esa-sceva/satcom-chunk-collection huggingface dataset:
## 5 Mitigation of Pharmaceutical Pollutants by Nanomaterials
### Nanostructured Catalytic Membranes  
Nanostructured catalytic membranes have more than a few advantages, including homogeneous catalytic sites, requiring less contact time, multiple ordered reactions can occur, and they can be easily scaled for commercial purposes. In order to inactivate microorganisms and decompose organic pollutants, nanostructured TiO\({}_{2}\) membranes and films are used [123]. With the advancement in nanotechnology, several novel nanostructured catalytic membranes have been synthesized [124; 125]. These have increased foil resistance, higher selectivity, and higher rate of decomposition. The techniques of synthesizing these nanoparticles include many approaches for developing their multi functionality [123]. Photocatalysis has been used successfully in wastewater treatment to remove pollutants. TiO\({}_{2}\) is the most widely used semiconductor photocatalyst because it has high ultraviolet (UV) absorption, high stability, superior performance, low toxicity, and low cost [126]. The photocatalytic process is simple, inexpensive, long-lasting, and environmentally friendly. However, as a photocatalyst, TiO\({}_{2}\) has inherent flaws in its catalytic ability. To begin, H\({}^{+}\) and e\({}^{-}\) recombination occurs concurrently with H\({}^{+}\) oxidation on the surface of TiO\({}_{2}\). Second, TiO\({}_{2}\) only works effectively when exposed to UV light [124]. Electrospun nanofibers can be applied in photocatalysis blended with TiO\({}_{2}\). The polymer in the nanocomposite fibers must be stable under UV light irradiation and in an oxidative environment [127].  
Figure 10: SEM at 5000\(\times\) image of (**a**) electrospun lignin nanofibers and (**b**) hydrochloric acid stabilized nanofibers adapted with permission from [122].  
Some authors reported that the polymer matrix was stable under TiO\({}_{2}\)/UV conditions. According to [128], the incorporation of TiO\({}_{2}\) nanoparticles into the PES matrix can affect nanocomposite mobility and crystallization, increasing the glass transition temperature and changing thermo-mechanical properties. In terms of recycling and aggregation, fiber photocatalysts outperforms particles [129]. The high surface area of the catalyst always improves active sites to improve photocatalytic efficiency [130; 131]. Furthermore, due to the flexibility in process control and fiber morphology (diameter and porosity), electrospinning is regarded as a versatile method for producing NFs [132]. Figure 11 depicts electrospun fibers containing nano-titania in various compositions and shapes, such as nanoparticle-coated, core-sheath, and hollow fibers.
## 3 Monitoring and Verification
### Comparative Analysis of Monitoring and Simulation
#### 3.2.2 Comparative Analysis of Steel Strain Gauge  
Based on an analysis of field monitoring test data and numerical simulation results, the changing characteristics of the monitoring section are described below:  
1. The curve trends derived from field monitoring tests and numerical simulations (Figure 9) indicate that the strain values of the steel arch support diminish progressively from the crown to the arch rib monitoring points. The peak deformation value registers at 4.19 cm at the crown, and the stable deformation measure approximates 4.08 cm. The data reveal that the strain at the crown surpasses the strain at the 60\({}^{\circ}\) position on the right side. This value exceeds the strain at the arch's shoulder and rib.  
Figure 8: Comparison of simulation and monitoring curves during the process from sensor installation to 20 m excavation (earth-pressure cell).  
The monitoring values at each point initially surge then gradually decrease in their rate of increase until achieving stability.
2. When comparing the field monitoring data to the numerical simulation results, both sets of results exhibit a consistent trend. However, the highest stable value derived from the numerical simulation slightly exceeds the monitoring test results, implying that the steel arch supports undergo elevated pressure and more significant displacements during the actual support process.
###### Abstract  
Intelligent transport system (ITS), owing to their potential to enhance road safety and improve traffic management, have attracted attention from automotive industries and academia in recent years. The underlying technology--i.e., vehicular ad-hoc networks (VANETs)--provide a means for vehicles to intelligently exchange messages regarding road and traffic conditions to enhance safety. The open nature of ITS as wireless communication technology leads to many security and privacy challenges. These challenges pertain to confidentiality, authentication, integrity, non-repudiation, location privacy, identity privacy, anonymity, certificate revocation, and certificate resolution. This article aims to propose a novel taxonomy of security and privacy issues and solutions in ITS. Furthermore, categorization of security and privacy schemes in ITS and their limitations are discussed with various parameters--scalability, privacy, computational cost, communication overhead, latency--and various types of security attacks has been analyzed. This article leverages new researchers for challenges and opportunities related to security and privacy in ITS.  
intelligent transport system; security; anonymity; privacy; authentication +
Footnote †: journal: Accepted: 4 October 2018; Published: 17 October 2018
## 3 Results
### Statistical Analysis of Flavor Compounds  
Principal component analysis (PCA) is shown in Figure 4, gaining insight in the nature of multivariate data, evaluating the results of biological interactions, and also checking the experiment reproducibility. High reproducibility of the fermentation procedure was observed with the replicates clustering well. It appeared that these fermentation groups, including Sf, SP, SS, and SSP, could be distinguished (Figure 4A) according to the significant differences of metabolites among them. Additionally, the resulting PCA accounted for 88.8% of the total variance for the first two PCs, with PC1 and PC2 accounting for 69.3% and 19.5, respectively (Figure 4).  
Samples taken from the Sf fermentation cultures were on the negative semi-axis of PC1 mainly because of higher levels of alcohols and esters. Alcohols such as 2-butanol, 3-methyl-1-butanol, phenethyl alcohol, and most of the esters were positively correlated with this PC. Samples taken from the SS and SSP fermentation cultures were positioned in the positive phase of PC1, showing the similarity between the two samples but the significant difference from the Sf fermentations in flavor profiles. Compounds such as 2-heptanol, 2-octanol, isobutyric acid, butyric acid, caprotic acid, and 4-hydroxy-3-methoxyrene positioned in the positive phase of PC1, were strongly linked to the SS and SSP fermentations.  
Most of these flavor compounds were gathering in the negative phase of PC2, whereas samples taken from the SP fermentations were separated in the positive part, showing that the samples were linked to few aroma components. It appeared that most of the components, especially for higher alcohols and esters, were considerably reduced in SP fermentations when compared to Sf fermentations.
###### Abstract  
There is still no consensus on whether intraoral scanning for producing full-arch implant-supported prostheses is effective. Therefore, this systematic review aimed to analyze clinical studies that evaluated intraoral scanning versus conventional impression to obtain rehabilitation of full-arch fixed prostheses and removable. Registration was carried out in the PROSPERO database (CRD: 42020152197). Searches were performed in 11 databases. Review Manager 7.2 (2024) software was used for the quantitative analysis stage (\(\alpha\) = 0.05). Bias analysis was conducted using the ROBINS-I and ROB scales, and the certainty of the evidence was evaluated using the GRADE scale. The initial search showed 33,975 abstracts and titles, from which, after applying the inclusion/exclusion criteria, 11 clinical studies were selected. Based on the studies collected, it was observed that there was no difference in the comparison between the digital (DG) and conventional (CG) groups for the following criteria: technical and biological complication rates and marginal bone loss (\(p\) > 0.05). The analysis of clinical execution time highlights a notable advantage of the DG over the CG at both scanned patient and implant levels (\(p\) < 0.05). Nevertheless, CG achieved fewer retakes than the DG (\(p\) < 0.05), demonstrating its reliability in execution. It is concluded that the survival rates of full-arch fixed prostheses produced using intraoral scanning are comparable to those achieved with traditional impression techniques, providing a reliable option for patients. However, further clinical studies are necessary due to the variability in clinical protocols.  
systematic review; CAD-CAM; dental implants; dental impression technique
## 2 Case studies  
### Archetype Buildings  
The prototype structure represents typical residential RC-frame buildings located in two different seismicity zones, according to the Italian national hazard map, and is characterised by a regular plan of approximately 240 square meters and 6 stories above ground. The ground level height is 3.4 m while the other stories heights are all 3.05 m, the building includes a staircase, designed with knee beams, and all stories have the same 25 cm-thick slab. Infill panels have been considered as regularly distributed in plan and elevation, with different opening percentages, infills dead loads have been considered in the design process. In the base-isolated configuration, a supplementary RC base slab has been implemented below the ground floor columns.  
Four case studies of base-isolated buildings consisting of a new construction and two existing buildings located in the site of Naples and of L'Aquila (Italy) have been analysed in this study. The superstructure of the new building [17; 21] has been designed with the minimum spectral acceleration of \(S_{e}~{}=~{}0.10~{}M\), with \(M\) being the seismic mass of the superstructure, and medium ductility class (CD\"B\") according to the Italian Seismic Code [28] prescriptions. Figure 1 shows a typical elevation and plan view of the new construction structure.  
The existing buildings were designed with outdated seismic codes [18; 19; 22]: the building located in Naples was designed for gravity loads only (GLD), according to D.M. 30/05/1974 [29]; the building located in L'Aquila was designed for low seismic loads (LSD) according to D.M. 24/01/1986 [30]. Floor plans are identical to the new one except for column and beam cross-section dimensions and reinforcement rebars according to the considered seismic codes. All of the perimetral beams are deeper than the slab, all internal beams are flat and they are in the y-direction only for the Naples building, and in both directions for the L'Aquila case. Figure 2 shows the floor plans of the existing structures for the (a) L'Aquila and (b) Naples sites.  
Figure 1: New construction isolated building: (**a**) side and (**b**) floor plan.  
Table 1 shows the seismic mass of the superstructure \(M\) for all case studies. The seismic weight \(W\) of the isolated buildings, which also includes the base slab mass, and the medium isolator axial load \(N_{Sd}\), evaluated considering the combination of seismic action with other gravity loads, are also reported in Table 1.
## 6 Implementation
### Technical Details  
#### 6.3.1 Reasoning System and Agent Technologies  
EC [68] is implemented and extended by the Discrete Event Calculus Knowledge Theory (DECKT) [73], which provides reasoning for automated epistemic, casual, and temporal settings with dynamic, partially-known, and/or uncertain domains. DECKT is developed in Java and JESS. JESS is a rule engine for knowledge-based reasoning in the form of declarative rules, written in Java.  
DECKT was further extended by [74] where preferences, rule priorities, and real-time events' evaluation were introduced. The overall solution was deployed as the reasoning behavior of agents implemented in the Java Agent DEvelopment framework (JADE). JADE constitutes one of the most popular agent platforms and it is open source. It simplifies the development of multi-agent systems and supports the associated specifications, made by the Foundation for Intelligent Physical Agents (FIPA) [75]--an IEEE Computer Society standards body. Moreover, JADE materializes the Agent Communication Language (ACL) [76]--the standard language for agent interaction specified by FIPA. Finally, a real-time multi-agent epistemic reasoner is implemented that also provides a conflict resolution mechanism, which resolves inconsistences among the agents' local knowledge and viewpoints, resulting in a coherent global view of the overall system.  
We utilized this reasoner from [74] to develop the composition framework, which is presented in this study. Thus, the main reasoning behavior is extended to model our proposal, and henceforth, all \"SPD agents\" deploy the CompoSecReasoner behavior. Thereafter, we further proceed with the implementation of the technical aspects and offer the overall solution as a service.
###### Abstract  
(1) Background: Side-channel attacks (SCAs) exploit unintended information leakage to compromise cryptographic security. In cyber-physical systems (CPSs), embedded systems are inherently constrained by limited resources, restricting the implementation of complex countermeasures. Traditional countermeasures, such as hiding techniques, attempt to obscure power consumption patterns; however, their effectiveness has been increasingly challenged. This study evaluates the vulnerability of dummy power traces against deep learning-based SCAs (DL-SCAs). (2) Methods: A power trace dataset was generated using a simulation environment based on Quick Emulator (QEMU) and GNU Debugger (GDB), integrating dummy traces to obfuscate execution signatures. DL models, including a Recurrent Neural Network (RNN), a Bidirectional RNN (Bi-RNN), and a Multi-Layer Perceptron (MLP), were used to evaluate classification performance. (3) Results: The models trained with dummy traces achieved high classification accuracy, with the MLP model reaching 97.81% accuracy and an F1-score of 97.77%. Despite the added complexity, DL models effectively distinguished real and dummy traces, highlighting limitations in existing hiding techniques. (4) Conclusions: These findings highlight the need for adaptive countermeasures against DL-SCAs. Future research should explore dynamic obfuscation techniques, adversarial training, and comprehensive evaluations of broader cryptographic algorithms. This study underscores the urgency of evolving security paradigms to defend against artificial intelligence-powered attacks.  
s +
Footnote †: journal: Applied sciences  
article
## 6 Requirements for Implementation of Vaccinations in Pharmacies--Recommendations
### Legal Requirements  
Conducting preventive vaccinations by pharmacists needs to be preceded by appropriate legislative changes, the scope of which will depend on the existing legal solutions in a given country. Legislative works should concern the following issues:  
\(\rightarrow\) training and granting authorization to pharmacists and changes in the pharmacy curriculum,  
\(\rightarrow\) qualifying patients to vaccinations administered by pharmacists,  
\(\rightarrow\) enabling pharmacists to conduct vaccinations,\(\rightarrow\) dispensing vaccinations without submitting prescriptions (which can have a significant effect on the availability of vaccinations),  
\(\rightarrow\) functioning of pharmacies as medical facilities,  
\(\rightarrow\) logistic and organizational requirements for pharmacies (formal, legal, procedural, register, venue, sanitary),  
\(\rightarrow\) keeping records of vaccinations,  
\(\rightarrow\) ensuring patient rights,  
\(\rightarrow\) responsibility of pharmacies and pharmacists for the consequences of vaccinations,  
\(\rightarrow\) informing about the possibility to conduct vaccinations in pharmacies,  
\(\rightarrow\) financing vaccinations [17].  
Conducting vaccinations by pharmacists should be preceded by a system of appropriate training sessions and confirmation of acquired qualifications. Additionally, extending the framework pharmacy curriculum by classes in conducting preventive vaccinations should be considered. Similarly to other countries [30], they would include both theoretical and practical aspects.
# Fast Thumbnail Extraction for H.264/AVC, HEVC and VP9
## 2 Proposed Partial Decoding of H.264/AVC, HEVC and VP9 for Thumbnail Extraction
### Memory Structures and Memory Access  
In real-time thumbnail extraction, it is important to reduce memory access and requirements. In this section, the proposed partial decoding memory structure is described. In the proposed partial decoding method, a very small number of pixels are restored over the original number of image pixels. Furthermore, some part of the restored pixels is used for the thumbnail image. Therefore, the method of storing the reconstructed pixels in the original memory structure for partial decoding is inefficient because it leaves a large amount of memory unused. The proposed memory structure does not allocate memory for pixels whose restoration operations are omitted. Because reference pixels are not re-used, a new reference pixel line can be overwritten. For the proposed thumbnail extraction, one thumbnail buffer and two reference line buffers are employed rather than a full reconstruction frame buffer. The thumbnail buffer resolution is \(1/64\) of the original one. The reference line buffer is composed of the left and top line buffers. The left line buffer has the maximum block height, and the top line buffer has a pixel value that corresponds to the width of the original image.  
After the partial intra prediction and the partial inverse transformation are performed, the predicted and residual signals are summed up, thereby restoring the thumbnail and reference pixels. Among the restored pixels, the thumbnail pixels are to be included in the output thumbnail image, and one pixel per inner 8 \(\times\) 8 sub-block is extracted and stored in the thumbnail buffer. The reference pixels are referred to as an input of the intra prediction, and they are divided into two reference line buffers and stored. The restored rightmost pixels of the block are stored in the left reference line buffer, and the lowest-order pixels are stored in the upper reference line buffer. The reference line buffers are used for consecutive block reconstructions.  
Figure 7 shows an example of the proposed memory structure when extracting thumbnails with a resolution of 3840 \(\times\) 2160. The thumbnail buffer has a resolution of 480 \(\times\) 270 (129,600 pixels). The upper and left reference line buffers have 3840 and 64 pixels, respectively; therefore, the required memory space for the restored pixel is reduced by 98%, from 8,294,400 to 133,504.  
Figure 6: Partial intra prediction for a 16 \(\times\) 16 block (diagonal mode).
# Applications of Artificial Intelligence in Neonatology
## 2 Applications of Artificial Intelligence
### AI and the Eye  
Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP), one of the most frequent causes of childhood blindness, is a multifactorial disease related to risk factors such low birth weight (BW), low gestational age (GA), oxygen exposure, infections, and blood transfusions [73]. To detect and possibly treat this condition in a timely manner, it is important to start the screening at the right time and to continue with regular monitoring and evaluations. Current ROP screening involves a first eye examination and several follow-up examinations performed longitudinally during hospitalization and after discharge if needed. The examination can be quite stressful for the baby and laborious for the ophthalmologists. Moreover, it is not always possible to follow a correct ROP screening program in remote areas [74]. Over the last few years, applications of AI in the diagnosis of this condition have been evaluated: in a recent large, international, multicenter study, a deep-learning method was trained to detect one of the features of the affected retina and to give an automated score, showing good results [75]. This important report provided a proof of concept, demonstrating that a deep-learning comprehensive screening platform could potentially improve objective ROP diagnosis and screening accessibility. Another set of authors have recently developed a deep-learning approach for the prediction of ROP and its severity in a large multicenter study [74]. The model they trained is based on retinal images from the first ROP screening and clinical data for the patient available before or at the time of the first ROP screening, making it possible to include retinal status in the predictive model. The artificial intelligence's training was based on three schemes (majority voting, one-vote veto, and image-level methods) and allowed it to generate the predictive probability of retinal photographs coupled with clinical risk factors. The deep learning-based system had similar accuracy compared to a commonly used ROP score algorithm (the ROP score) and could even have better efficiency in the detection and interpretation of pathological features compared to the classical medical evaluation. Despite the promising results of the study, larger external validation with other prospective multicenter datasets is warranted. Potentially, more sophisticated ML algorithms could provide more important prognostic details about the condition (i.e., precise staging, zone, plus disease).
## 5 Performance Evaluation
### Handover Authentication
#### 5.3.4 Storage Cost  
In the proposed protocol, the edge device only needs to store its identity \(\delta_{d}ID\), fog node identity \(\zeta_{2}ID\), a token \(O_{\delta_{d}}\), a secret key \(K_{\delta_{d}}\), and a session key \(K_{\delta_{d}\zeta_{2}}\). Less storage requirements mean more edge users can be accommodated. The edge user storage cost of 3-Tier AKA is 640 bits, which indicates that this protocol is more lightweight than the other three protocols. The edge device storage cost after the handover phase is shown in Table 19 and Figure 21.