## 5 Experimental Results and Discussion  
After the completion of the system's software and hardware debugging, we tested its temperature control effect. By connecting the leads of the sealed cesium beam tube through the terminal block, the thermistor and heating element pre-installed on the cesium oven were connected to the circuit. Multiple temperature working points were set for long-term testing. The temperature control module is in Figure 6, and the results are shown in Figure 7.  
As shown in Figure 7, the experiment focuses on temperature control, with a target set at 60 \({}^{\circ}\)C. The data presented in the table illustrate the temperature readings recorded during the experiment, highlighting the system's performance in maintaining the desired temperature. The readings show a range of values around the target temperature, specifically between 59.9995 \({}^{\circ}\)C and 60.0005 \({}^{\circ}\)C. This tight range indicates that the temperature control system is functioning effectively, with minimal fluctuations around the set point. The precision of the measurements reflects the system's capability to maintain stability, which is crucial for applications requiring exact temperature control. Throughout the experiment, the temperature readings consistently hover around 60 \({}^{\circ}\)C, demonstrating the system's responsiveness to any deviations. For instance, if the temperature slightly drops to 59.9995 \({}^{\circ}\)C, the control mechanism quickly adjusts to bring it back to the target. Similarly, if the temperature rises to 60.0005 \({}^{\circ}\)C, the system effectively regulates the heating element to prevent overshooting. The data further suggest that the temperature control system employs a feedback loop, likely utilizing a PID control algorithm. This algorithm  
Figure 6: The temperature control module.  
continuously monitors the temperature and makes real-time adjustments to maintain the set point. The tight control around 60 \({}^{\circ}\)C not only indicates the effectiveness of the control strategy, but also ensures that the system can adapt to external disturbances, such as changes in ambient temperature or variations in the heating element's performance. In conclusion, the experimental data demonstrate that the temperature control system is highly effective in maintaining a stable temperature of 60 \({}^{\circ}\)C, with minimal fluctuations. This level of precision is essential for applications where temperature stability is critical, ensuring optimal performance and reliability in various operational contexts.  
As shown in Figure 7, the experimental data provided outlines the temperature control around a target of 110 \({}^{\circ}\)C. The recorded temperatures demonstrate minor deviations from the set point, oscillating within a narrow margin. The values range from 109.998 \({}^{\circ}\)C to 110.002 \({}^{\circ}\)C, indicating a high degree of precision in the temperature control system. The data suggest that despite slight fluctuations, the system promptly corrects any deviations, maintaining temperatures remarkably close to the desired 110 \({}^{\circ}\)C. This consistency is vital for applications where precise temperature control is essential, such as in scientific research,  
Figure 7: Experimental temperature control test results.  
material processing, or any industrial application with thermal sensitivity. The accompanying time stamps, increasing in a sequence likely representing seconds, suggest that these temperature readings were captured at regular intervals. This regular data capture is typical for systems employing feedback control mechanisms to adjust the temperature in real-time. The system's ability to swiftly respond to temperature changes and maintain the set point with minimal deviation is a testament to the effectiveness of its control algorithms and components.