## 4 Discussion
### Comparisons of LC\({}_{50}\) Values with Those of Other Species of Molluscs
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Molluscs** & **Species** & \begin{tabular}{c} **Water Hardness** \\ **(mg L\({}^{-1}\))** \\ \end{tabular} & \begin{tabular}{c} **Live** \\ **Stage** \\ \end{tabular} & \
\begin{tabular}{c} **Test** \\ **Duration** \\ \end{tabular} &
\begin{tabular}{c} **LC\({}_{50}\)** \\ **(mg/L)** \\ \end{tabular} & **References** \\ \hline Bivalves & _Donax faba_ & 29.9 ppt & Adult & 96-h EC\({}_{50}\) & 0.99 & Din and Ong [81] \\ _Anadara ggnusoa_ & 29.5 ppt & Adult & 96-h EC\({}_{50}\) & 0.94 & Din and Ong [81] \\ _Perna viridis_ & NA & NA & 24-h EC\({}_{50}\) & 1.53 & [PERSON] et al. [45] \\ _Modidus philipipinarum_ & NA & NA & 96-h EC\({}_{50}\) & 0.02 & [PERSON] et al. [82] \\ \hline Gastropods & _Lymnaea luteola_ & 195 & Adult & 48-h EC\({}_{50}\) & 2.10 & [PERSON] and [PERSON] [28] \\ _Anmicola_ sp. & 50 & Adult & 96-h EC\({}_{50}\) & 8.40 & [PERSON] et al. [83] \\ _Bionpphalaria glabrata_ & 100 & NA & 96-h EC\({}_{50}\) & 0.30 & [PERSON] and [PERSON] [84] \\ _Viviparus bengalensis_ & 180 & NA & 96-h EC\({}_{50}\) & 1.20 & [PERSON] et al. (1981a) [69] \\ _Viviparus bengalensis_ & NA & NA & NA & 2.54 & [PERSON] and [PERSON] [70] \\ _Aplexa lymorum_ & 45 & Adult & 96-h EC\({}_{50}\) & 0.09 & [PERSON] et al. [85] \\ _Physa fontinalis_ & NA & NA & 96-h EC\({}_{50}\) & 0.08 & [PERSON] et al. [86] \\ _Radix plactulus_ & NA & NA & 96-h EC\({}_{50}\) & 2.50 & [PERSON] [62] \\ _Lymnaea luteola_ & 195 & Adult & 72-h EC\({}_{50}\) & 1.60 & [PERSON] and [PERSON] [28] \\ _Lymnaea luteola_ & 195 & Adult & 96-h EC\({}_{50}\) & 1.52 & [PERSON] and [PERSON] [28] \\ _Physa acuta_ & NA & NA & 48-h EC\({}_{50}\) & 1.05 & [PERSON] and [PERSON] [48] \\ _Potamopygus_ & NA & NA & 96-h EC\({}_{50}\) & 0.72 & [PERSON] and Golding [87] \\ _antipodarum_ & & & & & \\ _Pomacea_ sp. & NA & NA & 24-h EC\({}_{50}\) & 2.25 & [PERSON] et al. [88] \\ _Pomacea_ sp. & NA & NA & 48-h EC\({}_{50}\) & 2.07 & [PERSON] et al. [88] \\ _Pomacea_ sp. & NA & NA & 72-h EC\({}_{50}\) & 0.68 & [PERSON] et al. [88] \\ _Pomacea_ sp. & NA & NA & 96-h EC\({}_{50}\) & 0.47 & [PERSON] et al. [88] \\ _Filopaludina martensi_ & NA & NA & 24-h EC\({}_{50}\) & 27.8 & Piyatiratititivorakul and Boonchamoi [54] \\ _Filopaludina martensi_ & NA & NA & 48-h EC\({}_{50}\) & 5.01 & Piyatriatriitivorakul and Piyatrititivorakul and \\ _martensi_ & & & & & \\ _Filopaludina martensi_ & NA & NA & 72-h EC\({}_{50}\) & 3.96 & Boonchamoi [54] \\ _Filopaludina martensi_ & NA & NA & 96-h EC\({}_{50}\) & 2.33 & [PERSON] [54] \\ _Melanoides tuberculata_ & 18.7 & Adult & 96-h EC\({}_{50}\) & 1.49 & [PERSON] et al. [9] \\ _Certifhedia cingulata_ & NA & NA & 96-h EC\({}_{50}\) & 9.19 & [PERSON] et al. [82] \\ _Bionphalaria alexandrina_ & NA & NA & 96-h EC\({}_{50}\) & 0.22 & [PERSON] et al. [43] \\ _Pomacea canaliculata_ & NA & NA & 48-h EC\({}_{50}\) & 4.26 & [PERSON] et al. [89] \\ _Pomacea canaliculata_ & NA & NA & 72-h EC\({}_{50}\) & 2.24 & [PERSON] et al. [89] \\ _Pomaca canaliculata_ & NA & NA & 96-h EC\({}_{50}\) & 1.98 & [PERSON] et al. [89] \\ _Pomaca insularum_ & 65 & Juvenile & 48-h EC\({}_{50}\) & 3.67 & This study \\ (small) & & & & & \\ _Pomacea insularum_ & 65 & Juvenile & 72-h EC\({}_{50}\) & 2.15 & This study \\ (small) & & & & & \\ _Pomacea insularum_ & & & & \\ (large) & & & & & \\ _Pomacea insularum_ & & & & \\ (large) & & & & & \\ (large) & & & & & \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular} Note: NA = data not available.  
\end{table} 
Table 2: Comparison of LC\({}_{50}\) values (mg/L) of Cd in _Pomacea insularum_ with other mollusks reported in the literature. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Molluscs** & **Species** & \begin{tabular}{c} **Water Hardness** \\ **(mg/L)** \\ \end{tabular}  & \begin{tabular}{c} **Live** \\ **Stage** \\ \end{tabular}  & \begin{tabular}{c} **Test** \\ **Duration** \\ \end{tabular}  & \begin{tabular}{c} **LC50** \\ **(mg/L)** \\ \end{tabular}  & **References** \\ \hline Bivalves &