## 2 Triterpenoids
### 8,9-ene-triterpenoids
#### 2.2.2 C29 Triterpenoids  
_Ganoderma tropicum_ has been widely used as a local remedy for coronary heart disease treatment, liver protection, and as a sleep aid [284]. The chemical investigation of its fruiting bodies led to a mortriterpenoid named 26-nor-11,23-diox-5\(\alpha\)-lanost-8-en-3\(\beta\),7\(\beta\),15\(\pi\),25-tetrol (**357**) [284]. The inhibitory activity against acetylcholinesteraseolaseterase (AChE) for compound **357** was tested. The results showed that **357** had low percentage inhibition (<10%) at the concentration of 100 uM, indicating no significant inhibitory activity against AChE [284]. Ganohainanic acid E (**358**) with 29-norlanostane skeleton was identified from _G. hainaneuse_ for the first time. The evaluation of cytotoxicity showed that compound **358** had  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c} \hline \hline
**No.** & **Trivial Names** & **Bioactivities (IC\({}_{\text{sp}}\)/MIC or ED\({}_{\text{sp}}\))** & **Sources** & **References** \\ \hline
**349.** & Ganodeweberiol B & Significant \(\alpha\)-glucosidase inhibitory activity & G. _ucherarium_ & [77] \\ \hline
**350.** & Ganodeweberiol C &
\begin{tabular}{c} Inhibits glucagon-inducedhepatic \\ glucose production, inhibits \\ hepatic glucose output through \\ suppression hepatic cAMP \\ accumulation, cytotoxicity against \\ HeLa cell line \\ (IG\({}_{\text{co}}=17.9\) uM) \\ \end{tabular} & G. _ucherarium_ & [77] \\ \hline
**351.** & Ganodeweberiol D & - & G. _ucherarium_ & [77] \\ \hline
**352.** & Ganodeweberiol E & - & G. _ucherarium_ & [77] \\ \hline
**353.** & Ganodeweberiol F &
\begin{tabular}{c} Inhibits glucagon-inducedhepatic \\ glucose production, inhibits \\ hepatic glucose output through \\ suppression hepatic cAMP \\ accumulation \\ \end{tabular} & G. _ucherarium_ & [77] \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}
Table 2: _Cont._  
Figure 11: Chemical structures of several triterpenoid saponins (354–356).  
no inhibitory effect against HL-60, SMMC-7721, A-549, MCF-7, and SW480 cell lines [62]. Huang et al. [53] searched for active anticancer components in the fruiting bodies of _G. calidophilum_ and isolated a previously undescribed lanostanoid species named as ganodecalone B (**359**). Phytochemical investigation of lanostane triterpenoids from _G. luteomarginatum_ isolated two types of previously undescribed C29 structures named as (5\(\alpha\), 23E)-27-nor-lanosta-8,23-dien-3,7,25-trione (**360**) and (5\(\alpha\),23E)-27-nor-\(\beta\)-hydroxylanosta-8,23-dien-7,25-dione (**361**) with an unusual 27-nor-lanostane carbon skeleton [285]. (5\(\alpha\),23E)-27-Nor-3\(\beta\)-hydroxylanosta-8,23-dien-7,25-dione (**361**) exhibited significant cytotoxicity against HGC-27 cells (IC\({}_{50}\) < 10 \(\upmu\)M), but it's cytotoxicity against LO2 cells was relatively low [285]. According to Su et al. [67], the investigation of _Ganoderma_ triterpenoids with anti-inflammatory activities from _G. lucidum_ extracted ganolucliduone B (**362**) as an unusual lanostane mortar terpenoid with 29 carbons. Ganolucliduone B (**362**) exhibited moderate inhibitory activity on nitric oxide production, with an inhibition rate of 45.5% at a concentration of 12.5 \(\upmu\)M. Yang et al. [77] isolated a previously undescribed C29 compound ganodeweberiol H (363) from the fruiting bodies of _G. weberianum_, and which exhibited weak anti-inflammatory activity (IC\({}_{50}\) = 40.71 \(\upmu\)M) compared to the quercetin.  
Chemical structures of different C29 triterpenoids are shown in Figure 12.