# Internet of Spacecraft for Multi-Planetary Defense and Prosperity
## 5 Multi-Planetary Detection, Communications, and Defense: Live Long and Prosper
### Equipping the SCADN with Mitigation Technologies
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Energy** & **Approach** & **Strategy** & **Key Technology and Features** & **Example** & **Comments** \\ \hline \multirow{9}{*}{Stand-off approach} & & & & In [88], a number of modified Saturn V \\  & & & Denotation at & Project Icarus & rockets and creation of nuclear explosive \\  & & 20-m or greater & MIT Students [88]; & devices in the 100- \\  & & and & stand-off height; & megaton energy range; \\  & & 10–100 times more & NASA’s asteroid & In [159], the conceptual \\  & & & effective than the & Interceptor & spacecraft contains six \\  & & & non-nuclear & “Crable spacecraft” & B83 physics packages \\  & & & alternatives & in [159] & with each set for 1.2- \\  & & & & megaton yield and & and to be detonated \\  & & & & over a 100–m height. \\ \hline \multirow{9}{*}{Nuclear Device} & & Creation of a conceptual & HAIV can cope with & HAIV can generate high \\  & & Hypervelocity Asteroid & objects when the & degree of efficiency in \\  & & & Intercept Vehicle & time to Earth impact & the conversion of the \\  & & & & is less than one & nuclear energy \\  & & & which combines a & year [160]; & that is released in \\  & & & kinetic impactor to & With a warning time & the detonation into \\  & & & create an initial crater & of 30 days, a 300–m & propulsion energy \\  & & & & wide asteroid can be & to the asteroid; \\  & & & subsurface nuclear & neutralized by a single & It may run an increased \\  & & & detonation within & HAIV with less than 0.1\% & risk of fracturing the \\  & & & that initial crater & of the PHO’s mass [161] & target NEO. \\ \hline \multirow{9}{*}{Kinetic Impact} & & Interception & One-gigaton & Instantly vaporize \\  & & and & nuclear explosive & Dr. [PERSON] & a 1-km asteroid \\  & & and & device weighting & proposed in 1995 & or divert a 10-km one; \\  & & & 25–30 tons, & Planetary Defense & It can cope with short- \\  & & & lifted on super- & workshop [162] & period comets escaping \\  & & & heavy rocket & from the Kuiper belt. \\ \hline \multirow{9}{*}{Kinetic Impact} & & & & NEOShield-2 & The DART impact will \\  & & & & mission from ESA [163]; & occur in October 2022 \\  & & & & a collision course & Detection Assessment & and allow Earth-based \\  & & & to knock off & (AIDA) missions of ESA/ & telescopes and planetary \\  & & & & NASA, DART launched & radar to observe \\  & & & & in November 2021 [7, 164] & the event. \\ \hline \multirow{9}{*}{Asteroid Gravity} & & & A massive unmanned & & \\  & & small but & Rendezvous & spacecraft hovering & \\  & & & over an asteroid to & & \\  & & constant & and provide & gravitationally pull & \\  & & & the asteroid into a & proposed [165] & to decades of duration \\  & & & non-threatening orbit & & might be required. \\ \hline \multirow{9}{*}{Focused Solar Energy} & & & Construction of remote & Proposed in [166]; & In [167], 5000 times the \\  & & energy onto & station and & station with large & Ring-array collector & sunlight concentration, \\  & & & concave mirrors, & size is 0.5 PHO’s & 1000-N thrusting effect, \\  & & & concentration is scalable & diameter [167] & forming gas flow. \\ \hline \multirow{9}{*}{Asteroid Laser Ablation} & & Focus laser & Rendezvous & Concentrate laser & First proposed in [168]; & Ref. [169] phased-array laser \\  & & onto PHO’s and trajectory & energy to cause flash & Project DE-STAR, & about 1 km squared, \\  & & & vaporization/ablation & proposed [169] & launched in increments \\  & & & with reaction force & & assembled in space. \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{Ion Beam Shepherd} & Pointing ion & Interception & Use the momentum & & A 5-ton space debris can \\  & & & transmitted by a low- & be deorbited in about 7 \\ \cline{1-1}  & & & divergence (\textless{15 deg}) & & \\ \cline{1-1}  & & & accelerated ion beam & & \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 2: A summary of representative mitigation technologies.