## 4 Seismic Data Interpretation  
Seismic interpretation is the description of the subsurface geological features from seismic data collected during the extraction process. The drilling team can perform the interpretation of seismic data to determine the structural models beneath the earth's surface. Amplitude, frequency, and phase are the main seismic attributes that are generally used in the interpretation process. The main aim of interpretation is to identify the different reflectors or horizons as interfaces between different geological formations. Interpretation is mainly required in order to obtain structural and stratigraphic information. During interpretation, the horizons and faults are marked for better representation. In the beginning, interpretation was done manually on paper sections, but nowadays, it is done with the help of powerful computer systems. With graphic support, computer-aided interpretation systems are used in the industry, as shown in Figure 1d. Seismic sections can forecast configurations of up to tens of kilometers. A fault with throw that is less than one-quarter of the wavelength of the seismic wave will be very complicated to mark out in the seismic section [42]. The current study area is situated in an extensional regime, so the general structure is normal related, i.e., hornst and graben structure. A normal fault will progress due to the extensional regime. Overall, four faults are apparent on the seismic section, which increases the complexity of the research area. These are marked upon the detection of abrupt variations in the condition of reflectors and misrepresentation or disappearance of the reflection underneath the faults. The purpose of interpretation is to understand how these structures are formed, and it is necessary for mapping and marking the horizons above and below the target zone. The strata in an exposure or outcropping of sedimentary rock can range from layers asthin as paper, which are known as lamina (plural: laminae or laminations), to beds tens of feet thick. Generally, the more stable and consistent the environmental conditions during deposition, the thicker the strata will be. The seismic interpretation procedure consists of various tracks reserved to find an explanation of the seismic sector on the subject of all stratigraphic structures and sequences [13]. In the oil and gas industries, the critical objectives of seismic interpretation are to detect hydrocarbon pathways and explore its flow [14]. In the case of the Kabir-wala lines, the reflectors are constituted to be fundamentally flat; thus, a conduit cannot be assembled for hydrocarbon migration along with maturation. Seismic interpretation is also necessary for selecting the appropriate geological reservoir for long-term CO\({}_{2}\) sequestration [43; 44; 45; 46; 47; 48; 49]. The basic interpretation stages are based on seismic well log data of the Tola-01 well in the Kabirwala area and on seismic lines. As given in Tables 2 and 3, five migrated seismic lines, navigation data of seismic lines, well log data, and formation tops for the Tola-01 well were accessible for this project. Seismic data analysis consists of stratigraphic and structural analysis. The structure and stratigraphy of the subsurface is evaluated from the seismic reflection data [50]. Seismic interpretation involves converting velocity and time into the depth of subsurface reflecting interfaces to translate seismic data into geological images [5]. Figure 2a points out the \"Base Map\" of the study area (Tola-01 well), which is located in the Punjab platform of Central Indus Basin (CIB). The key purpose of the \"Base Map\" is to point out the particular direction of the seismic lines, shot points, as well as the well position on the seismic line. In the current study, the \"Base Map\" points out two strike lines and three dip lines. The two strike lines have the shooting trend from the north to south direction. However, the three dip lines have the shooting trend from the east to west direction.