# Exploring the Impact of Thermal Environment on Student Well-Being in Sustainable Campus Settings
## 3 Results and Discussion
### Analysis in the Spring Season
#### 3.3.2 Influence of Landscape Site Variations on Psychological Factors  
In evaluating the psychological impacts associated with different landscape sites, it is observed in Figure 12 that sites designated as 'Naturally Shaded' consistently scored favorably across most parameters in comparison to 'Artificially Shaded' and 'Unshaded' sites. Specifically, the 'Naturally Shaded' site exhibited the lowest mean ranks in terms of 'Body Heat', 'Skin Dryness', 'Thermal Discomfort', and 'Unproductivity'. This suggests that participants experienced relatively less heat, dryness, discomfort, and unproductivity when situated within naturally shaded environments. Conversely, 'Artificially Shaded' sites demonstrated higher mean ranks in several categories, implying increased perceptions of heat, skin dryness, and discomfort. Of note, the 'Unshaded' site also showed high mean ranks for 'Skin Dryness', 'Thermal Discomfort', and 'Unproductivity', indicating that the absence of shade, whether natural or artificial, might exacerbate these feelings. Thus, in terms of landscape design and planning, emphasizing naturally shaded areas may provide optimal comfort and productivity benefits for individuals. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c l c c c c c c} \hline \hline  & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Sample**} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{**Test Statistic**} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{**Std. Error**} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{**Std. Test Statistic**} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{**Sig.**} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{**Adj. Sig. * **} \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{**Signed**} & \multirow{4}{*}{**Signed**} & Light & \multirow{2}{*}{6.556} & \multirow{2}{*}{3.629} & \multirow{2}{*}{1.807} & \multirow{2}{*}{0.071} & \multirow{2}{*}{0.212} \\  & & Brown–Black & Light & & & & & \\  & & Brown–White & & & & & \\  & & Black–White & & & & & \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{**Signed**} & \multirow{4}{*}{**Signed**} & Light & \multirow{2}{*}{7.667} & \multirow{2}{*}{3.567} & \multirow{2}{*}{2.149} & \multirow{2}{*}{0.032} & \multirow{2}{*}{0.095} \\  & & [PERSON]–Black & & & & & \\  & & Light & & & & & \\  & & Brown–White & & & & & \\  & & Black–White & & & & & \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{**Signed**} & \multirow{4}{*}{**Signed**} & Light & \multirow{2}{*}{5.833} & \multirow{2}{*}{3.624} & \multirow{2}{*}{1.610} & \multirow{2}{*}{0.107} & \multirow{2}{*}{0.322} \\  & & [PERSON]–Black & & & & & \\  & & Light & & & & & \\  & & Brown–White & & & & & \\  & & Brown–White & & & & & \\  & & Black–White & & & & & \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 5: Pairwise comparisons for various psychological perceptions with respect to abaya colors. Upon conducting the Kruskal-Wallis test to assess the influence of landscape site variations on various psychological factors, it was determined that none of the observed variations among the factors were statistically significant, given the relatively high \(p\)-values (>0.05) across all measures. Specifically, factors such as 'Body Fatigue', 'Eye Fatigue', 'Body Heat', 'Skin Dryness', 'Thermal Discomfort', 'Desire to Escape', 'Site Unattractiveness', and 'Unproductivity' did not exhibit any significant differences across the landscape site categories. The findings suggest that, in the context of this study, the Landscape Site variations did not have a pronounced effect on the participants' perceptions and experiences related to these psychological parameters. Consequently, other external or internal variables not examined in this study might play a more pivotal role in shaping these psychological responses. As a result of this investigation, it is clear that the landscape site has no impact on students' psychological perception during the spring season. As a result, null hypothesis 2 is partially upheld. Even though the differences are not statistically significant, if one had to make a decision based solely on the provided data and considering the overall comfort, 'Naturally Shaded' sites appear to be the most favorable in terms of the measured psychological factors.