## 3 Results
### Barriers to Adopt New Strategies  
Figure 4 presents the factors hindering the small-holder farmers from adopting better drought strategies. A lack of financial resources was reported by 40 farmers, accounting for 30% of the respondents. It suggests that a significant portion of farmers face challenges in  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Drought Mitigation Strategies** & **Observed Frequency** & **Expected Frequency** & **Residual** & **Chi-Square Value** & \(p\)**-Value** \\ \hline Conservation agriculture & 38 & 44.5 & \(-\)6.5 & 2.77 & 0.096 \\ Water harvesting & 28 & 31.5 & \(-\)3.5 & 0.89 & 0.345 \\ Drought-tolerant crops & 55 & 47.5 & 7.5 & 3.75 & 0.053 \\ Feed supplementation & 49 & 52.5 & \(-\)3.5 & 0.89 & 0.345 \\ Financial planning and risk management & 25 & 29.5 & \(-\)4.5 & 0.97 & 0.382 \\ Collaboration and information sharing & 55 & 44 & \(-\)9.5 & 2.82 & 0.081 \\ Total & 250 & 249.5 & \(-\)1 & 8.30 & 0.040 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular} Note: A \(p\)-value of less than 0.05 suggests a significant difference, while a \(p\)-value of greater than 0.05 suggests no significant difference.  
\end{table}
Table 3: Chi-square test results for farmers’ willingness to adopt drought mitigation strategies.  
adopting new strategies due to limited financial resources. The lack of funds may restrict their ability to invest in the necessary infrastructure, technology, or inputs required for effective drought mitigation. Approximately 28 farmers, constituting 21% of the respondents, identified limited access to information as a barrier. This suggests that farmers may not have adequate knowledge about available drought mitigation strategies or may face challenges in accessing relevant information and resources. Improving information dissemination and providing extension services can help overcome this barrier. The lack of technical knowledge was reported by 35 farmers, accounting for 26% of the respondents. This barrier indicates that farmers may lack the necessary skills and expertise to implement drought mitigation strategies effectively. Enhancing technical training, providing workshops or demonstrations, and promoting knowledge-sharing platforms can help address this barrier. Approximately 18 farmers, representing 13% of the respondents, reported limited availability of resources as a barrier. This suggests that farmers may face challenges accessing the required resources, such as water, feed, or infrastructure, to effectively implement drought mitigation strategies. Improving resource availability and ensuring equitable access can help overcome this barrier. The barrier of resistance to change was identified by 14 farmers, accounting for 10% of the respondents. This indicates that some farmers may resist adopting new strategies due to traditional practices, cultural norms, or a reluctance to deviate from established routines. Overcoming this barrier may require targeted awareness campaigns, community engagement, and showcasing the benefits of adopting new approaches. Overall, the barriers identified in this study highlight the challenges small-holder cattle farmers face in adopting new drought mitigation strategies. The findings emphasize the need for targeted interventions and support mechanisms to address these barriers and promote the adoption of effective drought mitigation practices. Strategies such as improving access to financial resources, providing relevant information and technical training, ensuring resource availability, and addressing resistance to change can enhance drought resilience in small-holder cattle production systems.