# Self-Care IoT Platform for Diabetic Mellitus
## 2 The Proposed Self-Care IoT Platform for Diabetics
### Automatic Recording of Blood Glucose with Patient's Status  
A diabetic patient requires regular monitoring of their BG levels to help them achieve as close to normal BG levels as possible for as much time as possible. Patients measure their blood glucose on an empty stomach, before and after meals, and before bedtime. Additionally, the patients measure when they feel hypoglycemia or hyperglycemia. The patient then records the BG levels and the patient's condition at measurement, as shown in Table 2. It helps the patients to understand the relationship between the BG level and their life patterns.  
Most commercial glucometers automatically record the date, time, and BG readings in the internal memory and display them on screen. Then, they transmit the data to a computer or smartphone. However, the patients should record their condition at measurement by themselves. Unlike conventional glucometers, the proposed self-care IoT platform shares data with other IoT devices, and it automatically records a patient's status when the patient  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c} \hline \hline
**Types** & **IoT Devices** \\ \hline Blood glucose levels & Glucometer \\ Physical activities & Wearable band and aerobic exercise equipment \\ Food intake & Smart food tray \\ Dosage or Injection & Smart medication monitor \\ Wake up and Sleeping time & Wearable band \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}
Table 1: Self-care IoT pack to obtain detailed lifestyle information for diabetic Mellitus.  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c} \hline \hline
**Date** & **Time** & **B.G levels** & **Conditions** \\ \hline
13 September 2019 & 17:14 & 242 & Pre-dinner \\  & & & Post-exercise (60 min) \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}
Table 2: The example of blood glucose measurement recording.  
measures BG levels. In this paper, we divide patient status into six categories, as shown in Table 3. The proposed platform also supports manual recording by the patient for exceptional cases.  
The detailed explanation of how devices in the proposed self-care IoT platform automatically distinguish status is as follows. First, the wearable band is responsible for automatically determining whether the patient measures blood glucose on an empty stomach, before bedtime, before exercise, or after exercise. This band incorporates an acceleration sensor and a 3-axis sensor. These sensors identify the user's wake-up and sleep times. It also obtains the number of steps of the user over time. It helps to calculate the pre-and post-exercise time.  
Second, the proposed food ray shares the patient's mealtime information with a glucometer. Whenever the patients eat a meal using the food tray, they should press the start and stop button on the food tray to inform the meal's exact beginning and ending time. Then, the food tray calculates the weight difference for each food as the intake. Therefore, BG measurement before and after mealtime should be matched as pre-meal and post-meal, respectively.  
Third, a wearable band or the exercise data acquisition (DAQ) in aerobic equipment distinguishes pre-exercise or post-exercise BG levels. They obtain the start time and end time automatically using the gyro and 3-axis acceleration sensors integrated. For example, BG readings within 1 h of exercise should be recorded as pre-exercise blood glucose level and blood glucose measurements within 1 h and 30 min after exercise BG level.