# Authentication of a Painting by [PERSON] Using Modern Multi-Analytical Methods
## 3 Results and Discussions
### Analysis of Painting Materials
Instead, the second chemometric characteristic related only to the degree of carbonation (Zn/C ratio), for the same colors, varies: between 0.014 (W5) and 2.4 (W1 and W4) for white; between 0.1 (B4) and 7.5 (B2) in blue; between 0.17 (R2.3) and 0.021 (R2.2) in red and between 0.017 and 0.02 in yellow. Of the four colors evaluated chemometrically from the SEM-EDX analysis data, only white is the most strongly influenced in time by the factors and agents in the storage environment, having a weak basic and inert redox character, susceptible to carbonation and sulfation hydration processes, while the other colors give both carbonation and sulfation processes, but also redox and complexation processes, the first of these being very weak. For all four colors, the evolution rate of the chemometric characteristics corresponds to an age of about 130 years, having special value in archaeometric evaluations. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c c c} \hline \hline \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Sample/**} & \multicolumn{8}{c}{**Chemometric Characteristic**} \\ \cline{3-10} \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Area**} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{**Si/Al**} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{**C/O**} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{**C/S**} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{**S/O**} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{**Zn/O**} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{**Zn/C**} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{**Zn/S**} \\ \hline \multirow{8}{*}{W} & W1 & - & 0.342 & 71.172 & 0.005 & 0.303 & 0.886 & 63.034 \\ \cline{2-10}  & W2 & - & 0.278 & 18.839 & 0.015 & 0.396 & 1.424 & 26.828 \\ \cline{2-10}  & W3 & - & 0.408 & 38.967 & 0.010 & 0.320 & 0.785 & 30.600 \\ \cline{2-10}  & W4 & - & - & - & 0.007 & 0.461 & - & 67.935 \\ \cline{2-10}  & W5 & 1.212 & 0.159 & 1.472 & 0.108 & 0.041 & 0.255 & 0.375 \\ \hline \multirow{8}{*}{B} & B0 & 1.176 & 0.150 & 1.481 & 0.101 & 0.008 & 0.053 & 0.078 \\ \cline{2-10}  & B1 & 0.139 & 0.324 & 4.568 & 0.071 & 0.022 & 0.069 & 0.315 \\ \cline{2-10}  & B2 & 0.074 & 0.267 & 3.349 & 0.080 & 0.106 & 0.397 & 1.331 \\ \cline{2-10}  & B3 & 1.283 & 0.525 & 68.043 & 0.008 & - & - & - \\ \cline{2-10}  & B4 & 1.057 & 0.512 & 116.000 & 0.004 & 0.003 & 0.005 & 0.607 \\ \cline{2-10}  & B5 & 2.621 & 0.529 & 48.818 & 0.011 & 0.017 & 0.032 & 1.561 \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{R1} & R1.1 & 2.514 & 0.325 & 6.830 & 0.048 & - & - & - \\ \cline{2-10}  & R1.2 & 1.019 & 0.495 & 87.444 & 0.006 & - & - & - \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{R2} & R2.1 & 2.174 & 0.223 & 6.743 & 0.033 & - & - & - \\ \cline{2-10}  & R2.2 & 0.529 & 0.228 & 4.493 & 0.051 & 0.005 & 0.021 & 0.093 \\ \cline{2-10}  & R2.3 & 2.161 & 0.231 & 4.408 & 0.052 & 0.004 & 0.017 & 0.073 \\ \hline Y & Y & 0.109 & 0.271 & 5.308 & 0.051 & 0.005 & 0.017 & 0.092 \\ \hline V & V & 1.100 & 0.434 & - & - & - & - & - \\ \hline S & S & 1.000 & 0.376 & 100.423 & 0.004 & - & - & - \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 3: Evaluation of chemometric characteristics, with archaeometric function. For the pressed cardboard support (S), there is also a good correlation between the archaeometric characteristics (the fragility of cellulose fibers and the binder) and the chemometric ones (the thickness of the fouled surface structures, between 100 and 300 \(\upmu\)m). The two characteristics correspond to an interval of about 130 years, based on the evolution over time of the Al/Si and C/O modules.