## 5 Conclusions  
In this paper, a structural scheme of placing CFST dampers at appropriate positions on the first story of a masonry structure with RC frames on the first story, instead of ordinary concrete shear walls, was proposed. This scheme can increase the energy dissipation effect of the structure and easily adjust the stiffness of the first story of the structure. In addition, it can also effectively solve the problem of the lack of ductility and energy dissipation capacity of the first story of a masonry structure with RC frames shear walls in an earthquake.  
1. Compared with an energy-dissipated low-rise concrete shear wall with CFST short columns and an ordinary low-rise concrete shear wall, the hysteretic loop of the frame with CFST dampers has better solidity, the pinch phenomenon is smaller, the energy dissipation capacity is stronger, and the seismic performance is excellent.
2. When the frame with CFST dampers reaches the peak load-carrying capacity, the load drops most slowly, and the seismic performance is more stable. The deformation and failure modes of multiple single columns in the frame with CFST dampers are basically consistent and have excellent cooperative working performance.
3. The masonry structure with RC frames on the first story with CFST dampers has good seismic performance. The amplification effect of the deformation angle allows the CFST dampers to play a significant role in energy dissipation whereas the main structure still undergoes a small deformation. The CFST dampers can effectively share the seismic effect and protect the structural components well.
4. The energy dissipation device of CFST dampers yields earlier than the frame column, fully enabling the good hysteretic performance of the energy dissipation device to dissipate seismic energy, to protect the main structure from serious damage. At the same time, the first story does not have excessive displacement and takes the  
Figure 22: Energy distribution of three structures under EL-Centro wave. (**a**) Energy distribution of JG-1; (**b**) energy distribution of JG-2; (**c**) energy distribution of JG-3.  
lead in dissipating seismic energy during the earthquake, playing a good role in energy dissipation.
* Compared with the other two forms of structures, the energy dissipation capacity of the masonry structure with RC frames on the first story with CFST dampers is significantly increased by 1.25-1.5 times. The energy dissipation device can dissipate more seismic energy to protect the main structure from serious damage and improve the seismic performance of the building.
* The damping effect of CFST dampers applied in a masonry structure with RC frames on the first story needs to be further verified by a shaking table test to improve the seismic design method.  
Conceptualization, Y.Y.; methodology, Y.Y.; software, F.L. and F.W.; validation, Y.Y., F.L. and F.W.; formal analysis, Y.Y. and F.L.; writing\(-\)original draft preparation, F.L. and F.W.; writing\(-\)review and editing, Y.Y. and F.L.; visualization, Y.Y. and F.W.; project administration, Y.Y.; funding acquisition, Y.Y. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.  
This research received no external funding.  
Not applicable.  
The authors declare no conflict of interest.