# Identifying Energy-Use Behavior and Energy-Use Profiles of Hotel Guests
## 4 Methodology
### Energy-Use Survey Design  
In this section, an energy-use survey is designed to classify energy-use behavior in hospitality industry settings. The developed energy-use survey helps to predict the impact of each of the identified measures on the energy-use profile of hotel guests. The energy-use survey is designed with a goal to examine the effect of each identified measure on hotel guests' energy-use behavior. To achieve this, fifty-two questions are designed to measure eleven hypotheses of this study as summarized in Appendix A and Tables 1-3. In the 52-question energy-use survey, 18 questions are asked to measure Motivation level of hotel guests (represented as \"M\" in Table 1) including: (1) ten questions to measure Motivation level impacting energy-use behavior directly (H1) (e.g., \"_My personal comfort in a hotel room is more important to me than reducing energy consumption_\"); (2) two questions to measure Personal Norms (H2) (e.g., \"_I feel morally obligated to reduce energy consumption in my hotel room_\"); (3) three questions to measure the Ascription of Responsibility (H3) (e.g., \"_Hotel management is responsible for reducing energy consumption in the hotel, not the guest_\"); (4) one question to measure Attitude (H4) (e.g., \"_When travelling, saving energy in my hotel room is not important at all._\"); (5) two questions to measure Environmental Concern (H5) (e.g., \"_How much are you concerned about your personal energy consumption in your hotel room?_\"). In the energy-use survey, questions from 1-18 measuring the Motivation level of hotel guests are presented in Appendix A.  
Moreover, 11 questions are asked to measure the Opportunity level of hotel guests (represented as \"O\" in Table 2) including: (1) eight questions to measure Social Norms (H6) (e.g., \"_In general, the hotel management expects me to turn off the lights when leaving the room or when not needed._\"); (2) two questions to measure Hotel Management Support (H7) (e.g., \"_Hotels that I have visited often encourage guests to save energy by providing education and information._\"); (3) one question to measure Physical Efforts (H8) (e.g., \"_It usually takes more physical effort than it is worth to reduce energy consumption in a hotel room._\"). In the energy-use survey, questions from 32-42 measuring the Opportunity level of hotel guests are presented in Appendix A.  
Additionally, 13 questions are asked to measure Ability level of hotel guests (represented as \"A\" in Table 3) including: (1) five questions to measure Environmental Perceived Knowledge (H9) (e.g., \"_I know how to reduce the heating load (e.g., usage of furnace_) in my hotel room.\"); (2) four questions to measure Actual Knowledge (H10) (e.g., \"_How long does it take for a 100-watt light bulb to consume 100 watts of energy_\"): (3) four questions to measure Perceived Behavioral Control (H11) (e.g., \"_Adopting energy saving practices in my hotel room is completely within my control_\"). In the energy-use survey, questions from 19-31 measuring the Ability level of hotel guests are presented in Appendix A.  
Finally, ten questions are asked to measure the socio-demographics of the energy-use survey participants. In the energy-use survey, questions from 43-52 measuring the socio-demographics are presented in Appendix A.  
Figure 2. shows the relationship or the process of how the energy-use survey questions are tied to identify the energy-use profiles of the hotel guests.