## 3 Results
### Kinematic Parameters  
The transverse hip range of motion (ROM) significantly increased during the gait cycle as a whole after CLS compared to before for both the right and left sides. However, the flexion angle increased noticeably only in the right hip, while the left hip had a visible grown adduction angle during the walking after CLS. As whole, the ROM in coronal plane increased roughly 12% due to the CLS with valgus posture in the knee and 5% due to the abducting posture in the hip as in Figure 3 and Table 3. It is found that hip rotation in transverse plane is most significantly increased. Considering the knee kinematics, all the right and left knee joint ROM in the sagittal plane (Flexion/Extension) declined noticeably during the walking after CLS compared to before. However, the knee joint ROM in the coronal plane (Valgus/Varus) and transverse plane (Medial/Lateral Rotation) increased significantly after CLS on both the right and left sides after CLS compared to before, as in Table 4 and Figure 4, where it is found that knee rotation in the transverse plane is significantly shifted. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c} \hline \hline  & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Mean SD**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Minimum**} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{**Maximum**} \\ \hline Gender (M/F) & 30 (15/15) & & & \\ \hline Body mass (kg) & 70.42 & 3.52 & 42.40 & 123 \\ \hline Height (cm) & 167 & 1.54 & 150 & 185 \\ \hline BMI (km/m\({}^{2}\)) & 25.06 & 1.04 & 16.77 & 41.87 \\ \hline Age (years) & 26.86 & 0.86 & 20 & 39 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 1: Demographic measures. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Parameter** & **Side** & **Mean** & **Std. Error** & **Sig.** \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{Cadence (step/min)} & Left & After CLS & 110.388 & 0.504 & \(p\) \(<\) 0.001 *** \\  & Right & After CLS & 103.760 & 0.414 & \\ \cline{2-5}  & Right & After CLS & 110.511 & 0.474 & \(p\) \(<\) 0.001 *** \\  & & Before CLS & 104.297 & 0.407 & \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{Walking Speed (m/s)} & Left & After CLS & 1.149 & 0.006 & \(p\) \(<\) 0.001 *** \\  & & Before CLS & 1.081 & 0.005 & \\ \cline{2-5}  & Right & After CLS & 1.152 & 0.006 & \(p\) \(<\) 0.001 *** \\  & & Before CLS & 1.085 & 0.005 & \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{Stride Length (m)} & Left & After CLS & 1.248 & 0.002 & 0.521 \\  & Left & Before CLS & 1.249 & 0.002 & \\ \cline{2-5}  & Right & After CLS & 1.250 & 0.003 & 0.238 \\  & & Before CLS & 1.247 & 0.002 & \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{Step Length (m)} & Left & After CLS & 0.632 & 0.001 & 0.242 \\  & & Before CLS & 0.630 & 0.001 & \\ \cline{2-5}  & Right & After CLS & 0.630 & 0.002 & 0.202 \\  & & Before CLS & 0.628 & 0.001 & \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{Stride Time (s)} & Left & After CLS & 1.102 & 0.005 & \(p\) \(<\) 0.001 *** \\  & & Before CLS & 1.169 & 0.004 & \\ \cline{2-5}  & Right & After CLS & 1.099 & 0.004 & \(p\) \(<\) 0.001 *** \\  & & Before CLS & 1.162 & 0.004 & \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{Step Time (s)} & Left & After CLS & 0.555 & 0.003 & \(p\) \(<\) 0.001 *** \\  & & Before CLS & 0.590 & 0.002 & \\ \cline{2-5}  & Right & After CLS & 0.582 & 0.002 & \\ \hline \end{tabular} Note: *** \(p\) \(<\) 0.001, ** \(p\) \(<\) 0.01, * \(p\) \(<\) 0.05 for all tables.  
\end{table} 
Table 2: Temporospatial parameters. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Plane** & **Side** & **Mean (Degree)** & **Std. Error** & **95\% Confidence Interval** & **Sig.