## 4 Discussion
Research conducted by [PERSON] and [PERSON] [2,6] demonstrated that the application of microbiological preparations to soil-plant ecosystems can have a substantial positive impact on soil quality, plant health, growth, and crop quality. According to their findings, these applications introduce beneficial microorganisms directly into both the soil and plant leaves, fostering favorable conditions for interactions between plants and microorganisms. Additionally, studies conducted by [PERSON] et al. [7] highlighted the advantages of using EM Naturally Active preparations, which contain beneficial microorganisms. These preparations promote an environment conducive to plant development by enhancing access to essential micro- and macroelements. This, in turn, enables plants to more effectively absorb nutrients, potentially increasing their value from the consumer's perspective [48, 49, 50, 51, 52]. According to [PERSON] et al. [53], the use of EM preparations is, above all, an effective method for enriching and rejuvenating soil through natural biochemical processes. The high activity of lactic acid bacteria (_Lactobacillus casei_, _Streptococcus lactis_) contributes to improving the sterility of the soil conditions by preventing the spread of fungi (_Fusarium_ sp. ), bacteria (_Escherichia coli_, _Salmonella_ sp. ), and enterococci. Photosynthetic bacteria (_Rhodospseudomonas palustrus_, _Rhodobacter_ sp.) engage in partial photosynthesis, producing organic compounds including free amino acids. These compounds are subsequently utilized by yeast (_Saccharomyces albus_, _Candida utilis_). These yeast strains, in turn, produce active substances that stimulate the activity of lactic acid bacteria and actinomycetes (_Streptomyces albus_, _S. griseus_) with natural antibiotic properties. Fungi (_Aspergillus oryzae_, _Mucor hiemalis_) significantly enhance soil quality by accelerating the decomposition of organic matter. Therefore, the selection of microorganisms for microbiological preparations is not random; these microorganisms often exhibit symbiotic interactions [49, 51, 52, 53]. According to [PERSON] et al. [3], [PERSON] and [PERSON] [6], [PERSON] et al. [7], and [PERSON] et al. [8], biodynamic technologies can be effectively and economically employed to enhance the productivity of agricultural systems, particularly organic systems, and reduce environmental pollution. Consequently, microbiological preparations hold significant potential in agriculture. However, it is important to note that they do not provide a one-size-fits-all solution to all plant production challenges. These results indicate that the influence of pre-planting treatments on potato plants is intricate and may be influenced by numerous factors. To obtain a more comprehensive understanding of these effects and harness the full yield potential of potatoes, further investigation into various aspects of these interactions is necessary. In a study conducted by [PERSON] et al. [54], the impact of the prolonged exposure of Jerusalem artichoke tubers to pre-planting procedures was examined. The study revealed that the activity of antioxidant defense enzymes such as catalase and peroxidase exhibited a weak correlation with the duration of exposure to these pre-planting treatments. Our research, which encompassed 14 potato cultivars, can provide valuable insights into the mechanisms governing the adaptive responses of plants when subjected to extended exposure to pre-planting treatments. In the study by [PERSON] et al. [54], the impact of the prolonged exposure of Jerusalem artichoke tubers to pre-planting procedures was investigated, with a noted weak correlation in the activity of antioxidant enzymes such as catalase and peroxidase with the duration of exposure before planting. Our study focused on 14 potato cultivars from various maturity groups. We demonstrated that the influence of pre-planting treatments on potato plants is complex and depends on various factors including cultivars, weather conditions, and soil properties.