## 3 Results
### Comparison between PPI Early-Recovery and Consistent Group and Logistic Regression Analysis  
Characteristics of PPI early-recovery and consistent groups within 3 months after RP are provided in Table 3. Early-recovery patients within 3 months were significantly older than the PPI consistent patients (70.1 versus 72.8 years old; \(p\) = 0.009). In the anatomic findings from MRI, MUL (15.7 versus 13.9 mm; \(p\) = 0.002) and OIM (18.2 versus 17.5;  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c} \hline \hline  & **All Population** & **Development** & **Test Group** & **\(p\)-Value** \\  & **(n = 166)** & **Group (n = 109)** & **(n = 57)** & **\(p\)-Value** \\ \hline Age at surgery, year & 71.6 (50, 87) & 71.9 (52, 87) & 71.0 (50, 87) & 0.440 \({}^{\ddagger}\) \\ \hline BMI (kg/m\({}^{2}\)) & 24.2 (15.5, 32.7) & 24.3 (18.5, 32.7) & 24.0 (15.5, 30.5) & 0.924 \({}^{\ddagger}\) \\ \hline PSA (ng/mL) & 17.9 (1.2, 426.6) & 21.5 (2.7, 426.6) & 11.0 (1.2, 57.4) & 0.351 \({}^{\ddagger}\) \\ \hline History of TURP, n & 7 (4.2) & 4 (3.7) & 3 (5.3) & 0.628 \({}^{\lx@sectionsign}\) \\ \hline \multicolumn{5}{c}{ISUP category and biopsy Gleason score} & 0.732 \({}^{\lx@sectionsign}\) \\ \hline
1, 6 (3 + 3) & 23 (13.9) & 13 (11.9) & 10 (17.5) & \\
2, 7 (3 + 4) & 40 (24.1) & 25 (22.9) & 15 (26.3) & \\
3, 7 (4 + 3) & 50 (30.1) & 36 (33.0) & 14 (24.6) & \\
4, 8 & 31 (18.7) & 21 (19.3) & 10 (17.5) & \\
5, 9 & 22 (13.3) & 14 (12.8) & 8 (14.0) & \\ \hline \multicolumn{5}{c}{Surgical approach, n} & \multicolumn{3}{c}{<0.001 \({}^{\lx@sectionsign}\)} \\ \hline Open & 33 (19.9) & 74(67.9) & 41(71.9) & \\ Laparoscopic & 18 (10.8) & 29 (26.6) & 4 (7.0) & \\ Robotic & 115 (69.3) & 6 (5.5) & 12 (21.1) & \\ \hline \multicolumn{5}{c}{Contience at} \\
3 months & 90 (54.2) & 56 (51.4) & 20 (35.1) & 0.045 \({}^{\lx@sectionsign}\) \\ \hline \multicolumn{5}{c}{Anatomic finding} \\ \multicolumn{5}{c}{on MRI} \\ \hline PV (mm\({}^{3}\)) & 44.1 (18.7, 149.7) & 44.6 (18.7, 149.7) & 43.2 (19.9, 108.5) & 0.656 \({}^{\ddagger}\) \\ MUL (mm) & 14.7 (5.1, 24.8) & 15.5 (7.9, 24.8) & 13.2 (5.1, 24.2) & 0.000 \({}^{\ddagger}\) \\ LAM (mm) & 7.7 (4.3, 11.6) & 7.6 (4.5, 11.3) & 8.0 (4.3, 11.6) & 0.154 \({}^{\ddagger}\) \\ UWT (mm) & 10.1 (5.2, 13.6) & 10.0 (5.2, 13.6) & 10.4 (7.4, 13.0) & 0.094 \({}^{\ddagger}\) \\ ASM (mm) & 3.1 (1.0, 6.4) & 3.0 (1.6, 6.4) & 3.3 (1.0, 5.2) & 0.347 \({}^{\ddagger}\) \\ OIM (mm) & 17.8 (8.4, 49.5) & 17.8 (9.3, 23.7) & 17.8 (8.4, 49.5) & 0.019 \({}^{\ddagger}\) \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular} Note: Unless otherwise specified, data are means with range. Data are presented as number (%) of patients, \({}^{\dagger}\)\(p\) value was calculated by Students’ \(t\)-test. \({}^{\ddagger}\) \(p\) value was calculated by nonparametric Mann–Whitney U test. \({}^{\lx@sectionsign}\) \(p\) value was calculated by Pearson chi-square test. BMI, body mass index; PSA, prostate-specific antigen; TURP, transurethral resection of the prostate; ISUP, International Society of Urological Pathology; PV, prostate volume; MUL, membranous urethral length; LAM, levator an muscle; UWT, urethra wall thickness; ASM, and sphincter muscle; OIM, obturator internal muscle.  
\end{table}
Table 2: Baseline characteristics of population.  
\(p\) = 0.021) were significantly longer and thicker with early-recovery patients than those of consistent patients.  
Univariate logistic regression analysis showed that age (odds ratio (OR), 1.06; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.01-1.12; \(p\) = 0.011) and MUL (OR, 0.88; 95% CI 0.81-0.96; \(p\) = 0.003) were significantly related with PPI recovery within 3 months. In multivariate logistic regression analysis, both age (OR, 1.07; 95% CI 1.07-1.02; \(p\) = 0.007) and MUL (OR, 0.87; 95% CI 0.80-0.95; \(p\) = 0.002) remained significant independent predictors of PPI recovery within 3 months after RP (Table 4).