## 3 Results
### CNS Vital Signs  
There was an improvement in the NCI standard score (Figure 2a) and percentile score (Figure 2b) from screening at Day 30, 60, and 90 (all \(p\leq 0.001\)). This corresponded to a significant increase in the percentile score, by 10.0%, 11.6% and 13.6% at Day 30, 60, and 90 from screening, respectively.  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c} \hline \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**Characteristic**} & **Value** \\  & **Mean \(\pm\) SD** \\  & **Median (Min to Max)** \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{Age (years)} & 64.5 \(\pm\) 12.8 \\  & 61.0 (45.0 to 97.0) \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{Mean Weight (kg)} & 76.6 \(\pm\) 15.9 \\  & 72.8 (51.3 to 123.7) \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{BMI (kg/m\({}^{2}\))} & 26.1 \(\pm\) 3.7 \\  & 24.9 (19.7 to 33.1) \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{Systolic Blood Pressure (mmHg)} & 121.6 \(\pm\) 11.6 \\  & 125.0 (101.0 to 138.0) \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{Diastolic Blood Pressure (mmHg)} & 75.6 \(\pm\) 7.0 \\  & 76.0 (59.0 to 85.0) \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{Heart Rate (bpm)} & 68.1 \(\pm\) 7.9 \\  & 68.0 (51.0 to 81.0) \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{Gender (n, \%)} & Female; 25 (65.8\%) \\ \cline{2-2}  & Male; 13 (34.2\%) \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{Ethnicity (n, \%)} & Eastern European White; 1 (2.6\%) \\ \cline{2-2}  & Hispanic or Latino; 2 (5.3\%) \\ \cline{2-2}  & Western European White; 30 (78.9\%) \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{Other; 5 (13.2\%)} \\ \end{tabular}
\end{table}
Table 1: Participant demographic and anthropometric data.  
Figure 2: Standard (**a**) and percentile (**b**) scores for the CNS Vital Signs (VS) Neurocognitive Index (NCI). Each box is made up of the 25 th, 50 th, and 75 th quartile with the whiskers extending to the minimum and maximum value. Dots are individual data points, and the cross is the mean. Above average, average, and low average classification from CNS-VS Interpretation Guide [44]. NCI score CNS-VS panel was assessed using a repeated measures mixed effects model with visit number as the fixed effect and participant as the random effect. * Significantly different from screening (\(p<0.05\)).  
Of the individual cognitive domains examined in the CNS-VS (Figure 3), psychomotor speed, processing speed, motor speed, reaction time, working memory, complex attention, sustained attention, cognitive flexibility, and executive function standard scores improved from screening to Day 90 (all \(p\leq\) 0.028). At Day 30, psychomotor speed, processing speed, reaction time, cognitive flexibility, and executive function all significantly improved from screening (all \(p\leq\) 0.012). At Day 60, all the domains from Day 30, plus verbal memory and working memory, were greater than at screening (all \(p\leq\) 0.040).  
Figure 3: The change (\(\Delta\)) in the CNS Vital Signs (VS) individual domains standard score from screening to Day 30, 60, and 90. Individual domains of psychomotor-, processing-, and motor-speed, and reaction time (**a**); composite-, verbal-, visual-, and working-memory (**b**), and executive function, cognitive flexibility, complex-, simple-, and sustained-attention (**c**) Data are mean \(\pm\) standard error of the mean. CNS-VS domains were assessed using a repeated measures mixed effects model with visit number as the fixed effect and participant as the random effect. * Significantly different from screening (\(p<\) 0.05).