esa-sceva/satcom-chunk-collection huggingface dataset:
## 4 Discussion
### Core Loss  
In different studies, the amount of core loss varied between roughly 2% [11; 10; 11; 12; 13; 14; 15% [4; 7], and sometimes even up to 55% [18]. In the current analysis, tissue type played an essential role in the number of expected core losses, as depicted in Figure 3. The higher numbers in the case of skin tissue might be due to the fact that skin tissue in Wistar rats is rather rigid and quite tough. Another study from 2017 had similar problems with the skin of swiss mice [10]. Insufficient quality of TMA slides of spleen parenchyma in about one third of all samples has been described in a previous study [10]. By contrast, in our analysis, only 0.9% (5/550) core loss was recorded for spleen parenchyma and no significant issues regarding the quality of punches were detected. The high number of core losses in the case of the renal parenchymal tissue is also notable. This could be due to small hollow spaces and fatty tissue in the renal calves, which may account for a rather inhomogeneous composition of the tissue blocks, possibly resulting in a lower frictional attachment of the core to the punching needle. Earlier studies have shown that there was a higher loss of cores if tumour tissue contained high amounts of fatty tissue [7]. In general, one may conclude that core loss varies between different soft tissue types. Skin tissue is more difficult to punch and cut, and a higher number of core losses should be expected. It is therefore advisable to obtain a higher number of cores from the donor block. In the current literature, there is no clear evidence for a significant correlation between core loss and the diameter of punches [22; 34; 35]. Three studies showed a lower amount of core loss with a diameter of 2.0 mm as compared to 1.0 [5; 21], and 0.6 mm diameters [19]. The opposite was found in a study with better results for a 1.0 mm diameter when compared to 1.5 or 0.6 mm [10]. In the present study, good results with 2 and 1.5 mm diameters were obtained. However, we did not aim to further investigate the correlation of core loss in association with the punching diameter and it would be necessary to compare the same type of tissue usingdifferent punching diameters which might be a subject for further investigation. The choice of the suitable punching diameter should be made by careful consideration of the targeted tissue and the expected distribution of each target histochemical marker in projects.
## 3 The VSWT-PMSG Control System
### Pitch Controller  
Figure 10 shows the model of the pitch controller for VSWT. The control loop of the pitch actuator is represented by a first-order transfer function with an actuator time constant (\(T_{s}=5\)) and the pitch rate limiter of 10\({}^{\circ}\)/s. A classical PI controller is used to manage tracking error. In VSWT the pitch controller is used to regulate rotational speed of PMSG under its rated value (1 pu).
## 3 Results and Discussion  
Figure 2 exhibits the MR imaging studies from both subjects in axial, sagittal and coronal views respectively. The maximum intensity projection is used for the MRA to better delineate the vessels. The imaging protocols inherently brighten grey and white matter in T1, cerebrospinal fluid space in T2, arteries in MRA, and veins in MRV. The scalp exhibits high intensity in both T1 and T2. The skull does not exhibit any signal in all imaging studies. Image registration was performed to compensate for the different resolution and slice settings in each imaging protocol. Figure 3 shows the registered and segmented results with red being arteries, dark blue being veins, dark grey for grey matter, light grey for white matter, light blue for cerebrospinal fluid space, white for skull, and flesh color for scalp. Figure 3 shows that the coregistration successfully aligned the different structures together.  
Figure 2: MRI images from two healthy subjects. T1 provides distinction of grey and white matter, skull and scalp. T2 provides cerebrospinal fluid space and contrast between gray and white matter. MRA enhances the intensity of vessels using flow phenomenon. The maximum intensity projection (MIP) provides better distinction of vasculature compared to the raw image. Due to the pulse sequence design, the brain tissue was removed from the MRV, showing only the signals from the vein.
# Maximizing the Capacity of Edge Networks with Multicasting
## 8 Simulation Results and Performance Evaluation  
### Simulation Scenarios  
This study converted the content transmission mode from unicasting to multicasting. This change to the transmission mode accelerated the edge network's response to multi-user content requests, especially for highly popular breaking content. Multicast transmission alleviates the problems of network congestion and resource shortage, etc. To illustrate the superiority of the proposed scheme, this study uses the classical multicast work on network capacity [19], as a benchmark, and the paper [25], one recent but representative study on content caching networks to make a performance evaluation. In addition, we use the real data-set MovieLens as the data source to make the study as realistic as possible. This data-set contains a total of 100,000 rating records [37]. The scores of each file were summed and the normalized value was used as the file's requested probability. Based on the normalized requested probability, the top 5000 files are selected as samples.  
Table 1 shows the initial values of some key parameters used in the simulation. The following comparative tests were based on these experimental values.
## 3 Results and Discussions
### Workability
#### 3.1.2 Influence of Molarity of NaOH Solution  
As illustrated in Table 4, the mixes of group B were prepared with 12 M and 14 M molarity NaOH solution in comparison with group A mixes of 10 M. It can be observed from the Figure 9 that group A mixes exhibited higher slump values as compared to the respective mixes of group B. The slump values of 10 M mixes in group A are in the range of 90-130 mm, while the slump values of 12 M and 14 M mixes vary from 30-80 mm. The workability of the mixes was decreased by increasing the concentration of NaOH solution.  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c c c c c c c c} \hline \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**Group**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**Mix**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**Mix**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**Mix**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**Slump**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**(mm)**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**3**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**(mm)**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**3**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**7**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**14**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**28**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**56**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**90**} \\  & & & & & & & & & & & & & & \\  & **No.** & **ID** & **SG:** & **Akaline** & **SS/SH** & **M** & & & & & & & \\  & **FA** & **Content** & **Ratio** & & & & & & & & & \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{A} & 1 & A1-S10 & 10:90 & 40\% & 2 & 10 & 130 & 5 & 12 & 16 & 20 & 23 & 25 \\  & 2 & A2-S20 & 20:80 & 40\% & 2 & 10 & 120 & 11 & 22 & 32 & 40 & 43 & 45 \\  & 3 & A3-S30 & 30:70 & 40\% & 2 & 10 & 100 & 15 & 32 & 45 & 54 & 58 & 62 \\  & 4 & A4-S50 & 50:50 & 40\% & 2 & 10 & 90 & 20 & 42 & 55 & 61 & 64 & 69 The lower slump values of the mixes can be attributed to the increased viscous nature of the mix solution due to higher molarity; this, consequently, resulted in stickier and less workable concrete [34,35]. Furthermore, the increase in NaOH solution concentration led to rapid solidification of the mix due to quick reaction of calcium present in the FA and slag, thus causing a decrease in the slump values of the mix [36,37].  
However, the influence of NaOH solution concentration was not uniform for different slag replacement levels. The slump values of the 12 M mix B1-S20 (80 mm) and 14 M mix B3-S20 (60 mm) were decreased by 33% and 50% respectively as compared to 10 M mix A2-S20 (120 mm) for the same slag replacement level of 20%. For 30% slag replacement level, the slump value of 12 M mix B2-S30 (45 mm) and 14 M mix B4-S30 (30 mm) was reduced by 55% and 70% respectively, compared to the 10 M mix A3-S30 (100 mm). Therefore, it can be inferred that the influence of NaOH solution concentration was pronounced for the mixes with higher slag content.
## 3 Results and Discussion
Finally, the detection sensitivity of the Cu-ETTC MOF sheet for glutathione was analyzed using a larger instrument voltage. As shown in Figure 7, the MOF sheet has a high detection sensitivity for glutathione and still has an obvious linear relationship at the amount of 10\({}^{-9}\) M, where the relevant linear regression equations are \(y=455.57+4.549x\) and \(y=162.9+32.59x\). Although the Cu-ETTC MOF sheet can detect glutathione sensitively, considering the matching relationship between glutathione and the MOF sheet, this detection method, which enhances fluorescence by reducing the intermolecular LMCT process, has certain limitations in the linear range of detection. In addition, the use of a high voltage and low concentration makes the Cu-ETTC MOF sheet generate a certain fluorescence signal-to-noise ratio, and the obtained signal has a large fluctuation. Overall, the utilization of electron donors to reduce the LMCT process in MOF structures is a feasible method and has high sensitivity in molecular detection applications. However,  
Figure 5: (**a**) Histogram of fluorescence intensity and (**b**) peak-axis location distribution generated using the reaction of a variety of the above molecules with the MOF sheet. (**c**) Fluorescence intensity curves obtained by interaction of citric acid and L(+)-ascorbic acid with the MOF sheet. (**d**) Corresponding molecular structure. many molecules have electron-donor effects, which makes the MOF less advantageous in terms of detection specificity. Every coin has two sides, but the Cu-ETTC MOF sheet has detection sensitivity for a variety of electron-donating molecules, which makes it suitable for a wide range of applications. Figure 6: (**a**) Fluorescence intensity curves obtained by interaction of glutathione (125 \(\upmu\)mol/L) with Cu-ETTC (3.13 \(\upmu\)mol/L) under different voltage conditions of the instrument. (**b**) Fluorescence intensity curves obtained by interaction of glutathione (125 \(\upmu\)mol/L) with different Cu-ETTC sheets at 375 V. (**c**) Correlation linearity of Cu-ETTC with different concentrations. Figure 7: (**a**) Fluorescence intensity curves and (**c**) correlation linearity obtained by interaction of the Cu-ETTC MOF sheet (50 nmol/L) with different glutathione concentrations at 950 V. (**b**) Fluorescence intensity curves and (**d**) correlation linearity obtained by interaction of the Cu-ETTC MOF sheet (5 nmol/L) with different glutathione concentrations at 950 V.
# Influence of Phosphogypsum Dump on the Soil Ecosystem in the Sumy region (Ukraine)
## 3 Results and Discussion  
### Phosphogypsum Characterization  
Powder X-ray diffraction was used to characterize the phosphogypsum samples. The diffraction pattern of the representative sample is shown in Figure 5. All samples from different horizons (terraces I-IV) exhibited an almost identical composition, excluding the quartz (SiO\({}_{2}\)) presence in the sample from the second terrace. The results confirmed the major presence of calcium sulphate dihydrate (CaSO\({}_{4}\cdot\)2H\({}_{2}\)O) together with brushite (CaPO\({}_{3}\)(OH)\(\cdot\)2H\({}_{2}\)O). As mentioned above, silicon oxide (SiO\({}_{2}\)) was also present. The dehydrate or hemihydrate phase of sulphate is missing, so it can be stated that the samples from all horizons were completely hydrated.  
X-ray fluorescence analysis of the samples from all horizons of the phosphogypsum dump was also performed. The overall results are listed in the Table 2. The results of the analyses support the statements based on X-ray diffraction, thus the samples exhibit relatively identical composition and the presence of silicon oxide in the second horizon is several times higher than in the other three horizons, which is probably caused by inflation of soil particles.  
The largest amount of strontium was found in raw phosphogypsum from terrace 1, which had just entered production. Its presence is associated with the process of production of phosphoric acid,  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Sample** & **Al\({}_{2}\)O\({}_{3}\)** & **SiO\({}_{2}\)** & **P\({}_{2}\)O\({}_{5}\)** & **SO\({}_{3}\)** & **CaO** & **Fe\({}_{2}\)O\({}_{3}\)** & **SrO** & **F** \\ \hline
**1. Terrace** & \(<\)0.004 & 1.54 & 0.78 & 60.9 & 34.37 & 0.257 & 1.782 & 0.56 \\
**2. Terrace** & 0.167 & 19.87 & 0.31 & 51.8 & 27.63 & 0.078 & 0.059 & 0.21 \\
**3. Terrace** & \(<\)0.004 & 2.68 & 1.19 & 60.5 & 35.46 & \(<\)0.0009 & 0.112 & 0.9 \\
**4. Terrace** & \(<\)0.004 & 1.23 & 0.72 & 61.7 & 35.99 & 0.183 & 0.123 & 1.33 \\
**5. Fresh** & \(<\)0.004 & 2.59 & 1.28 & 60.2 & 35.75 & \(<\)0.0009 & 0.112 & 0.66 \\
**6. Internal** & \(<\)0.004 & 1.22 & 0.7 & 61.5 & 36.39 & 0.023 & 0.093 & 2.27 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}
Table 2: Composition of phosphogypsum in terms of oxides (%).  
Figure 5: The X-ray diffraction pattern of phosphogypsum (sampling point 1, terrace I).  
and more precisely, with raw materials (phosphorites). Changes in the quality of raw materials affect the change in the content of impurities in phosphogypsum, particularly strontium.
## 5 Discussion on Potential Applications of the Data Products
### Surface Characterization Using Coherence of the Reflected Signal
The complex waveforms generated from these raw IF data can be used to demonstrate the application of inland water detection, and can also facilitate the development and validation of the HydroGNSS baseline inundation processor. The user can set the target region in the function _Find_RawIF_Track_ to find and download the complex waveforms data files in these regions.
## 4 Conclusions  
1. The simulated compressive strength and capillary porosity using the cement slurry hydration kinetics model established on HYMOSTRUC3D demonstrated a good agreement with the experimentally measured data, where the relative errors between the simulated results and measured results are within 0.6%-10.7% and 13.04-25.31% respectively.
2. With the increase in the _w/c_ ratio, the volume content of hydration products and the compressive strength decreases, while the volume of pores and capillary porosity increases.  
Figure 12: Microstructure of cement stone using SEM: (**a**) _w/c_ = 0.40, 1 day; (**b**) _w/c_ = 0.44, 1 day; (**c**) _w/c_ = 0.50, 1 day; (**d**) _w/c_ = 0.50, 7 days.  
3. The compressive strength of cement stone is negatively correlated with capillary porosity. Capillary porosity is the main factor affecting the compressive strength of cement stone. In the well cementing industry, a lower _w/c_ ratio should be selected as far as possible to prepare cement slurry and thus improve the early mechanical properties of the cement sheath.
4. The mathematical relationship between the measured capillary porosity and compressive strength of cement slurry is well fitted by the Balshin function (R\({}^{2}\) = 0.95), [PERSON] function (R\({}^{2}\) = 0.94), Schiller function (R\({}^{2}\) = 0.96), and the linear function (R\({}^{2}\) = 0.95). Those mathematical functions can be used to characterize and predict the quantitative relationship between the compressive strength and capillary porosity of cement stone. Those findings have a certain application prospect in the fields of well cementing, meanwhile, it can help to improve the accuracy of the model established on HYMOSTRUC3D.
5. The effects of the _w/c_ ratio should be considered in building a broader mathematical function of the _w/c_ ratio, porosity, and compressive strength.  
Conceptualization, S.Z. and T.L.; methodology, S.Z. and G.J.; software, S.Z. and P.G.; validation, S.Z., T.L., L.L., and P.G.; investigation, S.Z. and T.L.; resources, Y.F.; data curation, S.Z.; writing--original draft preparation, S.Z. and T.L.; writing--review and editing, S.Z., T.L., C.F., and B.Q.; visualization, S.Z. and L.L.; supervision, T.L.; project administration, T.L. and G.J. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.  
This work was financially supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China [Grant No. 2016 YFE0204300], the National Natural Science Foundation of China [Grant No. 42072343].  
Not applicable.  
The data presented in this study are available on request from the corresponding author.  
The authors thank the anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments, the editor for handling the paper, and the authors of their references.  
The authors declare no conflict of interest.
###### Abstract  
Daily conversations contain rich emotional information, and identifying this emotional information has become a hot task in the field of natural language processing. The traditional dialogue sentiment analysis method studies one-to-one dialogues and cannot be effectively applied to multi-speaker dialogues. This paper focuses on the relationship between participants in a multi-speaker conversation and analyzes the influence of each speaker on the emotion of the whole conversation. We summarize the challenges of emotion recognition work in multi-speaker dialogue, focusing on the context-topic switching problem caused by multi-speaker dialogue due to its free flow of topics. For this challenge, this paper proposes a graph network that combines syntactic structure and topic information. A syntax module is designed to convert sentences into graphs, using edges to represent dependencies between words, solving the colloquial problem of daily conversations. We use graph convolutional networks to extract the implicit meaning of discourse. In addition, we focus on the impact of topic information on sentiment, so we design a topic module to optimize the topic extraction and classification of sentences by VAE. Then, we use the combination of attention mechanism and syntactic structure to strengthen the model's ability to analyze sentences. In addition, the topic segmentation technology is adopted to solve the long-term dependencies problem, and a heterogeneous graph is used to model the dialogue. The nodes of the graph combine speaker information and utterance information. Aiming at the interaction relationship between the subject and the object of the dialogue, different edge types are used to represent different interaction relationships, and different weights are assigned to them. The experimental results of our work on multiple public datasets show that the new model outperforms several other alternative methods in sentiment label classification results. In the multi-person dialogue dataset, the classification accuracy is increased by more than 4%, which verifies the effectiveness of constructing heterogeneous dialogue graphs.  
emotion recognition; multi-speaker conversation; textual dialogue; natural language processing 22 February 2023  
2023
# Properties and Model of Pore-Scale Methane Displacing Water in Hydrate-Bearing Sediments
## 1 Introduction
's [19] deep-sea bubble migration model was developed to study the main factors  
Figure 1: Hydrate mining and pore-scale two-phase flow characterization. affecting bubble motion under variable pressure conditions during hydrate decomposition. A mathematical relationship between bubble size change and drag coefficient was established. [PERSON] et al. 's [20] numerical simulation of two-phase flow was conducted on a two-dimensional pore scale using a multicomponent lattice Boltzmann model (LBM) to compute the variations in pressure and velocity fields during the two-phase repulsion process. The study aimed to explore the relationship between the dominant flow path and the distribution of pore-throat sizes, as well as to elucidate how the non-uniformity of pore shapes affects flow capacity. [PERSON] et al. [21] studied the two-phase repulsion process dominated by capillary forces in porous media, analyzed the degree of sensitivity of the repulsion mode to wettability and the geometric structure of porous media, investigated the influencing factors of the repulsion interface instability, and established the rule governing the change of the dominant path of the repulsion phase. Accurately characterizing the structure of hydrate deposits is essential for studying the two-phase flow of methane and water. [PERSON] et al. 's [22] splicing method was developed to characterize the full-size pore-size distribution (PSD) and throat-size distribution (TSD) structures. The effect of the cross-scale inhomogeneity of the reservoir structure on the two-phase flow was assessed. It was found that the more concentrated the full-size pore-size distribution (PSD), the greater the hydraulic conductivity of the reservoir. [PERSON] et al. [23] simulated the transport characteristics of the gas-liquid repellent interface using the level set method and performed calculations in the finite element software COMSOL Multiphysics5.6 to investigate the impact of the pore-throat ratio on the shape, location, and repellent efficiency of the water-gas interface. In this paper, we develop a nonhomogeneous pore model using a stochastic algorithm and employ the finite element method to analyze the flow characteristics of methane decomposed from hydrates in a saturated water environment. The aim is to investigate the distribution patterns of the effective flow channel for gas-phase drive-off at the pore scale, the factors affecting the time of the tail breakthrough, and the rule of change of the bound water. Providing strong theoretical and technical support is essential for conducting an in-depth study of reservoir conductivity and gas recovery rate during hydrate aquifer mining.