## 4 Discussion  
The aim of this study was to compare CBR and HBR in terms of short-term postoperative functionality in patients who underwent THA and TKA. The most important finding of the present study was that no differences were found between HBR and CBR for patients who underwent TKA and THA in terms of functional outcomes and pain. A greater preoperative joint functionality, a lower level of pain, and a female gender predicted higher functional outcomes at 1 month after surgery in both groups. TKA and THA are the most common procedures for knee and hip osteoarthritis, but few studies have compared outcomes based on the type of post-operative rehabilitation (i.e., HBR or CBR). In detail, HBR and CBR differ in methodology, treatment adherence, and economic aspects (REFs). Our study suggests that both HBR and CBR achieve comparable functional outcomes and pain control. This result is similar to that of a meta-analysis by [PERSON] et al. [10], who reported that long-term pain and functional outcomes were comparable in patients who underwent TKA, but found that ROM was superior in the HBR group at 14 weeks. Similarly, a study by [PERSON] et al. [26], who analyzed patients who underwent TKA, demonstrated that results were comparable between the HBR and CBR groups. [PERSON] et al. [27] analyzed 26 patients who underwent TKA and THA, and found that WOMAC and VAS were comparable for digital-assisted rehabilitation, compared with the control group; they also found positive effects on quality of life, stiffness, and physical function in the digital-assisted group. A study by [PERSON] et al. [28] reported results similar to ours, with a follow-up of 3 months. Several studies [29; 30; 31; 32; 33] have found comparable \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c} \hline \hline  & \(p\) & \(\beta\) \\ \hline
**Age** & 0.533 & \(-\)0.010 \\ \hline
**Gender** & **0.035** & 0.0582 \\ \hline
**IADLs** & 0.054 & 0.0623 \\ \hline
**VAS t0** & 0.737 & \(-\)0.0152 \\ \hline
**WOMAC t0** & **\textless{0.001}** & 0.3248 \\ \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 6: Univariate Regression analysis: Factors Affecting Postoperative WOMAC Score. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c} \hline \hline  & \(p\) & \(\beta\) \\ \hline
**Age** & 0.815 & \(-\)0.033 \\ \hline
**Gender** & 0.981 & \(-\)0.017 \\ \hline
**IADLs** & 0.927 & \(-\)0.017 \\ \hline
**VAS t0** & **0.011** & 0.090 \\ \hline
**VHS t0** & **0.007** & 0.101 \\ \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 5: Univariate Regression analysis: factors affecting postoperative Vail Hip Score. results for HBR and CBR using validated outcome scores at short- and long-term follow-up. In general, HBR is an adequate solution for autonomous patients; using this approach, it is possible to gain more control over pain and functionality, as well as the timing and duration of therapy [26]. Other authors [34] have analyzed pain using data extracted from WOMAC and VAS scores, suggesting that HBR can be as effective as CBR in terms of pain control in the short term. A study by [PERSON] et al. concurred with our results, finding that at 6 and 10 weeks postoperatively patients who performed HBR reported positive effects on pain and functional outcomes [35]. In our multivariate regression analysis, we found that better WOMAC scores at t3 were associated with female gender and better values of WOMAC at t0. Significant differences between women and men with regard to postoperative outcomes have been reported in the literature; generally, women report worse scores on pain and functional outcomes, and they also show lower quadriceps muscle strength before surgery in comparison with men. postoperatively, women tend to recover better and faster than men. These results are probably due to increased motivation as well as differences in pain perception and preoperative expectations [36; 37; 38]. Regarding THA, the multivariate regression indicated that patients with better values of VAS and VHS preoperatively had better VHS at t3.