# Smart Internet of Things Power Meter for Industrial and Domestic Applications
## 2 Related Work  
Identifying disturbances is generally achieved using dedicated industrial equipment called power quality analyzers. Typically, these are installed at the grid connection points of energy producers, whether they are fossil fuel-based, nuclear or renewable energy power plants, as well as large industrial consumer locations. Given their specialized nature and complexity, the cost of acquisition for these devices is significant, which has prevented their widespread installation among small consumers. Recently, there has been a growing interest in developing small and inexpensive devices capable of measuring both standard electrical parameters and power quality parameters, which can be installed in the locations of ordinary consumers. [PERSON] et al. (2016) proposed a smart energy meter capable of measuring the electrical network parameters and calculating the energy consumption and total harmonic distortion using Fast Fourier Transforms (FFTs). The current and voltage values are measured using dedicated sensors, processed using an Microchip ATmega328 Pmicrocontroller, and then transmitted to the ThingSpeak cloud platform. The resulting values are compared to a set of commercial meters, such as Fluke 317, Fluke 434, and Mecho 5760. [PERSON] et al. [17] proposed an IoT-based smart meter designed for households, which enables local and online monitoring of the electrical parameters. An Espressif Systems ESP32 microcontroller was used for processing the data supplied by the Peacefair PZEM-004T energy monitor module and then to transmit the information to a database using the Wi-Fi interface. The device includes a load-clipping algorithm. A set of relays were used to cut off the power line and alarm the user if the peak-hour maximum power limit (remotely imposed by the grid operator) is exceeded. To enhance the efficiency of energy consumption analysis in buildings, it is necessary to monitor the individual consumption of various consumers rather than solely monitoring the consumption of the entire network. [PERSON] et al. [18] proposed a low-cost IoT sensor designed to measure the power quality at the input of electrical appliances. This device is based on an Analog Devices ADE7758 energy metering module connected to an Microchip ATmega328 microcontroller used for signal processing. The measurement data are sent to a cloud IoT platform (ThingSpeak) using an Espressif Systems ESP8266 microcontroller. The device was tested using specialized laboratory equipment, such as a programmable AC source and a programmable electronic load. Industrial smart meters often prove to be too expensive for residential users, and for this reason, their installation is often overlooked during the design of a home's electrical system. [PERSON] et al. [19] developed an inexpensive, open-source power meter, the openZmeter, capable of power quality and energy measurement. This device uses a precision voltage divider and Hall effect sensors to measure the grid voltage and current. The signals are sampled using an STMicroelectronics STM32 microcontroller and then sent to be processed to an ARM Linux board controller. A backup battery is included to power the device in under-voltage conditions. The Wi-Fi interface of the ARM controller allows a client to retrieve the measured data from the device's web server. Several tests were conducted, including comparative measurements with an existing commercial solution (Circutor MYeBOX-1500) to demonstrate the accuracy of the proposed smart meter. Smart power meters have also proven useful in microgrid systems, enabling efficient network management by monitoring production capacity and consumption requirements. [PERSON] et al. [20] conducted a study on monitoring various electrical parameters such as voltage, current, frequency, power, and total harmonic distortions in microgrid networks. The authors integrated an openZmeter device in a microgrid network composed of a hybrid solar-wind system and a set of typical household appliances.