## 3 Results
### Temporal Distribution of Natural and Man-Made (Technological) Disasters
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{l c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c} \hline \hline \multicolumn{13}{c}{**Disaster Type**} & \multicolumn{13}{c}{**Total**} & \multicolumn{13 Droughts were recorded consistently across the periods, peaking in the 2000-2004 period with 96 events, showing the impact of climate change and variability. Earthquakes were consistently recorded, with the highest number in the 2000-2004 period at 174 events, reflecting increased seismic activity or improved reporting. Epidemics saw a sharp increase in the 1990-1994 period with 103 events, peaking in the 2000-2004 period with 360 events, reflecting global health challenges.  
Industrial explosions peaked in the 2000-2004 period with 175 events, while miscellaneous explosions rose in the 2000-2004 period with 55 events. Extreme temperatures saw a significant rise in the 2000-2004 period with 109 events, highlighting the effects of climate change. Industrial fires peaked in the 1995-1999 period with 37 events, while miscellaneous fires increased consistently, peaking in the 2000-2004 period with 107 events.  
Floods experienced a dramatic increase, peaking in the 2000-2004 period with 769 events, indicating higher rainfall variability and extreme weather events. Fog, gas leaks, and oil spills were rarely recorded, with notable increases in specific periods, such as gas leaks peaking in the 1995-1999 period with 10 events. Glacial lake outburst floods were rarely recorded, with a few incidents noted in the 2020-2024 period, indicating climate change impacts.  
Infestations peaked in the 1985-1989 period with 48 events, showing occasional spikes due to ecological changes. Wet mass movements showed a steady increase, peaking in the 1995-1999 period with 93 events, reflecting increased rainfall and landslide activity. Poisonings and radiation incidents were rarely recorded, with occasional spikes such as poisoning incidents peaking in the 1990-1994 period with 22 events (Table 7 and Figure 10).  
Road disasters showed a significant rise, peaking in the 2000-2004 period with 725 events, reflecting increased vehicular traffic. Rail disasters showed a steady number with a peak in the 1990-1994 period at 93 events. Storms consistently increased, peaking in the 2000-2004 period with 540 events, reflecting more frequent and intense storm activity due to climate change. Volcanic activity had a relatively stable number of events with slight increases, peaking in the 2005-2009 period with 35 events.  
Water-related disasters saw a significant increase, peaking in the 2000-2004 period with 254 events, highlighting water-related issues such as flooding and water scarcity. Wildfires showed a gradual increase with a peak in the 2000-2004 period at 88 events, reflecting increased temperatures and dry conditions (Table 7 and Figure 10).  
Table 8 offers a detailed seasonality analysis, showcasing the number of occurrences of various disaster types by month. This analysis highlights the monthly distribution and trends of different disasters, providing insights into how these events fluctuate throughout the year (Table 8). Air disasters reach their peak in July with 744 events, suggesting increased air traffic or weather-related factors during this month. Overall, the trend is above average, with a total of 1091 events, accounting for 4.123% of all recorded disasters. Conversely, animal incidents are rarely recorded, with only one incident noted in November, resulting in a below-average trend. Chemical spills also peak in July with 86 events, possibly due to seasonal industrial activities or increased transportation, but the overall trend remains below average with 108 events, making up 0.408% of all recorded disasters. Industrial collapses peak in November with 21 events, while miscellaneous collapses hit their highest point in July with 181 events, both showing a below-average trend.  
Earthquakes peak in March with 316 events, likely due to seasonal tectonic activity, with an above-average (AA) trend totaling 1617 events, which represent 6.11% of all disasters. Droughts are most frequent in February, peaking at 326 events and reflecting seasonal climatic patterns, yet their overall trend is below average (BA) with a total of 813 events, or 3.072% of all recorded disasters. Epidemics also show a significant peak in July with 701 events, pointing to seasonal health challenges. This results in an above-average trend with 1526 events, making up 5.766% of all recorded disasters (Table 8).  
Industrial explosions are most frequent in July, peaking at 411 events, while miscellaneous explosions also see increased activity during the summer months, both maintaining a below-average trend. Extreme temperatures peak in July with 280 events, highlighting the impact of summer heatwaves. Despite this, the overall trend is below average, with 652 events, constituting 2.464% of all disasters. Fires, both industrial and miscellaneous, also peak in July, with 121 and 440 events, respectively, yet both trends are below average. Floods show a dramatic increase in July with 2072 events, coinciding with monsoon and heavy rainfall periods. This results in an above-average trend, totaling 5941 events, or 22.449% of all recorded disasters (Table 8).  
Fog, gas leaks, and oil spills are infrequent, with specific peaks in certain months but generally below-average trends. Glacial lake outburst floods are rarely recorded, with isolated incidents in January, April, and October. Infestations peak in July with 71 events, indicating seasonal ecological changes, yet the overall trend remains below average. Wet mass movements are most common in July, peaking at 427 events, which reflects seasonal rainfall and landslide activities, whereas dry mass movements are rarely recorded, showing no clear seasonal trend. Poisonings and radiation incidents are also rare, with peaks in specific months but generally below-average trends.  
Road disasters peak in July with 1326 events, reflecting increased summer travel, while rail disasters also reach their highest point in July with 453 events. The trend for road disasters is above average, whereas rail disasters trend below average.  
Storms peak in July with 2146 events, indicating seasonal storm activity, resulting in an above-average trend with a total of 4751 events, or 17.953% of all recorded disasters. Volcanic activity peaks in July with 120 events, showing a slight seasonal trend but remaining below average.  
Water-related disasters peaked in July with 718 events, highlighting issues like floods and water scarcity. This results in an above-average trend, totaling 1635 events, which represent 6.178% of all recorded disasters.  
\end{table}