# Optimum System for Diagnosing Power Quality in Electrical Microgrids
## 1 Introduction
Its adaptable and scalable architecture is ideal for various microgrid configurations. Being built on low-cost, open-hardware platforms, it remains affordable and accessible. Table 1 offers a comparative overview of the key features identified in the discussed literature, including the detection and classification of PQ disturbances, the capability for synchronous measurements across multiple points, the use of low-cost devices, and the scalability and portability of the systems. This table underscores the strengths and weaknesses of each system, clearly illustrating how DiagElect successfully achieves all these critical features. Based on everything discussed in this section, this paper is novel for the following reasons:  
* Prior to DiagElect, there was no electrical measurement network suitable for collecting, processing, and analyzing data for comprehensive PQ analysis in microgrids, including the detection and classification of both stationary and non-stationary PQDs. * DiagElect is capable of accurately and instantaneously measuring voltage and current at all microgrid nodes and supports various PQ analyses, such as the identification of distortion sources. * To the author's knowledge, there is no electrical measurement network specifically focused on the detection of harmonic sources that is based on free software, open hardware, and uses low-cost devices. The rest of this paper is organized as follows: Section 2 explains the measurement requirements, methodologies, and experimental setups used in developing DiagElect. Section 3 delves into the architecture, characteristics, and operational capabilities of DiagElect. Section 4 presents the results from assessing the accuracy of the SDMD and the effectiveness of DiagElect as an electrical measurement network for identifying distortion sources within an experimental microgrid, using a use case. The paper concludes with Section 5 exploring the implications of the findings, and Section 6 summarizing the study's contributions to PQ analysis in microgrids and outlining future research directions. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c} \hline \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**Ref.**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Detection and Classification of PQ**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Synchronous**} & \multirow{2}{*}{
\begin{tabular}{c} **Low Cost-Devices,** \\ **Open-Hardware Platforms** \\ \end{tabular} } & \multirow{2}{*}{**Scalability and Portability**} \\  & **Disturbances** & & & \\ \hline \multicolumn{1}{c}{[34]} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{X} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{X} \\ \multicolumn{1}{c}{[35]} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{X} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{X} \\ \multicolumn{1}{c}{[36]} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{X} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{X} \\ \multicolumn{1}{c}{[37]} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{X} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{X} \\ \multicolumn{1}{c}{[38]} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{X} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{X} \\ DiagElect & \multicolumn{2}{c}{X} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{X} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{X} \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 1: Comparison of key features in electrical measurement networks identified in the literature. An “X” indicates that a feature is achieved by a system.