## 2 Solar-Hydrogen Storage System
### Workflow of Solar-Hydrogen Storage System
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c} \hline \hline
**No** & **Component** & **Description** \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{1} & & Depending on the manner of storage, the storage vessel is a container made to keep hydrogen gas at either high pressure or low temperature. Carbon fiber, composite materials, and high-strength metals like steel or aluminum are frequently used to make storage vessels. For the purpose of storing compressed gas or liquid hydrogen, the vessel has to be designed to endure high pressures and low temperatures. In order to stop leaks or ruptures, it must also adhere to safety regulations. \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{2} & & The storage vessel has a pressure relief mechanism designed to guard against overpressurization and guarantee safe functioning. In order to prevent damage to the vessel and lower the possibility of mishaps, this device releases excess pressure from the storage vessel if it goes beyond the design limitations. Depending on the particular application and storage system requirements, pressure relief devices can be rupture discs, burst diaphragms, or pressure relief valves. \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{3} & & A thermal management system is essential in systems that use liquid hydrogen storage in order to maintain the low temperatures needed to keep hydrogen in its liquid condition. Typically, this system uses cooling mechanisms to eliminate any heat that enters the storage tank and insulation to reduce heat transfer. In order to reduce boil-off losses and guarantee the long-term stability of liquid hydrogen storage, effective thermal control is essential. \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{4} & & To move hydrogen gas from the storage vessel to the point of use, such as fuel cells or other hydrogen-consuming devices, the hydrogen delivery system is made up of pipes, valves, and connectors. The system needs to be built to withstand the high pressures and high purity needs of hydrogen gas. Additional parts like filters, regulators, and safety devices may be included in the distribution system, depending on the application, to manage the hydrogen flow and guarantee a secure and effective delivery. \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{5} & & Systems for monitoring and controlling the hydrogen storage system’s operation are crucial for guaranteeing its dependable and safe functioning. Sensors that measure variables like temperature, pressure, and hydrogen purity are commonly included in these systems, along with control devices to manage the functioning of pumps, valves, and other system parts. Through real-time monitoring and control, operators may minimize the likelihood of accidents and optimize system performance by identifying and addressing any anomalies or safety concerns. \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 2: Hydrogen storage system components. electric current flows through it. At the cathode, hydrogen gas is released, and at the anode, oxygen gas is released [136; 137; 138]. * Hydrogen Gas Collection and Purification: After being generated, the hydrogen gas is collected and refined to get rid of any moisture or contaminants. By adopting this purification method, hydrogen gas is guaranteed to meet storage and use requirements without contaminating or harming components further down the supply chain [139; 140; 141]. * Hydrogen Storage: The hydrogen gas that has been purified is kept in storage tanks or containers until it is required for energy production or other uses. Hydrogen can be kept in three different states: liquid, compressed gas, or adsorbed onto a solid substance like metal hydrides, depending on the storage method employed [142; 143; 144]. * Energy Generation or Utilization: The hydrogen gas that has been stored is supplied into a fuel cell or other hydrogen-consuming device to generate or use energy when needed. Hydrogen and airborne oxygen react in fuel cells to produce electricity, with the byproducts being heat and water vapor. In order to meet energy demand, this electricity can be sent into the grid and used to power buildings or power electric cars [145; 146; 147].