## 4 Results  
### Patterns of Growing Season Precipitation and Crop Yield at the National Scale in Morocco  
The results from the vulnerability indexes previously discussed were consistent with the patterns of observed yields for the three crops involved in this analysis in Morocco. For example, wheat showed the lowest vulnerability index and the highest adaptive capacity index, and its yields were observed to be higher when compared to the other crops throughout the time series 1991-2020. This is consolidated by the fact that wheat has an equal, relatively higher R\({}^{2}\) for all the three crops of 0.24 or 24% (Figure 4a). Just as with the vulnerability indexes, barley showed the second highest yield trends throughout the series, while maize had the lowest. This are also consistent with their R\({}^{2}\), which was 0.107 (10.7%) and 0.103 (10.3%) for barley and maize, respectively.  
While wheat had higher yields throughout the time series, an interesting observation was that the highest R\({}^{2}\) for wheat was only around 24%, an indication that in general these crops are highly vulnerable, as shown by their recurrent up and down cyclical trends. These frequent cyclical trends of up and downs are indications that these crops have fluctuating yields and that the country experiences frequent droughts. This can be confirmed from the observations in the patterns of growing season precipitation (Figure 4b). In this context of growing season precipitation, it can be observed that throughout the series, wheat and barley showed the highest--and the same--amounts of precipitation during their growing season, while maize showed lower growing season precipitation throughout the series. The consistency in the growing season precipitation for wheat and barley is associated with the fact that the two crops are grown over the same growing season months (Figure 3).  
The results also showed the same R\({}^{2}\) for wheat and barley, which was higher than that of maize (Figure 4b). Another common phenomenon of the observed growing season precipitation was frequent fluctuations which tallied with those for yields, and consequently--like the vulnerability indexes--further depicted the influence of growing season precipitation on the yields of these crops. Evidently, maize is more affected, as reflected in its lower yields throughout the time series--trends that tallied with highly fluctuating growing season precipitation (Figure 4b). The parallel scatter plots for these three crops showed a general positive relationship between yield and growing season precipitation (Figure 5a-c). This is an indication that the cultivation of these crops is dependent on the growing season precipitation. However, due to high levels of variability in growing season precipitation in Morocco, the cultivation of these crops is likely affected. Barley showed the highest r and R\({}^{2}\), followed by wheat, and maize showed the lowest (Figure 5a-c). However, though these correlations and R\({}^{2}\) were positive, they were generally weak, meaning that there is a weak relationship between these crops and precipitation. This means that even though agriculture is essentially rainfed, other potential drivers of agriculture might be irrigation andfertilization. The results of declining precipitation in Morocco go a long way to supporting this finding.