# Analysing Social Media Discourse on Electric Vehicles with Machine Learning
## 4 Results
These results suggest that there is a need to increase incentives to reduce costs, improve battery and charging technologies, and strengthen infrastructure to support the growth of the sector. Topic modelling is a text mining method used to identify latent themes in large-scale text data. Models such as Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) group texts around specific topics by analysing word distributions [61]. The reason for identifying three topics in the study is to show that tweets about EVs are divided into different themes in terms of content. The number of topics was determined by considering the consistency of the models, topic decomposition, and the structure of the dataset, and this choice allows for meaningful categorisation of the texts. Figure 2 shows the topic modelling generated from English tweets. This topic addresses how EVs are perceived by consumers and the factors that influence their purchasing decisions. Users' interest in specific brands, cost considerations, and desire to own are among the most prominent factors. The advantages offered by EVs, long-term savings opportunities, and environmental contributions are among the reasons for their preference. Topic 2: The Role of Brands and Companies in the Electric Vehicle Market  
This topic focuses on the position of large companies operating in the automotive sector in the electric vehicle market. Consumers discuss the innovation processes and the models offered by companies in the sector. The development of EVs, brand image, and investments in technology also play an important role in this context. Topic 3: Current Developments in the Electric Vehicle Market and Sales Strategies  
This topic includes assessments of recent innovations in the sector, marketing strategies, and sales performance. New model introductions, pricing policies, and incentives are important factors shaping consumer perceptions of EVs. Moreover, the expansion of the sector and the increase in competition cause consumers to follow the market more closely. Figure 3 shows the topic modelling generated from Turkish tweets. Figure 2: LDA terms (English tweets) (**a**) Topic 1 (**b**) Topic 2 (**c**) Topic 3. This topic focuses on the production and sales of EVs and the position of brands in the sector. In particular, the production processes and market dynamics of companies operating in the automotive sector come to the fore. Turkey's investments in electric vehicle production and the impact of certain automobile brands on the market have an important place in this context. In addition, growth trends and competition in the sector are among the key topics of interest to consumers. Topic 2: General Perception of EVs and Charging Infrastructure  
This topic includes discussions on the widespread use of EVs and infrastructure. Consumers evaluate the role of these vehicles in daily life and the adequacy of charging stations. While the advantages and ease of use of EVs are emphasized, issues such as charging times and the accessibility of charging stations are also raised. Topic 3: Electric Vehicle Purchasing Trends and Preferences  
This topic focuses on consumers' motivations and decision-making processes for purchasing EVs. While evaluating the advantages of these vehicles, users make comparisons of the models and features they prefer. Price, performance, and daily use requirements are among the determining factors in a consumer's choice of vehicle. These identified topics provide deeper insights into the key issues that shape consumer sentiment toward EVs. For example, the prominence of themes like charging infrastructure and company-related perceptions suggests that users are not only concerned with technical specifications but also with broader institutional factors. In Turkish tweets, discussions around domestic production and infrastructure needs reflect national concerns about industrial capacity and accessibility. In English tweets, the focus on market trends and brand competition points to a more globalised consumer perspective.