## 4 Results
### Digital 3D Models of the Jug
#### 4.1.2 SfM and Postprocessing  
The procedure shown in Figure 6 for creating a 3D model of the jug by the SfM method was used in two variants.  
**Option 1**--use of original photos, without digital processing, see Figure 8.  
After 49 photos were uploaded to Meshroom and verified by the software, only 28 photos were qualified for further analysis. After performing all steps of the procedure, the mesh model with the applied texture was obtained. The model was exported to a.obj file and the texture to a.jpg file. The appearance of the digital 3D model obtained from the original photos (untreated) is shown in Figure 9. It is clearly visible that on one side of the model the geometric surfaces and the texture were very well recreated (Figure 9a,c). This can be seen on the surface of the spout, neck and body of the jug. The edges of the spout are even and not jagged. On the other side of the model, however, there are many surface discontinuities, the mesh is heavily deformed (no smoothing, there are many outliers from the background of the photos, as shown by the arrows in Figure 9d). Outliers have been incorporated into the mesh causing additional distortions of the geometric surfaces of the model.  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c} \hline \hline  & \multicolumn{3}{c}{**Model Mesh**} & \multicolumn{3}{c}{**Texture**} \\ \cline{2-7}
**Vertices** & **Faces** & **.obj File Size** & **.jpg File Size** & **Size** & **Resolution** \\  & & **[MB]** & **[MB]** & **[MB]** & **[Pixels]** & **[dpi]** \\ \hline \multicolumn{7}{c}{**3D SLS method**} \\ \hline Original model & 214,870 & 429,736 & 30.1 & 7.1 MB & 4096 \(\times\) 4096 & 96 \(\times\) 96 \\ Processed model & 21,488 & 42,972 & 4.31 & 953 kB & 2048 \(\times\) 2048 & 96 \(\times\) 96 \\ \hline \multicolumn{7}{c}{**SfM method**} \\ \hline Without processing photos & 119,694 & 238,712 & 16.1 & 5.31 MB & 4096 \(\times\) 4096 & 96 \(\times\) 96 \\ After processing photos & 102,369 & 204,486 & 13.0 & 3.82 MB & 4096 \(\times\) 4096 & 96 \(\times\) 96 \\ After smoothing the model’s surface & 102,369 & 204,486 & 21.4 & 3.82 MB & 4096 \(\times\) 4096 & 96 \(\times\) 96 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}
Table 4: Parameters of the digital 3D model and the texture of the jug.  
Figure 8: Sample photos of the jug without processing received from partners from Uzbekistan.  
Figure 9: The appearance of a digital model of a jug with SfM: **(a,b)** without texture—side one and two, **(c,d)** with texture—side one and two.  
The processing of the obtained photos consisted of cropping them and correcting the contrast and brightness in order to obtain objects with similar colours. Framing was carried out in such a way that the jug was located.  
In this case, after loading 49 photos into Meshroom, only eight of them were rejected. Thus, the process of creating a 3D model was carried out using 41 photos. The obtained mesh model is shown in Figure 11. It is not difficult to notice that the obtained three-dimensional mesh model of the jug was significantly improved, all sides of the object were correctly recreated. Only some surface irregularities appeared on the spout and the walls of the neck and funnel (as shown by arrows in Figure 11b,d).  
The improvement of the roughness of the jug surface was achieved by a smoothing process (Smoth modifier) performed with the use of the free Blender software, Figure 12.  
Figure 11: The appearance of the digital model of the jug obtained by the SfM method after photo processing: (**a,b**) without texture—page one and two, (**c,d**) with texture—page one and two.  
Figure 10: Sample photos after post-processing.