## 3 Materials and Methods
### Data Generation  
Chunghwa Telecom provides service for three frequency bands, N1, N3, and N78. N78 is located in the C-Band frequency range and has an operating frequency of 3500 MHz. The following radio coverage analysis focuses on implementing the N78 frequency band. Supported channel Bandwidths for the N78 band are divided into different channels (10-100 MHz). The most popular channel bandwidth for N78 is 100 MHz, the maximum supported channel bandwidth. Smaller channel widths are prevalent in early N78 deployment before spectrum auctions. Regarding the location of the antenna, it sat at the top of the Industry 4.0 Implementation Center building, with a relative height of 5.3 m from the ground. The azimuth and down-tilt values of the antenna are 150\({}^{\circ}\) and 35\({}^{\circ}\). Additionally, its transmitting power is 40 dBm (10 W). The height of the user equipment (UE or client) is assumed to be 1.5 m above the ground. Table 4 represents the 5G network coverage simulation parameters. Material penetration losses are proportional to the frequency value. A slight frequency increment can generate different radio propagation results. Advanced electromagnetic radio simulators contain material libraries for accurate environment representation. In this study, these values are in the WinProp Material library, which includes an extensive catalog of common materials for indoor and outdoor spaces. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c} \hline \hline
**Parameters** & **Value** \\ \hline Frequency band & N78 \\ Operating frequency & 3500 MHz \\ Bandwidth & 100 MHz \\ BS antenna height & 5.3 m \\ Azimuth & 150\({}^{\circ}\) \\ \hline Down-tilt & 35\({}^{\circ}\) \\ BS transmit power & 40 dBm \\ Receiver height & 1.5 m \\ Receiver power & 23 dBm \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 4: 5G parameters for radio simulation. Figure 1: Testing environment. (**A**) Layout (CAD file). (**B**) Antenna at the testing site. The radio coverage simulation utilizes deterministic software (WinProp, Altair Software Inc., Troy, MI, USA), which is in charge of data modeling. Figure 2 shows 5G radio signal coverage contours in the CAD file layout. This figure combines simulation parameters and test environment materials listed in Tables 4 and 5. The WinProp software can export the data generated by the simulation process with the parameters we mentioned in the last subsections. The generated data contains power and distance values (expressed in the cartesian coordinate system) and can be saved as a dataset that consists of 1283 samples, as Table 6 shown. The first column represents the horizontal plane (x plane), the second column represents the vertical plane (y plane), and the last column stores the power value expressed in dBm. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c} \hline \hline
**X** & **Y** & **dBm** \\ \hline
30,945.269 & 4874.697 & \(-48.047\) \\
30,946.269 & 4874.697 & \(-48.079\) \\
30,947.269 & 4874.697 & \(-48.811\) \\
30,948.269 & 4874.697 & \(-50.194\) \\ \([\,\dots\,]\) & \([\,\dots\,]\) & \([\,\dots\,]\) \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 6: Simulation values in WinProp. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c} \hline \hline
**Material** & **Size (mm)** & **Transmission Loss (dB)** & **Reflection Loss (dB)** \\ \hline Concrete & 300 & 28.95 & 7.51 \\ Brick & 300 & 20.11 & 9.52 \\ Wood & 150 & 6.18 & 11.43 \\ Metal & 5 & 750.2 & 0.05 \\ Glass & 5 & 1.72 & 7.53 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 5: Test environment material parameters. Figure 2: Predicted radio coverage on the test environment map. This data can be saved in a comma-separated values (.CSV) file. The generated radio simulation dataset represents the payload of the network. Payload transmission between client and server allows network performance analysis. The following section will study the different components required for data transmission.