# Comprehensive Analysis of Maritime Cybersecurity Landscape Based on the NIST CSF v2.0
## 6 Discussion  
The integration of the NIST CSF into maritime operations has revealed a multifaceted and intricate landscape of cybersecurity challenges and solutions. The research literature demonstrates a concerted effort on the part of the maritime sector to adapt and align with the evolving cybersecurity landscape, marked by a diverse range of approaches spanning various aspects of the NIST CSF, from the identification of threats to recovery planning. Our review of 113 recent literature articles revealed that only four papers ([PERSON] et al., 2017; [PERSON] et al., 2018; [PERSON] et al., 2019) explicitly addressed the NIST CSF domain. Despite appearing 136 times across various functional areas spanning diverse discussion topics, none of the papers made reference to or were centred around the newest version, the NIST CSF v2.0, which could be due to the recentness of its publication. According to the NIST CSF v2.0, as categorized in Table 7 below, our study provides an insightful approach to understanding its integration into maritime operations while answering research questions RQ1, RQ2, and RQ3. * What are the most recent advancements in the literature on maritime cybersecurity with reference to the NIST CSF functions and their related cybersecurity categories? \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{p{56.9 pt} p{113.8 pt} p{113.8 pt}} \hline \hline
**Category** & **References** & **Conclusions** \\ \hline Incident Recovery Plan Execution & [PERSON] et al. (2022) (2022) ([PERSON] et al., 2018) (2017) & Integrating NIST v2.0 Incident Recovery Plan Execution into company strategies is vital for cybersecurity resilience. Recovery plans aim for quick, effective incident handling to minimize disruption and damage. Research highlights unique strategies, like optimization algorithms, to combat issues like data loss. These findings stress the importance of adept recovery planning in boosting cybersecurity robustness. With rapid tech progress, recovery strategies must evolve to protect systems and assets effectively. \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 6: Recover. Recent advancements in maritime cybersecurity literature, as aligned with the NIST CSF Functions, include:  
* Govern Function: There has been a focus on 'Organizational Context' [24; 25; 26; 27; 28] and 'Risk Management Strategy' [14; 29; 30; 31; 32; 33], with several articles addressing these areas. This indicates progress in the understanding and implementation of cybersecurity within the organizational frameworks and risk management processes of maritime operations. * Cybersecurity Supply Chain Risk Management: Although there are gaps, the literature has begun to address the importance of cybersecurity in the maritime supply chain [34; 35; 36]. Considering the interconnected nature of global supply chains, advancements in this area are critical for mitigating the potential widespread impact of cybersecurity breaches. * Identity Management, Authentication, and Access Control: Advancements in identity management, authentication, and access control have been highlighted as essential for effective cybersecurity in the maritime sector [74; 75]. The research suggests that implementing secure management systems and multi-factor authentication mechanisms can enhance security while maintaining usability. * Education and Training: The literature significantly underscores the role of education and training in enhancing maritime cybersecurity [16; 20; 68; 76; 77; 78; 79; 80]. There is a consensus on the need for comprehensive education and training programs to build sufficient cybersecurity knowledge across all levels of the industry. * Data Security: Data security has been identified as a critical area of advancement, with the research proposing various strategies to protect data within the maritime sector [60; 81; 82; 83; 84; 85; 86; 87; 88; 89; 90; 91; 92; 93; 94; 95]. This includes the development of technologies and processes to ensure the integrity and confidentiality of maritime data.