# Outside Dynamic Evacuation Routes to Escape a Wildfire: A Prototype App for Forest Firefighters
## 3 Materials and Methods
### Evacuation Routes Algorithm
In addition, due to the change of direction that occurs, the algorithm assigns another endpoint on the evacuation route (the one closest to the route change). The evacuation route calculation time is approximately 117.85 s with a fire spread time of 59 s.

### Advanced Scenario: Elevations and Firewalls

Firewalls are areas in a forest where there is no fuel, preventing a forest fire from spreading. The algorithm can identify these areas or paths to obtain safer routes. In this scenario, we seek to observe the algorithm's response to various firewalls and increase the distance compared to the previous scenarios. The characteristics of the stage are:

* There is a higher density of vegetation on this road. * The road has elevations greater than 70 m.
* It has three firewalls in its path. * There is a distance of 1175 m between the starting point and endpoint. Table 4 shows the initial configuration of the algorithm for this scenario. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c} \hline \hline
**Metrics** & **Latitude** & **Longitude** \\ \hline Init point of the route & \(-\)2.1578971103896354 & \(-\)79.9654483795166 \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{Final points} & \(-\)2.1460285167612292 & \(-\)79.96705470764162 \\  & \(-\)2.148375167612292 & \(-\)79.96722470764162 \\  & \(-\)2.1476485167612292 & \(-\)79.96541470764162 \\ \hline Init point of fire & \(-\)2.1528350408009653 & \(-\)79.96671438217163 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 3: Values configured in the middle scenario. Figure 6: Creation of dynamic evacuation routes when there is wildfires. Figure 7: Creation of dynamic evacuation routes when there is wildfires. Figure 8a shows the longest route in the simulation with the most extended route creation times. There is no fire incidence, and the time to find the shortest route is 163.30 ms. Figure 8b shows how the route abruptly changes direction to avoid the fire and stay safe from danger. Furthermore, due to the terrain's geographical formation, more variations are generated until reaching a safe point. The evacuation route calculation time is approximately 163.53 s with a fire spread time of 118 s.

### VSN Monitoring

The visualization and monitoring of meteorological data from the sensor network use the open source software Grafana. This platform allows creating dashboards and multiple charts from different sources of information, in this case, a MySQL database. In the graphical interface design, a table shows the temperature values in Celsius, wind speed in m/s, and wind direction in sexagesimal degrees of the 60 sensor nodes that make up the VSN, while historical graphs observe changes in these parameters over time. Figure 9 shows the final interface for VSN monitoring

The temperature was selected as the analysis parameter in the early warning configuration. The normal range for a dry forest is between 20.2 and 26.7 \({}^{\circ}\)C ([[https://bioweb.bio/faunaweb/amphibiaweb/RegionesNaturales](https://bioweb.bio/faunaweb/amphibiaweb/RegionesNaturales)]([https://bioweb.bio/faunaweb/amphibiaweb/RegionesNaturales](https://bioweb.bio/faunaweb/amphibiaweb/RegionesNaturales)), accessed on 25 January 2021). The value of 35 \({}^{\circ}\)C is chosen as the maximum threshold. The system automatically searches for the VSN \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{l c c} \hline \hline
**Metrics** & **Latitude** & **Longitude** \\ \hline Init point of the route & \(-2.1578971103896354\) & \(-79.97643470764162\) \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{Final points} & \(-2.1460285167612292\) & \(-79.96705470764162\) \\  & \(-2.148375167612292\) & \(-79.96722470764162\) \\ \cline{1-1}  & \(-2.1476485167612292\) & \(-79.96541470764162\) \\ \hline Init point of fire & \(-2.15007966022712\) & \(-79.97224509716033\) \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 4: Values configured in the advanced scenario. Figure 8: Diagram of dynamical evacuation routes with elevation parameters and firewall. Figure 9: VSN monitoring graphical interface.