## 5 Discussion  
At present, research on the construction monitoring of asphalt concrete pavement mainly focuses on the asphalt paving or rolling stage, and less consideration has been given to the entire construction stage of the asphalt mixture. In addition, due to the lack of whole-process tracking and monitoring of key processes by engineering construction management  
Figure 21: Compaction work site.  
personnel, the quality of asphalt pavement is often substandard or even destroyed. Based on the results of semi-structured interviews, this research study developed a construction monitoring system framework for asphalt concrete pavement. A data management system to comprehensively improve the construction quality of asphalt pavement was developed. The system includes real-time monitoring of the asphalt production stage and pavement construction stage, accompanied by an early warning system, which promotes the effective and efficient process of digital highway construction. Although there are certain limitations, the results from this study have significant value for the construction monitoring of asphalt concrete pavement.  
From a theoretical perspective, the study developed a digital monitoring system according to data linkage processing, which effectively solves the problem of unsatisfactory data application in engineering construction and realizes information transmission as well as sharing among construction enterprises at various stages. From a practitioner point of view, the asphalt pavement construction quality monitoring system provides a data-centric management system to assist in the design and delivery of construction engineering projects. In addition, the system monitoring of test batches is also associated with the real-time data, which ensures the accuracy of the data as well as reliable test results.  
Previously there have been in-depth studies on the construction monitoring of asphalt pavement. Indeed, [PERSON] [40] developed a cyber-physical system and proposed a multi-roller compaction monitoring system framework. The results showed that the proposed system effectively controlled the compaction process and ensures compaction quality. [PERSON], [PERSON] [39] proposed an airport asphalt pavement health monitoring system framework to monitor asphalt pavement quality and help pavement maintenance. [PERSON] and [PERSON] [41] proposed a framework of a data-driven digital highway construction whole-process management platform, which plays a role in monitoring and management of asphalt mixture transportation, paving, and compaction. The above literature provides an important basis for the construction monitoring of asphalt concrete pavement, but established system frameworks are aimed at either one or three stages and do not cover the whole process.  
Based on the results of semi-structured interviews, this study integrated BeiDou technology and 5G technology into the system framework to establish an asphalt pavement construction monitoring system framework to improve the quality of pavement construction across the whole process lifecycle. [PERSON] [9] proposed a dynamic quality monitoring system for asphalt concrete pavement, which integrates the BeiDou navigation system, intelligent sensing, internet of things, and 5G technology, but the difference is that the system framework proposed in this study, firstly, not only covers the five construction stages of asphalt mixtures but also includes a data management system, which links the data collected by monitoring in real time to realize the integration of various businesses and make the monitoring data more efficient. Secondly, in terms of research methods, this study conducted semi-structured interviews with practitioners to gain an in-depth understanding of the goals and challenges of asphalt pavement construction monitoring and discussed ideas for improvement. Other studies previously proposed the development of a performance monitoring system for asphalt pavement construction [8; 42; 43], which has been addressed by the study reported herein.