# Password Managers--It's All about Trust and Transparency
## 4 Results
### Online Questionnaire Study
#### 4.3.2 Users of Password Managers
The results show that 48% of Chrome users found it difficult to recover their master password (Gmail password), while 23% disagreed as they found it easy to recover it. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{l l l l} \hline \hline
**Chrome** & **LastPass** & **1 Password** & **KeePass** \\ \hline
52 users & 23 users & 10 users & 5 users \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 25: Analyzing 4 different password managers (number of users for each program). Previous studies on password managers did not primarily focus on users of password managers and stored passwords. In this study, we believe that there are many users of password managers who have trust and transparency issues and security concerns as regards the password managers they use (Table 26). Also, we wanted to find out if there was any significant difference between 62 experts and 51 non-experts via a set of questions about password managers. Please note that we used a Mann Whitney test to check for a significant difference between experts and non-experts (Table 27). First, we asked user participants if they knew where passwords are stored in a password manager; the findings are that 51% of users of password managers know where passwords are stored, 30% of users do not know, while 19% are not sure about the location of stored passwords. We analyzed these results in depth to discover which groups of users know more about their stored passwords. Half of Chrome and LastPass users know where their passwords are stored, while five expert users of KeePass know the place of stored passwords. However, around half of users of Chrome and LastPass, four Safari users and 4 Dashlane users are not sure or do not about the location of stored passwords. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{l c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Questions** & **Strongly Agree** & **Agree** & **Neutral** & **Disagree** & **Strongly Disagree** \\ \hline I know where my online & & & & & & \\ passwords have been stored in a password manager. & 18\% & 33\% & 19\% & 21\% & 9\% \\ \hline I fully understand how a password manager process my online passwords. & 18\% & 18\% & 23\% & 34\% & 7\% \\ \hline I feel confident to use browser & & & & & \\ extension of a password manager & 19\% & 46\% & 22\% & 5\% & 5\% \\ to fill in my passwords. & & & & & \\ \hline I trust the vendor of a password & & & & & \\ manager to store all my online passwords including my sensitive passwords. & 12\% & 39\% & 24\% & 17\% & 8\% \\ \hline I worry about losing all my passwords that are stored in a password manager. & 12\% & 38\% & 17\% & 25\% & 8\% \\ \hline I am aware that a password manager will synchronize my passwords across my devices using the vendor’s services. & 30\% & 42\% & 19\% & 7\% & 2\% \\ \hline I trust a password manager to delete my password permanently from its database after I delete it from my vault/browser. & 14\% & 33\% & 25\% & 18\% & 10\% \\ \hline I fear that a password manager will fail to work or retrieve my passwords, so I store my passwords in a secondary place. & 5\% & 20\% & 22\% & 38\% & 15\% \\ \hline I fear that all my passwords in a password manager will be exposed if my master password is compromised. & 28\% & 37\% & 18\% & 11\% & 3\% \\ \hline I write my master password down and store it in a safe place. & 8\% & 17\% & 9\% & 21\% & 41\% \\ \hline I have opened my password manager account on a shared computer. & 4\% & 13\% & 11\% & 37\% & 35\% \\ \hline I would let password manager store my bank details and passport information. & 13\% & 29\% & 10\% & 19\% & 27\% \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 26: Twelve questions were answered by 113 user participants about the password managers they use. A few users answered (N/A) to questions 3 and 9 (3%), question 10 (4%), question 12 (2%). Similarly, we asked user participants if they knew how passwords are processed in password managers; 41% of users did not know how their passwords are processed at the other end, 23% were not sure, while only 36% of users fully understood the process.