## 2 Literature Review
### Identification of PFSC Enablers
#### 2.1.1 Perishable Supply Chain Related to RFID and IoT Technologies (Digitalization)  
[PERSON] et al. (2021) [10] implemented RFID technology for the PFSC to capture the real-time demand signal; this helps to identify the most essential elements that affect the bullwhy effect. In addition to RFID tags with various types of sensors, a ubiquitous cold-chain-logistics-based intelligent-risk-management framework has been suggested by [PERSON] et al. (2016) [2]. It is challenging to maintain different temperatures for different types of perishable goods in the same container. [PERSON] et al. (2011) [11] tested a container loaded with frozen food at two different frequencies with the refrigeration unit running at \(-25\) degrees Celsius and concluded that the 433 MHz RFID technology appeared to be acceptable for monitoring the temperature of frozen bread inside a sea container. The recent industrial revolution emphasizes the deployment of the latest technologies in various domains for efficient and effective planning and control. PFSC and the Cold Supply Chain (CSC) have provided the greatest opportunities to adopt the recent technology, i.e., IoT, for their benefits. [PERSON] et al. (2017) [12] evaluated the changes in net present value (NPV) from the expected shelf-life changes, which are enabled by IoT infrastructures such as devices that track temperature, humidity, and gas concentrations. [PERSON] et al. (2019) [13] provided a scientific basis for organizations engaged in the CC operation of fresh agricultural products to invest in IoT. Blockchain technology is one of the revolutionary technologies that evolved from Industry 4.0. This technology brings transparency and security to disciplines where it has been adopted. The supply chain  
Figure 1: Vosviewer keyword co-occurrence analysis (Bibliographic map). has the greatest potential to use its resources. However, one of the works conducted by [PERSON] et al. (2020) [14] gave an outline of how IoT and smart contract technologies are enhancing blockchain's possibilities. In addition, they demonstrated how transparency could be achieved with blockchain technology with a proof of concept for a CC scenario using Microsoft Azure Blockchain Workbench. [PERSON] et al. (2021) [15] highlighted the need for qualitative performance measuring metrics for Digital Supply Chain (DSC) and identified the metrics of internal and financial perspectives, which have attracted the most attention. In contrast, growth and learning perspectives received the least attention. Through mixed review methodologies, [PERSON] et al. (2021) [16] presented state-of-the-art research on DSC and procurement technologies in the built environment, revealing knowledge areas that are needed to promote digitalization in the building SC. 1.2 Perishable Supply Chain Related to Shelf Life, Cold Storage, Inventory Control, and Decision Making (Inventory)  
In PFSC, opportunity cost, shelf life restriction, and product transportation units are used to determine value degradation. [PERSON] et al. (2018) [17] suggested a CC location-allocation configuration modeling approach for shippers and customers that includes value deterioration and coordination using big data approximation. The proposed model is addressed as a mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) problem and solved using a CPLEX solver. Moreover, [PERSON] et al. (2018) [9] offered a model for reducing the cost of consolidation and the loss of product value due to a shorter shelf-life of fresh agricultural products to develop criteria for categorizing their storage needs. [PERSON] (2018) [18] in the Vehicle Routing Problem (VRP) with time periods considered the properties of many perishable items, continued quality decrease, and optimal temperature settings during the transportation and used a genetic algorithm (GA) to solve the VRP with time windows. However, the benchmarking framework developed by [PERSON] et al.