## 1 Introduction  
The devastation brought on by disasters, both natural and human-made is enormous, and it necessitates a great deal of effort to ameliorate the situation [1]. In general, people in crises receive assistance from Search and Rescue (SAR) operations carried out with human interventions (assistance). The United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (UN OCHA) [2] has categorised different SAR situations based on the operational terrain (i.e., structural collapse, confined space, fire and water, etc. ), and these scenarios can occur in combinations. These situations are difficult and dangerous even for well-trained human operators. In light of this, scientists are eager to use technology to minimise any hazards to both potential victims and human rescuers. Recently, promising robot designs (e.g., Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) [3], Unmanned Ground vehicles (UGVs) [4], snake robots [5]) and concepts (e.g., robot teams or swarms [6], sensor networks [7]), and methods of evaluation in benchmarks for rescue robotics [8], are underway to implement the futuristic robot and cognitive technologies for SAR missions [9]. A few such examples were seen at the Fukushima nuclear disaster [10] in 2011 and the Mexico Earthquake disaster [5] in 2017. Further, around the world, various organisations such as 'The International Search and Rescue Advisory Group (INSARAG)', 'Urban Search and Rescue (USAR)', And 'Center for Robot-Assisted Search and Rescue (CRASR)', helping SAR operations with the use of robots and tools technologies, some of the projects related to SAR are 'ICARUS' (Integrated Climate forcing and Air pollution Reduction in Urban Systems), 'ViewFinder', 'NIFIT', 'AIRBEAM', 'WALK-MAN', 'TRADR', 'SHERPA', and 'NAACHUS' etc. [11]. The robots used in Fukushima and Mexico have limited capabilities to access the specific terrain and assess the situation. These robots cannot perform a full range of operations as human rescuers do, this is due to their limited performance capabilities. On the other hand, decision-making in complex SAR situations is challenging due to its limited time and emotional angle. However, a well-trained rescuer considers different aspects (i.e., safety, severity, sentiments) and operates with great skill to save lives. But human interventions are sometimes ineffective due to human's limited perception capabilities and associated risks. Hence, the use of advanced technologies (i.e., robotics, sensor, cognitive approaches) could provide better intervention capabilities. [PERSON] et al. [12] and [PERSON] et al. [13] envisaged that the future SAR jobs will be taken over by robotic rescue teams, and will play a prominent role. The inclusion of new technologies into the SAR missions seems promising but the following critical points need to be considered to using service robots for SAR:  
* what are the ethical issues in using robotic and cognitive technologies for SAR? * what ethical challenges to consider during the development process of SAR robots (i.e., snake robots)? * what set of guidelines or framework to follow while using robots for SAR? Technology is advancing rapidly, and robot capabilities are vastly improving in recent times. With technological advancements, it is equally important to look at ethical issues. In general, regulatory bodies start thinking about issues after the technology is deployed, and due to this, there might be unintended causalities. Hence, ethical and regulatory frameworks must be in place for futuristic technologies to evaluate and guide advancements, especially for robotic and cognitive technologies. Further, it is equally vital to ensure that the proposed ethical or regulatory frameworks do not restrict possible technology developments. Hence, it is needed to strike a balance between innovation and regulatory frameworks. In this paper, a perspective framework is presented to consider ethical and design challenges in robotic SAR operations.