# Triple Validation of Calibrated Building Energy Models with Different Air Infiltration Values
## 2 Methodology
### Instrumentation and Data Collection  
To conduct the tracer gas test and calibration process, the penthouse was equipped with sensors for dry-bulb temperature (\"C), relative humidity (%), CO\({}_{2}\) (ppm), and wind speed (m/s). These sensors were positioned both inside and outside the living room, as described in Figure 2. To capture temperature gradient and air stratification, we further divided the room's 2.60 m height into 4 levels, each 0.65 m apart. At points 2A, 3A, and 3B, four sensors were installed at intervals of 0.65 m from the ground to the ceiling. In the remaining points in the living room (1A, 1B, 2B, 4A, 4B), sensors were installed approximately at two-thirds of the floor-to-ceiling height, positioned at 0.80 m and 1.75 m, to ensure coverage at mid-levels, where typical occupant interaction occurs. CO\({}_{2}\) sensors 1B.3 and 4A.3 were installed at approximately half of the 2.60 m room height, at 1.19 m and 1.52 m, respectively, to capture air quality at a representative breathing level, as shown in Table 2.  
Figure 2: Apart floor plan with the location of the sensors used in this study. To facilitate understanding of the sensor locations in the living room, we divided the space into 8 sections: A and B represent the horizontal division down the middle of the room, while 1, 2, 3, and 4 are vertical divisions. To collect the data in the living room, we set up a monitoring system connected to a computer with internet access. Through this computer, we accessed the HOBOware Pro software, which connected to HOBO, DELTA, and AHLBORN sensors (see Table 3), allowing us to download data remotely via IP at any time. On the other hand, the EXTECH sensors were equipped with a SIM card but had limited storage capacity, allowing them to store one-minute interval data for only three days. Therefore, we downloaded the data from these sensors manually via a USB cable. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c} \hline \hline  & **Sensor Number** & **Sensor Type** & **Distance from the Ground (m)** \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{**1A**} & 1 & T (C) & 0.8 \\  & 2 & T (C) & 1.75 \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{**1B**} & 1 & T (C) & 1.75 \\  & 2 & T (C) & 0.8 \\  & 3 & CO\({}_{2}\) (ppm) & 1.19 \\  & 4 & CO\({}_{2}\) (ppm) & 2.32 \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{**2A**} & 1 & T (C) & 0.65 \\  & 2 & T (C) & 1.3 \\  & 3 & T (C) & 1.95 \\  & 4 & T (C) & 2.32 \\  & 5 & CO\({}_{2}\) (ppm) & 0.74 \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{**2B**} & 1 & CO\({}_{2}\) (ppm) & 0.74 \\  & 2 & T (C) & 2.32 \\  & 3 & RH (\%) & 2.32 \\  & 4 & T (C) & 2.32 \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{**3A**} & 1 & T (C) & 0.65 \\  & 2 & T (C) & 1.3 \\  & 3 & T (C) & 1.95 \\  & 4 & T (C) & 2.32 \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{**3B**} & 1 & T (C) & 0.65 \\  & 2 & T (C) & 1.3 \\  & 3 & T (C) & 1.95 \\  & 4 & T (C) & 2.32 \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{**4A**} & 1 & T (C) & 0.8 \\  & 2 & T (C) & 1.75 \\  & 3 & CO\({}_{2}\) (ppm) & 1.52 \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{**4B**} & 1 & T (C) & 0.8 \\  & 2 & RH (\%) & 1.75 \\ \cline{1-1}  & 3 & T (C) & 1.75 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 2: Measurements of each sensor, their type: temperature (T), relative humidity (RH), and CO\({}_{2}\) and their respective distance from the ground in meters. The varying heights were chosen to capture spatial differences in temperature and CO\({}_{2}\) concentration within the room, ensuring a uniform distribution for comprehensive monitoring. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c} \hline \hline  & **Sensor Model** & **Unity** & **Meas. Range** & **Accuracy** & **Resolution** \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{**HOBO**} & ZW-006 & T\_db & \(-\)20 \({}^{\circ}\)C to 50 \({}^{\circ}\)C & 0.21 \({}^{\circ}\)C & 0.02 \({}^{\circ}\)C \\  & ZW-007 & RH & 0\% to 100\({}^{\circ}\) & 2.50\% & 0.05\% \\  & OHM HD37 VBTV.1 & CO\({}_{2}\) & 0 to 5000 ppm & 50 ppm & 0 \\
**EXTECH** & CO210 & CO\({}_{2}\) & 0 to 9999 ppm & 50 ppm & 1 ppm \\
**AHLBORN** & FVA 615-2 & WS & 0 to 50 m/s & 0.5 m/s & 0.1 m/s \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}