# Pull-Out Test and Mechanical Properties Analysis Based on Intelligent Bolt and Internet of Things
## 1 Introduction  
With the advent of the industry 4.0 era, China is undergoing a new wave of scientific and technological revolution and industrial transformation. New technologies, such as the Internet of Things, big data, and cloud computing, are being increasingly applied in engineering project construction [1], making efficient and high-speed access to big data possible, providing the basis for the digitization of the industry [2]; it provides help for the research and development of intelligent construction technology and engineering applications in the engineering field [3]. With the rapid development of infrastructure construction in China, slope instability issues are becoming increasingly prevalent. As one of the widely used reinforcement technologies in slope reinforcement, the theory of bolt support design is not mature at present, and the engineering design often relies more on the existing engineering experience. However, with the increasing complexity of practical engineering, its requirements are becoming more and more stringent. It is indispensable to take account of feedback and guide the bolt design in the project through the actual monitoring information of bolt support. In addition, the influence of environmental changes during the use of the bolt will cause the degradation of the anchoring function. To ensurethe safety of bolt support projects, it is crucial to conduct long-term monitoring and safety assessments of the anchoring system. Compared with traditional anchors, intelligent anchor detection technology has many significant advantages. In terms of detection accuracy, intelligent technology can monitor mechanical parameters such as axial force, strain and displacement in real time, automatically collect and transmit data, and reduce human error. In terms of safety, intelligent technology can analyze data in real time and predict disasters in advance. Economically, intelligent technology grasps the state of the bolt in real time, aids in targeted maintenance, and reduces construction costs. Therefore, both domestic and international scholars have conducted extensive research on the integration of Internet of Things technology with bolt support technology. [PERSON] et al. [4] employed their self-developed random non-destructive testing technology and equipment to conduct non-destructive testing and early warning analysis of bolt support quality in deep roadways across various mining areas. They summarized the relationship between changes in bolt axial force and the deformation and stability of roadway-surrounding rock at different mining stages. They proposed early warning technology for roadway-surrounding rock stability based on bolt axial force detection. Additionally, they provided early warning indices for bolt axial force at different mining stages and presented several successful early warning cases. Addressing the importance of monitoring roadway bolt loads and the limitations of conventional methods, [PERSON] et al. [5] developed a novel fiber Bragg grating bolt dynamometer, utilizing fiber Bragg grating (FBG) as the core sensing element through theoretical analysis, laboratory tests, and field trials. Calibration and performance testing of the bolt dynamometer demonstrated excellent linearity, repeatability, and high sensitivity. The monitoring system features intrinsic safety, electromagnetic interference resistance, and high reliability, making it well suited for broader adoption and application. [PERSON] et al. developed a real-time monitoring system with an intelligent early warning function by using LabVIEW software platform and applied it in the actual field. It is proved that the monitoring effect of the intelligent monitoring system developed by the grading development of the safety early warning of the bolt supporting slope is better, which can provide ideas for the intelligent monitoring and early warning system of the bolt-supporting slope structure [6].