## 1 Introduction  
Phosphorus (P) is an important nutrient essential for the growth, development, and reproduction of plants and soil microorganisms, and plays a key role in basic metabolic processes, including substance synthesis, energy metabolism, and the maintenance of cellular structure and function [1]. The existence of different soil types leads to differences in the basic properties of soil, which affect the content of P in soil [2]. In addition, soil P content is also affected by the structure and function of soil microbial community. Among them, phosphorus-functional microorganisms play a key role in soil phosphorus metabolism, whose main metabolic processes include six pathways: regulation, transport, inorganic phosphorus solubilization, organic phosphorus mineralization, polyphosphate synthesis, and degradation [3]. Previous studies have shown that the structure and function of soil phosphorus-functional microorganisms are comprehensively affected by many factors such as soil environmental factors, plant species, and fertilizer management [2,4]. Phosphorus-functional microorganisms in soil participate in the transformation and utilization of P through a variety of mechanisms, and then affect the absorption and growth of P by plants [5]. These microorganisms reflect the availability of soil P and the P nutritional status of plants in the process of P mineralization, fixation, dissolution, and absorption [6]. Therefore, understanding the activities of soil phosphorus-functional microorganisms have profound implications for agricultural production, as well as for enhancing the understanding of ecosystem nutrient cycling and environmental health. The widely distributed Moso (_Phyllostachys sdulis_) ecosystem in subtropical areas is native to China and has been extensively introduced to southern Japan [7]. It has important ecological value in carbon sink function and soil and water conservation due to its rapid growth characteristics [8]. Under the framework of economic cooperation, the regeneration characteristics of bamboo can achieve high fiber yield, thus providing significant economic value [9]. On the other hand, under the multi-dimensional substitution effect and systematic trade-off, cash crops can maintain both economic gain and ecological sustainability through short-cycle returns and scientific management. Driven by economic interests, the large-scale conversion of Moso forests to tea plantations, orchards, and other economic crops is becoming increasingly common. But bamboo forests still have irreplaceable ecological and economic necessity [10]. Studies have shown that changes in land use type can significantly change soil physical and chemical properties and microbial community composition [11]. For example, [PERSON] et al. [12] found that soil P cycling can be regulated by changing land use type and management levels, but there is still a lack of systematic research on the mechanisms through which bamboo forest replanting influence phosphorus-functional microorganisms. At present, research on phosphorus-functional microorganisms is mostly focused on farmland or forest systems [13,14], while attention to the conversion of bamboo forest ecosystems remains relatively insufficient. In particular, differences in fertilization management and root exud during the cultivation of cash crops may exert specific selective pressure on host microorganisms responsible for phosphorus metabolism, influencing functional genes such as _phoD_ and _phoX_ by changing key factors such as soil pH and organic matter content [15, 16, 17]. Such changes in community structure may break the original balance of P cycling and affect the sustainable productivity of soil. Therefore, understanding the responses of phosphorus-functional microbial communities under different cropping patterns is of great scientific significance for guiding the rational use of land resources in subtropical regions.