## 5 Results  
### Elementary Statistical Parameters  
The mean, median, and modal grain sizes of the samples are reported as 15.6 um, 22.8 um, and 33 um, respectively (Figure 5). These values indicate a general trend of firing-up in the grain sizes. The grain size distributions exhibit relatively similar patterns with negative skewness, indicating an asymmetry towards the finer fractions. The kurtosis values suggest a generally platykurtic distribution, indicating a flatter shape compared to a normal distribution. There is also a notable presence of bimodality or trimodality in the grain size distributions, with only a few samples showing unimodal distributions. Based on the vertical variation of these grain size metrics, core CHA01 can be divided into four main stratigraphic units. Unit 1 (900-869 cm): This unit is dominated by sand (very fine-to-medium) but exhibits high variability. It is a coarsening-up sequence, with the upper part showing the highest mean, median, and mode values (ranging from 64.7 to 332.2 \(\upmu\)m, 76.6 to 474.4 \(\upmu\)m, and 108.8 to 727.8 \(\upmu\)m, respectively), and the lower part having minimal values (ranging from 1.4 to 5.8 \(\upmu\)m, 0.5 to 8.2 \(\upmu\)m, and 0.4 to 6.3 \(\upmu\)m, respectively). Sorting is poor, and skewness and kurtosis show variability, ranging from 0.5 to 0.7 and 0.7 to 1.1, respectively. Unit 2 (868 cm-488 cm): This unit has the lowest grain size values and a high clay content compared to other units. The mean, median, and mode range from 2.4 to 11.9 \(\upmu\)m, 3.2 to 18.6 \(\upmu\)m, and 0.3 to 24.5 \(\upmu\)m, respectively. Grain size distributions in this unit exhibit high sorting values (ranging from 5.3 to 9.3) and low negative skewness values (ranging from \(-\)0.37 to \(-\)0.06). Sorting and skewness show increasing trends from the base to 6.90 m. The samples in this unit are multimodal, and kurtosis is very platykurtic, ranging from 0.6 to 1.1. Unit 3 (487-189 cm): This unit consists of varying degrees of silt and shows a firing-up trend. It can be further divided into two sub-units. Sub-unit 3a (487-290 cm) exhibits the highest mean, median, and modal size values (ranging from 5.5 to 51.7 \(\upmu\)m, 10.9 to 108.5 \(\upmu\)m, and 21.4 to 534.8 \(\upmu\)m, respectively). The sand content remains low (<20%), and the samples are unimodal with highly variable kurtosis values (ranging from platykurtic, 0.6, to 2.3). Sub-unit 3b (289-189 cm) is characterized by increases in silt and clay content, reaching 40% and 50%, respectively. The mean, median, and mode values are lower (ranging from 5.2 to 10.5 \(\upmu\)m, and 10.9 to 10.9 \(\upmu\)m, respectively). The mean, median, and mode values are lower (ranging from 5.2 to 10.5 \(\upmu\)m, and 10.9 to 10.9 \(\upmu\)m,  
13 \(\upmu\)m, 10.7 to 24.9 \(\upmu\)m, and 21.4 to 32.1 \(\upmu\)m, respectively). The particle size profiles of the samples in this sub-unit are quite similar, with very low negative skewness (\(-0.6\) to \(-0.3\)), dominant bimodality, and a generally platykurtic kurtosis value (ranging from 0.5 to 1). Unit 4 (188-0 cm): This unit is composed of medium-to-coarse silt but exhibits an enrichment of fine sands by close to 20%. The mean, median, and modal sizes range from 8.1 to 36.5 \(\upmu\)m, 28 to 48.2 \(\upmu\)m, and 14.1 to 40.4 \(\upmu\)m, respectively. Grain size distributions in this unit indicate a similar pattern with low-to-very low negative values. The analysis of first-order statistical moments (mean, median, and modes) and second-order statistical moments (kurtosis and skewness) suggests that the CHA01 core represents a predominantly homogeneous silty sequence. However, the limitations of these descriptors become apparent in very homogeneous alluvial contexts. While these descriptors provide information about the grain size distribution, they do not provide insights into the sedimentary environment or facilitate interpretation.