## 3 Results
At 3000\(\times\) magnification, many pores can be seen on the surface of sample OXMN009, but in sample OXMN009P, these pores appear occupied, possibly by impregnated CuO particles. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c} \hline
**Element** & **Original Element OXMN009** & **Modified Element OXMN009P** \\ \hline Mg & 0.10 & 0.07 \\ Al & 0.36 & 0.21 \\ Si & 3.49 & 1.88 \\ P & 0.13 & 0.12 \\ Si & 0.04 & 0.01 \\ K & 0.07 & 0.05 \\ Ca & 0.17 & 0.19 \\ Ti & 0.02 & 0.02 \\ V & 0.03 & 0.02 \\ Mn & 93.15 & 89.32 \\ Fe & 2.34 & 1.59 \\ Cu & & 6.35 \\ Zn & 0.02 & 0.02 \\ As & 0.02 & 0.02 \\ \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 1: XRF X-ray fluorescence (XRF) analysis. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c} \hline
**Active Phase** & **Stage** & **Reagent** & **Reaction** \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{CuO} & \multirow{3}{*}{Reduction} & CO & CuO + CO \(\rightarrow\) Cu+ CO\({}_{2}\) \\  & & H\({}_{2}\) & CuO + H\({}_{2}\) \(\rightarrow\) Cu + H\({}_{2}\)O \\  & Oxidation & CH\({}_{4}\) & CuO + CH\({}_{4}\)\(\rightarrow\) Cu + CO\({}_{2}\) + H\({}_{2}\)O \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{Mn\({}_{3}\)O\({}_{4}\)} & \multirow{3}{*}{Reduction} & CO & Mn\({}_{3}\)O\({}_{4}\) + CO\({}_{2}\)\(\rightarrow\) 3 MnO + CO\({}_{2}\) \\  & & H\({}_{2}\) & Mn\({}_{3}\)O\({}_{4}\) + H\({}_{2}\)\(\rightarrow\) 3 MnO + H\({}_{2}\)O \\ \cline{1-1}  & & Oxidation & CH\({}_{4}\) & 4 Mn\({}_{3}\)O\({}_{4}\) + CH\({}_{4}\)\(\rightarrow\) 12 MnO + CO\({}_{2}\) + 2H\({}_{2}\)O \\ \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 2: Reduction and oxidation reactions of the active phases found in SOC. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c} \hline
**Crystalline Phase** & & & \\ \hline
**Name** & **Formula** & **OXMN009** & **OXMN009P** \\ Hausmannite & Mn\({}_{3}\)O\({}_{4}\) & X & X \\ Bixbite & MnO\({}_{3}\) & X & X \\ Quartz & SiO\({}_{2}\) & & \\ Tenorite & CuO & & X \\ Hematite & Fe\({}_{2}\)O\({}_{3}\) & & \\ Chromite & FeCr\({}_{2}\)O\({}_{4}\) & & \\ Pseudobrookite & Fe\({}_{2}\)TiO\({}_{5}\) & & \\ \hline \end{tabular} The boxes marked with X indicate the presence of the crystalline phase in the SOC [1].  
\end{table} 
Table 3: X-ray distraction. The EDS analysis was performed on the SOCs in their raw and processed states. To create a representative distribution of the elements on the samples' surfaces, nine points were chosen to detect dispersive energy in the microscopies at 100\(\times\) magnification of each SOC (see Table 4). Table 5 lists the elements found in each solid oxygen carrier in their maximum and minimum concentrations. Finding high Mn contents in OXMN009 and OXMN009P, the elemental composition results in Table 5 support the findings in XFR (see Table 1) and XRD (see Table 2). Cu was discovered in the processed SOC at each elemental detection point, indicating that the element is well distributed within the SOC particles. It should also be noted that the EDS results were only used to determine the presence of the impregnated phase and its distribution in the SOC particles because they do not represent the total elemental composition of the samples. The understudied SOCs OXMN009 and 0 XMN009P were analyzed in TGA, which allowed the determination of the materials' oxygen transport capacities, reaction rate indices, and kinetic parameters with the best behavior. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c c} \hline  & & **Al** & **Si** & **Ti** & **Cr** & **Mn** & **Fe** & **Cu** \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{OXMN009} & Max & 3.7 & - & - & - & 89.7 & 11.0 & - \\  & Min & 1.4 & - & - & - & 11.1 & 2.1 & - \\ \multirow{3}{*}{OXMN009P} & Max & 2.2 & 14.9 & - & - & 78.7 & 12.3 & 13.4 \\  & Min & 2.2 & 0.5 & - & - & 55.6 & 1.7 & 2.3 \\ \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 5: EDS analysis results for TSOs. To determine the effect of copper treatment on the studied SOCs, the reduction and oxidation conversion curves of the native and treated SOCs were compared under the same operating conditions using the thermogravimetric balance (TGA).