# The Impact of Impulsive Traffic on Cellular Internet of Things Network Performance Indicators
## 3 NB-IoT
(2) The eDRX was proposed in Release 13 to improve power consumption by increasing the paging monitoring interval. The eDRX mechanism is shown in Figure 4.  
Another important feature is its ability to operate in harsh environments, such as underground areas, where other wireless technologies may not be able to operate. This makes NB-IoT ideal for various IoT applications, including smart cities, smart agriculture, and industrial automation [24]. NB-IoT is renowned for its superior building penetration capabilities, enabling it to reach devices located deep indoors or underground. The signal propagation of NB-IoT is particularly effective due to its narrowband nature, which allows signals to penetrate  
Figure 3: NB-IoT network architecture [25; 26; 27]. Figure 2: NB-IoT operation modes [9]. obstacles more efficiently than wideband signals. However, it has limited non-line-of-sight (non-LoS) propagation due to the high frequency it operates on [28]. NB-IoT is compatible with LTE, meaning it is able to work within it, but there are some differences between these two technologies. NB-IoT operates in FDD (Frequency-division duplexing) half-duplex mode, while LTE supports full-duplex. NB-IoT has its own physical channels and signals, which are listed in Table 3[29]. NB-IoT technology has several uses, including [12]:  
* Smart Metering via NB-IoT: This technology automates utility meter readings, decreasing manual labor and boosting accuracy. * Animal Tracking with NB-IoT: Allows for real-time tracking of livestock or animals, enhancing animal care and management. * NB-IoT Smart Lighting: Enables remote control and monitoring of lighting systems, resulting in increased energy efficiency. Figure 4: eDRX mechanism [26]. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c} \hline \hline
**Channel/Signal** & **Uplink/Downlink** & **Usage** \\ \hline Narrowband reference signal & & Phase reference for downlink \\ (NRS) & & demodulation \\ \hline Narrowband primary and & & Synchronization in time and \\ secondary synchronization & & frequency \\ signals (NPSS and NSSS) & & \\ \hline Narrowband physical broadcast & & \\ channel (NPSCH) & & Carries MIB \\ \hline Narrowband physical downlink & & \\ control channel (NPDCCH) & & Control information \\ \hline Narrowband physical downlink & & Downlink data \\ shared channel (NPDSCH) & & \\ \hline Demodulation reference signal & & Reference for demodulation \\ (DMRS) & & \\ \hline Narrowband physical random & & Random access \\ access channel (NPRACH) & & \\ \hline Narrowband Uplink Shared & & Uplink data and control \\ Channel (NPUSCH) & & information \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 3: NB-IoT channels and signals [29]. * NB-IoT Facility Management: Improves operational efficiency by facilitating the monitoring and management of building systems. * NB-IoT Environmental Monitoring: Aids in the collection of environmental data, which aids in climate study and conservation initiatives. * NB-IoT garbage management: automates garbage level monitoring in bins. NB-IoT is a promising wireless technology that has emerged as a popular choice for IoT applications. Its low power consumption, reliable connectivity, and ability to operate in harsh environments make it an ideal choice for various IoT applications. As the demand for IoT devices continues to grow, NB-IoT is projected to become increasingly essential in the coming years.