# AgriSecure: A Fog Computing-Based Security Framework for Agriculture 4.0 via Blockchain
## 1 Introduction  
Farming is the main source of food and contributes significantly to the economy. According to the FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations), by 2050, the demand for producing food must be increased by 70% to satisfy the world's demand. In recent studies, 550 million people of the world's population are in nutrition deficiencies; every day, around 820 million people are still not obtaining food. The study says that the world's population will increase to more than two billion, and most of the population will live in cities. It has also been observed that the population in India and Nigeria will increase to around 482 million between 2019 and 2050 [1]. The biggest challenging situation arises with this population growth to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) of zero hunger [2]. These projections for the near future have an impact on overall food demand. Because of the scarcity of water today, it isdifficult to meet only 40% of the water supply by 2030, and the unavailability of farming land will lead to a reduction in the food supply. As a result, the agriculture sector needs sufficient resources than are presently available, as well as more self-sustaining systems to boost cultivation percentages while reducing environmental resource use [3]. Though it might be appropriate to reach rising demand, it is unclear how to do so in an equitable and resilient manner. Again, there is a vital need to accelerate and scale up the agricultural production transformation [4]. Agriculture 4.0 can provide a way to increase agricultural efficiency with the available crop area. It also optimizes irrigation to use limited water and energy and allocate resources to protect crops effectively. Those would be possible through the integration of environmental monitoring, forecasting, and smart devices [5]. Smart farming's new technologies can enhance agricultural mechanisms, allowing cultivation to increase while using natural resources efficiently. Agricultural sector innovations are referred to as the \"digital agricultural revolution\", which turns most factors of agriculture, ensuing in more effective, efficient, self-sustaining, integrated, truthful, and self-reliant agriculture. Cellular devices, sensors, data analysis, fog computing, information security, and intelligent systems influence how technologies are integrated into the agricultural sector [6]. Nowadays, agriculture is changing quickly as it enters a new age known as Agriculture 4.0. Agriculture 4.0 seeks to employ new technology and approaches to address the issues facing modern agriculture (such as climatic alteration, illnesses, extreme application of resources, etc.) and to lower risks while enhancing production efficiency and safety [7]. To do this, it makes extensive use of cutting-edge ICTs. In addition to this evolution, there is a rising trend in food needs. Given the continual evolution and the rising need for food, it is anticipated that the market for agriculture 4.0 will expand greatly in the years to come. Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) and Internet of Things (IoT) technologies are widely utilized in Agriculture 4.0 and provide farmers with a number of advantages, including observing numerous environmental factors connected to crops, spotting crop illnesses, predicting yield, and lowering labor costs [8]. However, the Sensor and network connectivity and communications in farming might act as a base factor for many types of attacks since these devices frequently have obsolete or unpatched firmware or software [9]. Security is a top priority in agriculture, and any interruption or distortion may present difficult problems and have disastrous outcomes. Monitoring and categorization of network traffic, which have attracted a lot of attention since the earliest beginnings of the Internet, can be crucial to preventing network assaults [10]. Scientific research on network traffic categorization for IoT system security has been extensive.