# Enabling Technologies for Urban Smart Mobility: Recent Trends, Opportunities and Challenges
## 4 Smart Mobility Services and Applications
### Optimization of Logistics  
Urban mobility and the current challenges we face are not just about the mobility of people and private vehicles. We must also take into account the mobility of goods, commercial transport and urban logistics. These aspects are also important to achieve sustainable and environmentally friendly mobility. If we previously referred to traffic congestion with a greater focus on private vehicles, we must also consider the impact that commercial fleets have on traffic congestion. E-commerce is nowadays a global reality with an increasing tendency of use even for the ease it brings to the consumer. However, this brings the need for deliveries, which has a major impact on urban logistics and also traffic congestion. Another aspect is restaurants and home deliveries, which started to increase in size with Uber-Eats and other similar services [79]. The mobility aspect associated with businesses is thus something that deserves as much concern as private mobility. At the present time, logistics operations are very defragmented, with little integration between the various players, making inefficient use throughout the supply chain. These problems will tend to worsen as the need for the delivery of goods increases, which is expected to be almost certain given the increase in e-commerce businesses, home meal deliveries, among others. As with the increase in the number of private vehicles, the increase in the number of deliveries and logistics processes will also have significant consequences for the increase in fuel, energy and material costs, making the need to optimize these processes obvious [2]. Some of the challenges being faced regarding traffic flow optimization include [63]:  
* Vehicles that deliver not being fully filled in terms of their transport capacity
* Inefficient route optimization to make deliveries
* Lack of coordination between transport providers in order to achieve an integrated way that includes several fleets
* Little awareness by consumers and suppliers of the carbon footprint implications of the large number of deliveries
* Collision of the delivery times with the hours of greatest traffic congestion in the cities
* Deliveries made using vehicles that use fossil fuels
* Inefficient coordination of the different means of transport (sea, air and land)
* Use of private transport by citizens when shopping, instead of using public transport.  
According to [2], smart logistics is related to the integration of vehicles, products and load units that allow route and load optimization, thus reducing waste in the system as a whole. The current data and sensor processing technology will allow the creation of solutions that aim to increase the flexibility and efficiency of road, air, train and marine freight through the integration of the various players in the logistic process that includes individual vehicles, roads and load units. It is expected that platforms for fleet management and optimized route calculation will allow increased efficiency in the operationalization of logistics systems as well as the planning involved in the process, reducing costs, transport with loads that do not make use of the full capacity of the vehicle, accidents or even damage to the products. Sensor technology can contribute to the monitoring and tracking of the location of products and fleets, which allows real-time changes to routes whenever necessary to avoid congestion and reduce time.