## 2 Related Works  
Although the research in the ITLP is a very young field, the number of papers related to this subject is steadily increasing. This reveals the importance of the Intermodal Terminal Location for both academics and industry. A review synthesis of works done in the field of IT can be found in the paper of [2]. Specifically, the Network Design Problem (NDP) is a well-studied problem in the framework of intermodal transportation. A stochastic approach for robust intermodal transportation plans in a real-world network was proposed by [3]. The relationship between IT and supply chain was discussed by [4]. They developed a scenario-based estimation to quantify the demand for the Italian IT Network. Owing to its safety, IT is increasingly considered for hazardous materials (Hazmat) distribution. For instance, Ref. [5] suggested using scheduled direct and faster trains to reduce the transport risk of hazards. The proposed solution is as a bi-objective model solved by a tabu-search heuristic. Ref. [6] studied optimization challenges regarding rail processes at maritime terminals. They provided a survey of the related works in this important node of IT. [PERSON]. [7] proposed a fuzzy version of the Intermodal terminal Location Problem. He studied the case in which the decision-maker may suggest locating a number of rail terminals around a fixed number \"\(p\)\". This scenario is modeled by adding a fuzzy constraint to the developed model. In [8], a compromise programming technique combined with fuzzy modeling is proposed to tackle the location problem of real-road terminals. The developed Multi-Criteria Decision Making Method (MCDM) is considered to model the conflicting objectives of different stakeholders involved in the intermodal transportation chain. Ref. [9] modeled the intermodal container terminal location problem in urban areas as a non-linearMixed Integer Program (NLMIP). They considered an entropy maximization approach and a Lagrangian relaxation technique to solve the problem in real-life case. A combined Delphi and Analytical Network Process (ANP) is proposed in [10] to solve the Intermodal Terminal location problem in accordance with sustainable requirements. Ref. [11] proposed a modeling approach for Intermodal Terminal Hub Location Problem with transfer modes and considering two-types of hubs. They proved that the problem is NP-hard and reported numerical results on real-world container distribution networks. In addition, multi-agent simulation tools are used in [12] to simulate the seaport-dry port system as intermodal terminal. The developed model is validated on the Ningbo-Zhouhan port. A combined SWOT analysis and Analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and Preference Ranking Organization Method for Enrichment of Evaluations (PROMETHEE) is proposed in [13] to study the location of intermodal terminals. Ref. [14] studied user-specified reliability levels using a model that provide the optimal route through road links, rail links and via intermodal terminals. A Markov Chain Monte Carlo method is proposed in [15] to solve the intermodal terminal location problem. The proposed approach is a two-layer approach that efficiently solve the problem with routing decisions. Computational results are reported. Ref. [16] proposed a Best-Worst Method (BWM) with a consensus model from the perspective of shipping line companies. The objective is to select the inland terminal locations from potential sites. A sensitivity analysis was performed by authors to assess the impact of the increasing volume of containers on the desirable locations. In [17], a quantitative method is proposed to locate inland rail terminals based on cost savings. The model was validated in real-world railway network from Croatia. Table 1 summarizes the main research works related to the intermodal transportation. In addition to review papers that survey research works in this field, terminal location problems, route selection, network design, transport policy, and integrated location and routing problems are the main topics of related works.