# Smart IoMT Framework for Supporting UAV Systems with AI
## 3 Architecture of the System  
The proposed system is developed by the following three methods which include hardware setup, firmware development, and webpage creation. When the system's power is turned ON, the sensor starts to take values that are noted sequentially. The system incorporates different sensors to monitor SpO\({}_{2}\) level, pulse rate, blood pressure, and temperature, namely MAX30102, DHT11, and Myoware. These sensors capture physiological data from the human body and transfer it to the NodeMCU module, which thereby converts it to digital format. These data can be observed on the OLED display which is attached to the hardware setup itself. The digitized data are further stored in the UAV and transported to the server and thereafter shares the measured data with a web application. The IoT domain model for the proposed system is depicted in Figure 1, which details how the technical artifacts function as interfaces between the physical and virtual entities and also showcase the system architecture for the proposed system. The health monitoring system consists of a NodeMCU which is connected to the internet and is also responsible for collecting the data from the patient's body and displaying it on the webpage, which can be analyzed by the doctor. MAX30102 is used to measure heart rate and SpO\({}_{2}\) levels using the Photoplethysmography (PPG) technique. PPG is a technique that uses a light source and a photodiode detector placed on the surface of the skin to monitor the volumetric changes in blood circulation. The working of MAX30102 has two major components which are Heart rate measurement and Pulse Oximetry. In arterial blood, oxygenated hemoglobin (HbO\({}_{2}\)) is present, which has the property of absorbing infrared (IR) light. The greater the hemoglobin content present in a person's body, the more its tendency to absorb IR light will be. The DHT11 sensor senses temperature and humidity while the pulse oximeter determines blood oxygen saturation and pulse rate using a laser beam. An automated BP monitor (K24C16) is used to monitor the patient's systolic and diastolic pressures at regular intervals. It works by employing optical sensors that are positioned on the fingertip to detect how much light is reflected from the blood vessels beneath the skin. A Myoware sensor is used to measure muscle movement by electromyography (EMG). This technique is used for evaluating muscle responses that arise as a result of nerve stimulation. The proposed system is also capable of measuring the ambient skin temperature which can serve as a biomarker for sympathetic nervous system activation. Skin temperature rises as a result of increased blood flow and vasodilation to the body's peripheral regions brought on by a decrease in arousal, or sympathetic outflow. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{p{56.9 pt} p{113.8 pt} p{113.8 pt} p{113.8 pt} p{113.8 pt}} \hline
**Paper No.** & **Technology** & **Existing Problems** & **Proposed System** & **Challenges** \\ \hline
[13] & MQTTBlynk & Security and latency & Employs a local server with improved security and minimizing latency & Lacks flow control and requires more processing power. \\ \hline
[23] & WSN & Accuracy and Speed of data transmission & XC3S200 microcontroller is utilized to speed up transmission and received data are verified for accuracy & Circuitry is complex and bulk. \\ \hline
[24] & WSN & Cloud Computing & High deployment cost and localized monitoring & Compared to wired networks, it is difficult to deploy WSN nodes. \\ \hline
[29] & UAV assisted IoMT & IoMT & Helps to detect COVID infected patients and provide medical assistance & distance, integrity, security. \\ \hline
[30] & UAV integrated IoMT & IoMT & Discusses the challenges of the UAV-IoMT integration & Integrity, Privacy, and Security. \\ \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 1: Comparison of the significant existing works.