## 3 Results  
### Statistical Analysis  
Understanding the demographic and behavioral characteristics of survey respondents is crucial for interpreting patterns in their responses. This section explores key variables through statistical distributions, aiming to contextualize the broader study. These variables include gender, age, living environment, educational attainment, and cigarette use preferences (Table 1). The dataset analyzed in this chapter was derived from a structured survey. Key columns were selected for relevance, including gender, age, living environment, educational level, and type of cigarettes used. Gender was classified as male, female, or other, while age was reported in years. Living environments were grouped into cities over 500,000 residents, cities 150,000-500,000 residents, cities 50,000-150,000 residents, cities up to 50,000 residents, and rural areas. Educational levels were categorized as university, secondary, vocational, lower secondary or primary. Cigarette use was divided into three categories: electronic, traditional, or both. After collecting 100 completed surveys, the following results were obtained. The age distribution of respondents was primarily concentrated in the early twenties, with the majority being under 30 years of age, forming a unimodal pattern. Regarding the living environment, a significant proportion of participants reported residing in large urban areas, followed by those living in medium-sized cities. Educational attainment skewed toward higher levels, with most respondents reporting secondary or university education, while vocational and primary education were less represented. As for smoking preferences, electronic cigarettes emerged as the most commonly used product, followed by a substantial number of individuals who used both electronic and traditional cigarettes. Exclusive use of traditional cigarettes was the least common among the sample. The Family Relationship Assessment Scale (FRAC) (Table 2) provides valuable insights into familial dynamics by evaluating family support, family conflicts, and family togetherness. Each FRAC subscale (Family Support, Family Conflict, Family Togetherness) is based on a 5-point Likert scale, where 1 indicates the lowest and 5 the highest level of the \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{l l c} \hline
**Variable** & **Categories** & **Frequency (\%)** \\ \hline Gender & Male/Female/Other & 44/54/2 \\ Age & Mean (SD): 23.4 (4.6); Range: 18–39 & — \\ Living Environment & Rural/\textless{}50 k/50–150 k/150–500 k/\textgreater{}500 k & 12/9/15/30/34 \\ Educational Attainment & Primary/Lower Secondary/Vocational/Secondary/University & 2/6/12/42/38 \\ Smoking Behavior & Electronic/Traditional/Both & 43/21/36 \\ \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 1: Participant demographics and smoking preferences (N = 100). measured dimension. In this study, all scores are reported as group means within the valid range of 1-5. This analysis investigates these dimensions among individuals with different smoking behaviors: electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) users, traditional cigarette smokers, and both types of cigarettes smokers. E-cigarette users reported the highest levels of family support, with an average score of 4.22. This suggests that they perceive strong support within their family environment. Conversely, traditional cigarette smokers reported the lowest level of support, averaging 3.50, indicating weaker familial bonds or a sense of reduced support. Dual users, who consume both e-cigarettes and traditional cigarettes, fell in between with a support score of 3.67, reflecting moderate family support but potentially influenced by the complexity of their smoking behaviors. In terms of family conflicts, the interpretation of scores is inverted--lower scores indicate fewer conflicts. E-cigarette users had the lowest conflict score, averaging 1.81, which reflects minimal tensions within their family dynamics.