## 3 Areas and Modern Technologies of Industry 4.0 and 5.0
The Internet of Things enables connectivity between machines, sensors, and systems in real time, which allows the collection and analysis of data from the entire production chain. The IoT increases operational transparency, automates processes, and supports data-driven decision-making, providing the foundation for smart factories. Cybersecurity (L12). Cybersecurity is a set of strategies and tools designed to protect industrial systems from digital threats. In the context of Industry 4.0, it plays a key role in ensuring the data integrity and the stability of connected networks, minimizing the risk of attacks, operational disruptions, or loss of trust. Wireless Communication/5G (L13). Wireless communication based on 5G technology provides ultra-fast data transmission, low latency and connection stability. This enables the implementation of advanced industrial applications such as autonomous robots, remote control, and augmented reality, improving communication between devices in real time. Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML) (L21). Artificial intelligence and machine learning enable automatic pattern recognition in data and decision-making based on data--without the need to explicitly program every rule. In industry, they contribute to process optimization, predictive maintenance, and intelligent production control. Big Data and Data Analytics (L22). Big Data and advanced data analytics allow for processing huge amounts of information from various sources. This allows companies to discover hidden patterns, identify inefficiencies, and better plan and predict operational activities. IT Support Systems (L23). IT support systems include tools for resource management, production planning (ERP, MES), and performance and quality monitoring. They enable an integrated approach to enterprise management, supporting automation, and data-driven decision-making. Cloud Computing (L31). Cloud computing enables flexible access to computing power and IT resources, without the need for on-premises infrastructure. In the context of industry, it increases scalability, facilitates real-time collaboration, and supports the rapid implementation of innovations. 3D Printing (Additive Manufacturing) (L32). Three-dimensional printing enables fast and flexible production of elements without the use of traditional tools and moulds. It facilitates product customization, shortens time to market, and allows for small-scale production with minimal material losses. Robotics and Automation/Autonomous Production Systems (L33). Robotic and autonomous production systems facilitate independent execution of complex tasks without human intervention. They increase efficiency, reduce errors, and enable quick adaptation to dynamic production conditions. Augmented and Virtual Reality (AR/VR) (L34). Augmented and virtual reality technologies support design, training, and remote management. They enable interactive process visualization and simulation of operations in secure, digital environments, increasing the flexibility and precision of operations. Human-Centered Robotics (New-Generation Cobots) (L41). New-generation cobots are designed to work safely with humans in the production space. They facilitate the integration of human and machine competencies, supporting workers physically and cognitively, while increasing operational efficiency and safety. Hyper-Personalized Production (L42). Hyper-personalized production enables the creation of highly personalized products tailored to the individual customer needs. It is based on data, flexible technologies, and advanced automation, responding to increasing customer expectations and supporting the on-demand production model. Neuromorphic Computers and Brain-Machine Interfaces (L43). Neuromorphic computing systems and brain-machine interfaces facilitate direct communication between digital systems and the human nervous system. They support the development of intelligent decision support systems by combining technology with human biological functioning. Ethical AI and Social Responsibility (L44).