## 2 Related Work  
The radio signal characteristics of new wireless applications are similar to those of existing mobile technologies [5]. This is where the interest of this work lies in considering in detail the impact and types of interference of 5G technologies that coexist with IoT devices. The new applications use similar transmit powers and operate in the same frequency ranges. To mitigate interference, we can synchronize or coordinate all networks or implement large guard bands that waste valuable spectrum [15]. In practice, close cooperation is required between all operators in each frequency band, and not all usage modes and all types of 5G deployments can likely be supported simultaneously. Regulators need to consider these technical issues and their implications when deciding how to arrange frequencies in these bands. Various interference management techniques, such as power control, channel allocation, and beamforming, can be implemented to ensure that IoT devices on the same network do not interfere with each other. However, these techniques can be complicated and may require significant changes to the network infrastructure [16]. Additionally, new interference management techniques may be required as IoT devices continue to evolve and become more sophisticated. Another significant challenge in managing interference in 5G networks is the diversity of devices and applications that use these networks. IoT services can be used in various industries, including healthcare, manufacturing, and transportation, each with unique connectivity and latency requirements [17]. For instance, in healthcare, IoT devices, such as  
Figure 2: 5G applications impacted by IoT devices. wearable monitors and remote patient monitoring systems, require low latency and reliable connectivity to provide accurate data and alerts. In contrast, IoT devices used in industrial automation require high bandwidth and low latency to operate effectively [18]. Therefore, managing interference in 5G networks requires a comprehensive approach that considers the diverse connectivity and latency requirements of different IoT devices and applications. Another important challenge is the potential for external interference; while interference management techniques can ensure that IoT devices on the same network do not interfere with each other, external interference can occur when IoT devices operate in areas with other wireless devices, such as Wi-Fi routers, Bluetooth devices, and other cellular networks. This can lead to signal degradation, reduced throughput, and decreased reliability of the network [19]. As a result, it is essential to consider external interference when designing and implementing 5G networks for IoT services, and to use techniques such as frequency coordination and spectrum sharing to manage external interference effectively. To provide better insights for the 5G interference topic, we follow the structure detailed in Figure 3.  
The impact of 5G network interference on IoT services is an active research area. Several studies have investigated the effects of interference on the performance of IoT devices and applications. One recent study by [PERSON] et al. analyzed the impact of interference on the reliability of 5G networks for IoT services [20]. The study found that interference can significantly reduce the reliability of 5G networks for IoT services, especially in dense deployments where multiple devices operate in the same area. The study recommended using advanced interference management techniques such as dynamic channel allocation and power control to mitigate interference effects and improve network reliability. Another recent study by [PERSON] et al. [21] investigated the impact of interference on the performance of 5G networks for IoT applications. The study found that interference can cause significant degradation of network performance, especially for applications that require low latency and high bandwidth.