# Seismic Observations in Bucharest Area with a Raspberry Shake Citizen Science Network
## 3 Data and Earthquake Observations
If we look at the questionnaires on a larger scale, at EMSC, there were about 2000 citizen observations of the earthquake ([[https://www.emsc-csem.org/Earthquake/earthquake.php?id=1185128#map](https://www.emsc-csem.org/Earthquake/earthquake.php?id=1185128#map)]([https://www.emsc-csem.org/Earthquake/earthquake.php?id=1185128#map](https://www.emsc-csem.org/Earthquake/earthquake.php?id=1185128#map)), accessed on 12 December 2022) (Figure 7). The fact that the seismic movement was not felt in the inner side of the Carpathians Arc is in agreement with the asymmetric distribution of the ground motion characterizing the Vrancea earthquakes [35]. A large percentage of respondents to both surveys claim to have felt the earthquake, demonstrating that the general public is aware of the seismic danger. Citizens are unwittingly the first witnesses of the seismic event, and their reporting helps researchers assess the earthquake intensity distribution. Local earthquakes less powerful than the one that occurred on 3 November can be captured using Raspberry Shake seismometers. The capacity of the educational seismometers in the ROEDUSEIS network, which includes Raspberry Shake seismometers, to detect earthquakes was examined in prior research [22]. It was found that the smallest local earthquake recorded by a Raspberry Shake seismometer in Romania had a magnitude M\({}_{\text{L}}\) = 2.5 and an epicentral distance of 25 km. In comparison, for an epicentral distance of about 120 km, as is the case of Bucharest compared to the Vrancea earthquakes, the smallest magnitude was M\({}_{\text{L}}\) = 3.9. On 6 February 2023, at around 4:15 a.m. and 1:30 p.m. local time, two powerful earthquakes with magnitudes of 7.8 and 7.5 struck southeast Turkey, significantly impacting many people. These earthquakes caused widespread, intense shaking that shook populated cities and villages. Figure 8 displays earthquake data recorded by one of the Bucharest Raspberry Shake seismometers (R1784). Figure 6: 3 November earthquake outputs from the ShakeNet Web and Desktop Apps (**left**) [28] and ShakeNet Mobile Apps for Android and iOS (**right**) [29]. More than 6500 citizens completed the **Did you feel it? ** questionnaire available from the European-Mediterranean Seismological Centre and helped researchers to map (Figure 9) the areas where the earthquake was felt and damage occurred. Figure 8: M7.8 (**left**) and M7.5 (**right**) earthquakes occurred in Turkey on 6 February 2023, recorded by the R1784 RS seismograph and displayed with ShakeNet Mobile Apps [29]. Figure 7: On European-Mediterranean Seismological Centre questionnaire report map for M\({}_{\rm L}\) = 5.1. Vrancea earthquake [36]. As shown in Figure 9, for epicentral distances up to 500 km, the existence of a Raspberry Shake citizen science network could have helped citizens to be sure they have experienced the earthquake by accessing the Raspberry Shake web apps. The development of such a network in Turkey has only just begun through an educational program in partnership with neighboring countries ([[https://seismolab.gein.noa.gr/](https://seismolab.gein.noa.gr/)]([https://seismolab.gein.noa.gr/](https://seismolab.gein.noa.gr/)), accessed on 9 February 2023). Furthermore, the seismometer RS R1784 from BRSSN, which recorded the earthquakes from southeast Turkey (Figure 8), is also part of this project.