# Maximly Sinusitis of Odontogenic Origin: Prevalence among 3D Imaging--A Retrospective Study
## 4 Discussion  
There are anatomical variations in human maxillary sinuses and paranasal sinuses. These structures begin to develop in the third week of gestation, and the development is not complete until early adulthood [20]. Studies conflict on the gender difference in the size of the sinuses--some studies found the size of the sinuses is larger in males [21], whilst others stated there is no difference between males and females [22; 23]. Some believe that smaller sinuses have a reduced flow of air that can lead to low oxygen and reduced motility of the cilia. With both these situations, there may be mucus stagnation and bacterial growth [24]. This study found a difference in mucosal thickening between males (55.9%) and females (55.1%), but this was not significant \(p<0.89\). No significant difference was also found in another study [25]. However, others have found that there was a significant difference in males and females, with mucosal thickening being higher in males [26]. These differences could be accounted for by environmental factors such as smoking or occupation. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c} \hline \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**Root and Tooth Number**} & \multicolumn{4}{c}{**Rate of Sinus Mucosal Thickening (\%)**} & \multirow{2}{*}{\(p\) Value**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**df**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**V**} \\ \cline{2-2} \cline{5-6}  & & **Apex-to-Sinus Distance** & & & & \\ \cline{2-2} \cline{5-6}  & **0 mm** & \(\leq\)**5 mm** & & & & \\ \hline SR 4 & 71.4 & 80.6 & 77.8 & 0.78 & 2 & 0.06 \\ BR 4 & 81.8 & 76.2 & 64 & 0.09 & 2 & 0.14 \\ PR 4 & 76.9 & 80.5 & 62.3 & 0.048 & 2 & 0.18 \\ SR 5 & 85.3 & 64.8 & 67.3 & 0.01 & 2 & 0.21 \\ BR 5 & 94.1 & 57.1 & 55.6 & 0.01 & 2 & 0.41 \\ PR 5 & 90.5 & 66.7 & 55.6 & 0.02 & 2 & 0.36 \\ MRR 6 & 76.7 & 72.2 & 61.1 & 0.06 & 2 & 0.12 \\ DRR 6 & 76.1 & 72.2 & 56.5 & 0.07 & 2 & 0.12 \\ PR 6 & 77.2 & 69.1 & 58.8 & 0.02 & 2 & 0.14 \\ MRR 7 & 85.3 & 68.5 & 27.3 & \(<\)0.001 & 2 & 0.32 \\ DRR 7 & 85.9 & 68.3 & 46.7 & \(<\)0.001 & 2 & 0.27 \\ PR 7 & 87.1 & 67.6 & 52.6 & \(<\)0.001 & 2 & 0.28 \\ MRR 8 & 91.5 & 90.9 & 66.7 & 0.37 & 2 & 0.17 \\ DRR 8 & 93.6 & 90.5 & 50 & 0.03 & 2 & 0.33 \\ PR 8 & 90.9 & 95.2 & 75 & 0.40 & 2 & 0.20 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular} SR: single rooted, BR: buccal root, PR: palatal root, MBR: mesibuccal root, DBR: disdbuccal root, df: degree of freedom, V: Cramér’s V test.  
\end{table} 
Table 2: The effect of the distance between the root tips and the sinus floor on the rate of sinus mucosal thickening. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c} \hline \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**Root and Tooth Number**} & \multicolumn{4}{c}{**Rate of Sinus Mucosal Thickening (\%)**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**} \\ \cline{2-2} \cline{5-6}  & & **Presence of Periapical Lesion** & & & \\ \cline{2-2} \cline{5-6}  & **Yes** & **No** & & & \\ \hline SR 4 & 63.1 & 36.3 & \(<\)0.001 & 1 & 0.25 \\ BR 4 & 52.4 & 39.5 & 0.04 & 1 & 0.13 \\ PR 4 & 52.8 & 38.9 & 0.03 & 1 & 0.14 \\ SR 5 & 53.8 & 36.7 & 0.002 & 1 & 0.16 \\ BR 5 & 45.5 & 41.2 & 0.73 & 1 & 0.04 \\ PR 5 & 47.8 & 43.4 & 0.72 & 1 & 0.04 \\ MRR 6 & 63.1 & 30.5 & \(<\)0.001 & 1 & 0.31 \\ DRR 6 & 62.5 & 30.8 & \(<\)0.001 & 1 & 0.31 \\ PR 6 & 61.8 & 31.1 & \(<\)0.001 & 1 & 0.30 \\ MRR 7 & 63.8 & 37.7 & \(<\)0.001 & 1 & 0.24 \\ DRR 7 & 64.2 & 36.8 & \(<\)0.001 & 1 & 0.25 \\ PR 7 & 65.7 & 35.9 & \(<\)0.001 & 1 & 0.28 \\ MRR 8 & 82.4 & 44.6 & \(<\)0.001 & 1 & 0.35 \\ DRR 8 & 83.3 & 43.2 & \(<\)0.001 & 1 & 0.37 \\ PR 8 & 84.4 & 45.3 & \(<\)0.001 & 1 & 0.35 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular} SR: single rooted, BR: buccal root, PR: palatal root, MBR: mesibuccal root, DBR: disdbuccal root, df: degree of freedom, V: Cramér’s V test.  
\end{table} 
Table 3: The effect of the presence or absence of periapical lesions around the different tooth roots on the rate of sinus mucosal thickening. The prevalence of incidental paranasal inflammatory changes in the Jordan population was 64.3%. This was found in patients who had MRI scans for neurological signs and symptoms [27].