## Biomedical Applications
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c} \hline \hline
**Biomedical Applications** & **Test Object** & **Test Type** & **Ref** \\ \hline \multirow{8}{*}{**Antioxidant**} & 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging & in vitro & [68,75,76] \\ \cline{2-4}  & Oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) & in vitro & [77,78] \\ \cline{2-4}  & Ferric reducing antioxidant power assays; \(\beta\)-carotene linoleic acid & in vitro & [75,79] \\ \cline{2-4}  & bleaching methods & in vitro & [80,81] \\ \cline{2-4}  & Erythrocyte-based assays & in vitro & [75] \\ \cline{2-4}  & AAPH assays & in vitro & [76] \\ \cline{2-4}  & Nitric oxide & in vitro & [77] \\ \cline{2-4}  & Cytoprotection against H\({}_{2}\)O\({}_{2}\)-induced damage in yeast cells and zebrafish embryos & in vitro & [76] \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{**Anti-inflammatory**} & Mice injected with radicals such as D-Gal (500 mg/kg) & in vivo & [82, 83, 84] \\ \cline{2-4}  & Topical mice ear edema test & in vivo & [85] \\ \cline{2-4}  & Use of Vero cells (anti-inflammatory effect due to infection) & in vitro & [86] \\ \hline \multirow{8}{*}{**Anticancer**} & HepG2 cells & in vitro & [31,60,87] \\ \cline{2-4}  & MCF-7 cells & in vitro & [31,60,88] \\ \cline{2-4}  & Non-cancerous baby hamster kidney (BHK) cells & in vitro & [60] \\ \cline{2-4}  & Caco-2 cells (human colon cancer) & in vitro & [88] \\ \cline{2-4}  & LS174 cells (human colon carcinoma) & in vitro & \\ \cline{2-4}  & A549 cells (human lung carcinoma) & in vitro & \\ \cline{2-4}  & Fem-x cells (malignant melanoma) & in vitro & [76] \\ \cline{2-4}  & K562 cells (chronic myelogenous leukemia) & in vitro & \\ \cline{2-4}  & NCI-H292 cells (human lung mucop epidermoid carcinoma) & in vitro & [68] \\ \cline{2-4}  & HeLa cells & in vitro & [87] \\ \cline{2-4}  & L92 cells (mouse lung) & in vitro & [89] \\ \cline{2-4}  & Mammalian L6 cells & in vivo & [90] \\ \cline{2-4}  & Keratinocytes & in vivo & [80] \\ \cline{2-4}  & 3T3 fibroblasts & & \\ \hline \multirow{8}{*}{**Antibacterial**} & _Microscystis aeruginosa_ (cyanobacterium) & in vitro & [91] \\ \cline{2-4}  & _Escherichia coli_, followed by _K Klebsiella pneumoniae_, and _Salmonella tythii_ & in vivo & [92] \\ \cline{2-4}  & Methicillin-resistant _Staphylococcus aureus_ (MRSA) & in vitro & [93] \\ \cline{2-4}  & Microscoccus luteus & in vitro & \\ \cline{2-4}  & _Brochlatrix thermosphata_ & in vitro & [77] \\ \cline{2-4}  & _E. coli_ & in vitro & \\ \cline{2-4}  & Bacillus subtilis & in vitro & [94] \\ \cline{2-4}  & _Streptococcus lactis_ & in vitro & [95] \\ \cline{2-4}  & _Pseudomonas putida_ & in vitro & [96] \\ \cline{2-4}  & _Mycobacterium tuberculosis_ & in vitro & [97] \\ \hline \multirow{8}{*}{**Antiviral**} & Japanese encephalitis virus & in vivo & [98] \\ \cline{2-4}  & Influenza virus & in vivo & [99] \\ \cline{2-4}  & HAI subunit of influenza A H1/N1 virus & in vivo & [100] \\ \cline{2-4}  & the matrix of the encephalitis antigen & in vitro & [101] \\ \cline{2-4}  & _Immunomodulating_ & makrofag murine RAW264.7 & in vitro & [102] \\ \cline{2-4}  & Senegal sole & in vivo & [14] \\ \hline \multirow{8}{*}{**Antihyperlipidemic**} & sel makrofag J774A.1 & in vitro & [103] \\ \cline{2-4}  & Mice induced malondialdehydedev (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) & in vitro & [18,37] \\ \cline{1-1} \cline{2-4}  & Activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), prothrombin time (PT), and thrombin time (TT) & in vitro & [51] \\ \cline{1-1} \cline{2-4}  & Mice & in vivo & [36] \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**Tissue engineering**} & uivan can be used in cartilage tissue engineering & in vitro and in vivo & [74,104,105] \\ \cline{2-4}  & _Sel makrofag J774A.1_ & in vitro & [103] \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**Antihyperlipidemic**} & Mice induced malondialdehydedev (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) & in vitro & [18,37] \\ \cline{2-4}  & Activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), prothrombin time (PT), and thrombin time (TT) & in vitro & [51] \\ \cline{2-4}  & Mice & in vivo & [36] \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**Tissue engineering**} & uivan can be used in cartilage tissue engineering & in vitro and in vivo & [74,104,105] \\ \cline{2-4}  & _Sel makrofag J774A.1_ & in vitro & [103] \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}