## 4 Case Study  
### Data Description  
The demonstration line of Huyi Highway (Chenxiang Road-Yecheng Road) is 8.2 km long and adopts a point-to-point direct operation mode for the whole line. Passengers initiate online demand reservations from the APP and select the departure time and the departure and finish stations. After unified collation, the passenger service system sends the reservation information to the backend scheduling system. The scheduling system generates the departure plan and driving route according to the demand data and dispatches the corresponding vehicles to complete the transportation task on time.  
Figure 4: Flow chart of the ant colony algorithm.  
There are 12 custom bus stops on the line. The distance between each station is obtained using the information displayed on the electronic map. Take Zhaoxian Road as the first station, and the distance between each station and the first station is shown in Table 1.  
The average traveling speed of the demonstration line bus is 60 km/h. Line operation temporarily uses three models. After reviewing relevant information and combining it with the actual situation, considering the vehicle depreciation, the cost of each model is set in Table 2.  
Considering the situation of the demonstration line, the deployable time point is set at 10 min intervals between 7:00 and 9:00, and the maximum succession interval is set at 30 min. During the two hours, 180 tasks are randomly generated, and some are shown in Table 3.  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c} \hline
**Station Number** & **Station Name** & **Distances** \\ \hline
01 & Zhaoxian Road, Huyi Highway & 0 \\
02 & Hongde Road, Huyi Highway & 587 \\
03 & Baiyin Road, Huyi Highway & 1117 \\
04 & Shigang & 1683 \\
05 & Yining Road, Huyi Highway & 2215 \\
06 & Huyi Highway Hope Road & 2696 \\
07 & Huyi Highway Double Single Road & 3336 \\
08 & Malu Town & 3896 \\
09 & Huyi Highway Bao’an Highway & 4540 \\
10 & Yagang Road, Huyi Highway & 5393 \\
11 & Da Qiaotou & 7093 \\
12 & Huyi Highway Chenxiang Road & 7745 \\ \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}
Table 1: Distance between stations on the demonstration line of Huyi Highway.  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c} \hline
**Vehicle** & **Seating** & **Vehicle** & **Fixed** & **Operating** & **Deadhead Traveling** \\  & **Capacity** & **Size** & **Cost** & **Cost** \\ \hline
2020 SAIC Roewe Ei5 (Shanghai, China) & 5 seats & Small & 36 CNY/km & 1.35 CNY/km & 1.30 CNY/km \\
2021 Maxus EV90 (Shanghai, China) & 15 seats & Medium & 40 CNY/km & 1.90 CNY/km & 1.85 CNY/km \\ Yancheng Brand HYK6700 YBEV (Hengyang, China) & 23 seats & Large & 55 CNY/km & 2.10 CNY/km & 2.05 CNY/km \\ \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}
Table 2: The basic information of the vehicles on the demonstration line of Huyi Highway.  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c} \hline
**Task** & **Departure** & **Final** & **Vehicle** & **Departure** \\
**Number** & **Station** & **Station** & **Size** & **Time** \\ \hline
1 & Yining Road, Huyi Highway & Huyi Highway Double Single Road & Small & 7:20 \\
2 & Hongde Road, Huyi Highway & Huyi Highway Double Single Road & Medium & 8:50 \\
3 & Hongde Road, Huyi Highway & Huyi Highway Hope Road & Small & 8:30 \\
4 & Huyi Highway Bao’an Highway & Huyi Highway Hope Road & Medium & 8:10 \\
5 & Malu Township & Huyi Highway Hope Road & Medium & 8:50 \\
6 & Hongde Road, Huyi Highway & Malu Township & Large & 7:50 \\
7 & Baiyin Road, Huyi Highway & Da Qiaotou & Small & 8:00 \\
8 & Huyi Highway Bao’an Highway & Huyi Highway Double Single Road & Small & 7:00 \\
9 & Yagang Road, Huyi Highway & Shigang & Medium & 8:40 \\ \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}
Table 3: Part of the departure tasks information.  
Table 4 sets the values of each parameter of the ant colony algorithm, based on previous research experience and the actual situation of the line.