## 3 Results and Discussion
### Primary Metabolite Profiling of Roasted/Unroasted Mahlab Seeds via GC-MS Analysis (Post-Silylation)  
To provide an overview of primary metabolites accounting for seeds' nutritional value and organoleptic features (Table 1), GC-MS analysis was employed post-silylation. A total of 65 peaks (Table 2, Figure 1) were annotated, including sugars (mono- and di-saccharides), fatty acids, esters, organic acids and alcohols, in addition to a few amino acids and nitrogenous compounds. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c c c c c c} \hline \hline
**No. ** & **Rt (min)** & **KJ** & **Name** & **WC** & **WE** & **WS** & **RWS** & **RE** & **RRTe** & **RS** & **RRTe** \\ \hline \multicolumn{1}{c}{**Organic acids**} & & & & & & & & & & & & \\
1 & 70.02 & 10843 & & & & & & & & & & & \\
2 & 7.531 & 111.8 & & Oakle acid (TMS) & 0.16 \(\pm\) 0.08 & 0.58 \(\pm\) 0.01 & 0.09 \(\pm\) 0.07 & 0.18 \(\pm\) 0.09 & 0.30 \(\pm\) 0.04 & 0.39 \(\pm\) 0.21 & 0.15 \(\pm\) 0.01 & 0.25 \(\pm\) 0.11 \\
3 & 7.964 & 1241.9 & \(\gamma\)-Hydrocarbon/hydrocatal (GTMS) & 0.04 \(\pm\) 0.02 & 0.17 \(\pm\) 0.01 & 0.01 \(\pm\) 0.01 & 0.04 \(\pm\) 0.01 & 0.25 \(\pm\) 0.04 & 0.03 \(\pm\) 0.01 & 0.07 \(\pm\) 0.03 \\
4 & 10.080 & 1221.4 & & Sonticolajek (GTMS) & 0.04 \(\pm\) 0.01 & 0.10 \(\pm\) 0.01 & 0.02 \(\pm\) 0.01 & 0.08 \(\pm\) 0.03 & 0.36 \(\pm\) 0.02 & 0.57 \(\pm\) 0.06 & 0.24 \(\pm\) 0.06 & 0.37 \(\pm\) 0.02 \\
5 & 13.520 & 1350.9 & & McLe acid (TMS) & 0.23 \(\pm\) 0.27 & 0.16 \(\pm\) 0.07 & 0.02 \(\pm\) 0.01 & 0.04 \(\pm\) 0.02 & 0.47 \(\pm\) 0.18 & 0.74 \(\pm\) 0.05 & 0.22 \(\pm\) 0.11 & 0.84 \(\pm\) 0.13 \\
6 & 14.227 & 1546.5 & Unknown acid & 0.08 \(\pm\) 0.02 & 0.13 \(\pm\) 0.01 & 0.01 \(\pm\) 0.01 & 0.02 \(\pm\) 0.01 & 0.02 \(\pm\) 0.01 & 0.02 \(\pm\) 0.00 & 0.02 \(\pm\) 0.01 \\
7 & 12.120 & 1800.1 & Treephallix acid (GTMS) & 0.04 \(\pm\) 0.01 & 0.13 \(\pm\) 0.05 & 0.02 \(\pm\) 0.01 & 0.15 \(\pm\) 0.02 & 0.08 \(\pm\) 0.01 & 0.28 \(\pm\) 0.05 & 0.12 \(\pm\) 0.02 & 0.13 \(\pm\) 0.03 \\
8 & 18.699 & 1941.2 & Unknown acid & 0.32 \(\pm\) 0.42 & 0.27 \(\pm\) 0.13 & 0.03 \(\pm\) 0.02 & 0.12 \(\pm\) 0.03 & 0.13 \(\pm\) 0.03 & 0.05 \(\pm\) 0.01 & 1.59 \(\pm\) 0.26 & 0.13 \(\pm\) 0.01 \\ \hline \multicolumn{1}{c}{**Total organic acids**} & & & & & & & & & & \\ \hline \multicolumn{1}{c}{**Alcohols**} & & & & & & & & & & & \\
10 & 10.429 & 1285.9 & Glycerol (GTMS) & 2.96 \(\pm\) 0.48 & 0.71 \(\pm\) 0.06 & 0.32 \(\pm\) 0.17 & 0.53 \(\pm\) 0.14 & 3.75 \(\pm\) 0.22 & 5.01 \(\pm\) 0.39 & 5.36 \(\pm\) 1.26 & 6.88 \(\pm\) 3.69 \\
10 & 16.966 & 1780.1 & Glycerol-3-phosphate (GTMS) & - & 0.05 \(\pm\) 0.01 & 0.01 \(\pm\) 0.01 & 0.03 \(\pm\) 0.00 & 0.01 \(\pm\) 0.00 & 0.00 \(\pm\) 0.00 & 0.02 \(\pm\) 0.00 \\ \hline \multicolumn{1}{c}{**Total alcohols**} & & & & & & & & & & \\ \hline \multicolumn{1}{c}{**Amino acids**} & & & & & & & & & & & \\
11 & 10.763 & 1307.5 & Prelimie (GTMS) & 0.02 \(\pm\) 0.00 & 0.13 \(\pm\) 0.01 & 0.04 \(\pm\) 0.03 & 0.01 \(\pm\) 0.00 & - & - & 0.19 \(\pm\) 0.06 & 0.07 \(\pm\) 0.01 \\
12 & 12.649 & 1434.9 & alanine (GTMS) & 0.02 \(\pm\) 0.01 & 0.04 \(\pm\) 0.00 & & & & & & & \\
13 & 14.009 & 1357.2 & Progelphilic acid (GTMS) & 0.06 \(\pm\) 0.03 & 0.17 \(\pm\) 0.01 & 0.01 \(\pm\) 0.01 & 0.06 \(\pm\) 0.01 & 0.35 \(\pm\) 0.02 & 0.46 \(\pm\) 0.06 & 0.34 \(\pm\) 0.09 & 0.51 \(\pm\) 0.05 \\
14 & 15.138 & 1629.1 & Glutamic acid (GTMS) & 0.02 \(\pm\) 0.01 & 0.06 \(\pm\) 0.00 & & & & & 0.01 \(\pm\) 0.00 & 0.01 \(\pm\) 0.00 & 0.01 \(\pm\) 0.00 \\ \hline \multicolumn{1}{c}{**Total amino acids**} & & & & & & & & & & & \\
15 & 11.590 & 1361.3 & \(\pm\) 0.02 & 3.61 \(\pm\) 0.22 & 0.10 \(\pm\) 0.00 & 0.02 \(\pm\) 0.00 & 4.43 \(\pm\) 0.58 & 0.67 \(\pm\) 0.04 & 0.01 \(\pm\) 0.00 & 0.03 \(\pm\) 0.01 \\
26 & 24.625 & 2002.0 & 1-3-10  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c c c c c c c} \hline
**No.