## 1 Introduction
However, the higher costs coupled with CAD/CAM technology can be easily compensated for by reducing the operating time and adequate rehabilitation. [PERSON] et al. [22] also documented a report of sizeable mandibular tumor removal and reconstruction of the deformity using a personalized 3D-printed titanium implant. The analysis provided impressive functional and aesthetic postoperative outcomes without serious side effects. As per the researcher, titanium implants represented an optimal alloplastic material for mandibular reconstruction since they were versatile, bioinert, impervious, and easily workable, particularly with the aid of 3D digital planning tools. An integrated two-phase strategy was developed by [PERSON] et al. [23] for the segmentation of cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). They firstly executed an automatic segmentation of bone geometries with super-voxels, permitting a reasonable graph estimate of the 3D data. A user-placed seed operation, then directed a graph partitioning algorithm, which divided the extracted bones into mandible and cranium. The exploration of the algorithm led to a precise segmentation and was resilient to parameter variations. The segmentation of the mandible in computer tomography (CT) scans is greatly affected by metal objects such as dental filling materials and by substantial variations in shape and size between patients. To resolve these challenges, [PERSON] et al. [24] implemented an automated mandibular segmentation approach in CT scansthat identified the spectrum of anatomical forms across multiple planes. The mechanism relied on the architecture of the convolution neural network and then merged the resultant two-dimensional (2D) segmentations from three orthogonal planes into a 3D segmentation. Restoration of maxillary defects following tumor removal is a complex process owing to anatomical and functional complications, and autografts along with fixation plates are amongst the most frequently used methods. The disadvantage of this standard approach is the fairly prolonged time required in manipulating the plate during the process, which not only increases the surgical time but also induces metal fatigue in the plate. The vulnerability of the conventional fixation plates was resolved by [PERSON] et al. [25], who fused stereolithography with mirror reconstruction through the projection of the unaffected side onto the affected side. Mirroring is one of the most widely used reconstruction techniques, and several research studies proved that the mirror technique successfully restored the facial symmetry [26; 27]. [PERSON] et al. [28] also consolidated the mirror restoration method with selective laser sintering for bimaxillary surgery and mandibular reconstruction. The concerned patient reported the capabilities of 3D CAD/CAM technologies in improving surgical results for cranio-maxillofacial reconstruction. Mirror restoration is among the extensively used procedures of 3D reconstruction in medical applications where the impaired section is substituted by a healthy symmetrical region [29]. However, the technique of cavity-filled reconstruction is a new or perhaps uncommon approach where the bone cavity is filled with mass to create a solid bone portion. Since, implant fitting has always depended on the reconstructed area, the accuracy assessment of the restored region is mandatory. This implies that, with better accuracy or placement of the implant, the overall aesthetics of the facial anatomy would improve. The primary goal of this work was to assess the effectiveness of the cavity-filled approach in terms of implant fitting accuracy. It also aimed to compare the performance of the cavity-filled technique with respect to the mirror reconstruction method. For statistical inference, two hypotheses were tested in this work: the null hypothesis of no effect and the alternative hypothesis of an effect [30; 31]. The null hypothesis included that there was no difference in the accuracy of the two reconstruction techniques.