## 1 Introduction  
Recently, smart energy environments have gained significant attention due to their rapid development. When an electronic device is subjected to an electromagnetic (EM) field, a phenomenon known as electromagnetic interference (EMI) may take place. Any equipment with electrical circuitry is highly exposed to EMI [1, 2, 3, 4]. In other words, the EMIis defined as the disruption to an electrical circuit caused by electromagnetic induction or externally released electromagnetic radiation. Also, it gains greater attention as the electromagnetic spectrum is being used more and more, and as electronic devices get more advanced and complex. EMI can be caused by a variety of natural or artificial factors. Depending on its source and the type of mechanism causing the interference, it may also have a range of properties. Electromagnetic interference (EMI) is the condition where undesired electromagnetic emissions of one electrical system interfere with other equipment nearby. The emissions usually result from components or systems having alternating currents or switching voltages rapidly, such as switching power supplies, motor drives, or digital electronics. The EMI-induced interference degrades the function, accuracy, or even safety of the surrounding electronic systems within the same setting. One must understand the path EMI travels from the source to the offending receiver to effectively mitigate. The interference path is referred to as \"coupling\" and may be accomplished by numerous different mechanisms, such as radiated, conducted, capacitive, or inductive coupling. These coupling mechanisms present some difficulties and require various methods of suppression. Therefore, an accurate definition of the coupling path is essential to ascertain the right amount of shielding, grounding, filtering, or modification of the circuit configuration to mute or eliminate the EMI's interference effect on other devices. For EMS within the broad context of electromagnetic interference (EMI) and electromagnetic compatibility (EMC in the specialized domain, some highly specific and domain-specific facts are of the highest significance when designing dependable and interference-immune electronic systems. One interesting fact is that the EMS encompasses all frequencies of electromagnetic radiation, from very low frequencies (VLF) to gamma rays, but when discussing EMI, the focus primarily remains between the radio frequency (RF) ranges, often a few kHz to several GHz. In this frequency band, electronic circuits and components inadvertently emit interference signals that radiate or propagate interference signals and impair the neighboring or connected system performance. Correct spectral management with proper assignment and monitoring of the frequencies to prevent overlap and inadvertent coupling between operating in the same frequency bands becomes essential. Equipment should be made to be able to function in their assigned spectral space and to attenuate outside-of-space emissions so that they can co-exist with other electronic devices. Another EMS-specific aspect is the coupling mechanism by which EMI propagates from the source to victim. The coupling mechanisms are categorized into four main types: radiated, conducted, capacitive, and inductive. In EMS, one needs to know how energy couples--either by air as radiated fields or by contact as conducted signals--to design mitigation schemes. For instance, radiated coupling prevails when the source-to-victim distance is more than a wavelength, and one has to employ shielding enclosures and absorber materials. Directed EMI, on the other hand, is noise that propagates over cables and power lines and needs to be removed by low-pass filters or common-mode chokes. Such a detailed understanding of the way the interference travels and acts in the EMS environment enables engineers to implement specific countermeasures and improve overall system immunity. Compliance with EMC standards worldwide is also an EMS-centric fact of special significance.