# Plant-Derived Bioactive Compounds for Rhabdomyosarcoma Therapy In Vitro: A Systematic Review
## 4 Discussion
The IC\({}_{50}\) value of the extract was 139 \(\pm\) 0.54 \(\upmu\)g/mL, while the IC\({}_{50}\) value of cyclophosphamide smoke was 0.97 \(\pm\) 0.03 \(\upmu\)g/mL. Despite having a higher IC\({}_{50}\), the extract proved, in vitro, to be 143 times less toxic than cyclophosphamide [53]. In addition, the methanol extract contains a high amount of flavonoids and phenols, which give it antioxidant properties. In addition to extracts of plant origin, there are extracts from the Kingdom of Fungi with antitumor activity in RMS or marine species like _Anemonia sulcata_ with antitumoral activity against colon cancer [63]. In, _Lenzites quercetin_, whose extract was obtained fromits fruits using ethanol, presents antitumor activity against RSM in vitro. The cell lines used were RD, VERO, and HeLa (Human cervical cancer cells). The IC\({}_{50}\) value of various extracts was between 0.11 ug/mL and 623 ug/mL, with the most effective being the ethyl acetate extract not fermented in HELA, although in the VERO cell line (healthy cells) high doses are needed to achieve cytotoxicity of this extract. In RD cells, the most effective IC\({}_{50}\) was 0.46 ug/mL of the fermented ethanol extract, and the least effective was that of unfermented ethyl acetate (18.57 ug/mL) [64]. Another new therapeutic tool that has been included in this systematic review is the possibility of using nanoparticles against RMS. Nanoparticles are a new field of research in nanobiotechnology since they have potential applications in biomedicine. They have mainly been designed to transport drugs to specific tissues of the human body. In their use against tumor cells, they present several advantages concerning the traditional chemotherapy drugs, like greater permeability to cross-cell membranes due to their small size, biocompatibility, longer drug release time, less degradation of the drug, and toxicity of healthy cells because they specifically target malignant cells [65; 66]. There are various biocompatible materials with which nanoparticles are developed, highlighting silver nanoparticles that have shown they are not toxic to human cells while they are toxic to bacteria or fungi. Therefore, they could have antimicrobial and antifungal effects [65]. In this case, nanoparticles are of interest due to their possible antitumor effect. Many studies have documented that biomolecules from plant extracts are useful for the formation of nanoparticles [66; 67; 68; 69]. In this review, three articles were included in which the effectiveness of the extract and the nanoparticles were compared. Nanoparticles from _Tecoma stans_ branches showed the best results against RD [39]. Nanoparticles are not only used against RMS but also in numerous types of tumors. This is the case of a recent article that studied silver nanoparticles from the methanol extract from the leaves and flowers of _Tecoma stans_. In this study, the antiproliferative effect was studied in vitro against colorectal cancer cells, concluding that it could be a potential antitumor tool. In addition, it presented antimicrobial and antioxidant effects. Likewise, its authors highlight the importance of carrying out in vivo studies that corroborate this [70]. Nanoparticles from the _Datura suaveolens_ leaf extract [51] also demonstrated a tumor effect in vitro against RD, a cell line with a low IC\({}_{50}\) value. However, there are no assays in other cell lines that can corroborate this effect. Another article that studied nanoparticles in the RD was the one that used the aerial parts of _Tradescantia pallida_. Better results were obtained with nanoparticles from the methanol extract of _Tradescantia pallida_ than with the free extract [37]. However, when compared with the literature on the subject, there are no studies that analyze the antitumor effect of this plant on other cell lines. There is only one article that has analyzed the antibacterial and antioxidant effects of using the leaves of this plant to form nanoparticles [71].