## 1 Introduction  
Naturally derived compounds extracted from natural sources (e.g., plants, marine organisms, microorganisms, and animals) are of growing interest because of their non-toxic properties and high biocompatibility compared with chemically synthesized compounds (e.g., \(\beta\)-lactams such as penicillin and cephalosporions) [1; 2]. Natural compounds, including flavonoids, phenolic compounds, terpenoids, etc., are known to have various biological activities (e.g., antimicrobial, antiviral, and so on) [3; 4; 5; 6; 7]. Several researchers have studied these natural compounds to analyze their physicochemical (e.g., terpenoids, and secondary metabolites) and biological properties (e.g., antimicrobial activity against bacteria, fungi, and viruses) [3; 4; 5; 6; 7; 8]. In recent years, microorganisms such as viruses and bacteria have become a crucial issue in both animal diseases and life-threatening diseases affecting humans (e.g., COVID-19). Humans are routinely exposed to airborne pathogenic microorganisms; therefore, prevention strategies are necessary. According to studies, extracts derived from natural sources (e.g., plants, marine origin, etc.) exhibit a resistance to microorganisms [9; 10; 11; 12; 13]. Thus, naturally derived compounds may be potential materials for solving microbial threats. In previous studies, supercritical CO\({}_{2}\), enzyme-, ultrasonic-, and microwave-assisted extractions have been introduced as alternatives to conventional solvent extraction processes for more effective extraction of bioactive molecules from natural materials [8; 14; 15; 16]. Although these extraction techniques have some advantages, they are limited by various factors (e.g., high cost, complicated processes, etc.) [17]. Consequently, numerous studies have employed the solvent extraction method to acquire naturally derived compounds. Investigating the most optimal extraction solvent is necessary because variations in the performance of the extraction solvents and raw materials (e.g., plants) lead to differences in outcomes [18; 19; 20; 21; 22; 23; 24]. Similarly, several authors have reported that the amount of extracted polyphenols and the antibacterial ability of the extracts are altered according to the polarity of the extraction solvent [11; 22; 24]. _C. myrrha_ resin produced from the _Comniphona_ genus (mostly _C. myrha_ and _C. molmol_ of 150 species in Africa, Arabia, and India) has been used for various therapeutic applications (e.g., embalming ointment, pain reliever, etc.) due to the prevention and treatment performance of several components, such as terpen, steroids, and sterols [16; 23]. Therefore, _C. myrrha_ resin is beneficial as a medicinal agent for infection prevention and wound treatment [25]. In addition, _C. myrrha_ resin shows antimicrobial activity against bacteria such as _Staphylococcus aureus_, _Bacillus cereus_, _Bacillus subtilis_, _Escherichia coli_, _Klebsiella pneumoniae_, and _Fusobacterium nucleatum_[26; 27; 28; 29; 30]. [PERSON] et al., analyzed the antiviral activity of _C. myrrha_ extracts obtained using a supercritical fluid extraction process against influenza A virus [16]. Extracts containing alpha-tocopherol acetate (ATA) decrease viral replication and nucleoprotein expression. However, a few studies have investigated the viral resistance of _C. myrrha_ resins. Researchers have attempted to study antimicrobial materials and synthesize them using phytochemicals for potential applications. Modern technologies include bionanoparticles (for therapy and drug delivery), Ag nanoparticle composites (for antimicrobial and antiviral purposes), and biochar (for environmental remediation) [31; 32; 33]. [PERSON] et al., reported that caraway essential oils, including aromatic compounds such as terpinene, cymene, and limonene, need to be immobilized and incorporated into a matrix (e.g., polypropylene) owing to their inherent volatility [34]. Overcoming these problems can reduce the loss of compounds and maintain desired compounds.