# Evaluation of Hydrogen Generation with Hybrid Renewable Energy Sources
## 3 Results and Discussion
### PV Panel Power Source  
Simulation Parameters  
The simulation was conducted using TRNSYS software to model and simulate the power generated from the PV (photovoltaic) panel. This generated power is then used in the electrolysis process to produce hydrogen. The primary input for this simulation is solar irradiance data, which is typically provided as solar irradiance values over hours. The solar irradiance data used in this simulation are sourced from the official website of the Government of Canada [38]. It is important to note that this simulation is focused on a conventional green system for hydrogen generation, specifically using an alkaline electrolysis system as the initial stage. The simulation aims to assess the performance and efficiency of using solar energy, in this case, PV panels, for hydrogen production through electrolysis. It enables an analysis of the hydrogen production process using renewable energy sources and offers insights into the feasibility and effectiveness of this approach. Table 7 presents the specifications of the PV (photovoltaic) panel that was used in the TRNSYS simulation. These specifications include important details about the PV panel, such as its electrical characteristics, efficiency, and other relevant parameters. Figure 18 shows the I-V (current-voltage) curves for the selected PV panel. These curves represent the relationship between the electrical current generated by the PV panel and the voltage across its terminals under various operating conditions. Both the specifications in Table 5 and the I-V curves in Figure 18 are critical for accurately modelling and simulating the behaviour of the PV panel within the TRNSYS software. They allow researchers to assess the PV panel's performance and its contribution to the overall system, particularly in the context of hydrogen production through electrolysis. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{l l l l l l} \hline \hline Rated Maximum Power (Pmax) [W] & 525 & 530 & 535 & 540 & 545 \\ \hline Open-Circuit Voltage (Voc) [V] & 49.15 & 49.3 & 49.45 & 49.6 & 49.75 \\ \hline Maximum Power Voltage (Vmp) [V] & 41.15 & 41.31 & 41.47 & 41.64 & 41.8 \\ \hline Short-Circuit Current (Isc) [A] & 13.65 & 13.72 & 13.79 & 13.86 & 13.93 \\ \hline Maximum Power Current (Imp) [A] & 12.76 & 12.83 & 12.9 & 12.97 & 13.04 \\ \hline Module Efficiency [\%] & 20.3 & 20.5 & 20.7 & 20.9 & 21.1 \\ \hline Power Tolerance & 0\(\rightarrow\)+5 W & & & & \\ \hline Temperature Coefficient of Isc (\(\alpha\)\(\_\)Isc) & 0.046\(\%/^{\circ}\)C & & & \\ \hline Temperature Coefficient of Voc (\(\beta\)\(\_\)Voc) & \(-\)0.277\(\%/^{\circ}\)C & & & \\ \hline Temperature Coefficient of Pmax (\(\gamma\)\(\_\)Pmp) & \(-\)0.351\(\%/^{\circ}\)C & & & \\ \hline STC & Irradiance 1000 W/m\({}^{2}\), cell temperature 25 \({}^{\circ}\)C, AM1.5G & & & \\ \hline Cell & Mono & & & \\ Maximum Efficiency & 21.3\% & & & \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 6: Electrical data of PV panel at STC. Figure 19 provides a visual representation of the total solar irradiance on an hourly basis from January to September based on available data. This graph shows the variation in solar irradiance throughout these months. Analyzing this figure can offer insights into the seasonal changes in solar energy availability. Solar irradiance is influenced by factors such as daylight hours, weather conditions, and the angle of the sun, and these data are essential for understanding the potential for solar energy generation in different months. This can be valuable for optimizing the operation of solar panels and, in this context, their role in hydrogen production through electrolysis. Figures 20-27 depict the monthly power consumption from the PV panel and the monthly output of the hydrogen flow rate as a representation of how PV power generation varies from month to month and how it correlates with the hydrogen production rate via electrolysis. During the period from January to August, the PV power output peaks at an average of 60 W, achieving a maximum hydrogen flow rate of 0.0126 m\({}^{3}\)/h.