# Design Strategies for Mobile Click-and-Load Waiting Scenarios
## 2 Related Work
### Design Strategies for Waiting Scenarios  
In recent years, the design of waiting scenarios has increasingly evolved toward a multi-channel sensory approach, encompassing auditory, visual, and haptic domains [25; 26]. Among these designs, that of waiting experiences on mobile platforms primarily focuses on visual feedback. Visual feedback not only conveys the system's response process but also delivers waiting-related information to users through various types of fillers [18]. Existing research has demonstrated that the type of waiting filler can significantly affect users' time perception [8; 27]. For example, [PERSON], [PERSON] & [PERSON], [PERSON] compared three filler types--video, loading modal frames, and images--and found that video fillers most effectively reduce the perceived duration of waiting [28]. Moreover, the studies by [PERSON] and [PERSON] indicate that, in a 5 s loading scenario, an animation that combines progress bars with graphical elements is more effective at reducing perceived waiting times than a single-element presentation [29]. [PERSON], [PERSON] & [PERSON], [PERSON] further investigated the effects of four types of initial loading pages (blank, circular indicator, logo, and a combined form) on users' psychological states, with the combined form performing optimally [9]. Although these studies have provided preliminary insights into the influence of waiting for filler types on time perception, there is still a lack of systematic and mechanistic analysis of waiting scenarios from a structural perspective. Therefore, the present research further investigates the impact mechanism of visual filler types on perceived waiting times to provide a theoretical basis for optimizing interface design. In addition to filler type, the design strategies applied during the perceptual process of waiting also have a pronounced influence on time perception. Previous studies have attempted to obscure users' perception of time through methods such as accelerated animations, segmented loading, and user interactions by constructing novel psychological conceptual models [19]. [PERSON]'s experiments revealed that, compared to constant or decelerated progress bars, acceleration-based progress bars shorten subjective waiting time more effectively--a phenomenon that can be explained by the peak-end effect [30]. Concurrently, researchers have explored that segmented loading strategies (e.g., loading the textual framework before image content) can significantly enhance the perception of the loading process and thereby reduce perceived waiting times [31]. The introduction of active interactions has also been proven to effectively alleviate waiting anxiety and diminish perceived waiting times; interactive interfaces tend to yield higher user satisfaction and a greater sense of control compared to passive loading processes [27; 32]. Furthermore, the design of information presentation is another key factor influencing users' waiting experiences. Research indicates that providing clear indications of waiting time can help users develop realistic expectations and, thus, improve their experience [33; 34]. However, an excessive amount of information is not always beneficial. [PERSON] and [PERSON] found that high-information-density pages may actually lead to longer perceived waiting times [9]. [PERSON], [PERSON]& Yao, K. et al. also observed that, compared to a blank screen, animated loading pages with richer information content are perceived as taking longer during brief waiting periods [28]. The content, speed, type of emotional activation, and task complexity all contribute to users' overall assessment of waiting times. Therefore, appropriately managing information density and ensuring task relevance are critical design strategies for optimizing the waiting experience and mitigating distortions in time perception. In summary, the type of waiting filler, the dynamic design of the perceptual process, and the strategies for information presentation all play crucial roles in influencing users' perceived waiting times.