### Modern Understanding of the Processes of Interaction of Falling Liquid Drops and Heated Surfaces  
Evaporation modes depend on the simultaneous influence of thermal and dynamic factors, which significantly complicates both experimental research and the construction of a theoretical model. The thermal aspect is largely related to the temperature of the wall, which is associated with four distinct evaporation regimes: (1) film evaporation, (2) nucleate boiling, (3) transition boiling, and (4) film boiling [12]. Dynamic factors lead to the regimes of the drop impingement, grouped into five different impact patterns: (1) completely wet; (2) wet film boiling; (3) transition; (4) dry rebound, and (5) satellite dry rebound, where dry impact implies that no liquid-solid contact occurs during the impact process. The number _We_ has a stronger influence on dry wall impact than that on wet wall impact [12]. It has been found that when the impact time scale \(t_{d}=d_{01}/U_{01}\) (where \(d_{01}\) is the diameter of the falling drop and \(U_{01}\) is the velocity of the falling drop before droplet interaction) is of the order of the thermal time scale \(t_{T}=\lambda_{w}q_{w}c_{w}/l^{2}\) or larger (where \(\lambda_{w}\) is the wall thermal conductivity, \(c_{w}\) is the wall specific heat, and \(h\) is the heat transfer coefficient), the effects of heat transfer (thermal factor) on impact behavior cannot be neglected, and the drop will inevitably contact the wall directly. If \(t_{T}\) is longer than \(t_{d}\), the wall remains isothermal, and the impact is not affected by the heat transfer [13; 14]. In this case, only the dynamic factor is decisive. Different modes of high-temperature evaporation of droplets depending on the properties of the solution, wall temperature and wettability are considered in [15; 16; 17].  
Surfactants affect not only the surface properties of the solution, but also the heat exchange in the drop, as the number of Marangoni and surface forces change. The peculiarities of solution wetting using surfactants are considered in [18; 19; 20]. Experimental data on free convection in a sessile evaporating drop show that theoretical predictions overestimate the experimental data on the water velocity dozens of times, which is associated with the influence of natural surfactants (contaminants in the form of surfactants) [3; 21; 22]. The use of surfactants reduces the surface tension of the liquid, which leads to a change in the modes of evaporation of the sessile droplet [23; 24]. The evaporation kinetics of solutions with surfactant are similar to the droplet kinetic of pure aqueous solutions without surfactant. The main differences of surfactant solutions are as follows: (1) the lower values of initial contact angles, (2) the larger values of initial diameters of the droplet base, and (3) dependence of the receding contact angle on time for the second time stage at concentrations below the critical wetting concentration (CWC) [23]. For a drop of pure water at constant contact radius (\(R_{d}=\) constant), the static contact angle depends only on the evaporation rate. The evaporation of the water droplet with surfactant results in an increase in surfactant concentration and its redistribution between the bulk and interfaces due to a decrease in droplet volume. As a result, the contact angle will decrease over time. Surfactants play an important role in suspensions. Surface textures enhance heat and mass transfer near a wall [25; 26]. A small concentration of surfactants in emulsions allows reaching small droplet sizes and prevents the droplets' merger and the growth of their diameter [27; 28]. The behavior of droplets on the heated wall was considered in [29; 30].