# An Initial Case Study of the Computational Modeling of Cord-Rubber Segments
## 1 Introduction
A mathematical model capable of accurately describing the twisted geometry of cords following arbitrary spatial curves was developed by [PERSON] [14]. This mathematical model was then applied to the FEM analysis of the pneumatic spring. A micromechanical model to predict the stress-strain behavior of tire belts consisting of steel cord-reinforced rubber was proposed by [PERSON] [1]. He experimentally characterized the mechanical behavior of the tire belts using geometric moire and the grid method and then predicted the behavior via analytical modeling. [PERSON] [15] used the combined approach and experimentally and theoretically investigated the mechanical behavior of cord-rubber composites using a multilevel approach. She focused on the mechanical response of cord-rubber composites integral to pneumatic tire construction. [PERSON] et al. [16] studied the constitutive behavior and mechanical performance of reticulated fiber fabric-reinforced rubber composites. [PERSON] [17] investigated the mechanical properties of a complex fabric rubber composite at different temperatures using macro- and mesoscopic models. [PERSON] [18] presented a finite element model to study the stress distribution in steel cables coated with a rubber matrix, which is crucial for fatigue design. He employs a multi-scale approach, incorporating microscale interactions between the matrix and wires. [PERSON] [19] studied the micro-mechanics and macro-mechanics of cord-rubber composites compared to fiber-reinforced polymer composites, stressing the importance of material anisotropy, large deformations and nearly incompressible behavior. Computational modeling usually includes experiments to determine material parameters and component testing to validate the computational model. [PERSON] [4] tested the -order-rubber layers of the conveyor belt in tension and then part of the entire conveyor belt in tension and three-point bending. [PERSON] [20] investigated the mechanical behavior of nylon 66 cord under different loading conditions. Experiments were performed to obtain strain-stress curves. [PERSON] [21] experimentally investigated the dissipative characteristics of cord-rubber composites under cyclic loading in uniaxial tensile tests. [PERSON] [22] dealt with testing rubber-textile composites with polyamide reinforcement. A loading procedure involving internal pressure, compression and torsion was applied to the cylindrical specimens. He used 3D digital image correlation to analyze the deformation on the surface of the samples. [PERSON] [23] developed a new test to examine the adhesion between rubber and cord, which consists of injecting a liquid into a cylindrical sample composed of a cord surrounded by a rubber envelope. The computational modeling of the stress-strain states of cord-rubber composites is often used in the literature for simulations of fires, pneumatic springs, hoses and belts. Various approaches are used according to the level of the model: from the macro-level, when the rubber-cord composite is modeled in one unit using built-in finite elements or a user element is developed, to the micro-level, where all cords are modeled separately, or even as individual cord fibers. This article presents the computational model of a cord-rubber segment part of a flexible coupling used in railway vehicles. The model will enable the simulation of stress-strain behavior and will consist of different levels of complexity simulating the individual components of the cord-rubber segments. The computational model will then be validated with the means of the tension test of the cord-rubber segment.