# Analysis of Mining Waste Dump Site Stability Based on Multiple Remote Sensing Technologies
## 5 Conclusions  
In this paper, a collaborative analysis of the stability of the Xudonggou dump innovatively combined SBAS, IRT, total station measurements and numerical simulation based on the LE method. These technologies all have their advantages and drawbacks. SBAS is able to detect the spatial distribution and temporal variation of displacements over the whole study area with acceptable precision. Based on a simple assumption that landslides only occur parallel to the slope direction, the LOS measurements could be easily translated to the slope direction. Unfortunately, displacements orthogonal to the LOS direction could not be detected by SBAS due to the intrinsic side-looking geometry of the SAR satellites. Additionally, the phase unwrapping may continue to bias the results if the cumulative displacement exceeds the \(2\pi\) measurement extent of the X-band SAR. Ground measurements using traditional instruments like total stations and prism leveling can provide displacements with very high accuracy. However, it is time consuming and requires significant manpower and resources. By merely collecting, measuring and comparing a limited number of points to SBAS, the higher cost of manpower and resources can be avoided. As a widely used technology in heat and moisture information collection, IRT is able to find water-bearing aquifer layers. These aquifers are probably weak layers due to their relatively small granular size, especially after intense rainfall. According to engineering geology, the slope body above aquifer layers is usually considered a dangerous area in terms of landslides. Numerical simulation based on limit equilibrium is a classic tool of engineering geology used to carry out slope stability analyses. It is easy to implement and often gives acceptable results to many practical problems, although sometimes the assumptions may not be well founded. By collaboratively using multiple remote sensing technologies, a full understanding of the Xudonggou dump site has been achieved. Based on the various measurements and numerical simulations, we are confident that the danger zones of the Xudonggou dump site have been recognized. They are shown in Figure 16. The collaborative use of multiple remote sensing technologies, as in this article, provides new insight into the various deformations caused by both human activities and natural disasters.  
**Author Contributions:** [PERSON] processed the COSMO-SkyMed data, interpreted the results and wrote the original manuscript; [PERSON] and [PERSON] contributed to the processing of the InSAR images and numerical simulations; [PERSON] analyzed the thermographic images with IRT and did the geological analyses; [PERSON] supervised the research and conducted the ground measurements using total station instruments; [PERSON] and [PERSON] coordinated the research in this article. All authors have read and approved the final manuscript.  
Figure 16: The danger zone of the Xudonggou dump site.  
**Funding:** This research was funded by Natural Science Foundation of China grant numbers 41601378 and 41601476. And the APC was funded by Natural Science Foundation of China grant numbers 41601378.  
**Acknowledgments:** The COSMO-SkyMed data was provided by ASI via the ASI-ESA Dragon4 Project ID. 32365_4. The authors would like to thank [PERSON], [PERSON] and [PERSON] from the Italian National Institute of Geophysics and Volcanology for downloading and delivering the COSMO-SkyMed data in the framework of Dragon4 project ID.32365_4.  
**Conflicts of Interest:** The authors declare no conflicts of interest.