## 4 Discussion
Therefore, the data and images obtained from CBCT provide valuable insights across various categories of aspects in the craniofacial region [38]. CBCT produces anatomically accurate 3D images without magnification or distortion, enabling precise measurements in all three dimensions (sagittal, frontal, and transverse). This allows for a comprehensive understanding of the pharyngeal morphology in growing children and provides valuable insights that aid in diagnosis and treatment planning. Moreover, 3D imaging has become invaluable for quality control in industrial settings. Traditional methods for assessing facial structures and dentition have become outdated because of their limitations. In medicine, the predominant method used is 3D imaging, which provides detailed information on hard and soft tissues. Techniques, such as CT, CBCT, micro-computerized tomography, 3D laser scanning, structured light techniques, and stereophotogrammetry, and 3D surface imaging modalities, such as 3 dMD, 3D facial morphometry, tuned aperture CT, and magnetic resonance imaging, offer precise and problem-specific insights. These advanced imaging modalities significantly enhance diagnostic accuracy and treatment planning in various medical fields [38]. Furthermore, to better evaluate the relationship between respiratory function and airway morphology, [PERSON] et al. [39] utilized fluid-mechanical simulation to assess the ventilation status of the entire upper airway. These cutting-edge technologies open avenues for novel approaches, such as constructing virtual patients by overlaying the soft tissue, facial skeleton, and/or dentition. Future well-designed studies are essential to gain a deeper understanding of airway dynamics and to develop real-time four-dimensional virtual airway models that simulate patients in action [40]. Thus far, there has been no research related to Vietnamese skeletal classification and facial growth type distribution or their impact on the upper airway dimensions. Hence, this study represents an inaugural examination of the upper airway dimensions in the Vietnamese population, adding a novel dimension to existing research. A small nose and protruding upper lip are characteristic features of many East Asian individuals with mandibular pragmatism. A common surgical intervention involves clockwise rotation of the maxillomandibular complex and impaction of the maxillary posterior region to achieve an aesthetically pleasing facial profile. However, this procedure can lead to an upward displacement of the tongue, which may exert pressure on the soft palate, resulting in significant narrowing of the airway at this level [41]. Therefore, our study also offers surgeons a comprehensive overview of the pre-esthetic surgical characteristics of Vietnamese patients. Our focus was on analyzing the airway dimensions in adults. However, future studies should also include children. Additionally, comparing our findings with those of studies conducted in other populations could offer valuable insights into potential ethnicity-related differences in upper airway dimensions. This comparative approach may contribute to a more comprehensive understanding of variations in airway anatomy across different demographic groups.