## 4 Sensitivity Analysis
### Discussion  
Based on the results obtained from the sensitivity analysis, Figures 4 and 5, conclusions can be drawn to design push-pull converter models that meet the balance between complexity and practical feasibility according to the topology and nominal operating conditions. The effect of each non-ideality on the dynamic and steady-state response of the converter will be analysed element by element. To this end, it is important to note that the dynamic response of the converter's internal variables (voltages and currents), and ultimately the output voltage will be determined by the dynamics provided by the energy storage elements (inductors and capacitors) and the series resistors that limit their charge and discharge dynamics. On the other hand, the steady-state response will be determined both by the voltage drops in resistors and diodes (losses), as well as the influence of the value of the inductances and capacitors. This is justified if it is considered that their values, together with those of the series resistors, determine the variation of the voltage and current variables and, depending on the duty cycle, the final value of these magnitudes. Firstly, the effect of transformer non-idealities (core and windings) on the response of the converter output voltage will be analysed. Tables 5 and 6 show, easily and qualitatively, the quantitative results of Figures 4 and 5. They show the effect that each non-ideality has on the dynamic and steady-state response of the converter for each topology and case under study. The results of these tables are the basis for the design of the simplified equivalent models of the push-pull converter. Specifically, in Tables 5 and 6, a colour intensity criterion is used to represent the effect that each non-ideality has on the converter output variable: the higher the colour intensity, the greater the effect and vice versa. The criterion for defining the intensity of the effect is as follows: large if any absolute error magnitude is greater than 10%, moderate if it is less than 10% and greater than 5%, reduced if it is less than 5% and greater than 2% and negligible if it is less than 2%. Considering the transformer core, it is shown that its correct sizing in terms of constituent magnetic material and area product allows the effect of the core non-idealities (\(L_{M}\) and \(R_{Nu}\)) on the dynamic and steady-state response of the converter to be negligible (see errors for \(L_{M}\) and \(R_{Nu}\) in Figures 4 and 5 and Tables 5 and 6). The reduced influence on the dynamic response is due to the high value of the magnetising inductance (\(L_{M}\)) with respect to those of the windings (\(L_{P}\)). According to expressions (21) and (22), and for the switching frequencies of the converters, its effect on the transformer primary current dynamics and, consequently, on the voltage induced in the secondary is negligible. Finally, the reduced impact on the steady-state response is justified because the losses associated with the core (due to a high value of \(R_{Nu}\)) are negligible with respect to the rest of the converter losses. Similarly, the correct sizing of the transformer primary and secondary winding conductors determines an equivalent resistance (\(R_{LP}\) and \(R_{LS}\), respectively) that are negligible with respect to the internal resistances of the power switching devices (\(R_{DS}\)). This implies that their influence on the dynamic behaviour of the transformer primary current and, consequently, on the voltage induced in the secondary is very small. Similarly, the reduced values of \(R_{LP}\) and \(R_{LS}\) imply reduced transformer voltage drops (losses), which determines  
On the other hand, \(L_{P}\) and \(L_{S}\) affect the dynamic and steady-state response of the converter. Considering the effect on both converter topologies, \(L_{P}\) limits the slope of the transformer primary magnetising current due to the opposite induced voltage between its terminals (2): the higher its value, the lower its slope and the induced magnetic flux.