# A Review on Design Considerations and Connection Techniques in Modular Composite Construction
## 3 Area of Research
### Experimental Studies on Connections
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{p{56.9 pt} p{113.8 pt} p{113.8 pt} p{113.8 pt}} \hline
**Year** & **Author** & **Prefabricated Structure** & **Parameters Studied** \\ \hline
2023 & [PERSON] et al. [65] & Precast Shear Wall & Lateral cyclic loading test on precast shear walls with shoe bolt connection \\ \hline
2022 & [PERSON] et al. [66] & Precast Column & Lateral cyclic loading on precast column with end plate and high-strength bolt connection \\ \hline
2022 & [PERSON] et al. [67] & Precast Column-to-Column & Lateral reverse cyclic loading test on precast column with bolted flange plate connection \\ \hline
2019 & [PERSON] et al. [68] & Precast Shear Walls & Tensile and shear tests on an embedded plate and high-strength bolt connection. Lateral cyclic loading test on shear wall with bolted connection \\ \hline
2019 & [PERSON] et al. [69] & Precast beam & Fatigue test on a precast beam using through-bolt shear connection \\ \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 4: _Cont._ \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{p{56.9 pt} p{113.8 pt} p{113.8 pt} p{113.8 pt}} \hline
**Year** & **Author** & **Prefabricated Structure** & **Parameters Studied** \\ \hline
2024 & [PERSON] et al. [22] & Precast Shear Wall & Lateral cyclic test on a shear wall with grouted corrugated metal duct connection \\ \hline
2023 & [PERSON] et al. [21] & Precast Shear Wall & Lateral cyclic test on a shear wall with grouted sleeve connection \\ \hline
2023 & [PERSON] et al. [70] & Precast Shear Wall & Lateral cyclic tests on grouted sleeves and corrugated metal ducts connected shear wall specimens \\ \hline
2023 & [PERSON] et al. [71] & Precast Shear Wall & Lateral Cyclic loading test on a shear wall with grouted sleeve coupler connection \\ \hline
2022 & [PERSON] et al. [72] & Ground coupler connection & Tensile tests on full-grouted and half-grouted coupler specimens \\ \hline
2022 & [PERSON] et al. [73] & Ground coupler connection & Tensile tests of fully grouted coupler specimens \\ \hline
2022 & [PERSON] et al. [74] & Precast Column & Lateral cyclic loading tests on precast column with grouted sleeve connection \\ \hline
2022 & [PERSON] et al. [75] & Precast Column & Static pushover test on precast column with grouted sleeve connection \\ \hline
2022 & [PERSON] et al. [76] & Precast Bridge Pier & Lateral cyclic loading on precast pier with grouted splice sleeve connected to footing \\ \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 5: Summary of investigations on wet connections in precast structures. erably higher ductility of 9.94, suggesting superior deformation capability under applied stress. Shear walls incorporating steel plate and bolt joints attain the highest maximum load of 575 kN and enhanced ductility of 4.92, in contrast to cast-in-place joints, which register a 518 kN peak load and a ductility of 4.15. This pattern persists with other structures, where grouted coupler joints typically display elevated ductility while steel plate and bolt joints present superior maximum loads, highlighting the inherent trade-offs between various connection types regarding load capacity and flexibility. The graph illustrates the distinctions between the two connection types for each structural configuration, as the initial experimental investigations predominantly centred on juxtaposing a particular connection type with cast-in-place construction, in alignment with their methodological approaches.