## 8 Results and Discussion
### Scenario 2 (20% DR)  
In the second scenario, a 20% DR program is implemented to incentivize the household to transfer energy consumption to non-peak times. This scenario aims to reduce peak energy usage by 20%, resulting in significant energy cost savings and optimized use of backup systems. With the 20% DR program, the household adjusts its energy usage patterns to reduce peak load demand. Early in the morning, the load starts at 1034.54 W at 1:00 a.m., gradually decreasing to 725.83 W by 4:00 a.m. During this period, most household activities are minimal, leading to lower energy consumption. As the day progresses, the load begins to increase, with a notable rise starting from 6:00 a.m. as household members wake up and begin their morning routines, such as using kitchen appliances and heating systems. The load reaches 1003.67 W by 7:00 a.m. This increase continues throughout the morning, peaking at 1247.47 W around 9:00 a.m. to 11:00 a.m. when various household devices and systems are in use. During midday and early afternoon, the load stabilizes somewhat but remains high as cooling systems and other appliances continue to operate. The highest load demand is observed in the late afternoon and early evening, reaching 1555.50 W at 9:00 p.m. Despite the high demand, the system effectively utilizes wind generation and battery discharge to meet the load. The degree of participation from both primary and backup system in satisfying the load demand in Scenario 2 is shown in Figure 12.  
PV generation follows a daily pattern dictated by the availability of sunlight. In the early morning hours, PV generation starts to rise as the sun begins to ascend. At 6:00 a.m., PV generation begins at 304.7 W, increasing steadily as the sun climbs higher in the sky. By 7:00 a.m., PV generation reaches 460.33 W, continuing to rise to 631.66 W at 8:00 a.m. and 755.00 W at 9:00 a.m. The peak PV generation occurs around midday when the sunlight is most intense. At 10:00 a.m., PV generation hits 795.00 W and peaks at 870.00 W by 12:00 p.m. It remains high, with 901.00 W at 1:00 p.m. and 910.00 W at 2:00 p.m. This period of maximum generation coincides with the highest sun angle, ensuring optimal solar energy capture. As the afternoon progresses, PV generation begins to decline, following the sun's descent. By 3:00 p.m., it reduces slightly to 779.50 W and continues to drop to 683.02 W at 4:00 p.m. By the early evening, PV generation falls significantly, reaching 332.97 W at 6:00 p.m. and 228.16 W at 7:00 p.m., before ceasing completely as the sun sets. Wind generation exhibits a consistent yet fluctuating pattern throughout the day, influenced by wind speed variations. In the early morning hours, wind generation starts at 376.1 W at 1:00 a.m. and remains steady, contributing between 320 to 376 W until around  
Figure 12: The degree of participation from both primary and backup system in satisfying the load demand in Scenario 2. 6:00 a.m. As the day progresses, wind generation increases, aligning with rising wind speeds. By 7:00 a.m., wind generation rises to 329.3 W and continues to climb, reaching 420.2 W at 9:00 a.m. and 495.8 W at 10:00 a.m. The highest wind generation is observed during the late morning and early afternoon, peaking at 880.1 W at 4:00 p.m. This peak coincides with the period of highest wind speeds, indicating an optimal time for wind energy production. After reaching the peak, wind generation begins to decline gradually, falling to 669.5 W by 9:00 p.m. and further decreasing to 601.1 W at 10:00 p.m. Throughout the day, wind generation remains a vital component of the household's energy supply, complementing PV generation and reducing the reliance on backup systems. Batteries play a vital role in maintaining a balance in the energy supply, particularly during periods when PV and wind generation fall short of meeting the load demand. The batteries discharge energy at night and in the early morning when PV generation is non-existent.