## 5 Discussion  
A significant contribution of this study lies in identifying search strategies based on the analysis of sequences of search tactics. The authors traced search tactic sequences to discover the strategies applied in the information searching process. Thus, the findings of this study not only discover the types of search strategies, but also show corresponding typical patterns of tactics with variations to account for participants' sequential movements in detail. Eight search strategies in five categories emerged from the sequential data of search tactics. In Table 13, the authors discuss the objective and the weaknesses of each strategy. More importantly, practical implications for the system design in web environments are also suggested. First, in order to help users quickly evaluate search results (_EvalR_) in iterative result evaluation, well-presented meta-information--including title, author, abstract, and topic--would be imperative, since users determine what to access based on the meta-information provided. Also, considering the loop '_EvalR_>_AccF_>_Eval_>_Use_ or not_>_AccB_' is an essential component of this strategy, the efficiency of hub and spoke structure, which was identified in Cateldge & Pitkow's [36] findings on search strategies, needs to be enhanced. By showing search results and individual items together in one browser, transitions of _AccF_ and _AccB_ tactics can be easily reduced. Second, for the _iterative exploration_ strategy and _the whole site exploration_ strategy, design issues have to focus on how to facilitate _exploration_ from one link to another. Well-organized and highlighted navigation structure, menu, external links, and internal links need to be implemented into the IR systems. In addition, systems also need to show users the path and the current location so users can easily know their exploration history. It is also useful for systems to offer related external links to expand the scope of exploration for _the whole site exploration_ strategy. Third, as to the _multiple query reformulation_ strategy, the system designers can employ previously suggested features including secondary window usage, query tracking, manipulating multiple queries, query expansion, query feedback and suggestions, and others [35, 37]. Providing help on domain, system and information retrieval knowledge is an effective way to reduce query reformulation. Fourth, in order to overcome the complicated pattern of the _simultaneous multiple resource search_ strategy, offering shortcut keys, allowing users labeling items, and providing simultaneous display of multiple sources could help users move around different sources and find relevant information easily. Fifth, as for the _item comparison_ strategy, showing multiple resources simultaneously on the screen, highlighting key information, and allowing extraction of key information can assist users in comparing items efficiently, in addition to facilitating users moving around different resources. Sixth, the implication for the _query initiation strategy_ is closely related to the search function design. Thus, every suggestion concerning search function design could be applicable for this strategy, including advanced search, results display, query error correction, query suggestions, predefined keywords, _etc._ Also, users might also have to learn system functions at beginning of the search process. It is important to design context-sensitive help as well as integrated help pages so users are not confused with or stuck in help pages. Finally, integrating users' personal information systems, such as their emails, bookmarks, and personal folders, into IR systems can support the _known-item initiation_ strategy by helping access the items easily and quickly.