## 6 Conclusions and Future Directions  
ITS, the IoV, and VANETs can be transformed by DLT. A DLT's decentralization, transparency, security, and immutability can help stakeholders address data sharing, trust management, and privacy issues in these networked systems. DLT can create secure data-sharing platforms, efficient payment systems, and decentralized marketplaces for vehicle digital assets and services in ITS, IoV, and VANETs. Smart contracts automate processes, improving stakeholder transactions. Despite its promise, DLT implementation in ITS, IoV, and VANETs must address scalability, latency, energy efficiency, and privacy issues. DLT's full potential in establishing intelligent, safe, and sustainable transportation systems in smart cities depends on further research and development in these areas and the deployment of proper consensus algorithms and blockchain platforms. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{l c c c c c c c c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Attributes** & **PoW** & **PoS** & **DPoS** & **LPoS** & **PoI** & **PoA** & **PoET** & **PoB** & **PoC** & **BFT** & **PBFT** & **Tangle** & **NPoRa** \\ \hline Hardware Requirements & H & M & M & M & M & M & M & M-H & M & M & L-M & L-M \\ \hline Pre-Trust Level & L & M & M & M & M & H & M & M & M & H & H & M & L-M \\ \hline Tolerance Level & M & M & M & M & M & H & M & M & M & H & H & L-M & H \\ \hline Overhead Computation & H & M & L & M & M & L & L & M & M & M & M & L & L \\ \hline Centralization Level & M & M & M & M & M & H & M & M & M & H & H & M-H & L \\ \hline Scalability Level & M & M & M & M & M & H & M & M & M & H & H & H \\ \hline Latency Level & M & M & M & M & M & H & M & M & M & H & H & L & L-M \\ \hline Cost Level & M & M & M & M & M & H & M & M & M & H & H & M & L \\ \hline Security Level & M & M & M & M & M & H & M & M & M & H & H & M & H \\ \hline ITS Compatibility & L & L & L & L & L & L-M & L & L & L & L-M & M-H & H & H \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 10: Comparative Analysis between Current Consensus Algorithm with Related Works. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{l c c c} \hline \hline
**Consensus Algorithm** & **Ledger** & **Tolerance** & **DLT Type** & **Trust Type** \\ \hline Proof of Work (PoW) [67] & Full & \textless{}25\% & Public/Permissionless & No Trust \\ \hline Proof of Stake (PoS) [67] & Full & \textless{}51\% & Public/Permissionless & No Trust \\ \hline Byzantine Fault Tolerance (BFT) [68] & Full & \textless{}33.3\% & Private/Permissioned & Trust \\ \hline Federated BFT (PBFT) [69] & Full & \textless{}33.3\% & Private/Permissioned & Trust \\ \hline Practical BFT (PBFT) [69] & Full & \textless{}33.3\% & Private/Permissioned & Trust \\ \hline Proof of Authority (PoA) [70;71] & Full & \textless{}51\% & Public/Permissioned & Trust \\ \hline NPoRa Figure 7 (Current) & Portion/Full & \textless{}100\% & Public/Permissioned & Manufacturing Trust \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 9: A Perspective Comparative of the Proposed Consensus Algorithm with Related Works. FlexiChain Technology 3.0 has been proposed as an ITS platform that could provide safe and secure operation and a scalable architecture that could match the expected operation volumes in the IoV. FlexiChain 3.0 achieved 2.3 trx/s, which is not an optimal target but adequate to serve IoV. However, these results provide motivation to optimize the implementation and reduce latency by using better mechanisms to elect a block location. Security analysis has been introduced to show that the security measures used in FlexiChain were a match to the ones used in the blockchain. The difference is that FlexiChain is BlockDAG, and its highest security is achieved early stages. The integration between DLTs and AI will complete the missing pieces of both technologies. AI is a future target to integrate FlexiChain with Deep Reinforcement Learning models for better authority distribution and autonomous authentication. The next mode of transportation, the Decentralized Intelligent Transportation System (DITS), is still in its infancy.