# Visualization of Emergency Evacuation Physical Behavior under Multi-Agent Decision-Making
## 3 Model Design Methodology
### Multi-Agent Design Based on Decision Theory  
#### 3.2.1 Multi-Agent Type and Internal State Module  
Human variability is reflected in many aspects, such as age, body shape, personality, physiology, must-be tolerance, etc. In this essay, intelligent bodies are roughly divided into three categories: adults, older people, and children. The state of the intelligent body can be expressed as panic value, physiological state, psychological state, personality, etc., and the action strategy of the next moment is decided according to its state and the perceived information. The internal state of the intelligent body is described in this paper mainly for the physical and emotional panic values, and this paper stipulates that the panic value of the intelligent body is not considered or set to 0 under normal circumstances, and the calculation of the panic value of the intelligent body can be expressed by Equation (5) when in an emergency  
\[C_{danger}=ae^{-d}+be^{-1/\rho} \tag{5}\]  
where is the distance between the person and the hazard source; \(\rho\) is the perceived density: \(a\),\(b\) is the scaling factor, \(a+b=1\). The description of physical strength should be related to the speed of the intelligent body, which simultaneously and inversely affects the speed of the intelligence. The value of physical strength can be calculated by Equation (6). \[\lambda_{t+1}=\lambda_{t}\times exp\left\{-\left\{v_{t}-k\times sin\left[\frac{ \pi}{2}\times\left|\frac{\lambda_{t}}{\lambda_{max}}\right|\right]\right\} \times r\right\} \tag{6}\]  
where \(k\),\(r\) indicates the control parameters; from the equation, we can see that when the human speed is high, the rate of physical exertion will be quick, but with the continuation of the movement and the decline in physical energy, through the rapid breathing to obtain more oxygen, physical energy, and corresponding replenishment, the human physical exertion rate will then slow down. Determination of maximum speed: The walking speed of humans in the traditional model is a fixed value, which does not reflect the variability of intelligent body W and the speed is influenced by many factors. In this study, we propose that the maximum speed of an intelligent body at each step is related to its own physiological and imperative state W and crowd density, as shown in Equation (7). \[v_{max}=\left(1+2C_{danger}\right)e^{-\varepsilon\times\rho/\lambda}\times v_{ average} \tag{7}\]  
where \(\rho\) is the perceived density; \(\varepsilon\) is the coefficient of determination, taken as \(\varepsilon=1.26\); average is the average speed of the person, randomly taken between [1.2, 1.5] m/s for adults and [0.58, 1.2] m/s for the older people and children, to reflect the variability between intelligence; \(C_{danger}\) is the panic degree, which indicates that the more nervous the intelligent body is, the faster the escape speed. This study proposes that in normal conditions, each intelligence takes a random fixed value in the corresponding \(V_{average}\), and the default speed is \(V_{max}\) when various actions performed in emergencies are not specified. Multi-agent perception is a particularly relevant module for simulation. All information in the computer simulation environment can be obtained through the environment model, so the key to the perception model is how to simulate the functional limits of the human organism human being, through the perception-oversensitive body, to obtain the information that can be perceived by the senses and filter out the information that cannot be perceived. The intelligent body can perceive information such as distance, type, and state about other objects through the perception model. The principle of the visual filter is to determine whether an object can be perceived based on the relative position of each object in the environment to the human eye, which involves determining whether the target is within the perceptual field of view and additionally considering whether the subject is obscured by another object in the line of sight to the human eye.