## 2 Results
### Phytotoxicity of EOs in Vapor Phase
Specifically, at the highest dose (100 \(\mu\)L), _P. abies_ reduced germination of _L. multiformum_ by 62%, followed by _P. cembra_ (\(-46\%\)), _P. mugo_ and _A. alba_ (\(-39\%\) and \(-38\%\), respectively). _P. abies_ EO was the only one to significantly inhibit it (\(-57\%\)), even at a dose of 50 \(\mu\)L.  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Target Species** & **EO (\(\mu\)L)** & **C (\%)** & **GI** & **CVG** & **MGT** & **Shoot (mm)** \\ \hline \multirow{6}{*}{_S. alba_} & \(100\) & \(53\pm 5.3\) b & \(56\pm 8.8\) d & \(29\pm 27\) c & \(5.8\pm 0.2\) c & \(26\pm 3.9\) c \\ \cline{2-6}  & \(p\)-value & 0.001 \({}^{*}\) & 0.000 \({}^{*}\) & 0.000 \({}^{*}\) & 0.007 \({}^{*}\) & 0.000 \({}^{*}\) \\ \hline \multirow{6}{*}{_[PERSON]. alba_} & \(0\) & \(90\pm 11.5\) a & \(247\pm 24.6\) a & \(106\pm 15.6\) a & \(4.3\pm 0.3\) a & \(28\pm 11.1\) a \\  & \(2\) & \(77\pm 4.0\) b & \(209\pm 11.2\) b & \(84\pm 5.9\) b & \(4.6\pm 0.1\) ab & \(25\pm 2.6\) b \\  & \(20\) & \(77\pm 4.0\) b & \(196\pm 10.4\) b & \(82\pm 7.0\) b & \(4.7\pm 0.1\) b & \(24\pm 0.5\) b \\  & \(50\) & \(67\pm 5.3\) b & \(149\pm 23.6\) c & \(57\pm 11.3\) c & \(4.7\pm 0.1\) b & \(19\pm 2.1\) c \\  & \(100\) & \(53\pm 5.3\) c & \(123\pm 19.8\) c & \(46\pm 8.8\) c & \(4.9\pm 0.1\) b & \(18\pm 1.3\) c \\ \cline{2-6}  & \(p\)-value & 0.000 \({}^{*}\) & 0.000 \({}^{*}\) & 0.000 \({}^{*}\) & 0.007 \({}^{*}\) & 0.000 \({}^{*}\) \\ \hline \multicolumn{6}{c}{_P. abies_} \\ \hline \multirow{6}{*}{_S. alba_} & \(0\) & \(92\pm 6.2\) a & \(179\pm 22.5\) a & \(89\pm 5.7\) a & \(5.0\pm 0.2\) a & \(71\pm 3.1\) a \\  & \(2\) & \(82\pm 6.7\) ab & \(138\pm 9.5\) b & \(70\pm 6.6\) b & \(5.2\pm 0.0\) ab & \(67\pm 5.7\) a \\ \cline{2-6}  & \(20\) & \(77\pm 11.6\) ab & \(132\pm 13.5\) b & \(66\pm 7.1\) b & \(5.2\pm 0.0\) ab & \(63\pm 4.6\) a \\ \cline{2-6}  & \(50\) & \(69\pm 8.3\) b & \(103\pm 11.9\) c & \(50\pm 3.9\) c & \(5.3\pm 0.0\) b & \(32\pm 3.5\) b \\ \cline{2-6}  & \(100\) & \(50\pm 3.5\) c & \(33\pm 4.5\) d & \(18\pm 3.8\) d & \(6.1\pm 0.1\) c & \(29\pm 2.6\) b \\ \cline{2-6}  & \(p\)-value & 0.000 \({}^{*}\) & 0.000 \({}^{*}\) & 0.000 \({}^{*}\) & 0.000 \({}^{*}\) & 0.000 \({}^{*}\) \\ \hline \multirow{6}{*}{_S. alba_} & \(0\) & \(88\pm 9.9\) a & \(234\pm 18.8\) a & \(101\pm 14.1\) a & \(4.6\pm 0.1\) a & \(33\pm 0.9\) a \\  & \(2\) & \(78\pm 6.7\) ab & \(205\pm 18.5\) b & \(78\pm 7.4\) b & \(4.8\pm 0.2\) bc & \(29\pm 2.1\) b \\ \cline{2-6}  & \(20\) & \(67\pm 9.4\) b & \(138\pm 17.6\) c & \(60\pm 7.4\) c & \(4.8\pm 0.1\) bc & \(25\pm 2.8\) c \\ \cline{2-6}  & \(50\) & \(40\pm 13.5\) c & \(84\pm 5.0\) d & \(29\pm 7.5\) d & \(5.5\pm 0.1\) c & \(19\pm 2.5\) d \\ \cline{2-6}  & \(100\) & \(35\pm 4.4\) c & \(82\pm 13.3\) d & \(28\pm 1.6\) d & \(5.0\pm 0.1\) c & \(12\pm 1.4\) e \\ \cline{2-6}  & \(p\)-value & 0.000 \({}^{*}\) & 0.000 \({}^{*}\) & 0.000 \({}^{*}\) & 0.012 \({}^{*}\) & 0.000 \({}^{*}\) \\ \hline \multicolumn{6}{c}{_P. cembra_} \\ \hline \multirow{6}{*}{_L. multiformum_} & \(0\) & \(87\pm 7.5\) a & \(173\pm 14.6\) a & \(85\pm 102.2\) a & \(5.1\pm 0.0\) a & \(67\pm 3.9\) a \\  & \(2\) & \(77\pm 4.0\) ab & \(155\pm 7.5\) a & \(73\pm 5.8\) a & \(5.1\pm 0.0\) a & \(58\pm 4.7\) ab \\ \cline{2-6}  & \(20\) & \(62\pm 15.6\) bc & \(95\pm 20.6\) b & \(44\pm 13.5\) b & \(5.3\pm 0.1\) b & \(50\pm 11.2\) bc \\  
In contrast, all EOs were also significantly active at 2 and/or 20 \(\upmu\)L against _S. alba_. Its germination decreased by 24-82% due to _P. cembra_ (20-100 \(\upmu\)L) and by 59-82% due to _P. mugo_ (2-100 \(\upmu\)L). _P. abies_ (20-100 \(\upmu\)L) diminished it by 24-60% while _A. alba_ (2-100 \(\upmu\)L) by 14-41%. The GI, CVG and MGT indices confirmed this trend, highlighting the effectiveness of EOs in reducing germination speed and increasing germination times. _A. alba_ and _P. abies_ significantly decreased GI and CVG values of both _L. multiformum_ (\(-18\)% to \(-65\)% and \(-22\)% to \(-65\)%, respectively) and _S. alba_ (\(-15\)% to \(-50\)% and \(-21\)% to \(-57\)%) starting from 2 \(\upmu\)L. _P. cembra_ and _P.