## 1 Introduction
The maximum and minimum stresses as well as maximum displacement regions of the bridge were investigated. The stress measurements obtained were found to be lower than the strength of the material. [PERSON] and [PERSON] (2016) performed another investigation. This study's objective was to provide fundamental knowledge of the dynamic effects that are applied to masonry arch bridges using simple numerical models for the safe functioning of masonry arch bridges that are still in use in trains. The analysis of four bridges, which included both single and multiple spans, was conducted using a 3D FEM model in SAP2000. Based on the findings, there exists a multifaceted correlation between the velocity of the train and the dynamic impact, contingent upon the specific characteristics of the bridge's shape. The multi-span bridge exhibited more dynamic effects in comparison to the velocities of the trains. Using ANSYS software, [PERSON] et al. (2017) produced a FEM of the Irgand Bridge. A comprehensive investigation was conducted to examine the seismic behavior and failure-damage characteristics of the Irgand Bridge. To conduct a dynamic examination of the Irgand Bridge, an artificial seismic record was generated to simulate three distinct degrees of earthquake intensity (DD-1, DD-2, DD-3). No damage zones were seen as a consequence of the nonlinear dynamic analysis conducted for the DD-3 earthquake intensity level. The examination of damage zones was carried out as a consequence of carrying out a nonlinear dynamic analysis for the DD-2 DD-1 earthquake intensity level. It has been hypothesized that the use of nonlinear dynamic analysis will provide more precise outcomes when subjected to seismic phenomena such as DD-1 or DD-2. Another study was performed by [PERSON] and [PERSON] (2018). Using the finite element approach, this research was carried out to assess the strength of long-span stone bridges and stress regions of a historical bridge when subjected to earthquakes, floods, and vehicle traffic. Investigations were conducted on the potential earthquake impact on the area, as well as the behavior of the bridge when subjected to the effects of the 2011 Van earthquake. A great deal of attention was paid to the strains that will be imposed on the bridge as a result of hydrostatic and vehicular loads. The examination of the vehicle, the hydrostatic load, and the dead load revealed that the arch K9, which has the greatest arch span, had the greatest amount of deformation as a consequence. According to the findings of the earthquake study, the K10 arch, which is one of the arches on the bridge with the biggest arch span, saw the greatest amount of deformation as a consequence of the earthquake. The seismic activity of the Historical Karaz bridge was investigated by [PERSON] et al. (2019). In order to achieve the objective, a 3D FEM of the bridge was created and its response to seismic activity was examined using nonlinear analysis using various ground motion recordings. The ground motion data of Bingol, Elazg, Erzincan, Van, and Golcuk were used for analysis, and the findings were afterwards assessed in a collaborative manner. At the end of this study, it was worth noting that various discontinuities in bridge components may be shown by a variety of modeling methodologies, which might lead to a variety of damage or collapse processes. Destructive cyclic experiments on masonry arches reinforced with a Fiber Reinforced Cementitious Matrix strengthening system applied to the arch intrados were reported by [PERSON] et al. [20]. This paper details damaging tests conducted on masonry arch specimens with dimensions of about 3 m in span, 1.32 m in rise, and 0.25 m in thickness. The experimental study allowed the evaluation of the enhancement in arch resistance via the implementation of the Fiber Reinforced Cementitious Matrix strengthening system. It also enabled the simulation of load-displacement curves and the analysis of the collapse process for both the specimens that were not reinforced and those that were reinforced.