## 4 Methods
### Configuring Testbed Scenarios in OMF  
In addition to the provided management and measurement tool templates, we also provide sample experiment descriptions that can realize some representative wired and wireless testbed setups and scenarios from the related literature. In Figure 3, four common example scenarios are presented. We distinguish two types of traffic: probe traffic and artificial cross-traffic. The former will be generated by the researcher's tool to be evaluated. The latter will be generated by cross-traffic tools provided by our template experiment description files. Testbed 1: Path-persistent cross-traffic scenario on a wired testbed with four hops: The first case, illustrated in Figure 3a, considers a path-persistent cross-traffic scenario, meaning that the cross-traffic generator components will be deployed on both end hosts and their generated cross-traffic will be transmitted over the same path to be probed. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{p{142.3 pt} p{142.3 pt}} \hline \hline
**Management Tools** & \\ \hline _Traffic control tools_ & \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{Tc} & A tool that can cause artificial queuing delays, packet losses, duplications, corruptions, and re-orderings and act as traffic shaper. \\  & Administration tools for IP packet filtering, ARP and NAT. \\  & A tool for distributed Internet traffic generation. \\  & A tool that provides network emulation functionality, enabling protocol testing by simulating the characteristics of wide-area networks. \\  & A suite of tools used to edit and replay previously captured network traffic, enabling tests of network devices with real traffic patterns. \\  & \\ _Topology control tools_ & \\ \hline Ethtool, mii-tool & Display or change Ethernet card settings (e.g., interface speed, communication channel). \\  & Tools for configuring wired and wireless network interfaces. \\  & Show and manipulate the IP routing table. \\ \hline \multicolumn{2}{p{142.3 pt}}{**Measurement and Estimation Tools**} \\ \hline Httperf, Apache Benchmark RTT-tool, ping, udpping, Tcping Bading, sting Pathfinder, PBP Probe, Pathway, PingPai Pathfinder, spruce, wbest, pathchirp Iperf, netperf STAB, pathneck & Tools for measuring web server performance. \\  & Tools for measuring one way delay and round-trip time. \\  & Tools for measuring packet loss rate, frequency and duration. \\  & End-to-end capacity estimation tools. \\  & End-to-end avail-bw estimation tools. \\  & End-to-end draw throughput measurement tools. \\  & StatB, pathneck & Bottleneck localization tools. \\ \hline \multicolumn{2}{p{142.3 pt}}{**Security Tools**} \\ \hline Tcdump & A well-known packet analyzer. \\  & An open-source intrusion detection system (IDS) for real-time traffic analysis and packet logging. \\  & A high-performance IDS/IPS (Intrusion Prevention System) and network security monitoring engine. \\  & An open-source host-based intrusion detection system for monitoring and alerting on security events. \\  & A network scanning tool that discovers hosts and services on a computer network by sending packets and analyzing responses. \\  & A tool that scans log files and bans IPs that show malicious signs, such as too many password failures. \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 1: Survey of typical network management, measurement and security tools. Testbed 2: Hop-persistent cross-traffic scenario on a wired testbed with four hops: The second test scenario, illustrated in Figure 2(b), considers hop-persistent cross-traffic behavior. As in the first case, the probing traffic traverses the entire path between sender and receiver hosts. However, differently from the first scenario, for each hop, a separate cross-traffic generator with a different burstiness degree and behavior can be defined. Testbed 3: Three-hop testbed consisting of a mixture of wireless and wired links: As shown in Figure 2(c), differently from the two previous testbeds, a path made up of a mixed of wireless and wired links is considered.