# Healthcare Applications of Artificial Intelligence and Analytics: A Review and Proposed Framework
## 3 AI Applications
### Smart Homes  
A smart home is the residence that uses a set of devices that connect via a network, most commonly a local LAN (Local Area Network) or the internet. These devices include sensors, RFID (Radio Frequency Identification), and other appliances connected to the Internet of Things (IoT) that can be remotely monitored and accessed. It is a new paradigm that aims to provide services that respond to the perceived needs of the users and enhance domestic comfort, convenience, security, and leisure. They play an important role for elderly persons and health care technologies. Smart homes are very seductive and attract a lot of researchers. Indeed, several works tackled human activity recognition in smart homes which plays an important role in people's daily lives. Successful human activity recognition applications include activity recognition [83; 84; 85; 86; 87; 88; 89; 90; 91; 92], gesture recognition [93; 94], home behavior analysis [95; 96], and emotion recognition [97; 98]. Living assistance is another aspect of research in the smart home context. These systems are used to provide assistance, in particular to people with cognitive deficiencies such as dementia [99]. The authors of [100] reported a new protocol named Ergo to address smart homes for assisted living. The developed protocol has been used in an old home built in 1938 which was converted into a smart home with the use of sensing technologies. It predicts wellness of a resident through the monitoring of different appliances used by him/her and his/her movements. In [101], the authors were interested in assisting patients with sclerosis disease in a smart home and the authors of [102] studied the influence of expressive speech on automatic speech recognition performances and applied their approach on elderly people assistance. The authors of [103] propose a system, for smart homes, which combines Internet of Things (IoT) and big data analytics technology with fog and cloud computing. The challenge is related to developing fast solutions that can handle large volumes of unstructured smart home data. Fog computing is of importance as it provides fast near real-time analytics while the abundance of computing and storage resources in the cloud system is used to carry out computationally intensive applications. An approach by combining knowledge-driven with data-driven reasoning to permit activity models to evolve and adapt automatically based on users' particularities was proposed in [104]. The reasoning is knowledge-driven in this case and the authors made it able to infer an initial activity model. At upper stage, the model will be trained using data to produce a dynamic activity model that learns users' varying actions. The results of the study showed that the learned activity model yields significantly higher recognition rates than the initial activity model. RUDO [105] is a home ambient intelligence system that was designed to help blind people living with sighted people. This system helps blind people through a single user interface that helps by means of work on a computer, writing in Braille on a regular keyboard, etc. RUDO increases their independence of these people and creates conditions that allow them to become fully involved. We notice that there are many patents about smart homes. The authors of [106] developed a device telemetry circuit to detect electrical anomalies in a plurality of smart home devices. In [107], systems and methods of providing status information in a smart home security detection system to a user are developed. Once the sensor has detected and received identifying information from an electronic device, a controller device determines whether this detected identifying information is from the electronic device of an authorized user and provides an operational status message to the electronic device. It is important to mention that smart homes are concerned with big data [103]. This is what makes the use of the data mining and machine learning interesting in predicting, detecting, and assisting in smart home contexts.