# Effect of Cement Content on the Deformation Properties of Cemented Sand and Gravel Material
## 3 Results and Discussion
### Rationality of Expressions for the Deformation Properties of CSG Material  
Equations (5), (12), (13), (17), and (22) are the expressions for quantified indexes of the deformation characteristics of CSG material. To verify the rationality of these expressions, the experimental results of CSG material with the cement content of 60 kg/m\({}^{3}\) for the experimental verification, and the calculated results are shown in Figures 6, 7, 9-12, 14 and 15. The calculated results fit the experimental results well, thereby demonstrating that these equations can be used to describe the deformation properties of CSG material under different cement contents.  
To verify the rationality of these expressions determining the deformation properties in different types of CSG materials and some other cemented granular materials, Figures 16 and 17 show the test results of CSG materials parameters obtained by [PERSON] and [PERSON] et al. (the maximum size of the gravel grains is 40 mm or greater), the test results of cemented coarse-gained soil parameters (the maximum size of the gravel grains is 20 mm), and cemented poorly graded sand-gravel mixture parameters (the maximum size of the gravel grains is 12.5 mm) [13; 15; 26; 27]. The type, chemical and physical properties of the raw materials included cement and coarse and fine aggregates of those are different from those used in this study.  
The fitting functions, i.e., Equations (3), (4), (8)-(11), (15) and (16) for the parameters in Equations (5), (12), (13), (17), and (22) under different cement contents can be used to fit the test results of CSG materials parameters by [PERSON] and [PERSON] et al. as well as the test results of cemented coarse-gained soil parameters by [PERSON] in Figure 16[13; 26; 27]. These verification results demonstrate that the expressions for quantified indexes of the deformation characteristics can also be used to well describe the deformation characteristics of other types of CSG materials and cemented coarse-gained soil.  
The expressions for the deformation properties of CSG material are used to simulate the deformation characteristics of a cemented poorly graded sand-gravel mixture as shown in Figure 17[15]. However, some expressions considering the effect of confining pressure cannot fit the corresponding test results for the material well. The main reason could be that the grading and size of the aggregate particles, cement content, and confining pressure of the cemented poorly graded sand-gravel mixture are different with those of the cemented granular material described above.  
Figure 16: The relationship between the parameters and the cement content _Cc_: (**a**) \(E_{0}\); (**b**) \(n\); (**c**) \(\lambda_{0}\); (**d**) \(d_{0}\); (**e**) \(\lambda_{1}\); (**f**) \(d_{1}\); (**g**) \(\lambda_{2}\); (**h**) \(d_{2}\).  
In particular, these expressions including Equations (5), (12), (13), (17), and (22) in this study can be considered to be applicable to the cemented granular materials with a cement content less than 100 kg/m\({}^{3}\) and a maximum particle size of the aggregate greater than 20 mm under different confining pressures.