## 1 Introduction  
Underwater wireless optical communication (UWOC) technology has attracted much attention because of its high transmission data rate, low link delay, high communication security, and low implementation costs [1, 2, 3]. In recent years, experimental UWOC systems have achieved data rates of Gbps and distances of tens of meters based on laser sources and advanced modulation formats [4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10]. However, several challenges remain regarding UWOC. The optical signal suffers from severe attenuation and multipath fading caused by absorption and scattering effects even though the transmission wavelength has been selected within the blue and green spectrum window [11]. Moreover, the optical signal is less tolerant to water turbulence than the traditional radio-frequency signal [12], which limits the communication performance in real seawater environments.  
Several models have been developed to analyze the optical characteristics of the UWOC channel. The Beer-Lambert law is the most widely used theoretical basis by which to model the absorption and scattering effects as exponential attenuation [1]. To take into account the extra influence of scattered light on the total received light, the radiative transfer equation (RTE) is employed to generate the beam spread function [13]. However, it is difficult to determine an exact analytical solution for the RTE; only approximate solutions can be derived, and temporal distribution information is lost in this process. In contrast to analytical solutions for the RTE, numerical solutions have been proved to provide a more complete description of a light beam along the channel [14]. The optical path loss due to absorption and scattering effects in different water types has been calculated by a numerical RTE solution [15]. The Henyey-Greenstein scattering phase function has been applied in the RTE to analyze the spatial spreading and temporal broadening characteristics of the light beam with the change of seawater attenuation coefficients [16].  
The above models can only analyze absorption and scattering effects in the steady water link. Besides, the turbulence-induced-scintillation of the optical signal is a common issue during underwater light transmission. Turbulence, which is caused by random variations in pressure, temperature, and salinity, is characterized as refractive index fluctuations and can severely distort the propagating light and considerably degrade the bit error rate (BER) performance of a UWOC system. However, the impact of the underwater turbulence has been ignored in many previous studies [1]. In recent years, the Kolmogorov spectrum model has been applied to analyze the underwater optical turbulence via Monte Carlo phase screens [17], a model similar to that used in free-space optical communications.  
Since absorption, scattering, and turbulence coexist in seawater, a comprehensive model that includes all these effects should be established to describe the underwater optical transmission. Recently, [PERSON] [18] developed Monte Carlo phase screens from the wave method to ray method through the generalized Snell's law, so that the RTE can be merged into the phase screen model. In this case, RTE is generated to describe absorption and scattering and phase screens are generated to describe turbulence. In this paper, we propose a novel comprehensive multiparameter model for the UWOC system to simulate the effects of absorption, scattering, and dynamic turbulence, simultaneously. We utilize both the subharmonic method and the strict sampling constraint method to enhance the modeling accuracy. Based on the model, the spatial and temporal effects of absorption, scattering, and turbulence on the transmission light are compared, and the BER performance of the UWOC system is analyzed.