## 9 Conclusions  
The implementation of Internet of Things (IoT) sensors in drinking water systems and fog catchers in low-income communities in Ecuador has proven to be an effective and promising strategy for managing this vital resource. Real-time monitoring has validated the accuracy and reliability of these devices, highlighting their potential to generate predictive models and improve decision-making in environments where access to water is limited or scarce. In addition, the use of IoT sensors in construction and water collection systems offers a cost-effective alternative to guarantee efficient operation and prevent potential effects such as leak detection and increases in resource consumption. Ultimately, this research provides new perspectives for improving water management in vulnerable communities, offering innovative and sustainable solutions to address the challenges of access to drinking water, \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c} \hline \hline  & **Title** & **Ref.** \\ \hline \multirow{6}{*}{\
\begin{tabular}{c} Disefo e implementacion de torres atrapanieblas (3d) y ecosistema informático de monitoreo con internet \\ de las cosas y aprendizaje automatico \\ \end{tabular} } & [8] \\ \cline{2-3}  & Potential Solutions for the Water Shortage Using Towers of Fog Collectors in a High Andean Community & [9] \\ \cline{2-3}  & in Central Ecuador & \\ \cline{2-3}  & Fog Collectors Systems with IoT Sensors in the Andes and Coastal Regions of Ecuador South-America and & [10] \\ \cline{2-3}  & Data Processing & \\ \cline{2-3}  & A proposed standard fog collector for use in high-elevation regions & [6] \\ \cline{2-3}  & Efficienia de captacion de agua con tres tipos de malla atrapanieblas en zonas rurales altoandinas de la & [27] \\ \cline{2-3}  & Sierra norte del Peru & \\ \cline{2-3}  & Smallness and Small-device Heuristics: Scaling Fog Catchers Down and Up in Lima, Peru & [28] \\ \cline{2-3}  & Fog water traps as a low-cost alternative source of water in coastal desert areas of the pacific. & [29] \\ \cline{2-3}  & Atmospheric water collection using Three Types of Fog Catchers for high Andean climatic conditions, case: & [30] \\ \cline{2-3}  & locality 22 de Mayo-Celandines-Perú & \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{
\begin{tabular}{c} Fog catchers and water collection in a Colombian paramo ecosystem Collectores de niebla en un \\ \end{tabular} } & [31] \\ \cline{2-3}  & páaramo Andino & \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 3: _Cont._underscoring the importance of technology in creating a more equitable and sustainable future for all. In this context, the previous work of the lead author of this study has pioneered the practical application of flowmeter and fog catcher systems. These efforts have laid the foundation for current implementations of IoT systems, providing an essential framework that has enabled the development of innovative and sustainable solutions for water management. The combination of these technologies has provided new perspectives for improving water management in vulnerable communities, underscoring the importance of technology in creating a more equitable and sustainable future for all. The research highlights how a continuous advance in this area can offer practical and efficient solutions to the constant challenges regarding people's access to drinking water, thus confirming the relevance and impact of the pioneering works of the main author of this work. Conceptualization, D.V.C.-V.; Methodology, D.V.C.-V., D.F.G.R., Y.A.C.L., J.J.C.C. and A.M.A.G. ; Software, D.V.C.-V. and D.F.G.R. ; Validation, D.V.C.-V.; Formal Analysis, D.V.C.-V., D.F.G.R., Y.A.C.L., J.J.C.C. and A.M.A.G. ; Investigation, D.V.C.-V.; Resources, D.V.C.-V.; Data curation, D.V.C.-V.; Writing, D.V.C.-V. and D.F.G.R. ; Original draft preparation, D.V.C.-V.; Writing-review and editing, D.V.C.-V., D.F.G.R., Y.A.C.L., J.J.C.C. and A.M.A.G. ; Visualization, D.V.C.-V.; Supervision, D.V.C.-V.; Project administration, D.V.C.-V. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.