## 6 Conclusions  
This paper studied the effectiveness of primitive RS Codes against single-frequency EMD. It was shown that there is a special relation among RS Codes' symbol size, bit-rate frequency, and disturbance frequency. Due to this relation, EMD tends to induce voltages at the harmonics and several other ratios of the bit-rate frequency in such a way that turns any code words into one-symbol-value code words. These code words are valid in accordance with the initial generated dictionary, and they are responsible for most undetected corrupted incidents. It is found that, in the worse-case scenarios, the rate of undetected corrupted incidents could increase to values above 80%. Based upon these findings, a multi-layer communication structure, as suggested in [21], on the basis of symbol inversion was proposed to arm the communication network against this specific type of disturbance. This study demonstrated that the proposed multi-layer structure alleviates the concern about the generated ratios from the aforesaid setup parameters. At the new proposed layer, the inversion mechanism breaks the repetitiveness in each code word by generating a new dictionary in which one-symbol-value code words are no longer valid. Accordingly, they can easily be detected prior transmission to the RS Codes' decoder. The performance of this mechanism was assessed with the aid of our in-house simulation framework. It is found that the proposed inversion-based layer is capable of reducing the ratio of undetected corrupted data considerably. Simulations showed that, at the frequencies of concern, the new proposed approach could decrease the ratio of undetected corrupted data to values close to 0. Furthermore, it is shown that certain setups could even provide more resiliency towards the single-frequency EMD. This is when the message length is limited to one symbol and the symbol size is greater than 3, by which a higher hamming distance is achievable. In this regard, this \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c} \hline \hline
**Corrupted Code Words** & **After Reverting Changes** & **Category** \\ \hline \([0,0,0,7,0,0]\) & \([0,0,0,0,0,0,0]\) & CFN \\ \([1,1,1,6,1,1,1]\) & \([1,1,1,1,1,1,1]\) & CFN \\ \([2,2,2,5,2,2,2]\) & \([2,2,2,2,2,2,2]\) & CTP \\ \([3,3,3,4,3,3,3]\) & \([3,3,3,3,3,3,3]\) & CFN \\ \([4,4,4,3,4,4,4]\) & \([4,4,4,4,4,4,4]\) & CFN \\ \([5,5,5,2,5,5,5]\) & \([5,5,5,5,5,5]\) & CFN \\ \([6,6,6,1,6,6]\) & \([6,6,6,6,6,6]\) & CFN \\ \([7,7,7,0,7,7,7]\) & \([7,7,7,7,7,7,7]\) & CFN \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 4: Possible code words that can turn into one-symbol-value code words at the consumer side. approach is suited as an extra layer of protection to limit the impact of single-frequency EMD on RS Codes in safety-critical or mission-critical applications. In the future studies, a more efficient approach with a lower overhead compared to the proposed approach will be investigated. In addition, in addition to alleviating the current limitation (i.e., dependency to look-up tables at the consumer side of the inversion-layer), more complex EM environments will be considered to examine the EM-resilience of RS Codes against undetected corrupted data. Conceptualization, J.B., D.P. and P.M.; methodology, P.M.; software, P.M.; validation, D.V. and T.C. ; formal analysis, J.V. and D.V. ; investigation, P.M.; resources, J.B.; data curation, P.M.; writing--original draft preparation, P.M.; writing--review and editing, all authors; visualization, P.M.; supervision, J.B., D.V. and D.P. ; project administration, D.P. and J.B.; funding acquisition, D.P. and J.B. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript. The research leading to these results has received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation programme under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie Grant Agreement No 812.790 (MSCA-ETN PETER). This publication reflects only the authors' view, exempting the European Union from any liability.