esa-sceva/satcom-chunk-collection huggingface dataset:
## 3 OLSR Attacks
### False Control Information Generation  
The OLSR control plane is based on two different types of control traffic: HELLO messages and TC messages. A non-compliant node can affect network connectivity through  
Figure 5: Normal Packet flooding and optimized packet flooding with MPR selection representation [10].  
Figure 6: OLSR network attacks.  
the incorrect generation of HELLO and/or TC messages. In general, a node can behave badly in two different ways: by generating control traffic by \"pretending\" to be another node (e.g., impersonation) or by posting incorrect information (links) to control messages (for example, link spoofing). In the upcoming sections, we will discuss various instances where Hello and/or TC messages are exploited to execute attacks targeting the routing control plane.
## 3 Results
### Specim Experimental Testing  
Regarding testing results derived from DM1, they generally showed relatively high forces in both seed positions. Seed 1 (DM1-S1) offered the highest force of 1068.02 N and 1022.66 N on average (Figure 11), while Seed 2 (DM1-S2) offered the highest force of 908.66 N and 872.51 N on average (Figure 12). Considering average values, it is about 150 N in the mechanical response difference between two randomly tessellated models. Both charts are scattered and have a wide deformation range in achieving maximal response. This high difference in average values and scattered chart data highlights a feature of the randomly distributed tessellations, which the user cannot control due to their modeling routine. This means the lattice structure ensures unpredictable and unreliable mechanical responses for various seed positions, even if the relative density is almost coincident, as shown in Table 1. Besides high force values, the results do not seem coherent and are scattered over the chart, which is the most significant curiosity for this tessellation type. In the case of DM1-S1, two specimens reach maximum force at 1.1 mm of deformation, one specimen does so at 1.4 mm, and another two at 1.5 mm. In the case of DM1-S2, specimens reach maximum forces between 1.1 and 1.4 mm of deformation, and values are lower than the previous seed.  
Figure 11: Force-Displacement charts including mean values of each design (DM) in the Seed 1 Design model.  
Figure 10: Mean Strain-Stress curves and multilinear plasticity hardening model.  
All other charts of design models from DM2 to DM5 are related to models tessellated over parabolic surface distribution. The main difference between them is in the height of a parabola spreading inside the volume, which goes from the highest one \(h_{p}=1.0h_{v}\) to the smallest on \(h_{p}=0.5h_{v}\). The weakest response showed DM2, where the height of a parabola extending inside the volume was the highest. In contrast, the most forceful response showed DM5, where the height of a parabola extending inside the volume was the smallest. Seed 1 (DM5-S1) offered the highest force of 1302.80 N and 1205.98 N on average (Figure 11), while Seed 2 (DM5-S2) offered the highest force of 953.74 N and 893.63 N on average (Figure 12). The maximal and average results of DM5 are higher than those of DM1, which is progress compared with a typical tessellation.
# Elliptic Curve Signcryption-Based Mutual Authentication Protocol for Smart Cards
## 6 Analysis of Security Functionalities of ECSSP-SC
### Analysis of Resistance Capability of ECSSP-SC against Attacks  
Any secure protocol must have the capability to defeat attacks launched over it. In this sub-section, the resistance capability of the ECSSP-SC against different attacks has been analyzed. For modeling the active and the passive attacks attempted over the system, the attack model given by [PERSON] and [PERSON] [60] has been utilized, which has defined the three queries given below.  
* \(Q1:\ Execute\ (USR,SVR,j)\): This query intends to model passive attacks where an _Attacker_\(A\) captures the truthful execution of session \(j\) between the \(USR\) and \(SVR\).
* \(Q2:\ Send\ (X,Y,j,MSG)\): This query intends to models active attacks where an _Attacker_\(A\) mimics the behavior of the party \(X\in USR\) in the \(j^{th}\) session of the protocol, and transmits the message \(MSG\) to some \(Y\in SVR\).
* \(Q3:\ Corrupt(USR,K)\): This query permits an _Attacker_\(A\) to acquire the secret key \(K\) stored with the \(USR\).
# Process Automation and Blockchain in Intelligence and Investigation Units: An Approach
## Appendix A  
A sample example of the system management layer blockchain network topology is presented in Figure 11. Due to the possibility of interaction not only between units or specialists in the same organization but between units that carry out similar activities in different organizations, the example consists of four specialized units (U1, U2, U3, and U4), where U1 and U2 belong to organization Org1, and U3 and U4 belong to organization Org2. All unities can communicate (access digital assets) with each other, but U1 and U2 also have needs for private communications within the Org1 network, as do U3 and U4 in Org2.  
Hyperledger Fabric was adopted in the development of the proposed design for being a comprehensive yet customizable open source framework for developing enterprise blockchain solutions. Another reason for the choice was because it is permissioned and offers the ability to create channels, work with smart contracts, as well as allow identity management, has efficient processing and chaincode functionality [45; 49; 59; 98].  
[PERSON] et al. [59] also pointed out that Hyperledger is adopted in different organizations and cases in more than 400 prototypes, proofs-of-concept, and production systems, and is, according to [PERSON] et al. [65], the most used enterprise permissioned blockchain project in production.  
To compose the blockchain network, each unity has pears nodes that maintain the state of the network, including a ledger copy (L1, L2, and L3) associated with the channels used (C1, C2, and C3) in the communications, and smart contracts (S).  
The network, under the control of unities U1 and U3, is governed by following the policy rules described and stored in the network configuration (NC). Each of the four organizations has a preferred certificate authority where are used for identification and access control.  
User applications (A1, A2, A3, and A4) connect with other participants through channels. A1 and A2 connect with C1 and C2, and A3 and A4 with C2 and C3.  
A channel is a secure primary communication mechanism by which confidentiality and data isolation can be provided. Channel C2 acts as a central channel communication and is under control (channel configuration policy CC2) of all participants. C1 and C3 are exclusive channels used for private and secure transactions to share confidential data directly without exposing them to all units.  
Policy rules dictate operations in Channel C1 (specified in channel configuration CC1 under control of U1 and U2), and C3 according to CC3 (under control of U3 and U4).  
The ordering service O1 is the node responsible for ordering transactions into blocks. Endorsed transactions are accepted, ordered into blocks, and delivered to committing peers. Although the illustration shows only one ordering service, more than one can be used.
## 1 Background and Introduction  
After the discovery of topological insulators (TIs) [1; 2; 3; 4; 5; 6; 7; 8], topological band theory was successfully generalized into condensed matter [9; 10; 11; 12]. In the last decade, the combination of topological band theory and symmetry in solids has led to different types of quantum topological states from insulators to semimetals [13; 14; 15; 16; 17; 18; 19; 20; 21; 22; 23; 24; 25; 26; 27; 28; 29; 30; 31; 32; 33; 34; 35; 36; 37; 38]. Depending on the topological charges and symmetries, different exotic topological surface states and bulk transport properties were theoretically predicted and experimentally observed. Owing to these attractive properties, a lot of effort has been devoted to the study of topological materials for the next generation of technological applications.  
The interplay between electromagnetic response theory and symmetry breaking is another crucial part for the understanding of transport properties in quantum materials. Materials with strong or quantum electromagnetic response have an extensive impact on the development of data storage, information processing, energy conversion, etc. Topological band structures characterized by band inversion, linear band crossings, and band anti-crossings with different topological charges can strongly enhance the electromagnetic responses, and even lead to quantized response effects in some special situations. Since the perturbation from external fields can change the symmetry of a system, the electromagnetic response effects also offer an effective way to manipulate the topological states and, in turn, to control the information processing.  
The electromagnetic response can be understood from the perturbation approximation with different orders of the perturbation series. In electrical transport, the higher order responses are normally much smaller than the linear response term. Therefore, most of the electromagnetic responses can be understood in the linear response region, especially the different types of the Hall effect in topological materials. However, in some special situations, the linear response term is forbidden by the symmetry of the system. Consequently, the higher order response effect will dominate in these cases, although the signal is normally very weak and not easy to detect experimentally. In this paper, we give a review of electromagnetic responses in topological materials in the linear response region.
## 4 Discussion
### Effects of Online HIIT on Body Composition and Abdominal Obesity  
There were significant differences in body fat, BMI, and visceral fat levels between participants of the two groups. This is consistent with previous findings that show that high-intensity exercise at 90% HRmax more effectively reduces body fat mass and visceral fat mass, compared with moderate-intensity continuous cycling in obese men and women [26], additionally, HIIT is more effective on protein synthesis and lipid metabolism than MICT [28]. [PERSON] et al. (2021) reported that HIIT is a highly effective and time-efficient weight control strategy for busy people in modern society [30]. Moreover, a combined aerobic and anaerobic training program online was reported to unarguably alleviate metabolic disorders, including diabetes mellitus, and participation in HIIT for 75 min a week to maintain an appropriate BMI was reported to lower COVID-19-related mortality [31]. Within group, participants of both the HIIT and MICT groups showed reductions in body weight, body fat mass, percent body fat, BMI, and visceral fat level after exercising. This supports the recommendations of the ACSM and CDC that point to the fact that 150 min of moderate intensity exercise every week prevents obesity and diabetes mellitus [3], and regular exercise boosts immune functions against viruses [32].  
There were significant differences in the changes in levels of abdominal fat between participants of the two groups, particularly in abdominal subcutaneous fat thickness,  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c c} \hline \hline  & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**MICT (\(n=8\))**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**HIIT (\(n=8\))**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Diff**} & \\ \cline{2-7}  & **Pre** & **Post** & **Pre** & **Post** & **z** & **\(p\)** & **Cohen’s d** \\ \hline
**PSS \({}^{*}\)** & 38.35 \(\pm\) 2.44 & 34.12 \(\pm\) 2.58 \({}^{\ddagger}\) & 34.62 \(\pm\) 2.26 & 28.87 \(\pm\) 2.85 \({}^{\ddagger}\) & \(-\)2.852 & 0.004 & 1.931 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular} Note. Values are presented as mean \(\pm\) SD (\(n=8\) per group). \({}^{*}p<0.05\) between groups. \({}^{\dagger}p<0.05\) from Pre and Post. HIIT: high-intensity interval training, MICT: moderate intensity continuous training, PSS: perceived stress scale.  
\end{table}
Table 7: Perceived stress scale in MICT and HIIT groups.  
Figure 4: Effect on stress according to exercise intensity. MICT: moderate-intensity continuous training, HIIT: high-intensity interval training, PSS: Perceived Stress Scale. Bars represent mean \(\pm\) SD (MICT: \(n=8\), HIIT: \(n=8\)). \({}^{*}p<0.05\) from Pre to Post. \({}^{\#}p<0.05\) change (post-pre) between groups. \({}^{\#}p<0.01\) change (post-pre) between groups.  
abdominal circumference, and hip circumference. This is in line with previous findings that show that HIIT reduces body fat mass and WHR in overweight and obese individuals and is substantially more effective in improving visceral fat compared to MICT [33; 34; 35]. Therefore, an online HIIT program would be effective in preventing abdominal obesity and improving cardiopulmonary and immune functions in sedentary women.
# Extended Reality: Types and Applications
## 3 Applications of Extended Reality
### Extended Reality and Its Usage
#### 3.1.1 Virtual Reality and Its Usage
Nowadays, mobile robots are universally used in various areas for transportation and combined transportation and manipulation applications. They are used to deliver goods in workshops and warehouses for automated parcel delivery. Recently, autonomous vehicles like trucks, cars, or buses have been classified as mobile robots generally. Today, it is possible to use automated transport in autonomous mode, like an automated subway or city bus. In house applications, there are robotic vacuum cleaners and robotic lawn mowers. This type of mobile robot is employed to clean the room floor or move the lawn when people are at work or relaxing. The method of mobile robot control using an XR headset can provide more information about the environment and robot sensors in real-time than a regular method. The method of virtual control room implementation for mobile legged robot control was tested and showed a better and faster feeling of space, which has a beneficial effect on the results for remote control [8]. There are developed tools that help create digital maps, useful for operator and robot navigation, as described in the paper [40]. During COVID-19 times, mobile robots were used in hospitals to watch the condition of patients and deliver food and medications. Public areas and volumes of public buildings were disinfected using all kinds of mobile robots carrying UV light sources, spray jets, and other tools. Some models were automatic, but most were controlled remotely. Some models used a virtual reality system for better orientation and interaction between the operator and the client [41]. * Military and Rescue Applications--Virtual reality technologies from games have found their application in training soldiers and rescue teams. Soldiers can conduct training using VR, simulating combat actions [20]. This technology is also relevant for rescuers, for example, for first aid training [42]. The use of bomb disposal robots and small reconnaissance robots helps ensure the safety of soldiers and rescuers for reconnaissance during a rescue operation or when checking suspicious objects for explosives. Adding slam systems to the robot and visualizing the collected data in VR can help the operator better understand the previously unknown situation and make better decisions [40]. In conclusion, virtual reality is an excellent method of visualizing virtual worlds, which allows learning, experimenting, and conducting simulations interactively and safely, even without experimental testing in real conditions. Figure 2: (**a**) Augmented reality and (**b**) virtual reality robot programming and simulation [11].
# Secured Real-Time Machine Communication Protocol
## 4 Vulnerability Analysis
### Comparison with PROFINET Security  
PROFINET Security, while effective for non-real-time tasks through TLS-based encryption and access control, lacks encryption for real-time (RT and IRT) communication, as it relies on layer 2 protocols. This limitation exposes real-time operations to vulnerabilities such as eavesdropping, MitM attacks, traffic analysis, and data tampering. In contrast, SRMCP provides end-to-end cryptographic protection across all communication phases, ensuring secure real-time operations without compromising performance.
## 4 Conclusions  
In this work, the physical structure and chemical properties of ozone-pretreated MWL and its effect on the adsorption of cellulase were investigated. The ozone pretreatment has demonstrated efficacy and has been observed to induce alterations in the structure of lignin macromolecules, leading to an increase in the carboxyl content of lignin and a decrease in the S/G ratio, thereby weakening its hydrophobicity. Additionally, the oxidation process enhanced the negative charge on the MWL surface, leading to an increase in the electrostatic repulsion between lignin and cellulase. Consequently, the interaction between lignin and cellulase has been weakened, resulting in a decrease of over 60% in both the adsorption  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c} \hline \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**Lignin**} & \multicolumn{4}{c}{**Lignin Samples**} \\ \cline{2-4}  & **MWL** & **OL60** & **OL120** \\ \hline M\({}_{\text{w}}\) (g/mol) & 8879 & 8959 & 9301 \\ M\({}_{\text{n}}\) (g/mol) & 4125 & 4051 & 4064 \\ PDI (M\({}_{\text{w}}\)/M\({}_{\text{n}}\)) & 2.15 & 2.21 & 2.29 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}
Table 6: Molecular weight of lignin samples before and after ozone pretreatment.  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c} \hline \hline \multicolumn{1}{c}{**Lignin Samples**} & \(\Gamma_{\text{max}}\) (mg/g) & K (mL/mg) & R (mL/g) & \(\mathbf{R^{2}}\) \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{Lignin} & MWL & 25.77 & 13.86 & 357.14 & 0.980 \\  & OL60 & 12.58 & 12.62 & 158.73 & 0.977 \\ \cline{1-1}  & OL120 & 10.09 & 10.11 & 102.04 & 0.958 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}
Table 7: Langmuir-adsorption-isotherm parameters derived from cellulase adsorption on lignin.  
capacity and binding strength of lignin to cellulase. This diminution resulted in a notable decrease in the inhibitory impact of lignin on cellulase hydrolysis, thereby overcoming the limitation imposed by the unproductive adsorption of lignin onto cellulase.  
C.Z.: Conceptualization, methodology, investigation, data curation, writing--original draft; L.Z.: supervision, writing--review and editing; W.L.: supervision; J.R.: supervision; H.W.: methodology, data curation; B.H.: supervision, writing--review, resources. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.  
This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 22008079).  
Not applicable.  
Data Availability Statement: Data are contained within the article.  
The authors declare no conflicts of interest.
###### Abstract  
Laser-generated structures have a huge potential to induce an alignment of biological cells, which may be important for various fields in medicine and biotechnology. We describe the formation of fs-laser-induced micro- and nanostructures for achieving the directed growth of Schwann cells, a type of glial cell that can support the regeneration of nerve pathways by guiding the neuronal axons in the direction of their alignment. Polymer surfaces, i.e., polycarbonate (PC) or cellulose acetate butyrate (CAB), were exposed to the beam of a 1040 nm Yb-based amplified fs-laser system with a pulse length of about 350 fs. With appropriate parameters, the laser exposure resulted in a surface topography with oriented micro-grooves, which, for PC, were covered with nano-ripples. Schwann cell growth on these substrates was inspected after 3 to 5 days of cultivation by means of scanning electron microscopy (SEM). We show that Schwann cells can grow in a certain direction, predetermined by micro-groove or nano-ripple orientation. In contrast, cells cultivated on randomly oriented nanofibers or unstructured surfaces show an omnidirectional growth behavior. This method may be used in the future to produce nerve conduits for the treatment of injuries to the peripheral nervous system.  
laser-induced periodic micro- and nano-structures; ultra-fast laser processing of polymers; polycarbonate; cellulose acetate butyrate; nerve regeneration; tissue engineering; Schwann cells +
Footnote †: journal: Applied sciences
# Numerical Study on the Pressure Relief Characteristics of a Large-Diameter Borehole
## 4 Results
### Effects of the Hole Depth on the Pressure Relief Effect
#### 4.2.2 Strain Energy Density Evolution Law  
The evolution law of strain energy density in the borehole coal under different hole depths is shown in Figure 9.  
It can be seen from Figure 9a that, when the hole depth was 3 m, the energy core in the coal at the borehole side was still large, indicating that the borehole had not crossed the energy core and could not release the elastic energy. When the hole was 5 m deep, the energy core obviously decreased and the accumulated energy was released. The depth of the hole was 5 m to 13 m, and with the increase in the hole depth, the energy release area extended to the deep area, which indicates that the hole depth determines the depth of the energy release. It can be seen from Figure 9b that, when the hole depth was 3 m, the energy peak value did not move to the deep area, and the peak value did not decrease,  
Figure 9: Energy release characteristics of the large-diameter borehole with different hole depths. (**a**) Evolution characteristics of the contour plot of strain energy density at different hole depths. (**b**) Evolution characteristics of the strain energy density curves with different hole depths.  
indicating that the hole depth was not great enough to release the energy of the energy core. When the hole depth was 5 m, the peak energy moved to the deep area, and the accumulated energy in the drilled coal decreased, which indicates that the accumulated energy in the coal can be effectively released when the hole depth is greater than the peak value. When the hole depth was 5 m to 11 m, with the increase in the hole depth, the peak value continuously moved to the deep area and decreased, and the energy in the borehole coal body remained unchanged after decreasing to a certain value, which indicates that the increase in the hole depth not only extends the energy release range, but also further improves the energy release effect. When the hole depth was more than 11 m (2.5\(L_{\text{P}}\)), the energy at the peak value basically remained unchanged, and the enhancement of the energy release effect through the hole depth reached its limit. Extending the hole depth will only extend the depth of the energy release zone.
# Quality Analysis of 3D Point Cloud Using Low-Cost Spherical Camera for Underpass Mapping
## 2 Materials and Methods
### 3D Reconstruction
#### 2.5.3 Absolute Orientation  
During the absolute orientation step, which involved bundle adjustment optimization and geo-referencing [29], all ground control points were imported into the software. Their corresponding locations were automatically marked on each image. The coordinate system and relative orientation of the sparse point clouds were updated using the provided control points. Three of the control points were unchecked based on having the least number of projections on images, which was used as a criterion for determining the correctness of the sparse point clouds (known as check points). Simultaneously, the coordinates were set on an ETRS89 UTM 32N (European Terrestrial Reference System 1989) verified with the control points projected on Open Street Map (Figure 1a). Finally, the points from the 2D images were projected onto a 3D point cloud using a dense matching algorithm [30].