## 4 Discussion
(2006) [28] demonstrated that the porosity (60% \(\pm\) 80%)and pore size (0.1-1 mm, granulated) of CaP matrices facilitated good bone integration and appropriate biodegradation. [PERSON] et al. (2017) [31] observed the most significant bone formation associated with \(\beta\)-TCP scaffolds with pore sizes ranging from 400 to 700 \(\upmu\)m, compared to PTMC scaffolds with 200-435 \(\upmu\)m pore sizes. This suggests that scaffolds with larger pores may be more effective in promoting bone regeneration. However, determining the optimal pore size for a bone regeneration scaffold requires a more comprehensive analysis, as it depends on various factors, including the type of application, the specific biological environment, and the characteristics of the biomaterial. Based on the reviewed studies and considering that intermediate-sized pores seem to promote favorable biological responses, we infer that pore sizes in the 300-400 \(\upmu\)m range are particularly promising [26; 30; 31; 33]. Consequently, scaffolds with pore sizes ranging from medium to large (400-700 \(\upmu\)m) appear to support more efficient bone formation. Furthermore, [PERSON] et al. (2019) [30] suggest that pores within the 300-400 \(\upmu\)m range are associated with the upregulation of genes related to osteogenesis and angiogenesis. However, it is essential to note that the ideal pore size may vary depending on patient-specific factors, the location of the bone defect, and the properties of the biomaterial. Based on the methodologies and results presented by each author, several correlations and trends can be identified in the biomechanical characteristics of scaffolds used for bone regeneration. Studies show that adding BMP [26] and ceramic materials such as HA/TCP [27] enhances the mechanical strength of the scaffolds, bringing their properties closer to those of native bone. The interaction of these materials with the biological environment is also crucial for improving mechanical properties, as observed in the studies by [PERSON] et al. (2009) [33] and [PERSON] et al. (2019) [30]. Their analysis highlights that scaffold strength can be significantly enhanced when implanted in the body. For example, Ca-P ceramics demonstrate a remarkable improvement in strength due to biological integration, whereas BCP exhibits superior mechanical fixation compared to HA, which is crucial for implant stability. There is a relationship between porosity and mechanical strength, where higher porosities may reduce strength but promote bone regeneration by providing a larger interface area for vascularization and bone growth [45]. Pore size also appears to be an important factor, with sizes around 300-400 \(\upmu\)m being effective for promoting bone regeneration without significantly compromising strength [26]. The compressive and bending strengths of Ca-P ceramics increased significantly after implantation in muscle in the study by [PERSON] et al. (2009) [33], which also utilized scaffolds with 300-400 \(\upmu\)m pores, indicating that the in vivo process enhanced the mechanical properties. A porosity of 60% can be considered intermediate, thus providing a good balance between mechanical strength and bone regeneration. The Ca-P ceramic benefited from the integration of both organic and inorganic components, which helped increase its strength [33]. [PERSON] et al. (2021) [26] used scaffolds with porosities of 63.7% \(\pm\) 4.0% (PLGA/TCP) and 74.2% \(\pm\) 2.2% (TCP). The higher porosity observed for TCP (74.2%) may have reduced the mechanical strength, as evidenced by the comparison between TCP and PLGA/TCP scaffolds (63.7%). Adding BMPs may have improved cell adhesion and mineralization, potentially increasing the material's strength. According to [PERSON] et al. (2022) [45], BMPs have significant chondrogenic, osteogenic, and tendinous activity.