## 3 Results  
As presented in the PRISMA 2020-flow diagram (Figure 1), from the 359 records identified by the initial literature searches, 353 were excluded and 6 articles were included (Table 1). The quality of the studies was assessed using the PEDro scale and the risk of bias 2 (RoB-2) tool, which evaluates bias across five domains in randomized controlled trials (Table 2). Figure 1: Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses 2020 (PRISMA) flow-diagram. An overview of the included studies evaluating cueing interventions in Parkinson's disease, focusing on participant demographics, outcome measures, interventions, baseline outcomes, and follow-up results, follows. The results from the six included studies consistently demonstrate that cueing interventions, particularly auditory and visual cues, can improve gait parameters, balance, and stability in individuals with Parkinson's disease (PD). [PERSON] et al. (2007) [30] showed significant improvements in the walking speed and step length following a 3-week home-based cueing program, with early intervention groups experiencing sustained benefits even after training cessation. Similarly, [PERSON] et al. (2011) [37] reported  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Author** & **Study Design** & **Participants** & **Outcome Measures** & **Interventions** & **Baseline Outcomes** & **Follow-Up Results** \\ \hline [PERSON] et al., 2007 [29] & RCT & \ \begin{tabular}{c} Early intervention \\ (n = 76), age: 67.5 \\ (61.5-72), M/ F: 48/2, H& K\%: 2.5 (2.5-3) \\ \end{tabular}  &
\begin{tabular}{c} Primary outcomes: \\ PG score, \\ PVG  
superior gains in gait speed and step length when treadmill training was combined with music-based auditory cues, outperforming treadmill-only groups. These findings highlight the effectiveness of rhythmic auditory cues in optimizing gait performance. Visual cueing also showed positive, though less pronounced, results. For example, [PERSON] et al. (2013) [PERSON] et al. (2013) found modest improvements in the step length and speed when visual cues were employed during walking tasks, although the observed benefits were not as substantial as those achieved with auditory cues in other studies. This observation aligns with the results from [PERSON] et al. (2015) [PERSON] et al. (2015), where the participants who received acoustic cues demonstrated more significant gains in walking speed compared to those who used visual cues. These findings suggest that auditory cues may exert a more robust effect on temporal gait parameters, such as walking speed and cadence, than visual cues. Regarding balance and stability, studies consistently demonstrated that cueing interventions could enhance dynamic balance, although their effects on static balance were less clear. [PERSON] et al. (2019) [PERSON] et al. (2019) [PERSON] et al. (2020) reported significant improvements in Functional Gait Assessment (FGA), the Berg Balance Scale (BBS), and Mini BESTest scores, particularly in the groups utilizing rhythmic auditory stimuli. These results indicate that auditory cueing may facilitate postural control and dynamic stability, which are crucial for reducing fall risk in PD. However, static balance improvements, such as those measured by single-leg stance or functional reach tests, were less consistent across studies. The authors' interpretation of these findings emphasizes the specific benefits of cueing interventions on gait and dynamic balance, with auditory cues showing the most substantial effects. While visual cues provide some improvements, particularly in spatial guidance during gait, auditory rhythms appear to better synchronize movement patterns and enhance walking regularity. Furthermore, structured and supervised interventions, as observed in [PERSON] et al. (2020) [PERSON] et al. (2020), produced longer-lasting benefits compared to home-based or less intensive programs.