## 3 Results  
SEM images allow detailed observation of how the endodontic sealant interacts with dentin (Figures 1 and 2). The images in Figure 1 appear to have a surface with larger particles, indicating a more porous texture. The images in Figure 2 show a finer and more detailed structure, at a higher magnification. In order to analyze the results obtained from the SEM examination, the chemical compositions of the samples were determined in the dentin along the interface between the dentin and the filling material, as well as in the surrounding dentin. The weight (weight %) and atomic (atomic %) percentages of carbon, oxygen, phosphorus, magnesium, calcium, and silicon were measured for this specific objective. Figure 3 is an SEM image (upper incisor) that shows the dentin-bioceramic sealer contact in more detail. Two important areas are highlighted: selected area 1 at the level of the intermediate dentin and selective area 2 at the level of the dentin-bioceramic sealer interface. Table 1 and Figure 4 provide information about the chemical makeup of a sample from an upper incisor. This sample is likely associated with the SEM pictures of the interface between dentin and a bioceramic sealer in Area 2. The dataset reveals a high oxygen, phosphorus, and calcium concentration, suggesting a significant abundance of phosphate molecules, specifically hydroxyapatite. This composition exemplifies the characteristics commonly seen in bioceramic materials utilized in dental applications. Its purpose is to adhere to dentin and effectively facilitate biological integration. A relatively low carbon  
Figure 1: SEM images of sealer contact with root dentine, displaying a mineral infiltration zone at the dentin-bioceramic sealer interface in addition to sealer tags at magnification (**A**) 10,000\(\times\), (**B**) 20,000\(\times\), (DSI, dentin–sealer interface; ID, intermediate dentin; S, sealer). Figure 2: SEM images of the interface of Ah plus® Bioceramic sealer and root dentine at magnification (**A**) 10,000\(\times\) and (**B**) 25,000\(\times\) (DSI, dentin–sealer interface; ID, intermediate dentin; S, sealer). content indicates that the sample preparation was performed effectively, with minimal organic contamination. Sodium and magnesium are present in moderate quantities, potentially added to augment particular characteristics of the substance, such as its mechanical robustness and bioactivity. Minor quantities of silicon are present, potentially influencing the overall characteristics of the bioceramic material. Table 2 and Figure 5 describe the elemental composition of an upper incisor sample, likely related to the SEM images of the intermediary dentin (Area 1), in the apical region. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c} \hline
**Element** & **Weight \%** & **Atomic \%** & **Net Int.** & **Error \%** & **Kratio** \\ \hline C K & 5.46 & 9.59 & 0.34 & 36.45 & 0.01 \\ O K & 43.96 & 57.93 & 4.55 & 12.14 & 0.06 \\ NaK & 4.89 & 4.49 & 1.35 & 15.33 & 0.01 \\ MgK & 3.37 & 2.92 & 1.82 & 13.72 & 0.01 \\ SikK & 1.02 & 0.77 & 1.12 & 19.95 & 0.01 \\ P K & 16.62 & 11.32 & 19.69 & 5.93 & 0.10 \\ CaK & 24.68 & 12.98 & 28.09 & 3.27 & 0.21 \\ \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 1: Chemical analysis of an upper incisor for Selected Area 2, at the apical level. Figure 4: Chemical analysis of an upper incisor for Selected Area 2, at the apical level. Figure 3: A scanning electron microscope (SEM) image at the dentin interface with the filling material in a section of an upper incisor, showing two selected areas for analysis: Area 1 at the level of the intermediate dentin and Area 2 at the level of the dentin–bioceramic sealer interface, at the apical region, using a 2500\(\times\) magnification and an accelerating voltage of 20 kV. The notable occurrence of carbon (C--23.04% weight, 35.23% atomic) may be attributed to organic components present in the dentin.