## 3 Proposed Framework for Cloud Multi-Factor Multi-Layer Authentication
### Cloud MFA Algorithm for Intrusion Detection
* Security risks: The proposed framework introduces new security risks, such as vulnerabilities in the authentication method selector (AMS) technique or the intrusion detection component. Additionally, the framework collects sensitive user data, such as location and web browser information, which could be misused if compromised. * Privacy risks: The proposed framework collects sensitive user data, such as location and web browser information. These data could be misused if compromised. Additionally, the framework uses these data to manipulate user behavior, which could be seen as an invasion of privacy. To mitigate these privacy risks, the framework can be designed to collect only the information that is necessary for its operation, and this information should be protected using appropriate security measures. Additionally, users should be given the option to opt out of having their data used to manipulate their behavior. * Execution time: although the proposed framework contains different authentication factors, the overall time complexity is considered relatively low with the increasing number of cloud users. MFA can be used to boost the security of cloud computing environments by adding an extra layer of protection to the authentication process. In doing so, you can defend yourself from several types of assaults, such as phishing attacks, password attacks, and brute-force attacks [92]. There are varieties of different MFA methods that can be used in cloud computing environments. Some common MFA methods include the following. * One-time passwords (OTPs): OTPs are generated by a separate device, such as a smartphone app or a hardware token. * Location-based authentication: Location-based authentication methods use the user's location to authenticate them. For example, a user can enter a code that is sent to their smartphone when they are trying to log in to a cloud application from a new location. Security analysis can be used to assess the security of MFA implementations in cloud computing environments [93]. This analysis can help to identify and mitigate any potential security risks. Some of the key areas of security analysis for MFA in cloud computing include the following. * The strength of the authentication factors used: The authentication factors used should be strong and resistant to attack. For example, passwords should be complex and unique, and OTPs should be generated using a secure algorithm. * The implementation of the MFA method: The MFA method should be implemented correctly and securely. For example, OTPs should be transmitted and stored securely. * The management of MFA users and devices: MFA users and devices should be managed securely. For example, users should be required to change their passwords regularly, and devices should be improved with the latest security patches. There are a number of benefits to using proposed MFA in cloud computing environments, including the following. * Improved security: the MFA framework makes it more difficult for attackers to gain unauthorized access to cloud systems and applications. * Reduced risk of data breaches: the MFA framework can help to reduce the risk of data breaches by making it more difficult for attackers to steal user credentials. * Increased compliance: many organizations are subject to industry-specific regulations that require them to implement MFA. * Improved user confidence: customers are more likely to trust organizations that can demonstrate that they are taking steps to protect their data. Generally, the proposed framework is designed to improve the security of cloud platforms and reduce false alarms by using a variety of authentication factors and by monitoring user behavior. ## 6 Implementation and Results for Authentication Algorithm

This section explains how the planned MFA layers will be implemented on the cloud-computing platform along with the user authentication method that goes with it.