## 2 Study Area and Data  
The Besiktas district of Istanbul, Turkey (Figure 1, left), located on the European shore of the Bosporus, has been selected as a study area. It is bordered on the north by the Sariyer and Sisli districts, to the west by Kagithane and Sisli, to the south by Beyoglu, and on the east by the Bosporus. The Besiktas district covers an area of around 20 km\({}^{2}\) with approximately 186,000 inhabitants in 2012, leading to an average population density of 9300 people/km\({}^{2}\). Besiktas exhibits a diverse composition of different building types that can be considered representative of the larger Istanbul area. A detailed description of buildings' typology and physical vulnerability in Istanbul can be found in [4].  
The total number of policies present in the Besiktas district (in 2013) amounts to 29,832, with an average of 1492 policies per km\({}^{2}\). Forty-four percent of the buildings (8421) reported in the district host at least one policy, with an average of 1.56 policies per building and a maximum of 155 policies for a single building. It can be noted that the distribution of policies is rather sparse, since 95% (8054) have fewer than 10 policies, and 67% (6132) of the buildings have fewer than 5.  
The input datasets that were used in this study include a complete building and road inventory, a probabilistic seismic hazard map, and a Digital Elevation Model (DEM), provided by TCIP. The building inventory with information on existing policies contains the footprints of 19,158 buildings, each with information on the number of policies, the type of construction, number of stories, type of usage (residential, mixed residential and non-residential), number of apartments and offices, and number of parking lots (see Figure 1, right, and Figure 2). The vectorial road inventory covers 380 km, with each road segment including attribute information about the road type, width, and number of lanes. The road network has been topologically corrected and converted into a routable geometric  
Figure 1: Overview of the study area Besiktas, Istanbul, Turkey (**left**); zooming in (yellow rectangle in the left map) on the distribution of buildings and related earthquake insurance policies in the Besiktas district (**right**).  
Figure 2: Distribution of policies with respect to buildings’ usage (**left**), and relative distribution of apartments and offices in the test areas (**right**).  
network with additional attributes defining the directivity and cost factors for traveling along street segments. The considered probabilistic seismic hazard map is estimated both in terms of Peak Ground Acceleration (PGA) and Peak Ground Velocity (PGV) with an exceedance probability of 10% in 50 years and defined over a regular grid. Moreover, a raster layer estimating the susceptibility level of road blockages in case of an earthquake has been provided for the considered area. Both raster layers are defined on an equally spaced grid with a cell size of 0.2 km\({}^{2}\) (approximately 0.04 \({}^{\circ}\) longitudinal, 0.05 \({}^{\circ}\)latitudinal resolution). A DEM is available for the study area with a horizontal resolution of 1 m. The DEM has been integrated with the 3D geometry information of the building inventory (footprint and estimated height) to derive a digital surface model (DSM).