# A New Low-Cost Compact Antenna for the 2.45 and 5.8 GHz ISM Bands
## 5 Conclusions  
This paper proposes a new dual-band antenna operating in the 2.45 GHz and 5.8 GHz bands. A detailed study of the design steps by simulation is made. Simulation results for antenna parameters have been compared with experimental measurements of the fabricated antenna. The manufactured antenna is compact, with dimensions of only 40 mm \(\times\) 24 mm. It operates at resonant frequencies of 2.44 GHz and 5.81 GHz, with high bandwidths of 140 MHz and 510 MHz at these frequencies, respectively. The fabricated antenna gain is 2.41 dBi at 2.44 GHz and 5.22 dBi at 5.81 GHz. The antenna's radiation efficiency is over 90%, reaching 96.2% at 5.81 GHz.  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Ref.** & **Freq.** & **Substrate** & **Antenna** & **Antenna Size** & **BW** & **Gain** & **Rad. Eff.** \\  & **(GHz)** & **Shape** & **(mm \(\times\) mm \(\times\) mm)** & **(MHz)** & **(dBi)** & **(\%)** \\ \hline
[17] & 2.45 & PDMS & Monopole & - & 84 & 4.16 & - \\  & 5.8 & & & 247 & 4.34 & - \\  & 2.45 & & & 200 & 4.90 & 68 \\
[18] & 5.8 & PDMS/PF4-foam & Monopole & 62 \(\times\) 62 \(\times\) 3.6 & 300 & 3.5 & 81 \\
[19] & 2.4 & Rogers & & 320 & 3.5 & - \\
[19] & 5.8 & R04350B & Microstrip slot & 45 \(\times\) 45 \(\times\)1.524 & 3730 & 6.2 & - \\
[21] & 2.4 & FR-4 & Monopole & 44 \(\times\) 33 \(\times\) 1.6 & - & 3.83 & - \\
[22] & 2.4 & RT/duroiol 5880 & Monopole & 40 \(\times\) 35 \(\times\) 1.6 & - & 3.6 & - \\  & 5.8 & & & 510 & 2.2 & - \\
[23] & 5.8 & FR-4 & Microstrip slot & 60 \(\times\) 30 \(\times\) 1.6 & 680 & 5.8 & - \\
[32] & 2.45 & RT/duroiol 5870 & Dipole & 126.7 \(\times\) 45 \(\times\) 0.5 & - & 5.4 & - \\
[33] & 2.4 & Rogers & & & 89 & 4.82 & 90.1 \\
[34] & 5.8 & R05003 & Microstrip slot & 44 \(\times\) 41 \(\times\) 1.52 & 300 & 5.75 & 87.4 \\
[34] & 2.4 & PDMS & Microstrip slot & - & 90 & \(-\)2.3 & - \\  & 5.8 & & & 330 & 6.67 & - \\ This work & 5.81 & FR-4 & Microstrip slot & 40 \(\times\) 24 \(\times\) 1.6 & 510 & 5.22 & 96.2 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}
Table 4: Comparative study of the antenna’s performance with the literature.  
The proposed dual-band antenna offers good overall performance and is compatible with two ISM radiofrequency bands. Consequently, the proposed solution looks very promising for Bluetooth, WiFi, and WiMAX applications and can extend to recovering energy systems by exploiting RF waves in the two ISM bands.  
An interesting prospect could be to combine this antenna with a dual-band energy recovery device, thus benefiting from both possible frequency options. Another possible option would be to exploit conventional MIMO-type techniques for information transmission: the dimensions and performance of the proposed antenna seem well-suited to this type of approach.  
Conceptualization, O.A.; methodology, O.A. and Y.D.; investigation, O.A. and A.B.; writing--original draft preparation, O.A.; writing--review and editing, O.A., A.B. and Y.D.; supervision, Y.D.; project administration, Y.D.; funding acquisition, Y.D. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.  
This research received no external funding.  
Not applicable.  
The original contributions presented in this study are included in the article. Further inquiries can be directed to the corresponding author.  
The authors declare no conflicts of interest.