# Nanomaterials' Influence on the Performance of Thermal Insulating Mortars--A Statistical Analysis
## 2 Materials and Methods
### General Considerations
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Date** & **Variable** & **Abbreviation** & **Unit** & **Testing Procedure** \\ \hline \multirow{8}{*}{Fresh} & Powder bulk density & Bar & g\(\cdot\)cm\({}^{-3}\) & EN 1015-2 [55] \\  & Consistency & Cons & mm & EN 1015-3 [56] \\  & Bulk-density fresh state & BD\({}_{\text{F}}\) & g\(\cdot\)cm\({}^{-3}\) & EN 1015-6 [57] \\  & Ratio water: powder & w/p & - & - \\  & Air content & AC & \% & EN 1015-7 [58] \\ \hline \multirow{8}{*}{Hardened} & Adhesion & fu & MPa & EN 1015-12 [59] \\  & Bulk-density hardened state & BD\({}_{\text{H}}\) & g\(\cdot\)cm\({}^{-3}\) & EN 1015-11 [60] \\  & Dynamic modulus elasticity & Ed & MPa & ASTM E 1876-01 [61] \\  & Compressive strength & fc & MPa & EN 1015-11 [60] \\  & Flexural strength & ft & MPa & EN 1015-11 [60] \\ \hline \multirow{8}{*}{Hardened} & Capillary water absorption & w & kg\(\cdot\)m\({}^{-2}\) & EN 1015-18 [62] \\  & Thermal conductivity at 10 \({}^{\circ}\)C, 28 days & \(\lambda_{10^{\circ}\text{C}\text{-}\text{28 days}}\) & W-m\({}^{-1}\cdot\)K\({}^{-1}\) & EN 1745 [54] \\  & Thermal conductivity at 10 \({}^{\circ}\)C, dry state & \(\lambda_{10^{\circ}\text{C}\text{-}\text{dry}}\) & W-m\({}^{-1}\cdot\)K\({}^{-1}\) & EN 1745 [54] \\  & Liquid water permeability & TK & kg\(\cdot\)m\({}^{-2}\cdot\)min\({}^{-0.5}\) & LNEC FE939.1 [63] \\  & Water vapour permeance & \(\Lambda\) & kg\(\cdot\)m\({}^{-2}\cdot\)s\({}^{-1}\cdot\)Pa\({}^{-1}\) & EN 1015-19 [64] \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular} Note to Table 1: The values refer to 20 \({}^{\circ}\)C and 65% relative humidity (RH), except where stated.  
\end{table} 
Table 1: Variables’ descriptions. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c} \hline \hline
**Documents** & **Type of Formulation** & \begin{tabular}{c} **Thermal Insulation** \\ **Aggregates Used** \\ \end{tabular} & **References** \\ \hline L1 to L5 & \begin{tabular}{c} Research works \\ (laboratory) \\ \end{tabular} & Silica aerogel & [25; 65; 66; 67; 68; 69; 70; 71; 72; 73] \\ \hline S1 to S9 & \begin{tabular}{c} Research works \\ (semi-industrial) \\ \end{tabular} & Silica aerogel with others & [25; 66; 67; 68; 69; 26; 25; 69] \\ \hline II to I21 & \
\begin{tabular}{c} Industrial product \\ (industrial) \\ \end{tabular} &
\begin{tabular}{c} EPS, cork, perlite, \\ silica aerogel \\ \end{tabular} & [74; 75; 76; 77; 78; 79; 80; 81; 82; 83; 84] \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 2: References and type of formulations used. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Reference** & **Bar** & **Cons** & **BDF** & **w/p** & **AC** & **fu** & **BDB** & **Ed** & **fc** & **fit** & **W** & \(\lambda_{\text{MFC-Medays}}\) & \(\lambda_{\text{MFC-Ldd}}\) & **TK** & A \\ \hline L1 & \(-\)1.557 & \(-\)0.160 & \(-\)1.686 & 1.561 & 1.695 & \(-\)0.736 & \(-\)1.624 & \(-\)1.390 & \(-\)1.005 & \(-\)1.432 & \(-\)0.431 & \(-\)1.446 & \(-\)0.978 & 0.754 & \(-\)0.050 \\
16 & 1.474 & \(-\)0.298 & 1.210 & \(-\)0.450 & \(-\)0.357 & \(-\)0.736 & 1.206 & 0.643 & 0.281 & 0.960 & 0.989 & 0.971 & 1.333 & \(-\)0.637 & \(-\)0.256 \\ S7 & \(-\)0.393 & \(-\)1.475 & \(-\)0.768 & 0.390 & \(-\)1.053 & \(-\)0.973 & \(-\)0.366 & \(-\)1.208 & \(-\)0.973 & \(-\)1.432 & \(-\)0.474 & \(-\)0.727 & \(-\)0.490 & \(-\)0.615 & \(-\)0.440 \\ L21 & 0.873 & 0.878 & 0.316 & \(-\)1.621 & 0.027 & 1.516 & 0.462 & \(-\)2.226 & \(-\)0.049 & \(-\)0.030 & 0.257 & \(-\)0.353 & \(-\)0.166 & \(-\)0.464 & \(-\)1.000 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 3: Example of the standardisation matrix obtained for some of the formulations.