## 3 Results and Discussion  
### SSR Analysis  
From the genetic analysis, the four wild accessions were separated; the cultivars are recognized to be the same in Tettnang and Corsica and the genetic profile of the analyzed hops are reported in Table 3. The dissimilarity in the studied samples were highlighted and analyzed in the dendrogram resulted by the Cluster analysis (UPGMA) at Euclidean distance (Figure 1). The relationship between all the accessions is shown with a dissimilarity index from 0 to 76. The examined population is divided in two main clusters (76% of dissimilarity); the first cluster is composed of the accessions Patrimonio, Ajaccio, Cascade and Smaragd; the other two Corsican accessions, Corte and Oletta, fall in the second cluster with the cultivar Tettnanger (Figure 1). Corte accession is separated from those of Patrimonio and Ajaccio; this could be explained by their very different growing conditions (Table 1), such as distance from the coast (respectively away, very close, and very close), temperatures (respectively av: 18.6 \({}^{\circ}\)C, av: 21.2 \({}^{\circ}\)C, and av: 21.4 \({}^{\circ}\)C), salinity (respectively weak, high, and high), altitude (respectively 410 m, 10 m, and 5 m), winds (respectively weak from north to south, strong from south-east to north-west, and medium from west-south-west to east-north-east), and precipitations (respectively av: 38 mm/month, 30 mm/month, and 30 mm/month) (\"climate-data.org\" and \"meteoblue\" data). However, these peculiar growing conditions do not apply to Oletta. As no hop traceability data are available in Corsica, it is difficult to estimate when or how the plant was established on the island, nor if it was implanted from different cultivars. Currently, no origin or environmental condition has been found explaining the dissimilarity among the coastal hops' genotypes. Another possibility is the autochthonous origin of Corsican germplasm; no data, however, are available to support this hypothesis.  
Tettnanger cultivar resulted closer to Corte and Oletta wild Corsican accessions (Figure 1). This result indicates the affinity of wild hops with some European cultivar selected from landraces. Other authors confirm this sentence [25; 40]. [PERSON] and collaborators [25], in a population study on 123 hop genotypes, observed that Tettnanger and other European cultivars (Galena, East Kent Golding, Goldings, Challenger, H. Mittelfruh) were clustered together with Italian wild accessions. This sentence is also in accord with [PERSON] and coworkers [38]; the authors assert that Tettnanger cultivar, selected by German landrace, have a close relationship with the wild European ancestors [40]. Smaragd and Cascade cultivar resulted in a separated cluster together with Patrimonio and Ajaccio accessions (Figure 1). The genetic similarity to the Corsican accessions could be due to Smaragd and Cascade origins: Smaragd was developed from the Hallertau variety that belongs to the wild German hop population, but Cascade possesses a complex genetic structure [25] and it has among its ancestors, Fuggle, an English hop variety selected from wild [21; 40]. This similarity could also demonstrate the correlations between European ancestors and Corsican wild hops.