# Characterization of Waves in the Roman Wall Paintings of the Herculaneum Site (Italy)
## 3 Results and Discussion
### Analyses of the Reference Wax Samples
#### 3.1.2 GC/MS
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c} \hline
**Peak** & **Identified Compound** & **Formula** & **Reference Waves** & **Samples** \\ \hline
1 & Decanol (capric alcohol) & C\({}_{10}\)H\({}_{22}\)O & L & \\
2 & Decanoic acid (caprylic acid) & C\({}_{10}\)H\({}_{20}\)O\({}_{2}\) & CN, S, L & _AC 17_, _AC 20_, _AC 25_ \\
3 & Dodecanol (lauryl alcohol) & C\({}_{12}\)H\({}_{26}\)O & S, L & \\
4 & Dodecanoic acid (lauric acid) & C\({}_{12}\)H\({}_{24}\)O\({}_{2}\) & B, L & _AC 17_, _AC 20_, _AC 25_ \\
5 & Tetradecanol (myristyl alcohol) & C\({}_{14}\)H\({}_{30}\)O & B, S, L & _AC 17_, _AC 20_, _AC 25_ \\
6 & Tetradecanoic acid (myristic acid) & C\({}_{14}\)H\({}_{28}\)O\({}_{2}\) & B, L & _AC 25_ \\
7 & Nondaceae & C\({}_{61}\)H\({}_{40}\) & B & _AC 17_, _AC 20_ \\
8 & Methyl hexadecanoate (methyl palmitate) & C\({}_{17}\)H\({}_{30}\)O\({}_{2}\) & B, S, FC & _AC 17_, _AC 20_, _AC 25_ \\
9 & Hexadecanol (cetyl alcohol, palmityl alcohol) & C\({}_{16}\)H\({}_{34}\)O & S, L, FC & \\ IS & Eicosane (internal standard) & C\({}_{20}\)H\({}_{42}\) & \\
10 & Hexadecanoic acid (palmitic acid) & C\({}_{16}\)H\({}_{34}\)O\({}_{2}\) & B, S, LCN, CB, FC & _AC 20_, _AC 25_ \\
11 & Heneicosane & C\({}_{21}\)H\({}_{44}\) & B, FC, MC, P & _AC 17_, _AC 25_ \\
12 & Methyl octadecanoate (methyl stearate) & C\({}_{19}\)H\({}_{38}\)O\({}_{2}\) & B, FC & _AC 17_, _AC 25_ \\
13 & Octadecanol (stearaly alcohol) & C\({}_{18}\)H\({}_{38}\)O & B, S, L, FC & _AC 17_ \\
14 & Docosane & C\({}_{22}\)H\({}_{46}\) & CN, FC, MC, P & _AC 17_, _AC 20_, _AC 25_ \\
15 & Octadecenoic acid (oleic acid) & C\({}_{18}\)H\({}_{30}\)O\({}_{2}\) & B, L & _AC 17_, _AC 20_, _AC 25_ \\
16 & Octadecanoic acid (stearic acid) & C\({}_{18}\)H\({}_{36}\)O\({}_{2}\) & B, L, CN, CB, FC & _AC 20_, _AC 25_ \\
17 & Tricosane & C\({}_{23}\)H\({}_{48}\) & B, FC, MC, P & _AC 20_, _AC 25_ \\
18 & Eicosanol (arachnoid alcohol) & C\({}_{20}\)H\({}_{42}\)O & B, L & _AC 20_, _AC 25_ \\
19 & Tetracosane & C\({}_{24}\)H\({}_{50}\) & FC, MC, P & _AC 17_, _AC 20_, _AC 25_ \\
20 & Eicosenoic acid & C\({}_{20}\)H\({}_{38}\)O\({}_{2}\) & B, L & _AC 17_ \\
21 & Eicosanoic acid (arachidic acid) & C\({}_{20}\)H\({}_{40}\)O\({}_{2}\) & B, CN, CB & _AC 17_ \\
22 & Pentracosane & C\({}_{25}\)H\({}_{52}\) & B, FC, MC, P & _AC 17_, _AC 20_, _AC 25_ \\
23 & Docosanol (behenyl alcohol) & C\({}_{22}\)H\({}_{46}\)O & B, L, CB, FC & _AC 17_, _AC 20_, _AC 25_ \\
24 & Hexacosane & C\({}_{26}\)H\({}_{54}\) & B, FC, MC, P & _AC 17_, _AC 20_, _AC 25_ \\
25 & Docosanoic acid (behenic acid) & C\({}_{22}\)H\({}_{44}\)O\({}_{2}\) & B, L, CN, CB & _AC 17_, _AC 25_ \\
26 & Heptacosane & C\({}_{27}\)H\({}_{56}\) & B, CB, FC, MC, P & _AC 17_, _AC 20_, _AC 25_ \\
27 & Tetracosanol (lignoceryl alcohol) & C\({}_{24}\)H\({}_{50}\)O & B, CN, CB & _AC 17_, _AC 20_, _AC 25_ \\
28 & Octacosane & C\({}_{28}\)H\({}_{58}\) & B, CN, FC, MC, P & _AC 17_, _AC 20_, _AC 25_ \\
29 & Tetracosanoic acid (lignoceric acid) & C\({}_{24}\)H\({}_{48}\)O\({}_{2}\) & B, CN, CB & _AC 17_, _AC 20_, _AC 25_ \\
30 & Nonacosene & C\({}_{29}\)H\({}_{58}\) & B, CB & _AC 17_, _AC 20_, _AC 25_ \\
31 & Nonacosane & C\({}_{29}\)H\({}_{60}\) & B, CN, CB, FC, MC, P & _AC 17_, _AC 20_, _AC 25_ \\
32 & Hexacosanol (ceryl alcohol) & C\({}_{26}\)H\({}_{54}\)O & B, CN, CB & _AC 17_, _AC 20_, _AC 25_ \\
33 & Triacentane & C\({}_{30}\)H\({}_{62}\) & CN, FC, MC, P & _AC 17_, _AC 20_, _AC 25_ \\
34 & Methyl hexacosanoate & C\({}_{27}\)H\({}_{54}\)O\({}_{2}\) & B & _AC 17_, _AC 20_, _AC 25_ \\
35 & Hexacosanoic acid (cerotic acid) & C\({}_{26}\)H\({}_{52}\)O\({}_{2}\) & B, L, CB & \\
36 & Eptacosanol & C\({}_{27}\)H\({}_{56}\)O & B, L & \\
37 & Hentriacontene & C\({}_{31}\)H\({}_{62}\) & B, CB, FC, MC & _AC 17_, _AC 20_, _AC 25_ \\
38 & Hentriacontane & C\({}_{31}\)H\({}_{64}\) & B, CN, CB, FC, MC, P & _AC 17_, _AC 20_, _AC 25_ \\
39 & Octacosanol (montanyl alcohol) & C\({}_{28}\)H\({}_{68}\)O & B, L, CN, CB & _AC 17_, _AC 20_, _AC 25_ \\
40 & Dotriacontane & C\({}_{32}\)H\({}_{66}\) & B, CN, FC, MC, P & _AC 17_, _AC 20_, _AC 25_ \\
41 & Methyl octacosanoate (cerotic acid methyl & C\({}_{29}\)H\({}_{58}\)O\({}_{2}\) & B & _AC 17_, _AC 20_, _AC 25_ \\
42 & Octacosanoic acid (montanic acid) & C\({}_{28}\)H\({}_{56}\)O\({}_{2}\) & B, L, CN, CB & \\
43 & Tririacontene & C\({}_{33}\)H\({}_{66}\) & B, CN, CB & _AC 17_, _AC 20_, _AC 25_ \\
44 & Triacontanol (myricyl alcohol) & C\({}_{36}\)H\({}_{68}\)O & B, L, CN, CB, FC & _AC 20_, _AC 25_ \\
45 & Hexadecyl hexadecanoate (cetyl palmitate) & C\({}_{37}\)H\({}_{64}\)O\({}_{2}\) & S, FC & _AC 20_, _AC 25_ \\
47 & Methyl dotriacontanoate & C\({}_{33}\)H\({}_{66}\)O\({}_{2}\) & CN & _AC 17_, _AC 20_, _AC 25_ \\
48 & Dotriacontanoic acid (lacercoic acid) & C\({}_{32}\)H\({}_{64}\)O\({}_{2}\) & B, L & \\
49 & Pentatriacontene & C\({}_{35}\)H\({}_{70}\) & CN, CB & \\
50 & Pentatriacontane & C\({}_{35}\)H\({}_{72}\) & CB, FC, MC & \\ \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}