## 5 Conclusions  
This work has demonstrated the techno-economic viability of installing a biomass gasification CHP plant for the electrification of an off-grid olive oil mill in Morocco. The biomass gasification CHP plant has a total CHP efficiency of 35-40%, with an electrical  
Figure 13: Sensitivity analysis for variations of the percentage of subsidy on initial investment (**top**), biochar selling price (**center**) and electricity price (**bottom**). efficiency of 15-20%. The gasification CHP plant exhibits better performance parameters if fueled with olive cake pellets compared to olive pruning chips. The installation of a biomass gasification CHP plant in the olive oil industry can have a significant impact on its self-sufficiency, allowing for the transformation of the biomass waste generated during the olive oil production process into valuable by-products. This technology enables the conversion of biomass waste into a producer gas that can be used as an energy source for the olive oil extraction process, reducing the dependence of olive oil mills on external energy sources. Furthermore, potentially profitable by-products are generated during the gasification process, such as biochar, which can be used as a soil enhancer. This not only reduces the amount of waste generated by the mill but also adds economic value to these by-products, resulting in additional incomes. The profitability assessment of the gasification CHP plant for the baseline scenario shows that the plant can generate a 68.5% accumulated profit based on the capital investment with a 30% subsidy from the Moroccan government, with a payback period of 7-8 years for 2 months of continuous operation. The findings suggest that biomass gasification CHP plants can be an economically viable and sustainable solution for electrifying off-grid areas in Morocco and other regions with similar conditions. Conceptualization, D.V., S.O. and R.H.; methodology, D.S.-L., A.E. and R.A.; software, D.S.-L. and A.E. ; validation, R.A. and D.V. ; formal analysis, D.S.-L., A.E., R.A. and D.V. ; investigation, D.S.-L., A.E., R.A. and D.V. ; resources, A.E., S.O., R.H. and D.V. ; data curation, D.S.-L., A.E. and S.O. ; writing--original draft preparation, D.S.-L., A.E. and R.A.; writing--review and editing, D.S.-L., A.E. and R.A.; visualization, D.S.-L., A.E., R.A. and R.H.; supervision, R.A., R.H. and D.V. ; project administration, S.O., R.H. and D.V. ; funding acquisition, S.O., R.H. and D.V. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript. This research work was supported by the project entitled \"Renewables energies for Africa: Effective valorization of agri-food wastes (REFFECT AFRICA)\", funded by the European Commission under the Horizon 2020 European Framework Programme (Grant agreement ID: 101036900 ([[https://www.doi.org/10.3030/101036900](https://www.doi.org/10.3030/101036900)]([https://www.doi.org/10.3030/101036900](https://www.doi.org/10.3030/101036900)), accessed on 3 April 2023)). [PERSON] gratefully acknowledges financial support from Ministerio de Universidades under the FPU Program (Ref. FPU19/00930). Not applicable. Data available option. Data will be made available upon request. The Authors deeply appreciate the technical support and assistance of \"Dar Azzaytun\" olive mill members with special mention to [PERSON]. The authors declare no conflict of interest. The following abbreviations are used in this manuscript: