## Materials and Methods
### Model Calibration and Validation  
Firstly, the GLM calibration method was performed. The procedure is schematically presented in Figure 1. The hydrological model with input data for the period from 1 Januar 1981 to 31 December 1991 and with known model parameters shown in the second column in Table 2 was calculated. For initial conditions, the model is expected to \"warm-up\" from 1 Januar 1981 to 30 October 1981. For the model, a computed value for the period from 1 October 1981 to 31 December 1991 was assumed. The calibration procedure was performed by using PEST (57) and PEST_HP programs (76) running parallel on twelve logical processors on a single laptop PC. The procedure is step-by-step described in the Supplementary Materials. The calibration was repeated using the CMA-ES procedure and with the same control files settings as GLM (Figure 1). \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c} \hline \hline
**Parameter Name** & **Unit 1** & **Description** \\ \hline PERC & mm/\(\Delta\)t & maximal flow from the upper to the lower box \\ UZL & mm & threshold parameter \\ K0 & 1/\(\Delta\)t & storage (or recession) coefficient 0 \\ K1 & 1/\(\Delta\)t & storage (or recession) coefficient 1 \\ K2 & 1/\(\Delta\)t & storage (or recession) coefficient 2 \\ MAXBAS & \(\Delta\)t & routing, length of the triangular weighting function \\ CET & 1/\({}^{\circ}\)C & potential evaporation correction factor \\ TT & \({}^{\circ}\)C & threshold temperature \\ CFMAX & mm/\(\Delta\)t & degree–\(\Delta\)t factor \\ SP & - & seasonal variability in degree–\(\Delta\)t factor \\ SFCF & - & snowfall correction factor \\ CFR & - & refreezing coefficient \\ CWH & - & water-holding capacity \\ FC & mm & maximum soil moisture storage \\ LP & - & the threshold for reduction of evaporation (SM/FC) \\ BETA & - & a parameter that determines the relative contribution to runoff \\  & & from rain or snowmelt \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular} 1  
\end{table} 
Table 1: List of parameters with their units and description. PEST is a suite of different programs for preparation, analysis, and control of calibration procedures and requires some knowledge and experience of this system. PEST programs require three types of support files (Figure 1): (1) parameter template files--one for each model input file that contains the parameters of variables that control the calibration; (2) instruction files--one file for each model output file from which the PEST must read the observed result numbers; and (3) one control file that provides the PEST with control parameters. The PEST control file includes the names of the relevant model input and output files, the operational mode like estimation or regularization, values of control variables, values of initial parameters, boundary ranges for each parameter, observed measurement values and weights. PEST runs Model, which executes the hydrological model and the necessary pre- and post-programs. The process is repeated until the criteria specified in the PEST control file are met. For more detailed procedures, see PEST instructions [62, 69]. The same HBV-Land model, as for the GLM calibration method, was used to calibrate the HBV-light model by the GAP method. With the GAP evolutionary method, the procedure was repeated 100 times to run the model 5000 times, and 1000 times additionally with [PERSON] local optimization [18, 70]. When running the GAP procedure 100 times, 100 different parameter data sets are computed, and then the appropriate set regarding the selected goodness-of-fit criteria in Table 3 is used. Moreover, the GAP procedure was repeated to run 100 times, but with only 13 parameters (GAP\({}_{13}\)). In this way,