## 4 Discussion
### Integration with Legacy Traceability Systems  
Integrating the proposed blockchain-based traceability framework with existing classical traceability platforms and technologies offers a promising approach to enhance the overall efficiency and reliability of supply chain management. Classical traceability systems often rely on centralised databases and traditional record-keeping methods, which can be prone to errors, fraud, and lack of transparency. By incorporating blockchain technology, organisations can leverage the strengths of both systems, creating a hybrid model that enhances data integrity and accessibility. Indeed, this proposal is conceived as backend-agnostic by balancing on-chain and off-chain data and not imposing any specific backend technology.  
One of the primary ways to facilitate this integration is through the use of Application Programming Interfaces (APIs) that connect blockchain networks with existing traceability platforms [69]. These APIs can facilitate the seamless exchange of data between the blockchain and traditional systems, allowing organisations to maintain their current infrastructure while benefiting from the added security and transparency that blockchain provides. In fact, this proposal assumes that critical traceability data, such as batch origins and processing histories, can be recorded on the blockchain, while operational data can continue to reside in classical systems. This dual approach ensures that organisations can enhance their traceability capabilities without undergoing a complete overhaul of their existing technologies.  
Moreover, integrating blockchain with classical traceability systems can improve data-verification processes [70]. Traditional systems often rely on manual checks and audits, which can be time-consuming and error-prone. By utilising the blockchain's immutable ledger, organisations can automate verification processes, ensuring that all recorded data are accurate and tamper-proof. This not only streamlines operations but also enhances compliance with regulatory requirements, as auditors can easily access verified records stored on the blockchain.  
Training and education will also play a crucial role in this integration. Employees accustomed to classical traceability methods will need to understand how to interact with blockchain technology effectively. Organisations can facilitate this transition by providing training programs that highlight blockchain's benefits, such as improved data security and real-time access to traceability information. By fostering a culture of innovation and adaptability, organisations can ensure that their workforce is equipped to leverage the full potential of the integrated system.  
Finally, the integration of blockchain with classical traceability platforms can pave the way for enhanced collaboration among supply chain partners. By providing a shared, transparent view of traceability data, blockchain can facilitate trust and cooperation among different stakeholders, from suppliers to retailers. This collaborative approach can lead to improved supply chain resilience, as all parties can quickly access and verify information, enabling faster responses to issues such as recalls or quality concerns.