# A Method for Evaluating the Spatial Layout of Fire Stations in Chemical Industrial Parks
## 1 Introduction
integrated ArcGIS analysis techniques with the distribution of urban fire risks to effectively reduce the response time of firefighting forces at high-risk locations [22]. [PERSON] et al. incorporated the variable of fire engine travel time into the fire station sitting process, while [PERSON] et al. developed a metaheuristic algorithm that addresses the ensemble coverage problem [23; 24]. The actual response time of a fire station is determined by the traffic conditions and the distance covered by fire engines during rescue operations [25]. Based on real-time traffic data crawling and processing algorithms developed by [PERSON] et al., an evaluation model for the spatial configuration of fire stations was also proposed [26]. In the field of urban fire planning, the layout of fire stations is usually determined via considering the distribution of fire risks and the coverage provided by these stations [27; 28; 29]. Some scholars have utilized GIS technology to evaluate and plan the layout of urban fire stations. [PERSON] integrated fire risk assessments with GIS technology, proposing a method for optimizing the layout of urban fire stations based on this approach [30]. The POI location data can be used to quantitatively identify the distribution of fire risk areas, which can help to address the issues related to inadequate targeting during the selection of fire station sites [7; 31; 32; 33]. Currently, POI data are primarily used in urban planning, design, and other related fields, and are gradually being applied to urban security. Several studies have been conducted on fire planning in chemical industrial parks. [PERSON] introduced the basic contents of fire safety planning for chemical industrial parks and proposed methods and procedures for fire safety planning based on fire risk analysis [34]. [PERSON] conducted a comparable study for a petrochemical industrial park [35]. [PERSON] and [PERSON] have proposed construction standards for fire stations, equipment requirements, and enhanced facilities for fire stations in chemical industrial parks. These proposals were based on a comprehensive review of typical safety incidents [36]. [PERSON] et al. introduced a method for emergency rescue and evacuation route planning in a chemical industrial park, which incorporates intelligent obstacle avoidance in order to mitigate potential road conflicts [1]. For risk control purposes, most risk assessments in chemical industrial parks focus on quantifying the major hazardous installations for hazardous chemicals or the domino effect [37; 38; 39; 40; 41]. However, there have been few studies focusing on the planning and evaluation of the spatial layout of fire stations in chemical industrial parks. In chemical industrial parks, different enterprises face varying levels of fire risk and may encounter various types of disasters and rescue requirements. Therefore, the layout planning of fire stations should be related to the specific fire risks associated with each enterprise area. Existing fire risk assessment models cannot characterize the risk differences among the PTBRs well, which could negatively impact fire rescue response activities. To address this issue, a performance-based evaluation method should be used for analysis and demonstration purposes. This article aims to introduce a new method for evaluating the spatial layout of fire stations in chemical industrial parks. The method considers the impact of varying fire risk levels and irregular road paths. It will establish a regional fire risk assessment technology to characterize the risk differences, and provide the required fire rescue times for different fire risk levels. The layout of the fire station in a chemical industrial park will be quantitatively evaluated based on the associated fire risks. This method has been applied to several practical engineering projects over the past two years.