## 3 Analysis of the Selected Case Studies
### Quantitative Analysis of the Effectiveness of Indicators  
The research included several steps to arrive at the quantitative analysis. The first step was a literature review, from which the relationships between climate adaptation, the sustainability of cities, and the most critical factors for the sustainability of cities were extracted. The second step was to identify the study cases in four selected cities within the West Asia region, and then conduct an inductive analysis of them to arrive at the  
Figure 10: Shading level analysis of urban fabric in (**1**) old Damascus, (**2**) old Sana’a.  
Figure 9: Shading level analysis of urban fabric in (**1**) old Yazd, (**2**) old Baghdad.  
most critical indicators that lead to the achievement of a sustainable urban fabric. In the third step, a quantitative test was conducted on these four selected areas, classifying all the determinants that are associated with the sustainability indicators. This step was tested through a quantitative test list with a validation procedure. The fourth step was the quantitative analysis, where each indicator's rate was determined, considering the study cases. Each indicator's effectiveness was extracted separately, in order to determine each indicator's importance, compared to all the study cases. Finally, the results were processed by unpacking the scan tests on panels and converting them into graphical form using the Excel software.  
The quantitative analysis was based on survey tables to measure each indicator's sub-indicators, and examine how each of the study cities achieved these indicators, as well as the effectiveness of each indicator. Indicators were coded as in Table 3, to facilitate the analysis.  
Indicator Relationship Measurement  
The research relied on the inferential descriptive analysis method based on a set of variables, as shown in Figure 11. Moreover, through quantitative analysis, the relationships between the variables were measured, and Figure 12 shows the indicators after the coding process, noting that the indicators were only for the urban fabric.  
The results show that all the extracted values were close to the assumed value of sustainability, which is equal to one. Figures 11 and 12 show the variation in the importance of the effective indicators. As such, we could distinguish them in three ranges, according to their effectiveness values, where the first and second indicators occupied the first range; the eighth, third, and fifth indicators were in the second range; and the rest of the indicators were in the third range.  
It was also concluded, from the quantitative analysis, as shown in Table 4 that the total values of the indicators for the study cities were very close. They all achieved the urban fabric sustainability indicators significantly, as Damascus city achieved 86%, Yazd, achieved 85%, Baghdad achieved 84%, and Sana'a achieved 82%, as shown in Figure 12.  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Indicators** & **Yazd** & **Baghdad** & **Damascus** & **Sana’a** & **Percentage** \\ \hline Compact urban fabric & 0.9 & 0.85 & 1 & 0.9 & 91\% \\ \hline Origination of buildings and urban facades & 0.85 & 0.9 & 0.95 & 0.9 & 90\% \\ \hline Principle of streamlining spaces & 0.9 & 0.92 & 0.87 & 0.8 & 87\% \\ \hline Insertion of nature into the urban formation & 0.8 & 0.6 & 0.8 & 0.7 & 73\% \\ \hline Efficiency of land use & 0.85 & 0.98 & 0.79 & 0.78 & 85\% \\ \hline Integration with the ecosystem & 0.85 & 0.82 & 0.86 & 0.79 & 83\% \\ \hline Separating walking movement from the traffic movement & 0.8 & 0.8 & 0.8 & 0.8 & 80\% \\ \hline Urban facade formation & 0.85 & 0.92 & 0.87 & 0.9 & 89\% \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}
Table 4: Comparison of indicator values for the four study cities and their percentages of effectiveness.  
Figure 12: Indicators’ values for the four case study cities.