## 4 Characteristics of Flame and Its Combustion
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c} \hline \hline \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Reactants**} & \multicolumn{3}{c}{**Operation Parameters**} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{**Ref.**} \\ \hline
**Fuel** & **Oxidants** & **Fuel Conc.** & **Fuel Temp. (\({}^{\circ}\)C)** & **Fuel Flow Rate** & **Ovidant Temp.** & **Ovidant** & \\  & & & & & (\({}^{\circ}\)C) & **Flow Rate** & \\ \hline Methane & Oxygen & 30 mol\% & / & / & / & 1.6 mL/s & [15] \\ \hline Methanol, methane & Oxygen & 1-50 mol\% & / & / & / & 16.7-50 mL/s & [48] \\ \hline Isopropanol & Air & 2-6 vol\% & 470 & 3 mL/min & 377 & 1.3-2.4 fold of stoichiometric & [49] \\ \hline Methanol & Air & 18.3-45.9 wt\% & / & / & / & 0.5-1.5 ml/s & [50] \\ \hline Methanol, Hydrogen & Oxygen & Methanol 25 wt\%; Hydrogen 3-6 wt\% & Methanol 500-550: Hydrogen 600-300 & Methanol 0.2-0.5 g/s; Hydrogen 0.04-0.06 g/s & 400–450 & 1.5 fold of stoichiometric & [52] \\ \hline Methanol & Oxygen & 4-25 wt\% & / & 2.1 g/s & / & 1.1 g/s & [53] \\ \hline Methanol & Oxygen & 16.5-30 wt\% & / & 3.2 g/s & / & 1.5 g/s & [54] \\ \hline Methanol & Oxygen & 6-28 wt\% & / & 1.5-1.6 g/s & / & 1.2 fold of stoichiometric & [72] \\ \hline Methanol & Oxygen & 16-22 wt\% & 200-350 & 1.5 g/s & 300–400 & 1.2 fold of stoichiometric & [11] \\ \hline Methanol & Oxygen & 16-22 wt\% & 345-370 & 1.6 g/s & 395–430 & 1.2 fold of stoichiometric & [12] \\ \hline Methanol & Oxygen & 12-16 wt\% & 698-675 & 1.8-2.0 g/s & 675,656 & 0.64-0.62 g/s & [43] \\ \hline Methanol & Oxygen & 6-28 wt\% & Varied & 1.5 g/s & 400 & 1.2 fold of stoichiometric & [24] \\ \hline Ethanol & Oxygen & 7.5–20 wt\% & Ethanol 370-420: Ignitor 450-800 & 20 and 30 kg/h & 390 & 45–119 & [55] \\ \hline Ethanol & Oxygen & 20-32.5 wt\% & Ethanol 23-83: Ignitor \(360\pm 40\) & / & / & / & [23] \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 2: Summary of experimental investigations of SCHC. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c} \hline \hline \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Reactants**} & \multicolumn{3}{c}{**Operation Parameters**} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{**Ref.**} \\ \hline
**Fuel** & **Oxidants** & **Fuel Conc.** & **Fuel Temp. (°C)** & **Fuel Flow Rate** & **Oxidant Temp.** & **Oxidant** & \\  & & & & & **(°C)** & **Flow Rate** & \\ \hline Ethanol & Oxygen & 32.5 wt\% & 300–400 & 20 and 50 kg/h & / & 0.8,10,1.2 & \\  & & & & & fold of & [22] \\  & & & & & stoichiometric & \\ \hline Methanol & Oxygen & 35 wt\% & Water 400–600 & 2–5 kg/h & / & 1.4-1.8 fold of & [56] \\ \hline Isopropanol & Air & 4 and 5 wt\% & \(>\)400 & 5.6–18 kg/h & \(>\)400 & 1.0-1.1 fold of & [30] \\ \hline Isopropanol & Air & 8–9.5 wt\% & \(>\)400 & 13, 20 and 25 kg/h & \(>\)400 & / & [33] \\ \hline Isopropanol & Oxygen & Isopropanol 1–4.5 wt\%; Ammonia 2–8\% & \(>\)400 & 9 kg/h & \(>\)400 & 1.0-1.1 fold of & [32] \\ \hline Isopropanol & Oxygen & 8 wt\% & \(>\)400 & 20 and 40 kg/h & \(>\)400 & 1.0-1.1 fold of & [31] \\ \hline Isopropanol & Air & Isopropanol 13.5 wt\% & \(>\)400 & 20–25 & / & 20 & 1.0 fold of & [37] \\  & & & & & & \\ \hline Ethanol & Air & 2.3 wt\% & 425 & \begin{tabular}{c} Start at 1.0 mL/min and \\ increase by 0.1 mL/min \\ at a time, until reach 2.0 \\ mL/min \\ \end{tabular} & 425 & \
\begin{tabular}{c} 1.0-3.0 \\ mL/min \\ \end{tabular} & [58] \\  & & & & & & \\ \hline Ethanol & Air & 30–50 vol\% & Water 425 & 2.0 mL/min &
\begin{tabular}{c} Close to reactor \\ temperature \\ \end{tabular} & 1.0 and 7.0 & [59] \\ \hline N-Propanol & Oxygen & 1.2–6 wt\% & 380 and 420 & / & 450 and 400 & 1.5 mL/s & [60] \\ \hline N-Propanol & Oxygen & 2.4 wt\% & 380 and 400 & / & 400 \({}^{\circ}\)C and 450 \({}^{\circ}\)C & 0.5-3 mL/s & [44] \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 2: Cont.