# The Soils of Natural (In Situ) Coenopopulations of _Taraxacum kok-saghyz_ [PERSON] in Kazakhstan
## 3 Results
In the upper horizon, the content of humus is 9.5%; with depth, it decreases up to 1.6%, and total nitrogen is 0.7% (Table 1). The CO\({}_{2}\) content increases with the depth from 3.2% to 12% in the carbonate horizon. The accumulation of absorbed alkali in the upper soil horizons ranges from 30.37 to 44.52 mg-eq. per 100 g of soil. The quantitative composition of absorbed alkali varies widely by horizon, but exchangeable Ca\({}^{2+}\) dominates in all horizons (29-66% of the total). The involvement of Mg\({}^{2+}\) in the absorbing complex is significant (25-45% of the total). The soil solution reaction is strongly alkaline (pH = 8.3-9.2). Figure 4: Landscape and soil profile cut 03O of TKS population ”Saryzhas”. The content of easily hydrolyzed nitrogen is 201.6 mg/kg in the soddy horizon; with depth, it gradually reduces up to 144.0 mg/kg in the carbonate horizon. The content of mobile phosphorus drastically declines down the profile from 52 up to 3 mg/kg of soil. The content of exchangeable potassium in the upper horizons is 1660-1400 mg/kg, with subsequent lowering up to 1320 mg/kg. Determination of soil aqueous extract allowed for determining the degree and chemical properties of salinization. The analysis showed that the whole profile of meadowy alkaline medium loam soil (soil profile 04) is very intensive and severely salinized by chloride-sulfate anions and by calcium-magnesium, magnesium-sodium, and sodium cations (Table A2). The soil texture is heterogenic. It is observed that there are alternating horizons of medium loam and clay loam (Table A3). Soil profile cut 050--floodplain meadowy alkaline clay loam soil (43 deg1'19.15'' 79 deg14'21.89'' H = 1810 m) TKS \"Kegen\" population. The floodplain of the Kegen River. The soil profile above the cliff face is shown in Figure 6. The water edge is 1 m 60 cm. The vegetation is cattle-beaten; mixed herbs-sedge vegetation: _Carex_[28], _Tanxacum_[31], and _Fenugreek_[40]. Effervescence from HCI-surface. Salts in the profile from 10 to 67 cm are scarce; from 67 cm, they are abundant. Projective cover 100%. Height 2-3 cm. Depth 90 cm. The humus-accumulated horizon (A + B) = 35 cm. The upper soddy horizon (A1\({}^{\mathrm{s}}\) = 0-7 cm) is brownish-darkish-gray, dry, compacted, strongly radiculose, dusty-granulated, light loam. (AB = 7-18 cm) is brownish-gray, dry, compacted, radiculose, lumpy, clay loam. The carbonate horizon (B\({}_{1}\) = 18-35 cm) is brown, grayish, fresh, dense, clay loam. The transitional horizon (BC = 35-55 cm) is brown, fresh, compacted, granular, clay loam. Horizon (C\({}_{1}\) = 55-70 cm) is rusty-brown, fresh, compacted, indistinctly clayy clays. (C\({}_{2}\)3C = 70-100 cm) is dirty brown, fresh, compacted, clay loam. Figure 5: Landscape and soil profile cut 04O, 100 m from TKS population “Saryzhas”. Figure 6: Landscape and soil profile cut 05O of TKS population “Kegen”. In the upper horizon, the content of humus is 4.2%; with depth, it decreases up to 0.8%, and total nitrogen is 0.4% (Table 1). The CO\({}_{2}\) content increases with depth from 6.6% to 11.5% in the carbonate horizon. The accumulation of absorbed alkali in the upper soil horizons is 22.88-25.66 mg-eq. per 100 g of soil. The quantitative composition of absorbed alkali varies widely by horizon, but exchangeable Ca\({}^{2+}\) dominates in all horizons (27-63% of the total). The involvement of Mg\({}^{2+}\) in the absorbing complex is significant (22-65% of the total). The soil solution reaction is alkaline (pH = 9.1-9.3). According to the results of the aqueous extract, it was proved that the soddy horizon of floodplain meadowy alkaline clay loam soil (soil profile 05O) is not saline. While gradually increasing and then declining, soil salinity is observed down the soil profile up to 50 cm. Severely saline horizon AB is replaced by moderately saline horizon (B\({}_{1}\)). The transitional horizon (BC) is slightly saline (Table 2). Chloride-sulfate and sodium types of salinization are observed.