## 4 Discussion  
This is one of the few dFC studies of schizophrenia based on the COBRE public dataset [79; 80; 81; 82; 83]. In this study, we investigated differences in functional connectivity (FC) dynamics at rest between schizophrenia (SZ) patients and healthy controls (HC). Sliding  
Figure 3: The mean strength (dFC-Str) matrices of SZ and HC groups where **SZ** is for schizophrenia patients, **HC** for healthy controls and **SZ-HC** is the group difference in the average dynamic rsFC that survived FDR thresholding. Values are plotted as \(-\)log10 (\(p\)-value) \(\times\) sign (t-statistic). The lines partition the rsFC maps into six subcategories (i.e., prefrontal (PFR), other frontal (FR), parietal (PR), occipital (OR), temporal (TR), and subcortical regions (SUB). Figure 2: The group significant difference using GLM, FDR correction (\(q<0.05\)). CUN, Cuneus; CAL, Calcarine; LING, lingual gyrus; TPOmid, middle temporal gyrus; L, Left; R, Right. windows were used to construct dynamic resting-state functional connectivity maps whose windowed cuneus-connectivity properties were assessed. We also explored the group differences in large time-scale connectivity (static perspective), which were computed as correlations of fMRI time series over the full range of scanning time. We found that, while there were no significant differences in static functional connectivity (sFC), mean strength (dFC-Str) analyses presented SZ patients with decreased cuneus-connectivity findings that could not be identified in static analyses. However, the variability of cuneus connectivity did not demonstrate any significant difference between the groups in all temporal correlation-windows. The cuneus is delimited by the parieto-occipital sulcus and the calcarine sulcus in the occipital lobe, known for its role in both primary and secondary visual processing. With respect to decreased functional connectivity, fairly similar findings to our observations were reported in previous studies such as decreased gray-matter volumes in the cuneus and lingual gyrus as compared to healthy participants [84; 85]. Another study illustrated that when glaucoma patients were compared to healthy people, the functional connectivity of the cuneus decreased [36; 86]. The cuneus also indicated substantial reduction in brain neural homogeneity in people with acute open-globe injury [87] and retinal detachment [88] in another study. Some other studies emphasize that smaller volumes of gray matter in the right cuneus [89] and lower activity in the cuneus and precuneus [90] were associated with suicide attempters. [PERSON] and colleagues found reduced activation in the right cuneus and fusiform gyrus during episodic memory retrieval in SZ patients compared with HCs [91]. In a first-episode psychosis study, patients with poor insight had decreased gray matter volume in the cuneus and medial gyrus of the right occipital lobe as compared to those with good insight [92]. Together, these findings suggest that patients with schizophrenia are characterized by altered cuneus connectivity in large scale brain networks. Previous investigations, on the other hand, were unable to identify reduced connectivity in the cuneus, but did find it in the occipital lobe. For example, [PERSON] et al. (2008) found a reduced gray-matter density in SZ patients relative to HCs [93], lower global connectivity [94], and decreased connectivity strength [95]. The previous study by [PERSON] and colleagues revealed reduced external white matter fractional anisotropy, especially in bilateral occipital lobes, in SZ patients compared to their relatives [96]. Hallucination was also associated with a reduced volume of the occipital lobe in SZ patients [97], reduction in the overall volume of occipital lobe in SZ [97; 98; 99], lower white-matter volume in first-episode patients, and decreased activation in fusiform gyrus [100; 101; 102]. No cuneus-connectivity attenuation was reported by the authors in all these studies.