## 2 Relevant Existing Contributions
They also require solving the adaptability problem between the packet scheduling mechanism that relates to the User Plane Function (UPF) [18] at the edge of the data network, thus increasing the efficiency of the overall data infrastructure's usage. Thus, the authors of paper [19] specify a 5G microservices open model through the consideration of the object-oriented modelling method in the scope of the industrial Internet. Thus, considering the IEC61850 standard [20], common services such as clock and location inside the 5G networks are defined as a public data class. These constitute the microservices that support various logical functions inside the 5G network as well as Virtual Network Functions (VNF) [21; 22] calls outside the 5G network, which improves the reuse and consistency of the 5G-related microservices. Furthermore, the pseudo time synchronization flow scheduling algorithm, which is related to UPF, is designated to realize the matching between the time-deterministic service of industrial Internet [23], and the asynchronous packet scheduling carried by UPF switches and clustering techniques, which ensures the deterministic and smooth service bearer of industrial Internet [24; 25]. The simulation experiment shows that the proposed algorithm can improve the time accuracy of the 5G business model and improve the time, punctuality, and coordination of user plane bearing under the microservice 5G capability open architecture. The solution that is described in [26] identifies and leverages the coupling relationship between computing and network fabric for various microservices, and it solves an optimization problem to appropriately identify how each microservice should be deployed in the complex, multi-tiered compute and network fabric, so that the end-to-end application requirements are optimally satisfied. The authors report two real-world 5G applications relative to the video surveillance and intelligent transportation system (ITS) domains. They suggest that ROMA, the described solution, can save up to 90%, 55% and 44% of the computational resources and up to 80%, 95% and 75% of the network bandwidth for the surveillance (watch list) and transportation application (person and car detection), respectively. Nevertheless, this represents a solution that performs in a decent fashion considering particular use cases, and it is difficult to predict its appropriateness for other real-world use case scenarios. Moreover, it is interesting to note that the paper [27] concentrates on a description of a 5G platform-oriented solution among different approaches, which is used to integrate authentication and authorization functionalities, a claimed secure and stateless mechanism, and also, the provision of identity and permissions management, which are used in order to handle not only users, but also system microservices in a network functions virtualization management and orchestration (NFV MANO) system [24] that is oriented towards the deployment of virtualized services. The solution that is described considers the NFV-based SONATA Service Platform [28], which offers functional specifications that are necessary for a continuous integration and delivery methodology, which offers high levels of programmability and flexibility that are useful in order to manage the entire life cycle of Virtual Network Functions. Moreover, the authors claim that their approach is compatible with several authentication and authorization mechanisms, which can be used to manage the access of users to the relevant microservices in a 5G platform. Furthermore, the contributions that are reported in [29] consider an architecture that uses microservices to provide what the authors call a \"finer scalability\" and more effective resource usage than regular monolithic microservices architecture designs. Additionally, it is relevant to note that there are contributions that describe related models, such as the concept of artificial intelligence (AI) as a microservice (AIMS), which is considered a pretext by the authors of the paper in [30].