esa-sceva/satcom-chunk-collection huggingface dataset:
## 6 Limitations and Future Research  
Our findings suggest the need to refine existing theoretical models on post-crisis reputational management to incorporate the specific dynamics of cyberattacks. Unlike other organisational crises, data breaches simultaneously position employees as potential victims (due to the exposure of their personal data) and as organisational representatives, creating a unique tension in their reputational response. This duality is not adequately captured in traditional crisis management frameworks such as [PERSON] situational crisis communication theory (SCCT) [42].  
Additionally, the results indicate that the reputational impact of cyberattacks evolves through distinct temporal phases, with different mediating factors predominating in each phase. This contrasts with more static models of reputational damage and suggests the need for a more dynamic approach that recognises the evolving nature of employee perceptions following data breaches. Despite our efforts to assess the authenticity of responses, we recognise this remains a challenge in sensitive cybersecurity contexts. Future research could explore this aspect further through complementary data sources and adopting longitudinal research designs.  
The present study is based on data from Colombian organisations, where legal frameworks and cultural contexts differ from those in Europe or North America (e.g., GDPR regulations). As such, the applicability of these findings to other geographies should be approached with caution. However, the Colombian context, characterised by lower regulatory development and legal gaps regarding data breach management, may also illuminate dynamics present in other emerging markets with similar institutional conditions. Future research could explore how local regulatory environments shape employee-driven information governance.  
This study did not aim to systematically assess formal compliance with cybersecurity standards such as ISO 27001, which may influence organisational responses to breaches. Future research could further explore how such frameworks shape employee perceptions and knowledge sovereignty dynamics. Future research should explore organisational identification, perception of authenticity in corporate response, and assessments of procedural justice in diverse organisational contexts, examining factors such as organisational culture, as the prior history of cyber incidents and internal power structures influence employees' willingness and ability to participate effectively in restoring corporate image after data breaches.  
Subsequent research could benefit from a more detailed analysis of threats to internal and external validity, including a systematic assessment of potential biases and inherent limitations of the qualitative methods employed in the study of information governance post-data breach.
## 5 Effect of RAS on Performance Properties of Asphalt Binders and Mixtures
### High-Temperature Performance of RAS-Modified Asphalt Binders and Mixtures  
Several researchers have found that RAS-modified asphalt mixtures have relatively higher stiffness, Marshall stability, and high-temperature performance, mainly due to the stiff aged bitumen coming from RAS [24]. Moreover, they require smaller quantities of virgin asphalt binders than conventional asphalt mixtures, making them eco-friendlier and relatively more economical [50].  
In asphalt binders, RAS can be added as a fine RAS powder or extracted RAS binder. [PERSON] et al. determined that the addition of an RAS fine powder to an asphalt binder increased its stiffness, viscosity, and high-temperature performance. In their study, the upper limit of the performance grade (PG) of the virgin asphalt binder increased from 52 \({}^{\circ}\)C to 58 \({}^{\circ}\)C due to RAS addition [39]. [PERSON] et al. studied an extracted RAS binder from both MWSS and TOSS shingles. The addition of the RAS binder increased the complex shear modulus (DSR test results), asphaltene (SARA analysis) content, and carbonyl index (FTIR); the result was a stiffer and less temperature-susceptible modified binder [25]. MWSS-extracted RAS binders have an average high PG of 131 \({}^{\circ}\)C, while TOSS-extracted binders have an average high PG of 178 \({}^{\circ}\)C. The high PG of extracted RAS binders causes blendability issues, so a maximum of 30% in total of the virgin asphalt binder has generally been recommended [34].
## 3 CNNAE-CICIoT2023 Dataset  
The CICIot2023 dataset is introduced in this section [18; 47; 48]. The CICIoT2023 dataset, accessible via the Canadian Institute for Cybersecurity (CIC) website ([[https://www.unb.ca/cic/datasets/index.html](https://www.unb.ca/cic/datasets/index.html)]([https://www.unb.ca/cic/datasets/index.html](https://www.unb.ca/cic/datasets/index.html)), accessed on 19 June 2023), provides a comprehensive collection of Internet of Things (IoT) network traffic data. There are two formats available for the dataset: CSV (comma-separated value) and PCAP (raw packet capture). PCAP files contain complete packet-level information, enabling detailed feature engineering, while CSV files offer pre-processed features extracted from fixed-size packet windows, simplifying data analysis. This dataset simulates a wide range of attacks (33 in total, categorized into seven attack types) executed within a realistic IoT network topology (105 devices). The feature extraction methodology draws upon existing literature on IoT security, employing window sizes of 10 and 100 packets to address variations in data volume across different attack types. Mean values of the extracted features are calculated and consolidated into a single CSV file for ease of use. The dataset's design aims to solve the limitations of existingdatasets by incorporating a more extensive and realistic IoT network environment and a broader spectrum of attack vectors.  
The dataset employed in this research is a subset of the CICIoT2023 dataset. It consists of 550,579 data rows, each described by 47 features (columns) and labeled as either 'BENIGN' or 'DDoS'. The features are a mix of network flow characteristics, protocol information, and statistical summaries of the network traffic. The labels ('BENIGN', 'DDoS') indicate whether the corresponding network flow is considered normal or part of a distributed denial of service attack. This dataset is essential for the training and evaluation of the proposed model aimed at detecting DDoS attacks in IoT environments. The high dimensionality (47 features) suggests a potentially complex relationship between network traffic characteristics and the presence of malicious activity.  
Table 1 presents descriptive statistics for the features of the CICIoT2023 dataset. The table summarizes the distribution of all network traffic characteristics across 550,579 instances, providing counts, the standard deviation (std), median (50%), mean, 75 th percentile (75%), 25 th percentile (25%), minimum (min), and maximum (max) values. A notable degree of variability is evident in many features, as indicated by the standard deviations, suggesting a wide range of network behavior captured within the dataset. Several features exhibit substantial skewness, with large differences between the mean and median values, and high maximum values relative to the interquartile range. This heterogeneity highlights the complexity of the network traffic data and underscores the need for robust analytical techniques to effectively discern patterns and identify anomalies.
## 4 Proposed Bayesian Hybrid EWMA (HEWMA) Control Chart  
Let be independent and identically normally distributed random variables with unknown mean and constant variance \(\delta^{2}\), i.e., \(X_{t}\sim N\bigl{(}\mu,\delta^{2}\bigr{)}\). From the sequence \(\{X_{t}\}\), we defined another new sequence \(HE_{1},HE_{2},HE_{3},\ldots,HE_{t}\) utilizing the recurrence formula given by  
\[HE_{t}=\lambda_{1}E_{t}+(1-\lambda_{1})HE_{t-1},\quad 0<\lambda_{1}<1 \tag{20}\]  
where  
\[E_{t}=\lambda_{2}X_{t}+(1-\lambda_{2})E_{t-1},\quad 0<\lambda_{2}<1 \tag{21}\]The mean and standard deviation of the proposed Bayesian HEWMA is defined as  
\[E(HE_{t})=\mu\ \ \ \text{and}\ \ \ SD(HE_{t})=\sqrt{\eta\delta^{2}} \tag{22}\]  
where  
\[\eta=\left(\frac{\lambda_{1}\lambda_{2}}{\lambda_{1}-\lambda_{2}}\right)^{2} \left[\sum_{i=1}^{2}\frac{(1-\lambda_{i})^{2}\Big{(}1-(1-\lambda_{i})^{2t} \Big{)}}{\Big{(}1-(1-\lambda_{i})^{2}\Big{)}}-\frac{2(1-\lambda_{1})(1-\lambda _{2})\Big{\{}1-(1-\lambda_{1})^{2}(1-\lambda_{2})^{2}\Big{\}}}{1-(1-\lambda_{1 })(1-\lambda_{2})}\right] \tag{23}\]  
The proposed Bayesian HEWMA statistic under different RSS schemes (RSS, MRSS, ERSS) for posterior and posterior predictive distribution with different LFs is given by the following:  
\[HE_{t(RSS)LF}=\lambda_{1}E_{t}+(1-\lambda_{1})HE_{t-1(RSS)LF},\ \ \ 0<\lambda_{1}<1 \tag{24}\]  
where  
\[E_{t(RSS)LF}=\lambda_{2}\Big{(}\hat{\theta}_{(RSS)LF}\Big{)}+(1-\lambda_{2})E _{t-1},\ \ \ 0<\lambda_{2}<1 \tag{25}\]  
The control limit for the suggested HEWMA control chart under the Bayesian approach using RSS schemes is given below:  
\[LCL=E\Big{(}\hat{\theta}_{(RSS)LF}\Big{)}-L\sqrt{V\Big{(}HE_{t(RSS)LF}\Big{)}} \tag{26}\]  
\[CL=E\Big{(}\hat{\theta}_{(RSS)LF}\Big{)} \tag{27}\]  
\[UCL=E\Big{(}\hat{\theta}_{(RSS)LF}\Big{)}+L\sqrt{V\Big{(}HE_{t(RSS)LF}\Big{)}} \tag{28}\]
## 7 Evaluation and Findings
### Ratio other to SC related sectors  
The respondents were asked whether the system fulfils its purpose of mapping general characteristics of the methodology, if the system enables a collaborative approach for supply chain participants, whether it provides convenient possibilities to exchange data (Figure 18) with other software. Almost all respondents agreed that MITIGATE can successfully exchange data, satisfies the methodology-characteristics mapping and that it is easy to learn enabling a collaborative approach for supply chain participants to take care of their Critical Infrastructure.  
Figure 16: Ratio technical to non-technical user.  
Figure 17: Business Activities.  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c} \hline \hline
**Country of the Test Site** & **Number of Internal Participants** & **Number of External Participants** \\ \hline Spain & 50 & 32 \\ Germany & 39 & 32 \\ Greece & 108 & 375 \\ Italy & 38 & 13 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}
Table 3: Internal and External Test Participants per Country.  
Additionally, almost a quarter of the respondents answered that they were unaware of to say if an organization improves its compliance with security standards using MITIGATE. The majority of the responders agreed (\"strongly agree\": 52%, \"agree\": 44%) that the MITIGATE-system provides important decision support for improving the organizations' risk situation (Figure 19). The 4% (of the test users who did not agree with this statement seem to have done so at least in part because of the development status of the prototypes: One of the comments pointed out implies that \"the MITIGATE system could provide important decision support\".  
Concerning the overall impression of the MITIGATE system utility, as shown in (Figure 20): Over 78% of the test users responded positively that the required time for the MITIGATE RA is reasonable, over 87% of the test users imply that they have felt comfortable using the MITIGATE-system, while 19% responded negatively that the MITIGATE system is easy to learn. Moreover, 64% strongly agreed and 23% agreed that the MITIGATE system will help them to become more productive.  
Figure 19: Overall impression of the respondents concerning the utilization of the MITIGATE system services.  
Eventually, the internal and external testing phases have provided many recommendations and suggestions for improvements to the developers. Much of the potential for improvement has already been implemented in the subsequent releases during the test phase. The tests were able to successfully provide feedback for the improvements of the system during the project period in terms of a targeted TRL (technology readiness level) of 7, as well as for further development towards a finished product or a TRL of 9.
# Genesis of the Baiyangping Cu-Co and Pb-Zn Mineralizations in Lamping Basin, SW China
## 5 Discussion
### Ore Genetic Processes and Comparison  
It is proposed that the Cu-Co mineralization is contemporaneous with the Pb-Zn mineralization in the Baiyangping Cu-Co-Pb-Zn-Ag metallogenic district between ca. 33 Ma and 27 Ma [26, 42], namely from the Oligocene to Miocene. This metallogenic event is temporarily associated with the deformation of the Lamping Basin that occurred during the India-Asia continental collision in the Palaeocene to Early Oligocene [54]. During the collisional event, the basin witnessed changes in tectonic setting and evolved into a foreland basin. It was during this period that the molasse conglomerate filled the basin  
Figure 8: Plots of calculated \(\delta^{18}\)OSMOW versus \(\delta^{13}\)CPDB from various samples of the Baiyangping Cu–Co–Pb–Zn deposit.  
and formed the Eocene Baoxiangshi and Oligocene Jinsichang formations [53]. The last tectonic event in the Lamping Basin is represented by the transition from the forelan basin into the strike-slip and pull-apart basin during the Late Oligocene to Miocene [54]. Thus, the regional tectonic transition from transpression to transpression provided the tectonic setting for the formation of Cu-Co and Pb-Zn mineralizations during the Oligocene in the Baiyangping district [16; 55].  
Most Cu-Co-Pb-Zn orebodies at Baiyangping are associated with the NE-, NS-, and E-trending faults. The Pb-Zn mineralization is mainly hosted in Triassic-Jurassic carbonate rocks and Jurassic to Palaeocene clastic rocks, whereas the Cu-Co mineralization is hosted in Jurassic to Palaeocene clastic rocks. However, both the Pb-Zn and Cu-Co mineralizations exhibit homogeneous sulfur isotope compositions, indicating a uniform source of sulfur generated by thermochemical reduction of rocks in sedimentary strata. The mineralizing fluids sharply precipitated when encountering H\({}_{2}\)S-rich fluids after thermochemical sulfate reduction. The Pb-Zn stage may occur in a process that the ore fluid might obtain metals from sedimentary strata [55; 56; 57; 58]. Mineralizing hydrothermal fluids are derived from basinal brines, indicating the common metal sources and successive metallogenic sequences for Cu-Co and Pb-Zn mineralization. In summary, this study makes it clear that the Baiyangping deposit represents a counterpart to the sediment-host Cu-Co-Pb-Zn deposits in the Otavi Mountain Land of Namibia, in the Goodsprings district of Nevada, and in the Leeuwbosch and Thabazimbi district of Cornwall in South Africa [13; 14].
# Hyper-Heuristic Based on ACO and Local Search for Dynamic Optimization Problems +
## 1 Introduction
* We include arc blocking and dropped the frequency of dynamic changes without losing quality. * The proposed method can provide better solutions, especially in asymmetric dynamic test cases. We use the TSP as the base problem to systematically generate dynamic test cases [11]. In the literature, most cases of dynamic changes are symmetric [9; 11; 35; 36]. However, in the real world they are often asymmetric [8; 10; 37]. For example, in pick-up or delivering problems, the travel time to arrive in some points can drastically change depending on the direction travelled due to traffic conditions. For the sake of comparison, both symmetric and asymmetric dynamic changes are considered. The rest of the paper is organized as follows. Section 2 describes the TSP and the proposed dynamic test cases. Section 3 describes the hyper-heuristic method using one of the best variations of ACO as the base. To make the paper self-contained, we also provide the core logic of the two local search operators. Section 4 shows the experimental results and analysis. Finally, the conclusions are presented in Section 5.
# Performance of Numerically Optimized Tuned Mass Damper with Inerter (TMDI)
## 4 Results
It was observed that the additional degree of freedom due to the serial arrangement of stiffness, inerter and viscous damper evoked the desirable three-degrees-of-freedom system response if the inertance ratio was small. Remember that this response characteristic was not observed for the same TMDI topology with \(\beta=1\%\); see Figure 10. The simulation results shown in Figures 11 and 12 demonstrate that the use of the inerter enhanced the mitigation of the primary structure response if the inerter topology and tuning were selected to evoke an additional degree of freedom and the associated TMDI parameters were numerically optimized. For harmonic excitation, the improvements were \((11.56\)-\(9.50)/11.56=17.8\%\) and \((10.31\)-\(9.50)/10.31=7.9\%\), respectively, compared to the classical TMD and two half TMDs, respectively. Similar results can be found in [35,36]. Another advantage of this TMDI solution is the reduced damper relative motion compared to the two half TMD solution, where the masses were not fully activated at one specific excitation frequency because of the different natural frequency tunings of the two half TMDs. Of course, these benefits of this TMDI solution must be related to the additional efforts that are needed for the technical realization of the serial arrangement of stiffness, frictionless inerter and viscous damper. Figure 10: Performances of TMDI with serial arrangement of stiffness, inerter and damper (\(\mu=1\%\), \(\beta=1\%\), numerically optimized parameters), TMD (\(\mu=1\%\), Den Hartog parameters) and TMD (\(\mu=1\%\), numerically optimized parameters) for harmonic excitation: (**a**) primary structure normalized displacement response and (**b**) normalized damper relative motion response.
## 4 Results and Discussion
### Impact Analysis of POI  
There were 23 specific features selected in the PFP-XPOI model for passenger flow forecasting, and the feature importance is shown in Figure 7.  
The times of node split were used as the feature importance in the XGBoost algorithm. The more times a feature splits, the more important it is. Figure 7 shows the feature importance of different models. PFP-XPOI uses the XGBoost algorithm to train the passenger flow prediction model. After the POI data are fused, the feature importance of the model will change significantly. When POI data are not used, the model mainly splits by the station index, which makes this feature significant in the split process. In the case of modeling with POI data, the model splits more evenly at different features.  
The effect of the POI data on the passenger flow prediction for line 56008 is described directly in Figures 8 and 9. They illustrate the predicted values of on-board and alighting passenger number from 7:00 to 7:30 on 29 October 2015. The predicted values of XGBoost and the historical average model are almost the same. According to this phenomenon, we can draw conclusions in accordance with the results shown in Figure 7. The major split point of the XGBoost model is the index of stations. After the calibration of the service radius between bus stations and POI data, the PFP-XPOI model has a better performance than other models in passenger flow prediction.
# Ultrafast Mid-IR Laser Pulses Generation via Chirp Manipulated Optical Parametric Amplification
## 4 Experiments on Broadband Pumped DC-OPA  
In this section, we present the experimental results on the chirp-manipulated OPA system pumped by a spectrally broadened Ti:sapphire laser. The NIR seed and Mid-IR idler pulses are investigated separately.
# Hardware Design for Cascade-Structure, Dual-Stage, Current-Limiting, Solid-State DC Circuit Breaker
## 4 Hardware Design of the Circuit Breaker Prototype  
Flexible DC grids require high-performance fault clearance capabilities from DC circuit breakers, necessitating optimized parameter design for the breakers. While MOSFETs are fully controllable power electronic devices, they have lower voltage withstand capabilities compared to thyristors (SCRs). SCRs possess higher voltage and current stress tolerance but cannot turn off autonomously. However, these issues are effectively resolved when MOSFETs and SCRs are connected in series to share the voltage. Once the MOSFET turns off, the branch current passes through zero, forcing the thyristor to turn off. During subsequent overvoltage events limited by the surge arrester, the overvoltage will be shared between the MOSFET and the thyristor.  
In this study, a small-scale prototype experiment of the circuit breaker is conducted using a 30 V electrolytic capacitor as the system power supply. The steady-state branch is composed of a MOSFET (IRF740 PBF) (Jia li chuang, Shenzhen, China) and an SCR (BT151) (Jia li chuang, Shenzhen, China), along with a current detection module, with capacities of 400 V/10 A and 800 V/12 A, respectively. The power electronic branch in the SM has the same configuration as the steady-state branch. Each diode (SS1045-SMB) (Jia li chuang, Shenzhen, China) in the system has a capacity of 45 V/10 A, and the metal oxide varistor (MOV) (V30 MLA1210 NH) (Jia li chuang, Shenzhen, China) has a varistor voltage and clamping voltage of 39 V and 68 V, respectively. The load is set to 50 \(\Omega\). The parameters of each component used in the experiment are as follows: \(L_{s1}=L_{s2}=2\) mH, \(R_{1}=10\)\(\Omega\), and \(R_{0}=1\)\(\Omega\). Due to experimental condition limitations, a single cascaded module is used for the SM, with \(C_{s}=1\) uF, and \(R_{s}=2\) k\(\Omega\). Some key component parameters are listed in Table 1. The hardware circuits of each module are analyzed as follows:  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c} \hline
**Component** & **Parameter** \\ \hline MOSFET (IRF740 PBF) (Jia li chuang, Shenzhen, China) & 400 V/10 A \\ SCR (BT151) (Jia li chuang, Shenzhen, China) & 800 V/12 A \\ Diode (SS1045-SMB) (Jia li chuang, Shenzhen, China) & 45 V/10 A \\ Varistor (V30 MLA1210 NH) (Jia li chuang, Shenzhen, China) & 39 V/68 V \\ Controller & STM32H743 (Zheng dian yuan zi, Guangzhou, China) \\ \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}
Table 1: Experimental key devices and parameters.