# Comparing the Diagnostic Accuracy of CBCT
## 3 Results
### Test Results  
GS values (Index test) were recorded using CBCT at different regions of jaws without any adverse effects. The results indicated that patients with osteoporosis were significantly older than in the normal group (\(P=0.029\)). Moreover, the results indicated a significant association between gender and osteoporosis, with more females being affected with the condition (\(P=0.007\)) (Table 1). Table 2 demonstrates means, standard deviations, as well as the maximum and minimum values of T value of DXA analysis and GS values at different jaw regions for osteoporosis group and controls. In both groups; GS values were highest at anterior mandible and lowest at posterior maxilla. However, the controls scored higher T value and GS values at different jaw regions than the osteoporosis group (Table 2). Osteoporosis was associated with GS values that ranged between 400 and 630 at the anterior mandible, 290 and 420 at the posterior mandible, 310 and 422 at the anterior maxilla, and 50 and 233 at the posterior maxilla. Age and gender were correlated to T value and GS values at different jaw regions. Among participants within each group, no significant relationships were found between age and each of T value and GS values at different jaw regions, except that younger age was associated with higher GS values at anterior mandible (R = \(-0.363\), \(P=0.018\)) within the osteoporosis group. Among controls, gender had no significant relationships with T value or GS values at different jaw regions. In contrast, females from the osteoporosis group demonstrated lower GS values at anterior mandible, posterior mandible, and anterior maxilla (R = \(-0.435\), \(-0.415\), and \(-0.442\); and \(P=0.004\), \(0.006\), and, \(0.005\) respectively) than males. However, males and females with osteoporosis were not significantly different regarding T value and GS at posterior maxilla (\(P>0.05\)). Table 3 shows the correlations between T value and GS values at different jaw regions for the osteoporosis group and controls. Higher T values were associated with higher GS values at all jaw regions (\(P<0.001\)). Table 4 presents the associations between T value and GS values at different jaw regions within each group. Figure 3: STARD Flow diagram. Within each group, higher T values were associated with higher GS values at all jaw regions (\(P<0.001\)). An analysis of variance of T value and GS values at different jaw regions revealed significant differences between groups (Table 5). Osteoporosis group participants were associated with significantly lower T value and GS values at different jaw regions (\(P<0.001\)). A stepwise regression analysis was carried out in an attempt to predict the presence of osteoporosis, using GS values at different jaw regions; this revealed that GS values at the posterior maxilla were able to predict the presence of osteoporosis (\(P<0.001\), R square = 0.849) (Table 6). On the other hand, attempts to predict T value using GS values at different jaw sites showed that GS values at the posterior maxilla and anterior mandible were able to predict T value (\(P<0.001\), R square = 0.924) (Table 7). \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c} \hline \hline  & \multirow{2}{*}{**Condition**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Gender**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**Total**} & \multirow{2}{*}{\(P\)**Value**} \\ \cline{3-3} \cline{5-6}  & & **Males** & & & \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**Normal**} & Count & 16 & 23 & 39 & \\ \cline{2-6}  & \% within Normal & 41.0\% & 59.0\% & 100.0\% & \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**Osteoporosis**} & Count & 6 & 36 & 42 & \\ \cline{2-6}  & \% within Osteoporosis & 14.3\% & 85.7\% & 100.0\% & \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**Total**} & Count & 22 & 59 & 81 & \\ \cline{2-6}  & \% within Description & 27.2\% & 72.8\% & 100.0\% & \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular} Note: \(\chi^{2}\)—Chi-square; CI—confidence interval; \({}^{**}\)\(P<0.01\).  
\end{table} 
Table 1: Comparative evaluation (\(\chi^{2}\): 95% CI) of gender among the study groups, illustrating a significant association of female gender with osteoporosis.