# Parametric and Statistical Study of the Wing Geometry of 75 Species of Odonata
## 2 Materials and Methods  
For this study, 75 wing geometries of various Odonata were captured from the collection of the South Australia Museum. Figure 2 shows the number of species of each family of Odonata species in the dataset. As shown in Figure 2, 50% are from the _Libellulidae_ and _Aeslmidae_ families that contain a large number of species with a wide range of sizes [24; 25]. The 75 Odonata families and species are included from the _Libellulidae_ family (_Libellula Pulchella, Libellula Murica Drury_,  
Figure 1: Dragonfly wing geometry definition: geometrical parameters (**a**) and dragonfly wing geometry definitions nodus and pterostigma (**b**). Libellula Indica, Libellula Saturata, Lyriothemis Meyeri, Nesoxenia Mysis, Neurothemis [PERSON], Neurothemis Oligoneura, Orthetrum Caledonicum, Orthetrum Galucum, Orthetrum Villosovittatum, Pantala Flave Scens, Lathecista Asiatica, Protorthenis Coronata, Plathemis Lydia, Rhodothernis, Phyothenis Graphipters, Phyothenis Phyllis, Phyothenis Princeps, Tholymis Tillarga, Tarmae Loewii, Zyzomuna Sp, Huonia Thalassophila, Crocothemis Nigrifrons, Diplacina Phoebe, Camacinia Othello, Agrionopters Longitudinalis, Agrionoptera Insignis, Celtihemis Eponina), Aeshmidae family (Adversaechna, Anax Guttatus, Anax Junius, Austroaesclma Multipunctata, Austroaesclma Parvistigma, Gynacantha Kirbyi, Gynacantha Mocasaryi, Dendroaesclma Conspersa, Hemianax, Notaoesclma Sagittata, Telephlebia Godeffroyi, Accessions), Corduliidae family (Epicordulia Princeps, Hemicordulia Australia, Hemicordulia, Procordulia, Procordulia Jacksoniensis, Procordulia), Gomphidae family (Gomplus Crassus, Accessions, Dromogombus Spoliatus, Hemigomplus Gouddii, Austrogomplus Prasinus, Ichiogomphus Australis), Calopterygidae family (Neurobasis Australis, Hetaterina Americana, Calopteryx Maculata, Playcypha, Papuagrion Occipitale), Macromiidae family (Macromia Tillyardi, Macromia Illinoiensis, Macromia Taenidata), Petaluridae family (Petalura Ingentissima, Petalura Gigantea, Lropetala Carovei), and Synthemistidae family (Eusythemis Brevistyla, Choristhemis Flavorterminate, Archaeosynthemis Orientalis). The dataset, including complete three-dimensional models, are available in the Dryad repository [26], with the original photographs from which the models were constructed. 3 DF Zephyr Pro for photogrammetry and SolidWorks software for conversion of the point cloud to a solid model were used to reconstruct the wings [26; 27]. Figure 3 shows the 3D reconstructed hindwing of a _Petalura Ingentissima_ from the dataset. The dimensions of the wing and geometrical parameters were measured for both FW and HW from the projected files. All specimens were from a publicly available Odonata collection in the South Australian Museum. Unfortunately, the entire collection has been classified by species, but has not been classified by sex. Furthermore, the collection specimens could not be accessed ventrally to establish their sex. The labeling of typical specimens is shown in the Appendix A. This is unquestionably a significant problem for some possible uses of this dataset, given the important role that sex might play in behavior, and thus functional demands on the flight apparatus. Considering further the implications of this limitation, we have studied many species with few individuals per species. We have considered wing shape,  
Figure 2: Number of each genus of Odonata, according to their species. not the remainder of the anatomy. There are known sex-specific features in Odonata [28], albeit more subtle than in some species, such as butterflies [29; 30]. Sex in dragonflies is established from ventral thoracic structures [31] rather than wing features. However, examining the spread of the data, there are no superficial indications of a bimodal distribution. This could only be expected if male and female Odonata had systematic differences that were large compared to variations between species.