## 5 Current Applications of Functional Molecules from Hop  
Taking into account the properties of the hop extracts, in the last years, they have been used as preservative agents in different food products. In the case of fresh meat and meat products, plant extracts prevent their oxidative and microbial deterioration, extending their shelf-life and safety as well as conferring functional properties [76, 77, 78]. For example, [PERSON] et al. [18] studied the antimicrobial effect in vitro of several hop extracts against _L. monocytogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella enterica,_ and _Escherichia coli_ in a model meat marinade and on marinated pork tenderloins. The results obtained by these authors demonstrated that the Gram-positive bacteria were highly inhibited by hop extracts due to its content in \(\beta\)-acid, but in the case of extracts containing \(\alpha\)-acid, the inhibition was lower; in contrast, Gram-negative bacteria exhibited a high resistance against all evaluated hop extracts.  
In another work, [PERSON] et al. [79] evaluated the effect of the incorporation of hop infusion or powder in raw and cooked lamb patties, over the oxidative stability of lipids, proteins, and/or color under two scenarios: refrigerated or frozen conditions, as well as in their sensory acceptability. These authors concluded that the use of hop powder showed higher antioxidant activity than hop infusion in lamb patties. Moreover, the lipid and protein oxidation of cooked patties under refrigerated conditions was reduced. However, the sensorial acceptance by the consumers decreased due to changes in flavor when hop powder was added.  
Hop extracts find also application as natural ingredients to extend the shelf life of bread due to their antifungal properties. For instance, [PERSON] et al. [19] formulated wheat bread with hop  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c} \hline \hline
**Respensible Compound** & **Methodology** & **Outcomes** & **Reference** \\ \hline Desmethylbismuthhumed and co-humulone & Spotting method & \(\text{IC}_{\text{SB}}\) values 0.36 g/l for essential oil and 0.73 g/l for cone extracts & [10] \\  & & & MC: 0.15 mg/l. for _Prelimil  
extracts and assessed their effects on its shelf life, as well as on its rheological and sensory features. They reported that the hop extract exhibited antifungal properties against _Aspergillus parasiticus_, _Penicillium carneum_, _Penicillium polonicum_, _Penicillium paneum_, _Penicillium chemresinum_, _Aspergillus niger_, and _Penicillium roqueforti_. Moreover, these authors isolated lactic acid bacteria from hops and selected three for sourdough fermentation for bread making with hop extracts. The authors concluded that the addition of hop extracts increased the antioxidant activity and the concentration of phenols. Moreover, the use of hop-sourdough with or without the incorporation of hop extract to elaborate bread delayed the growth of fungi until 14 days, extending its shelf life. The rheological and sensory properties were not affected.  
In cosmetics, hops are used in bath lotions, among others [80]. [PERSON] et al. [17] used supercritical CO\({}_{2}\) extracts of hop cones to formulate shower gels, and the results obtained showed that their addition enhanced their skin-conditioning properties due to their content in bioactive ingredients. Moreover, the formulations containing the extract of hop cones present compounds to treat oil and dandruff in hair. The use of hop extract in hair cosmetics is supported by its antifungal and antiseborrheic properties that decrease its brittleness, nourish it, give it shine, increase its strength, and prevent its loss [17].