## 4 Discussion
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{l c c c c c c} \hline \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**Types of Microorganisms**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**Clinical Material**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**Resistance**} & \multicolumn{3}{c}{**Diameters of Growth Inhibition Zones, mm**} \\  & & & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Reference Extractant**} & \\  & & & **Ethanol 40\%** & **Ethanol 70\%** & **MN40** & **MN70** \\ \hline \multicolumn{6}{c}{Fungi} \\ \hline _Candida albicans_ & Oral cavity & FCZ-R & Growth & 16.35 \(\pm\) 1.3 & Growth & 22.22 \(\pm\) 1.25 \({}^{*}\) \\ \hline _Candida albicans_ & Sputum & FCZ-R & Growth & 21.86 \(\pm\) 1.22 & Growth & 31.64 \(\pm\) 2.24 \({}^{*}\) \\ \hline _Candida albicans_ & Urine sample & FCZ-R & Growth & 10.82 \(\pm\) 0.34 & Growth & 15.53 \(\pm\) 0.64 \({}^{*}\) \\ \hline _Candida albicans_ & Oral cavity & FCZ-S & Growth & 11.15 \(\pm\) 0.58 & Growth & 15.24 \(\pm\) 0.29 \({}^{*}\) \\ \hline _Candida tropicalis_ & Sputum & FCZ-R & Growth & 10.02 \(\pm\) 0.44 & Growth & 16.34 \(\pm\) 0.80 \({}^{*}\) \\ \hline _Candida glabrata_ & FRS 585 & FCZ-S & Growth & 19.59 \(\pm\) 1.89 & Growth & 21.29 \(\pm\) 1.20 \\ \hline _Candida bistanariae_ & Oral cavity & FCZ-R & Growth & 10.13 \(\pm\) 1.47 & Growth & 19.95 \(\pm\) 0.97 \({}^{*}\) \\ \hline _Candida bistanariae_ & Oral cavity & FCZ-S & Growth & 20.96 \(\pm\) 1.22 & Growth & 26.88 \(\pm\) 0.55 \({}^{*}\) \\ \hline _Candida lipolytica_ & Oral cavity & FCZ-R & Growth & 10.29 \(\pm\) 0.81 & Growth & 15.16 \(\pm\) 0.60 \({}^{*}\) \\ \hline _Candida keyr_ & Oral cavity & FCZ-S & 10.59 \(\pm\) 0.99 & 15.60 \(\pm\) 0.43 & Growth & 26.55 \(\pm\) 2.30 \({}^{*}\) \\ \hline _Aspergillus fumigatus_ & Sputum & FCZ-R & Growth & Growth & Growth & 17.04 \(\pm\) 3.20 \({}^{*}\) \\ \hline _Rhodtorula muceliaginous_ & Pus from the wound & FCZ-S & Growth & 25.68 \(\pm\) 0.99 & Growth & 32.32 \(\pm\) 1.25 \({}^{*}\) \\ \hline _Gotrichum candidatum_ & Faeel sample & FCZ-S & Growth & 10.73 \(\pm\) 0.59 & Growth & 20.22 \(\pm\) 0.87 \({}^{*}\) \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}  
* Notes: 1. MRSA, methicillin-resistant _S. aureus_; BSA, borderline methicillin-resistant _S. aureus_ (\(\beta\)-lactamase hyperproduction); Es\(\beta\)I, extended-spectrum \(\beta\)-lactamases; MLS resistance, resistance to macrolides and liposomes; Tet, tetracycline; PGin, fluoroquinolones; S, antibiotic-sensitive strains; FCZ-R,uconazole-resistant; FCZ-S, fluuconazole-sensitive. 2. \(p<\) 0.05 compared to the control (solvent). Asterisks (\({}^{*}\)) indicate statistically significant difference vs. control group (\(p\leq\) 0.05).  
\end{table} 
Table 6: _Cont._diators and oxidative stress by activating Nrf2 and inhibiting NF-kB, making it a promising candidate for managing chronic inflammation [49; 50]. Lastly, apigenin has been reported to inhibit IL-1\(\beta\), IL-6, TNF-\(\alpha\), and COX-2, while modulating NF-kB, MAPK, and Nrf2 pathways, thereby exhibiting both anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective properties [51; 52]. Many of the identified phenolic acids and flavonoids also exhibit significant wound-healing and haemostatic activities. Chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, \(p\)-coumaric acid, and _trans_-ferulic acid are known for their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, which are critical in promoting tissue repair and reducing inflammation during wound healing [53; 54; 55]. Flavonoids such as quercetin, rutin, and kaempferrol have demonstrated accelerative effects on wound closure, primarily through modulation of oxidative stress and enhancement of collagen synthesis [56; 57; 58]. Quercetin and its derivatives, including quercetin-3-O-glucose and rhamnetin, also exhibit haemostatic effects by promoting platelet aggregation and vasoconstriction [59; 60]. Additionally, catechins and epicatechin have been reported to improve wound healing by enhancing angiogenesis and modulating inflammatory responses [61; 62; 63]. Overall, these compounds contribute to wound repair via antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and haemostatic mechanisms, supporting their potential therapeutic use in wound management.