# Periodontal Disease Diagnosis in the Context of Oral Rehabilitation Approaches
## 4 Results
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{l c c c c c} \hline \hline  & & \multicolumn{4}{c}{**Subgingival Tartar**} \\
**Parameter** & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Total**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Study Sample**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Control Sample**} \\  & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**(n = 390)**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**(n = 195)**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**(n = 195)**} \\  & **Absent** & **Present** & **Absent** & **Present** & **Absent** & **Present** \\  & **n (\%)** & **n (\%)** & **n (\%)** & **n (\%)** & **n (\%)** & **n (\%)** \\ \hline Gender & \multicolumn{2}{c}{\(p=0.776\)\({}^{\dagger}\)} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{\(p=0.294\)\({}^{\dagger}\)} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{\(p=0.516\)\({}^{\dagger}\)} \\ M & 78 (35.3\%) & 62 (36.7\%) & 36 (32.7\%) & 34 (40.0\%) & 42 (37.8\%) & 28 (33.3\%) \\ F & 143 (64.7\%) & 107 (63.3\%) & 74 (67.3\%) & 51 (60.0\%) & 69 (62.2\%) & 56 (66.7\%) \\ Age group & \multicolumn{2}{c}{\(p=0.003\)\({}^{\ast,\dagger}\)} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{\(p=0.003\)\({}^{\ast,\dagger}\)} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{\(p=0.003\)\({}^{\ast,\dagger}\)} \\
20–29 yrs & 41 (18.6\%) & 2 (1.2\%) & 20 (18.2\%) & 1(1.2\%) & 21 (18.9\%) & 1 (1.2\%) \\
30–39 yrs & 27 (12.2\%) & 18 (10.7\%) & 12 (10.9\%) & 8 (9.4\%) & 15 (13.5\%) & 10 (11.9\%) \\
40–49 yrs & 36 (16.3\%) & 27 (16.0\%) & 19 (17.3\%) & 14 (16.5\%) & 17 (15.3\%) & 13 (15.5\%) \\
50–59 yrs & 47 (21.3\%) & 47 (27.8\%) & 23 (20.9\%) & 23 (27.1\%) & 24 (21.6\%) & 24 (28.6\%) \\
60–69 yrs & 70 (31.7\%) & 75 (44.4\%) & 36 (32.7\%) & 39 (45.9\%) & 34 (30.6\%) & 36 (42.9\%) \\ Gingival & \multicolumn{2}{c}{\(p<0.001\)\({}^{\ast,\dagger}\)} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{\(p<0.001\)\({}^{\ast,\dagger}\)} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{\(p<0.001\)\({}^{\ast,\dagger}\)} \\  & \multicolumn{2}{c}{\(p<0.001\)\({}^{\ast,\dagger}\)} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{\(p<0.001\)\({}^{\ast,\dagger}\)} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{\(p<0.001\)\({}^{\ast,\dagger}\)} \\  & \multicolumn{2}{c}{\(p<0.001\)\({}^{\ast,\dagger}\)} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{\(64\) (37.9\%)} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{\(87\) (79.1\%)} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{32 (37.6\%)} & 94 (84.7\%) & 32 (38.1\%) \\  & \multicolumn{2}{c}{\(40\) (18.1\%)} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{\(105\) (62.1\%)} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{\(23\) (20.9\%)} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{53 (62.4\%)} & 17 (15.3\%) & 52 (61.9\%) \\ Periodontal & \multicolumn{2}{c}{\(p<0.001\)\({}^{\ast,\dagger}\)} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{\(p<0.001\)\({}^{\ast,\dagger}\)} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{\(p=0.012\)\({}^{\ast,\dagger}\)} \\ pockets & \multicolumn{2}{c}{\(p<0.001\)\({}^{\ast,\dagger}\)} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{\(p<0.001\)\({}^{\ast,\dagger}\)} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{\(p=0.012\)\({}^{\ast,\dagger}\)} \\  & \multicolumn{2}{c}{\(p<0.001\)\({}^{\ast,\dagger}\)} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{\(p=0.602\)\({}^{\ddagger}\)} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{\(p<0.001\)\({}^{\ast,\dagger}\)} \\  & \multicolumn{2}{c}{\(p=0.001\)\({}^{\ast,\dagger}\)} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{\(p=0.602\)\({}^{\ddagger}\)} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{\(p<0.001\)\({}^{\ast,\dagger}\)} \\  & \multicolumn{2}{c}{\(p=0.001\)\({}^{\ast,\dagger}\)} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{\(p=0.001\)\({}^{\ast,\dagger}\)} \\  & \multicolumn{2}{c}{\(p<0.001\)\({}^{\ast,\dagger}\)} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{\(p<0.001\)\({}^{\ast,\dagger}\)} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{\(p<0.001\)\({}^{\ast,\dagger}\)} \\
0 & 140 (63.3\%) & 39 (23.1\%) & 86 (78.2\%) & 20 (23.5\%) & 54 (48.6\%) & 19 (22.6\%) \\
1 & 56 (25.3\%) & 67 (39.6\%) & 18 (16.4\%) & 45 (52.9\%) & 38 (34.2\%) & 22 (26.2\%) \\
2 & 24 (10.9\%) & 42 (24.9\%) & 5 (4.5\%) & 18 (21.2\%) & 19 (17.1\%) & 24 (28.6\%) \\
3 & 1 (0.5\%) & 21 (12.4\%) & 1 (0.9\%) & 2 (2.4\%) & 0 (0.0\%) & 19 (22.6\%) \\ Plaque index PI & \multicolumn{2}{c}{\(p=0.001\)\({}^{\ast,\dagger}\)} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{\(p=0.602\)\({}^{\ddagger}\)} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{\(p<0.001\)\({}^{\ast,\dagger}\)} \\ (m \(\pm\) SD) & 0.307 \(\pm\) 0.204 & 0.416 \(\pm\) 0.293 & 0.368 \(\pm\)0.244 & 0.386 \(\pm\) 0.253 & 0.248 \(\pm\) 0.130 & 0.446 \(\pm\) 0.328 \\ Bleeding index BI & \multicolumn{2}{c}{\(p=0.001\)\({}^{\ast,\dagger}\)} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{\(p=0.328\)\({}^{\ddagger}\)} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{\(p<0.001\)\({}^{\ast,\dagger}\)} \\ (m \(\pm\) SD) & 0.323 \(\pm\) 0.230 & 0.411 \(\pm\) 0.260 & 0.464 \(\pm\) 0.225 & 0.497 \(\pm\) 0.232 & 0.184 \(\pm\) 0.128 & 0.324 \(\pm\) 0.258 \\ Gingival index GI & \multicolumn{2}{c}{\(p<0.001\)\({}^{\ast,\dagger}\)} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{\(p=0.207\)\({}^{\ddagger}\)} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{\(p<0.001\)\({}^{\ast,\dagger}\)} \\ (m \(\pm\) SD) & 0 In the control group, without antibiotic therapy, a significant worsening of periodontal disease was observed, as expected, both at the 3-month and the 6-month evaluation, supported by an increase in the values of the four periodontal indices assessed (Table 4).