# Shared Logistics--Literature Review
## 3 Substantive Analysis
### Shared Logistics for Sustainable Cities  
The areas where shared logistics can be particularly useful are certainly the cities in which more than half of humanity already lives, and more than three-quarters of societies are in developed countries. In cities that are most often overcrowded, there are problems of congestion, pollution, and inefficient infrastructure. At the same time, we witness the increase in e-commerce, which makes deliveries even more heterogeneous, and disordered, carried out by various vehicles that have no space to park and unload the goods. [PERSON] et al. [53] propose to solve these problems using a common logistics platform. A mathematical formulation for maximizing the profit of dynamic planning adapting to dynamic priority was established, and a hybrid parallel distributed search algorithm combined with a search algorithm under demanding time constraint conditions was proposed. The study by [PERSON] [34] aims to answer the question of to what extent a shared logistics system with a common logistics hub can contribute to increasing a city's sustainability, with particular emphasis on the following factors: electricity, location, and availability. [PERSON] et al. [32] provided guidance on the design of urban logistics hubs for shared use by multiple couriers, and express and parcel service providers. Various methods were used to collect a large amount of qualitative and quantitative data. Additionally, a case study from Vienna was presented. The research paper uses a linear optimization model to suggest the optimal allocation of shared infrastructure capacity. [PERSON] et al. [46] described sharing along the last leg of the supply chain from the distribution center to customers in the city. The authors developed a model of functioning and allocation of income, taking into account a large number of stakeholders. [PERSON] et al. [38] explored the potential of the integration of the rapid transit of goods and passengers in urban areas. Although flows of people and goods have different goals and constraints, sharing the same network is in line with current trends to use available transport capacity more efficiently. A form of shared logistics is one of sustainable city logistics measures, i.e., urban consolidation center (UCC). [PERSON] et al. [35] conducted a survey in Cagliari that investigated the propensity of potential users to join the UCC program. The comparison between the two cities takes into account factors such as the nature of the business model, operating practices (e.g., delivery pattern), and the operating sub-sector. Based on the concept of the collaborative economy, multi-stakeholder collaboration in UFT can be an effective tool to improve the quality of life in cities. Stakeholder participation is critical to the success of a shared delivery system. By sharing logistics facilities and delivery vehicles, stakeholders can benefit from UCC encouraged by cost and time savings and value-added services. However, the stakeholders involved in the city system have different needs and goals, therefore there is always a problem with financing such a center. The sharing economy provides flexible options for cost savings, pollution reduction, and social value. However, as the results of a survey conducted in Cagliari show, despite the potential benefits it can provide, it remains far from being widely accepted by potential users. According to the authors, communication and promotional campaigns should be organized to sensitize stakeholders to the benefits that the sharing economy can provide for their companies. Another issue with the success of shared logistics systems is cost allocation. Detailed analysis related to the identification of people benefiting from UCC is needed. Another important barrier is related to the propensity to change and the acceptance/aversion to risk. The type of goods can also be an obstacle, due to the needs and constraints of the cold chain.