## 4 Discussion  
The use of the protocol is widespread in the scientific community, as evidenced by numerous scientific publications [14; 29; 30; 31]. However, only a small portion of these studies are supported by properly designed experiments that include a control group [10; 12; 23; 24; 25; 26; 27; 28]. The PAPE effect refers to the short-term improvement in athletic performance following a high-intensity training stimulus [32]. In the analyzed study, both complex potentiation exercises (CPX) and complex movement potentiation (CMP) were used to induce PAPE, but the results did not show significant differences between these two methods in terms of their effectiveness in inducing this effect [23]. These findings are significant because they suggest that despite differences in training structure, both methods are equally effective in eliciting short-term performance improvements. This can be crucial for coaches and athletes in planning training sessions, especially in sports where brief moments of effort determine performance outcomes, such as basketball [33]. The application of CPX or CMP can be effective in enhancing specific skills like jumps or sprints through strategic planning and the use of weights and exercises that induce PAPE before main training components or competitions [23]. It is also worth noting that the lack of significant differences in PAPE induction between CPX and CMP raises questions about other factors, such as individual physiological characteristics of athletes, types of exercises, exercise intensity, or recovery time between exercises, that may influence PAPE effectiveness. Protocols PAPE is associated with various physiological processes, such as muscle temperature increase, muscle water content change, or activation of a greater number of motor units [7; 26]. This distinction is important because it allows for a better understanding and optimization of training protocols. Additionally, the study showed that PAPE effects depend on many individual factors, such as physiological characteristics of athletes, their experience, age, distribution of muscle fibers, and training level [26]. This means that PAPEeffectiveness may vary depending on individual athlete characteristics, suggesting the need for customization of activation protocols. In the study \"Postsubmaximal Isometric Full Squat Jump Potentiation in Trained Men\", an attempt was made to examine the impact of submaximal isometric squats on jump height in a group of trained men. Participants were divided into an experimental and control group, where the experimental group performed isometric squats with a load of 70% of one-repetition maximum (1 RM) [25]. The results showed that as early as the third minute after the conditioning activity (CA), there was a statistically significant improvement in jump height, which persisted for the next 6 min [24]. These findings are important for understanding the mechanisms behind and may have significant practical implications. PAPE, as a phenomenon involving short-term performance improvement after conditioning activity, is traditionally used in various sports disciplines, but research on isometric muscle actions as a form of activation has been less widespread. This study underscores that full isometric squats can be an effective tool for improving jump performance, which can be valuable in sports where such abilities are crucial [28]. Moreover, this study adds significant information to the literature regarding the optimal timing of PAPE, suggesting that the best effects occur between 3 and 9 min after CA [28]. Another significant aspect is the use of submaximal loads, which, as the results indicate, can effectively induce PAPE without excessive fatigue, which is critical for athletes interested in maximizing performance without risking injury or excessive strain [34]. These findings can be used to optimize training, especially in the context of competition preparation, where precise timing and type of activation can significantly enhance athletic performance [34].