## 1 Introduction
[12], involves the application of grid circles and square patterns on the sample surface, respectively. [PERSON] et al. [13] devised a grid of circles method, in which each test piece corresponds to a single point in the forming limit diagram (FLD). The digital image correlation (DIC) technique has also been developed, offering a comprehensive optical method for measuring displacement across the entire sample surface. Different approaches utilize DIC measurements of position [14], strain rate [15; 16; 17; 18; 19; 20; 21; 22], and strain acceleration [23] (time-dependent), employing the Hencky strain tensor to determine the limit strain and FLD. Additionally, some researchers have presented methods that analyze thickness strain [24; 25; 26] and have the capability to scrutinize multiple local necks [27; 28; 22]. There are several factors that impact the limit strain for different strain paths, including parameters like strain hardening (\(n\)) [28], plastic anisotropy (\(R\)) [29], strain rate hardening (\(m\)) [30], alterations in strain path, and the uniformity of strain across the sheet thickness [31]. Crystallographic texture stands out as a critical microstructural characteristic, significantly influencing mechanical properties such as normal and planar plastic anisotropy or yield stress anisotropy. Face-centered cubic (FCC) materials during lamination are commonly described by their ideal orientation: Copper [112]\(<\)111\(>\), Brass [110]\(<\)112\(>\), S [123]\(<\)634\(>\) and Dillamore [4 4 11]\(<\)11 18\(>\), Cube {001}\(<\)100\(>\) and Goss [110]\(<\)100\(>\) with two characteristic fibers: alpha (\(\alpha\)) and beta (\(\beta\)). Numerous studies examining the influence of texture on formability properties have explored texture evolution [32], strain paths [33], localized necking [34], the impact of friction on texture [35], texture's influence on anisotropy [36], and effects on cube texture along with various records of nonproportional loads [37]. Despite extensive research on the mechanical properties and formability of 2024-T3 aluminum alloy, there remains a gap in understanding how anisotropy specifically affects its formability under different strain paths. While previous studies have explored the effects of heat treatment and forming processes, a comprehensive analysis of anisotropy's role in the FLC behavior of this alloy is still needed. This study addresses this gap by experimentally investigating the influence of anisotropy on the formability of 2024-T3 aluminum alloy sheets using Marciniak tests and digital image correlation. The primary objective of this study is to elucidate the relationship between anisotropy and formability in 2024-T3 aluminum alloy sheets. By examining various strain paths and directions relative to the rolling direction, this research provides critical insights into how anisotropic properties affect the material's performance during forming processes. The findings are expected to contribute to the optimization of forming processes for aerospace and automotive components, ensuring better predictability and reliability in manufacturing. In this study, we experimentally investigated how anisotropy influences the formability of 2424 T3 aluminum alloy sheets. Different strain paths were examined using Marciniak tests on nine samples with varied geometries. These paths included uniaxial, plane, and balanced biaxial strain, oriented in three directions relative to the rolling direction. This study also examined the mechanical and microstructural characterizations of the alloy. The results were compared with forming limit curve (FLC) behavior to elucidate the connection between material properties, anisotropy, and formability.