## 3 Results and Discussion
### Literature Revision of Materials Applied for Cool Surfaces
#### 3.3.5 Glass  
According to the publications presented in Table 5, the use of glass is discussed through the 12 most relevant publications that are related to the themes of buildings and the cleaner production of materials. The publications are affiliated with research entities based in different countries and that are not concentrated in a specific one. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{p{113.8 pt} p{113.8 pt} p{113.8 pt} p{113.8 pt} p{113.8 pt}} \hline \hline
**Title of Publ.** & **Authors** & **Journal** & **Year of Publ.** & **Ref.** & **Country of Affiliation** \\ \hline Optic-energy and visual comfort analysis of retro-reflective building plasters. & [PERSON], [PERSON] applications & _Building and Environment_ & 2020 & [83] & Italy \\ Waste glass in civil engineering applications—A review. & [PERSON], [PERSON] and [PERSON] & _International Journal of Applied Ceramic Technology Waste Management and Research_ & 2020 & [112] & Australia \\ Reuse of waste glass in building brick production. & [PERSON] & _Waste Management and Research_ & 2009 & [113] & Turkey \\ Utilization of waste glass to enhance physical-mechanical properties of fired clay brick. & [PERSON] [PERSON], [PERSON], and [PERSON] & _Journal of Cleaner Production_ & 2016 & [114] & Thailand \\ Properties of Fixed Clay Bricks Mixed with Waste Glass. & [PERSON], and [PERSON] & _Journal of Scientific Research and Reports_ & 2017 & [115] & Palestine \\ The role of glass waste in the production of ceramic-based products and other applications: A review. & [PERSON], [PERSON], [PERSON], and [PERSON] & _Journal of Cleaner Production_ & 2017 & [116] & Portugal, United Kingdom \\ Effect of waste glass on properties of burnt clay bricks. & [PERSON], [PERSON], [PERSON], and [PERSON] & _Pakistan Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences_ & 2018 & [117] & Canada \\ [PERSON], [PERSON], [PERSON] & _Journal of Cleaner Production_ & 2018 & [118] & Australia, Pakistan, Hong Gong \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 5: Most important publications about glass. Recently, numerous solutions for cool materials have been developed through the academic research in terms of sustainability, which have paved the way for substituting raw materials and using secondary ones. Waste glass was introduced as an alternative as a solution to the increased need for efficient waste management strategies. Using glass as a secondary material in the fabrication of ceramic materials enhances the mechanical behavior and the sintering action because of its amorphous structure [112]. Different percentages of waste glass have been tested in different studies for the fabrication of clay bricks, and, in general, the mechanical and thermal behaviors of these materials were affected by the percentage of the substitution, the size of the waste glass particles, and the chemical composition of each type [113; 114; 115; 116; 117; 118]. For the fabrication of tiles, 41 wt.% of waste glass demonstrated good flexural strength and abrasion resistance when using the boron-rich waste glass as a sintering promoter [119]. However, [PERSON] et al. [120] demonstrated that the addition of high amounts of glass (>30 wt.%) into ceramic bodies is undesirable because of its negative effect on the physical properties. The integration of glass into the matrix of cool materials was mostly in its finest structure; in general, good results were obtained when using small-sized particles of glass. For instance, hollow glass microspheres were integrated into an asphalt mixture, which resulted in a 40% decrease in the thermal conductivity, and a 60% increase in the infrared reflectance [121; 122]. In the same sense, it was demonstrated that glass spheres incorporated in RR materials showed good results in terms of the energy reflected beyond the canyon for the building envelopes, in addition to the road-traffic-marking efficiency [83].