## 1 Introduction
### Health Sector  
The health sector is crucial in any economy because the quality of the healthcare centers in a nation determines the quality of life of the people. Evidently, the Nigerian digital health system is still at the infancy stage, begging for attention [18]. In Nigeria, data pooling and AI are used in a few hospitals to track and diagnose health issues and perform day-to-day activities, including record keeping and payment of bills. In response to the COVID-19 pandemic in Nigeria, Mairabot and mobile health information tools were developed to fight coronavirus and communicate the symptoms, transmission channels, and prevention measures to Nigerians. A digital platform, such as Whatsapp, was also used to update Nigerians on the state of the pandemic, including the number of confirmed cases, deaths, recovered and new cases in the country [19]. Furthermore, the digital translation of COVID-19 symptoms, precautions, and guidelines into several languages helps to reach over 98% of Nigerians. This promotes inclusiveness and strengthens the country against the COVID-19 pandemic. A few health start-ups, such as GeroCare, InStrat Global Health Solutions, LifeBank, AirBank, Omoni, Find-a-med, GenRx 54 gene, WellaHealth, Otrac, and Truppr, have digitalized the operations of the health sector in Nigeria. For instance, GeroCare, a cloud-based primary healthcare center, leverages IoT and blockchain to promote inclusiveness and build resilience against attacks on the aging population, by providing healthcare services to elderly patients at the comfort of their homes in Nigeria.  
InStrat Global Health Solutions utilized digital technologies, including AI, IoT, and blockchain, to transform and improve Nigeria's health service delivery. In 2020, when COVID-19 was a burden across the globe, InStrat helped to build resilience against the pandemic by developing and launching the Android COVID-19 App, through which they communicate accurate information on the pandemic to the health workers in Nigeria. The application also helps over 20,000 front-line health workers identify, screen, and manage suspected cases in Nigeria [20]. InStrat promotes inclusion in the health sector by leveraging satellite technologies, including Inmarsat and NigComSat. In addition, the firm utilized digital technologies to develop an effective and efficient electronic health data management, also known as the Clinical Administration Kit, to help health workers both in the rural and urban areas capture patients' medical histories and treatment options and disseminate them through available mobile or satellite internet networks. This allows the Nigerian health centers to build resilience against internal and external attacks. Furthermore, LifeBank leverages digital technology to develop a blockchain-powered blood system that enables patients and health professionals to access blood and study the safety records of blood and blood products. Others include AirBank, which utilizes disruptive technologies to provide emergency medical oxygen delivery services; Omoni offers digital solutions that help parents to monitor the health of their children and Otracenables health workers enhance their clinical knowledge and performance with relevant training and courses through an e-learning platform [18].