# Multidisciplinary Approach to Characterizing the Fingerprint of Italian EVOO
## 2 Results and Discussion
### Oil Chromatograms  
The GC-MS data of the volatile organic compounds identified and quantified in the Garda PDO EVOOs showed the presence of 67 different key aroma compounds. The major categories of the compounds obtained from this study, including alcohols, aldehydes, carboxylic acids, esters, ketones, hydrocarbons, and terpenes, have been widely reported in the literature [14; 15; 16]. Out of 67, only 13 compounds were common to all the tested samples, and these were mainly acids (4 compounds) and alcohols (3 compounds), aldehydes (2 compounds) and ketones (2 compounds), as listed in Table 1. For each compound, the value of the peak area is reported as an arbitrary unit. Compounds were identified based on library matching with two libraries (NIST11 and FFNSC2). Figure 4: PCA scores plot of phase 2. PC1 variance = 60.2%, PC2 variance = 20.45%. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{l l l l l l l l l l} \hline \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**Rt**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**Name**} & \multicolumn{4}{c}{**Phase 1**} & \multicolumn{4}{c}{**Phase 2**} \\ \cline{2-9}  & & **GARA PDO** & **Non-PDO** & **Non-PDO** & **Olive Oil** & **Western Garda** & **Western Garda** & **Eastem Garda** & **Eastem Garda** \\ \cline{3-9}  & & **EVOO** & **EVOO** 1** & **EVOO** 2** & **EVOO** 1** & **EVOO** 2** & **EVOO** 1** & **EVOO** 2** \\ \hline
11.53 & 2-Hevenal & \(482\times 10^{5}\) & \(4.46\times 10^{7}\) & \(5.99\times 10^{7}\) & \(1.81\times 10^{6}\) & \(5.74\times 10^{7}\) & \(3.32\times 10^{7}\) & \(5.27\times 10^{5}\) & \(4.71\times 10^{7}\) \\
13.38 & \(\beta\)-Oclimee & \(4.31\times 10^{5}\) & \(6.25\times 10^{5}\) & \(4.49\times 10^{5}\) & \(0\) & \(1.17\times 10^{6}\) & \(3.73\times 10^{5}\) & \(6.21\times 10^{5}\) & \(4.66\times 10^{5}\) \\
14.57 & Acetic acid, heyelter & \(1.96\times 10^{5}\) & \(9.08\times 10^{5}\) & \(2.63\times 10^{5}\) & \(5.09\times 10^{4}\) & \(3.62\times 10^{5}\) & \(4.23\times 10^{5}\) & \(2.76\times 10^{5}\) & \(4.21\times 10^{5}\) \\
17.03 & 3-Heven-10, acetate, (Z-) & \(5.66\times 10^{5}\) & \(5.14\times 10^{5}\) & \(8.24\times 10^{5}\) & \(3.80\times 10^{5}\) & \(1.18\times 10^{6}\) & \(1.57\times 10^{6}\) & \(1.08\times 10^{5}\) & \(8.54\times 10^{5}\) \\
19.20 & 1-Hevenal & \(1.94\times 10^{6}\) & \(9.46\times 10^{5}\) & \(2.35\times 10^{6}\) & \(3.80\times 10^{5}\) & \(1.47\times 10^{6}\) & \(2.28\times 10^{6}\) & \(2.90\times 10^{5}\) & \(2.09\times 10^{5}\) \\
20.98 & 3-Heven-10l & \(5.03\times 10^{5}\) & \(1.17\times 10^{6}\) & \(1.56\times 10^{5}\) & \(4.15\times 10^{5}\) & \(1.22\times 10^{6}\) & \(1.27\times 10^{6}\) & \(1.07\times 10^{6}\) & \(9.95\times 10^{5}\) \\
21.29 & Nomanal & \(6.26\times 10^{5}\) & \(2.04\times 10^{6}\) & \(9.31\times 10^{5}\) & \(1.65\times 10^{5}\) & \(8.68\times 10^{5}\) & \(5.11\times 10^{5}\) & \(5.77\times 10^{5}\) & \(3.31\times 10^{5}\) \\
22.41 & 2-Heven-1-ol, (Z-) & \(5.15\times 10^{6}\) & \(1.13\times 10^{6}\) & \(6.08\times 10^{6}\) & \(5.72\times 10^{6}\) & \(2.47\times 10^{6}\) & \(4.44\times 10^{6}\) & \(5.56\times 10^{5}\) & \(3.00\times 10^{5}\) \\
25.54 & Ammonium acetate & \(1.12\times 10^{6}\) & \(1.62\times 10^{6}\) & \(2.44\times 10^{6}\) & \(5.00\times 10^{5}\) & \(1.07\times 10^{6}\) & \(2.77\times 10^{6}\) & \(3.36\times 10^{5}\) & \(8.01\times 10^{5}\) \\
35.99 & Butanoic acid & \(2.45\times 10^{5}\) & \(6.69\times 10^{5}\) & \(1.29\times 10^{5}\) & \(2.07\times 10^{5}\) & \(4.01\times 10^{5}\) & \(6.36\times 10^{5}\) & \(4.55\times 10^{5}\) & \(1.51\times 10^{5}\) \\
42.37 & \(\alpha\)-Famesner & \(2.46\times 10^{5}\) & \(2.16\times 10^{5}\) & \(3.37\times 10^{5}\) & \(0\) & \(5.73\times 10^{5}\) & \(1.97\times 10^{5}\) & \(2.65\times 10^{5}\) & \(1.51\times 10^{5}\) \\
48.13 & Hexanoic acid & \(7.88\times 10^{5}\) & \(1.50\times 10^{6}\) & \(2.13\times 10^{6}\) & \(7.18\times 10^{5}\) & \(6.30\times 10^{5}\) & \(1.85\times 10^{6}\) & \(5.77\times 10^{6}\) & \(5.79\times 10^{6}\) \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 1: List of common compounds for all analyzed samples, with their retention time (min) and areas of the peaks (arbitrary unit).