# Application of Blockchain Technology in Emergency Management Systems: A Bibliometric Analysis
## 4 Results
### Keyword Co-Occurrence Analysis  
Analyzing the keyword co-occurrence network provides key insights into the conceptual framework and thematic progression of research within this field. This network was visualized using CiteSpace, with keywords displayed as nodes and their co-occurrence frequency in academic publications as edges (Figure 5). The importance of a keyword is shown by node size, while the strength of keyword relationships is shown by edge thickness. This visualization can effectively detail the research domain's semantic structure. As shown in the network analysis (Table 5), \"management\" emerges as the keyword that occurs most frequently, appearing 32 times with the highest centrality score of 0.29, indicating its pivotal role in the research landscape. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{l l l c c c} \hline \hline \# & **Author** & **Institution** & **Count** & **Centr.** & **Year** \\ \hline
1 & [PERSON] & - & 40 & 0.09 & 2017 \\
2 & [PERSON] & Ethereum Foundation, UK & 18 & 0.01 & 2020 \\
3 & [PERSON] & MIT, USA & 17 & 0.15 & 2019 \\
4 & [PERSON] & University of Montpellier, France & 15 & 0.02 & 2022 \\
5 & [PERSON] & Kunming University, China & 13 & 0.01 & 2020 \\
6 & [PERSON] & University of Alabama in & 12 & 0.05 & 2021 \\
7 & [PERSON] & University of Kentucky, USA & 11 & 0.02 & 2023 \\
8 & [PERSON] & Sun Yat-Sen University, China & 10 & 0.03 & 2020 \\
9 & [PERSON] & Huaqiao University, China & 10 & 0.01 & 2020 \\
10 & [PERSON] & Foisie School of Business, USA & 9 & 0.04 & 2020 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 4: Top ten most frequently co-cited authors. Figure 5: Network map of keywords. The second-most prominent keywords are \"internet\" and \"blockchain\", each with 25 occurrences, underscoring their interconnectedness as well as their foundational role in technological advancements. Other significant keywords include \"technology\" (18 occurrences), \"artificial intelligence\" (18 occurrences), and \"internet of things\" (17 occurrences). These keywords reflect a strong orientation toward emerging technological trends and interdisciplinary research. The burst detection analysis provides valuable insights into the shifting focus and emerging trends within the research domain over time. Figure 6 presents the top ten keywords with the strongest citation bursts from 2017 to 2024, highlighting distinct phases of heightened academic interest in this domain. These bursts indicate periods of rapid development and innovation, offering a detailed perspective on how the field has responded to evolving technological advancements and real-world challenges. From a temporal perspective, the bursts can be grouped into three primary phases:  
* **2019-2020:** This period was characterized by a surge in interest in \"augmented reality\" and \"big data\", reflecting the early integration of blockchain with immersive technologies and large-scale data processing. * **2020-2021:** The focus shifted towards core technological aspects, as seen in the bursts of \"technology\" and \"things\", emphasizing the role of blockchain in the IoT. * **2021-2024:** Research priorities transitioned towards security and operational applications, with bursts in \"smart contracts\", \"secure\", and \"networks\", underscoring the importance of trust and reliability in decentralized ecosystems. The extended burst of  
Figure 6: Top ten keywords with the strongest citation bursts. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{l l l r r} \hline \hline
**\#** & **Keyword** & **Count** & **Centrality** & **Year** \\ \hline
1 & management & 32 & 0.29 & 2017 \\
2 & internet & 25 & 0.19 & 2019 \\
3 & blockchain & 25 & 0.11 & 2019 \\
4 & technology & 18 & 0.18 & 2020 \\
5 & artificial intelligence & 18 & 0.12 & 2019 \\
6 & internet of things & 17 & 0.11 & 2019 \\
7 & system & 16 & 0.13 & 2020 \\
8 & challenges & 15 & 0.08 & 2020 \\
9 & scheme & 15 & 0.07 & 2022 \\
10 & blockchain technology & 14 & 0.07 & 2020 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 5: Top keywords in the research domain.