## 4 Conclusions  
Energy, environment, and sustainability are intertwined concepts. Humankind's use of the world's resources as if they were unlimited while ensuring its own prosperity causes permanent environmental damage to the world. The limitation of resources and the permanent damage caused to the environment by their unconscientious use has been a topic of discussion for years. Problems such as increasing energy resource requirements, climate change issues, and the use of natural resources and their transfer to future generations have led academics, companies, and countries to seek new solutions. In this sense, the use of renewable energy sources is one of these solutions. Energy is one of the important indicators for a sustainable country. In order to ensure sustainable development in a country, it is necessary to have abundant energy resources that are cost-effective and do not cause negative consequences. As in all countries of the world, Turkey's energy needs are increasing with its growing population and industrialization. Energy consumption in Turkey is expected to increase by more than 100% in 2030 compared to today. Therefore, Turkey's adaptation to renewable energy sources is of great importance within the framework of sustainable development. According to the data of the Ministry of Energy and Natural Resources, Turkey's electrical energy consumption increased by 1.2% compared to the previous year and reached 335.2 TWh in 2023, while electricity production increased by 0.8% compared to the previous year and reached 331.1 TWh. In 2023, 36.2% of Turkey's electricity production was obtained from coal, 21% from natural gas, 19.3% from hydraulic energy, 10.3% from wind, 6.7% from solar energy, 3.4% from geothermal energy, and 3.2% from other sources. As of the end of September 2024, Turkey's installed capacity reached 114,215 MW. The distribution of installed capacity by resources as of the end of September 2024 is as follows: 28.2% is hydraulic energy, 21.6% is natural gas, 19.2% is coal, 10.8% is wind, 16.4% is solar, 1.5% is geothermal, and 2.4% comes from other resources. On 14 July 2021, following the 'Fit for 55' package, published by the European Commission, green transformation and net-zero issues started to be discussed intensively in Turkey. According to the SHURA Energy Transition Center's report, \"2053 Net Zero: A Roadmap for Turkey's Electricity Sector\" report by the SHURA Energy Transition Center, the share of renewable energy in total installed capacity increased to 55% by the end of 2023. According to this indicator, Turkey ranks 5 th in Europe and 12 th in the world. Both the figures published in the report and the findings of this study suggest that the Turkish electricity system is already in the process of a successful transition to low-carbon technologies. The analysis of the economic, social, and environmental criteria considered in the study period 2018-2022 shows that Turkey's performance in terms of renewable energy policies is similar to many developed countries of the world. The \"2053 Net Zero: A Roadmap for Turkey's Electricity Sector\" report focuses on the role of the electricity sector in Turkey's transition to a fully decarbonized energy system. While emphasizing the need to decarbonize electricity generation in Turkey, a roadmap was created. According to the \"Net Zero 2053\" scenario in the report, Turkey's energy demand is expected to rise until 2030 due to increased economic activity, and then begin to decline in the following period, despite economic growth and increased social welfare, due to the impact of electrification and energy efficiency. By 2053, according to this report, it will be close to 2020 levels (approximately 1200 TWh). In 2025, Turkey's total carbon emissions are projected to peak at 417 million tons. In 2035, it is estimated that the electricity generation of coal-fired power plants will not remain in the system, reducing total carbon emissions by 37.2% compared to 2025 emission levels.