## 3 Results and Discussion
### Flavonols
#### 3.5.4 Other Compounds  
Eleven additional compounds (compounds **55**-**71**) were identified from different culinary herbs and spices. Scopoletin (compound **55**) was found in [M\(-\)H]\({}^{-}\) mode at \(m/z\) 147.0438. It has several potential health benefits, including antioxidant, anti-depressant, anti-diabetic, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, natural pain relierer, and anxiety relier properties. Scopoletin may also have the potential to be a natural treatment for skin conditions like eczema and psoriasis, as it has been shown to have anti-inflammatory effects on the skin [92]. Compound **58** (trigonelline), an alkaloid, was tentatively identified in mint and fenugreek. Previously, it was identified in coffee arabica [93]. Diosgenin (compound **60**), a steroidal saponin, was putatively identified in fenugreek. Diosgenin has several pharmacological benefits, as reported by [PERSON] et al. [94]. Three more compounds, esculin (compound **62**--C\({}_{15}\)H\({}_{16}\)O\({}_{9}\)), esculetin (compound **63**--C\({}_{9}\)H\({}_{6}\)O\({}_{4}\)) and pyrogallol (compound **57**--C\({}_{6}\)H\({}_{6}\)O\({}_{3}\)), were identified commonly in fenugreek, basil, and mint leaves at \(m/z\) 339.0738, 177.0196, 127.0383 and 477.3279, respectively, in the negative mode of ionization. Esculin and esculetin are natural compounds found in several herbs and plants, including horse chestnut, chicory, and celery. They have several potential health benefits, including anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic, antioxidant, and anti-tumor properties. Additionally, some research suggests that esculin might be useful as a natural remedy for venous insufficiency, a condition characterized by the improper functioning of vein valves in the legs, as it can help to improve blood flow and reduce swelling [95]. Some research suggests that esculetin may have the potential as a natural treatment for osteoporosis [96]. Compound **66** was tentatively known as umbelliferone by the precursor ion [M\(-\)H]\({}^{-}\) at \(m/z\) 161.0242 in basil, mint leaves, and fennel seeds. Compound **58** (\(p\)-anisaldehyde) was considered at \(m/z\) 135.0445 in negative mode from basil and fenugreek [97]. Compounds **67** and **68**, rosamol (C\({}_{20}\)H\({}_{26}\)O\({}_{5}\)--\(m/z\) 347.1847) and carnisc acid (C\({}_{20}\)H\({}_{28}\)O\({}_{4}\)--\(m/z\) 331.1903) were tentatively characterized from fennel and basil, respectively. In the past, cinnamon, oregano, rosemary, and thyme were all said to contain carnisc acid [98]. In addition, carnosol, rosamol, and carnisc acid were found in culinary herbs and spices with substantial antioxidant potential [99]. Carnisc acid has several potential health benefits, including antioxidant, anti-diabetic, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial properties. Additionally, some research suggests that carnisc acid might be useful as a natural remedy for Alzheimer's disease, as it has been shown to protect against beta-amyloid plaques that accumulate in the brain, alongside playing a role in contributing to the development of the disease [100]. Furthermore, it might have value as a natural remedy for obesity because it may aid in reducing deposits of fat and enhancing metabolic processes [101]. While some of the health benefits of rosamol are shared in addition to the natural compounds present in herbs and spices, such as its antioxidant, anti-diabetic, antimicrobial, and anti-inflammatory properties, some potential unique benefits are explicitly associated with rosamol. For example, some research has suggested that rosamol may have potential as a natural treatment for hair loss, as it can help to stimulate hair growth by promoting the proliferation of hair follicle cells [102]. Additionally, rosamol could possess the ability to function as an all-natural remedy for ageing skin [103]. Compound **65** was identified at \(m/z\) 121.0292 in negative mode as well as putatively categorized as 2-hydroxybenzaldehyde in fenugreek, basil leaves and in coriander seeds.