## 5 Conclusions  
Increasingly, scientists are concerned about environmental pollutants' behavior and their impacts on the cryosphere. This study examined white sky albedo, air contaminants, and black carbon concentrations. Aeroqual 500 and TSI DRX 8533 have been used to record a variety of contaminants at three glaciers in the Karakoram, Hindukush, and Himalaya regions. Black carbon was estimated using filter sampling and analyzed by DRI Model 2015, a multi-wavelength thermal/optical carbon analyzer, and satellite-based white-sky albedo (WSA) was downloaded from MODIS. The pollutant concentration at HKH was as follows: ozone (28.14 \(\pm\) 3.58 \(\upmu\)m\({}^{3}\)), carbon dioxide (208.58 \(\pm\) 31.40 \(\upmu\)g/m\({}^{3}\)), sulfur dioxide (1.73 \(\pm\) 0.33 \(\upmu\)g/m\({}^{3}\)), nitrogen dioxide (2.84 \(\pm\) 0.37 \(\upmu\)g/m\({}^{3}\)), PM2.5 (15.90 \(\pm\) 3.32 \(\upmu\)g/m\({}^{3}\)),PM10 (28.05 \(\pm\) 2.88 \(\upmu\)g/m\({}^{3}\)), total suspended particles (76.05 \(\pm\) 10.19 \(\upmu\)g/m\({}^{3}\)), black carbon in river water (88.74 \(\pm\) 19.16 \(\upmu\)g/m\({}^{3}\)), glaciers (17.66 \(\pm\) 0.82 \(\upmu\)g/m\({}^{3}\)), snow/rain (57.43 \(\pm\) 19.66 ng/g), and air (2.80 \(\pm\) 1.20 \(\upmu\)g/m\({}^{3}\)). There were 2.35 \(\pm\) 0.94 \(\upmu\)g/m\({}^{3}\), 4.38 \(\pm\) 1.35 \(\upmu\)g/m\({}^{3}\), and 3.32 \(\pm\) 1.09 (\(\upmu\)g/m\({}^{3}\)) of average BC concentrations in Karakoram, the Himalayas, and Hindukush, whereas the satellite-based WSA yields on sampling date (the same as BC) were 0.053 \(\pm\) 0.024, 0.045 \(\pm\) 0.015, and 0.045 \(\pm\) 0.019. The link between WSA and BC was studied using a regression analysis tool. A clearer comprehension of the non-empirical connection between the measured BC and satellite-based WSA is provided by the derived curves. The research findings demonstrated that exogenous pollution has the potential to significantly impact the climatic and environmental conditions in HKH. The findings of this study will be valuable for future research into the interactions of the atmosphere and cryosphere around the world. This research will help Pakistan's HKH region by providing data and a foundation for future research. In addition to addressing the key scientific problems raised, this study recommends several future research directions.  
Conceptualization, I.Z. and Z.A.; methodology, I.Z. and Z.A.; software, U.A. and S.T.R.; validation, Z.A. and R.A.; formal analysis, I.Z. and Z.Z.; investigation, I.Z., Z.A., U.A., R.A., S.S. and Z.Z.; resources, I.Z. and Z.A.; data curation, Z.A. and U.A.; writing--original draft preparation, I.Z. and Z.A. writing--review and editing, R.A., U.A., S.S., Z.Z. and S.T.R.; visualization, U.A. and S.T.R.; supervision, Z.A. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript. This research received no external funding.  
Not applicable.  
We would like to acknowledge [PERSON] for black carbon sample analysis from State Key Laboratory of Cryosphere Science, Northwest, Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China. We are thankful for joint cooperation between University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan; Yunnan University, Kunming, China; and China Postdoctoral System. Pir [PERSON] and [PERSON] (ICIMOD) for advice and guidance. Furthermore, we are thankful to [PERSON] (local) for field support and logistics. [PERSON] and [PERSON] for preparation of infographics.  
The authors declare no conflict of interest.