## 1 Introduction  
The Earth's population is growing older with each passing year. According to data from World Population Prospects: the 2019 Revision, by 2050, 16% of the people in the world will be over age 65 [1]. As a result, bone fractures and pathologies are emerging as one of the major problems confronting modern medicine. In their elaborate review, [PERSON] et al. [2] explain in detail bone structure, its vital role in the normal functioning of the body, and the innovative approaches that have emerged in recent years to deal with bone tissue malfunctions. The traditional treatment includes transplantation of own or foreign bone tissue or artificial implants (most commonly made of titanium or stainless steel alloys) [2]. Unfortunately, current treatment options hide many negative consequences for the recipient, such as the risk of infection, high immune response, and poor healing of bone tissue [3]. The attractive interdisciplinary field of regenerative medicine offers alternative options for reconstruction of such damaged tissue [2,4]. Bone tissue engineering relies on temporal scaffolds, which mimic the extracellular matrix (ECM) and provide a stable structure for \"bone\" cells' (osteoblasts) natural growing process [2,4,5]. In this way, the organism could regenerate itself naturally as such platforms can significantly influence the cell behavior and, as a result, the whole osseointegration of the implants in the organism [2]. In order to provide these effective qualities, the temporary 3D multicomponent scaffolds should mimic the interconnected porous native environment of the cells, covering their needs of nutrients, migration, adhesion, and growth. Such scaffolds should also possess the characteristics of natural bone, such as strength, stability, resistance, and surface roughness, which are crucial for improving cell adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation [2, 3, 4, 5]. In order to achieve all these requirements, additional structuring of 3D scaffolds is needed. Femtosecond laser treatment is a non-invasive and fully biocompatible method, which perfectly fits with the idea of optimizing the bone-engineered scaffolds, as it successfully overcomes the limitations associated with traditional fabrication methods [6]. Ultra-fast laser modification allows the production of highly interconnected porous 3D platforms of one or more components, without adding any toxic components and changing biochemical properties of the matrix, while optimizing its surface topography [7, 8, 9]. Temporary platforms' composition of optimal materials is the other crucial factor for satisfying all bone cell proliferation requirements [2]. The excellent biocompatibility, biodegradability, and direct bond formation with the connective tissue [9, 10, 11, 12] of \(\beta\)-tricalcium phosphate (\(\beta\)-TCP; Ca\({}_{3}\)(PO\({}_{4}\))\({}_{2}\)) make it an attractive bioceramic for bone regeneration applications. [PERSON] et al. studied the \(\beta\)-TCP mechanism of degradation in bone and found that, after a few weeks of implantation, a new lamellar bone was formed at the contact surface between the \(\beta\)-TCP implant and surrounding osteoblasts [13]. It was consequently progressively absorbed in vivo by a cell-mediated process and replaced by newly formed bone tissue [14,15]. \(\beta\)-TCP is used in calcium orthophosphate porous scaffolds [16, 17, 18, 19] used as bone substitution bioceramics [20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29]. The large family of calcium orthophosphates as well as their structure, application, and characteristics are thoroughly discussed in the review of [PERSON] [30], where they are described as very promising tools for tissue engineering applications. The cell proliferation can be navigated in a particular direction by laser pre-treatment of the tissue-engineered matrix surface. In this way, the grooved by fs pulses surface channels the growth of future tissue in the desired direction.