# Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks Performance Comparison Utilizing Telnet and Superframe
## 1 Introduction  
The ocean significantly impacts human life because it covers a third of the earth's surface. Because of the rough nature of the undersea environment, only a tiny portion of the sea's influence on the environmental state has been studied. Because of the discovery of a chemical poison, an aquatic natural resource, and oil spillage in recent years, monitoring has become increasingly crucial [1]. Underwater sensor nodes construct a small-scale Cluster-Based Underwater Wireless Sensor Network (CB-UWSN) by gathering data via point-to-point communication. Sensor Nodes (SNs) are often attached to surveillance or Global Positioning System (GPS) systems, although they can also be permanently deployed on the water's surface in UWSNs. These networks are inexpensive, have few limits on their functions, and are simple to deploy. Using a wireless sensor network, often known as a WSN, is a significant step toward unraveling the mystery of underwater settings [2]. The exploration of undiscovered oceans has inspired interest in the Internet of Underwater Things (IoUT), which intends to help solve problems in various industries, including the scientific community, security business, and others. The quantity of energy used and the quality of the networks used to transmit data are two significant issues in UWSN [3]. Because of the movement of the water, the function of SN is more complex and costly. Hop-to-hop communication consumes substantially less power than end-to-end transmission due to the periodic reorganization of the network's structure [4; 5]. When one node in the network wants to send data to another, the routing protocol establishes a path between the nodes in the proposed network. Between the source and the destination, routing table information is updated. Figure 1 depicts the general architectural diagram of CB-UWSN. The routing protocol is a collection of rules used to find the most efficient way to transport data from its point of origin to its final destination. Network specs, channel parameters, and performance metrics vary, making it challenging to determine the optimal route [6]. Underwater wireless sensor networks, also known as UWSNs, are responsible for collecting data from their sensor nodes and relaying them to a central hub, which then processes the data after sharing them with other networks, such as the Internet. Single-hop communication is possible in minimal sensor networks because the base station and motes (sensor nodes) are so close to each other that they can communicate directly; however, in most UWSN applications, the coverage area is so large that thousands of nodes must be placed. In this case, multi-hop communication is required because the majority of sensor nodes are so far from the sink node (gateway) that they cannot communicate directly [7]. Direct communication is referred to as \"one hop\", while indirect communication is called \"many hops\". In multi-hop communication, sensor nodes produce and distribute their own content and act as a conduit for other sensor nodes to connect with the base station. In addition to producing and distributing their content, they manufacture and distribute their advertisements. Routing is an essential network layer function. Routing is choosing the most efficient path between a source and a destination node [8]. The purpose of this research is to compare the strengths and weaknesses of these two communication Telnet and Superframe protocols in the context of UWSNs. The goal of this analysis is to compare the two protocols' abilities to maximize UWSN performance in key areas, such as energy efficiency, data transfer rate, and network dependability. The research goals include finding the best protocol for UWSN applications and dealing with challenges peculiar to underwater communication, such as high attenuation and limited bandwidth. The study's specific goal is to answer the following questions:  
Figure 1: General architectural diagram of CB-UWSN. How do the Telnet and Superframe protocols influence the power consumption of the UWSN?