## 4 Discussion  
No functional or technical complications were observed during the study period, which is consistent with the results reported by [PERSON] et al. [14]. This allows us to conclude that the standard and individualized abutments have equally favorable behavior in terms of mechanical stability.  
In their study, [PERSON] et al. [15] found a greater number of functional complications in supra-implant restorations made with factory abutments. [PERSON] et al. [16] reported isolated cases of chipping in the lithium disilicate crown group; however, the replacement was unnecessary. All of the authors of previously published studies indicated a low rate of functional complications between study groups, which was statistically insignificant.  
[PERSON] et al. [17] followed up on certain zirconium implant restorations with individualized titanium abutments for a period of 1 year and achieved low values of the considered biological indicators, similar to our results. [PERSON] et al. [18] conducted a comparative assessment of factory-made and individualized abutments and reported that they did not observe any statistically significant differences in the biological factors, which is not consistent with our findings.  
However, we found statistically significant values for some of the biological indicators, highlighting that the group with individualized titanium abutments with monolithic restorations made of lithium disilicate had the lowest values in all of the measured criteria.  
In their study, [PERSON] [19] compared digitally fabricated implant suprastructures according to aesthetic criteria and noted that \"graying\" was visually observed in the marginal area of prosthetic restorations with individualized abutments. This opinion was confirmed by other authors [19; 20; 21] and coincided with our observations.  
Our results confirmed the opinion of [PERSON] et al. [22] that prosthetic restorations on individualized abutments manufactured with CAD/CAM technology improve aesthetics more than standard abutments due to the better design of the soft tissues of the peri-implant and the restoration of the interproximal papillae.  
The presence of a statistically significant difference between the groups and the best values of Group B best shows the effectiveness of the material and design of permanent supra-implant prosthetics in achieving significantly higher Jempt scores for papillae growth than alternative methods. At present, there have been no other studies considering pre-milled abutments with titanium blanks.  
The study that was conducted in this work enrolled 23 patients with a total of 27 implants in different areas of the mouth, and a clinical evaluation of the biomechanical parameters of the individualized titanium alloy abutments showed that individualized implant abutments made of titanium alloy and monolithic restorations made of lithium disilicate or zirconium dioxide have stable biomechanical behavior and may be the optimal choice for prosthetic treatment The working hypothesis of this study, which was that the pre-milled abutments with titanium blanks with genuine connections in the combination ceramic material of the crown would be advantageous due to the possibility of individual varieties of transmucosal profiles based on functional, biological, and aesthetic indicators,  
Figure 5: Aesthetic indicator “Gingiva color around the restoration”—(**a**) Group A—15. (**b**) Group B—47. (**c**) Group C—46.  
was proven. Definitive guidance regarding the use of pre-milled abutments with titanium blanks was presented in this study.  
Our findings coincide with the opinions of a number of authors that this type of abutment recreates the emergence profile of the natural tooth as accurately as possible, eliminating the possibility of over contouring the entire suprastructure caused by the volumetric cylindrical cross-section of the standardized abutment and the required thickness of the definitive crown [13; 23; 24; 25].