## 3 Result
### Experiment Results
#### 3.1.2 Questionnaire Survey Results  
Subjects completed the evaluation survey at the experiment's conclusion. In an unfamiliar environment, travelers focused on the overall environment, particularly the relationship between guidance signage and the surroundings. The visual attention survey results indicate a noticeable change in travelers' attention levels. The tables below display the results of the taskless experiment evaluation (Tables 2 and 3). In the task-driven experiment, participants were asked to navigate within the hub, searching for destinations and signage along pedestrian pathways. This suggests that participants may focus more on the relationship between the overall environment of the hub and the directional signage. Consequently, their evaluation results shifted, reflecting changes in how they perceived the signage itself. These changes, influenced by varying levels of visual attention, were primarily evident in the evaluation of signage visibility and information clarity. The tables below show the evaluation result of the task-driven experiment (Tables 4 and 5). \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c} \hline \hline  & **Not at All** & **Slightly** & **Moderately** & **Very** & **Extremely** \\ \hline Readability & 0\% & 0\% & 12\% & 35\% & 54\% \\ Blocking rate & 0\% & 4\% & 4\% & 12\% & 81\% \\ Completeness & 0\% & 4\% & 23\% & 54\% & 19\% \\ Concise clarity & 0\% & 0\% & 12\% & 62\% & 27\% \\ Hierarchy & 0\% & 4\% & 31\% & 31\% & 35\% \\ Consistency & 0\% & 4\% & 19\% & 50\% & 27\% \\ Informativeness & 4\% & 0\% & 4\% & 8\% & 85\% \\ Visual attention & 0\% & 4\% & 38\% & 31\% & 27\% \\ Attention of sign & 12\% & 58\% & 0\% & 31\% & 0\% \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 2: Evaluation Results of Pudong in Taskless Experiment. Figure 10: Mean Fixation Duration. (**a**) Pudong Airport scenario; (**b**) Xi’an North Railway Station scenario. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c} \hline \hline  & **Not at All** & **Slightly** & **Moderately** & **Very** & **Extremely** \\ \hline Readability & 0\% & 0\% & 19\% & 45\% & 35\% \\ Blocking rate & 0\% & 6\% & 3\% & 55\% & 35\% \\ Completeness & 0\% & 3\% & 26\% & 58\% & 13\% \\ Concise clarity & 0\% & 13\% & 26\% & 48\% & 13\% \\ Hierarchy & 0\% & 19\% & 26\% & 52\% & 3\% \\ Consistency & 0\% & 0\% & 10\% & 84\% & 6\% \\ Informativeness & 16\% & 0\% & 29\% & 3\% & 52\% \\ Visual attention & 0\% & 13\% & 45\% & 23\% & 19\% \\ Attention of sign & 3\% & 16\% & 0\% & 55\% & 26\% \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 3: Evaluation Results of Xi’an in Taskless Experiment. In legibility, defacement rate, signage size, and brightness surveys, Pudong Airport outperforms in signage visibility. When subjects focus on the signage, their attention primarily goes to objective visual recognition and the signage's objective setting. This suggests some signs at Xi'an North Railway Station lack visibility and have relatively unreasonable sizes. Conversely, Xi'an North Railway Station's signage is more eye-catching than Pudong Airport's. However, when focusing on guidance signage amidst other signs and the overall environment, it falls short in prominence and eye-catching effectiveness. As a comprehensive terminal, Pudong Airport, with its long walking distances, requires more extensive signage. The scarcity of signage leads to inefficiencies in travelers' information access, resulting in insufficient evaluation of eye-catching aspects. The evaluation of information quantity and coherence for single signs at Xi'an North Railway Station is subpar, contributing to low efficiency in travelers obtaining information. Redundancies in information settings within the hub lead to inadequate guidance efficiency. Conversely, positive evaluations of signage information expression at Pudong Airport are higher, with an appropriate amount of information in a single sign. In the overall environment, a simple and clear sign is more easily captured by travelers.