# Atmospheric Electricity Measurements in the Pacific Northwest, Russia
## 3 Observed Effects and Main Results
The paper evaluates the possibility of predicting earthquakes by negative anomalies of the atmospheric electric field in any weather conditions. Based on continuous observations of the electric field in Kamchatka for the period 1997-2002, the work of this precursor was evaluated. It turned out that the efficiency of this forecasting method under any weather conditions is no more than 10% [18]. Another harbinger of earthquakes is the amplification of atmospheric gravity waves (AGW). Such waves easily pass from the lithosphere to the heights of the ionosphere [19]. Recently, with the development of methods for studying the total electron density in the atmosphere, researchers of lithospheric-atmospheric-ionospheric interactions have begun to pay attention to this [20; 21]. Directly in electric field variations, the AGW enhancement during and on the eve of earthquakes was identified at the Paratunka observatory as early as 2004 [22]. It was shown that, on days with earthquakes, the intensity of the power spectra in the range of AGW periods under fair weather conditions increases by an order of magnitude. However, in case of bad weather, this intensity increases by an order of magnitude. A similar effect of AGW amplification in an electric field was observed in Japan [23]. The AGW amplification effect is shown in Figure 5:0 Under fair weather conditions on 6 November 2007, the PG power spectrum in the range of AGW periods is shown in Figure 11a. In comparison with the AEF of fair weather on 17 September 1999 on the eve of the 18 September 1999 earthquake (Ms = 6.1 \(\varphi=51.21^{\circ}\) N; \(\lambda=157.56^{\circ}\) E, distance 201.2 km), the intensity of the power spectra increased by an order of magnitude (Figure 11b). The response of atmospheric electricity in the surface layer of the atmosphere to magnetic storms in fair weather conditions depends on many factors. First of all, one must pay attention to where the observatory is located. The strongest magnetospheric disturbances in the electrical parameters of the surface atmosphere are manifested at high-latitude stations [24; 25; 26]. This is primarily due to the precipitation of solar wind particles into the atmosphere in the subpolar regions of the Earth. For mid-latitude stations, the  
Figure 5:1 Negative anomaly in the electric field before the earthquake (arrow) on 27 July 2022, Ms = 4.5.  
relationship between PG and magnetic storms is not so unambiguous. The complex nature of the behavior of PG in a large amount of statistical material (15 cases) was recorded at the Mohe Observatory (China, 53.482\({}^{\circ}\) N) [27]. The authors concluded: \"At the onset of geomagnetic activity, such as sudden changes of IMF-Bz, the solar wind proton number density, also Ez is typically seen to undergo large changes, but the three have a nonlinear relationship\" (here Ez is PG) [27]. According to the Paratunka Observatory (52\({}^{\circ}\)58.33\({}^{\prime}\) N), each magnetic storm has its own character and each storm must be processed separately. The effect of the magnetic storm on 5 April 2010 is shown in Figure 12[28]. The development of this process in time can be traced from the graph of the H-component of the magnetic field (Figure 12a). Three effects can be traced in the development of this storm. The first is related to the decrease in the electrical conductivity of the air (Figure 12c). Such a decrease could be due to the \"switching off\" of one of the ionizers of air molecules. The ionizers at this level are radon and galactic cosmic rays. The seismic situation at that time was calm, which means that there were no significant deformation processes that would lead to a sharp increase in radon emanation. This means that the decrease in electrical conductivity can be associated with a decrease in the flux of galactic cosmic rays. The second effect manifested itself in sharp changes in PG during the initial stages of the storm (Figure 12b). Apparently, it is connected with the inductive phenomena of electromagnetic processes.