## 3 Results and Discussion
### Sink Capacity: Modelling CO\({}_{2}\) Emissions and FCS
The results show a requirement of 509,651 ha (Table 7) or a maximum achieved buffer radius of 64 km from CHP for 100% carbon sequestration in C1 during a year, which covers the southeastern area of Veracruz State and the northeastern area of Tabasco State. From a feasibility assessment point of view, even though that JaP+TzP has a carbon storage rate of 33% higher than the national average [60], the data show that they have a deficient capacity to act as carbon sinks and carry out sequestration of the CHP emissions. In other words, external biophysical constraints on the sink side of those regions have been identified. In this sense, the ecosystems need significantly more secondary vegetation growth per hectare to carry out carbon sequestration, which is subordinate to the given stage of the Holling adaptive cycle in which the ecological system is located [71]. According to these phases, changing conditions of the forest by natural or anthropogenic disturbance, the carbon sequestration also changes. Nevertheless, despite this very low carbon sequestration, the local forests contribute to reducing the greenhouse effect and climate change. Figure 5 shows the detail of the spatial modeling that was used to evaluate the forest ecosystem's capacity to sequester carbon for each case and its four mitigation scenarios. Figure 5: \(Cont.\)  
The alternative case, C3, reduces the area of emissions impact, needing 4152 ha to mitigate 10% and 41,522 ha to mitigate all emissions during a year (Figure 5c). This is equivalent to 2.3 times and 22.6 times the area of JaP+TzP, respectively (Table 7). From the source of emissions (i.e., the CHP plant) in the direction from north to south, the buffer extends for 18 km (Figure 5c). Regarding the spatial results, it is interesting to assess the potential of BECCS technology for the biomass transformation of C4 plants (e.g., sugar cane, maize). BECCS is considered to be a negative emissions technology that is used to remove CO\({}_{2}\) from the atmosphere [72], and it has been considered a keystone technology for delivering the Paris Agreement on climate change [73, 74]. However, the conversion of native vegetation to the agricultural production of sugar cane and maize to produce biofuels can reduce the net primary production, because C4 plants have a carbon storage lifetime of fewer than six months, and displace natural ecosystems [13]. According to [PERSON] [75], biofuel production may cause an increase in net CO\({}_{2}\) emissions. From an economic point of view, within the mitigation options for the target of 1.5 \({}^{\circ}\)C, the latest Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) report [76] considers not only the post-combustion CO\({}_{2}\) capture with a cost of 30-60 USD/t CO\({}_{2}\) captured [25], but also the removal of CO\({}_{2}\) from our atmosphere by direct air capture (DAC) technology with a cost of 94-232 USD/tCO\({}_{2}\) captured [77]. In contrast, [PERSON] et al. [78] estimate that the removal from tropical reforestation between 2020 and 2050 could be up to 20 USD/tCO\({}_{2}\). That means forest restoration is cost-effective but limited in time compared to the technological options. Instead, BECCS has CO\({}_{2}\) emission associated with the biomass generation (sugar cane, maize, oil crops) for the electricity generation process. Overall, biomass production to supply BECCS could be a constraint, such as the availability of land or water [72]. For instance, [PERSON] et al. [79] estimated a carbon footprint of sugar production in Mexico of 450 to 630 kgCO\({}_{2}\)/t sugar, corresponding to 265 to 466 kgCO\({}_{2}\)/t sugar at the agricultural stage. Additionally, BECCS would require subsidies for the crops of biomass and higher costs due to the lack of infrastructure (pipeline networks) in the areas of crops, energy generation, and geological storage [66]. In this sense, some organizations, such as the Global Capture Storage Institution, promote the BECCS in developing countries [73].