# Geospatial Assessment of the Territorial Road Network by Fractal Method
## 1 Introduction  
The development of an efficient transport infrastructure is one of the most pressing problems both for the whole territory of Ukraine and for other countries. As is known, a transport system has fairly high dynamics of development, and the effectiveness of its function depends on the quality of its organization and management. The presence of a large number of diverse properties and characteristics makes it impossible and inefficient to manually process large flows of input information. This increases the relevance of the development and implementation of automated approaches and analysis tools, as well as appropriate tools for working with geodata. The best modern tool for the analysis of spatial information is geographic information technology, which combines the functionality of traditional cartography and intelligent data processing in geographic information systems (GISs) [1]. An important aspect of the application of GISs is solving environmental problems, including terrain analysis, hydrological modelling, land use analysis and modelling, ecological modelling, and ecosystem service valuation [2]. GIS techniques and procedures have an important role to play in analyzing the multicriteria decision problems of planning and management. A variety of theoretical and methodological perspectives on multicriteria decision analysis (MCDA) in GISs have been suggested over the last 20 years [3]. Examples of spatial problems that are successfully addressed by integrating MCDA and GISs are suitability multicriteria analysis and site selection analysis [4]. GIS technology can also be useful in planning the development of engineering infrastructure facilities and the construction of environmentally hazardous facilities [5]. In [6], practical examples of the use of GISs in sustainableurban planning are shown. GIS technologies allow one to observe and register changes in urban areas, manage the complex process of urban growth, and also help assess the impact of various multicriteria decision-making procedures for urban planning. Besides that, a GIS enables planners to develop and analyze urban transport development models and solve various transport-related problems. One of the important indicators characterizing the transport system of any country is the transport provision of the territory. The transport provision level of the territory is traditionally estimated by the transport network density, the calculation of which involves using the coefficients of Botcher, Henkel, Engel, Goltz, and Uspensky [7]. A territory transport provision analysis example, based on the calculation of the Engel and Uspensky coefficients for assessing the impact of the transport system on economic security, is presented in [8]. The main drawback of the given coefficients is their use in the calculation formulas of the entire area of the territory instead of the inhabited area, which does not always adequately reflect the real picture. In order to take into account only the level of complexity of the transport network itself, and to not tie the indicator of transport provision to the area, it is proposed to calculate this indicator based on the fractals theory. A fractal is a geometric figure that has the property of self-similarity; that is, it is composed of an infinite number of parts, each of which is similar to the whole figure [9]. The basic property of all fractal structures is their dimension. Although there is no exact definition of fractals, [PERSON], the scientist who was the first to introduce the concept of fractals into science [10], gave his definition, stating that \"A fractal is by definition a set for which the Hausdorff-Besicovitch dimension strictly exceeds the topological dimension\" [11]. Unlike Euclidean geometry, in which dimensions are expressed in integers, the dimensions of fractal geometry can be expressed by fractional numbers between one and two in a two-dimensional space [12]. The bigger the non-integer value of the Hausdorff-Besicovitch dimension, the more irregular and complex the shape of the object.