# ZigBeeNet: Decrypted Zigbee IoT Network Traffic Dataset in Smart Home Environment
## 3 Zigbee and Other Protocols Commonly Used in Smart Homes  
Alongside presenting a new decrypted Zigbee dataset in this paper, we also address the fact that we chose Zigbee technology among many protocols used in smart homes \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Dataset** & **Area of Use** & **Period** & **Device Type** & **Decrypted** & **Public Shared** \\ \hline ZigBeeNet & \begin{tabular}{c} Network traffic characteristics, \\ Zigbee traffic generator \\ \end{tabular} & \begin{tabular}{c} 23 September 2024–14 \\ October 2024 (20 days) \\ \end{tabular} & 15 IoT Zigbee & Yes & Yes \\ \hline Zigbee attack & Energy attack & 29 April 2021–2 May 2021 & \begin{tabular}{c} WIDS \\ sensors \\ \end{tabular} & Yes & Yes \\ \hline cmu zigbee [18] & Analyzing security & \begin{tabular}{c} 24 February 2020–28 \\ February 2020 (4 days) \\ \end{tabular} & \begin{tabular}{c} 10 Zigbee \\ devices \\ \end{tabular} & Yes & Yes \\ \hline ZBDS2023 [20] & IoT intrusion detection systems & \
\begin{tabular}{c} 30 June 2022–11 July 2022 \\ (10 days) \\ \end{tabular} &
\begin{tabular}{c} 10 Philips \\ Hue lights \\ \end{tabular} & No & Yes \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 1: Zigbee network traffic datasets. in line with our motivation. There are many commonly used communication protocols in smart home environments, such as Zigbee, Z-Wave, Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, and Matter. We compare Zigbee with the other four commonly used protocols for smart homes. Table 2 presents the features of the communication protocols in terms of the number of devices, range, area of use, features, security, and price. Zigbee is a wireless communication protocol based on the IEEE 802.15.4 standard and mesh networking technology. Mesh networking technology allows each device on the network to act as a router for other devices on the network. It is designed especially for smart home applications such as sensors, door locks, IoT applications, and home automation. Zigbee is a low-cost and low-data-rate protocol [21], the support range is up to 100 m, and it can support up to 65,000 devices in the same network [22]. It has a long battery life, consumes a low amount of power, and is cost-effective. Zigbee takes a short time (15 ms or less) to change the device's mode [13]. Also, Zigbee protects data using an encryption key, thus providing security. Another protocol, Z-wave, was initially developed in 2001 by the company Zensys [23]. Z-Wave is another wireless communication protocol which is generally for home automation, such as sensors and thermostats, and has around a 30 m range [24; 25]. It supports up to 232 nodes in the network [26]. It supports low power usage and long battery life. In Z-Wave technology, the security of both the network and the devices is ensured with the S2 protocol. On the other hand, Z-Wave devices have a limited number of manufacturers; however, with the licensing and certification fees, it is very costly compared to Zigbee. Wi-Fi has higher power consumption compared to other protocols because Wi-Fi has a high data rate. It has a range of up to 100 m and about 35 m indoors [25]. Wi-Fi is mostly used for home appliances such as monitoring doors, management power outlets, and alarms [24]. Wi-Fi needs to use a strong radio frequency for large data transfer (video, camera images). Battery-operated devices and sensors consume a lot of energy for the transmission. For this reason, Wi-Fi technology is not suitable for smart home devices with sensors. In addition, Wi-Fi networks use encryption protocols to secure data, but they cover a large area. Therefore, Wi-Fi is more vulnerable to attacks. Bluetooth is a protocol for IoT applications based on the IEEE 802.15.1 standard [25], which is implemented by Ericsson. It provides low latency and is enhanced for a short range of around 10 m. It is generally used in PCs, laptops, mice, keyboards, scanners,