## 6 Conclusions  
There has been a marked increase in the popularity of EVs, driven by growing environmental concerns and market demand. However, electrochemical energy storage systems are not yet competitive with fuel-based vehicles. One of the main reasons is the limited lifetime of battery systems, which necessitates a redesign of the energy storage systems. In this context, SCs in the HESS offer a solution for batteries that are weak. However, the installation of battery/SC systems is more complex than the integration of two different electrochemical power sources. The timing of the charging or discharging of each electrochemical cell is an important factor that needs to be carefully managed. This requires a complex handling procedure, which is different from the regular testing of electrochemical cells. This study aims to attract the interest of various researchers and focus on the design of local battery/SC systems, especially for EVs. In this direction, an energy storage system is designed by evaluating the performance of the battery at different temperatures, SoCs, and currents using a fuzzy logic controller. This study highlights the potential of the HESS to enhance the battery performance in EVs. The research results underscore the remarkable effectiveness of the HESS in bolstering EV performance, concurrently ensuring battery longevity and optimizing energy usage. In simulated NEDC driving cycles using both the ADVISOR and Siemens Simcenter Flomaster programs, the HESS showcased significant reductions in battery capacity loss. Specifically, the HESS demonstrated a remarkable 7.28% reduction in loss compared to the battery storage system's 15.64% in the ADVISOR program and a notable 4.15% loss compared to the system's 5.02% in the Siemens Simcenter Flomaster program. Furthermore, the HESS contributed substantially to reducing on-battery currents by 29.1% in the ADVISOR program and 28.7% in the Siemens Simcenter Flomaster program. These reductions effectively alleviate high current stresses on the battery. Temperature variations also played a crucial role, with tests conducted in the Siemens Simcenter Flomaster program revealing a significant 21.3% reduction in the average battery utilization rate. Moreover, during the NEDC drive cycle, the HESS demonstrated a noteworthy 46.84% reduction in heat generation within the battery. The HESS played an instrumental protective role by preventing temperature rises and mitigating the increase in internal resistance, thereby positively contributing to the battery's life and health. Additionally, tests conducted at various SoC values revealed an average energy consumption reduction of 20.43% with the implementation of the HESS. Remarkably, during the NEDC driving cycle, the integration of the HESS led to a notable 3.4% increase in driving range compared to traditional battery storage systems. This underscores the significant potential of the HESS in extending EVs operational distances, offering tangible benefits to users while enhancing an overall efficiency and sustainability in transportation. In summary, these findings affirm that the HESS significantly enhances the EV's performance while preserving its battery life and optimizing energy consumption. The widespread adoption of the HESS is poised to drive down energy consumption in EVs, accelerating countries' efforts to achieve their carbon emission reduction targets effectively and expeditiously. Conceptualization, M.S. and M.O. ; Methodology, M.S. and Y.R.E. ; Investigation, M.S. ; Resources, M.O. and Y.R.E. ; Data curation, M.S. ; Writing--original draft, M.S. and Y.R.E. ; Writing--review and editing, M.O. and Y.R.E. ; Visualization, M.S. ; Supervision, M.O. and Y.R.E. ; Project administration, M.O. and Y.R.E. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript. This research received no external funding. Not applicable. The data used to support the findings of this study are included within the article.