## 4 Results
### Life Cycle Assessment of Different ELT Recycling Methods
The LCA results highlight notable differences across disposal methods, as shown in Table 2. Each method's environmental impacts are evaluated across several categories:  
ADP (Fossil Fuels): Recycling significantly lowers the abiotic depletion of fossil fuels compared to incineration and landfilling. A&B (Acidification): Incineration exhibits moderate acidification potential, whereas recycling achieves better results by reducing the overall acidification impact. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c} \hline \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**Impact Category**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**Reference Unit**} & \multicolumn{5}{c}{**Scenarios**} \\ \cline{3-6}  & & **1** & **2** & **3** & **4** & **5** \\ \hline ADP & MJ & 363.5 & 13,922.3 & 394.6 & 389.8 & 73,370.4 \\ \hline A\&B & kg SO2 Eq. & 0.1 & 4.2 & 0.2 & 0.2 & 13.2 \\ \hline MAETP & kg 1,4-DCDEq. & 38,010.7 & 169,5425.8 & 123,937.4 & 120,899.9 & 2,986,150.8 \\ \hline TETP & kg 1,4-DCBEq. & 0.11 & 4.73 & 0.27 & 0.27 & 8.27 \\ \hline GWP & kg CO2 Eq. & 69.3 & 1693.6 & 122.9 & 36.1 & 2766.6 \\ \hline FAETP & kg 1,4-DCDEq. & 33.0 & 979.0 & 125.0 & 110.1 & 1267.2 \\ \hline ADP (MATERIALS) & kg SbEq. & 0.00086 & 0.03069 & 0.00291 & 0.00291 & 0.04922 \\ \hline EU & kg PO4 Eq. & 0.03 & 2.36 & 0.86 & 0.11 & 3.72 \\ \hline HTP & kg 1,4-DCDEq. & 45.9 & 3870.8 & 140.3 & 140.1 & 3060.7 \\ \hline ODP & kg CFC-11 Eq. & 0.000003 & 0.000078 & 0.000003 & 0.00003 & 0.000513 \\ \hline NOX & kg ethyleneEq. & 0.015 & 0.345 & 0.030 & 0.011 & 0.684 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 2: OpenLCA calculation results of the impact on the environment of different tire recycling approaches. MAETP (Marine Aquatic Ecotoxicity) and TETP (Terrestrial Ecotoxicity): These categories show substantial differences. Recycling outperforms other methods due to reduced toxic emissions and resource recovery. GWP (Climate Change--GWP 100a): Recycling 1 ton of ELTs results in emissions between 36.1 and 122.9 kg CO2 Eq., which is significantly lower than incineration (up to 1693.6 kg CO2 Eq.) and new tire production (2766.6 kg CO2 Eq.). FAETP (Freshwater Aquatic Ecotoxicity): Recycling demonstrates improved performance compared to incineration, minimizing the ecotoxicity impact on freshwater ecosystems. ADP (Materials): Recycling contributes to lower material depletion by recovering steel fibers, crumb rubber, and textiles, reducing the demand for virgin resources. EU (Eutrophication): Car tire recycling exhibits a higher eutrophication potential (0.9 kg PO4 Eq.) compared to truck tire recycling (0.1 kg PO4 Eq. ), but both are significantly better than incineration. HTP (Human Toxicity): Recycling demonstrates reduced human toxicity impact compared to incineration and new tire production. ODP (Ozone Layer Depletion): All scenarios have minimal impacts, but recycling remains the most favorable option. POX (Photochemical Oxidation): Recycling contributes the least to photochemical oxidation compared to other disposal methods. Generally, the conventional assessment of tire production employs an average impact, which is arrived at by assuming every component also contributes equally to the impact. On the other hand, this unsophisticated method is not efficient enough for tire recycling due to the multiple compounds contained in different tire kinds. Given this complexity, the decision was made to conduct analyses among the same tire waste used in the tire recycling process. In this case, the choice of strategy enables a more sophisticated assessment that considers the complicated formulation of rubber and the individual environmental implications that have always been associated with their recycling processes. Figure 3: ELT treatment scenario calculation outcome of percentage breakdown chart. After studying the scores of the environmental impact categories presented in Figure 3, the situation can be better understood with the available visualization. The information is presented in percentage contribution, where 100% of the impact is counted as an environmental impact from producing 1 ton of new tires.