## 4 Discussion
### Activities
#### 4.1.1 Antihypertensive, Lower Elevated Blood Pressure
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{l l l l l} \hline \hline
**Plant Species** & **County** & **Vernacular/Local Name** & **Application** & **References** \\ \hline _Census vulgaris_ & Marocco (north-central region) & Sferpel & diabetes & [149] \\ \hline _Cntagues orientalis_ & Turkey & Alc, Krumzi Alc, Koyun & cardiac diseases, vasorelxant, cardiotonic & [166] \\ \hline _Cntagues lareigata_ & England & not given & use leaves, flowers and berries in combination with prescribed medications) & [95] \\ \hline _Cntagues lareigata_ & sub-Saharan Africa & Aubepine & hypotensive, hypolipidemic & \\  & & & (cholesterol-lowering properties)—infusions & [148] \\ \hline _Cntagues mexicana_ & Mexico & Tejocote & cardiotonic & [158] \\ \hline _Cntagues monozygous_ & Serbia & not given & hypotensive and cardiac sedative (tea); regulation of heartbeat (intentre from crashed fruits—20 mg of fruits in 100 mg of alcohol) & [167] \\ \hline _Cntagues monozygous_ & Spain & not given & hypotensive, cardiac diseases & [168] \\ \hline _Cntagues oxycantatha_ & European and Chinese medicine & not given & cardiotonic, hypotensive, antiarrhythmic, & [169] \\ \hline _Cntagues pimatifida_ & China & not given & cardioprotective (reducing the risk of CVD), hypolipidemic (anti-atherosclerosis) & [15] \\ \hline _Cntagues pimatifida_ & China & not given & xardiotonic, enhance blood circulation & [111] \\  & & & (consumed raw or cooked) & [111] \\ \hline _Eribottya japonica_ & sub-Saharan Africa & not given & hypotensive (infusion of leaves) & [148] \\ \hline _Filippella ulunaria_ & not given & not given & diuretic, hypolipidemic (anti-atherosclerosis), anti-thrombotic (prevent blood coagulation) & [170] \\ \hline _Fragaria rusca_ & Marocco (north-central region) & Fraiz beri & renal diseases, diabetes & [149] \\ \hline _Hautborn (Cntagus spp.)_ & Germany & not given & cardiac diseases (hydroalcoholic extracts, leaves with flowers) & [130] \\ \hline _Lucosida serica_ & South Africa & Umushitshi & hypotensive & [148] \\ \hline _Lucosida serica_ & Lesotho & Cheche & hypotensive & [171] \\ \hline _Malis domestica_ & Indian traditional medicine & not given & hypotensive, cardiac diseases & [154] \\ \hline _Malis domestica_ & sub-Saharan Africa & Pomme & hypolipidemic (cholesterol-lowering properties of fruits and juice) & [148] \\ \hline _Malis syfiscrits_ & Spain & not given & cardiac diseases, strengthen blood vessels & [172] \\ \hline _Prunus ginseng_ & Central and Eastern Europe & not given & diuretic, hypolipidemic (anti-atherosclerosis) & [173] \\ \hline _Rosa damscema_ & Bangladesh (Barendra and Shamatat region) & Golap & cardiac diseases (leaves and fruits) & [174] \\ \hline _Rubus idaeus_ & China (Anjiang region, the Tanshan and the Altai Mountains) & not given & hypotensive (local Mongolian herdsmen use roots for elevated blood pressure reduction) & [147] \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 4: Traditional applications of plant species from Rosaceae family in cardiovascular diseases. Moreover, studies investigating the antihypertensive effect of crude _C. sativum_ extract in anesthetized rats have shown it induces relaxation of arterial contractions, thereby reducing blood pressure [55]. This effect is attributed to the combined cholinergic and calcium channel-blocking effects of coriander's bioactive compounds [165]. According to data collected from the scientific literature, the following plants from the Apiaceae family have shown hypotensive effect: _Alepidae anatymbica_, _Anmni visnaga_, _Anmmodaucus leucotrichus_, _Anethuman gravelens_, _Angelica keiskei_, _Apium gravelens_, _Carum copticum_, _Coriatum sativum_, _Daucus carota_, _Ligusticum wallichii_, and _Petroselinum crispum_[24,25,33,39,46,58,60,63,68,70,71,76,77,78].