## 3 The Implications, Challenges, and Benefits of Network Science for Health Teamworking
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Concept** & **Implications** & **Challenges** & **Benefits** \\ \hline \multirow{8}{*}{\begin{tabular}{c} Sensitivity to \\ initial condition \\ \end{tabular} } & & \(\bullet\) & Is the concept of ‘weak signals’ \\  & & & useful when considering the \\  & \(\bullet\) & Difficulty of distinguishing & networks? Should they be & \\  & & between randomness and & & included in the analyses? \\  & & non-randomness results. & \(\bullet\) & How can teamwork factors that \\  & \(\bullet\) & A fully determined process & & subsequently turn out to be \\  & & can have multiple possible & important be distinguished from \\  & & team network and/or & those that do not (i.e., those \\  & & outcomes. & which are just random)? \\  & \(\bullet\) & Inability to evaluate the & \(\bullet\) & Questioning unquestioned \\  & & initial conditions of teams & assumptions and past \\  & & with infinite accuracy. & relationships between team \\  & & behaviours/dynamics and & \\  & & team performances. & & \\ \hline \multirow{8}{*}{\
\begin{tabular}{c} Emergence and \\ systemness \\ \end{tabular} } & \(\bullet\) & The interplay between & & \(\bullet\) & Easy formalisation through \\  & & micro- and & & networked representations. \\  & \(\bullet\) & What emerges at a higher & & \(\bullet\) & Both micro and macro \\  & & hierarchical level is not & \(\bullet\) & How can network tools be \\  & & reducible to the sum of the & adapted to avoid overly focusing & \\  & & parts of lower hierarchical & on either the micro- or & \\  & & levels and, therefore, not & macro-organisational levels, & \\  & amenable to traditional & leading to a ‘micro-falley’ & & \\  & forms of ‘analysis’. & or ‘macro-falley’ & & \\  & \(\bullet\) & The presence of & \(\bullet\) & How can we effectively ‘analyse’ \\  & & dyadic relationships. & networks of health organisations & \\  & \(\bullet\) & The presence of & by examining individuals and & \\  & \(\bullet\) & self-assertive tendencies and & & \\  & \(\bullet\) & Integrative tendencies. & \(\bullet\) & How can we distinguish what \\  & \(\bullet\) & The interplay between & information is needed from & that may be unseen and \\  & & networks of health & whom, when, and how? & \\  & & organisations (hospitals, \\  & & house assistance & & \\  & & organisations, family \\  & & doctors, etc.) while & & \\  & providing “combined” & & & \\  & health services. & & \\ \hline \multirow{8}{*}{
\begin{tabular}{c} Attractor states \\ \end{tabular} } & \(\bullet\) & A team may be governed by & \(\bullet\) & To what extent can we change \\  & a specific attractor (e.g., a & the team outcomes if an attractor \\  & team leader, a specific & is present? What is the balance & \\  & configuration, etc.), & between changing some team & \\  & implying a repetition of past & factors and leaving the team free & \\  & patterns of development, & to develop? & \\  & leading to the same or & similar & \\  & outcomes (determinism). & \\  & \(\bullet\) & The future team dynamics & \\  & and outcomes can & & \\  & sometimes be guessed & & \\  & because of this tendency for & \\  & unfolding patterns to repeat, & \\  & implying a degree of & \\  & usefulness for network & \\  & analysis tools for & \\  & discovering & \\  & related elements. & & \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 1: _Cont._The irreversibility of time is a concept regarding history, intended as a complex evolutionary path of the teams taken to the present thought the past and how they are affected by many influencing factors, such as internal and external relations and interactions, team configuration, accumulated bundle of skills and expertise of providers, stress or fatigue, and past conflicts. Such factors are among the fundamental determinants of team performance. Indeed, the peculiar combination of such variables leads to a single and sometimes unique future of the team and organisation that cannot make simple predictions with complete information about the past conditions.