## 6 Conclusions  
In conclusion, this study presents results from the retrospective analysis of the major earthquake that occurred in Italy in November 2022, applying a multiparametric and multilayer approach. This approach involved analyzing data from different geophysical layers (lithosphere, atmosphere, and ionosphere) engaged in the coupling process during the earthquake preparation phase. In the ca. 1200 days preceding the Fano EQ, anomalies appeared primarily from the lowest level (seismic data in the lithosphere) to the higher levels (atmosphere and ionosphere), following an overall acceleration pattern. This confirms that the observed anomalies, which originated during the EQ preparation phase and progressed  
Figure 16: In a comprehensive approach of the anomalies, the cumulative number of anomalies for Fano EQ is shown here. It is possible to notice that the anomalies appear in time mostly from below (seismic data in the lithosphere) to above (atmosphere and ionosphere). The red curve is an exponential fit of the data. thermodynamically from the lithosphere to the atmosphere and ionosphere, seem to be consistent with the delayed coupling model. However, the presence of a satellite anomaly between other atmospheric anomalies also seems to confirm the possibility of another direct coupling. Therefore, the overall results would confirm a two-way LAIC model. Conceptualization, M.O. and A.D.S. ; Data curation, M.O., A.D.S., M.D.C., L.P., S.A.C., G.C., A.P., S.D., M.C., C.F., D.S. and M.S. ; Formal analysis, M.O., A.D.S., M.D.C., L.P., S.A.C., G.C., A.P., S.D., M.C., C.F., D.S. and M.S. ; Funding acquisition, A.D.S. and L.P.; Investigation, M.O., A.D.S., M.D.C., L.P., S.A.C., G.C., A.P., S.D., M.C., C.F., A.N., D.S. and M.S. ; Methodology, M.O., A.D.S., M.D.C., L.P., S.A.C., G.C., A.P., S.D., M.C., F.A.N., D.S. and M.S. ; Project administration, A.D.S. and L.P.; Resources, M.O., A.D.S., M.D.C., L.P., S.A.C., G.C., A.P., S.D., M.C., C.F., A.N., D.S. and M.S. ; Software, L.P., S.A.C., G.C., A.P. and C.F. ; Supervision, M.O., A.D.S., M.D.C. and L.P.; Validation, M.O., A.D.S., M.D.C., L.P., S.A.C., G.C., A.P., S.D., M.C., C.F. and D.S. ; Visualization, M.O., A.D.S., M.D.C., L.P., S.A.C., G.C., A.P., S.D., M.C., F.A.N., D.S. and M.S. ; Writing--original draft, M.O., A.D.S., M.D.C., L.P., S.A.C., G.C., A.P., S.D., C.F. and D.S. ; Writing--review and editing, M.O., A.D.S., M.D.C., L.P., S.A.C., G.C., A.P., S.D., C.F., A.N., D.S. and M.S. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript. The authors acknowledge funding provided by the Ministry of University and Research (MUR) for the Project Unitary of \"Pianeta Dinamico\" (\"Working Earth\"), INGV for the Project \"Further\", and the Italian Space Agency (ASI) for the Project \"Limadou Scienza +\". Data Availability Statement: Publicly available datasets were analyzed in this study. The seismic data provided by the Italian INGV Catalog are available at [[https://terrmoti.ingvit.at/en/](https://terrmoti.ingvit.at/en/)]([https://terrmoti.ingvit.at/en/](https://terrmoti.ingvit.at/en/)). The atmospheric data were furnished by the European Centre for Medium-range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) available at [[https://www.ecmyr.int/](https://www.ecmyr.int/)]([https://www.ecmyr.int/](https://www.ecmyr.int/)). The analysis of the ionosonde data was possible thanks to the ionosonde dataset of the AIS-INGV in Rome, available at the following link: [[http://eswua.ingvit/](http://eswua.ingvit/)]([http://eswua.ingvit/](http://eswua.ingvit/)). The Swarm satellite data are available in the ESA Swarm FTP and HTTP Server [[https://swarm-diss.eo.esa.int/](https://swarm-diss.eo.esa.int/)]([https://swarm-diss.eo.esa.int/](https://swarm-diss.eo.esa.int/)).