# New Candidate Multicomponent Chalcogenide Glasses for Supercontinuum Generation
## 2 Optical and Physical Properties and Composition: Glasses
 } & \multirow{2}{*}{\(n_{1}\) at (\(\lambda\))} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{\(\lambda\) = 1.06 \(\upmu\)m} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{\(\lambda\) = 1.55 \(\upmu\)m} & \multirow{2}{*}{**Ref**} \\ \cline{3-3} \cline{5-6}  & & & \(n_{2}\) (\(\times 10^{-15}\) & \(\mathbf{a_{2}}\) & \(n_{2}\) (\(\times 10^{-15}\) & \(\mathbf{a_{2}}\) (cm/GW) & \(\mathbf{a_{2}}\) (cm/GW) & \\ \hline As\({}_{40}\)Se\({}_{40}\) & 2.38 (1.33 \(\upmu\)m) & & & 4 & 28 \\ As\({}_{40}\)Si\({}_{40}\)Se\({}_{20}\) & 2.47 (1.33 \(\upmu\)m) & & 8 & \(<\)0.01 & 28 \\ As\({}_{24}\)Si\({}_{38}\)Se\({}_{38}\) & 2.32 (1.33 \(\upmu\)m) & 15 (1.3 \(\upmu\)m) & 0.06 & 17.5 & \(<\)0.05 & 28 \\ Ge\({}_{30}\)As\({}_{11}\)Se\({}_{49}\)Te\({}_{10}\) & 2.50 (1.33 \(\upmu\)m) & 14 (1.3 \(\upmu\)m) & 0.4 & 11 & 0.16 & 28 \\ As\({}_{30}\)Se\({}_{30}\)Sb\({}_{45}\)Te\({}_{33}\) & 2.80 (1.33 \(\upmu\)m) & & 0.52 & 10 & 0.17 & 28 \\ Ca\({}_{20}\)Se\({}_{580}\) & & & & 0.372 & \(6.01\times 10^{-6}\) & 7 \\ Ge\({}_{20}\)Sb\({}_{59}\)Te\({}_{575}\) & & & & 0.429 & \(3.14\times 10^{-6}\) & 7 \\ Ge\({}_{20}\)Sb\({}_{10}\)Se\({}_{70}\) & & & & 0.622 & \(4.78\times 10^{-6}\) & 7 \\ As\({}_{40}\)Se\({}_{60}\) & & & & 1 & \(16\times 10^{-6}\) & 7 \\ As\({}_{40}\)Se\({}_{60}\) & 2.430 (1.55 \(\upmu\)m) & 35 (1.35 \(\upmu\)m) & & 28.5 & 26,51 \\ Ge\({}_{11.5}\)As\({}_{24}\)Se\({}_{64.5}\) & 2.634 (1.55 \(\upmu\)m) & 88.3 (1.35 \(\upmu\)m) & 79 & & 26 \\ Ge\({}_{15}\)Sb\({}_{10}\)Se\({}_{75}\) & 2.598 (1.55 \(\upmu\)m) & 76.7 (1.35 \(\upmu\)m) & 7.5 & & 26 \\ Ge\({}_{15}\)Sb\({}_{15}\)Se\({}_{70}\) & 2.690 (1.55 \(\upmu\)m) & 137 (1.35 \(\upmu\)m) & 10 & & 26 \\ Ge\({}_{20}\)Se\({}_{80}\) & & 1.3 & & & 74 \\ Bulk & GeGe\({}_{8}\) & & 1.7 & & & 74 \\ Ge\({}_{11}\)As\({}_{11}\)Se\({}_{78}\) & & 2.2 & & & 51.74 \\ Ge\({}_{10}\)As\({}_{10}\)Se\({}_{20}\)Te\({}_{10}\) & & 1.9 & & & 51 \\ Ge\({}_{10}\)As\({}_{10}\)Se\({}_{60}\)Te\({}_{20}\) & & 2.0 & & & 51 \\ Ge\({}_{60}\)As\({}_{10}\)Se\({}_{20}\)Te\({}_{30}\) & 2.51 (1.064 \(\upmu\)m) & 8.9 & 10.7 & & 21 \\ (GeGe\({}_{20}\)Sb\({}_{25}\)Se\({}_{30 Literature data on laser damage behavior of ChGs is important for broadband IR SC applications, though it is often limited, and does not always include details of measurement protocols, where pulsed, or single shot exposure performance differences, which can vastly impact the resulting material's behavior. Surface laser damage data as compared to bulk damage is often not distinguished, and lab-scale materials as compared to commercial glasses typically exhibit higher absorption characteristics or more surface defects due to limitations in optical fabrication capabilities. Hence, it is imperative when designing a material system for SC applications that this understanding of both processing and wavelength-specific properties and performance is noted. A short summary of pertinent laser damage data reported for ChGs is shown in Table 2, exhibiting quite clearly the typical reduction in damage resistance for bulk materials upon fiberization. As stated, there have been limited studies on optical properties of ChG glasses with planar geometries, especially candidate ChG glasses, which have been tailored for nonlinear photonic device applications at mid-infrared wavelengths and beyond. However, the planar, on-chip platform offers advantages such as integrating multi-signal processing functionalities onto a chip. Therefore, it is important to assess values measured from our GAP-Se film glasses with respect to a few reported values in literatures [20,67]. As a candidate glass for SC applications is (primarily) defined by its optical properties and damage resistance, its compatibility with the planned manufacturing method to final form (planar films or fiber) must be considered. Films made from simple binary glasses tend to be compatible with thermal evaporation methods, and some more complicated (ternary) glasses are amenable to solution derived processing methods either as glass [77] or organic/inorganic hybrids [79], with [80] or without [81] dopants.