## 2 Literature Review
[16] numerically investigated the sloshing dynamics of a partially filled rectangular tank that was subjected to vertical harmonic and seismic excitations. They developed a numerical model based on the FVM and the VOF method and validated this in experiments, and analysed the free surface displacement, magnitude of velocity, vorticity, pressure distribution, and forces on the side walls. They identified the optimal baffle position and width for controlling the total response from the resultant slosh-wave amplitude under coupled seismic excitation. [PERSON] et al. [17] developed a numerical model based on the VOF method and employed this model to analyse sloshing in a partially filled cylindrical tank with and without various baffle arrangements under harmonic acceleration excitations. They determined that conventional baffles only suppressed sloshing in the longitudinal direction, whereas combined baffles suppressed sloshing in both the longitudinal and lateral directions. As such, they concluded that combined baffles reduced the impact strength of liquid against the tank structures, and thus substantially reduced the free surface deformation of the liquid. Various studies have developed methods that take FSI into account. [PERSON] et al. [18] developed a coupled finite element formulation to compute the natural frequencies of liquid and a liquid-filled tank-baffle system. They evaluated the sloshing frequencies when an annular circular baffle of various dimensions was attached to various positions of the tank wall and found that the slosh frequencies were reduced by the baffle. This reduction was greatest when the baffle was placed near to the liquid's free surface and gradually decreased as the baffle was moved towards the bottom of the tank. [PERSON] and [PERSON] [19] developed velocity-potential-based nonlinear FEM computation methods for analysing large-amplitude liquid sloshing in a 2D baffled tank subjected to horizontal forced excitation. They used these methods to investigate the effect of the relative installation height and opening width of the baffles on the hydrodynamic characteristics of large-amplitude liquid sloshing. They determined that the maximum dynamic force and moment were lowest when the relative opening width of baffles was 0.40-0.50 and the relative installation height of baffles was 0.65-0.70. [PERSON] et al. [20] further developed FEM computation methods by adding an artificial damping term into the kinematic free surface condition to reflect the eminent dissipation effect of resonant sloshing. They identified that the effect of four parameters--the number of baffles, the installation height of baffles, the extent of the reduction in the opening width of baffles, and the liquid fill height--on the resonant sloshing response weakened as the resonance frequency increased, with the installation height showing the maximum sensitivity. [PERSON] et al. [21] studied the effect of baffles on sloshing in a partially filled cubic tank by developing fully coupled FSI modelling methods based on the arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian formulation and the VOF method. They experimentally validated these methods in terms of hydrodynamic pressure and free surface displacement. [PERSON] and [PERSON] [22] used the coupled Eulerian-Lagrangian method to numerically investigate the ability of moving baffles linked to a spring system to suppress liquid sloshing in a container under harmonic and seismic excitation. They found that the moving baffles suppressed the kinetic energy of sloshing by absorbing it and by dissipating it, with the latter occurring via the recirculation zones generated in the liquid domain.