## 6 Discussion and Conclusions  
In this work, we first study the geo-sensor networks and geo-sensor services and present a user flexible DIY geo-sensor framework, which can be used for virtually uploading the geo-sensor networks' objects and services in the cyber world. The proposed work first focuses on the design of a geo-sensor framework based on multiple sensor platforms and geo platforms instances for the deployment of multiple geo-sensor services to the geo-sensor framework. Every time a user wishes to upload a geo-sensor network to the geo-sensor framework, the user gets dedicated instances of the sensor platform and geo platform for uploading of the geo-sensor network and geo-sensor services. Once uploaded, the authorized users can access the available geo-sensor services via the geo-sensor platform. The proposed framework provides real-time context data management using the geo-sensor composite toolbox. Using such a setup, it is possible to easily add other systems providing sensor nodes and map the information to the geo-sensor platform in order to make the geo-sensor networks easily accessible and manageable. Many works and projects have been done in geo-sensing, mainly focusing on the goal of collecting real-time spatial and environmental data. Most of these studies relied on volunteers for the data collection process [65; 66]. The people-centric sensing involved the data collection done by people carrying mobile sensors to various locations [67]. Many of the proposed approaches were one way or the other, solely for the benefit of specific entities, companies, or organizations trying to carry out research of data collection for their specific purposes. [PERSON] et al. [11] pointed out this fact and started a DIY project (CUSS) with an aim to involve people in not only the data collection process but also in the decision-making process based on the collected data. The project CUSS is in its initial stages and has limitations in its definitions and applications. The users in CUSS are also not provided with the facilities of creating their own geo-sensor services and managing them via a geo-sensing composite toolbox, instead, the CUSS is currently more focused on data collection by DIY VOs created by users. It provides a sensing visualization for a smart city's overall environmental picture and smart city decisions. Whereas, we provide a framework that users can use to create their own scenario-based virtual geo-sensor networks by binding the objects as VOs and service creation. Table 3 shows the comparisons of our deployed framework and CUSS. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c} \hline
**Work** & **SOAP** & **REST** \\ \hline Style & Protocol & Architectural style \\ Function & Function driven & Data driven \\ Data Format & XML & Diverse data formats (e.g., JSON, plain text, HTML, XML) \\ Security & WS-Security and SSL & SSL and HTTPS \\ Bandwidth & More resources & Fewer resources \\ Data Cache & No & Yes \\ \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 2: SOAP web services vs. REST web services. Further, in this work, we have implemented the geo-sensor services based on the RESTful protocol and SOAP protocol and drawn comparisons among both the web services performance in terms of various operation response times. In Table 4, we present the average performance result comparisons between the REST web services and SOAP web services, and we also take out the average difference between the performances of both services in terms of execution time for various geo-sensor operations evaluated above, such as sensor binding, map navigation, map viewer, and map management. Map management includes the operations of map loading, building map actions, floor map actions, map zoom in, and map zoom out. We can clearly observe from the results that the RESTful web services are better suited and efficient for the deployment of such frameworks with multiple platforms. **Author Contributions:** [PERSON] and [PERSON] designed the geo-sensor system. [PERSON] implemented the system and performed experiments and testing.