## 4 Control and Management
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Control** & **Author** & **Controlled** & **Technology** & **Purpose** & **Application** \\
**Methods/Strategy** & **Author** & **System** & **Technology** & **Purpose** & **Application** \\ \hline A normal control strategy based on a state of charge (SOC) & [12] & ICE & ER-ICE & Monitors the battery state of charge (SOC) & Reduce CO\({}_{2}\) emissions \\ \hline Automatic Mechanical Transmission (AMT) Shift control strategy & [43] & Regenerative braking & ER-RB & Identify the braking intention and transmission shifts correctly & Improve the braking energy recovery rate, and ensure the braking safety a stability \\ \hline Start-stop control strategy & [33] & ICE-Generator & ER-ICE & Reduce the start-stop times and running time & Fuel economy \\ \hline Adaptive power management strategy PMS & [18] & ICE & ER-ICE & Asses the battery SOC and vehicle speed & Improve energy savings, the fuel, and electrical consumption \\ \hline Method of quantitative estimation & [120] & Generator & ER-ICE & Optimize the design parameters aiming at the maximum efficiency in the continuos rated & Find maximum torque per ampere \\ \hline Charge-deplete-charge-sustain (CDCS) strategy & [15] & ICE-Generator & ER-ICE & Asses the battery SOC and vehicle speed & Energy efficiency, reduce energy consumption and reduce costs of operation \\ \hline Thermal management system to battery cooling strategy & [22] & Battery & ER-ICE & Quantify the heat generation sources and accurately predicting cell temperatures & Improve longevity, safety, and overall performance \\ \hline A data driving behavior predictive control strategy & [23] & Driving behavior & ER-ICE & Predict the EV power requests and optimize their control inputs & Improving the driving range and battery life while maintaining thermal comfort for the passengers \\ \hline Mixed-integer convex program & [37] & Powertrain & ER-ICE & Formulate an economic optimization & All the quantities to minimize are expressed as a monetary variable \\ \hline The convex optimal control problem & [36] & Powertrain & ER-ICE & Optimization over the entire driving cycle is computed offline & Achieve the best possible energy consumption. \\ \hline The optimal operation curve control strategy & [29] & ICE & ER-ICE & Research and control the vehicle required torque & Control the power allocation of APU and batteries to reduce fuel consumption and obtain good fuel economy \\ \hline Multi-objective & & & Propose a Global state of charge rapid planning & Achieve optimal fuel cell life \\ hierarchical prediction energy management strategy & [52] & Fuel cells & ER-FC & method based only on the expected driving distance & economy and energy consumption economy \\ \hline A novel energy-aware velocity planning & [32] & ICE & ER-ICE & Propose energy-aware velocity planning & Improve electric vehicle fuel efficiency \\ \hline Pseudospectral optimal control & [34] & APU & ER-ICE & Maintain engine speed constant is better for the dynamic characteristics & Different limits of the APU power changing rate significantly influence the fuel consumption \\ \hline Model predictive control & [121,122] & Powertrain & ER-ICE & Propose a computationally tractable model prediction control (MPC) & Prediction horizon so that energy consumption is minimized \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 2: Cont.