## 5 Conclusions  
This paper took the Dakai station as the research object, and according to the conclusions of previous scholars, the causes of seismic damage to the standard section of the Dakai station during the Kobe earthquake were elaborated. This paper proposed the ring spring-friction pendulum two-way seismic isolation bearing based on the damage characteristics of the shallowly buried subway station structure constructed using the open-cut method. The seismic isolation effects of the friction pendulum horizontal seismic isolation bearing, the ring spring vertical seismic isolation bearing, and the ring spring-friction pendulum two-way seismic isolation bearing in the underground subway station structure were simulated using Abaqus finite element software. The main findings of this paper are as follows:  
Figure 23: Stress cloud diagram of the ring spring–friction pendulum bearing during the El Centro earthquake: (**a**) bearing section, (**b**) stress of the inner ring, and (**c**) stress of the outer ring. Figure 24: Stress cloud diagram of the ring spring–friction pendulum bearing during the Kobe earthquake: (**a**) bearing section, (**b**) stress of the inner ring, and (**c**) stress of the outer ring. 1. The ring spring-friction pendulum bearing proposed in this paper has a good seismic isolation effect in both horizontal and vertical directions. The horizontal and vertical seismic isolation performances are independent of each other, and the horizontal seismic action has less influence on the ring spring. The friction pendulum and the ring spring can be designed separately. 2. It can be concluded that vertical seismic isolation measures are more significant than horizontal seismic isolation measures for the shallowly buried underground structure built using the open-cut method, by comparing the seismic isolation effects of the friction pendulum bearing alone and the ring spring bearing alone in the Dakai station. The vertical seismic isolation measures can reduce the axial pressure to which the underground structure is subjected so that the ductility of the structure in the horizontal direction does not greatly reduce and still has a certain resistance capacity. In the same period, the structure with the friction pendulum bearing alone was obviously more deformed than the structure with the ring spring bearing alone, and the axial force and bending moment of the mid-pillars in the structure were also obviously higher. Therefore, the vertical seismic isolation function in shallowly buried underground structures and underground structures around seismic zones that are susceptible to strong direct downward earthquakes should be emphasized. 3. The pressure on the bottom of the side wall and the top and bottom of the mid-pillar can be reduced by about 50-60% after setting the ring spring-friction pendulum isolation bearing in the Dakai station. The axial pressure ratio of the mid-pillar can be reduced to less than 0.5, the shear force can be reduced by 30-50%, the horizontal relative displacement of the structure can be reduced to less than 3 cm, the span deflection of the roof of the structure can be reduced to less than 5 cm, and the pressure and shear force on the end of the side wall can be increased, but no large deformation is caused. Furthermore, although the pressure and shear force at the end of the side walls increase, they do not cause a large deformation, giving full play to the resistance capacity of each structure member and reducing the deformation of the structure in all directions. In general, the ring spring-friction pendulum bearing proposed in this paper can play the role of seismic isolation and damping for underground structures. However, the research in this paper is only for shallowly buried underground structures and underground structures constructed using the open excavation method.