## 6 Conclusions  
The present research aimed to assess the climate change vulnerability of a residential building located in Pescara, Central Italy. The energy performance of the case study was evaluated by considering its current and improved version through dynamic energy simulations. The building energy requirement, subdivided into cooling and heating needs, and the indoor thermal comfort rates were estimated under future climate conditions in order to establish the best DSF retrofit solution. Thus, typical meteorological years were generated using regional climate models, and the main weather parameters expected for 2030, 2050 and 2070 were defined. The results underline the impact that the continuous increase in temperature and solar radiation have on building energy consumption, analysing both the heating and cooling needs. Lower winter energy loads were, in fact, estimated for the investigated years in comparison to current weather conditions. In contrast, higher cooling consumption will be necessary to ensure satisfactory comfort rates inside the occupied spaces. By inserting a DSF on the northwest and southeast elevations, energy savings can be expected, with benefits throughout the year. The installation of multi-layer facades, particularly in the Multi-Storey configuration, ensures significant reductions of up to about 52-57% and 65-68% for the considered year, respectively, for the heating and cooling needs. Similar performances, even though they were slightly less effective overall, can be expected with the other DSFs, for which higher cooling savings were calculated for the summertime (up to 63-74% for the Shaft-Box and 68-79% for the Box-Window) and lower savings were predicated for the coldest months (with an average of 32%, 13% and 27%, for the Shaft-Box, Corridor and Box-Window configurations). In addition to the improvements achievable on the energy side, using DSFs to restore existing buildings positively affects the comfort rates, especially during the wintertime. By reducing extreme weather peaks and, in general, temperature fluctuation, the air cavity allows more uniform conditions to be maintained than the building's current configuration. The capability of DSFs in enhancing heat dissipation directly impacts the expected indoor operative temperatures, which were calculated to be \(\pm\)3.8% higher and lower, respectively, than the indoor minimum and maximum operative temperatures calculated for the original state. Moreover, mechanical ventilation should be introduced to prevent the summer overheating risk of the air cavity due to elevated solar radiation and temperature levels with consequently high discomfort rates expected inside the inner spaces, thus enhancing natural convection in the case of extreme thermal loads. Additionally, in this case, the configuration with the best performance was the Multi-Storey configuration. Furthermore, Double-Skin Facades not only provide thermal benefits but also contribute to improved indoor air quality. The additional layer acts as a buffer zone and reduces outdoor air pollutants and noise infiltration, leading to a healthier and more comfortable indoor environment for occupants. Moreover, DSFs maintain adequate natural daylight penetration while minimising glare and excessive solar heat gain. This balance ensures occupants have access to natural light, reducing the reliance on artificial lighting during the day and promoting a more pleasant visual environment. In view of the achieved results, the use of DSFs for the energy retrofit of existing buildings proves to be a suitable option, with savings in terms of energy requirements and comfort rates. Despite these achievements, there are still some knowledge gaps the remain to be filled. Among them, long-term monitoring and evaluation to understand their performance over extended periods is still required.