## 1 Introduction  
### Background  
Recently, the nuclear capability of North Korea was demonstrated through nuclear and missile tests [1]. Therefore, electromagnetic pulse (EMP) threats have increased in South Korea. North Korea is intensively developing asymmetric strategic weapons, as demonstrated by the sixth nuclear test and missile transporter erect launcher tests. On 3 September 2017, immediately after the sixth nuclear test, North Korea claimed that they were capable of attacking with an ultra-powerful EMP by detonating a hydrogen bomb high in the atmosphere [2]. Based on this, it was predicted that North Korea would aim to maximize an EMP effect that could destroy infrastructure systems such as electric power, telecommunications, and finances, rather than nuclear provocation for the purpose of killing people. In September 2017, the U.S. EMP Commission issued a statement acknowledging the development and possession of hydrogen bombs capable of generating EMP by North Korea. Furthermore, electronic weapons can be used to generate EMP intentionally in major information and telecommunication infrastructures to threaten the underlying systems [3]. Thus, the threat of disrupting or destroying electric/electronic devices and communication systems using non-nuclear weapons such as electronic bombs and high-power EMP generators is increasing [4]. As EMP threats have increased globally, South Korea has recognized the risks of EMPs and is thereby developing and implementing EMP-related laws, policies,and projects [5]. However, they are still in their infancy. In the field of EMP protection, there are few construction cases, limited to some military and public organizations. If radio wave monitoring work for aviation, maritime, GPS, etc. in the private sector is paralyzed, along with military threats, it may lead to major national crises and social chaos such as threats to the safety of people and national security [6; 7; 8; 9]. Currently, most EMP protection facilities in South Korea conform to the EMP protection technology and test method standards (MIL-STD-188-125, etc.) of the U.S. Department of Defense [10]. Based on strict applications, South Korea is very reluctant to apply newly developed materials or differential application plans, based on the importance of facilities. If shielding facilities applying the MIL-STD-188-125 standard are installed in all national infrastructures, it is estimated that a huge budget will be required. MIL-STD-188-125 does not consider the blocking and attenuation characteristics of regular buildings or underground facilities in terms of EMP protection. Furthermore, it requires the use of a huge amount of concrete, rebar, and steel plates in heavyweight structures to disallow even a single failure in mission-critical facilities. Hence, there is no need to apply MIL-STD-188-125 to military facilities of all echelons. However, various construction materials and protection levels should be applied to various military facilities based on a flexible analysis of their criteria. By reducing the use of concrete and steel on this basis, it is possible to implement carbon neutrality and green planning [11; 12; 13]. In construction projects, the use of concrete and steel account for 65% of building greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions [14], out of which the use of concrete accounts for 40% of CO\({}_{2}\) emissions [15]. In particular, the mean embodied carbon dioxide (ECO\({}_{2}\)) of buildings is 340 kg-CO\({}_{2}\)/m\({}^{2}\), accounting for approximately 60% of all structures [16]. This means that reducing the ECO\({}_{2}\) of structures is the same as reducing GHG emissions, which contributes to carbon neutrality [17; 18; 19; 20]. The application of green planning to EMP protection, especially in the military, is a very important policy basis in national defense that contributes to the green growth policy of the South Korean government because the military plays a leading role in the development and domestic application of EMP protection technologies [21].