# An Optimized Load Balancing Using Firefly Algorithm in Flying Ad-Hoc Network
###### Abstract  
In flying ad hoc networks (FANETs), load balancing is a vital issue. Numerous conventional routing protocols that have been created are ineffective at load balancing. The different scope of its applications has given it wide applicability, as well as the necessity for location assessment accuracy. Subsequently, implementing traffic congestion control based on the current connection status is difficult. To successfully tackle the above problem, we frame the traffic congestion control algorithm as a network utility optimization problem that takes different parameters of the network into account. For the location calculation of unknown nodes, the suggested approach distributes the computational load among flying nodes. Furthermore, the technique has been optimized in a FANET utilizing the firefly algorithm along with the traffic congestion control algorithm. The unknown nodes are located using the optimized backbone. Because the computational load is divided efficiently among the flying nodes, the simulation results show that our technique considerably enhances the network longevity and balanced traffic. f +
Footnote †: journal:  
_Electronics_  
_Acticle_  
An Optimized Load Balancing Using Firefly Algorithm in Flying Ad-Hoc Network  
_Acticle_  
UAV-assisted packages; energy efficiency in FANETs; the emerging Internet of Things (IoT) and cloud applications with FANETs; routing strategies for FANETs; application of future Internet architectures in FANETs; the energization of FANETs. Furthermore, this work explores into the modeling and performance evaluation of drones and UAVs in emerging applications, describing novel strategies, new models for energy, communication, and routes for UAVs, as well as interesting applications. Load balancing is the act of dispersing system traffic flow over various servers, and localization is the process of estimating the location of unknown nodes placed in FANETs. As computing moves more and more to the network, load balancing plays an increasingly critical security function [5]. In such networks, the accuracy of the node's position estimation is determined by two key processes. The first is node location estimation, which involves calculating the position of unidentified nodes, and the second is node position confirmation, which involves comparing the computed location to the real site. To expand the correctness of the localization process, several expressions have been developed. Congestion is always an undesirable circumstance in wired and wireless networks since it can degrade the communication environment. At the media access control address level or above this level, congestion can cause packet loss and retransmission. The task of planning and executing a traffic congestion control algorithm along with a firefly algorithm is difficult since numerous elements must be considered. The congestion control system is not equipped to deal with the unique characteristics of shared wireless multi-UAVs in the network. Packet loss and retransmissions can occur for a variety of reasons, including route pause due to mobility and concealed terminal problems in the wireless networks. Unpredictable packet delivery ratio and the loss of packet rates are caused by affected fluctuations in topology and a weak wireless network, posing a challenge for congestion control in FANETs [6]. Furthermore, due to the random link-state induced by UAVs' fast mobility, it is hard to control overall transmission delay within a specific threshold. Consequently, it is required to plan an accurate traffic congestion control of flying nodes algorithm that can adjust to the different status of the link, and guarantees the interruption prerequisites and different parameters. To the best of our knowledge, only a few earlier studies have looked into the load-balancing problem in FANETs. In [3], the flying ad hoc networks are described along with mobility models, features, and routing protocols.