# Boat-to-Grid Electrical Energy Storage Potentials around the
## 4 Discussion  
With the increasing number of EVs, which may act both as consumers and suppliers of electric energy simultaneously, V2G networks are becoming integral parts of electrical systems. The electricity usage information generated during the operation of V2G networks is a useful resource that can be the basis of a number of related services, including the forecasting of loads and prices, creating schedules for optimized energy consumption and the modelling of performances related to EV ancillary services. As the growing number of EVs is coupled with an increasing share of electric energy from renewable sources in electricity markets, adding demand and decentralized energy generation to the equation,  
Figure 10: The distribution of the total energy storage capacity of the small electric boats in the sailing marinas of Lake Balaton predicted for 2030 by the power of their electric motors, own results. system operators are obliged to think about the expensive enhancement and extension of the infrastructure and use expensive solutions for redispatching. The rapid development of the V2G technology is a global phenomenon with great potential advantages in economic, environmental and even social terms, while also providing distribution system operators with great opportunities, for instance, by the possibility of controlled charging. While all the above make the V2G concept and technology a timely and popular subject for discussion and research, all-encompassing and time-tested solutions do not exist. Among vehicles with potentials for use in V2G system, electric boats present an increasing opportunity in certain countries, e.g., Hungary, for the development of further V2G concepts and thereby introducing a new notion, that of \"boat-to-grid\" or \"B2G\" for short. Instead of road vehicles, the B2G concept concerns the energy storage capacities of waterborne vessels, which could become an integral part of the V2G concept in the future. The sailing marinas of the largest lake of Central Europe accommodate 213 small electric boats, which represent an aggregate energy storage capacity of 4.8 MWh in 2021. By 2030, this figure may exceed even 15 MWh. These values can be deemed considerable, and they could contribute to the more optimized operation of PV systems around Lake Balaton, however the problem of the integration of V2G concepts has not been solved as yet. It is worth noting that, currently, the electric companies that supply the Hungarian settlements with electric power do not make energy consumption data in greater than annual detail available, referring to trade secrets. With these data missing, it is impossible to prepare analyses taking seasonal aspects also into consideration. This situation highlights the importance of the application of energy management technologies that are suitable, for example, for the integration of energy systems, controlling consumption, overseeing energy use processes related to individual economic parameters, the enhancement of energy efficiency, the exploration of potentials for energy conservation, the realization of cost reduction or even the definition of economic and comfort functions. Related to the vehicle-to-grid concept, such energy management systems have not been created in Hungary around Lake Balaton yet. It is also important to note that the opening times of the sailing marinas at Lake Balaton are not uniform; certain marinas operate all year round (e.g., Balatonfured or Balatonkenese), while others only during the ice-free periods (e.g., Balatonbereny) or have individual opening times (e.g., Keszthely). This is an extremely important parameter, because in the case of using small electric boats for V2G, their annual availability must be known precisely, otherwise the applicability of the grid integration roles of these vehicles becomes problematic. These circumstances also justify the use of energy management systems, as thusly the necessary energy-related data would be available for each marina specifically.