## 2 Results and Discussion
### Qualitative Analysis of VOCs in Kiwiberry Cultivars

Table 1: Volatile organic compounds (VOC3) identified in the untreated and the HHP-treated (450–50–650 MPa/5 and 15 min) \(\sigma\) Ceneva. VOCs are listed according to the experimental linear retention indices (LRI \({}_{\text{exp}}\)). \begin{table}
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\begin{table}
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**Compounds** & **Aroma Description\({}^{1}\)** & **LR1 exp. ** & **LR1 exp. ** \({}^{2}\) & **Unrected** & **450 MPa/s\({}^{5}\)** & 450 MPa/s\({}^{5}\)** & 550 MPa/s\({}^{5}\)** & 550 MPa/s\({}^{5}\) & 650 MPa/s\({}^{5}\) & 650 MPa/s\({}^{5}\) & 650 MPa/s\({}^{5}\) \\ \hline (E)-2-decural & fatty, fruity & 1435 & 1437 & & + & + & + & + & + & + \\ \(p\)+-dimethyl-styrene & brunches, spicy & 1439 & 1440 & + & + & + & + & + & + & + \\ \(p\)+-dimethyl-water & fruity, swept & 1440 & 1441 & + & + & + & + & + & + & + \\ \(1\)-octu-sol & mushroom-like & 1445 & 1451 & + & + & + & + & + & + & + \\ \(3.5\)-trimethyl-2-hexure & - & 1452 & MS & + & + & + & + & + & + & + \\ \((E,D,2)\)-hexural & - & 1490 & 1461 & & + & & + & + & + & + \\ \(2\)-ethyl-1-hexure & drus & 1480 & 1484 & & + & & & + & + & + \\ \(2\)-ethyl-hexudeude & burnt sugar & 1522 & 1525 & & & & & + & + & + \\ \((2\)-hexural & fluity, consumer & 1520 & 1528 & & & & + & + & + & + \\ \(x\)-linked & swept, kmem & 1560 & 1562 & & + & + & + & + & + & + \\ \(x\)-prepre-n-1-n-d & swept, kmem & 1560 & 1570 & + & + & + & + & + & + & + \\ \(p\)-n-n-1-n-d & swept, kmem & 1568 & MS & + & + & + & + & + & + & + \\ methyl-hexure & flowney, honey & 1614 & 1615 & + & + & + & & & & \\ \((2)\)-hexural & - & 1623 & 1627 & & + & & & & & \\ \(p\)-cyan-sol & ddly & 1624 & 1628 & + & & & & & & \\ \(2\)-ethyl-hex & - & ftools, pine & 1625 & 1629 & + & & & & & \\ ethyl benzoate & Chromium-flower, celery, & 1640 & 1644 & + & + & + & + & + & + & + \\ \(1\)-ne-n-1-neol & floral & 1662 & 1668 & + & & & & & & \\ \(x\)-c-trA total of 18 and 28 VOCs were identified in the untreated Geneva (Table 1) and Weiki (Table 2) kiwiberries, respectively. However, the HHP-treated samples showed a different number of VOCs, depending on the parameters used upon HHP processing (450, 550, 650 MPa, for 5 and 15 min). As shown, pressurization of cv Geneva led to a distinct increase in the number of identified VOCs. The highest number of VOCs (30 highly volatilized compounds) was found after sample processing at 450 MPa for 15 min. However, the lowest VOC number (22 compounds) was distinguished after sample exposure to 450 MPa/5 min. Evidently, the pressurization of Geneva favored the formation of ethyl hexanoate, octanal, 3-octanol, 3,5,5-trimethyl-2-hexene, \(p\)-\(\alpha\)-dimethyl-styrene, (\(E\))-2-octenal, 2-ethyl-1-hexanol, (\(E\),\(E\))-2,4-heptalenal, 1-nonanol, _cis_-geraniol, or \(p\)-metha-1,8-dien-9-ol. However, methyl butanoate, (\(Z\))-2-decanal, \(\alpha\)-cymene, ethyl caprylate, and octanoic acid were only observed after sample exposure to 450 MPa/15 min. In contrast, \(\alpha\)-mycrene and carvone are lost after processing. Similarly, the HHP treatment of cv Weiki increased the number of VOCs in the tested samples (Table 2). The highest number of VOCs (45 volatiles) was identified after Weiki exposure to 450 MPa for 5 min. Pentanal, hexyl acetate, octanal, (\(Z\))-3-hexen-1-ol acetate, (\(E\))-2-hexen-1-ol acetate, 1-hexanol, 3-heksen-1-ol, 3-octanol, (\(E\))-2-heksen-1-ol, 3,5,5-trimethyl-2-hexene, and \(\alpha\)-linalo were detected in the HHP-treated samples. Some of the volatilized compounds were formed only under particular conditions for the HHP process; for example, the treatment of Weiki at 450 MPa/5 min led to the formation of 9 new compounds: \(\alpha\)-terpinene, (22)-3-pentyl-2,4-pentadien-1-ol, (\(Z\))-2-heptalenal, (\(E\),\(E\))-2,4-heptalenal, (\(Z\))-2-decanal, verbenol, 1-nonanol, _cis_-cital, and carvone. On the other hand, 2-heptanone, isopentyl alcohol, 3-hydroxy-2-butanone, 6-methyl-3-heptanol, ethyl caprylate, 2-ethyl-1-hexanol, benzaldehyde, and octanoic acid were generated under 650 MPa for 5 and/or 15 min.