## 5 Biomedical Indispensability of the PCL Electrospun Nanocomposites
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c} \hline \hline \multicolumn{5}{c}{**Electrospun PCL/Fiber Nanocomposites**} \\ \hline
**Nanofiler(s)** & **System** & **Biomedical Application** & **Average Diameter (nm)** & **Refs.** \\ \hline Processed PCL & Mono & Fast dissolving drug delivery & 0.34–1.56 \(\times\) 10\({}^{-3}\) & [25] \\ \hline Chitosan & Binary & Tissue engineering & 400–4 \(\times\) 10\({}^{-3}\) & [27] \\ \hline Hydroxyapatite (Ti coated) & Binary & Drug delivery, bone tissue engineering & 100 & [30] \\ \hline AZ31/hydroxyapatite & Ternary & Biomineralization (temporary implants) & 600 & [48] \\ \hline Cellulose nanocrystals & Binary & Drug delivery & 233 & [52] \\ \hline Nanodiamond & Binary & Proliferation of epithelial cells (wound healing) & 300–600 & [53] \\ \hline Gelatin/Lawsone & Ternary & Wound healing, cell proliferation & 238–297 & [56] \\ \hline Nanosilates & Binary & Bone tissue engineering & 241–321 & [57] \\ \hline Silk fibroin & Binary & Cell proliferation, tissue engineering & 217–25 & [58,59] \\ \hline Encapsulated PCL & Mono & Drug delivery & 804 \(\pm\) 390 & [60] \\ \hline Gelatin/graphene & Ternary & Cell proliferation & 185 & [61] \\ \hline Zein/gum Arabic & Ternary & Skin tissue regeneration, antibacterial activity & 367–645 & [62] \\ \hline Chitosan/SrAl\({}_{2}\)O\({}_{4}\):Eu\({}^{2+}\) Dy\({}^{3+}\) & Ternary & Retinal tissue engineering & 50 & [63] \\ \hline Layered double hydroxide & Binary & Tissue engineering, adipogenic differentiation & 0.1–1.2 \(\times\) 10\({}^{-3}\) & [64] \\ \hline Pluronic F127/nano & \multirow{2}{*}{Ternary} & \multirow{2}{*}{Metallic implants (osteo-integration)} & \multirow{2}{*}{534} & [65] \\ hydroxapatite & & & & \\ \hline ZnO & Binary & Antibacterial properties & 1.019–0.511 \(\times\) 10\({}^{-3}\) & [66] \\ \hline Collagen/elastin & Ternary & Tissue engineering & 310–693 & [67] \\ \hline Gelatin & Binary & Tissue engineering & 584 \(\pm\) 337 & [67,68] \\ \hline Bioactive glass & Binary & Osteogenic, angiogenic and antibacterial potential & 346–532 & [69] \\ \hline Collagen & Binary & Neovascular and reepithelialization & 2.6–4.9 \(\times\) 10\({}^{-3}\) & [71] \\ \hline Vitamin E & Binary & Antioxidant properties & - & [72] \\ \hline Chitosan/hydroxyapatite & Ternary & Tendon and ligament regeneration & 200 & [73] \\ \hline Alginate & Binary & Gene immobilization and transfection & - & [73–75] \\ \hline Reduced graphene oxide & Binary & Biomineralization, osteogenic and cell proliferation & 380–410 & [76] \\ \hline Silicon nanoparticles & Binary & Campothecin delivery & 161 \(\pm\) 58 & [77] \\ \hline Geranyl cinnamate & Binary & Drug delivery & 186.8 \(\pm\) 6.2 & [78] \\ \hline Triclosan & Binary & Drug delivery, antibacterial activity & 40–60 \(\times\) 10\({}^{-3}\) & [79] \\ \hline Dipyridamo & Binary & Endothelial cell growth & 604–816 \(\times\) 10\({}^{-3}\) & [80] \\ \hline F127 & Binary & Esophageal tissue repair & 36 \(\times\) 10\({}^{-3}\) & [81] \\ \hline Human serum albumin & Binary & Tissue regeneration & 356 \(\pm\) 70 & [82] \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 3: Different nanofillers, component systems, biomedical applications and the average diameters of the electrospun. PCL/fiber nanocomposites.