## 3 Results
### Effect of Extracts on the Formation of Fluorescent AGEs  
We have followed the formation of AGEs in the samples via autofluorescence ([PERSON] et al. 2017 b). AGEs specific fluorescence of all samples (native or glycated) was measured by exciting at 350 nm using Shimadzu spectrofluorometer (model RF-5301 PC). AGEs specific fluorescence was found to be in the wavelength range of 400-480 nm for each sample. The spectra of fluorescence intensity versus wavelength (400-480 nm) were found to be rather broad (data not shown), and that may be due to the presence of a number of different fluorescent compounds being formed during glycation.  
A progressive decrease in AGEs specific fluorescence at 450 nm with increasing concentration of extracts was observed in all the samples incubated in the presence of the extracts (Figure 13). BSA incubated with glucose exhibited the highest fluorescence intensity at 450 nm. Therefore, both extracts protected against the formation of AGEs induced by glycation, and the protection increased with increasing concentration of extracts.  
Figure 10: The reduction in aggregation index in the presence of _P. emplica_ and _A. indica_ ethanol extract. Sample 1 represents BSA and glucose incubated for 15 days and is supposed to have a maximum glycation aggregation index. Samples 2–7 contain 100–600 μ/mL of _P. emplica_ (blue column) and _A. indica_ (yellow column) ethanol extracts and the aggregation index is shown to diminish with increasing concentration of _P. emplica_ (blue column) and _A. indica_ (yellow column). Sample 8 (green column) contained BSA incubated in the absence of glucose and _P. emplica_ or _A. indica_ and shows the minimum aggregation index. The results are denoted as means \(\pm\) SEM (\(n\) = 3). The statistical differences are denoted with asterisk (*) for _P. emplica_, indicating significance at \(p\) < 0.05 in comparison with the reference sample, and a hashtag (#), signifying \(p\) < 0.05 for _A. indica_ in comparison with the reference sample.  
Figure 11: The reduction in cross amyloid structures in the existence of _P. emblica_ (blue column) and _A. indica_ (yellow column). Sample 1 denotes BSA and glucose incubation for 15 days and is supposed to represent maximum structural modifications, thus considered to be 100%. Samples 2–7 contain 100–600 ug/mL of _P. emblica_ (blue column) and _A. indica_ (yellow column), respectively, and cross amyloid structures are shown to decrease with an increase in the concentration of _P. emblica_ (blue column) and _A. indica_ (yellow column). Sample 8 (green column) contains BSA incubated without glucose and any extract and displayed the least cross amyloid structures. The results are denoted as means \(\pm\) SEM (\(n=3\)). The statistical differences are denoted with asterisk (*) for _P. emblica_, indicating significance at \(p<0.05\) in comparison with the reference sample, and a hashtag (#), signifying \(p<0.05\) for _A. indica_ in comparison with the reference sample.  
Figure 12: The reduction in absorption intensity of glycated BSA in the presence of _P. emblica_ and _A. indica_ ethanol extract. Sample 1 (green column) contains BSA incubated without glucose and any extract and displayed the least absorbance at 280 nm. Sample 2 represents BSA and glucose incubation for 15 days and shows maximum absorbance, indicating the maximum structural changes due to glycation. Samples 3–8 contain 100–600 ug/mL of _P. emblica_ (blue column) and _A. indica_ (yellow column), respectively, and is shown to decrease absorbance with an increase in the concentration of _P. emblica_ (blue column) and _A. indica_ (yellow column). The results are denoted as means \(\pm\) SEM (\(n=3\)). The statistical differences are denoted with (€) for BSA incubated with glucose for 15 days signifying \(p<0.05\) in comparison with the reference sample, asterisk (*) for _P. emblica_, indicating significance at \(p<0.05\) in comparison with the reference sample, and a hashtag (#), signifying \(p<0.05\) for _A. indica_ in comparison with the reference sample.