## 2 Materials and Methods
### Data Collection and Processing
#### 2.2.2 Calculation of NDVI Value of Each Park
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{l l l} \hline \hline
**Item** & **Formula** & **Source** \\ \hline \multirow{8}{*}{Landscape engineering total carbon footprint} & TCF = CFmc + CFrm + CFeu + CFdw \(-\) Cfa \(-\) CFo & \\  & TCF: Total Carbon Footprint of Landscape Works (kgCO\({}_{2}\)e) & \\  & CFmc: Carbon Footprint of Materials and Construction of New Construction (kgCO\({}_{2}\)e) & \\  & CFrm: Carbon Footprint of Defect Repair and Renewal (kgCO\({}_{2}\)e) & [5; 40; 43; 44] \\  & CFeu: Carbon Footprint of Daily Use (kgCO\({}_{2}\)e) & \\  & CFdw: Carbon Footprint of Dismantling and Disposing of Wastes (kgCO\({}_{2}\)e) & \\  & CFa: Carbon Sequestration Equivalent of Planting (kgCO\({}_{2}\)e) & \\  & CFo: Carbon reduction from low-carbon building materials and equipment (kgCO\({}_{2}\)e) & \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{Total Carbon Footprint of Cut and Fill Volumes (kgCO\({}_{2}\)e)} & (Fuel Consumption of Equipment \(\times\) Carbon Emission Factor of Fuel) + (Transportation Distance \(\times\) Carbon Emission Factor of Transportation Process) + (Total Filling Volume \(\times\) Carbon Emission Factor of Filling) + (Total Excavation Volume \(\times\) Carbon Emission Factor of Excavation) & [40; 43; 44] \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{Total Carbon Footprint of Construction Materials (kgCO\({}_{2}\)e)} & \multirow{2}{*}{\(\sum\limits_{i=1}^{n}\)(Quantity of material \(\times\) carbon emission factor of material)} & [5; 40; 43; 44] \\  & & \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{Workers’ Total Carbon Footprint (kgCO\({}_{2}\)e)} & \multirow{2}{*}{\(\sum\limits_{i=1}^{n}\)(Number of hours worked by workers \(\times\) carbon emission factor of work activities)} & [43; 44] \\ \hline \multirow{8}{*}{Calculating the Total Carbon Footprint of Planting Vegetation (kgCO\({}_{2}\)e)} & \multirow{2}{*}{Arbor (diameter \(<\)10 cm): \(\sum\)(number of plants \(\times\) total carbon emission 4.30)} & \multirow{2}{*}{[1; 39; 43; 44]} \\  & Trees (diameter 10–15 cm): \(\sum\)(Number of plants \(\times\) Total carbon emission 5.60) & \\ \cline{1-1}  & Trees (diameter 15–20 cm): \(\sum\)(Number of plants \(\times\) Total carbon emission 8.0) & \\ \cline{1-1}  & Trees (diameter 20–25 cm): \(\sum\)(Number of plants \(\times\) Total carbon emission 11.25) & \\ \cline{1-1}  & Shrubs, grasses, bagged seedlings (1–3 inches): \(\sum\)(Number of plants \(\times\) Total carbon emission 0.01) & [1; 39; 43; 44] \\ \cline{1-1}  & Shrubs, grasses, bagged seedlings (4–7 inches): \(\sum\)(Number of plants \(\times\) Total carbon emission 0.02) & \\ \cline{1-1}  & Lawn (m\({}^{2}\)): \(\sum\)(Area \(\times\) Total carbon emission 0.11) & \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{Carbon Sequestration of Planting (CFa)} & \multirow{4}{*}{CFa (general parks and green spaces) = 30.0 \(\times\) Nt \(\times\) LC} & \multirow{4}{*}{[43; 44]} \\  & CFa: total carbon sequestration of tree greening (kgCO\({}_{2}\)e) & \\ \cline{1-1}  & Nt: number of trees (plants) & \\ \cline{1-1}  & LC: landscape engineering life cycle standard (yr) & \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{Efficiency of Carbon Neutrality (kgCO\({}_{2}\)e)} & \multirow{2}{*}{\(\text{CN}=\frac{\text{Total Carbon Sequestration–Total Carbon Emissions}}{\text{Total Carbon Emissions}}\times 100\%\)} & [43; 44] \\ \cline{1-1}  & & Total Carbon Emissions & \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 1: The primary formula for calculating carbon neutrality. formula (NIR-Red)/(NIR + Red), representing the difference in reflectance between the NIR and red bands [51].