## 3 Results
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{l c c c c c c c c c} \hline \hline  & \multicolumn{3}{c}{**10 m**} & \multicolumn{3}{c}{**40 m**} \\ \hline  & **Slow** & **Fast** & \multicolumn{3}{c}{**Slow**} & **Fast** & \multicolumn{3}{c}{**Fast**} \\ \hline
**Kinetic Variable** & **Mean \(\pm\) SD** & **Mean \(\pm\) SD** & **\(p\)** & \(d\)** & **Mean \(\pm\) SD** & **Mean \(\pm\) SD** & **\(p\)** & \(d\)** \\ \hline Maximal Vertical Force 1 &  
Hop ratios did not distinguish (\(p\) < 0.05) between fast and slow groups for sprinting (Table 6). The fast group 5-Hop distance was approximately 72.5% greater than the 3-Hop distance for both the 10 m and 40 m, whereas the slower group differences were 71% across both sprint distances. However, the 3-Hop and 5-Hop \(\mathrm{RSI}_{\mathrm{hor}}\) measures were found to be significantly different between the fast and slow sprinters. The differences between the 3-Hop and 5-Hop \(\mathrm{RSI}_{\mathrm{hor}}\) values of the fastest and slowest groups was \(\sim\)14.5 to 22.5% (\(p\) < 0.001) for both the 10 and 40 m distances. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{l c c c c c c c} \hline  & **Sprint Time (s)** & **Hop Ratio** & \(p\) & **3-Hop \(\mathrm{RSI}_{\mathrm{hor}}\)-\(\mathrm{DIST}\)** & \(p\) & **5-Hop \(\mathrm{RSI}_{\mathrm{hor}}\)-\(\mathrm{DIST}\)** & \(p\) \\ \hline
10 m Sprint & & & & & & & \\ Group 1 (fast) & 1.60 & 1.73 \(\pm\) 0.034 & - & 13.1 \(\pm\) 2.10 & - & \(11.8\pm 1.08\) & - \\ Group 2 (slow) & 1.78 & 1.71 \(\pm\) 0.044 & 0.222 & \(10.5\pm 1.52\) & \(<\)0.001 & \(10.1\pm 1.01\) & \(<\)0.001 \\ \hline
40 m Sprint & & & & & & & \\ Group 1 (fast) & 5.10 & 1.72 \(\pm\) 0.036 & - & 13.8 \(\pm\) 2.20 & - & \(12.8\pm 1.92\) & - \\ Group 2 (slow) & 5.71 & 1.71 \(\pm\) 0.046 & 0.434 & \(10.7\pm 1.55\) & \(<\)0.001 & \(9.9\pm 1.59\) & -0.001 \\ \hline \end{tabular} SD = standard deviation; force variables = N.kg; impulse variables = N.kg \(d\) = Cohen’s \(d\) for effect size.  
\end{table} 
Table 6: The sprint times and hop ratios for groups, separated by 10 and 40 m times. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{l c c c c c c c} \hline  & \multicolumn{3}{c}{**10 m**} & \multicolumn{3}{c}{**40 m**} \\ \cline{2-9}  & **Slow** & **Fast** & & & **Slow** & **Fast** & \\ \hline
**Kinetic Variable** & **Mean \(\pm\) SD** & **Mean \(\pm\) SD** & \(p\) & \(d\) & **Mean \(\pm\) SD** & **Mean \(\pm\) SD** & \(p\) & \(d\) \\ \hline Vertical Braking Impulse 1 & \(1.22\pm 0.642\) & \(1.31\pm 0.480\) & 0.651 & 0.170 & \(1.21\pm 0.665\) & \(1.26\pm 0.475\) & 0.803 & 0.096 \\ Vertical Braking Impulse2 & \(2.44\pm 0.441\) & \(2.52\pm 0.446\) & 0.663 & 0.161 & \(2.49\pm 0.510\) & \(2.53\pm 0.461\) & 0.803 & 0.092 \\ Vertical Propulsive Impulse 1 & \(4.32\pm 0.480\) & \(4.44\pm 0.405\) & 0.460 & 0.274 & \(4.35\pm 0.523\) & \(4.45\pm 0.405\) & 0.550 & 0.221 \\ Vertical Propulsive Impulse 2 & \(3.29\pm 0.303\) & \(3.51\pm 0.524\) & 0.185 & 0.496 & \(3.21\pm 0.402\) & \(3.34\pm 0.585\) & 0.222 & 0.456 \\ Net Horizontal Impulse 1 & \(0.65\pm 0.144\) & \(0.751\pm 0.143\) & 0.480 & 0.664 & \(0.669\pm 0.195\) & \(0.727\pm 0.134\) & 0.055 & 0.731 \\ Net Horizontal Impulse 2 & \(0.299\pm 0.102\) & \(0.367\pm 0.166\) & 0.182 & 0.500 & \(0.289\pm 0.121\) & \(0.356\pm 0.173\) & 0.223 & 0.455 \\ Horizontal Braking Impulse 1 & \(0.054\pm 0.027\) & \(-0.047\pm 0.017\) & 0.420 & 0.304 & \(-0.052\pm 0.029\) & \(-0.043\pm 0.019\) & 0.343 & 0.359 \\ Horizontal Braking Impulse 2 & \(-0.193\pm 0.008\) & \(-0.180\pm 0.052\) & 0.416 & 0.301 & \(-0.193\pm 0.002\) & \(-0.177\pm 0.053\) & 0.362 & 0.339 \\ Horizontal Populsive Impulse 1 & \(0.725\pm 0.119\) & \(0.808\pm 0.123\) & 0.070 & 0.689 & \(0.735\pm 0.129\) & \(0.830\pm 0.107\) & 0.087 & 0.800 \\ Horizontal Propulsive Impulse 2 & \(0.492\pm 0.078\) & \(0.551\pm 0.123\) & 0.130 & 0.570 & \(0.482\pm 0.003\) & \(0.545\pm 0.120\) & 0.119 & 0.587 \\ \hline \end{tabular} SD = standard deviation; force variables = N.kg; impulse variables = N.kg \(d\) = [PERSON]’s \(d\) for effect size.  
\end{table}