# Overview on Different Types of Solar Cells: An Update
## 5 Thin-Film Solar Cells
### Other Metal Chalcogenide Film Solar Cells  
Based on the literature review, several types of metal sulfide, metal telluride, and metal selenide films have been prepared using different deposition methods. The photovoltaic behavior of these films was studied (Table 6) as reported by many researchers.  
### Other Metal Chalcogenide Film Solar Cells  
Based on the literature review, several types of metal sulfide, metal telluride, and metal selenide films have been prepared using different deposition methods. The photovoltaic behavior of these films was studied (Table 6) as reported by many researchers.  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c} \hline \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**Deposition Technique**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**Thin Films**} & \multicolumn{5}{c}{**Photovoltaic Properties**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**Reference**} \\ \cline{2-2} \cline{5-6}  & \multirow{2}{*}{**Voc (mV)**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**I\({}_{\text{sc}}\)**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**PEC (\%)**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**FF (\%)**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**Reference**} \\ \hline Spin-coating method & Cu\({}_{2}\)ZnSn(S,Se)\({}_{4}\) & 361 & 32 & 6.4 & 55.4 & [243] \\ \hline Radio frequency sputtering & Cu\({}_{2}\)ZnSn(S,Se)\({}_{4}\) & 349 & 30.6 & 4.93 & 46.13 & [244] \\ \hline Dip technique & CdSe & - & - & 1.01 & 33.44 & [245] \\ \hline Rapid thermal-evaporative method & CdSe & 222–501 & 0.17–6.45 & 0.02–1.88 & 50–58.1 & [246] \\ \hline Thermal-evaporative method & Sb\({}_{2}\)S\({}_{3}\) & 330–470 & 0.66–7.8 & 0.08–1.57 & 39.01–42.45 & [247] \\ \hline Hydrothermal method & In\({}_{2}\)S\({}_{3}\) & 320 & 23.43 & 2.39 & 31.82 & [248] \\ \hline Hydrothermal method & Cu\({}_{2}\)SnS\({}_{3}\) & 596 & 10.7 & 1.58 & 24.8 & [249] \\ \hline Sol–gel method & Cu\({}_{2}\)SnS\({}_{3}\) & 276 & 11.6 & 1.12 & 35 & [250] \\ \hline Pulsed-chemical vapor deposition & SnS & 244 & 19.4 & 2.04 & 42.97 & [251] \\ \hline Radio-frequency sputtering & SnS & - & - & 0.38 & - & [252] \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}
Table 6: The growth of different types of thin films using various deposition methods and the photovoltaic properties.  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c} \hline \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**Deposition Technique**} & \multicolumn{5}{c}{**Photovoltaic Properties**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**Reference**} \\ \cline{2-2} \cline{5-6}  & \multirow{2}{*}{**Voc (mV)**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**I\({}_{\text{sc}}\)**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**PEC (\%)**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**FF (\%)**} \\ \hline Electrostatic spray deposition & 230 & 21.72 & 1.75 & 34 & [224] \\ \hline Spray-coating method & - & - & 1.1–1.9 & - & [225] \\ \hline Electro-deposition method & - & - & 1.6 & - & [226] \\ \hline Solution-coating process & 420 & 36.39 & 7.72 & 50.5 & [227] \\ \hline Spin-coating method & - & - & 4.19 & - & [228] \\ \hline Electro-deposition method & 280 & 4.06 & 0.41 & 36.72 & [229] \\ \hline Pulsed electro-deposition & 440 & 33.5 & 5.2 & 38 & [230] \\ \hline Chemical liquid-deposition & - & - & 2 & - & [231] \\ \hline Doctor blade-coating method & - & - & 2 & - & [232] \\ \hline Solvo-thermal method & 130 & 20.72 & 0.735 & 27.3 & [233] \\ \hline Spin-coating method & 780 & - & 6.31 & - & [234] \\ \hline Thermal co-evaporation method & - & - & 10.2 & - & [235] \\ \hline Ink-based deposition & 320 & 18.49 & 2.15 & 37 & [236] \\ \hline Ink-based deposition & - & - & 2.11 & - & [237] \\ \hline Co-precipitation method & - & - & 0.83–1.27 & - & [238] \\ \hline Colloidal synthetic method & 439–471 & - & 0.65–1.45 & - & [239] \\ \hline Solvothermal method & 268 & 4 & 0.75 & 56 & [240] \\ \hline Electro-deposition method & 480 & 20 & 4.13 & 43 & [241] \\ \hline Electro-deposition method & - & - & 3.4–3.8 & - & [242] \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}
Table 5: The growth of CuInX (X = S, Se, and Te) films using various deposition methods and the photovoltaic properties.