## 1 Introduction  
China's loess is primarily distributed in the provinces of Shaanxi, Gansu, Ningxia, Qinghai, Shanxi, and Henan. In recent years, there has been a northward shift in the warm and humid line, leading to increased rainfall in the northwest and an extended flood season. Loess is highly susceptible to water and is prone to disintegrate, collapse, and liquefy when exposed to water. The frequency of loess landslide disasters is on the rise, posing a significant threat to the safety of people's lives and property [1; 2]. Improving the strength of loess slopes and preventing loess landslides from causing disasters to humans holds significant practical engineering significance. The consolidation methods for loess can be categorized into two main types: physical reinforcement methods, such as dynamic compaction, replacement, and structural support [3; 4]; and chemical reinforcement methods, such as injection of cement, water glass, and other materials [5; 6]. However, these methods still have certain limitations. Physical methods such as dynamic compaction can disrupt the soil and potentially compromise the stability of nearby structures [7], while many chemical methods are not environmentally friendly [8; 9]. As a result, there is a need to explore green curing technology, which holds promising potential. In light of the worsening national climate, it is crucial to prioritize the use of green, low-carbon, low-energy, and cost-effective engineering materials to address the hazards posed by loess slopes and align with the national green development concept. However, there are still challenges when it comes to managing waste tailings. Steel slag, a bulk solid waste, has a relatively low utilization rate in iron and steel enterprises, with a comprehensive utilization rate of only about 20% in our country. This falls significantly short of the utilization rate exceeding 90% seen in many developed countries. Reports indicate that the accumulated amount of unused steel slag in our country is as high as 1 billion tons [10; 11]. Steel slag is a by-product of the steelmaking process, possessing properties such as wear resistance, anti-skid capabilities, and high alkalinity. Due to these qualities, it can be considered a potential option for high-quality aggregates. Consequently, road construction has emerged as a primary application for steel slag. Notably, European countries utilize steel slag in road construction at rates ranging from 39% to 62%, highlighting its significant adoption. In contrast, China lags behind with a mere 8% utilization, indicating a substantial disparity with developed nations [12]. In 1978, French scientist [PERSON] introduced geopolymer, a new environmentally friendly gelling material. This material utilizes fly ash and slag as raw materials and has found extensive applications in road repair and other industries [13; 14; 15]. [PERSON] et al. conducted a comparison of the dynamic mechanical properties and eco-economic benefits of ordinary Portland cement (OPC), limestone calcined clay cement (LC\({}^{3}\)), and alkali-activated slag (AAS). The study revealed that LC\({}^{3}\), when used in fiber-reinforced mortars (FRMs), exhibited remarkable resistance to dynamic loads and displayed higher potential as green building materials compared to OPC and AAS. Additionally, AAS consumed 2.4% less energy and emitted 20.2% less CO\({}_{2}\) during the production of alkali-activated slag concrete (AASC) in comparison to ordinary cement of the same strength grade. These findings indicate that AAS is not only more environmentally friendly but also more economical than OPC of the same strength grade. Furthermore, the inclusion of recycled rubber powder in alkali-activated slag mortar (AASM) was found to reduce the usage of natural aggregate and mitigate environmental pollution [16; 17; 18]. Previous research has demonstrated that steel slag possesses hydraulic properties and can form a gel-like substance when activated, serving as a mosaic and filling material.