###### Abstract  
Due to its ability to improve mechanical properties when incorporated into cement, graphene oxide (GO) has received extensive attention from scholars. Graphene oxide is also a filler that improves the self-sensing properties of cement composites (CCs). However, existing studies have not focused sufficient attention on the electric conductivity of cement composites filled with graphene oxide (GO/CCs) and their mechanisms, especially polarization. This study examines the effects of water content and temperature on the electrical conductivity of GO/CCs. GO/CC polarization phenomena are analyzed to reveal the conductive mechanism. The results show that water has a significant influence on the electrical conductivity of GO/CCs. With increasing water loss, the electrical resistivity of GO/CCs increases by four orders of magnitude. For the same water content, a 0.1% GO concentration significantly decreases the resistivity of GO/CCs. Temperature can significantly enhance the current intensity of GO/CCs; furthermore, there is a quadratic relationship between current intensity and temperature. The conductive mechanism of GO/CCs is attributed to the interaction between ionic conductivity and electronic conductivity. c 202420241428191472819202420241428192024202414281920242024142819  
inside the building. In addition, the sensor material has a different coefficient of expansion than concrete, which can lead to damage within the structure as a result [3]. Currently, the modification of cement and CCs is a better method. Cement and cement composite materials have deformation- and damage-sensing properties. After the installation of strain sensors, the sensors have the same life as the civil engineering structure and do not cause internal damage. The use of strain sensors is the most promising research area for structural health monitoring [4; 5]. The application of carbon nanomaterials in cement has received a lot of attention from researchers. These carbon nanomaterials include carbon black, carbon nanotubes, graphene and its derivatives, etc. [6; 7]. The addition of carbon nanomaterials to cementitious materials can improve many aspects of electrical conductivity, mechanical properties, crack resistance, durability, and thermal conductivity [6; 7; 8; 9]. It is widely accepted that the dispersion of carbon nanomaterials is still the key factor inhibiting the performance of composites. As a typical derivative of graphene, graphene oxide (GO) is usually regarded as a monolayer of graphene with oxygen-containing functional groups attached to the surface. Due to the oxygen-containing functional groups attached to the surface of GO, it has better dispersibility than other carbon nanomaterials [10]. There has been an investigation into cement composites (CCs) filled with graphene oxide (GO) (GO/CCs), and the addition of GO enhances the cement's self-sensing properties and thermoelectric properties. GO can promote cement hydration [11; 12], and the cement matrix can form a denser microstructure [13; 14; 15]. Despite the high cost of GO manufacturing, the optimal GO content is usually in the range of 0.03 wt% to 0.1 wt% [12; 13; 14]. The cost is not prohibitive from the point of view of manufacturing the sensor and monitoring it over time. It has been found that the tunneling effect of carbon nanomaterials is an important factor affecting the pressure-sensitive properties of cement composites [16]. As graphene has a unique two-dimensional structure, its structure allows electrons to move at high speeds on the graphene surface, with very short electron migration paths and almost no interference from lattice impurities and defects. Therefore, graphene and its derivatives have very high electron mobility and excellent electrical conductivity. When the distance between graphene layers is short enough (usually less than a few nanometers), electrons can jump between neighboring graphene layers via the quantum tunneling effect, thus achieving electron conduction [17; 18; 19].