# Building Information Modelling Facility Management (BIM-FM)
## 5 Justifying BIM-FM Integration  
[PERSON] and [PERSON] [44] suggest that BIM implementation requires significant investment, so there is a need for clients to understand its worth. Furthermore, [PERSON] et al. [45] studied BIM for AM implementation in three companies and found that the BIM implementation was good where there were influential figures and asset owners within the company that encouraged its use. To this end, this section will provide a brief overview on the justification of BIM-FM according to the literature. [PERSON] et al. [46] investigated the business case for the use of BIM-FM and identified the following six areas where BIM can provide value:  
* Management value--benefits to the organisation regarding data and task management;
* Commercial value--functionalities allowing cost saving and cost avoidance;
* Technology value--functionalities not typical elsewhere including increased connectivity and data visualisation capacity;
* User value--benefits to the end user regarding how to access data and undertake tasks;
* Industry value--increased collaboration and productivity as well as the potential application of new business models;
* Efficiency value--better asset optimisation and utilisation. The values suggested by [PERSON] et al. [46] are echoed by other works by [PERSON] et al., [PERSON] et al. and [PERSON] et al. [5, 10, 47], also suggesting that there is management value to BIM-FM as a fully enriched BIM model would provide a structured single source of asset information. Likewise, [PERSON] and [PERSON] [48] undertook a three-year study of BIM adoption by public construction clients. They identified \"long-term benefits from knowledge and information retained in the organization and across the supply chain\" [48]. Whilst their work referred to construction clients, the benefits remain, as one known issue with the management of pre-existing assets is that knowledge is rarely retained in an accessible format [39]. [PERSON] et al. [14] similarly cited technology value associated with visualised information analysis and reporting, and [PERSON] and [PERSON] and [PERSON] et al. [49, 50] suggested there is a commercial value due to potential cost savings. [PERSON] et al. [50], who created a BIM and Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) FM system, claim that whilst their approach had high upfront costs, in the long run it would reduce maintenance costs by 50%. An assumed limitation of BIM for existing buildings is that geometric survey techniques, such as laser scanning, typically only provide surface data, meaning the identification of elements beyond the surface is not possible without the use of additional technologies [23]. However, the work described by [PERSON] and [PERSON] [44] provides justification for BIM-FM in this regard. Within both the case studies described in their work, they used a BIM environment to compare the existing condition of a building with historical drawings and consequently were able to identify areas with potential concealed elements. In both cases, hidden elements such as a horse trough and decorative plaster crests were revealed in subsequent work in those areas. It can thus be concluded that BIM can improve the identification of hidden elements in a non-destructive manner. Whilst the assumed values of BIM-FM are numerous, there is currently a lack of case studies presenting tangible evidence for these [51]. For example, [PERSON] et al. [52] suggest BIM and FM are not yet fully integrated because there is not yet much legislation mandating the use of BIM in FM, which may explain the lack of practical case studies. Interestingly, the study by [PERSON] et al. [13], one of the only studies attempting to provide quantitative evidence of the benefits of BIM, compared work order processing times using BIM-FM and a pre-existing CMMS system and found that BIM-FM increased rather than reduced the time taken. However, it is worth noting that the participants did not have BIM expertise.