## 3 Numerical Model and Simulation Scheme of the Strain-Structural Plane
### Characteristics of Energy Information  
Energy release is the fundamental reason for the occurrence of rockbursts. Analyzing the mechanical response within the surrounding rock from an energy perspective can partially reflect the energy storage level and the rockburst intensity. The visualization of elastic strain energy \(U^{\mathrm{e}}\) is realized using FISH language (Equation (2)), and the energy information characteristics under different conditions are obtained, as shown in Figure 5. Similar to the distribution law of the stress field, the peak energy mainly occurs at the tunnel vault and arch foot, the peak value is basically the same, about 0.31 MJ/m\({}^{3}\). The energy accumulation degrees between the tunnel and structural plane are different, and the farther away from the tunnel, the smaller the elastic energy. From 0.20 MJ/m\({}^{3}\) at the tunnel contour to 0.10 MJ/m\({}^{3}\) at the structural plane, there is almost no energy accumulation above the structural plane and only little energy accumulation near the structural plane tips. Because there is no free surface in this part, the internal energy of the rock mass can only be released through the sliding or failure between the planes.  
Observing Figure 5a-c, when \(\theta\) = 30\({}^{\circ}\), the elastic energy with the largest distribution range and value is concentrated between the tunnel and structural plane. The same is true for the structural plane tips. When \(\theta\) = 45\({}^{\circ}\), the energy accumulation range is below the structural plane, and the right spandrel decreases. When \(\theta\) = 60\({}^{\circ}\), energy accumulation occurs only in a small range below the structural plane. As \(\theta\) increases, the distribution range of the larger value of \(U^{\mathrm{e}}\) decreases gradually, and the energy accumulation degree also decreases. The energy accumulation degree at the structural plane tips gradually decreases with the increase in \(\theta\). Observing Figure 5d-f, when \(L\) = 6.5 m, the energy accumulation at the spandrel is obvious, and energy accumulation partly occurs in the middle and upper tip of the structural plane, with a distribution range of about 5 m near the tip. When \(L\) = 8.5 m, the energy accumulation range at the tunnel spandrel is larger, and the energy accumulation range of the structural plane upper tip reduces, with a distribution range of about 2 m. When \(L\) = 10.5 m, the distribution of larger energy value for spandrel rocks further increases, and the value remains unchanged, the larger elastic energy is accumulated. As \(L\) increases, the energy accumulation range between the structural plane and tunnel gradually expands, the energy value of partly rocks increases, energy accumulation at the structural plane tips decreases, and the energy release above the structural plane increases. It indicates that the structural plane with a larger scale is conducive to the energy accumulation below the structural plane, while the structural plane with a smaller scale is conducive to the energy accumulation at the structural plane tips. Observing Figure 5g-i, when the structural plane intersects with the tunnel (\(D\) = 0 m), the energy release drives the rock mass separated from the surrounding rock near the structural plane. The elastic energy mainly accumulates at the vault and arch foot, and some energy accumulates at the structural plane tips. When \(D\) = 1.7 m, the rock mass between the lower part of the structural plane and the spandrel accumulates a large amount of elastic energy, which is much higher than that of \(D\) = 0 m.  
When \(D\) = 3.4 m, the structural plane has little effect on the energy distribution, and the distribution is approximately symmetrical. Compared with the condition of \(D\) = 1.7 m, the energy accumulation range increases slightly, but the energy value decreases slightly.