# Behaviour Analysis of Reinforced Soil Retaining Wall According to Laboratory Scale Test
## 5 Conclusions  
In order to evaluate the influence of the form and angle of a RSW on curved and straight part, an laboratory scale test was conducted, and the experimental results were analysed and summarized as follows. 1. Analysis of the planar region showed that, in the case of convex-shaped walls, the horizontal CCV displacement of 120\({}^{\circ}\) or less decreases as the separation distance from the center of the curved part (0.0 D) increases and converges to the straight part from the 1.0 D point. Horizontal displacements above a CCV of 120\({}^{\circ}\) were similar from the center of the curved part to the 1.5 D point. Therefore, for the convex wall with a CCV of 120\({}^{\circ}\) or less, the influence range of the curved part is determined to be at the 1.0 D point, and with a CCV of 120 or above, the entire section is determined to be a straight part. 2. Analysis of the planar region showed that in the case of a concave-shaped wall, the horizontal displacement at all angles increases with an increase in separation distance from the center of the curved part (0.0 D) and converges to the straight part displacement from the 1.0 D point. Therefore, the influence range of concave RSWs is estimated to be 1.0 D. We can see that the horizontal displacement decreased from the straight part to the curved part. The cause of this finding is likely due to the arching effect of the backfill. 3. Based on the analysis results, the reinforcement area is determined to be 0.3 H-0.7 H at all angles in the case of the convex wall, and the maximum horizontal displacement occurred at 0.5 H, which is similar to the results of a previous study [12]. It is thought that more reinforcement is required at an angle of approximately 120\({}^{\circ}\) in particular, which is considered to be a straight part. 4. Based on the analysis results, for the concave wall, the displacement in the curved part is smaller than that in the straight part. Based on the displacement analysis, there seems to be no effect from angles for the areas greater than 1.0 D, but there are some differences related to angles in the areas below 1.0 D which are considered to be due to the combined reinforcement effect of the reinforcement installation and the arching effect. 5. Based on the overall results of this study, the influence range of curved parts for all shapes and angles is 1.0 D. When comparing the results of convex and concave shapes, the effect of curved parts occurs at angles of 120\({}^{\circ}\) or less, and, in the case of angles above 120\({}^{\circ}\), the difference in displacement between the straight and curved parts is small enough that there is no boundary between the curved and straight parts above 120\({}^{\circ}\). Existing design criteria for RSWs specify the reinforcement area from the center of the curved part to 0.5 D for the curved part. The curved  
Figure 18: Horizontal displacement for according to shape: (**a**) 60 Degree; (**b**) 90 Degree; (**c**) 120 Degree; (**d**) 150 Degree. part influence range in this study was 1.0 D. Therefore, it is recommended that the reinforcement area is increased from 0.5 D to 1.0 D.
6. In this study, the relative differences in displacement between the curved and straight parts of RSWs were analyzed, and the influence range and reinforcement area of the curved part were presented. However, the effects of the curved parts may vary depending on various conditions such as the strain and height of RSWs, the radius of curvature, the type of reinforcements, and the spacing of the installation. The number of cases investigated in this study is insufficient and limits the ability to use the findings to generalize the curved part influence range for RSWs. Therefore, further indoor experiments are needed with more cases, and numerical studies and in-situ tests are also required to verify the results of this study. Conceptualization, Y.J.K. and H.S.J. ; methodology, H.S.J. and Y.J.L. ; software, D.W.O., H.H.Y. ; formal analysis, Y.J.K., D.W.O., and H.S.J. ; investigation, D.W.O. and Y.J.L.