## 3 Results and Discussion
### Product Efficiency under Field Conditions  
After the laboratory experiment and first characterization of the product efficiency in dust emission suppression, the products were applied in an unpaved road of the quarry for field experiment on dust emission by the portable wind tunnel in two stages. In the first stage, the experiment was conducted several days after the application of the products, in which 150 rides of Euclid Trucks were recorded. The results of the PM10 dust emission from the soil samples by the field experiment are presented in Figure 6. As recorded in the laboratory experiment, the Brine was the best application, preventing any dust emission also in the field conditions with PM10 concentration values at the level of the background (\(\sim\)20 \(\mathrm{\SIUnitSymbolMicro m^{-3}}\)) measured in the wind tunnel before the test. Nonetheless, the averaged PM10 concentrations at the lowest wind velocity (4 m s\({}^{-1}\)) in all the product applications were significantly lower (\(p<0.05\)) than that of the control plot and close to the background value. The averaged PM10 concentrations of the synthetic polymer (PVA) and the Bitumen were significantly lower (\(p<0.05\)) than those of the control plot also in the other wind velocities (6.5, 8, and 9.5 m s\({}^{-1}\)). A significant difference between the Bitumen and the PVA was received only at wind velocity of 8 m s\({}^{-1}\), in which the averaged PM10 concentration of the Bitumen was the lower one. In the organic products (L Lignin and Resin), the averaged PM10 concentrations at wind velocities above 4 m s\({}^{-1}\) were close to those of the control plot with no significant differences, excluding the Resin at 6.5 m s\({}^{-1}\) with significant lower value. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c} \hline \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**Wind Velocity (m s\({}^{-1}\))**} & \multicolumn{6}{c}{**Dust-PM10 Emission Flux (mg m\({}^{-2}\) s\({}^{-1}\))**} \\ \cline{2-7}  & **Control** & **Brine** & **L Lignin** & **Resin** & **Bitumen** & **PVA** \\ \hline
4.0 & 3.51 & 0.15 & 0.45 & 0.50 & 0.76 & 0.34 \\
6.5 & 10.47 & 0.24 & 0.86 & 0.94 & 2.33 & 0.54 \\
8.0 & 37.68 & 0.30 & 1.65 & 1.67 & 6.53 & 1.60 \\
9.5 & 126.97 & 0.36 & 3.58 & 4.51 & 18.17 & 1.98 \\ \hline \hline \The averaged PM10 concentrations recorded in the field experiment for each product (Figure 6) were relatively lower than those of the laboratory experiment (Figure 5) because of the conditions of the soil surface structure before the experiment as explained in Section 3.1. This is less relevant for the soil plots with the application of organic products that present higher values in the field experiment at wind velocities of 8 and 9.5 m s\({}^{-1}\). However, the PM10 emissions in both organic applications were not higher than that of the control plot. The calculated dust emission fluxes, presented in Table 3, were derived from the PM10 concentrations (Figure 6) and as such they are in full correlation with the averaged PM10 concentrations and have the same differences (and significance level, \(p<0.05\)) discussed earlier. The dust suppression efficiency (%) is presented in the lower part of Table 3. It clearly shown that the Brine is the most efficient product in dust suppression, reducing more than 90% of the PM10 dust emission at the higher wind velocities 6.5, 8, and 9.5 m s\({}^{-1}\). At these wind velocities, it revealed that the applications of the organic products were significantly less efficient in dust suppression under field conditions. Figure 6: PM10 concentrations recorded during the first field wind tunnel experiment on the diverse dust control products under wind velocities 4.0, 6.5, 8.0, and 9.5 m s\({}^{-1}\). The experiment was performed several days after the dust control application on the unpaved road with 150 rides of the quarry Euclid Trucks. Note, the “control” is an unpaved road section with no treatment. The background level measured in the wind tunnel before the test was \(\sim\)20 \(\upmu\)g m\({}^{-3}\).