## 4 Case Studies: Impact on Pavement Asset Value Modeling
### Structural Life Extension  
Residual structural life can be calculated based on stress analysis using the numerical elastic half-space model method along with Equations (2) and (3). Structural life extension can be modeled by adjusting rehabilitation parameters such as overlay thickness and material quality. The overlay material may match the existing surface material, with the required thickness calculated accordingly. Alternatively, using a material with a higher modulus of elasticity can extend the residual life. The structural pavement condition value, which considers alternative overlay thicknesses, different moduli of elasticity, residual life extension, and rehabilitation costs, is presented in Table 6. These values were calculated using Equation (5) and represent relative values per square meter of the pavement. The current acquisition cost of the pavement structure was estimated at EUR 43.97 per m\({}^{2}\).  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c} \hline \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**Overlay**} & \multirow{2}{*}{\begin{tabular}{c} **Complex** \\ **Modulus of the** **Overall Layer** \\ \end{tabular} } & \multirow{2}{*}{\begin{tabular}{c} **Deformation** \\ **on the Bottom** \\ **Bound Mixture** \\ **(um/m)** \\ \end{tabular} } & \multirow{2}{*}{\begin{tabular}{c} **Residual** \\ **Lifecycle** \\ **(mal)** \\ \end{tabular} } & \multirow{2}{*}{\begin{tabular}{c} **Residual Life** \\ **Expectancy** \\ **(Years)** \\ \end{tabular} } & \multirow{2}{*}{\
\begin{tabular}{c} **Overlay** \\ **Construction** \\ **Cost EUR/m\({}^{2}\)** \\ \end{tabular} } & \multirow{2}{*}{
\begin{tabular}{c} **Structural** \\ **Pavement Condition** \\ **Value** \\ \end{tabular} } \\ \hline
0 mm & - & 105.93 & 1,378,078.00 & 4 & - & EUR 8.20 \\ \hline
40 mm & 5000 & 87.3 & 3,636,704.00 & 10 & EUR 7.76 & EUR 25.46 \\
40 mm & 6000 & 86.26 & 3,861,498.00 & 10 & EUR 9.30 & EUR 27.84 \\
40 mm & 7000 & 85.41 & 4,057,509.00 & 11 & EUR 10.14 & EUR 29.71 \\
40 mm & 8000 & 84.68 & 4,235,443.00 & 11 & EUR 10.60 & EUR 31.28 \\ \hline
50 mm & 5000 & 82.89 & 4,712,945.00 & 13 & EUR 9.17 & EUR 33.89 \\
50 mm & 6000 & 81.77 & 5,044,674.00 & 14 & EUR 10.99 & EUR 37.52 \\
50 mm & 7000 & 80.84 & 5,341,602.00 & 14 & EUR 11.98 & EUR 40.44 \\
50 mm & 8000 & 80.06 & 5,606,931.00 & 15 & EUR 12.53 & EUR 42.87 \\ \hline
60 mm & 5000 & 78.76 & 6,085,196.00 & 16 & EUR 11.29 & EUR 45.50 \\
60 mm & 6000 & 77.57 & 6,566,503.00 & 18 & EUR 13.53 & EUR 51.09 \\
60 mm & 7000 & 76.59 & 6,997,497.00 & 19 & EUR 14.75 & EUR 55.60 \\
60 mm & 8000 & 75.76 & 7,389,299.00 & 20 & EUR 15.42 & EUR 59.38 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}
Table 6: Structural life extension in relation to the different overlay thicknesses.  
Figure 9 presents the analysis of total calculated deformation at the bottom edge of bound pavement layers. The results demonstrate a linear relationship between the complex modulus and deformation at the base course's bottom edge.  
The calculation of residual life after overlay application--determined via Equation (3)--and its dependency on the overlay's complex modulus are shown in Figure 10.  
As shown in Figure 10, material quality significantly impacts the structural pavement condition asset value. Using materials with a high complex modulus can increase residual service life by up to 30%, ultimately leading to a substantial improvement in the structural pavement condition asset value.  
Figure 10: Structural life extension in relation to complex modulus and thickness of overlay.  
Figure 9: Calculated deformation on the bottom edge of the base course in relation to complex modulus and thickness of overlay.