## 6 Discussion  
In this paper, we present an innovative approach to low-cost Internet of Things (IoT) communication tailored specifically for the Arctic region. Our project utilized the SWARM satellite constellation to enhance remote community connectivity and facilitate research purposes, offering a more efficient data collection and messaging solution in one of the world's most challenging environments. By integrating SWARM devices with Amazon Web Services (AWS) and HIVE cloud platforms, we established a robust two-way communication system capable of effectively linking multiple devices.  
Our system demonstrated significant potential in addressing the unique communication needs of remote and extreme regions. The combination of SWARM satellites with AWS and HIVE cloud services enabled seamless data transmission and reception, showcasing the feasibility of reliable IoT communication where traditional connectivity options are limited or unavailable. The solution can also help measure scale research endeavors in the Arctic regions, where small samples are taken and processed, and the results are sent on the spot in the faraway areas directly to the research center, without a need to collect them manually. The small message data size is ideal for research measurements, and the transmission time period of under 5 min will provide fast and accurate data. However, despite the promising results, several limitations and challenges still need to be addressed to ensure the system's long-term success and scalability.  
One key limitation of the current system is the dependency on low Earth orbit (LEO) satellites, such as the SWARM constellation. While LEO satellites offer low latency and efficient communication, their coverage can be limited in more remote or extreme locations of the Arctic, particularly during periods of low satellite availability. Additionally, satellite signal degradation caused by extreme weather conditions, such as heavy snowfall or solar radiation, could affect the reliability of communication. Furthermore, the current system is dependent on ground-based infrastructure, such as AWS and HIVE cloud services, which require stable and high-speed Internet connections. In Arctic regions with limited connectivity, the effectiveness of these cloud platforms may be compromised, necessitating further research into more robust ground infrastructure that can operate under these extreme conditions.  
Deployment and scalability also present challenges. Expanding satellite networks to cover a wider area or provide higher bandwidth will involve considerable investment and infrastructure development. The cost of deploying additional satellites and maintaining them in harsh Arctic environments remains a significant challenge. Moreover, coordinating communication between multiple IoT devices in a dynamic and often unpredictable environment, with issues such as power supply, network congestion, and data synchronization, may complicate large-scale implementations.  
Future research should focus on improving the adaptability and scalability of satellite systems by investigating advanced satellite technologies, such as swarming and adaptive routing, which can dynamically optimize coverage and data transfer rates based on real-time conditions. Research into autonomous power solutions, such as energy-harvesting IoT devices or more efficient battery technologies, could also mitigate some of the challenges posed by the remote and energy-scarce nature of Arctic environments.  
Overall, while the IoT communication system presented in this paper holds great promise for enhancing connectivity in the Arctic, further advancements are needed to address its limitations and improve its scalability. Future research should continue to explore novel satellite communication technologies, energy-efficient solutions, and more resilient ground-based infrastructures to ensure reliable, sustainable communication in the Arctic region for scientific and commercial purposes.