# Durability of High Volume Glass Powder Self-Compacting Concrete
## 2 Methodology and Experiments
### Sample Preparation  
A total of 8 different self-compacting concrete (SCC) mixes were investigated in this study at a water to binder ratio of 0.4. A polycarboxylic ether-based superplasticizer was used to achieve the target flow of 700 +/- 50 mm for the SCC mixes. The raw materials were dry mixed in a 90 L orbital pan mixer for two minutes. Approximately 80% of the required water was added over a period of one minute while mixing. The remaining 20% of water, which was premixed with super plasticizer, was then added to the mixer. After the addition of all the water and superplasticizer, the material was mixed for an additional 3 to 5 min. The high binder content helped to prevent segregation of the control mix, while the use of glass powder and fly ash further aided in the stability of the mix such that viscosity modifiers or stabilizing admixtures were not required for any of the mixes. The superplasticizer dosage was varied to ensure a consistent spread for each mix. Cylindrical specimens of 100 mm diameter and 200 mm height were cast for durability testing and prisms of \(75\times 75\times 280\) mm were cast to measure the drying shrinkage of concrete. After casting, the samples were placed in a temperature control room maintained at 20 \({}^{\circ}\)C and 65% relative humidity for 24 h. Thereafter, the specimens were demolded and cured in lime saturated water until the age of testing. Table 3 shows the mix design details. The GP, FAF30% and FAC30% were the control mixes for comparison with the glass powder (G) SCC mixes.  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c} \hline \hline  & **GP** & **G** & **FAF** & **FAC** \\ \hline \(\mathbf{SiO_{2}}\) & 20.76 & 70.35 & 49.87 & 39.77 \\ \(\mathbf{Al_{2}O_{3}}\) & 3.54 & 2.01 & 21.88 & 16.96 \\ \(\mathbf{Fe_{2}O_{3}}\) & 2.06 & 1.59 & 7.78 & 7.29 \\ \(\mathbf{CaO}\) & 62.46 & 10.95 & 8.91 & 23.06 \\ \(\mathbf{MgO}\) & 0.88 & 0.56 & 2.54 & 2.80 \\ \(\mathbf{SO_{3}}\) & 4.00 & - & 1.50 & 2.50 \\ \(\mathbf{K_{2}O}\) & 0.49 & 0.58 & 1.20 & 0.49 \\ \(\mathbf{Na_{2}O}\) & 0.24 & 12.88 & 0.50 & 1.91 \\ \(\mathbf{TiO_{2}}\) & 0.19 & 0.09 & 1.04 & 1.21 \\ \(\mathbf{P_{2}O_{5}}\) & 0.16 & 0.03 & 0.20 & 0.29 \\ \(\mathbf{MnO}\) & 0.07 & 0.08 & 0.06 & 0.05 \\ \(\mathbf{LOI}\) & 4.54 & 0.90 & 3.31 & 4.02 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}
Table 1: Chemical composition of raw materials (%/100 g).  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Sieve Size (mm)** & 19.0 & 13.2 & 9.5 & 4.75 & 2.36 & 1.18 & 0.60 & 0.30 & 0.15 & 0.075 \\ \hline
**Fine Aggregate (\% Passing)** & - & - & - & 96 & 75 & 60 & 51 & 33 & 8 & 2 \\
**Coarse Aggregate (\% Passing)** & 100 & 93 & 48 & 1 & - & - & - & - & - \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}
Table 2: Particle size grading of fine and coarse aggregates.  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c c c c c} \hline \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**Type**} & \multicolumn{3}{c}{**Proportion**} & \multicolumn{3}{c}{**Binder (kg/m3)**} & \multicolumn{3}{c}{**Aggregate (kg/m3)**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**Water(kg/m3)**} \\ \cline{2-2} \cline{6-9}  & **GP** & **FAF/FAC** & **G** & **GP** & **FA** & **G** & **Fine** & **Coarse** & \\ \hline \hline
**GP** & 1.00 & - & - & 450 & - & - & 900 & 850 & 180 \\
**FAF30\%** & 0.70 & 0.30 & - & 315 & 135 & - & 900 & 850 & 180 \\
**FAC30\%** & 0.70 & 0.30 & - & 315 & 135 & - & 900 & 850 & 180 \\
**10C30\%** & 0.70 & - & 0.30 & 315 & - & 135 & 900 & 850 & 180 \\
**20G20\%** & 0.80 & - & 0.20 & 360 & - & 90 & 900 & 850 & 180 \\
**20G30\%** & 0.70 & - & 0.30 & 315 & - & 135 & 900 & 850 & 180 \\
**20G40\%** & 0.60 & - & 0.40 & 270 & - & 180 & 900 & 850 & 180 \\
**40G30\%** & 0.70 & - & 0.30 & 315 & - & 135 & 900 & 850 & 180 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}
Table 3: Details of mix proportion and concrete mix design.