## 2 Literature Review
Although it might work in cases where the severity of the disaster is not high, it will probably not be a feasible solution in most disaster scenarios. The authors also proposed a Rescue Information System for Earthquake Disasters (RISED), which aids in disaster assessment through seismic-related information. The objective of RISED is to provide up-to-date and accurate rescue-related information, such as disaster locations, possible damage to lives and construction, available rescue-and-relief resources, and the shortest way to disaster spots, etc. This system, however, was not practically deployed. For local communication and information collection, authors in [17] proposed and deployed an Integrated Emergency Communication System (IECS) for disaster-struck areas using a Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) and MANET. However, for remote communication, the satellite gateway is used in disaster-safe areas. Furthermore, they proposed an Integrated Emergency Service System (IESS) to provide a variety of emergency management services to people involved in disaster relief missions. MANET is formed using an IEEE 802.11s wireless mesh network, which is comprised of Mesh Access Points (MAPs) and Mesh Clients (MCs). Based on the network conditions and service requirements (local or remote), the mobile end-user can select a communication path either through MANET or through the cellular network (if available), or by using a satellite network. Although it appears feasible in theory, however, neither any practical work nor any actual implementation has been carried out in this regard. In [18], the authors proposed a post-disaster emergency response system using a MANET TestBed. They shared some files from one laptop to another and demonstrated their proposed system. In spite of the fact that the implementation proposed in [18] confirms the feasibility of systems developed for real-world scenarios, it does not accomplish much in terms of a concrete prototype configuration and implementation. Since there is no exchange of relevant information--for instance, they either used geographical coordinates of the disaster area or consolidated the request of any relief-related resource, thus meaning that the scope of this TestBed is extremely limited. In [19], the authors proposed a reconfigurable TestBed development using a Field-Programmable Gate Array (FPGA). They simulated behavioral models for different VANET classifications--for example, the Xilinx ISE (Integrated Synthesis Environment) Suite was used as a simulation tool to extract results by generating and implementing a Verilog code. According to the authors, using dedicated software applications like SUMO (Simulation of Urban MObility) or GrooveSim with VANET are inefficient in terms of time, as these applications have their own limitations. Moreover, they suggest that in their proposed FPGA-based approach, the same chip can be reprogrammed very easily for upgradation purposes if the user wants any additional feature in a customized vehicular network. The motivation to implement an FPGA-based TestBed rather than a regular microcontroller-based TestBed was to achieve higher performance due to FPGAs' parallel-processing mechanism, optimized power requirements, cost reduction, remote access, and runtime hardware reconfigurability for real-time applications. Like the ideas described earlier, this system is also limited to simulations only. Any real-world TestBed implementation of the aforementioned system is yet to be carried out. In [20], the authors discussed an open TestBed that integrates an ad hoc V2V communication and a wireless mesh back-haul, which is based on MobiMESH (Wireless Mesh Network and Mobility Project) hardware/software solutions. The above-mentioned research is based on theoretical analysis, design, and/or simulations being carried out to interrogate various applications and multi-hop ad hoc routing of VANETs in post-disaster emergency response situations.