# Status of BIPV and BAPV System for Less Energy-Hungry Building in India--A Review
## 4 Potential of BIPV/BAPV in India  
India lies between 68\({}^{\circ}\)7' to 97\({}^{\circ}\)25' east longitude and 8\({}^{\circ}\)4' to 37\({}^{\circ}\)6' north latitude, has 2.9 million Km\({}^{2}\) of landmass, and is the seventh largest country in the world. It is in the tropical region and receives maximum solar radiation in summer, and experiences about 300 sunny clear days in a year. Ambient  
Figure 5: BAPV/T system installed at Sodha BERS complex, Varanasi (25.33\({}^{\circ}\) N, 82.99\({}^{\circ}\) E) [134]. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{|p{113.8 pt}|p{113.8 pt}|p{113.8 pt}|} \hline
**Product** & **Type of Cell** & **Particular Purpose** \\ \hline BIPV window & 1 st generation & Control daylight, solar heat \\  & 2 nd generation & Aesthetic application \\  & 3 rd generation & Power generation gets \\  & & lower priority \\ \hline BIPV foil/tiles & 2 nd generation (mostly available) & Works as building shading from \\  & 3 rd generation (suitable but & the harsh external environment \\  & stability should be improved & Power generation gets \\  & & lower priority \\ \hline Spaced type concentrating BIPV & 1 st generation (experimentally validated/commercial product is available) & Improve the power generation \\  & 2 nd generation (no report) & Reduce the cost of the system \\  & 3 rd generation (experimentally explored in the lab) & Spaced type allow daylight \\ \hline BAPV/T & 1 st generation & Suitable for rooftop application \\  & 2 nd generation & \\ \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 2: Details of different BIPV and BAPV products. conditions vary from 45 \({}^{\circ}\)C in summer while 4 \({}^{\circ}\)C in winter and has a hot-dry, warm-humid, composite, temperate, and cold climatic zones [135]. India's rich solar radiation profile shows 4.5-5.0 KWh/m\({}^{2}\)/Day of annual average direct normal irradiance in most of the Indian states and around 5.0-5.5 KWh/m\({}^{2}\)/Day average global horizontal irradiance [136; 137]. This makes India one of the most potential candidates to contribute to PV power generation. Figure 6 shows the solar radiation intensity throughout India. India's projected electricity demand in 2047 is expected to be 5518 TWh. India's present energy demand is supplied by 70% of imported crude oil and coal. Indian thermal power plants, that are run by coal, are the most inefficient ones. Hence, in order to become an energy-secured country and dependent from oil-import, India should use its solar PV power potential. Although, India has a higher solar radiation, being a developing country, PV power generation faces issues, including high initial installation cost of PV power generation, the lack of suitable storage devices or unavailable during an instant power supply demand. Backup power supply from fossil fuel-generated kerosene oil lamps, diesel generators, etc. are still low cost in India [138]. However, this fossil fuel generated power emits considerable amount of green house gas ( GHG). India is committed to lowering its GHG to 30-33% by 2030, compared to 2005 level. Interestingly, energy generation from PV devices was in discussion in India since 1960. However, progress was limited until 2010 [140; 141]. The first significant move was taken in 2010 to priorities the PV power generation through the National Action Plan on Climate Change, by launching the JNSSM scheme [142]. In 2010, the total installed capacity from PV was only 39.6 MW. After Prime Minister [PERSON] came into power, India's 2022 target changed from 20 GW to 100 GW, which included grid-connected projects, off-grid projects, and solar parks. It was also fixed that out of 100 GW, rooftop PV should produce 40 GW by 2022 [143]. Under the JNSSM mission, grid-connected rooftops and small solar power plant programs have been launched to obtain the 40 GW rooftop power generation. The minimum and maximum limit of installing PV power capacity are to 1 kW, and 500 kW, respectively [139; 144].