## 4 Discussion  
In the current study, we synthesized SN-SV by reducing Ag\({}^{+}\) to Ag\({}^{0}\). The silver ions Ag\({}^{+}\) are reduced by SV through the loss of an electron, causing the nucleation of neutral silver atoms according to the following redox equation:  
\[\text{Ag}^{+}+\text{e}^{-}\rightarrow\text{Ag}^{0}\]  
The SV is an appropriate and beneficial coating material for the adequate preparation of the SN-SV. The prepared SN-SV demonstrated better antioxidant activity and physical stability [35]. The particle size is appropriate for dermal penetration, which agrees with a study reporting that sizes under 100 nm are appropriate for deep skin penetration [36]. Furthermore, [PERSON] et al. reported that particle sizes below 122 nm can penetrate significantly deeper into the skin [37]. The \(\zeta\)-potentials of the prepared SN-SV have a highly negative charge of \(-15.4\)\(\pm\) 0.72 mV, confirming the solution's stability. In this regard, it has been reported that higher \(\zeta\)-potentials also make the particles highly stable. This result agreed with [PERSON] et al., who reported that the particle charges play significant roles in the surface stabilization of the SN-SV [38]. Our results also agree with the study of [PERSON] et al., which showed that NP stability could be expected at \(\zeta\)-potential values of approximately +10 to \(-\)10 mV [39]. In contrast, the particles in our study have a charge of \(-15.4\)\(\pm\) 0.72 mV. The obtained PDI indicated the SN-SV distribution in the solution. It was reported that PDIs lower than 0.2 are ideal because they reveal a particle size distribution within a narrow range of sizes [40]. Herein, the SEM investigations verified the homogeneity of the SN-SV particles, which showed the nature and shape of the non-aggregated SN-SV nanoparticles; furthermore, the SN-SV showed most sizes around 60-200 nm with some nanoparticles around 1 \(\upmu\)m. At the same time, the DLS estimates the average size to be 37.32 \(\pm\) 1.686 nm. DLS resulting values of the SN-SV sizes differ significantly from the SEM sizes, which are smaller than  
Figure 5: Shows the skin wounds’ epidermal re-epithelialization (positive PCNA cells) on day 15. The histogram (H) presents the mean \(\pm\) SD of the positive PCNA cells number/five HPF (high power field) in all subgroups. GB2 and GB3 vs. GC2 and GC3 reveal a significant difference (\(\lx@math@degree\)\(p\)\(\leq\) 0.05). their sizes by the SEM. These results could be explained by the collapse of the hydrated layer of some particles of the SN-SV during their dryness in the high-vacuum chamber of the SEM. Additionally, our results are consistent with the SEM study of [PERSON] et al. [41], who reported that the DLS size is smaller than the sizes of the SEM because the SV coating affects the density of the overall nanoparticles on the SN. Furthermore, our findings agree with the recent study of [PERSON] et al. [7], which reported that the SN might be aggregated or displayed as an NP surrounded and coated by the SV. In contrast, the coated layer of SV has a larger size of SN-SV. The obtained SN-SV formed an irregular shape, making the particle larger than the rounded one. It was reported that the crystal shape of NPs depends on the distance from the thermodynamic equilibrium. In this regard, the polyhedral shape of SN-SV, such as octahedrons, cubes, and pyramids, has been demonstrated to develop a large size when the driving force for crystallization has increased [24]. SN-SV nanoparticles have scavenging activities and can reduce the free radicals at concentrations ranging from 0.3 to 10 mg/mL. Compared to SV extract as a control sample, all concentrations of SN-SV from 0.3 to 10 mg/mL exhibited powerful antioxidant activities. For concentrations of 10, 5, and 0.3125 mg/mL, the scavenging activities of SN-SV were significant (** \(p\leq\) 0.01) compared to the aqueous extract. Moreover, the scavenging activities of SN-SV were significant (* \(p\leq\) 0.5) compared to the aqueous extract.