## 5 Results and Discussion  
### Influence of Bulk Material Distribution on Start-Up Dynamic Characteristics  
Starting under Harrison sinusoidal acceleration, the starting time \(T\) is 50 s, the maximum band speed under stable operations is 3.75 m/s, and the simulation time is 50 s. Then, the dynamic characteristic surface of the belt conveyor under empty-load, light-load and over-load is shown in Figure 10.  
In Figure 10, it can be seen from the tension-time history of all elements of the conveyor belt that during the starting process of the belt conveyor, the head needs to overcome the inertia of the body and the friction resistance of the system, which generates strong tension fluctuations. In particular, under the over-load, the influence on the tension of the conveyor belt is obvious, and this tension lasts for a long time. However, due to the length of the belt conveyor, the transmission of tension needs time to overcome the resistance along the way, so the amplitude of belt tension fluctuates after the number of segments decreases, which is consistent with the realistic tension distribution law of the belt conveyor. It also shows that the conveyor belt starts to accelerate at approximately 12 s at the initial section. The speed curve turns smooth after about 25 s and the belt speed reaches 3.75 m/s at 50 s,  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c} \hline \hline  & **Subsection** & **1–69** & **70–129** & **130–189** & **190–249** & **250–300** \\ \hline Empty-load & \(q_{G1}\)/kg/s & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 \\ \hline Light-load & \(q_{G2}\)/kg/s & 300 & 280 & 270 & 290 & 260 \\ \hline Over-load & \(q_{G3}\)/kg/s & 600 & 680 & 670 & 690 & 660 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}
Table 4: Section and corresponding load of the belt conveyor.  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c} \hline \hline
**Real Parameters** & **Numerical Value** & **Simulated Parameters** & **Numerical Value** \\ \hline Length of belt conveyor, & & Unit length of belt at & & 15 \\ \(L\) (m) & 4500 & bearing segment, \(l\) (m) & & \\ \hline Bandwidth, \(B\) (mm) & 1600 & Unit length of belt at & & 30 \\  & & & return segment, \(l\) (m) & & \\ \hline Belt speed, \(v\) (m/s) & 3.75 & Coefficient related to belt & & \\  & & & speed \(C^{\prime}v\) & & \\ \hline Conveying inclination, (\({}^{\circ}\)) & 8\({}^{\circ}\) & Coefficient independent & & \\  & & & of belt speed \(C_{v0}\) & & \\ \hline Upper idler spacing, (m) & 1.5 & Rheological constant, \(\tau\) & 0.8 \\ \hline Lower idler spacing, (m) & 3 & Conveyor belt stiffness & & \\  & & coefficient, \(k\) (kN/m) & & \\ \hline Elastic modulus, & & Damping coefficient of & & 3414 \\ \(E_{B}\) (kN/mm) & 160 & Conveyor belt, \(c\) (kN/m) & & \\ \hline Diameter of all idlers, (mm) & 159 & Unit mass of conveyor & & 53.472 \\  & & & belt, \(q_{B}\) (kg/m) & & \\ \hline Length between tensioning & & & Equivalent mass of & & 26.18 \\ device and head drum, (m) & 100 & & upper idler, \(q_{RO}\) (kg) & & \\ \hline Number of element, \(n\) & 450 & & Equivalent mass of lower & & \\  & & & idler, \(q_{RUI}\) (kg) & & 19.22 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}
Table 3: Real and simulated parameters of the belt conveyor.  
which is in line with the starting speed curve. From the time history of all unit displacements of the conveyor belt, it can be seen that the displacement of the conveyor belt keeps growing with increasing time and that the segment terminal of the conveyor belt fluctuates greatly.