## 5 Conclusions  
It can be seen that the shape of rockburst pits on site and the laboratory simulation experiment is \"pan-shaped\", which proves the rationality of the results of this rockburst experiment. The quantitative analysis of the displacement field in the process of slab buckling rockburst is realized, and the temporal and spatial evolution law of deformation and fracture of surrounding rock in the process of slab buckling rockburst is obtained. The total displacement change of the tunnel has experienced the evolution process of the right side from the spandrel to the haunch, and the left side from the arch footing to the haunch. The displacement field in the tunnel surface finally shows the fracture characteristic of bilateral symmetry. The total displacement change in the tunnel is highlighted in the right spandrel, the haunch, and the arch footing, which are the largest; then the left spandrel, the haunch, and the arch footing; and the arch roof and the arch bottom are smaller. After the initial formation of the slabbing structure until the occurrence of rockburst, the deformation rate is about five times higher than that of the formation process of the slabbing structure, which indicates that the slab buckling structure will undergo a long period of gestation before formation, and once the slabbing structure is formed, it will accelerate the occurrence of rockburst. Slab buckling rockburst has an attenuation characteristic in the process of rockburst; that is, the rock mass area of the first rockburst disaster is small, and the ejection distance of debris is far. However, the rock mass area of the second rockburst disaster is large, the ejection distance of debris is close, and the intensity of rockburst shows the characteristic from strong to weak. The phenomenon of the \"slab buckling circle\" was found. The trend of the \"slab buckling circle\" was studied by setting several groups of measuring lines, and then the evolution law of the formation, propagation, and penetration of the \"slab buckling circle\" was mastered. The results show that the generation of the \"slab buckling circle\" and the formation of slab cracks are inconsistent. When the external stress environment remains unchanged or decreases, slabbing failure will continue to occur, and the propagation of the \"slab buckling circle\" has a time effect, which is a time-delay failure behavior in engineering. The research results have important theoretical significance and engineering value for the  
Figure 15: Slab buckling rockburst mechanism of Gaoloushan Tunnel. (**a**) Initial equilibrium state; (**b**) The initiation and propagation of shear cracks on the inner surface; (**c**) The initiation and propagation of tension cracks on the outer surface; (**d**) The propagation, interlacement and penetration of two types of cracks; (**e**) The initiation, propagation and compaction into plates and then bending and breaking into blocks of shear cracks on the outer surface; (**f**) The ejection of the article and the spalling of rock sheet; (**g**) Full burst. study of slab buckling rockburst and then putting forward an economical and effective support scheme. Based on the statistical analysis of the data, the rupture parameter, the corresponding relationship curve, and the relationship expression of the rock mass at different times in the slab buckling rockburst disaster were obtained. The rupture parameters of the rock mass of the rockburst disaster in the slab buckling rockburst experiment show a compound exponential growth relationship with time. The mechanism of slab buckling rockburst can be regarded as the result of the combined action of shear cracks and tension cracks, which plays a leading role, reflecting the characteristic of progressive fracture development. It is a typical rockburst mode of progressive fracture-induced instability, which is strain-lag rockburst.