# A Novel Method for Technology Roadmapping: Nanorobots
## 2 Materials and Methods  
### Literature Review  
#### 2.1.1 Significance of Nanorobots  
The concept of nanorobots is traceable to [PERSON]'s groundbreaking 1959 lecture \"There's Plenty of Room at the Bottom\", in which he envisioned the possibility of manipulating matter at the molecular or atomic scale [17]. This pioneering concept not only laid the foundation for nanotechnology, but also heralded the emergence of nanorobots. [PERSON]'s vision extended beyond mere miniaturization; it encapsulated the precise manipulation of matter at its most fundamental level, foreseeing a future where both manufacturing and medical interventions could be conducted on atomic or molecular scales [17].  
The significance of nanorobots has evolved substantially from [PERSON]'s initial vision, growing into a multidisciplinary field that encompasses physics, chemistry, biology, and engineering. This interdisciplinary expansion is evidenced by the work of [PERSON] and [PERSON] [18], who have explored the biomedical applications of magnetic helical micro-/nanorobots, highlighting their potential for minimally invasive surgery and targeted therapy. Nanorobots enable direct observation [19; 20; 21], functional assessments [22; 23; 24], and manipulation [25; 26; 27] on the atomic, molecular, and nanoscale levels, greatly enhancing our understanding of nanoscale science. Recent advancements in nanorobotics have demonstrated potential applications in targeted drug delivery, precision surgery, and environmental remediation. For instance, nanorobots could be designed to navigate through bodily fluids to deliver drugs with a high precision, minimizing the side effects and improving the therapeutic efficacy [2]. [PERSON] et al. [28] contributed to this field by exploring the rational design of microalgae-based biohybrid materials, which integrate the photosynthetic capabilities of microalgae with biocompatible materials for diverse biomedical applications.  
The architecture of nanorobots encompasses an array of components, including very-large-scale integration (VLSI) and nanoelectronic circuits, chemical and temperature sensors, actuators, power supplies, and data transmission devices. For instance, [PERSON] et al. [29] took inspiration from the flagellar/ciliary intrinsic driven mechanism to develop an all-in-one tubular robotic actuator, showcasing the potential for the use of a biomimetic design in microrobotic systems. [PERSON] et al. conducted a moderated mediating examination of intermediaries' effects on corporate innovation, which could be relevant for understanding the complex architecture of nanorobots and its impact on technological innovation [30]. The advent of emerging technologies in artificial intelligence, electronic information, and advanced materials has propelled nanorobotics forward, yielding significant research breakthroughs in biomedical applications, defense, environmental conservation, and industrial manufacturing. Despite these advancements, the practical deployment of nanorobots faces myriad challenges [31; 32; 33; 34; 35; 36; 37; 38; 39] due to their nanoscale dimensions, which complicates the integration of multiple functionalities into a single unit. In biomimetic nanorobotics, preserving the biological activity while ensuring sensing accuracy remains difficult. Additionally, a single nanorobot can typically perform only one task, making the synchronization and coordination of multiple nanorobots for various tasks a theme worthy of exploration. Therefore, understanding the development trajectory and future trends of nanorob technology requires thorough analysis and careful study.