# Near-Real-Time Global Thermospheric Density Variations Unveiled by Starlink Ephemeris
## 5 Conclusions
Data Availability Statement: (1) The Starlink ephemeris data are available on space-track.org ([[https://www.space-track.org/#publicFiles](https://www.space-track.org/#publicFiles)]([https://www.space-track.org/#publicFiles](https://www.space-track.org/#publicFiles))). (2) The method used to transform osculating orbital elements to mean orbital elements is based on the osculating2 mean toolbox ([[https://github.com/decenter2021/osculating2](https://github.com/decenter2021/osculating2) mean]([https://github.com/decenter2021/osculating2](https://github.com/decenter2021/osculating2) mean)). (3) The models used for the calculation of mechanical energy loss are as follows: gravity field model EGM2008 ([[https://icgem.gfz-potsdam.de/tom_longtime](https://icgem.gfz-potsdam.de/tom_longtime)]([https://icgem.gfz-potsdam.de/tom_longtime](https://icgem.gfz-potsdam.de/tom_longtime))), solid Earth tide model in IERS2010 ([[https://iers-conventions.obspm.fr/conventions_versions.php](https://iers-conventions.obspm.fr/conventions_versions.php)]([https://iers-conventions.obspm.fr/conventions_versions.php](https://iers-conventions.obspm.fr/conventions_versions.php))), ocean tide model EOT11a ([[https://www.tugraz.at/institute/ifg/downloads/ocean-tides](https://www.tugraz.at/institute/ifg/downloads/ocean-tides)]([https://www.tugraz.at/institute/ifg/downloads/ocean-tides](https://www.tugraz.at/institute/ifg/downloads/ocean-tides))), and JPL planetary and lunar ephemerides DE440 ([[https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/doc/de440_de441.html](https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/doc/de440_de441.html)]([https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/doc/de440_de441.html](https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/doc/de440_de441.html))). (4) The Swarm thermospheric density data can be obtained through ESA's data portal ([[https://swarmhandbook.earth.esa.int/catalogue/SW_DNSxPOD_2_](https://swarmhandbook.earth.esa.int/catalogue/SW_DNSxPOD_2_)]([https://swarmhandbook.earth.esa.int/catalogue/SW_DNSxPOD_2_](https://swarmhandbook.earth.esa.int/catalogue/SW_DNSxPOD_2_))). (5) The Geomagnetic and IMF indices are provided by OMNIWeb ([[https://omniweb.gsfc.nasa.gov/](https://omniweb.gsfc.nasa.gov/)]([https://omniweb.gsfc.nasa.gov/](https://omniweb.gsfc.nasa.gov/))). (6) The data presented in this study are openly available in zenodo at [[https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15281786](https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15281786)]([https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15281786](https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15281786)). (All URLs are accessed on 13 April 2025). We thank SpaceX for publicly releasing Starlink's ephemeris data; the NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center for providing the geomagnetic indices; and [PERSON], [PERSON], and [PERSON] for providing the open source osculating2 mean toolbox. The authors declare no conflicts of interest. The following abbreviations are used in this manuscript: \begin{tabular}{l l} GNSS & Global Navigation Satellite System \\ LEO & Low Earth Orbit \\ POD & Precise Orbit Determination \\ TLE & Two-Line Element \\ CHAMP & CHAllenging Ministatellite Payload \\ GRACE & Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment \\ GOCE & Gravity field and steady-state Ocean Circulation Explorer \\ GRACE-FO & Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment Follow-on \\ RAAN & Right Ascension of the Ascending Node \\ UTC & Coordinated Universal Time \\ UT & Universal Time \\ LT & Local Time \\ SMA & Semi-Major Axis \\ ESA & European Space Agency \\ IMF & Interplanetary Magnetic Field \\ Dst & Disturbance storm time \\ \end{tabular}