## 6 Discussion and Implications  
### Discussion  
By empirically testing our research model, this study aimed to identify the specific factors of the VR safety training that affected training transfer in the construction industry, thereby providing guidance for improving the effectiveness of the training. The following are some important findings based on the hypotheses testing results.  
First, the constructs of the TAM, which are perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, and training satisfaction, directly and indirectly act as significant predictors of training transfer. This confirms the usefulness and effectiveness of the TAM in predicting training transfer behaviour when implementing a new technology; moreover, this is consistent with the findings of [PERSON] et al. [24] and [PERSON] and [PERSON] [58]. Furthermore, the high explanatory power of the TAM constructs also supports the TAM's usefulness in our research.  
Second, the two dimensions of telepresence, which are vividness and interactivity, significantly affected the trainees' perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use concerning the VR safety training. Specifically, while vividness influenced both perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use, interactivity directly affected only the perceived ease of use and indirectly affected the perceived usefulness. This result is somewhat consistent with the research of [PERSON] and [PERSON] [38] and [PERSON] et al. [59], which concluded that telepresence experienced while using HET significantly affects the perceived usefulness of HET. Thus, it could be concluded that the telepresence felt during the VR safety training had a significant impact on the trainee's belief regarding the training, which plays a critical role in increasing the effectiveness of the training.  
Lastly, of the two external factors regarding the trainee's attitude toward accidents in the workplace, only perceived severity had a significant effect on perceived usefulness.  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Path** & **Hypotheses** & **Beta** & **Results** & \(f^{2}\) \\ \hline \(\mathrm{PU}\rightarrow\mathrm{TS}\) & H1 & 0.403 ** & Supported & 0.125 \\ \(\mathrm{PEOU}\rightarrow\mathrm{TS}\) & H2 & 0.254 ** & Supported & 0.050 \\ \(\mathrm{PEOU}\rightarrow\mathrm{PU}\) & H3 & 0.621 ** & Supported & 0.642 \\ \(\mathrm{VI}\rightarrow\mathrm{PU}\) & H4(a) & 0.160 ** & Supported & 0.031 \\ \(\mathrm{VI}\rightarrow\mathrm{PEOU}\) & H4(b) & 0.303 ** & Supported & 0.070 \\ \(\mathrm{IN}\rightarrow\mathrm{PU}\) & H5(a) & 0.008 & Not supported & - \\ \(\mathrm{IN}\rightarrow\mathrm{PEOU}\) & H5(b) & 0.255 ** & Supported & 0.049 \\ \(\mathrm{PV}\rightarrow\mathrm{PU}\) & H6 & \(-\)0.088 & Not Supported & - \\ \(\mathrm{PS}\rightarrow\mathrm{PU}\) & H7 & 0.155 ** & Supported & 0.038 \\ \(\mathrm{TS}\rightarrow\mathrm{TT}\) & H8 & 0.698 ** & Supported & 0.951 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular} Note. * \(p<0.05\), ** \(p<0.001\). Note. ‘VI. Vridness, IN: Interactivity, PV: Perceived Vulnerability, PS: Perceived Severity, PU: Perceived Usefulness, PEOU: Perceived ease of Use, TS: Training Satisfaction, TT: Training Transfer.  
\end{table}
Table 6: Results of the Hypotheses Testing.  
This is consistent with the result of [PERSON] et al. [39], who concluded that perceived health risk, which is a multidimensional construct composed of perceived severity and perceived susceptibility, has an effect on perceived usefulness in the case of health-related internet use. Therefore, instilling a sense of alarm, related to occupational accidents, to the trainees could increase the overall effectiveness of the VR safety training.