# From 5G to 6G--Challenges, Technologies, and Applications
## 4 Current Research
### Numerical Discussion
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c} \hline \hline
**Category** & **Paper** & **Summary** \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{2015} & [106] & Investigated in general the evolution of wireless mobile networks; it dedicated a brief discussion to 6G networks, where it was \\  & envisioned to integrate 5G with satellite communication networks. \\ \cline{2-3}  & [107] & Extremely short and brief, it gave a minimalistic discussion about 6G and even 7G networks. Similar to the previous paper, the \\  & authors envisaged 6G by added satellite communications to the networks, while 7G would solve data capacity coverage and handoff issues. \\ \cline{2-3}  & [99] & This is a highly descriptive white paper with an elaboration of B85G system designs, enabling technologies, and objectives for the \\  & European Union (EU) research program. It can be considered among the very first works to explore B85 networks intensively. \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{2016} & [108] & A short study of 6G networks was presented, and it stated that 6G will focus on the security and data throughput aspects of networks, \\  & for next-gen users. Moreover, a visualization of 6G with satellites was presented. \\ \cline{2-3}  & [109] & It gave numerical and written comparisons of how 6G will compare to older generations. Furthermore, it looked at 6G with a \\  & more holistic view with the constraints and disadvantages, which are more of the challenges yet to be overcome in the future. \\ \cline{2-3}  & [110] & A comprehensive look at wireless network generations was given. It emphasized that 6G will blend in with the existing networks \\  & rather than replacing them, with a focus on serving rural and developing areas. 7G was portrayed to achieve zero-latency communication. \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{2017} & [111] & The B5G vision and challenges for IoT smart homes was under the scope of research in this work. Multiple enabling technologies for \\  & next-gen networks were described, such as mobile edge computing and self-organizing networks. \\ \cline{2-3}  & [112] & The future 6G and 7G networks were described along with the older generations of mobile networks. Most notably, 6G will use 5G as \\  & its main backbone and will deploy nano antennas, while 7G will add satellite functions and oceanic communication networks. \\ \cline{2-3}  & [113] & An extensive list of papers about the different wireless communication systems and generations (including 6G and 7G) was surveyed and compared. Multiple descriptions of 6G and 7G were given such as air-fiber technology and satellite functions, respectively. \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{2018} & [12] & It offered a comprehensive look at previous, current, and future wireless networks (6G) in terms of regulations, services, and \\  & innovations. Moreover, it touched on the non-technical aspects of 6G networks such as the impacts on society. \\ \cline{2-3}  & [25] & It presented B5G networks’ role and key requirements for the Industry 4.0 era, most importantly achieving extremely low latencies \\ \cline{2-3}  & & and high reliability metrics for specific applications. Furthermore, it proposed general industrial setups for B5G. \\ \cline{2-3}  & [114] & It discussed a Finnish alliance program that aims to establish 6G standards, requirements, and implementation, such as wireless \\ \cline{2-3}  & & connectivity solutions, distributed computing, vertical applications, and circuit technologies. \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 2: A short overview of the main papers published in the last 5 years on B8G and/or 6G networks.