## 5 Conclusions  
In this study, we explored the antioxidant and antiproliferative properties of various plant crude polysaccharides obtained from six different plant materials. The crude polysaccharides exhibited different levels of antioxidative activities, ranging from very strong to poor; Sruct-P showed the highest antioxidative activity, with the lowest IC\({}_{50}\) and IC\({}_{0.5}\) values of 0.076 \(\pm\) 0.01 mg/mL, 0.64 \(\pm\) 0.01 mg/mL, 0.20 \(\pm\) 0.02 mg/mL, and 0.19 \(\pm\) 0.07 mg/mL in DPPH, NO, FRAP, and CUPRAC assays, respectively. While most samples did not exhibit significant antiproliferative effects, _Moringa oleifera_ seed polysaccharides displayed noteworthy activity without significant antioxidant effects. Further investigation with non-cancerous cells revealed _Moringa oleifera_ seed crude polysaccharides to be at least in part selective in their antiproliferative activities between cancerous and non-cancerous cells. The structural analysis of these promising crude polysaccharides identified 4-\(\alpha\)-rhamnopyranosyloxy-benzyl glucosinolate as a major compound. Further investigations are warranted to confirm whether this compound is fully responsible for the antiproliferative activity of the _Moringa oleifera_ seed crude polysaccharide extract. To date, there is no report regarding the antiproliferative action of _Moringa oleifera_ seed crude polysaccharides. Although the number of polysaccharides obtained from this extract is low, the fact that it is yielded through the general procedure for polysaccharide extraction recommends further optimization of the extraction method, which could potentially improve the yield of polysaccharides from this extract and provide an insight into its full potential and mechanism of antiproliferation.  
The following supporting information can be downloaded at [[https://www.mdpi.com/article/10.3390/app14093683/s1](https://www.mdpi.com/article/10.3390/app14093683/s1)]([https://www.mdpi.com/article/10.3390/app14093683/s1](https://www.mdpi.com/article/10.3390/app14093683/s1)), Figure S1: 1H NMR spectrum of MSP-RT extract containing 4-\(\alpha\)-rhamnopyrananoylx-benzyl glucosinolate. Figure S2: 13C NMR spectrum of MSP-RT extract containing 4-\(\alpha\)-rhamnopyrananoylx-benzyl glucosinolate. Figure S3: Mass spectrum containing molecular peak \(m/z\) 570.0203 and confirming the structure in MSP-RT extract.  
Conceptualization, O.O.A., P.W. and J.C.; data curation, O.O.A., P.W. and J.C.; funding acquisition, J.C.; investigation, O.O.A., P.W. and H.K.; methodology, O.O.A., P.W., H.K., E.G. and J.C.; project administration, P.W. and J.C.; resources, P.W., H.K., E.G. and J.C.; writing--original draft, O.O.A.; writing--review and editing, O.O.A., P.W., H.K., E.G. and J.C. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.  
This research received no external funding.  
Not applicable.  
The original contributions presented in the study are included in the article/Supplementary Material, further inquiries can be directed to the corresponding authors.  
The research was supported by the Warsaw University of Technology within the Excellence Initiative: Research University (IDUB) program. The Mass Spectrometry analysis was performed in the Mass Spectrometry Facility at the Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences. Modifications of DPPH and CUPRAC protocols were based on the optimized protocols of [PERSON] as part of her doctoral thesis.  
The authors declare no conflicts of interest.  
References