# Construction and Evaluation of Pepper Core Collection Based on Phenotypic Traits and SSR Markers
## 3 Results
### Evaluation of Pepper Core Collection Based on Phenotypic Data  
#### 3.4.1 Evaluation of Core Collection Based on Basic Genetic Parameters  
This study evaluated 24 phenotypic traits to compare genetic parameters between a core germplasm collection and the original population (Table 5). Except for leaf color and length, the minimum values for all traits were the same in both sets. Maximum values and ranges for the remaining 22 traits also matched. Although the mean values for all traits and the standard deviation of leaf length were similar in both groups, the core collection generally had lower mean values than the original germplasm. However, for 23 traits, the core collection had higher mean values. The coefficient of variation for the number of ventricles was similar between the two sets but lower in the core collection. For the other 23 traits, the core collection showed greater variation than the original germplasm. These findings demonstrate that the 41 selected germplasm specimens capture the genetic diversity of the original pepper population effectively.  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{l l l l l l l} \hline \hline
**Overall** & & & & \multicolumn{3}{c}{**Intragroup Retention Ratio Method**} \\
**Sample** & **Gemplasm Category** & **Simple** & **Logarithmic** & **Square Root** & **Diversity** \\
**Ration** & & **Sample** & **Retention** & **Retention** & **Retention** \\  & & **Retention** & **Sample** & **Sample** & **Sample** \\ \hline  & var. _fuscicultatum_ [PERSON] & 3 & 7 & 6 & 8 \\  & var. _grossum_ [PERSON] & 4 & 9 & 7 & 8 \\  & var. _crossimforme_ [PERSON] & 1 & 3 & 3 & 3 \\  & var. _conoides_ [PERSON] & 3 & 8 & 6 & 10 \\  & var. _longum_ [PERSON] & 29 & 14 & 19 & 9 \\  & Number of pre-selected core & 40 & 41 & 41 & 38 \\  & germplasm & 3 & 8 & 7 & 9 \\  & var. _grossum_ [PERSON] & 5 & 10 & 9 & 10 \\  & var. _crossimforme_ [PERSON] & 1 & 3 & 3 & 3 \\  & var. _conoides_ [PERSON] & 4 & 9 & 7 & 11 \\  & var. _longum_ [PERSON] & 35 & 17 & 22 & 11 \\  & Number of pre-selected core & 48 & 47 & 48 & 44 \\  & germplasm & & & & & \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}
Table 4: _Cont._  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{l l l l l l l l l l l} \hline \hline
**Traits** & **Min** & **Max** & **Range** & **Mean** & & **SD** & & **CV/\%** \\ \hline Stem color & 1 & 1 & 3 & 3 & 2 & 2 & 1.51 & 1.25 & 0.84 & 0.64 & 55.57\% & 51.18\% \\ Shorter internodes of the & & & & & & & & & & & \\ lower part & 9 & 9 & 9 & 0 & 0 & 9.00 & 0.00 & 0.00 & 0.00\% & 0.00\% \\ in plant & & & & & & & & & & & \\ lower part in plant & & & & & & & & & & & \\ Development of the bud & 5 & 5 & 5 & 5 & 0 & 0 & 5.00 & 0.00 & 0.00 & 0.00\% & 0.00\% \\ Leaf shape & 1 & 1 & 3 & 3 & 2 & 2 & 1.38 & 1.35 & 0.53 & 0.45 & 38.72\% & 33.51\% \\ Leaf color & 1 & 1 & 5 & 7 & 4 & 6 & 2.95 & 3.18 & 1.26 & 1.09 & 42.83\% & 34.27\% \\ Flower blooming form & 3 & 3 & 7 & 7 & 4 & 4 & 3.37 & 3.17 & 0.97 & 0.66 & 28.77\% & 20.67\% \\ The attached morphology & & 3 & 3 & 9 & 6 & 6 & 5.24 & 4.59 & 2.01 & 2.00 & 38.33\% & 43.51\% \\ Fruit shape & 1 & 1 & 7 & 7 & 6 & 6 & 5.10 & 5.63 & 2.30 & 1.93 & 45.12\% & 34.22\% \\ Fruit growth state & 3 & 3 & 7 & 7 & 4 & 4 & 6.32 & 6.64 & 1.15 & 0.87 & 18.20\% & 13.06\% \\ Color of green mature & & 1 & 1 & 6 & 6 & 5 & 5 & 4.10 & 4.15 & 1.04 & 0.84 & 25.48\% & 20.15\% \\ fruit & & & & & & & & & & & & \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}
Table 5: Basic genetic parameters of 41 core collections and primary germplasms.