# Future Internet Architectures on an Emerging Scale--A Systematic Review
## 1 Introduction
Privacy, on the one hand, includes sensitive data, for example, financial and personal information, personal communication, and health records. The misuse of this information can lead to fraudulent activities that include identity theft, financial fraud, and other serious harm. It is very imperative that personal information should only be used for legitimate purposes. Security, on the other hand, is also a critical issue, as the internet is vulnerable to a wide range of cyber threats, for example, hacking, malware, and phishing attacks. These attacks lead to significant financial damage to both individuals and businesses by compromising the confidentiality, availability, and integrity of data. Hence, it is of paramount importance to have robust security measures against these threats, which include encryption, firewalls, and regular updates to software. Therefore, privacy and security are critical issues in building and maintaining internet trust and serve as a tool for commerce and social communication. 5. Energy efficiency of mobile devices  
Energy efficiency is an essential aspect of mobile devices because it affects the device's performance, battery life, and user experience. Some ways that this energy efficiency can be improved in mobile devices are as follows:  
1. Low power modes: To reduce power consumption, most mobile devices have a low power mode. The purpose of this mode is to turn off some irrelevant or non-essential features and to reduce the device's performance. These irrelevant features can include push notifications, background app refresh, and location services. 2. Battery-saving features: To reduce power consumption, many devices come with built-in battery-saving features. Some devices may reduce the screen brightness or turn off Bluetooth or Wi-Fi. * App optimization: To optimize their apps, app developers utilize efficient coding techniques, such as minimizing unnecessary network requests and reducing the CPU usage to reduce the power consumption. This optimization can have a significant impact on longer battery life and a good user experience. * Hardware improvements: Energy efficiency can be improved by using more efficient processors, displays, and batteries. For example, OLED displays are more energy-efficient than LCD displays, and less power is utilized by advanced processors to perform the same tasks. * User education: Energy efficiency can be improved if the users become aware of their device's power consumption and take appropriate steps to reduce it. Some of these steps may include closing unused apps, turning off unused Bluetooth or Wi-Fi, and reducing the screen brightness. Collaborating the issues that are discussed above and validating them into one complete networking architecture can be seen as an evolutionary approach to building models that promise the requirements that are needed for the future internet. In recent years, various research efforts have been undertaken to address the issues that are related to internet privacy and security. However, to develop and test new internet architectures, researchers need access to experimental testbeds. Since the internet is not owned by a single entity, but rather thousands of stakeholders, experimenting with new architectures can pose significant risks. To overcome this challenge, virtual testbeds can be used to test and validate these new architectures on a larger scale without compromising the existing services. This approach allows for the development of new architectures to be thoroughly tested and validated before they are deployed in real-time. In summary, the development of a future internet can be achieved by focusing on three main areas: innovating from various angles, collaborating with these innovations, and validating them in a complete networking architecture [6]. Additionally, experimenting with real testbeds can provide valuable insights into the efficacy and feasibility of these new architectures.