# Ontological Representation of Smart City Data: From Devices to Cities
## 4 Ontology Design Patterns Proposal for Smart City Ontologies
### Administrative Area ODP  
This pattern has been detected in the _gci_, _km4c_, and _smart-city_ ontologies. Each of these ontologies defines its own taxonomy in order to represent a city, municipality, district, etc. With the aim of defining the Administrative Area ODP, some requirements were extracted from the Territory Vocabulary ([[http://vocab.linkeddata.es/datosabiertos/def/sector-publico/territorio](http://vocab.linkeddata.es/datosabiertos/def/sector-publico/territorio)]([http://vocab.linkeddata.es/datosabiertos/def/sector-publico/territorio](http://vocab.linkeddata.es/datosabiertos/def/sector-publico/territorio))) included in the AENOR norm UNE 178301:2015 (The norm UNE 178301:2015, entitled \"Smart Cities. Open Data\", aims to provide a set of indicators to measure the maturity level of open data projects for smart cities; and it also provides a set of common vocabularies in order to ease the development and deployment of these open data projects. The norm is available at [[https://www.aenor.com/normas-y-libros/buscador-de-normas/une?c=N0054318](https://www.aenor.com/normas-y-libros/buscador-de-normas/une?c=N0054318)]([https://www.aenor.com/normas-y-libros/buscador-de-normas/une?c=N0054318](https://www.aenor.com/normas-y-libros/buscador-de-normas/une?c=N0054318))). In addition, the GeoSPARQL standard was taken into account in order to represent the topology that an administrative area can have. Finally, various types of administrative units within the Member States of the European Union published by the Metadata Registry ([[http://publications.europa.eu/mdr/authority/atu-type/index.html](http://publications.europa.eu/mdr/authority/atu-type/index.html)]([http://publications.europa.eu/mdr/authority/atu-type/index.html](http://publications.europa.eu/mdr/authority/atu-type/index.html))) were also considered. Taking these requirements into account, the pattern shown in Table 7 is proposed for the _Administrative Area_ domain.  
A similar pattern for an administrative area is available in ISO/IEC 30182:2017 ([[https://www.iso.org/standard/53302.html](https://www.iso.org/standard/53302.html)]([https://www.iso.org/standard/53302.html](https://www.iso.org/standard/53302.html))), where there is a _Place_ concept that represents a geographic or virtual part of space.  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{|c|c|} \hline
**Name** & Topology \\ \hline \multicolumn{2}{|c|}{**Description**} \\ \hline This pattern provides a model to represent anything that can have a spatial representation. \\ \hline \multicolumn{2}{|c|}{**Requirements**} \\ \hline
**TOPO-1:** & Spatial things are defined by a geometry. \\
**TOPO-2:** & A spatial thing can contain other spatial things. \\
**TOPO-3:** & A spatial thing can be located at a given point. \\ \hline \multicolumn{2}{|c|}{**Graphical representation**} \\ \hline \multicolumn{2}{|c|}{A city council usually provides a training service. The city council can have a registry with the geometry of all train stations. These train stations provide a parking service, which can contain parking slots defined by geometries. These slots could be supervised by some sensors located at a given point. The passengers could use a mobile application with the aim to obtain real-time information about what slot is available, and in this way, they could calculate the estimated time that they will spend between parking their car and boarding the train. \\ \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}
Table 6: Topology Ontology Design Pattern (ODP).