## 3 Key Findings
### What Security Enhancement Could the Quantum Mechanism Offer the IIoT Ecosystem?
#### 3.3.1 Concept of Quantum Mechanism  
Quantum mechanism is a recent emerging approach aimed at rebranding the state of advancement in the security concept. The high demand for fast computations, guaranteed reliability and security, and energy efficiency by IoT devices in particular has created a need for quantum computing [89]. Based on its quantum principles, it supports the seamless processing of multidimensional voluminous data [90]. Additionally, its properties \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{p{113.8 pt} p{113.8 pt} p{113.8 pt} p{113.8 pt} p{113.8 pt}} \hline \hline
**IIoT-Based Datasets** & **Year** & **Number of Features** & **Testbed Layers** & **Types of Attacks** \\ \hline WUSTL-IIoT-2018 & 2018 & 25 & 4 layers & Port scanners, address scan attacks, device identification attacks, and exploit attacks \\ \hline WUSTL-IIoT-2021 & 2019 & 41 & 4 layers & SYN, HTTP \\ \hline X-IIoTID & 2021 & 59 & 3 layers & Modbus, WebSocket, CoAP, MQTT, TCP, ARP, HTTP, SSH, DNS, ICMP, SMTP, and UDP \\ \hline Edge-IIoTset & 2022 & 61 & 7 layers & MITM, backdoor, DDoS, password guessing, ransomware, XSS, port scanning, SQL injection, OS fingerprinting \\ \hline Water Storage Tank dataset & 2014 & 24 & 2 layers & Malicious Response Injection, Malicious State Command Injection, Malicious Parameter Command Injection \\ \hline Gas pipeline & 2015 & 27 & 2 layers & Malicious Function Code Injection, DoS, and reconnaissance \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 4: IIoT-centric datasets in the literature. of photons--the tiniest individual particles on Earth's surface--assure overwhelming capability of processing speed. As a result, the research community has recently discovered that the classical cryptographic structures-based security is less effective against quantum computing (QC) attacks [64], for the fact that its mathematically strengthened property has been challenged by the [PERSON]'s algorithm of quantum since 1994 [91]. For instance, a 30-qubit quantum computer has the equivalent computing capability of 10 teraflops per second-computing by a traditional silicon-based computer [92]. Therefore, IoT-enabled communication requires quantum-based security to resist both the present sophisticated attacks and futuristic quantum attacks [64]. Accordingly, the research community in this niche has equally developed quantum-based cryptographically secured architectures for IoT-related communication, quantum-resistant remedies against various attacks both within the capability of classical cryptography and beyond, quantum authentication methods, as well as challenges in the implementation of quantum deployment. Thus, the sustainability of IIoTsec has necessitated the dependence on quantum principles for its pervasive security strength, scalability, immediacy, and miniaturized, less power-consuming devices, which are essential for heterogeneous resource-constrained networks. In recognition of these features, [PERSON] et al. [93] described quantum devices, compared to classical computers, as the new revolution of IIoT as a result of its vast computational properties and efficacy. These novel research opportunities have been well amplified by the research community in the niche of optimization with applications in operational planning [94], molecular design [95], process scheduling and operations [33], logistics optimization [96], and energy systems [95]. In addition, [PERSON] et al. [90] identified multi-user detection, indoor localization, routing and load balancing optimization, and channel estimation as the traditional requirements of security need in industrial settings, which are easily obtainable through the qubits of quantum mechanisms. The result achieved through the proof-of-concept of quantum mechanisms, compared to conventional computing-based approaches, facilitated huge funding by both the nationally based research institutes and private investors. An example includes quantum technologies funding from the United Kingdom [97], the United States [98; 99], and China.