## 7 Results of the Life Cycle Assessments  
In the previous analysis, we used buildings and neighborhood simulations along with corresponding data to perform a life cycle analysis over 80 years for both the buildings and the neighborhoods using the LCA Equer module of the Pleiades software (5.22.11.3). Results of Variant One: Comparison between a single pane and double pane window: The results for the LCAs for both the SV neighborhood and the DV neighborhood's overall life cycle steps show that, in general, the DV neighborhood has a slightly greater impact on the environment than the SV neighborhood. However, this impact varies across different environmental indicators. It is important to note that a high value for one indicator may have the same impact on the environment as a low value for another indicator. To address this issue, we need to normalize the results of the study. The normalized LCA results for each life cycle phase indicate that if the second variant has a value of 1.4 for a certain indicator, which means that the second variant is 40% more impactful for that indicator than the reference variant. The creation of the variant involved removing a significant amount of the concrete surface to make room for larger windows. Because concrete fabrication is more environmentally damaging than window fabrication, we see a decrease in impacts during the construction phase (Figure 5). Additionally, during the use phase, there is a slight reduction in environmental impacts when transitioning from the SV to the DV neighborhood (Figure 6). This reduction is due to the double-pane windows' thermal performance and increased solar intake, which reduces energy needs. Figure 5: Comparative diagram of the environmental impacts between SV and DV neighborhoods for the construction phase. The renovation phase involves changing the windows every 30 years. DV windows have a greater environmental impact than SV windows due to their larger size and the presence of a rare gas, argon, between the two panes. These factors explain why the DV variant is more impactful than the SV variant (Figure 7). Unlike the renovation phase, the deconstruction phase's impacts of the DV variant are less damaging because the installation of DV windows replaces some of the concrete surface, reducing the amount of concrete that needs to be removed (Figure 8). Figure 6: Comparative diagram of the environmental impacts between SV and DV neighborhoods for the operation phase. Figure 7: Comparative diagram of the environmental impacts between SV and DV neighborhoods for the renovation phase. Since the use phase is the longest in any LCA and carries the heaviest load among all the other phases, its effect will be the most observable throughout the study. Therefore, for the entire LCA of both of our neighborhoods, the radar chart is significantly similar, almost identical to that of the use phase. For more accuracy, the normalized results for the total between the two variants are represented in Figure 9.  
The total results show that the neighborhood with buildings featuring larger, double-pane windows is environmentally better than the single-pane neighborhood, even if for some indicators, the difference is minimal. The results for variant two show the effect of different construction designs. Figure 8: Comparative diagram of the environmental impacts between SV and DV neighborhoods for the deconstruction phase. Figure 9: Histogram representing the normalized comparative values between the SV and DV neighborhoods for each environmental indicator. The timber variant is mainly beneficial for reducing greenhouse gas emissions, inert waste production, and odor. It is also slightly favorable for human toxicity and water usage. The masonry variant also has similar effects but to a lesser extent. Both the timber and masonry variants have unfavorable impacts on cumulative energy demand and acidification, but these do not outweigh their benefits in other areas (Figure 10). The analysis slightly favors the timber variant over the two construction materials.