## 3 Results
#### 3.1.2 IoT Devices Sold Commercially  
The Internet of Things (IoT) has brought significant advancements to the field of pet care, gaining momentum not only in academic research but also in the commercial sector. A web search revealed the emergence of companies solely dedicated to creating and marketing pet care products. These companies primarily focus on household pets, especially dogs and cats (Figure 7). Furthermore, large e-commerce platforms now offer a variety of pet-related products, including items specifically designed for the health, safety, and entertainment of pets. In the commercial market, the types of IoT pet care devices available are like those explored in the academic and scientific research. As is illustrated in Figure 6, these commercially available devices are typically categorized into health and activity trackers, automatic feeders, pet cameras, and pet sitter services or \"pet boxes\". While these same types of devices are studied in academia, the focus is often more scientific. Academic research typically examines these solutions in conjunction with other emerging technologies, such as artificial intelligence, to enhance the functionality, integrate predictive capabilities, and improve the overall user experience. In this way, the academic perspective seeks to innovate beyond the existing commercial applications by exploring how the IoT and AI can work together to meet more complex needs in pet care. The specific brands under which pet care devices are marketed are irrelevant to this study. However, each brand tends to focus on the aesthetic appeal of its devices. High-quality materials are consistently used in the devices presented in Figure 5, creating a noticeable contrast with the prototypes shown in Figures 3 and 4. In these academic \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c} \hline \hline
**ID** & **Type of Pet** & **Type of Device** & **Functionalities of the System** & **Ref.** \\ \hline S72 & Cat & Feeder & IoT-enabled pet feeder that utilizes Mamdani’s Fuzzy Logic Inference System to determine optimal food portions based on the cat weight and feeding time. & [94] \\ \hline S73 & General & Robot & IoT-enabled robotic pet monitoring system integrating live video streaming, feeding automation, and water dispensing, controlled via a mobile app. & [95] \\ \hline S74 & General & Feeder & IoT-enabled rotating pet feeder that dispenses dry and wet food with programmed feeding control via a mobile app. & [96] \\ \hline S75 & Dog & Feeder & IoT-enabled automatic feeder for dogs with remote scheduling, food portion control, and real-time monitoring. & [97] \\ \hline S76 & Fish & Feeder & IoT-enabled fish feeder with scheduled and manual feeding options, live video monitoring, and remote control via a web interface. & [98] \\ \hline S77 & General & Feeder & IoT-enabled smart pet feeder integrating deep learning for pet recognition, portion control based on pet weight, and remote feeding scheduling. & [99] \\ \hline S78 & Cat & Feeder & IoT-enabled real-time cat auto feeder for scheduled feeding, ensuring portion control and food availability tracking. & [100] \\ \hline S79 & Fish & Feeder & IoT-enabled fish feeder for remote feeding control, real-time monitoring of feed levels, and scheduled feeding automation. & [101] \\ \hline S80 & General & Feeder & IoT-enabled smart pet feeder for remote monitoring, motion detection, and an AI-powered camera for real-time pet activity tracking. & [102] \\ \hline S81 & Cat & Pet Detector & IoT-enabled stray cat monitoring system integrating digital image processing for detection, automated feeding, and water dispensing. & [103] \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 2: _Cont._prototypes, lower-cost or recycled materials are often used, resulting in less visually sophisticated products. In academic studies, authors prioritize the conceptual aspects of the devices, focusing on functionality and testing affordable IoT technologies rather than investing in premium finishes that would appeal to a final user.