# Deployment Protection for Interference of 5G Base Stations with Aeronautical Radio Altimeters
## 4 Results and Discussion
### Discussion  
#### 4.6.1 The Applicability of the Model  
Interference protection models in telecommunications are generally tailored for analyzing interference from base stations on the ground. The adopted interference threshold does not consider aviation safety requirements. The victim systems in these models are typically static ground objects. In contrast, the deployment protection method proposed in this paper integrates typical base station parameters with civil aviation operational scenarios. It comprehensively considers factors such as radio altimeter system characteristics, dynamic  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c c c} \hline \hline  & & \multicolumn{3}{c}{**200 ft**} & \multicolumn{3}{c}{**1000 ft**} & \multicolumn{3}{c}{**2000 ft**} \\ \cline{3-8}  & & \(R\) & \(R_{\text{6 dB}}\) & \(R\) & \(R_{\text{6 dB}}\) & \(R\) & \(R_{\text{6 dB}}\) \\ \hline Omni Antenna & & 0.2 & 0.4 & 0.9 & 1.3 & 2.3 & 3.2 \\  & \(\theta=0^{\circ}\) & 0.8 & 1.4 & 0.4 & 0.9 & 2.5 & 3.4 \\
16 \(\times\) 16 Beamforming antenna & \(\theta=10^{\circ}\) & 0.9 & 1.5 & 2.1 & 3.1 & 5.0 & 6.7 \\  & \(\theta=10^{\circ}\), & 2.2 & 3.4 & 4.2 & 5.8 & 8.4 & 10.4 \\  & \(\alpha\backslash\beta=30^{\circ}\) & & & & & & \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}
Table 4: Radius of Horizontal prohibited zone (\(R\): radius without ICAO 6 dB margin (km); \(R_{\text{6 dB}}\): radius with ICAO 6 dB margin (km)).  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c c c c c} \hline \hline  & & \multicolumn{3}{c}{_AGL = 200 ft_} & \multicolumn{3}{c}{_AGL = 1000 ft_} & \multicolumn{3}{c}{_AGL = 2000 ft_} \\ \cline{3-11}  & & \(R\) & \(R_{\text{6 dB}}\) & \(R\) & \(R_{\text{6 dB}}\) & \(R\) & \(R_{\text{6 dB}}\) \\ \cline{3-11}  & & **0 ft** & **200 ft** & **0 ft** & **200 ft** & **0 ft** & **1000 ft** & **0 ft** & **1000 ft** & **0 ft** & **2000 ft** & **0 ft** & **2000 ft** \\ \hline Omni Antenna & & 0.2 & 0.2 & 0.4 & 0.4 & 0.9 & 0.5 & 1.3 & 1.0 & 2.3 & 1.5 & 3.2 & 2.6 \\  & \(\theta=0^{\circ}\) & 0.8 & 0.8 & 1.4 & 1.5 & 0.4 & 1.7 & 0.9 & 2.8 & 2.5 & 4.3 & 3.4 & 6.1 \\
16 \(\times\) 16 Beamforming & \(\theta=10^{\circ}\) & 0.9 & 0.9 & 1.5 & 1.5 & 2.1 & 1.8 & 3.1 & 2.8 & 5.0 & 4.5 & 6.7 & 6.2 \\ Antenna & \(\theta=10^{\circ}\), & 2.2 & 2.2 & 3.4 & 3.4 & 4.2 & 4.0 & 5.8 & 5.6 & 8.4 & 8.0 & 10.4 & 9.9 \\  & \(\alpha\backslash\beta=30^{\circ}\) & & &interference thresholds, and vertical prohibited zones. This model incorporates key interference parameters into an integrated interference model. It is an interference protection model suitable for the aviation operation and applicable for engineering purposes.  
Interference management in the aviation domain has typically relied on spectrum isolation and distance protection. However, within airports, there are still numerous scenarios where 5G is in use. In these areas, it is imperative to simultaneously consider both aviation safety requirements and the demands of 5G usage. This necessitates the consideration of interference mitigation measures based on power control and angle shutoff techniques. This paper presents an effective and direct analytical framework for interference mitigation measures.