## 1 Introduction  
Road traffic accidents (RTAs) remain a substantial threat to public health and economic stability worldwide. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), approximately 1.19 million people lose their lives each year as a result of RTAs [1]. While Poland has witnessed a significant decline in accident rates and fatalities in recent years, its figures remain elevated relative to many other European Union member states [2]. Their adverse outcomes have significant implications not only for healthcare systems and emergency response mechanisms but also for broader social and economic structures. The multifactorial nature of road accidents necessitates an investigation that goes beyond isolated incident reports to consider a confluence of environmental, infrastructural, and sociodemographic factors. Effective mitigation of the consequences of RTAs requires precise identification and thorough interpretation of their causes. While extensive scientific research has been conducted on this topic, the intricate and multifaceted nature of RTAs continues to make isolating key contributing factors and accurately assessing their influence a significant challenge. Multiple studies highlight that RTAs are influenced by a range of variables spanningweather conditions, road infrastructure, vehicle condition, and driver behavior [3]. For instance, low friction on snow- and ice-covered roads significantly increases the likelihood of collisions, underscoring the importance of road maintenance in adverse conditions [4]. Temperature similarly plays a crucial role and has been associated with increasing the risk of crashes [5], especially due to the fact that high temperatures impair driver concentration or encourage riskier behavior [6]. Heatwaves increase this risk even more [7]. Conversely, subzero temperatures do not necessarily pose a direct threat unless they result in ice formation and snow accumulation, which dramatically raises the probability of incidents, but lowers the number of fatal cases [4]. It should be noted that many of those results are related to the location of research; for example, [PERSON] et al. found no direct correlation between rising temperature and traffic safety in Sweden [8], yet [PERSON] et al. found an almost linear correlation in that aspect in Spain [9]. Beyond weather, sociodemographic factors such as population density and vehicle ownership, which increase traffic volume, also shape accident occurrence [10], while infrastructural aspects--ranging from road geometry to surface quality--exert an additional influence. Together, these findings underscore that no single variable fully accounts for the complexity of RTA dynamics, reinforcing the need for integrated models capable of capturing diverse environmental and human-related factors. While traditional research has focused primarily on engineering, behavioral, and regulatory factors, increasing attention variables (apart from sociodemographic factors), has been directed toward broader socioeconomic. Among these, tourism and fuel prices have emerged as influential factors associated with road safety outcomes. Tourism can alter traffic volume, composition, and patterns, introducing unfamiliar drivers into local systems. Likewise, fluctuations in fuel prices can influence travel behavior, vehicle usage, and traffic exposure. Socioeconomic factors--such as tourism and fuel prices--and their relationship with road traffic accidents have been widely analyzed in the literature. In particular, the link between tourism and road traffic accidents has been examined across various contexts. [PERSON] and [PERSON] [11] exploited significant international variation in gasoline pump prices to investigate the impact of fuel costs on road traffic fatalities. Utilizing data from 144 countries spanning the period 1991-2010, their study provided the first international estimates of the gasoline price elasticity of road fatalities. Their findings suggest that a 10% increase in gasoline pump prices is associated with a 3-6% reduction in road fatalities.