esa-sceva/satcom-chunk-collection huggingface dataset:
# Supporting Heterogenous Traffic on Top of Point-to-Multipoint Light-Trees +
## 3 Optical Constellation Slicing
Note that both gross or net throughput can be computed by considering gross or net \(SR\) in Equation (1). \[Throughput_{OCS_{i}}=\frac{infobits_{i}}{m}\times\#CP\times SR \tag{1}\]  
In contrast, Equation (2) can be used to compute the throughput of each SC in a DSCM system working on the same modulation format (\(m\)), where \(N\) is the number of SCs. \[Throughput_{SC}=\frac{log_{2}m}{N}\times SR \tag{2}\]  
Figure 5: Example of slicing and individual data encryption (updated from [16]). In both cases, the system's throughput is calculated as the summation of the individual throughputs. Let us assume \(SR\) = 64 GBd and 20% FEC overhead for a DP system. In the example in Figure 2b, the throughput of OCS1 and OCS2 is 250 Gb/s and 37.5 Gb/s, respectively. In contrast, for the DSCM system in Figure 2a, the throughput of each SC is 37.5 Gb/s and every RX receives a throughput of 150 Gb/s. Additionally, for OCS, we define the _slice efficiency_ (\(SE\)) of each slice OCS\(i\) as the ratio between the number of _infobits_ with respect to the total number of bits per symbol (Equation (3)), as well as the _contributed efficiency_ (\(CE\)) as a function \(SE\) and the number of CPs assigned to the OCS\(i\) (Equation (4)). \[SE_{OCS_{i}}=\frac{infobits_{i}}{log_{2}m} \tag{3}\]  
\[CE_{OCS_{i}}=SE_{OCS_{i}}\times\frac{\#CP}{m} \tag{4}\]  
For illustrative purposes, Table 1 summarizes the maximum throughput, \(SE\), and \(CE\) of each OCS\(i\) in the system, presented in Figure 2b. For this case, the transceiver provides a 412.5 Gb/s total throughput and reaches a 68.8% efficiency, computed as the summation of the individual throughput and the \(CE\) of the OCS slices.
# Towards Interactive Analytics over RDF Graphs
## 6 Translation of HIFUN Queries to SPARQL
### Attribute-Restricted Queries  
Suppose that we would like to find the total quantities of products, delivered to one particular branch, say branch1. This query would be expressed in HIFUN as  
\((takesPlaceAt/_{branch},inQuantity,SUM)\) and in SPARQL as:  
SELECT?x2 SUM(?x3) WHERE { ?x1 ex:takesPlaceAt?x2. ?x1 ex:inQuantity?x3. ?x1 extakesPlaceAt branch1.  } GROUP BY?x2  
Therefore for translating the HIFUN query (\(g\), \(m\), \(op\)) we translate the restriction \(v\) by adding in the WHERE clause the triple pattern?x1 g v. Please note that here the restriction value refers to a URI. If that value had been represented with a literal, then a FILTER statement would have to be added in the WHERE clause. For example, consider the following example (where in this case the restriction is applied to the measuring function): Suppose that we would like to find the total quantities of products, delivered to each branch by considering only those invoices with quantity greater than or equal to 1. This query would be expressed in HIFUN as \((takesPlaceAt,inQuantity/_{>=1},SUM)\) and in SPARQL as:  
```
SELECT?x2 SUM(?x3) WHERE{?x1 ex:takesPlaceAt?x2.?x1 ex:inQuantity?x3. FILTER(?x3>xsd:integer(\"1\")). ) GROUPBY?x2
```  
Consequently, a literal-attribute restriction in a HIFUN query (\(g\), \(m/cond\), \(op\)) would be translated by adding in the WHERE clause the following constraint FILTER(\(right(m\)) _cond_).
# Encapsulated Probiotics: Potential Techniques and Coating Materials for Non-Dairy Food Applications
## 4 Biomaterials Utilized for Probiotics Encapsulation
### Carbohydrate Polymers
#### 4.1.6 Maltodextrin  
Maltodextrin is one of the most common wall materials used in spray-drying to encapsulate probiotics. It is a starch hydrolysate produced from any starch via partial acidic or enzymatic hydrolysis. Maltodextrin is abundant, inexpensive, non-toxic, bland in taste, possesses low hygroscopicity, shows excellent thermal stability, has high water solubility, and low viscosity, even when at a high solid content [41; 78]. These properties prevent particle agglomeration and contribute to the easy spray-drying of maltodextrin. It also possesses moderate prebiotic properties and is beneficial in probiotic encapsulation. However, maltodextrin has a weak emulsifying capacity. Hence, it shows a low encapsulation efficiency. In this regard, maltodextrin is often used together with other biomaterials such as gum Arabic and sodium caseinate [41]. [PERSON] et al. [33] reported that the survivability of _L. acidophilus_ during the bread-baking process was increased through the addition of maltodextrin in the encapsulation matrix. A higher protective effect was observed when maltodextrin was used with Xanthan gum.
## 2 Theory  
### Basic Theory of Acoustic Emission for Valve Detection  
Acoustic emission is a phenomenon of transient elastic waves generated by materials or components accompanying energy release [22]. This kind of signal is collected by AE transducers, and the collected signals are analyzed to explore the problems of materials or components.  
Valve internal leakage detection is an important application of acoustic emission technology. During the internal leakage of a valve, the fluid is jetted downstream through the leak hole under the action of the valve pressure to produce jet noise, which contains internal leakage information  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c} \hline \hline
**References** & **Methods** & **Error** \\ \hline
[11] & Equation fitting & Between 9.2\% and 29.7\% \\
[12; 13] & Power spectral density & Approximately \(\pm\)7.8\% full scale \\
[14] & Spectrum of frequencies & Not mentioned \\
[15] & Neural-network-based correlation model & \(\leq\)1\% \\
[16] & Nonlinear regression method, kernel partial & \(\leq\)27\% \\  & least-squares regression & Not given \\
[17] & Least-squares method & Not given \\
[18] & K-medoids clustering & Overall accuracy 96.28\% \\
[19] & Regression-based deep belief network & \(\leq\)20\% \\
[20] & Regression method & Accuracy between 74.5\% and 98.8\% \\
[21] & Gaussian process regression & Not given \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}
Table 1: Comparison of different prediction methods for the valve internal leakage rate.  
(including location of the internal leakage point, internal leakage flow rate) and interact with the valve wall to spread around [23]. The jet noise can be detected by a highly sensitive acoustic emission sensor. As a result, valve internal leakage can be identified qualitatively and quantitatively.
# Advanced Micro/Nanocapsules for Self-Healing Coatings
## 4 Classification of Self-Healing Coatings Based on the Polymeric Matrix
### Thermoplastic Polymers
#### 4.2.2 Polyvinyl-Based Self-Healing Coatings  
Self-healing coatings based on polyvinyl pay attention to the fabrication of protective layers that enable automatic damage restoration. The utility of these coatings is to enhance the longevity and durability of various surfaces, ranging from plastics to metals, through the incorporation of mechanisms that permit the coating to heal itself after damage such as cracks or scratches. Polyvinyl compounds, like polyvinyl acetate, polyvinyl chloride, and polyvinyl alcohol, are polymers that can be used in several applications. The modification of these materials in self-healing coatings to include healing agents results in the demonstration of self-healing properties.  
[PERSON] et al. [55] synthesized and examined self-healing polyvinyl, including functional polymers that react to ultraviolet irradiation and thermal energy. The obtained material exhibited improved thermal stability, processability, chemical resistance, and mechanical strength because of the functional molecule introduction at the brush end joined to the polyvinyl chain. In the work of [PERSON] et al. [56], high-performance self-healing coatings were prepared from a mixed solution of hydrolyzed poly(styrene-co-maleic anhydride) and polyvinyl alcohol. The coatings revealed enhanced antifogging performance in a humid, warm environment as well as a refrigerator room. An improved self-healing ability was detected that was ascribed to hydrogen bonding self-assembly. Hydrogel coatings based on borax and polyvinyl alcohol were produced and applied in rigid polyurethane foam by [PERSON] et al. [57]. The fabricated coatings were investigated with respect to their self-healing, fire-retardant, and recycling properties. The reversible and dynamic cross-linked networks based on the hydrogen bonds and borate ester bonds imparted the hydrogels with enhanced recyclability, repairability, and elasticity. Self-healing organic coatings based on polyvinyl butyral formulations were synthesized by [PERSON] et al. [58]. Polypyrrole-carbon black additives were incorporated as an inhibiting pigment. The exposure of the composite coatings in aggressive environments imparted a self-healing effect that was assigned to the diffusion barrier nature and redox properties of polypyrrole. A stable passive layer was created on the metal surface because of the interaction of organic sulfonic acid dopant that was released from the polypyrrole with metal iron oxide. [PERSON] et al. [59] prepared, via the dip-coating process, protective systems with self-healing properties in order to defend carbon steel corrosion in an acidic medium environment containing chloride. Polyvinyl chloride was introduced as an organic healing agent into formulations that contained TiO\({}_{2}\), ZnO, and ZnO-TiO\({}_{2}\) nanocomposites.
## 2 Materials and Methods
### Uncertainty Quantification
#### 2.3.3 Error Estimation  
To estimate the error of the PCE, we employ leave-one-out (LOO) cross-validation. In LOO, one sample \(\mathbf{x}^{(i)}\) is excluded from the set of \(n\) random samples, and the PCE is constructed without this sample's information, denoted as \(\mathcal{M}^{\text{PCE}\backslash i}\). The residual error at that point is defined as the difference between the result from the actual model \(\mathcal{M}\) and the result from the PCE without the information on that point \(\mathcal{M}^{\text{PCE}\backslash i}\):  
\[\Delta_{i}\ =\ \mathcal{M}\Big{(}\mathbf{x}^{(i)}\Big{)}-\mathcal{M}^{\text{ PCE}\backslash i}\Big{(}\mathbf{x}^{(i)}\Big{)}. \tag{6}\]  
The residual error can be quantified by leaving out each sample, one at a time, from the set of samples to construct the PCE. Since \(n\) samples are present in the set, the LOO error corresponds to the sum of the \(n\) residual errors:  
\[E_{\text{LOO}}\ =\ \frac{1}{n}\sum_{i=1}n\Delta_{i}^{2}. \tag{7}\]  
Hence, this technique consistently leaves one sample out during each iteration and constructs a PCE surrogate model with one fewer samples. This meticulous process ensures that our PCE surrogate model is rigorously validated against test data that were not utilized during the training phase. However, this approach involves constructing \(n\) PCEs, which can be computationally demanding in large stochastic dimensions. However, based on algebraic derivations [25], the LOO error can be quantified using the \(i\)-th diagonal terms in the matrix \(\mathbf{A}\big{(}\mathbf{A}^{\text{T}}\mathbf{A}\big{)}^{-1}\mathbf{A}^{\text{T}}\). Eventually, the LOO error is given by  
\[E_{\text{LOO}}\ =\ \frac{1}{n}\sum_{i=1}^{n}\bigg{(}\frac{\mathcal{M}(\mathbf{x} (i))-\mathcal{M}^{\text{PCE}}(\mathbf{x}(i))}{1-h_{i}}\bigg{)}. \tag{8}\]  
It should be noted that in this formulation, \(\mathcal{M}^{\text{PCE}}\) is constructed based on the full experimental design (i.e., \(n\) samples). The LOO error can be normalized by dividing it by the variance of the model outputs \(\text{Var}[\mathbf{y}]\).
## 3 Results  
### Surface Irradiance  
The Marine Optical Buoy (MOBY) is a facility designed for the vicarious calibration of satellite ocean color instruments [47]. Located in clear ocean waters near the island of Lanai, Hawaii, MOBY measures the upwelling radiance and downwelling irradiance below the ocean surface plus the incident solar irradiance just above the surface. The measurements include a near-UV range down to about 350 nm.  
Figure 2 shows the results of comparing the OMI-derived surface irradiance with the MOBY-measured irradiance in the UV. Comparisons were carried out for OMI pixels collocated over the MOBY site. Because the OMI equator crossing time is about 13:45 local time, the MOBY measurements at 14:00 local time are selected to ensure a minimum time difference between the MOBY measurements and OMI overpass time. Only good MOBY measurements under clear skies were used for the comparisons. OMI pixels were collocated for different seasons to encompass the SZA variability over the year 2005. Using the PACE recommended TSIS solar irradiance improved comparisons with MOBY by 2-3%. As can be seen from Figure 2, the computed and measured irradiances agreed rather well; the mean difference was less than 5%.
###### Abstract  
_Streptomyces_ spp. are considered a prolific resource of bioactive and structurally diverse secondary metabolites for natural product drug discovery. In this study, 20 out of 56 actinomycetes from soils showed antibacterial activity against at least one tested bacterium. Among them, the CH6 isolate could be a potential source of antibacterial compounds, as indicated by inhibition zone diameters (11.1-32.0 mm) and MIC values (from 8 to 128 \(\mu\)g/mL) against microbial pathogens. The extract showed moderate antioxidant activity against DPPH, hydroxyl, and superoxide anion radicals. Notably, CH6 extract displayed strong inhibitory effects on cancer cells, including MCF-7, A549, HepG2, and HT29, with IC\({}_{50}\) values ranging from 18.0 to 73.4 \(\mu\)g/mL, without cytotoxic activity against non-cancerous HEK-293 cells. The genome of CH6 consists of a 6,936,977 bp linear chromosome with a 73.0% GC content, 5831 protein-coding genes, and 13 biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs). The highest dDDH and ANI values between CH6 and the most closely related type strain, _Streptomyces evansiae_ DSM 41979\({}^{\text{T}}\), were 45.8% and 92.6%, respectively, which suggests that CH6 is a novel species. Interestingly, cluster 2, with a size of 133,857 bp, comprised both guangnannycin and scabichelin clusters, which have been reported for the first time. These findings showed that _Streptomyces_ sp. CH6 could be a novel species and a producer of guangnannycin and even new secondary metabolites, particularly those with antibacterial and anticancer activities.  
annbacteria activity; biosynthetic gene clusters; cytotoxic activity; guangnannycin; _Streptomyces_
## 2 Literature Review  
### Previous Studies on the Development of Public BIM Guides  
Table 1 represents the previous studies carried out in Korea regarding BIM guides and instructions. Most of the studies focused on the guides, guidelines, and manuals to support the BIM work for BIM designers at the design stage, and there has been scarcely any study of the development of PO-oriented BIM guides. Furthermore, while a few governmental institutions in Korea have promoted BIM guides and manuals, they have rarely provided comprehensive and step-by-step BIM procedures for the POs. The MOLIT, as the central governmental authority in manipulating the national construction business policy, initiated an \"Architectural BIM Application Guide [5]\"; it consisted of three sections, i.e., BIM operation principles, BIM technologies guide, and BIM management guide. The MOLIT, however, announced that the guide was not appropriate to use for a specific project as a direct BIM implementation guideline, since it had been prepared to provide the public and private entities with the basic and generic BIM framework on which comprehensive BIM plans could be devised by the entities later on, depending on their business objectives and environments.  
Korea Land & Housing Corporation (KLHC)--a unique public firm for furnishing apartment housing--developed a BIM guide for its own usage, called \"The KLHC BIM Usage Guide [19]\". Although this guide is more comprehensive than the one from the MOLIT, covering BIM application principles in the conceptual and detailed design stages as well as the construction stage, it is not ideal for generic usage, since it is tailored for residential apartments.  
The Public Procurement Service (PPS)--a public entity for providing contract service for public institutions--developed \"The Primary BIM Guideline for Construction Projects [2]\". This consists of four parts--that is, PPS BIM management principles, the BIM application principles in the concept design phase, the detailed design phase, and the construction phase. While this guide is one of the most sophisticated in Korea, and is referred to widely by public and private entities, since it was developed mainly for designers it does little to address the sequential and necessary tasks that the POs need to perform in procuring BIM services [7]. These tasks specifically mean the POs' activities following the sequential public business procedures, such as defining service scope, choosing service suppliers, contracting the service, managing the service, and compensating for the service.
# Transformer-Based Cascading Reconstruction Network for Video Snapshot Compressive Imaging
## 5 Experiment Results and Analysis
### Results on Real Datasets  
In this section, we apply the proposed network on the real data Wheel captured by the SCI camera [7]. The size of the measurement is \(256\times 256\), which is obtained by encoding every 14 frames by shifting binary random masks. Due to the lack of corresponding original video, we cannot calculate the evaluation metrics and instead evaluate the visual quality of the reconstructed videos. Figure 7 shows the reconstruction results of the proposed network, E2E-CNN, GAP-TV and RE\({}^{2}\)-Net for the Wheel dataset. It can be observed that the results of the proposed network can obtain sharper edges of the letter \"D\" and a clearer scene. There are some artifacts in the reconstructions of GAP-TV and RE\({}^{2}\)-Net. The reconstruction results of E2E-CNN have less accurate motion information and contour details.  
Figure 6: Reconstructed frames of six simulation datasets by different methods (the left side is the Ground Truth, and the right side is the reconstruction result of each method). The sequence numbers of the selected frames of each dataset are Aerial #5, Crash #24, Drop #4, Kobe #6, Runner #1 and Traffic #18.
# Enhanced Effect of Phytoextraction on Arsenic-Contaminated Soil by Microbial Reduction
## 3 Results and Discussion
### Growth and Biomass of Pteris vittata after Bio-Reductive Enhancement  
Plant biomass is a crucial indicator of plant growth in contaminated soil. The initial average height of _Pteris vittata_ seedlings was measured at 12 \(\pm\) 0.32 cm, and their biomass was determined to be 0.87 \(\pm\) 0.07 g. As shown in Figure 3, _Pteris vittata_ exhibited robust growth, with no observable toxic symptoms across all treatment groups. Furthermore, all treatment groups displayed a significant increase in plant height and biomass after four months of planting. Comparing the results to the control group (T1), it was found that the inoculation of iron-sulfur-reducing microbial flora and the application of plant organic matter (POM) (T5) significantly enhanced the plant height and biomass of _Pteris vittata_. Specifically, the plant height increased from 25.23 cm to 30.24 cm, representing an increment of 19.86 percentage points. The total biomass of _Pteris vittata_ increased from 4.22 g to 4.92 g, indicating a 16.59 percentage point increase. Moreover, the biomass of roots and fronds increased by 36.11 percentage points and 9.87 percentage points, respectively. Additionally, a modest increase of 3.32 percentage points in _Pteris vittata_ biomass was observed in the treatment group that was solely inoculated with iron-sulfur-reducing flora (T3). The introduction of plant organic matter further stimulated the growth of _Pteris vittata_. This was attributed not only to the provision of metabolic substrates for bacteria through the small-molecule organic acids present in plant organic matter [33], but also to the effective mobilization of soil nitrogen and available phosphorus, which promoted plant growth [34].
## 3 Methodology
### Analytical Approach  
To gain insights into publishing patterns and the significance of terms in the field, bibliometric analysis was employed. This analysis provides a quantitative understanding of publication trends and identifies key authors, institutions, and journals. Additionally, a keyword co-occurrence analysis, utilizing a distance-oriented method, was conducted to establish bibliometric networks and visualize the relationships between different research concepts [64]. The initial launch version of VOSviewer was used to conduct trials to determine the optimal number of keywords for co-occurrence analysis and enhance the clustering outcomes [65]. To ensure a comprehensive analysis, qualitative methods were also employed to identify significant publications, critical knowledge areas, and vital research contributions. The chosen methodology aims to ensure a thorough and systematic approach to gathering relevant literature and employ a combination of quantitative and qualitative analyses [66]. By utilizing bibliometric analysis and qualitative methods, including publication patterns studies, keyword co-occurrence analysis, and citation analysis, this comprehensive methodology provides valuable insights and lays the foundation for further investigation in the field.
# Study of the Effect of Continuous Thermal Effects on the Shear Stability of Magnetheological Grease
###### Abstract  
Magnetroheological dampers in the service of the medium in a project experience continuous thermal effects, frequent reciprocating shear and other complex conditions. Shear stability is an important indicator of the reliability of a magnetorheological media service. Magnetorheological grease (MRG) was prepared using hydroxy iron powder with a mass fraction of 30% and lithium grease of different consistency grades as a continuous phase. The results of magnetic and rheological properties analysis were combined to investigate the mechanism of the continuous thermal effect on the shear stability of MRG. The results show that changes in the temperature field and magnetic field cause significant changes in the magnetic and rheological properties of MRG. At low temperatures and low magnetic fields, the soap fiber structure unique to MRG can effectively inhibit the movement of magnetic particles, with slight changes in the rheological properties and excellent shear stability. When the temperature increases to 80 \({}^{\circ}\)C, 00 MRG is damaged by the high temperature. The soap fiber structure is fractured and reorganized, and the rheological properties change significantly. However, the rheological properties of 1 fMRG remain largely unchanged during the magnetic field enhancement to saturation, showing better shear stability. The higher consistency continuous phase has excellent heat resistance and better shear performance stability in the face of thermomagnetic coupling conditions, but the fiber breakage caused by continuous reciprocating shear poses a challenge to the service stability of MRG.  
magnetroheological grease; soap fibers; shear stability; thermomagnetic coupling +
Footnote †: journal: Physics Letters B  
0000-0002-4000-33116