# Wind-Induced Dynamic Performance Evaluation of Tall Buildings Considering Future Wind Climate
## 1 Introduction
[PERSON] and [PERSON] [16] noted that typhoons impacting East and Southeast Asia have strengthened by 12-15% (-5 m/s) during the last 37 years (1977-2014), highlighting a significant increase in both the frequency and intensity of major storms (category 4 and 5). [PERSON] and [PERSON] [17] observed an increasing number of rapidly intensifying tropical cyclones (RI-TCs) among the total number of tropical cyclones from 1986 to 2015 as a consequence of global warming. [PERSON] et al. [18] examined the long-term trend in the annual mean of lifetime maximum intensity (LMI) of RI-TCs across the Western North Pacific Ocean (WNP) and identified an increase in the average from 1970 to 2019, indicating an increase in typhoon strength. Collectively, these research studies suggest that climate change will increase the risk of tropical cyclones and their accompanying wind speeds. A tall building structure must securely withstand the strong winds it will encounter over its anticipated lifespan. While wind-induced vibrations may not compromise structural integrity, they can cause discomfort to occupants. Various standards, such as those from the Architectural Institute of Japan (AIJ) [19] and ISO 10137 [20], provide criteria for evaluating building motion to ensure occupant comfort. However, these changing climatic conditions can significantly alter the wind loads that buildings experience, potentially posing challenges to buildings that currently meet safety and serviceability standards in the future. [PERSON] [21] investigated the effects of climate change on wind loading for tall buildings, particularly in urban areas like Toronto. The study proposed a multidisciplinary framework that utilizes computational fluid dynamics simulations to evaluate a building's response under current and projected future wind conditions. The results suggested the current design of the building may be insufficient to withstand wind loads in future wind scenarios. Recently, [PERSON] et al. [22] investigated the effects of climate change on the wind-induced responses of high-rise buildings, focusing on safety and serviceability. Their results indicated a significant increase in predicted wind speeds by 2100 compared to current conditions. The study also found a significant increase in the building's acceleration response under climate change scenarios, potentially impacting occupant comfort, especially on higher floors. Despite numerous researchers having investigated the wind-induced responses of tall buildings [23; 24; 25; 26], there has not been enough comprehensive comparative study of these responses under wind loads throughout history and in the future due to climate change. This study aims to investigate the impact of climate change on the performance of tall building structures by conducting wind analysis under historical and projected future wind conditions. This study employs the time history analysis method to conduct a dynamic analysis of a building under along-wind vibrations. The numerical vibration analysis method is validated by comparing the numerically simulated response of the building with the response from the wind tunnel test. Moreover, this study presents a time-domain Monte Carlo simulation framework for probabilistic vibration exceedance assessment of the building, which aims to estimate the failure probability against human occupant comfort criteria, considering historical and future wind conditions. Furthermore, the fragility curve is plotted as a function of mean wind speed. This study provides a basis for variation in the performance of buildings under historical and future wind speeds due to climate change, which can help quantify the change in acceleration response with change in wind speed in the coming decades to ensure the building's safety and serviceability throughout its lifespan.