## 1 Introduction  
Nowadays, concrete is widely utilized in construction due to its durability, strength, and low maintenance cost. However, its production process consumes significant amounts of energy and relies heavily on non-sustainable raw material extraction, leading to considerable CO\({}_{2}\) emissions and depleting our natural resources. In addition, the disposal of construction and demolition waste presents a significant challenge, contributing to landfills and often leading to improper disposal. In this perspective, the utilization of Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag (GGBFS), a byproduct of the iron and steel industry, and Recycled Coarse Aggregate (RCA), derived from constructing and demolition wastes, can be reused. Not only does this approach promote recycling, it also helps minimize the waste disposal crisis and reduces the demand for virgin materials. Some researchers have found that RCA concrete does not perform as well mechanically or in terms of durability compared to Natural Aggregate Concrete (NAC) [1]. This is because RCA concrete tends to possess weaker properties, often due to the presence of residual mortar and a weaker Interfacial Transition Zone (ITZ) between the aggregate and the cement paste [2]. However, these weaknesses can be addressed by using supplementary cement-based materials. These materials can improve the properties of the RCA concrete, thereby enhancing the performance of the RCA concrete and making it more comparable to the performance of NAC. GGBFS is a valuable by-product of the iron and steel industry, notable for its latent hydraulic properties. These characteristics, when activated by hydration in the presence of lime, contribute significantly to the strength and hardened properties of concrete, making it more durable and resistant to various environmental conditions [3]. Extensive research underscores the beneficial impacts of incorporating GGBFS into RCA concrete. Those studies show the potential of waste materials in enhancing the environmental sustainability of concrete production while significantly reducing cement consumption. One study [4] found that using RCA in concrete decreased strength; however, strength can be improved when partially replaced with 30% Pulverized Fuel Ash (PFA) and 65% GGBFS. This composition also improved resistance to chloride ion permeability and reduced steel corrosion rates. A separate study [5] showed that incorporation of GGBFS in RCA concrete decreases the compressive strength but significantly enhances the durability, making it a valuable additive for long-term resilience of concrete structures. Additional research by [PERSON] [6] showed that GGBFS improves tensile splitting strength and bond strength in RCA concrete, particularly when used at a 60% replacement level. However, it contributes to lower density and increased water absorption. An investigation by [PERSON] et al. [7] showed that concrete made with 50% RCA and 40% GGBFS improves workability, conserves materials, and achieves comparable performance to conventional concrete, making it a sustainable choice. Another study [8] revealed enhanced structural performance in reinforced concrete beams with high volumes of GGBFS, RCA, lime, and superplasticizer. These elements significantly improve compressive and shear strength, shifting failure modes from brittle to ductile, and enhancing sustainability in the construction industry. Lastly, Response Surface Methodology (RSM) was demonstrated to accurately forecast the durability and compressive strength of RCA concrete enhanced with GGBFS and Silica Fume (SF) [9]. Two optimized concrete mix designs were achieved: one maximizing mechanical strength and durability, the other prioritizing environmental sustainability through maximal use of GGBFS, SF, and RCA. In this work, we introduce a novel approach that combines powerful machine learning techniques to investigate the compressive strength--a critical characteristic--of eco-friendly concrete containing GGBFS and RCA.