# Fuzzy Comprehensive Evaluation of Pilot Cadets' Flight Performance Based on G1 Method
## 2 Flight Performance Evaluation Index System for Pilot Cadets
### Flight Performance Evaluation Index System  
The selection of evaluation indicators is a crucial step in the evaluation of flight performance, as it directly affects the evaluation results of the pilot performance. In traffic pattern flight, the pilot cadet follows the training manual for flight operations, and each flight phase has corresponding operational requirements. The pilot cadet's performance can be intuitively reflected by the relevant flight parameters [32]. The selected indicators should reflect the accuracy of the pilot cadet's control of the aircraft during the traffic pattern flight, and achieve comprehensive monitoring. By considering the importance of various flight parameters and their practical value in flight performance evaluations, and based on the characteristics of flight tasks in various phases and the training manual, the evaluation indicators were selected. According to the principles of systematicity, scientific quality, comparability, and practicability [33], the pilot cadet's flight performance can be reflected by the control of the aircraft's energy, flight attitude, flight trajectory during different flight phases in the traffic pattern flight. Therefore, based on the pilot cadet's control over the aircraft's energy, flight attitude, flight trajectory, a preliminary selection of evaluation indicators for the pilot cadet's flight performance was made. In terms of flight energy control, the pilot cadet's assessment is based on parameters such as altitude, speed, and load factor. In terms of flight attitude control, the pilot cadet's assessment is based on parameters such as pitch angle and bank angle. For flight trajectory control, the pilot cadet's assessment is mainly based on trajectory parameters. Thus, for the flight energy control of the pilot cadet, nine evaluation indicators were selected, including altitude deviation in crosswind turn, altitude deviation in downwind, altitude deviation in runway threshold, rotation speed, maximum climb rate in upwind, maximum descent rate in approach, touchdown rate, touchdown overload, maximum flight overload. For the flight attitude control of the pilot, six evaluation indicators were selected, including maximum pitch angle in upwind, maximum pitch angle in final, maximum bank in crosswind turn, maximum bank in downwind turn, maximum bank in turning base, maximum bank in turning final. For the flight trajectory control of the pilot, six evaluation indicators were selected, including track deviation in upwind, track deviation in crosswind, track deviation in downwind, track deviation in approach, touchdown deviation, and taxing deviation. Based on the characteristics of flight tasks in different phases and the flight training manual, this study provisionally identified 21 evaluation indicators for evaluating the flight performance of pilot cadets. To make the indicators more rational and scientific, the Delphi method was used to interview 168 flight school instructors, airline captains, instructors, experts and academics in the field of pilot training. After two rounds of expert interviews, 90.5% of the initially selected indicators were established as the evaluation criteria for the traffic pattern flight performance of the pilot cadet. The statistics of the experts including numbers and percentages for the interviews are shown in Table 1. The statistics for the Delphi questionnaires are presented in Table 2. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c} \hline
**Expert** & **Number** & **Percentage** \\ \hline Flight instructor from flight school & 28 & 16.7\% \\ Flight instructor from airlines & 25 & 14.9\% \\ Captain & 83 & 49.4\% \\ Experts and scholars & 32 & 19.0\% \\ Total & 168 & 100\% \\ \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 1: The statistics of experts.