## 2 Materials and Methods  
### Field Experiment  
The field experiment was conducted in 2018-2019 at an organic farm in Pakruojis district, Lithuania (56\({}^{\circ}\)10\({}^{\prime}\)29.0\({}^{\prime\prime}\) N 23\({}^{\circ}\)49\({}^{\prime}\)02.6\({}^{\prime\prime}\) E).  
The soil of the experimental field had the following properties: pHKCl = 6.14-6.85 mg kg\({}^{-1}\), potassium: 83.2-154.8 mg kg\({}^{-1}\), phosphorus: 22.6-137.1 mg kg\({}^{-1}\) total nitrogen: 2.67%.  
The experimental assaying was established in 10-year-old rosehip shrubs, with a planting spacing rows 4 m and spacing between plants 2 m. The treatments were arranged to randomized designs with four replications. The total experimental plot was 2000 m\({}^{2}\).  
A two-factor experiment: Factor A--two rosehip species and two cultivars: _Rosa rugosa_ (pink flowers, fruits red, spherical (tomato-shaped hips), about 2.5-3 cm in diameter), _Rosa canina_ (pale pink flowers, fruits red-orange, oval, about 1.5-2 cm in diameter) and _Rosa rugosa_ cv 'Rubra' (violet--purplish flowers, fruits red, spherical (tomato-shaped hips), about 2.5-3 cm in diameter), _Rosa rugosa_ cv 'Alba' (pure white flowers, fruits orange-red, spherical (tomato-shaped hips) about 2.5-3 cm in diameter). The selected species/cultivars grow best in the climatic conditions of the Lithuania. Factor B--ripening stage (Figure 1):  
Stage I--the initial stage of ripening, at least 10% of the surface color of rosehips has changed from green to yellow, pink, red; Stage II--10-30% of the green color surface of rosehips became dark yellow, pink and red; Stage III--30-60% of the green color surface of rosehips transformed to light orange, red or a combination thereof; Stage IV--60-90% of the surface color of rosehips turned orange or orange-red; Stage V--the surface of the rosehips was red or orange, depending on the species/cultivar.  
The weather data during experimental period in 2018 and 2019 are shown in Table 1.  
During year 2018 and 2019 the climate was warmer (by 2.5 and 1.5 \({}^{\circ}\)C, respectively) in comparison with the standard climate normal (SCN). In 2018 and 2019 during the vegetation period, the climate was dryer (on average 86.4 and 148.9, respectively) in comparison with the SCN. Sunshine duration hours were higher on average by 264 h, in both years during the rosehip vegetation period.  
Figure 1: Fruit ripening stages of _Rosa_ samples (photos by [PERSON]).  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c c} \hline \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**Years**} & \multicolumn{8}{c}{**Months**} \\ \cline{2-9}  & **April** & **May** & **June** & **June** & **August** & **September** & **Average** \\ \hline \multicolumn{9}{c}{Air temperature, \({}^{\circ}\)C} \\ \hline
2018 & 10.2 & 17.1 & 17.4 & 19.6 & 19.2 & 14.5 & 16.3 \\
2019 & 9.1 & 13.4 & 21.2 & 17.2 & 18.2 & 12.5 & 15.3 \\ SCN * & 7.0 & 12.8 & 15.7 & 18.0 & 17.1 & 12.0 & 13.8 \\ \hline \multicolumn{9}{c}{Rainfall, mm} \\ \hline
2018 & 42.6 & 27.5 & 16.0 & 107.9 & 65.6 & 57.0 & 316.6 \\
2019 & 0.7 & 28.6 & 27.5 & 50.3 & 100.5 & 46.5 & 254.1 \\ SCN & 43 & 57 & 73 & 89 & 75 & 66 & 403 \\ \hline \multicolumn{9}{c}{Sunshine, h} \\ \hline
2018 & 248 & 365 & 286 & 210 & 276 & 207 & 1592 \\
2019 & 329 & 232 & 349 & 233 & 264 & 189 & 1596 \\ SCN & 179 & 252 & 246 & 260 & 237 & 154 & 1328 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}  
* SCN–standard climate normal is the 30-year average from 1981 to 2010. Source: Sãouliai Meteorological Aation, Lithuania.  
\end{table}
Table 1: Weather data during experimental period in 2018 and 2019.