esa-sceva/satcom-chunk-collection huggingface dataset:
## 4 Effects of Obesity on Micronutrient Deficiency

Table 2: Effects of weight loss treatments on micronutrient status of people with excess weight. interventions may provide high concentrations of micronutrients. For example, the plasma level of vitamin B6 increased by 52% in women with obesity on a cereal-based diet and only by 3% in women on a vegetable-based diet [31]. In addition, including foods that provide an excess of vitamin B1 in a dietary intervention was shown to prevent its losses [30]. Nevertheless, besides dietary intake, some other reasons related to improvements in the homeostasis of the organism following weight reduction could also be crucial for micronutrient status. For example, the increase of serum Mg could be explained by the decrease in blood glucose levels [32] since one of the major reasons for hypomagnesemia in type 2 diabetes (T2D) is osmotic diuresis that reduces the tubular reabsorption of this macroelement [37]. Among the micronutrients that are effectively restored in people with obesity due to weight loss, some phenomena that govern Fe deficiency were well established. A recent review described multiple mechanisms that could lead to the accumulation of this mineral in the adipose tissue and subsequent dysregulation of its function in obesity [38]. Dietary Fe absorption decreases in obesity due to increased levels of hepcidin, a hormone regulating the uptake of this mineral into the blood [39]. Levels of hepcidin are affected by the low-level inflammation known to co-occur with obesity [40]. Hence, weight loss could result in the improvement of Fe status through both the decrease of adiposity and the reduction of the inflammatory status. Also, Zn status can be affected by inflammation. Proinflammatory cytokines released by the adipose tissue and oxidative stress that is chronic in obesity and associated with excess fat storage are known to alter the expression of Zn transporters [41; 42]. Other than Fe, vitamin D is yet another micronutrient that is known to be sequestered in the adipose tissue [7; 27]. Hence, weight loss would be expected to improve its levels in the blood, especially if it is associated with a decrease in adiposity. Similarly, the serum levels of vitamin B9 were suggested to decrease in obesity due to sequestration in tissues [43]. However, the authors have also pointed out a greater use of this vitamin and differences in urinary excretion and endocrine function in obese compared to normal weight subjects, and the impact of adiposity on its absorption [44]. The number of works demonstrating that micronutrient deficiency may be ameliorated by weight loss is modest, except for vitamin D. However, the gathered evidence is convincing, especially since multiple mechanisms that could lead to the development of these deficiencies with obesity were proposed in the literature. The next important question arising is whether the reduction of micronutrient deficiencies could ameliorate obesity and related conditions that endanger human health.
## 4 Performance Analysis  
### Simulation Performance Analysis  
In this paper, a moving target model with both target and 50 Hz background magnetic field was used and several points for observation were placed in the model for signal collection. The purpose was to verify the detectability of targets in the power frequency magnetic field and the superiority of synchrosqueezed wavelet transform to process power frequency magnetic anomaly signals.
## 5 Comparison of Support Structure Degradation  
T-shaped pile support structures are all cantilever piles, in which vertical piles are similar to columns, and horizontal piles and vertical piles are connected through internal supports. After being simplified to an isosceles triangle, the load distributed in a triangle by the active earth pressure acting on the horizontal piles could be simplified to the axial force F on the internal support, and the diagonal support transmitted F to the vertical piles. The active earth pressure was decomposed into the horizontal component F2 and the vertical component F1 through the F of the diagonal support. In the case of symmetrical excavation of the left and right soil, the left component F2 was offset by the right component F2, and the vertical pile was only subjected to the vertical component F1 in one direction so that the isosceles triangle structure could be degraded into a cantilever double-row pile support structure. Figure 20 is a simple schematic diagram of the entire degradation process.From this, it can be seen that the stress form of the T-shaped structure can degenerate into a double-row pile support structure. From reference [30], it can be seen that the cantilever double-row pile had similar stress, with the pile bending moment showing a trend of \"+\" and \" -\", and the pile displacement value gradually increasing from the bottom to the top of the pile. As shown in Figure 18 of a Shenzhen Shenwan project similar to the design of the double-row pile in reference [30], the excavation depth of the support structure was 10.5 m, the pile length was 21 m, and the embedding depth is 13.5 m. The upper part of the horizontal plate of the weighing platform was the upper retaining plate, with a height of 3 m. The lower part was the support cantilever section, with a height of 7.5 m. The width of the horizontal plate of the weighing platform was about 4 m. The front row of the support pile was an interlocking pile with a diameter of 1200 mm, arranged in a \"one meat and one vegetable\" manner (the meat pile is a reinforced concrete pile, and the vegetable pile is a plain concrete pile) with a spacing of 2 m. The rear row piles were rotary bored piles with diameters of 1200 mm and spacing of 4 m. Figure 21 is the engineering cross-section of the Qianhai project.By comparing the trend of pile displacement values of a certain project in Qianhai (Figure 22) with the pile displacement values in this article, it can be seen that the T-shaped pile support structure is able to achieve the effect of double-row piles from a three-dimensional perspective, but the number of front row support piles is saved through slant support, thus saving space. For the super-deep foundation pit which was excavated, the stability of each excavation area was maintained.  
Figure 19: Simplified model moment, bending moment, and displacement diagrams. (**a**) Bending moment diagram; (**b**) displacement.
## 5 Discussion and Findings
### Predicting Injuries
#### 5.2.2 Average Minutes per Match  
Figure 16 divides players into three groups based on their 'Average Min/Match': 'Low', 'Medium', and 'High'. 'Low' refers to players who play less than 60 min per match, 'Medium' refers to players who play between 60 and 75 min per match, and 'High' refers to players who play more than 75 min each match.  
Figure 14: Average Injuries; Most affected Squads vs. Rest.  
According to Figure 16, a substantial proportion of injuries, roughly 57%, occur in the 'High' group, showing that players who routinely play more than 75 min per match are more likely to get injured. In contrast, the 'Medium' category, which includes players who average 60 to 75 min every match, accounts for approximately 30% of all injuries. Only 16 injuries occur in the 'Low' category, which includes players who play fewer than 60 min per match. This concept emphasizes the need for calculated player substitutions during games. Coaches and team managers should think carefully about when and how to replace players who have been on the field for extended periods of time. Timely substitutions allow players to rest and recover, lowering the chance of injury due to exhaustion or overexertion.  
Furthermore, it underlines the significance of effectively controlling a player's playing time during the season. This includes substitutions during games and preparing for proper rest intervals between games and throughout training. Teams can limit the likelihood of injuries and preserve the health and performance levels of their athletes by maximizing playing time and giving adequate recovery. In essence, these findings reaffirm that 'Average Min/Match' is a reliable predictor of injuries due to the close relationship between playing time and injury occurrence.
## 4 Testing Exercise
### Evaluation Criteria Used  
Six types of criteria were used for evaluation:  
* _Radar tuning;_
* _Radar visible range;_  
Figure 6: Initial navigational situation in open water area. Radar range 6 NM.  
* _Radar tracking (for each of the ships participating in the meeting);_
* _Distance to ship;_
* _CPA to ship;_
* _Heading._  
In the case of the described exercise, the use of these criteria for the five simulated targets and their interaction with each other required the creation of 43 different types of conditions. Their number was optimized after careful analysis of the criteria selection and the way they are used. Note that SEA allows the creation of 50 separate conditions only, which is a certain limitation for more complex situations.  
Of course, criteria linking allows us to calculate penalty points (PP) in relation to the situation development. Before the exercise started, the correct adjustment of the radar was assessed, and the wrong radar tuning was penalized by 3 PP. The use of the correct operating radar range was also checked (due to the open water and restricted visibility, the initial range of observation should be 12 or 6 NM), and 1 PP could be counted. The proper echo acquisition was also assessed at the beginning, and 3 PP were counted for each untracked object located less than 5 NM from its own ship position. Untracked targets were still monitored, and penalty points were counted when the distance to them decreased below 5 NM during the whole exercise time.  
The CPA value was monitored for all tracked targets (the assumption of the exercise was that vessels should pass each other at a distance no less than 1 NM). If the calculated CPA value for a target was less than 1 NM and the vessel was at a distance under 4 NM (this is considered a missing of anticollision maneuver at a safe distance), then 1 PP was counted. The same situation would occur for a such target when the distance decreased under 3 NM. A further decrease in the distance (less than 2 NM) would result in the next 2 PP, and under 0.5 NM in the next 3 PP. Thus, the approach of a dangerous vessel to a distance under 0.5 NM resulted in a total of 7 PPs. But if the distance was reduced below 0.2 NM, the situation was treated as a collision, and this resulted in a negative mark at the end of the exercise (20 PP).  
The type of anticollision maneuver was also monitored. It is obvious that course changing to port in restricted visibility is not in accordance with the COLREG regulation. However, penalty points were only counted when the distance to the FIONE vessel (port relative bearing) was less than 4 NM.  
Exceeding the threshold of 20 penalty points during the exercise resulted in a negative assessment.  
MUS navigation students acted as assessed navigators during SEA application validation testing.
## 2 System Description  
The three-phase shunt active power filter has the structure of Figure 1, composed of a harmonic current detection module, control system, and main circuit.  
In Figure 1, \(v_{s1}\), \(v_{s2}\), \(v_{s3}\), are the grid voltages, \(i_{s1}\), \(i_{s2}\), \(i_{s3}\) are the power currents, \(i_{L1}\), \(i_{L2}\), \(i_{l3}\) are the load currents, \(v_{1}\), \(v_{2}\), \(v_{3}\) are the voltages of public join points, \(i_{1}\), \(i_{2}\), \(i_{3}\) are the compensation current of APF, \(C\) is the capacitor of DC side, \(v_{dc}\) is the voltage of \(C\), \(i_{dc}\) is the current of \(C\), \(L_{c}\) is the inductance of AC side, and \(R_{c}\) is the equivalent resistance.  
The model of the APF will be given in the following steps. Applying Kirchhoff rules to the system, we can get the following equations:  
\[\left\{\begin{array}{l}v_{1}=L_{c}\frac{d{i_{1}}}{d{t}}+R_{c}i_{1}+v_{1M}+v_ {MN}\\ v_{2}=L_{c}\frac{d{i_{2}}}{d{t}}+R_{i}i_{2}+v_{2M}+v_{MN}\\ v_{3}=L_{c}\frac{d{i_{3}}}{d{t}}+R_{c}i_{3}+v_{3M}+v_{MN}\end{array}\right. \tag{1}\]  
Figure 1: Block diagram of active power filter (APF).  
where \(v_{MN}\) represents the voltage between \(M\) and \(N\).  
Supposing the AC supply voltage is balanced and taking the three equations in (1), and considering the absence of the zero-sequence in the three-wire system currents, yields the following equation:  
\[v_{MN}=-\frac{1}{3}\sum_{m=1}^{3}v_{mM} \tag{2}\]  
In order to indicate the working status of Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor (IGBT), we define \(c_{k}\) as the switch function as  
\[c_{k}=\left\{\begin{array}{ll}1,&\text{if $\text{S}_{k}$ is on and $\text{S}_{k+3}$ is off}\\ 0,&\text{if $\text{S}_{k}$ is off and $\text{S}_{k+3}$ is  
where \(k=1,2,3\).  
Considering the external disturbances, the model of active power filter can be rewritten as  
\[\left\{\begin{array}{c}\dot{x}_{1}=x_{2}\\ \dot{x}_{2}=f(x_{1})+bu+f_{d}\end{array}\right. \tag{11}\]  
where  
\[\begin{array}{c}f(x_{1k})=f(i_{k})=\frac{R_{2}^{2}}{l_{c}^{2}}k_{t}-\frac{R_{ 2}}{l_{c}^{2}}v_{k}+\frac{1}{l_{c}}\frac{dv_{k}}{dt},f(x_{1})=f(i)=(\begin{array} []{cc}f(i_{1})&f(i_{2})&f(i_{3})\end{array})^{T},\\ b=\frac{R_{2}}{l_{c}^{2}}v_{d-}\frac{1}{l_{c}}\frac{dv_{d-}}{dt},u=d_{n}=( \begin{array}{cc}d_{n_{1}}&d_{n_{2}}&d_{n_{3}}\end{array})^{T},f_{d}=diag( \begin{array}{cc}f_{d_{1}}&f_{d_{2}}&f_{d_{3}}\end{array})\end{array}\]  
are bounded external disturbances.  
The design of an adaptive fractional fuzzy controller for a three-phase active power filter using backstepping sliding mode control is based on the above mathematical model (Equation (11)), which will be developed in detail in Section 3.
# Multispectral Fusion Approach for Traffic Target Detection in Bad Weather
## 5 Discussion  
In this paper, a new approach is proposed for traffic surveillance object detection in bad weather based on a faster RCNN. We used two convolutional neural networks to obtain high-quality object proposals from the information of infrared and visible images. With the addition of infrared images, the performance of regression and classification has been improved to some extent, especially in severe weather environments. Besides, we adopt the polling from multiple layers method to adapt the characteristics of large size differences of objects in traffic targets so as to accurately identify targets of different sizes. Our dual input faster RCNN can also be applied to other object detection tasks with two information sources.  
In the future, we will explore how to improve the time efficiency of D-RCNN and optimize the regional recommendation network with the homogeneity of thermal radiation images. On the other hand, we will try to use probability theory and the multispectral fusion recognition method to track the target along the timeline and establish connections between objects identified in different frames, so that it can better serve intelligent transportation systems.  
Conceptualization, D.H. and Y.H.; methodology, Y.H.; software, Y.H.; validation, D.H.; formal analysis, Y.H.; investigation, D.H.; resources, D.H.; data curation, Y.H.; writing--original draft preparation, Y.H.; writing--review and editing, D.H.; visualization, Y.H.; supervision, D.H.; project administration, D.H. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.  
This research received no external funding.  
The authors would like to thank the School for providing the computing equipment and [PERSON] for his guidance.  
This article has no conflict of interest with any organization or individual.
# Study on the Influence of Gear Spoke Hole Numbers on Meshing Noise
## 3 Simulation of Gear Meshing Stiffness
### Influence of Spoke Cycle Structure on the Gear Mesling Stiffness  
Some scholars have demonstrated that the meshing stiffness of the gears with no spokes will cycle with the meshing period during meshing. However, the gears, which with spokes and the spoke cycle structure do not coincide with the gear stiffness, have not been studied. In the paper, the stiffness of the gear with the spoke in one meshing cycle is calculated. In addition, the focus of Section 3.2 is to judge the influence of spoke cycle structure on gear meshing stiffness through the simulation of large rotation angles. This can be the basis of the following simulation of small rotation angles.  
The material properties are shown in the Table 2:  
The gear spoke with six holes (diameter = 40 mm) is selected to simulate the meshing stiffness. The SOLID 185 element and the regular hexagon mesh type are used to establish the numerical model. The gear meshing contact type is defined as frictionless, and the penetration tolerance value is 0.0005 m. The constant speed of the driving gear is set to 1.56 rad/s and the constant torque of the driven gear is set to 1000 N\(\cdot\)m. The step end time is 0.5 s and the number of substeps is a fixed value of 500. The meshing stiffness of the gears in one cycle was analyzed and the result is shown in Figures 4 and 5.  
Figure 4 shows that the spoke cycle structure has little effect on the meshing stiffness. In addition, the gear deformation in meshing is basically maintained as a circle.
## 1 Introduction
The findings revealed that the rivers in the eastern part of Lake Hawassa Watershed are suitable for agriculture and livestock but unpleasant for aquatic life, and the lake is hypereutrophic. [PERSON] [13] investigated the primary sources of non-point source pollution and their relative contribution in Lake Hawassa Watershed using the Annualized Agricultural Non-Point Source (AnnAGNPS) model. The pollutant-loading model revealed non-point source pollutants originating from agricultural lands and associated with deleterious anthropogenic activities responsible for the water quality impairment of Lake Hawassa. These point sources have been determined to be the source of numerous pollutants in the lake ecosystem if the effluent control system put in place is unsuitable [14]. [PERSON] [15] studied the impact of land cover changes on water quality and streamflow in Lake Hawassa Watershed and concluded that water quality in the upper watershed of the three rivers was better than the lower sections of the catchment with respect to the parameters studied, which might be correlated to the observed land use. A study conducted by [PERSON] et al. [16] at Lake Hawassa revealed that most of the population, including the inner part of the city, are using latrines. Larger buildings have conventional flushing systems but without any wastewater treatment. Furthermore, industrial and commercial point sources are known to discharge their effluents into streams or rivers that end up in the Lake. In addition, Hawassa Industrial Park and Referral Hospital discharge their effluents directly into the lake. This is a threat to the people who rely on rivers, streams, and the lake for domestic and other purposes and to the survival of aquatic life as well. To sum up, some studies regarding the water quality have been conducted in either the eastern or the western catchment of Lake Hawassa, while others have been carried out only at Lake Hawassa. Nonetheless, there is no sufficient water quality study to connect agricultural and urban land use with the watershed pollution level to identify the sources of pollution. The previous studies mainly relied on random monitoring and data from literature and focused only on a few water quality parameters, which cannot reflect the whole picture of water quality in the watershed. Additionally, some previous studies also obtained contradictory findings. On the other hand, urbanization, industrialization, commercial activities, and population growth are increasing rapidly, which could increase sewage and effluents production. Through monitoring data, consistent data analysis, and homogenization of parameters, this study aimed to (1) statistically analyze multiple-parameter data by using principal component analysis (PCA), cluster analysis (CA), and discriminant analysis (DA); (2) investigate the broad-spectrum variation in the parameters of LHW; and (3) cluster monitoring stations with similar characteristics and identify potential sources of pollution in LHW.
# An Efficient On-Chip Data Storage and Exchange Engine for Spaceborne SAR System
## 2 Analysis of Storage and Exchange Efficiency for SAR Data
### Analysis of Existing Data Exchange Solutions
#### 2.3.2 Sub-Matrix Cross-Mapping  
Submatrix cross-mapping is a more efficient mapping strategy than two-dimensional matrix sequential mapping. The mapping process is shown in Figure 3. The \"cross-mapping\" alternately maps two adjacent rows of data to a row with a three-dimensional storage array of DDR3, instead of using sequential mapping method, i.e., mapping one row of original data to one row of DDR3 sequentially, and then mapping the second row sequentially. The sub-matrix cross-mapping has a burst length of 8. The data transmitted in one burst belong to two rows of data in range and four columns of data in azimuth, while the data transmitted in one burst of linear mapping belong to one row of data in range and eight columns of data in azimuth.Compared with linear mapping, cross-mapping has a better balance performance when accessing a data matrix in a two-dimensional condition.  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c} \hline \hline
**Performance** & **Range** & **Azimuth** \\ \hline Writing efficiency & 92.25\% & 8.51\% \\ Reading efficiency & 94.64\% & 12.12\% \\ Writing bandwidth & 11.53 GB/s & 1.06 GB/s \\ Reading bandwidth & 11.83 GB/s & 1.52 GB/s \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}
Table 1: Storage access performance of traditional linear mapping method.  
Figure 3: Schematic diagram of sub-matrix cross-mapping scheme.
## 6 Benefits, Challenges, and Limitations of CFD in the Food Industry
### Challenges Related to Accuracy and Computational Time  
Despite its advantages, CFD simulations in food technology face significant challenges regarding its accuracy and computational time. The accuracy of results depends heavily on the quality of input data, such as the physical properties (for example, thermal conductivity, specific heat and viscosity) of food materials, which often exhibit complex and variable behavior under different conditions. In particular, food systems are non-homogeneous and exhibit temperature-dependent phase changes (such as freezing, melting, and drying), which are difficult to model accurately [142]. Additionally, turbulence, laminar flow regimes, and heat transfer in porous media (typical in food systems) require advanced models, such as the RANS equations or Large Eddy Simulations. The computational time required for high-resolution simulations, particularly in 3D models or real-time simulations, can be prohibitive. This makes the application of CFD less accessible for time-sensitive processes or small-scale operations, despite the advancements in parallel computing and cloud-based solutions [55; 153].
## 4 Experimental Results
### Experiments with \"Dyjob\" Moving over a Gap  
Adjustment of the COG position is also useful when _[PERSON]_ is moving over a gap. Figure 12 shows snapshots of the experiments with _[PERSON]_ traversing a 0.32-m-long gap. A movie is provided in the Supplementary Video S3. Because _[PERSON]_ progressed while keeping the movable mass the furthest backward, as shown in No. 1 and 2 of Figure 12, the front end safely reached the opposite side without falling into the gap, as shown in No. 3. Subsequently, _[PERSON]_ kept the COG position the furthest forward by moving the movable mass the furthest forward, as shown in No. 4. This enabled _[PERSON]_ to keep the COG position above the opposite side just after the rear end left the block, as shown in No. 5, eventually traversing the gap, as shown in No. 6. When the movable mass was kept in the center, the front end fell into the gap in No. 2., and when the mass was not moved forward in No. 4, the rear end fell into the gap before reaching the state of No. 5.