## 4 Discussion
### Policy Recommendations  
To effectively address the increasing challenges of carbon emission risk in the research area, it is necessary to propose targeted response measures for regions with different risk levels, aiming to achieve precise governance and sustainable development. For high-risk and severe-risk areas, efforts should be strengthened to protect and restore the ecological environment and actively promote the transformation of cities towards a green direction. In high-risk and severe-risk areas, there are relatively serious damages to the ecological system. For example, in some regions, due to excessive industrial development or unreasonable urban construction, a series of ecological problems such as a significant reduction in vegetation, pollution of water bodies, and decline in soil quality have occurred, which in turn has led to an imbalance in the carbon cycle and persistently high carbon emission risk. Therefore, it is necessary to intensify the restoration efforts for these damaged ecological environments. For instance, by implementing wetland restoration projects, we can revitalize the wetlands that once had a powerful carbon sink function, enabling them to effectively absorb and fix carbon dioxide. We can also carry out mine ecological restoration projects to restore vegetation in the mountainous areas that have been damaged by mineral mining, reduce soil erosion, and enhance the carbon storage capacity of the mountains. Meanwhile, in terms of urban construction, we should vigorously promote the green transformation. We should encourage the development of green buildings, adopt energy-saving and environmentally friendly building materials and advanced energy-saving technologies, improve the energy utilization efficiency of buildings, and reduce energy consumption and carbon emissions. We should also optimize the urban transportation system, increase the routes and coverage of public transportation, promote the use of new energy vehicles, and reduce carbon emissions in the transportation field, so as to alleviate the land use carbon emission risk. For moderate-risk areas, emphasis can be placed on implementing afforestation projects. By planting trees in a planned and large-scale manner, the forest area can be expanded, giving full play to the carbon sink role of forests as the main body of the terrestrial ecological system and enhancing the carbon absorption capacity of the regions. During the growth process, trees can absorb a large amount of carbon dioxide in the air through photosynthesis and convert it into organic matter for storage, thus effectively reducing the carbon emission level in the regions and gradually alleviating the land use carbon emission risk. Appropriate tree species can be selected for planting according to different topographical and soil conditions. For example, in mountainous areas, tree species such as pine and cypress that are drought-tolerant, cold-tolerant, and have a relatively long growth cycle can be planted, while in plain areas, tree species such as poplar and willow that have a relatively fast growth rate can be planted to ensure the maximum effect of the afforestation projects. In low-risk and micro-risk areas, although the current land use carbon emission risk are relatively small, we should not take them lightly. We should continue to maintain and optimize the existing ecological systems and further strengthen the carbon sink function, so as to consolidate and enhance the ecological balance in the regions and ensure the steady realization of the sustainable development goals. In these areas, the protection and management of existing ecological lands, such as forests and grasslands, can be strengthened, and a long-term ecological protection mechanism can be established and improved to prevent the ecological system from being damaged due to human factors or other unexpected situations.