# A Review of Road Design for Wind Farms in China
## 5 Research on Water and Soil Loss
### Influencing Factors of Water and Soil Loss of Wind Power  
There are two main factors causing water and soil loss. One is the natural factor, which is caused by wind and water erosion. One is the human factor, which is the water and soil loss caused by the destruction of the surface and vegetation caused by human production and living activities. Some scholars have conducted the following research on the causes of water and soil loss.  
[PERSON] [37], taking the Dafushan Wind Power Plant in Kangping County as an example, analyzed the factors causing water and soil loss of the wind power project, which mainly include the following 1. The excavation of the foundation trench in the generator unit and box transformer area, piling, temporary stacking of spoil, building construction, stacking of equipment and materials, burying of transmission lines, etc., which exposed the ground, damaged the topsoil, and damaged the original surface. 2. The stacking of construction materials at the construction and equipment storage sites occupies the ground, damages the vegetation on the ground, and causes water and soil loss. 3. Tower foundation cleaning, leveling, excavation, tower burying, transmission line erection, etc. in the transmission line area, resulting in surface damage and destruction of the original ground surface. 4. Excavation of the foundation trench of the booster station, piling, temporary stacking of spoil, building construction, and stacking of equipment and materials will expose the ground, damage the topsoil, and destroy the original surface. 5. Disturbance of the surface and soil layer structure during road construction. The vegetation is damaged, resulting in excavation and cushion slope in some exposed sections.  
Taking the Jianggongling Wind Power Project as the engineering background, [PERSON] [38] analyzed the factors causing water and soil loss from different project components according to the type and nature of the project site, project layout and construction sequence, and disturbance characteristics, which mainly includes the following. 1. Site leveling (including excavation and filling slope), foundation excavation, material stacking and handling, mechanical rolling and equipment hoisting, and temporary soil storage in the wind turbine control area. 2. Site leveling of the booster station in the control area of the power transmission and transformation project (including excavation and filling slope), foundation excavation, transmission line burial, and tower hoisting; a large amount of earthwork excavation and backfilling of subgrade in the prevention and control area of road works and trimming of excavated and filled slopes; the leveling in the prevention and control area of temporary construction land, the stacking and handling of equipment and materials, the concrete mixing site, etc. The above construction activities will damage and disturb the original landform, land and plants, reduce the erosion resistance of bare ground, and then induce water and soil loss.  
[PERSON] [39] analyzed the water and soil loss of the Doushan Wind Power Project and found that the main factors causing water and soil loss during the construction period of the wind power project are the following. 1. Site cleaning and leveling, mechanical rolling, etc. 2. Road construction is used to disturb the surface and soil layer structure, causing vegetation damage, and earth rock excavation for the laying of collector lines, causing surface damage and destroying the original landform. The main reason for water and soil loss during the operation period of the wind power project is that the original ecological vegetation has not been restored after the completion of the wind farm construction, resulting in the loss of its original protection function.  
It is not difficult to see that during the construction of wind farms, the surface will inevitably be disturbed, vegetation will be damaged, vegetation coverage and soil erosion resistance will be reduced, and water and soil loss will be induced or aggravated.