# Digital Transformation of the Elymological Dictionary of Geographical Names
## 3 Model Design
### Georeferences
One may also consider unofficial data sources:
* Geonames ([[http://www.geonames.org/export/web-services.html](http://www.geonames.org/export/web-services.html)]([http://www.geonames.org/export/web-services.html](http://www.geonames.org/export/web-services.html)));
* OpenStreetMap (OSM; [[https://gis-support.pl/openstreetmap-jak-pobrac-dane/](https://gis-support.pl/openstreetmap-jak-pobrac-dane/)]([https://gis-support.pl/openstreetmap-jak-pobrac-dane/](https://gis-support.pl/openstreetmap-jak-pobrac-dane/)));
* Getty Thesaurus of Geographic Names(r) Online ([[https://www.getty.edu/research/tools/vocabularies/tgn/](https://www.getty.edu/research/tools/vocabularies/tgn/)]([https://www.getty.edu/research/tools/vocabularies/tgn/](https://www.getty.edu/research/tools/vocabularies/tgn/)));
* Mapster ([[http://igrek.amzp.pl/search.php?range=short](http://igrek.amzp.pl/search.php?range=short)]([http://igrek.amzp.pl/search.php?range=short](http://igrek.amzp.pl/search.php?range=short)));
* Wikipedia ([[https://www.wikipedia.org/](https://www.wikipedia.org/)]([https://www.wikipedia.org/](https://www.wikipedia.org/))). However, even when working with these sources, unexpected problems may be encountered. This can be illustrated by the example of _Altkemmitz--Stara Kamienica_. A request for the location of Stara Kamienica can be sent to PRNG via the SPARQL endpoint ([[http://semantic.geoportal.gov.pl/](http://semantic.geoportal.gov.pl/)]([http://semantic.geoportal.gov.pl/](http://semantic.geoportal.gov.pl/))): select?1?a <[[https://pzgik.geoportal.gov.pl/ontologies/prng/nazwaOllowna](https://pzgik.geoportal.gov.pl/ontologies/prng/nazwaOllowna)]([https://pzgik.geoportal.gov.pl/ontologies/prng/nazwaOllowna](https://pzgik.geoportal.gov.pl/ontologies/prng/nazwaOllowna))>|linebreak \" Stara Kamienica\"?a <[[http://www.opengis.net/ont/geoparql#hasGeometry](http://www.opengis.net/ont/geoparql#hasGeometry)]([http://www.opengis.net/ont/geoparql#hasGeometry](http://www.opengis.net/ont/geoparql#hasGeometry))>?g?g <[[http://www.opengis.net/ont/geoparql#awK7](http://www.opengis.net/ont/geoparql#awK7)]([http://www.opengis.net/ont/geoparql#awK7](http://www.opengis.net/ont/geoparql#awK7))>?1}limit 10 The response will be a WKT string: POINT (15.5720119127338 50.9200692737104). This point is located on the site of the ruins of the Stara Kamienica castle (an important building identified with the village). However, from the Wikipedia article (https://pl. Figure 7: Fragment of the Topographic Card of the Kingdom of Poland with marked objects potentially related to _Zavisna_: (**A**) _Neydorf_—a settlement (now the village of _Nova Wies Oleska_), (**B**) _Zavisna_—a settlement near the village of _Praszka_ (currently non-existent), (**C**) a mill that lies on the border of the former Kingdom of Poland (currently non-existent), and (**D**) _Folzurk Zavisna_ (currently, there are buildings in its place). wikipedia.org/wiki/Stara_Kamienica), the following location can be retrieved: 50 deg55'04\"N 15 deg33'49\"E (which is POINT (50.9177778 15.5636111)). By navigating further, this point can be visualized on a map with the aid of OpenStreet Map ([[https://www.openstreetmap.org/?mlat=50.917778&mlon=15.563611&zoom=11@map=16/50.9172/15.5641](https://www.openstreetmap.org/?mlat=50.917778&mlon=15.563611&zoom=11@map=16/50.9172/15.5641)]([https://www.openstreetmap.org/?mlat=50.917778&mlon=15.563611&zoom=11@map=16/50.9172/15.5641](https://www.openstreetmap.org/?mlat=50.917778&mlon=15.563611&zoom=11@map=16/50.9172/15.5641))). It turns out that the marker is placed outside the town (see Figure 8a). In addition, the list of previous town names published on Wikipedia only partially coincides with the names mentioned in SENSG and does not offer any references to the historical resources. This simple experiment showed that data obtained from unofficial sources should be treated with great caution. Perhaps the location given on Wikipedia is calculated as an administrative area centroid.