## 3 Results
### Results of the Literature Assessment
Unlike the Grey literature papers (Section 3.1.3), where the expertise of the authors is explicit, in the analysis of scientific literature, the presence of articles with multiple authors with different expertise and affiliations did not allow an analysis to be performed of the distribution by role/mission/function/type of authors' affiliation/organization that issued the analyzed documents and matched the authors' expertise. Figure 4: Map showing the geographical distribution in Europe of the researchers who authored the analyzed publications through the proxy of their declared affiliations. 1.2 Overview of Technology Use in the Scientific Literature, Focusing on the Articles Relying on Satellite Remote Sensing  
When examining the use of geomatics technologies for monitoring damages to cultural heritage, the progress in the use of satellite remote sensing technologies in Europe can be noted. The trend observed regards articles relying not only on the visual interpretation of changes but also on the processing of satellite-based data (in this Section 3.1.2, \"satellite RS\"). We notice that, in the last decade, there has been an acceleration in scientific production; in particular, the two peaks that are very similar to the analysis of \"damage\" factors (Figure 3) occurring in similar years, 2013 and 2017 (Figure 6). Figure 5: Tree map of the geographical location of the case studies from the 295 papers selected. Figure 6: Articles relying on the use of satellite RS data processing for monitoring hazards and damage caused to CH in the period between 2000 and 2022. Use of all types of satellite imagery and of satellite imagery considering the types of three satellite data/programs mainly used by CH community, namely Sentinel 1 and 2, CORONA, and Landsat imagery. When looking closer into the specific imagery of the specific space programs (Figure 6), a steady trend of the use of Landsat and, although variable, a still consistent presence of Corona imagery is noticed. It can be argued that these two satellite programs are by now \"traditionally\" used in the domain of the monitoring of cultural heritage. As illustrated in Figure 7, what is on the rise is the employment of Sentinel imagery (here, both S1 and S2 data), which is even more noticeable if temporally contextualized. The first satellites of the Copernicus program were launched in April 2014 (Sentinel-1A) and June 2015 (Sentinel-2B). Shortly after, several scientific articles already provided the inputs of the Sentinels' suitability for the monitoring of CH damage: already in 2014, authors from Cyprus proposed an evaluation of S2 potentials [25], while some first examples of damage studies were provided for looting using SAR S1 imagery in 2015 [26] and for urban growth and land use changes using multi-spectral S2 imagery in 2017 [27]. Further, it can be noticed that within the batch of articles relying on increases in satellite image processing, the percentage of articles employing Sentinel (either S1 or S2 or both) is on the rise as well. For example, in 2022, 31 articles reported studies on the damages to cultural heritage. Eleven (11) of these articles were based on the processing of satellite imagery, including eight articles treating Sentinel imagery. In fact, while there were obviously zero publications before 2014, the increase a couple of years later was not necessarily expected. Hence, we could conclude that the Full-Open-Free (FOF) policy and the technical properties seem to have made Copernicus satellite imagery extremely appealing and manageable data for the monitoring of damages to cultural heritage, specifically archaeological sites [28]. In addition, an interesting comparison was made between the articles tagged \"Satellite RS\", i.e., articles that were based on the use of satellite image processing vs. those tagged as \"Engine\", i.e., articles based on the consultation and visual interpretation of the satellite imagery (Figure 8). There was a significant peak in consulting satellite imagery using search engines in 2019 and again in 2022.