## 6 Required Materials and Methods for Space Mission Planning  
In this section, we present the explanation of required materials and methods for space mission planning. Space mission planning requires careful consideration of various materials and methods to ensure successful execution. The following is a description of some of the key components involved in the planning process:  
Mission Objectives and Requirements: Defining clear mission objectives and requirements is the foundation of space mission planning. This includes identifying scientific goals, exploration targets, payload requirements, and mission duration. These objectives serve as a guide for all subsequent planning activities [63]. Systems Engineering: Systems engineering is a crucial methodology used in space mission planning. It involves the systematic identification, analysis, and integration of various subsystems and components to ensure the mission's overall success. Systems engineering techniques help in defining system architectures, interfaces, and functional requirements [64]. Payload and Instrumentation: Space missions often carry scientific instruments or payloads designed to collect data or perform experiments. The selection and integration of these payloads into the spacecraft require careful planning. This includes defining payload requirements, ensuring compatibility with the spacecraft's resources and interfaces, and considering power, data, and communication requirements [65]. Launch Vehicle Selection: Choosing the appropriate launch vehicle is essential for space mission planning. Factors such as payload mass, volume, trajectory requirements, and launch availability need to be considered. Launch vehicle selection impacts the mission's cost, schedule, and overall feasibility [66]. Mission Design and Trajectory: Mission design involves determining the spacecraft's trajectory, including the launch phase, cruise phase, and arrival at the destination. This includes trajectory optimization to minimize fuel consumption, achieve desired orbital parameters, and enable necessary maneuvers during the mission [67]. Spacecraft Design and Manufacturing: The design and manufacturing of the spacecraft involve various disciplines, including mechanical, electrical, and thermal engineering. Materials selection, structural analysis, thermal control systems, and power management are crucial considerations. Manufacturing processes must adhere to strict quality control standards to ensure the spacecraft's reliability and robustness [68]. Ground Systems and Operations: Ground systems and operations encompass the infrastructure, facilities, and procedures necessary to support the space mission. This includes mission control centers, communication networks, tracking stations, and data processing systems. Ground systems also involve planning and executing mission operations, monitoring spacecraft health, and coordinating data collection [69]. Risk Management: Risk management is an integral part of space mission planning. It involves identifying potential risks, assessing their impact and likelihood, and developing strategies to mitigate or manage them. Risk analysis techniques [70], contingency planning, and reliability assessments are employed to minimize the likelihood of mission failure [71]. Budgeting and Resource Allocation: Effective budgeting and resource allocation are essential for space mission planning. This includes estimating the cost of spacecraft development, launch services, ground operations, and data analysis. Financial planning and resource management ensure the mission remains within budgetary constraints and maximizes the utilization of available resources [72; 73]. Regulatory and Legal Considerations: Space mission planning requires compliance with national and international regulations, treaties, and guidelines. This includes obtaining necessary licenses, permits, and approvals. Legal considerations also encompass intellectual property rights, liability issues, and adherence to space debris mitigation guidelines [74].