## 5 Discussion  
For object information, this study leverages BPMN alongside Product Data Templates (PDTs) by creating an automated process anchored in the Project Information Model (PIM). The work was the realization of an integrated, automated process linking data templates to digital models, essentially forging a dynamic, adaptive project information management workflow. The BPMN played a pivotal role as the bedrock of our automated process. Known for its standardization and adaptability, it allowed the project to create a comprehensive visual guide for complex procedures and workflows. At the same time, the PDTs ensured that the data were not only consistent, but also compliant with international standards. To enrich the system interface, the BIM data in accordance with the product data templates were evaluated. This used to be a convoluted, manual process, vulnerable to human error and inconsistencies. In this study, we broke through this barrier by establishing automated algorithms that could dynamically update the BIM data, pulling from the PDTs as their source. The result was a substantial increase in efficiency, as well as a marked reduction in errors and delays. After this, the hitherto unsolved issue of the BPMN's inability to seamlessly integrate with project data management methods was solved. An intermediate software layer can harmonise BPMN workflows with project data management protocols. This layer bridged the existing data, and the processes were no longer disjointed but part of an integrated system.  
Except for the data perspectives, an interface was also requested to consider the system efficiencies and flexibilities plaguing information management in building projects. At this point, the web platform was requested to create an integrative space in which the BPMS and digital construction management systems can collaborate seamlessly. The adaptive nature of the BPMS needed to be harmonised with the rigid, often fragmented, landscape of traditional digital construction management systems. The platform in this study used IFC. Js; this is a library that acts as a linchpin, bridging the two systems in a way that amplifies the strengths of each. ifc.js has proven to be an invaluable tool and has brought an unprecedented level of flexibility and interoperability, allowing for data interchange and real-time collaboration. The application of this library paved the way for versatile modelling, data extraction, and processing data capabilities. It turned the ambitious idea of merging the BPMS with construction management systems from a conceptual dream into  
Figure 16: Sample HTML form produced.  
an operational reality. The user interface of this web platform is engaged with end users, architects, and project managers to ensure that the platform is navigable. The platform displays adaptability in its modular architecture, which ensures that additional features and updates can be integrated with minimal disruption (Figure 17).  
The proposed prototype system performed the tasks efficiently (20 s compared to 3 min) and enabled direct input within models, which is useful when it involves enriching the digital twin of a large project or a network of assets like highways or bridges [49; 50; 51; 52]. The process management system also keeps a log of transactions between models and can display forms and tasks based on which user logs into the system. One concern that was highlighted was the quality of information that suppliers might provide. Therefore, an approval task was added for the modeller to review the filled-out form before it is associated with the AIM.