# Modeling and Analysis of Noise Emission Using Data from Flight Simulators
## 1 Introduction  
Commercial civil aviation is currently characterized as a vigorously growing branch of the global economy. ICAO estimates that the Revenue per Passenger Kilometers (RPK) is going to continue to grow by 4.3% per annum, which will result in its being doubled by the year 2040. Should this trend be sustained, commercial aviation will create over fifteen million new workplaces and contribute almost $1.5 million to the global GDP [1]. It is worth noting that these predictions do not account for the growth of the tourism sector. One can distinguish numerous side effects of the dynamic growth driven by the popular demand for air travel. One of these effects is the reaching of capacity limits by major airports and transportation hubs. This leads to an increased number of operations at airports, which are typically located in suburban areas inhabited by thousands or tens of thousands of people. Unlike heavily urbanized city centers, or the neighborhoods of large industrial plants, these areas are usually only exposed to noise from taking-off and landing aircraft. During these phases of flight, the jet engine's core exhaust noise is the factor that highly contributes to the overall noise levels [2]; however, the fan noise is dominant during landing [3]. Jet engine's fan noise is also a major contributor to airplane noise during take-off [3]. Some cities consider redirecting part of the traffic from the main airports to smaller aerodromes that are not faced with the problem of managing such a heavy loadof air traffic. One of the challenges of such maneuvers is to ensure that the residents of previously calm neighborhoods will not experience a sudden increase in overall noise exposure, for example by properly preparing the airport vicinity with appropriate acoustic isolation [4]. The maximum noise levels perceived in these areas is only a small part of the effective management of the aircraft-generated acoustic footprint. This is because the sound timbre and frequency spectrum of aircraft makes their noise more annoying to people than other noises at the same sound intensity level. This has been confirmed by numerous organizations and is supported by various studies [5; 6; 7], which indicate that frequency spectrum-oriented research is gaining significance. An increasing number of operations of UAVs may be a motive for further research in this field. Their electrically powered rotors produce high-pitched noise that can cause greater annoyance to residents, especially in combination with maneuvers in close proximity to populated areas [8; 9; 10]. Prolonged exposure to the noise that causes some form of irritation may lead to a number of health-related risks. A document published by the World Health Organization, titled \"Guidelines for Community Noise\", points out that among the negative effects that noise can have on human health and quality of life, we can distinguish progressive hearing impairment, insomnia, and a range of psychological effects [11]. Many further studies back this up, providing additional insights and tools to help officials and airport managers in developing solutions for quieter airport neighborhoods [12; 13]. The emission of noise, however, is not the only type of pollution that poses a threat to communities. Many of the harmful substances derived from the combustion of aviation fuel are considered to be significant sources of pollution, especially in areas directly adjacent to airports [14]. The physical compounds, which are the subject of concern in this study, include carbon dioxide (\(CO_{2}\)), nitrogen oxides, sulfur oxides, and particulate matter (PM), which contribute to the formation of smog, for example. They have a documented negative impact on human health and the overall condition of the environment [15]. At present, it seems that minimizing the impact of aviation on the natural environment remains one of the most significant issues in the industry.