# Analyzing the Factors Influencing Time Delays in Korean Railroad Accidents
## 3 Data Descriptions
### Details of Human- and Technical-Involved Events
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{l l c c} \hline \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**Category**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**Variables**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Proportion**} \\ \cline{3-4}  & & \multicolumn{1}{c}{**Human Factor**} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{**Technical Factor**} \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{Types of event (incident or accident)} & Train fire & 0.000 & 0.001 \\  & Crash & 0.004 & 0.001 \\  & Derailment & 0.010 & 0.013 \\  & Ground-level crossing (GL) & 0.056 & 0.001 \\  & Facility involved & 0.005 & 0.006 \\  & Human involved (related to trains) & 0.511 & 0.005 \\  & Human involved (not related to trains) & 0.242 & 0.006 \\  & High potential to develop into an event & 0.012 & 0.002 \\  & Delayed operation & 0.159 & 0.965 \\ Year occurred & Year (2008–2012) & - & - \\ Season occurred & Spring & 0.260 & 0.227 \\  & Summer & 0.265 & 0.284 \\  & Fall & 0.239 & 0.224 \\  & Winter & 0.235 & 0.264 \\ Types of train & Express & 0.079 & 0.282 \\  & Conventional & 0.518 & 0.469 \\  & Metro & 0.403 & 0.250 \\ Size of train operator & Large & 0.946 & 0.910 \\  & Middle & 0.014 & 0.013 \\  & Small & 0.040 & 0.077 \\ Location occurred & Crossing & 0.026 & 0.001 \\  & In station building & 0.405 & 0.419 \\  & Railroad within station & 0.043 & 0.044 \\  & Railroad outside station & 0.291 & 0.392 \\  & In cabin & 0.002 & 0.000 \\  & Train depot & 0.008 & 0.004 \\  & Others & 0.225 & 0.140 \\  & Public & 0.326 & - \\ Person type directly related to accidents & Passenger & 0.297 & - \\  & Crew member & 0.110 & - \\  & Control member & 0.016 & - \\  & Other staffs & 0.251 & - \\  & Disobeying rules & 0.060 & - \\ Cause directly related to human involved & Carelessness or errors & 0.420 & - \\  & Illegal act & 0.255 & - \\  & Suicide & 0.239 & - \\  & Other causes & 0.026 & - \\ Facility type directly related to accident & Rail or structures & - & 0.039 \\  & Signal or telecommunication & - & 0.135 \\  & Electric power & - & 0.047 \\  & Train & - & 0.728 \\  & Interface between facilities & - & 0.017 \\  & Others & - & 0.034 \\  & Old parts and defects & - & 0.356 \\ Cause directly related to facility involved & Installation related & - & 0.024 \\  & Design or production related & - & 0.093 \\  & Operation related & - & 0.009 \\  & Maintenance issues & - & 0.330 \\  & Other causes & - & 0.188 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 3: Summary statistics for explanatory variables. Concerning the type of railways, conventional trains play a predominant role in the occurrence of both accidents and incidents. Express trains, characterized by their relatively modern design and the presence of safety fences along their tracks, maintain a higher level of safety. Furthermore, most metro routes are situated underground, offering protection against adverse weather conditions and public intrusion. In contrast, conventional trains, employing relatively older vehicles and operating on ground sections without safety fences, are inherently more prone to experiencing a higher accident rate than the other train types. In the classification of train operators based on the number of routes they manage, operators overseeing two or three routes are categorized as 'Middle,' while those managing four or more routes fall into the 'Large' category. This categorization aids in understanding the scale and scope of train operations. Many accidents and incidents occur within station locations, particularly on concourses or platforms, with approximately 40% attributed to human factors and 42% linked to technical factors. In the domain of human factors, 42% of accidents can be attributed to carelessness or errors, such as careless behavior, unauthorized track crossings, close proximity to tracks, incorrect driving procedures, disregard for safety stops, and errors in track switching, among others. Conversely, in the domain of technical factors, approximately 69% of accidents are associated with aging or defects in specific parts themselves, or inadequate maintenance practices.