# Deployment Protection for Interference of 5G Base Stations with Aeronautical Radio Altimeters
## 5 Conclusions  
First, the integrated interference model proposed in the paper is a valuable method for deployment protection. It can be effectively utilized for the analysis of prohibited zones. The method analyzes prohibited zones centered around the aircraft to facilitate the study of the variations of these zones during aircraft movement. By integrating aviation operational safety requirements with standards in telecommunication technology, the method incorporates numerous factors into an integrated model. The analysis culminates in conclusions regarding both horizontal and vertical prohibited zones under typical parameters. Second, this paper analyzes the variations in prohibited zones under various factors, including three types of base station, two types of antenna, two path losses, and a 10\({}^{\circ}\) vertical scan angle, combined with changes in aircraft attitude and altitude, as well as ICAO 6 dB margin and the dynamic changes in and interference thresholds, providing a comprehensive understanding of the prohibited zone dynamics. The largest prohibited zone occurs with RMa  
Figure 26: The application of prohibited zones.  
base stations at \(AGL=2000\) ft and a 30\({}^{\circ}\) aircraft pitch\(\backslash\) roll angle. This analytical approach enables rapid generation of analysis results for base stations with different technological architectures. Third, this paper also proposes interference mitigation measures within the prohibited zones based on power control and angle shutoff methods. It provides an analytical framework for deploying base stations near runways. This offers a practical basis for policy formulation by mitigating base station interference within the prohibited zones while ensuring aviation safety.  
In the future, we can further explore scenarios where multiple base stations near the prohibited zones collectively generate interference. Additionally, we can investigate hybrid approaches combining power control and angle shutoff methods to adapt to emerging technologies such as 5G ATG (Air to Ground) and 5G NTNs (Non-terrestrial Networks).  
Conceptualization, Z.D., Z.M., J.B. and P.W.; Methodology, Z.D. and K.X.; Software, S.Y.; Validation, P.W., S.Y. and K.X.; Investigation, P.W.; Resources, P.W. and Z.M.; Data curation, S.Y.; Writing--original draft, Z.D. and P.W.; Writing--review and editing, Z.M., K.X. and S.Y.; Visualization, S.Y.; Supervision, J.B.; Project administration, P.W.; Funding acquisition, J.B. and Z.M. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.  
This work was supported in part by the Open Fund of Key Laboratory of Civil Aircraft Airworthiness Technology under Grant SH2021111905, in part by Natural Science Foundation of Tianjin, Grant No. 21 JCZDJC00860, in part by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities under Grant 3122022 QD07.  
Not applicable.  
Informed Consent Statement: Informed consent was obtained from all subjects involved in the study.  
The data presented in this study are available on request from the corresponding author on reasonable request.  
The authors declare no conflict of interest.