## 8 Conclusions  
Here, we presented a study of the CC and IoT-based BD, aiming to tackle their current challenges in terms of security and management. Specifically, we combined them to determine their related characteristics and the benefits of their integration. Subsequently, we presented the contribution of Big Data to CC, aiming to fill the existing scientific gap in this field. Moreover, this work shows how CC improved the function of IoT-based BD. Finally, we investigated the security issues of CC and BD integration and proposed a novel security model for a more sustainable environment. The experimental results on the use of the encryption algorithms AES, RC5, RSA, and the proposed model, extending the advances of Cloud Computing and IoT-based Big Data, offer a highly novel and scalable efficient service platform to achieve more privacy and security services. By providing an overview of the current challenges in the use of IoT-based Big Data in Cloud Computing while also presenting a Digital Twin scenario with a novel security model and an algorithm for sustainable Cloud systems, we have provided a solid framework for real-life applications that constitute the top priorities for industry and authorities alike. For instance, the EU has declared its goal to provide readily available ocean knowledge to various stakeholders through an innovative Digital Twin tool (European Digital Twin of the Ocean; _[[https://research-and-innovation.cc.europa.eu/funding/funding-opportunities/funding-programmes-and-open-alls/horizon-europe/eu-missions-horizon-europe/restore-our-ocean-and-waters/european-digital-twin-coam-european-dto_en](https://research-and-innovation.cc.europa.eu/funding/funding-opportunities/funding-programmes-and-open-alls/horizon-europe/eu-missions-horizon-europe/restore-our-ocean-and-waters/european-digital-twin-coam-european-dto_en)]([https://research-and-innovation.cc.europa.eu/funding/funding-opportunities/funding-programmes-and-open-alls/horizon-europe/eu-missions-horizon-europe/restore-our-ocean-and-waters/european-digital-twin-coam-european-dto_en](https://research-and-innovation.cc.europa.eu/funding/funding-opportunities/funding-programmes-and-open-alls/horizon-europe/eu-missions-horizon-europe/restore-our-ocean-and-waters/european-digital-twin-coam-european-dto_en))(accessed on 27 December 2022)) to assist in the restoration of marine and coastal habitats, the sustainable blue economy, and the mitigation of climate change. Our work ensures that any digital representation of the past and present state of real-world entities and/or processes using real-time and historical data and creating models to simulate future scenarios will be based on enhanced security and a more streamlined data management protocol. Finally, the security problems of Cloud Computing and IoT-based Big Data integration were studied through the proposed algorithm model. In addition to this, our work shows \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c} \hline \hline \multicolumn{1}{c}{**Big Data and Cloud Computing**} & & & & & & \\ \multicolumn{1}{c}{**Integration Challenges**} & & & & & & \\ \hline [PERSON] et al. [30] & & & & \(\surd\) & \(\surd\) & \(\surd\) \\ \hline [PERSON] et al. [31] & \(\surd\) & \(\surd\) & & & & \\ \hline Proposed method & \(\surd\) & \(\surd\) & \(\surd\) & \(\surd\) & \(\surd\) & \(\surd\) \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 7: _Cont._how the three encryption algorithms analyzed here contribute to the integrated model of CC and IoT-based BD. Consequently, based on this, we can determine the scope of future research on the integration of CC and IoT-based BD. Due to their hasty development, the security and management challenges of data streamed and stored in a sustainable Cloud must be clarified or minimized to create an efficient integrated model. The security issues studied here could be an area for future research as a case study, with the intention of minimizing them. Validation, C.L.S., E.B. and K.E.P. ; Formal analysis, C.L.S. ; Resources, C.L.S. ; Writing--original draft, C.L.S.