## 3 Results and Discussion  
The study showed that the fatty acid profile of the cream samples and butttermilk fractions significantly depended on the physicochemical parameters [23; 24; 25]. In the first stage of the research conducted by our team, volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were determined in three cream samples divided into fractions (distinguished by numbered suffix, i.e., \(-1\), \(-2\), and \(-3\)), as presented in Table 1.  
Table 1 shows the reported volatile organic compounds in fractions from three investigated cream samples. A total number of thirteen VOCs were found, all of them belonging to fatty acids, including long-chain ones, such as octadecanoic acid (stearic acid), hexadecanoic acid (palmitic acid), and tetradecanoic acid (myristic acid). Ten VOCs were reported in the AMF-3 fraction, eleven VOCs in the AMF-2 fraction, and only four VOCs in the AMF-1 fraction. The cream fraction that had the closest qualitative composition to the AMF fraction--in this case, the AMF-3 sample--was the \(\beta\)-serum light fraction-3. GC-MS analysis revealed the presence of various fatty acids, including palmitic, oleic, stearic, lauric, and myristic acids (Figure 1). The composition of these acids differed between samples, which may be the result of differences in processing and storage conditions. Cream samples 1 and 2 showed significant differences in oleic acid and myristic acid content (Table 1). Such differences may be due to different production and storage conditions, which affect the stability and degradation of individual fatty acids. We also noted (Figure 1) that the cream 3 sample contained almost exclusively palmitic acid, as well as significant amounts of capric and myristic acids. It indicates a possible specific production method or selective removal of other acids. In addition, the \(\beta\)-serum light-3 sample was the richest \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Retention** & **Volatile Organic** & **AMF-3** & \begin{tabular}{c} **\(\alpha\)-Serum** \\ **Light** \\ **Fraction-3** \\ \end{tabular} & \begin{tabular}{c} **\(\beta\)-Serum** \\ **Light** \\ **Fraction-3** \\ \end{tabular} & \
\begin{tabular}{c} **AMF-2** \\ **Fraction-2** \\ \end{tabular} &
\begin{tabular}{c} **\(\beta\)-Serum** \\ **Light** \\ **Fraction-1** \\ \end{tabular} \\ \hline
6.211 &
\begin{tabular}{c} Butanoic acid \\ (C4:0) \\ \end{tabular} & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & X & 0 & 0 \\ \hline
9.328 &
\begin{tabular}{c} Hexanoic acid \\ (C6:0) \\ \end{tabular} & 0 & 0 & 0 & X & 0 & 0 & 0 \\ \hline
12.475 &
\begin{tabular}{c} Octanoic acid \\ (C8:0) \\ \end{tabular} & X & 0 & X & X & 0 & 0 & 0 \\ \hline
16.363 &
\begin{tabular}{c} Decanoic acid \\ (C10:0) \\ \end{tabular} & X & X & X & X & 0 & X & X \\ \hline
20.692 &
\begin{tabular}{c} Dodecanoic acid \\ (C12:0) \\ \end{tabular} & X & 0 & X & X & 0 & X & X \\ \hline
24.91 &
\begin{tabular}{c} (Z)-9- \\ Tetradecenoic \\ acid (C14:1) \\ \end{tabular} & X & 0 & X & X & 0 & 0 & 0 \\ \hline
25.01 &
\begin{tabular}{c} Tetradecanoic \\ acid (C14:0) \\ \end{tabular} & X & X & X & X & 0 & X & 0 \\ \hline
27.086 &
\begin{tabular}{c} Pentadecanoic \\ acid (C15:0) \\ \end{tabular} & X & 0 & X & X & 0 & 0 & 0 \\ \hline
28.85 &
\begin{tabular}{c} (Z)-9- \\ Hexadecenoic \\ acid (C16:1) \\ \end{tabular} & X & 0 & X & X & 0 & 0 & 0 \\ \hline
29.109 &
\begin{tabular}{c} Hexadecanoic \\ acid (C16:0) \\ \end{tabular} & X & X & X & X & 0 & X & X \\ \hline
33.144 &
\begin{tabular}{c} (\(E\))-9- \\ octadecenoic \\ acid (C18:1) \\ \end{tabular} & X & 0 & X & X & 0 & 0 & 0 \\ \hline
33.58 &
\begin{tabular}{c} Octadecanoic \\ acid (C18:0) \\ \end{tabular} & X & 0 & X & X & 0 & 0 & 0 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 1: Reported volatile organic compounds in fractions from three cream samples, where 0—compound not detected; X—compound present in the sample (triplicate); LP—lipid number of fatty acid that takes the form C:D, where C is the number of carbon atoms in the fatty acid and D is the number of double bonds in the fatty acid; AMF—anhydrous milk fat.