# An ML-Based Solution in the Transformation towards a Sustainable Smart City
## 1 Introduction  
The advancement of artificial intelligence, eHealth, information and communication technologies (ICT) and the Internet of Things (IoT) has caused the mindset of consumers (of services, products, water, energy and other goods) to change from being completely passive towards active monitoring of and even participation in the market. This is creating new smart city communities focused on sustainability and lowering the cost of living. Key factors shaping these attitudes are identified, and the relationship between them and socio-economic and behavioural factors is shown [1]. There is a need for further research and tests to modify individual factors and groups of factors. The social networks of today's cities are strongly and increasingly influenced by new ICT. Its integration into urban operations has fostered the development of information cities, ease of communication and the creation of smart communities. IoT applications and especially the Social IoT (SIoT) have resulted in the emergence of smart cities (SCs) supporting urban operations with minimal human intervention and often even minimal human interaction. This means that data generated by SC residents (also travellers, etc.) and collected by the SIoT can be used to create new smartservices within the SC paradigm [2]. We are thus channelling dispersed people into virtual communities centred around work, interests or lifestyles. This can take forms distinct from the previous behaviour within a place of residence (street, quarter, neighbourhood) or workplace. The place of residence or work may become less about social class or even ease of commuting (nursery or children's schools, shops) and more about a conscious choice based on the financial situation and the ability to afford a particular one. Learning, working and providing services (banking, commercial, health and other) online is slowly becoming the norm. The concept of local and global trust in the provision of services in SC based on online social networks (OSNs) has emerged. The local trust model allows you to determine the so-called central user within the local cluster. The global trust model allows you to indicate the so-called opinion leaders. Filtration of the above-mentioned central users and opinion leaders results in the dispersion and significant limitation of networks such as Facebook or X. However, data posted by citizens on OSNs can enable the creation and promotion of new services, thus mitigating the impact of untrusted users [2]. Industry 5.0 is focused on people and the environment; therefore, it seems natural to integrate low-emission or zero-emission industry (production, services, etc.) into the human environment, so it can be included not only in smart factories, sustainable smart cities and smart territories, but also in the 15-min city paradigm. This places enormous demands on modern industrial solutions, service infrastructure and management systems, including the optimisation of operation, energy consumption and carbon footprint. The goal of the SC, since its appearance at the beginning of the 21 st century, has been to develop optimal care for its inhabitants through the implementation of breakthrough technologies. The meaning of SC expands and becomes more precise as concepts, implementations, new technologies and trends develop, up to the concept of smart territories [1]. These trends have been changing: they started with the transformation of vast metropolitan areas, but their vastness and the dynamics of the surroundings result in the implementation of intelligent technologies only in a small proportion of the processes, and the progress generated by this may be unnoticeable to a large proportion of the inhabitants. The current stage involves focusing on smart micro-territories and satellite cities. The current global population is 8 billion, and estimates for 2050 say it will reach 9.7 billion, concentrated in and around cities, with their overpopulation threatening the quality of life of residents.