###### Abstract  
This study aims to incorporate building and demolition waste, including lime and crushed granite, as partial alternatives for cement and fine aggregates, respectively, and to devise a plan to reduce their environmental effect resulting from their extensive prevalence in substantial amounts. The use of lime in paste, mortar, and concrete has become a common practice to regulate the environment, save resources, and improve performance in various settings. The first stage of this study investigated the effects of replacing different proportions (0%, 15%, 25%, 35%, and 50%) of lime powder with cement on the physical and mechanical properties of mortar specimens over 7, 28, and 90 days. The next phase of the research examined the impacts of substituting varying quantities (ranging from 10% to 100%) of granite powder in 15 different mixes, while keeping a consistent water-to-binder ratio of 0.45. The last part of the study consisted of an examination of data from previous research on cement mortar and lime-modified cement mortar. This included testing on flowability, standard consistency, setting time, flexural strength, and compressive strength. The acquired data underwent a statistical analysis, which resulted in the development of equations that may predict the mechanical characteristics of changed cement mortar mixes. These equations also highlight the impact of certain physical qualities on compressive and flexural strength. physical and mechanical properties; modified cement-lime mortar; granite powder; fine aggregate; statistical analysis +
Footnote †: journal: Applied sciences  
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Presently, lime mortar finds application primarily in the ongoing maintenance of ancient historical structures and temples. Combining lime mortar with pozzolanic materials can lead to enhanced strength and reduced setting times due to the formation of calcium silicate hydrate (C-S-H) gel upon exposure to water [5; 6]. However, it is worth noting that lime mortar requires more time to set and achieve strength compared to cement mortar. The process of carbonation, involving the transformation of calcium hydroxide (CaOH\({}_{2}\)) into calcium carbonate (CaCO\({}_{3}\)) in the presence of carbon dioxide and air, is responsible for setting and strength development in pure lime. In contrast, cement's strength primarily arises from hydration, the interaction between bogue compounds in cement and water [7; 8; 9]. Granite, an igneous rock formed when magma cools beneath the Earth's surface, can undergo contact metamorphism when it encounters limestone, leading to the creation of metamorphic rock known as skarn [10]. This transformation is a consequence of the high heat and pressure experienced by rocks, causing mineral components to rearrange or new minerals to form [11]. Recycling granite fragments serves as an environmentally friendly and cost-effective solution, preventing waste from being sent to landfills and offering a versatile solid stone [12]. Research has explored the use of granite in high-performance concrete, particularly granite powder as a partial substitute for sand. These investigations have demonstrated its positive impact on mechanical properties, with concrete containing 25% granite powder (GP25) proving superior to other mix ratios and even ordinary concrete [13]. [PERSON] et al. [14] discovered that substituting 10-20% granite cutting waste (GCW) for fine aggregate in concrete enhanced compressive strength by 11.8-14.2% and split tensile strength by 13.5-16.7%. Water absorption reduced by 7.4-9.2%, hence augmenting durability nonetheless, performance deteriorated as GCW replacement reached above 30%. According to research by [PERSON] et al. [15], high-strength concrete's compressive strength was raised by 12-16% and split tensile strength by 10-15% when 10-20% granite cutting waste (GCW) was used as a substitute for fine aggregate.