## 4 Simulation Results and Analysis
### Personality Traits  
To explore the influence of personality traits on the evolution of group emotions, the proportions of sensitive, neutral, and conservative passengers in the carriage are defined as follows: Personality Configuration I (proportion of sensitive passengers: \(1/6\); proportion of neutral passengers: \(1/3\); proportion of conservative passengers: \(1/2\)), Personality Configuration II (proportion of sensitive passengers: \(1/3\); proportion of neutral passengers: \(1/3\); proportion of conservative passengers: \(1/3\)), and Personality Configuration III (proportion of sensitive passengers: \(1/2\); proportion of neutral passengers: \(1/3\); proportion of conservative passengers: \(1/6\)), while keeping other parameters constant (\(N=300\), \(P=0.5\), _arrival-tick_ = \(100\)). It was assumed that no intervention was made by the authorities, with \(R=0\). We observed the proportions of passengers in four emotional states (the number of passengers in a specific emotional state/\(N\)) within the group, as shown in Figure 5.  
Figure 5: Emotional state proportions of passengers under different personality configuration scenarios: (**a**) Personality Configuration I; (**b**) Personality Configuration II; (**c**) Personality Configuration III.  
Following the emergency, the proportion of passengers in calm state quickly drops to zero, with panic spreading throughout the carriage. The proportion of passengers in slight panic state decreases overall. Although the proportion of those in moderate panic state initially rises sharply, it soon declines back to the level observed at the onset of the emergency. Meanwhile, the proportion of passengers in intense panic state increases significantly. In Figure 5a, the moderate panic state dominates the crowd's emotions, with approximately 50% of passengers in this state. In Figure 5b, the proportion of passengers in intense panic is almost equal to those in moderate panic, with passengers in these two emotional states together accounting for 90% of the total. Meanwhile, in Figure 5c, the proportion of passengers in intense panic has overtaken those in moderate panic, with intense panic now dominating the crowd's emotions.  
By comparing the initial proportions of passengers in four emotional states across the three scenarios, it becomes evident that, when a group contains more sensitive passengers, the initial proportions of passengers in intense panic and calm tend to rise, while the proportions of those in moderate and slight panic decrease. This suggests that sensitive passengers are more prone to experiencing extreme emotions during emergencies, which can be either positive or negative. However, as emotional contagion progresses, an increase in the number of sensitive passengers makes the evolution of group emotions more likely to escalate into intense panic. It is easy to see that sensitive passengers have a heightened capacity for emotional reception during the process of emotional contagion, which can amplify the spread of panic. Therefore, it is crucial to focus on sensitive passengers and implement preventive measures, such as enhancing safety education, to guide them positively. Providing targeted emergency management education to this sensitive group can help curb the spread of panic from the outset and be highly effective in controlling panic during metro emergencies.