# Status of BIPV and BAPV System for Less Energy-Hungry Building in India--A Review
## 4 Potential of BIPV/BAPV in India
Moser Baer has installed a 1.8 kWp BIPV exterior facade of Jubilee shopping complex in Hyderabad (17.38\({}^{\circ}\) N, 78.48\({}^{\circ}\) E) to meet power requirements in shopping complexes. The government buildings in India are also encouraged to use solar energy in an aesthetic approach by using BIPV/BAPV technology. The government is also focused on increasing the roof top systems and streamlining policy implementation processes. In 2015, Novus green installed a 1 MW BAPV system (4000 PV system each had 250 Wp) at the rooftop of IIT Delhi. Energy Efficiency Services (EESL) had planned to invest INR 800 crore for rooftop solar in Maharashtra across 5000 state-owned buildings to install 200 MW grid-connected systems. EESL estimates that about 100 million units would be saved per year by replacing energy-inefficient ceiling fans (6 lakh), LED bulbs (11 lakh) and air-conditioners (7000) along with streetlights (14,000) and retrofitting 3000 buildings. Another barrier in India for poor BIPV/BAPV - standalone system is the unorganized Indian electricity market. The PV power generation sector includes three different customers. The first customer state distribution companies (DISCOMs) who have renewable purchase obligations (RPO) to buy PV power and meet 10.5% PV electricity generated, second is the rooftop PV consumers (RPVCs) and third is large buyers of power who are also known as open access consumers (OACs) [156]. Under open access (OA), consumers are capable of buying electricity from producers who generate electricity independently. Indian rail started exploring PV power from OA. Developers feel that RPO is not same for all state as State Electricity Regulatory Commissions (SERCs) has different benchmark for each state. PV power electricity price varies from INR 7.5 to INR18.5/kWh. In 2010, Central Electricity Regularity Commission (CERC) has implemented the PV/BIPV feed-in tariff of INR 17.9/kWh [157]. In India, the coal power electricity price is about INR 5.5/kW h, while the PV power price is about INR6.5/kW h. Hence, project developers are compelled to offer discounts [158]. Thus, DISCOMs are failing to comply with RPO requirements, due to their poor financial health and lower solar tariff support. Hence, they prefer to wait for buying low price PV electricity. DISCOMs also argued that BIPV/BAPV based standalone systems increase their financial burden as RPV customers prefer to buy grid electricity over BIPV/BAPV power due to intermittency. Intermittent PV power generation is also an issue for the promotion of OA [159]. To rectify this issue, energy banking can be created where DISCOM will facilitate OA transactions through electricity banking, between an independent power producer and OAC. DISCOM can generate less power whenever an independent power producer generates a higher amount of power than the OAC's demand, in order to use surplus PV power and generate when PV generation is reduced and shortfalls arise [159,160]. The presence of multiple electricity regulatory boards like MNRE (Ministry of New and Renewable Energy), CERC (Central Electricity Regulatory Commission), SERC (Ministry of Power and State Electricity Regulatory Commission) also make the legal process a cumbersome task [161]. By the end of Sep 2019, India's cumulative installed solar capacity stood at 33.8 GW, of which 88% are PV plants and 12% rooftop installations. Ambiguity in incentive implementation, non-availability of storage systems incentives, lack of consumer awareness and research studies are the reason behind this sluggish movement for rooftop PV application in India [162]. Dust accumulation, which reduces PV power generation, should also be taken care of as air quality in India can pose a negative impact [163,164,165].