# A Systematic Review: To Increase Transportation Infrastructure Resilience to Flooding Events
## 3 Results
Geospatial methods illustrated elevation-based depressions of land surfaces that experienced flooding [41]. [PERSON], [PERSON], et al. (2011) investigated qualitative flash flood risk analysis by incorporating remote imagery and physical data in geospatial systems in Sinai, Egypt. Morphometric analysis of the individual sub-basins was evaluated to determine the hazard from flash floods [40]. Through many of these studies, drainage systems (i.e., culverts, drains) were influential characteristics in affecting flood risk [26; 34; 40; 41]. Furthermore, there are several other efforts to investigate the flood risk. For example, [PERSON], [PERSON], et al. (2020) investigated historical flood risks in 11 countries within Southeast Asia, using the CV (coefficient of variation) and TOPSIS (Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution) methods. The CV method was utilized to find weights of the indicators for the flood risk assessment, and the TOPSIS method assessed the flood \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Study** & **Study Title:** & **Year:** & **Authors:** & **Country of Study Area:** & **Journal:** \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{9} & A Location Intelligence System for the Assessment of Pluvial Flooding Risk and the Identification of Storm Water Pollutant Sources from Roads in & 2018 & [PERSON], et al. & Poland & _Water_ \\  & Suburbanised Areas [34] & & & & \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{10} & The Increased Risk of Flooding in Hampton & & & & \\  & Roads: On the Roles of Sea Level Rise, Storm Surges, Hurricanes, and the Gulf Stream [35] & & & & \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{11} & Flood probability quantification for road infrastructure: Data-driven spatial-statistical approach and case study applications [36] & & & \\  & Climate change in asset management of infrastructure: A riskabead methodology applied to disruption of traffic on road networks due to the flooding of tunnels [37] & & & \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{13} & Modeling flash floods in southern France for road management purposes [38] & & & \\  & A method for mapping flood hazard along roads [39] & & & \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{15} & Flash flood risk estimation along the St. & & & \\  & Katherine road, southern Sinai, Egypt using GIS based morphometry and satellite imagery [40] & & & \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{16} & Development of a screening method to assess flood risk on Danish national roads and highway systems [41] & & & \\  & The Environmental Impact of Flooding on & & & \\ \cline{1-1}  & Transportation Land Use in Benin City, Nigeria [42] & & & \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 2: \(Cont.\)risk by utilizing a decision matrix [28]. [PERSON], et al. (2019) used a road risk zoning model that determined submerged depths, assessed urban flood risk with a neural network algorithm, and created flood risk maps. Spatial distribution of this flood risk varied greatly among the cities in the Chang-Zhu-Tan Urban Agglomeration (CZTUA), China [30]. [PERSON], et al. (2017) utilized spatial analysis with ArcHydro to obtain the physical characteristics of the watershed and used statistical methodology (i.e., regression models) to determine and display flood probability in Vastra Gotaland and Varmland counties of Sweden [36; 46]. [PERSON] and [PERSON] (2004) reviewed applications of remote imagery and spatial analysis for flood management and highlighted the importance of accurate analysis of flood depths for flood hazard mapping. This application was recommended to understand impacts of monsoons which are strong winds prevalent in south and southeastern Asia that can bring rains [47]. [PERSON], and [PERSON] (2020) considered morphometric characteristics (e.g., basin areas, stream number and length) to measure the floods of the Mayurakshi River, India [48]. [PERSON] and [PERSON] (2021) created a community-based risk assessment for riverine floods in the Rarh Plains, India that utilized the analytical hierarchy process (AHP).