## 3 Comprehensive Analysis of Issues of CIM-Based DMS Using RDB
### Degradation of Topology Processing Performance  
The operational landscape of advanced DMS in the Republic of Korea has evolved significantly, now boasting about 430,000 operational nodes. This growth can be attributed to the expansion of the power network, the proliferation of terminal devices, and the rise in DERs. The power network exhibits a radial-typed topology, where most DMS applications, including load flow analysis, system reconfiguration, state estimation, and FLISR, rely heavily on efficient TP. The performance of several key applications crucial for managing the power distribution network is directly influenced by the performance of TP. The load flow analysis application is software designed to calculate the magnitude and phase of voltages at each node based on network topology information. For optimal functionality, this application necessitates the accurate input of precise topology data. It facilitates the determination of the operating cycle of applications, adaptable to the operator's needs or requirements. During the system design phase, it plays a crucial role in running system analysis applications to verify and address potential issues within the network, especially in worst-case scenarios. Furthermore, it serves as a core feature within the system reconfiguration application. The FLISR application is pivotal in detecting faults within the distribution network, identifying the affected section, and devising the most efficient recovery plan. Incorporating topology processing functionality is crucial for pinpointing fault sections accurately. However, the recent expansion of the distribution network has led to a slowdown in the time for TP within the RDB-based DMS. The TP to handle a specific distribution network area in a headquarters takes about 90 [s], a critical factor for event-mode applications such as FLISR. Event-mode applications operate in response to specific events, and the performance of a FLISR application depends on its ability to swiftly react to occurrences such as malfunctions or overloads. Considering that the target time for FLISR of advanced DMS in the Republic of Korea is 180 [s], a topology processing time of 90 [s] alone could potentially pose challenges. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c} \hline \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Modification of Information Models**} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{**Class Tabulation**} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{**Object Tabulation**} \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{Change} & class name & table name & table name (depending on the case) \\ \cline{2-4}  & attribute name & field name & field name \\ \cline{2-4}  & correlation between classes & change & Not changed \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{Delete} & class & table (deleting the inheritance relationship and foreign key relationship between tables) & table or related field (depending on the case) \\ \cline{2-4}  & attribute & field & field \\ \cline{2-4}  & correlation between classes & foreign key relationship between tables & foreign key relationship between tables (depending on the case) \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{Add} & subclass/superclass & table and set a foreign key relationship & related table or field (depending on the case) \\ \cline{2-4}  & attribute & field & field \\ \cline{2-4}  & correlation between classes & foreign key relationship & field of inheritance relationship; otherwise, foreign key relationship \\ \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 3: Structural modification of an RDB due to changes in information models. The RDB-based DMS utilizes B\(-\)Tree or B+Tree data structures to search for correlations between ConductingEquipment, Terminal, and ConnectivityNode, enabling rapid index search. In RDBs such as MySQL and PostgreSQL, the B+Tree structure is commonly used for index searching. In a B\(-\)Tree, each node can house multiple keys and children. These keys are organized in sorted order, with each key being sorted into a left subtree containing values smaller than itself and a right subtree containing values larger than itself.