###### Abstract
It accounts for five reaction-pathway interconnected modules (briefly mentioned in Section 3.1, and in the caption of Figure 2), which are as follows: (i) the phosphotransferase system (PTS, in a 'wild' strain; that is, the consecutive reactions from GLC(external) to F6P); (ii) glycolysis [54] (the consecutive reactions from GLC(external) to PYR); (iii) the TRP synthesis (the gray area) [44]; (iv) the synthesis of adenosin co-metabolites ATP, ADP, and AMP, as part of the ATP recovery system (the pink rectangle); and (v) the lumped form of the TCA cycle. The connection of the TRP synthesis to glycolysis is realized through the PEP glycolytic node [11; 44; 45]. Figure 2: Simplified structured reaction pathway in _E. coli_ used by [PERSON] [11] to derive the TRP-synthesis modular kinetic model used in this paper. The following modules are included: (i) the phosphotransferase system (PTS, in a ‘wild’ strain; that is, the consecutive reactions from GLC(external) to F6P); (ii) glycolysis [54], (the consecutive reactions from GLC(external) to PYR); that is, the CCM model module [a]; (iii) the TRP synthesis (the grey area) [44]; that is, the CCM model module [c]; (iv) The synthesis of adenosin co-metabolites ATP, ADP, and AMP, as part of the ATP recovery system  
(the pink rectangle); that is, the CCM model module [b]; and (v) the lumped form of the TCA cycle. The connection of the TRP synthesis to glycolysis is realized through the PEP glycolytic node [11; 44; 45]. Notations: GLC(ex) = glucose in the cell environment. Species abbreviations are given in the abbreviations list. Species in parenthesis are not explicitly included in the glycolysis model. Italic letters denote the enzymes. Squares include the notations of enzymatic reactions V1-V6 included in the glycolysis model (Tables 2 and 3). Adapted from [PERSON] [32; 43], with the courtesy of CABEQ Jl, and completed according to the [PERSON] [11] kinetic model. Examples include a large number of simple/extended models [11; 44; 52; 54; 55; 56; 57; 58; 59; 60; 61; 62; 63; 64], and complex simulation platforms, such as the JWS platform of [PERSON] and [PERSON] [65]; the MPS platform of [PERSON] and [PERSON] [66]. The E-cell [67; 68], or the V-cell [69] complex models, accounting for thousands of species and reactions, display extended capabilities to predict the dynamics of the cell metabolism under various conditions, based on EcoCyc, KEGG, Prodoric, Brenda and other bio-omics databanks (from a review by [PERSON] [35]). A special focus was given to the accurate modelling of the glycolysis dynamics and its self-regulation [43; 45; 54], because most of the glycolysis intermediates are starting nodes (precursors) for the internal production of most of the cell metabolites (e.g., amino-acids, nucleotides, etc.) [35]. Even if such extended structured models are currently used only for research purposes, as they are difficult to identify, it is a question of time until they will be adapted for industrial/engineering purposes in the form of reduced structured hybrid models. The case study presented and discussed here proves this trend. At this point, we must underline that the cell metabolism is highly sophisticated, involving O(\(10^{3-4}\)) components, O(\(10^{3-4}\)) transcription factors (TF-s), activators, inhibitors, and at least one order of magnitude higher number of (bio)chemical reactions, all ensuring the fast adaptation of the cell to the changing environment through complex genetic regulatory circuits (GRC-s) [35]. The cell is highly responsive to the environmental stimuli and highly evolvable, carried out by self-changing its genome/proteome and metabolism, which are the stoichiometry and the reaction rates (fluxes) of the enzymatic reactions, to achieve an optimized and balanced growth using minimum resources (nutrients/substrates).