# Joint Multi-Scenario-Based Earthquake and Tsunami Hazard Assessment for Alexandria, Egypt
## 5 Discussion and Conclusions
The peak ground motion acceleration was calculated at selected observation sites and is represented by circles with color ranges corresponding to the values in g. Additionally, a tsunami inundation map for the coastal area is presented as a raster map with 30 \(\times\) 30 m pixels, colored to reflect the inundation depth at each location in meters. The results provided herein of tsunami hazard (inundation depth) estimations can play a significant role in the calibration and improvement of early warning systems for Egypt's coastal communities. The integration of tsunami wave amplitude and inundation depthestimations into early warning systems can contribute to tsunami preparedness in Egypt generally, and in Alexandria specifically, by facilitating the establishment of evacuation routes and high-risk zones. This strengthens the ability of authorities to issue timely and targeted warnings, enhancing the safety and resilience of coastal communities in the face of tsunami threats. For urban planning purposes in Alexandria, we recommend that new projects be located in the southwestern part of the city. In fact, this area is characterized by a lower seismic and tsunami hazard risk compared to other parts of the city, making it a safer location for urban development. The findings of this work provide critical insights into the risk reduction and disaster management system in Alexandria. The available exposure layers and vulnerability of the exposed asset can be used to estimate multi-risks for Alexandria. Moreover, the hazard assessment data can be integrated into real-time early warning systems that can significantly improve the timeliness and effectiveness of disaster responses. The results of this work can also be used in the updating of building codes and retrofitting guidelines to enhance the resilience of critical infrastructure. Urban planning strategies should leverage hazard maps to restrict development in high-risk areas and design safe evacuation routes. Conceptualization, H.B., H.M.H., F.R., M.E.-H. and M.N.E. ; methodology, H.B., H.M.H. and F.R. ; formal analysis, H.B., H.M.H. and F.R. ; data curation, H.B., H.M.H., F.R., M.E.-H. and M.N.E. ; writing--original draft preparation, H.B., H.M.H. and F.R. ; writing--review and editing, H.B., H.M.H., F.R., M.E.-H. and M.N.E. ; supervision, F.R. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript. This research received no external funding. Not applicable. The data presented in this study are available on request from the corresponding author. This work was partly carried out at the Department of Mathematics and Geosciences, Trieste University, Italy, with the technical help of [PERSON]. We are grateful to [PERSON] for his valuable comments and fruitful discussions about NDSHA principles. Due thanks and appreciation are extended to Professor [PERSON] for the provision of the tsunami simulation package NAMI DANCE. The authors would like to express sincere gratitude to the Egyptian National Seismic Network--ENSN for providing the updated earthquake catalog adopted in this work. The authors would like to acknowledge appreciation for open access sources of data, i.e., EMODnet-DTM ([[https://emodnet.ee.europa.eu/en](https://emodnet.ee.europa.eu/en)]([https://emodnet.ee.europa.eu/en](https://emodnet.ee.europa.eu/en)) accessed on 1 December 2024) and the GEBCO Compilation Group (2020) Grid ([[https://doi.org/10.5285/a29c5465-b138-234d-e053-c68](https://doi.org/10.5285/a29c5465-b138-234d-e053-c68) abc040b9]([https://doi.org/10.5285/a29c5465-b138-234d-e053-c68](https://doi.org/10.5285/a29c5465-b138-234d-e053-c68) abc040b9)). The authors declare no conflicts of interest.