## 2 Problem Statement  
As already mentioned, dual-fed induction wind turbine generators require a sophisticated control system utilizing AC/DC converters and DC/AC inverters to manage the speed of the rotor, the wind power extracted, the reactive power generated by the DFIG, and the DC link voltage. By controlling these parameters, the control systems maintain proper currents and voltages through the generator, as well as the output lines of the generator and the grid side of the system. The grid-side and rotor-side converters, known as back-to-back converters in this application, are an essential part of any variable speed generator, as they allow for the electronic control of the rotor, which affects the frequency and power output by the wind turbine generator as well as direct control of the reactive power that will be generated due to the inductive nature of DFIGs [14]. The rotor-side converter, as the name implies, has direct control over the speed of the rotor, which directly affects the electronic torque of the wind turbine generator, as well as the overall active power output from the DFIG. The grid-side converter controls the DC-link voltage that exists between the two converters and allows for direct control of the reactive power present in the system. Due to these features, the torque and the active and reactive power control is decoupled, allowing for better controllability and power quality delivered to the interconnected power grid [14]. Figure 2 depicts the block diagram for the grid-side converter (GSC), and Figure 3 depicts the block diagram of the rotor-side converter (RSC). Equations (1)-(5) depict the mathematical modeling of the grid side converter current and voltage reference points, as well as the reactive power equation. Equation (6) depicts the modeling for the DC-link voltage. Equations (7)-(11) depict the mathematical model of the rotor side converter current and voltage reference points, as well as the active power equation. \[v_{ds}^{*}=r_{s}i_{ds}^{*}-\omega_{s}\lambda_{qs}+\frac{\lambda_{ds}}{dt} \tag{1}\]  
\[v_{qs}^{*}=r_{s}i_{qs}^{*}-\omega_{s}\lambda_{ds}+\frac{\lambda_{qs}}{dt} \tag{2}\]  
\[i_{ds}^{*}=\frac{v_{qs}^{*}+\omega_{s}\lambda_{qs}-\frac{\lambda_{ds}}{dt}}{r_{ s}} \tag{3}\]  
\[i_{qs}^{*}=\frac{v_{qs}^{*}+\omega_{s}\lambda_{qs}-\frac{\lambda_{ds}}{dt}}{r_ {s}} \tag{4}\]  
\[Q=v_{ds}i_{ds}-v_{qs}i_{qs}+v_{dr}i_{dr}-v_{qr}i_{qr} \tag{5}\]  
\[C\frac{du_{dc}}{dt}=d_{d}i_{d}+d_{b}i_{b}+d_{c}i_{c} \tag{6}\]  
In this paper, both converters are voltage source converters (VSC) utilizing insulated gate bipolar transistor (IGBT)/ diode-based converters, in which a series of gates and diodes control the flow of electricity, depending on the duty cycle (D) or modulation index. In the  
Figure 3: Rotor-side converter block diagram. Figure 2: Grid-side converter block diagram. simulation, two voltage-fed pulse width-modulated (PWM) converters are wired to the rotor and stator circuits, which connect the slip ring terminals to the AC supply network electrically [14]. This allows for the direct control of both the magnitude and direction of the power flow between the rotor circuit and the supply side. The grid-side converter is known as an inverter, as it inverts the DC-link voltage to AC voltage. \[i^{*}_{dr}=\frac{-\omega_{s}L_{ss}i^{*}_{ds}-R_{s}i^{*}_{qs}+v_{qs}}{\omega_{s} L_{m}} \tag{7}\]  
\[i^{*}_{qr}=\frac{R_{s}i^{*}_{ds}-\omega_{s}L_{ss}i^{*}_{qs}-v_{ds}}{\omega_{s} L_{m}} \tag{8}\]  
\[v_{qs}^{*}=r_{s}i_{qs}^{*}-\omega_{s}\lambda_{ds}+\frac{\lambda_{qs}}{dt} \tag{2}\]0  
\[v_{qs}^{*}=r_{s}i_{qs}^{*}-\omega_{s}\lambda_{ds}+\frac{\lambda_{qs}}{dt} \tag{2}\]1  
\[v_{qs}^{*}=r_{s}i_{qs}^{*}-\omega_{s}\lambda_{ds}+\frac{\lambda_{qs}}{dt} \tag{2}\]2  
Figure 4 shows a DFIG-based wind farm model including the above-mentioned grid-side converter and rotor-side converter with cyber attack points. As shown in Figure 4, a SCADA system maintains bidirectional communication with the GSC and RSC of the DFIG system.