esa-sceva/satcom-chunk-collection huggingface dataset:
# Analysis of Urban Spatial Accessibility of Museums within the Scope of Seoul
## 2 Space Syntax and Research Method
### Research Method  
Basic information about museums in Seoul was examined by referring to the Overview of National Cultural Infrastructure [54] published in 2021 by the Ministry of Culture, Sports and Tourism, and the GIS data of road sections in Seoul [55] to create axial maps were based on the updated version in 2022. GIS data includes roads that prohibit access to pedestrians, so they were removed from the analysis. The GIS data file was converted into a CAD file to establish the same unit standard, and then the scale was adjusted to a 1:1 metric standard to prepare axial maps. The overall research process is as follows.  
The distribution of museums was checked based on the created urban space axial map of Seoul. Based on the results, the hierarchy of urban space in Seoul was analyzed to understand the status and derive each museum's global and local integration. After converting to a segment map, the accessibility indicators of the museums were organized according to the weighted travel angle and limit distance settings.  
In terms of the travel angle and limit distance settings, the weighted angle was set to 1024, and the limit distance to 250, 500, 750, 1000, 1250, 1500, 1750, and 2000. In order to make the derived data more readable, the absolute values of all indicators were organized in descending order and then converted to relative values within the range of 0.000-1.000 using Equation (4) below. Table 3 shows the interpretations of the symbols in the equation [16].  
\[A_{(r)}=1-\frac{N_{x}-N_{min}}{N_{max}-N_{min}} \tag{4}\]  
Finally, to analyze the urban spatial accessibility of museums, correlation analyses were conducted between the global integration and local integration, and the fixed weighted travel angle of 1024 and the relative values of the accessibility index at the limit distance of 250 m, 500 m, 750 m, 1000 m, 1250 m, 1500 m, 1750 m, and 2000 m. The reason is that the polynomial curve fitting analysis is only significant when the derived relative values are mathematically correlated. After confirming the correlation, a goodness-of-fit analysis was performed using variables with significance. Insignificant variables were removed from this study.  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c} \hline \hline
**Type** & **Interpretation** \\ \hline A(r) & The relative interval value of the absolute value \\ N & The number of axial lines \\ Nx & The absolute sequence number of the corresponding axial line \\ Nx & Nmin \(\leq\) Nx \(\leq\) Nmax \\ Nmin & The minimum value of the axial line sequence number \\ Nmax & The maximum value of the axial line sequence number \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}
Table 3: Relative value calculation formula interpretation.  
All indicators related to urban hierarchy were calculated using the UCL Depth Map, and the Origin 2019b software package was used for correlation analysis and polynomial curve fitting analysis.
## 5 Conclusions  
The study aims to control the noise generated by the dental handpiece by sound masking and a unit chair equipped with a bone conduction speaker. A clinical trial and  
Figure 8: Results of the subjects’ responses to the emotion questionnaire by sound sources.  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c} \hline \hline  & **Music (Ex. BTS, “Butter”)** & **Notch-Filtered Music** \\ \hline
**Total RMS Amplitude** & \(-15.89\) dB & \(-18.36\) dB \\
**Average RMS Amplitude** & \(-18.80\) dB & \(-20.06\) dB \\
**Loudness (Legacy)** & \(-14.36\) dB & \(-17.61\) dB \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}
Table 3: Statistical data on average root mean square (RMS) and loudness change of the notch-filtered music.  
statistical analysis were conducted on 35 patients to investigate the possibility that the proposed system could help the emotional stability effects of music. In addition, analyzing the causes of the emotional changes implies that the patient's preferred genre of music may also be considered. However, this study conducted a noise control study focusing on air-conducted dental handpiece noise. In the future, we plan to conduct a noise control study on bone-conducted dental handpiece noise. In addition, in this paper, the user's subjective noise intensity was manually applied as a noise masking level through a questionnaire for clinical trials. Based on the experimental results, we plan to automate the application of the notch filters through real-time noise level and frequency analysis.  
Through this study, it can be expected that this technique will be applied to improve the quality of medical services and to control noise (low frequency such as vibration) by other electronic devices as well as dental handpieces. In addition, it is thought that it will be helpful to improve patient satisfaction with treatment by finding and additionally applying factors that are expected to affect noise reduction measures during dental treatment in various ways.  
Conceptualization, E.S.; methodology, Y.J.; software, Y.J. and S.H.; validation, H.K.; formal analysis, Y.J.; investigation, W.K. and S.H.; resources, H.K.; data curation, Y.J.; writing--original draft preparation, Y.J.; writing--review and editing, J.V.B. and H.-S.K.; visualization, W.K.; supervision, E.S.; project administration, E.S.; funding acquisition, E.S. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.  
This work was supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) grant funded by the Korea government (MSIT) (No. 2021R1G1A1093763).  
The study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki, and approved by the Institutional Review Board of Chosun University Dental Hospital, Korea (Protocol Code CUDHIRB 2104 003 and date of approval 17 August 2021).  
Not applicable.  
Data Availability Statement: Data are available upon request.  
The authors declare no conflict of interest.
###### Abstract  
As a subclass of nanosatellites, CubeSats have changed the game's rules in the scientific research industry and the development of new space technologies. The main success factors are their cost effectiveness, relative ease of production, and predictable life cycle. CubeSats are very important for training future engineers: bachelor's and master's students of universities. At the same time, using CubeSats is a cost-effective method of nearest space exploration and scientific work. However, many issues are related to efficient time-limited development, software and system-level quality assurance, maintenance, and software reuse. In order to increase the flexibility and reduce the complexity of CubeSat projects, this article proposes a \"hybrid\" development model that combines the strengths of two approaches: the agile-a-like model for software and the waterfall model for hardware. The paper proposes a new computing platform solution, \"Falco SBC/CDHM\", based on Microchip (Atmel) ATSAMV7 IQ21 with improved performance. This type of platform emphasizes low-cost space hardware that can compete with space-grade platforms. The paper substantiates the architecture of onboard software based on microservices and containerization to break down complex software into relatively simple components that undergraduates and graduates can handle within their Master's studies, and postgraduates can use for scientific space projects. The checking of the effectiveness of the microservice architecture and the new proposed platform was carried out experimentally, involving the time spent on executing three typical algorithms of different algorithmic complexities. Algorithms were implemented using native C (Bare-metal) and WASM3 on FreeRTOS containers on two platforms, and performance was measured on both \"Falco\" and \"Pi Pico\" by Raspberry. The experiment confirmed the feasibility of the complex application of the \"hybrid\" development model and microservices and container-based architecture. The proposed approach makes it possible to develop complex software in teams of inexperienced students, minimize risks, provide reusability, and thus increase the attractiveness of CubeSat student projects.  
CubeSat; nanosatellite; COTS; CDHM; OBC; containerization; microservices architecture; agile; on-board interpreter; WASM3; software; WebAssembly; FreeRTOS; Falco; Raspberry Pi +
Footnote †: journal: _Compputation_
### Significance and Contributions  
The significance of this study lies in its potential to change the design and operation of large-scale communication networks to the offshore wind farm application scenario. This review addresses a critical gap in the literature concerning the adoption of SDN/NFV-based architectures in the design of offshore wind farm Operational Technology (OT) communication networks with stringent Quality of Service (QoS) requirements. The paper serves as a guiding beacon for practitioners seeking to understand the latest advancements in this communication network domain. Also, it provides researchers with valuable insights to identify and pursue promising research streams. Subsequently, this review paper:  
* Conducts a comprehensive review of how Industry 4.0, IIoT, Edge computing, and virtualization technologies will be integrated into next-generation offshore wind farm data-acquisition systems design,  
Figure 1: The evolution of network automation for network and service management (1960 to 2050 and beyond).  
* Examines the performance, security, reliability, and scalability challenges of implementing software-defined networking and network function virtualization in the design of IIoT-Edge networks,
* Discusses approaches to mitigate the highlighted challenges and build resilience in the next-generation offshore wind farm's software-defined IIoT-Edge networks.
# Application Ranges of EPB Shield TBM in Weathered Granite Soil: A Laboratory Scale Study
## 2 Materials and Methods
### Weathered Granite Soils and Conditioning Agents Used in Experiments
#### 2.2.2 Conditioning Agents  
The conditioning agents used for the EPB shield TBM include water, foam, polymer, solidification agent (water-absorbing polymer), bentonite, and anti-clay polymer. The conditioning agents used in this experiment and their physical properties are summarized in Table 2. Foam added to the excavated soil plays roles in increasing compressibility, reducing the internal friction angle, maintaining the uniform distribution of the chamber pressure, and reducing the permeability [15]. In these experiments, an FER of 10 was used, which is a normal practice in situ [10].  
Polymers are used in coarse soil with high permeability and/or when tunneling work is going on below the groundwater level. In other words, the use of polymers is recommended when mixing with foam alone is not sufficient. Soil-structuring polymer used in porous ground forms networks through chained structures to increase the cohesion of the excavated soil and reduce the internal friction angle [15; 16]. As a result, the soil-structuring polymer helps the conditioned soil to behave in a pseudo-plastic state and  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c} \hline \hline  & **Soil 1** & **Soil 2** & **Soil 3** & **Soil 4** & **Soil 5** \\ \hline Percent passing through a \#200 sieve (\%) & 17.1 & 11.8 & 6.5 & 1.2 & 0 \\ \hline Initial water content (\%) & 10 & 10 & 10 & 10 & 10 \\ \hline Permeability coefficient (cm/s) & \(2.93\times 10^{-4}\) & \(4.46\times 10^{-4}\) & \(9.13\times 10^{-4}\) & \(1.40\times 10^{-3}\) & \(1.80\times 10^{-2}\) \\ \hline Consistency & NP & NP & NP & NP \\ \hline G\({}_{\text{s}}\) & 2.62 & 2.64 & 2.59 & 2.63 & 2.65 \\ \hline Unified classification & SM & SP-SM & SP-SM & SP & SP \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}
Table 1: Physical properties of the five weathered granite soils.  
Figure 2: Particle-size gradation curves for the five weathered granite soils.  
decreases the soil's permeability. The polymer slurry used in these experiments was an emulsion type with high viscosity; it was diluted to 0.3% concentration before it was added to the soil samples. Polymer slurry can be injected either at the front of the cutter head or within the chamber, with or without other conditioning agents. In contrast, the polymer used as a solidification agent (known as water-absorbing polymers or thickeners) is not diluted but is directly added to the working chamber or the screw conveyor as is. By the way, for the definition of parameters to describe the quantity and quality of the conditioning agents such FER, FIR, and polymer injection ratio (PIR), please refer to [10].
# Evaluation of Multi-Beam Massive MIMO Considering MAC Layer Using IEEE802.11 ac and FDD-LTE
## 5 Conclusions  
In this paper, we proposed a simple adaptive modulation method for multi-beam massive MIMO and evaluated its performance when implemented in a MAC layer. The effectiveness of the proposed transmission method was validated through computer simulation. The performance of the method asymptotically approached the ideal characteristic because of the implementation of simple adaptive modulation using amplitude correlation and received power. The proposed method was also shown to achieve higher throughput characteristics compared to a hybrid approach with sub-arrays and a full-digital beam-forming configuration under the IEEE802.11 ac and FDD-LTE environments. Future works include the further theoretical analysis and experimental evaluation using the analog multi-beam by Butler matrix circuit.  
**Author Contributions:** This study was led by [PERSON] while [PERSON], [PERSON], [PERSON] and [PERSON] assisted with the computer simulations.  
Figure 8: Transmission rate versus throughput from Equation (3).  
Figure 9: Characteristics of transmission rate and throughput under FDD-LTE.  
**Funding:** This work was partially supported by the SCOPE #165004002, #185004002 and KAKENHI, Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B) (17H01738, 17H03262).  
**Conflicts of Interest:** The authors declare no conflict of interest.
## 2 Proposed Software Architecture
### Software Architecture Evaluation
#### 2.4.1 Critical Evaluation of Proposed Software Architecture Design  
The verification of the desirable requirements (described in Section 2.1) for the design of the proposed software architecture is described in this section. The requirements considered in the design of the proposed software architecture in this work are described below according to the proposed layers. The storage, communication, and presentation layers were designed to consider requirements REQ1-REQ9. In the plugin, sensorization, storage, information gathering, emergency actions, communication, and presentation layers, requirements REQ10, REQ13, and REQ28 were mapped. The storage, information  
Figure 8: Locations of people in building A (**a**) and a list of people within the GHEIs (**b**).  
gathering, emergency actions, reports, communication, and presentation layers were created to address REQ11, REQ12, REQ14, REQ18, REQ20, REQ21, REQ22, REQ23, REQ24, REQ29, REQ30, and REQ36. Requirements REQ15, REQ16, REQ17, REQ19, REQ25, REQ26, and REQ27 were mapped in the plugin, sensorization, storage, information gathering, communication, and presentation layers. The plugin, sensorization, storage, and communication layers were designed to consider REQ31, REQ32, REQ34, and REQ37. The proposed software architecture is based on tiers, layers, and architectural patterns such as MVC and MVVM to meet the requirements REQ33, REQ34, REQ35, REQ36, REQ37, and REQ38. In our software architecture, tiers complement layers; services are modeled in vertical abstract layers, while the tiers handle the functionality of a specific layer within the nodes. Each layer is independent since it performs a specific service. The mobile tier is designed to operate on devices with limited storage and processing capabilities (for example, mobile devices). On the other hand, the manager/administrator tier is designed to work on devices with greater storage and processing capacity, such as servers. Therefore, the workload is higher in the administrator tier than in the mobile tier. Although both tiers contain layers with the same names, their services depend on the device's resources. Based on the obtained results, it is concluded that the proposed software architecture in this work addresses all the desirable requirements for the development of smart mobile distributed systems that are focused on managing the activities of people and members during earthquakes at GHEIs. In this work, we also show that it is possible to develop an SMDS focused on managing the activities of people and members of the brigades during earthquakes based on the proposed software architecture design with different architectural views (conceptual, component, and deployment views). Developers and research groups building upon our software architecture will be able to develop SMDS solutions focused on managing emergency cases while ensuring the required quality attributes and specifications.
# Refined Prior Guided Category-Level 6D Pose Estimation and Its Application on Robotic Grasping
## 4 Results
### Ablation Studies  
Table 3 presents the results on the CAMERA25 dataset after incorporating the Feature Fusion Module and Refine Module into the network proposed in this paper. The results indicate that while the Feature Fusion Module provides a certain degree of improvement to the model, it notably enhances performance on the 5\({}^{\circ}\)5 cm metric, increasing the mAP by 2.3%. Furthermore, after adding the Refine Module, significant improvements are observed across all evaluation metrics, with increases of 0.7%, 2.4%, 4.3%, 4.1%, 2.3%, and 2.6% in the 3D50, 3D75, 5\({}^{\circ}\)2 cm, 5\({}^{\circ}\)5 cm, 10\({}^{\circ}\)2 cm, and 10\({}^{\circ}\)5 cm metrics, respectively. This demonstrates that each module contributes to the overall effectiveness of the model.  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Method** & **3D50** & **3D75** & **5\({}^{\circ}\)2 cm** & **5\({}^{\circ}\)5 cm** & **10\({}^{\circ}\)2 cm** & **10\({}^{\circ}\)5 cm** \\ \hline NOCS [7] & 78.0 & 30.1 & 7.2 & 10.0 & 13.8 & 25.2 \\ SAR-Net [31] & 79.3 & 62.4 & 31.6 & 42.3 & 50.3 & 68.3 \\ SPD [8] & 77.3 & 53.2 & 19.3 & 21.4 & 43.2 & 54.1 \\ CR-Net [30] & 79.3 & 55.9 & 27.8 & 34.3 & 47.2 & 60.8 \\ RPB-Pose [29] & - & **67.8** & **38.2** & **48.2** & 63.1 & 79.2 \\ SGPA [28] & 80.1 & 61.9 & 35.9 & 39.6 & 61.3 & 70.7 \\ Ours & **82.1** & 66.1 & 36.7 & 40.3 & **64.7** & **79.7** \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}
Table 2: Comparison with state-of-the-art methods on REAL275 dataset. The bolded parameters indicate the optimal values for each metric.  
Figure 8: Illustration of the comparison between the detection results of our proposed method and those of SGPA. The top two images depict the results from SGPA, while the bottom two images show the predictions made by our method. The red boxes represent the algorithm’s predicted results, and the green boxes indicate the ground truth. It is evident that our proposed algorithm performs better than SGPA in predicting rotation and size.
# Intelligent Trajectory Prediction Algorithm for Reentry Glide Target Based on Intention Inference
## 5 Intelligent Trajectory Prediction Algorithm Based on Intention Inference
### Signal Change Commonly Used in Predictor-Corrector Guidance  
1. The reentry glide target will fly towards the key point;
2. The reentry glide target will avoid the no-fly zone.  
Based on these principles, the change logic of bank angle is shown in Figure 10. When the trajectory of the target is extrapolated and the direction of flight heading angle does not pass through the no-fly zone, as shown in Figure 10a, the change rule of the target will be as follows:  
\[\text{sgn}(\beta)=\text{sgn}(\Delta\psi)=\text{sgn}(\psi_{t}-\psi) \tag{17}\]  
According to Equation (17), the sign of bank angle is predicted to fly toward the key point. If the direction of the flight heading angle passes through the no-fly zone as shown in Figure 10b, the variation rule is  
\[\text{sgn}(\beta)=\text{sgn}(\Delta\psi_{b})=\text{sgn}(\psi_{b}-\psi) \tag{18}\]  
According to Equation (18), the sign of bank angle is predicted to change towards the direction avoiding the no-fly zones the fastest.  
Figure 10: Sign variation rule of bank angle: (**a**) is the case the no-fly zone has no influence on the target; (**b**) is the case the no-fly zone has influence on the target.  
Figure 9: Design of intention inference network.
## Nomenclature  
\begin{tabular}{l l l l} Latin alphabet & & & \\ \(a\) & equation parameters & \(m\) & \(\alpha\) function coefficient \\ \(b\) & equation parameters & \(M\) & molar mass (g mol\({}^{-1}\)) \\ \(c\) & equation parameters & \(N_{A}\) & Avogadro constant \\ \(d\) & equation parameters & \(p\) & pressure (Pa) \\ \(D\) & diameter (m) & \(r\) & radius (m) \\ \(f\) & conformal parameters related to & \(R\) & gas constant (J mol\({}^{-1}\) K\({}^{-1}\)) \\ \(F\) & correction factor & \(T\) & temperature (K) \\ \(g\) & acceleration of gravity (m s\({}^{-2}\)) & \(V\) & specific volume (m\({}^{3}\) kg\({}^{-1}\)) \\ \(h\) & conformal parameters related to & \(\Delta V\) & specific volume translation (m\({}^{3}\) kg\({}^{-1}\)) \\ \(k\) & Boltzmann constant & \(Z\) & compression factor \\ \(K\) & coefficient of critical heat flux & CHF & critical heat flux (W m\({}^{-2}\)) \\ \(\Delta H\) & latent heat of evaporation (k) kg\({}^{-1}\)) & \(HTC\) & heat transfer coefficient (W m\({}^{-2}\) K\({}^{-1}\)) \\ Greek alphabet & & & \\ \(\alpha\) & \(\alpha\) function & \(\varphi\) & fugacity coefficient \\ \(\eta\) & dynamic viscosity (Pa s) & \(\chi\) & correction factor of thermal conductivity \\ \(\kappa\) & hydrogen bonding parameters & \(\psi\) & correction factor of viscosity \\ \(\lambda\) & thermal conductivity (W m\({}^{-1}\) & \(\omega\) & eccentricity factor \\ \(\mu\) & molecular dipole moment & \(\Omega\) & collision integral \\ \(\rho\) & density (kg m\({}^{-3}\)) & \(\xi\) & theoretical compression factor \\ Subscript & & & \\ \(b\) & boiling point & \(r\) & contrast \\ \(br\) & boiling point contrast state & _ref_ & reference \\ \(c\) & critical state & \(s\) & saturated state \\ \(dim\) & dimensionless & \(V\) & gas phase \\ \(L\) & liquid phase & \(w\) & wall \\ \(o\) & outside the tube & \(\eta\) & dynamic viscosity \\ \(PR\) & PR equation & \(\lambda\) & thermal conductivity \\ \(pt\) & pseudo-triple point & \(0\) & reference fluid \\ Superscript & & & \\ \(int\) & contribution of intramolecular & * & dilution gas item \\  & motion & & \\ \end{tabular}