## 3 Results
### Periodontal Indexes
#### 3.1.2 Clinical Attachment Loss (CAL)  
For clinical attachment loss (CAL) a general reduction, deemed a clinical improvement, was observed after periodontal treatment in the anterior area; 18 sites (10.71%) at T1 and 10 sites (5.95%) at T2 showed a statistically significant reduction. In the posterior area, CAL was statistically significantly reduced at 13 sites (7.73%) at T1 and 13 sites (7.73%) at T2.  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{l l l l l l} \hline \hline  & & & & **Estimate** & **Estimate** \\
**(a) Tooth** & **Measure** & **Percentage** & **Time** & **Minimum** & **Maximum** \\  & & & & **Value (mm)** & **Value (mm)** \\ \hline Anterior teeth & CAL & 10.71\% & T1 & \(-\)1.44 & \(-\)3.22 \\ Posterior teeth & CAL & 13.54\% & T1 & \(-\)1.00 & \(-\)3.60 \\ Anterior teeth & CAL & 5.95\% & T2 & \(-\)1.67 & \(-\)3.00 \\ Posterior teeth & CAL & 13.54\% & T2 & \(-\)1.15 & \(-\)3.18 \\ Posterior tooth & CAL & 0.59\% & T2 & 3.85 & 3.85 \\ \hline \hline
**(b) Tooth** & **Measure** & **Percentage** & **Time** & **Estimate** & **Estimate** \\  & & & & **Value (mm)** & **Value (mm)** \\ \hline Posterior tooth & CAL & 0.59\% & T2 & 1.22 & 1.22 \\ Posterior tooth & CAL & 0.59\% & T2 & \(-\)1.40 & \(-\)1.40 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}
Table 2: (**a**) T0 was used as reference. The percentage of sites refers to statistically significant changes only for CAL index; it is related to all 168 sites sampled. The minimum and maximum values refer to statistically significant measurements only. (**b**) T1 was used as reference. The percentage of sites refers to statistically significant changes only for CAL index; it is related to the total of 168 sites sampled. The minimum and maximum values refer to statistically significant measurements only.  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{l l l l l l} \hline \hline  & & & & **Estimate** & **Estimate** \\
**(a) Tooth** & **Measure** & **Percentage** & **Time** & **Minimum** & **Maximum** \\  & & & & **Value (mm)** & **Value (mm)** \\ \hline Anterior teeth & PPD & 15.47\% & T1 & \(-\)0.67 & \(-\)2.89 \\ Posterior teeth & PPD & 17.85\% & T1 & \(-\)0.67 & \(-\)3.60 \\ Anterior teeth & PPD & 22.02\% & T2 & \(-\)0.78 & \(-\)3.22 \\ Posterior teeth & PPD & 30.35\% & T2 & \(-\)0.78 & \(-\)3.88 \\ \hline \hline
**(b) Tooth** & **Measure** & **Percentage** & **Time** & **Estimate** & **Estimate** \\  & & & & **Value (mm)** & **Value (mm)** \\ \hline Anterior teeth & PPD & 4.76\% & T2 & \(-\)0.67 & \(-\)1.00 \\ Posterior teeth & PPD & 2.38\% & T2 & \(-\)0.66 & \(-\)1.76 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}
Table 3: (**a**) T0 was used as reference. The percentage of sites refers to statistically significant changes only for PPD index and is related to all 168 sites sampled. The minimum and maximum values refer to statistically significant measurements only. (**b**) T1 was used as reference. The percentage of sites refers to statistically significant changes for the PPD index only and is related to all 168 sites sampled. The minimum and maximum values refer to statistically significant measurements only.  
The evaluation of data after orthodontic treatment, with respect to T1, showed a statistically significant improvement of attachment loss on 1 vestibular site (0.59%) and a worsening on 1 site (0.59%) (Table 2).