## 3 Results
### Seasonal Impact on PM\({}_{2.5}\) and PM\({}_{10}\) Concentration  
Figure 2 represents the average concentration of PM\({}_{2.5}\) and PM\({}_{10}\) in the long summer and winter seasons during the study period. Figure 2 shows the highest fine particulates concentration in a commercial area on the average 39.18 \(\pm\) 4.70 \(\upmu\)g/m\({}^{3}\) and 40.73 \(\pm\) 2.9 \(\upmu\)g/m\({}^{3}\) with the lowest obtained concentration in the residential sector ranging from 33.91 \(\pm\) 3.27 \(\upmu\)g/m\({}^{3}\) and 35.1 \(\pm\) 2.93 \(\upmu\)g/m\({}^{3}\) for summer and winter season, respectively. The WHO safe limit for PM\({}_{2.5}\) is 25 \(\upmu\)g/m\({}^{3}\) and for PM\({}_{10}\) is 50 \(\upmu\)g/m\({}^{3}\) (WHO, 2005). Similarly, the US-EPA and NEQS safe limit for PM\({}_{2.5}\) is 35 \(\upmu\)g/m\({}^{3}\) and PM\({}_{10}\) is 150 \(\upmu\)g/m\({}^{3}\)[26, 27]. Coarse particles (PM\({}_{10}\)) were similar in trend as shown by PM\({}_{2.5}\) with decreasing trend as commercial areas, hospital areas, industrial areas, automobile station and residential areas were in the range of 575.19 \(\pm\) 66.26 \(\upmu\)g/m\({}^{3}\), 499.81 \(\pm\) 148.62 \(\upmu\)g/m\({}^{3}\), 409.63 \(\pm\) 59.44 \(\upmu\)g/m\({}^{3}\), 379.63 \(\pm\) 0.81 \(\upmu\)g/m\({}^{3}\) and 350.98 \(\pm\) 74.29 \(\upmu\)g/m\({}^{3}\) in winter and 573.14 \(\pm\) 321.64 \(\upmu\)g/m\({}^{3}\), 427.52 \(\pm\) 86.30 \(\upmu\)g/m\({}^{3}\), 405.63 \(\pm\) 84.49 \(\upmu\)g/m\({}^{3}\), 349.41 \(\pm\) 74.48 \(\upmu\)g/m\({}^{3}\) and 349.46 \(\pm\) 74.49 \(\upmu\)g/m\({}^{3}\) in the summer season, respectively. Correspondingly, Figure 2 showed a strong positive correlation between PM\({}_{2.5}\) and PM\({}_{10}\) in both winter and summer seasons on average. while the highest values were obtained in the ambient air of Nazria Pakistan (\(178.4\pm 3.51\) ug/m\({}^{3}\)) nominated as the busiest commercial zone of Faisalabad with a variety of businesses (Figure 4). When considering TC for the investigated sites (Figure 5), it was observed that Nazria Pakistan was heavily contaminated (\(268.08\pm 5.03\) ug/m\({}^{3}\)) followed by Small Industrial Estate (\(248.23\pm 5.79\) ug/m\({}^{3}\)), Fish Farm (\(235.68\pm 5.02\) ug/m\({}^{3}\)), Allied Hospital (\(224.34\pm 3.62\) ug/m\({}^{3}\)), Vehicular station (\(223.21\pm 3.82\) ug/m\({}^{3}\)), Mian Trust Hospital (\(202.77\pm 8.42\) ug/m\({}^{3}\)) and Pepsi Factory (\(184.84\pm 4.27\) ug/m\({}^{3}\)) with positive OC/EC correlation which indicates the common source of emission of TC in these zones. While, residential areas (G.M Abad, Saleemi Chowk, Raza Abad and Kashmir Road) were less contaminated (\(114.71\pm 2.76\) ug/m\({}^{3}\); \(64.97\pm 3.58\) ug/m\({}^{3}\); \(51.16\pm 3.14\) ug/m\({}^{3}\); and \(28.49\pm 2.27\) ug/m\({}^{3}\), respectively), as compared to the other sites indicating negative OC/EC correlation. While samples of fine particulates collected in the winter season from the same investigating sites were analyzed for carbonaceous aerosol concentration. The levels of EC and OC were higher in winter as compared to the summer season. This may be due to the more wood and fossil fuel burning to warm up the surroundings as well as extra consumption of diesel and petrol by vehicles to warm up the engines in sizzling cold weather. The concentration of TC was much higher in the ambient air of Nazria Pakistan (\(277.5\pm 4.9\) ug/m\({}^{3}\)) followed by Small Industrial Estate (\(262.01\pm 3.68\) ug/m\({}^{3}\)), Fish Farm (\(248.07\pm 5.28\) ug/m\({}^{3}\)), Allied Hospital (\(237.13\pm 2.89\) ug/m\({}^{3}\)), Vehicular Station (\(234.4\pm 4.08\) ug/m\({}^{3}\)), Mian Trust Hospital (\(215.97\pm 8.82\) ug/m\({}^{3}\)), Pepsi Factory (\(194.27\pm 4.30\) ug/m\({}^{3}\)) and Itthead Welfare Dispensary (\(142.58\pm 7.69\) ug/m\({}^{3}\)).