## 3 Results  
### Plant-Pollinator Interactions  
In total, 17 bee genera and 78 taxa of plants were monitored throughout 2020 and 2021. Among the bee taxa, the highest percentage of observations in 2020 was represented by _A. mellifera_ (51.6%), followed by the _Anthidium_ spp. (25%), the _Bombus_ spp. (12.9%) (with individual percentages of 8.6% for _B. terrestris_, 3.8% for _B. psucorum_, 0.1% for _B. argillaeus_), and the _Lasiglossum_ spp (4.5%). The less represented taxa included _O. cornuta_ (1.7%), the unique representative of the genus, _Megachile_ spp. (1.5%), with 0.2% of _M. sculpturalis_, and _Halictus_ spp. (1.2%), primarily represented by _H. scabiosae_, which accounted for 0.9% of the total. Among the least represented genera were _Hylaeus_ (0.9%), _Heriades_ (0.3%), _Stelis_ (0.2%), _Andrena_ (0.1%), and _Xylocopa_ (0.1%). In 2021, the highest percentage of observation was again _A. mellifera_ (44.9%), the _Anthidium_ spp. (27.1%), with a major contribution from _An. forentinum_ (15.7%), and the _Bombus_ spp. (11.6%), especially _B. terrestris_ (6.1%) and _B. psucorum_ (3%). _Osmia_ spp. raised its presence (5.4%), with _O. cornuta_ accounting for 3.4% and _O. bicornis_ for 1.2%, followed by the _Halictus_ spp. (3.9%), with _H. scabiosae_ accounting for 3.4%, the _Anthophora_ spp. (2.1%), the _Megachile_ spp. (1.6%), with _M. sculpturalis_ accounting for 0.1%, and the _Lasiglossum_ spp. (1.4%). The taxa with a percentage of less than 1% were, in descending order of prevalence, the _Andrena_ spp. (0.9%), (_A. cineria_ with 0.1%, and _A. haemorhoa_ ([PERSON], 1781) with 0.3%), the _Hylaeus_ spp. (0.3%), the _Xylocopa_ spp. (0.3%), the _Anthidiellum_ spp. (0.1%), the _Certaina_ spp. (0.1%), the _Heriades_ spp. (0.1%), the _Nomiapis_ spp. (0.1%), and the sole species of genus, _Stelis_, _S. punctualissima_ (0.1%). The network analysis allowed for the detection of 2649 plant-bee interactions. In 2020, we recorded 1147 plant-bee associations, with 12 Apoidea and 39 plant taxa, while in 2021, we recorded 1502 plant-pollinator associations, with 17 Apoidea 72 plant taxa. Figures 2 and 3 show the networks for each monitoring site in 2020 and 2021, respectively, with larger bars indicating a greater number of interactions. In all the green areas, _A. mellifera_ and _Anthidium_ spp. were confirmed to be the dominant species. Table 5 reports the results of the network analysis over the two years for each green area. The number of pollinator taxa varied significantly between the years (t = \(-\)3.71, df = 10, \(p\) = 0.004), while no differences emerged in the number of plant taxa (t = \(-\)1.91, df = 10, \(p\) = 0.08), the number of links per species (t = 1.27, df = 10, \(p\) = 0.23), the mean number of shared partners between pollinators (t = 1.28, df = 10, \(p\) = 0.22), the niche overlap of plants (t = 1.14, df = 10, \(p\) = 0.27), the partner diversity for plants (t = \(-\)0.97, df = 10, \(p\) = 0.35), the partner diversity for pollinators (t = \(-\)0.84, df = 10, \(p\) = 0.41), the Shannon diversity index of interactions (t = \(-\)1.76, df = 10, \(p\) = 0.10), modularity (t = \(-\)1.06, df = 10, \(p\) = 0.31), the mean number of shared partners of plants (W = 21.5, \(p\) = 0.63), and the niche overlap of pollinators (W = 21, \(p\) = 0.68). Figure 2: Pollination network for each site in 2020 (Historic city parks: (**A,B**); Modern parks: (**C–E**); Roundabout: (**F**). The upper lines refer to the pollinators (green = _Apis mellifera_; yellow = wild pollinators), and the basal lines refer to the plant on which bees were observed. The color of the basal line refers to the urban green type (blue = modern parks; dark violet = historic parks, and purple = green street spaces). Figure 3: Pollination network for each site in 2021 (Historic city parks: (**A,B**); Modern parks: (**C–E**); Roundabout: (**F**). The upper lines refer to the pollinators (green = _Apis mellifera_; yellow = wild pollinators), and the lower lines refer to the plant on which bees were observed.