## 3 Results and Synthesis
### Microclimate Correlation with Spatial Design
#### 3.2.3 GN3: 5A  
In all the studied G.N.s, it was found that 5 As spatial design positively shapes the microclimate of the space to achieve better human comfort. In addition, \"5A\" is the preferred destination among the other nodes based on the feedback from respondents (see the previous radar analysis). However, most respondents cited the space's positive vibes, high comfort level, and luxurious architecture and materials. These traits encourage users/occupants to sit and take a couple of photos, as mentioned previously.  
A high thermal discomfort is computed through the UTCI index using ladybug tools with the localized weather data generated by [35], See Figure 20. Additionally, according to the analyzed metrological data, air temperature registers the highest value at 38 \({}^{\circ}\)C with an elevated radiation range of 230 kWh/m\({}^{2}\) in typical summer. Paths aligned in the east-west direction are exposed to direct radiation for almost 7 h. Only 2 m on the south side of the east-west paths has a lower radiation exposure time of 4 h a day, See Figure 21.  
Figure 21: (**a**) Waterway White: the solar radiation falling across the day. (**b**) Radiation falling on the facade across the day; the yellow color refers to areas exposed to radiation almost the whole day, while the darker the gradient to blue is the least zones exposed to direct radiation. (**c**) Temporal radiation percentage falling on the facade, generated through ladybug tools; the blue color refers to the lowest exposed facade to radiation generated through ladybug tools (author).  
Figure 20: Annual UTCI index at “5A” generated by ladybug tools.  
This finding prompted the authors to look closely at E.W. paths' function and equipment (furniture). Benches and palm trees exist on this path. Therefore, it is expected that these benches will not be used during the 12:00 to 16:00 period due to high thermal due to the directly exposed sun radiance. On the other hand, in the evening, these linear WE paths accommodate users for leisure activities, sitting, and photographing at a high level of thermal comfort. This finding proves its relevance to respondents' feedback on the questionnaire.  
In contrast, the spaces between the building blocks are privileged with dynamic shade during the day. It encourages outdoor space usage with increased human thermal comfort through its spatial design and advanced degree of enclosure (see Figure 21). Temporal solar analyses were performed, and the following was concluded. In the morning time, 9:00 to 12:00, 90% of the area is exposed to direct radiation falling on the ground, and the building block shades 10%. A closer look at the outdoor space design shows that water fountains and greenery are present in the middle/central space between the building blocks. Together, these additives actively moderate the microclimate but cannot shield the radiation falling directly on the ground surfaces. Hence, horizontal shading structures (temporary/permanent) were added to achieve better thermal comfort.  
In the peak time of the day, 12:00 to 16:00, 40 to 55% of the area has irradiation hours of 3.50 to 5.60 h. The remaining percentage of space has direct radiation falling on the ground, middle space. The percentage of radiation reaching the ground reaches its minimum from 16:00 to sunset, which offers a better opportunity for thermal comfort. This finding correlates strongly with the respondents to the questionnaire since the spatial design has a significant impact on human comfort. Hence, the building heights, the dimension of the space, and the orientation should be considered [55].