# Parametric and Experimental Modeling of Axial-Type Piezoelectric Energy Generator with Active Base
## 6 Conclusions  
As a result of the research carried out, a finite element, by using ANSYS software and experimental approaches to modeling oscillations of a new type of piezoelectric generator (PEG) with proof mass, and an active base were developed; as for the latter, cylindrical piezoelectrics located along the axis of the generator were used. The results of modal and harmonic analysis of oscillations are presented. In this case, the generation of energy in the cylindrical-type piezoelectric elements occurred due to the transfer of compression forces to the piezoelectric element at the base of the PEG upon excitation of structure vibrations. The piezoelectric elements of the plate type, made in the form of a bimorph, used the potential energy of bending vibrations of the PEG on the PEG base bar. The presented technique for the experimental analysis of vibrations, as well as the laboratory setup developed, made it possible to obtain experimental results of the output characteristics of the piezoelectric generator under low-frequency loading, which differ from the finite element results within 5%.  
The presented PEG has frequencies of the first vibration mode in the range from 210 Hz to 300 Hz with the corresponding proof mass position. The scope of this generator can be attributed not only to high-frequency loading ranges. On the experimental setup, created within the framework of the research, a variant of low-frequency loading at frequencies of 39 and 107 Hz was considered, at which the highest output voltage for frequency 39 Hz for a cylindrical PE was 0.14 V and the output power was P\({}_{1}\) 2138.9 \(\upmu\)W. For the PE plate type for this frequency 39 Hz, the maximum peak power was P\({}_{2}\) 446.9 \(\upmu\)W and P\({}_{3}\) 423.2 \(\upmu\)W. When conducting a comparative analysis with literature data, the analysis shows that the output parameters of the generator are at an average level and may require further modification of the design.  
The analysis of the simulation of this PEG has shown the possibility of working in different loading ranges, both in the low frequency range up to 50 Hz and in the higher frequency range when using only the first oscillation mode up to 287 Hz. The loading mode in the region of more than 50 Hz involves the use of devices for mechanical excitation of vibrations, for example, rotary motors with magnetic carriers. Furthermore, these operating modes of the PEG can be used as the use of the PEG in the form of vibration sensors of pulse action on the structure in a certain fixed frequency range.  
The considered PEG device can be upgraded and studied in more detail under other types of loading.  
I.A.P.--original draft preparation, validation of research methods; A.V.C., R.K.H.--conceptualization, review and editing, setting up experimental work, production of calculations and conclusions. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.  
Figure 14: Dependence of the output power P on the value of the electric load, (**a**) Piezocylinders and (**b**) piezoplates.  
**Funding:** The work was supported by the grant No. 21-19-00423 of the Russian Science Foundation in the Southern Federal University.  
**Institutional Review Board Statement:** Not applicable.  
**Informed Consent Statement:** Not applicable.  
**Data Availability Statement:** Data is contained within the article.  
**Acknowledgments:** SFedU equipment was used. The work was supported by the grant No. 21-19-00423 Russian Science Foundation.  
**Conflicts of Interest:** The authors declare no conflict of interest.