## 5 Phosphate-Based BGs in Peripheral Nerve Regeneration
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c} \hline
**BG Composition/Synthesis Route** & **Applied Construct** & **Remarks** & **Ref (s)** \\ \hline
64 SiO\({}_{2}\), 26 CaO, 5 MgO and 5 P\({}_{2}\)O\({}_{3}\) (mol\({}^{\times}\)), & Silicate glass nanoparticles/gelatin nanocomposites & - The composite showed no significant cytotoxicity \\
58 \(\mathrm{\SIUnitSymbolMicro}\)-gel method & & - The composite showed great potential in the regeneration of myelinated \\  & & nanocomposites & axons in damaged sciatic nerves \\ \hline
4585 BC: 450 SiO\({}_{2}\), 245 Na\({}_{2}\)O, 245 CaO, & Silicate & - The composites exhibited good biocompatibility \\  & and 6 \(\mathrm{\SIUnitSymbolMicro}\)O\({}_{5}\) (wt\({}^{\circ}\)) & glass/polyhydroxyalanoate (PHA) & - The constructs improved the mechanical properties needed for the \\ Borate glass: 53 SiO, 20 CaO, 6 Na2O, 4 P\({}_{2}\)O\({}_{5}\), & glass/polyhydroxyalanoate (PHA) & regeneration of peripheral nerves \\  & & composites & - The constructs supported growth and neuronal differentiation \\  & & & \\ \hline  & & - The glass fibers provided a suitable substrate for the adhesion and growth of \\  & & & rat Schwann cells \\ Bioglass 4585 (455 SiO\({}_{2}\), 245\(\mathrm{\SIUnitSymbolMicro}\), 245\(\mathrm{\SIUnitSymbolMicro}\)) & & - Axonal regeneration occurred through a Silastic conduit filled with \\ CaO and & Silicate glass (4585) fibers & Bioglass fibers & \\
6\(\mathrm{\SIUnitSymbolMicro}\) P\({}_{2}\)O\({}_{3}\) (wt\({}^{\circ}\)), melt-derived method & & - Axonal regrowth was observed in the Bioglass-fiber-treated rats comparable to an autograft 4 weeks after implantation in a 0.5 cm interstump gap in the \\  & & & static nerves \\ \hline
4585 BC: 45\(\mathrm{\SIUnitSymbolMicro}\) SiO\({}_{2}\), 24\(\mathrm{\SIUnitSymbolMicro}\) & & - Bioglasses doped with low concentration of Zn supported cell adhesion and proliferation of undifferentiated SK-N-BE human neuroblastoma cells \\ Na\({}_{2}\)O, 245\(\mathrm{\SIUnitSymbolMicro}\) CaO and 6\(\mathrm{\SIUnitSymbolMicro}\) P\({}_{2}\)O\({}_{3}\) (wt\({}^{\circ}\)) & Silicate glass (4585) doped with Zn & - Bioglasses doped with high Zn concentration lightly induced adhesion and phenotype characterization of the cells \\  & & - The glass-containing nanofibers showed good compatibility with rats’ \\ Commercial nano-sized 4555 BC & & - The composite constructs provided a better substrate for cell adhesion and proliferation as compared to glass-free matrices \\  & & - Significant improvements in the mechanical properties and wettability were observed in the case of glass/polymer composites than the polymer matrix alone \\  & & - The composites showed increased bioactivity \\ \hline  & & - Stimulated neurite outgrowth along the fibers in vitro \\  & & - Enhanced axons extending along the scaffold at 7 days post-surgery \\
50 P\({}_{2}\)O\({}_{5}\), 40 CaO, & Phosphate glass/collagen scaffolds & - Caused recovery of plantar muscle atrophy at 8 weeks post-implantation \\
5 Na\({}_{2}\)O, 5 Fe\({}_{2}\)O\({}_{3}\) (mol\({}^{\times}\)), melt-derived method & & - No significant differences in the case of functional capacity between the experimental groups and controls (collagen scaffolds lacking BCs) 12 weeks after implantation \\ \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 1: A summary of currently available reports showing the suitability of different types of BGs and glass-based composites in peripheral nerve repair and regeneration.