## 3 Results
### Antioxidant Activity  
The DPPH\({}^{\bullet}\) scavenging or Cu-reducing activities of the oil polar extracts and the DPPH\({}^{\bullet}\) scavenging activity of the whole oil, expressed in terms of Trolox equivalents (on an mM basis), are shown in Figure 1. The whole oil was examined to include the contribution of lipophilic antioxidants (e.g., tocopherols) except for the polar ones. C-VAO presented the  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{l c c c} \hline \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**Sample**} & **Induction Period,** & **Predicted Induction Period,** & **Protection Factor,** \\  & **IP (h)** & **p-IP (months, 20 \({}^{\circ}\)C)** & **PF** \\ \hline C-AO & 20.28 \(\pm\) 0.27 a & 14.42 \(\pm\) 0.19 a & - \\ C-VAO & 19.42 \(\pm\) 0.18 b & 13.81 \(\pm\) 0.13 b & - \\ AL5 & 22.17 \(\pm\) 0.57 c & 15.77 \(\pm\) 0.40 c & 1.14 \(\pm\) 0.03 a \\ AL10 & 22.68 \(\pm\) 0.40 c & 16.13 \(\pm\) 0.28 c & 1.17 \(\pm\) 0.02 a \\ AL20 & 24.27 \(\pm\) 0.36 d & 17.26 \(\pm\) 0.26 d & 1.25 \(\pm\) 0.02 b \\ OL5 & 22.29 \(\pm\) 0.07 c & 15.85 \(\pm\) 0.05 c & 1.15 \(\pm\) 0.00 a \\ OL10 & 25.40 \(\pm\) 0.18 e & 18.06 \(\pm\) 0.13 e & 1.31 \(\pm\) 0.01 c \\ OL20 & 29.11 \(\pm\) 0.21 f & 20.70 \(\pm\) 0.15 f & 1.50 \(\pm\) 0.01 d \\ OP5 & 26.30 \(\pm\) 0.14 g & 18.70 \(\pm\) 0.10 g & 1.35 \(\pm\) 0.01 e \\ OP10 & 29.44 \(\pm\) 0.64 f & 20.93 \(\pm\) 0.45 f & 1.52 \(\pm\) 0.03 d \\ OP20 & 31.35 \(\pm\) 0.58 h & 22.29 \(\pm\) 0.41 h & 1.61 \(\pm\) 0.03 f \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}  
* C-AO = avocado oil; C-VAO = freshly extracted virgin avocado oil; ALS-AL10-AL20, OL5-OL10-OL20, and OP5-OP10-OP20 represent C-VAO enriched with avocado leaves, olive leaves, and olive peace, respectively, at 5, 10, and 20% (_w/v_). Results are expressed as mean value + standard deviation (\(n\) = 3). Different lowercase letters in the same column indicate significant differences (\(p\) \(<\) 0.05) within the whole sample population employing [PERSON]’s test.  
\end{table}
Table 3: Oxidative stability of oil samples using the Rancimat apparatus (110 \({}^{\circ}\)C, 20 L/h).  
lowest values of AA, calculated either in intact oil (0.44 mmol TE/kg oil) or in polar extract form. A similar trend was observed in the case of C-AO, verifying that the particular oils are devoid of polar antioxidants.  
The values indicated that C-VAO is not expected to contain efficient polar antioxidants, only lipophilic ones. A similar observation was made for C-AO. AA increased upon fortification with the plant materials in a dose-dependent manner, reaching up to 1.66 mmol TE/kg in the case of AL20 when tested in its intact form, surpassing that of C-EVOO (1.52) used for comparison. A dose-dependent trend in activity was also observed in the case of the isolated polar fraction. In that case, the AL20 reached the same level of activity as that of C-EVOO (1.12 vs. 1.14 mmol TE/kg oil) in terms of the DPPH assay but this was significantly less active when CUPRAC was applied (1.07 vs. 2.34 mmol TE/kg oil). These results do not coincide with the poor performance of AL-VAOs under accelerated autoxidation conditions. However, it may indicate that polar antioxidants are transferred to VAO upon maceration of the plant materials.