# Vision System in Product Quality Control Systems
## 2 Vision System in the Quality Control Systems  
Industrial production is inextricably linked to the continuous evaluation and improvement of \"product quality\". However, what is \"product quality\"? The product can be evaluated in two stages. The first stage includes the control of the product manufacturing parameters and technical parameters of the product itself. In the next stage, product quality assessment was carried out by product users/customers. Product quality assessment carried out in both stages was carried out on the basis of other parameters. Functional design quality is the parameter that describes the project in the context of the function being implemented. Proper preparation of the product requires experience in selecting a solution that fulfils the assumed function of the product. Next, it requires considering the issues related to the preparation of the product technology. The quality of the project determines the degree of satisfaction of the recipient with the manner and scope of the functions performed included in the prepared product design. Product performance quality is the degree of compliance of product parameters with the parameters assumed in the project documentation. It is assumed that the quality of the product is correct if the parameters describing the product are within the tolerances adopted in the design documentation. In many cases, the parameters adopted in the design documentation are also accompanied by descriptive parameters defining the \"aesthetics of the product\". All noncompliance with the assumed parameters is indicated as defects of the product. By defining the role of vision systems in implementing quality control tasks, we are talking about tasks related to controlling the product performance quality. This quality can be described by parameters describing selected features of the product. The task of the vision system is to indicate features that, in the parametric evaluation, do not meet the design assumptions. It should be noted that the quality features will be strongly related to the industry [26; 27; 28]. We speak of \"manufacturing defects\" or \"manufacturing deficiencies\" in industrial terminology. Their formation is most influenced by malfunctions of machines and equipment, defects in raw materials and materials, errors made by operators, organization of production, and incorrect or insufficient technical control. The quality of product workmanship can be determined on the basis of measurements and tests carried out in the production process in manufacturing quality control operations. Functional quality and product workmanship are described together as the potential quality of the product. This is verified by users who determine the actual degree of satisfaction of their needs. Vision systems are currently taking over control and measurement operations by operators on production lines. This is due to the significant increase in the productivity of production lines and the expansion of inspection tasks in many industries. In many cases, the operator cannot effectively carry out the required control tasks. This is mainly due to the increase in inspection frequency associated with increased production efficiency. The lack of repeatability of inspections due to the monotony of the performed task and operator fatigue also greatly influence the outcomes. There is also a need to observe phenomena in the environment that are aggressive for humans and those that the human eye cannot register (e.g., due to the wavelength range dangerous for health conditions of technological operations) [29; 30]. Applying a vision system to perform tasks within product quality control can be divided into research and implementation. As part of the research and preparation design of the vision system, research should be carried out in the field of recognition, description of the measurement task, and the development of a feasibility study [31]. Research should be carried out taking into account the specific operating conditions of the designed vision system.