## 4 Discussion  
The traditional methods of endodontic treatment are closely related to the dentist's experience, while insufficient experience can easily lead to misdiagnosis or unsuccessful endodontic treatment outcomes. The visual limitations of 2D imaging cause errors and inaccuracies in the location of root canals, which is one of the main factors affecting the effectiveness of treatment [30]. Such limitations can lead to complications during treatment in the form of sudden, unexpected breakage of rotary instruments or perforation triggering an incorrect understanding of the anatomy [31]. Anatomy analysis in three dimensions is a breakthrough in the clinical approach aimed at improving safety through appropriate treatment planning and selection of tools [32]. Here, immersive technologies create a huge opportunity to increase the efficiency of endodontic treatments, while it enables the identification of all root canal orifices with high accuracy, focusing on the first stage of endodontic treatment: opening the tooth chamber [33; 34; 35]. The potential use of AR to avoid random errors when accessing the bottom of the tooth chamber has been evaluated in several studies [33; 35]. The results of their research show that this new technology provides dentists with useful information that facilitates the procedure. [PERSON] et al. concentrated on the analysis of endodontic access to cavities, in terms of accuracy, using both the application of AR-based techniques and conventional techniques [36]. It turns out that the use of AR enables the achievement of higher accuracy of endodontic access to cavities. In the paper by [PERSON] et al., AR was used \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c} \hline \hline
**Tooth Number** & **CBCT Analysis Time** & **Time to Analyze 3D Models** &
\begin{tabular}{c} **Time Saved When Using MR** \\ **Compared to Traditional Methods [\%]** \\ \end{tabular} \\ \hline
17 & 5 min 50 s & 3 min 28s & 40.57 \\ \hline
16 & 4 min 13 s & 2 min 15 s & 46.46 \\ \hline
15 & 3 min 40 s & 1 min 10 s & 54.83 \\ \hline
11 & 2 min 35 s & 43 s & 72.25 \\ \hline
46 & 4 min 55 s & 2 min 38 s & 46.44 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 7: The comparison of the MR application with the traditional methods in root canal treatments. to determine the position of the maxilla and mandible based on computed tomography [37], while in the paper by [PERSON] et al., AR was applied to the detection of the canal's orifices [32]. In the preliminary study by [PERSON] et al., VR was applied to the endodontic curriculum concerning root canal anatomy [21]. It presented a computer-assisted learning (CAL) approach for third-year undergraduate students. A survey was conducted in which students' opinions regarding the recognition of anatomical features of the canals using VR and the use of two-dimensional radiographs and CBCT data were examined. It turns out that both methodologies gave similar results in terms of understanding the topic and the student's ability to use the acquired knowledge. Moreover, it shows a positive approach of dental students to the application of immersion technologies in education. Virtual reality was also applied as a complementary method to endodontics training on mannequins [38]. It turns out that it helps improve the fine motor skills of the students. Moreover, AR/VR/MR applications in dental education provide material savings and enable the practice of dental procedures on computer models [39]. The potential of VR in virtual surgical planning, especially in oral and maxillofacial reconstruction, has been shown in several studies [40; 41; 42]. It has the potential to reduce the shortcoming of pre-operative medical imaging due to visuospatial vision. Another interesting solution is the application of virtual reality to reduce the level of stress associated with visiting the dentist, in particular in the case of children, by distracting the patient [43]. It is known that 3D visualization helps to understand complex tasks or provides a more in-depth picture of the situation.