# Nutritional Profile and Antioxidant Properties of Hemp (_Camanabis sativa_ L.) Seed from Romania
## 3 Results
### Macro- and Microelement Composition of Hemp Seed Varieties  
The experimental results for the mineral composition, as shown in Table 3, showed that potassium was the macronutrient with the highest concentration in the analyzed seed samples, followed by magnesium and calcium. Potassium, calcium, and magnesium contribute to the development of vital cellular functions, particularly in relation to the heart's excitability. They are key elements in the movement of the heart muscle and the activation of enzyme systems [27]. The potassium content across the samples ranged from 5533.20 \(\mathrm{\SIUnitSymbolMicro g}\)/g in sample HSLV300 to 3743.08 \(\mathrm{\SIUnitSymbolMicro g}\)/g in sample HSSI, with an average of 4391.95 \(\mathrm{\SIUnitSymbolMicro g}\)/g reported in all analyzed samples. Among the certified and traditionally grown varieties in Romania, HSLO stood out with a potassium content of 5000.95 \(\mathrm{\SIUnitSymbolMicro g}\)/g, while the other three varieties had similar potassium levels. Both varieties undergoing certification also exhibited high potassium content. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Sample** & **Moisture** & **Dry** & **Ash** & **Lipids** & **Proteins** & **Fiber** & **Carbohydrates** & **Energy** \\  & **(g/100 g)** & **(g/100 g)** & **(g/100 g)** & **(g/100 g)** & **(g/100 g)** & **(g/100 g)** & **(g/100 g)** & **(g/100 g)** \\ \hline HSLO & 4.84 \(\pm\) 0.06\({}^{\ast}\) & 95.16 \(\pm\) 0.85\({}^{\ast}\) & 5.05 \(\pm\) 0.04\({}^{\ast}\) & 27.86 \(\pm\) 0.53\({}^{\ast}\) & 20.93 \(\pm\) 0.03\({}^{\ast}\) & 29.77 \(\pm\) 0.04\({}^{\ast}\) & 40.79 \(\pm\) 0.07\({}^{\ast}\) & 502.40 \(\pm\) 0.12\({}^{\ast}\) \\ \hline HSSI & 5.96 \(\pm\) 0.04\({}^{\ast}\) & 94.04 \(\pm\) 0.70\({}^{\ast}\) & 5.03 \(\pm\) 0.03\({}^{\ast}\) & 28.43 \(\pm\) 0.05\({}^{\ast}\) & 21.78 \(\pm\) 0.04\({}^{\ast}\) & 29.37 \(\pm\) 0.03\({}^{\ast}\) & 38.73 \(\pm\) 0.18\({}^{\ast}\) & 498.36 \(\pm\) 0.07\({}^{\ast}\) \\ \hline HSAR & 5.52 \(\pm\) 0.11\({}^{\ast}\) & 94.48 \(\pm\) 0.54\({}^{\ast}\) & 5.07 \(\pm\) 0.06\({}^{\ast}\) & 27.13 \(\pm\) 0.31\({}^{\ast}\) & 20.92 \(\pm\) 0.03\({}^{\ast}\) & 28.02 \(\pm\) 0.07\({}^{\ast}\) & 41.05 \(\pm\) 0.10\({}^{\ast}\) & 494.85 \(\pm\) 0.10\({}^{\ast}\) \\ \hline HSTE & 5.63 \(\pm\) 0.05\({}^{\ast}\) & 94.37 \(\pm\) 0.36\({}^{\ast}\) & 4.71 \(\pm\) 0.04\({}^{\ast}\) & 24.92 \(\pm\) 0.07\({}^{\ast}\) & 21.15 \(\pm\) 0.05\({}^{\ast}\) & 31.21 \(\pm\) 0.04\({}^{\ast}\) & 43.58 \(\pm\) 0.07\({}^{\ast}\) & 483.25 \(\pm\) 0.05\({}^{\ast}\) \\ \hline HSLV585 & 5.52 \(\pm\) 0.06\({}^{\ast}\) & 94.48 \(\pm\) 0.41\({}^{\ast}\) & 6.38 \(\pm\) 0.03\({}^{\ast}\) & 27.67 \(\pm\) 0.03\({}^{\ast}\) & 25.39 \(\pm\) 0.03\({}^{\ast}\) & 26.80 \(\pm\) 0.02\({}^{\ast}\) & 35.05 \(\pm\) 0.06\({}^{\ast}\) & 490.75 \(\pm\) 0.06\({}^{\ast}\) \\ \hline HSLV300 & 5.54 \(\pm\) 0.04\({}^{\ast}\) & 94.46 \(\pm\) 0.47\({}^{\ast}\) & 5.03 \(\pm\) 0.06\({}^{\ast}\) & 27.03 \(\pm\) 0.54\({}^{\ast}\) & 23.72 \(\pm\) 0.03\({}^{\ast}\) & 25.92 \(\pm\) 0.08\({}^{\ast}\) & 38.13 \(\pm\) 0.13\({}^{\ast}\) & 495.59 \(\pm\) 0.09 \({}^{\ast}\) \\ \hline Average & 5.50 & 94.50 & 5.21 & 27.17 & 22.31 & 28.52 & 39.55 & 494.20 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 2: Proximate composition of the samples. Magnesium was the next most prevalent macroelement in the analyzed hemp seeds. The magnesium content ranged from 1969.9 \(\mathrm{\SIUnitSymbolMicro g}\) in sample HSI to 2616.3 \(\mathrm{\SIUnitSymbolMicro g}\)/g in sample HSLV585. Calcium content in the analyzed samples varied between 1161.2 \(\mathrm{\SIUnitSymbolMicro g}\)/g in sample HSLV585 and 1853.51 \(\mathrm{\SIUnitSymbolMicro g}\)/g in sample HSLO, with no significant differences (\(p\) > 0.05) between samples HSLV585 and HSSI. Among the varieties, HSLO had the highest quantities of potassium, calcium, and magnesium. This was followed by the varieties undergoing certification, which had high potassium and magnesium levels but lower calcium content compared with the already cultivated varieties.