## 2 Materials and Methods
### Construction Phase
The whole was powered by BSM63N-275 AC servo motors (Baldor, ABB group, Zurich, Switzerland), in an intermediate configuration for each axis, respectively. The AC servo motor (\(T_{C}\) = 1.47 Nm, \(I\) = 1.97 A, \(n_{s}\) = 10,000 min\({}^{-1}\), \(m\) = 2.3 kg) was equipped with a precise positioning system containing an encoder that provided the possibility of feedback, which also allowed to treat it as a measurement-control system. Important elements of the 5-axis CNC grinding machine construction were also two C and B rotary axes, which ensured precise positioning and, thus, repeatability of results--which is a key issue of obtaining the given machining parameters. For their proper functioning, which is understood as a precise rotation, the bearing blocks embedded in specially designed bushes, which in turn were embedded in the auxiliary bodies of the C and B rotary axes, were responsible. Conical bearings with the appropriate voltage value were used here, which ensured the correct realization of this function. Requirements regarding the accuracy and precision of motion executive elements forced the use of precise reinforced output bearing for the rotary axes drive. For several years, manufacturers have been using them successfully for tilting-turning tables of CNC machines, resulting in highly backlash-free kinematic systems. As in the case of ball rails and flanges runner blocks, also in this case, ready-made commercial components were used. CPU-25A (\(T_{A}\) = 108 Nm, \(T_{M}\) = 284 Nm, \(T_{N}\) = 67 Nm, \(T_{R}\) = 157 Nm, \(n_{inf(max)}\) = 5600 min\({}^{-1}\), \(n_{ar(max)}\) = 3500 min\({}^{-1}\)) reinforced output bearing (Harmonic Drive AG, Limburg an der Lahn, Germany). The control and monitoring systems in the 5-axis CNC grinding machine were included elements indirectly involved in controlling the technological machine (control program) and directly controlling the electrical systems (servo amplifiers, frequency converters, contacts, etc.) and measuring elements (encoders in servo motors, limit switches in individual linear and rotary axes, etc.). Because the assumptions took into account the conducting of the machining process in an automated and repeatable manner, it was necessary to use the appropriate software to control the machining parameters (feed, direction, rotational speed, automatic positioning). A control program in the form of G-codes was introduced into the technological machine through the advanced Mach3 ver. R3.043.022 software (Newfangled Solutions LLC, Livermore Falls, ME, USA). The software allowed for control of movement of the X, Y, Z, C, and B axes, operation of the electrospindle, operation of the cooling system of the machining zone and processing parameters. Elements of industrial automation necessary to control the operation of the technological machine were mostly placed in the main control cabinet, including servo amplifiers compatible with servo motors (Baldor, ABB Group), frequency converter (inverter), control card that provides communication between the Mach3 software and the servo amplifiers of individual axes, Windows workstation, and other electrical elements, e.g., contactors, relays, overload protections, and electrical-signal cables. The machine was also equipped with cooling-lubricating systems supporting the grinding process based on the minimum quantity lubrication (MQL) and cold air gun (CAG) methods. Both systems used nozzle MQL for supplying oil mist by compressed air and nozzle CAG for supplying low-temperature compressed air, which were specially designed to ensure that, in addition to the cooling and lubricating function of the machining zone, they also provided effective fluid cleaning and dirt separation. Details of above-mentioned systems are presented in Figure 4a,b. A properly designed and made fixing grip plays a key role in the regeneration of industrial cutting blades.