# A Blockchain Solution for Remote Sensing Data Management Model
## 2 Problem Description
### Research on Data Storage Architecture of Blockchains
In some research, the constructed multiple blockchains are called a multi-chain structure, and rely on the multi-chain structure to solve problems that cannot be solved by one blockchain; that is, scaling, data sharing, security, etc. Polkadot [29] is a famous heterogeneous multi-chain framework, which is a system comprising a relay chain connecting multiple parallel chains, where the relay chain is responsible for consistency, and the parallel chain is responsible for validity. A multichain [30] implements multiple private chains running simultaneously, but the chains are isolated and independent from each other. A parallel blockchain [31], proposed by [PERSON] and [PERSON], is also a multi-chain structure that relies on the approach of parallel intelligence theory combined with blockchain technology to add practical computing power and more decision-making capability to the blockchain. [PERSON] et al. [32] proposed a new blockchain, \"Beihang Chain\", that combines an account blockchain (ABC) and transaction blockchain (TBC). [PERSON] [33] and others proposed a user blockchain, transaction blockchain, and agricultural information chain. The architectural form of the blockchain has become more and more flexible, and more suitable for each application. However, the existing multi-chain structure is not very good in terms of the consensus efficiency and transaction throughput, and it is not suitable for the storage of large data. As the amount of file storage increases, the storage cost will also become more and more expensive. Moreover, the traditional blockchain combined with the centralized cloud storage platform data storage scheme has the risk of overstepping and tampering with the cloud storage platform. In this context, the Interplanetary File System (IPFS), a peer-to-peer network for storing and sharing data in a distributed file system, was born. The network uses content addressing to uniquely identify each file, a feature that is well-suited to distributed data storage. Therefore, many studies [34; 35; 36] use IPFS as the underlying data storage, in combination with a blockchain, to achieve the effect of storing shared big data in blockchain, to reduce the storage burden on the blockchain. At present, in blockchain-based data management, most of the researches mainly focus on a single-chain structure, with which it is difficult to reach an effective balance between consensus efficiency, security, and cost. In particular, the research in the field of remote sensing does not make full use of the features of public, federated, and private chains according to the characteristics of the remote sensing industry. Meanwhile, the data throughput of a single-chain structure is low, and far from sufficient to support diverse remote sensing applications. Therefore, it is necessary to break through the blockchain performance constraint and propose a new blockchain structure, to support the on-chain demand of diversified remote sensing industries. In summary, the application of blockchain technology in the field of geosciences is still in the nascent stage, mainly focusing on the exploration of applications in data copyright and data encryption, etc. These explorations show that the introduction of blockchain technology to the process of geosciences data sharing, to solve certain sharing problems, has good application prospects. However, the research on using blockchain technology for remote sensing data sharing is still extremely limited, and most studies are still in the exploration stage. In view of the above challenges, this study proposes using blockchain technology to overcome the challenges in data tampering detection, process documentation, process accuracy assessment, and privacy protection.