## 4 Results and Analysis
### An Analysis of the Drivers of Conflict in the Sangsang Space
#### 4.3.4 Analysis of Driving Mechanisms Behind Spatial Conflicts in PLES of Zengcheng District  
The findings from factor and interaction detection using the Optimal Parameter Geodetector reveal that a combination of natural and socio-economic factors collectively influences the intricate spatial differentiation patterns in Zengcheng District. The primary drivers of PLES conflicts in the district are summarized as follows (Figure 9):  
1. Demographic and Economic Pressures: High population density, rapid population growth, elevated urbanization levels, and a fast-paced economic development trajectory significantly drive PLES conflict indices. These factors intensify land-use pressures and exacerbate spatial conflicts among production, living, and ecological spaces.
2. Urban Fringe Dynamics: Zengcheng District, as a prominent urban fringe area, is characterized by rapid urban expansion and high-intensity land-use transformations. These processes drive intense competition among production, living, and ecological spaces, particularly in regions experiencing accelerated urbanization and industrial growth.  
Figure 8: Heat map for interaction detection.  
3. Interplay of Socio-Economic Factors: The unique geographic and economic positioning of Zengcheng, marked by a developed economy, advanced urbanization, and constrained land resources, amplifies PLES conflicts. The synergistic effects of these socio-economic factors increase ecological pressures, limit production activities, and reduce the quality of the living environment.  
This complex interplay of factors highlights the multifaceted and interconnected nature of spatial conflicts in Zengcheng District. Addressing these challenges requires integrated strategies that balance economic growth, urban expansion, and ecological sustainability to ensure harmonious development across production, living, and ecological spaces.  
The analysis reveals that the PLES conflicts in Zengcheng District are driven by a multidimensional synergy of natural and socio-economic factors, as outlined below:  
1. Impact of Single Factors:  
Among the 13 factors analyzed, 12 exhibited significant influence on PLES conflicts, with river network density being the only exception. Notably, the impact of the NDVI and nighttime lighting has shown a consistent upward trend over the years, underscoring the dominant role of socio-economic activities and urbanization in driving spatial conflicts. Simultaneously, the growing influence of natural factors, such as elevation and annual air temperature, highlights the importance of ecological and environmental changes as contributors to spatial conflicts.  
2. Influence of Multi-Factor Interactions:  
The interactions between factors exhibited greater explanatory power for spatial conflicts compared to individual factors, with most interactions showing a nonlinear enhancement in their effects. The interaction between nighttime lighting intensity and river network density consistently emerged as the most influential determinant of spatial differentiation across all years, highlighting the significant impact of the combined influence of natural and socio-economic factors. Additionally, interactions between nighttime lighting and terrain relief, as well as between the NDVI and slope, also demonstrated considerable explanatory power, emphasizing the synergistic effects of natural resource attributes and socio-economic variables on spatial conflict dynamics.  
3. Socio-economic dynamics on spatial conflicts.  
These findings emphasize the intricate interplay of factors influencing spatial conflicts in Zengcheng District, underscoring the critical need for integrated spatial  
Figure 9: Influencing factors and driving mechanisms of PLES conflicts in Zengcheng District.  
planning and conflict resolution strategies that holistically address both natural and socio-economic dimensions.