# Multi-Agent Modeling and Jamming-Aware Routing Protocols for Movable-Jammer-Affected WSNs
## 4 Results and Discussion
### Discussion  
From the simulation experiments mentioned above, it is evident that the mobility of jammers has a significant impact on the reliability and performance of WSNs. To cope with this issue, we designed local and global maintenance mechanisms with the aim of addressing short-term problems of updating successor nodes of sensor nodes and reducing overall delay increases caused by continuous network structure updates during long-term operations. Local maintenance functions as expected, but global maintenance does not significantly reduce overall message transmission latency. We believe that this is due to the small area of the scene used in the simulation experiment, which results in sensor nodes having a communication range that is too large compared to the size of the scene. Therefore, even with constant updates to the network structure due to jammers and local maintenance, the number of hops from the base station to the selectable successor node of the sensor node remains small. As a result, the effect of reducing the overall network delay is not significant.  
But surprisingly, the global maintenance mechanism can alleviate the tendency of sensor nodes to centrally select a small number of relay nodes. Due to the impact of the jammer and local maintenance, some nodes around the base station that can act as relay nodes are no longer selected by other sensor nodes, leading to a concentration of relay tasks on other relay nodes around the base station. If these relay nodes are also affected by the jammer, it can cause a sudden drop in the number of sensor nodes that can communicate with the base station. However, global maintenance can allow those abandoned relay nodes to be re-selected as relay nodes, thereby increasing the number of redundant relay nodes and improving the network's robustness.  
Figure 12: (a) Comparison of MCS with different protocols; (b) Comparison of APL with different protocols.  
The simulation experiments also revealed that the number and deployment position of jammers have a significant impact on the reliability and performance of WSNs. As the number of jammers increases, the reliability of WSNs gradually decreases, while the communication delay shows no significant difference. Our simulations also demonstrated that a single air jammer is more destructive than four ground jammers. However, it should be noted that the parameter design used in our simulation experiment is far from the actual scene, and if experimental parameters were configured according to actual scene conditions, the results would differ significantly.  
Finally, we compared JRP with other existing routing protocols and verified its reliability advantage in WSN in the presence of movable jammers. The advantages of JRP mainly stem from two factors. Firstly, in the event of a jammer causing soft damage to some nodes and leading to their failure, JRP's local maintenance mechanism enables other nodes to bypass the failed nodes and restore connections with the base station. Secondly, JRP comprehensively considers both depth and jamming when selecting relay nodes, avoiding nodes closer to the jammer to prevent forced disconnection during subsequent movement of the jammer.