## 1 Introduction  
The drastic demand for natural resources has increased drastically in the last century. The reason for this is the large increase in population and rapid progress of green and nano technologies. Population growth also causes a much greater need for energy, food, and natural resources that disappear over time and are not renewed. By switching to sustainable sources such as solar, wind, geothermal, and hydropower, urbanization and urban expansion can provide a light economic profit. However, due to the accelerated consumption of energy sources, climate change will be significantly highlighted, and thus we automatically reach unsustainability. Not long after, the amount of non-renewable natural energy sources, such as rare-earth elements (REE), precious and platinum group metals, and phosphorus and potassium, including fossil sources, will quickly be depleted with the increase in urbanization. The political situation is also not on the positive side of the entire issue. The existing terrestrial resources, which are not evenly distributed throughout the planet, are treatedlocally, not globally, which is against the establishment of World Trade Organization (WHO) regulations [1]. Due to the possession and use of rare natural resources, the countries of the Middle and Far East such as China, Russia, India, Saudi Arabia, etc., are advancing much faster economically compared to the United States and Europe. They own these resources and run the global economic market. There is also an awareness among the countries that their \"precious and globally rare\" energy sources will come to an end very soon. One of the reasons why they are also in the game is to find new sources that are beyond the borders of our planet. Investing in the research and exploration of new destinations in our solar system, where new energy sources will be exploited, represents a new era of competition between economically strong countries. This time, many more of them are in the race compared to the Cold War period when the Russians and the Americans were the only rivals. In our solar system, there are three potential destinations where space resources can be pursued. The first targeted destination will be the Moon, where excavation technologies will be tested, followed by asteroid mining, and finally the planet Mars [2; 3; 4]. This paper is focused on the Lunar exploration scenario. Nowadays, the Moon is experiencing newfound interest four decades after the termination of the Apollo program, with an objective to become a transfer station for exploration and settling outer space soon. It is the best test bed for In Situ Resource Utilization (ISRU) and application of new technologies in the production of consumable products such as water, propellant, and construction materials for the establishment of the first human life experiences on the Moon [5]. In the exploitation of Lunar resources and the settlement race, there are many programs currently ongoing, such as ARTEMIS, with worldwide partners involved. These include the ILRS (International Lunar Research Station) as a joint program between Russian Roscosmos and the Chinese CNSA national space agencies, together with the Chinese Chang'e program, and last but not least the Chandrayaan Program from the Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO) [2; 6; 7; 8; 9; 10]. Different from the past, there are many other private companies interested in exploring the Moon and they do not necessarily come from the space sector. One of them is Rio Tinto, who plans to expand their currently used autonomous mining technology, such as automation, digitization, and advanced data analytics, in planetary mining [11; 12]. For all of them, the main objectives are to find the best solution on how to excavate and use in situ Lunar resources to sustain life and work on the Moon for a long period of time.