## 1 Introduction  
Ultra-wideband (UWB) technology holds great promise as a communication system solution due to its ability to transmit data at high speeds and its excellent resistance to multipath interference. In various fields such as satellite communications, aerospace, radar, biomedical applications, mobile communication for GSM, and remote sensing, the microstrip patch antenna has become widely utilized [1]. This popularity stems from its advantageous features, including ease of analysis and fabrication; affordability; lightweight nature; ease of feeding; the capacity for dual, triple, and multiple frequency operations; as well as its attractive radiation characteristics [2, 3]. Despite its numerous benefits, the patch antenna does possess limitations, particularly in terms of its narrow bandwidth and poor gain. The demand for wideband antennas operating at higher frequencies has been steadily increasing due to the requirements of various wireless applications for greater bandwidth. Consequently, researchers have been actively working to develop new and effective methods to enhance the different aspects of microstrip patch antennas, particularly their bandwidth. Radiating elements of printed antennas consist of patches with diverse shapes, such as triangular, rectangular, square, elliptical, and circular [4, 5]. Among these options,circular structures have demonstrated smaller dimensions relative to frequency operations. Circular patch antennas offer the advantage of simplified design and control over radiation patterns compared to rectangular antennas, where patch length and width are utilized for control and design purposes. Furthermore, circular patch antennas are approximately 16% smaller in size compared to rectangular patch antennas operating at the same design frequency. In recent years, there has been considerable progress in UWB technology and wideband antennas. These advancements have led to the development of novel circular patch antenna designs that address the limitations of conventional narrow-band patch antennas. By adopting circular patch configurations, engineers have been able to overcome the narrow bandwidth issues associated with traditional designs. The smaller size of circular patch antennas not only aids in reducing space requirements but also enhances their compatibility with compact communication devices [6]. The circular patch antenna's advantageous characteristics extend beyond its compactness and simplified design. Circular patches offer wider bandwidths, making them suitable for applications that demand high-speed data transmission [3]. The enhanced bandwidth capability enables circular patch antennas to support a broader range of frequencies, facilitating seamless connectivity for various wireless communication systems. This versatility is crucial in modern communication environments where multiple wireless devices coexist, operating on different frequency bands. Moreover, circular patch antennas exhibit favorable radiation properties, including improved directivity and radiation efficiency [3;7]. The circular geometry allows for the generation of desirable radiation patterns with enhanced gain and reduced side lobes. These features contribute to better signal reception and transmission, ensuring reliable and efficient communication in complex environments. To optimize the performance of circular patch antennas, researchers employ advanced techniques and materials. The use of innovative substrate materials with high dielectric constants allows for increased miniaturization and improved antenna efficiency. Furthermore, the incorporation of fractal geometries in circular patch designs has shown promising results in further enhancing their bandwidth and radiation properties. In today's communication landscape, wireless connectivity is essential for devices to support multiple applications with different center frequencies. While using multiple antennas can enable multiband operations, this approach comes with several drawbacks.