## 1 Introduction
Their methodology uses a stress-based approach comparable to the process used in semi-empirical development; the procedure is to assess the factor of safety in saturated silts and clays during earthquakes. [PERSON] and [PERSON] [22] suggested that the post-cyclic undrained shear  
Figure 1: Scheme that idealizes the stress conditions that occur along a hypothetical failure surface and that can be simulated by simple cyclic shear tests and triaxial tests. strength and secant deformation modulus of the specimens of mixed clayey soils were comparatively reduced from the pre-cyclic behavior; the reduction level depends on the granular material content, cyclic shear strain level, and effective confining pressure. [PERSON] [23] investigated the influence of a preexisting stress state on the response of a cohesive soft soil due to cyclic loads. [PERSON] and [PERSON] [24], based on experimental results, propose a shear modulus degradation model for cohesive soils as a function of number of loading cycles, plasticity index, cyclic shear strain, over-consolidation ratio, and loading frequency. [PERSON] et al. [25] proposed a simplified procedure to evaluate cyclic softening that may be expected in saturated clays during earthquakes. [PERSON] et al. [26] investigated the cyclic resistance of silt and sandy silt soils; they found that the loss of shear resistance and the liquefaction occurred at excess pore water pressure ratios (r\({}_{\text{u}}\)) between 0.6 and 0.7 associated with cumulative cyclic shear strains of 4% to 7%. [PERSON] et al. [27], through a series of undrained cyclic triaxial tests performed on sand-clay mixtures, studied the influence of the content of fines on the undrained cyclic shear strength of sand-clay mixtures; the authors observed a unique correlation between the cyclic shear strength and global void ratio for different contents of fines. [PERSON] et al. [28] found from the results of unidirectional cyclic triaxials carried out with clay samples from the city of Wenzhou, China, that cyclically confined pressure significantly promotes the accumulation of permanent volumetric deformations. In addition, they observed that the increase in OCR significantly reduces the generation of permanent axial deformations. [PERSON] et al. [29] investigated the effect of the bidirectional shear stress frequency on the undrained clay response from Wenzhou, China, subjected to multidirectional cyclic shear stress tests. Based on laboratory tests, these authors proposed an empirical relation that correlates the shear stress frequency with the number of cycles needed to reach failure. [PERSON] et al. [30], based on a series of cyclic triaxial tests, investigated the undrained cyclic behavior of peaty organic soil in the long term. The results of the investigation indicated that this type of soil slightly affects the development of permanent axial deformations, which is due to the highly decomposed and often amorphous organic components in the peaty organic soil. [PERSON] et al. [31] carried out a series of dynamic triaxial tests with silty clay from the Port of Yantai in China to study the post-cyclic shear behavior of reconstituted marine silty clay with different degrees of reconsolidation. The authors found that after the cyclic phase, the full reconsolidation enhanced the post-cyclic shear strength. [PERSON] et al. [32] studied the effects of OCR on monotonic and cyclic behavior of reconstituted Shanghai silty clay based on the results of a series of monotonic and cyclic undrained triaxial tests. The authors found that as the degree of over-consolidation increased, the cyclic permanent deformations decreased. Finally, it is worth highlighting the need for exhaustive laboratory tests to obtain stress-strain response; thus, triaxial test results from the Asian Institute of Technology and cyclic undrained triaxial data from Chulalongkorn University were employed to establish the soil parameters for an approximation of the incremental stress-strain response of a model for Bangkok Clay [33].