## 2 Literature Review
### Advanced Structural Analysis  
Strand7, a finite element analysis (FEA) software, was used in this project. Its applications on structural analysis have been verified through various studies. [PERSON] et al. [70] employed Strand7 to analyse and validate the reinforcement of key leg elements of an ageing transmission tower. The bolted connections used to reinforce the leg members were simulated using spring elements, while the tower members were modelled using truss-beam elements. [PERSON] et al. [71] analysed the structural behaviour of the Golden Gate Bridge under various load combinations of permanent, imposed, wind, and seismic actions based on Australia standards and verified the numerical analysis results with simplified hand calculations. [PERSON] et al. [72] simulated the Eiffel Tower and examined its structural performance under the impact of vibration and damage caused by explosion. [PERSON] et al. [73] investigated the impact of structural deflection and buckling on the Bao'An Stadium and redesigned its original structure with double curvature to properly analyse its performance under earthquake loads. [PERSON] et al. [74] concentrated on the research of composite trusses with bolt connections. [PERSON] et al. [75] assessed the safety and stability of a long-span CFST arch bridge's main truss arch during concrete pouring through a real-world example. [PERSON] et al. [76] suggested more detailed design guidelines and theories on controlling seismic effects, which can be taken advantage of in Strand7 numerical analysis. Moreover, through the assistance of the software, robust and comprehensive design guidelines can be proposed to cover the gaps between the engineering practice and buildings codes. [PERSON] et al. [77] suggested design recommendations for composite steel-concrete floor systems by analysing the structural capacities under vibrations. Then, a new design procedure for a lightweight stadium roof structural system with a large span was proposed through the linear and nonlinear analysis of the global deformation and local buckling effects [78]. The application of Strand7 can be extended to simulate 3D printed structures and to evaluate the effect of dynamic loads and temperature on the structural system [79; 80]. With the advancements in the construction techniques, lightweight structures, such as steel-glass structures with irregular shapes, are requiring comprehensive analysis of the structural systems. Strand7 can satisfy the requirements by interacting with other modelling software such as AutoCAD and Rhino 3D [81; 82]. For construction materials other than concrete and steel, the use of bamboo in the roof structural system has also been validated [83]. Additionally, for general applications, the FEA technique is combined with laboratory experiments. [PERSON] et al. [84] conducted a hybrid experimental and numerical investigation into FRCM-strengthened RC columns under seismic loading, demonstrating the validity of FEM simulations against laboratory test data. Recent innovations in AI technology offer an alternative to traditional numerical methods in structural analysis, with research classified into static, dynamic, and composite types based on input prompts, though these techniques were not applied in this project [85]. [PERSON] et al. [86] confirmed the efficiency of physics-informed machine learning (PIML) on monitoring the structural integrity. The application of machine learning to the mechanical design associated with the building structures is also remarkable, enhancing the productivity of designing the trajectory mechanics [87]. Based on the previous studies on FEA, the structural analysis component of the BCE design could have various critical considerations. The influence line problem caused by pouring concrete at different stages and under various construction methods needs to be investigated. Permanent, imposed, and wind loads need to be evaluated statically, along with the dynamic effects of earthquakes. It is also crucial to assess robustness under static conditions.