## 3 Results and Discussion
### Laboratory Analysis
Out of these 29, only 20 were included in the subsequent modelling scenarios 2-4 (\"1.0 MRL\", \"0.7 MRL\", \"zero\") as carbaryl, chlorpropham, biteranol, liferuuron and thiamethoxam as well as pyridinyl, terbuthylazine, thiazolpt and tetraconazole were excluded from further modelling because they were either not approved for use or were present in products not typically intended for their use. In general, fruits were commodities with more active substances detected, opposed to vegetables. Peach was the fruit with traces of 13 active substances, while 10 active substances were detected in apples and strawberries. Onion and pepper were vegetables with seven active substances detected, while green salad had traces of six active substances. MRL was exceeded in 10 samples (buprofenine and spinosad in 4 samples, with pyrimethanil, boscalid and fluxapyroxad in 1 sample). Detailed description on occurrence of specific active substances in different types of fruits and vegetables is provided in Supplementary Table S1. As for 'health effect #2', five active substances were considered in further calculations: buprofezine, imidacloprid, fenbuconazole, folp \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{l c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Active Substance** & \begin{tabular}{c} **Number of Types** \\ **of Fruit** \\ \end{tabular} & \begin{tabular}{c} **Number of Types** \\ **of Vegetables** \\ \end{tabular} & \begin{tabular}{c} **Number of** \\ **Samples** \\ \end{tabular} & \
\begin{tabular}{c} **Number of** \\ **Values above LOD** \\ \end{tabular} &
\begin{tabular}{c} **Samples with** \\ **Values above MRL** \\ \end{tabular} \\ \hline Expected active substances & & & & & & \\ \hline Boscalid & 11 & 9 & 1277 & 130 & 1 \\ Buprofen & 3 & 0 & 164 & 5 & 4 \\ Cyantraniliprole & 0 & 1 & 60 & 1 & 0 \\ Cyproconazole & 4 & 1 & 312 & 8 & 0 \\ Cyrodinil & 9 & 5 & 1012 & 92 & 0 \\ Dithianon & 1 & 0 & 45 & 4 & 0 \\ Fenbuconazole & 2 & 0 & 123 & 8 & 0 \\ Fluopciolide & 1 & 4 & 238 & 16 & 0 \\ Fluopygram & 6 & 6 & 792 & 36 & 0 \\ Fluxapyroxad & 7 & 2 & 575 & 20 & 1 \\ Folpet & 2 & 0 & 113 & 3 & 0 \\ Mycobutanil & 4 & 0 & 308 & 13 & 0 \\ Pendimethalin & 0 & 2 & 49 & 5 & 0 \\ Pyrimethanil & 17 & 2 & 1351 & 151 & 1 \\ Spinosad & 5 & 2 & 558 & 36 & 4 \\ Spirodiclofen & 1 & 0 & 61 & 4 & 0 \\ Spiromesifen & 1 & 3 & 323 & 9 & 0 \\ Thiabendazole & 7 & 0 & 392 & 46 & 0 \\ Thiophanate- & 4 & 1 & 288 & 15 & 0 \\ methyl & 2,4-D & 1 & 0 & 98 & 1 & 0 \\ \hline Unexpected active substances & & & & & \\ Bitternad1 * & 0 & 1 & 33 & – & – \\ Carbaryl * & 0 & 1 & 33 & – & – \\ Chlorpropham * & 1 & 3 & 257 & – & – \\ Lufenuron * & 1 & 0 & 60 & – & – \\ Pyridaly1 * & 0 & 1 & 99 & – & – \\ Terbuthylazine * & 2 & 0 & 38 & – & – \\ Tetraconazole * & 0 & 1 & 105 & – & – \\ Thiacloprid * & 1 & 0 & 62 & – & – \\ Thiamethoxam * & 2 & 5 & 395 & – & – \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular} Legend: (*)—not expected to be found (not commonly used on that type of fruit and/or vegetable; pesticides not approved for general use or whose approved use has expired). Health effect #1—affecting the thyroid gland through hypothyroidism.  
\end{table} 
Table 3: Overview of active substances causing ’health effect #1’ found in fruits and vegetables.