# Causation Correlation Analysis of Aviation Accidents: A Knowledge Graph-Based Approach
## 3 Aviation Accident Case Research
### Modeling the ACAKG
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Type of Accident Causation** & **Number** & **Accident Causation** & **Definition of Accident Causation** & **Frequency of Each Causation** \\ \hline H & H08 & Pilot lost situational awareness & Errors arising from misjudgments of distance, altitude, visibility, and other factors when the pilot’s perception does not align with the actual conditions. & 12 \\ \hline H & H09 & Crew lost situational awareness & Errors arising from misjudgments of distance, altitude, visibility, and other factors when the actual conditions. & 11 \\ \hline H & H10 & Pilot had obstructed vision & The pilot’s line of sight is obstructed due to factors such as weather conditions and terrain features. & 13 \\ \hline H & H11 & Pilot lacked good physical and mental performance & The pilot’s performance is adversely affected due to suboptimal physical or psychological conditions. & 27 \\ \hline H & H12 & Crew lacked good physical and mental performance & The crew’s performance is adversely affected due to suboptimal physical or psychological conditions. & 16 \\ \hline H & H13 & Ground personnel lacked good physical and mental performance & The ground personnel’s performance is adversely affected due to suboptimal physical or psychological conditions. & 0 \\ \hline A & A01 & Airframe failure & The occurrence of failures in specific components of the airframe. & 47 \\ \hline A & A02 & Engine failure & The occurrence of failures in the engine. & 27 \\ \hline A & A03 & Airborne equipment system failure & The occurrence of failures in the airborne equipment system. & 27 \\ \hline A & A04 & Lack of fuel & A deficiency in fuel supply due to exhaustion, leakage, contamination, or other contributing factors. & 6 \\ \hline A & A05 & Aircraft design defect & A deficiency in the design of the aircraft. & 12 \\ \hline A & A06 & Mechanical problem & Other mechanical problems exist. & 0 \\ \hline E & E01 & Weather condition & Adverse weather conditions, such as high winds, halistorms, lightning strikes, etc. & 55 \\ \hline E & E02 & Geographical condition & Geographical conditions, including mountainous terrain, high altitudes, etc. & 9 \\ \hline E & E03 & External environment—animal & The appearance of wild animals. & 11 \\ \hline E & E04 & External environment— insufficient light & Insufficient illumination caused by various factors. & 1 \\ \hline E & E05 & Airport environment & Issues arising in airport infrastructure, runway environments, etc. & 24 \\ \hline E & E06 & Air environment anomaly & Abnormalities in the aerial environment. & 1 \\ \hline E & E07 & Social relations & Issues pertaining to social relationships, including family, colleagues, etc. & 0 \\ \hline E & E08 & Political environment & Unfavorable political environment. & 0 \\ \hline E & E09 & Economic environment & Unfavorable economic environment. & 0 \\ \hline M & M01 & People management & Problems with people management. & 52 \\ \hline M & M02 & Work organization & Problems with work organization. & 58 \\ \hline M & M03 & Safety fundamentals & Problems with safety fundamentals. & 56 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 1: _Cont._and maneuvering phase. The number and the frequency of each phase of the accident are shown in Table 2.  
The consequences of accidents are divided into two components: fatalities and aircraft damage. In order to facilitate the measurement of the consequences of accident types, the accident consequences need to be quantified. The method of affiliation function is used to represent the weights of accident consequences with different granularities between 0 and 1, as shown in Table 3. Based on the principle that the consequences of injury are more serious than those of aircraft damage, this paper sets the weights of fatalities and aircraft damage to 0.7 and 0.3, respectively, so that the quantified consequences of different accident types can be obtained.