## 3 Results  
### Progeny Production  
ANOVA parameters with the main effects are presented in Table 1. At the 65 d interval, progeny production on wheat was high when _S. orgaze_ was added alone at 25 \({}^{\circ}\)C (114 adults/vial) (Figure 1A). When both species were combined, the progeny production was very low for both species at both temperatures, especially for _S. orgaze_ (12-17 adults/vial) (Figure 1A), and significant differences were noted. On wheat at 30 \({}^{\circ}\)C, progeny production was lower than at 25 \({}^{\circ}\)C for both species, except for _S. orgaze_ combined with _S. granarius_ in the same vials (Figure 1B).  
After 120 days, on wheat, progeny production was higher when _S. orgaze_ and _S. granarius_ were alone, but no significant differences were noted (Figure 2A). A high number of progeny was recorded on vials containing barley with _S. orgaze_ alone (121 adults/vial) (Figure 2A). _Stiophilus granarius_ showed an increased reduction in progeny production (6 adults/vial) when _S. orgaze_ was present, especially at 30 \({}^{\circ}\)C (Figure 2B). In general, progeny production was reduced when both species were present in the same vials compared with the vials that contained only one species.  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c c} \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**Insect Species**} & \multirow{2}{*}{_df_} & \multicolumn{3}{c}{_S. orgaze_} & \multicolumn{3}{c}{_S. granarius_} & \multicolumn{3}{c}{_S. orgaze_ + _S. granarius_} \\ \cline{3-8}  & & \(F\) & \(p\) & \(F\) & \(p\) & \(F\) & \(p\) \\ \hline Model & 7 & 2.29 & 0.037 & 1.58 & 0.156 & 1.91 & 0.083 \\ Intercept & & 137.15 & \textless{}0.001 & 176.5 & \textless{}0.001 & 53.64 & \textless{}0.001 \\ Temperature & 1 & 0.38 & 0.537 & 8.47 & 0.005 & 2.47 & 0.121 \\ Commodity & 1 & 0.01 & 0.986 & 0.20 & 0.654 & 7.21 & 0.009 \\ Days & 1 & 5.96 & 0.017 & 0.23 & 0.623 & 0.66 & 0.420 \\ Temperature X Commodity & 1 & 0.59 & 0.446 & 0.11 & 0.741 & 0.19 & 0.661 \\ Temperature X Days & 1 & 1.36 & 0.247 & 1.99 & 0.163 & 1.09 & 0.299 \\ Commodity X Days & 1 & 6.34 & 0.014 & 0.01 & 0.921 & 1.1 & 0.287 \\ Temperature X Commodity X Days & 1 & 1.46 & 0.231 & 0.07 & 0.794 & 0.58 & 0.450 \\ \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}
Table 1: ANOVA parameters for progeny counts (number of adults/vial \(\pm\) SE) of _Stiophilus orgaze_ and _Stiophilus granarius_, when the species were either alone or in combination, at 25 or 30 \({}^{\circ}\)C after 65 or 120 days contained on wheat or barley (in all cases, error _df_ = 64).  
Figure 1: Progeny counts (number of adults/vial \(\pm\) SE) of _Sitophilus oryzae_ and _Sitophilus granarius_, when the species were either alone or in combination, at 25 (**A**) or 30 \({}^{\circ}\)C (**B**) after 65 days on wheat or barley. Within each species, means followed by the same uppercase letter do not differ significantly (in all cases, _df_ = 1.17; Student’s \(t\) test at \(p\) = 0.05). Within each column and commodity, means followed by the same lowercase letter do not differ significantly (in all cases, _df_ = 3,35; Tukey HSD test at \(p\) = 0.05). Where no letters exist, no significant differences were noted.  
Figure 2: Progeny counts (number of adults/vial \(\pm\) SE) of _Stiophilus oryzae_ and _Stiophilus granarius_, when the species were either alone or in combination, at 25 (**A**) or 30 \({}^{\circ}\)C (**B**) after 120 days on wheat or barley. Within each species, means followed by the same uppercase letter do not differ significantly (in all cases, \(df=1.17\); Student’s \(t\) test at \(p=0.05\)). Within each column and commodity, means followed by the same lowercase letter do not differ significantly (in all cases, \(df=3.35\); Tukey–Kramer HSD test at \(p=0.05\)). Where no letters exist, no significant differences were noted.