## 1 Introduction  
During holidays (such as New Year's Day, National Day), the travel behavior and pattern are different from those of ordinary weekdays, and the distribution of traffic on the urban network is heterogeneous [1; 2]. It is essential to identify the congested area of the network and clarify the dynamic evolution characteristics. On this basis, control strategies for regional traffic flow could be implemented to relieve large-scale congestion. In recent years, the widespread collection and application of traffic data enables urban traffic flow to be analyzed on a large scale. [PERSON] and [PERSON] [3] used the field data from Yokohama (Japan) to verify the existence of the Macroscopic Fundamental Diagram (MFD) in a real network, which provided a novel way for the study of network traffic flow. Later, different methods have been proposed to investigate the existence, characteristics, influencing factors of the MFD based on field data, theoretical analysis, and numerical simulations [4; 5]. Moreover, several studies have been conducted to develop traffic management strategies based on the MFD [6]. The MFD describes the stable and reproducible relationship between the average flow, average density, and average speed of a network in a specific area. Take the advantage of the MFD, the states of network traffic flow can be predicted based on concise data. Furthermore, an important conclusion is derived that there is a constant ratio between the unit production and the rate at which cars reach their destinations, including cars leave the region along the perimeter and internally [3]. Based on this conclusion, the MFD could be explored for improving management and planning control strategies at the regional level. With the aid of the MFD, the macroscopic characteristics and dynamic evolutions of traffic flow could be clarified [7], and perimeter control strategies could be designed to alleviate regional traffic congestions [8; 9; 10]. In terms of network dynamic evolution and equilibrium analysis, many studies constructed two-region [11; 12] or multi-region [13; 14] dynamic evolution models, theoretically analyzing the equilibrium and stability and revealing the impacts of heterogeneity on the MFD. Furthermore, in order to deal with traffic congestions among different regions, some macroscopic traffic models were proposed to study regional perimeter control [15; 16; 17]. The controllers were designed to manipulate the ratio of transfer flows on the borders of two neighbor regions. Studying two-region models, [PERSON] et al. [17] and [PERSON] et al. [18] used the MFD to design the perimeter control and signal control strategy in the two-region system, which solved the traffic congestion problem in the core area and improved the mobility of the traffic flow in the region. Studying multi-region (more than two regions) models, [PERSON] et al. [19] and [PERSON] et al. [10] proposed a perimeter control for multiple regions to solve the problem of regional congestion and reduce the total delay of the network. The aforementioned literature regarding the MFD mainly concentrated on ordinary weekdays or weekends, whereas studies focusing on specific holidays with some traditional activities have not been fully developed. In terms of data analysis, [PERSON] et al. [20] observed distinct characteristics of the MFD on weekdays and weekends with the empirical data in the CBD of Daegu. The MFD showed a highly aggregated relationship on weekends, but exhibited bifurcations in a high-density state on weekdays. [PERSON] et al. [21] analyzed the network data of Sendai City throughout one year and found that the characteristics of the MFD on weekdays and weekends were different. On weekdays, hysteresis loops appeared only in the morning and evening peaks, whereas a larger hysteresis loop appeared throughout the whole day on Saturday. On Sunday, there would be no hysteresis. Regarding the research on the network traffic flow characteristics during holidays, [PERSON] et al.