# A Novel Dynamic Approach for Risk Analysis and Simulation Using Multi-Agents Model
## 8 Simulation Testbed
### Simulation Results  
The simulation results of the proposed model, when tested on the chemical reactor/operator case study discussed in Section 6 are presented in this section. Those results include a representation of the dynamic behavior of each agent in the studied system in addition to the resulting risk level. Two agents were defined in the above case study: operator and reactor, with their full characteristics including (attributes, failure, and behavioral modes). A simulation of the \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Parameter** & **Swarm** & **Repast** & **Mason** & **GDABM** \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{License} & General Public & \multirow{2}{*}{GPL} & \multirow{2}{*}{GPL} & \multirow{2}{*}{GPL} \\  & Licence (GPL) & & & \\ \hline User Base & Diminishing & Large & Increasing & Large \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{\begin{tabular}{c} Execution’ \\ Speed \\ \end{tabular} } & \multirow{2}{*}{Fast} & Moderate & Fastest & Moderate \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{\begin{tabular}{c} Graphical user \\ interface (GUI) \\ \end{tabular} } & \multirow{2}{*}{Limited} & \multirow{2}{*}{Good} & \multirow{2}{*}{Good} & \multirow{2}{*}{Good} \\  & & & & \\ \hline Built-in ability to & \multirow{2}{*}{No} & \multirow{2}{*}{Yes} & \multirow{2}{*}{Yes} & \multirow{2}{*}{Yes} \\  & create movies & & & \\ and animations & & & & \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{\begin{tabular}{c} Easy of learning, \\ programming \\ \end{tabular} } & \multirow{2}{*}{Poor} & Moderate & Moderate & Moderate \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{\begin{tabular}{c} Geographical \\ information \\ system (GIS) \\ \end{tabular} } & \multirow{2}{*}{Yes} & \multirow{2}{*}{Yes} & \multirow{2}{*}{Yes} & \multirow{2}{*}{Yes} \\  & & & & \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{\begin{tabular}{c} Full detailed \\ Risk analysis \\ \end{tabular} } & \multirow{2}{*}{No} & \multirow{2}{*}{No} & \multirow{2}{*}{No} & \multirow{2}{*}{Yes} \\  & & & & \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{\
\begin{tabular}{c} Failure analysis \\ \end{tabular} } & \multirow{2}{*}{No} & \multirow{2}{*}{No} & \multirow{2}{*}{No} & \multirow{2}{*}{Yes} \\  & & & & \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{
\begin{tabular}{c} Behavioral \\ modes \\ Identification \\ \end{tabular} } & \multirow{2}{*}{Yes} & \multirow{2}{*}{Yes} & \multirow{2}{*}{Yes} & \multirow{2}{*}{Yes} \\  & & & & \\ \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 6: Comparison between GDABM and reference simulators. Figure 14: Behavioral modes of the Agent Operator. chemical reactor/operator system was carried out for a duration of 45 simulation steps to show the dynamic behavior of the various agents in the system. To test the functionality of the GDABM, experiments were conducted using four different values of the set (\(V_{max}\), \(RR\)) as follows: configuration 1 (30, 10,000), configuration 2 (30, 15,000), configuration 3 (20, 10,000), and configuration 4 (20, 15,000), and considering the following assumptions:  
1. when a gas leakage occurs, the \(volume\) is to decrease by 2 L and the gas concentration \(GC\) is to increase by 10,000 part per million (ppm) at each step of the simulation. 2. the initial values of the variables are as follow: \(Volume\) = 10, \(GC\) = 0, \(\tau\) = 2, \(P_{1}\) = 7 L, \(P_{2}\) = 5 L and \(P_{3}\) = 4 L.
3. once the leakage is repaired, the gas concentration is to decrease by 5000 ppm at each step of the simulation. The ranking scale of the severity of harm \(\eta\) is represented in Table 7.  
As the likelihood of the Gas Leakage failure \(\psi\) is 0.02 (using failure data cited in Table 4), which is between \(10^{-3}\leq P<10^{-1}\), it is considered as likely and the Risk level is evaluated in a dynamic way using the likelihood and the severity values as mentioned in Table 1.  
Agent's behavioral modes with the related risk level are represented graphically in Figures 15-18 for the configuration C1, C2, C3, and C4, respectively. Tables A1 and A2 in Appendix A show agents' behavioral modes and the risk level values during the simulation of C1/C2 and C3/C4, respectively.