# Toward an Advanced Human Monitoring System Based on a Smart Body Area Network for Industry Use
## 1 Introduction  
Due to the evolution of technology and platforms, such as sensing, mobile computing and cloud servers, the Internet of things (IoT) is recognized as very important technology worldwide. Applications using IoT technology are widely deployed. In particular, the Internet of medical things (IoMT) is attracting attention for constructing home medical care and telemedicine systems using medical and healthcare devices and robots [1, 2]. The system involves wearable, wireless vital sign sensors or medical robots. One type of technology supporting the development of the IoMT system is the wireless body area network (WBAN), which flexibly connects biosensors placed near the surface of the body [3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10]. WBANs consist of a collection of low-power, miniaturized, invasive or noninvasive lightweight sensors with wireless communication capabilities that operate near the human body. Numerous studies have been conducted on human vital information monitoring systems using WBANs. For example, sensor nodes for measuring blood oxygen saturation and heart rate, designed based on the near-infrared dynamic spectrum method for WBANs, were proposed in [11]. The authors of [12] designed a prototype to facilitate reliable fall detection and to classify several fall types and human activities. In [13], a trust-based communication scheme to ensure the reliability and privacy of WBANs was proposed for remote patient monitoring. Furthermore, system specifications for a physical layer (PHY) and a medium access control layer (MAC) in smart body area networks (SmartBANs) were issued in April 2015 [14; 15; 16]. These specifications represent a standard for medical care and other forms of health care advanced by the European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI). Compared with a main WBAN standard, such as IEEE Std. 802.15.6, a SmartBAN provides new PHY layer and MAC layer functionalities, which improve its performance and provide very low-latency emergency messaging with low energy consumption [14; 15; 16; 17]. Several health monitoring systems using SmartBAN have also been studied [18; 19]. The authors of [18] designed a blood pressure fluctuation estimation monitoring system utilizing a SmartBAN. Discussion has also been held on the feasibility of smart cities using biometric information collected through the SmartBAN in [19]. On the other hand, IoMT applications are expected to become more advanced with smarter wearable devices [20; 21]. For example, augmented reality (AR) smart glasses have become increasingly popular and been identified as an important technology for supporting operators in smart factories [22]. Research has designed and developed a framework for the support of remote maintenance based on AR by creating suitable communication channels between shop floor technicians and expert engineers, utilizing real-time feedback from the operator's field of view [23]. The authors of [24] also developed a cloud-based, service-oriented system that implemented AR technology for remote maintenance by enabling cooperation between the on-the-spot technician and the manufacturer with smart glasses. By using smart glasses, a worker in a factory can obtain more detailed information from an operator, while an operator can monitor the behavior recognition of a worker by visual and auditory information from smart glasses [25]. Therefore, it is possible to develop more advanced human monitoring systems for industrial use by combining a SmartBAN with multimedia devices such as smart glasses. Related research to realize such a system was introduced as follows: The authors of [26] proposed an innovative and flexible enhanced throughput and reduced overhead (FETRO) MAC protocol for the SmartBAN. In [26], the sensor node data rate requirements were considered while assigning the scheduled access slot duration. Another work presented a SmartBAN PHY and MAC configuration framework that lengthened the sensor battery lifespan through reducing the transceivers' consumed energy [27].