## 2 Applications of ANNs to Renewable Energies
### Applications of ANNs for Solar Energy Systems
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c c c} \hline \hline  & **Authors** & **ANN Type and** & **Number** & **County/** & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**IO Setting**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Activation Function**} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{**Notes**} \\ \cline{4-9}  & **and Year** & **Structure** & & & & **Input** & **Output** & & \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{17} & \multirow{3}{*}{[10]} & M.P & \multirow{3}{*}{[10]} & M.P & \multirow{3}{*}{[10]} & M.P & \multirow{3}{*}{[10]} & M.P & \multirow{3}{*}{[10]} & M.P & \multirow{3}{*}{[10]} & M.P & \multirow{3}{*}{[10]} \\  & M.P & & & & & & & & & \\  & & M.P & & & & & & & & \\  & & & & & & & & & \\  & & & & & & & & & \\  & & & & & & & & & \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{18} & \multirow{3}{*}{[10]} & M.P & Renewable & \multirow{3}{*}{[10]} & M.P & \multirow{3}{*}{[10]} & M.P & \multirow{3}{*}{[10]} & M.P & \multirow{3}{*}{[10]} \\  & 7-9-1 & Energy & & & & & & & \\  & & & & & & & & & \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{19} & \multirow{3}{*}{[10]} & M.P & \multirow{3}{*}{[10]} & M.P & \multirow{3}{*}{[10]} & M.P & \multirow{3}{*}{[10]} & M.P & \multirow{3}{*}{[10]} \\  & 2-5-1 & Energy Policy & & & & & & & \\  & & & & & & & & \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{20} & \multirow{3}{*}{[10]} & M.P & \multirow{3}{*}{[10]} & M.P & \multirow{3}{*}{[10]} & M.P & \multirow{3}{*}{[10]} & M.P & \multirow{3}{*}{[10]} \\  & 6-15-1 & Solar Energy & Uganda & & & & & & \\  & & & & & & & & \\  & & & & & & & & \\  & & & & & & & & \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{21} & \multirow{3}{*}{[10]} & M.P & \multirow{3}{*}{[10]} & M.P & \multirow{3}{*}{[10]} & M.P & \multirow{3}{*}{[10]} \\  & 6-15-1 & Energy & & & & & & & \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{22} & \multirow{3}{*}{[10]} & M.P & \multirow{3}{*}{[10]} & M.P & \multirow{3}{*}{[10]} & M.P & \multirow{3}{*}{[10]} \\  & 6-10-1 & Energy & & & & & & \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{23} & \multirow{3}{*}{[11]} & M.P & Energy & \multirow{3}{*}{[10]} & M.P & \multirow{3}{*}{[10]} & M.P & \multirow{3}{*}{[10]} \\  & 7-4-1 & Conversion & & & & & & \\ \cline{1-1}  & Management & & & & & & & \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{24} & \multirow{3}{*}{[112]} & M.P & Renewable & \multirow{3}{*}{[10]} & M.P & \multirow{3}{*}{[10]} & M.P & \multirow{3}{*}{[10]} \\  & 6-15-1 & & & & & & & \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{25} & \multirow{3}{*}{[113]} & M.P & Renewable & \multirow{3}{*}{[10]} & M.P & \multirow{3}{*}{[10]} & M.P & \multirow{3}{*}{[10]} \\  & 3-6-1 & Energy & & & & & & \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 2: _Cont._  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c c c} \hline \hline  & **Authors** & **ANN Type and** & **Journal** & **Country/** & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**I00 Setting**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Activation Function**} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{**Notes**} \\ \cline{2-9}  & **and Year** & **Structure** & **Journal** & **Region** & **Input** & **Output** & & & & \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{26} & [114] & MLP & Energy & Reebate & M, t (day), & & & & & \begin{tabular}{c} Trained by LM BP \\ algorithm \\ \end{tabular}  \\  & 5-3-1 & Energy & Reebate & M, t (hour), T, RH & GSR &  
In contrast to the previous case, there is more literature available and the existing research from 1998 to 2012 has been collected. Most of the studies focus on countries that enjoy strong and prolonged hot climates such as the countries bordering the Mediterranean Sea as well as Saudi Arabia and China. As in the previous section and as mentioned at the beginning, the different applications are analyzed. The main characteristics of the networks studied are detailed below. * ANN type: in most of the investigations, the MLP network has been used (24 out of 29 cases) followed by the RBF. * Structure of the ANN: most studies use simple structures with a single hidden layer (96%), and the remaining with two hidden layers. The number of neurons in the hidden layer is usually in the order of 10, reaching 50 neurons in the research of [116]. In some cases, the number of neurons in the hidden layer is not specified, as in [104; 105]. * Amount of data: the percentage of research that make use of data for validation is 6.9%.