###### Abstract  
Solar photovoltaic (PV) connection with the grid becomes more prevalent in distributed generation, and the DC grid contributes a significantly to the distributing system. The current study focuses on combining prototype solar with the DC microgrid. A high-gain DC-DC converter for photovoltaic systems (HGBC-PVS) is proposed in this article to link two lower-voltage photovoltaic panels to a higher-voltage network. The designed converter with low-rating switches generates improved values of voltage gain and efficiency. To gain the most power out of solar modules, Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) is used, which employs the Adaptive Incremental Conductance approach. It extracts the maximum power, thereby facilitating efficient converter operation and generating optimal outputs. The simulation outcomes in terms of voltage, inductor current, output efficiency, and voltage gain are computed, and the outcomes show the significance of the introduced topology. The efficacy of the introduced work is proved by the comparison of measured outputs with the computed outputs for various parameters.  
high-gain DC-DC converter; photovoltaic system; DC microgrid; adaptive incremental conductance; MPPT +
Footnote †: journal: Accepted: 30 June 2023  
Footnote †: journal: Accepted: 30 June 2  
the Battery Energy-Storing System (BESS). When using traditional boost conversions for high power density, the duty cycle must be high, resulting in significant ripple current and low system voltage on switching. Numerous different high-power-gain DC-DC topologies have been published for connecting the PV array. Non-isolated and isolated converters are two categories of high-amplitude converters that employ high-frequency transducers.  
DC conversions with a voltage source inverter isolation and terminal voltage step-up are also available. Flyback full-bridge converters and half-bridge, push-pull inverters are separated by unidirectional large step-up DC transformers [8]. In [9], a high-amplitude converter with a transformer-connected dual input layout was proposed. Here, an inductor is presented for connecting the battery to a high-voltage terminal in a solar power system. Switching capacitors and inductor-based DC-DC converters use the overlapping approach to obtain large conversion ratios and lower input current distortion. Numerous works exist in the literature related to the proposed topic, certain drawbacks, including complexity issues, the need for special concerns, practically non-feasible characteristics, numerous restrictions, and high losses. Moreover, the conditions of increased system voltage demand high-rated switches. Added to this, high efficiency is achieved only with multiple diode-capacitor steps. Considering these issues, a novel converter with bi-directional operational mode and optimized control is proposed in this paper.  
The main contributions of this research are given below.  
* A high-gain bi-directional DC-DC converter of the reduced count of components is designed in this article, thereby reducing system complexity.
* An optimization model is also presented to improve the simulation outcomes of the introduced system, providing feasible characteristics.
* The simulation outcomes are verified, and the outcomes show the higher performance of the proposed system by generating improved efficiency and voltage gain.  
The structure of the research is listed in Section 2 and illustrates the background of DC-DC converters, whereas the proposed converter for photovoltaic systems (HGBC-PVS) is designed and illustrated in Section 3. Section 4 discusses the software analysis and the system's effectiveness. Section 5 shows the conclusion with future scope.