## 3 The Production of a Noise Study for the Evaluation of Construction Site Noise
### A Case Study--Assessment of Noise from the Construction of an Office Building
#### 3.2.5 Noise Calculations
Figure 6: Acoustically significant elements of the investigated area, with the positions of construction machines as sources of noise, with simultaneous deployment and a table with values. However, at measured point 5, the noise value is still above limit. Measures: The fulfilment of the hygiene limits for all measurement points can only be ensured by shortening the duration of demolition activities to 1 h = 60 min/day, or to 7 h = 420 min/day if solid fencing is used as an acoustic barrier. Calculation 2: Earthworks for Utility Networks, Machine: 10, 3, 1  
For the noise sources listed in Table 7 the modeling of the acoustic situation in Figure 8 follows, the calculation is shown in Table 8.  
The separation of the excavation process from material removal does not reduce the values at the calculation points sufficiently and the limit values are exceeded at four calculation points (2, 4, 5, 6). Measures: The hygiene limit can only be fulfilled by shortening the period of excavation activities to 3 h = 180 min/day. Fencing of the construction site during the construction of connections is not expected. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c} \hline
**No.** & **Height** & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Coordinates**} & **LAeq (dB)** \\ \hline
1 & 1.5 & 203.3 & 132.8 & 40.4 \\
2 & 1.5 & 173.7 & 139.2 & **68.5** \\
3 & 1.5 & 148.9 & 146.5 & 61.8 \\
4 & 1.5 & 184.4 & 105.0 & **69.5** \\
5 & 1.5 & 143.1 & 113.3 & **69.6** \\
6 & 1.5 & 150.2 & 119.9 & **72.2** \\
7 & 1.5 & 185.0 & 117.3 & 46.5 \\
8 & 1.5 & 207.9 & 111.4 & 49.6 \\ \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 8: Table of calculated values of measured points for earthworks during the execution of connections in the investigated area, with the simultaneous deployment of machines. Figure 9: Acoustically significant elements (without construction site fencing or a solid gate) for earthworks during the execution of connections in the investigated area, with a table of values. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c} \hline \hline  & **Sources of Noise** & **Sound Power Level (dB)** \\ \hline
1. & Trucks & 90 \\
2. & Crawler excavators 12–40 tons & 103 \\
3. & Skid-steer loaders & 101 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 10: Expected sources of construction noise. Figure 10: Colour map of isophone bands after the consideration of acoustically significant elements (without construction site fencing or a solid gate) for earthworks in the investigated area. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c} \hline \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**No.**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**Height**} & \multicolumn{3}{c}{**Coordinates**} & \multicolumn{3}{c}{**LA\({}_{\textbf{eq}}\) (dB)**} \\ \cline{2-7}  & & & **Industry** & **Total** & **Previous** \\ \hline
1 & 1.5 & 203.3 & 132.8 & 38.6 & 38.6 & 40.4 \\
2 & 1.5 & 173.7 & 139.2 & 67.0 & **67.0** & 68.5 \\
3 & 1.5 & 148.9 & 146.5 & 61.0 & 61.0 & 61.8 \\
4 & 1.5 & 184.4 & 105.0 & 68.1 & **68.1** & 69.5 \\
5 & 1.5 & 143.1 & 113.3 & 67.1 & **67.1** & 69.6 \\
6 & 1.5 & 150.2 & 119.9 & 70.1 & **70.1** & 72.2 \\
7 & 1.5 & 185.0 & 117.3 & 44.9 & 44.9 & 46.5 \\
8 & 1.5 & 207.9 & 111.4 & 48.1 & 48.1 & 49.6 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 9: Table of calculated values of measured points with the simultaneous deployment of machines shown as previous values; after the separation of excavation work from material removal, the values shown are only for excavations with an excavator. The hygiene limit is exceeded at measured points 4,5,6,7. Measures: Propose solid fencing for the construction site. The limit can be met using the solid fencing previously installed for the excavation phase. Figure 11 shows a color map of isophone bands after considering acoustically significant elements with site fencing and a fixed gate for earthworks in the study area, where we see in Table 12 that the values do not exceed the limit.