## Potential Health Benefits of Fruits and Vegetables II
Chlorogenic acid was the prominent phenolic acid in both cultivars. The extracts showed no significant activity against _Mycobacterium smegmatis_. The antiproliferative activity against HepG2 liver cells varied, and the study provides valuable information for future oncology and nutritional research to enhance the health benefits of these cultivars [6]. Also, fruits of the _Bromelia_ genus have compounds with health benefits and biotechnological applications. _Bromelia karatas_ fruits, for example, contain antioxidants and proteins with bactericidal activity. However, further studies are needed to explore the activity and potential benefits of these metabolites. In this study, the bactericidal activity of the methanolic extract and its fractions from ripe _B. karatas_ fruit was evaluated against several bacterial strains. The methanolic extract showed minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) values against the tested bacteria. Gas chromatography mass spectrometry identified 131 compounds in the extract, some of which have known biological activities such as bactericidal, fungicide, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, enzyme inhibiting, and anti-allergic properties. The most abundant compounds in the extract were maleic anhydride, 5-hydroxymethylfurfural, and itaconic anhydride. This study highlights the potential health benefits of the metabolites found in _B. karatas_ fruits [7]. Then, [PERSON] et al. (2022) isolated eight known secondary metabolites, including two iso-cumarins and six coumarins, from the stems and branches of _Accr mono_ Maxim. Their structures were confirmed using nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and comparing the results to published reports. For the first time, the inhibitory effects of these compounds on _Escherichia coli_\(\beta\)-glucuronidase were evaluated using in vitro assays. Compound 1 (3-(3,4-dihydroxyoxyphenyl)-8-hydroxyisocoumarin) displayed significant inhibitory effects against \(\beta\)-glucuronidase (IC50 = 58.83 \(\pm\) 1.36 \(\upmu\)M). Kinetic studies indicated that compound 1 acts as a non-competitive inhibitor. Molecular docking studies revealed that compound 1 binds to the allosteric binding site of \(\beta\)-glucuronidase, which was consistent with the results of kinetic studies. Additionally, molecular dynamics simulations provided insights into the dynamic properties of the protein-ligand complex formed by compound 1. These findings suggest that compound 1 could serve as a lead metabolite for developing new \(\beta\)-glucuronidase inhibitors [8]. The last step in the evaluation of the potential health benefits of fruit and vegetables is to test them with in vivo models, which can comprise animal trials and human trials. In this collection, we published two RAs with in vivo studies in mice, and one RA conducted in vivo in humans. The study by [PERSON] et al. (2022) aimed to explore the effects of an elderberry extract (EE) on mice over a period of 29 days and evaluate its safety as a natural colorant. Twenty-four female mice were divided into four groups: control, EE12 (12 mg/mL EE), EE24 (24 mg/mL EE), and EE48 (48 mg/mL EE). The main anthocyanins detected in the extract were cyanidin-3-O-sandubioside and cyanidin-3-O-glucoside. Food and drink intake was similar among the groups, except for EE48, which consumed significantly less. Histological analysis of the liver indicated no pathological significance. The EE, particularly at doses of 24 and 48 mg/mL, significantly reduced oxidative DNA damage compared to the non-supplemented group. The elderberry extract exhibited a favorable toxicological profile, suggesting its potential use in the food industry [9]. [PERSON] et al. (2022) concentrate their research on MDD, a prevalent and serious health condition that remains a global challenge, despite numerous studies and available antidepressants. _Carthamus titorious_ (safflower) is traditionally used in food and medicine.