## 6 Suggested Measures to Reduce Energy Consumption and/or Energy Costs
### Sizing of an Electric Power Generation System Using Retscreen(r) Software
#### 6.2.1 Power Generation System through Photovoltaic Panels
The different scenarios almost guarantee the consumption of electricity on working days, but will bring excess energy on weekends that will have to be injected into the network at market price. The average electricity price from the network was calculated using consumption for the year 2022, for solar time, that is, peak and flood periods. The prices for each tariff period were obtained through the analysis of a February electricity bill provided by the company. The calculations performed are shown in Table 16. The average electricity cost considered for the financial analysis was 664.02/MWh. The value of the cost of the grid could be suppressed, since with solar injection there is no longer consumption, but as a precaution, it was decided to maintain it. Of the contracted power of 579.61 kW and considering the inverter's rated power of 50 kW, the three scenarios of 70%, 55%, and 40% of consumption correspond, respectively, to a power to be installed of 405.73 kW, 579.61 kW, and 231.84 kW. This means the need to install 8.11, 6.38, or 4.64 inverters, respectively, in each case. As inverters cannot be installed, it was considered: (i) 400 kW of minimum power to be installed and 9 inverters, which corresponds to 69.01% of consumption, in the 70% scenario, with 678 photovoltaic modules needed; (ii) 350 kW, which corresponds to 60.39% of consumption, in the 55% scenario, with 594 photovoltaic modules; and (iii) 231.84 kW, which corresponds to 43.13% of consumption, in the 40% scenario, with 424 photovoltaic modules needed. The total investment costs are \(\upepsilon\)211,348, \(\upepsilon\)181,047, and \(\upepsilon\)129,248; labor costs for the first installation are \(\upepsilon\)14,468, \(\upepsilon\)12,656, and \(\upepsilon\) 9034, respectively, for each scenario. Regarding the environmental analysis, there would be an annual reduction in GHG emissions of 153.5 tCO\({}_{2}\), 134.3 tCO\({}_{2}\), and 95.9 tCO\({}_{2}\). The revenue from clean energy production is 597 MWh/year, 523 MWh/year, and 373 MWh/year and the energy generation cost is 14.15 \(\upepsilon\)/MWh, 13.86 \(\upepsilon\)/MWh, and 13.85 \(\upepsilon\)/MWh. The IRR is 17.8%, 18.2%, and 18.2%. The payback of this project for the three scenarios would be 5.5, 5.4, and 5.4 years, which means that the project is financially viable. IRR intends to measure the profitability of investment projects. The higher this indicator is, the more profitable the project under study. Comparing the different scenarios \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c} \hline \hline  & **Peak Load (P) (\(\upepsilon\)/kWh)** & **Full Load (C) (\(\upepsilon\)/kWh)** \\ \hline Energy & 0.0599 & 0.0588 & \\ \hline Grids & \(-\)0.0799 & 0 & \\ \hline Sum & \(-\)0.0200 & 0.0588 & Total (kWh/year) \\ \hline Total (kWh/period under study) & 125,517 & 330,389 & 455,906 \\ \hline Total of each electric tariff period (\(\upepsilon\)) & \(-\)2511 & 19,430 & \\ \hline Total (\(\upepsilon\)) & & 16,918 & Total Power (\(\upepsilon\)) \\ \hline Access to tariff power grids (kWh) & 580 & 0.0161 (\(\upepsilon\)/day) & 0.0161 \(\times\) 120 \(\times\) 580 = 1120 \\ \hline Power of Peak period (kW) & 423 & 0.2198 (\(\upepsilon\)/day) & 0.2198 \(\times\) 120 \(\times\) 423 = 11,148 \\ \hline Total—Electricity from grid (\(\upepsilon\)) & & 16,918 + 1120 + 11,148 = 29,186 & \\ \hline Price—Electricity from grid & 29,186 = 0.06402 \(\upepsilon\)/ kWh = 64.02 \(\upepsilon\)/ MWh 455,906 & \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 16: Calculation of the average price of electricity from the factory network of the photovoltaic system using an invoice for the year 2022.  
and their respective indicators--IRR and payback--there is a great proximity of values, with scenarios of around 55% and 40% being the best ones. Table 17 presents the indicators obtained from the three studied scenarios. It should be noted that electricity prices do not correspond to current values. The company has an old contract that ends in 2022, and at this time, the company will pay much more than it has paid.