## 1 Introduction  
Wound healing is a complex process that depends on internal and external conditions. Therefore, the acceleration of wound treatment must involve promoting the healing process. The general care procedure involves removing the infection from the wound bed and then applying the wound dressing [1]. There are two kinds of wounds that result from injury by cutting, hitting, and burning: open and closed wounds [2]. Open wounds are usually accompanied by bleeding and are associated with rupturing layers of the skin [3, 4, 5]. Closed wounds result from bruising or dead blood and crashes. In terms of clinical features, wounds are divided into acute and chronic wounds. Acute wounds are caused by burns, cuts, and surgical incisions, and their healing process takes 8-12 weeks [6]. Chronic wounds are due to tumors, bed wounds, and diabetic wounds, which lead to extended inflammation and a more prolonged healing time. The wound-healing processes can be divided into four successive stages: homeostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling (Figure 1). The first healing stage is hemostasis, which begins with the cessation of bleeding. When a part of the body bleeds, the first step is to start the hemostasis phase, and the blood vessels contract, which reduces the bleeding [6]. In this situation, platelets then stick together to cover the damaged vascular wall, and coagulation occurs. Many platelets stick together with fibrin glue, which traps red blood cells like a net and stops bleeding. The process of homeostasis occurs very quickly. After that, the first fibrin scaffold is formed in 60 s with fibrin glue, which turns from a liquid to jelly to form a blood clot and releases prothrombin. The thrombus retains platelets, clots, or blood cells in the wound area [7]. Inflammation is the second phase in wound healing and occurs right after the blood vessels are damaged and blood is leaking. Inflammation both controls bleeding and prevents infection. During this phase, white blood cells, growth factors, nutrients, and enzymes move toward the injured area, which leads to swelling, redness, pain, and various inflammatory stages. Inflammation is a natural part of the wound-healing process and only extends the healing process of the wound [8]. The next stage is proliferation, which begins when new tissue regenerates in the wound. In this step, the new tissue is formed with extracellular matrix (ECM) and collagen. A new network of blood vessels and healthy granular tissue is fabricated with adequate oxygen supply and proper nutrition [9; 10]. The last phase is remodeling, which occurs by converting collagen type III to collagen type I when the wound is completely closed. In this stage, collagen is reabsorbed along the squeezing lines, which leads to the attachment of collagen fibers and an improvement in the new tissue's tensile strength [7; 11; 12; 13]. Due to the complexity of the wound-healing process, selecting a suitable wound dressing for the wound type is indispensable. An ideal wound dressing should improve the healing process by eliminating excessive exudate, promoting autolytic debridement, retaining adequate moisture for healing, and providing the least inconvenience for the patient [14; 15]. Simultaneously, a wound dressing should allow faster healing without being too expensive [16; 17]. However, conventional dressings are mostly dry and challenging to apply. Furthermore, traditional methods for treating chronic wounds cannot heal 70% of patients, including dermal substitutes, human skin equivalents, and recombinant growth  
Figure 1: Different stages of the wound-healing process. factors from human platelets [18]. To overcome these drawbacks, active wound dressing has been developed by incorporating active agents in wound dressing materials to prevent microorganisms from infecting the wound [14]. Natural biopolymers have recently been used as wound dressing materials because of their biocompatibility, biodegradability, and similarity to the ECM [19].