## 1 Introduction  
Ad hoc networks are self-configuring networks of mobile devices connected by wireless links. The devices are free to move and organize themselves in an arbitrary fashion. Ad hoc networks are suitable for situations where an infrastructure is unavailable or ineffective to deploy. Examples are emergency operations, disaster relief operations, temporary networks, transient vehicle-to-vehicle communication and tactical military networks. In most of these settings multipoint-to-multipoint multimedia communication is a requirement. Multicast is an efficient method to implement multipoint-to-multipointcommunication. Multimedia content also requires networks with predictable service or Quality of Service (QoS). As Internet is making the transition to a ubiquitous network, available anytime and anywhere, more and more of the communication will be over wireless technologies. As already mentioned, not all this can be handled in the context of single hop as in cellular or wireless access. Future Internet will therefore to a larger extent than today also incorporate ad hoc networks. More important, the functionality and the protocols of the future internet must seamlessly handle the challenges of multihop wireless communication. Our intention is to describe the design space of the protocols for QoS enabled multicast. In addition, we summarize the simulation scenarios used to evaluate these protocols. The end result of the survey is an identification of possible areas and scenarios that could benefit from a more in-depth investigation. There are several surveys and reviews on the separate topics of QoS and multicast in ad hoc networks. [PERSON] _et al._[6], in a paper from 2002, summarized issues and challenges for supporting multicast in ad hoc networks. They classified the multicast protocols as proactive and reactive, tree and non-tree approaches and summarized some of the more typical protocols. The survey is a few years old and does not include QoS multicast in ad hoc networks. In [5], [PERSON] _et al._ presented a multicast \"life cycle\" model for fixed networks. They considered three important events happening during a life cycle, namely group dynamics, network dynamics, and traffic dynamics. They also examined some issues and solutions for managing group dynamics and handling failure in QoS multicasting. [PERSON] _et al._[3] in 2002 and [PERSON] _et al._[4] in 2006 both described the issues and challenges in providing QoS for ad hoc networks. They identified a set of required components for all QoS solutions: (1) a QoS routing protocol, (2) a resource reservation scheme, and (3) a QoS capable medium access control (MAC) layer. [PERSON] _et al._[7] surveyed various QoS routing solutions for MANETs published in the period 1997-2006. They focused on QoS routing metrics, resources, and factors affecting performance. The protocols were grouped based on their interaction with MAC protocol. [PERSON] _et al._[1] surveyed multicast routing protocols and classified them into two categories, application independent multicast routing and multicast routing aimed for specific application requirements. The latter group was divided into subcategories based on requirements for QoS, energy efficiency, network coding, and reliable transfer. However, these surveys only cover some of the subtopics of QoS multicast in ad hoc networks. To our knowledge, there are only two reviews covering the full topic [2, 10]. [PERSON] _et al._[2] reviewed nine protocols and presented a short description, advantages, and disadvantages of these protocols. [PERSON] [10] reviewed seven QoS multicast routing protocols. The focus was on QoS routing protocols. They were classified based on their dependency on other protocols, whether they could function as a sublayer, as an enhancement of existing protocols, or whether they were completely independent. Both surveys only include a limited subset of the protocols we have analyzed. Their focus is also only on some of the elements we are targeting.