# Evacuation Management System for Major Disasters
## 3 EMS Platform  
The EMS was developed using the Microsoft.NET Framework 4.6.1 where models and algorithms are represented in several classes. A set of libraries (ESRI ArcGIS, RestSharp and BruTile) were also used for the Graphical User Interface and other components that are focused on the interaction with external service interfaces. The EMS architecture follows a client-server approach with the GUI on the client side and other modules operating on the server side, providing an API REST interface that is able to integrate data from external services, which provides damage asset identification and also integrates the provided results into other legacy systems (Figure 5). The EMS comprises the following components:  
* Graphical User Interface (GUI): It allows the user/operator to manage the active evacuations via the Geographical Information System (GIS), providing an intuitive and visual interface that shows the real-time status of the evacuation process. The user/operator can modify/update the situation and re-simulate the evacuation to explore alternative strategies. * Assembly Points Model (APM): This model processes the GIS information of the selected evacuation area (e.g., neighbourhood, urban area, village, town, etc.) and generates a set of assembly points by considering the population distribution, the points of interest/reference within the evacuation area, and the distances pedestrians are likely to cover by foot [23]. * Shelter Points Model (SPM): This model takes active evacuations as the input, damaged assets, and the spatiotemporal evolution of the hazard (e.g., toxic plumes) to provide a set of feasible shelters located at the required distance, far from dangerous areas. It should be noted that the user/operator can assign other shelters as destination points of the evacuation. * Routing Model (RM): This model uses a local dedicated service to provide a routing plan by ensuring a uniform allocation of evacuees in the shelters. In addition, this model deals with the likely interactions between routes (i.e., road section used by more than a route or distribution of vehicles in an intersection). * Pedestrian Simulation Model (PSM): This model simulates both the decision to respond and the movement on foot of pedestrians at the local/individual level. The main output is the number of individuals entering the vehicular model over time at a given assembly point. * Vehicular Simulation Model (VSM): This model simulates the vehicular stage in the evacuation process in order to obtain estimated route parameters (i.e., traffic density or average speed) and the number of vehicles/individuals evacuated to a given shelter over time. Unfortunately, the information of the evacuation times was not registered. To test the performance of the EMS in terms of simulation times, the four use cases belonging to the Gran Canaria case study were used. The number of routes, assembly points, shelters, number of evacuees and the number of interactions between road sections vary, allowing the identification of the critical variables that affect the performance of the system. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c} \hline \hline \multicolumn{1}{c}{**Municipality**} & **Evacuation Start Date** & **Urban Area** & **Evacuees** & **Shelter Location** & **Shelter Building** \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{Agaete} & \multirow{4}{*}{18 August 2019} & El Risco & & & \\ \cline{3-5}  & & El Valle Norte & & & \\ \cline{3-5}  & & El Valle Centro & & & \\ \cline{3-5}  & & El Valle Sur & & & \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{Artenara} & \multirow{4}{*}{10 August 2019} & Artenara & & & \\ \cline{3-5}  & & Las Cuevas & & & \\ \cline{3-5}  & & Las Arbejas & & & \\ \cline{3-5}  & & Acusa Verde & & & \\ \cline{3-5}  & & Coruña & & & \\ \cline{3-5}  & & Candelaria & & & \\ \cline{3-5}  & & Lugarejos & & & \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{Santa Maria de Guia} & \multirow{2}{*}{17 August 2019} & Barranco del Pinar & & & \\ \cline{3-5}  & & Marente & & & \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 2: Use case evacuation details.