# Facilitators and Barriers in Applying Building Information Modeling (BIM) for Construction Industry
## 3 Results
### The Utilization of BIM  
The third part of the survey directly relates to the advantages and obstacles in BIM implementation. Questionnaires are largely divided into 5 sections: (1) BIM in design stage, (2) BIM for construction, (3) BIM in railway projects, (4) quality management and procurements, and (5) proper compensation for BIM specialists. According to the survey results, the respondents generally agrees with the advantages of using BIM whether it's in design, construction, or railway projects. Specific answers slightly differ to a certain degree but general consensus can be found for BIM implementation. According to the result, about 30% of the respondents have answered that the biggest advantage of using BIM during designing stage can be found in error reduction. Because of model checking ability and 3D working environment, BIM can greatly reduce interference of structural, mechanical, electric components. This in return can provide enhanced efficiency during designing stage. The second biggest asset for using BIM in design is its automated process. Because BIM is an object-based process, drawings and other associated materials, such as the amount of steels, concrete, and other materials can be automatically calculated from design. About 20% of the respondents have showed that 3D modeling capacity is a great advantage of using BIM and 13% indicated that time reduction in designing is a positive factor of using BIM during design stage. As a result, similar portion  
Figure 3: Preferences on BIM Knowledge Sharing Site. of respondents can be found for their wanting job boundary for BIM utilization. About 35% answered BIM is wanted during error checking stage and 27% require BIM for an automated process for design production. The biggest obstacle in BIM for design can be found in vague standards for its production guidelines. About 41% answered that the government or any other procurement bodies should provide more specific and clearer standards for the final output. In other words, unclear job orders from the clients make engineers harder for using BIM. Another negative factor for using BIM is in its limited capability for human resources. About 26.2% of the respondents have identified that there is a lack of experienced professionals using BIM for design. Because of this reason, BIM designers are not properly utilized during design stage. Another notable answers are the increased cost of using BIM (11.9%) and a lack of necessity for BIM because of familiarity to traditional working environment (16.67%). For the level of expertise in BIM during design stage, less than 5% have answered that just a BIM modeler is required. As can be seen in Figure 4, many respondents showed that both BIM modeler and coordinator is required and about 19% of answers even showed BIM manager is more required than BIM modeler level. This results can be interpreted that people see BIM professional more of a manager or coordinator than just a modeling professional. In terms of using BIM for construction stage, about 32.3% have answered that BIM plays a positive role in detecting designing errors. During construction, finding an error can become a critical issue because if the model contains an error, whether it is a structural, mechanical, or else, there should be a reorder to be made and it eventually increase the length and costs of the project. In Figure 5, about 19.2% answered that using BIM can increase construction ability which in return, promotes construction efficiency. About 10.6% answered that BIM facilitates construction budgeting and about 12.8% reported that it is a convenient tool in design change. This result can be found similarly in a question regarding which task should BIM be applied in construction. The majority of answers indicated that BIM is required for construction ability and design errors. One interesting observation  
Figure 4: Preferences on BIM during Design Stage. is that many respondents answered that BIM needs to be used more in scheduling and cost management.