## 2 Connectivity in Colombia  
Colombian National Planning Department (DNP--Departamento Nacional de Planeacion), together with Information Technologies and Communications Ministry (MinTIC--Ministerio de las Tecnologias de la Informacion y las Comunicaciones), proposes the projected goals for the fulfillment of ODS 9--goal 9.C [8]. Since 2010 MinTIC has carried out its project \"Plan Vive Digital para la Gente\", divided into four components: Users, Infrastructure, Services, and Applications; each one is focused on developing initiatives to build a digital environment. The Users component seeks to promote digital culture and use and appropriation of ICT by citizens through ICT certifications, skills training courses, and the Redvolucion program [9]. The Infrastructure component, one of the most important, proposes initiatives for network infrastructure expansion with the \"National Fiber Optic Project\", which aims to connect 788 municipalities to improve the coverage of services nationwide; Another project is the \"National High Speed Connectivity Project\" which aims to provide 100% coverage to municipalities in the country. Other projects are: \"Digital Connections\" which seeks to provide broadband services to households in strata 1 and 2; \"Kioscos Vive Digital\" for providing ICTs public access to rural communities; \"Puntos Vive Digital\" to train citizens in digital skills in different urban centers; and the project of \"Free Wi-Fi Zones for People\" that provides free Internet connection in public spaces with greater attendance in municipalities across the country. On the other hand, regarding access to public television, there are initiatives to provide universal access to this service using Digital Terrestrial Television (DTT) technology. The Services component defines the quality of broadband connections and initiatives to strengthen both the information technology industry and the MSMEs (Micro, small and medium-sized enterprises); additionally, \"Computadores para Educar\" initiative seeks to improve the quality of education through technological tools. On the other hand, the Applications component seeks to promote the applications and content industry. For example, through the \"Apps.co\" initiative, entrepreneurship is promoted and strengthened by creating business environments and skills development; also, the creation of digital content for creative industries is also encouraged. Finally, through \"ICT and Agro\" initiative strategies that help to improve environmental processes generating economic and production are developed [10]. In addition to the \"Plan Vive Digital para la Gente\" project, in 2016, MinTIC, in alliance with Microsoft company, carried out three pilot tests with TV White Space (TVWS) technology. Three schools located in rural areas were connected to broadband Internet in the municipalities of Dibulla, Guajira; Pamplonita, Norte de Santander; and Aguadas, Caldas. As a result, it was possible to bring the Internet to more than 200 students, which prompted the need to regulate the television white spaces use [11]. On the other hand, private companies have shown their efforts to reduce the digital divide in Colombia. For example, Blazing Soft, in partnership with German Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft Institute, implemented WiBACK technology in the municipality of La Jagua de Ibirico, Cesar. In conjunction with the \"Nativos Digitales\" project, they managed to bring broadband Internet connection to four rural schools, thus promoting technological appropriation and pedagogical skills development. The same partnership also, in cooperation with the Sugar Cane Research Center in Colombia (Cenicana), started a pilot test of this technology in the Automated Meteorological Network where Internet access was difficult through conventional telecommunications infrastructure [12].