## 1 Introduction
### Motivations and Contributions  
PLS analysis in symbiotic-based communication systems using the signals of radio frequency sources in the environment remains a challenge. To address this gap in the literature, a new heterogeneous SR model is proposed for spectrum sensing-based PLS analysis in the presence of sensing errors without knowledge of BS activity. In this model, there are BSs broadcasting to the environment, an HT in a symbiotic relationship with a BS, a WiFi access point used by HT for energy harvesting, a jammer in cooperation with HT and BS, an information receiver (IR), and EDs trying to access the information of HT-BS. To the best of the author's knowledge, no analysis on maximizing the secrecy rate in the presence of sensing errors for spectrum sensing-based heterogeneous SR with multiple EDs has been reported in the open technical literature. Different from [11; 12; 22; 23; 40; 45; 50], the system model in this paper is the first approach that maximizes the secrecy rate by establishing a symbiotic relationship network between BS and HT, taking into account the sensing errors under the change in the number of EDs and the jamming signal power. Unlike [34; 38; 39; 43; 47; 48; 49], the BS node is considered as an ambient radio frequency source (e.g., TV tower) as in [23; 37]. While the spectrum sensing proposed in [28; 29; 45; 51] is performed for CRN, the PLS analysis proposed in this paper is considered for heterogeneous SR. In the proposed system model, the effect of multiple EDs on the system performance is tested as in [41; 42], where the BS acts as a jammer after its transmission protocol reaches its destination, reducing the SNR of the EDs. The WiFi access point located in the indoor cell transforms the system into a heterogeneous structure and contributes to the energy harvested by the HT, as in [12]. While in [18; 40; 41; 52] there is no jammer, in this model, there is a friendly jammer that prevents the information from reaching the ED. Unlike [22; 47; 48; 49], this jammer is also considered as an energy source for HT. HT is a user equipped with spectrum sensing unit, energy harvesting circuit, backscatter circuit, and active bit transmission unit. The HT works as a relay in one part of the time scheme, while in the other part of the time scheme, it utilizes the ambient signals and uses the harvested energy for active bit transmission. Unlike [11; 18; 23; 42], this system is based on spectrum sensing. Absence of sensing error is the best and ideal situation in terms of system performance. However, in order to be realistic, the system model is designed and analyzed based on sensing errors. Finally, in this study, the average secrecy rate obtained for four different possible scenarios (mutualism scenario, idle scenario, interference scenario, silent BS-active HT scenario), depending on the activity of the BS, and the detection error of the HT is evaluated according to symbiotic/nonsymbiotic, with sensing error/without sensing error benchmarks, and the results are shown graphically. The main contributions of this paper can be summarized as follows:  
* In the system model, a symbiotic relationship is established between the BS broadcasting to the environment and the HT using the BS's communication infrastructure. This paper is the first approach for spectrum sensing-based heterogeneous SR in the presence of EDs, where the secrecy rate is maximized by considering sensing errors. * While information security in traditional communication systems is provided by cryptography-based authentication and encryption methods with high computational complexity, the secrecy rate performance in this paper is evaluated in terms of spectrum sensing-based physical layer security. * Unlike similar approaches in the literature, the proposed system has a heterogeneous SR network structure. The impact of the signal strength of the cooperative jammer and the number of EDs on the secrecy rate in SR networks is evaluated under different possible scenarios in the presence of sensing errors.