## 3 Materials and Methods  
This section presents a detailed description about the proposed randomization controlling methodology used for mitigating the EMI noise. The main contribution of this work is to implement efficient control and converter topologies based on the randomization model for minimizing the EMI. Here, the interleaved boost DC-DC converter is utilized to regulate the voltage output by properly operating the switching components. Because the random and unregulated power supply may increase the level of harmonics on the load side, this work sets out to properly regulate the output based on the controlling signals generated by the controller. In this system, a randomization based space vector-dithered sigma delta modulation (SV-DiSDM) scheme is developed for generating the pulses to operate the switching components of converter, which helps to effectively reduce the level of THD and loss of power. Moreover, the two-level inverter design is utilized in this system to suppress the harmonic contents, where the switching scheme is simplified based on the mapping of the voltage reference vector with the space vector plane. In addition to that, the random dither generation unit is utilized in the controlling model, which comprises the sign discriminator and random magnitude adjustment portions. In this model, the random value between the range of \((0,1)\) is selected at every sampling instance, based on this value, the sign discriminator can decide whether the dither is implemented or not. If the signs of both input and output differ from each other during the sampling instance, the dither must not be used, because it avoids the excessive reduction of switching frequency. The overall schematic illustration of the proposed system is shown in Figure 3a. The originality of the work done lies in the combination of a randomized control approach with a high-performance modulation method, i.e., the space vector-dithered sigma delta modulation (SV-DiSDM), specially designed to minimize electromagnetic interference (EMI) in power electronic circuits. This paper illustrates an active smart control mechanism in which important switch parameters like the duty cycle, switching frequency, and signal modulation are rendered random within bounded limits in order to efficiently dissipate the harmonic energy over a wider range of frequencies. This randomization process, in addition to aiding the flattening of the emission spectrum, thus reducing interference, is also utilized to minimize peak harmonic content that normally contributes to EMI problems. The interleaved boost DC-DC converter topology is also used to increase this effect by distributing the ripple current among multiple phases, which works in conjunction with the modulation scheme and results in increased EMI suppression without any degradation in power conversion efficiency. The most significant contribution of this work is the development and application of the SV-DiSDM approach, where space vector modulation is used creatively in conjunction with a dithering-improved sigma-delta architecture. Both architectures are utilized by combining the strengths of accurate voltage regulation and noise-shaping ability to achieve a better control system with less harmonic distortion whenever it operates under dynamic load conditions. Moreover, the FPGA hardware-based digital realization of the control  
Figure 3: (**a**) Schematic representation of the proposed system. (**b**) Schematic representation of interleaved boost DC–DC converter. model is reconfigurable and high-speed processing enabled, and, therefore, the suggested solution is highly flexible for real-time power electronic applications. The comparative study carried out in terms of performance factors like total harmonic distortion (THD), switching frequency deviation, switching loss, and distortion product further assures the superiority of the suggested method compared to conventional approaches.