# Design, Deployment and Evolution of Heterogeneous Smart Public Lighting Systems
## 6 Deployment and Configuration of a Smart Lighting Infrastructure
### Step 1. Preliminary Design  
The preliminary design of a smart lighting infrastructure is composed by the following phases:  
**Phase 1.1. Acquisition of the plant topology and connectivity survey. ** The preliminary design begins with the acquisition of layout of the existing lighting infrastructure, to identify areas that might suffer from connectivity problems. Already available networks (cellular, WiFi, optical fiber,...) \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Communication** & **Strengths** & **Weakness** & **Opportunities** & **Threats** \\ \hline Wired: PLC & Well proven technology & Single service network. & N/A. & N/A. \\  & for smart lighting services. & Maintenance required. & & \\  & No need for cable laying. & Vulnerability to failures. & & \\  & & Low bit-rate. & & \\ \hline Wireless: Cellular (NB-IoT) & No need for & Fee for all streetlights. & N/A. & Third party network. \\  & network deployment & Possible coverage gaps. & Network switch off \\  & and maintenance. & High latency & due to obsolescence. \\  & & (no dynamic dimming). & Possible increasing \\  & & Low bit rate. & & fee over time. \\  & & Lighting infrastructure & & \\  & & not used for other services. & & \\ \hline Wireless: Cellular (GC/4G) & No need for & Fee for all streetlights. & N/A. & Third party network. \\  & network deployment & Possible coverage gaps. & & Network switch off \\  & and maintenance. & Lighting infrastructure & due to obsolescence. \\  & & High bit rate. & not used for other services. & & Possible increasing \\  & & Low latency & & fee over time. \\  & & (for dynamic dimming) & & \\  & & only with increased fee. & & \\ \hline Sigfox & No need for & Fee for all streetlights. & N/A. & Third party network. \\  & network deployment & Possible coverage gaps. & & Possible increasing \\  & and maintenance. & High latency. & & fee over time. \\  & & Low bit-rate. & & \\  & & Lighting infrastructure & & \\  & & not used for other services. & & \\ \hline Wireless: LoRa & Possible fee only for gateways & Need for network deployment. & Private network. & N/A. \\  & to Control Center connectivity. & and maintenance. & Possible coverage gaps. & other services and \\  & & High latency & gain revenues. & \\  & & (no dynamic dimming). & & \\  & & Low bit-rate. & & \\ \hline Wireless: Mesh & Possible fee only for gateways & Need for network deployment & Private network. & N/A. \\ (BMN, IEEE802.15,4...) & to Control Center connectivity. & and maintenance. & Possibility to support & \\  & No coverage gaps. & Higher number of gateways. & other services and \\  & Low latency. & Low bit-rate & gain revenues. & \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 1: Communication networks. SWOT analysis (strengths, weakness, opportunities, threats). are accurately mapped, as they can serve as backbone or provide backbone alternatives to reduce management costs (for instance, avoiding the subscription to a service provider). **Phase 1.2. Choice of the communication technology and detection of gateways positions. ** Starting from the analysis in Phase 1.1, as well as from the willingness of the public lighting holder to create its own network or to rely on a third party network infrastructure, the communication technologies are chosen. If a third party network (e.g., cellular, Sigfox) is used to establish communication links between streetlights and the Control Center, no dedicated gateway needs to be installed, as the network is already in place. If, on the contrary, a proprietary network must be installed, either with a star topology (e.g., LoRa) or a mesh topology (e.g., IEEE802.15.4, BMN), the best locations for the gateways must be detected. Star networks (e.g., LoRa) must prioritize the highest and most central locations, to allow a better coverage, although this could generate additional costs if a fee is to be paid for the hosting of the gateways. Furthermore, star networks can hardly guarantee 100% coverage in urban environments.