## 5 Conclusions and Future Work  
This paper presents an innovative architecture based on the blockchain to enhance the security and efficiency of vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs). VANETs are interconnected through the forwarding and exchange of messages between vehicular nodes and are not only crucial for intelligent transport systems, but are also highly susceptible to various security threats. To mitigate these threats, our proposal employs two parallel blockchains, known as the event chain and the reputation chain, which work in collaboration to track and record all actions performed by the nodes in the network. Utilizing a comprehensive set of reputation evaluation schemes based on multifactorial Bayesian inference and historically accumulated reputation values, we succeeded in reducing observation errors and improving reliability in the nodes' reputation assessments. These schemes, accompanied by an attenuation factor and a numerical threshold, minimize the possibility of attacks such as collusion and false information injection. Detailed experiments demonstrated that our dual-layer blockchain architecture achieved an 86% success rate in mitigating hostile behaviors, thus outperforming existing alternatives. These results suggest that the proposed architecture represents a significant advance in secure and efficient reputation management for VANETs. In light of the burgeoning exigencies for vehicular network security and the escalating complexity of cyber threats, our research presents a seminal dual-layer blockchain architecture for VANETs. The salient feature of this innovative system is the synergetic operation of the event chain and the reputation chain. These dual structures meticulously chronicle vehicular communications, thereby engendering a robust bulwark against a spectrum of adversarial maneuvers within the network's ecosystem. Our empirical analysis underscores the prowess of the proposed framework, which was substantiated by a battery of simulations that rigorously benchmarked the system across a gamut of performance metrics. The latency benchmarks, which are pivotal for real-time vehicular communication, were commendably lower than the stringent industry standards, which buttresses the framework's suitability for instantaneous data exchange:  
* Latency: The latency measurements underscore a remarkable reduction, thereby substantially enhancing the responsiveness of vehicular communication channels. * Jitter: The measured jitter remained within the confines of operational tolerance, thus reinforcing the reliability and stability of the vehicular network. * Packet Delivery Ratio (PDR): A superior PDR, eclipsing the 95 th percentile, affirms the robustness of the data transmission protocols under our blockchain-enabled regime. * Energy Efficiency: The framework's commendable energy efficiency metrics herald a new epoch of sustainable VANET architectures, thereby paving the way for greener intelligent transportation systems. The innovative fusion of blockchain's immutable ledger with dynamic vehicular networks has culminated in a significant elevation of security proficiency. The architecture's ability to detect and neutralize malevolent entities with an 86% success rate is a testament to its formidable defense mechanisms. Prospective research shall endeavor to refine the consensus mechanisms further, with a particular focus on curtailing latency and jitter to the lowest feasible margins. Additionally, the integration of state-of-the-art cryptographic modalities is envisaged to amplify the security fortifications of the system. The blockchain-infused architectural paradigm for VANETs profered herein stands validated as a potent catalyst in ameliorating network security and operational efficiency. The encouraging simulation outcomes lend credence to the framework's applicability in contemporary vehicular networks, thereby heralding the evolution of safer and more dependable intelligent transportation systems.