## 2 Experimental Apparatus and Procedure  
### The Organic Inductive Cycle (OIC)  
Figure 1 shows a schematic of the Organic Inductive Cycle (OIC) power generation system proposed by [PERSON] et al. [11]. The energy is input through the bottom of the cycle using external waste heat. The ferrofluidic cites inside the closed loop because of convection due to the temperature difference. A condenser is placed at the top, and the flow changes from two-phase flow to single-phase flow. The two-phase flow phenomenon presents differently depending on the height from the energy input area. The generator is placed between the energy input area and the condenser where the two-phase flow appears. The principle of power generation is explained by [PERSON]'s law of electromagnetic induction. The induced current is proportional to the magnitude of the magnetic field change, as represented in Equations (1) and (2) ([PERSON]'s law): \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Author** & **Technique** & **Phase** & **Seed Particle** & \begin{tabular}{c} **Magnetic Flux** \\ **Density** \\ \end{tabular} & **Year** & **Method** \\ \hline [PERSON] et al. [21] & 2D PIV & Single & CO2 & 1.5 T & 2004 & Experiment \\  & & & Methyl methacrylate- & & \\ [PERSON] et al. [22] & 2D PIV & Single & ethylene glycol & 2 T & 2007 & Experiment \\  & & & dimethacrylate copolymer & & & \\ [PERSON] et al. [27] & 2D PIV & Single & FeCl2 & FeCl2 & 4H2O & Up to 470 mT & 2007 & Experiment \\ [PERSON] et al. [24] & 2D PIV & Single & Methane/air & 0.35 T & 2008 & Experiment \\ [PERSON] et al. [28] & 2D PIV & Single & Li2 BeF4 & 2 T & 2008 & Experiment \\ [PERSON] et al. [29] & \begin{tabular}{c} Two-phase \\ mixture \\ \end{tabular} & Liquid-solid & Sea water, Fe3O4 & 6E5 A/m & 2012 & Numerical \\  & & & & & Electrode \\ [PERSON] et al. [30] & \begin{tabular}{c} LDV-PS *, \\ 2D-PIV \\ \end{tabular} & Single & NaOH & \begin{tabular}{c} Electrode \\ (500 mA) \\ \end{tabular} & 2013 & Experiment \\ [PERSON] et al. [6] & \begin{tabular}{c} Bright-field \\ microscope \\ \end{tabular} & Single & EMG 408, Tween 20 & 1.32 T & 2013 & Experiment \\ [PERSON] et al. [1] & 2D μPV ** & Single & Fe3O4 & 0.15 T & 2015 & Experiment \\ [PERSON] et al. [23] & 2D μPV & Single & Fluorescent 200 nm & 15 mT & 2016 & Experiment, \\ [PERSON] et al. [25] & 2D PIV & Single & Arc gas & 0.1 T & 2017 & Experiment \\ [PERSON] et al. [13] & CFD *** & Single & Ferromagnetic fluid & 0.2 T & 2018 & Numerical \\  & & & & & \\ [PERSON] et al. [31] & \
\begin{tabular}{c} Two-phase \\ mixture \\ \end{tabular} & Liquid-solid & Fe2 Mn5 Zn0S04 magnetic & 1.2E6 A/m & 2018 & Numerical \\  & & & & nanoparticles & & \\ [PERSON] et al. [32] &
\begin{tabular}{c} Two-phase \\ mixture \\ \end{tabular} & Liquid-solid & Mn-Zn ferrite ferrofluid & Up to 0.1 Am & 2018 & Numerical \\ [PERSON] et al. [33] & 2D PIV & Liquid-gas & Hollow glass spheres 10 \(\mu\)m & Up to 0.72 T & 2018 & Experiment \\ [PERSON] et al. [25] & 2D PIV & Single & Arc gas & 0.1 T & 2019 & Experiment \\ [PERSON] et al. [26] & 2D μPV & Single & Fluorescent 200 nm & Electromagnetic & 2019 & Experiment \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}  
* Laser Doppler Velocity Profile Sensor ** Micro Particle Image Velocimetry *** Computational Fluid Dynamics.  
\end{table} 
Table 1: A summary of previous studies on the effects of external magnetic field. \[\int_{c}E\cdot dl\ =\ -\frac{d}{dt}\int_{s}B\cdot ds\ =\ -N\frac{d\Phi}{dt}, \tag{1}\]  
\[\Phi\ =\ BA\cos\theta. \tag{2}\]  
In these equations, \(E\) is the electric field, \(B\) is the magnetic field, \(N\) is the number of turns of the coil, \(\Phi\) is the magnetic flux, \(t\) is the time, \(A\) is the area, and \(\theta\) is the angle between the magnetic flux and the magnet. According to this equation, a large number of coils and the higher the amount of change in the magnetic flux, the smaller the time change and the more power that is generated.