## 1 Introduction  
In recent years, the increased interest in energy conservation and environmental protection, combined with the development of modern communication and computer technology, has resulted in the replacement of distributed heating with central heating in urban areas. Central heating is gradually becoming the primary source of heating in the winter. Compared with the distributed heating used previously, central heating has the advantages of saving energy, reducing pollution, and improving economic efficiency. Central heating is also an important symbol of urban modernization. District heating networks, together with water and gas networks, belong to the class of pipe networks. Pipe networks themselves are part of general infrastructure networks that range from transportation, telecommunication to electricity [1]. Therefore, the establishment of a safe, stable, and expandable monitoring system for the heating network is important for the effective overall management of a central heating network [2, 3]. The study of the application of communication technology to heating pipe networks helps improve the level of modern management of urban heating networks [4]. To automate district central heating and reduce human involvement, it is necessary to develop a remote monitoring and control system that monitors the boilers and heating exchange station and can reduce the mistakes caused by workers. The Programmable Logic Controller (PLC) is the core of the boilers and the heating exchange station control system [5]. PLCs are mainly used for the internal storage of instructions to implement such functions as logic, sequencing, timing, counting, and arithmetic to control the digital or analog input/output modules for various types of machine processes. There are many applications of different strategies for the monitoring and control of district heating systems. The OLE for Process Control (OPC) server [6] is applied in the urban heat supply monitoring and control system which can connect between the devices and HMI software via GPRS channel. Wireless infrastructure in a district heating substation has been proposed [7], and the wireless network uses TCP/IP all the way to the sensor level, which can enable a standardized Service Oriented Architecture (SOA) and the possibility to upgrade the software of each node remotely over the Internet. A distributed district heating substation monitoring system is proposed in [8] for supervising the consumption of customers and the parameters in every substation belonging to a district heating system as well as the weather parameters. The acquired data are transfer on-line across the Internet to a database on a web server. A multi-agent system for distributed control of district heating systems is proposed in [9], which can control the district heating system using demand-side-management strategies dynamically. The upgrading of the district heating system through the Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) is proposed in [10], where a pilot project conducted by Riga Heat (the main heating supplier in Riga, Latvia) has allowed gaining real life experience in a district in-house heating substation. To enable a cost effective monitoring process, a deployment of a wireless monitoring system for indoor comfort assessment in a smart heat load-shifting context is proposed in [11], which allows a rapid deployment of the monitoring system. Control method based on a fuzzy cognitive map and its application in district heating networks is proposed in [12], which proposes a method utilizing \(\delta\) learning rules to realize the intelligent control of the district heating supply process. The communication network is the contact hub of the whole heating monitoring control system, through which heating transfer station, heat source, monitoring nodes form a unified whole.