# Application-Aware SDN-Based Iterative Reconfigurable Routing Protocol for Internet of Things (IoT)
## 5 Proposal of SADFIR
### Network Forwarding Phase (NFP) of SADFIR
To this end, we consider network lifetime, network stability, and energy consumption ratio to measure the performance of the proposed models. To prove the significance of our outcomes, we conducted the same experiments for multiple times. We presented the average results in comparison with Advanced Centralized Energy Efficient Clustering (ACEEC) [32], Multi-Hop Centralized Energy Efficient Clustering (MCEEC) [33], Energy Efficient Scalable Routing Algorithm (ESRA) [34], and Energy-Balanced routing protocol (EBRP) [35] the state-of-the-art routing protocols. We conduct all of our experiments on the server with an Intel(R) Core(TM) CPU i5-8350U (1.7 GHz) and 8 GB of RAM. The SADFIR routing protocol is simulated in MATLAB environment. Figure 7: Flowchart of proposed model. In the simulation results, we analyze the performance on different scales of network parameters to identify the significance of the proposed model. In particular, we first consider various numbers of network areas, such as; 100 m \(\times\) 100 m, 200 m \(\times\) 200 m, 300 m \(\times\) 300 m 600 m \(\times\) 600 m, 800 m, and 1000 m \(\times\) 1000 m, in which we disperse 100 sensor nodes. In addition, to measure the performance based on residual energy of sensor nodes, we consider various numbers of initial energy levels, such as; \(0.5,1.0,1.5,2.0,2.5\), and 3.0 and disperse the 100 sensor nodes in the network areas described above, respectively. In the end, we also consider the impact of multiple numbers of sensor nodes dispersed in the 100 m \(\times\) 100 m network area and measure the number of packets received by the BS. In which, all the sensor nodes are connected with distributed multiple SDN controllers which reside at the control layer of BS. Meanwhile, BS is physically located at the top of the network. The rest of the simulation parameters are given in Table 2.

### Network Lifetime and Network Stability

Network lifetime and network stability are the most important factors to measure the performance of any routing protocol in WSNs. Specifically, the network lifetime represents the total interval time from the start of the network until the death of all nodes. In contrast, network stability periods represent the total interval time from the start of the network until the death of the first node. In this subsection, we measure the network lifetime and network stability period and highlights the achieved performance through graphs. In Figure 8, we indicate the network lifetime and network stability period of the proposed model. In particular, we dispersed the 100 sensor nodes in the network areas of 100 m \(\times\) 100 m, 200 m \(\times\) 200 m, 300 m \(\times\) 300 m 600 m \(\times\) 600 m, 800 m \(\times\) 800 m, and 1000 m \(\times\) 1000 m and run the proposed model for 5000 communication rounds. The proposed model outperforms the state-of-the-art protocols and achieves the average of 43% and 13% better network lifetime and better network stability, respectively. The major reason behind this network efficiency is because the SDN controller develops the new routing scheme for each period and avoid the reconfigurations until the model produces the acceptable forwarding. Also, the forwarding phase of the proposed model controls the forwarding of identical information and wait until the new or critical information arrives. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{l c} \hline \hline
**Parameter** & **Value** \\ \hline Network size & various (described result-wise) \\ Initial Energy & various (described result-wise) \\ Network nodes & various (described result-wise) \\ Percentage of CHs & 10\% \\ Data Packet size & 4000 bit \\ Transmit amplifier (Eamp) & 100 pj/bit/m2 \\ Data Aggregation Energy cost & 50 pj/bit J \\ Transmitter Electronics (EelectTx) & 50 nJ/bit \\ Receiver Electronics (EelecRx) & 50 nJ/bit \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 2: General simulation parameters.