## 1 Introduction
These analytical methodologies provide a diverse range of tools for addressing seismic vulnerability assessment in masonry structures from various perspectives. An important limitation is that currently, this automated processing is only applicable to row buildings. The lack of reliable or applicable vulnerability models for a significant number of building classes worldwide has led the Global Earthquake Model (GEM) Foundation to develop databases of vulnerability and fragility models in recent years for the most common building classes globally. The GEM Foundation has also published the tools, datasets, and models used so that other researchers can adapt them to their own needs, including the selection of ground motion records for specific locations [23; 24]. One such tool is the VMTK (Vulnerability Modeller'sToolKit), which is a comprehensive platform for developing fragility and vulnerability models and also offers flexibility in terms of seismic motion, structural capacity, damage criteria, and damage-to-loss conversion [24]. In the literature review conducted in the northwestern region of Mexico for buildings with up to five floors constructed with both reinforced and unreinforced masonry, there is no publicly available information that is considered in the complementary technical standards [25]. This information pertains to behaviors in terms of generated displacements, maximum shear, damage states, or distortion values based on earthquake records in the region. Such studies are scarce in the Baja California region, and among those documented are the following. The project called \"Risk Assessment Tools for Diagnosis of Urban Areas against Seismic Disasters\" (RADIUS), developed by [PERSON] and [PERSON] [26], had as its main objectives the creation of tools to estimate the assessment and mitigation of seismic risk in the city of Tijuana. To achieve this, a damage scenario was generated using damage matrices previously calibrated for Quito andEcuador and adapted for Tijuana. The results of this assessment led to a coordinated action plan by the authorities. Using geospatial techniques within a Geographic Information System (GIS) environment, [PERSON], [PERSON], and [PERSON] [27] conducted a seismic risk assessment in the city of Tijuana. They performed geological and geotechnical characterization, estimated socioeconomic vulnerability, and identified critical structures. They proposed the following structural vulnerability ranges: low, medium, and high, with the high range encompassing vibration periods from 0.7 to 1.2 s. These values were primarily found in the Centro, Centenario, Cerro Colorado, La Mesa, Mesa de Otay, and parts of Playas de Tijuana districts. In terms of physical losses to buildings in the cities of Tijuana and Mexicali, [PERSON] assessed the socioeconomic impact. Their study focused on one- and two-floor residential buildings and examined the impact on the people who inhabit them in terms of structural damage or loss of life resulting from seismic events. Using the Comprehensive Approach to Probabilistic Risk Assessment (CAPRA) platform [28], [PERSON] calculated the socioeconomic impact through a probabilistic risk analysis. This analysis required the integration of seismic hazard data as well as an inventory of exposed elements, particularly residential buildings [29]. Using the OpenQuake Engine tool, [PERSON] conducted a seismic risk scenario assessment in the city of Tijuana, considering residential, industrial, and commercial buildings. The seismic hazard used was developed by the Earthquake Engineering Research Institute (EERI) for the \"San Diego Earthquake Planning Scenario, Magnitude 6.9 (Mw) on the Rose Canyon Fault.\" The inventory of exposed elements was based on the 2015 National Intercensal Survey conducted by the National Institute of Statistics and Geography (INEGI). Vulnerability functions for the predominant construction systems in the region, including masonry, steel, concrete, and wood, were obtained from the Global Earthquake Model (GEM) Foundation for Latin America [30].