## 3 General System Design  
### Overall Design  
The diversity of experimental phenomena can be attributed to variations in parameters within the physics formulas. Therefore, the system is founded on the principles of experimental physics, incorporating the latest virtual simulation technologies [24]. Multiple  
Figure 2: Schematic diagram of grating diffraction spectrum.  
experiments within this virtual simulation system adhere to a generic design architecture. Based on the interactive nature of virtual reality, the system is divided into five subsystems, as illustrated in Figure 3: Task Interaction, Learning Interaction, Physical Interaction, Data Interaction, and Human-Computer Interaction.  
1. The Physical Interaction subsystem implements the experimental operation and scene rendering functions of virtual simulation. It enhances the system reusability and immersion. When integrating new experimental content, each module's functionality can be reused, reducing the development cycles and costs while maintaining a detailed and realistic experimental environment with consistent operating methods. After starting the experiment, the initial state values of the experimental instruments will be randomly processed, providing the most intuitive feedback through changes in optical phenomena by adjusting the spatial information and relevant physical parameters using the operation adjuster.
2. The Learning Interaction subsystem implements UI functions such as phenomenon observation, data measurement, and recording. It enhances the system scalability, and, by adding other teaching materials, the relevant functions of this subsystem can be reused, facilitating the addition of subsequent experiments and avoiding the rigidification of experiments. The visual drag-and-drop window allows the convenient observation of the physical space changes of the devices without adjusting one's position and perspective.
3. The Data Interaction subsystem implements functions such as data storage and information processing, enhancing the system's management and maintenance capabilities for experimental data resources. This subsystem processes the physical data generated by adjusting instruments based on the algorithms in the experimental principles. It achieves the localized storage and retrieval of information through MySQL Integration plugin technology, facilitating teachers and students in viewing experimental data, teaching materials, and grade rankings.
4. The Task Interaction subsystem implements functions for the evaluation and querying of grades, enhancing the system's practicality. The system automatically grades the experiment at the end, allowing students to repeat the experiment to achieve better grades. The entire process does not require teacher involvement, reducing the workload of supervision and grading.
5. The Human-Machine Interaction subsystem implements the local and network usage of the program, improving the system compatibility and reducing the computer performance requirements. By providing a \".exe\" executable program directly through the packaging module, the local program's real-time rendering will occupy some computer resources, requiring a computer with better performance. The network module uses pixel streaming technology, allowing direct access and usage of the simulation system through a webpage, without installing any software or plugins.  
Figure 3: Overall design diagram of the virtual simulation system.