## 2 Related Works  
In the 1990s, as part of the Strategic Defense Initiative (SDI), the United States began exploring laser communication between satellites and naval vessels. However, limitations in atmospheric-turbulence-compensation technology at the time constrained practical system performance. After 2000, advancements in adaptive optics enabled real-timecorrection of phase distortions caused by atmospheric turbulence, significantly improving the stability of laser communication. A notable milestone was achieved in 2001, when MIT Lincoln Laboratory successfully demonstrated laser communication between ships and aircraft. The first successful ship-to-ship laser communication was not realized until 2013, through experiments conducted by the U.S. Naval Research Laboratory (NRL). This breakthrough employed integrated high-precision gyroscopes and fast-steering mirrors to compensate for ship roll/pitch motions (\(\pm 5^{\circ}\) amplitude), achieving pointing accuracy below 20 \(\upmu\)rad.  
Currently, servo turntable scanning remains the predominant method for laser communication in shipborne electro-optical tracking systems. For instance, [PERSON] proposed a GPS-guided autonomous coarse tracking approach. This method transmits target location data provided by GPS to the coarse tracking system's control computer via wireless networks. Subsequently, the system calculates the required rotational angles to precisely control the motor-driven turntable. This approach reduces coarse tracking latency and mitigates environmental interference [15]. [PERSON] introduced a dual time-varying boundary-layer sliding-mode control strategy for shipborne turntable position servo systems. Through the application of this control method, precise regulation of the turntable's positional servo system is achieved [16]. [PERSON] developed an intelligent shipborne electro-optical tracking system based on genetic algorithms and neural networks. The system employs nonlinear compensation to reduce complexity, enhance the learning efficiency of the neural network, and address convergence challenges arising from nonlinear noise in practical applications, enabling intelligent control [17].  
All aforementioned shipborne electro-optical tracking systems employ servo turntables as actuators for the scanning process. Servo turntables exhibit drawbacks such as bulky dimensions, excessive weight, poor installation flexibility, significant mechanical inertia, slow response speeds (typically below 100 ms), and limited stabilization accuracy (approximately 0.03\({}^{\circ}\)). Consequently, researchers have begun replacing conventional servo turntables with compact devices such as rotating mirrors and Risley prisms for beam scanning, target acquisition, and tracking operations [18].  
Based on our investigation, we found that documented applications of compact devices such as rotating mirrors and Risley prisms for beam scanning in shipborne electro-optical platforms remain scarce. Furthermore, their implementation on maritime platforms exhibits substantial limitations due to environmental constraints and dynamic operational requirements. Rotating mirrors offer wide scanning ranges but suffer from substantial mechanical inertia, low scanning frequencies (10-30 Hz), and susceptibility to hull-induced vibrations. Prism-based scanning demonstrates flexible scanning angles and superior vibration resistance compared to rotating mirrors, but it requires complex optical configurations and faces chromatic-dispersion issues.