# Towards a Cyber-Physical Range for the Integrated Navigation System (INS) System (INS)
## 4 An INS Cyber-Physical Range
### Hardware Components  
A virtual INS testbed can also be developed. A ship control unit [119] and a trackball mouse may be used to manage such a virtual testbed [28]. Multitouch screens (e.g., ELO 2244L [120; 121] can be used for the control and monitoring of virtual elements, such as lights, machine telegraph, or GPS [8]. For navigation software in particular, larger screens may be preferred. Curved screens are useful for better visibility [8]. The screens can be connected via the daisy chain [8].  
Not only laptops, but also industrial computers can be used for an INS testbed. As an example in the eMIR platform an industrial computer (Nuvo 3000E [121; 122]) involving an Intel I7 processor, 8 GB RAM, Solid State Hard Drive (SSD) was used [8]. SSD-type hard discs have several benefits, such as shock resistance, low power usage, and reduced heat generation [123]. Particularly the shock resistance advantage is essential for the mobility of testbeds. Accordingly, shock and vibration-proof computers [124] could be also preferred.  
The onboard sensors can be classified into three groups, namely movement sensors, environmental sensors, and internal ship sensors [36]. Real sensors, such as AIS, wind sensor (i.e., anemometer), microphones for acoustic analysis, video camera, Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU), RADAR, GPS or DGPS, speed log, engine sensors (e.g., rpm, pressure, temperature), rudder angle indicator, NAVTEX, and gyro compass can be used in the testbed [25; 30]. Many bridge sensors are inherently available on ships. Hence, a vessel in service may be utilized to receive data from her sensors [30].  
A mobile connectable sensor box with several marine and surveillance equipment, such as RADAR pole (e.g., SIMRAD Broadband 4G RADAR [125]), RADAR connector, AIS (e.g., SIMRAD NAIS-400 [126]), VHF antenna, anemometer, compass, GPS antenna, visual camera, infrared camera, ultraviolet camera can be developed. In this way, the objects at sea as well as environmental conditions at the shore or onboard can be tracked and monitored. GPS antenna, VHF antenna, and stated antennas' connectors are required for an AIS. The data in the sensor box may be transmitted through an LTE router consisting of an LTE antenna and an LTE connector. For energy, an electrical accumulator and recharger may be used. A computer could be required to manage the subject sensor box [28; 33; 34; 35].  
An experimental VTS infrastructure on the shore side could be developed to represent marine traffic situation by receiving the data from sensor simulation or real marine devices like AIS [27; 28]. It is a fixed installation with computers, monitors, and multitouch display components [28; 31].  
A geographic sea location can be defined as the test zone. The zone may be fitted with surveillance technologies, such as AIS, RADAR, camera, wind sensor. The data could be transmitted to the research center for instant monitoring through communication technologies like LTE. In the zone, new e-navigation technologies may be safely tested [33; 35; 36].  
Cable ducts are used for organizing the cables used in an INS testbed [8]. A face plate can be used for external power supply (e.g., SNT HRP 300 12 [121]) and network interface [8]. A power supply module converts input power according to the requirements of the bridge elements to be powered. A network switch (e.g., Ha-Vis Econ 2030B-A [121]) is a high-speed networking device which receives Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) data packets, and then transmits received data to other devices in the network [127].  
Tripods could be used to fasten up the screens. Flight cases or rugged cases may be preferred for a light and safe mobility of screens, computers, and similar hardware used in the testbed [8].  
The range could be kept ready for transportation. To this end, 10-foot or 20-foot containers may be used [25].