## 3 Results and Discussion
### Betalain Content  
The betalain content in the produced powders ranged from 29 to 677 mg/100 g (Tables 4 and 5). The lowest betalain content was determined in raw juice (29 mg/100 g), while the highest in the powder dried at a reduced temperature (J90, 677 mg/100 g). The content in this sample was significantly higher than in the product derived from concentrated juice (J90c), despite the same drying conditions. This discrepancy was probably due to the possible degradation of these compounds during juice concentration, which was not observed in the case of more stable phenolic compounds. Cloudy juice dried at  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c} \hline  & **JM130** & **JNI30** & **JMD130** & **JK130** \\ \hline \multicolumn{5}{c}{Phenolic content} \\ mg GAE/100 g & 151.09 \(\pm\) 2.18 b  & 156.74 \(\pm\) 3.90 b  & 137.65 \(\pm\) 5.46 a  & 153.30 \(\pm\) 6.75 b  \\ mg GAE/100 g d.m. of dried material & 203.82 \(\pm\) 3.08 a  & 214.97 \(\pm\) 5.39 a  & 189.54 \(\pm\) 7.54 a  & 212.94 \(\pm\) 9.40 a  \\ \hline \multicolumn{5}{c}{Betalain content} \\ mg betalain/100 g & 229.51 \(\pm\) 8.12 a  & 250.43 \(\pm\) 7.42 b  & 235.08 \(\pm\) 2.56 a  & 240.51 \(\pm\) 9.14 ab  \\ mg betalain/100 g d.m. of dried material & 182.23 \(\pm\) 6.44 a  & 194.72 \(\pm\) 5.57 b  & 182.48 \(\pm\) 1.99 a  & 188.44 \(\pm\) 7.16 ab  \\ \hline \multicolumn{5}{c}{CUPRAC} \\ mg Trx/100 g in 70\% acetone & 224.23 \(\pm\) 7.78 a  & 254.89 \(\pm\) 8.38 b  & 216.44 \(\pm\) 1.92 a  & 242.33 \(\pm\) 11.52 b  \\ mg Trx/100 g d.m. of dried material & 2648.88 \(\pm\) 169.71 b  & 1431.17 \(\pm\) 142.91 a  & 1292.96 \(\pm\) 288.88 a  & 1326.77 \(\pm\) 17.34 a  \\ mg Trx/100 g d.m. of dried material & 70\% acetone & 351.07 \(\pm\) 11.58 b  & 297.67 \(\pm\) 2.65 a  & 335.93 \(\pm\) 16.05 b  \\ mg Trx/100 g d.m. of dried material & 3739.08 \(\pm\) 239.55 b  & 1978.36 \(\pm\) 197.55 a  & 1784.23 \(\pm\) 398.65 a  & 1848.06 \(\pm\) 24.15 a  \\ share of carrier activity in 70\% acetone [\%] & 6.89 & 0.36 & 0.34 & 0.48 \\ share of carrier activity in buffer [\%] & nd & nd & nd \\ \hline \multicolumn{5}{c}{DPPH} \\ mg Trx/100 g in 70\% acetone & 118.11 \(\pm\) 2.60 a  & 138.45 \(\pm\) 4.12 b  & 118.59 \(\pm\) 4.62 a  & 126.14 \(\pm\) 6.62 a  \\ mg Trx/100 g d.m. of dried material & 70\% acetone & 161.95 \(\pm\) 3.68 a  & 191.39 \(\pm\) 5.69 b  & 162.86 \(\pm\) 6.38 a  & 174.86 \(\pm\) 9.22 a  \\ share of carrier activity [\%] & 2.86 & nd & 0.48 & 0.48 \\ \hline \multicolumn{5}{c}{ABTS} \\ mg Trx/100 g in 70\% acetone & 362.81 \(\pm\) 15.39 a  & 364.67 \(\pm\) 10.90 a  & 348.24 \(\pm\) 16.  
an elevated temperature, both alone (J130) and with beetroot waste (MJ130), contained a similar content of betalains (353 and 307 mg/100 g, respectively). Products dried at the same temperature (130/80 \({}^{\circ}\)C), but using carriers, contained significantly lower amounts of these pigments (230-250 mg/100 g). Interactions between carriers and beetroot juice ingredients are possible, as a result of which betalains are transformed into compounds with different absorption spectra or are not fully extracted under the conditions used. [PERSON] and [PERSON] (2008) determined the content of betalains in the freeze-dried pulp of prickly pears as almost 500 mg/100 g [29], which is the same degree of magnitude but a higher value than the dried material obtained in the study using pomace that can be compared with this research. This difference may result from many factors, such as a different composition of the raw material, a different drying method in the cited work (lyophilization) or different light exposure times, which significantly affect the content of betalains in dried powders [30]. Considering the results converted into the dry matter of processed beetroot material, it can be observed that the powders obtained as a result of drying without carriers (J130, J90 and J90c: 368-703 mg/100 g d.m.) and the drying of juice with beetroot waste (MJ130, 322 mg/100 g d.m.) have a considerably higher betalain content than the powders obtained with carriers (182-195 mg/100 g d.m.)