# An Identity Model for Providing Inclusive Services and Applications
## 2 Related Work
### Web Accessibility Rules  
The W3C is probably the largest entity in terms of guarantees when we talk about the World Wide Web. It is an international community where people work together to develop Web standards. Led by [PERSON], their mission is to drive the Web to its full potential following two main design principles: _Web for all_ and _Web on everything_. For almost 20 years, the W3C Web Accessibility Initiative (WAI) (W3C WAI: [[https://www.w3.org/WAI/](https://www.w3.org/WAI/)]([https://www.w3.org/WAI/](https://www.w3.org/WAI/))) has been the main driver to develop standards and support materials to help to understand and implement web accessibility. Recognized as a _de facto_ standard, the WCAG 1.0 [15] were published by WAI as a W3C Recommendation on May 1999. WCAG 1.0 are a set of recommendations in order to make Web content more accessible for people with disabilities in the first place, but also for everyone else, ensuring the access through every user agent or device. The second version of WCAG (WCAG 2.0) [16] was published in December 2008 and became an ISO standard in October 2012 (ISO Standard WCAG 2.0: ISO/IEC 40500:2012). The latest version of the WCAG is 2.1 [17] and was published in June 2018. The new versions extend WCAG with the definition of additional criteria to address low vision, cognitive, language, and learning disabilities, as well as mobile devices support. Although it is possible to conform either to the first or to the second version of WCAG (or both), the W3C recommends that new and updated content use WCAG 2.1. The W3C also recommends that Web accessibility policies reference WCAG 2.1. WCAG 2.1 is backwards compatible with the previous version. Therefore, web pages that conform to WCAG 2.1 also conform to WCAG 2.0. _EN 301 549_[18] is the European Standard on web accessibility. Accessibility requirements applicable to ICT products and services are specified in this document. In addition, a description of the test and evaluation methodology for each requirement is included, to ensure that the public use of the document within Europe. The main objective of the document is to produce a European Standard that sets out in a single source. Besides, is intended to be a detailed and practical report applicable to all Information and Communication Technology (ICT) products and services. A year ago, the three official European Standards Organizations (ESOs), Comite Europeen de Normalisation (CEN), Comite Europeen de Normalisation Electrotechnique (CENELEC), and European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI), published an updated version of _EN 301 549_, \"Accessibility requirements for ICT products and services\", which most significant change is the adoption of the W3C WCAG 2.1 for web content, electronic documents, and non-web software, such as native mobile applications. With these updates, _EN 301 549_ addresses the requirements of the EU Web Accessibility Directive in terms of websites and mobile applications in Europe. The Rehabilitation Act Section 508 is a section in a federal law in United States that extends and revises the authorization of grants to States for vocational rehabilitation services. The law applies to all Federal agencies when they develop, procure, maintain, or use electronic and information technology. Related to the latter, the federal agency Access Board (Access Board: [[https://www.access-board.gov](https://www.access-board.gov)]([https://www.access-board.gov](https://www.access-board.gov))) promotes equality for people with disabilities and is responsible for developing ICT accessibility standards to incorporate into regulations that govern Federal procurement practices. On January 2017, the Access Board issued a final rule that updated accessibility requirements covered by Section 508 and went into effect on January 2018. Thus, the requirements are harmonized with other guidelines and standards both in the U.S. and abroad, including standards issued by the European Commission and with WCAG 2.0.