## 5 Conclusions
**Nomenclature**  
\(\beta\): The aerosol optical depth in a vertical path at 500 nm wavelength  
\(W\): The precipitable water in the vertical path (cm)  
\(T_{\mathrm{a\lambda}}\): The atmospheric transmittances for aerosol scattering at wavelength  
\(T_{\mathrm{w\lambda}}\): The atmospheric transmittances for water vapor absorption at wavelength  
\(T_{\mathrm{r\lambda}}\): The atmospheric transmittances for Rayleigh scattering at wavelength  
\(T_{\mathrm{o\lambda}}\): The atmospheric transmittances for ozone absorption at wavelength  
\(T_{\mathrm{m\lambda}}\): The atmospheric transmittances for mixed gas absorption at wavelength  
\(a_{\mathrm{n}}\): The angstrom turbidity exponent  
\(a_{\mathrm{w\lambda}}\): The water absorption coefficient as a function of wavelength at wavelength (cm\({}^{-1}\))  
\(M\): The air mass  
\(I_{\mathrm{d\lambda}}\): The direct spectral irradiance at wavelength (W/m\({}^{2}\)/nm)  
\(I_{\mathrm{a\lambda}}\): The spectral irradiance on a horizontal surface for aerosol scattering at wavelength (W/m\({}^{2}\)/nm)  
\(I_{\mathrm{r\lambda}}\): The spectral irradiance on a horizontal surface for Rayleigh scattering at  
\(I_{\mathrm{g\lambda}}\): The spectral irradiance on a horizontal surface for reflection at the ground at  
\(\mathrm{wavelength}\): (W/m\({}^{2}\)/nm)  
\(I_{\mathrm{g\lambda\ clear}}\): The global spectral irradiance calculated using [PERSON]'s spectrum model at  
\(\mathrm{wavelength}\): (W/m\({}^{2}\)/nm)  
\(I_{\mathrm{g\lambda\ overcast}}\): The global spectral irradiance calculated using a new spectrum model assuming full cloud  
cover at wavelength (W/m\({}^{2}\)/nm)  
\(I_{\mathrm{g\lambda\ all}}\): The global spectral irradiance using MS2E model considering all-weather at  
\(\theta\): The incident angle (\({}^{\circ}\))  
\(t\): The tilt angle (\({}^{\circ}\))  
\(f_{\mathrm{w}}\): The weather correction factor  
TSI: The total solar irradiance (W/m\({}^{2}\))  
DNI: The direct normal irradiance (W/m\({}^{2}\))  
\(J_{\mathrm{photo}}\): The photocurrent density (A/m\({}^{2}\))  
\(J_{\mathrm{sc}}\): The short-circuit current density (A/m\({}^{2}\))  
JSC without LC: The short-circuit density without luminescence coupling (A/m\({}^{2}\))  
JSC with LC: The short-circuit density with luminescence coupling (A/m\({}^{2}\))  
JSC Std: The calculated short-circuit current density using the standard solar spectrum (A/m\({}^{2}\))  
JSC rate: The short-circuit current density under the standard test condition (A/m\({}^{2}\))  
EQE\({}_{\mathrm{\lambda}}\): The external quantum efficiency at wavelength  
RCC: The radiative coupling coefficient  
\(V_{\mathrm{OC}}\): The open-circuit voltage (V)  
\(V_{\mathrm{OC\ rate}}\): The open-circuit voltage under the standard test condition (V)  
\(V_{\mathrm{t}}\): The thermal voltage (V)  
\(\beta_{\mathrm{th}}\): The temperature coefficient of the open-circuit voltage (%/\({}^{\circ}\)C)  
\(N_{\mathrm{series}}\): The number of cells in series  
\(N_{\mathrm{junction}}\): The number of junctions  
\(T_{\mathrm{cell}}\): The cell temperature (\({}^{\circ}\)C)  
\(T_{\mathrm{amb}}\): The ambient temperature (\({}^{\circ}\)C)  
NOCT: The nominal operation cell temperature (\({}^{\circ}\)C)  
\(FF\): The fill factor  
\(FF_{\mathrm{rate}}\): The fill factor under the standard test condition  
\(P_{\mathrm{max}}\): The maximum operation output (W)  
\(A_{\mathrm{mod}}\): The area of the module (m\({}^{2}\))  
\(\eta_{\mathrm{opt}}\): The optical efficiency of the incident angle modifier  
\(\eta_{\mathrm{sys}}\): The system efficiency