# Behind the Door: Practical Parameterization of Propagation Parameters for IEEE 802.11 ad Use Cases
## 2 Measurement Setup  
Measurements were performed using an experimental development kit operating in the 60 GHz band. This kit incorporates Vubiq transmitter and receiver stations (model V60 WGD03) [12]. In our measurements, a continuous wave (CW) signal is transmitted in the first channel of the IEEE 802.11 ad standard (58.32 GHz), generated from an external input signal. The latter corresponds to an unmodulated tone at 70 MHz, injected from a Rohde & Schwarz signal generator (SMC100A).  
As illustrated in [13], a CW method is commonly used to measure transmission losses. It is based on transmitting a sine wave signal at a fixed frequency using a narrow frequency filter at the receiver. We used a high-power transmission setting and a low-noise amplifier in the receiver to obtain a very high sensitivity. Typical hardware solutions are relatively compact and simple, allowing extensive signal strength sampling in large areas quickly and conveniently. However, the main disadvantage of this approach is that the contribution of each of the multipath behaviors of the transmitted signal cannot be identified. The CW measurement illustrates what an actual commercial equipment receives. For example, the measurement can represent the power level received by a sub-carrier of an OFDM system, as defined in IEEE 802.11 ad networks. Therefore, our results are valid for analyzing the performance of wireless stations at indoor locations, and the observed changes in received power for each angle reproduce what commercial equipment would observe in a typical use case.  
Our measurement methodology is currently widely used to model the parameters of wireless channels [14; 15; 16]. However, the main advantage of our approach is that the actual received power can be observed with the configuration of a typical commercial product, for a range of frequency bands, using rotary directive antennas.  
At both link ends, we use directive horn-type 24 dBi antennas with a 12\({}^{\circ}\) half-power beamwidth (HPBW). The transmitter gain and the receiver gain (excluding antenna gains) are 26 dB and 49 dB, respectively. The effective isotropically radiated power (EIRP) is set at 35 dBm in all the cases under test, and the noise floor of the system is \(-54\) dBm. Since the IEEE 802.11 ad standard employs OFDM transceivers [8], our narrowband approach is useful to evaluate the performance of the system from the per-carrier perspective.  
To measure the angular distribution of power in the receiving unit, we used a microcontroller based on a rotary arm to define the angle sequence and synchronize the measurement period. This measurement scheme allowed separate power samples to be obtained every \(1.8^{\circ}\). We acquired 1000 power samples for each arm position, which were recorded with a USB power meter connected to the Vubiq board output and a personal computer. The power resolution of the USB meter is less than 1 dB, and its noise floor is \(-60\) dBm.  
To verify the stability of the equipment, we also performed a calibration measurement process in a stationary environment with a link length of 2 m. We observed negligible resulting temporal fluctuations, with variations below 1 dB in all cases. As expected, these shallow fades were well described by a Rician distribution with large calibration K-factors, greater than 30 dB. A summary of the technical parameters used for the measurement campaign is shown in Table 1.