# Smart Facility Management System Based on Open BIM and Augmented Reality Technology
## 5 System Development and Validation
### System Demonstration of an AR-Based Smart FMS and Validation

Table 2: Maintenance tasks for testing. To compare the performance of maintenance tasks using traditional 2D blueprint methods with the AR-based smart FMS, the time it took for the two groups to complete the task was analyzed. The group statistics and independent sample test for task completion time are shown in Table 4. The experimental results for the non-control group (AR-based smart FMS) show that the participants were able to complete the maintenance work in an average of 10 min and 34 s, faster than the average of 16 min and 37 s took for the control group (using 2D blueprints) participants. This showed that the smart FMS developed in this paper allowed faster completion of tasks than the traditional method. In addition, the outcome of the maintenance work performed by the participants using the smart FMS achieved 100% accuracy, while the results recorded by the participants engaged in the 2D-based maintenance work achieved 95.7% accuracy. Participants using the AR-based smart FMS received information on each task directly through their smartphones. Therefore, the display of information was realized in an immediate, visual and convenient way. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c} \hline \hline  & \multicolumn{4}{c}{**Summary of Participants’ Experiences**} \\ \hline
**Experience with** **BIM and AR** & **Control Group** & **Non-Control Group** & **Experience of Data Retrieval** & **Control Group** & **Non-Control Group** \\ \hline \multicolumn{4}{c}{Level of BIM Understanding (Proficiency)} & Preferred Data Retrieval Method (Multiple Responses Allowed) \\ \hline Very proficient & 2 & 1 & Electronic 2D or 3D CAD and PDFs & 8 & 6 \\ \hline Proficient & 3 & 3 & Native models (.rvt, d\text{wg}, etc.) & 5 & 6 \\ \hline Somewhat proficient & 4 & 3 & Printed drawings or documents & 2 & 4 \\ \hline Not very proficient & 1 & 2 & & \\ \hline No proficiency at all & - & 1 & & \\ \hline \multicolumn{4}{c}{Level of AR Understanding (Proficiency)} & Preferred Technologies for Data Retrieval (Multiple Responses Allowed) \\ \hline Very proficient & - & - & Printed drawings & 5 & 8 \\ \hline Proficient & 3 & 5 & Tablet & 2 & 1 \\ \hline Somewhat proficient & 5 & 4 & Smartphone & 6 & 5 \\ \hline Not very proficient & 1 & 1 & Laptop PC & 1 & 3 \\ \hline No proficiency at all & 1 & - & Desktop PC & 2 & 4 \\ \hline \multicolumn{4}{c}{Participants’ Opinion of Using the Tools (Paper-Based vs. AR-Based Smart FMS)} \\ \hline How difficult was it to find and retrieve information? & Control Group & Non-Control Group & Did you feel that the tool was sufficient to complete the required tasks? & Control Group & Non-Control Group \\ \hline Easy & 1 & 6 & Yes & 2 & 9 \\ \hline Medium & 2 & 3 & No & 8 & 1 \\ \hline Hard & 6 & 1 & & & \\ \hline Could not locate it & 1 & - & & & \\ \hline \multicolumn{4}{c}{Participants’ Opinion of the Quality of Interaction} \\ \hline \multicolumn{4}{c}{Control Group} & Non-Control Group \\ \hline Please comment on which part of the tool (paper-based or & Viewing of attribute data & Small display \\ AR-based smart FMS) operation was difficult? & Viewing of sensor information & Inconvenient controls \\ \hline Please comment on which part of the tool (paper-based or & & & Location confirmation \\ AR-based smart FMS) was helpful to you? & Intuitive information viewing & Rapid information access & Portability \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 3: Survey summary of test participants. In order for the FM crew on site to immediately obtain the necessary information through AR, this study demonstrated the use of the AR data conversion approach, which converts BIM data through a COBie-based information exchange system. In addition, spatial information can be visualized through the on-site AR marker, which provides web-based AR space information, while the inspection results can be recorded using the screen capture function of the mobile device.