# Evaluation of Anti-Skid Performance of Asphalt Mixture Based on Accelerated Loading Test
## 3 Result and Discussion
### Anti-Skiid Performance and Durability Evaluation
#### 3.3.2 Equation Comparison  
To assess the precision and dependability of the anti-skid performance attenuation equation (Equation (10)) of asphalt pavement obtained from the indoor accelerated loading test, the predictive equation was evaluated against test road observation data and compared with the on-site prediction equation (Equation (11)) in Tables 11 and 12. The results reveal that the SFC predicted values obtained from Equation (10) are marginally greater than the actual measured values, with a maximum relative deviation rate of 15.4%, and the predicted values of Equation (10) tend to be overestimated. The phenomenon is thought to be related to the lower ground pressure of the acceleration load test tire (0.7 MPa) than the actual truck tire ground pressure on the road. The minimum deviation rate in the five test sections is 3.7%, while the maximum deviation rate is 18.9%, with the absolute deviation of the predicted SFC varying between 2 and 12, indicating the prediction accuracy can satisfy the engineering application requirements. Additionally, it verifies the accuracy and reliability of the indoor anti-skid prediction Equation (10). Given that the equation is obtained through fitting, it requires additional data to verify its generalizability and applicability.  
In the past few years, several researchers have conducted investigations into anti-skid resistance. For instance, [PERSON] [20] developed a prediction model for skid and polishing resistance that correlated laboratory-based polishing simulation with skid resistance measurement and evaluated the evolution of skid resistance under traffic in the field. [PERSON] [25] explored the skid resistance performance of asphalt mixtures containing recycled materials through their polishing behavior under traffic. The study  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c} \hline \hline \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Anti-Skid Surface Type**} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{**Measured SFC**} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{**Equation (10)**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**Forecast SFC**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**Precision Rate**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**Deviation Rate**} \\ \cline{3-3} \cline{5-6} \multicolumn{2}{c}{} & & & & & \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{GAC-16} & Option One & 57.7 & 60.5 & +2.8 & 4.6 \\ \cline{2-6}  & Option Two & 54.5 & 64.4 & +9.9 & 15.4 \\ \cline{2-6}  & Option Three & 54.2 & 60.7 & +6.6 & 10.8 \\ \cline{2-6}  & Option Four & 53.6 & 62.7 & +9.1 & 14.6 \\ \hline \multicolumn{2}{c}{HET-10} & 55.3 & 57.1 & +1.8 & 3.2 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}
Table 11: Comparison of predicted value and measured value.  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c} \hline \hline \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Anti-Skid Surface Type**} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{**Equation (11)**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**Equation (10)**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**SFX Deviation**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**Deviation Rate**} \\ \cline{3-3} \cline{5-6} \multicolumn{2}{c}{} & & & & \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{GAC-16} & Option One & 57 & 60.5 & +3.5 & 5.8 \\ \cline{2-6}  & Option Two & 52.2 & 64.4 & +12.2 & 18.9 \\ \cline{2-6}  & Option Three & 53 & 60.7 & +7.8 & 12.8 \\ \cline{2-6}  & Option Four & 53.2 & 62.7 & +9.5 & 15.1 \\ \hline \multicolumn{2}{c}{HET-10} & 55 & 57.1 & +2.1 & 3.7 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}
Table 12: Comparison of the prediction results of the two equations.  
developed preliminary equations that adequately described the polishing curves of the investigated mixtures, with results demonstrating that the friction level of the tested asphalt mixtures containing RAP or CR is slightly lower than the conventional ones (using the attenuation rate B value to evaluate the anti-skid durability). The accuracy and reliability of the indoor anti-skid prediction equation have been established. Future research should integrate the actual traffic situation and the change rule for asphalt mixture anti-skid resistance into actual engineering to improve the equation using more data.