## 4 Test Experiments and Discussion of DMMAEO
### Impacts of Enhancement Mechanisms on EO
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c} \hline \multicolumn{1}{c}{**Function**} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{**EO**} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{**DMEO**} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{**GMEO**} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{**CMEO**} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{**DMMAEO**} \\ \hline \multirow{10}{*}{Unimodal} & TF1 & Ave. & \(4.297\times 10^{-41}\) & \(4.757\times 10^{-63}\) & \(0.000\times 10^{0}\) & \(3.995\times 10^{-148}\) & \(\mathbf{0.000\times 10^{0}}\) \\  & & Std. & \(7.488\times 10^{-41}\) & \(5.266\times 10^{-63}\) & \(0.000\times 10^{0}\) & \(1.727\times 10^{-147}\) & \(0.000\times 10^{0}\) \\  & TF2 & Ave. & \(1.494\times 10^{-23}\) & \(3.743\times 10^{-37}\) & \(1.719\times 10^{-232}\) & \(4.031\times 10^{-77}\) & \(\mathbf{2.614\times 10^{-308}}\) \\  & & Std. & \(2.772\times 10^{-23}\) & \(2.931\times 10^{-37}\) & \(0.000\times 10^{0}\) & \(1.185\times 10^{-76}\) & \(0.000\times 10^{0}\) \\  & TF3 & Ave. & \(9.458\times 10^{-9}\) & \(2.183\times 10^{-14}\) & \(0.000\times 10^{0}\) & \(7.093\times 10^{-133}\) & \(\mathbf{0.000\times 10^{0}}\) \\  & & Std. & \(3.193\times 10^{-8}\) & \(3.969\times 10^{-14}\) & \(0.000\times 10^{0}\) & \(3.859\times 10^{-132}\) & \(0.000\times 10^{0}\) \\  & TF4 & Ave. & \(3.885\times 10^{-10}\) & \(3.016\times 10^{-11}\) & \(3.448\times 10^{-227}\) & \(3.243\times 10^{-71}\) & \(\mathbf{2.164\times 10^{-304}}\) \\  & & Std. & \(5.952\times 10^{-10}\) & \(3.166\times 10^{-11}\) & \(0.000\times 10^{0}\) & \(1.520\times 10^{-70}\) & \(0.000\times 10^{0}\) \\  & TF5 & Ave. & \(2.544\times 10^{1}\) & \(2.505\times 10^{1}\) & \(2.513\times 10^{1}\) & \(2.536\times 10^{1}\) & \(\mathbf{2.469\times 10^{1}}\) \\  & & Std. & \(1.393\times 10^{-1}\) & \(1.028\times 10^{-1}\) & \(9.691\times 10^{-2}\) & \(1.551\times 10^{-1}\) & \(1.189\times 10^{-1}\) \\  & TF6 & Ave. & \(1.262\times 10^{-5}\) & \(4.302\times 10^{-6}\) & \(7.355\times 10^{-6}\) & \(7.908\times 10^{-6}\) & \(\mathbf{1.437\times 10^{-6}}\) \\  & & Std. & \(7.772\times 10^{-6}\) & \(1.554\times 10^{-6}\) & \(3.143\times 10^{-6}\) & \(3.089\times 10^{-6}\) & \(5.836\times 10^{-7}\) \\  & TF7 & Ave. & \(1.633\times 10^{-3}\) & \(9.423\times 10^{-4}\) & \(8.868\times 10^{-4}\) & \(9.406\times 10^{-4}\) & \(\mathbf{4.582\times 10^{-5}}\) \\  & & Std. & \(6.363\times 10^{-4}\) & \(3.459\times 10^{-4}\) & \(3.900\times 10^{-4}\) & \(3.063\times 10^{-4}\) & \(3.313\times 10^{-5}\) \\ \hline \end{tabular}  
* The best comparative results are presented in bold.  
\end{table} 
Table 1: Results for canonical EO and four EO variants across unimodal test functions. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c} \hline \multicolumn{1}{c}{**Function**} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{**EO**} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{**DMEO**} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{**GMEO**} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{**CMEO**} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{**DMMAEO**} \\ \hline \multirow{10}{*}{Multimodal} & TF8 & Ave. & \(-8.586\times 10^{3}\) & \(-8.753\times 10^{3}\) & \(-8.973\times 10^{3}\) & \(-9.032\times 10^{3}\) & \(\mathbf{-9.152\times 10^{3}}\) \\  & & Std. & \(3.178\times 10^{2}\) & \(3.509\times 10^{2}\) & \(4.903\times 10^{2}\) & \(3.744\times 10^{2}\) & \(7.372\times 10^{2}\) \\  & TF9 & Ave. & \(0.000\times 10^{0}\) & \(0.000\times 10^{0}\) & \(0.000\times 10^{0}\) & \(0.000\times 10^{0}\) & \(\mathbf{0.000\times 10^{0}}\) \\  & & Std. & \(0.000\times 10^{0}\) & \(0.