# The Integration of AI and Metaverse in Education: A Systematic Literature Review
## 4 Results and Discussion
### Rq1: What Disciplines Are Covered by the AI-Driven Metaverse in Education?
Thus, assistive tools in reading and writing can help such students convert from text to speech and from speech to text, while others like QTrobot are suited to children with autism, and Widex's evoke is suited for use with hearing aids. In this context, a survey of 149 students with learning difficulties found that assistive learning tools enhanced both their reading skills and motivation [69; 70]. In addition, advanced technologies have helped software developers offer education through gamification to enhance engagement, motivation, and participation. This was demonstrated in a game-based classroom (i.e., the VR escape game developed in the metaverse), which enhanced students' capabilities for mobile learning, ensuring they were more engaged than in traditional classrooms, including a strong motivation to use smart devices to acquire science knowledge. This indicates that the metaverse offers an adaptive platform for game-based learning environments, and can also foster multilingual learning [28]. The pedagogical approach of AI- and metaverse-incorporated education is based on the concept of experiential learning, wherein students are engaged in exploratory activities,acquiring knowledge and skills in a virtual environment. Moreover, the implementation of gamification within an educational framework is inherently more appealing to learners, due to the merging of playful components, encouraging an intrinsic motivation towards learning [71]. It is possible to develop adaptive and personalized educational games with VR and AR based on the recognition of images, human interactions, speech, and intelligent agents, which can be utilized for the simulation of a human opponent and the manipulation of a game's level of complexity [72]. In addition, language learning can be enriched by AI and metaverse environments, as revealed by a questionnaire on AI and the metaverse which was conducted with twenty-three language instructors, revealing the efficacy of language learning to be significantly more enhanced than that on Meet or Zoom [73]. VIRTUSIM is an immersive and adaptive virtual learning system incorporating AI and multi-agent technologies to offer an adaptive personalized education to students. The prototype system was implemented and tested for English language learning, resulting in a 30% improvement compared to traditional educational methods [74]. Studies have shown that 97.9% of elementary school students experienced the metaverse in almost everyday life, while preservice English teachers' ability to create content in this virtual environment enhanced their teaching, thus demonstrating that the metaverse improves students' active participation and engagement, as well as their interaction and motivation [51; 75]. A study also found that the application of AI and the metaverse in medical education enhanced the training and comprehension of medical students. In addition, their use for emergency response training was able to guide responders to establish emergency protocols and strategies to help patients in an accurate and competent manner, enabling healthcare professionals to focus on decision-making and action-taking during an emergency. It also found that the metaverse can also enhance physical and mental health by providing virtual instructors [76]. The Artificial Intelligence, Innovation, and Society (AIIS) project identified requirements for immersive multiuser learning, including the constraints and opportunities of metaverse environments. The project proposed a first draft pedagogy model for a metaverse collaborative learning environment, enabling students to participate on a higher level than available in conventional education [77]. Studies have also determined that it is possible to perform medical treatments and pharmacological protocols on human avatars with symptoms as in real patients to facilitate medical students with relevant experience prior to practicing in the real world.