## 4 Conclusions  
The concentrations of PAHs in the air vary depending on location, season, and meteorological conditions. In urban areas, where there is intense industrial activity and high traffic volume, these values are generally higher than in rural areas. During the winter months, due to increased heating and the use of solid fuels, PAH concentrations may rise. Monitoring the concentration of PAHs in the air is an important aspect of air quality assessment due to their toxic properties, including potential carcinogenic effects. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{l l l l l l} \hline \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**PAHs**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**BaP\({}_{\text{eq}}\)**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**LADD [mg/kg/d]**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**ILCR**} & \\ \cline{3-6}  & & **Child** & **Adult** & **Child** & **Adult** \\ \hline BaA & 0.03–0.20 & 2.14\(\cdot\)10\({}^{-7}\)–13.44\(\cdot\)10\({}^{-7}\) & 7.6\(\cdot\)10\({}^{-8}\)–4.78\(\cdot\)10\({}^{-7}\) & 1.31\(\cdot\)10\({}^{-7}\)–8.2\(\cdot\)10\({}^{-7}\) & 4.6\(\cdot\)10\({}^{-8}\)–2.92\(\cdot\)10\({}^{-7}\) \\ \hline BaP & 0.04–3.66 & 1.2\(\cdot\)10\({}^{-7}\)–14.04\(\cdot\)10\({}^{-7}\) & 4.3\(\cdot\)10\({}^{-8}\)–4.99\(\cdot\)10\({}^{-7}\) & 7.34\(\cdot\)10\({}^{-7}\)–8.56\(\cdot\)10\({}^{-6}\) & 2.61\(\cdot\)10\({}^{-7}\)–3.04\(\cdot\)10\({}^{-6}\) \\ \hline BbF & 0.06–2.42 & 3.54\(\cdot\)10\({}^{-7}\)–17.70\(\cdot\)10\({}^{-7}\) & 12.6\(\cdot\)10\({}^{-8}\)–6.3\(\cdot\)10\({}^{-7}\) & 0.22\(\cdot\)10\({}^{-7}\)–1.08\(\cdot\)10\({}^{-7}\) & 0.8\(\cdot\)10\({}^{-8}\)–3.8\(\cdot\)10\({}^{-8}\) \\ \hline BjF & 0.02–1.83 & 1.59\(\cdot\)10\({}^{-7}\)–14.09\(\cdot\)10\({}^{-7}\) & 5.7\(\cdot\)10\({}^{-8}\)–5.01\(\cdot\)10\({}^{-7}\) & 0.1\(\cdot\)10\({}^{-7}\)–0.86\(\cdot\)10\({}^{-7}\) & 0.3\(\cdot\)10\({}^{-8}\)–3.01\(\cdot\)10\({}^{-8}\) \\ \hline BkF & 0.03–0.83 & 1.88\(\cdot\)10\({}^{-7}\)–8.53\(\cdot\)10\({}^{-7}\) & 6.7\(\cdot\)10\({}^{-8}\)–3.04\(\cdot\)10\({}^{-7}\) & 0.11\(\cdot\)10\({}^{-7}\)–0.52\(\cdot\)10\({}^{-7}\) & 0.4\(\cdot\)10\({}^{-8}\)–1.9\(\cdot\)10\({}^{-8}\) \\ \hline DBahA & 0.005–0.10 & 0.34\(\cdot\)10\({}^{-7}\)–12.77\(\cdot\)10\({}^{-7}\) & 1.2\(\cdot\)10\({}^{-8}\)–4.54\(\cdot\)10\({}^{-7}\) & 2.09\(\cdot\)10\({}^{-7}\)–7.79\(\cdot\)10\({}^{-6}\) & 7.4\(\cdot\)10\({}^{-8}\)–2.77\(\cdot\)10\({}^{-6}\) \\ \hline IP & 0.04–2.08 & 2.36\(\cdot\)10\({}^{-7}\)–11.77\(\cdot\)10\({}^{-7}\) & 8.4\(\cdot\)10\({}^{-8}\)–4.19\(\cdot\)10\({}^{-7}\) & 1.44\(\cdot\)10\({}^{-7}\)–7.18\(\cdot\)10\({}^{-7}\) & 5.1\(\cdot\)10\({}^{-8}\)–2.55\(\cdot\)10\({}^{-7}\) \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 1: BaP\({}_{\text{eq}}\), LADD, and ILCR of PAHs. The results of the PCA showed that the first principal component explains a significant portion of the total variance, suggesting that it may represent more universal sources of pollution, such as road traffic or diffuse combustion sources. In contrast, the second principal component may indicate more specific, local sources, such as coal burning, industrial emissions, or increased presence of dust associated with industrial activity. The correlation analysis revealed varied, site-specific relationships between PAH and PM\({}_{10}\) concentrations, indicating a diverse emission source profile across different regions. Particularly strong correlations were observed in areas with intensive industrial and traffic activities. Regarding the assessment of health risk for adults and children exposed to airborne PAHs through inhalation of PM\({}_{10}\), the results indicate that the permissible ILCR values were not exceeded for either age group. The cancer risk based on ILCR remained within acceptable limits for both children and adults, meaning that the risk thresholds defined by the U.S. EPA. However, PAH concentrations and the associated health risks remain a significant issue, particularly during the winter season and in areas with high industrial and transport activity, which requires further monitoring and actions aimed at improving air quality.