# Embrace the Era of Drones: A New Practical Design Approach to Emergency Rescue Drones
## 4 Empirical Case
### Fuzzy Kano User Requirements Analysis  
Step 1: Fuzzy Kano questionnaire design. First, through a literature search, questionnaire survey, and user interviews, the emergency rescue drone products were investigated, and 36 user requirements for emergency rescue drones were obtained. Then, 19 user requirement evaluation items were selected via the expert opinion method and divided into three levels: modelling design, functional design, and interaction design. The user requirements are numbered in the form of \(F_{1}\)-\(F_{3}\), as shown in Table 4.  
Step 2: Fuzzy Kano data analysis. The fuzzy Kano questionnaire with two positive and negative questions is designed according to the selected user requirements evaluation items. A total of 100 questionnaires were sent out, and 89 valid questionnaires were recovered, which is highly reliable. User feedback data are obtained through questionnaire analysis. Taking the concise shape of F\({}_{11}\) as an example, a fuzzy questionnaire was established, as shown in Table 5.  
When the product has this element, the matrix of establishment is \(X\) = [0.7 0.2 0.1 0 0]. When the product does not have this element, the matrix is \(Y\) = [0 0 0.1 0.3 0.6], and the fuzzy interaction matrix is as follows:  
\[Q=X^{T}Y= \begin{bmatrix}0&0&0.07&0.21&0.42\\ 0&0&0.02&0.06&0.12\\ 0&0&0.01&0.03&0.06\\ 0&0&0&0&0\\ 0&0&0&0&0\end{bmatrix}  \tag{7}\]  
The distribution of the median value of the matrix \(Q_{F11}\) corresponds to Table 5, and the class membership vector \(T_{F11}\) of the user requirements attribute with a concise shape is obtained as follows:  
\[T_{F11}=\left[\frac{0.18}{M},\frac{0.42}{O},\frac{0.12}{I},\frac{0.28}{A}, \frac{0}{R}\right] \tag{8}\]  
where \(Q_{M}\) represents the sum of the values of the \(M\) attributes in the matrix, which is the membership vector of \(Q_{M}\). \(t_{M}=0.18\). By calculating separately for the other four types of requirements, \(Q_{Q}Q_{I}Q_{A}\), and \(Q_{R}\), the \(Q_{F11}\) membership vectors are \(t_{M}=0.18\), \(t_{O}=0.42\), \(t_{I}=0.12\), \(t_{A}=0.28\), and \(t_{R}=0\), respectively. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c} \hline
**Primary User Requirements** & \
\begin{tabular}{c} **Secondary User Requirements** \\ **Serial Number** \\ \end{tabular} &
\begin{tabular}{c} **Meaning of Secondary User Requirements** \\ **Serial Number** \\ \end{tabular} \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{Styling design} & \(F_{11}\) & Simple styling \\  & \(F_{12}\) & Proportional coordination \\  & \(F_{13}\) & Striking colours \\  & \(F_{14}\) & Appropriate material \\  & \(F_{15}\) & Fine workmanship \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{Functional design} & \(F_{21}\) & Auxiliary fire extinguishing \\  & \(F_{22}\) & Material input \\  & \(F_{23}\) & Lighting functions \\  & \(F_{24}\) & Broadcast guidelines \\  & \(F_{25}\) & Payload carrying \\  & \(F_{26}\) & Longer battery life \\  & \(F_{27}\) & Information collection \\  & \(F_{28}\) & Real time monitoring \\  & \(F_{29}\) & Autonomous navigation \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{Interaction design} & \(F_{31}\) & Convenient operation \\  & \(F_{32}\) & Status indicator \\ \cline{1-1}  & \(F_{33}\) & Real-time feedback \\ \cline{1-1}  & \(F_{34}\) & Intelligent decision-making \\ \cline{1-1}  & \(F_{35}\) & One-click return \\ \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 4: User requirements assessment projects. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c} \hline
**Simple Styling** & **Satisfied** & **Deserved** & **Indifferent** & **
\begin{tabular}{c} **Reluctantly** \\ **Accepted** \\ \end{tabular} & **Very Dissatisfied** \\ \hline The product has this element & 0.7 & 0.2 & 0.1 & 0 & 0 \\ The product does not have this & 0 & 0.1 & 0.3 & 0.6 \\ element. & & & & \\ \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 5: Fuzzy questionnaire. In order to obtain more reliable data, threshold \(\alpha\) is introduced to screen the data in the vector obtained from the questionnaire results. If the value of a factor is \(\geq\)\(\alpha\), the factor is represented by 1, no 0. Here, we set the threshold to 0.42. \(T_{F1}\) is calculated at this time.