## 1 Introduction
Due to susceptibility to lipid oxidation, it has been suggested that edible linseed oil could be encapsulated or supplemented with powders of edible flowers that increased oxidative stability and improved the quality parameters of oil [20]. Moreover, encapsulated oils broaden the applications in the food industry since they can be incorporated in various food products without altering their physicochemical properties while at the same time they improve their functional properties [21]. The high content of linseed oil in omega-3 fatty acids is also responsible for significant antioxidant, antimicrobial properties and various health effects [22], and according to [PERSON] et al. [23] linseed oil could be used in active packaging of food products and extend their shelf-life. Pumpkin or cucurbit seeds are highly appreciated for their health effects and increasing consumption trends are evidenced during the last few years [24]. Seeds are usually discarded during fruit processing, therefore finding new alternative uses may increase the added value of pumpkin crop in the circular economy context. However, there is a limited cultivation of pumpkins intended for seed production and applications in the food industry as confectionaries or consumed in raw of roasted form [25]. Moreover, seeds can be used for oil extraction which exhibits several beneficial health effects due to their content in bioactive compounds such as fatty acids, tocopherols, and phytosterols (mostly squalene) [26; 27]. However, extraction protocols and processing condition, as well as the genotype, may affect bioactive compounds content, and cold-pressing oils are considered of higher quality and nutritional value than thermal- or solvent-processed ones, despite the lower oil yields [28; 29; 30]. Moreover, among the various health effects seed oils also possess antimicrobial properties which may find practical application in the food and pharmaceutical industries, since they exhibit significant potency against various microbes [31; 32]. On the other hand, purslane is mostly appreciated for its edible leaves and stems which are among the richest plant sources of \(\alpha\)-linolenic acid [33]. Several health benefits have been attributed to purslane plant parts, including antioxidant, anticancer, hepatoprotective, and antimicrobial properties, among others [34; 35]. However, the aerial plant parts may also contain high amounts of oxalic acid which is an antinutritional factor and may have severe effects in individuals with kidney problems [36]. Seeds and seed oils are not so commonly used and recent research highlighted their valuable properties associated with the unique chemical composition, especially the fatty acids profile [8; 10], while they do not contain oxalic acid which enables their safe consumption [11; 37]. Among the studied species luffa is the least known and is commonly used for its spongy flesh as a natural sponge, while other suggested uses include oil removal from waste water and oil spills [38] and biofuel production [39]. Moreover, luffa seeds are considered a rich source of protein while seeds and seed oil are edible and possess a high nutritional value and bioactive properties [40; 41; 42]. Considering the importance of vegetable oils in the human diet and the lack of information regarding less conventional sources of oil, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the fatty acids composition and the antimicrobial and cytotoxic properties of vegetable oils obtained from purslane, pumpkin, luffa, and linsseed seeds.