# Object Detection for Brain Cancer Detection and Localization
###### Abstract  
Brain cancer is acknowledged as one of the most aggressive tumors, with a significant impact on patient survival rates. Unfortunately, approximately 70% of patients diagnosed with this malignant cancer do not survive. This paper introduces a method designed to detect and localize brain cancer by proposing an automated approach for the detection and localization of brain cancer. The method utilizes magnetic resonance imaging analysis. By leveraging the information provided by brain medical images, the proposed method aims to enhance the detection and precise localization of brain cancer to improve the prognosis and treatment outcomes for patients. We exploit the YOLO model to automatically detect and localize brain cancer: in the analysis of 300 brain images we obtain a precision of 0.943 and a recall of 0.923 in brain cancer detection while, relating to brain cancer localization, an mAP_0.5 equal to 0.941 is reached, thus showing the effectiveness of the proposed model for brain cancer detection and localization. brain; object detection; YOLO; deep learning; classification +
Footnote †: journal:  
professional/cancer-statistics/statistics-by-cancer-type/brain-other-cns-and-intracranial-tumours, accessed on 8 August 2023). Brain tumors can indeed have a profound impact on life expectancy. On average, individuals diagnosed with brain tumors may experience a reduction in life expectancy of approximately 20 years. This reduction in life expectancy is considered one of the highest among all types of cancer. However, it is crucial to note that survival rates for brain tumors can vary significantly depending on various factors. These factors include the specific type of tumor, its grade (degree of malignancy), location, and individual characteristics of the patient. The mentioned statistic stating that only 19% of adults survive for five years after a cancer diagnosis is a general estimate and may not apply uniformly to all types and stages of brain tumors. Survival rates can vary widely, and it is important to consider individual circumstances and factors when assessing a prognosis and discussing treatment options with healthcare professionals ([[https://www.cancer.net/cancer-types/brain-tumor/statistics](https://www.cancer.net/cancer-types/brain-tumor/statistics)]([https://www.cancer.net/cancer-types/brain-tumor/statistics](https://www.cancer.net/cancer-types/brain-tumor/statistics)), accessed on 8 August 2023). Brain cancers can certainly have a significant impact on both physical and cognitive abilities due to their location within the control center of the brain, which governs movement and emotion. The brain plays a vital role in coordinating various bodily functions, including motor skills, sensory perception, cognition, and emotional regulation. When brain tumors develop in these crucial areas, they can disrupt the normal functioning of these processes [4]. Treatment approaches for brain tumors, such as surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy, aim to target and manage the tumors while minimizing damage to surrounding healthy brain tissue [5; 6]. In addition to these treatments, rehabilitation therapies, such as physical therapy, occupational therapy, and speech therapy, may be employed to help patients regain or adapt to changes in their physical and cognitive abilities. These rehabilitation therapies can assist in restoring or maximizing functional abilities, promoting independence, and improving the overall quality of life for individuals affected by brain tumors. In recent years, we witnessed a growing interest in artificial intelligence, with particular regard to object detection, a computer vision technique that involves identifying and locating objects of interest within digital images or video frames. It represents a fundamental task in many applications, including autonomous vehicles, surveillance systems, image and video analysis [7], robotics, and more [8].