# Authentication of a Stradivarius \"Petite Violin\" Type from 1723
## 4 Conclusions  
Based on the analyses conducted on this violin, a series of special artistic and scientific conclusions emerge. The violin is a 1723 small Stradivarius (1/2) model which was built by an Italian luthier (possibly one of the two sons of [PERSON]) and is a replica of the [PERSON] violins from 1721-1729. The leucometric characteristics of the label and the patina inside the resonance box are the basic elements that confirm the age of approx. 300 years. Through UV reflectography, the presence of gypsum, egg white and rosin was established in the preparation; the presence of these substances is a relevant aspect in the authentication of the violin. It has an old paper label on which the inscription is printed in black ink on two lines: \"_[PERSON]/Faciebat Anno 1723_\", without the copyright logo. The label is not in a border and has evenly cut sides. The paper support of the label has the patina of age with the degree of apparent whiteness corresponding to an age of over 300 years, and the printing ink is slightly embrittleled, which demonstrates that the \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{l l l l l} \hline \hline  & **Characteristic** & **Actual Value** & **Reference Value** & **Evolution Rate (/year)** \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{**Archaeometric**} & The penetration gradient of the & & & \\  & oxidatively fouled dirt in the & 0.6–2.5 & 0.0–0.0 & \(\sim\)5 \(\times\) 10\({}^{-3}\) \\  & volume phase of the varnish (\(\upmu\)m) & & & \\ \cline{2-4}  & Cellulose crystallinity index & 1.17 & 1.384 & \(\sim\)7 \(\times\) 10\({}^{-4}\) \\ \cline{2-4}  & Degree of lateral ordering & 1.12 & 1.184 & \(\sim\)2 \(\times\) 10\({}^{-4}\) \\ \cline{2-4}  & The intensity of hydrogen bonds & 0.94 & 1.063 & \(\sim\)4 \(\times\) 10\({}^{-4}\) \\ \cline{2-4}  & Ash concentration (\%) & 1.21 & 0.58 & \(\sim\)2 \(\times\) 10\({}^{-3}\) \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{**Chemometric**} & C/O for wood & 0.713 & 0.801 & \(\sim\)3 \(\times\) 10\({}^{-4}\) \\ \cline{2-4}  & Al/K for wooden album & 0.750 & 0.692 & \(\sim\)2 \(\times\) 10\({}^{-4}\) \\ \cline{2-4}  & C/S for the preparation under & & & \\ \cline{1-1}  & the varnish & 47.00 & 51.00 & \(\sim\)1.3 \(\times\) 10\({}^{-2}\) \\ \cline{1-1} \cline{2-4}  & C/O for varnish & 1.08 & 0.650 & \(\sim\)1.4 \(\times\) 10\({}^{-3}\) \\ \cline{1-1} \cline{2-4}  & Al/Si from the dirt layer on & & & \\ \cline{1-1}  & the varnish & 0.5582 & 0.00 & \(\sim\)1.9 \(\times\) 10\({}^{-3}\) \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 2: Archaeometric and chemometric data for the wood sample. binder degraded slowly; it shows slight traces of cracking and expansion without traces of microbiological contamination [30,59]. The ribs, which are six in number (two for the small loop, two for the middle loop and two for the large loop), are made of maple wood and have the same width around the entire perimeter of the violin. According to the patina, it is the age of the front and back ribs board; it seems that the inner joint cord was made when the box was resealed (Interwar Period). When the two boards were mounted, blocks were used at the ends. Between them and the corners, a cord-type band, which is made of flexible wood, was fixed in the blocks and corners by splicing or gluing. All the elements are more recent than the front board, the verso and the ribs. The filled inlays are uniform and equidistant from the edges; they have very thin and flexible veneer inlays, which are darker in color and are narrow, equidistant and 3 mm from the edge, which is similar to all Stradivarius violins (the inlay of the front headboard is of the same age as the stand). The neck and scroll were made from maple wood, and the dimensions correspond to a 1723 Stradivarius violin. The pegs are missing, as are the tailpiece and chinrest; the violin retains only the button or cord spur. The distance between the pegs corresponds to a 1723 Stradivari violin. The fingerboard is original and is made of ebony, which is similar to the tailpiece; the fingerboard is longitudinally fractured and is missing material.