## 3 Overview and Development of the Proposed Test System Considered for the Study
### The Power Grid System Considered for the Study
#### 3.1.1 Preparation of the IEEE 9 Bus Power System
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Bus** & **Bus Type** & **Voltage (PU)** & **P\({}_{\text{G}}\) (MW)** & **Q\({}_{\text{G}}\) (MVAr)** & **P\({}_{\text{L}}\) (MW)** & **Q\({}_{\text{L}}\) (MVAr)** \\ \hline G1 Bus & Slack & 1.0400/0.0000\({}^{\circ}\) & 71.7798 & 36.2675 & - & - \\ \hline G2 Bus & PV & 1.0250/8.3639\({}^{\circ}\) & 163.0000 & 11.2300 & - & - \\ \hline G3 Bus & PV & 1.0250/4.0221\({}^{\circ}\) & 85.0000 & \(-\)3.7204 & - & - \\ \hline Bus1 & PQ & 1.0207/27.7678\({}^{\circ}\) & - & - & - & - \\ \hline Bus2 & PQ & 0.9928/26.3247\({}^{\circ}\) & - & - & 125.0000 & 50.0000 \\ \hline Bus3 & PQ & 1.0064/26.5655\({}^{\circ}\) & - & - & 90.0000 & 30.0000 \\ \hline Bus4 & PQ & 1.0230/32.7884\({}^{\circ}\) & - & - & - & - \\ \hline Bus5 & PQ & 1.0128/30.2929\({}^{\circ}\) & - & - & 100.0000 & 35.0000 \\ \hline Bus6 & PQ & 1.0283/31.3133\({}^{\circ}\) & - & - & - & - \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 8: Initial conditions of the IEEE 9 Bus Power System. _PDLoad1 Set_ and _QDLoad1 Set_ in the figure are signal names to control the three loads, DLoad1, DLoad2, and DLoad3. _DLoadSchedStart_ is a digital signal from a binary switch that controls the status (\(ON\)/\(OFF\)) of the scheduler component. The \"scheduler\" component multiplies the starting power levels by the specified multiplier to increase the load demand. The active power input signal of the dynamic loads is multiplied by the \"tan (deg)\" component. Reactive power to the load is shown by the output signal _QDLoad1 Set_, which is based on the simultaneous rise in variables \(P\) and \(Q\) to maintain a constant load power factor. The power demand in the runtime module simulation platform will remain in its initial state until the switch DLoadSchedStartSW is turned on. The scheduler for each bulk load DLoad1, DLoad2, and DLoad3 is set to increase the load demand by 5.0000 MW every 0.1 s. An example is DLoad1, which has an initial active and reactive power of 125.0000 MW and 50.0000 MVAr. After 0.1 s, the load starts to draw 130.0000 MW and 51.9986 MVAr. And after 0.2 s, it starts to draw 135.0000 MW and 53.9986 MVAr. To summarize the operation of the logic in Figure 13, the Expressions (1) to (3) are used. Incremental increase in active power and reactive power:  
\[P_{New}=P_{Old}+\Delta P \tag{1}\]  
\(\Delta P=5\) MW every 0.1 s.  
Reactive power is proportional to active power:  
\[Q=P\ \times\ \tan\left(\emptyset\right) \tag{2}\]  
The power factor \(\cos\left(\emptyset\right)\) is calculated from the initial conditions. For example, for DLoad1 \(P_{0}=125\) MW, \(Q_{0}=50\) MVAr, then  
\[\tan\left(\emptyset\right)=\frac{Q_{0}}{P_{0}}=0.4\]  
So,  
\[Q_{New}=Q_{Old}+0.4\]  
Figure 13: Logic for load scheduler and direct proportionality of active and reactive power demand. In real-world scenarios, this is when the loads connected to the electrical power grid increase. These simulations of load increase every 0.1 s. This simulation looks into what might happen regarding electrical power grid loading in the future.