## 3 Modeling of AV-Mixed Traffic Information
### Definition of AV-Mixed Traffic Information  
Before defining the AV-mixed Traffic Information, first, the Fundamental Traffic Information presented by MOLIT of Korea is elaborated. The Fundamental Traffic Information is the information promulgated by MOLIT Announcement No. 2016-206 for exchanging the basic traffic information required to build and operate ITS for traffic facilities, such as expressways and national highways. The Fundamental Traffic Information consists of the following types: (1) Traffic Flow, (2) Vehicle Detection, (3) Traffic Incident, (4) Traffic Restriction, (5) Road Dynamic Status, (6) Road Static Status, (7) Weather, and (8) Probe Vehicle.  
The AV-mixed Traffic Information is defined by spatially subdividing traffic information provided by conventional traffic information centers. It includes the concept and types of the Fundamental Traffic Information defined by MOLIT and traffic object information that needs to be provided by traffic control centers of the future.  
**Definition. AV-mixed Traffic Information**  
_AV-mixed Traffic Information refers to the Primitive Traffic Information of traffic control centers of the future, derived by spatially subdividing the Fundamental Traffic Information and adding the dynamic information of traffic objects._  
Spatially subdividing involves going beyond the traffic information provided by conventional traffic information centers in units of node-link and providing detailed traffic information in units of lane/cell and/or longitude/latitude. The dynamic information of traffic objects refers to the states (e.g., location, signal, and facility status) of traffic objects (e.g., vehicles, pedestrians, and road infrastructure) that change with time. As shown in Figure 1, the AV-mixed Traffic Information defined in this study consists of the following types: (1) Traffic Flow, (2) Traffic Incident, (3) Traffic Facility, (4) Weather, (5) Probe Vehicle, (6) Traffic Signal, and (7) Autonomous Vehicle.  
The AV-mixed Traffic Information types defined in Figure 2 show prominent features. First, conventional Traffic Flow and Vehicle Detection types, Traffic Incident and TrafficRestriction types, and Road Dynamic Status and Road Static Status types have the same source that provides information. Therefore, they have been merged into Traffic Flow, Traffic Incident, and Traffic Facility types, respectively, in the AV-mixed Traffic Information. Second, the Traffic Signal and Autonomous Vehicle types, which did not exist previously, have been added. Finally, the spatial unit of all AV-mixed Traffic Information types is lane/cell and/or longitude/latitude. Consequently, the AV-mixed Traffic Information types have microscopic features.  
Figure 3 visualizes the proposed AV-mixed Traffic Information. It consists of primitive types exhibiting different heterogeneous features and comprises tensor-like multi-dimensional traffic information using time, space, and type as each axis. In addition, the AV-mixed Traffic Information not only uses individual types but also combines individual types and identifies correlations between types to reproduce analytical information (projected onto a sphere) through high-order analyses such as statistics, diagnosis, and prediction.  
Figure 3: Schematic of AV-mixed traffic Information.  
Figure 2: Characteristics of AV-mixed Traffic Information.