## 3 Results  
### 3D Printed Orthoses Manufacturing Time Results  
No significant differences were recorded in the printing time for other infill patterns (zig-zag, grid, triangles), especially for orthoses 3D-printed in their ready-to-use shape, where the surface available between the contours/perimeters on each layer is very thin. For the flat orthoses, such as sample 4 (flat elliptical pockets design), the printing time for 100% infill density lines was 6 h and 6 min. For the other patterns, the difference was only 1-4 min, representing around a 1% difference. Therefore, only the results for one type of pattern are presented further. Table 3 displays the findings related to 3D printing times for MEX-produced orthoses, examining four distinct build orientations and the line infill pattern. Figure 7: 3 DP-WHOs worn when performing different tasks: (**a**) sample 7 worn while holding a phone; (**b**) sample 7 worn while holding a remote; (**c**) sample 5 worn while lifting a 1.5 kg weight; (**d**) sample 8 worn while manipulating small objects. Figure 8 illustrates the effect of build orientation on the quality of the orthosis surface in contact with the hand for two layer thicknesses: 0.2 mm (Figure 8a) and 0.1 mm (Figure 8b). The infill density influences the strength of the printing, which is even more relevant when discussing thin wall features, as is the case for WHOs. Figure 9 presents, as an example, an orthosis with elliptical pockets vertically oriented for slicing (Figure 9a). Two infill densities (100%--Figure 9b, and 60%--Figure 9c,d) are set here showing the source of defects caused by the orthosis design and sparse infill deposition within a layer when using the concentric pattern (Figure 9d). \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c} \hline \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**Sample**} & \multicolumn{6}{c}{**3D Printing Time**} \\ \cline{2-7}  & **Layer Thickness, Infill Density, Line Pattern** & **Flat** & **Vertical Orientation** & **Horizontal Orientation** & **Optimized Meshmixer** & **Auto-Orientation** \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{1} & 0.2 mm, 100\% & 4 h 40 min & & & & \\  & 0.2 mm, 80\% & 4 h 19 min & - & - & - & - \\  & 0.2 mm, 60\% & 3 h 55 min & & & & \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{2} & 0.2 mm, 100\% & & 17 h 19 min & Similar with & 16 h 10 min & 16 h 28 min \\  & 0.2 mm, 80\% & - & 17 h 41 min & Auto-orientation & 16 h 43 min & 16 h 24 min \\  & 0.2 mm, 60\% & & 17 h 4 min & solution & 16 h 7 min & 15 h 51 min \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{3} & 0.2 mm, 100\% & & 10 h 55 min & 8 h 49 min & 17 h 23 min & 12 h 2 min \\  & 0.2 mm, 80\% & - & 11 h 16 min & 8 h 45 min & 16 h 47 min & 12 h 2 min \\  & 0.2 mm, 60\% & & 10 h 56 min & 8 h 23 min & 16 h 34 min & 11 h 40 min \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{4} & 0.2 mm, 100\% & 6 h 6 min & & & & \\  & 0.2 mm, 80\% & 4 h 54 min & - & - & - & - \\  & 0.2 mm, 60\% & 4 h 37 min & & & & \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{6} & 0.2 mm, 100\% & 4 h 14 min & & & & \\  & 0.2 mm, 80\% & 3 h 31 min & - & - & - & - \\  & 0.2 mm, 60\% & 3 h 22 min & & & & \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{7} & 0.2 mm, 100\% & & 17 h 15 min & 17 h 37 min & 10 h 28 min & 11 h 23 min \\  & 0.2 mm, 80\% & - & 16 h 58 min & 17 h 14 min & 10 h 33 min & 11 h 34 min \\  & 0.2 mm, 60\% & & 16 h 45 min & 17 h 4 min & 10 h 23 min & 11 h 25 min \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{10} & 0.2 mm, 100\% & & 12 h 30 min & 11 h 17 min & 20 h 29 min & 15 h 42 min \\  & 0.2 mm, 80\% & - & 12 h 26 min & 11 h 6 min & 18 h 33 min & 15 h 46 min \\  & 0.2 mm, 60\% & & 11 h 53 min & 10 h 34 min & 17 h 47 min & 15 h 52 min \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 3: Three-dimensional printing time for MEX-produced WHOs. Figure 8: Surface quality on 3D-printed wrist–hand orthosis manufacturing in horizontal orientation: (**a**) 0.2 mm layer thickness, (**b**) 0.1 mm layer thickness. Figure 10 shows the results of increasing the parameter called Overhand Angle for reducing the volume of the support structure, thus influencing the printing time.