# Toward Comprehensive Chronic Kidney Disease Prediction Based on Ensemble Deep Learning Models
## 3 Methodology
### Dataset Description  
The benchmark Chronic Kidney Disease dataset utilized in this study was aggregated from the UCI machine learning repository [38]. Many authors used this dataset to make experimental observations [23; 25; 39]. It includes data for 400 cases distributed between 150 negative CKD and 250 positive CKD. The utilized dataset consists of 24 features divided into 13 categorical features and 11 numeric features, and one class label has two values: 1 and 0 for positive CKD and negative CKD, respectively. Table 1 details the categorical and numeric features.  
Figure 1: The phases of prediction CKD.  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{l l l l l l} \hline \hline
**\#** & **Column Name** & **Abb** & **D.T** & **Range** & **Description** \\ \hline
1 & Age & Age & N & (2 to 90) & Patient’s age in years \\ \hline
2 & Blood Pressure & PB & N & (50 to 180) & Patient’s blood pressure in mmHg \\ \hline
3 & Specific gravity & SG & C & (1.025, 10.20, 1.015, & The ratio between urine \\  & & & 1.010, 1.005) & density to water density \\ \hline
4 & Albumin & AL & C & (0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5) & Protein percentage in blood plasma \\ \hline
5 & Sugar & SU & C & (0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5) & The sugar level in blood plasma \\ \hline
6 & Red blood cells & RBC & C & (Abnormal, Normal) & Percentage of red blood \\  & & & &  cells in blood plasma \\ \hline
7 & pus cell & PC & C & (Abnormal, Normal) & White blood cells in urine \\ \hline
8 & Pus cell clumps & PCC & C & (Abnormal, Normal) & Sign of bacterial infection \\ \hline
9 & Bacteria & BA & C & (Present, Not Present) & Sign of bacterial existence in urine \\ \hline
10 & Blood glucose random & BGR & N & (22 to 490) & A random test of glucose \\  & & & &  in the blood in mg/dL \\ \hline
11 & Blood urea & BU & N & (1.5 to 391) & Percentage of urea nitrogen \\  & & & &  in blood plasma \\ \hline
12 & Serum creatine & SC & N & (0.4, 76) &
\begin{tabular}{l} Creatine level in patient \\ muscles in mg/dL \\ \end{tabular} \\ \hline
13 & Sodium & SOD & N & (4.5 to 163) & Sodium mineral level in blood \\ \hline
14 & Potassium & POT & N & (2.5 to 47) & Potassium mineral level in blood \\ \hline
15 & Hemoglobin & HEMO & N & (3.1 to 17.8) &
\begin{tabular}{l} Red protein that responsible \\ of transport oxygen in the blood \\ \end{tabular} \\ \hline
16 & Packed cell volume & PCV & N & (9 to 43) &
\begin{tabular}{l} The volume of blood \\ cells in a blood sample \\ \end{tabular} \\ \hline
17 & White blood cell count & WC & N & (2200 to 4800) & Count of white blood cells in cells/cumm \\ \hline
18 & Red blood cell count & RC & N & (2.1 to 8) & Count of red blood cells in millions/cumm \\ \hline
19 & Hypertension & HTN & C & (Yes, No) &
\begin{tabular}{l} The condition where there is \\ continuously high pressure \\ in the blood vessels \\ \end{tabular} \\ \hline
20 & Diabetes mellitus & DM & C & (Yes, No) &
\begin{tabular}{l} Impairment in the body’s production \\ or response to insulin, a condition of glucose \\ metabolism that makes it difficult to \\ maintain healthy levels of sugar \\ \end{tabular} \\ \hline
21 & Coronary artery diseases & CAD & C & (Yes, No) &
\begin{tabular}{l} A common heart condition where \\ the main blood channels feeding \\ the heart, have trouble supplying \\ enough nutrients, oxygen, \\ and blood to the heart muscle \\ \end{tabular} \\ \hline
22 & Appetite & APPET & C & (Good, Poor) & The desire to eat food \\ \hline
23 & Pedal edema & PE & C & (Yes, No) &
\begin{tabular}{l} Swelling of the patient’s body \\ due to an injury or inflammation \\ \end{tabular} \\ \hline
24 & Anemia & ANE & C & (Yes, No) &
\begin{tabular}{l} Insufficient healthy red blood cells \\ to transport appropriate oxygen \\ to the body’s tissues \\ \end{tabular} \\ \hline
25 & Class & Class & C & (CKD, Not CKD) &
\begin{tabular}{l} A positive or negative result in \\ terms of having chronic kidney diseases \\ \end{tabular} \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}
Table 1: Dataset description details.