## 5 Photogrammetry: Knowledge Base
### Photogrammetry General Principles: Planning Phase  
During the digital processing of Kunerad manor house using the photogrammetric method, it was necessary to consider that the 3D model itself had to be created in combination with laser scanning. This meant that the model was emphasized not only in terms of visual details but also in terms of accuracy by the qualitative output of data from laser scanning. This implies that in order to achieve the required outputs from the model, basic recommendations have to be followed, based on the previous experience and knowledge of the authors:  
1. When capturing the subject, there is no relationship between the size of the subject and the number of shots. If there are enough photos available, more details can be captured and there is no need to return to the place and take a new picture of the object. Figure 6: Scheme of photogrammetry organizations. If possible, capturing should be performed at the highest possible resolution and without using zoom during shooting. Our advice is to create captured images in RAW format in terms of the larger range of adjustments. 3. Time, lighting, weather, haze and spatial conditions need to be considered so that the object can be captured from every possible angle and under consistent lighting conditions in the digitization process. This data can be used in combination with laser scanning. 4. Try to avoid shadows, because the RGB information is lost during the 3D model creation process and the model shape is incorrectly rendered. 5. When applying the convergent capturing method, it is necessary to ensure a sufficient degree of image overlap. If the overlap level does not reach the value of at least 80%, the detailing process may not be accurate. To ensure sufficient overlap between the individual pictures and adjust for their distortion, the horizontal angle should be in the range (\(-45^{\circ}\), \(45^{\circ}\)) and the vertical angle (\(-30^{\circ}\), \(30^{\circ}\)) [35]. 6. Pictures should not show any signs of blur due to hand movement or instability of the body and should also be taken with minimal noise. If there is the need for focus only on the subject, shooting is then performed in automatic mode. In manual mode, we gain control over the basic parameters of the camera (ISO, F, f) and a balance is sought between them through the exposure triangle. 7. Capturing should be in the loop and with the same distance around the whole object if possible due to the spatial arrangement. The shooting distance should copy the shape of the subject throughout the loop. From the point of view of the vertical displacement, these loops should be made at intervals, respecting the value of the overlap. The aim is to achieve an even level of detail throughout the building. 8. Try to avoid panoramic shots because with these the depth information of each point in the picture is not obtained. Therefore, it is necessary to take pictures at small distances. 9. When using unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV), it is necessary to perform a control flight over and next to the building in the initial phase. Based on this flight, places where additional detailed scanning is required are identified. 10. Evaluate the situation in terms of setting the UAV selection of individual modes, both automatic and manual. It is also possible to create a combination of individual modes when it is necessary to consider the time of flight, weather conditions, space conditions or the phase of reconstruction carried out at the time. 11. In terms of flight speed in automatic flight mode, set the shutter speed and autofocus points so that pictures are not blurred. 12. For accurate parameterization of the object, it is suitable to use alignment points with known spacing distances, or to use a measuring tape or other tool of known size. 13. In order not to degrade the images, it is necessary to avoid moving objects, dust and smoke during the whole digitization process. 14. The subject should be as large as possible in the photo.