## 3 Results and Discussion
### Phenolic Content Estimation Assays (TPC, TTC, TCT)
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{l c c c c} \hline \hline  & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Femented Coffee Bean**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Unfermented Coffee Bean**} \\ \cline{2-5}  & **Geisha** & **Bourbon** & **Geisha** & **Bourbon** \\ \hline \multicolumn{5}{c}{**Free Phenolic**} \\ \hline TPC (mg GAE/g) & 33.52 \(\pm\) 2.31 \({}^{\text{a}}\) & 29.95 \(\pm\) 1.75 \({}^{\text{b}}\) & 29.19 \(\pm\) 0.74 \({}^{\text{abc}}\) & 23.82 \(\pm\) 0.81 \({}^{\text{c}}\) \\ TFC (mg QE/g) & 0.42 \(\pm\) 0.07 \({}^{\text{a}}\) & 0.35 \(\pm\) 0.06 \({}^{\text{ab}}\) & 0.35 \(\pm\) 0.08 \({}^{\text{ab}}\) & 0.25 \(\pm\) 0.08 \({}^{\text{b}}\) \\ TCT (mg CE/g) & 3.49 \(\pm\) 0.38 \({}^{\text{a}}\) & 3.18 \(\pm\) 0.23 \({}^{\text{a}}\) & 4.91 \(\pm\) 0.74 \({}^{\text{b}}\) & 4.45 \(\pm\) 0.81 \({}^{\text{b}}\) \\ DPPH (mg TE/g) & 116.79 \(\pm\) 0.55 \({}^{\text{a}}\) & 91.34 \(\pm\) 0.23 \({}^{\text{b}}\) & 32.81 \(\pm\) 2.97 \({}^{\text{c}}\) & 32.68 \(\pm\) 3.20 \({}^{\text{c}}\) \\ FRAP (mg TE/g) & 110.06 \(\pm\) 0.55 \({}^{\text{a}}\) & 86.83 \(\pm\) 1.97 \({}^{\text{b}}\) & 62.39 \(\pm\) 4.95 \({}^{\text{c}}\) & 30.99 \(\pm\) 0.16 \({}^{\text{d}}\) \\ ABTS (mg TE/g) & 285.45 \(\pm\) 1.77 \({}^{\text{a}}\) & 266.61 \(\pm\) 3.84 \({}^{\text{a}}\) & 144.41 \(\pm\) 1.94 \({}^{\text{b}}\) & 256.27 \(\pm\) 1.06 \({}^{\text{ab}}\) \\ OH-RSA (mg TE/g) & 255.08 \(\pm\) 3.91 \({}^{\text{a}}\) & 279.66 \(\pm\) 1.18 \({}^{\text{a}}\) & 230.51 \(\pm\) 3.35 \({}^{\text{ab}}\) & 196.61 \(\pm\) 4.82 \({}^{\text{b}}\) \\ FICA (mg EE/g) & 0.79 \(\pm\) 0.13 \({}^{\text{a}}\) & 0.77 \(\pm\) 0.42 \({}^{\text{a}}\) & 0.68 \(\pm\) 0.10 \({}^{\text{ab}}\) & 0.63 \(\pm\) 0.29 \({}^{\text{b}}\) \\ RPA (mg TE/g) & 45.37 \(\pm\) 0.61 \({}^{\text{ab}}\) & 52.95 \(\pm\) 3.90 \({}^{\text{a}}\) & 29.56 \(\pm\) 1.47 \({}^{\text{c}}\) & 34.16 \(\pm\) 0.15 \({}^{\text{b}}\) \\ TAC (GAE mg/g) & 6.48 \(\pm\) 0.28 \({}^{\text{a}}\) & 5.83 \(\pm\) 0.66 \({}^{\text{b}}\) & 5.89 \(\pm\) 0.27 \({}^{\text{ab}}\) & 5.20 \(\pm\) 0.36 \({}^{\text{b}}\) \\ \hline \multicolumn{5}{c}{**Bound Phenolic**} \\ \hline TPC (mg GAE/g) & 7.59 \(\pm\) 0.12 \({}^{\text{a}}\) & 6.97 \(\pm\) 0.08 \({}^{\text{a}}\) & 3.14 \(\pm\) 0.12 \({}^{\text{b}}\) & 2.56 \(\pm\) 0.15 \({}^{\text{b}}\) \\ TFC (mg QE/g) & 0.07 \(\pm\) 0.01 \({}^{\text{a}}\) & 0.04 \(\pm\) 0.16 \({}^{\text{a}}\) & - & - \\ TCT (mg CE/g) & - & - & - & - \\ DPPH (mg TE/g) & 13.30 \(\pm\) 2.30 \({}^{\text{a}}\) & 9.79 \(\pm\) 0.70 \({}^{\text{ab}}\) & 0.60 \(\pm\) 0.86 \({}^{\text{b}}\) & 0.53 \(\pm\) 0.15 \({}^{\text{b}}\) \\ FRAP (mg TE/g) & 12.89 \(\pm\) 1.23 \({}^{\text{ab}}\) & 20.00 \(\pm\) 0.78 \({}^{\text{a}}\) & 5.56 \(\pm\) 0.87 \({}^{\text{b}}\) & 8.08 \(\pm\) 0.12 \({}^{\text{b}}\) \\ ABTS (mg TE/g) & 75.63 \(\pm\) 1.03 \({}^{\text{a}}\) & 73.62 \(\pm\) 0.38 \({}^{\text{a}}\) & 41.81 \(\pm\) 1.13 \({}^{\text{b}}\) & 8.89 \(\pm\) 3.11 \({}^{\text{c}}\) \\ OH-RSA (mg TE/g) & 53.25 \(\pm\) 1.53 \({}^{\text{a}}\) & 49.15 \(\pm\) 1.38 \({}^{\text{ab}}\) & 48.31 \(\pm\) 1.38 \({}^{\text{ab}}\) & 28.25 \(\pm\) 1.44 \({}^{\text{b}}\) \\ FICA (mg EE/g) & 0.79 \(\pm\) 0.16 \({}^{\text{ab}}\) & 0.97 \(\pm\) 0.15 \({}^{\text{a}}\) & 0.78 \(\pm\) 0.06 \({}^{\text{ab}}\) & 0.72 \(\pm\) 0.20 \({}^{\text{b}}\) \\ RPA (mg TE/g) & 8.01 \(\pm\) 0.83 \({}^{\text{a}}\) & 9.31 \(\pm\) 0.05 \({}^{\text{a}}\) & 3.59 \(\pm\) 0.06 \({}^{\text{b}}\) & 2.63 \(\pm\) 0.54 \({}^{\text{b}}\) \\ TAC (GAE mg/g) & 0.99 \(\pm\) 0.13 \({}^{\text{a}}\) & 0.94 \(\pm\) 0.02 \({}^{\text{a}}\) & 0.75 \(\pm\) 0.08 \({}^{\text{b}}\) & 0.81 \(\pm\) 0.18 \({}^{\text{ab}}\) \\ \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 1: The total phenolic compounds and antioxidant activities from different coffee samples. of free hydroxycinnamic acids and quinic acids, primarily including caffeoylquinic acids (CQAs), feruloylquinic acids (FQAs), p-coumaroylquinic acids (pCoQAs), dicafeoylquinic acids (diCQAs), as well as caffeoylquinic acid lactones (CQLs) and feruloylquinic acid lactones (FQLs) [23].