# Managing a Smart City Integrated Model through Smart Program Management
## 11 Conclusions  
The research work presents the proposal of a Smart city integrated model and a Smart program management approach for managing the transversality, technological matters, and interdependences between smart projects. The integrated model organizes a Smart city with respect to two dimensions: horizontal (application domains) and vertical (technological layers). The result of the interaction between these dimensions contributes to the development of a Smart city and its services. In this context, Smart program management helps to manage the interdependences between projects and the correlation between a defined strategy and its execution. With respect to the horizontal dimension, program management allows to obtain common and reusables assets, whereas from the vertical dimension it allows to integrate and optimize project execution maximizing overall benefits. In this article, a retrospective analysis was carried out on a set of 378 projects belonging to nine different Italian Smart cities starting from the proposal of the integrated model. The aim was to investigate the potential benefits from using Smart program management analyzing the transversality and the technological depth of the smart projects, and the existence of potential interdependences between them. The results obtained show that not all projects can be classified as 'Smart' and only 35% of them are transversal to several application domains. Each smart project consists of a self-consistent technological silo, leaving aside any integration both at the strategic and technical operation level. This suggests that the proposed approach may be an effective means for planning and implementing more effective Smart city projects. The data analysis performed also provides useful insights on how Smart cities should be designed and managed from strategic and operational points of views. Moreover, the following lessons learned can by summarized:  
* the adoption of the Smart city integrated model and Smart program management model helps to plan strategic development of a Smart city pushing towards the realization of integrated services across various domains. The integration between services cannot be achieved solely on a technological level, it would not be sufficient. It requires the harmonization of administrative procedures, public administration processes as well as infrastructures and physical resources available in urban areas. This requires vision, strategy, and knowledge of the stakeholders and territory, all in terms of usable needs, resources, and assets. The initiated projects cannot ignore the transversal nature of a Smart city and, therefore, must consider the impacts and effects generated on the different domains and conceive solutions capable of harmonizing the new with the already existing components;
* from a technological point of view, it is necessary to conceive a Smart city as a stratification of enabling platforms reusable by those who intend to produce new services and new solutions. This guarantees technological standardization, but also strong specialization. Each layer of the Smart city integrated model can be managed by one or a group of specialized providers, capable of continuously evolving technologies and infrastructures based on new needs and market trends. At the same time, this would allow those who begin new projects to fully exploit these platforms, focusing on generating additional value. Everything should not be built from scratch; the various layers should not be re-implemented each time. Project resources can therefore be used to take a step forward compared to what already exists in the Smart city and, above all, in the right direction (i.e., the one dictated by the vision and growth strategy defined). Given these considerations, some implications for both industrial and academic communities can be pointed out. First of all, it is necessary to invest in approaches that focus on the development of ICT solutions strongly based on reuse.