## 1 Introduction  
The ceramic materials can be generally used in various fields because of excellent chemical and physical properties [1; 2; 3]. Aluminum oxide is an ideal material due to its inherent high hardness and excellent thermal stability [4; 5; 6]. Currently, aluminum oxide-based ceramic materials are broadly used in cutting tool molds, sealing rings and various high temperature engine parts [7; 8; 9]. However, the low-fracture toughness and the brittleness contribute to the aluminum oxide-based ceramic risk of being easily chipped in the course of processing, which seriously influences the cutting performance of the ceramic tool material [10; 11; 12]. The self-lubricating ceramic tool materials with excellent mechanical properties and friction properties have always been people's pursuit goal. To acquire the ceramic material with excellent mechanical properties, many scholars have studied gradient design and layered design [13; 14; 15]. [PERSON] [16] prepared the gradient composite Al-7 Si-5 Cu/Al\({}_{2}\)O\({}_{3}\). The flexural strength of the material increased significantly. [PERSON] [17] studied the deposition of SiC layers on SiO\({}_{2}\) and diamond powders. The result showed that the formation of the microstructure enhanced the mechanical properties. [PERSON] [18] prepared mullite using Al\({}_{2}\)O\({}_{3}\) powders and coated SiO\({}_{2}\)@SiC powders. The mechanical properties were better than without whisker. The surface modification technology can effectively enhance the mechanical properties of the ceramic materials, and the preparation is becoming more and more mature, which has become the first choice of many scientists. At present, strengthening the toughness of the ceramic tool material with fiber (including whisker) is an effective means [19; 20; 21; 22]. [PERSON] [23] prepared an Al\({}_{2}\)O\({}_{3}\) membrane by introducing ZrO\({}_{2}\) fiber. Compared with the sample of unadded ZrO\({}_{2}\) fiber, the addition of ZrO\({}_{2}\) fiber increased the flexural strength of the material. [PERSON] [24] investigated multi-walked carbon nanotubes to optimize the carbon fiber-reinforced ZrB\({}_{2}\)-based ceramic material. The fracture toughness was 7.0 \(\pm\) 0.4 MPa\(\cdot\)m\({}^{1/2}\), 1.6 times the value of the ceramic without the multi-walked carbon nanotubes. [PERSON] [25] prepared the Al\({}_{2}\)O\({}_{3}\)/MgAl\({}_{2}\)O\({}_{4}\)/ZrO\({}_{2}\) ternary eutectic ceramic. The ZrO\({}_{2}\) phase acted as a whisker in the ceramic. The fracture toughness reached 6.1 MPa\(\cdot\)m\({}^{1/2}\), 1.7 times the value of the pre-sintered ceramic. The ZrO\({}_{2}\) has an extremely special phase transition toughening [26; 27; 28]. The Al\({}_{2}\)O\({}_{3}\)/ZrO\({}_{2}\)/CeO\({}_{2}\) composites were processed in his research [29]. The transformation of m-ZrO\({}_{2}\) into t-ZrO\({}_{2}\) resulted in the toughening of the Al\({}_{2}\)O\({}_{3}\) composite. [PERSON] [30] prepared the Al\({}_{2}\)O\({}_{3}\)-ZrO\({}_{2}\) (Y\({}_{2}\)O\({}_{3}\)) powders with different Y\({}_{2}\)O\({}_{3}\) addition. The additional Y\({}_{2}\)O\({}_{3}\) phase contributed to the abundance of ZrO\({}_{2}\) polymorphs in the powders. The phase transition of ZrO\({}_{2}\) significantly enhances the mechanical properties of the ceramics. The ceramic tool materials with lubricant have also been extensively studied. [PERSON] [31] prepared Al\({}_{2}\)O\({}_{3}\)/TiC/CaF\({}_{2}\) self-lubricating ceramic material. The fracture toughness increased by 5.9%. [PERSON] [32] prepared Al\({}_{2}\)O\({}_{3}\)/(W,Ti)C ceramic material added with h-BN@Ni powders. The friction coefficient and wear rate were both less than the Al\({}_{2}\)O\({}_{3}\)/(W,Ti)C/h-BN ceramic materials. [PERSON] [33] prepared the self-lubricating tool with SiO\({}_{2}\)-coated h-BN. The flexural strength and fracture toughness were obviously improved. The reasonable addition of lubricant can improve the mechanical properties and friction properties.