## 3 Methodology
### Second Phase: Comparative Survey Method
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c} \hline \hline
**Ranking** & **Short Description** & **Determinant** & **Determinant Full Description** \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{1} & Driver Artefact & \multirow{4}{*}{A5} & On-board technology with warning \\  & System (DAS) & & & messages generated by the system could \\  & & System (DAS) & & influence car expenses decision-making \\  & & & & (showing potential failures and \\  & & & & maintenance reminders). \\  & & & & Point of sale distance that could actively \\
2 & Proximity & A2 & & influence drivers’ maintenance \\  & & & & expenditure decision-making. \\  & & & & Marketing, communications, and \\
3 & General Marketing & A4 & & promotions are elements that could \\
3 & General Marketing & A4 & & actively influence drivers’ maintenance \\  & & & & expenditure decision-making. \\  & & & & Marketing campaigns generated by \\
4 & OEM Marketing & A1 & & automotive brands and dealership \\  & & & & could influence maintenance \\  & & & & expenditure decision-making. \\  & & & & Promotions launched by OEMs and the \\
5 & Promotions & A3 & & automotive industry could influence \\  & & & & decision-making for vehicle \\  & & & maintenance and expenditures. \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 4: Final Delphi method ranking with the most popular determinants. until the number of drivers was like the one corresponding to the connected cars sample. As earlier mentioned, all the vehicles in both samples represent the average car age in Spain (12.7 years) ([[https://www.lavanguardia.com/motor/actualidad/20210125/6197134](https://www.lavanguardia.com/motor/actualidad/20210125/6197134)]([https://www.lavanguardia.com/motor/actualidad/20210125/6197134](https://www.lavanguardia.com/motor/actualidad/20210125/6197134)) /espana-parque-automovilistico-edad-media-coches-viejos-paises-europa.html, accessed on 18 January 2022). The survey questions were validated through a group of experts before launching the form. The data protection guidelines, the legal General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR), and anonymization policies were first agreed upon by participants before starting the questionnaire. It is important to emphasize that the authors of this paper did not have access to either the private information or the identity of drivers. The respondents were informed about the purpose of the questionnaire and about its scientific use. Finally, users were informed that their participation was voluntary, and some reminders were sent during the survey period to try to ensure an adequate participation rate. Additionally, it should be mentioned that the data were captured and analyzed with the ethical validation of the process defined by the Research Ethics Committee of the University of Deusto ([[https://www.deusto.es/cs/Satellite/deustoresearch/en/home/research-with-us/research-ethics-comittee/composition](https://www.deusto.es/cs/Satellite/deustoresearch/en/home/research-with-us/research-ethics-comittee/composition)]([https://www.deusto.es/cs/Satellite/deustoresearch/en/home/research-with-us/research-ethics-comittee/composition](https://www.deusto.es/cs/Satellite/deustoresearch/en/home/research-with-us/research-ethics-comittee/composition)), accessed on 18 December 2021). All the drivers in the connected-vehicle sample had at least 6 months of experience with the ICT-based system and, thus, had experience with a device installed in their vehicle that could keep track of their mobility. This point was very important as the purpose of the study was to measure the impact of the technology on the expenditures and savings of both sets of drivers and their behaviors regarding car maintenance and expense management. Two reminders were sent to those in the selected sample until the collection was considered final. The survey questions can be consulted after translation in Appendix A. These were prepared based on three criteria: (i) identify the car and its uses, (ii) the expenses around the car and the vehicle mobility, and (iii) the driver perception of vehicle expenses.