## 3 Proposed Converter Topology
### Bi-Directional Converter Circuit  
One of the most well-known varieties of DC conversion is the bi-directional DC-DC conversion. It can conduct buck and boost operations, invert the circulating current orientation, and transmit power among two DC supplies. When charging the battery, it operates in buck style, and when discharging energy to the system, it operates in boost mode. This architecture includes a non-isolated bi-directional converter for the battery-charging process sectors. Two switches control the bi-directional energy supply for recharging and draining the batteries. A MOSFET is employed as a switch in this case. In the above-mentioned proposed topology, two DC supplies are indicated as V1 and V2. V1 represents the solar PV panel while V2 represents the battery. Since the PV system's power flow is primarily determined by poor weather, if PV generates higher electricity than the power demands. In this case, the excess energy is stored and should be utilized during the evening and in the event of weather-related changes. These conversions are commonly employed in hybrid energy circuits and energy storage solutions. The bi-directional translation is carried out via two switches, which perform the control operation. Switch S1 is on during charging mode, whereas switch S2 is off in buck operation. In the first region of operation, the capacitor is charged to deliver the load at the  
Figure 1: The bi-directional DC–DC converter. boost level. Therefore, the S1 switch will be off, so, in this condition, switches S1 and S2 will be the series connection. Cross-conduction concerns do not occur since load shedding is performed according to the set idle time. The outputs are delivered constantly to the load, depending on the demand due to the accessibility of the compensating source. With the aid of bi-directional architecture, the major goal of this suggested system is to deliver uninterruptible supply. The advantages of this proposed work are that it has fewer components, does not need a transformer, is inexpensive, and produces excellent results. Figure 2 depicts the bi-directional converter design. S1, S2, S3, and S4 are the four switches that are utilised to regulate the converter's activities. The transistor and diode together function as a relay component. The circuit uses three capacitors: the output capacitor C0, bypass capacitor Cb, and input capacitor Ca. Through a boosted converter controlled by MPPT, the PV component is connected to a lower-voltage bus. At the DC link, the bi-directional conversion is controlled to 48 V. A Voltage Source Converter (VSC) is used to connect the station's AC to a 230 V AC grid. This conversion requires the use of a high-sensitivity bi-directional DC conversion because the DC end of the conversion must be maintained at 400 V. This large-gain DC conversion stage permits lower rating valves and other devices in the emitter terminal. As the maximum voltage decreases, the efficacy of the converter increases, but the RDC-ON of switches decreases. The system is also more desirable due to the safety advantages of operating a solar and storage battery at low power. These overall power practices make sure that the energy is sent to the AC grid when the PV-component-generated electricity exceeds the DC link. In these circumstances, the suggested bi-directional DC transformer works in charging mode converting the low-DC link voltage (48 V) to 400 V to connect to the 230 V AC grid. In contrast to the previous scenario, power must be shifted from the system to the lower-voltage bus necessitating the use of the suggested converter in reverse-biased conditions. The suggested switching capacitor structure has a high-amplitude bi-directional interlaced boost conversion. To maximise the high gain, the two bi-directional power designs are combined with a switching capacitor, Ca and Cb. S1 and S2 control the converters' alternating step-up action, while S3 and S4 control the converters' step-down actions. The DC-DC converter is controlled by an adaptive incremental conductance method.