# REERP: A Region-Based Energy-Efficient Routing Protocol for IoT Wireless Sensor Networks
## 4 Results and Discussions
### Performance Analysis and Evaluation  
This subsection evaluates according to the parameters evaluated. About 30% more energy is used to generate diverse nodes than homogeneous nodes (\(n=0.3\) and alpha = 1). After delivery, all nodes are in a steady state. Cluster heads and gateway nodes acquire the reports properly and consolidate them prior to transmission. Thus, even though it would be a useful addition to future studies, fusion verification is not taken into account in this research. Taking into account performance indicators, the evaluation is utilized to determine the effect that is determined by every parameter:  
1. Depending on the number of iterations,the total number of live nodes in each cluster. In the network, the amount of energy still present reflects the number of network nodes that are still functional for each cluster iteration. If a routing method can keep a number of nodes active after numerous routing iterations, it becomes more effective. 2. Nodes that are dead in a cluster iteration. Throughout the overall survival of the network, it levels out within the network as a function of fluctuating energy. This also shows how long the network might still last. If a routing method lowers the proportion of dead nodes in each cluster, it becomes more effective. 3. **Bandwidth:** It refers to how many packets each iteration's nodes send to the BS. The actual energy utilization with respect to the fundamental routing method can be seen in the bandwidth. 4. **Packets acquired:** It displays the precise packets approved by BS. If a routing plan maximizes the number of packets that are delivered to the destination packets, it will be significantly more effective. 5. **Network's remaining energy:** Analyzing the use of energy of nodes during each loop is beneficial. A routing method that guarantees reduced energy use is frequently thought to be more effective. The routing tree should be updated and the network energy can be balanced by making clusters in each iteration. For each iteration, the worth of each of the mentioned parameters is evaluated and computed. The lifespan of networks has been thoroughly studied, and the results are depicted. This result presents the total alive SN for every iteration done in clustering of the stable election protocol, a multi-hop efficient routing protocol for gateways, a heterogeneous protocol for multi-hop energy-conscious routing for gateways, and the proposed model. Figure 4 indicates that, in the case of the proposed model, the number of active nodes per iteration slowly decreases compared to other routing protocols. For 3000 iterations, the proposed model acquires 70% of alive nodes as compared to the stable election, gateway energy aware, and heterogeneous gateway energy aware that acquire 10%, 0.5%, and 60%, which clearly shows that the proposed model stays alive longer than the other routing protocols, resulting in a longer network lifetime than the other routing protocols. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c} \hline \hline
**Parameters** & **Values** \\ \hline Network field & 200 m \(\times\) 200 m \\ Number of nodes & 200 \\ Size of message & 5000 bits \\ The initial energy of normal nodes & 1 J \\ Simulation Time & 30 min \\ Collection of data & Periodically \\ Maximum number of packets & 100 \\ Control size of packets & 100 bits \\ Time taken for communication & 200–2000 s \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 2: Simulation parameters. It should be noted that the implementation of multihop transmission among CH, the gateway, and the BS is what gives the proposed protocol its efficient implementation. Consequently, the energy usage of the network has decreased due to the reduced rate of data transmission. Figure 5 depicts the number of nodes that have died overall in a network during each iteration when using any of the multi-hop routing techniques. For 1500 iterations, the proposed model found that 95% dead nodes as compared to the stable election, gateway energy aware and heterogeneous gateway energy aware found 90%, 70%, and 0% dead nodes.