# Design of and Experimental Study on Drying Equipment for _Fritillaria ussuriensis_
## 1 Introduction  
_Fritillaria_ belongs to the lily family and is a perennial herb [1]. Materials recorded in the _Chinese Pharmacopoeia_ (2015 edition) include five categories: _Fritillaria_ cirrhosisa, _Fritillaria_ thunbergii, _Fritillaria_, _Fritillaria_ _Ussuriensis_, and _Fritillaria_ huphenensis [2]. _Fritillaria_ contains alkaloids, polysaccharides, saponins, and other components, which have the effects of clearing away heat, stopping phlegm, relieving cough, and moistening the lungs [3]. It is often used by people to make oral liquids, ointments and other medicines. In recent years, with the development of science and the improvement of people's knowledge about health preservation, it has been found that in addition to the effects of relieving cough and moistening the lungs, _Fritillaria_ bulb also has significant effects in lowering blood pressure, relieving pain, resisting oxidation, fighting cancer and other aspects [4]. Among them, _Fritillaria_ cirrhosisa is the most famous one with the best efficacy, but because _Fritillaria_ cirrhosisa mostly grows naturally, mostly in wetlands or rock crevices such as plateau forests and valleys, resources are scarce, and it is difficult to cultivate and plant. With the improvement in people's knowledge of traditional Chinese medicine, it has been found that _Fritillaria_ _Fritillaria_ and _Fritillaria_ cirrhosisa have the same or similar efficacies [5], and they are easy to artificially propagate; so far, a mature cultivation model has been formed. _Fritillaria Ussuriensis_, also known as _Fritillaria_, is mainly produced in Liaoning, Jilin, Heilongjiang, Shanxi, Shaanxi, and other provinces [6]. It is one of the important forest medicinal materials in Northeast China and has made important contributions to its economy. The newly picked _Fritillaria Ussuriensis_ has a high moisture content, so it must be dried before it can be preserved and transported; otherwise, it easily rots and wastes resources. At present, the two most common traditional drying methods of _Fritillaria_ in China are natural drying and kang drying. Generally, the drying temperature of the kang is kept at about 50 \({}^{\circ}\)C, and the drying of _Fritillaria_ can only be completed after one day and one night. However, this traditional drying method has a poor drying effect, and it easily causes pollution and uneven drying effects, which affect the efficacy of _Fritillaria_, resulting in a waste of resources [7; 8; 9; 10]. The traditional drying room uses wooden shelves to bake the _Fritillaria_, and the windows are ventilated to take away the water vapor generated by the _Fritillaria_. This method requires workers to watch for a long time, and the temperature control is not accurate, which easily causes the temperature to rise and fall, affecting the drying quality of the _Fritillaria_[11], while the natural drying time is long, which requires workers to constantly turn over the sun, which is very easily polluted. Therefore, medicinal materials need to be processed and preserved by drying equipment to save drying time, but during the drying process, the drying method and drying temperature will destroy the oil and chemical components in herbs, so it is of great guiding significance to study the drying method and drying parameters for herbal drying. At present, foreign drying equipment has long realized the transformation from natural drying to fully automatic drying. There is a leading technology of drying [12; 13; 14; 15; 16; 17], but no one has studied the drying equipment of _Fritillaria Ussuriensis_. Some researchers in China are studying the influence of the drying temperature and drying methods on _Fritillaria Ussuriensis_. [PERSON] compared the color change and drying rate of _Fritillaria Ussuriensis_ under the conditions of 45 \({}^{\circ}\)C, 50 \({}^{\circ}\)C, and 55 \({}^{\circ}\)C and natural drying and found that oven drying _Fritillaria Ussuriensis_ at 55 \({}^{\circ}\)C is the best [18].