# Facilitators and Barriers in Applying Building Information Modeling (BIM) for Construction Industry
## 1 Introduction
As a data management tool, BIM can be applied in every step of the process because of its 3D modeling capacity, data utilization and modification, and visualization abilities. A wide range of tools are developed to support BIM environment and international vendors provide a number of choices. Popular examples will be Revit, ArchiCAD, Trimble Connect, and so many. BIM was initially utilized in private sectors first because of its handy way of 3D representation and data association. Lately, however, public entities, such as government bodies, procurement organizations, and public administrations are actively adopting BIM because of its enhanced job ordering and project delivery capability. There have been a large amount of studies elaborating the benefits of using BIM in the construction industry. In less than 10 years, more than 900 studies regarding BIM utilization are published as academic papers, and most of them illustrate how BIM could change the construction industry and the world at large [17; 18]. Among various studies, many have shown a great interest on how effective BIM is, and a large amount of efforts have been put to identify the benefits in using BIM [5; 6; 17; 18]. The benefits of utilizing BIM can be divided into five categories: (1) lifecycle cost control; (2) effective construction process; (3) design and quality improvement; (4) decision-making support; and (5) risk management, and some are more abundant in specific cases, such as facilities management [4; 19; 20; 21; 22]. However, some studies have revealed a critical notion in organizational and institutional issues of using BIM. A study has analyzed that knowledge management is an important issue in automated construction environment. A significant increase in the level of influence of coordination and integration, strategic direction and intend, organizational learning and creating change on knowledge management in a BIM-enabled environment compared to traditional construction environment. The statistical results revealed that coordination and integration are effective in integrated engineering, clash detection, model updates, integrated logistics, soft landing plans and as-built models for trade coordination or on-site construction when coupled with BIM [6; 18; 22; 23]. A study on Indian architectural firms also analyzed that there are some critical management issues that need to be pre-adjusted before using BIM in a real project [24]. A proper management support is one of the major drivers for BIM adoption. A total of 75% of BIM adopters and 50% of non-adopters have reported that top management in their firm has always shown an interest in the implementation of BIM. Along with this, 74% of BIM adopters and 42% of non-adopters have also mentioned that top management in their organization has effectively communicated their support for BIM implementation. However, the biggest hurdle for adopting BIM in management perspective is in its cost. Although management recognizes and has tendency to use BIM for their firms, the cost of utilizing BIM and maintaining it seems reasonably high and makes people to actually do implementation. [24]. In terms of value proposition, studies have identified that there are some advantages of using BIM and the results are acknowledgeable. Recent study about the influence of BIM benefits from the Malaysian construction stakeholders has analyzed that productivity, time, cost, clashes, and communication are the most essential BIM benefits that concerned the participants [25; 26]. The driving factors of implementation, on the other hand, were selected as trust, respect, commitment, early involvement, and knowledge. It is also found that there is a significant relationship between BIM benefits and its implementation [25; 26]. Another study has found that the implementation of BIM in a real project is not limited to the technical aspects but is also about organizations, regulations, and managerial affairs [27].