## 1 Introduction
They termed this the \"HI-BIM\" system, intending to reuse design-phase products for road structures in the construction phase using IFC [13]. Nevertheless, it could not achieve the expected results for various reasons: first, no IFC supports road structures; and, second, no specific road BIM execution plan exists. The HI-BIM system offered only some quantity-related estimation, which was derived merely from the shape models using BIM authoring software. In particular, the current situation of civil infrastructure information modeling technology can be termed as the \"chasm\", as suggested by [PERSON] [14] in the theory of the diffusion of innovations [15], or the phase immediately before or after the \"trough of disillusionment\", according to [PERSON]'s Hype Cycle [16] representing the maturity, adoption, and social application of specific technologies. [PERSON] et al. [17] highlighted that the architecture, engineering, and construction (AEC) industry should build a system that obtains a standardized, valid outcome, and that can provide a visualized result of improved work efficiency to overcome the chasm faster. From the perspective of BIM, it can be said that generating an information model based on a standardized data schema is one method for creating a model in a structured and valid form. In other words, BIM data schema promotes the stabilization of technology in terms of new technology introduction, and becomes the basis for storing, discerning, and approaching information in terms of its re-usage. [PERSON] and [PERSON] [18] and [PERSON] [19] suggested that the criteria for a good BIM schema are: (1) inclusion of all information about facilities; (2) coverage of all information needed by all stakeholders in all project phases; (3) non-redundancy; (4) software-independence; and (5) format-independence. Criterion (5) can be achieved with an open data schema for the generation of the information model, and Criterion (3) is related to the development of the data schema. Criteria (1) and (2) are directly related to the facility. Criterion (4) is a condition that can be satisfied using the IFC. However, elements for bridge structures have not been included in IFC since its very first release through IFC4. From an extrinsic point of view, IFC entities that represent building components, such as _IfColumn_ and _IfGeam_, could be used as is to represent the bridge model. However, from an intrinsic perspective, certain elements are unique to bridge structures; they are not found in buildings. This implies that it is impossible to represent the functional semantic meaning of each bridge component even if a bridge model is generated using BIM authoring software and is converted to an IFC file, as noted by [PERSON] and [PERSON]'s research [20]. It is difficult to consider that these aspects are interoperable and software-independent. That is, to improve the usability of the bridge information model, functional semantic meanings suitable for each model component should be maintained along with a corresponding 3D model object that can be visually recognized by the end-user. In addition, based on these functional meanings, extraction of the objects and retrieval of information should be possible in a software-independent manner. The motivation for our research is based on the need for a method that can control not only the 3D geometric information but also non-geometric attributes for an open standard-based bridge information model at present. Since the concept of the information model itself is supposed to include non-geometric information, the authors recognized the need to set up parameters for the end-user to access non-geometric information. The authors concluded that setting the parameters or unique identifiers using the functional meanings of the bridge components is consistent with the IFC concept. In this study, therefore, we propose a method to improve the usability of the IFC data schema-based bridge information model using the functional meaning of the bridge components.