## 4 Results
### Experimental Results
#### 4.4.2 Electoral Campaign  
Similar observations can be made when tracking both electoral processes changing the perspective to that of each political party (Figure 5. The monitoring of authorities was conducted from 1 April, twelve days before candidates kick-started the campaign and unveiled the official slogans of the parties. PSOE's and VOX's slogans, #hazquepase (make it happen) and #porespana (for Spain), however, were not used until 2 April, while Ciudadanos' one (#vamosciudadanos, let's go ciudadanos) was not presented until Sunday 7 April, where it had the most activity. The relative activity of each of the five nationwide parties is shown in Figure 6, where the simultaneous and sudden fall of activity right after the campaign ends also becomes visible. Figure 4: Daily relative amount of tweets extracted using #28a, #26m, #eleccionesgenerales28a, and #elecciones26m (in percentage). Notice the spikes at the end of each electoral period for the latter two. Figure 3: Tracking the relevancy of the general hashtags in the election period; notice how #28a (campaign) is followed by #eleccionesgenerales28a (results) and the interest in #26m surges right afterwards, also ending in a result-related topic (#elecciones26m) after the 26M vote. Immediately after the end of the 28A campaign, there is remarkable surge of interest in the next campaign, as previously shown in Figures 3 and 4. Our unattended tracking method eliminates the need to intervene; as soon as the new slogans are revealed, they are captured (Figure 7) just like in the previous campaign. A couple of things are worth mentioning here in any case. First, there was, in general, less interest in the 26M campaign than in the 28A from a communication point of view. Second, the hashtags associated with the 26M process had, in general, little to do with those used during the 28A, which again, would have complicated early tracking of these. Another case of interest is depicted in Figure 8, with a side-by-side comparison between the official slogan of the party (#porespana, for Spain) and their preferred hashtag on social media (#españavia, the living Spain), which became the number one hashtag in 39% of the time windows (Table 2). This basically implies that, if only the \"official\" slogans had been followed, the extraction would have resulted in 455,954 tweets but failed to extract 536,889 tweets containing the #españavia hashtag. This is just another example of an unpredictable topic that our method did capture which, in this particular example, coincides with the most used hashtag over the four months. Figure 5: Calendar heatmap for the official slogan per party (top 5 parties) during the Spanish general elections campaign. Figure 6: Daily relative amount of tweets extracted using each party’s slogan (#hazquepase, #valorseguro, #vamosciudadanos, #lahistorialaescribestó, and #porespña) in percentage. Notice how the activity ceases after the election day. Let us focus on the activity related to PSOE--the party that won the elections--and follow the automatic evolution of their hashtags over time. As Figure 9 shows, the 1 st of April marks the highest point for #laespafaquequeires (the Spain that you want) where the PSOE candidates asked their followers in Twitter for suggestions on their candidature, supposedly to include them in their electoral program. The relevancy of this first hashtag quickly went down (without disappearing from the top 10 in many time periods), handing over the baton to the official slogan for the 28A elections, #hazquepase (make it happen). However, the most notable effect of our method is clear when analyzing the third hashtag, #hicissteisquepasara (you made it happen). It is not only unlikely to predict the winner of the elections, but it is also nearly impossible to guess the hashtag that would be used to celebrate such event, with more than 30,000 tweets extracted during the 48 h that followed the announcement of the results.