## 4 Results  
### Logistics Performance  
The logistics sector in Pakistan and China is in the early stages of growth. Determining the best location for LC in Pakistan is a multifaceted process that is dependent on several key factors. The Gwadar Port Area in Baluchistan stands out as an important logistics hub due to its proximity to the Gwadar Port, coastal highway access, and ongoing infrastructure development. Similarly, Balochistan's Ormara Port benefits from its strategic coastal location and connectivity to major cities, ensuring seamless maritime trade operations. Port Qasim in Karachi gains importance as an economic hub due to its proximity to Karachi and well-developed transportation infrastructure. The strategic coastal location of the Port of Pasni, as well as the associated logistics infrastructure, contributes to its role in facilitating trade (Table 4). Beyond ports, logistics hubs in Gilgitt, Peshawar, Quetta, and Karachi are strategically located to take advantage of geographical importance, proximity to neighboring countries, and well-established transportation networks (Table 5).  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c} \hline \hline
**Location of Ports** & **Key Factors** & **Significance** \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{Gwadar} & Proximity to Gwadar Port, coastal highway, and infrastructure development & Vital logistics hub, central to CPEC, strategic coastal position \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{Ormara} & Strategic coastal location, connectivity to major cities & Facilitates seamless maritime trade operations \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{Qasim, Karachi} & Proximity to Karachi; well-developed transportation infrastructure & Economic hub, significant for maritime trade operations \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{Pasni} & Strategic coastal position, associated logistics infrastructure & Facilitates trade operations \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}
Table 4: Ports and their significance.  
Figure 1: FD–TOPSIS methodology.  
Tianjin emerged as a critical logistics center in China due to its proximity to the capital city of Beijing and its strategic connection to the Tianjin Port, which is a major gateway, Khashgar, which is strategically located at the border and a component of China's Belt and Road Initiative (BRI), is critical in facilitating trade with Central Asian countries (Table 6).  
The Gwadar Port Area case study in Baluchistan provides a more in-depth examination. Gwadar, located along the Arabian Sea, is an important stop on the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC), making it a regional trade hub (Figure 2). Ongoing infrastructure projects, such as road networks and a free trade zone, highlight the country's potential as a logistics powerhouse. Gwadar is approximately 620 km from Karachi, 873 km from Quetta, and approximately 1450 km from Islamabad. These factors highlight how Gwadar's strategic location, infrastructure development, and involvement in regional economic initiatives position it as a key logistics center in Pakistan.  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c} \hline \hline
**City** & **Location** & **Key Factors** \\ \hline Tianjin & China & It is close to Beijing, has a strategic connection to Tianjin \\  & & Port, and has a crucial role as a logistics center. \\ \hline Khashgar & China & Strategic border location, part of China’s Belt and Road \\  & & Initiative (BRI), and trade facilitation with Central Asian \\  & & countries. \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}
Table 6: Chinese cities and their key factors.  
Figure 2: Locations of logistics centers in Pakistan.  
Furthermore, the logistics center location decision-making process includes a comprehensive analysis that takes into account economic, regulatory, and environmental considerations for a holistic understanding of each location's viability.