# Legal, Economic and Cyber Security Framework Considerations for Drone Usage
## 5 Results
### Proper Patching of Software  
Once vulnerabilities are identified and their criticality categorized, there are additional steps to be taken in terms of mitigating risks in terms of vulnerabilities, such as the proper installation of such patches. The questionnaire addresses this topic from two angles: the liability angle and the effective preventive measures angle. The following question addressed this topic \"Who is liable in case a software update is available for the drone software and the drone user did not install this update?\" (Multiple choice question). The possible answer options can be found in the legend of the figure below. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{l c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Response/Scale** & **1** & **2** & **3** & **4** & **5** & **Average Score** \\ \hline Cyber security auditing before the drone is placed on the market & 7 & 9 & 31 & 41 & 165 & 4.38 \\ \hline Periodic cyber security auditing to be performed by the user in order to be allowed to fly the drone & 34 & 26 & 52 & 45 & 96 & 3.57 \\ \hline Failsafe mechanisms in case the drone is taken over by hackers in order to safely land the drone and alert the user & 14 & 9 & 30 & 48 & 152 & 4.25 \\ \hline Cyber security software to be included in the drone to prevent intrusions and respond to them & 6 & 8 & 25 & 37 & 177 & 4.47 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 2: Preventive measure for outset vulnerabilities. The results of the survey, from Figure 5, show us that 45% of the respondents consider that the drone user is the one who has the obligation to install an available update. Otherwise, you will be liable for damages caused by not installing that improvement. Meanwhile, 36% of respondents believe that the software manufacturers are also responsible and should impose the need to download the update. Regarding update patches, the respondents are divided between the role of the software producer to make updating mandatory before flying (36%) and the users (45%). This type of preventive measure is outlined in Section 5, with emphasis on the mandatory updating of critical updates. H6 is validated, as 55% of respondents consider the drone software liable for software updates (with 36% for not indicating the criticality of the update and 19% for not making the update mandatory before drone usage). By comparison, 45% of respondents view drone users as liable for not performing the update. The following question addressed this topic: \"Which of the following are preventive measures for ensuring software updates are properly and timely installed on drone software? (1 to 5 scale, 1 representing total disagreement and 5 total agreement). Answer options: The drone should not fly without the latest updates installed (either automatically or manually), The drone should automatically install the updates when it is on the ground within the timeline provided by the drone software producer, The drone should fly irrespective if the new updates are installed or not, The drone software producer should highlight to the user the criticality of the update and the user should decide when to install it\". From Table 3, we can see that, depending on the average score, most respondents believe that drones should automatically install updates when they are on the ground within the range mentioned by the software manufacturer. Again, in this situation, the software manufacturers must anticipate possible asynchronization or incorrect installations and initiate an automatic verification of them while the drone is not yet launched. Figure 5: Liability in the case of not installing an available software update. Source: Author’s processing. H5 is invalidated as the respondents view it as important to update drone software only when the drone is on the ground, with a score of 4.20, but the score for not flying without this update is only 4.07. Thus, the lack of flying is not viewed as important by the respondents by reference to the potential risks in flying an un-updated drone software.