## 8 Conclusions  
To support the continuing economic growth in the study area, considerations of disaster management are necessary. In this research, the aim was to create a seismic microzoning map in the study area by using the existing methodologies in base map classifications and V\({}_{\text{S30}}\) observations. The study area comprised Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai, and Lumphun (some parts), which are provinces in northern Thailand where seismic activity is relatively higher than in other areas of the country.  
In this research, the methodology from a past study was applied to create a geomorphological map with different factors. This map was later assigned V\({}_{\text{S30}}\) values from fieldwork observations and data gathered from previous studies. Since there are no ground-truth data available in the study area, this methodology can be used to obtain data within both time and resource constraints. The approach in  
Figure 11: Zoomed-in hazard microzoning map with damage locations in 2014.  
this study can be divided into two main parts, i.e., microtremor measurements and geomorphological classification. The seismic microzoning in this research refers to subsoil characterization according to NEHRP standards. V\({}_{\text{S30}}\) values were obtained from 73 stations using microtremor array measurements and the SPAC method. For post-processing, the phase velocity methodology of the Rayleigh wave corresponding to a 40-m wavelength by [PERSON] et al. (2000) [PERSON] et al. (2000) was applied without PS logging, which was not available in the study area. Then, the V\({}_{\text{S30}}\) values were transformed from point features into area maps using geomorphological units. The geomorphological map used in this study was interpreted using a DEM with the methodology from [PERSON] and [PERSON] (2007) [PERSON] and [PERSON] (2007), which is the automated PBC from geo-signatures, including slope, convexity, and texture. The factors that affect the classification results in PBC were explored. Hence, the representative abilities of the PBC and OBC geomorphological maps and geology maps were also compared.  
The results of this study suggest that the PBC method is a suitable classification method for landcover classifications on a provincial scale. The range of V\({}_{\text{S30}}\) values compared to the PBC geomorphology unit can represent the unit with better precision than OBC. The V\({}_{\text{S30}}\) values were paired with the geomorphological units for the statistical correlation check. From 16 classes of PBC geomorphological units, the results were re-classified into two NEHRP classes. Only NEHRP class C and D existed in the study area. The output of this study can be used as a reference for future urban development in the study area. For example, it provides information to understand soil conditions for the appropriate construction codes, and to prepare for seismic disaster management. The geomorphological classifications can be used as a guideline for classification in nearby areas to serve other uses.  
[PERSON] advised the project, the main conceptual ideas, and proof outline. [PERSON] worked out the technical details and wrote the manuscript with support from [PERSON] and [PERSON]. [PERSON] and [PERSON] performed the microtremor measurement of the 2016 dataset. [PERSON] provided the 2014 and 2015 datasets for the analysis. [PERSON] analyzed all the datasets under the suggestions from [PERSON] and [PERSON]. [PERSON] also provided the object-based geomorphological map for comparison.  
This research was supported in a part by the grant-in-aid for scientific research (KAKENHI No.15H05134). This research has no conflict of interest.