## 3 Results
### Beginning of the Experiment
Measurements at the beginning of the experiment before plant seeding are denoted as “Begin.” Measurements at the beginning of the experiment before plant seeding are denoted as “Begin.” Measurements at the end of the experiment are marked “End.” The data are provided for individual plant species (End Radish and End Lettuce) and lab incubated soil (End Lab Inc) if statistical differences existed among these groups for each soil treatment or, alternately, presented across all samples if there were no differences between groups (“All”). Lowercase letters indicate statistically significant differences by treatment. If there were no differences between treatments, “ns” is indicated. Statistical tests were performed using a two-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) or Kruskal-Wallis if data could not be normalized. Tukey HSD or Dunn’s test were used to determine treatment significance of \(p\leq 0.05\) at minimum. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Soil Physicochemical Properties** & **BIOC** & **COMP** & **INF** & **UNAM** & **F-Stat** & \(p\)**-Value** \\ \hline pH (1:2 soil: water) & & & & & & \\ Begin & 8.4 (0.10) a & 7.8 (0.00) b & 7.7 (0.10) b & 7.9 (0.00) b & 26.38 & \(\leq\)0.001 \\ End (All) & 8.2 (0.05) a & 7.7 (0.04) b & 7.6 (0.04) b & 7.7 (0.03) b & 37.23 & \(\leq\)0.001 \\ EC (uS cm\({}^{-1}\)) & & & & & & \\ Begin & 689 (23) bc & 1209 (84) a & 956 (49) ab & 537 (20) c & 22.67 & \(\leq\)0.001 \\ End Radish & 464 (14) b & 615 (32) a & 434 (12) b & 472 (27) b & 8.86 & \(\leq\)0.001 \\ End Lettuce & 929 (93) ab & 1057 (110) a & 908 (65) ab & 597 (32) b & 3.97 & \(\leq\)0.05 \\ IC (mg kg\({}^{-1}\)) & & & & & & \\ End (All) & 17,457 (714) & 15,971 (701) & 16,774 (813) & 17,007 (559) & 0.79 & ns \\ TOC (mg kg\({}^{-1}\)) & & & & & & \\ End (All) & 78,043 (1778) a & 35,465 (1422) b & 30,887 (1252) b & 33,977 (1247) b & 32.08 & \(\leq\)0.001 \\ TN (mg kg\({}^{-1}\)) & & & & & & \\ End Lab Inc & 2330 (40) b & 2820 (45) a & 1927 (53) c & 1947 (33) c & 62.15 & \(\leq\)0.001 \\ End Radish & 2221 (29) ab & 2279 (67) a & 2064 (37) b & 2134 (32) ab & 4.12 & \(\leq\)0.05 \\ End Lettuce & 2220 (35) b & 2528 (53) a & 2130 (64) b & 2022 (23) c & 21.2 & \(\leq\)0.001 \\ Soil C:N Ratio & & & & & & \\ End (All) & 42.30 (0.79) a & 21.11 (0.36) b & 23.41 (0.32) b & 25.04 (0.31) b & 40.80 & \(\leq\)0.001 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 4: Soil Lable carbon (C) and N (N) concentrations: dissolved organic C (DOC), dissolved organic nitrogen (N), potentially mineralizable N (PMN), and inorganic N (nitrate and ammonium; INN) in soils amended with biochar (BIOC), compost (COMP), inorganic fertilizer (INF), and from unamended control (UNAM). Values represent mean averages with standard errors in parentheses. Measurements at the beginning of the experiment before plant seeding are denoted as “Begin.” Measurements at the end of the experiment are labeled as “End.” The data are provided for individual plant species (End Radish, End Lettuce) or lab-incubated (End Lab-Inc) samples if statistical differences existed between the groups or, alternately, across all samples if there were no differences (“All”). Lowercase letters in a row indicate statistically significant differences by treatment within each group. No differences between treatments are marked as “ns.” Asterisks indicate a significant difference between Begin and End concentrations over time. Concentrations below the instrument’s detection limit are marked as “cd.l.” Statistical tests were performed using a two-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) or Kruskal-Wallis if data could not be normalized. Tukey HSD or Dunn’s test were used to determine treatment significance at \(p\leq 0.05\) at minimum.