## 3 Health Benefits of Probiotic Supplementation in Healthy Dogs
### Microbiota Changes and Other Benefits in Healthy Dogs upon Probiotic Supplementation
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Ref.** & **Model** & **Probiotic Used** & **Dose per Animal** & **Duration** & **Effect of Probiotic Supplementation** \\ \hline \multirow{5}{*}{[55]} & Healthy dogs & & & & Decreased the serum TG \\  & (Probiotic group, n = 8) & _Weisselta chiuria_ JW15 & 50 g per day; 3 \(\times\) 10\({}^{8}\) CFU/g or & & & emissions in the probiotic \\  & & different concentrations of & & 3 \(\times\) 10\({}^{9}\) CFU/g & & group. \\  & & robotic, n = each 5; & & & & lactobacalli load and serum \\  & & Control group, n = 5) & & & & HDL-C levels \\ \hline \multirow{5}{*}{[56]} & Healthy dogs & & & Improved the fecal \\  & (Probiotic group, n = 8; & _Bacillus subtilis_ and & 3.66 \(\times\) 10\({}^{7}\) CFU of each & & & consistency and reduced the occurrence of field feces \\  & Control group, n = 8) & _Bacillus licheniformis_ & bacterial strain/kg of the diet & & Reduced the fecal biogenic \\  & & & & & amine content, thereby \\ \hline \multirow{5}{*}{[57]} & Healthy dogs & & & 35 days (probiotic & \\  & (Probiotic group, n = 14; & _L acidophilus_ D2/CSL & 5 \(\times\) 10\({}^{9}\) CFU/g of feed additive: Pre-mixture contains & & \\  & & 50 g of feed additive + 9950 g & & & \\  & Control group, n = 16) & & & & \\  & & & of maltodextrin; 20 g of & & \\  & & pre-mixture per day & & supplementation & \\ \hline \multirow{5}{*}{[58]} & Healthy dogs & & & & Increased the fecal count of \\  & (n = 15) & _Lactobacillus fermentatum_ & & & \\  & (n = 15) & ADI & 10\({}^{9}\) CFU & 7 days & & level of total lipid and total \\  & & & & & & Protein \\  & & & & & Reduced the serum glucose \\ \hline \multirow{5}{*}{[59]} & Healthy dogs & & & & Reduced the fecal count of \\  & & & & & Clostridia and increased the \\  & & & & & total concentration of \\  & & & & 14 days (Probiotic & SCFA such as butyric, formic, \\  & (Probiotic group 1, n = 12; & _Lactobacillus fermentatum_ & & \\  & & ADI-CCM7421 & & & group 1); 7 days & succinic, and varicic acid in \\  & & & & (Probiotic group 2) & & probiotic group 1 \\  & & & & Reduced the fecal count of \\  & & & & & _Aremous_ sp, _E. coli_ and \\  & & & & & _Pseudomonas_ sp, in probiotic \\  & & & & group 2 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 1: \(Cont.\)and control groups during the study. All dogs of both group showed no alterations on the general attitude, appetite, weight, consistency or frequency of feces and there were no adverse effects. The results showed that short-term _E. facicum_ SF68 supplementation could reduce the serum cobalamin in healthy dogs [53]. The supplementation of _E. facicum_ SF68 (5 \(\times\) 10\({}^{8}\) CFU/g/day) for 14 days was unable to change the liver function (serum alanine transferase and alkaline phosphatase activity) in healthy dogs [54]. Adult beagles were supplemented with _Weissella cibaria_ JW15 (probiotic strain isolated from kimchi) in two different concentrations (50 g per day; 3.0 \(\times\) 10\({}^{8}\) CFU/g or 3.0 \(\times\) 10\({}^{9}\) CFU/g) along with regular food for 14 days. The serum TG levels and fecal ammonia emissions were decreased in the probiotic-treated group. The fecal lactobacilli load and serum HDL-C levels were also improved by the probiotic intervention. The results suggested that JW15 supplementation could improve dogs' health [55]. _Bacillus subtilis_ (3.66 \(\times\) 10\({}^{7}\) CFU/kg of the diet) and _Bacillus licheniformis_ (3.66 \(\times\) 10\({}^{7}\) CFU/kg of the diet) administration to healthy dogs (n = 8, 4 females, 4 males) for 20 days did not affect nutrient digestibility but improved fecal consistency and reduced the occurrence of fetid feces. The fecal biogenic amine content was decreased, thereby reducing the fecal odor in dogs of the probiotic group [56]. _L.