## 4 Experimental Results
### Analysis of Results  
#### 4.4.1 Experiment 1: Traffic Situational Awareness  
The road traffic status identification is performed based on the monitoring dataset of traffic situation awareness as an example. Figure 5 shows the results of the road traffic situation awareness of the Yangjiaping road section on 21 November 2021. The horizontal coordinate is the time, and the time range is from 0:00 a.m. to 24:00 a.m. The interval of each dataset is 15 min. In contrast, the vertical coordinate is the calculated traffic situation level. From the graph, we can see that after daytime, the number of travelers starts to increase, and the traffic pattern is in a state of constant change. During the period from 0:00 to 5:00 (horizontal coordinates 0-20 in the figure), there are inevitable fluctuations in traffic flow on the roadway, and the traffic pattern is generally smooth. During the morning peak hours of 8:00 to 10:00 (horizontal coordinates 32-40 in the figure), there is a clear trend of fluctuation, indicating that the number of vehicles is increasing at this time. At the same time, also during this period, the traffic situation level reached the highest value of the day, indicating that the situation level obtained through the calculation is generally consistent. In addition, there are fluctuations in the values of the situation level between 21:00 and 23:00 (horizontal coordinates 84-92 in the figure), which is due to the fact that only a single factor of traffic flow is considered, without considering the influence of other factors, which has some errors on the evaluation results. Still, the situation prediction results are in transition from moderate congestion to the open state. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Road Number** & \(+U_{11}\) & \(+U_{12}\) & \(-U_{13}\) & \(+U_{14}\) & \(+U_{21}\) & \(-U_{22}\) & \(-U_{23}\) & \(-U_{31}\) & \(-U_{32}\) & \(-U_{33}\) \\ \hline  
For an intuitive comparison, the traffic flow data and the traffic situational awareness results of the road section are selected for comparison. The comparison of the road traffic flow and situation awareness results is shown in Figure 6.  
According to the data in the figure, the traffic flow of this road section fluctuates in the interval of [0,200] from 0:00 to 5:00 a.m., and the traffic situation identification result is smooth on the whole. From 5:00 to 9:00 a.m., the traffic flow generally increases and has a significant fluctuation trend, and the road traffic situation level in this period gradually changes from an open state to a severely congested state, which is consistent with the traffic state entering the morning peak period. From 9:00 to 10:00, the traffic situation perception results change dynamically among three levels of light, moderate and severe congestion. From 10:00 to 12:00, the traffic flow decreases, and the traffic pattern level changes from moderate con  
Figure 5: Road traffic situational awareness results. Figure 6: Comparison of the road traffic flow and situation awareness results. The purpose of travel in the vicinity of the study area is mostly commuting to work and school, and often the workplace (destination) and home (origin) are not in the same area, which can cause a surge in road traffic flow. The calculated road traffic situation values fluctuate significantly from 8:00 to 10:00 (horizontal coordinates 32-40 in the figure). This corresponds to the state of the road in the morning peak. The evening peak of the road starts at 17:00 (horizontal coordinate 68 in the figure), when residents start to leave school or go home from work. Residents return to their home (destination) from their workplace and school (origin), which also causes traffic fluctuations. In contrast to the morning peak, the evening peak lasts for a long time. The reason for this is that the residents have their time allocated more freely in the evening, which could lead them to spend more time on the city roads.