## 1 Introduction
In fact, PCMs necessitate guaranteeing a minimum of three rudimentary needs to be efficiently incorporated into the components of construction (such as structures and incorporated energy regimes): (1) an elevated melting enthalpy, (2) a suitable temperature of phase change, and (3) a limited volume variation through the phase change. Further features, like safety and heat conductivity, and many methodical as well as economic issues, such as manufacture cost and usage mode, have to be taken into account while selecting the correct PCM [20; 21; 22; 23; 24; 25]. Over the last decade, there has been a significant surge in academic interest in PCMs as a result of the widespread availability of products at affordable prices and potential areas of utilisation in building applications [26]. Walls, ceilings, roofs, and windows are all examples of building components or structural members that can integrate PCMs [27; 28; 29]. To develop lighter architectural structures, PCM integration often reduces the mass density of the final materials. The usage of latent heat storage materials like PCMs was extensively researched by the technical community due to their significant perspective in relation to the enhanced heat of melting [30, 31, 32, 33, 34]. Cement, gypsum, concrete, brick, etc. are all viable options for the construction of interior walls. Many efforts have been undertaken in recent years to develop materials for construction that are capable of storing as well as releasing thermal energy. Although a large-scale study failed to demonstrate efficiency, [PERSON] et al. [35] claimed that passive thermal treatments using PCMs may significantly lower the risk of bridge freezing. [PERSON] et al. [36] looked at how microcapsules' decay affected their thermo-physical characteristics. This may happen, for instance, as a result of mechanical stress experienced during the mixing of PCM and concrete. The experiments revealed that the damaged PCMs lost roughly 12% of their fusion heat and 28% of their specific heat capacity. The heat conductivity of porous construction materials like wood [37] and concrete [38] has been the subject of modelling efforts as well, with the goal of developing fractal-based models to make predictions. [PERSON] and [PERSON] [39] conducted a numerical analysis of the thermal reactions of bridge decks at twelve different sites using the CONTEMP computer model and found that the latent heat released by PCM might lower the yearly frequency of freeze-thaw cycles by roughly 30%. According to the research by [PERSON] and [PERSON] [40], incorporating PCMs onto bridge decks might be an effective technique for elongating their useful life. Freeze-thaw management (FCM) using paraffin oil and methyl laurate was studied by [PERSON] et al. [41]. Using a differential scanning calorimeter (DSC), they compared the efficiency of two PCM impregnation techniques, namely, lightweight aggregate filling and tube filling. [PERSON] et al. [42] directed a comprehensive analysis of the most current research on the TES using phase change materials in construction applications. Furthermore, the PCMs for sustainable and energy-efficient construction were the subject of a comprehensive study by [PERSON] et al. [43]. [PERSON] and [PERSON] [44] provided an overview of PCMs, how to include them, and how they affect concrete's characteristics both while it is fresh and after it is hardened. The PCMs' thermal performance in concrete was also discussed, as were their stability and any issues encountered while incorporating them into the material. From the above, it can be stated that research has not yet been conducted to examine all the important factors involved in utilising PCMs in the concrete industry, such as the categorization of these materials as organic, inorganic, and others. Furthermore, the associated challenges of utilising PCMs in the concrete industry have not yet been critically appraised.