## 5 Conclusions  
Under the conditions of high temperature stress, it is worth noting that all the features of tomato fruits grown in both HW- and LW-PV panel groups closely resembled those of tomatoes from the same variety available on the market. Therefore, in our specific experimental context, it became evident that in the face of climate change, agrivoltaic systems can play a significant role in sustaining crop production while meeting the market's demand for high-quality fruits. Particularly, in scenarios of water scarcity, employing PV panels emerges as a valuable crop management strategy to alleviate drought stress in tomato fruits, enabling acceptable yield and production compared to plants grown in full sunlight. Although agrivoltaics cannot be universally considered as a comprehensive strategy for agroecosystems to face climate change, their positive impact is contingent on factors such as the type of crop and field geographical location. It is important to note that the results obtained were influenced by the relatively low height of the PV panels from the ground, aligning with national agricultural guidelines in Italy. In this study, the PV panel plot ensured only 3% of the sunlight intensity compared to full sunlight at zenith. Enhancing sunlight intensity to a minimum of 6% could potentially improve production quantity, as suggested by our previous study [20]. Therefore, future experiments should explore tomato production under conditions where PV panels are placed at different heights, providing valuable insights for optimizing agrivoltaic systems. However, a limitation of this experiment was the height of the PV panel from the ground, which was lower than the minimum height recommended for agrivoltaic systems according to Italian guidelines, set at 2.10 m. This difference could result in a higher light flux underneath the PV panel compared to the experimental conditions in this study, potentially impacting fruit production. In future research, tomato crop will be tested under conditions more closely aligned with the specifications of agrivoltaic systems. **Author Contributions:** Conceptualization, A.S. ([PERSON]), T.S., G.P. and M.D.C.; methodology, A.S. ([PERSON]), T.S., G.P. and M.D.C.; software, A.S. ([PERSON]), T.S. and M.D.C.; validation, A.S. ([PERSON]), T.S. and M.D.C.; formal analysis, A.S. ([PERSON]), T.S. and M.D.C.; investigation, A.S. ([PERSON]), T.S. and M.D.C.; resources, T.S., M.S.L., A.S. ([PERSON]), G.P. and M.D.C.; data curation, T.S., A.S. ([PERSON]), A.C., R.A., C.R., M.S.L., A.S. ([PERSON]), G.P. and M.D.C.; writing--original draft preparation, A.S. ([PERSON]), T.S. and M.D.C.; writing--review and editing, A.S. ([PERSON]), T.S., A.C., R.A., C.R., M.S.L., A.S. ([PERSON]), G.P. and M.D.C.; visualization, A.S. ([PERSON]), T.S., A.C., R.A., C.R., M.S.L., A.S. ([PERSON]), G.P. and M.D.C.; supervision, T.S., M.S.L., A.S. ([PERSON]), G.P. and M.D.C.; funding acquisition, M.S.L., A.S. ([PERSON]), G.P. and M.D.C. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript. This research received no external funding. **Infrared Consent Statement:** Not applicable. **Data Availability Statement:** The raw data supporting the conclusions of this article will be made available by the authors on request. **Acknowledgments:** [PERSON] thanks the ITINERIS Project funded by the EU--Next Generation EU Mission 4 \"Education and Research\"--Component 2: \"From research to business\"--Investment 3.1: \"Fund for the realisation of an integrated system of research and innovation infrastructures\"--Project IR0000032--ITINERIS--Italian Integrated Environmental Research Infrastructures System--CUP B53C22002150006. He acknowledges the research infrastructures participating in the ITINERIS project with their Italian nodes: ACTRIS, ANAEE, ATLaS, CeTRA, DANUBIUS, DISSCO, e-LTER, ECORD, EMPHASIS, EMSO, EUFAR, Euro-Argo, EuroFleets, Geoscience, IBISBA, ICOS, JERICO, LIFEWATCH, LNS, [PERSON], SIOS, SMINO.