# Advanced Strategies for Mitigating Particulate Matter Generations in Poultry Houses
## 6 Particulate Matter Emission Mitigating Strategies
### Scrubbers  
Scrubbers effectively remove air pollutants from poultry housing (Table 12). Scrubbers help remove airborne dust, bacteria, NH\({}_{3}\), and even CO\({}_{2}\) with the help of a multi-stage air scrubber design [132,133]. According to [PERSON] et al. (2011), three acid scrubbers (double-stage scrubber with filter, double-stage scrubber with a biofiliter, and triple-stage scrubber) used in the experiment reduced PM\({}_{10}\) by 61-93% and PM\({}_{2.5}\) by 47-90% [133]. The double-stage acid scrubber reduced dust levels significantly higher than the triple-stage acid scrubber. Along with PM reduction, this multi-stage acid scrubber significantly reduced airborne total bacteria concentration from 46% to 85%. A scrubber can decrease the total dust emissions and airborne bacteria concentration by up to 88% and 85%, respectively.  
### Scrubbers  
Scrubbers effectively remove air pollutants from poultry housing (Table 12). Scrubbers help remove airborne dust, bacteria, NH\({}_{3}\), and even CO\({}_{2}\) with the help of a multi-stage air scrubber design [132,133]. According to [PERSON] et al. (2011), three acid scrubbers (double-stage scrubber with filter, double-stage scrubber with a biofiliter, and triple-stage scrubber) used in the experiment reduced PM\({}_{10}\) by 61-93% and PM\({}_{2.5}\) by 47-90% [133]. The double-stage acid scrubber reduced dust levels significantly higher than the triple-stage acid scrubber. Along with PM reduction, this multi-stage acid scrubber significantly reduced airborne total bacteria concentration from 46% to 85%. A scrubber can decrease the total dust emissions and airborne bacteria concentration by up to 88% and 85%, respectively.  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Scrubbers** & **PM\({}_{2.5}\) (\%)** & **PM\({}_{10}\) (\%)** & **TSP (\%)** &
\begin{tabular}{c} **Airborne Total** \\ **Bacteria (\%)** \\ \end{tabular} & **References** \\ \hline Electrostatic spray wet scrubber & 85–88 & 85–94 & N/A & N/A & [134] \\ \hline Chemical (90\% NH\({}_{3}\) reduction) Air scrubber & 28 & 33 & N/A & N/A & [135] \\ \hline Chemical (70\% NH\({}_{3}\) reduction) Air scrubber & 33 & 41 & N/A & N/A & [135] \\ \hline Multiple pollutants scrubber & 42 & 43 & N/A & N/A & [132] \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}
Table 12: Particulate matter and airborne bacteria reduction using scrubbers.  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Bedding Material** & **PM Sizes** & **PM Reduction (\%)** & **References** \\ \hline  & & & 19\%, but & \\ Silage maize & & No significant & \\ Wood shaving & PM\({}_{2.5}\)\({}^{*}\) & difference between & \\ Wheat straw & & wood shaving, wheat & \\ Rapeseed straw & & straw, and rapeseed & \\ \hline chopped straw & & & \\ gravel & & 19–64\% reduction by & \\ peat & Total dust & clay pellets and peat & \\ wood shaving & & compared to other & \\ chopped paper & & & \\ clay pellets & & & \\ \hline Wheat straw & & & \\ Clover straw & & & \\ Cornstalk chip & & No significant & \\ Sugarcane top chips & Airborne dust & difference between & \\ chopped palm spines & & materials & \\ Corn ear husks & & & \\ \hline Compost & & 61\% (straw) and 63\% & \\ Straw & Total dust & (sawdust) than & [59] \\ Sawdust & & compost & \\ \hline chopped hay & & & \\ chopped straw & Total dust & Significant effects & [131] \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular} \({}^{*}\) in comparison to Silage maize.  
\end{table}
Table 11: Particulate matter reduction by using different kinds of bedding materials.