## 2 Related Studies
### Gesture Interactions in XR (VR/AR) Interfaces  
In recent years, natural gesture-based interactions have become an integral communication method within the realms of extended reality interfaces, encompassing both virtual and augmented reality technologies. Progress in machine learning and depth-sensing tools has significantly enhanced gesture recognition, allowing users to manipulate virtual, digital objects or components as they would in a real-life experience [34]. Particularly, major IT companies have significantly contributed to these developments. The Apple Vision Pro offers a seamless interaction experience by combining eye tracking with hand gesture recognition. For example, users can select elements by looking at them and pinching two fingers together, move elements by moving their pinched fingers, and scroll by flicking their wrist. This integration allows for precise and fluid interactions within virtual environments, eliminating the need for physical controllers [35]. Similarly, Microsoft's HoloLens series employs a combination of depth sensors and advanced gesture recognition algorithms to enable intuitive hand-tracking and interactions within an augmented reality environment [36]. Also, as mentioned above, the Meta Orion project recently unveiled lightweight smart XR glasses that render holographic user interfaces so that they are superimposed into real-life environments and contain real-life objects [37]. Considering this paradigm in the IT industry, these advancements collectively highlight the growing role of gesture recognition technology in shaping more immersive, intuitive, and controller-free interactions within XR environments.  
From an alternative standpoint, wearable technologies have been explored either as auxiliary tools to XR devices or the primary apparatuses for enhancing gestural interactions in XR environments. Again, a notable example is the Meta Orion project, which deals with an EMG-sensor-embedded wearable wristband that reads neural signals to interpret a user's hand movements. This technology enables the conversion of subtle finger and wrist motions into precise digital commands during XR-based interactions [38]. Another significant EMG-enabled device is the Myo Armband by Thalmic Labs. Akin to the Meta Orion project's wristband, this armband also employs EMG sensors to capture the bioelectrical signals generated by muscle contractions [39; 40; 41]. Moreover, wearable technology spans from armbands and smart gloves to full-body suits, designed to recognize and translate human gestures in response to different contextual settings. In terms of haptic gloves, HaptX Gloves DK2 has notably advanced tactile interactions by simulating the sensations of touch, pressure, and texture through microfluidic systems, offering users a realistic experience of digital objects [42]. As examined, developmental enhancements in natural gesture-driven interactions, combined with the continuous convergence of wearable technology, are fostering more fluid and intuitive digital experiences. With ongoing advancements, these integrations are expected to bridge the gap between physical and virtual spaces further, transforming how users engage with immersive environments.