## 2 Materials and Methods  
Since this research aims to identify the key connections between the resilience of POEs and managerial actions related to green transitions, a previously established theoretical model that outlines resilience and highlights external factors that negatively affect it was used [20; 21]. While green transitions serve as a latent variable within this model, they can both disrupt the balance and enhance the resilience of POEs [7; 22]. These transitions involve various engineering innovations that push the maritime industry toward greater sustainability, such as autonomous shipping, which improves navigation and safety; green technologies like hybrid and liquefied natural gas (LNG) engines; advanced materials that promote fuel efficiency; and digitalization through Internet of Things (IoT) devices for real-time operational monitoring and predictive maintenance. Furthermore, innovations in navigation systems, energy storage, port automation, and cybersecurity support cleaner operations [23], including strategical decisions on reducing energy consumption through applying an innovative technological behavioral system for transport flows [24]. While these advancements contribute significantly to reducing emissions and promoting sustainable practices [23], effective implementation is often challenged by human behavioral risks [25]. The success of green transitions relies heavily on flexible decision-making and leadership types [26], enabling ports to adapt to new technologies and foster a culture of sustainability [21; 27]. To address the challenges within the POE and improve its resilience while promoting green transitions, it is essential to explore effective managerial interventions. This is particularly important due to the absence of comprehensive assessment systems for monitoring the progress of green ports and transitions, as the triple-bottom-line approach to sustainability is inadequate for capturing the full complexity of green transition advancements. Despite the growing importance of environmental performance in port operations, there is a notable absence of standardized tools and methodologies to quantify and track green transitions [28; 29; 30; 31]. This gap not only complicates efforts to evaluate progress, but also limits the ability to set actionable sustainability targets. The complexity of green port development--demanding integrated resource management, multi-objective decision-making, and consideration of hinterland connectivity--requires sophisticated approaches beyond traditional economic models [28]. Therefore, developing a structured system of managerial interventions is vital for addressing systemic barriers, optimizing resource allocation, fostering collaboration, and effectively measuring progress toward sustainability goals [32; 33]. Such a framework is essential for navigating the complexities of green transitions and achieving both resilience and accelerated progress. This research employs a combined methodology of focus group interviews and participatory observation. Focus groups facilitate group discussions aimed at identifying perceptions, thoughts, and impressions of selected participants regarding a particular research topic. It is crucial that participants perceive these discussions as non-threatening, encouraging them to express any opinion freely, whether or not it is shared by other participants. Focus group discussions gathered insights from participants about the research topic, providing valuable perspectives often overlooked in quantitative studies [34]. Participatory observation allowed the researcher to engage with stakeholders during various conferences and sessions, gaining first-hand insights and a deeper understanding of the subject [35]. Two focus groups were formed to encompass diverse stakeholders in the maritime field. The first group included experts from the maritime industry in Lithuania, while the second group comprised international experts from countries such as France, Slovenia, Germany, Latvia, Estonia, and Poland.