# A Survey of the Effects of Vehicle Configuration on Urban Air Mobility +
Footnote †: This article is a revised and expanded version of a paper entitled “Vehicle configurations, infra-structures, and future of urban air mobility: A review”, which was presented at TechSys2022, Plovdiv, Bulgaria, 26-28 May 2022. [PERSON]  
1 Intelligent Control Systems Institute, K. N. Toosi University of Technology, Tehran 1656983911, Iran;  
[PERSON]RESS] (S.D. ): [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (A.M.);  
[EMAIL_ADDRESS] (A.M.);  
[PERSON]  
2 Faculty of Aerospace Engineering, K. N. Toosi University of Technology, Tehran 1656983911, Iran;  
[PERSON]DRESS] (J.R.);  
[EMAIL_ADDRESS] (B.E.) [PERSON]  
1 Intelligent Control Systems Institute, K. N. Toosi University of Technology, Tehran 1656983911, Iran;  
[EMAIL_ADDRESS] (S.D. ): [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (A.M.);  
[EMAIL_ADDRESS] (A.M.);  
khabighigh@email.kntu. transportation rates, reduce traffic and costs, and eliminate many of the current problems in transportation. Research has shown that it is efficient even considering the emissions. Under certain conditions, VTOL aircraft with more than two passengers have been shown to produce fewer emissions compared to combustion engine-powered automobiles and even battery-powered cars. The emissions per passenger kilometer of a fully-loaded VTOL aircraft is stated to be 52 percent lower than a typical combustion engine-powered car, and 6 percent lower than a typical battery powered car. In addition, their benefits in terms of travel time are also considerable [2]. Much research has been conducted in this area. [PERSON] et al. have studied the developments of urban air mobility considering aircraft requirements, configurations, and their challenges like certificates, regulations, and infrastructures [2]. [PERSON] et al. have also reviewed urban air transportation, electric and autonomous vehicles (EVs, AVs). Their review includes eVTOL, vectored thrust, hybrid, wingless, multirotor, and rotorcraft vehicles. Based on their review which is based on about 800 papers, the demand for UAM may actually increase in the near future. Considering the popularity of UAMs, due to the fact that individuals can be more productive in an AV rather than a conventional car, the introduction of AVs into the market will decrease demand for commuter air taxis [3]. [PERSON] and [PERSON] have also studied the developments and challenges of air taxi. According to them, VTOL technology can make air taxis operational from skyports retrofitted on building rooftops, which makes air taxi service (ATS) a suitable option for the everyday travels of a single passenger or a small group of passengers. Like [PERSON] et al. they have also studied vectored thrust, hybrid, wingless, and multirotor vehicles. They have concluded that on-demand aerial transport would be launched in the coming years [4]. [PERSON] et al. have also studied the developments of personal aerial vehicles in the USA and Europe. They see personal air vehicles (PAVs) as a fast on-demand aerial mobility which is a game-changing innovation. Although, based on their conclusions it still has serious issues in infrastructure availability, performance, safety, regulations, and public acceptance. They have introduced some fundamental concepts of PAVs and studied related research in the USA and Europe [5]. In this way, several pioneering programs paved the way for the development of UAM, particularly in the realm of PAVs. These programs, including the Small Aircraft Transportation System (SATS), the European Personal Air Transportation System (EPATS), the Personal Plane (PPLANE) project, and  
Figure 1: Number of publications in UAM based on Scopus. the Small Air Transport-Roadmap (SAT-Rdmp), laid the groundwork for the technologies and systems we see emerging today.