## 3 Results
### Technology Planning  
The tooling industry provides an intriguing case study for exploring flexible models, as it faces two significant challenges in technology planning. Firstly, workpieces in this industry are unique, with specific geometries directly tied to the final product they are intended for. Secondly, the tool-making process is complex, both in achieving high-quality results and dealing with intricate geometries. Moreover, the involvement of complex process chains adds to the complexity. To ensure efficient production, industrial tooling often relies on a high degree of standardization for both products and processes [2]. A workshop-oriented approach, which lacks an application-oriented process flow, leads to diverse and inefficient production processes. Dealing with one-off production and the absence of learning effects pose particular challenges, requiring flexibility in tool production and associated departments [12]. Additionally, producing parts with strict tolerances, free-form surfaces, and high surface requirements necessitates using advanced manufacturing processes and high-quality machine tools. However, cost-effectiveness also demands efficient production methods. In light of these challenges, the planning process in the tooling industry needs greater flexibility during both the planning and implementation phases. One way to enhance planning flexibility is by generating technology bundles based on key metrics derived from workpiece characteristics and the capabilities of available technologies within a specific shop floor. A technology bundle comprises various manufacturing technologies requiredfor producing a workpiece. While selecting technologies within a bundle is company-specific, certain relationships and technology usages for specific parts can be considered universal and are described in available data sets. Technology bundling serves as the foundation for developing technology chains, as the bundles contain the necessary technologies but not their sequencing. The sequencing of technologies within a bundle leads to the formation of a technology chain. Technology bundling must incorporate workpiece requirements and manufacturing technology capabilities. The technologies within a bundle for a specific workpiece must fulfill all its requirements for successful manufacturing. To achieve this, it is crucial to identify the key workpiece characteristics or requirements that guide technology selection for creating a bundle. Existing criteria in this research field have primarily focused on standardized and recurring processes for serial production. As the number of applied technologies increases, production complexity also rises disproportionately. Hence, it is desirable to identify lean and standardized technology chains that minimize the use of diverse technologies for each workpiece. However, before implementing the identified technology bundles in production, the sequencing of bundled technologies must be determined to create a technology chain. A technology chain represents the sequential combination of manufacturing technologies that transform a workpiece from its initial condition to its final state with defined characteristics. Throughout the manufacturing process, the workpiece may undergo various temporary conditions facilitated by the technology chain. Retrospective analysis of technology sequences helps derive the sequence of manufacturing technologies within the technology bundles to generate technology chains. Applying the generative design of technology chains to technology planning presents numerous possibilities. By integrating these options into the basic task logic mentioned earlier, production can be made significantly more flexible. Unlike traditional approaches, it becomes conceivable to make changes to the planned technological process chain even during ongoing production. This newfound flexibility allows for the agile rescheduling of subsequent technological steps in response to disruptions or changes, complementing logistical and organizational measures.