## 3 Lean Management and Industry 4.0 Integration: Conceptual Approach
### Correlation Model for the Industry 4.0 Solutions with the Lean Practices
Implementation in production of high-capacity, interconnected and even integrated work robots with human operators (collaborative robots) through sensors that ensure safety at work can create superior conditions for the application of the principles of Lean production: continuous flow, JIT, lean supply chain, elimination of waste and scrap caused by machine failures (Jidoka) and elimination of human errors (Poka-yoke) through advanced automation. * Big Data and Analytics: This involves the use of powerful software tools to cover large amounts of data; brings benefits to the continuous improvement of processes (Kaizen) and the elimination of waste through the high capacity of data collection, sharing and use in real time and their automatic analysis; cyber security along with other Industry 4.0 technologies (IoTs, advanced robotics, cloud computing and artificial intelligence). By transmitting useful data in real time in preventive maintenance activity, the principle (TPM) of Lean manufacturing can be supported as well as the improvement in the services of the production lines. * Artificial Intelligence (AI): Applied in manufacturing, it participates in the efficiency of processes and the elimination of waste, specific objectives of Lean (JIT, Kanban), achieving a high connectivity among data-man-machine. Thus, its self-learning ability creates value by providing human skills and operating facilities to quickly solve production optimization problems through specific applications, machine learning, evolutionary AI algorithms, etc. * Augmented Reality (AR) and Virtual Reality (VR): cutting-edge technologies implemented in intelligent manufacturing systems (CPS) that, together with simulation, can go hand in hand with Lean manufacturing, supporting JIT waste elimination principles or KAIZEN for continuous improvement and TPM reduction of auxiliary downtime in the process, as well as through effective self-learning and training of employees. * Human-Machine Interfaces (HMI 4.0): An advanced solution for Industry 4.0, which in the context of Lean production, facilitates the physical and cognitive connection between man-machine-smart devices by increasing the skills and training of operators (Operators 4.0). It is compatible with Lean principles: JIT, standard work, TPM, VSM and SS. Table 5 provides a summary of the connection between the main I4.0 technologies and Lean practices as well as the positive effects on production and customers. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c} \hline \hline
**Technologies Industry 4.0** & **Methods and Solutions** & **Lean Tools** & **Positive Effects of Correlation** \\  & & & **Industry 4.0—Lean** \\ \hline \hline \multirow{8}{*}{**Cyber–physical system (CPS)**} & & & Creating an automated value \\  & & & chain through digital value \\  & & & stream identification tools and \\  & & & virtual process mapping; \\  & & JIT, e-Kanban & flexibility; real-time production \\  & & & monitoring; JIT cyber delivery; \\  & & & waste reduction. \\ \cline{2-4}  & & & Increased productivity through \\  & & & automation solutions; creating \\  & & & standardized processes as a basis \\  & & & for identifying and fixing errors; \\  & & & quick configuration and \\  & & & adaptation of machines \\  & & & through self-learning. \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 5: The correlation between Industry 4.0 technologies and Lean tools. Through its technologies, Industry 4.0 offers practical solutions for adapting, transforming and streamlining current production systems in which Lean tools are also applied. The integration of the two production and management strategies has positive effects, both technical and socioeconomic, leading to performance based on high-quality customized products and services, low costs, flexibility in delivery and adaptability to customer requirements.