esa-sceva/satcom-chunk-collection huggingface dataset:
# Soriasis and Seasonality: Exploring the Genetic and Epigenetic Interactions
## 3 Molecular Background of Psoriasis
### Epigenetics of Psoriasis
#### 3.2.3 Non-Coding RNA  
Psoriasis is associated with multiple chromosome loci, and the majority of signals in genome-wide association studies (GWAS) are found in non-coding regions of the human genome [54; 55]. Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) are RNA molecules that are not translated into proteins but are playing a key role in transcriptional and post-transcriptional DNA activity [54; 55; 56]. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNA) are ncRNAs that are longer than two hundred nucleotides, while microRNAs (miRNA) are composed of 18-23 nucleotides. These two major classes of ncRNAs have a significant role in PsV pathogenesis [54; 55; 56].  
MicroRNAs primarily regulate gene expression by binding to the 3' UTR of mRNA, forming a miRNA-mRNA complex and leading to mRNA degradation [57]. These molecules modulate gene expression by influencing epigenetic modifications. miRNAs can influence gene silencing and may contribute to human diseases by modulating DNA methylation in CpG islands. Additionally, miRNAs target enzymes that are important for DNA methylation and histone modifications. Patients with psoriasis have significantly higher levels of miRNA expression than healthy individuals, and these molecules may be involved in the pathogenesis of psoriasis. In several studies, miRNA-146a, miRNA-203, miRNA-21, miRNA-31, miRNA-184, miRNA-221, and miRNA-222 were upregulated, whereas miRNA-99a, miRNA-424, and miRNA-125b were downregulated in patients with psoriasis when compared to healthy subjects [51; 56; 58; 59].  
LncRNAs act as epigenetic modulators through the recruitment of transcription factors and chromatin-modifying proteins to transcriptionally active loci [60; 61; 62]. Studies have identified over four thousand lncRNAs that are differently expressed in psoriatic skin compared to non-lesional or healthy skin [8; 62].
###### Abstract  
Satellite imaging has become very popular in recent years. Nanosatellites have been attracting growing interest as they proved to be a good alternative for the realisation of missions with the aim to monitor the environment from space and to acquire image data from every place on Earth. In spite of the short revisit time that is achieved by existing satellite constellations, a method was developed for the digital determination of the orbital manoeuvres for single nanosatellites. The aim of the analysis was to study the possibilities of the optimisation of orbital operations in the context of maximising the operational efficiency of the mission. The conducted experiments involved the assessment of various scenarios of orbital manoeuvres taking into consideration the key limitations, such as the available fuel weight, propulsion efficiency, and the requirements concerning time and energy. The obtained results revealed that the most efficient manoeuvres are those that balance the minimum consumption of fuel or energy with the maximum extension of the duration of the satellite's stay above the area of interest. For example, slight adjustments to the altitude of the orbit with the use of Hohmann transfer proved to be optimal in terms of fuel costs. On the other hand, changes in inclination, although they are definitely energy-consuming, may significantly improve the coverage of the defined area. The conclusions from the conducted analyses confirmed that an appropriate strategy of orbital manoeuvres may greatly improve the operational efficiency of the nanosatellite, while, at the same time, continuing to save fuel and energy. It is suggested that future research should develop towards more advanced optimisation techniques, such as artificial intelligence algorithms that may additionally improve the precision and efficiency of planning orbital trajectories.  
Article  
[PERSON], [PERSON], M. The Analysis of the Possibility to Conduct Orbital Manoeuvres of Nanosatellites in the Context of the Operational Task. _Appl. Sci._**2025**, _15_, 5860. [[https://doi.org/10.3390/app15105360](https://doi.org/10.3390/app15105360)]([https://doi.org/10.3390/app15105360](https://doi.org/10.3390/app15105360))  
[[http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/](http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)]([http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/](http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)).  
Article
# Revealing the True Morphological Structure of Macroporous Soft Hydrogels for Tissue Engineering
## Materials and Methods
### Preparation of Hydrogels  
Hydrogel scaffolds were prepared by thermally initiated free radical polymerization. The monomeric mixture of HPMA, 2-(methacryloyloxy)ethyl]trimethylammonium chloride (MOETACl), methacrylated fluorescein, and ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EDMA) crosslinker were dissolved in PEG 400 (21.25 wt%) in the molar ratio 96.3:1.7:1.1. The radical initiator 2,2'-azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) (2.6 wt% in monomers) was added to the mixture and dissolved, then sodium chloride particles were quickly added to the polymerization mixture (87.5 wt%) and mixed well. The formed paste was homogenized by mixing; transferred into the polymerization mold, as described previously [12]; and heated in the oven at 80. The prepared pellets were removed and placed in an excess of water (400 mL) at 37. The samples were slowly shaken and kept in the water bath for two weeks, with the water replaced approximately every 24 h. Hydrogels were prepared using three sizes of salt porogen particles: 1-30 (group 1), 30-50 (group 2), and 50-90 (group 3). The reference hydrogel without salt particles, termed the basic hydrogel matrix, was prepared from the same polymerization mixture and under the same polymerization conditions.
## 4 Active Systems  
Defined by having an active radio, active systems architectures have high computational power and multiple ways of communication. The main disadvantage of these devices is its need for a constant source of power, which many times is a battery that may or may not be rechargeable. Different from the passive and semi-passive systems, that use backscatter techniques to communicate, active systems can take advantage of their active radio. This allows excellent adaptability for different applications, which should be specified in terms of the required data rate and range of communication. It is also possible to consider a third variable that is energy consumption; however, it is a result of the previous. Higher data rates and longer ranges result in higher energy consumption. According to these parameters, it is possible to group active systems in three categories, short-range, mobile networks, and long-range [119; 120]. Figure 19 presents a schematic of this organization.
## 3 Other Applications  
### Environmental Monitoring Other Than Rainfall Estimation  
Due to the interaction of microwaves with the atmosphere during transmission, the signals of CMLs carry atmospheric environmental information. On the basis of electromagnetic theory, considering the absorption bands of different atmospheric variables separately, CMLs can theoretically invert atmospheric variables for the purpose of environmental monitoring.
## 3 Proposed FDTE with Iterative Channel Estimation
### Summary of the Proposed Algorithm  
The proposed algorithm mainly includes three parts, namely low complexity iterative sparse channel estimation, the IFDTE, and the decoder. The flow chart of the proposed scheme is shown in Figure 3 and depicted in Table 1.  
(Step 1). If no soft feedback exists, the SZA-IPNLMS is utilized to estimate the CSI in terms of the training sequence in (2), otherwise, the SZA-DIPNLMS is utilized to update the CSI in terms of the soft feedback in (37). (Step 2). Calculate the a posteriori probability by using (15), and the a posteriori probability is continuously optimized by using (16)-(25) based on the EP. Repeat Step 2 until the maximum self-iteration for the EP is reached. (Step 3). On the basis of the estimated a posteriori information, the extrinsic information of equalization is calculated by using (24) and is then inputted into the decoder.  
(Step 4). The decoder generates the extrinsic information in terms of the log-MAP criterion in (27). If the maximum turbo equalization is not reached, the outputted extrinsic information of the decoder is regarded as the a priori information for equalization. Return to Step 1, otherwise, the decoder outputs the transmitted bits.  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c} \hline \hline
**Procedures of the IFDTE with Iterative Channel Estimation** \\ \hline \hline (Step 1). If no soft feedback exists, the SZA-IPNLMS is utilized to estimate the CSI in terms of the training sequence in (2), otherwise, the SZA-DIPNLMS is utilized to update the CSI in terms of the soft feedback in (37). (Step 2). Calculate the a posteriori probability by using (15), and the a posteriori probability is continuously optimized by using (16)-(25) based on the EP. Repeat Step 2 until the maximum self-iteration for the EP is reached. (Step 3). On the basis of the estimated a posteriori information, the extrinsic information of equalization is calculated by using (24) and is then inputted into the decoder. \\ (Step 4). The decoder generates the extrinsic information in terms of the log-MAP criterion in (27). If the maximum turbo equalization is not reached, the outputted extrinsic information of the decoder is regarded as the a priori information for equalization. Return to Step 1, otherwise, the decoder outputs the transmitted bits. \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}
Table 1: Procedures of the IFDTE with iterative channel estimation.  
Figure 3: Flow chart of the IFDTE with iterative channel estimation.
# Optimal Path Routing Protocol for Warning Messages Dissemination for Highway VANET
## 4 Optimal Path Discovery Phase
### Warning Message Dissemination  
We suggest Algorithm 5, which outlines the methods for transmitting warning messages. The algorithm accepts three inputs: \(S\), \(D\), and \(\tau\), where \(S\) stands for the source node, \(D\) for the destination node, and \(\tau\) for the time step. There are two scenarios where S aims to send a warning message to \(D\): either \(D\) is near one hop or farther away than one hop from \(S\). The message is immediately disseminated in the first scenario. Nevertheless, suppose D is more than one hop away. In that case, S uses the assistance of intermediate relay nodes to communicate to \(D\). The result of Algorithm 5 is whether or not a warning message was successfully transmitted. The algorithm's complexity is on average \(\Theta(\text{n})\). The algorithm's output is the failure or success in disseminating a WM each time.  
```
Input:\(D\)\(S\), and \(\tau\) Output: Failure or Success in the dissemination of a WM
1. Begin:
2. Build \(NG_{s}\) for \(S\)
3. loop
4. if\(D\in NG_{s}\)then
5. \(S\)>>\(D\)
6. exit
7. else
8. identify \(O_{f}\)
9. \(S\)>>\(O_{f}\)
10. \(S\gets O_{f}\)
11. Build \(NG\) for newly deputed \(S\) at \(\tau_{i}\)
12. endif
13. endloop
14.end
```  
**Algorithm 5**Warning Message Dissemination.
## 3 Factors Influencing Volatile Composition
### Postharvest Handling
#### 3.4.1 Temperature  
Storage temperature is a fundamental factor affecting the flavor of fruits. Changes in storage temperatures had no major effects on aroma volatile contents in chilling-tolerant \"_Or_\" mandrains; however, in chilling-sensitive \"Odem\" mandrains, storage at 2 \({}^{\circ}\)C caused accumulation of 13 volatiles, mainly terpen and their derivates, whereas storage at 8 \({}^{\circ}\)C resulted in decreases of six volatiles, comprising five terpen and one terpene derivative [105]. Production of volatiles was markedly influenced by storage temperature and time in melting flesh peach \"Hujingmilu\" fruit. In general, fruit at 5 \({}^{\circ}\)C were sensitive to chilling injury and had the lowest levels of volatile compounds, especially fruity note volatiles such as esters and lactones [67]. Refrigeration of tomato induced changes in levelsof 3-methylbutanal, linalool, guiacol, hexanol, _trans_-2-hexenal and _trans_-3-hexenol, and some of these alterations may be explained by a decrease in ADH enzyme activity [106]. During cold storage at 4 \({}^{\circ}\)C, acetate esters declined and non-acetate esters increased in fresh-cut cantaloupe and honeyde mclons. A significant shift in the ratio between acetate and non-acetate esters can be seen even after 2 days in storage. The recycling of esters during storage of fresh-cut melons may lead to an imbalance of characteristic volatiles [107]. Both chilling and heating of tomatoes reduced C\({}_{6}\) aldehyde and alcohol aroma volatiles immediately after treatment, and the levels of aldehydes did not fully recover after 4 days at 20 \({}^{\circ}\)C. Chilling-induced inhibition of C\({}_{6}\) volatile production may be due to down-regulation of gene expression, and subsequent reduction of hydroperoxide (HPL) and ADH enzyme activities in the oxylipin pathway. Heating-inhibition of C\({}_{6}\) volatile production, however, does not appear to be due to down-regulation of gene expression, but HPL and ADH activities were briefly suppressed [108].
# Cyber Physical Systems Dependability Using CPS-IOT Monitoring
## 5 Performance Evaluation
### The Impact of CTP, RPL, and LIBP on CPS Dependability
#### 5.4.3 Epidemic Profile  
The interference thresholds determine the severity of the routing process in terms of migration of nodes from one epidemic group to another. Looser severity might lead to more IoT nodes staying longer in the susceptible state, while coarser severity may move more nodes into the removed states. The results depicted by Figure 11 represent the average states of the network nodes after the simulation period. Two severity levels were considered in our experiment, a loose severity \(S_{1}=(T_{1}=4,T_{2}=6)\) in Figure 10(a) and a coarse severity \(S_{2}=(T_{1}=2,T_{2}=5)\) in Figure 10(b). From the figures, it can be seen that LIBP performs better for both severity levels as it was the only protocol that had the majority of its nodes in the'susceptible' state after the simulation ended. On average, the CTP protocol also showed some stability as most of its nodes remained in the 'attacked' state for both severity levels. For both severity levels, we observed that using the RPL-ETX protocol, nodes were in the'removed' state after the simulation, while RPL-0 moved nodes from the 'attacked' to the'removed' state only under coarser severity. This means for the same operation time, a network running the LIBP protocol would have its nodes mostly fully charged. Comparatively, for a CTP network, the nodes would be averagely charged while nodes in a RPL operated network would have their batteries fully depleted. This  
Figure 10: Routing profile: Interference and path length.  
is in agreement with previous works [3; 4; 38], which revealed the energy frugality of the LIBP protocol. In this context, the sink node is not considered as one of the nodes as it is assumed that it is connected to an external power source and hence does not run on batteries like the others.
## 4 Result
### Accuracy of Abnormal Recognition  
Since the design and optimization of MCU and FPGA co-working had not yet been completed, the effectiveness of the actual operation was tested on the ESP32 MCU. Table 1 shows that, in tests conducted using the ESP32 platform and the Mazzer 186C conical coffee grinder with 17.6 g of coffee beans and either a single 0.4 g stone or 0.4 g of crushed stones under espresso grinding settings, the stones and coffee beans are thoroughly mixed before being placed. The microphone front end is approximately 50 mm from the center of the grinder blade, with the microphone diaphragm oriented at 90 degrees to the coffee grinder casing. The fault detection method reliably identified both a single intact stone and multiple crushed stones with accuracy rates of 100% and 91%, respectively. All faults were detected during actual operations; however, in 9 out of 100 tests in the crushed stone group, the stones had already contacted the grinder blades at the time of fault detection, failing to meet the design goals.  
This may be because crushed stones sink faster and tend to concentrate towards the center during grinder rotation. In this mode, the features generated may be more complex, potentially overlapping and canceling each other under different conditions, thus falling below the confidence interval over longer time spans. This may require further judgment by combining features from other IMFs. Additionally, in 25 tests using normal coffee beans (18 g per grind), no false positives were triggered. Tests with single, small, crushed stones also yielded a success rate of 0%. We believe that using an electric coffee grinding platform instead of a manual one to set more precise confidence intervals could help achieve better detection of single crushed stones. Furthermore, in the current detection process design, the  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c} \hline \hline
**Type of Mode** & **Recognition Accuracy (\%)** \\ \hline No Fault & 100\% \\ \hline Single Intact Stone in Coffee Bean & 100\% \\ \hline Many Crashed Stone in Coffee Bean & 91\% \\ \hline Single Crashed Stone in Coffee Bean & 0\% \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}
Table 1: Abnormal recognition accuracy.  
Figure 8: Simulation result of FPGA implementation.  
information contained in the time domain and residuals was not effectively utilized [48; 49]. We suggest that effectively leveraging this information to establish multiple evaluation criteria might aid in the detection of single crushed stones [50].
## 5 Conclusion  
In this study the pitch axis of the ground-based laser communication servo turntable was considered as the research object, and the frequency domain characteristic of the pitch axis was tested by the sweeping frequency method. Based on the frequency domain characteristic curve, the pitch axis system model was established using a classical model identification method and analyzing the influence of nonlinear disturbance on the system. To address the problems of model identification error and nonlinear disturbance, a novel chatter-free SMC algorithm with a disturbance compensator is proposed. The new algorithm is robust to the system model identification error, friction, and other nonlinear disturbances, and shows good stability by both theoretical calculation and simulation techniques. Finally, the digital PID controller, the chatter-reduced sliding mode controller [22], and the proposed chatter-free sliding mode controller were tested in closed-loop control experiments of pitch axis speed with rated, sinusoidal, or sweep input. The experimental results show that the proposed chatter-free algorithm exhibits higher control accuracy, stronger anti-interference ability, better frequency domain characteristics, and also suppresses chattering for an effective ground-based laser communication servo turntable control system.  
The study of the overestimation and underestimation problems of the switching gain when the states are stable in the QSMD will be explored in our future work.  
Project administration, C.H.; resources, S.G.; writing--original draft, J.Z.; writing--review and editing, Y.L.  
This research was funded by Research project of scientific research equipment of Chinese Academy of Sciences (2017); funded by CIOMP-Fudan University Joint Fund, grant number: Y80732E.  
The authors declare no conflict of interest.
###### Abstract  
An exciting prospect for the sensing community is the potential of midinfrared fiber sensors. Taking advantage of the design flexibility of photonic crystal fiber and the high excitation loss of gold layers, a high-performance midinfrared D-shaped sensor based on the surface-plasmon-resonance effect was designed and numerically investigated by a mature finite-element tool. Numerical results showed that the designed fiber is especially suitable for sensing. In an operating wavelength ranging from 2.9 to 3.6 \(\upmu\)m, maximal wavelength sensitivity of 11,500 nm/refractive index unit (RIU) and a maximal refractive index (RI) resolution of \(8.7\times 10^{-6}\) RIU were obtained by the wavelength-interrogation method when analyte RI varied from 1.36 to 1.37. Maximal amplitude sensitivity of 230 RIU\({}^{-1}\) was obtained by the amplitude-interrogation method with a high linearity of 0.99519 and an adequate figure of merit of 142. Additionally, the sensor had good fabrication tolerance. Our sensor is a promising candidate for environmental monitoring.  
surface plasmon resonance; photonic crystal fiber; sensors; sensitivity; fabrication +
Footnote †: journal: Applied Physics Letters
## 1 Introduction
Despite this progress, a notable deficiency lies in the absence of an assessment of reliability criteria essential for the direct utilization of designs achieved through topology optimization in AM. A substantial gap exists in the current literature for enhancing computational efficiency and stability in topology optimization, particularly where uncertain parameters in designs are considered [30]. The process of ascertaining the optimal material distribution within the design via topology optimization is further complicated by the uncertainties introduced through the manufacturing processes [31]. In structural designs, inherent uncertainties often encompass design variables such as material parameters (e.g., modulus of elasticity, yield strength) and applied force [32]. However, deterministic topology optimization fails to account for the uncertainties of these random variables in the solution phase. Considering these structural uncertainties within deterministic problems leads to the derivation of more dependable designs. As a result, Reliability-Based Topology Optimization (RBTO) has emerged as a new strand of optimization [33; 34]. RBTO aims to account for uncertainties in applied loads and other random variables during the solution process [35; 36; 37; 38]. Employing the RBTO model, distinct topologies are procured depending on the targeted reliability levels, differing from those acquired via deterministic topology optimization. The resulting topologies offer a better volume/reliability ratio than deterministic approaches [39]. To the best of the authors' knowledge, no existing studies in the literature simultaneously incorporate additive manufacturing (AM) constraints into reliability-based topology optimization (RBTO) problems. Integrating AM parameters into the topology optimization process is common practice, but considering reliability criteria alongside these constraints is essential for developing more robust and manufacturable designs. In this research, the build direction parameter used in additive manufacturing is solved by adapting it to a deterministic and RBTO algorithm. The comparison focuses on the topological attributes and compliance of the intended blueprint, to be produced under four varying direction parameters. The application of the solution was realized on structures such as the Messerschmitt-Bolkow-Blohm (MBB) beam, cantilever beam, and L-shape beam using 88 lines of MATLAB TO code [40]. In deriving the solution, we conducted a comparative evaluation of sensitivity and density filters. As a part of our optimization methodology, we employed MATLAB R2023b Optimization Toolbox's interior-point algorithm to update the design variables. In addressing the RBTO problem for the examples considered in this research, both the Method of Moving Asymptotes (MMA) and Optimality Criteria (OC) were examined, providing a comparative analysis of the results.