## 1 Introduction
### Related Work
#### 1.1.2 Information Standards for Public Transport Infrastructure  
IFOPT--Identification of Fixed Objects in Public Transport: The IFOPT [9] is a CEN Technical Specification that defines a reference model for the description of public transport infrastructure and a reference data model that allows the description of the main fixed objects such as airports, ports, trains and bus stations and their internal structure (entrances, equipment, facilities, rooms, and platforms). In the model, special attention is paid to accessibility requirements and provisions. The IFOPT specification was developed as an extension of a broader Transmodel standard and later incorporated into Transmodel Part 2 [10].  
The IFOPT provides a conceptual framework for the identification and description of fixed infrastructure. It is focused on public transport, including multimodal contexts operated by different operators. It supports the modelling of information at various levels of detail, such as large geographic areas or detailed characteristics of a particular location. The specification defines attributes for describing infrastructure characteristics, geographic locations, and relationships in terms of infrastructure networks.  
There is a great need for information in the public transportation sector. For example, operators manage fleets of vehicles, drivers, and other staff, use ticketing systems, manage schedules, and register and publish real-time information about their services. Quality of service is highly dependent on accurate and regularly updated information about changes in service offerings, schedules, and infrastructure. In passenger transport, there are many operators and service providers whose services are interdependent and interconnected. Therefore, there is a high need for frequent data exchange among the sector's stakeholders.  
The Public Transport Reference Data Model (EN 12896), \"Transmodel\" [6], is a European standard that provides a common agreement on the definition of concepts used in public transport. It is a reference standard that enables and improves interoperability between all public transport operators. With the help of Transmodel, the software infrastructures of private companies, public authorities, agencies, and software providers in the sector exchange information about the network and services and can work together more efficiently.  
Transmodel is divided into parts that cover different information, such as network description, schedule information and vehicle planning, operations monitoring, fare management, passenger information, driver management, and information management. This structure allows stakeholders to use parts of the model and work independently from other stakeholders focusing on their specialties, while remaining compatible with others and using the same data interpretation and structuring. The conceptualisation of the model and the structure of the physical transport infrastructures, which are now part of the Transmodel standard, were developed as a separate specification IFOPT, as mentioned above.  
The NeTEx [7] technical specification defines the XML data model for implementing the core part of Transmodel. Currently, the specification is divided into six parts, each dedicated to the public transport network-topology-interchange format, the public transport timetable-interchange format, the public transport fare-interchange format, the European Passenger Information Profile, the Alternative Transport Interchange Format (CEN/TS 16614-5:2021, to be officially published soon), and the European Passenger Information Accessibility Profile (EPIAP) (currently being defined).