# Fall Detection Approaches for Monitoring Elderly HealthCare Using Kinect Technology: A Survey
## 3 The Microsoft Kinect
### Technical Characteristics
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{l l l l} \hline \hline
**Features** & **Kinect V1** & **Kinect V2** & **Azure Kinect** \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{**Sensors**} & RGB & RGB & RGB \\  & 3D Depth & 3D Depth & 3D Depth \\  & 4-mic progressif linear array & 4-mic progressif linear array & 7-mic circular array \\  & Accelerometer 3 axis & Accelerometer 3 axis & Accelerometer 3 axis \\  & & & Gyroscope 3 axis \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**Color stream**} & \multirow{2}{*}{640 \(\times\) 480 @30 fps} & 1920 \(\times\) 1080 @30 fps & \multirow{2}{*}{3840 \(\times\) 2160 @30 fps} \\  & & 1920 \(\times\) 1080 @15 fps & & 640 \(\times\) 576 @30 fps \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**Depth stream**} & \multirow{2}{*}{320 \(\times\) 240 @30 fps} & 512 \(\times\) 424 @30 fps & \multirow{2}{*}{512 \(\times\) 512 @30 fps} \\  & & & 1024 \(\times\) 1024 @15 fps \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**Operating range**} & 0.8\(\sim\)4.5 m & 0.5\(\sim\)4.5 m & 0.5\(\sim\)3.86 m \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**View angles (H \(\times\) V)**} & 57\({}^{\circ}\)\(\times\) 43\({}^{\circ}\) & 70\({}^{\circ}\)\(\times\) 60\({}^{\circ}\) & 75\({}^{\circ}\)\(\times\) 65\({}^{\circ}\) \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**Joints per person**} & 20 & 25 & 31 \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**Depth method**} & Structured light & TOF & TOF \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**Tilt motor**} & Motorized ( up down 27\({}^{\circ}\)) & Manual & Manual \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**Hardware Requirements**} & Dual-core 2.66 GHz & Dual-core 3.1 GHz & Dual-core 2.4 GHz \\  & 2 GB RAM & DX11 graphics processor & HD620 graphics processor \\  & 4 GB RAM & 4 GB RAM & 4 GB RAM \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**Supported OS**} & Win 7, Win 8 & Win 8 & Win 10 \\  & Win embedded standard 7 & Win embedded 8 & Ubuntu 18.04 \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**Connectivity**} & USB 2.0 & USB 3.0 & USB 3.0 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 1: Comparison between the three generations of Kinect technology. The Kinect V2 also includes a high-quality four-microphone linear progressive array that allows useful sound information to be captured in noisy conditions at 48 Khz. The orientation of these sensors allows for the detection of the sound's origin area over a 180\({}^{\circ}\) range. In addition, version 2 includes a three-axis accelerometer that communicates with a PC via a USB 3.0 controller. Microsoft provides the following minimum recommendations regarding the PC performance requirements to run version 2: a 64-bit 3.1 GHz dual core processor, 4 GB RAM, and a DirectX 11-compatible graphics adapter. This version works on a PC that has at least Windows 8 or Embedded 8 operating system. Kinect's innovation lies in the evolution of sensor performance in each version along with its ability to miniaturize. Microsoft Azure Kinect is characterized by the fusion of the cloud, artificial intelligence, and motion detection technology of the Kinect. It can be deployed with or without cloud services. This latest technology is half the size of version 2. It contains a 12 MP RGB camera, 1 MP TOF depth camera, circular array of seven microphones, and an inertial motion unit consisting of a three-axis accelerometer and three-axis gyroscope. The RGB camera captures images with a high resolution of 3840 \(\times\) 2160 at 30 fps, while the depth sensor captures information in space at different resolutions of 640 \(\times\) 576 and 512 \(\times\) 512 in 30 fps and 1024 \(\times\) 1024 in 15 fps. The inertial measurement unit (IMU) allows sensor orientation and spatial tracking. It only works if the color and/or depth sensors work. It allows the external synchronization of sensor flows from several Kinects. Microsoft provides the following minimum recommendations: a 64-bit 2.4 GHz dual core processor, 4 GB RAM, HD620 graphics processor or higher, and USB 3.0 port. Windows 10 and Ubuntu 18.04 LTS support this version. Each new generation of Kinect is more powerful and is presented in a new style. The sensors' innovation, shape evolution, and motion recognition algorithms allow for more reliable data of the filmed objects.