## 1 Introduction
### Review Approach and Methodology, Original Contribution, and Paper Structure  
Bearing in mind these aspects, in this paper the authors provide an overview of BIM and DT methods with the most commonly used tools in the building industry. Areas of application, the main features that allow them to simplify and increase the accuracy and efficiency of the design, modeling and parametric analysis processes of various systems, installations, and complex building structures are analyzed. The selection of these issues was based on a preliminary review of publication topics and citation indicators of papers devoted to BIM and DT in the Web of Science and Scopus databases, as well as additional Google Scholar platform and patent databases (Google Patents, Espacenet, and Uspto search engines). In particular, the authors verified the number and type of publications in two of the most important databases of scientific and technical publications, which provide preliminary sorting of bibliographic data. The results are presented in Table 1.  
Furthermore, the number of publications over the years was verified in both databases. The results demonstrated that in the Web of Science database, publications with BIM topics have exceeded 1000 items per year since 2000 and those with DT topics since 2020, and the number of publications addressing both areas simultaneously has exceeded 100 per year since 2021. Similarly, for the Scopus database, publications with BIM topics have exceeded 1000 items per year since 2001 and with DT topics since 2019. And the number of publications addressing both areas simultaneously has exceeded 100 per year since 2017. In light of the aforementioned data, the authors decided to limit the years of analysis to those between 2010 and 2023, with a focus on journal and conference articles as well as reviews published during this period. The results of the preliminary review were then subjected to a comprehensive review of the scientific and conference papers. It included publications from several bibliographic databases recognized in specific construction, electrical engineering, automation, and ICT industries. Consequently, the publication analysis for the purposes of this study was based on the databases of publishers whose publications were most frequently identified in the preliminary review, which were recognized in the technical sciences environment. These included Springer, ScienceDirect, MDPI, IEEE Xplore (journals and conferences), and additionally Taylor and Francis, the ACM Digital Library, and the Wiley Online Library. The findings of the review of these publication databases, with a focus on the period between 2010 and 2023 and engineering disciplines, are presented in Table 2.  
Consequently, the final selection of publications were based on keywords related to the area of BIM and DT applications in building design, organization of control systems, and energy-efficiency improvement. Keywords were the most crucial element in the categorization of papers and publications, which were divided into several major thematic groups:  
* BIM and DT (e.g., building information modeling, digital twin, BIM ontology, parallel system, deep reinforcement learning, machine learning, energy modeling, predictive maintenance, model-based system engineering, reinforcement learning, mathematical modeling, high level modeling, Industry Foundation Classes);
* Building automation (e.g., smart building, intelligent building, building automation, smart home, cyber-physical systems, resource management, facility management, Smart Readiness Indicator, building management);