# Proposal for a New Bioactive Kinetic Screw in an Implant, Using a Numerical Model
## 3 Results and Discussion
#### New Line of Research for Osseo-Integrated Screws  
Bone regeneration using implants coated with GFs stimulated local osseo-integration using screw-type dental implants [18]. The great potential of GFs in bone regeneration has been discussed by several authors [15, 16, 17, 18], their limitations seem to be the unpredictable nature of the resulting tissue regeneration in vivo [27]. [PERSON] et al. [28] introduced the \"Diamond Concept\" to describe the conditions necessary for osteogenication: mechanical stability at the defect site, osteogenic cells combined with osteo-inductive growth factors, and a suitable carrier or delivery system. Figure 4: Numerical results of the plastic strain at different time instants. The delivery system ensures normal protein concentrations at the site of injury for as long as necessary to allow the regenerative cells to migrate, proliferate, and differentiate [29; 30]. Collagen is the most abundant protein in the mammalian connective tissue and the main non-mineral component of bone. It has been prepared in implantable absorbable powders, membranes, films, and sponges, as well as in aqueous forms. Although versatile and easy to manipulate, the manufacture of collagen carriers is highly sensitive to several factors (including mass, soak time, protein concentration, sterilization, buffer composition, pH, and ionic strength) that directly affect rhBMPs binding [31]. Alginate is a non-immunogenic polysaccharide used in a wide range of tissue engineering applications for its gel-forming properties. Alginate hydrogels, allowing a controlled and prolonged release of BMPs, have been studied only in the preclinical phase, with promising results in vitro [32; 33]. Chitosan is a cationic gluco-polymer well known for its biological, chelating, and adsorbent properties, and has been used as a BMP-2 carrier in a rat critical-size mandibular defect model, with positive results in histological and histomorphometric analyses [34]. Hyaluronic acid is a naturally occurring biopolymer that plays a significant role in wound healing. It has been associated with improved bone formation in mandibular defects compared to collagen sponges when both were used to carry rhBMP-2 [35]. Hydroxyapatite (HA) has been widely used as a bone substitute material in clinical practice since the 1970s due to its ability to bind directly to bone [6; 33; 36; 37; 38]. The most used polymers applied as bone grafts are polylactic acid (PLLA) and polyglycolic acid (PLGA) [39]. Bone grafts act as scaffolds, allowing bone to grow on their surface and into the material. The combination of osteoconductive scaffolds with osteo-inductive proteins has been a major focus of research [40; 41]. The coating GFs on dental implant surfaces have been shown to be able to stimulate bone formation around the implants [28; 42]. Some research with gene delivery through adenoviral or liposomal vectors in animal models have been studied [43; 44]. [PERSON] et al. [45] studying bone formation in the concavities and convexities of dental implants, demonstrated that early bone formation was observed mainly in the concavities of implant screws inserted in rabbit tibia. Among other factors, there was a greater concentration of vessels within these concavities. The experiment results supported this hypothesis and the formation of blood vessels appeared to be stimulated by the presence of Scoops. Platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) [46] is an autologous material that is easy to produce; it can be derived from a person's own blood and is used to promote wound healing and tissue regeneration. PRF is expected to have a direct effect on enhancing tissue regeneration by saturating these tissues with blood growth factors. This is especially important in tissues with limited blood supply, such as bone tissue compared to soft tissue.