## 4 Results
### Bulk-Rock Geochemical Investigation of Fe-Ti-V Oxide and Sulphide Ores
The cobalt concentration ranged from 15 to 205 ppm. Samples with cobalt contents from 120 ppm to 180 (\(n\) = 23) were the most abundant. The average arithmetic content of Co was 122.3 ppm (\(n\) = 39). Cobalt showed a good correlation with V (\(r\) = 0.70), (Figure 16D), Fe\({}_{2}\)O\({}_{3}\)t, and Ni (\(r\) = 0.69; Figure 16F) and a weaker correlation with TiO\({}_{2}\), Ga (\(r\) = 0.6, Figure 16G), and Zn (\(r\) = 0.56; Figure 16H). The contents of Cu and Ni in bulk-rock samples ranged from 0.18% to 0.14%, respectively. Copper was present in elevated concentrations, ranging from 38 to 1756 ppm. The Cu concentration was \(<\)400 ppm in most of the samples (\(n\) = 30), and only nine samples had contents \(>\)400 ppm. The arithmetic mean was 329 ppm (\(n\) = 39). Copper showed a strong positive correlation with Au (\(r\) = 0.85) and a very weak correlation with Ag, Ni, and Co (\(r\) = 0.65-0.50). Nickel concentrations above 0.06%, which were found in 25% of the population, can also be taken into account. Nickel contents ranged from 16 to 1370 ppm, and the arithmetic mean = 436.4 ppm (Table 7). Nickel showed a strong correlation with Ga (\(r\) = 0.82) and Fe\({}_{2}\)O\({}_{3}\) and a weaker correlation with Co, TiO\({}_{2}\), Zn, and Cu. Zinc contents ranged from 62 to 701 ppm, with an arithmetic mean of 453 ppm. Zinc showed a positive correlation with a few elements (Table 6). The occurrence of ore mineralization was also associated with an increase in the concentration of chromium, up to 0.57%. In 25% of the sample population, the Cr content ranged from \(>\)0.1% to 0.571%. The arithmetic mean for Cr was 678.2 ppm. Chromium showed no correlation with other metals (Table 8). Elements defined as critical (e.g., Co, Ga, Ge, and In) were associated mainly with sulphide mineralization. Gallium contents ranged from 21 to 84 ppm. Most samples had Ga contents in the range of 30 to 60 ppm (\(n\) = 26). The arithmetic mean for Ga was 44.3 ppm (\(n\) = 39) and it showed a strong correlation with Fe\({}_{2}\)O\({}_{3}\)t (\(r\) = 0.87), Ni (\(r\) = 0.82, Figure 16I), Zn (\(r\) = 0.80), and TiO\({}_{2}\) (\(r\) = 0.75), and a weaker one with Co and Cd (\(r\) = 0.57). Indium concentrations ranged from 0.03 to 0.30 ppm. Most of the samples showed contents from  
Figure 16: Bivariate diagrams of trace elements with trend lines in magnetite-ilmenite ores from the Krzemianka and Udryn Fe-Ti-V deposits on the Suwalki Anorthosite Massif in NE Poland. (**A**) TiO\({}_{2}\) vs. Fe\({}_{2}\)O\({}_{3}\)t; (**B**) V vs. Fe\({}_{2}\)O\({}_{3}\)t; (**C**) Co vs. Fe\({}_{2}\)O\({}_{3}\)t; (**D**) Co vs. V; (**E**) V vs. TiO\({}_{2}\); (**F**) Co vs. Ni; (**G**) Co vs. Ga; (**H**) Co vs. Zn; (**I**) Ga vs. Ni. Note: the line of best fit is shown as the red line. 0.1 to 0.15 ppm of In. The arithmetic mean was 0.13 ppm (\(n=39\)). Indium showed a very strong correlation with Ge and MnO (\(r=0.92\)). Germanium was present in the range of \(<\)0.1-0.5 ppm. About 50% of the sample population was between 0.2 and 0.3 ppm (\(n=20\)). The arithmetic mean for Ge was 0.29 ppm (\(n=39\)). Germanium showed a very strong correlation with In (\(r=0.92\)), and a strong correlation with Nb (\(r=0.84\)) and Ta (\(r=0.83\)). Antimony and tellurium concentrations were mostly below detection levels (e.g., 0.5 ppm). Gold concentrations ranged from \(<\)1 ppb to 37 ppb. Platinum was present in very low concentrations; only 30% of the sample population showed Pt contents in the range of 10-22 ppb. Likewise, trace concentrations were also present for Pd (\(>\)5 ppb), Ag (\(<\)0.3 to 2.5 ppm), Nb (5-32 ppm), and Hf (0.38 to 2.09 ppm). Scandium contents ranged from 11 to 75 ppm. The arithmetic mean for scandium was 24.3 ppm. Among the REEs, the highest arithmetic mean was found for cerium, at only 34 ppm, with a range from 1.3 to 285 ppm. The sum of the light REEs (La to Gd) ranged from 12.0 to 697.8 ppm, and the arithmetic mean was 97 ppm.