## 3 Results
### Association of Multifactors with Carpal Tunnel Syndrome
One out of the multifactorial 42 studies focused on identifying a significant relationship between the degree of severity of CTS, age, BMI, wrist circumference, and waist circumference [7]. The 547 participating patients were classified into four CTS severity groups employing electrophysiological studies and anthropometric measurements were made. ANOVA, covariance analysis, and logistic regression analysis were performed. A significant relationship between CTS severity and age, BMI, and waist circumference were identified. [PERSON] et al. [44] included 31 patients with CTS and macromastia in their study, and their physical characteristics were recorded, such as age, BMI, and breast size. Clinical and electrophysiological assessments of the upper limb were performed, which found that age, chest circumference, and breast size have a positive correlation with the incidence of CTS. [PERSON] et al. [45] conducted a study involving 115 idiopathic CTS patients and 115 controls. They analyzed their data using logistic regression analysis with pre-diabetes as the dependent variable and age, BMI, and CTS as independent variables. The results showed that CTS is closely related to age and being overweight. [PERSON], [PERSON], [PERSON] and [PERSON] [46] found that older age, higher BMI, and diabetes mellitus were more prevalent in patients with bilateral CTS, and that age and BMI were independently associated with bilateral CTS in a study that involved 130 subjects with CTS. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to identify independent predictors of CTS. [PERSON], [PERSON], [PERSON], [PERSON], [PERSON], [PERSON], [PERSON] and [PERSON] [47] confirmed through a case-control study with 791 CTS cases and 981 controls that female sex, obesity, and age are independent risk factors for CTS. The probability ratio between the two groups was calculated to analyze the ratio frequency, and the possible sources of bias were studied using stratified and multivariate analyses. [PERSON], [PERSON] and [PERSON] [48] conducted a cross-sectional study involving 36 patients with a diagnosis of primary hypothyroidism and CTS by performing clinical examinations and electrophysiological NCS. An increase in BMI is a significant risk factor for CTS in hypothyroidism, and the clinical evidence of CTS proved to be a very sensitive parameter for it. [PERSON], [PERSON], [PERSON], [PERSON], [PERSON] and [PERSON] [49] found that the musculoskeletal conditions of a previous wrist fracture, rheumatoid arthritis, and osteoarthritis of the wrist and carpus, an increase in BMI, diabetes, and hypothyroidism are important risk factors for CTS. The cases were patients with a diagnosis of CTS; four controls were individually matched by age, sex,and general practice, and the data set included 3391 cases. The association between CTS and each exposure was analyzed using conditional logistic regression. In a study involving 293 patients and 50 healthy individuals, [PERSON], [PERSON], [PERSON], [PERSON], [PERSON], [PERSON], [PERSON] and [PERSON] [50] determined that there are electrodiagnostic differences between CTS patients with diabetes mellitus, CTS and hypothyroidism, CTS and fibromyalgia syndrome, CTS and rheumatoid arthritis, and idiopathic CTS cases via comparisons with NCS. There were no significant differences between the groups in terms of sex and age. [PERSON], [PERSON], [PERSON], [PERSON] and [PERSON] [51] reported a retrospective cohort study via billing system queries using common procedural terminology codes for all patients who underwent open CTR and/or open cubital tunnel surgery. The study involved 1257 patients with CTS, 326 with an open cubital release, and 100 with open carpal and cubital tunnel release. In the multivariable analysis, older age, female sex, higher BMI, trigger finger, and de Quervain tenosynovitis were associated with CTR. Data from the Adult Basic Module of the 2010 National Health Interview Survey was used as the basis for calculating the prevalence estimates of CTS and migraines.