## 5 Food Safety and Quality Applications
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Technique** & **Product** & **Application** & **Wavelength** & **Reference** \\ \hline \multirow{8}{*}{Reflectance imaging} & Apple & Feces detection & 450-851 nm & [33] \\  & Chicken & Feces and inesta detection & 400–900 nm & [34] \\  & Apple & Bruise detection & 900–1700 nm & [24] \\  & Cucumber & Chilling injury detection & 447–951 nm & [35] \\  & Pork & Quality evaluation & 430–1000 nm & [36] \\  & Chicken & Wholesomeness inspection & 430–750 nm & [32] \\  & Fish & Moisture and fat evaluation & 460–1040 nm & [37] \\  & Mushroom & Bruise detection & 400–1000 nm & [38] \\  & Beef & Tendermess evaluation & 400–1000 nm & [39] \\  & Citrus & Canker disease detection & 450–930 nm & [40] \\  & Pathogen & Campylobacter detection & 400–900 nm & [41] \\  & Tea & Quality classification & 408–1117 nm & [42] \\  & Wheat kernel & Fusarium damage detection & 400–1700 nm & [43] \\  & Potato & Coking time prediction & 400–1000 nm & [44] \\  & Grape & Quality evaluation & 400–1000 nm & [45] \\  & Banana & Quality and maturity evaluation & 400–1000 nm & [46] \\  & Milk powder & Melamine detection & 990–1700 nm & [47] \\  & Beef & Chicken adulterant detection & 400–1000 nm & [48] \\ \hline \multirow{8}{*}{Transmittance imaging} & Cherry & Pit detection & 450–1000 nm & [49] \\  & Clam & Parasite detection & 400–1000 nm & [50] \\  & Soybean & Insect damage detection & 400–1000 nm & [26] \\  & Radish & Black heart detection & 400–1000 nm & [51] \\  & Pork and salmon & Fat mapping & 760–1040 nm & [27] \\ \hline \multirow{8}{*}{Fluorescence imaging} & Apple & Feces detection & 425–775 nm & [6] \\  & Chicken & Skin tumor detection & 425–710 nm & [52] \\  & Apple & Quality evaluation & 500–1040 nm & [53] \\  & Walnut & Shell and meat differentiation & 425–775 nm & [54] \\  & Bacterial biofilm & Equipment surface inspection & 416–700 nm & [55] \\  & Corn kernel & Aflatoxin detection & 400–600 nm & [56] \\  & Chicken residues & Equipment surface inspection & 500–700 nm & [18] \\  & Cherry tomato & Cuticle defect detection & 400–700 nm & [57] \\  & Cucumber seed & Seed viability identification & 425–700 nm & [58] \\  & Cotton & Foreign matter detection & 425–700 nm & [59] \\ \hline \multirow{8}{*}{Reflectance and transmittance imaging} & Cucumber & Quality evaluation & 400–1000 nm & [28] \\  & Chicken & Bone fragment detection & 364–1024 nm & [60] \\  & Onion & Internal quality evaluation & 400–1000 nm & [61] \\  & Blueberry & Internal quality evaluation & 400–1000 nm & [62] \\ \hline \multirow{8}{*}{Reflectance and fluorescence imaging} & Apple & Defect and feces detection & 400–1000 nm & [31] \\  & Apple & Maturity and quality evaluation & 500–1000 nm & [63] \\  & Corn kernel & Aflatoxin detection & 400–878 nm & [29] \\ \hline \multirow{8}{*}{Raman imaging} & Food powders & Adulterant detection & 102–2865 cm\({}^{-1}\) & [25] \\  & Carrot & Carrotenoid mapping & 102–2865 cm\({}^{-1}\) & [14] \\ \hline \multirow{8}{*}{Spatially resolved spectroscopy} & Peach & Firmness evaluation & 500–1000 nm & [30] \\  & Milk & Fat content evaluation & 530–900 nm & [64] \\ \cline{1-1}  & Apple & Internal quality evaluation & 500–1000 nm & [15] \\ \cline{1-1}  & Beef & Microbial spoilage detection & 400–1100 nm & [65] \\ \cline{1-1}  & Sugar & Through-package detection & 102–2865 cm\({}^{-1}\) & [21] \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 1: Representative food safety and quality applications using line-scan hyperspectral imaging.