## 3 Results
### Total Potato Yield and Yield of Dry Matter and Starch  
Treating potato tubers with EM microorganisms before planting, both with 10-min and 15-min exposures, led to a substantial increase in the total tuber yield, dry matter yield, and starch yield per unit area compared to the control object. Pre-planting treatments had a significant positive impact on key parameters, resulting in the following improvements: the yield of fresh tuber mass increased by 23.43%, dry matter yield increased by 25.89%, and the starch yield specifically increased by 24.78% with a shorter 10-min exposure. With a longer 15-min exposure to effective microorganisms, there were increases of 19.35% in the fresh tuber mass yield, 22.59% in the dry matter yield, and 21.47% in the starch yield. These results indicate the positive effects of pre-planting treatments on the crop yield and quality (Table 5). \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c} \hline \hline \multicolumn{1}{c}{**Experimental Factors *} & \multicolumn{4}{c}{**Yield (t ha\({}^{-1}\))**} \\ \cline{3-5}  & & **Yield of** & **Dry Mass Yield** & **Starch Yield** \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{Pre-planting treatments} & Control object & 37.78 a & 7.57 a & 5.73 a \\  & Exposition I & 46.63 b & 9.53 b & 7.15 b \\  & Exposition II & 45.09 b & 9.28 b & 6.96 b \\ \cline{2-5}  & HSD *** \(p_{\leq 0.05}\) & 2.37 & 0.42 & 0.33 \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{Cultivars} & ‘Denar’ & 48.57 c & 7.98 b & 6.05 b \\  & ‘Bellarosa’ & 38.09 a & 6.88 a & 5.23 a \\  & ‘Gwiazda’ & 43.56 b & 7.35 a & 5.71 b \\  & ‘Ignacy’ & 48.58 c & 8.79 b & 6.63 b \\  & ‘Owacja’ & 36.46 a & 6.56 a & 5.02 a \\  & ‘Vineta’ & 40.86 b & 7.86 b & 5.92 b \\  & ‘Finezja’ & 40.18 b & 9.56 bc & 7.20 c \\  & ‘Oberon’ & 39.88 b & 8.26 b & 6.21 b \\  & ‘Satina’ & 48.48 c & 10.33 c & 7.66 c \\  & ‘Tajfun’ & 42.97 b & 9.88 c & 7.46 c \\  & ‘Jelly’ & 41.42 b & 8.31 b & 6.17 b \\  & ‘Mondoe’ & 48.14 c & 10.49 c & 7.82 c \\  & ‘Syrena’ & 45.63 c & 9.42 bc & 7.05 c \\  & ‘Kuras’ & 41.56 b & 11.41c & 8.48 c \\ \cline{2-5}  & HSD \(p_{\leq 0.05}\) & 4.54 & 1.97 & 1.54 \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{Years} & 2017 & 45.47 b & 9.10 b & 6.84 b \\  & 2018 & 35.66 a & 7.35 a & 5.57 a \\ \cline{1-1}  & 2019 & 48.22 c & 9.89 c & 7.43 c \\ \cline{1-1} \cline{2-5}  & HSD \(p_{\leq 0.05}\) & 2.37 & 0.42 & 0.33 \\ \hline \multicolumn{5}{c}{Mean} & 43.17 & 8.79 & 6.61 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}  
* The notations remain consistent with those in Table 3.  
\end{table} 
Table 5: Yield of fresh mass, dry matter, and starch in potato tubers under the influence of pre-planting treatments, cultivars, and years. Genetic features of the examined cultivars significantly affected the tuber yield values and their quantitative and qualitative structure. The cultivar 'Ignacy' achieved the highest yield of fresh tuber weight, while the cultivars 'Denar', 'Mondeo', 'Satina, and 'Syrena' were homogeneous in terms of this parameter. In the next homogeneous group, based on yield, were the cultivars 'Finezja', 'Gwiazda', 'Jelly', 'Kuras', 'Oberon', 'Owacia', and 'Tajfun'. Cultivars 'Owacia', and 'Bellarosa' had the lowest tuber yield (Table 5). Among all of the cultivars tested, 'Kuras' exhibited the highest yield of dry matter and starch. 'Mondeo' and 'Satina' were grouped together in the same homogeneous group of cultivars (Table 5). In terms of the dry matter yield, the following cultivars formed the next group: 'Denar', 'Ignacy', 'Jelly', 'Oberon', and 'Vineta'. The cultivars with the lowest dry matter yield were 'Bellarosa', 'Gwiazda', and 'Owacia'. Regarding the starch yield, three primary homogeneous groups were also identified. Cultivars with the highest and homogeneous starch yield included 'Kuras', 'Satina', 'Tajfun', 'Mondeo', and 'Finezja'. Cultivars with the lowest starch yield comprised 'Bellarosa' and 'Owacia'. The remaining cultivars fell into the category of average starch yield (Table 5).