## 6 Conclusions  
This study identified the spatial configuration that promoted social and commercial activities in a traditional market, thereby supporting the market's revitalization. It analyzed the case of Yukgeori Market in Cheongju, which survived the decline of traditional Korean markets that accompanied the construction of large western-style commercial buildings and the introduction of new shopping practices, such as online shopping. The attributes of each space in the district that includes the market and its vicinity were inferred calculating the depths of the nodes in the street network, using analysis models based on space syntax. By examining and comparing spatial attributes of nodes in the network, this study identified which spatial configurations supported market revitalization. We found that the locational characteristics and spatial configuration of Yukgeori Market's street network were easily accessible because of the concentration of and intersections among various street axes. We also found that the open street environment with street-facing stores and street stalls in Yukgeori Market offered opportunities for visitors to be exposed to various products and experience cultural activities. Additionally, the long north-south axes from highly integrated nodes arranged in a sequence within the district's street network attracted people and contributed to the vitalization of the market, functioning as a communication bridge between the modern commercial area and the traditional market. Moreover, it was found that other highly integrated east-west street axes functioned as a protective separation boundary that divided the area and formed a buffer zone preserving and developing the market's traditional characteristics and protecting it from being absorbed by or merged into the modern commercial area. These findings suggest that the vitalization of traditional markets might be actuated by a spatial configuration in which the communication and separation functions between a modern commercial area and a traditional market can be performed properly. This indicates that the co-existence of traditional and modern marketplaces in the Korean context requires a buffer area. This buffer area tends to embody walkable and permeable streets (a morphological feature) with retail clusters that fill the market gap while being linked to the local culture (a socio-economic feature). The buffer seems to simultaneously connect and separate the traditional and modern marketplaces, showing that the whole shopping center is a complex adaptive system. Therefore, based on the findings, we deduced that establishing streets that connect old to new commercial areas but appropriately separate the areas might lead to sustainable collaborative development in both types of areas. This study has some limitations. The street network including axes with a high public level could have been identified using a survey on pedestrian movements on the streets; however, we did not include such a survey. Additionally, we conducted only a single case study. Finally, this study was unable to quantitatively capture transforming entities, such as space usage frequency, retail sales, traffic volume, and pedestrian movement in urban spaces with temporalized and dynamic activities. Therefore, future research should focus on identifying the systematically changing configuration of the urban network and demonstrating its effect on market vitalization. Additionally, to optimally apply planning factors, such as walkability control and buffer area utilization, it is necessary to develop a participatory planning decision model that involves multiple stakeholders in retail revitalization. Traditional markets have the potential to become a driving force in the sound and sustainable development of Korean cities by inheriting and preserving the traditions of Korean culture and attracting customers and tourists.