# Water IoT Monitoring System for Aquaponics Health and Fishery Applications
## 8 Conclusions  
This paper summarises the work performed in the development and testing of a whole system for aquaonics health monitoring oriented to the fishery industry. We have checked that the existing monitoring systems in the state-of-the-art do not fit the requirements for monitoring the complete aquaonics life cycle.  
The proposed system improves the state-of-the-art in terms of communication technology as it involves 5G communications, but for long-range communication, it uses LoRa in the nodes and Gateways with LTE-M/NB-IoT to establish Internet connectivity.  
For aquaculture purposes, the sensing layer has been improved to include a number of sensors to improve the performance in the fishery industry. The most time-consuming processes are linked to the sensing and compensation processes, which range between 0.9 s to 1.5 s for the digital sensors and 0.3 s for the analog ones. The whole sensing period takes around 7.5 s on average, with nine sensors. The mean time for each information packet to reach the CORE from the sensing node is around 463 ms.  
The hardware architecture has also been designed to improve the energetic performance and reduce power consumption, allowing an extension of the battery life of around 70%, with the inclusion of a switching IC for the sensors (74 HC237) connected to the I2C line.  
Figure 16: WaterMon Submission Time.  
Figure 17: Power Consumption with and without IC 74 HC237.  
**Author Contributions:** Conceptualization, M.A., J.M.A.-C., J.S.-G. and Q.W.; methodology, J.M.A.-C.; software, M.A. and J.M.A.-C.; validation, M.A. and J.M.A.-C.; formal analysis, M.A. and J.M.A.-C.; investigation, M.A., J.M.A.-C. and J.S.-G.; resources, J.M.A.-C., Q.W. and J.S.-G.; data curation, M.A.; writing--original draft preparation, M.A., J.M.A.-C. and J.S.-G.; writing--review and editing, J.M.A.-C. and Q.W.; visualization, M.A.; supervision, J.M.A.-C. and Q.W.; project administration, J.M.A.-C.; funding acquisition, J.M.A.-C. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.  
This research was funded by Innovate UK Agri-Tech Catalyst Round 8 grant number 113795-656454 (Cost-effective aquaponic solutions for developing farmers in Rwanda--CASDFR) and the University of Valencia with the grant UV-INV_EFDI-1993235.  
Not applicable.  
Authors would like to acknowledge the support received by the company Njordfre to achieve in situ testing of the proposed system and to enable an exploitation path in the Rwanda market.  
The authors declare no conflict of interest. The funders had no role in the design of the study; in the collection, analyses, or interpretation of data; in the writing of the manuscript; or in the decision to publish the results.  
The following abbreviations are used in this manuscript:  
\begin{tabular}{l l} IoT & Internet of Things \\ pH & Potential of Hydrogen \\ NB-IoT & Narrow-Band IoT \\ LTE-M or LTE-MTC & Long-Term Evolution-Machine Type Communication \\ LoRa/LoRaWAN & Low-Radiation/LoRa Wide-Area Network \\ WiFi & Wireless Fidelity \\ MQTT & Message Queuing Telemetry Transport \\ TLS & Transport Layer Security \\ I2C & Inter-Integrated Circuit \\ OTA & Over The Air \\ AI & Artificial Intelligence \\ GSM & Global System for Mobile communications \\ EC & Electrical Conductivity \\ TDS & Total Dissolved Solids \\ GPS & Global Positioning System \\ DO & Dissolved Oxygen \\ ORP & Oxidation Reduction Potential \\ TSS & Total Suspended Solids \\ WL & Water Level \\ WF & Water Flow \\ LI & Light Intensity \\ AT & Air Temperature \\ AH & Air Humidity \\ WDS & Wind Direction and Speed \\ SM & Soil Moisture \\ PCB & Printed Circuit Board \\ \end{tabular}