## 8 Conclusions  
This study discussed a metamaterial with negative permittivity designed on an FR-4 substrate with resonance frequencies at 2.89 GHz (S-band), 9.42 GHz (X-band), and 15.16 GHz (Ku-band). Such metamaterials are nowadays designed and fabricated to influence EM radiation using new techniques. Many vital properties (optical and EM properties) of various natural materials have been converting through this chemistry. To investigate the performance of the proposed design, the dependency on the dielectric constant and an array or combination of the metamaterial characteristics (here three validations for a single unit cell and array) were incorporated to produce a comparative analysis. An extensive investigation was performed to analyse the surface current, electric field, and magnetic field distribution. The DPS-ENG media properties were also assessed using an EM wave interaction. The vital parameters like permittivity, permeability, and refractive index were determined using MATLAB coding, whereby the results exhibited negative permittivity with a negative refractive index. Whereas, \(2\times 1\) and \(2\times 2\) array metamaterials that were simulated using the same substrate material demonstrated minimal changes in resonance frequencies. On the other hand, the efficiencies of an equivalent circuit that was designed for the desired unit cell were tested via ADS. This result indicated S21 to be very close to the CST results. The proposed unit cell also yielded a resonance frequency of 2.89 GHz with an EMR of 11.53. Since S-, X-, and Ku-bands are widely utilised in satellite and RADAR communications, these tri-band spectra were utilised for microwave communication, long-distance radio communication, and satellite communication. Although this study utilised a simple and compact metamaterial structure, the proposed design manifested triple-band resonance frequencies with excellent EMR value (11.53). In conclusion, this unique metamaterial structure adapted several validation processes that led to its novelty. Conceptualization, S.U.A. and M.R.I.F. ; methodology, S.U.A., M.J.H. and M.R.I.F. ; software, S.U.A. and M.J.H. ; validation, S.U.A., M.R.I.F. and M.U.K. ; formal analysis, S.U.A., M.J.H. and M.R.I.F. ; investigation, S.U.A. and M.R.I.F. ; data curation, S.U.A. and M.J.H. ; writing--original draft preparation, S.U.A. and M.R.I.F. ; writing--review and editing, S.U.A., M.R.I.F., M.J.H., M.U.K., H.O. and S.A.; visualization, S.U.A., M.R.I.F., M.J.H., M.U.K., H.O. and S.A.; supervision, M.R.I.F. ; project administration, M.R.I.F. ; funding acquisition, H.O. and S.A. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript. The APC was funded by the Taif University researchers supporting project number (TURSP-2020/287), Taif, Saudi Arabia. **Institutional Review Board Statement**: Not Applicable. **Informed Consent Statement**: Not applicable. **Data Availability Statement**: All the data is available within the manuscript. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Author Name** & **Design Shape** & **Dimension (mm\({}^{3}\))** &
\begin{tabular}{c} **Metamaterial** \\ **Type** \\ \end{tabular} & **EMR (\(\lambda\)/L)** \\ \hline [PERSON] et.al. & U & \(25\times 25\times 1\) & LHM & 1.99 \\ [PERSON] et.al. & Modified H & \(9\times 9\times 1\) & Chiral & 3.50 \\ [PERSON] et.al & H & \(30\times 30\times 1.6\) & LHM & 3.65 \\ [PERSON] et.al. & G & \(12\times 12\times 1.6\) & NIM & 11.90 \\ [PERSON] et.al. & SSR & \(10\times 10\times 1.6\) & LHM & 9.10 \\ [PERSON] et.al. & C & \(12\times 12\times 1.6\) & NM & 7.44 \\ [PERSON] et.al. & Modified G & \(10\times 10\times 1.6\) & SNM & 3.98 \\ Proposed metamaterial & Formatted hexagon & \(9\times 9\times 1.6\) & ENG & 11.53 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 5: Authentication between the previous configurations and proposed configuration.