## 1 Introduction  
Sites refer to physical remains left by ancient human activities, reflecting human activities, human-environment relationships, and historical-cultural landscapes of specific periods [1]. The spatial and temporal distribution of sites is crucial for understanding the origin, development, and evolution of human civilizations, as well as revealing the interactions and influences between ancient human activities and the natural environment [2,3]. Located in the southwestern region of China, Sichuan Province boasts a long history and profound cultural heritage. Represented by the Sanxingdui and Jinsha sites, the ancient Shu civilization exhibits a cultural landscape distinct from that of the Central Plains civilization. The formation and development of the ancient Shu civilization, as well as the ancient sites across Sichuan Province, provide significant case studies for researching the origin and evolution of early civilizations, playing an essential role in revealing the diversity of Chinese civilization. These sites are indispensable for re-evaluating the historical trajectory of the origin and development of Chinese civilization [4]. Currently, numerous scholars have conducted extensive research on the spatial and temporal distribution of archaeological sites. [PERSON] et al. analyzed the spatial distribution characteristics of Peiligang culture settlements in Henan, revealing a clustered distribution pattern during the Peiligang period, which provides insights for re-evaluating and understanding this culture [5]. [PERSON] employed geographic information system (GIS) statistical methods to analyze the structure and spatial distribution patterns of Neolithic sites in the Bylany region, obtaining detailed distribution results within individual sites [6]. [PERSON] et al. conducted a comprehensive investigation of the spatial distribution of Paleolithic sites in the Bose Basin using GIS and remote sensing methods, concluding that site density gradually decreases from the northwest to the southeast [7]. Many scholars have also explored the relationship between rivers and site distribution. [PERSON] et al. studied the spatial distribution and evolution of settlements from the Neolithic to the Bronze Age in the Dalian region, noting that sites were primarily located in river valleys and near water bodies [8]. [PERSON] et al. collected archaeological site data from the Sanhe region to discuss and elaborate on the distribution characteristics of early Chinese civilizations in the middle reaches of the Yellow River, concluding that human settlements were situated on higher ground near rivers [9]. [PERSON] et al. used kernel density analysis and topographic analysis to identify the distribution characteristics of sites along rivers in Shaanxi Province from the Han to the Sui-Tang periods, as well as their changing trends across different dynasties [10]. [PERSON] et al. conducted archaeological excavations at 26 sites in northern France, revealing that the sites are primarily distributed on hillsides and plains in the region, often located on river terraces or high ground, which facilitated access to water and hunting resources [11]. [PERSON] et al. carried out a systematic geoarchaeological survey in the central and southern Negev Desert of Israel, demonstrating significant regional differences in the spatial distribution of sites. Sites are more densely concentrated in the north and center, while they are sparser in the south [12]. [PERSON] et al. integrated archaeological site data to analyze population movements and settlement patterns during the Neolithic transition in Western Europe. They found that early sites were predominantly located in coastal plains and estuarine areas, such as the Languedoc region in France, before expanding into inland mountainous and plateau regions [13]. [PERSON] et al. studied Late Paleolithic sites in the Cantabrian region, noting that most sites are located in caves, with a few in rock shelters, and nearly half of the sites are situated at elevations below 100 m [14].