# Remote Sensing-Based Proxies for Urban Disaster Risk Management and Resilience: A Review
## 4 Remote Sensing-Based Proxies for DRM in Urban Areas
### Built-Up RS-Based Proxies
#### 4.1.1 Buildings Category
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{l l l l l l l} \hline \hline \multicolumn{1}{c}{**Poy**} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{**Execence**} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{**Used in Disaster Phase**} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{**Used RS Data to Extract**} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{**Mono**} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{**Multi**} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{**Key References**} \\ \hline Structural/Building & Number of damaged/colapsed buildings shows the & Damage & VHR satellite images, & & & & \\ damages/colapsed & damaged area & & Aerial images, UAV data & & & & \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{Shadow} & \multirow{2}{*}{I.0 extract collapsed/ damaged buildings do not produce regular} & Damage & VHR satellite images, & & & \\  & shadow pattern & & Aerial images & & & \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{Texture} & \multirow{2}{*}{I.0 extract damaged buildings/ roads and urban areas} & Damage & VHR satellite images, & & & \\  & & shadow pattern & & Aerial images & & \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{Budding order} & \multirow{2}{*}{I.0 extract buildings crack regime} & \multirow{2}{*}{Damage, Vulnerability} & HR and VHR aerial and & & & \\  & & damaged areas & & satellite images & & \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{Budding order} & \multirow{2}{*}{I.0 extract buildings crack regime} & \multirow{2}{*}{Damage, VHR satellite images} & \multirow{2}{*}{✓} & \multirow{2}{*}{✓} & \multirow{2}{*}{✓} & \multirow{2}{*}{✓} \\  & & cart building damage ratio (displaced/colapsed buildings) & & & & \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{Budding order} & \multirow{2}{*}{I.0 extract buildings crack regime} & \multirow{2}{*}{Damage} & VHR satellite images, & & & \\  & & cost field building damage ratio (displaced/colapsed buildings) & & & & \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{Budding order} & \multirow{2}{*}{I.0 extract buildings crack regime} & \multirow{2}{*}{Damage} & VHR satellite images, & & & \\  & & node indicates damage in buildings (displaced/colapsed buildings) & & & & \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{Budding order} & \multirow{2}{*}{I.0 extract buildings crack regime} & \multirow{2}{*}{Damage} & VHR satellite images, & & & \\  & & & satellite images, UAV data, & & & \\  & & structure (robot) & & & & \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{Spelling building} & \multirow{2}{*}{Spelling building instances damages to buildings} & \multirow{2}{*}{Damage} & UAV data, VHR satellite} & & & \\  & & & images & & & \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{Rule plots and debris} & \multirow{2}{*}{To extract buildings damage ratio} & \multirow{2}{*}{Damage} & UAV data, VHR satellite} & & & \\  & & images & & & \\  & & changes in building networks do not produce regular buildings crack regime} & \multirow{2}{*}{Damage} & \multirow{2}{*}{✓} & \multirow{2}{*}{✓} & \multirow{2}{*}{✓} \\  & & & & & \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{(Walls/facules with cracks)} & \multirow{2}{*}{Damage} & UAV data, Radar data, & & & & \\  & & & Aerial images & & & \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{Faces/ gaps on roof and facade} & \multirow{2}{*}{To extract buildings damage ratio} & \multirow{2}{*}{Damage} & UAV data & & & \\  & & & & & \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{Interaction of cracks with structural element} & \multirow{2}{*}{To extract buildings damage ratio} & \multirow{2}{*}{Damage} & UAV data & & & \\  & & & & & \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{I.0 extract boundary pattern} & \multirow{2}{*}{Change in the windows pattern from its original to} & \multirow{2}{*}{Damage} & \multirow{2}{*}{Colique aerial images} & \multirow{2}{*}{✓} & \multirow{2}{*}{✓} & \multirow{2}{*}{✓} \\  & & irregular sensor show damage & & & & \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{Budding removal and reconstruction} & \multirow{2}{*}{Number of reconstructed buildings shows a progress in} & \multirow{2}{*}{Recovery} & VHR satellite images, & & & \\  & & recovery process & Aerial images & & & \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{Budding morphology} & \multirow{2}{*}{I.0 extract buildings crack regime} & \multirow{2}{*}{Nonphysical damage ratio} & \multirow{2}{*}{VHR satellite images} & & & \\  & & pose-distance sheets that are images in recovery process & & & & \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{Energy loss} & \multirow{2}{*}{Lower energy plus one value above hersenite of house} & \multirow{2}{*}{Recovery} & VHR images & ✓ & & \\  & & & & & \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{Position of building in relation to the street level} & \multirow{2}{*}{The Mediterranean behaviour of building to street level} & \multirow{2}{*}{Nonphysical damage} & VHR satellite images, & & & \\  & & (ballding in lower elevation in relation to street level are & & \\  & & & DSM data & & \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{Budding materials} & \multirow{2}{*}{To determine the structural vulnerability and resilience (e.g., correct-based buildings are more resilient than wood ones to water-related disasters)} & \multirow{2}{*}{Vulnerability, Resilience} & VHR images, Urban map & ✓ & [61; 62; 63; 64; 65; 66; 67; 68; 69; 70; 71; 72; 73; 74; 75; 76; 77; 78; 79; 80; 81; 82; 83; 84; 85; 86; 87; 88; 89; 90; 82; 84; 86; 87; 88; 89; 91; 83; 85; 87; 89; 92; 86; 87; 88; 93; 94; 95; 96; 97; 98; 99; 10; 99; 11; 12; 13; 14; 15; 16; 17; 18; 19; 120; 121; 13; 15; 16; 17; 18; 19; 130; 131; 18; 19; 14; 15; 16; 18; 19; 150; 18; 19; 151; 19; 16; 19; 17; 19; 20; 21; 22; 23; 24; 25; 26; 27; 28; 29; 21; 24; 26; 29; 22; 27; 29; 30; 31; 32; 33