupled THMC model of a heating and hydration laboratory experiment in unsaturated, compacted FEBEX bentonite \\
18. & [PERSON] et al. (2021) [103] & Coupled THMC modeling on acid fracturing in carbonatite geothermal reservoirs containing a heterogeneous fracture \\
19. & [PERSON] et al. (2015) [104] & Stress evolution in THMC GMZ-bentonite China-Mock-up for geological disposal of high-level radioactive waste in China \\
20. & [PERSON] et al. (2018) [105] & A coupled THMC model for methane hydrate-bearing sediments using COMSOL Multiphysics \\
21. & [PERSON] et al. (2017) [106] & A coupled THMC modeling application of cemented coal gangue-fly ash backfill \\
22. & [PERSON] et al. (2011) [107] & Coupled THMC modeling of CO\({}_{2}\) injection by finite element methods \\
23. & [PERSON] et al. (2003) [108] & Numerical modeling for coupled THMC processes of geological media—International and Chinese experiences \\
24. & [PERSON] et al. (2008) [109] & THMC coupling in geomaterials and applications \\
25. & [PERSON] et al. (2012) [110] & THMC coupling with damage mechanics using ESCRIPTRT and ABAQUS \\
26. & [PERSON] et al. (2004) [111] & THMC modeling of rock mass behavior \\
27. & [PERSON] et al. (2016) [60] & Development of approaches for modeling coupled THMC processes in single-granite-fracture experiments \\
28. & [PERSON] et al. (2016) [63] & Bounding the uncertainty of key THMC processes during fluid flow in fractured granite synthesis of coupled THMC modeling of a single novaultic fracture for DECOVALEX-2015 \\
29. [PERSON] [PERSON] et al. (2016) [112] & Application of hybrid numerical and analytical solutions for the simulation of coupled THMC processes during fluid flow through a fractured rock \\
30. & [PERSON] et al. (2015) [62] & Application of hybrid numerical and analytical solutions for the simulation of coupled THMC processes during fluid flow through a fractured rock \\
31. & [PERSON] et al. (2011) [113] & Temporal alteration of fracture permeability in granite under hydrothermal conditions and its interpretation by coupled chemo-mechanical model \\
32. & [PERSON] et al. (2020) [114] & A review of the research on physical and mechanical properties and constitutive model of rock under THMC multi-field coupling \\
33. & [PERSON] et al. (2016) [115] & THMC processes in fractured porous media \\
34. & [PERSON] et al. (2014b) [116] & Coupled THMC modeling of a single fracture in novaultic for DECOVALEX-2015 \\
35. & [PERSON] et al. (2016) [117] & Coupled THMC modeling on chemical stimulation in fractured geothermal reservoirs \\
36. & [PERSON] et al. (2024) [118] & A granular thermodynamic constitutive model considering THMC coupling effect for hydrate-bearing sediment \\
37. & [PERSON] et al. (2016) [119] & Assessment of THMC performances of Ca-type bentonite–graphite mixtures as buffer materials for a high-level radioactive waste repository \\
38. & [PERSON] et al. (2016) [120] & Coupled THMC simulation of silicate rocks with an enriched-FEM model \\
39. & [PERSON] et al. (2024) [121] & Fully coupled THM constitutive model for clay rocks \\ \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 1: Cont. [PERSON] et al. developed a THM model established upon the Discrete Element Method (DEM) to address mechanics-hydraulic coupling in fractured porous media [122; 123]. Meanwhile, [PERSON] et al. [33] proposed a THMC coupling model governed by conservation of mass and energy principles, incorporating equations for THMC fields.