## 1 Introduction  
The last decade has witnessed an immense increase in carpal injuries, of which 60-70% of injuries seem to be scaphoid fractures of the carpal bone [1]. The development of metallic biomaterials for the regeneration of bone after fractures has proven an effective therapeutic solution. However, several side effects of the currently available biomedical materials have been encountered, such as tenovaginitiis, arthrosis, and carpal tunnel syndrome from the scaphoid implantation procedure [2]. Therefore, the current implant industry requires a solution to deal with emerging bone-related issues such as osteoporosis, osteoarthritis, bone cancer, infection in the bones, etc. For this, the search for multifunctional biomaterial composites has been under way, which could provide immediate strength to sustain the physiological environment and work as an antibiotic. The demand for a novel biomaterial for the orthopedic industry has brought together various brains with different expertise to brainstorm many solutions. Nonetheless, several conventionally used metals, such as Ti alloys [3; 4], Fe and its alloys [5],etc., have been introduced for implant applications; their high strength (more significant than that of natural bone) leads to several negative factors. These include swelling and inflammation due to rigid movement of the bones, stress-shielding, high costs incurred in re-implantation, etc. [6]. In addition, several polymers and ceramics have also been investigated for the same, but their high corrosion rate and toxicity issues have limited their application [7]. In order to rectify such restrictions, the ideal implant ought to be biodegradable, biocompatible, and display the same mechanical properties as that of natural bone. Although ceramics have excellent corrosion resistance properties, their brittleness makes them challenging to use as load-bearing materials [8]. On the other hand, polymer-based scaffolds cannot resist mechanical loads and stresses during orthopedic implantation [9; 10]. This has led to the development of porous metals with adequate mechanical strength to withstand stresses and provide a higher surface area to promote the ingrowth of the patient's bone. Among such metals, magnesium (Mg) and its alloys and composites have been one of the most promising materials for the same. These are lightweight and highly biocompatible with a density of 1.73 g/cm\({}^{3}\) and a low modulus (41-45 GPa) [11; 12], similar to that of natural bone, reducing the problems of multiple surgeries and stress-shielding. Despite its high biocompatibility, its low corrosion resistance has reduced its efficacy as a noble implant material. Several reinforcing elements have been introduced to improve the corrosion resistance of Mg and its osteoconductivity. [PERSON] et al. [13] developed an Mg/PLGA composite scaffold using a solvent casting and salt leaching method. PLGA worked as a pH buffering agent by increasing the sustainability of the Mg scaffold for ten weeks. The scaffold improved osteogenesis and reduced the inflammatory response under in vivo studies. Another study by [PERSON] et al. [14] highlighted a powder metallurgy route for synthesizing a porous Mg scaffold by using naphthalene particles as a porogen. The scaffold provided a compressive strength of 24 \(\pm\) 4.5 MPa to 184 \(\pm\) 9.9 MPa. The strength seems to reduce with an increase in the concentration of the porogen. That study revealed that the corrosion of the scaffold was primarily dependent on the percentage of porogen addition. Moreover, the synergy of ceramic and metal results in a material with superior mechanical strength. Metals like cobalt-chromium or titanium offer toughness and ductility, while ceramics like alumina or zirconia give high hardness and resistance to wear. The overall better mechanical performance and endurance of ceramic-metal composite implants are further enhanced by the elimination of stress shielding effects, an even load distribution, and enhanced corrosion resistance. [PERSON] et al.