# Smart Healthcare Applications over 5G Networks: A Systematic Review
## 3 Results and Discussion
### Healthcare Benefits
#### 3.2.3 Networking Technologies  
Clinical applications based on the use of body sensors and wearable devices, use short- and long-range network technologies to communicate and send information. Among the short-range technologies are WiFi, Bluetooth, NFC, and Zigbee [53]. For long-range communication, the cellular network is used.  
Figure 12 shows that 43.18% (\(n=19\)) of smart healthcare systems use Bluetooth and WiFi for communication between devices. This corresponds to the fact that a large portion of the devices are integrated with this type technology, due to its low cost and energy consumption [20]. For this reason, there is extensive development of smart health systems based on these transmission technologies [39] for sending and receiving medical data collected from patients through body sensors or wearable devices. That said, the system presented in [42] for monitoring patients with respiratory diseases uses a portable sensor (Airgo band), which sends vital signs data to an iPad device via Bluetooth, and via Wi-Fi, the data of oxygen saturation (SAT-30 oximeter) and environmental parameters (uHoo environmental sensor). Similarly, in [50; 55], using these technologies, medical devices and sensors transmitted user information to a mobile device.  
Likewise, with a proportion of 29.55% (\(n=13\)), telesurgery and ambulance systems transmit patient data through the cellular network. In other words, these systems do not use short-range communication technologies (Bluetooth, NFC, Zigbee, and WiFi) because these generate a fairly large volume of data, so the data transmitted directly.  
Zigbee is another of the communication protocols that is used in conjunction with WiFi and Bluetooth. It is a robust protocol, it is low cost, and its power consumption is relatively low [20]. However, only 11.36% (\(n=5\)) of the presented studies used these three communication protocols in a hybrid way. According to the above, one of the systems that uses these three types of communication is the Nasri and Mtibaa [20] monitoring system. The system has an app for Android devices in which it receives physiological data captured by WBSN, which are later sent to a platform in the cloud.  
The same thing happens with other systems that use Bluetooth and NFC to share users' data. The use of these technologies is reflected in the system for monitoring diabetic patients proposed by [PERSON] et al. [33], which makes use of a scale via a Bluetooth connection and a glucometer through an NFC connection for the acquisition of parameters such as body weight and blood glucose. The use of this hybrid protocol represents 2.27% (\(n=1\)) of the total number of studies incorporating these two short-range network technologies.  
Finally, it is noteworthy that only 2.27% (\(n=1\)) of the systems use WiFi technology for device communication as the only means of transmitting medical data, considering that it is one of the most used wireless technologies worldwide; however, it is the least used in in IoMT applications because it has high power consumption.  
Figure 12: Networking technologies.