## 2 Related Work  
In the pursuit of enhancing quality of experience (QoE) in hybrid fog and edge architectures for massive multiplayer online games (MMOs), it is essential to analyze previous contributions in the field of load balancing and resource optimization. This analysis provides valuable context for developing the \"Dynamic Low Latency Load Balancing Model\". The article in [5] presents a framework for developing scalable MMOG backends that can run on commodity cloud platforms. Athlos addresses key challenges in real-time distributed applications, including the lack of standardized methodologies and scalability support. This framework enables developers to quickly prototype scalable, low-latency backends using enterprise application concepts. Load balancing is a crucial aspect of Athlos' infrastructure, employing real-time parallelization and balancing techniques to minimize network traffic, bandwidth usage, and latency. Similarly, the article in [1] proposes a task-based load balancing framework for cloud-aware MMOGs, dividing tasks into core and background subtasks to improve efficiency under temporary overload conditions. In the same vein of optimization and scalability, the work presented in [6] suggests a hybrid architecture that combines cloud and user resources to enhance economic sustainability and scalability. This architecture uses components like the Positional Action Manager (PAM) and the State Action Manager (SAM) to manage load through a distributed system among players and nodes. The article in [2] proposes a cloud-based P2P system for MMOGs, where player actions are exchanged directly in regions coordinated by players, reducing the bandwidth required at the central server and efficiently distributing the load. Additionally, the work presented in [7] called \"Dynamic Area of Interest Management for Massively Multiplayer Online Games Using OPNET\" introduces an area of interest management mechanism (AoIM) that, while not explicitly focusing on load balancing, helps reduce network traffic and improve scalability by sending only relevant updates to each player. Traffic optimization is crucial in [8], which addresses reducing bandwidth consumption and latency through header multiplexing and compression in MMORPGs. In the realm of load balancing in P2P architectures, the paper in [9] proposes a load balancing algorithm based on k-means++ to reduce the load on game management nodes, improving player distribution and system efficiency. The article in [3] explores a meta-reinforcement learning technique for optimal load balancing in software-defined networks (SDNs), using an actor-critic architecture for quick and efficient adaptation in multicontroller environments. The analysis of [10] highlights the importance of HTTP load balancing to improve server scalability and fault handling in recent mobile games. The paper in [11] examines how optimization algorithms can improve load balancing in IoT clusters, dynamically adjusting workloads to avoid node overload. The research in [12] discusses a locality-aware dynamic load management algorithm for MMOGs, emphasizing the importance of load balancing for a high-quality gaming experience. The article [13] presents a cloud-based infrastructure that uses Kubernetes for load balancing and scaling containers based on CPU usage. In the context of microservices architectures, the paper in [14] analyzes memory usage and load balancing techniques to support a large number of players in MMORPGs, modularizing services to improve scalability. The research in [15] emphasizes how orchestration platforms can provide load balancing capabilities, facilitating the management of large-scale game servers. The article [16] addresses task load optimization in B5G/6G communication networks. It proposes a two-layer collaborative offloading architecture to balance loads between base stations and vehicles, using an iterative framework based on sequential quadratic programming and game theory to improve efficiency in terms of latency and energy consumption.