# Design and Implementation of LoRa Based IoT Scheme for Indonesian Rural Area
## 4 Result and Discussion
### Reassessment of the Package Transfer  
The reassessment of the data transfer was conducted three times, and the goal was to measure the real delay of the LoRa communication implemented in our proposed work. A  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c} \hline \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**Range (M)**} & \multicolumn{6}{c}{**Time (ms)**} \\ \cline{2-7}  & **Node 1/7** & **Node 2/7** & **Node 1/9** & **Node 2/9** & **Node 1/12** & **Node 2/12** \\ \hline
100 & 150.9788054 & 151.3590426 & 248.4338139 & 251.7093023 & 1321 & 1320.982456 \\
200 & 162.0192308 & 156.5565111 & 245.9020101 & 252.4900181 & 1321 & 1321 \\
300 & 266.8132678 & 207.2474747 & 301.3913934 & 280.0722101 & 1344.175439 & 1370.803189 \\
400 & 238.8282828 & 222.8467153 & 273.9149338 & 350.150838 & 1321 & 1424.627451 \\
500 & 0 & 0 & 390.5179856 & 332.6085714 & 1320.984848 & 1321 \\
600 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 2917.208333 & 1445.622642 \\
700 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 1346.423077 & 1321 \\
800 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 1830.319149 & 1579.456522 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}
Table 3: Assessment of several spreading factor parameters.  
Figure 9: Comparison of delay graph from changing parameters of spreading factor.  
careful experiment was conducted by ensuring the area was clear enough from animals passing by our devices. To make the circuit connection more robust, we also carefully shielded the wiring connection. Therefore, the experience of shaking the device could be minimized as well. In addition, the data presented in this section is the average value of all experiments (three times). As depicted in Table 4 and Figure 10, the data clearly presents that the anomaly shown in Table 1 was not occurring. The data taken from a clear environment was consistent without experiencing an anomaly.  
The reassessment of the data transfer in a possibly clear environment was also performed to investigate the several spreading factors used in the proposed work. Using a shielded connection and a relatively clear environment, the error presented in Table 3 could be avoided, as shown in Table 5 and depicted in Figure 11. Therefore, as we face the real effect from animals or even nature, a careful design is needed to ensure the robustness of the scheme and to minimize errors.  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c} \hline \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**Range (m)**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Time (ms)**} \\ \cline{2-3}  & **Node 1** & **Node 2** \\ \hline
100 & 145.8934 & 152.4674 \\
200 & 173.6295 & 179.138 \\
300 & 260.4892 & 250.1508 \\
400 & 341.2726 & 329.2309 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}
Table 4: The average value from reassessment of default parameters.  
Figure 10: Reassessment of default parameters.  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c} \hline \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**Range (M)**} & \multicolumn{5}{c}{**Time (ms)**} \\ \cline{2-7}  & **Node 1/7** & **Node 2/7** & **Node 1/9** & **Node 2/9** & **Node 1/12** & **Node 2/12** \\ \hline
100 & 150.978805 & 151.359042 & 248.433813 & 251.709302 & 1321 & 1321 \\
200 & 162.019231 & 156.556511 & 254.902010 & 252.490018 & 1321 & 1321 \\
300 & 266.813268 & 207.247475 & 301.391393 & 280.072210 & 1321 & 1321 \\
400 & 305.465116 & 252.846715 & 363.876872 & 391.516129 & 1321 & 1322 \\
500 & 0 & 0 & 390.517985 & 449.640425 & 1320 & 1321 \\
600 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 1321 & 1321 \\
700 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 1321.000807 & 1440.981308 \\
800 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 1827.963158 & 1837.191083 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}
Table 5: The average value from the reassessment of several spreading factor parameters.