## 7 Future Prospects  
The future prospects of real-time patient monitoring, as envisaged in the context of biosensors integrated with multi-hop IoT systems via cloud connectivity, hold immense potential for transformative changes in the healthcare landscape. The trajectory of technological advancements anticipates several key developments that collectively promise to revolutionize healthcare delivery [130]. One pivotal aspect revolves around the continual refinement of biosensors. The future sees a shift towards more compact, energy-efficient, and versatile biosensor designs. This evolution is geared towards enabling continuous and unobtrusive health monitoring, ensuring that individuals can seamlessly integrate monitoring into their daily lives without disruption. Moreover, advancements in biosensor technologies aim to enhance the accuracy and reliability of health data, providing a robust foundation for informed medical decision making. The integration of 5G technology stands out as a game-changer in the future of real-time patient monitoring. With reduced data transmission latency, the communication between biosensors, IoT devices, and cloud platforms is poised to become virtually instantaneous. This not only enhances the overall speed and efficiency of healthcare data exchange but also opens up avenues for new applications and possibilities in remote health monitoring [131]. Artificial intelligence and ML are expected to play an increasingly integral role in shaping the future of patient monitoring. These technologies bring advanced analytical capabilities to the table, enabling precise predictions, early anomaly detection, and the generation of personalized health insights. ML algorithms will continuously learn from vast datasets, improving their accuracy and contributing to more effective healthcare interventions [132]. Blockchain technology has emerged as a prospective solution to addressing critical issues of data security and interoperability in healthcare systems. The decentralized and secure nature of blockchain can safeguard sensitive health information, ensures patient privacy, and fosters trust in healthcare systems. The use of blockchain also has the potential to streamline data sharing among different healthcare entities, contributing to a more interconnected and efficient healthcare ecosystem [133; 134]. In chronic disease management, future prospects indicate a broader implementation of real-time monitoring. This approach holds promise for more effective care, allowing healthcare providers to intervene promptly in response to changing health conditions, potentially reducing hospitalizations and improving the overall quality of life for patients dealing with chronic illnesses. The technological landscape also envisions the use of human-computer interaction principles to enhance user interfaces, making them more intuitive and user-friendly [135]. This is particularly crucial to ensure that individuals, including those with limited technological proficiency, can easily navigate and benefit from real-time patient monitoring systems. The future of real-time patient monitoring extends beyond individual health management to broader implications for human health. Advanced monitoring systems are expected to contribute significantly to human health management, enabling more comprehensive epidemiological studies and proactive public health interventions. The availability of real-time data on a large scale offers unprecedented opportunities to understand health trends, identify potential outbreaks, and implement timely interventions to safeguard public health. Furthermore, the future envisions seamless integration of real-time patient monitoring with telemedicine solutions. This integration aims to reduce the necessity for in-person visits, particularly in situations where a physical presence might be challenging or impractical.