## 1 Introduction  
The increasing significance of investing in energy is tied to climate responsibilities outlined in agreements such as the Paris Agreement and various national carbon neutrality goals [1, 2]. The Paris Agreement emphasizes reducing greenhouse gas emissions from the energy sector to limit global temperature rise to below 2 \({}^{\circ}\)C and ideally not above 1.5 \({}^{\circ}\)C. The transition to renewable energy sources like wind power and hydroelectricity is essential for decarbonizing energy systems and enhancing energy security and resilience [3]. Especially when promoting recovery in a post-pandemic world, investments in renewable energy can spur economic growth and address climate change issues. The push for investing in energy sources encourages advancements in grid technology, energy-efficient solutions, energy storage methods, and sustainable energy [4]. Countries at the forefront of energy investments can establish benchmarks and play significant roles in international climate talks. In this collaborative approach, private investors recognize energy initiatives' viability and future benefits as governments implement regulations and incentives to promote clean energy solutions in alignment with climate goals and the need for increased investment [5]. Often, energy projects face challenges due to government policies and market fluctuations that can significantly hinder their progress and development [6]. One major hurdle is the unpredictability of government policies, as renewable energy projects rely on incentives and subsidies for viability. Changes in policies that impact project feasibility, such as reducing or discontinuing subsidies, can have an effect. Moreover, a lack of clarity in trade policies may dissuade investors from investing in energy projects. At the same time, import duties on technologies could escalate costs [7]. Fluctuations in market conditions pose a challenge for energy projects, as energy market prices significantly impact them. A decrease in fossil fuel prices can reduce the competitiveness of energy sources and discourage investments in this sector [8]. Moreover, the inconsistency of carbon markets in incentivizing energy projects is due to fluctuating or low prices that hinder the viability of such investments. Another major obstacle energy projects face is the initial capital costs [9]. Renewable energy projects often require investments in development and technology infrastructure, and upfront costs can be substantial [10]. Unlike operational expenses, which decrease over time, these high initial costs can present a significant challenge, particularly when uncertain policies and investment returns are not guaranteed [11]. Securing funding for renewable energy projects can be especially challenging for smaller initiatives or those in less developed regions. Financial institutions may hesitate to support projects with uncertain returns due to policy shifts or market instability. This situation could result in a dependency on funding from grants or public funds that might not always be accessible. Investors seeking returns may be deterred by the payback periods associated with many renewable energy projects. Uncertainty surrounding energy expenses and government regulations extends these payback periods and complicates investment appeal. Rapid advancements in energy technologies pose risks as investors fear that emerging technologies or innovations could render projects outdated and lead to potential losses. The uncertainty surrounding government support for emerging technologies adds significantly to this risk factor [12]. While projects focusing on energy offer solutions to combat climate change and promote development, they also come with significant financial challenges. Factors such as government regulations, fluctuating market conditions, high initial expenses, and limited access to financing all contribute to a financial landscape that may hinder the growth of investments in renewable energy sources.