## 1 Introduction  
_Cannabis sativa_ L. (2n = 20), called hemp or cannabis, has an upright stem and is 1-6 m high, depending on the phenotype and chemical type. The roots are from 30-60 cm to about 2.5 m deep, and the lateral root is well developed. The leaves are palmate and the number of leaflets varies. The leaf surface is covered with white to yellowish-brown resinous glands. The flowers are divided into staminate (male) or pistillate (female) [1]. The plants can be hermaphroditic or dioecious, depending on genetic factors or the environment in which they are grown. The hemp plant contains more than 500 secondary metabolites such as polyketides, terpenoids, polyphenolics, alkaloids, flavonoids, stillenoids, quinones, and terpenophenolics [2]. Cannabinoids (terpenophenolic C21 or the neutral C22 form) are only observed in _C. sativa_[3]. To date, more than 100 types of cannabinoids, one of the most prominent components of hemp, have been identified. Additionally, neutral cannabinoids (\(\Delta\)9-tetrahydroocannabinol(\(\Delta\)9-THC) and cannabinoidoid (CBD)) are activated from acidic cannabinoids (\(\Delta\)9-tetrahydrocamabinolic acid (\(\Delta\)9-THCA) and cannabidiolic acid (CBDA)) through the decarboxylation process [4]. \(\Delta\)9-THC is a major psychotropic cannabinoid, causing transient psychotic and anxiety symptoms [5] and mental illness, even in adults without major psychosis [6]. From 1995 to 2015, the THC content of herp for psychoactive purposes increased by 212%, and concentrated THC products resembling regular products, such as chocolate and jelly, have been produced. This has resulted in a significant increase in accidental exposure and overdose in children [7]. \(\Delta\)9-THC is also used for medicinal purposes, depending on its purpose, but in this study, the purpose was to produce CBD. Conversely, CBD has positive effects on schizophrenia [8], reduces the incidence of seizures in epilepsy [9], improves sleep in patients with Parkinson's disease [10], reduces anxiety, and has antipsychotic and neuroprotective effects such as improving cognitive processes [11]. Biosynthesis of cannabinoids begins with the prenylation of olivetolic acid (OA) to produce cannabigerolic acid (CBGA). CBGA is then converted to different cannabinoid carboxylic acid forms. Tetrahydrocannabinoic acid (THCA) is converted to cannabidiolic acid (CBDA) by THCA synthase, and cannabichromenic acid (CBCA) by CBDA synthase and CBCA synthase [12; 13]. In addition, acidic cannabinoids decompose into a neutral form through heat, and also, the additional decomposition reaction of metabolites is caused by exposure to light, UV-B irradiation, oxidizing agents, and high temperatures. It is known that 95% of cannabinoids in undried hemp are in an acidic precursor state [14]. Analyzing the cannabinoid profile of plants over time showed that the concentration of cannabinoids increased when the flowering period was reached [15]. Changes in these concentrations are dependent on moisture [16], geographical location [17], mineral quality [18], UV-B [19], temperature and humidity, fertilization status, breeding method [20], and variety. In addition, CBC and CBG gradually decreased from seedling state to harvest, and the THC content gradually increased from germination to flowering. To maximize the \(\Delta\)9-THC yields, crops should be harvested during the flowering period. The relatively high ratio of CBC and CBG to THC was maintained for approximately 146 h in the seedling state and up to 29 days in the vegetative state [15]. Cannabinoids are secondary metabolites synthesized and stored in trichomes mainly found in female flowers [21]. Trichomes are divided into six types, i.e., unicellular non-glandular trichomes, cytolytic trichomes, capitate-stalked trichomes, capitate sessile trichomes, simple bulbous trichomes, and complex bulbous trichomes [22]. However, they are generally called capitate-sessile, capitate-stalked, and bulbous types.