## 6 Conclusions  
In this paper, we propose a protocol, intelligent cluster-based multi-unmanned aerial vehicle (ICBM-UAV), used the UAVs' deployment in the disaster area to achieve coverage on-demand. For handling multi-UAVs and data transferring from disaster areas toward the CBS, the clustering methodology is used, which provides reliable and effective communication among UAVs, CHs, and the base station (BS). The ICBM-UAV protocol can realize CH formation and the maintenance of the network, establishes the cluster structure with more stability, and decreases control overhead in both environments with and without obstacles. The protocol focused on avoiding the redundancy of UAVs in such a way that if two drones send similar data to a CH, one drone is put into a sleeping mode. Afterwards, when the active UAV's energy is decreased below the given threshold, then the CH will activate the sleeping UAV and replace the current one with the activated one by using the clustering technique. This helps significantly in decreasing workload and network congestion. The results show that the average lifetime of the cluster versus the maximum range or coverage area in which the average number of nodes in each CH selected is the same as the existing protocols, which makes our protocol more effective. The results show that ICBM-UAV works more efficiently than the existing state-of-the-art protocols such as AODV, OSLR, and flocking mechanisms in terms of throughput, PDR, and coverage area probability, in both environments with and without obstacles.  
Figure 14: Coverage probability without obstacles.  
Figure 15: Coverage probability with obstacles.  
In the future, we will extend the working of the ICBM-UAV protocol by applying AI strategies to perform and predict the further requirements and challenges of the entire network.  
[PERSON], [PERSON] and [PERSON] conceived the presented idea and developed the theory and performed the computations. [PERSON] and [PERSON] verified the analytical methods. [PERSON], [PERSON] and [PERSON] encouraged [PERSON] to investigate Intelligent Cluster-Based Multi-Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Communication System for Searching and Rescuing in Disaster. [PERSON] and [PERSON] supervised the findings of this work. All authors discussed the results and contributed to the final manuscript. [PERSON] and [PERSON] carried out the experiment under the supervision of [PERSON], [PERSON] and [PERSON]; [PERSON] developed the theoretical formalism, performed the analytic calculations, and performed the numerical simulations. All authors contributed to the final version of the manuscript. [PERSON] supervised the project. [PERSON], [PERSON], [PERSON], [PERSON] and [PERSON] conceived and planned the experiments. [PERSON], [PERSON], [PERSON] and [PERSON] conducted the experiments. [PERSON], [PERSON], [PERSON] and [PERSON], [PERSON], [PERSON] and [PERSON], contributed to the interpretation of the results. [PERSON] and [PERSON] took the lead in writing the manuscript. All authors provided critical feedback and helped shape the research, analysis, and manuscript. [PERSON], [PERSON] and [PERSON] designed the model and the computational framework and analyzed the data. [PERSON] wrote the manuscript with input from all authors. [PERSON] and [PERSON] carried out the review and editing of the paper. [PERSON] helped us in providing funding acquisition. [PERSON] performed investigation of the work. Finally, [PERSON], [PERSON], [PERSON] and [PERSON] worked on the verification and validation of the work. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.  
This research received no external funding.  
Not applicable.  
The authors declare no conflict of interest.