## 9 Conclusions  
Patients with diabetes, cancer, and chronic cardiovascular and respiratory diseases exhibit high levels of kinesiophobia, with risk factors and the therapies used to show some effectiveness not being unified or defined for each specific condition. The presence of movement-related fear in individuals with chronic illnesses represents a significant barrier to engaging in PA, which can directly impact their quality of life (Figure 2). The findings of this study may have practical applications in clinical practice by facilitating the identification of patients at increased risk of kinesiophobia and enabling the adaptation of therapeutic strategies to the specific characteristics of each disease. Furthermore, considering the impact of kinesiophobia in health policy development may contribute to the creation of more effective rehabilitation and prevention programs. Future research is recommended to focus on identifying risk factors and the influence of kinesiophobia on various aspects of life, allowing for clearer understanding and coherence. Existing studies confirm the effectiveness of some diagnostic tools used to assess kinesiophobia; however, conclusive scientific evidence is lacking for certain methods. Therefore, further research is recommended, both to validate the effectiveness of currently available tools and to assess methods that have not yet been sufficiently studied in the context of specific chronic diseases. Figure 2: Supportive therapies, risk factors, and consequences of kinesiophobia. **Author Contributions:** Conceptualization, M.W., M.G. and I.K.-S.; methodology, P.S., M.W. and M.G. ; formal analysis, M.W. ; resources, M.W., P.S., M.G. and I.K.-S.; writing--original draft preparation, M.W. ; writing--review and editing, M.G., W.S.-B., M.R. and I.K.-S.; visualization, P.S., M.G. and E.M.-M.; supervision, I.K.-S. and W.S.-B. ; project administration, M.G. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript. **Funding:** This research received no external funding. **Institutional Review Board Statement:** Not applicable. **Informed Consent Statement:** Not applicable. **Data Availability Statement:** The original contributions presented in the study are included in the article, further inquiries can be directed to the corresponding author. **Conflicts of Interest:** The authors declare no conflicts of interest. * _[PERSON] et al. (2022)_ [PERSON] [PERSON]; [PERSON]; [PERSON]; [PERSON]; [PERSON]; [PERSON] [PERSON]; [PERSON]; [PERSON] [PERSON]; [PERSON]; [PERSON] [PERSON] The Level of Kinesiophobia in Breast Cancer Women Undergoing Surgical Treatment. _Front. Oncol._**20223**, _13_, 1010315. [CrossRef]
* _[PERSON] (2018)_ [PERSON] [PERSON]; [PERSON] [PERSON] Clinimetrics: Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia. _J. Physiother._**2018**, _64_, 126. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
* [PERSON] et al. (2021) [PERSON]; [PERSON]; [PERSON]; [PERSON]; [PERSON]. Analysis of the Measurement Properties of the Brazilian-Portuguese Version of the Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia-11 in Patients with Fibromyalgia. _Braz. J. Phys. Ther._**2021**, _25_, 168-174. [CrossRef]
* [PERSON] et al. (2022) [PERSON]; [PERSON]; [PERSON] [PERSON]; [PERSON] [PERSON]; [PERSON] [PERSON]; [PERSON] [PERSON]; [PERSON] Kinesiophobia Levels in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis: A Case-Control Investigation. _Biology_**2022**, _11_, 1428. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
* _[PERSON] et al. (2021)_ [PERSON]; [PERSON]; [PERSON] [PERSON]; [PERSON]; [PERSON] [PERSON] Kinesiophobia in Stroke Patients, Multiple Sclerosis and Parkinson's Disease. _Diagnostics_**2021**, _11_, 796. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
* _[PERSON] et al. (2022)_ [PERSON]; [PERSON] Kinesiophobia and Related Factors in Cancer Patients with TIAPs during the Long Term: A Cross-Sectional Survey. _Support. Care Cancer_**2022**, _30_, 4927-4934. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
* _[PERSON] et al. (2024)_ [PERSON]; [PERSON]; [PERSON]; [PERSON]; [PERSON] Measurement Properties of Assessment Tools of Kinesophobia in Patients with Cardiovascular Disease: A Systematic Review. _Int. J. Nurs.