## 2 Experimental Program
### Material Properties and Mix Proportions
** & **ID** & **ID** & **OPC** & **FA** & **SG** & **QRD** & **Sand** & **CA** & **OPC** & **FA** & **SG** & **QRD** & **NaOH** & **NaSiO** & **SP** & **Water** \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{1} & \multirow{4}{*}{CC} & CC-OF-OE & 100\% & - & - & - & 640 & 1201 & 370 & - & - & - & - & 53 & 107 & 4 & 170 \\  & & CC-OF-USE & 100\% & - & - & - & 643 & 1206 & 370 & - & - & - & 53 & 107 & 4 & 170 \\  & & CC-OF-USE & 100\% & - & - & - & 640 & 1201 & 370 & - & - & - & 53 & 107 & 4 & 170 \\  & & CC-OF-USE & 100\% & - & - & - & 640 & 1206 & 370 & - & - & - & 53 & 107 & 4 & 170 \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{2} & \multirow{4}{*}{GC} & CC-OF-OE & - & 50\% & 50\% & - & 643 & 1206 & - & 200 & 200 & - & 53 & 107 & 8 & - \\  & & CC-OF-USE & - & 50\% & 50\% & - & 643 & 1206 & - & 200 & 200 & - & 53 & 107 & 8 & - \\  & & CC-OF-USE & - & 50\% & 50\% & - & 646 & 1206 & - & 200 & 200 & - & 53 & 107 & 8 & - \\  & & CC-OF-USE & - & 50\% & 50\% & - & 646 & 1212 & - & 200 & 200 & - & 53 & 107 & 8 & - \\  & & CC-OF-USE & - & 50\% & 50\% & - & 643 & 1206 & - & 200 & 200 & - & 53 & 107 & 8 & - \\  & & CC-OF-USE & - & 50\% & 50\% & - & 643 & 1206 & - & 200 & 200 & - & 53 & 107 & 12 & - \\  & & CC-OF-USE & - & 50\% & 50\% & - & 643 & 1206 & - & 200 & 200 & - & 53 & 107 & 12 & - \\  & & CC-OF-USE & - & 50\% & 50\% & - & 643 & 1206 & - & 200 & 200 & - & 53 & 107 & 12 & - \\  & & CC-OF-USE & - & 50\% & 50\% & - & 647 & 1214 & - & 200 & 200 & - & 53 & 107 & 12 & - \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{3} & \multirow{4}{*}{GCD} & CC-OF-OE & - & 50\% & 30\% & 20\% & 644 & 1205 & - & 200 & 120 & 80 & 53 & 107 & 10 & - \\  & & CC-OF-USE & - & 50\% & 30\% & 20\% & 646 & 1212 & - & 200 & 120 & 80 & 53 & 107 & 10 & - \\  & & CC-OF-USE & - & 50\% & 30\% & 2 \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Group No** &
\begin{tabular}{c} **Group** \\ **ID** \\ \end{tabular} & **Column ID** & **Fiber Fraction** & **Longitudinal Reinforcement** & **Transverse Reinforcement** & **Eccentricity (mm)** \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{1} & & CC-OF-0E & – & 6N12 & D66100-mm & 0 \\ \cline{2-6}  & CC-OF-15E & – & 6N12 & D66100-mm & 15 \\ \cline{2-6}  & CC-OF-35E & – & 6N12 & D66100-mm & 35 \\ \cline{2-6}  & CC-OF-50E & – & 6N12 & D66100-mm & 50 \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{2} & & CC-OF-0E & – & 6N12 & D66100-mm & 0 \\ \cline{2-6}  & CC-OF-15E & – & 6N12 & D66100-mm & 15 \\ \cline{2-6}  & CC-OF-35E & – & 6N12 & D66100-mm & 35 \\ \cline{2-6}  & CC-OF-50E & – & 6N12 & D66100-mm & 50 \\ \cline{2-6}  & CC-OF-57E-0E & 0.75\% & 6N12 & D66100-mm & 0 \\ \cline{2-6}  & CC-OF-57E-15E & 0.75\% & 6N12 & D66100-mm & 15 \\ \cline{2-6}  & CC-OF-785E & 0.75\% & 6N12 & D66100-mm & 35 \\ \cline{2-6}  & CC-OF-785-0E & 0.75\% & 6N12 & D66100-mm & 50 \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{3} & & CC-OF-0E & – & 6N12 & D66100-mm & 0 \\ \cline{2-6}  & CC-OF-15E & – & 6N12 & D66100-mm & 15 \\ \cline{2-6}  & CC-OF-35E & – & 6N12 & D66100-mm & 35 \\ \cline{2-6}  & CC-OF-50E & – & 6N12 & D66100-mm & 50 \\ \cline{2-6}  & CC-OF-50E & 0.75\% & 6N12 & D66100-mm & 0 \\ \cline{2-6}  & CC-OF-57E-15E & 0.75\% & 6N12 & D66100-mm & 15 \\ \cline{2-6}  & CC-OF-35E & 0.75\% & 6N12 & D66100-mm & 35 \\ \cline{2-6}  & CC-OF-57E-35E & 0.75\% & 6N12 & D66100-mm & 35 \\ \cline{2-6}  & CC-OF-58E & 0.75\% & 6N12 & D66100-mm & 50 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 2: The details of column specimen groups, reinforcements, and the loading eccentricities. The coarse aggregates (CA) with a maximum size of 20 mm were taken from the Margallah quarry in Pakistan. They were prepared to surface dry condition, conforming to ASTM C127-15 [44]. The natural river sand from Lawrencepur (Pakistan) was used as fine aggregates in surface dry condition (SSD), conforming to ASTM C128-15 [45]. The properties of CA and sand are shown in Table 5. Since GPC mix is more cohesive and viscous due to the high viscosity of SS and SH solutions [46], a naphthalene-based superplasticizer (SP) was used to increase the workability of the fresh mix.