## 4 Discussion
Glare has received notable research consideration as an important attribute of lighting quality [128; 129; 130]. It should be noted that the terms \" bright\" and \"clear\" were integrated into the residents' semantic space. These two adjectives, linked to the concept of visibility or visual comfort, are important themes for lighting research experts [131]. The sensation of \"brightness\" [132; 133]/brightness\" [134] is a widely used concept. In the present study, brightness appears on almost all axes with the same value, except for _Formal-uniform_. Experts have also often used the words \"clear\" [135] or \"clarity\" [136], which appear in this case only on the _Expressive-interesting_ axis. Although experts clearly differentiate between \"bright\" and \"clear\", the residents' responses grouped the two terms in the _Expressive-interesting_ axis. [PERSON] and [PERSON] [117] found that these concepts were rated similarly by non-experts. [PERSON] et al. [79] also observed that the terms bright-dim and clear-hazy were treated in analogous ways and grouped them under \"visual clarity\". Second, after the acquisition of the residents' semantic space or the set of adjectives, regression analysis results were used to quantify the importance of these perceptions/emotional responses in their overall evaluations. In this way, the impact of each attribute on their overall assessments of their urban luminous environments was established. The outcomes suggest efforts to improve the PLE in urban areas. The outcomes suggest that efforts to improve the PLE of urban areas should focus on two main points: PLE must generate sensations of being _Expressive-interesting_ and _Defined-sufficient_ in the residents. An essential dimension is the axis _Expressive-interesting_ given that it groups the adjectives \"expressive\", \"interesting\", \"colourful\" and \"beautiful\". This is a significant outcome, given that some authors [137] have argued that preferences and aesthetic judgments are specific qualitative lighting design criteria (along with mood states, happiness, alertness, and satisfaction). In this sense, the findings of this study are a clear indication of the importance that citizens assign to the qualitative aspects of lighting. Some authors have already noted that light has an identifiable affective importance for observers [138], and emotional terms or affective adjectives are often used when people express an aesthetic or preference evaluation of a place [124]. Other authors have highlighted the importance of using engaging urban lighting to attract visitors [40,139] and attention. The _Defined-sufficient_ axis describes the luminous environment as \"defined\", \"sufficient\", \"bright\" and \"delicate\" (and not \"irritating\" or \"tatty\"). The importance of these two axes in overall assessments is consistent with the conclusions drawn by [PERSON], [PERSON], and [PERSON] [140]. These authors indicated that spaces assessed as more attractive were also evaluated as brighter and more interesting. These results show that people describe how they feel about light in a space in terms of brightness and interest. Third, this work established the relationship between the affective responses of PLE and the activities that local residents perform in urban areas. The activities associated with PLE assessments are _Having fun, Reflecting-resting, Running-physical activity_, and Saving energy. These four independent factors explained 83.34% of the variance. The most significant contribution of this correlation (Figure 4) is that luminous environments need to be adapted in different ways based on the diverse activities undertaken in cities. The results make it clear that citizens differentiate between luminous environments suitable for having fun and for undertaking physical activities. This is why it is important to separate the different activities that take place in urban areas in an assessment analysis of the PLE.