## 1 Introduction  
There is no doubt that the internet and the services it provides have achieved great success and popularity worldwide. The internet has led to a total transformation of society by creating virtual societies comprised of groups of people who, despite not actually meeting in person, can share ideas, opinions, data, and information. As a result, the internet has given rise to a variety of information sharing networks, such as online social networking sites (OSN) and web forums [1]. The social aspects of the internet have created a large community of users who rely on the internet as a source of information, communication tools, shopping, and much more. The emergence of these various tools and functions represents the inception of social media [2]. Social media is becoming increasingly widespread; statistics published in 2020 indicate that the total number of internet users surpassed 4.41 billion. Statistics indicate that by 2025, the number of users will be 6.3 billion, representing an increase of approximately 24% [3]. This growth in social media use has resulted from the spread of internet-enabled mobile devices such as smartphones and tablets. Due to their ability to connect to internet, these devices facilitated access to the outside world (the internet). Furthermore, the internet includes a number of applications and programmes that have made it easier for users to search for and access information, knowledge and news, as well as to communicate with other people in various locations, eliminating the constraints of space and time. Platforms such as Facebook and Twitter have become an essential part of everyday life for many individuals. Additionally, the use of social media has surpassed being an outlet only for those who prefer interacting in cyberspace by also permitting interactions that would otherwise not be possible due to distance, time differences or events such as disasters or epidemics. While it was once a means of communication between users through text messages, pictures, and videos, social media growth has imposed close interrelationships between individuals and institutions. Furthermore, platforms have been developed that bring consumers and companies, as well as citizens and governments, together. The platform through which a user communicates can achieve numerous goals for all parties, including electronic marketing; diffusion of knowledge, information and news; direct communication; and prioritising the requirements of customers and achieving their satisfaction. The remarkable evolution of social media platforms and the enormous amount of information and content that users generate can cause confusion and distraction to users and can consume users' time. Hence, social media users find it difficult to obtain information close to their interests or that concerns them. At the same time, the abundance of information that users produce provides new possibilities for extracting user interests, which can then be used to offer users personalised recommendations, thereby alleviating the problems of time consumption and user distraction. Therefore, many service providers personalise content for end-users, such as job recommendations on LinkedIn, friend recommendations on Facebook, video recommendations on YouTube, and follower suggestions on Twitter and Instagram. Modelling user interests is key to personalisation and recommendation systems, and social media is a remarkable source of knowledge of user interests. Modelling users' interests can be achieved by collecting the facts a user presents about themselves through their posts and other information they provide. However, user interest models should not rely too heavily on answers provided explicitly by the user. Rather, a user interest profile should make inferences based on users' activities and impacts on social media.