## 4 Wired HAN
It has an architectural flexibility since its intelligent devices are projected to acquire data from the surroundings in a sensor network and also to interact with the sensed object in a feedback loop as a control network. LON is one of several solutions in building automation and home networking. It comprises all the fundamental building automation subsystems: heating,air conditioning and ventilating, security, lighting, fire detection, energy monitoring, and access control, fire valve control, gas detection, smoke detection. LON platforms are also utilized in semiconductor manufacturing, pulp and paper equipment, textile machinery, automotive, petrochemical, food and beverage, wastewater treatment and material handling [62]. Most devices in LON-based building automation system are connected by wire, but wireless transmission is also used in cases like building-to-building communication, environmental monitoring of particular areas of the building or of stored materials in a building. With this, technology networked systems can be developed with a peer-to-peer architecture with a large number of nodes that exempts synchronization and generally cover wide distances. LON also utilizes multiple media including wireless communication, supporting battery-powered nodes, usually powered down and only activated for sending a message or receiving it [63]. All the previous described technologies support the IP protocol meaning that those can be easily integrated with IP-based smart grids [54]. A global and non-profit trade group, The HomeGrid Forum, and its members are supporting and contributing to G.hn specification of the International Telecommunication Union's Telecommunication standardization sector (ITU-T). The main objective of G.hn is to merge the connectivity of media devices and digital content by providing a wired home network over coaxial, telephone, and data-grade cable networks, along with residential power line wiring in order to supply data at rates of up to 1 Gb/s. ITU G.hn delivers secure connections between devices supporting IP and provides advantages such as self-installation by the consumer, the capability to connect to any room regardless of wiring type, self-management, built-in diagnostic information, and multiple equipment suppliers. Consequently, it addresses specific concerns and satisfies several requirements of electronic manufacturers, service providers, and consumers alike [64]. The Multimedia over Coax Alliance (MoCA) is an industry standard alliance developing technology for the connected home that runs over the existing in-home coaxial cabling that provides high quality performance and reliability for the home network. There are two versions of the specification currently available, MoCA 1.1 and MoCA 2.0 which are the deployed standards for the majority of service providers in North America. It is also being adopted in other parts of the world. MoCA enables highly robust, low-latency, and secure communication at net throughputs of over 400/800 Mb/s and 1 packet error in 100 million Packet Error Rate. Its primary use is for the distribution of premium content high definition video and content, including applications such as multiroom DVR [33]. The Meter-Bus (M-Bus) interface was developed for remote reading of household energy such as water or gas consumption meters and it can be also useful for security systems, heating or lighting control systems. M-Bus is an important communication technology for remote reading of meters in Europe, and standardized as EN13757-x [65]. M-Bus consists of a controller (master, MUC), a slave unit and a two-wire cable that are physically connected to each-other through twisted pair cables. The M-Bus interface has an exclusive feature that it can remotely supply counters with power, and the counters transmit the gathered data by demand of the master which in turn, the master connects to a mobile network modem or the Internet. To avoid loss of counter pulses in circumstances of power failure, M-Bus opts for power supply batteries as power replacement [46].