## 1 Introduction  
The oxidative behavior of asphalt is thought to be a critical factor contributing to the performance of hot-mix asphalt (HMA) pavements [1; 2]. During the oxidation, the ever-changing chemistry, kinetics, and mechanisms of the binder cause the deterioration of pavement performance, which has significant negative influence on the durability of asphalt mixtures, reducing the service life of asphalt pavement [3]. The process of the aging of binder could be divided into two parts. One is the short-term aging, which is caused by heating during the construction. The light oil within the binder may be evaporated and the oxidation is severe during the high-temperature mixing and compaction [4]. The other one is the long-term aging during the service time. Both the traffic effect and environmental condition could cause the aging or decay of the asphalt binder [5]. Factors affecting the aging of asphalt binders could fall into two types, including the internal factors from the material properties (such as _viscosity of binder, types of the modifier, air void, binder content_, and so on) and the external factors from the environment or traffics (such as _sunlight, air oxidation, rain soaking, traffic loading_, and so on) [6; 7; 8; 9]. To evaluate or simulate the oxidation of binders in the laboratory, many binder tests have been calibrated and discussed in a previous study [10]. The rolling thin-film oven tests (RTFOT) play an important role in quantifying the extent of binder oxidation and hardening during the construction process, which is called short-term aging [11]. For the long-term aging simulation, the short-term aged binder is conducted with the pressure aging vessel (PAV) procedure for more than 20 hours [12]. However, the effect of this 20H PAV procedure that corresponds to the in-service aging time is that it is unpredictable, since the climate (air or temperature) is not constant with the development of time or at different locations [13; 14]. Additionally, the distributions of binder within the mixtures are varying. Therefore, it is also critical to consider the binder-filler system within the mixtures when it comes to the oxidation of binder or mastics. The conventional thin-film oven test (RTFOT) and pressure aging vessel (PAV) may not be suitable for the aging of blends of bitumen and filler due to the dramatically increased viscosity of the mastics [15]. Binder aging in pavement always occurs while binder is distributed around aggregates and mineral fillers with a certain distribution of thickness [16]. The catalytic or mitigating effect between the binder and mineral filler could influence the oxidation of the binder or mastics by changing the molecular size distribution of the aged binder [17; 18]. [PERSON] and [PERSON] [19] found that during oxidative aging of asphalt binders and mastics, diffusion and adsorption mechanisms played a role in the rate of aging of asphalt material. Filler concentration and mineralogy type could influence the oxidative process of the mastic significantly. [PERSON] and [PERSON] have established the aging time-temperature effect for the rheological properties of asphalt mastics using PAV-aging [20]. Previous research has proven that the chemical components of binder, saturates, aromatics, resins, and asphaltenes are the key factors influencing the viscoelastic properties of asphalt binder [21; 22]. Meanwhile, both the binder and the fillers scattered within the binder should also have an essential effect on the rheological properties of asphalt mastic [23].  
Based on the above consideration, the main objectives of this study were as follows:  
(1) Develop a simple verified film oven aging method for the laboratory preparation of aged binder-filler systems.  
(2) Evaluate the effect of aging times and aging temperatures on the oxidation level.  
(3) Investigate the changing rheological property of binder-filler systems with different binders or filler contents during oxidation.