## 1 Introduction  
The study of the effect of the driving load on psychological and physiological responses is a fundamental problem in the field of neuroscience. The study of the effect of driving load on psychological and physiological responses is a fundamental problem in neuroscience. The study of the effect of driving load on psychological and physiological responses is a fundamental problem in neuroscience. ## 1 Introduction  
The process of prescribing and periodizing a training program, whether for sports performance, fitness, or health, is systematic and complex, aiming to induce morphological, metabolic, and functional changes to enhance performance or health [1]. Given the complexity and systematic nature of the training process, rigorous monitoring is necessary to implement all planned changes effectively. Typically, assessments are conducted throughout load monitoring, which involves controlling and analyzing the athletic responses to training through less time-demanding or invasive procedures; however, these assessments are usually recommended at specific intervals (e.g., weeks or months) to ensure the effectiveness of the monitoring strategies [1]. Hence, optimizing the daily training plan according to the individual responses (e.g., performance and conditioning adjustments, fatigue and pain levels, and recovery capacity) is essential for individualizing tasks (i.e., exercise mode, intensity, and volume adjustments) and for enhancing athletic and health goals while preventing maladaptive responses and injuries [2; 3; 4]. Indeed, training load monitoring can quantify the psychological and physiological stress levels induced by single or multiple training sessions using objective and subjective methods and tools, such as the rating of perceived exertion (RPE), training impulse (TRIMP), heart rate (HR), amount of movement (accelerometers), and metabolic activation (blood lactate and oxygen uptake) and disturbance (serum levels of creatine kinase and cortisol) [3; 4]. The main advantages of monitoring training load include minimizing errors in training prescription through different metrics, enabling the control of dose-response stimuli from one or more training sessions, assessing individual stress and fatigue levels, preventing undesirable overreaching, early detection of overtraining, and preventing acute and chronic injuries [2; 3]. These advantages have contributed to the effectiveness of physical adaptations, performance enhancement, and injury prevention [3; 4]. In sports science, training load can be classified into external and internal loads. External load refers to the training variables corresponding to the work performed during training or a set of sessions. In contrast, internal load refers to the psychological and physiological stress imposed on the body during exercise, which are crucial factors in the adaptation process to training [2; 5]. Understanding these concepts is crucial for selecting the appropriate method or tool for quantification. In recent years, a growing body of scientific evidence has emerged supporting the use of these tools and strategies in sports and fitness [2; 5]. Measurements of external load can be made using parameters such as distance covered, global positioning data, sprints performed, power output, and/or weight lifted [1; 6]. However, more than merely understanding the methods and tools related to external load, there is a need to ensure successful monitoring. In this process, coaches play a crucial role which involves being aware of the most appropriate methods and tools for monitoring the specific external load demands of a given sport or exercise, and they must also recognize how the external load metrics may vary between individuals [5]  
On the other hand, some methods for monitoring internal load include RPE, monotony, training strain, TRIMP, HR, hormonal and biochemical markers, questionnaires, and diaries [2; 3].