## 3 Results and Discussion
### Droplet Drifiability
Considering the configurations characterized by the combination of highest AS (97.6 m s\({}^{-1}\)) and highest LFR (2.67 L min\({}^{-1}\)), the switch of HP from CP to XP determined a reduction of V100 equal to 90%, a value fully confirmed by field trials that showed a 95% reduction in off-target losses [58]. Regarding the hand-type spout, there was a significant reduction in V100 across the different hose positions, turning from a mean value of 58% in CP to 9% in XP (Figure 11b). Nevertheless, there was a low reduction between AP and OP. Indeed, the mean V100 value only decreased from 29% to 28%. The lowest possible value in the conventional nozzle configuration was \(37\pm 1\%\) for the maximum LFR with the minimum AS (Figure 11b). AP originated values between a maximum mean value of \(53\pm 3\%\) (med LFR/max AS) and a minimum of \(8\pm 2\%\). OP yielded values between \(56\pm 1\%\) (min LFR/max AS) and \(16\pm 1\%\) (max LFR/min AS). Finally, XP resulted in values from \(22\pm 1\%\) (med LFR/max AS) and \(3\pm 1\%\) (min LFR/min AS) (Figure 11b). Comparing these values with the reference nozzle Albuz(r) ATR lilac operated at 0.7 MPa pressure (V100 equal to 74%), only the liquid hose in CP combined with the highest AS generated values higher than the threshold marked with a dashed red line in Figure 11b. Concurrently, the liquid hose in XP combined with the lowest AS was able to lower the V100 threshold fixed by the reference air induction nozzle Albuz(r) TVI8001 marked with the dashed green line in Figure 11b. The very low V100 values achieved in the last position of the liquid hose were even lower than many of the ones reported for the hydraulic low-drift nozzles [43]. Even if the V100 values measured in this study (74%) for the Albuz(r) ATR lilac operated at 0.7 MPa pressure were higher than those obtained by [PERSON] et al. [43] (equal to 23%), the droplet size spectra parameters were fully in accordance with those reported by ASABE S572.1 classification, and the nozzle falls in the same class, namely very fine (VF) [63]. As it can be drawn from Figure 12, there was a clear correlation between V100 and D50 in both cases (\(p<0.001\)). Determination coefficients were very similar (0.9764 and 0.9704 in the cannon-type (Figure 12a) and hand-type (Figure 12b) nozzles), and the correlation coefficients were nearly the same (\(-0.01\) and \(-0.009\)). This result indicates that both nozzles have similar behavior. Moreover, this kind of response can be expected from different pneumatic nozzles. In the case of the cannon, there was a deviation of the regression line with high D50 values. This behavior can be expected when taking into account the higher variability that is found in the most extreme positions of the liquid hose (Figure 12a). A similar trend can be noticed in the hand nozzle for which a loss of fitting in the lowest D50 values can be observed (Figure 12b). Figure 12: Correlation between D50 (\(\mu\)m) and V100 (%) for all tested configurations (combination of liquid hose insertion position (HP), liquid flow rate (LFR) and air speed (AS) for both the (**a**) cannon-type and (**b**) hand-type nozzles.