# A Mobility Management Using Follow-Me Cloud-Cloudlet in Fog-Computing-Based RANs for Smart Cities
## 2 Related Works
### Related Works  
The work mainly discusses the mobility management in the fog-computing-based RANs for smart city. There are some results for fog-computing-based RANs and some related handover works in [1; 2; 3; 10; 11; 12; 13]. [PERSON] et al. [1] had explained the background, effect, and application of the edge computing. Edge computing is a new paradigm in which substantial computing and storage resources--variously referred to as cloudlets, micro datacenters, or fog nodes--are placed at the Internet's edge in close proximity to mobile devices or sensors [1]. [PERSON] et al. [2] proposed some issues and challenges about fog-computing-based radio access networks. [PERSON] et al. [2] declared that the fog-RAN-based architecture is a model for the 5-G mobile networks. The main idea includes local radio signal processing, cooperative radio resource management and distributed storing capabilities in edge devices. [PERSON] et al. [3] considered a hybrid architecture, referred to as fog RAN (F-RAN), and presented an information-theoretic framework. The information-theoretic framework characterized the main trade-offs between performance of an F-RAN, in terms of the worst case of the delivery latency and resources of caching and fronthaul capacities. [PERSON] et al. [10] developed the offloading services from the cloud to the edge of networks in fog-computing-based platform for offering the real-time data services to the nearby data terminal. [PERSON] et al. [11] defined the fog radio access network (Fog-RAN) architecture in [11]. Fog-RAN is an emerging wireless network architecture. This architecture utilizes the caching capabilities at the edge nodes to provide a low data access latency. [PERSON] et al. [12] studied about the energy consumption problem of nano data centers (nDCs) for the edge computing data center. [PERSON] et al. [13] introduced the Fog-Radio Access Network (F-RAN) architecture to bring the efficient computing capability of the cloud to the network edge. By distributing computing-intensive tasks to multiple F-RAN nodes, F-RAN has the potential to meet the requirements of those ultra low-latency applications. Some results of distributed mobility managements are reported in the literature. For instance, [PERSON] et al. [14] presented a network-based DMM solution. This work also developed an analytical model to evaluate the handover latency and the packet loss. To improve the performance during the handover, this work specifies a buffer technique at the new Mobile Anchor Access Router (nMAAR) for the packet buffering. [PERSON] et al. [15] also designed a network-based fully distributed mobility management in flattened network architecture. In addition, some SDN-based mobility managements are recently reported in [16; 17; 18; 19; 20; 21; 22; 23]. One interest result is a SDN-based handover result reported in [16; 17]. [PERSON] et al. [16] provides a useful survey on proxy mobile IPv6 hsndover. [PERSON] et al. [17] proposed an inter-domain IP mobility solution with route optimization using the SDN-based proxy mobile IPv6. [PERSON] et al. [18] focused on extending SDN paradigm to mobility handling in the Internet, and to propose the design, implementation and deployment of a software-defined IP mobility architecture. [PERSON] et al. [19] proposed a dynamic switch migration scheme by dynamically adapting the the data flow to realize the load balance among multiple SDN controller. [PERSON] et al. [20] proposed an X2-based handover procedure in an SDN-based LTE architecture. [PERSON] et al. [22] proposed a distributed mobility management (DMM) and a user rate-perceived (URP) algorithm over a 3-TierSDN-based architecture. [PERSON] et al. [23] proposed a new load balancing solution in SDN-based data center networks. Mobility management results using the concept of follow-me cloud (FMC) are recently studied in [7; 24; 25; 26; 27]. [PERSON] et al. [24] proposed proxy MIPv6-based FMC in [24] by a inter-domain distributed mobility management. [PERSON] et al.