## 3 Results
### Objective 7: To Propose a Model of Analysis of the Markers of Cognitive Load  
The results found in testing Objectives 1-6 are summarised in Table 11.  
We propose a model for analysing cognitive load indicators that considers the following components. Component 1 includes the cognitive load indicators of position, durations and amplitudes of fixations and saccades, and pupil diameter; Component 2 includes cognitive load indicators of velocity; Component 3 includes indicators of psychogalvanic response and skin conductance; and Component 4 includes the pre-task presentation \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{l c c c c} \hline \hline
**Source** & **Indicators** & **F** & **df** & \(p\) & \(\eta^{2}\) \\ \hline Display 1 (no preview vs. display) & Mean duration & 25.17 & 2 & 0.00 * & 0.55 \\  & Fixation point X & 17.25 & 2 & 0.00 * & 0.45 \\  & Fixation point Y & 16.90 & 2 & 0.00 * & 0.45 \\  & Average pupil diameter & 54.18 & 2 & 0.00 * & 0.72 \\  & Saccade direction & 30.31 & 2 & 0.00 * & 0.59 \\  & Average velocity & 6.79 & 2 & 0.00 * & 0.24 \\  & Peak velocity & 10.48 & 2 & 0.00 * & 0.33 \\  & Saccade amplitude & 21.68 & 2 & 0.00 * & 0.51 \\  & Average GSR & 0.31 & 2 & 0.74 & 0.01 \\  & SCR count & 0.32 & 2 & 0.73 & 0.02 \\  & Results test & 0.21 & 2 & 0.81 & 0.01 \\ \hline Visualisation 2 (visual–auditory vs. visual) & Mean duration & 0.37 & 1 & 0.55 & 0.01 \\  & Fixation point X & 2.21 & 1 & 0.15 & 0.05 \\  & Fixation point Y & 2.26 & 1 & 0.14 & 0.05 \\  & Average pupil diameter & 0.40 & 1 & 0.53 & 0.01 \\  & Saccade direction & 2.27 & 1 & 0.14 & 0.05 \\  & Average velocity & 1.35 & 1 & 0.25 & 0.03 \\  & Peak velocity & 1.07 & 1 & 0.31 & 0.02 \\  & Saccade amplitude & 1.30 & 1 & 0.26 & 0.03 \\  & Average GSR & 1.62 & 1 & 0.21 & 0.04 \\  & SCR count & 1.54 & 1 & 0.22 & 0.04 \\  & Results test & 0.08 & 1 & 0.77 & 0.00 \\ \hline Interaction Visualisation 1 * Visualisation 2 & Mean duration & 0.90 & 2 & 0.41 & 0.04 \\  & Fixation point X & 2.97 & 2 & 0.06 & 0.12 \\  & Fixation point Y & 2.21 & 2 & 0.12 & 0.10 \\  & Average pupil diameter & 0.52 & 2 & 0.60 & 0.02 \\  & Saccade direction & 0.70 & 2 & 0.50 & 0.03 \\  & Average velocity & 1.79 & 2 & 0.18 & 0.08 \\  & Peak velocity & 2.01 & 2 & 0.15 & 0.09 \\  & Saccade amplitude & 0.58 & 2 & 0.56 & 0.03 \\  & Average GSR & 0.57 & 2 & 0.57 & 0.03 \\  & SCR count & 0.25 & 2 & 0.78 & 0.01 \\  & Results test & 0.10 & 2 & 0.90 & 0.00 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}  
* \(p<0.05\). Note. GSR = galvanic skin response, SCR = skin conductance responses; df = degree of freedom; \(\eta^{2}\) = eta-squared effect size, where values were interpreted according to [PERSON] [67]: below 0.20 is no effect, between 0.21 and 0.49 is a small effect, between 0.50 and 0.69 is a moderate effect, and \(\geq\)0.7 is a large effect.  
\end{table} 
Table 10: Multivariate two-factor fixed effects analysis. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{l c c c c} \hline \hline
**Metacognitive** & & & & **Shapiro–Wilk test** & \\ \cline{3-5}
**Strategies** & **Groups** & & **Statistic** & **df** & \(p\) \\ \hline Self-knowledge & 1 & 0.96 & 21 & 0.53 \\  & 2 & 0.90 & 10 & 0.23 \\  & 3 & 0.91 & 17 & 0.10 \\ \hline Planning & 1 & 0.92 & 21 & 0.08 \\  & 2 & 0.86 & 10 & 0.08 \\  & 3 & 0.89 & 17 & 0.04 \\ \hline Self-Evaluation & 1 & 0.91 & 21 & 0.05 \\  & 2 & 0.97 & 10 & 0.86 \\  & 3 & 0.791 & 17 & 0.09 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}  
* \(p<0.05\). Note: df = degree of freedom.  
\end{table} 
Table 9: Shapiro–Wilk normality test. characteristics and single or multi-channel presentation. A representation of the model is shown in Figure S5. A goodness-of-fit index analysis was then performed to check the fit of the model. The proposed model obtained a better fit in the different fit indices than the stand-alone model (see Table 12). However, the fit was not optimal in some indices, such as RMSE. Figure 7 shows a representation of the model.