# Highest Cost First-Based QoS Mapping Scheme for Fiber Wireless Architecture
## 1 Introduction  
With the rapid increase in bandwidth-hungry applications, Internet devices, and the emergence of online business and gaming, the demand for high-speed internet with mobility is continuously growing [1]. The requirement of mobility and higher bandwidth at the same time requires the integration of wired and wireless broadband technologies. Deployment of wireless technology integrated with next-generation passive optical networks (NG-PON) to achieve this task is an attractive solution thatmeets both of these requirements efficiently. The wireless network is a community of portable devices that is nowadays a key enabling technology for the mobile ad-hoc network [2; 3], Internet of things (IoT), and 5G [4; 5]. These devices communicate via access points (APs) or base stations [6]. Optical fiber technology builds a high-speed data communication network that connects these APs with the Mobile switching center (MSC), Internet Service Provider (ISP), and the Video Headend. Typically, wireless local area network (WLAN) and passive optical network (PON) are different types of access networks with different bandwidth and quality of service (QOS) requirements. On the other hand, over the past few years, the passive optical network (PON) has emerged as the most attractive choice for network providers offering broadband services. The PON is a point to multipoint (P2 MP) optical access network, it contains an Optical Line Terminal (OLT), passive Splitter, and multiple Optical Network Units (ONUs). PON offers huge bandwidth support in addition to being a low-cost access network solution for the provisioning of broadband services [7; 8]. In the PON, the signal distribution among output devices, each receiver receives a separate signal for a separate QoS service. Each ONU in PON sends signals to a central distribution point called OLT, allowing users to share the transmission capacity of the entire system in a coordinated manner. Fiber wireless (FiWi) access network is a hybrid network of both of these access networks, where optical fiber technology and wireless technology work together in collaboration. Such a network is also termed as a fronthual network in the 5G context. Typically, mobile operators charge subscribers on a per-byte basis for using the Internet due to their licensed frequency band [9]. However, due to the license-free frequency band, a Wi-Fi (IEEE 802.11) connection is inexpensive as it is charged on a bandwidth subscription basis only. IEEE 802.11 standard is widely used for WLAN infrastructure as it is flexible and easy to install for different environmental conditions (i.e., home, outdoor, hot spot, enterprise, metropolitan area, etc. ), and it requires lower maintenance cost compared to a conventional cellular wireless network. Initially, IEEE 802.11 supported only the best-effort traffic [10], however, the latest version, IEEE 802.11 ac, supports QoS applications as well [11]. This version, IEEE 802.11 ac, provides very high throughput (VHT) and high internet speed for multimedia services with the help of multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) techniques [12; 13] and is also known as the 5 th generation of Wi-Fi (5G Wi-Fi). The IEEE 802.11 ac medium access control (MAC) offers a different range of access modes, namely, distributed-coordination function (DCF) and enhanced distributed-channel access (EDCA), Point CF (PCF), and hybrid coordination function (HCF) and HCF controlled Channel Access (HCCA). HCCA and EDCA access modes differentiate among different traffic/data classes such as voice, video, best effort, and background, with different traffic class priorities. These access modes suffer from the intra-node fairness issue that arises when wireless channel access is completely occupied by high-priority traffic. Consequently, minimum channel access is spared for the low-priority traffic, which indicates the unfair utilization of channel resources [14; 15].