# Classification of Alzheimer's Disease Based on White Matter Connectivity Network
## 3 Results and Discussion
### Comparison of FA Values  
Table 2 shows the nodes with notable variations in the FA values between the MCI and NC groups. A total of 16 FA values were selected based on the results of the statistical comparison between the groups. Compared with the NC group, the FA values of the WM were significantly lower in the brain regions such as the bilateral superior parietal gyrus, bilateral supraorbital frontal gyrus, left posterior cingulate gyrus, left cuneiform lobe, right medial supraorbital gyrus, and right angular gyrus in the MCI group.  
Table 3 shows the nodes that have significant differences in FA values between the MCI and AD groups. A total of 16 FA values were selected based on the results of the statistical comparison between the groups. Compared with the MCI group, the FA values of the WM in brain regions such as the bilateral lenticular nucleus, bilateral thalamus, left precuneus, left medial superior frontal gyrus, right insula, and right sub frontal gyrus of insula were significantly lower in the AD group.  
In this study, we found that there was a left-right brain asymmetry in the areas of reduced FA values in some fiber tracts in the AD and MCI groups, and both of them had larger areas of reduced FA on the left side compared to the right side, and this result reveals that the left hemisphere of the brain in the patients with AD and MCI is more severely damaged in the WM. In addition, this study also found significant differences in the brain regions between these groups, which is more consistent with the findings of existing studies [35; 36; 37], that cognitive dysfunction in patients with MCI is not caused by  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Characteristics and Ratings** & **AD** & **MCI** & **NC** & \(p\)**-Value** \\ \hline Age & 67.76 \(\pm\) 5.91 & 67.96 \(\pm\) 5.27 & 65.64 \(\pm\) 4.55 & 0.053 \\ Gender (M/F) & 22/16 & 23/23 & 23/33 & 0.270 \\ Educational attainment & 11.81 \(\pm\) 3.46 & 12.03 \(\pm\) 3.76 & 14.05 \(\pm\) 2.34 & 0.068 \\ MMSE & 23.13 \(\pm\) 2.98 & 28.87 \(\pm\) 2.10 & 29.48 \(\pm\) 1.09 & 0.303 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}
Table 1: Results of demographic characteristics and scale scores of the subjects.  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c} \hline \hline
**Micro Name** & **MCI** & **NC** & \(p\)**-Value** \\ \hline Parietal\_Sup\_L & 0.19 \(\pm\) 0.20 & 0.31 \(\pm\) 0.17 & 9.42 \(\times\) 10\({}^{-4}\) \\ Parietal\_Sup\_R & 0.07 \(\pm\) 0.18 & 0.24 \(\pm\) 0.26 & 5.18 \(\times\) 10\({}^{-4}\) \\ Frontal\_Sup\_Orb\_L & 0.30 \(\pm\) 0.23 & 0.41 \(\pm\) 0.16 & 6.01 \(\times\) 10\({}^{-3}\) \\ Frontal\_Sup\_Orb\_R & 0.30 \(\pm\) 0.21 & 0.40 \(\pm\) 0.14 & 5.91 \(\times\) 10\({}^{-3}\) \\ Cingulum\_Post\_L & 0.07 \(\pm\) 0.18 & 0.24 \(\pm\) 0.26 & 5.18 \(\times\) 10\({}^{-4}\) \\ Cuneus\_L & 0.19 \(\pm\) 0.20 & 0.31 \(\pm\) 0.17 & 9.42 \(\times\) 10\({}^{-4}\) \\ Rectus\_L & 0.07 \(\pm\) 0.18 & 0.23 \(\pm\) 0.23 & 1.59 \(\times\) 10\({}^{-3}\) \\ Pallidum\_L & 0.12 \(\pm\) 0.22 & 0.27 \(\pm\) 0.27 & 3.15 \(\times\) 10\({}^{-3}\) \\ Caudate\_L & 0.30 \(\pm\) 0.21 & 0.40 \(\pm\) 0.14 & 5.91 \(\times\) 10\({}^{-3}\) \\ Insula\_L & 0.39 \(\pm\) 0.19 & 0.47 \(\pm\) 0.10 & 7.33 \(\times\) 10\({}^{-3}\) \\ Lingual\_L & 0.39 \(\pm\) 0.19 & 0.47 \(\pm\) 0.10 & 7.33 \(\times\) 10\({}^{-3}\) \\ Cingulum\_Mid\_L & 0.40 \(\pm\) 0.17 & 0.46 \(\pm\) 0.05 & 9.28 \(\times\) 10\({}^{-3}\) \\ Postcentral\_L & 0.40 \(\pm\) 0.17 & 0.46 \(\pm\) 0.05 & 9.28 \(\times\) 10\({}^{-3}\) \\ Frontal\_Sup\_Medial\_R & 0.09 \(\pm\) 0.18 & 0.23 \(\pm\) 0.23 & 1.59 \(\times\) 10\({}^{-3}\) \\ Angular\_R & 0.01 \(\pm\) 0.07 & 0.11 \(\pm\) 0.22 & 5.49 \(\times\) 10\({}^{-3}\) \\ Frontal\_Mid\_Orb\_R & 0.01 \(\pm\) 0.06 & 0.08 \(\pm\) 0.17 & 9.65 \(\times\) 10\({}^{-3}\) \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}
Table 2: Nodes with significant differences in FA values between MCI and NC groups.  
damage to a few brain regions, but rather, multiple brain regions throughout the whole brain have different degrees of damage.