## 2 Results and Discussion
### Differences of Volatile Compounds in Coniferous Needles According to the Extraction Methods
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{l l l l l l l l} \hline \hline  & & \multicolumn{4}{c}{**Relative Peak Area (Mean \(\pm\) SD) 3\({}^{\circ}\)**} \\ \hline
**No.** & **RI\({}^{1}\)** & **Volatile Compounds \({}^{2}\)** & **Extraction Methods** & **Caltivar Species** & **ID\({}^{+}\)** \\ \hline  & & & & **CP** & **CO** & **TO** & \\ \hline  & & & & **Cloverages (C\({}_{5}\)/H\({}_{2}\)) Oxygenated Disrupes** & & & & \\ \cline{3-6} do1 & 1713 & Manoyl oxide (96-84-9) & & SPME & nd a & nd a & nd a & C \\  & & & SP & nd a & nd a & nd a & C \\  & & & SE & 2.007 \(\pm\) 0.168 b & 5.627 \(\pm\) 0.537 c & 1.755 \(\pm\) 0.328 b & \\ \hline  & & & Miscellaneous & & & \\ \hline  & & & & & Miscellaneous & & \\ \hline  & & & SPME & 0.084 \(\pm\) 0.003 b & nd a & nd a & \\ m1 & 2004 & Viehrone (4080-46-0) & & SPME & nd a & nd a & \\  & & & SP & nd a & nd a & \\  & & & SP & 0.030 \(\pm\) 0.005 b & nd a & nd a & \\ m2 & 1072 & m-Cynnec (or p-\(\alpha\)) (535-77-3) & & SPME & 0.005 \(\pm\) 0.011 b & nd a & 0.007 \(\pm\) 0.006 a & C \\  & & & SP & 0.054 \(\pm\) 0.009 c & nd a & 0.019 \(\pm\) 0.006 b & \\ \hline m3 & 1082 & _p_-Cynnec (or m-\(\alpha\)) (99-87-6) & & SPME & 0.281 \(\pm\) 0.003 b & 0.385 \(\pm\) 0.104 & 4.597 \(\pm\) 0.129 b & \\  & & & SP & 0.029 \(\pm\) 0.004 b & nd a & 0.195 \(\pm\) 0.004 c & B \\  & & & SP & 0.259 \(\pm\) 0.229 ab & nd a & 0.320 \(\pm\) 0.043 b & \\ \hline  & & & SPME & 0.037 \(\pm\) 0.007 b & nd a & 0.007 \(\pm\) 0.006 c & \\ m4 & 1775 & _Delighto_-p-Cynnec & & SP & nd a & nd a & & \\  & & & SP & 0.075 \(\pm\) 0.007 b & nd a & & nd a & \\ \hline m5 & 1781 & _c_-Cynnec (or m-\(\alpha\)) (527-84-0) & & SPME & 0.407 \(\pm\) 0.008 c & 0.002 \(\pm\) 0.024 b & 0.004 b & \\  & & & SP & 0.632 \(\pm\) 0.006 b & 0.031 \(\pm\) 0.008 a & 0.011 \(\pm\) 0.001 a & C \\  & & & SP & 0.652 \(\pm\) 0.112 b & nd a & nd a & \\ \hline m6 & 1795 & _c_-methyl-cambenbrid & & SPME & nd a & nd a & \\  & & & SP & 0.200 \(\pm\) 0.009 b & nd a & nd a & C \\ m7 & 1806 & & Satives & SP & nd a & nd a & \\  & & & SP & nd a & nd a & nd a & C \\  & & & SP & nd a & nd a & & \\ m8 & 1809 & a-Albeitarine & & SD & 0.276 \(\pm\) 0.027 b & 3.986 \(\pm\) 0.752 b & 0.825 \(\pm\) 0.468 a & \\  & & & SP & 0.652 \(\pm\) 0.112 b & nd a & & nd a & \\ \hline m6 & 1795 & _c_-methyl-cambenbrid & & SPME & nd a & nd a & \\  & & & SP & 0.077 \(\pm\) 0.007 b & nd a & & nd a & \\ m7 & 1806 & & Satives & SD & nd a & nd a & nd a & C \\  & & & SP & nd a & nd a & \\ m8 & 1809 & a-Albeitarine & & SD & 0.276 \(\pm\) 0.027 b & 3.986 \(\pm\) 0.752 b & 0.825 \(\pm\) 0.468 a & \\  & & & SP & 0.267 \(\pm\) 0.03 & & nd a & \\  & & & SP & 0.267 \(\pm\) 0.027 b & 3.986 \(\pm\) 0.752 b & 0.825 \(\pm\) 0.468 a & \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular} \({}^{1}\) Retention indices (RI) were determined using _n_-partiaries C\({}_{-}\)C\({}_{2}\) as external standards on Cyclode-8 column; \({}^{2}\) All volatile compounds, positively identified by matching mass spectrum and retention index with those of an authentic standard, are listed by the order of their RI in a chemical Labs; \({}^{3}\) Volatile compounds were calculated with the relative peak ratio of their peak areas to that of internal standard (_n_ = 3) \(\pm\) standard deviation; \({}^{4}\) Identification of volatiles was performed requiring the following criteria. A mass spectrum and retention index were consistent with those of alternatives [6,20,25]; C mass spectrum was consistent with that of Wiley \({}^{2}\) spectral database (Agilent Technologies) or by manual interpretation (entrative identification; \({}^{5}\) Difference leaves mean significant differences (_p_ = 0.05) between three different needle samples according to three different cultivar species or extraction methods by [PERSON]’s multiple range test; \({}^{6}\) And \({}^{7}\) CAS Registry number.  
\end{table} 
Table 3: _Cont._A total of 64, 60, and 68 volatile compounds were identified from CP, CO, and TO using SPME, respectively. Among the terpen, monoterpenes were the most abundant volatile compound.