## 3 Research Methodology
### Designing and Conducting the Survey of Experts
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c} \hline \hline
**No.** & **Risk Name** & **Symbol** & **Risk Group** & **References** \\ \hline
1 & Natural disasters (earthquakes, floods, and hurricanes) & ER1 & External risks & [5] \\
2 & Weather conditions (high/low temperatures, humidity, and rain) & ER2 & External risks & [5] \\
3 & Improper and insufficient assessment of soil & DR1 & & \\
4 & Ambiguity in the purpose of the project & DR2 & & \\
5 & The design requires innovative construction methods, equipment, or materials & DR3 & Design risks & [37] \\
6 & Changes in graphics, quantities, or methodology & DR4 & Design risks & [37] \\
7 & Incomplete information and design & DR5 & & \\
8 & The length and diameter of the concrete pile & DR6 & & \\
9 & The distance between the pile and the adjacent pile & DR7 & & \\
10 & The nature of the project (piles for the foundations of a building and a bridge or pliss supporting excavation walls) & DR8 & & \\
11 & Poor communication between project stakeholders & MR1 & & \\
12 & Poor staff efficiency (delays in examination and testing, a delay in approving contract submissions, ineffective decision making) & MR2 & Management risks & [8] \\
13 & Lack of quality management (planning, assurance, and control) & MR3 & & \\
14 & Labor mistakes, rework, and idle times & CR1 & & \\
15 & Manpower shortage & CR2 & & \\
16 & Labor conflicts and disputes & CR3 & & \\
17 & Safety issues & CR4 & & \\
18 & Labor cost fluctuations & CR5 & & \\
19 & Survey errors and site-handling mistakes & CR6 & Construction risks & [38] \\
20 & The method of pouring concrete and its efficiency & CR7 & & \\
21 & Waiting time for other operations (such as substrate axis adjustment). & CR8 & & \\
22 & Creve experience & CR9 & & \\
23 & A consultant’s requirement for concrete from a specific factory & CR10 & Identified by the experts \\
24 & Lack of management skills & SCR1 & & \\
25 & Delay in the delivery of project requirements & SCR2 & Sub-contractor risks & [5] \\
26 & Low credibility & SCR3 & & \\
27 & Incidents with internal or external stakeholders & EQR1 & & \\
28 & Improper maintenance & EQR2 & & \\
29 & Delays in the delivery of services and spare parts & EQR3 & & \\
30 & The delay and/or failure of logistics services & EQR4 & & [5] \\
31 & The incompetence or operators & EQR5 & Equipment risks & \\
32 & Dill type & EQR6 & & \\
33 & The size of the withdrawal units & EQR7 & & Identified by the experts \\
34 & The number of pieces of equipment on site & EQR9 & & \\
35 & The size of the drilling machine & EQR9 & & \\
36 & Failure to obtain approvals or permits & PGR1 & Political and & \\
37 & Import restrictions & PGR2 & governmental risks & [38; 39] \\
38 & Lack of funds: a lack of cash flow from the contractor & ECR1 & & \\
39 & Rising maintenance expenses as a result of poor contractor servicing & ECR2 & & \\
40 & Rising maintenance expenses as a result of poor supplier servicing & ECR3 & Economical risks & [5] \\
41 & Inflation risk: unexpected price changes. & ECR4 & & \\
42 & Economic crisis & ECR5 & & \\
43 & Foreign exchange risks: unstable exchange rates, transfer restrictions, and supply and demand balance & & \\
44 & Failure to finance the project & OGR1 & & \\
45 & Unqualified owner representatives & ORG2 & Owner generated & \\
46 & The delay or refusal of compensation to the contractor & OGR3 & risks & [5; 40] \\
47 & An owner’s ultra-standard expectations and requirements & & OGR4 & \\
48 & A delay in or the inability of the owner to provide full possession of & & \\  & the site & & \\
49 & Investigation samples do not cover the entire study area & SR1 & & \\
50 & Sol type & SR2 & & \\
51 & Issues due to size limitations & SR3 & Site risks & [40] \\
52 & Space considerations at the construction site & SR4 & & \\
53 & On-site infrastructure & SRS & & \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 2: After reviewing the literature and interviewing the experts, the final list of risk factors associated with pile installation.