# The Development of an Advanced Air Mobility Flight Testing and Simulation Infrastructure
## 5 Conclusions  
An AAM flight testing and simulation infrastructure was developed based on the key concepts and system requirements defined under the AMU-LED project. The purpose was to provide a testing baseline with every aspect of AAM and ease efforts on its full integration with everyday life. The developed infrastructure considers various perspectives of AAM stakeholders, such as the operator, the passenger, the USSP, and the ATC. The infrastructure consists of three main parts: the co-simulation environment, actual platforms, and the AAM simulator. The co-simulation environment assists USSPs in traffic monitoring and management by providing various pre-flight and in-flight services for UAM and the ability to track both the UAM and traditional aviation traffic. It also helps ATC in monitoring and intervening with traffic if it is needed via a collaborative display. Real platforms of the infrastructure, which are a Swift VTOL UAV and a Cranfield Multicopter, were used to demonstrate the actual flights of AAM traffic. Finally, the AAM simulator provides a full passenger experience of a future air taxi and allows for the simulation of an HPV in an AAM traffic environment. Each individual element, such as the flight plan update, collaborative interface, and AAM simulator, was tested, and the outputs were utilized in scenarios and flight plan definitions for an AAM demonstration. Due to the safety concerns and limits of flight permissions, we were not able to test all of the advanced services that have been developed under the infrastructure on real flights. As a future improvement, we considered including a feature that also covers the AAM pilot/individual operator's perspective, to be able to analyze the potential workload. Figure 11: Subparts of the Cranfield demo. We also want to improve the developed services, e.g., by including different protocols and extending the action sets for contingency management and tactical conflict resolution services. Additionally, we plan to test our flight testing and simulation infrastructure with different airspace configurations through various metrics. Through the infrastructure, we were able to define different use cases and obtain relevant finalized flight plans with detailed trajectories at every flight phase and set departure times considering surrounding risks and capacity. Such a system also allows one to properly track the current traffic during operations and to interrupt in case of a disruptive condition via in-flight services. The considered system involves and provides communication between various elements such as real-time data from real platforms, simulated vehicles, and an actual AAM simulator with a VR feature. After creating the baseline and infrastructure for demonstration activities, the next step is to validate the defined concepts under the AMU-LED project. All of the aforementioned platforms and developed services took part during an actual demo to showcase the future AAM concept. Further on, we will be providing details on the AMU-LED Cranfield demo, such as the collaboration of each stakeholder participating in the demo, technical aspects of the performed scenarios, public acceptance, data analysis, and recommendations for the future to enable AAM and benefit from its full potential. Conceptualization, G.I. ; methodology, Y.X. and G.I. ; software, A.T.A., M.H., E.S., G.G., R.F., Y.T., P.B. and Y.S. ; validation, A.T.A., M.H., E.S., G.G., R.F., Y.T., P.B. and Y.S. ; formal analysis, A.T.A. and Y.T. ; investigation, A.T.A., M.H., E.S., G.G., M.U., R.F., Y.T., P.B., Y.S., Y.X., G.I., M.W.H., A.F., A.M., J.A.T., C.N., M.V., M.T., V.G., P.M. and A.G.; resources, Y.X. and G.I. ; data curation, A.T.A., M.H., E.S., G.G., R.F. and Y.T. ; writing--original draft preparation, A.T.A. ; writing--review and editing, A.T.A., M.H., E.S., G.G., M.U., R.F., Y.T., P.B., Y.S., Y.X., G.I., M.W.H., A.F., A.M., J.A.T., C.N., M.V., M.T., V.G., P.M. and A.G.; visualization, A.T.A., M.H., R.F., Y.T. and P.B. ; supervision, Y.X., G.I. and M.W.H.