## 5 Simulation and Validation
Although the proposed filter consumes more power compared with a few other designs, the power consumption of the filter can be reduced by redesigning the VD-EXCCII at low supply voltage and reduced bias currents. Figure 6:8 CM SIMO configuration: total harmonic distortion of CM-BP. Figure 6:9 CM SIMO configuration: (**a**) frequency responses and (**b**) quality factor tuning for different resistor values in BP filter. \begin{table} \begin{tabular}{|c|c c c c c c c c c c c c|} \hline \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**Reference**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**ABBs**} & \multirow{2}{*}{\begin{tabular}{c} **Can** \\ **Components** \\ **Moders** \\ \end{tabular} } & \begin{tabular}{c} **Can** \\ **All Five** \\ **Moders** \\ \end{tabular} & \begin{tabular}{c} **Inbuilt** \\ **Class BP Con.** \\ **Platform** \\ \end{tabular} & \begin{tabular}{c} **Can SP Con.** \\ **Platform** \\ \end{tabular} & \begin{tabular}{c} **Technology** \\ **Generation** \\ **Components** \\ \end{tabular} & \begin{tabular}{c} **Frequency of** \\ **Components** \\ **Components** \\ **Spanish** \\ **Voltage** \\ \end{tabular} & \begin{tabular}{c} **Power Con.** \\ **Components** \\ **Voltage** \\ \end{tabular} & \begin{tabular}{c} **Supply** \\ **Voltage** \\ **Double input** \\ \end{tabular} & \
\begin{tabular}{c} **Methined** \\ **Outlined** \\ **Matching** \\ \end{tabular} &
\begin{tabular}{c} **Passive** \\ **Components** \\ **Platform** \\ \end{tabular} \\ \hline
[14] & FDCCII & 5 & No & No & No & NA & 0.25 um & 3.316 MHz & NA & \(\pm\)1.25 V & No & Yes & Yes \\
[25] & FDCCII & 4 & No & No & NA & 0.18 um & 10.3 MHz & NA & \(\pm\)0.9 V & No & No & No \\
[27] & CDCA & 5 & No & No & NA & 0.25 um & 12.27 MHz & NA & \(\pm\)1.25 V & Yes & Yes & Yes \\
[40] & MCCTA & 2 & Yes & Yes & less than 3.05 um & 12.02 MHz & NA & \(\pm\)1.25 V & No & Yes & Yes \\
[47] & EX-CCII & 3 & No & Yes & less than 2.5 & 0.18 um & 29.9 MHz & 1.35 mW & \(\pm\)0.5 V & Yes & Yes & No \\
[48] & CDBA & 5 & No & No & NA & AD844 model & 3 MHz & NA & \(\pm\)5 V & - & No & Yes \\ Proposed & VD-EXCCII & 5 & Yes & Yes & less than 1.5 & 0.18 mm & 8.684 MHz & 5.76 mW & \(\pm\)1.25 V & No & Yes & No \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}  Note: “_N_’Not available: “_’Not applicable. Filter Realization Using Macro Models of Commercially Available Integrated Circuits AD844 and LMI3700  
The proposed VD-EXCCII can be easily realized by commercially available ICs, the current feedback amplifier (AD844) and OTA (LM13700). The VD-EXCCII and the proposed filter circuit are realized using the PSpice macro model of the ICs to further test the feasibility of the proposed filter circuit. The setup for realizing the VD-EXCCII and the VM filter circuit depicted in Figure 3 is presented in Figure 24.  
The OTA transconductance is fixed at 2 mS by selecting +\(V_{C}\) = 10 V and \(R_{\text{Bias}}\) = 178.6 k\(\Omega\). The capacitors are selected equal to 1 nF and the resistors values are fixed as \(R_{1}~{}=~{}1\) k\(\Omega\) and \(R_{2}~{}=~{}500~{}\Omega\), resulting in \(f_{0}\) = 225 kHz and \(Q=0.707\). The AC analysis results of the filter are presented in Figure 25. The measured frequency is found to be 220.4 kHz, which translates into 2% error. A time domain analysis is also carried out for the VM-BP configuration. A sinusoidal signal of 40 mV\({}_{\text{P-P}}\) at the 225 kHz frequency is applied at the input of the filter and the corresponding BP output is analyzed as shown in Figure 26, which establishes the correct functioning of the filter. Figure 24: Scheme for the implementation of the VM filter depicted in Figure 3 using commercially available ICs. Figure 25: VM responses of the filter: (**a**) frequency responses of the LP, BP, HP and BR filter and (**b**) gain and phase responses of the AP filter.