esa-sceva/satcom-chunk-collection huggingface dataset:
## 4 Experiments and Results
### Findings  
Our approach has different uses for vulnerability reporters and system administrators.  
For vulnerability reporters, it is useful to determine if there is an insufficient description in the report. For example, TF-IDF traced CVE-2004-0629 to CAPEC-52. CAPEC-52 is Embedding NULL Bytes. The description of CVE-2004-0629 is shown above. Although this might be considered buffer overflow, CVE-2004-0629 was traced to CAPEC-52. This indicates that the quality of the description of CVE-2004-0629 has been ensured.  
On the other hand, CVE-2006-4705 was not traced to CAPEC-54. CAPEC-54 is a Query System for Information. The description of CVE-2006-4705 is as follows:SQL injection vulnerability in login.php in dwayner79 and Dominic Gamble Timesheet (aka \"Timesheet.php\") 1.2.1 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary SQL commands via the username parameter [45].  
In the above description, SQL injection should have been described as blind SQL injection to improve the quality of vulnerability reporting.  
For system administrators, it is useful to understand the scenario-based attacks that may occur in the future. For example, CVE-2006-2786 is an HTTP Response Smuggling vulnerability. CVE-2006-2786 was traced to CAPEC-273 (HTTP Response Smuggling). The CAPEC273 page shows that it leads to XSS and cache poisoning. System administrators can consider their environment and anticipate subsequent attacks for vulnerability management. In this way, the CAPEC description of the trace destination can be used to predict future events, which should be useful for more accurate vulnerability management.
###### Abstract  
This paper presents the application of a low-cost 3D printing technology in pre-operative planning and intra-operative decision-making. Starting from Computed Tomography (CT) scans, we were able to reconstruct a 3D model of the area of interest with a very simple and rapid workflow, using open-source software and an entry level 3D printer. The use of High Temperature Poly-Lactic Acid (HTPLA) by ProtoPasta allowed fabricating sterilizable models, which could be used within the surgical field. We believe that our method is an appealing alternative to high-end commercial products, being superior for cost and speed of production. It could be advantageous especially for small and less affluent hospitals that could produce customized sterilizable tools with little investment and high versatility.  
Keywords:mesh reconstruction; 3D printing; rapid prototyping; computed tomography; diagnostic imaging;3D physical model of the body internal structure can help to better visualize the instrument movements. On the patient side, 3D printings of anatomical models increase the transparency of the surgery and enhance the informed consent. With regard to this aspect, the patient has the opportunity to better understand the extent of his pathology, as well as the treatment proposed by the surgeon. A realistic 3D-printed model that reflects the relationship between a lesion and normal structures may be useful in the pre-operative planning for determining the safest surgical strategy, designing patient-specific surgical instruments [2,3] or custom implants that would otherwise unavailable or prohibitive in terms of cost. Finally, the combination of 3D printing technology and biotechnology, using biomaterials, cells, and growth factors, offers the opportunity to fabricate biomedical parts and scaffolds that maximally imitate natural tissue and organ characteristics, starting a new era in regenerative and transplantation medicine, in particular in bone, joint, and ligament reconstruction. Despite the obvious enthusiasm for these new technologies, important challenges must be overcome, to maximize the potential uses of 3D printing in clinical and surgical practice. To date, most of the software used in bio medical 3D printing require expensive and professional 3D printers, thus limiting the use of this technology only in highly specialized centers. In some situations, surgeons require sterilizable models within the surgical field (i.e., custom bone cutting guides), but 3D printed models made from sterilizable materials are very expensive. Finally, the entire process, from medical imaging data to the 3D printed anatomical model is generally time consuming, thus unsuitable in some clinical situations (for example in emergency). In this report, we describe our in-house production process of 3D printed, very low-cost, sterilizable, pediatric bone models. We aim to highlight the opportunity, especially for smaller centers and hospitals with limited resources, to create accurate sterilizable skeletal models and customized tools, which are suitable for clinical and surgical purposes.
## 3 Results & Discussion
### Electrochemical Analysis of 3-CQA  
The CV response of the PANI@CNT/CNC SPME MN to 3-CQA was then examined. 3-CQA is one compound in the chlorogenic acid family with well-known antioxidant properties [32; 33; 34]. Overlapped CV responses of the PANI@CNT/CNC SPME MN to phosphate buffer blank, 75, and 450 mg/L 3-CQA are shown in Figure 7a. The peak current signal associated with 3-CQA oxidation was averaged in the \(-\)0.5-0.0 V and plotted as a function of concentration as shown in Figure 7b. The% RSD in the linear concentration ranged from 3.0% to 1.7%, when each standard was analyzed in triplicate, indicative of excellent precision. The PANI@CNT/CNC SPME MN responds to 3-CQA with a sensitivity of 0.0030 \(\upmu\)A/mgL\({}^{-1}\) (Figure 7b), and LOD of 11 mg/L, which is well below the typical concentrations in coffee and other fruit samples [32; 33].  
Figure 6: Overlaid extracted ion chromatograms (EIC) of GC-MS analysis of caffeine standards (\(m/z=194\)\(\pm\) 0.30) acquired following SPME using the (**a**) PANI@CNT/CNC SPME MN and (**b**) commercial SPME; (**c**) associated caffeine concentration vs. peak area of caffeine-194/peak area of caffeine-197 (PA\({}_{194}\)/PA\({}_{197}\)) for caffeine extracted using the (**i**) PANI@CNT/CNC SPME MN and (**ii**) commercial SPME; (**d**) the mass spectra of extraction ion EIC for \(m/z\) 194 (caffeine standard) and \(m/z\) 197 (caffeine isotopic label internal standard) peaks.
## 4 Experiments and Discussion
### Experimental Settings  
During data preprocessing, to create a dataset capable of training a good model, 25 pairs of infrared and visible images are selected from the TNO Image Fusion Dataset [36] and cropped into 256 \(\times\) 256 sub-images with a sliding step size of 12, yielding 16,986 image pairs. This practice can split some local features into smaller ones, thereby enhancing detail capture, improving robustness to variations, and increasing data diversity for better model training.  
In the training phase, we trained the discriminators twice, then the generator once using the Adam optimizer. The epoch and batch size were set to 14 and 4. The learning rates for the generator and discriminator are set to 1 \(\times\) 10\({}^{-5}\) and 1 \(\times\) 10\({}^{-4}\). The weighted parameters \(\lambda_{1}\), \(\lambda_{2}\), \(\lambda_{3}\), and \(\lambda_{4}\) are set to 1, 10, 1, and 10, respectively.  
In the testing phase, we utilize the Image Fusion Dataset [36] and Roadscene Dataset [37]. The TNO Image Fusion Dataset contains multispectral nighttime imagery of different military relevant scenarios. The Roadscene Dataset contains 221 aligned visible and infrared image pairs with rich scenes like roads, vehicles, pedestrians, and so on. These images are highly representative of FLIR video. Moreover, seven representative methods--such as FusionGAN [27], DdcGAN [11], MDLatLRR [38], DenseFuse [13], Res2 Fusion [17], MFEIF [39], and SDDGAN [33]--are proposed to compare with the DAGANFuse.  
To comprehensively assess the quality of fused results, we conduct evaluations in both qualitative and quantitative dimensions. For quantitative verification, we use entropy (EN) [40], standard deviation (SD) [41], average gradient (AG), mutual information (MI), visual information fidelity (VIF) [42], and spatial frequency (SF) [43].
## 2 Experiments Details
### Optimization of the Slot Waveguide
#### 2.3.2 Optimization of Slot Waveguide Combined with Minimum Effective Mode Area  
We combined the effective cross-sectional area (\(A_{\mathit{eff}}\)) to further optimize the size of the slot. The definition formula for \(A_{\mathit{eff}}\) is shown in Equation (2) [27]:  
\[A_{\mathit{eff}}=\frac{(\iint\left|E(x,y)\right|^{2}dxdy)^{2}}{\iint\left|E(x,y) \right|^{4}dxdy} \tag{2}\]  
The higher the \(\Gamma_{\mathrm{S}}\) value, the higher the obtained gain. The smaller the \(A_{\mathit{eff}}\), the smaller the threshold pump power. As shown in Figure 8, we calculated \(A_{\mathit{eff}}\) for different slot sizes. The \(A_{\mathit{eff}}\) under TE polarization at the same wavelength was much smaller than the \(A_{\mathit{eff}}\) under TM polarization. Thus, only the TE polarization mode was analyzed in this paper. As shown in Figure 8a, with increasing W\({}_{\mathrm{r}}\), \(A_{\mathit{eff}}\) first decreased quickly at the wavelength 1530 nm. When W\({}_{\mathrm{r}}\) reached 400 nm, \(A_{\mathit{eff}}\) tended to saturate. \(A_{\mathit{eff}}\) remained almost unchanged as W\({}_{\mathrm{r}}\) increased at 980 nm. Combined with the joint analysis of Figure 7a,b, 400 nm was demonstrated to be the optimal value for W\({}_{\mathrm{r}}\). Different W\({}_{\mathrm{S}}\) and \(A_{\mathit{eff}}\) relationship curves under TE and TM polarizations at 1530 nm and 980 nm are shown in Figure 8b for when H\({}_{\mathrm{r}}\) was 400 nm and W\({}_{\mathrm{r}}\) was 400 nm. \(A_{\mathit{eff}}\) slowly increased. As W\({}_{\mathrm{S}}\) increased from 50 nmto 500 nm at 980 nm, \(A_{\mathit{eff}}\) increased by less than 0.1 \(\upmu\)m\({}^{2}\). Thus, \(A_{\mathit{eff}}\) at 1530 nm was mainly considered along with the increase in W\({}_{\mathrm{S}}\). \(A_{\mathit{eff}}\) curves trended along linear growth. Combined with the joint analysis of Figure 7c,d, 200 nm was demonstrated to be the optimal value for W\({}_{\mathrm{S}}\). \(A_{\mathit{eff}}\) with different H\({}_{\mathrm{r}}\) under TE and TM polarization at 1530 nm and 980 nm wavelengths were simulated in Figure 8c for when W\({}_{\mathrm{r}}\) was 400 nm and W\({}_{\mathrm{S}}\) was 200 nm. \(A_{\mathit{eff}}\) slowly increased with an increase in H\({}_{\mathrm{r}}\) at the pump wavelength. \(A_{\mathit{eff}}\) first decreased rapidly to an extreme value and then slowly increased with the increase in H\({}_{\mathrm{r}}\) at a signal wavelength. Combined with the joint analysis of Figure 7e,f, we believe that 400 nm is the best-optimized value for H\({}_{\mathrm{r}}\). In this condition, under TE polarization, \(\Gamma_{\mathrm{S}}\) is 0.1500 and 0.1753, and \(A_{\mathit{eff}}\) is 1.3829 \(\upmu\)m\({}^{2}\) and 0.6436 \(\upmu\)m\({}^{2}\) in the slit region at 1530 nm and 980 nm wavelengths, respectively.
# Phonons and Thermal Transport in Si/SiO\({}_{2}\) Multishell Nanotubes: Atomistic Study
## 1 Introduction
The strain-driven roll-up procedure is a powerful high-tech instrument for fabrication of multilayer micro- and nano-superlattices and their arrays [41; 42; 43]. The acoustic phonon dispersion in multishell tubular nanostructures has been analyzed within the framework of elastodynamics [44]. It was shown that the number of shells is an important control parameter of the phonon dispersion together with the structure dimensions and acoustic impedance mismatch between the shells. An increase of the number of shells was shown to lead to an appreciable decrease of the average and root-mean-square phonon group velocities. A strong reduction of lattice thermal conductivity in low-dimensional nanostructures (nanowires, thin films and superlattices) compared with corresponding bulk materials justified diverse proposals to use them for thermoelectric and thermal insulating applications [17; 22; 26; 27; 28; 29; 30]. Silica is a commonly used matrix material at preparation of different nanostructures and nanomaterials [45; 46; 47; 48; 49; 50]. Moreover, combination of crystalline silicon and amorphous silica layers allows one to study unusual phonon phenomena related to phonon propagation through heterogeneous crystalline/amorphous media [8; 28; 43; 51]. Although Si-based NTs have been intensively studied during recent years [32; 33; 34; 35; 36; 37; 38; 39], their thermal properties remain poorly understood. In the present paper, we develop an atomistic calculation to tackle the phonons and thermal transport in novel Si/SiO\({}_{2}\) multishell nanotubes (MNTs). We demonstrate that phonon thermal transport in Si/SiO\({}_{2}\) MNTs can be efficiently suppressed by a proper choice of a nanotube's geometrical parameters: lateral cross section, thickness and number of shells. Our results also shed light on the interplay between different mechanisms of phonon scattering. The remainder of the paper is organized as follows. In Section 2, we describe our theoretical model employed for calculations of phonon energy dispersion and the lattice thermal conductivity in Si/SiO\({}_{2}\) MNTs. Discussions of the obtained results on phonon modes and thermal transport in Si/SiO\({}_{2}\) MNTs are provided in Section 3. Conclusions are given in Section 4.
## 3 Methodology
### Network Architecture
#### 3.3.4 Surface Detail Decoder  
In order to recover the enhanced displacement field \(g_{su}\) with surface details, a surface detail decoder is applied to recover the detailed displacement maps of an object. As demonstrated in Figure 5, a surface detail decoder takes as input all local features that are extracted by the hybrid attention module [44] (HAM) consisting of spatial and channel attention to enhance the feature representation of surface details. Then, a \(1\times 1\) convolution layer and a \(ReLU\) activation layer are employed to decrease the channels, followed by an upsampling and a \(1\times 1\) convolution layer. After that, the outputs of the convolution are element-wise accumulated into the features of the next scale. After repeating the above workflow three times, the features are upsampled twice to keep the consistent size with the input image, followed by a series of convolution and HAM layers. Finally, the enhanced forward and backward displacement maps are output through a \(1\times 1\) convolution layer.  
Figure 4: Illustrations of the \(j^{th}\) IFDB, where Concat means concatenation operation.  
Figure 3: Architecture of the deformation decoder, where \(s_{j}\) and \(c_{j}\) represent the intermediate implicit field and the state code of the \(j^{th}\) IFDB output, respectively.  
According to Equation (4), if \(P\) is near the visible surface, the deformed implicit field of \(P\) is added to the forward displacement map at \(p\). Conversely, it is added to the backward one.  
In our implementation, the gradient of the SDF on each query point is derived using a central difference approximation. In the case that the direction of the gradient is approaching the viewpoint orientation and the ground-truth SDF is less than a specific threshold, the point is considered as being close to the visible surface. Otherwise, the point is treated as being near the invisible surface. Moreover, a similar network to DISN [24] for estimating the camera parameters is also trained. It should be pointed out that the camera parameters and the gradients derived from the ground-truth SDF used in training are the ground truth, and the predicted values are used in testing.
# A Systematic Literature Review on Applications of GAN-Synthesized Images for Brain MRI
## 3 Results
### Preprocessing of Ground Truth Brain MRI (RQ 3)
For example, MIDAS and IXI datasets carry unregistered images, while BRATS dataset carries already registered images [161]. * Bias Field Correction: This operation corrects the image contrast variations due to diverse magnetic field strengths [95]. * Center Cropping: In this operation, outer parts of each brain image volume The outer parts of each brain image volume are removed, reserving the central region along each dimension [88]. * Data Augmentation: Data augmentation is achieved through operations such as translation, flipping, re-sizing, scaling, rotation between \(-10\) and \(10\) degrees, and Gaussian noise application [87; 98]. * Motion Correction: Keeping the patient's head stationary in the scanner during the MRI acquisition is challenging, especially for small and elderly age groups. This operation is performed to reduce the noise that arises in the scan due to subject motion. The number and order of these steps may vary from case to case, depending on the application requirement. Figure 9 shows the percentage-wise use of these preprocessing operations in the SLR. Preprocessing software packages are available to perform above listed tasks (Table 9). The format conversion is applied to scanned MRI images. The source images are in digital imaging and communications in medicine (DICOM) format, which are converted to 3D images in neuroimaging informatics technology initiative (NIFTI) format, then sliced in the axial direction, and saved as joint photographic expert group (JPG) or portable network graphics PNG format (Figure 10).
# Estimation of the Energy Consumption of the Rice and Corn Drying Process in the Equatorial Zone
###### Abstract  
Drying is considered one of the industrial processes that requires more energy than other processes, being a topic of much interest to the agricultural sector, especially the evaluation of energy consumption for rice and corn dryers. To meet this goal, an overview survey matrix and protocols for temperature measurements of dryers were developed. The study evaluated 49 rice dryers and 14 yellow corn dryers. As a result, it was determined that the oversizing of the fan/extractor and the dryer engine generates a high energy consumption, added to the lack of insulation in the heat ducts. Therefore, the drying productivity index is very low in dryers using liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) being 0.14 dollar/quintal for rice and 0.27 dollar/quintal for corn and using biomass reaches 1.4 dollars/quintal. In relation to energy losses, these account for more than 55%. Inadequate energy management in drying processes directly influences the marketing chain of products, the losses of which are caused by fluctuations in the price of rice and corn on the domestic market, with the agricultural sector having to generate an energy efficiency plan.  
dryers; rice; corn; energy valuation +
Footnote †: journal: Applied Sciences
# Indoor Positioning Integrating PDR/Geomagnetic Positioning Based on the Genetic-Particle Filter
## 3 Experiments and Results
### Heading Angle Experiment  
In order to evaluate the performance of the Mahony complementary filter (MCF) algorithm, we utilized the mobile phone to collect the heading angles by using the MCF algorithm, electronic compass (EC) and the uncorrected gyroscope on the same path. The estimation errors of these three methods were compared in Table 3 and Figure 13. The mean estimation accuracy and the root mean square error (RMSE) of the MCF algorithm are 7.21 \({}^{\circ}\) and 6.58\({}^{\circ}\), respectively. Compared with the estimation errors of EC and the uncorrected gyroscope, we can conclude that the MCF algorithm can provide more accurate and stable heading angles.  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Features** & **Min** & **Max** & **Mean** & **RMSE** & **50\% Error** & **80\% Error** \\ \hline One feature & 1.16 & 15.91 & 8.01 & 8.74 & 7.98 & 10.69 \\ Two features & 0.27 & 16.29 & 6.62 & 7.41 & 7.06 & 9.54 \\ Three features & 0.19 & 16.27 & 3.80 & 4.77 & 3.15 & 6.08 \\ Four features & 0.02 & 18.16 & 3.38 & 4.66 & 2.68 & 4.65 \\ Five features & 0.04 & 12.07 & 2.98 & 4.01 & 2.56 & 4.51 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}
Table 2: Positioning errors comparison of different geomagnetic features (m).  
Figure 12: Geomagnetic positioning comparison by using different features data.
## 5 Discussion
### Comparisons of Hydrocarbon Generation
#### 5.1.2 Hydrocarbon Generation in Different Zones  
The spatial and temporal distribution of hydrocarbon generation is analyzed in Figure 8. The hydrocarbon generation of source rocks in different zones was counted for regional comparison. By comparing the proportion of different zones (Figure 1d) in the same geological period to highlight the favorability of hydrocarbon generation (Figure 10), it can be seen that the hydrocarbon generation of the northern slope zone (NSZ) is greater than that of the other zones. The proportion of hydrocarbon generation in the northern slope zone decreased from the early to late historical periods, but it still accounted for more than 60% in each period. However, the proportion of other zones showed low growth in general. The regional difference is mainly controlled by the following factors: (1) The northern slope zone has always been in the depositional center, with a large amount of sedimentary thickness and a deep burial depth for the source rocks. The time when the source rocks reached mature was early (Figure 7), resulting in an earlier initial hydrocarbon generation time, and they have continuously been in the hydrocarbon generation stage since then. (2) Coal is widely distributed in the northern slope zone, and a previous study showed that the hydrocarbon generation capacity of coal is better than that of mudstone or carbonaceous mudstone [12], which makes the hydrocarbon generation amount in the northern slope zone significantly greater than in other zones.  
Figure 10: Hydrocarbon generation of the AA’ section at different zones in the eastern Kuqa Depression. The histogram is formed by the ratio of the hydrocarbon generation of different zones in a certain period to the total hydrocarbon generation amount in the same period; 100% represents the total hydrocarbon generation in a certain geological period.  
Figure 9: Hydrocarbon generation in the AA’ section at different geological times in the eastern Kuqa Depression. The histogram is formed by the ratio of hydrocarbon generation at different times to that of the whole historical period.
# Numerical Simulation Analysis Method for Rockburst Control in Deeply Buried Caverns
## 2 Mechanism and Control Measures of Rockburst
### Control and Prevention Measures for Rockburst
Advance support is provided in the predicted area of rockburst, which can connect the rock mass that may crack with the intact ones and prevent the occurrence of rockburst through joint force. 3 Joint support. In areas prone to strong rockburst, a combined support system can be employed to enhance the overall stiffness of the surrounding rock and provide external support. This system includes steel grids, steel arches, spray concrete, and hanging anchor nets. Its purpose is to prevent flying stones from causing harm to individuals and damaging equipment, thereby ensuring the safety of personnel and equipment. Passive measures are based on the strength perspective of rockburst occurrence, adopting some actions to improve the internal bearing capacity of the surrounding rock and using the strength of the surrounding rock to contain or reduce the occurrence of rockburst. According to research on the mechanisms and prevention methods of rockburst occurrences, we can see that there is a relatively comprehensive qualitative understanding of the phenomenon and preventive measures of rockburst occurrences. But exploration of how to quantitatively evaluate the effectiveness of rockburst prevention measures is still limited. In this work, we quantitatively analyze the effects of active and passive measures for preventing rockburst using numerical methods and propose some effective simulation analysis methods.