## 4 Discussion  
The current study aimed to determine the chemical composition and identify the bioactive activities of two cultivars of TAL to identify potential pharmaceutical and nutraceutical uses. As a result of the HPLC analysis, we also detected compounds in the samples that have been previously studied in other cultivars of wheatgrass [11; 12; 13; 14; 15]. Saponarin (**2**), a C-glycosidic flavonoid from _Passiflora incarnata_, is known to lower blood pressure, reduce inflammation, and support cardiac health [22; 38]. Isoorientin (**5**), from _Passiflora edulis_ leaves, exhibits anti-inflammatory, antinociceptive, antioxidant, antidepressant, and anti-cancer properties, and helps increase bone mineral density in rats [39; 40; 41; 42; 43]. Schafroside (**4**) aids wound healing, has strong antioxidant activity, and regulates melanin production [44; 45; 46]. Isovirein (**8**) is effective in inhibiting \(\alpha\)-glucosidase [47].  
BW has shown higher DPPH radical-scavenging activity compared to SW, but the two samples were not statistically different regarding the ability to scaveng ABTS-+. Also, contrary to expectations that higher total polyphenol contents would also influence the bioactive functions of the two samples, the results of DPPH radical-scavenging activity exhibited an opposite trend. The correlation between various phytochemicals and their antioxidant activities in the wheatgrass samples can be explained by the synergistic and antagonistic effects of antioxidant compounds [48; 49]. According to the results of the ferric-reducing antioxidant power assay for compounds, including caffe acid and quercetin, some combinations produced the most synergistic effects; in contrast, the combination of rutin, rosmarinic acid, and caffe acid produced antagonistic results (\(-\)21.8%) [50]. Moreover, [PERSON] et al. [51] proposed that acetoside found in the flowers of _Osmanthus fragrans_ and gallic acid in green tea produced meaningful synergistic effects, which exceeded the sum of their individual activities [52]. The current study has uncovered the chemical information and biological functions of two less-studied cultivars of wheatgrass. It is expected that this research could be a starting point about future potential to industries,  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c} \hline \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**Compound**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**SW**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**BW**} \\ \cline{2-5}  & **mg/g Extract** & **mg/g DW** & **mg/g Extract** & **mg/g DW** \\ \hline
**2** & tr & tr & tr & tr \\
**4** & 4.23 \(\pm\) 0.05 a & 1.10 \(\pm\) 0.01 a & 3.91 \(\pm\) 0.03 b & 0.98 \(\pm\) 0.01 b \\
**5** & 3.02 \(\pm\) 0.02 a & 0.78 \(\pm\) 0.01 a & 2.53 \(\pm\) 0.02 b & 0.63 \(\pm\) 0.01 b \\
**8** & tr & tr & tr & tr \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}
Table 4: The contents of saponarin (**2**), schafroside (**4**), isorientin (**5**), and isovitexin (**8**) in the sprouts of SW and BW.  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c} \hline \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**Sample**} & **ABTS-+ Radical-Scavenging Activity** & **DPPH Radical-Scavenging Activity** \\  & **(IC\({}_{50}\), mg/mL)** & **(IC\({}_{50}\), mg/mL)** \\ \hline SW & 3.36 \(\pm\) 0.09 a & 16.12 \(\pm\) 0.40 a \\ BW & 3.19 \(\pm\) 0.33 a & 14.14 \(\pm\) 0.51 b \\ AA & 0.12 \(\pm\) 0.00 b & 0.12 \(\pm\) 0.00 c \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}
Table 5: The radical-scavenging activity of the sprouts of SW and BW.  
such as pharmaceutical aspects. However, further studies about several aspects are required. For instance, to understand the correlation between the bioactive compounds found in TAL, and its antioxidant activities, further research regarding the synergistic and antagonistic effects of its compounds is needed. Also, to fill diverse information in the gap about these cultivars, studies regarding additional bioactive functions of these cultivars are also needed.