## 4 The Proposed Scheme
### Privacy-Preserved Security Energy Trading
#### 4.2.4 Transaction
Blockchain technology is now made up of a significant number of heterogeneous blockchains due to its ongoing development. In the future, \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c} \hline \hline
**Entity** & **Communication Overhead** \\ \hline Alice & 1.394 KB \\ Bob & 0.794 KB \\ KGC & 1.027 KB \\ TBN & 1.037 KB \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 6: Communication overhead of each entity. Figure 10: Storage overhead comparison with CS2V [8]. our scheme needs to be tested on a variety of blockchains, and its latency and throughput should be improved according to specific energy trading scenarios. ## 7 Conclusions

In this study, we present a privacy protection solution for IIoT energy trading that is based on IBS and Paillier homomorphic encryption. In order to protect the confidentiality and security of the nodes' identification information during the trading process, IBS is especially utilized to offer anonymous IDs for energy trading nodes. The transaction value is encrypted using the Paillier homomorphic encryption technique, ensuring the privacy of both parties' transaction data. Additionally, PCN's off-chain transaction mechanism and cloud-assisted off-chain storage mechanism minimize the resource restrictions caused by protracted confirmation periods and high transaction costs on the blockchain network. The security analysis and simulation results demonstrate that the proposed method in this study offers benefits over [8] in terms of computation overhead and storage overhead and that the proposed scheme's communication cost is tolerable. In addition, this scheme realizes the dual privacy protection of user identity and transaction information that is not realized in most current energy trading schemes. In future research work, the scheme needs to be further tested on a variety of blockchains, and the computation overhead of each entity needs to be reduced. Conceptualization, Y.F., Y.L. and X.F. ; methodology, Y.F., X.F., H.W. and Y.X. ; software, Y.X. and H.W. ; validation, H.W. and Q.Q. ; formal analysis, H.W. and Y.X. ; investigation, Y.X. and Q.Q. ; writing--original draft preparation, H.W. and Y.X. ; writing--review and editing, Y.F., Y.L., Q.Q. and H.W. ; visualization, H.W. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript. This research was funded by the Yunnan Key Laboratory of Blockchain Application Technology under Grant 202105 AG070005 (YNB202111) and by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant 62062047 and Grant 61662042. Not applicable. The data used to support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon request. The authors declare no conflict of interest. ## References

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