## 2 Theoretical Background
### Benefit Factor  
This study intends to measure by adding anthropomorphism [9; 10] to convenience, usefulness, and pleasure among the constructs mainly used as positive factors suggested by the existing Value-based Acceptance Model (VAM) [11; 12; 13; 14]. Considering that the AI speaker was launched in 2007 by Xiomi's [PERSON] Speaker, we want to measure whether there are characteristics similar to those of a person who can represent the characteristics of artificial intelligence due to technological progress. In addition, technical difficulties, cost burden, and security threats as negative factors will be measured as well as the reliability of the information. In terms of the benefits of artificial intelligence speakers, we want to apply the paradigm of CASA (Computers as Social Actors [15]) rather than simply measuring the perceived usefulness or the perceived ease of use. CASA recognizes the relationship between computers and humans as a social relationship. In other words, it is possible to recognize the AI speaker as a human rather than a machine and feel emotional sympathy. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c} \hline \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**Vendors**} & **Market Share** & *** Shipments** & *** Shipments** & \multirow{2}{*}{**Growth Rate**} \\  & **(2021)** & **(2020)** & **(2021)** & \\ \hline Amazon & 26.60\% & 33.60 & 42.40 & 8.80\% \\ \hline Google & 17.30\% & 23.80 & 27.60 & 3.80\% \\ \hline Baidu & 15.60\% & 19.40 & 24.80 & 5.40\% \\ \hline Alibaba & 12.60\% & 17.10 & 20.00 & 2.90\% \\ \hline Apple & 9.60\% & 7.30 & 15.20 & 7.90\% \\ \hline Xiaomi & 6.30\% & 10.60 & 10.00 & \(-\)0.60\% \\ \hline Others & 12.00\% & 18.90 & 19.10 & 0.20\% \\ \hline Total & 100.00\% & 130.70 & 159.10 & 28.40\% \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}  
* Shipments: shipments in millions of units.  
\end{table} 
Table 1: Artifical Artificial intelligence speaker market forecast by [9]. Perceived anthropomorphism is when non-human animals, certain products, computers, and robots are given certain human-like attributes and emotions. Then, such things and objects think and interact similar to humans [17; 18; 19]. However, as a result of interviewing a person who uses an artificial intelligence speaker in advance, they say that it does not seem to be at that level. Existing research on AI speaking is as follows. A study by [PERSON] et al. (2021) suggests that artificial intelligence speakers should be able to simulate the human inner world. Here, it is pointed out that the simulation should be able to speak subjectively rather than simply talking only the inputted sentences. In addition, it should be possible to use the informal language generated by artificial intelligence as well as the official language [19]. This is called anthropomorphism. However, the AI speaker investigated in this study does not have such a function. The date of this study is 2022. However, the artificial intelligence suggested by [PERSON]'s research compared to the definition of speaking anthropomorphism, AI speakers in products on the market are not AI at all. As for the convenience of artificial intelligence, the following examples are given. The AI speaker is placed next to the TV to operate the TV or it is used for Internet browsing. We are using a service that plays music to a dog when it is alone in the house through an artificial intelligence speaker or provides food according to the time of day [20]. As for the usefulness of artificial intelligence, the following examples are given. Artificial intelligence speakers are included in navigation systems when driving a vehicle and they are used to generate the shortest route by recognizing the destination by voice. In addition, it can be seen that an artificial intelligence speaker was used as a conversation partner for the elderly [21]. The intimacy created by using artificial intelligence speakers is said to provide psychological help to the elderly living alone, people living alone, and the socially disadvantaged [21].