## 5 Discussion  
BIM's implementation in developing nations, including Nigeria, is not as swift as probable compared to forward-thinking economic countries where the speed of adoption is intense [18,118]. BIM adoption in developing countries is hindered by several factors, including a lack of government and contractor support, insufficient training and retraining of professional members in the usage and application of BIM, a lack of initiative and education, an inability to modify the existing work practices, and a lack of understanding on the roles and benefits of employing a BIM approach [82,119]. As a result, BIM adoption efforts in Nigeria's public sector and among the many construction players have been painfully slow. Architects often implement BIM only to boost the visual quality of presentation [120]. Furthermore, between the specialized bodies attracted by this advent of technology in Nigeria, there is a restriction in the use of BIM because they failed to keep in stride with the up-to-date technological progression [82]. Fear of change [39], high up-front costs associated with BIM application [121], a dearth of BIM-skilled labor in the construction industry [122], a general lack of interest on the part of clients, as well as questions of data ownership, cultural resistance, prolonged processes, and doubts about the return on investment are some of the other challenges to BIM adoption in the construction sectors of developing nations [123]. This primary aspect is a technological one, including application and software compatibility, quality and progress monitoring authorization, layout clash detection and visualization, and BIM standards and protocols. This is meant to form the basis of the BIM interface. To counter this danger, researchers summarize the existing state of research on BIM deployment and suggest future study topics [43]. Non-BIM and non-construction professionals sometimes have a skewed impression of BIM due to a lack of integrated characterization [43]. A lack of awareness of BIM's economic implications and outcomes and the absence of an all-inclusive list of BIM benefits and associated cost savings persist, even though construction professionals are aware of BIM's benefits in the construction sector [124]. It is also expensive to purchase BIM software in Nigeria. Most construction companies cannot afford computers and the several expensive accessories that come with them, such as software. The cost of purchasing the software is very high to install on each of the personal computer systems, which has brought about the use of the trier versions of BIM tools. This is compounded by the hefty price tag associated with learning BIM software. A significant impediment to the efficient introduction of BIM assessment technology is the widespread belief that training costs are high, that the education needs are unclear, and that the learning curve is severe [125]. Additionally, most educational facilities lack IT specialists and faculty members comfortable working with BIM software in the classroom [125]. It will be difficult for such educators to provide the education and train those kids in the information age of the 21 st century. Proper IT use is hindered at Nigerian universities due to a lack of IT-trained faculty members to teach students hands-on computer skills. The Nigerian construction sector has challenges in using BIM due to inadequate information technology infrastructure. Poorly built university IT infrastructure includes