Design Implementation of Trapezoidal Notch Band Monopole Antenna for LTE, ISM, Wi-MAX and WLAN Communication Applications +
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[PERSON]  
1 Department of ECE, Andhra University, Vishakapatnam 530003, India; [EMAIL_ADDRESS]  
[PERSON]  
1 Department of ECE, Andhra University, Vishakapatnam 530003, India; [EMAIL_ADDRESS]  
[PERSON]  
2 Vignan Institute of Information Technology, Vishakapatnam 530049, India; [EMAIL_ADDRESS]  
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flared element for notching 1.2-3.2 GHz and 4.2-4.8 GHz with a rejection ratio of 38% and 32%. [PERSON] [3] designed a wideband antenna which operates in the range of 3.1 to 8.4 GHz with nothing from 5.6 to 5.9 GHz. [PERSON] [4] developed a PIN diode-based notch band antenna with reconfigurable nature to block WLAN/IEEE-802 (WLAN-Wireless Local Area Network). In total, there are 11n bands in switching conditions. A split ring model-based structure has been used to design a metamaterial-based antenna by [PERSON] [5]. The designed notch antenna structure is constituted on a conformal dielectric and the flexible characteristics are studied and found satisfactory in simulation and prototype measurement.  
[PERSON] [6] designed a reconfigurable antenna with a defected ground plane-DGP for the industrial, scientific & medical-ISM (International Safety Management) band. [PERSON] [7] proposed a circular shaped monopole reconfigurability enabled antenna with the notch band characteristics. A transparent monopole for vehicular communication applications was designed by [PERSON] [8] and a dual band notch monopole printed antenna was proposed by [PERSON] [9] for UWB-Ultra-wideband applications. [PERSON] [10] designed a tripartite cut reconfigurable monopole dependent model with a deserted base plane. [PERSON] [11] designed a heart shape monopole antenna with a planar artificial magnetic conductor-AMC support for high gain. [PERSON] [12] proposed a triple band notch type monopole antenna with a complimentary split ring resonator structure for improving directivity in the operating bands. [PERSON] [13] designed a fractal antenna for various wireless communication systems applications. [PERSON] and [PERSON] [14] designed a notch band antennas with reconfigurability and a C-slot. Few advanced models are designed by scientists with metamaterial structures and FSS- Food Safety and Standards [15; 16; 17].  
Antenna Modelling: A trapezoidal shaped monopole antenna is modelled into a notch band monopole with the placement of U-slot on the radiating structure [18]. Figure 1 projects the trapezoidal monopole and Figure 2 projects the notch band monopole. The dimensional view and side view of the trapezoidal monopole and the notch band monopole with coplanar waveguide feeding is presented [19]. The antenna is compact in dimensions and fabricated on the FR4 dielectric of thickness 'h' is 1.65 mm.  
\[\text{h}>0.06\,\lambda\text{g} \tag{1}\]  
where \(\lambda\text{g}\) is the guided wavelength. The coplanar waveguide feeding with 50-ohm impedance and ground gap with of 0.2 mm is used in this model. A U-shaped lot is placed in the radiating structure to attain the band notch parameter in the initial design [20]. The notch band antenna showing band rejection from 4.4-5.7 GHz and attained the bandwidth value of 1.3 GHz.  
Figure 1: Trapezoidal Monopole Structure Antenna, (**a**) Dimensional View, (**b**) Side View.