## 11 Conclusions  
In this article, numerical and measurement representation of a modified Coptic cross shape-based metamaterial is presented in which the unit cell and array structure was designed, simulated, and investigated using CST and HFSS simulator. The proposed unit is fabricated on a FR-4 substrate with an electrical dimension of 0.074\(\lambda\)\(\times\) 0.074\(\lambda\), and \(\lambda\) is calculated at the frequency of 2.02 GHz. The simulated resonance frequencies using CST and HFSS are 2.02, 6.985, 9.985, and 14.425 GHz; 2.05, 6.97, 9.98, and 14.215 GHz, respectively. The measured resonance frequencies using Agilent N5227 PNA Microwave Network Analyzer are 1.77, 7.181, 9.787, and 14.425 GHz. The simulated results cover the S-, C-, X-, and Ku-band; additionally, measured results incorporate the L-, C-, X-, and Ku-band. In addition, the effective permittivity shows as negative at all resonance frequencies, whilst effective permeability exhibits near zero characteristics that treat the metamaterial as an SNG. Comparing simulation and measurement results shows strong agreement. The equivalent circuit model is sketched in the ADS simulator and the response of \(S_{21}\) agrees very well with the CST and HFSS simulation results. This study was also rigorously performed using surface current, H-field, and E-field analysis, and the overall performance is superior and better than other work described in this article. The inexpensive FR-4 substrate and small electrical size provide the desired resonance frequency and exhibit a high EMR of 13.50. Therefore, the proposed modified Coptic cross shape-based metamaterial can be widely used for S-, C-, X-, and Ku-band satellite applications. S-band is employed for Mobile Satellite Service (MSS) networks, C-band can be used in commercial telecommunications via satellites, X-band satellite communication is utilized by military forces, and Ku-band can also be applied to satellite TV networks and satellite communication systems. Conceptualization, M.B.H. and M.R.I.F. ; methodology, M.B.H. and M.R.I.F. ; software, M.B.H. ; validation, M.B.H., M.R.I.F., M.T.I. and M.U.K. ; formal analysis, M.B.H. and M.R.I.F. ; investigation, M.B.H. and M.R.I.F. ; data curation, M.B.H. ; writing--original draft preparation, M.B.H. ; writing--review and editing, M.B.H., M.R.I.F. and M.T.I. ; visualization, M.B.H., M.R.I.F., M.T.I., M.U.K., A.S. and N.T. ; supervision, M.R.I.F. ; project administration, M.R.I.F. ; funding acquisition, A.S. and N.T. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript. The authors express their gratitude to Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University Researchers Supporting Project (Grant No. PNURSP2022R12), Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c} \hline \hline
**References** & **Published Year** & **Dimension (Physical and Electrical)** & **Resonance Frequencies (GHz)** & **Frequency Band** & **EMR** \\ \hline
[24] & 2021 & 9 \(\times\) 9 mm\({}^{2}\) & 2.896, 8.11, 9.76, 12.48, 13.49 & S, X, Ku & 11.51 \\
[30] & 2020 & 9 \(\times\) 9 mm\({}^{2}\) & 3.1, 10.1, 11.8, 12.44 & S, C, X & 13.16 \\
[31] & 2020 & 9 \(\times\) 9 mm\({}^{2}\) & 4.15, 10.38, 14.93 & C, X, Ku & 8.03 \\
[38] & 2021 & 10 \(\times\) 10 mm\({}^{2}\) & 4.20, 10.14, 13.15, 17.1 & C, X, Ku & 7.14 \\
[39] & 2021 & 8 \(\times\) 8 mm\({}^{2}\) & 2.86, 5, 8.30 & S, C, X & 13.1 \\
[39] & 2022 & 11 \(\times\) 11 mm\({}^{2}\) & 2.02, 6.985, 9.985, 14.425 & S, C, X, Ku & 13.50 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 2: Comparison with recent published metamaterial work. * _[PERSON] et al. (2021)_ [PERSON], [PERSON]; [PERSON] [PERSON]; [PERSON]; [PERSON] Modified double dumbbell-shaped split-ring resonator-based negative permittivity metamaterial for satellite communications with high effective medium ratio. _Sci. Rep._**2021**, _11_, 19331. [CrossRef]
* _[PERSON] et al. (2017)_ [PERSON]; [PERSON]; [PERSON].