## 2 Methods
### Adjusting Spread Factor for Balance between Distance-Stress and Local Topology
t-SNE is dependent on perplexity parameter, whereas Sammon mapping used lambda as the initial value of the step size during optimization. Hence TPDS is not an exception in terms of dependency on one or two parameters. Overall, we have presented an approach to improve the existing method for distance preservation-based dimension reduction by resolving multiple issues so that information of heterogeneity among data-points is not lost and overall classification can also be improved. The following are available online at [[http://www.mdpi.com/1999-4893/13/8/192/s1](http://www.mdpi.com/1999-4893/13/8/192/s1)]([http://www.mdpi.com/1999-4893/13/8/192/s1](http://www.mdpi.com/1999-4893/13/8/192/s1)). [PERSON] and [PERSON] planned the study. [PERSON] chose and curated the data-sets for evaluation. [PERSON] implemented the code and used it on data-set. [PERSON] gave suggestion and helped during revision of manuscript. [PERSON] supervised the study and wrote the manuscript. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript. Internal funds for internship and Phd fellowship provided by IIIT Delhi, were used for this study

We would like to thank [PERSON] for feedback in initial phase of implementation. The authors declare no conflict of interest. The Parkinson's data by [PERSON] et al., SCADI and mouse protein data-sets are available at UCI database ([[https://archive.ics.uci.edu/ml/datasets.php](https://archive.ics.uci.edu/ml/datasets.php)]([https://archive.ics.uci.edu/ml/datasets.php](https://archive.ics.uci.edu/ml/datasets.php))). Single cell expression data published by [PERSON] et al. is available at GEO database (GEO id: GSE81861). The code of TPDS and data used here for evaluation is available at github ([[https://github.com/reggenlab/TPDS](https://github.com/reggenlab/TPDS)]([https://github.com/reggenlab/TPDS](https://github.com/reggenlab/TPDS))). ## Abbreviations

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