## 2 Results and Discussion
### Effect of PAW Treatment on the Main VOCs in Rocket Leaves
#### 2.1.1 Glucosinolate Hydrolysis Products (GHPs)
Moreover, a significant decrease in the major VOC erucin nitrile was also observed in both PAW-5 and PAW-20 samples, which was accompanied by a significant increase in the relative percentage of erucin when compared to the control, as shown in Figure 3. Interestingly, it can be concluded that the  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{l l c c c c c} \hline \hline \multicolumn{1}{c}{**Compounds**} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{**Control**} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{**PAW-2**} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{**PAW-5**} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{**P-10**} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{**P-20**} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{**RI**} \\ \hline \multicolumn{1}{c}{**Aldehydes**} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{**6.48 \(\pm\) 0.13 b**} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{**6.84 \(\pm\) 0.30 b**} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{**12.71 \(\pm\) 0.07 a**} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{**7.75 \(\pm\) 0.96 b**} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{**8.00 \(\pm\) 0.88 b**} & \\ \hline
**31** & Hexanal & 0.15 \(\pm\) 0.04 b & 0.19 \(\pm\) 0.01 b & 0.33 \(\pm\) 0.05 a & 0.18 \(\pm\) 0.04 b & 0.10 \(\pm\) 0.00 b & 1088 \\
**32** & 2-hexanal (\(E\)) & 0.41 \(\pm\) 0.02 a & 0.44 \(\pm\) 0.06 a & 0.78 \(\pm\) 0.32 a & 0.65 \(\pm\) 0.21 a & 0.32 \(\pm\) 0.13 a & 1236 \\
**33** & Octanal & 0.11 \(\pm\) 0.01 bc & 0.15 \(\pm\) 0.01 bc & 0.29 \(\pm\) 0.02 a & 0.23 \(\pm\) 0.05 ab & 0.23 \(\pm\) 0.01 ab & 1299 \\
**34** & Nonanal & 0.83 \(\pm\) 0.10 bc & 0.62 \(\pm\) 0.03 c & 0.92 \(\pm\) 0.02 a & 0.61 \(\pm\) 0.02 c & 1.12 \(\pm\) 0.10 a & 1395 \\
**35** & 3-Furfural & 0.17 \(\pm\) 0.04 c & 0.18 \(\pm\) 0.03 c & 0.85 \(\pm\) 0.05 a & 0.16 \(\pm\) 0.10 c & 0.55 \(\pm\) 0.08 b & 1459 \\
**36** & Benzaldehyde & 1.15 \(\pm\) 0.05 c & 1.62 \(\pm\) 0.01 bc & 2.33 \(\pm\) 0.01 a & 1.79 \(\pm\) 0.05 ab & 1.28 \(\pm\) 0.33 bc & 1518 \\
**37** & 5-cycloticular & 0.59 \(\pm\) 0.01 b & 0.81 \(\pm\) 0.05 ab & 1.00 \(\pm\) 0.07 a & 0.74 \(\pm\) 0.17 ab & 0.73 \(\pm\) 0.01 ab & 1619 \\
**38** & Benzene acetatedehyde & 0.39 \(\pm\) 0.02 a & 0.49 \(\pm\) 0.19 a & 0.66 \(\pm\) 2.16 a & 0.42 \(\pm\) 0.11 a & 0.58 \(\pm\) 0.06 a & 1635 \\
**39** & 2-Methyl benzaldehyde & 0.20 \(\pm\) 0.04 a & 0.22 \(\pm\) 0.09 a & 0.83 \(\pm\) 0.32 a & 0.55 \(\pm\) 0.13 a & 0.63 \(\pm\) 0.06 a & 1643 \\ \hline \multicolumn{1}{c}{**Fatty acids and esters**} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{**2.16 \(\pm\) 0.07 b**} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{**1.66 \(\pm\) 0.13 b**} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{**3.99 \(\pm\) 0.34 a**} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{**1.96 \(\pm\) 0.30 b**} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{**2.52 \(\pm\) 0.11 b**} & \\ \hline
**40** & Acetic acid & 1.23 \(\pm\) 0.31 b & 1.09 \(\pm\) 0.04 b & 2.37 \(\pm\) 0.25 a & 1.23 \(\pm\) 0.23 b & 1.71 \(\pm\) 0.07 ab & 1447 \\
**41** & Propanoic acid & 0.05 \(\pm\) 0.01 b & 0.06 \(\pm\) 0.00 ab & 0.11 \(\pm\) 0.02 a & 0.08 \(\pm\) 0.02 ab & 0.08 \(\pm\) 0.01 ab & 1530 \\
**42** & Hexanoic acid & 0.24 \(\pm\) 0.04 b & 0.33 \(\pm\) 0.04 ab & 0.54 \(\pm\) 0.11 a & 0.23 \(\pm\) 0.04 b & 0.44 \(\pm\) 0.05 ab & 1840 \\
**43** & Methyl palmitate & 0.65 \(\pm\) 0.21 ab & 0.19 \(\pm\) 0.05 c & 0.99 \(\pm\) 0.04 a & 0.43 \(\pm\) 0.01 bc & 0.30 \(\pm\) 0.01 bc & 2221 \\ \hline \multicolumn{1}{c}{**Alcohols**} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{**1.14 \(\pm\) 0.10 b**} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{**1.61 \(\pm\) 0.08 a**} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{**1.23 \(\pm\) 0.08 ab**} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{**1.57 \(\pm\) 0.13 a**} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{**1.39 \(\pm\) 0.11 ab**} & \\ \hline
**44** & Pent-1-en-3-ol & 0.12 \(\pm\) 0.01 b & 0.31 \(\pm\) 0.02 a & 0.14 \(\pm\) 0.01 b & 0.25 \(\pm\) 0.07 ab & 0.17 \(\pm\) 0.01 b & 1180 \\
**45** & pentan-1-ol & 0.06 \(\pm\) 0.01 b & 0.10 \(\pm\) 0.01 a & 0.08 \(\pm\) 0.01 ab & 0.06 \(\pm\) 0.01 b & 0.07 \(\pm\) 0.01 ab & 1267 \\
**46** & (Z)-2-penten-1-ol & 0.04 \(\pm\) 0.01 c & 0.10 \(\pm\) 0.01 b & 0.07 \(\pm\) 0.01 bc & 0.16 \(\pm\) 0.03 a & 0.06 \(\pm\) 0.01 b & 1329 \\
**47** & Hexan-1-ol & 0.05 \(\pm\) 0.01 b & 0.09 \(\pm\) 0.00 ab & 0.11 \(\pm\) 0.01 a & 0.08 \(\pm\) 0.01 ab & 0.10 \(\pm\) 0.01 a & 1360 \\
**48** & Hex-3-ene-1-ol & 0.27 \(\pm\) 0.10 b & 0.38 \(\pm\) 0.01 ab & 0.26 \(\pm\) 0.02 b & 0.51 \(\pm\) 0.01 a & 0.20 \(\pm\) 0.04 b & 1388 \\
**49** & Octan-1-ol & 0.40 \(\pm\) 0.04 b & 0.34 \(\pm\) 0.  
abandonment of nitrile production in favor of ITCs occurred in these two samples.