# Real-Time Contrail Monitoring and Mitigation Using CubeSat Constellations
## 5 Future Roadmap and Implementation
### Regulatory and Policy Considerations  
The deployment and operation of a CubeSat-based contrail monitoring system, along with its integration into aviation practices, would require careful navigation of regulatory and policy frameworks. Several key areas would need to be addressed:  
1. Regulatory approval for CubeSat launch and operation: The deployment of a large CubeSat constellation involves securing approval from various national and international space agencies. These approvals would cover the launch, orbital deployment, and frequency use for communication with the satellites. Given the growing number of objects in low Earth orbit, regulatory bodies such as the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) [65] in the United States, Ofcom in the United Kingdom [66], and the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) [67] would play critical roles in managing spectrum allocation and preventing interference with other satellite operations.
2. Data privacy and security: The system would collect and process vast amounts of atmospheric data, some of which may be considered sensitive, particularly if they include information related to flight operations. Ensuring that these data are securely stored, transmitted, and used is essential to maintaining trust among stakeholders. Compliance with international data protection regulations, such as the European Union's General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR), would be necessary to protect the privacy of individuals and organizations.
3. Standardization and certification: To ensure widespread adoption of the CubeSat monitoring system, standardization of the data formats, communication protocols, and integration methods with FMSs would be essential. International aviation organizations, including ICAO and regional authorities like the European Aviation Safety Agency (EASA) [68], Civil Aviation Authority (CAA) [69], and the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) [70] would need to collaborate on developing these standards. Additionally, the certification of the enhanced FMS and CubeSat system would be necessary to ensure it meets safety and operational standards.
4. Environmental regulations and incentives: Governments and regulatory bodies could play a crucial role in encouraging the adoption of contrail mitigation technologies by introducing policies that incentivize their use. This might include tax breaks or subsidies for airlines that adopt CubeSat-enhanced FMSs or the introduction of environmental regulations that require airlines to report and reduce their contrail-related emissions. Such policies would help accelerate the deployment of these technologies and ensure they contribute effectively to global climate goals.
5. International collaboration and agreements: The global nature of aviation means that any significant change in flight management practices, such as the widespread adoption of contrail mitigation strategies, would require international cooperation. This could involve the development of global agreements on contrail monitoring and mitigation, supported by organizations such as the ICAO. These agreements would set out common goals, standards, and practices for contrail management, ensuring that efforts in different regions are aligned and mutually supportive.