# Fuzzy Decision Algorithm for Health Impact Assessment in a 5G Environment
###### Abstract  
The widespread use of mobile phones and other wireless communication devices raises concerns about radiation's impact on humans. A new algorithm for making decisions for the assessment of the biological impact of non-ionizing radiation is presented in this paper. The algorithm was developed according to ICNIRP (the International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection) guidelines using fuzzy logic. Appropriate membership function choices and optimized fuzzy rule selections are crucial for fuzzy modeling. Fuzzy logic is widely applied for multiparameter process modeling using linguistic forms and mathematical expressions. A comprehensive analysis of 4G and 5G network parameters was carried out including electrical and magnetic field strengths, frequency ranges, power densities, and exposure times. The proposed hands-on fuzzy decision-making algorithm can be used for fast, easy, and reliable non-ionizing radiation risk assessment for the following social groups: residents, on-site workers, and professional users.  
radiation risk assessment; fuzzy decision-making algorithm; radiofrequency electromagnetic field; human health +
Footnote †: journal: _Applied_  
0000-0002-3311-1103-3211]S.S.M.  
for exposure limits and safety measures, and to collaborate with other organizations and stakeholders to ensure the implementation of its recommendations.  
In this paper, a fuzzy decision-making algorithm for assessing the impact of electromagnetic fields (EMFs) on humans is proposed. Three starting points motivated the development of the algorithm. The first is the existing algorithm published by the authors [1]. The second is the ICNIRP 2020 guidelines [2]. The third regards the consequences of research presented in many epidemiological studies that indirectly indicate that thermal effects are not the only health consequences of EMF exposure. The IARC classifies agents that humans may be exposed to and deals with the condition analysis for radiation-induced cancer [3].  
In the first part of this paper, the authors state the differences and similarities between the ICNIRP guidelines editions (1998, 2010, and 2020) to modify and improve an existing algorithm [1]. The second part deals with a brief analysis of several epidemiological studies that indicate the non-thermal effects of non-ionizing electromagnetic fields on human health (biological, neuropsychiatric, etc.). The third part deals with a brief analysis of 5G mobile networks, today's Internet technologies, and the \"smart\" environment. The fourth part describes the decision-making process based on an algorithm whose output parameters are: recommended protection, health risk level, and the need for further research on adverse effects. The fuzzy model for assessing the impact of the 5G network is presented in the fifth part. In conclusion, the need for further research regarding confirming or rejecting concerns and dilemmas has been emphasized.  
A fuzzy decision-making process is a type of decision-making technique that is used to solve complex and vague problems. This technique uses fuzzy logic, allowing for the representation of vague and imprecise information. The aim of this paper is to discuss the fuzzy decision-making process, its advantages, and practical applications.  
The presented decision-making algorithm and fuzzy models have several common goals including the following: the assessment of EMFs' impact on health according to valid recommendations and standards, the indication of unexplored adverse health effects, and the reduction of subjectivity in assessing EMFs' impact on health. This paper represents a pioneering attempt to harmonize these three seemingly opposing aspects into a unique practically applicable methodology.