Systematic Approaches and Analyses on Voltage Uprating of 132 kV Transmission Lines: A Case Study in Malaysia  
[PERSON]  
1 Institute of Power Engineering (IPE), Universiti Tenaga National (UNITEN), Kajang 43000, Malaysia;  
[EMAIL_ADDRESS] (A.M.A. ); [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (M.O. ); [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (M.S.A.R. );  
[PERSON]_ADDRESS] (N.M.Z.) [PERSON]  
2 Advanced Lightning, Power and Energy Research Centre (ALPER), Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM),  
Serdang 43400, Malaysia; [EMAIL_ADDRESS]  
[PERSON]  
1 Institute of Power Engineering (IPE), Universiti Tenaga National (UNITEN), Kajang 43000, Malaysia;  
[EMAIL_ADDRESS] (A.M.A. ); [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (M.O. ); [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (M.S.A.R. );  
[PERSON]_ADDRESS] (N.M.Z.) [PERSON]  
1 Institute of Power Engineering (IPE), Universiti Tenaga National (UNITEN), Kajang 43000, Malaysia;  
[EMAIL_ADDRESS] (A.M.A. ); [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (M.O. ); [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (M.S.A.R. );  
[PERSON]_ADDRESS] (N.M.Z.) [PERSON]  
1 Institute of Power Engineering (IPE), Universiti Tenaga National (UNITEN), Kajang 43000, Malaysia;  
[EMAIL_ADDRESS] (A.M.A. ); [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (M.O. ); [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (M.S.A.R. );  
[PERSON]_ADDRESS] (N.M.Z.) [PERSON]  
1 Institute of Power Engineering (IPE), Universiti Tenaga National (UNITEN), Kajang 43000, Malaysia;  
[EMAIL_ADDRESS] (A.M.A. ); [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (M.O. ); [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (M.S.A.R. );  
[PERSON]_ADDRESS] (N.M.Z.) Footnote 1: [[https://www.mdpi.com/journal/applsci](https://www.mdpi.com/journal/applsci)]([https://www.mdpi.com/journal/applsci](https://www.mdpi.com/journal/applsci))  
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Therefore, increased utilisation of existing transmission lines is of interest to electric utility operators throughout the world in order to accommodate the increasing electricity demand. According to [10], there are several options of asset management decision to increase utilisation of existing transmission lines such as uprating, upgrading, refurbishment, or life expansion and expansion. In recent years, various studies have been carried out to increase the power transfer capability with the uprating options. Uprating is known as increasing the electrical characteristics of a transmission line due to higher electrical capacity [10]. There are several uprating methods that have been implemented around the world by either increasing the current carrying of its conductor or by increasing its operating voltage level [11; 12]. The uprating methods are, namely, current and voltage uprating. According to Conseil International des Grands Reseaux Electriques (CIGRE) Technical Brochure 353 reveals that the current uprating techniques include installing higher capacity of conductors, additional conductors, active line rating systems, increasing conductor tension, adopting probabilistic ratings, and redesigning high surge impedance, meanwhile, voltage uprating techniques include, for instance, increasing electrical strength and conductor attachments [10]. A previous study in [13] revealed that the voltage uprating significantly delivered much higher power transfer due to the reduction of electrical losses rather than current uprating. Voltage uprating is one of the most effective solutions and strategic approaches to asset management decisions. It could be completed at substantially less cost than the new development of transmission lines, and it is considered to have a shorter lead time [13]. In previous work [14], multiple techniques have been used to uprate the existing 41.6 kV sub-transmission lines to 115 kV with minor modifications, such as re-insulation, reconductoring, midspan spacer, and a pole-top bracket for centre phase installations in order to resolve technical issues (i.e., electrical clearance requirement). A previous study on voltage uprating of 275 kV existing transmission line revealed that the modification of phase assembly insulation fulfilled electrical clearances of the 400 kV line and its transmission line ready before the peak winter demands [15].