## 3 Results and Discussion
### Fundamental Thermodynamic Principles for Efficient Carbon Nanotube Dispersion
This is important for understanding the interactions between components in PNB. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c} \hline \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**Number PNB**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**Name of Hydrocarbon Plasticizer**} & \multicolumn{3}{c}{**Content of Components of Updated Compositions of Polymer Nanomodified Binder, \%**} \\ \cline{3-5}  & & **MWCNT** & **Hydrocarbon Plasticizer** & **SBS Polymer** & **Bitumen** \\ \hline
1 & & — & 3.0 & 3.5 & 100 \\
2 & & 5\(\cdot\)10\({}^{-4}\) & 3.0 & 3.5 & 100 \\
3 & Industrial Oil Grade I-40A & 5\(\cdot\)10\({}^{-3}\) & 3.0 & 3.5 & 100 \\
4 & & 5\(\cdot\)10\({}^{-4}\) & 3.0 & 2.5 & 100 \\
5 & & 5\(\cdot\)10\({}^{-3}\) & 3.0 & 2.5 & 100 \\ \hline
6 & & — & 3.0 & 3.5 & 100 \\
7 & & 5\(\cdot\)10\({}^{-4}\) & 3.0 & 3.5 & 100 \\
8 & II Vacuum Distillate & 5\(\cdot\)10\({}^{-3}\) & 3.0 & 3.5 & 100 \\
9 & & 5\(\cdot\)10\({}^{-4}\) & 3.0 & 2.5 & 100 \\
10 & & 5\(\cdot\)10\({}^{-3}\) & 3.0 & 2.5 & 100 \\ \hline
11 & & — & 3.0 & 3.5 & 100 \\
12 & Selective Purification & 5\(\cdot\)10\({}^{-4}\) & 3.0 & 3.5 & 100 \\
13 & Extract, Distillate & 5\(\cdot\)10\({}^{-3}\) & 3.0 & 3.5 & 100 \\
14 & & 5\(\cdot\)10\({}^{-4}\) & 3.0 & 2.5 & 100 \\
15 & & 5\(\cdot\)10\({}^{-3}\) & 3.0 & 2.5 & 100 \\ \hline
16 & & — & 3.0 & 3.5 & 100 \\
17 & Selective Purification & 5\(\cdot\)10\({}^{-4}\) & 3.0 & 3.5 & 100 \\
18 & Extract, Residue & 5\(\cdot\)10\({}^{-3}\) & 3.0 & 3.5 & 100 \\
19 & & 5\(\cdot\)10\({}^{-4}\) & 3.0 & 2.5 & 100 \\
20 & & 5\(\cdot\)10\({}^{-3}\) & 3.0 & 2.5 & 100 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 8: The updated compositions of polymer nanomodified binders. Table 9, which presents results on the structural stability and storage stability of PNB, shows that compositions with higher mixing entropy tend to exhibit better stability, manifested in a more homogeneous structure and smaller changes in softening point temperatures and penetration. For example, Table 9 indicates that PNB containing plasticizers based on selectively purified extracts show the best results in storage stability and structural homogeneity. As the concentration of MWCNTs increases to 5\(\cdot\)10\({}^{-3}\)% in the composition with industrial oil I-40A, the difference in the softening temperature of PMB decreases from 3 \({}^{\circ}\)C (without MWCNT) to 1.1 \({}^{\circ}\)C, corresponding to a reduction of 63.3%. This indicates an improvement in storage stability. For systems with vacuum gas oil, the addition of 5\(\cdot\)10\({}^{-3}\)% MWCNT reduces the difference in the softening temperature by 67% (from 3 \({}^{\circ}\)C to 0.33 \({}^{\circ}\)C), further indicating enhanced system stability. The most significant change in properties is observed in the system with extracts (distillate and residue), where changes reach 76%, indicating a substantial increase in storage stability. When examining changes in penetration at 25 \({}^{\circ}\)C, it was also found that the best results are achieved in dispersion systems with extracts (distillate and residue). In these cases, the change in the penetration indicator decreases by 48.8%. In the system with industrial oil I-40A, the addition of 5\(\cdot\)10\({}^{-3}\)% MWCNT reduces the penetration difference from 14.5 units (0.1 mm) without MWCNT to 9.1 units, which is a reduction of 37.2%. For the case of using II vacuum gas oil, the penetration difference decreases from 6.7 to 4.3 units, which corresponds to a reduction of 35.8% at the same concentration of MWCNT. despite an increase in the number of microscopic states. High enthalpic costs complicate the dispersion process and lead to a less stable system. Upon analyzing the obtained results, we concluded that the data are quite contradictory. Thus, compositions of dispersion systems with positive changes in Gibbs free energy (\(\Delta G>0\)), which from a thermodynamic standpoint indicates system instability, showed the best results in studying the stability of polymer nanomodified binders (PNB). This fact can be explained by several factors:  
1.