# Resource Management and Secure Data Exchange for Mobile Sensors Using Ethereum Blockchain
## 3 Problem Description  
Integrating mobile sensors into IoT applications represents a significant advancement in digital ecosystems, particularly in smart cities, healthcare, and environmental monitoring. These sensors contribute to a data-rich environment that demands robust frameworks for efficient resource management and secure data communication. Conventional IoT architectures, predominantly based on static sensor networks, need to be revised due to the dynamic nature of mobile sensors, necessitating more flexible and scalable solutions. Blockchain technology, particularly Ethereum, offers promising features such as decentralization, immutability, and transparency, which are crucial for managing complex IoT ecosystems and ensuring data integrity. However, the adoption of blockchain in this context faces several challenges:  
* _Sub-Optimal Scalability:_ Existing blockchain networks often struggle with scalability as the number of nodes and transactions increases [28; 29; 30; 31; 32; 33; 34; 35; 36; 37; 38; 39; 40; 41; 42; 43; 44; 45; 46; 47; 48; 49; 50; 51; 52; 53]. In sensor networks, where thousands or even millions of devices generate data and transactions, scalability becomes a significant concern. Each node's computational and storage requirements grow with the blockchain, potentially leading to performance degradation and decreased efficiency. * _Extensive Energy Consumption_: Traditional blockchain consensus mechanisms, such as Proof-of-Work (PoW), require significant computational power and energy consumption [42]. This is particularly problematic for resource-constrained sensor networks with limited battery life. Energy-efficient consensus mechanisms like Proof-of-Stake (PoS) or delegated consensus are more suitable but still need careful consideration [46; 48]. * _Storage Requirements_: Storing a full copy of the blockchain ledger on each node consumes considerable storage space, which may be limited in sensor devices [46; 48]. As the blockchain grows over time, storage requirements increase, potentially ex \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Authors** & **Problem** & **Methods** & **Benefits** & **Limitation** \\ \hline [PERSON] et al. [49] & Resource management in IoT & Federated learning combined with blockchain and SVM & Acceptable identification accuracy; decentralized management & Non-scalable performance; challenges with large-scale IoT deployments \\ [PERSON] et al. [50], [PERSON] et al. [51], [PERSON] et al. [52], and [PERSON] et al. [53] & Blockchain security in critical infrastructures & Machine learning approaches integrated with blockchain & Effective predictive accuracy in threat detection & Higher response time; potential inefficiencies in real-time operations \\ [PERSON] et al. [54] & Event control in smart grids & Parallel Proof-of-Stake mechanism and secure routing & Can sustain operations under cyberattack scenarios; ensures reliable event monitoring & Resource-inefficient for massive data transmission; challenges with real-time processing \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 1: \(Cont.\)ceeding the capacity of sensor devices. Managing and pruning historical data while maintaining blockchain integrity remains a challenge. * _Bandwidth Constraints_: Blockchain transactions and communication with other nodes consume network bandwidth. Blockchain-related traffic can compete with sensor data transmission in sensor networks with constrained or intermittent communication channels, leading to congestion and delays [38]. * _Latency_: The validation and consensus processes required for blockchain transactions introduce latency, which can be problematic for time-sensitive applications [39]. Balancing transaction validation with the need for low latency is essential in sensor networks. * _Transaction Cost_: Blockchain transactions often incentivize miners or validators [29; 38]. In sensor networks where microtransactions are typical, these fees can become a significant overhead due to their disproportionate nature compared to the value of the transactions.