# Evolving Strategies and Materials for Scaffold Development in Regenerative Dentistry
## 3 Results
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c} \hline \hline
**Material** & **Type** & **Advantage** & **Disadvantages** & **Cit.** \\ \hline Collagen & Organic & Collagen is one of the most frequently used & & \\  & & biopolymers in the preparation of scaffolds for the & & \\  & & regeneration of hard tissues of the oral cavity. It acts as & & \\  & & the fundamental biological component for various & & \\  & & tissues in the oral and craniofacial area. Its minimal & & \\  & & immunogenicity, excellent biocompatibility, and & & \\  & & straightforward preparation methods from diverse & freeze-drying or electrospinning & \\  & & sources make collagen a favorable choice as a potential & & exhibit insufficient mechanical \\  & & commercial ingredient for creating biomaterials. & & \\  & & Collagen can be effectively modified by many chemical & & \\  & & and physical approaches to fabricate scaffolds in & & \\  & & different forms (e.g., membranes, sponges, gels). & & \\  & & Furthermore, incorporating inorganic elements like & & \\  & & hydroxyapatite(HAP) and \(\beta\)-tricanium phosphate & & \\  & & (\(\beta\)-TCP) through hybridization can result in the & & \\  & & development of mineralized collagen scaffolds. This & & \\  & enhances the scaffolds’ mechanical properties, & & \\  & biodegradation, and ability to induce osteogenesis. & & \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular} \
\begin{tabular}{c c} \hline Gelatin, as a hydrophilic polymer, exhibits exceptional \\  & & sol–gel transition characteristics and biocompatibility, \\  & & rendering it a versatile material within the realm of \\  & & hydrogels. Utilizing gelatin as a matrix for hydrogels \\  & & enables the replication of diverse tissue characteristics \\  & & and facilitates the customization of hydrogel properties, \\  & & including mechanics and degradation. This adaptability \\  & & makes it well-suited for a broad spectrum of biomedical \\  & & applications. Studies have shown that the dental \\  & & light-curving process of gelatin can sustain the viability \\  & & of adult dentin cells, highlighting its potential \\  & & application in the field of dentistry. Furthermore, \\  & & experiments conducted in vitro demonstrated the \\  & & noteworthy bioactivity of the hydrogels, as they \\  & & effectively preserved the chondrocyte phenotype while \\  & & fostering cell adhesion and proliferation. & \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\begin{tabular}{c c} \hline Gelatin is characterized by \\  & coefficient mechanical strength. It is \\  & not suitable for applications that \\  & demand advanced adjustability in \\  & terms of cell adhesion, migration, \\  & and degradation mediated by cells. \\ \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 3: Overview of the most used materials in “hard tissue” regenerative dentistry. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Material** & **Type** & **Advantage** & **Disadvantages** & **Cit. ** \\ \hline Chitosan & Organic & Chitosan, a natural biomaterial primarily derived from chitin, possesses several advantageous characteristics, including biocompatibility, hydrophilicity, biodegradability, and a wide-ranging antibacterial spectrum that encompasses both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria, as well as fungi. Furthermore, its molecular structure features reactive functional groups, offering numerous sites for reactions and opportunities to establish electrochemical connections at the cellular and molecular levels. Chitosan support cell proliferation and cellular activity of osteoblasts and chondrocytes. In addition, research efforts have extensively explored composite formulations involving chitosan and hydroxyapatite, aiming to create templates of chitosan and hydroxyapatite through innovative methodologies. & The degradation rate of PLGA depends on the ratio of L-lactic acid to glycolic acid in the copolymer. Copolymers with a higher content of L-lactic acid degrade more slowly than copolymers with a higher content of glycolic acid.