# Does Organic Farming Increase Raspberry Quality, Aroma and Beneficial Bacterial Biodiversity?
## 3 Results
### Characterization of the Volatilome of Organic and Integrated Pest Management (IPM) Raspberry Fruits
Hexanal, 5-methylfurfurfural, nonanol, pentan-2-one, 2\(\beta\)-pinene, \(\alpha\)-terpinene, \(\beta\)-myrcene, \(\beta\)-phellandrene, \(\gamma\)-terpinene, \(o\)-cymene, Z-3-heptene and E-3-heptene were not detected in organic fruits, whereas nonanal, 1-pentanol, acetoin, isoamyl acetate, \(\beta\)-caryophyllene, \(\alpha\)-humulene and octanoic  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c} \hline \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**Class**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**Compound**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**RetentionTime**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**Linear Retention**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**Mean of Volatile Compounds**} \\  & & **(min)** & & & **Index** \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{Aldehydes} & \multirow{4}{*}{(E)-2-Hexenal} & \multirow{4}{*}{11.89} & \multirow{4}{*}{1192} & \multirow{4}{*}{0.25 \(\pm\) 0.25 a  } & \multirow{4}{*}{6.82 \(\pm\) 2.35 a  } \\  & Hexanal & 5.34 & 1067 & nd & 5.65 \(\pm\) 0.75  \\  & Octanal & 15.95 & 1274 & 0.47 \(\pm\) 0.07 b  & 0.76 \(\pm\) 0.11 a  \\  & Tetradecanal & 37.71 & 1942 & 0.63 \(\pm\) 0.14 a  & 0.44 \(\pm\) 0.22 a  \\  & 5-Methylfurfural & 27.51 & 1578 & nd & 0.81 \(\pm\) 0.03 \\  & Nonanal & 20.46 & 1376 & 0.45 \(\pm\) 0.03 & nd \\ Alchools & 6-Methyl-1-heptanol & 18.11 & 1319 & 0.06 \(\pm\) 0.03 a  & 0.03 \(\pm\) 0.03 a  \\  & 1-Pentanol & 14.27 & 1241 & 0.14 \(\pm\) 0.07 & nd \\  & 2-Nonanol & 29.29 & 1508 & 0.10 \(\pm\) 0.01 a  & 0.05 \(\pm\) 0.05 a  \\  & 2-Heptanol & 17.82 & 1312 & 0.84 \(\pm\) 0.14 a  & 0.43 \(\pm\) 0.08 b  \\  & \(\beta\) -Linaloal & 26.13 & 1535 & 0.55 \(\pm\) 0.14 a  & 0.05 \(\pm\) 0.05 a  \\  & Isogeraniol & 40.33 & 2039 & 0.21 \(\pm\) 0.11 a  & 0.33 \(\pm\) 0.24 a  \\  & Nonanol & 29.56 & 1645 & nd & 0.18 \(\pm\) 0.09  \\  & Trans-geraniol & 34.71 & 1827 & 0.99 \(\pm\) 0.08 a  & 0.67 \(\pm\) 0.09 b  \\ Ketones & Acetoin & 15.23 & 1259 & 0.31 \(\pm\) 0.11 & nd \\  & 2-Heptanone & 9.99 & 1136 & 0.60 \(\pm\) 0.20 a  & 0.45 \(\pm\) 0.16 a  \\  & 2-Nonanone & 20.27 & 1372 & 0.38 \(\pm\) 0.10 b  & 1.08 \(\pm\) 0.27 a  \\  & 2-Undecanone & 27.58 & 1581 & 0.18 \(\pm\) 0.04 b  & 1.15 \(\pm\) 0.24 a  \\  & Pentan-2-one & 3.91 & 1012 & nd & 7.35 \(\pm\) 2.35  \\ Esters & 1-Octyl acetate & 23.71 & 1463 & 3.05 \(\pm\) 0.19 a  & 0.75 \(\pm\) 0.15 b  \\  & Ethyl hexanoate & 13.47 & 1225 & 0.71 \(\pm\) 0.08 a  & 2.26 \(\pm\) 1.13 a  \\  & Isoamyl Acetate & 6.97 & 1130 & 0.84 \(\pm\) 0.24 & nd \\  & Methyl Salicylate & 32.75 & 1756 & 0.66 \(\pm\) 0.33 a  & 1.02 \(\pm\) 0.31 a  \\ Sesquiterpenenes & \(\beta\)-Caryophyllene & 27.21 & 1569 & 5.48 \(\pm\) 1.38 & nd \\  & \(\alpha\)-Humulene & 29.39 & 1640 & 1.34 \(\pm\) 0.43 & nd \\  & \(\alpha\)-Ionone & 34.5 & 1819 & 13.99 \(\pm\) 1.16 a  & 13.35 \(\pm\) 0.80 a  \\  & \(\beta\)-Ionone & 36.79 & 1906 & 19.86 \(\pm\) 1.97 b  & 35.00 \(\pm\) 2.49 a  \\  & Dihydro \(\alpha\)-ionone & 33.59 & 1786 & 1.57 \(\pm\) 0.09 a  & 0.96 \(\pm\) 0.24 b  \\  & Dihydro \(\beta\)-ionone & 34.05 & 1802 & 5.63 \(\pm\) 0.86 a  & 6.53 \(\pm\) 1.33 a  \\ Monoterpenes & 2-Carene & 15.47 & 1264 & 0.07 \(\pm\) 0.03 a  & 0.38 \(\pm\) 0.24 a  \\  & 2-\(\beta\)-Pinene & 6.19 & 1092 & nd & 0.54 \(\pm\) 0.16  \\  & \(\alpha\)-Phellandrene & 8.79 & 1124 & 0.01 \(\pm\) 0.01 a  & 15.33 \(\pm\) 4.72 a  \\  & \(\alpha\)-Terpinene & 9.65 & 1133 & nd & 0.86 \(\pm\) 0.43  \\  & \(\beta\)-Myrcene & 9.18 & 1128 & nd & 4.91 \(\pm\) 1.90 acid were missing in IPM grown berries. Although present in both treatments, limonene, \(\beta\)-ionone, 2-nonanone and octanal were more intensely emitted in IPM samples, whereas the emission of 1-octyl acetate, 2-heptanol and _trans_-geraniol was higher in organic fruits. PCA performed on the relative emission of single VOCs showed a clear separation of organic and IPM fruit volatilomes along components 1 and 2, explaining 85% and 9% of the total variance, respectively (Figure 6a). The four most important VOCs responsible for data clustering were \(\alpha\)- and \(\beta\)-phellandrene, pentan-2-one and \(\beta\)-caryophyllene (Figure 6b).