## 1 Introduction  
One of the foremost environmental challenges in recent years is the management of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Among all the GHGs, anthropogenic CO\({}_{2}\) is responsible for over 60% of global warming due to the immense quantities released into the atmosphere [1]. Since monitoring began in 1958, the rate of CO\({}_{2}\) concentration increase in the atmosphere has shifted from less than 1 ppm per year before 1970 to over 2 ppm per year in recent times [2]. In response to current demands, numerous researchers have suggested various methods for CO\({}_{2}\) removal, including adsorption, absorption, electroreduction, photocatalytic reduction, and catalytic reduction [3; 4; 5; 6]. The average concentration of CO\({}_{2}\) in February 2024 stood at 423 ppm [7], and projections suggest it could rise to between 720 and 1000 ppm by the end of the century if current trends persist [8]. Porous materials like activated carbons, zeolites, and polymeric substances are being explored as CO\({}_{2}\) adsorbents [9; 10]. Activated carbon offers numerous benefits, including cost efficiency, excellent chemical and thermal stability, and low regeneration energy requirements [11; 12; 13]. Due to these advantages, many researchers view activated carbon as a promising adsorbent for CO\({}_{2}\) capture. Consequently, continuous efforts have been made to enhance the CO\({}_{2}\) adsorption capacity of activated carbon [14; 15; 16]. Several researchers have confirmed that the surface morphology [17; 18; 19; 20] and chemical composition [18; 21; 22; 23] of carbons significantly influence their ability to CO\({}_{2}\) adsorption. Investigations, such as those conducted by some authors [24; 25], have demonstrated that the CO\({}_{2}\) adsorption capacity at atmospheric pressure on activated carbons correlates directly with their specific surface area. Other authors emphasize the significant role of total pore volume [26], while others focus on the importance of micropores [27]. Theoretical studies aiming to identify the optimal pore size in laminar-type structures have indicated that pore diameters ranging from 0.57 to 0.72 nm are optimal [22]. Experimental studies have corroborated this range. [PERSON] et al. [18] indicated the importance of ultra-micropores with diameters of 0.4-0.6 nm. [PERSON] et. al. [20] showed that the CO\({}_{2}\) adsorption is correlated with a high volume of pores with diameters of 0.30-0.82 nm. It has been suggested that integrating nitrogen-containing groups into carbon is an effective strategy to enhance CO\({}_{2}\) adsorption capacity. Nitrogen-enriched porous carbons derived from petroleum coke as the carbon precursor that were subsequently modified with urea and activated using KOH under different conditions were described [28]. The urea modification resulted in the introduction of a substantial amount of nitrogen groups into the carbon matrix. Materials with varying porosity and nitrogen content were obtained. The highest adsorption at 25 \({}^{\circ}\)C was 4.40 mmol/g. This material did not contain the highest amount of nitrogen nor the highest volume of micropores or pores with diameters less than 1 nm. Nevertheless, the authors claim that the highest capacity for CO\({}_{2}\) adsorption is attributed to the presence of fine micropores (<1 nm) and significant nitrogen doping. The nitrogen-rich carbon precursor and KOH, as an activating agent, were applied for the preparation of N-doped activated carbons [29]. The authors obtained materials that exhibit different levels of porosity and nitrogen content. The highest CO\({}_{2}\) adsorption was obtained for material displaying remarkably high nitrogen content (22.3 wt%) and a substantial surface area (1317 m\({}^{2}\)/g), along with a significant pore volume (0.27 cm\({}^{3}\)/g) consisting predominantly of ultra-micropores less than 0.7 nm in diameter. While the values of textural parameters for this particular material were the highest, the nitrogen content was not the highest compared to other materials.