# Reference Models for Digital Manufacturing Platforms
## 4 Industrial Internet Integrated Reference Model  
Based on the alignment above, it is possible to represent the different elements of the reference models together and assess to what extent they are relevant for the specific use cases of a digital manufacturing platform. Table 1 highlights the relevance of the definitions in the different reference models for both commercial Industrial IoT platforms and related research projects (**\(\blackcheck\)**--relevant, (**\(\blackcheck\)**)--relevant to some extent, **\(\blackcheck\)****--**out of scope). Other commercial platforms and projects have been considered in the analysis, but only six relevant ones are included in the table below for the sake of presentation. The benchmarking clearly shows that in most cases, definitions of different reference models are relevant (at least to some extent) and, therefore, it is convenient to use an integrated  
Figure 7: IIRA and RAMI 4.0 alignment. reference model which, based on the synergies and complementarities found in the alignment, provides a systematic approach to reinforce them. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c} \hline \hline  & \multicolumn{3}{c}{**Products**} & \multicolumn{3}{c}{**Projects**} \\ \hline
**FEATUREES** & \begin{tabular}{c} **Siemens** \\ **MindSphere** \\ \end{tabular} & \begin{tabular}{c} **PTC** \\ **ThingWorx** \\ \end{tabular} & \begin{tabular}{c} **GE** \\ **Predix** \\ \end{tabular} & \begin{tabular}{c} **ZDMP** \\ **Vf-OS** \\ \end{tabular} & \
\begin{tabular}{c} **vf-OS** \\ \end{tabular} &
\begin{tabular}{c} **CREMA** \\ \end{tabular} \\ \hline
**BUSINESS** & & & & & & \\ \hline Stakeholders & ✓ & ✓ & ✓ & ✓ & ✓ & ✓ \\ Vision & ✓ & ✓ & ✓ & ✓ & ✓ & ✓ \\ Values & ✓ & ✓ & ✓ & ✓ & ✓ & ✓ \\ Key Objectives (ISO 22400) & ✓ & ✓ & ✓ & ✓ & ✓ & ✓ & (✓) \\ Fundamental capabilities & ✓ & ✓ & ✓ & ✓ & ✓ & ✓ & ✓ \\ \hline
**USAGE** & & & & & & & \\ \hline
**NIST PERSPECTIVES** & & & & & & & \\ \hline Business & ✓ & (✓) & (✓) & (✓) & ✓ & ✓ & ✓ \\ Product & ✓ & ✓ & ✓ & ✓ & ✓ & ✓ & ✓ \\ Production & ✓ & (✓) & (✓) & ✓ & ✓ & ✓ & (✓) \\ \hline
**IIRA USE CASE** & & & & & & & \\
**DESCRIPTIONS** & & & & & & & \\
**RAMI 4.0 dimensions** & & & & & & & \\ \hline Layers & & & & & & & \\ Business & ✓ & ✓ & ✓ & ✓ & ✓ & ✓ \\ Functional & ✓ & ✓ & ✓ & ✓ & ✓ & ✓ \\ Information & ✓ & ✓ & ✓ & ✓ & ✓ & ✓ \\ Communication & ✓ & ✓ & ✓ & ✓ & ✓ & ✓ \\ Integration & ✓ & ✓ & ✓ & ✓ & ✓ & ✓ \\ Asset & ✓ & ✓ & ✓ & ✓ & ✓ & ✓ \\ \hline
**Life Cycle & Value stream** & & & & & & \\
**(IEC 6289)** & & & & & & & \\ \hline Type (Development) & ✓ & (✓) & (✓) & (✓) & ✓ & ✓ & (✓) \\ Type (Maintenance/Usage) & ✓ & (✓) & (✓) & ✓ & ✓ & ✓ & (✓) \\ Instance (Production) & ✓ & ✓ & ✓ & ✓ & ✓ & ✓ & ✓ \\ Instance (Maintenance/Usage) & ✓ & ✓ & ✓ & ✓ & ✓ & ✓ & (✓) \\ \hline
**Hierarchy Levels (IEC 62264)** & & & & & & & \\ \hline Product & ✓ & ✓ & ✓ & ✓ & ✗ & ✗ \\ Field Device & ✓ & ✓ & ✓ & ✓ & (✓) & ✗ \\ Control Device & ✓ & ✓ & ✓ & ✓ & (✓) & ✗ \\ Station & ✓ & ✓ & ✓ & ✓ & (✓) & ✗ \\ Work Centers & ✓ & ✓ & ✓ & ✓ & ✓ & ✗ \\ Enterprise & ✓ & ✓ & ✓ & ✓ & ✓ & (✓) \\ Connected World & ✓ & ✓ & ✓ & ✓ & ✓ & ✓ \\ \hline
**AMS 300-5 layers** & & & & & & & \\ \hline Cloud & ✓ & ✓ & ✓ & ✓ & ✓ & ✓ \\ Transformation & ✓ & ✓ & ✓ & ✓ & ✓ & ✓ \\ Model Ecosystem & ✓ & ✓ & ✓ & ✓ & ✓ & ✓ \\ Manufacturing System & ✓ & ✓ & ✓ & ✓ & ✓ & ✓ \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 1: Reference Model Benchmarking. This section presents a reference model for digital manufacturing platforms use cases: the Industrial Internet Integrated Reference Model (I3 RM), which integrates features of IIRA, NIST, and RAMI 4.0 reference models and architectural patterns, to facilitate the definition of the system architecture of digital manufacturing platforms. Each of the analyzed reference models is suitable depending on the purpose for which it is used. The I3 RM is a broader proposal as it integrates all the views of the current models and new ones that are necessary for current detected needs of digital manufacturing platforms.