## 1 Introduction  
Innovations in cloud computing, edge computing, artificial intelligence, and improved cybersecurity have fundamentally changed the enterprise networking landscape in the modern era [1, 2, 3]. Today, enterprise networks are the foundation of digital transformation. They provide scalability, speed, and flexibility needed to meet the needs of contemporary business environments. Some of these are increased data throughput, hybrid and remote work environments, and easy access to varied applications in the cloud [4, 5, 6]. In order to satisfy these requirements, significant advancements in zero trust network access (ZTNA), software-defined networking (SDN), and enhanced network automation have become essential [7, 8]. These interventions enable enterprises to lower costs, enhance security features, and optimize organizational activities. An enterprise network represents an organization's local internet that allows file sharing, system access, and communication between employees and devices [9, 10, 11]. Through effective communication, users can analyze the performance of the connecting environment that propels business operations. Businesses, organizations, devices, and applications should maintain constant communication to facilitate messaging, calls, emails, and all forms of office operations. Such communication can exist between the staff, spreading across various local and international branches [12; 13]. Generally, an enterprise network consists of hardware and software units, including different structures that facilitate end-to-end service delivery [14]. A well-managed network supports thousands of devices and allows many users to work reliably in hundreds of sites worldwide at any time. The structure of these networks relies on intranets and extracts, intrinsically built on both local area network (LAN) and wide area network (WAN) technologies [15]. Security issues on the networks are then addressed through efficient management of internal and external traffic flow patterns [16; 17]. Enterprise networks utilize advanced networking and security technologies that allow users and devices to communicate securely and remotely from the office [18]. To perform optimally, there is need to incorporate high-speed and reliable information technology (IT) infrastructure. This helps to reduce communication protocols, alleviate bottlenecks, optimize-time, and enable smooth operations [19; 20]. In addition, hundreds of networking devices, such as switches and routers, are deployed to interconnect servers and end-user workstations. The interconnection can either be through wired (copper), fiber-optic, or wireless technologies [21]. Hence, seamless communication and device interoperability can be facilitated across a wide range of devices, such as smartphones, computers, tablets, and printers, with different operating systems (Android, Apple, Linux, and Windows). To provide guaranteed security, network connectivity in geographically heterogeneous locations is encrypted using virtual private networks (VPNs) [22]. The purpose of VPN encryption in enterprise environments is to restrict connectivity to specific users, devices, and facilities, unlike the internet. Apart from a connection provided to a user via a single router, an enterprise network hosts a series of connectivity between different devices and the internet. In large networks, an autonomous system number (ASN) may be assigned to provide seamless connection [23]. The earlier method employed in enterprise networking was to connect users and devices to centralized data centers located within the same premises. These data centers served as data repositories and platforms for running applications. In this manner, users and devices were granted access to the head office via LAN [24; 25; 26]. Thus, the LAN in each office usually formed a connected link to other offices through a large enterprise WAN.