# A Geospatial Framework of Food Demand Mapping
### Evolving Consumer Purchasing Behavior  
As consumer purchasing behavior continues to evolve, understanding these shifts becomes essential in addressing the broader issues of food accessibility and nutrition. The COVID-19 pandemic has led to significant changes in lifestyles, creating a larger gap between individuals who shifted towards healthier eating habits and those who increased their preference for high-calorie diets. This divergence highlights the need for targeted strategies to promote equitable access to nutritious food options. This change is particularly evident among teenagers, who now favor online communication with their friends, likely due to the increased reliance on virtual meetings during the pandemic for educational purposes and discussions [9; 10]. Consequently, the frequent use of devices like smartphones has become a typical aspect of daily life for many adolescents, making owning such gadgets a standard practice. This alteration in lifestyle habits has led to an increase in sedentary behavior and a preference for high-calorie diets, which subsequently results in the prevalence of overweight conditions among individuals. It is important to understand that numerous other metabolic illnesses, such as type 2 diabetes (T2D), non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), chronic kidney diseases (CKDs), and malignancies, are frequently linked to obesity [11; 12]. Additionally, bad eating habits significantly impact society's financial health and general well-being [13]. While previous research has often highlighted the negative impact of the pandemic on eating behaviors, showing an increase in the consumption of comfort foods and unhealthy snacking, other studies have demonstrated a shift towards healthier food choices among certain populations. For instance, [PERSON] et al. (2022) stated that \"the possibility to work remotely led to healthier food choices, that is, a reported increase in vegetable consumption and decrease in sweet snack consumption\" [14]. These shifts in dietary habits underscore the complexity of eating behaviors, which are not solely driven by the need to satisfy biological requirements for nutrients. Eating behaviors are also shaped by a complex interplay between individual preferences, interpersonal relationships, and the broader social environment [15]. Factors such as gender, age, and physical health are linked to food cravings, which in turn impact dietary habits [16]. Individual differences in eating behavior can be attributed to personality factors that influence eating habits and food choices [5]. Self-efficacy, defined as the belief individuals have in their capability to successfully carry out a specific task, plays a crucial role in influencing their eating habits [17]. Furthermore, physical activity is a behavior that promotes a healthier diet and is critical for controlling weight in various populations, including those who are normally weighted. This conduct affects physiological mechanisms like the regulation of appetite and psychological factors including self-efficacy and body image perception. These influences culminate in enhanced self-motivation, ultimately fostering better self-regulation in dietary practices [18; 19]. Elevated physical activity levels could significantly enhance motivation regarding eating behaviors. Engaging in more physical activity might contribute to a higher likelihood of successful weight loss, partly due to its impact on dietary habits. This includes a more adaptable approach to food restrictions and a reduction in emotional eating patterns [20]. Conversely, reduced participation in physical activities is linked to eating behaviors driven by external motivations and correlates with a higher body mass index (BMI) [21]. In addition to individual factors, the social and community context plays a crucial role in shaping eating behaviors.