## 5 Conclusions  
Organic electrode components, especially graphite and carbon black, display low inherent stability in aqueous formulations. Good dispersing and, in turn, stabilization behavior is particularly important when it comes to qualifying electrode dispersions for inkjet printing processes. Additives are capable of further improving stability. An empirical methodology was presented, which aids the application of suitable dispersants with organic electrode components. Empirical investigations revealed appropriate dispersants and operating parameters for use in inkjet printing processes. It is likely that the systematic approach can be applied to graphite and carbon black materials with slightly different properties. The findings of this paper can be summarized, as follows:  
* Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) was found to be a suitable dispersant for the stabilization of graphite. The particle size distribution that is achieved with PVP is below the threshold required for processing in inkjet printing. For the given graphite nanoparticles with an average particle size of 50 nm, a PVP content of 20 m% with respect to particle quantity was identified as appropriate. * Triton X-100 favoured an enhanced dispersibility of carbon black. It appears that TX-100 is capable of dissolving secondary agglomerates, although primary aggregates are still present in the dispersion. From an electrochemical point of view, primary aggregates should not be destroyed. Filter examinations revealed that the size of the majority of aggregates is lower than the limit value for inkjet printing. It is assumed that the addition of a binder material, such as carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), additionally inhibits the sedimentation of the smaller primary aggregates by virtue of its thickening effect. In conclusion, the findings corroborated both of the hypotheses. On the one hand, the dispersal of graphite and carbon black nanoparticles can be ensured using additives that keep the particle size distribution below the limit for inkjet printing. On the other hand, graphite and carbon black cannot be stabilized by the same non-ionic surfactants, despite their similar chemical origin. However, preparing a stable dispersion from organic components is only one of the first steps in qualifying an electrode dispersion for inkjet printing processes. In this context, further investigations are necessary to determine as to whether the addition of a binder, such as CMC, is sufficient for stabilizing primary carbon black aggregates. The next step is to achieve a stable dispersion from the entirety of the components of both anode and cathode dispersions. In addition to the organic components, these include the active cathodic materials and the binder, in the mass fractions relevant to the later electrode. It remains to be examined whether PVP can also act as a binder in the electrode system and ensure the required cohesion and adhesion. Further investigations must be carried out with regard to the suitability and the optimum content. Conceptualization, C.G.K. ; methodology, C.G.K. ; performing experiments and analyzing data, C.G.K. and M.L. ; writing-original draft preparation, C.G.K. ; writing-review and editing, M.L., J.-L.L., A.B. and M.F.Z. ; visualization, C.G.K. ; supervision, M.F.Z., A.B. ; funding acquisition, C.G.K., A.B. and M.F.Z. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript. The authors express their sincere gratitude to the Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) for financially supporting the research on the presented topic within the research cluster ExZellITUM III (grant Number 03 XPO255). Not applicable. The authors declare no conflict of interest.