## 2 Materials and Methods
### Experimental Set-Up
#### 2.1.2 Experimental Apparatus  
In this experiment, a typical heated-surface simulator in the fishing vessel's engine room was developed. The simulator mimics the high-temperature heated surface formed by typical equipment in the engine room, as shown in Figure 1. This heated-surface simulator has multiple functions, such as fast heating speed and high heating efficiency, and it can control the initial temperature of the heated surface and the real-time change temperature of output of the heated surface. It is mainly divided into two parts. One part is the surface of the heating table made of a titanium alloy material, and the shell is made of cold-rolled steel. The surface of the heating table was treated by electrostatic spraying, and there are heat dissipation holes on the side to ensure safety during the heating process. The other part is a man-made temperature controller. The main function of the temperature controller is to adjust the temperature of the heated surface, and it can be connected with a computer outside the laboratory in order to save the temperature data in real time. The heated-surface simulator in the engine room laboratory has an adjustable temperature range of 0 K to 1100 K with an accuracy of \(\pm\)1.0 K. The heated surface and temperature controller were connected with a power output line, and the outer layer of the connection line had a protective cover. Except the simulated typical heated-surface platform, no other open flame ignition device was set. A K-type thermocouple was arranged above the heated surface, as shown in Figure 1. In this experiment, the purpose of arranging thermocouples is to collect the temperature change in the vertical space after the leaked marine oil contacts the heated surface. The K-type thermocouple was fixed on a self-machining bracket. A total of 3 columns were arranged, and 10 K-type thermocouples were installed in each column. The K-type thermocouples were close to the liquid surface of the marine oil. When the heated-surface ignition occurs, a flame spreads to the position, and the thermocouple will produce a response of temperature rise. There are two ways to determine that the leaked marine oil is ignited by the heated surface: one is to calculate the temperature rise of the K-type thermocouples as the time scale, and the other is to use images collected by a high-speed camera and the distance scale (using the thermocouples as the distance scale). Two heat flow meters were placed near the heated-surface simulator in the fishing vessel engine room to measure radiative and convective heat flow with a maximum measurement of 100 kW/m\({}^{2}\). In this experiment, a high-precision electronic balance was used to measure the mass transient change of marine oil on the heated surface. An electronic balance was placed below the heated surface of the engine room to collect data on the mass loss of the leaked marine oil during ignition. The mass loss rate of the leaked marine oil is one of the significant indexes reflecting its combustion characteristics. The range of the electronic balance is from 0 g to 5000 g, and the measurement accuracy is 0.01 g. The electronic balance was preheated before the experiment and calibrated with standard weights. An observation port was opened on the side of the laboratory to capture the whole process of marine oil ignition by the heated surface. Because the heated-surface ignition moment is quite short, the high-speed camera was adopted for capturing up to 1000 fps images. In addition, a TP700 data acquisition instrument was used to communicate with Modbus, with a total of 64 channels. The data collected by the K-type thermocouples, high-speed camera, heat flow meter, and other equipment were transmitted to the data acquisition instrument outside the laboratory through the connection line. The measuring point information collected by the data acquisition instrument was then sent to the computer for recording and storage for analysis.