# Benefits of Advanced Air Mobility for Society and Environment: A Case Study of Ohio
## 6 Results  
Using all the data and equations described in Sections 4 and 5, we computed the dollar value of the benefits and costs associated with AAM infrastructure over the 2022-2032 time period. The estimated yearly  
The yearly estimated benefit values associated with cost and delivery time savings in package delivery by drones (BF-3), and time and inventory cost savings in cargo delivery by eVTOLs (BF-4) are illustrated in Figure 5. The projected exponential trend of BF-3 suggests that AAM will fuel the growth of package delivery time savings. By 2032, the value of cost and delivery time savings is estimated to reach $7.8 billion, exhibiting a CAGR of 60.2% for the analysis period, in response to the growing demand for quick delivery. The results indicate that Ohio's cargo delivery by eVTOLs will provide substantial lead time savings and cost reductions for businesses that need to deliver products to consumers over the next 11 years, giving another strong reason to invest in AAM infrastructure. More than $66 billion valuation of BF-4 by 2032, at a 63.36% CAGR during the forecasted period, indicates that the AAM infrastructure can generate meaningful economic activity in the logistic network by providing the scopes for more effective use of warehouse space along with increasing the lead time savings. Further justification for building AAM infrastructure in Ohio can be seen in Figure 6, which shows an estimated $274 million of cost reduction to be experienced by the farmers in the crop and livestock farming operations at the beginning of our analysis span. By 2032, this number will exceed $363 million. Focusing on the values for the individual crops, it can be seen that the savings will be higher for corn and soybean relative to wheat. Though we studied only the OHCA case in this paper, Figure 7 helps to realize the potential of AAM infrastructure in improving the medical delivery system. For the year 2032, the projected life-saving value derived from using drones for AED d  
Figure 4: Yearly estimated values coming from BF-1 (see Section 4.1), BF-2 (see Section 4.2) and BF-5 (see Section 4.5). Figure 5: Yearly estimated values coming from BF-3 (see Section 4.3) and BF-4 (see Section 4.4). around $481 million when DSN (see Section 4.7) is 50, which increases to $1677 million when DSN is 1015. During the evaluation of this benefit factor, we adjusted the life-saving value to take into account the cost needed for renovating the local police, fire, or emergency stations to install the necessary drone docking stations. As shown in the figure, the life-saving value is going higher while DSN is increasing. Thus, it can be interpreted that the higher necessity of response to the medical emergency cases can offset the capital and operating cost of DSN. Next, Figure 8 indicates increased tax income for government (BF-8) and savings in social cost of greenhouse gases (BF-9). An upward trend of estimated tax income is projected for the state government of Ohio coming from services utilizing the AAM infrastructure. Over the 11-year time period, it is estimated to reach $369 million by 2032 at a 63.3% CAGR. An exponential upward trend was also observed for BF-9, with around $0.1 million worth of reduction of social costs of GHG in 2032 at 59.8% CAGR. These estimates suggest that AAM infrastructure has significant potential in contributing towards sustainability in transportation relative to the traditional ground transportation. Figure 6: Cost savings in agriculture (BF-6; see Section 4.6). Figure 7: Life-Saving value in AED Delivery (BF-7; see Section 4.7). Finally, Figure 9 displays the net positive gain for society and environment for the next 11 years generated from AAM infrastructure in Ohio. For 2022, the estimated net positive impact (NPI) is $9.74 billion, and following 61.6% CAGR, the gain is estimated to rise at $76.68 billion. We calculated this gain by subtracting the CAPEX-OPEX cost (see Figure 3) from the total sum of all the values of the nine benefit factors over the 11 years.