## 1 Introduction
A networking topology and routing algorithm must be developed to connect the cluster heads to the microcontrollers through a remotely situated base station. The communication between the base stations and the microcontrollers is proposed to be undertaken in peer-to-peer mode using four different channels to synchronize the communication speeds between slow-speed microcontrollers and high-speed base stations. The latest 5 th-generation networks have provided significant growth in low latency communication and high speeds, which support many missions' critical applications [26; 27], such as industrial automation, e-health, smart cities and autonomous cars, imposing stringent network performance requirements from communication networks. Healthcare-related mission-critical applications must have high availability, dependability, and low end-to-end latency [28]. For machine-type communication, the Internet of Things uses two cellular communication technologies: narrowband-IoT (NB-IoT) and LTE-M, which were created for low-power consumption devices and include expanded coverage, deep door signal penetration, and high availability [29; 30; 31]. These channels must adhere to duty cycle limitations, use permitted spectrum, and minimise interference from nearby devices. These conditions can be met using the Device-to-Device (D2D) paradigm to prevent complete disconnection between Cellular IoT (CIoT) devices [32]. Although NB-IoT does not entirely support LTE, it only uses 180 kHz of available bandwidth and offers three deployment options: in-band, guard band, and standalone. When two CIoT devices are close to one another, and one is still connected to an evolved node-b (eNB), it is possible to establish a direct communication link using D2D and relay packets from the failed device to the network infrastructure [33]. D2D might also be used to offload traffic from the CIoT network. Reducing energy consumption and E2E delay can be accomplished by offloading device traffic from the network [34; 35]. The use of a separate D2D network will help in improving the fault tolerance of the network. However, the real challenge is that the base stations are remotely situated from the devices making it more complicated to establish communication between the cluster heads and the remote controllers through base stations. More efficient networking that provides alternate paths of communication is required. The shortest path must be selected for communication, so that the data move to the service server with the least latency. There is a need to establish communication between the slow-speed and high-speed devices and networks, which leads to heavy failures. Heterogeneity results in significant failures and thus needs to be managed. Communication between the cluster heads and remotely situated microcontrollers is affected through base stations. The cluster heads and the microcontrollers communicate with the base stations through cellular communication. The risk of failure of the IoT network is very high due to failure of the base station and the presence of heterogeneity in the communication protocol. The remote base stations are out of sight to the devices that sense and transport data. A specialized networking topology is required to connect the devices to a redundant base station remotely situated from the cluster heads. Redundant base stations enhance the fault tolerance of the IoT network. The base stations communicate with the microcontrollers in peer-to-peer mode using parallel communication so that the speeds match. There should be an element of redundancy in the network to accommodate the link failures. Furthermore, communication must be done via the shortest path with the least traffic so as to minimise latency. **The following research questions are answered in this paper:**  
1. How will the longevity of the IoT network be affected due to the use of a single base station in the IoT network? 2. How to determine fault-free and fast responsive paths in a given IoT network
3.