# Risk Identification Method and Application of Roof Water Inrush Under Multi-Working Face Mining
## 1 Introduction  
After the extraction of coal seams, the original in situ stress field is disturbed, leading to significant movement of the overlying strata in the working face under the influence of mining activities. This movement results in the formation of fractures, which are known as water-conducting fracture zones [1, 2, 3]. These fractures can potentially connect the mined-out areas to roof water-bearing strata, creating artificial water-conducting pathways. Such pathways may increase the volume of water influx into the mine, cause the lossof groundwater resources, degrade the ecological environment of the mining area, and even trigger roof water inrush accidents, resulting in severe personnel and economic losses [4; 5; 6; 7; 8]. [PERSON] et al. [9] conducted a numerical simulation study on the spatiotemporal evolution of stress distribution during multi-working face mining. The results indicate that multi-working face mining leads to an expansion of the disturbed zone in the overlying strata, thereby increasing the likelihood of delayed roof water inrush accidents. Therefore, research on the risk identification of roof water inrush under multi-working face mining conditions is crucial for ensuring the safe operation of coal mines. The key to the risk identification of roof water inrush lies in predicting the development height of the water-conducting fracture zone. Extensive research has been conducted by Chinese mining scholars on this topic. [PERSON] et al. [10; 11] derived an empirical formula for the development height of the water-conducting fracture zone using statistical methods and theoretical analysis based on the equivalent permeability coefficient and groundwater hydraulic response. [PERSON] et al. [12] employed numerical simulation techniques to investigate the distribution of the stress field, displacement field, and plastic zone in the overlying strata and inferred the development height of the water-conducting fracture zone by integrating results from similar material simulation experiments and digital speckle experiments. [PERSON] et al. [13] utilized fractal theory to study the evolution of overlying strata fractures and the development patterns of the water-conducting fracture zone during the advancement of the working face. They proposed a fracture location identification model for the overlying strata based on plate tectonics theory. In pursuit of more accurate predictions of the water-conducting fracture zone, [PERSON] et al. [14] constructed a prediction dataset consisting of 122 fractured zones and developed prediction models using five machine learning algorithms, including linear regression. [PERSON] et al. [15] focused on the working face under composite aquifers and employed methods such as staged upward drilling, water injection in boreholes, and numerical simulations to study the development height, morphological characteristics, and evolutionary processes of the water-conducting fracture zone during mining. [PERSON] [16] and [PERSON] et al. [17] investigated the use of distributed optical fiber monitoring to track the overlying strata deformation. They analyzed the correlation between changes in the optical fiber strain curves and the deformation, failure, and movement processes of the overlying strata in the mined area. Additionally, they explored the dynamic development process and mechanisms of the water-conducting fracture zone height and the fracture angles of the strata in the mined area. Issues related to measuring the heights of fracture and caving zones have been extensively studied by scientists worldwide, including in Europe, Australia, South America, and the United States [18; 19; 20; 21; 22]. [PERSON] et al. [23] performed numerical simulations to analyze wave propagation in a medium characterized by a discrete distribution of fractures. The aim of their study was to investigate the dimensions and spatial distribution of fracture zones. [PERSON] et al.