(2008) Bobacka, J.; Ivaska, A.; Lewenstam, A. Potentiometric Ion Sensors. _Chem. Rev._**2008**, _108_, 329-351. * _14.2. Lead Film Electrode for the Determination of Ultratrace Aluminum by Adsorptive Stripping Voltammetry_
* _J. Wasag_1_*_*_ and M. Grabarczyk_2_*_
* _Department of Materials Engineering, Institute of Engineering and Technical Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Health, The John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, 20-950 Lublin, Poland_
* _Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Chemistry, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, 20-031 Lublin, Poland_
* _Correspondence: joannawasag@kul.pl_  
Aluminum is one of the most abundant elements on earth (third after oxygen and silicon) and is present in the earth's crust at 7.5%. It does not exist in the free state. In its bound state, it is mostly in the form of aluminosilicates (aluminum salts of siliciic acid), which are the main mass of the earth's crust [1]. Pure aluminum is used in the manufacture of many consumer products, such as the production of electrical cables, in which it is successfully used instead of copper. It is also used for smelting hard-melting metals from their oxides, as well as for the production of chemical equipment or coating with a protective layer of other metals. In the powder form, it is used as as a protective paint, and for the production of explosives and organoaluminium materials. Aluminum is mainly used in the form of light alloys as an excellent construction material in all areas of industry [2]. In this way, aluminum can enter the environment, contaminating it, hence great emphasis is put on the monitoring of this element. Stripping voltammetry is a powerful technique for the determination of trace various metals ions. The adsorptive stripping voltammetry (AdSV) is preferred for the accumulation of the metal on the electrode surface. This is a highly sensitive method as it is based on adsorptive pre-concentration of a complex of the determined metals ions. In the literature data, AdSV procedures for the determination of trace aluminum concentration are described with the use of different working electrodes, but mainly toxic mercury electrodes. In this work, a procedure for the determination of aluminum was developed using lead film electrode (PbFE). These methods allowed us to ascertain a very low detection limit and an excellent linear dynamic range. The cupferron was used as a complexing agent and PbFE as a working electrode. The obtained detection limit was 3.3 \(\times\) 10\({}^{-11}\) mol L\({}^{-1}\) with accumulation time of 60 s. The linear calibration plot was obtained in the range from 1 \(\times\) 10\({}^{-10}\) mol L\({}^{-1}\) to 2 \(\times\) 10\({}^{-7}\) mol L\({}^{-1}\) and obey the equation y = 0.156x + 0.084, where y and x are the peak current (\(\mu\)A) and Al(III) concentration (nmol L\({}^{-1}\)), respectively. The analytical application of this work was to enable the determination of ultratrace Al(III) introduced into the environment as a result of corrosion of aluminum alloys. The solutions were tested after exposure to aluminum alloy AA2024 test panels. The influence of foreign ions on the measurements was also examined by selecting ions based on the composition of using aluminum alloy. It was dictated by the fact that they can accompany Al(III) being determined in the synthetic samples used in the measurements. The method seems to be promising for use in the measurement of real samples. ## References  
* Alfrey _et al._ (1986) Alfrey, A.C. _Aluminum_; Mertz, W., Ed. ; Academic Press Inc.: Amsterdam, The Netherlands, 1986; pp. 399-413. * Abbaspour _et al._ (2010) Abbaspour, A.; Refahi, M.; Khalafi-Nezhad, A.; Rad, M.N.S. ; Behrouz, S. A selective and sensitive carbon composite coated platinum electrode for aluminium determination in pharmaceutical and mineral water samples. _Anal. Chim. Acta_**2010**, _662_, 76-81.