# A Study on the Development of Tourist Support System Using ICT and Psychological Effects
## 5 Providing Information Based on Prospect Theory
### Modification of Prospect Theory  
In this subsection, we explain the formula for evaluating the value of information based on the modified Prospect Theory. \[U=\sum_{i=1}^{n}W_{i}\cdot V(\Delta I_{i}) \tag{1}\]  
\[V(\Delta I_{i})=\left\{ \begin{array}{l}\Delta I_{i}^{a},\Delta I_{i}\geq 0\\ -\lambda(-\Delta I_{i})^{\beta},\Delta I_{i}<0\end{array} \right. \tag{2}\]  
\[\Delta I_{i}=I_{i}-I_{0} \tag{3}\]  
\[\left[a_{ij}\right]=\frac{W_{i}}{W_{j}} \tag{4}\] \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{l l} \hline
**Level of Needs** & **Contents** \\ \hline (1) Biological and physiological needs & Sweets \\  & Restaurant \\ \hline (3) Love and belongingness needs & Post office \\  & Souvenier \\ \hline (5) Cognitive needs & Musium \\  & Information center \\  & Event/Attraction \\ \hline (6) Aesthetic needs & Nature/Scenery \\  & History/Culture \\  & Landmark \\ \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 3: Classification of information based on the idea of [PERSON]’s hierarchy of needs. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{l l} \hline
**Category** & **Value Factors** \\ \hline (1) Biological and physiological needs & Interest, Rarity, Environment, Location \\ (3) Love and belongingness needs & Interest, Rarity, Location \\ (5) Cognitive needs & Interest, Complexity, Rarity \\ (6) Aesthetic needs & Interest, Rarity, Attraction \\ \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 4: Category and value factors. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{l l l l l l l} \hline
**Name of** & **Explanation** & **Maslow’s Hierarchy** & **Category of** & & & **Value Factors** \\
**Information** & & **of Needs** & **Information** & & & **Rarity** & **Attraction** & **Interest** \\ \hline \hline JR Nikko Station & History & Aesthetic & Landmark & 3 & 2 & Set by user \\ \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 5: Details of sightseeing information. \[A\left[ \begin{array}{c}W_{1}\\ W_{2}\\ \ldots\\ W_{n}\end{array} \right]=\left[ \begin{array}{cccc}\frac{W_{1}}{W_{1}}&\frac{W_{ 1}}{W_{1}}&\ldots&\frac{W_{n}}{W_{n}}\\ \frac{W_{1}}{W_{1}}&\frac{W_{2}}{W_{2}}&\ldots&\frac{W_{n}}{W_{n}}\\ \ldots\\ \frac{W_{n}}{W_{1}}&\frac{W_{n}}{W_{2}}&\ldots&\frac{W_{n}}{W_{n}}\end{array}  \right]\times\left[ \begin{array}{c}W_{1}\\ W_{2}\\ \ldots\\ W_{n}\end{array} \right]\]  
\[=n\left[ \begin{array}{c}W_{1}\\ W_{2}\\ \ldots\\ W_{n}\end{array} \right] \tag{5}\]  
Formula (1) is used to calculate the value of information based on the Prospect Theory. The meaning of each parameter is as follows. * \(U:\) Utility (=overall value)
* \(W_{i}:\) Probability weighting function
* \(I_{i}:\) Value factor
* \(V(\Delta I_{i}):\) Value function  
Value function \(V(\Delta I_{i})\) is defined as Formula (2), where \(\alpha=\beta=0.88,\lambda=2.25\) as described in [53]. \(\Delta I_{i}\) in (1) and (2) is a value between the current value and the value of the reference point. Using this parameter, we tried to control the change of value according to the situation. There are several ways to calculate the probability weighting function \(W_{i}\). We used the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) to calculate value factors [55] because it is possible to use the structure of the information value. AHP can be used to determine the importance between the whole and items from a paired comparison using the ratio of importance of each evaluation item. This is shown in Formula (4), where \(W\) is the importance of information and \(i,j\) are the numbers relating to value factors. Paired comparison matrix A = \([a_{ij}]\) is shown in Formula (5), \(n\) is the eigenvalue of matrix \(A\). By finding the eigenvector for the maximum eigenvalue, the probability of each value factor \(W_{i}\) can be calculated, and the value U of sightseeing information can be calculated. A reference point is set to each category that is classified by using [PERSON]'s hierarchy of needs. As explained in Figure 13, after the proposed information is evaluated by a tourist, the value of the relating reference point is recalculated.