## 2 Applicability of Blockchain in Sports  
By offering a safe, unchangeable ledger for transactions, increasing transparency, and guaranteeing regulatory compliance, blockchain technology is reshaping the landscape of sports management. Smart contracts can reduce fraud, enforce adherence to preset standards, and automate financial transactions. Sports event management benefits greatly from a dual-layer architecture strategy that divides the public and private blockchain levels to safeguard private data while preserving an open, decentralized system for ticketing and fan interaction [13]. Sports event administration is automated via smart contracts, which decreases human control while boosting productivity and confidence. For instance, during the World Cup, FIFA used blockchain-based smart contracts for access control and ticketing, guaranteeing automatic ticket authentication and resale, lowering fraud, and guaranteeing safe transactions [14]. Blockchain-enabled contracts have been used to automate prize distribution among players, sponsors, and organizers in professional tennis events, removing inconsistencies and delays [15; 16]. Through Decentralized Autonomous Organizations (DAOs), blockchain technology enables inclusive and transparent governance. This allows event administrators, athletes, sponsors, and fans to actively engage in decision-making through voting processes based on tokens. Organizations can use the DCF (Dynamic Capabilities Framework) and FMG (Four Modes of Governance) framework to spot new trends, put smart contracts and DAOs into place, and constantly adjust governance structures for best results and legal compliance [5; 10]. By reducing typical industry problems like ticket scalping, fake goods, and illegal access, blockchain's technical architecture immediately supports risk management and fraud prevention. By guaranteeing automatic fund transfers in accordance with predetermined agreements and removing conflicts and inefficiencies, self-executing smart contracts also lessen financial fraud [14]. Secure credential verification procedures are ensured by athletes, coaches, and participants being verified through blockchain-based decentralized identity management. Verifiable credentials and decentralized IDs complement DCF's focus on reorganizing digital resources [17; 18]. A paradigm change promoting creativity, effectiveness, and inclusivity is represented by the incorporation of blockchain technology into sports event administration. Sports organizations can optimize event experiences and increase stakeholder participation by implementing flexible, transparent, and secure governance models using the DCF, CGT (Collaborative Governance Theory), and FMG frameworks [19; 20]. Blockchain technology is revolutionizing sports event management by enhancing value creation, streamlining operations, and increasing stakeholder involvement. By offering digital collectibles to buy, sell, and trade on blockchain platforms, sports organizations' use of tokens and NFTs (non-fungible tokens) has revolutionized fan interaction. By encouraging fan involvement and support, these tokens help clubs become more financially and strategically strong. NBA Top Shot uses digital collectibles and NFT-based ticketing to guard against fraud and guarantee authenticity. The sports blockchain market is expected to reach USD 1.4 billion, with an anticipated 8.5% annual growth rate until 2030 [21; 22]. Blockchain has been criticized, nevertheless, for perhaps commodifying random and associating it with traits similar to gambling. Notwithstanding these reservations, the advent of NFTs and fan tokens has given sports organizations new sources of income and allowed them to play a bigger part in the market. Decentralized Autonomous Organizations (DAOs), which feature a networked model of governance and finance, are made possible by the application of blockchain technology in sports transformation procedures and processes [23].