## 2 Results
### Cell Culture  
The effect on cell culture viability during the MTT assay in the biological activity assays is shown in Figure 2. In parallel, the evaluation of the number of viable cells (Figure 3) in the automated counter was also carried out to determine whether the effect observed in the MTT assay is related to cell growth inhibition or the cytotoxicity of the tested extracts. The tested extracts differ in their impact on cell cultures. In the case of normal cells and human fibroblasts (Figure 2a), an increase of 33% in the number of fibroblasts was observed when an extract from aerial parts was used at a concentration of 250 \(\mathrm{\SIUnitSymbolMicro g}\)/mL. A greater increase in cell number is also seen at concentrations of 100 and 500 \(\mathrm{\SIUnitSymbolMicro g}\)/mL. The increase in viability in the MTT test suggests a faster proliferation of fibroblasts and a possible pro-regenerative effect of the tested extract. No cell growth-promoting effect is seen for the other concentrations nor the root extract. The root extract has little inhibitory effect on cell vitality. For fibroblast cells, no impact on the number of viable cells can be seen in Figure 3.  
Figure 2: MTT test results. NHDF (**a**), THP1 (**b**), A549 (**c**) MCF-7 (**d**), HeLa (**e**) results after 24 h incubation with the tested plant extracts at 5 concentrations. Results are averages of 5 independent experiments \(\pm\) SEM. Results are presented as the ratio of the value obtained in the test to the control culture. Differences between results for tested plant extracts compared to control and between extracts (* \(p<0.05\)). The other cell lines tested were cancer cell lines. The monocytic line THP1 is used as a model for the effect of compounds on cells involved in inflammation. We observed a decrease in cell viability in the MTT assay for this line. A greater effect was observed with the root extract. It already exerted an inhibitory influence on cells from the lowest concentration tested, and this effect was dependent on the concentration of the extract. In the case of the extract from aerial parts, the inhibitory effect was weaker and visible only at a concentration of 100 \(\upmu\)g/mL. An impact on the number of living cells was found for the extract from above-ground parts (15% compared to the control). For the other lung, breast and cervical cancer lines tested, the activity of both extracts was similar, and both showed an inhibitory effect on cancer cells. For the MCF7 line, the extract from the aerial parts shows less impact on vitality, especially at the highest concentration tested. The activity of both extracts is concentration-dependent. The reduction in vitality ranged, depending on the line, from 43% (A549) to 59% (MCF7) (Figure 2). A decrease in the number of viable cells was also observed for the three cell lines (Figure 3). This was clearly evident after incubation with extracts isolated from the aerial parts of the plant. In the case of the root extract, no such effect was observed. The results indicate that the observed effect in the MTT assay is due to a reduction in cell growth. Compared to the control, the decrease in cell viability is small, ranging from 9.4 (HeLa) to 11.9 (MCF7). The effect of the tested extracts on the level of oxygen radicals ROS in fibroblast cultures was also evaluated during the cell model studies (Figure 4). First, tests were performed on cells incubated with the tested extracts. Then, tests were performed on cells not subjected to oxidative stress and incubated with 100 \(\upmu\)M H\({}_{2}\)O\({}_{2}\) solution. In both cases, the effect of the tested extracts was observed, consisting of a reduction of ROS in the cells. The observed effect was concentration-dependent and occurred in cultures not subjected to oxidative stress and incubated with H\({}_{2}\)O\({}_{2}\). In both variants, a greater impact was found for the root extracts.