# Solar Concentration for Wastewaters Remediation: A Review of Materials and Technologies
## 4 Wastewaters
### Real Pollutants  
The investigation of real wastewaters samples has taken place mainly in the last decade. Anyhow, the increasing importance of this approach demonstrates a constant switch from model investigations to real wastewater sources with the aim of solving the critical situation of pollution worldwide. Table 8 shows real industrial effluents already investigated such as olive mill wastewater, effluents from the beverage industry, micropollutants in municipal effluents, metallic wastes and surfactant-rich industrial wastewaters, mostly with CPC solar collectors. Both heterogeneous and homogeneous routes were used. Residual dyes from the textile industry were studied in 2015 as shown in Table 9 under homogeneous route using CPC solar collectors and ferrous solutions as catalyst. Table 10 shows investigation of real wastewater sources contaminated with pesticides containing Chlorpyrifos, lambda-cyhalothrin and diazinon using CPC or IPC solar collectors, employing homogeneous and heterogeneous photocatalysis routes. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c} \hline \hline \# & **Reference** & **Pollutant Tested** & **Solar Collector** & **Catalyst Material** & **Catalysis Type** \\ \hline
**6** & [PERSON] et al., 2012 [143] & Fusarium spores & CPC &
\begin{tabular}{c} Ferrous sulfate \\ heptabydate \\ \end{tabular} & Homogeneous \\ \hline
**7** & Nahim-Granados & \begin{tabular}{c} _E. coli_ O157:H7 and \\ et al. 2018 [144] \\ \end{tabular} & \
\begin{tabular}{c} _E. coli_ O157:H7 and \\ Salmonella enteritidis \\ \end{tabular} & IPC &
\begin{tabular}{c} Ferrous sulphate \\ hepthydrate and ferric \\ nitrate \\ \end{tabular} & Homogeneous \\ \hline
**8** & [PERSON] et al. 2017 & \
\begin{tabular}{c} agricultural \\ pathogenic fungi \\ (Curvularia sp.) \\ \end{tabular} & CPC &
\begin{tabular}{c} Ferrous sulfate \\ hepthydrate \\ \end{tabular} & Homogeneous \\ \hline
**9** & Rodriguez-Chueca & \
\begin{tabular}{c} _E. coli_, coliform \\ et al., 2014 [2] \\ \end{tabular} &
\begin{tabular}{c} CPC \\ Enterococcus faecalis \\ \end{tabular} & CPC & ferrous sulfate in slurry & Homogeneous \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 7: \(Cont.\) \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c} \hline \hline \# & **Reference** & **Pollutant Tested** & **Solar Collector** & **Catalyst Material** & **Catalysis Type** \\ \hline
**1** &
\begin{tabular}{c} [PERSON] et al., 2013 [146] \\ \end{tabular} & Olive mill wastewater & CPC & TiO\({}_{2}\) suspended & Heterogeneous \\ \hline
**2** & \
\begin{tabular}{c} [PERSON] et al., \\ 2015 [147] \\ \end{tabular} & Beverage industry effluents & CPC &
\begin{tabular}{c} Ferrioxalate, oxalic \\ acid \\ \end{tabular} & Homogeneous \\ \hline
**3** & \
\begin{tabular}{c} [PERSON] et al., \\ 2016 [148] \\ \end{tabular} & Municipal effluents with 53 micropollutants detection & IPC &
\begin{tabular}{c} HSO\({}^{-5}\)/Fe\({}^{+2}\) and \\ TiO\({}_{2}\) \\ \end{tabular} & Heterogeneous and \\ \hline
**4** &
\begin{tabular}{c} [PERSON] et al., \\ 2017 [149] \\ \end{tabular} & copper, iron, zinc and EDDS & CPC & TiO\({}_{2}\) suspended & Heterogeneous \\ \hline
**5** & [PERSON] et al., 2018 [54] & surfactant-rich industrial wastewaters & PDC & FeOx or FeCl\({}_{3}\) & Heterogeneous and \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 8: Real wastewaters (Industrial general chemical products). \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c} \hline \hline \# & **Reference** & **Pollutant Tested** & **Solar Collector** & **Catalyst Material** & **Catalysis Type** \\ \hline
**1** & \
\begin{tabular}{c} [PERSON] et al., \\ 2015 [150] \\ \end{tabular} & Textile dyes & CPC &
\begin{tabular}{c} ferric-organic ligand complexes \\ such as oxalic acid, citric acid \\ and EDDS, ferroixalate \\ \end{tabular} & Homogeneous \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 9: Real wastewaters (Dyes).