# Navigation Safety on Shipping Routes during Construction
## 2 Literature Review
### Literature Analysis  
In available research studies and introduced recommendations, the issues of ship navigational safety in narrow passages and the determination of safe channel width for passages depending on ship parameters and navigational conditions were analyzed [1; 2; 11; 12]. Special navigational conditions and accidents that occurred in different places were examined, including the Istanbul Strait [13], the Gulf of Gdansk [14; 15], and navigation safety in ports and seas [16]. It was noted that narrow passages may also take place in port approach channels. Therefore, vessel traffic safety in such areas was also studied [17; 18], and risk analysis for ship traffic was carried out [19; 20]. Construction, development, and reconstruction work may take place in different navigational areas. Such works may be carried out within sea areas, e.g., close to windmills farms, where ships maneuvers are very limited, as well as ships accidents may happen [21]. Such accidents may occur between ships or between ships and offshore constructions. In the available studies, the safety of offshore installations was analyzed [22], as well as collisions of vessels with offshore wind turbines were investigated, and risk assessment was performed [23]. Available research studies were also focused on the determination of ship trajectories in different conditions. The research results included visual and optical trajectory checking [24; 25], visualization, and simulation of vessel traffic [26; 27; 28], which is important for shipping safety in complicated navigation conditions. The visual analytic tools for vessel movement were examined [28; 29; 30]. [PERSON] et al. [31] studied the quality problems of AIS (Automatic Identification System) data. [PERSON] et al. [32] performed visual analytics and analyzed the vessel's collision probability to improve ship navigation safety. A similar research problem was explored to determine trajectories for ships crossing the open sea close to obstacles influencing navigation safety [33]. A lot of research has been carried out to examine the interaction between ships, as well as ships and banks in narrow channels and sea areas [19; 34; 35]. Hydrodynamic interactions (considering waves influence) between ships traveling or stationary in shallow waters were investigated [36; 37]. Moreover, the identification of collision risk and ship accidents in narrow channels based on AIS data was performed [38; 39]. It should be highlighted that AIS data are widely used for the analysis of ship traffic and the occurrence of accidents in navigational channels and sea regions [40; 41]. The data obtained from this system may be used for intelligent maritime navigation [42], maritime special planning [43], evaluation of vessels' traffic with speed control [44], extraction  
Figure 2: Construction work carried out close to navigational channel in Klaipeda port [own picture]. of intelligent maritime routes [45], and other purposes to increase navigational safety. Vessel's pattern knowledge was discovered from AIS data, which is important to apply in ships traffic planning in narrow channels to avoid collisions and other accidents [46; 47]. Attention was paid to the fact that AIS data are also helpful in planning ship trajectories in inland waterways to prevent collisions and accidents due to very narrow passages in some places [48]. Ship collision avoidance methods and dynamic ship heels related to maritime transport safety were investigated in available studies [49; 50]. Ship trajectories and shipping density for ships entering or leaving the port [47; 51], as well as shipping density in fishing and other regions [52; 53; 54], were analyzed in detail. Ships movement classification was carried out [55], paying attention to the accuracy of data needed to plan the navigation trajectory [56; 57; 58]. Many ship collisions and accidents occur due to human errors [19; 59], organizational, technical, environmental, and other factors [60; 61]. [PERSON] et al. [16] conducted a statistical analysis of ship accidents.