## 3 Results
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Variable** & **Mean Difference \(\pm\) SD** & **Cronbach’s Alpha** & **ICC** & \(p\)**-Value** \\ \hline \hline \multicolumn{1}{c}{\(\mathrm{T}\)\(\mathrm{\times}\)—varus/valgus} & & & & \\ torque & & & & \\ max (Nm) & 0.1 \(\pm\) 0.1 & 0.962 & 0.951 & 0.132 \\ min (Nm) & 0.3 \(\pm\) 0.2 & 0.975 & 0.970 & 0.174 \\ max (deg) & 25.0 \(\pm\) 19.6 & 0.714 & 0.740 & 0.629 \\ min (deg) & 4.9 \(\pm\) 4.1 & 0.966 & 0.934 & 0.073 \\ \multicolumn{1}{c}{\(\mathrm{Ty}\)—flexion/extension} & & & & \\ torque & & & & \\ max (Nm) & 0.8 \(\pm\) 0.3 & 0.979 & 0.981 & 0.535 \\ min (Nm) & 1.3 \(\pm\) 0.9 & 0.959 & 0.955 & 0.238 \\ max (deg) & 37.0 \(\pm\) 32.9 & 0.850 & 0.875 & 0.811 \\ \multicolumn{1}{c}{\(\mathrm{T}\)\(\mathrm{\times}\)—in (deg)} & 6.6 \(\pm\) 13.0 & 0.953 & 0.957 & 0.501 \\ \multicolumn{1}{c}{\(\mathrm{T}\)\(\mathrm{\times}\)—internal/external} & & & & \\ rotation torque & & & & \\ max (Nm) & 0.23 \(\pm\) 0.2 & 0.927 & 0.934 & 0.633 \\ min (Nm) & 0.3 \(\pm\) 0.2 & 0.861 & 0.881 & 0.945 \\ \multicolumn{1}{c}{\(\mathrm{max}\) (deg)} & 7.7 \(\pm\) 8.2 & 0.829 & 0.759 & 0.095 \\ \multicolumn{1}{c}{\(\mathrm{min}\) (deg)} & 10.7 \(\pm\) 9.7 & 0.878 & 0.893 & 0.866 \\ \multicolumn{1}{c}{\(\mathrm{F}\)\(\mathrm{\times}\)—interior/posterior} & & & & \\ force & & & & \\ max (N) & 18.1 \(\pm\) 12.2 & 0.966 & 0.950 & 0.079 \\ min (N) & 8.3 \(\pm\) 8.7 & 0.982 & 0.978 & 0.161 \\ \multicolumn{1}{c}{\(\mathrm{max}\) (deg)} & 10.4 \(\pm\) 13.8 & 0.941 & 0.827 & 0.012 \\ \multicolumn{1}{c}{\(\mathrm{min}\) (deg)} & 2.3 \(\pm\) 2.2 & 0.980 & 0.978 & 0.245 \\ \multicolumn{1}{c}{\(\mathrm{F}\)\(\mathrm{\times}\)—medial/lateral} & & & & \\ force & & & & \\ max (N) & 4.1 \(\pm\) 1.9 & \(-\)1.139 & \(-\)1.628 & 0.903 \\ min (N) & 3.2 \(\pm\) 2.3 & 0.962 & 0.957 & 0.202 \\ max (deg) & 22.4 \(\pm\) 17.5 & 0.753 & 0.781 & 0.740 \\ \multicolumn{1}{c}{\(\mathrm{min}\) (deg)} & 5.4 \(\pm\) 2.9 & 0.932 & 0.941 & 0.912 \\ \multicolumn{1}{c}{\(\mathrm{F}\)\(\mathrm{\times}\)—axial force} & & & & \\ max (N) & 9 \(\pm\) 4.1 & 0.987 & 0.929 & 0.001 \\ min (N) & 15.9 \(\pm\) 7.2 & 0.994 & 0.965 & 0.001 \\ max (deg) & 11.1 \(\pm\) 11.7 & 0.914 & 0.913 & 0.346 \\ min (deg) & 7.9 \(\pm\) 7.1 & 0.949 & 0.920 & 0.061 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 2: Reliability results for knee forces and torques. peak approximately at the crank angle of 45 and 180\({}^{\circ}\), respectively. The dashed line (Figure 4A) shows transverse pedal force which reaches its minimums approximately at the crank angle of 100\({}^{\circ}\), while the maximum is at 270\({}^{\circ}\). The dotted line (Figure 4A) shows normal pedal force, which reaches its minimum at the crank angle of 110\({}^{\circ}\), while the maximum is at 350\({}^{\circ}\). The solid line (Figure 4B) shows pedal inversion/eversion torque, which is almost constant during all crank cycles with a small positive (eversion) peak at the crank angle of 100\({}^{\circ}\) and negative (inversion) peak at 280\({}^{\circ}\). The dashed line (Figure 4B) shows an internal rotation torque which reached its peak at crank angle of 110\({}^{\circ}\), while the external rotation torque reached its peak at 360\({}^{\circ}\). Figure 5 illustrates average knee forces (A) and torques (B) of all seven participants. The solid line (Figure 5A) shows knee posterior force with its peaks approximately at the crank angle of 45\({}^{\circ}\), while peak anterior force was at 110\({}^{\circ}\). The dashed line (Figure 5B) shows medial/lateral knee force which reached its minimums approximately at a crank angle of 100\({}^{\circ}\), while the maximum was at 270\({}^{\circ}\). The dotted line (Figure 5B) shows axial  
Figure 4: Pedal forces (**A**) and torques (**B**). Positive pedal torque values represent version and internal rotation torques, while negative values represent inversion and external rotation torques.