They have six degrees of freedom and are widely used in laboratory automation. Which robotic configuration is used depends heavily on the particular application. The most important parameters include the accuracy required at the operating point, the maximum possible payload, the cycle time for the processes, and the range and the required number of degrees of freedom. Since the amount of programming, complexity and susceptibility to errors as well as the costs increase with an increasing number of degrees of freedom, robots used should have only the required degrees of freedom. To carry out special activities such as gripping, suitable end effectors are required, which are installed at the end of the robot arm. They have to be adapted to the respective requirements. If, for example, vessels of very different sizes and masses are to be transported in a system, it may be necessary to change the grippers in the process sequence. Robots have long been used in many industrial applications. Classic industrial robots are characterized by high payloads that are not required in normal everyday laboratory work. They are usually associated with high costs and, due to the speed and resulting forces, require safety devices such as enclosures or light curtains. This requires additional space and makes it difficult to access automation systems. A new class of robots has increasingly been developed in recent years; cobots (collaborative robots) are lightweight robots that do not work separately from humans but rather work together with humans [2]. The name \"cobot\" is a bit misleading, as there are rarely cases of real collaboration between humans and robots in laboratory operations. Coexistence is more common; here, humans and robots do not have a common working space but work in close proximity without a protective space. Cooperation is achieved when humans and robots share the work space but work at different times. Due to a lighter construction, a construction without corners and edges, as well as lower operating speeds, collisions between humans and robots lead to fewer injuries compared with industrial robots. In addition, they have additional safety precautions that can, among other things, detect approaching people and then stop the systems from operating. Some systems also have touch-sensitive surfaces that can even detect slight collisions. Current versions of the ISO 10218 Part 1/2 and ISO/TS 15066 standards also define the safety requirements for collaborative robots [3; 4; 5]. The payload of cobots is usually limited and is typically in the range of up to 10 kg. The speed is lowered to a max of 250 mm/s compared with industrial robots. Thus, safety precautions such as enclosures and light barriers are not required. In addition, the compact structure and size requires less space. Cobots are offered by numerous manufacturers worldwide. The most important players in this market segment include ABB (Zurich, Switzerland), Denso (Kariya, Japan), Doosan Robotics (Suwon, Korea), Fanuc (Oshino, Japan), Franka Emika (Munich, Germany), Kassow Robots (Kastrup, Denmark), Kuka (Augsburg, Germany), Neura Robotics (Metzingen, Germany), Omron (Kyoto, Japan), Staubli (Pfaffikon, Switzerland) and Universal Robots (Odense, Denmark). Stationary robots are permanently installed and can only work in a geometrically limited work area. The size and shape of the work area depend on the respective robot type. Mobile robots, on the other hand, move in a (theoretically) unlimited workspace that can be characterized by changing environmental conditions. In contrast to stationary robotics, the working and collision areas of a mobile robot are not precisely defined. The work space can be very large; it is also subject to constant changes. The term \"mobile robot\" describes a robot that can move freely in an unrestricted space.