## 4 Results and Discussion  
This section addresses the following key aspects for each energy retrofit scenario and their respective time horizons (2050 and 2080) under the SSP2-4.5 and SSP5-8.5 socioeconomic scenarios:  
1. Energy demand. The reduction or increase in the building's energy demand for each intervention is analyzed to evaluate the potential effectiveness of the implemented improvements in terms of energy savings. This analysis helps identify the most efficient interventions and their long-term impact. 2. Thermal comfort hours. The impact of the interventions on nighttime and daytime summer thermal comfort for the building's occupants is assessed. Firstly, the expected variation in the energy demand of the case study was analyzed considering the impact of the selected SSP scenarios. Case 1 examines the effect of window replacement alone on the building's total cooling energy demand. This analysis compares the projected evolution of the case study without improvements (baseline case) to the modifications introduced in Case 1 (window replacement alone). Figure 3 shows the hourly distributions of energy demand, while Figure 4 presents the total results. The expected evolution of the case study without improvements shows that climate evolution will change the energy demand. These changes align with the trends reported in previous studies on the topic [24; 53]. Figure 3: Scatter plot of the hourly heating and cooling energy demand achieved in Case 1 (window replacement). Cooling demand is expected to increase, while heating demand should decrease. These trends are more pronounced under the SSP scenarios. For the year 2050, an average increase in cooling demand of 4.53 kWh is projected under SSP2-4.5 and of 6.76 kWh under SSP5-8.5. This results in a differential in the average hourly values of 2.23 kWh. Such a difference was not detected under the SRES or RCP scenarios. This difference may reflect updated trends in radiative forcing under future climate conditions. Similar trends are observed in other cases. Average heating demand reductions range from 4.53 kWh to 10.97 kWh, depending on the year and scenario. These result in the annual heating energy demand potentially decreasing by up to 55,580.64 kWh by the end of the century under the evolving climate. On the other hand, cooling demand could increase by as much as 32,391.85 kWh. The projected variation in energy demand emphasizes the necessity of implementing energy improvement strategies. As previously mentioned, this work focuses on analyzing envelope improvements, as they represent one of the most common approaches. The first case examines the use of window replacements. As observed, window replacement results in a reduction in energy demand, although the impact is not particularly significant. In the current scenario, window replacement has a more substantial effect on heating demand, as shown in the hourly energy demand values. Average hourly heating demand savings amounted to 10.76 kWh, significantly surpassing the 1.1 kWh savings achieved for cooling. This trend is also reflected in the distribution values, with an interquartile range of 18.71 kWh for heating and 0.20 kWh for cooling. As a result, annual savings were 19% for cooling and 51% for heating. Thus, this improvement led to a clear reduction in heating demand in the current scenario. Regarding future evolution under the SSP scenarios, this trend persists due to the diminishing effectiveness of window improvements. Cooling demand increases while heating demand decreases, leading to annual energy savings of 12% to 15% for cooling and 64% to 69% for heating. Although this strategy has limited applications, it may offer an economic advantage compared with other measures due to its cost-effectiveness. Regarding Case 2 (window replacement and facade insulation), an improvement in the energy performance compared with Case 1 is expected. Figures 5 and 6 present the obtained results. This package of measures reduces energy demand, achieving greater decreases compared with the previous case.