## 2 The Influence of Piston Pump Vibrations on the Drive of Hydraulic Cylinders
For large and powerful cylinders, a high flow rate and pressure are essential to overcome the significant loads and achieve the desired movement. By varying the flow rate and pressure, hydraulic pumps allow precise control over the speed and force exerted by the hydraulic cylinder. Figure 2: Segmental shutter cylinder with support. TrestGidromontaz, Russia. Experiment: 2016. Electrohydraulic systems for manipulation 5 segmental closures on the overflow fields of the dam and 4 fast pre-turbine shutters at the entrance building. This is critical in applications where exact positioning or force application is necessary. Hydraulic pumps transmit energy through the hydraulic fluid, which is then used by the hydraulic cylinder to perform work, such as lifting heavy loads, pressing, or moving large machinery parts. In applications involving large hydraulic cylinders, such as construction equipment (e.g., excavators, cranes), industrial presses, and heavy machinery, the pump must provide sufficient hydraulic power to move large loads. This requires pumps capable of delivering high pressure and large volumes of fluid. The efficient operation of hydraulic pumps is essential for the overall efficiency of the hydraulic system. This includes minimizing energy losses due to heat and ensuring that the system operates within optimal pressure and flow ranges to prevent damage and wear. The hydraulic pumps used in large systems must be robust and reliable, capable of withstanding continuous operation under high loads and harsh conditions. This ensures the longevity and consistent performance of the hydraulic cylinders and the entire hydraulic system. Piston pumps are capable of generating very high pressures and flow rates, ideal for large and powerful hydraulic systems. High-pressure pulsations from piston axial pumps can have a significant impact on the operation of hydraulic cylinders, leading to issues such as increased vibration, system instability, component wear, reduced efficiency, and control challenges. Mitigating these effects requires a combination of design improvements, damping devices, proper system layout, and regular maintenance. By addressing the sources and consequences of pressure pulsations, the performance and reliability of hydraulic systems can be significantly enhanced. Piston pump vibrations can adversely affect the operation of hydraulic cylinders, leading to mechanical wear, system instability, reduced efficiency, and increased noise. Effective mitigation strategies include using vibration dampers and isolators, employing advanced pump designs, ensuring proper mounting and installation, and maintaining regular system checks. By addressing the root causes of vibrations and implementing these strategies, the performance and reliability of hydraulic systems can be significantly enhanced. The influence of suction pressure (pu) on the gradient of pressure increase in the cylinder is shown in Figure 3, where steeper pressure gradients correspond to higher suction pressures. The size of the pressure pulsations in the pressure chamber is also affected by the suction pressure, in that lower suction pressures correspond to larger pulsations (Figure 4). Figure 3: The influence of suction pressure \(p_{u}\) on the gradient of pressure increase in the cylinder, \(p_{c}\).