# Recent Progress and Challenges Regarding Magnetic-Based Nanoparticles for Targeted Drug Delivery
## 3.3. **Magnetite-Based Nanomaterials for Specific Cancer Treatment**
### Treatment of Other Cancers  
While systems primarily designed for potential breast cancer treatment dominate, many original papers elucidate magnetite-based systems for targeted drug delivery to other types of cancers. Consequently, further discussions on recently presented systems will be categorized based on their potential application against specific types of cancer cells (Table 4). Primary liver cancer refers to a disease in which cancer cells arise in the liver, and its most common type is hepatocellular carcinoma. Despite well-characterized risk factors of liver cancer (chronic infection with hepatitis B virus (HBV) or hepatitis C virus (HCV), heavy alcohol consumption, metabolic diseases, and aflatoxin exposure), it contributes to one of the highest mortality rates worldwide among deaths caused by cancer [69]. Therefore, systems that limit the toxic impact of the carried active substance on healthy cells and its targeted delivery to the areas with cancerous tissue are also the subject of intensive research. [PERSON] et al. [70] used polysaccharide dextran (DEX) and polylactic acid (PLA) for covering magnetite nanoparticles and DOX loading and subsequently applied them for the study of liver cancer inhibition. The animal experiments showed that tumor weight decreased approximately twice when using a DOX-loaded nanocarrier compared to free DOX, indicating a more substantial inhibitory effect on liver cancer cells. Additionally, the survival time also increased to 63 days, while for free DOX-treated animals, it was only 36 days. In another approach, Fe\({}_{3}\)O\({}_{4}\) nanoparticles were coated with Pluronic F127 \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c} \hline \hline
**Components of Magnetic-Based** & **Cell Model** & **Characterization of Anticancer Properties** & **Reference** \\ \hline poly(N-isopropyl acrylamide) & MCF7 & Drug release, biocompatibility, cell viability, cellular uptake & [51] \\ \hline Polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinylpyrrolidone, FA, \(\beta\)-estradiol & MCF7 & Drug release, cell viability, cytotoxicity & [52] \\ \hline CaCO\({}_{3}\) & MCF7 & Drug release, cytotoxicity & [53] \\ \hline Citric acid & 4T1 MDA MB 468 & Drug release, cytotoxicity & [54] \\ \hline Diatoms & MCF7 & Drug release, biocompatibility, cytotoxicity & [55] \\ \hline Chitosan, graphene oxide & MCF7 & Drug release, cytotoxicity & [59] \\ \hline Polyethylene glycol & 4T1 & Drug release, enzyme-mimic activity, cell viability, apoptosis in vivo: tumor condition & [60] \\ \hline Metal-organic framework & 4T1 & Drug release, cytotoxicity & [61] \\ \hline Silica, metal-organic framework & MCF7 & Drug release, cytotoxicity & [62] \\ \hline Au, cysteamine, aptamer & 4T1 & Drug release, cytotoxicity & [63] \\ \hline Hyaluronic acid, L-cysteine & MCF7 & Drug release, cytotoxicity & [64] \\ \hline \(\beta\)-cyclodextrintrim, glycodendrimer, FA & MDA MB 231 & \begin{tabular}{c} Drug release, cytotoxicity, cellular uptake, antioxidant activity \\ \end{tabular} & [65] \\ \hline Chitosan, zein & MCF7 & \
\begin{tabular}{c} Drug release, cytotoxicity, \\ synergistic effect \\ \end{tabular} & [66] \\ \hline Graphene quantum dots, FA &
\begin{tabular}{c} MCF7 \\ MG63 \\ \end{tabular} & Drug release, cytotoxicity & [67] \\ \hline Polyvinylpyrrolidone, graphene oxide & MDA MB 231 & Drug release, cytotoxicity & [68] \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 3: _Cont._crosslinked with polyethyleneimine to create a pH- and thermo-responsive nanocarrier of doxorubicin [71]. Pluronic F127 is an amphiphilic polymer that improves solubility and drug encapsulation. It is stimuli-responsive (pH, temperature) and can load hydrophilic and hydrophobic drugs. Branched cationic polyethyleneimine (PEI) can conjugate to DNA/RNA, causing osmotic imbalance and increasing cellular uptake due to attraction interactions with negatively charged phospholipids/glycoprotein at the cellular surface.