## 2 Data and Methods
### Machine Learning Algorithms
#### 2.2.2 XGBoost
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c} \hline
**ID** & **Site\_ID** & **Site Name** & **Data Start** & **Data End** & **Biome** & **Sample Size** \\ \hline
1 & AU-ASM & Alice Springs & 2010 & 2014 & SAV & 1418 \\
2 & AU-Cpr & Calperum & 2010 & 2014 & SAV & 870 \\
3 & AU-Dry & Dry River & 2008 & 2014 & SAV & 1118 \\
4 & AU-Emr & Emerald & 2011 & 2013 & GRA & 805 \\
5 & AU-Gin & Gingin & 2011 & 2014 & WSA & 917 \\
6 & AU-GWW & Great Western Woodlands, Western Australia, Australia & 2013 & 2014 & SAV & 353 \\
7 & AU-Lox & Loxton & 2008 & 2009 & DBF & 275 \\
8 & AU-RDF & Red Dirt Melon Farm, Northern Territory & 2011 & 2013 & WSA & 553 \\
9 & AU-Rig & Riggs Creek & 2011 & 2014 & GRA & 997 \\
10 & AU-Rob & Robson Creek, Queensland, Australia & 2014 & 2014 & EBF & 309 \\
11 & AU-TTE & Ti Tree East & 2012 & 2014 & GRA & 844 \\
12 & AU-Imm & Tumbarumba & 2001 & 2014 & EBF & 1656 \\
13 & AU-Nex & Wallaby Creek & 2005 & 2008 & EBF & 295 \\
14 & AU-Wom & Wombat & 2010 & 2014 & EBF & 912 \\
15 & AU-Ync & Jaxa & 2012 & 2014 & GRA & 526 \\
16 & BE-Lon & Lonzeee & 2004 & 2014 & CRO & 1713 \\
17 & BR-Sa3 & Santarem-Km83-Logged Forest & 2000 & 2004 & EBF & 486 \\  & Ontario-Groundhog River, Boreal & & & & & \\  & & Mixedwood Forest & 2003 & 2014 & MF & 2005 \\
19 & CA-Qfo & Quebec-Eastern Boreal, future Black Spruce & 2003 & 2010 & ENF & 2098 \\
20 & CA-SF1 & Saskatchewan-Western Boreal, forest burned & 2003 & 2006 & ENF & 536 \\  & & in 1977 & & & & \\
21 & CA-SF3 & Saskatchewan-Western Boreal, forest burned & 2001 & 2006 & OSH & 448 \\  & & Ontario-Turkey Point 1939 Plantation & & 2002 & 2014 & ENF & 2166 \\  & & White Pine & 2005 & 2014 & GRA & 1279 \\
23 & CH-Cha & Chamau & 2005 & 2014 & GRA & 1279 \\
24 & CH-Dav & Davos & 1997 & 2014 & ENF & 1560 \\
25 & CN-Cha & Changbaishan & 2003 & 2005 & MF & 789 \\
26 & CN-Cng & Changling & 2007 & 2010 & GRA & 1002 \\
27 & CN-Qia & Qianyanzhou & 2003 & 2005 & ENF & 948 \\
28 & CZ-BK1 & Bily Kriz forest & 2004 & 2014 & ENF & 968 \\
29 & CZ-BK2 & Bily Kriz grassland & 2004 & 2012 & GRA & 173 \\
30 & DE-Geb & Gebesee & 2001 & 2014 & CRO & 4555 \\
31 & DE-Gri & Grillenburg & 2004 & 2014 & GRA & 1931 \\
32 & DE-Hai & Hainich & 2000 & 2012 & DBF & 3053 \\
33 & DE-Obe & Oberbarenburg & 2008 & 2014 & ENF & 1449 \\
34 & DK-Sor & Soroe & 1996 & 2014 & DBF & 188 \\
35 & FI-Hyy & Hyytiala & 1996 & 2014 & ENF & 322 \\
36 & FR-LBr & Le Bray & 1996 & 2008 & ENF & 1373 \\
37 & IT-CA1 & Castel d’Asso1 & 2011 & 2014 & DBF & 221 \\
38 & IT-CA2 & Castel d’Asso2 & 2011 & 2014 & CRO & 115 \\
39 & IT-CA3 & Castel d’Asso3 & 2011 & 2014 & DBF & 346 \\
40 & IT-Isp & Ispra ABC-IS & 2013 & 2014 & DBF & 575 \\
41 & IT-Lav & Lavarone & 2003 & 2014 & ENF & 1642 \\
42 & IT-MBo & Monte Bondone & 2003 & 2013 & GRA & 2605 \\
43 & IT-Noe & Arca di Noe-Le Prigionette & 2004 & 2014 & CSH & 1806 \\
44 & IT-Ro1 & Rocacerespampani 1 & 2000 & 2008 & DBF & 268 \\ \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 2: FLUXNET sites used for this study. List of acronyms: DBF, deciduous broadleaf forest; EBF, evergreen broadleaf forest; ENF, was evergreen needleleaf forest; MF, mixed forest; GRA, grassland; CRO, cropland; OSH, open shrublands; CSH, closed shrublands; SAV, savannas; WSA, woody savannas.