## 1 Introduction  
On 6 February 2023, a Mw 7.8 earthquake destroyed southern and central Turkey as well as northern and western Syria. 37 km (23 miles) west-northwest of Gaziantep is where the epicenter was. The earthquake near Antakya, Hatay Province, peaked with a Mercalli rating of XII (Extreme) as mentioned in [1]. The epicenter of the strong earthquake, followed by the one that occurred on February 6 by nine hours, was 95 km (59 miles) to the north-northeast of the most recent one. There was significant destruction and tens of thousands of deaths. At least 57,300 fatalities had been reported as of 20 March 2023, with more than 50,000 of those occurring in Turkey and more than 7200 in Syria [2]. It was the deadliest natural disaster in the history of Turkey and the largest natural disaster to hit Turkey in modern times since the earthquake in Antioch in 526 [3]. Aside from being the deadliest earthquake since the 1822 Aleppo earthquake in modern-day Syria, it was also the worst earthquake worldwide since the 2010 Haiti earthquake and the sixth deadliest of the twenty-first century [4]. The fourth-costliest earthquakes on record, damages in Turkey were expected to total USD 104 billion, and in Syria, USD 5.1 billion [5]. There are strong correlations between earthquakes, climate changes, and mining activities [6; 7; 8]. Many scientists have predicted that the frequency of earthquakes will keep increasing [9]. Figure 1 illustrates the location of earthquakes that occurred in the last 12 months with intensity larger than 7 Moment W-phase (Mww). In [10], the first paper on the idea of earthquake early warning systems (EEWS) in 1985 was presented. These systems are networks of ground-based sensors that alert users when the earth starts to tremble. EEWS operates under the assumption that, despite the slow speed at which seismic waves move, electronic alerts from the epicenter region may be delivered almost instantly. The process is as follows:  
1. Several types of seismic waves radiate from an earthquake's epicenter. Sensors are activated by P-waves, which are weaker but move more quickly. Thereafter, sensors send signals to cloud servers for processing. Figure 1: Major earthquakes that occurred in the last 12 months as reported in [11]. 2. Algorithms in the cloud server instantly determine the location, magnitude, and severity of an earthquake. How big is it? Who will suffer from this? 3. The technology sends out an alert before slower but more destructive S-waves and surface waves arrive. Those who are close to the epicenter will not receive much, if any, warning beforehand, while those who are farther away could only have a few seconds to brace themselves. EWS may help reduce some of the injuries and damage caused by large earthquakes when used in conjunction with automated countermeasures such as stopping trains or turning off gas lines. Recent years have seen a significant increase in the number of traditional as well as contemporary technology utilized in EEWSs [12; 13; 14]. As a consequence of this, effective integration of the numerous scientific fields is sought after in order to serve such crucial systems. In general, actions taken to reduce risks, conduct seismic hazard assessments, determine site specifications, and the like can be of assistance in this regard [15; 16; 17; 18; 19]. Developing a reliable EEWS necessitates solving a number of issues that are impacted by the ongoing difficulties associated with earthquake catastrophes. These issues include the observation of earthquake characteristics, and the environment type [20; 21; 22; 23; 24; 25]. Radio-frequency identification, satellite systems, the Internet of Things (IoT), network functions virtualization (NFV), 5G, software-defined networks (SDN), data networks, and a variety of other technologies have all been the focus of significant research in recent years in an effort to lessen the damage that earthquakes cause [26; 27; 28; 29; 30; 31; 32; 33; 34].