## 5 Results
Figure 12: Flux map of the face shields production and delivery in the decentralized organizational model. Figure 13: Flux map of the ear-savers production and delivery in the decentralized organizational model. As for the number of requests and units produced, Albacete (4753 face shields) and Ciudad Real (4639 face shields) were both the most demanding, around three times more than Cuenca (1320 face shields) or Toledo (1651 face shields). Toledo is the most populated province (see Table 7) but the levels of demand were much lower. These results suggest that the decentralized model favors the supply criteria of proximity as the top producing centers coincide with the top demanding areas. This also implies lower costs and quicker responses. The estimation of the health sector (Source: [[https://www.ine.es/covid/covid_salud.htm](https://www.ine.es/covid/covid_salud.htm)]([https://www.ine.es/covid/covid_salud.htm](https://www.ine.es/covid/covid_salud.htm))) in each province (Table 8) provides the ratio of healthcare professionals, which have received 3D printed PPEs within this project. From these data, some conclusions may be extracted. On the one hand, the overall number of face shields delivered to the healthcare system may have been enough to protect the entire population of health professionals (physicians, nurses) in a region with 25.62 people/km\({}^{2}\). The distribution was not homogeneous and, in some cases, the number of face shields exceeded the overall number of health professionals, whilst in some others the percentage of medical staff with access to the 3D printed PPEs was rather low. Several factors may explain this trend, such as the different production capacity of the fabrication units and, in the case of Toledo, the proximity to Madrid and its metropolitan area may have an important impact, as the fabrication capacities (industrial or solidarity initiatives) nearby the capital city are much stronger. It should be pointed out that there are some other workers in the system that require protection, such as cleaning staff, cooks, and janitors, that can be considered as non-medical staff. The requests received did not discern between medical and non-medical staff and that would explain why the number of requests could be higher than the population of medical staff. Nevertheless, considering that the breakdown of the beneficiaries of the initiative (Table 9) indicate that 60% of the PPEs produced went to the healthcare system, one may assume that this initiative could have largely supplied PPEs for all medical and non-medical staff in the region if focused exclusively to this sector. This is clear evidence of the impact of this project for Castilla-La Mancha. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c} \hline \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**Province**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**Population**} & **Total Face** & **Total Face** & **Total Ear** & **Total Ear** \\  & & **Shields** & **Shields Request** & **Savers** & **Savers Request** \\  & & **Request** & **Ratio (\%)** & **Request** & **Ratio (\%)** \\ \hline Albacete & 388,167 (21.9\%) & 4753 & 38.4 & 3051 & 28.2 \\ Ciudad Real & 495,761 (27.9\%) & 4639 & 37.5 & 4577 & 42.3 \\ Cuenca & 196,329 (11.1\%) & 1320 & 10.7 & 1508 & 13.9 \\ Toledo & 694,844 (39.1\%) & 1651 & 13.4 & 1681 & 15.5 \\ Sum & 1,775,101 (100\%) & 12,363 & 100 & 10,817 & 100 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 7: Province population and PPE total delivered of each production province. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c} \hline \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**Province**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**Doctors**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**Nurses**} & **Health Sector** & **Face Shields** & **Ear-Savers** \\  & & & **Population** & **Ratio (\%)** & **Ratio (\%)** \\ \hline Albacete & 1472 & 2239 & 3711 & 145.3 & 82.2 \\ Ciudad Real & 1871 & 2846 & 4717 & 95.4 & 97 \\ Cuenca & 754 & 1147 & 1901 & 64.2 & 79.3 \\ Toledo & 2614 & 976 & 3590 & 34.8 & 46.8 \\ Sum & 6711 & 7208 & 13,919 & & \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 8: Health sector and PPE 3D printed ratios.