## 2 Materials and Methods  
### Soil Sampling and Physicochemical Properties  
Two organic and two correspondent conventionally managed vineyard soils of contrasting pH, polluted with high levels of Cu, were selected from a preliminary large soil survey. Soils were sampled in two Slovenian wine regions (Stajerska and Vipava Valley). Three soils (acid conventional, acid organic, and calcareous organic) were taken from the wine region of Stajerska, and one soil (calcareous conventional) from the Vipava Valley. Total Cu in all selected soils was above 100 mg kg\({}^{-1}\), but not achieving the extreme values measured in some Slovenian vineyards [34]. The vineyards were more than 20 years old and soil surfaces were permanently covered with grass. Sampling was carried out with an auger at 10-15 different points randomly distributed throughout the vineyard to a depth of 20 cm. Soils were collected in August 2020. Approximate mass of sample taken on field was about 10 kg.  
Soil samples were sieved through a 2 mm sieve and divided into two parts: 1 kg of sample was air-dried for chemical analyses, and the rest was kept moist and used for climate change simulations (see Section 2.2). Part of soil samples were additionally grounded and sieved through 250 \(\upmu\)m sieve for total Cu measurement. Pseudo-total Cu in soil was measured using the USEPA 3052 [35] mineralization method and inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy, ICP-AES, (Agilent 5800). In brief, 0.5 g of soil (sieve through 250 \(\upmu\)m) was digested in a microwave oven using 10 mL of concentrated (65%) HNO\({}_{3}\). The digest solution was filtrated using a 0.2 \(\upmu\)m PTFE filter and measured after dilution and addition of yttrium (Y) as internal standard.  
The soils were also fully characterized for texture, pH, total carbonates, total organic carbon and total nitrogen (TOC and TN), dissolved organic carbon (DOC), available phosphorus (Olsen P), and inorganic nitrogen (NO\({}_{3}\)\({}^{-}\)/NH\({}_{4}\)\({}^{+}\)). Soil texture was measured in a Bouyoucos' cylinder with an ASTM 152H hydrometer. Soil pH was measured in water (1:5, weight-to-volume ratio). Total organic carbon and total nitrogen (TOC and TN) were determined by automated thermal analyses where carbon is converted to CO\({}_{2}\) by flash combustion at 1080 \({}^{\circ}\)C (Costech Elemental Combustion System 102 elemental analyzer, Costech Instruments, Valencia, CA, USA). Carbonates were previously removed from 10 mg of soils by treatment with HCl in silver capsules. C/N ratios were then calculated. Dissolvedorganic carbon (DOC) was measured on dry, sieved soils (12.5 g) using 30 mL 0.5 M K\({}_{2}\)SO\({}_{4}\) in a 50 mL Falcon tube. The extraction time was 1 h at 200 RPM shaking. After extraction, samples were filtrated (0.2 \(\upmu\)m CA filter) and frozen before analyses. DOC was measured using carbon analyzer (TOC-VCPN, Shimadzu). Inorganic C analysis (carbonates) was determined using a modified pressure-calcimeter method. Olsen P was measured using 2 g of soil sample extracted into 40 mL of 0.5 M NaHCO\({}_{3}\)[36]. After extraction (30 min, 250 RPM) the solution was filtrated (0.2 \(\upmu\)m CA filter) and P measured with ICP-AES. Calibration was performed using standard solutions (0.5, 1, 5, 10, 20 ppm) prepared from a P 1000 mg L\({}^{-1}\) ICP-standard solution in 5% HNO\({}_{3}\), with Y as internal standard.  
Inorganic nitrogen (NO\({}_{3}\)\({}^{-}\) and NH\({}_{4}\)\({}^{+}\)) was measured after 60 min extraction of 5 g soil into 25 mL of 0.5 M KCl at 200 RPM. Extraction solution was filtrated through a 150 mm glass filter paper and determined using a segmented flow injection analyzer (Skalar San++, Breda, The Netherlands).