## 2 Materials and Methods
### Materials  
The VR Goalkeeper taskThe VR Goalkeeper task is an immersive VR task in which users adopt the role of a goalkeeper in soccer whose task is to block with his/her hands a specified type of target balls and let go all others types of balls (Figure 1). The task was selected from the set of drills included in the prototype version of the VkeepR app made available by MentisVR Ltd. (www.mentis-VR.com, (accessed on 4 October 2021)). By donning a VR head-mounted-display (HMD), users are immersed in a soccer pitch at a standing position between the goal posts. Body and hand movements are tracked with 6 degrees-of-freedom so that users can move in the virtual environment and block the balls by extending their arms. Handheld controllers that appear as goalkeeper gloves in the virtual environment serve to simulate arm movement. The task used involves 4 different types of balls--red and green footballs and red and green volleyballs--that are shot by a common positioned at some distance outside the penalty area, straight ahead from the goalkeeper. For each participant, one of the four types of balls is set as the target type that must be blocked while the other 3 types are distractors that should not be responded to. Thus, the task aligns with the Go/No-Go paradigm in which responses are made to certain stimuli but not to others. Following extensive pilot testing, the speed, frequency, and landing positions of the balls at the goalposts were set to levels that made the task physically comfortable for participants. Participants were instructed to carry out the task by moving only their arms and avoid moving their body away from the initial standing position between the goalposts. The Attention Network Test (ANT)Participants completed the adult version of the Attention Network Test [13] on a desktop computer. Each trial in the ANT entails the presentation of a central arrow on the screen and requires participants to click the left or right mouse button to indicate the arrow's pointing direction (Figure 2). Four flanker arrows are also presented, two on each side of the central arrow, pointing to the same or different direction, creating thus trials that are congruent or incongruent. Neutral trials in which the central arrow is flanked by lines without an arrow cap are also included. Furthermore, in each trial, the array of arrows is presented either above or below the center of the screen that is marked with a fixation cross. Trials begin with the presentation of the fixation cross alone for a variable duration (100, 400, or 1700 ms) followed by a warning type display presented for 200 ms. Depending on the condition, a different type of warning cue is presented. In trials with spatial cues, an asterisk is displayed either above or below the fixation to orient attention to where the arrow array may appear. In the standard version of the ANT used here, spatial cues were always valid. In central cue trials, the asterisk is presented on top of the fixation to alert participants for the upcoming arrow array without moving attention away from fixation. In double cue trials, two asterisks are presented, one above and the other below the fixation. Like central cues, double cues provide alerting information. However, they divide attention to the two possible locations in which the arrow array could appear. Finally, trials in which no cue is presented were included. The combination of different warning cue conditions and flanker type conditions allows computing the distinct attentional networks (details on the network computations are presented in Section 2.5). For the present study, we adapted the ANT task to the OpenSesame software [35]. Stimuli, sizes, positioning, and timing were identical to the original task (the OpenSesame version of the task we developed is freely available on our OSF depository: DOI 10.17605/OSF.IO/FPMN3). Figure 1: Game play screenshot of the VR Goalkeeper task with the four types of balls used. _Whack-a-Mole task._ This is a computerized Go/No-Go task that evaluates response inhibition [36].