## 3 The Results
### Results of the Literature Review
Furthermore, improving the methods for monitoring and predicting residual charge will be crucial to improving the reliability of V2G systems [27]. Research should also address how various charging infrastructures can be adapted to support efficient V2G operations, considering both residential and commercial settings. Collaboration between researchers, industry stakeholders, and policy makers will be essential for developing and implementing solutions that maximize the benefits of V2G technology. _User behaviors and preferences_  
This topic explores how EV owners interact with V2G systems and the factors that influence their decisions to participate in and use these technologies. This includes analyzing the motivations of users to join or avoid V2G programs, such as economic considerations, convenience, and concerns about battery longevity. User behavior models significantly impact the effectiveness of V2G systems [31] as high and well-managed participation can optimize the benefits of the grid and improve energy efficiency. Recent studies have identified that economic incentives, ease of integration, and transparency of benefits are crucial in promoting user participation in V2G programs. Research on user behavior and preferences in V2G systems has been conducted predominantly in countries such as the United Kingdom, Germany, China, and the United States, where electric mobility and V2G technologies are more widespread. Research indicates that most users are attracted by the potential economic savings and environmental benefits of V2G but often express concerns about battery wear and the complexity of charging operations. In addition, the ease of use and availability of an adequate infrastructure are key factors in the adoption of V2G. Studies show a significant variability in preferences, and some users are more willing to participate in V2G if incentivized by dynamic pricing or reward programs. To improve the adoption of V2G, future research should focus on a deeper understanding of user motivations, developing predictive models that anticipate long-term behaviors and preferences. It is crucial to explore communication strategies that educate and inform users about the benefits of V2G, as well as to improve the user experience through more intuitive interfaces and reduced operational complexities. Furthermore, the implementation of V2G will require policies that encourage active participation, such as discounted charging and energy return rates, along with the development of a widely available and user-friendly charging infrastructure. This holistic approach could help overcome barriers to V2G adoption and promote a more broad and more informed participation. _Socio-demographic factors_  
This topic explores how the sociodemographic and psychological characteristics of the users influence the adoption and use of V2G technology. These factors include age, income, education level, and attitudes toward technology and the environment, all of which shape the users' decisions to participate in V2G programs. Numerous studies have been developed primarily in countries of advanced electric mobility, such as Germany, the United States, and in the Nordic region, to examine the impact of sociodemographic and psychological factors on the adoption of V2G [32]. Research has highlighted that younger users, those with higher education levels, and those with higher income are generally more inclined to adopt innovative technologies such as V2G. Psychological aspects, such as the perception of control over one's energy and environmental concerns, play a significant role in motivating participation. However, skepticism towards technology and lack of knowledge can hinder adoption, especially among older demographics or those with lower educational levels. To improve the adoption of V2G, it is necessary to deepen our understanding of the sociodemographic and psychological variables that influence user behaviors.