# Moving Ad Hoc Networks--A Comparative Study
## 4 Flying Ad-Hoc Network (FANET)
At the same time, we expect UAV industrial applications to develop in a more mature and stable direction. More and more companies are using drone wings to get the business off the ground. As shown in Figure 10, FANET ad hoc network has different characteristics:  
* Node Mobility: In FANET mobility, the degree is bigger than VANET and MANET, in which the UAV node has a speed of 30-460 km/h, which causes communication problems among the UAV nodes. * Low node density with a large distance between the UAVS. * The network topology changes frequently. * power consumption and network lifetime. * The radio propagation model. * GPS provides the geospatial localization. * Access to LoS ( Line-of-Sight). * Routing Protocols used in the FANET Network. Figure 11 shows the general classification of the routing protocols. However, to prevent network disruptions, jamming attacks, and localized failures, a Jamming-Resilient Multipath Routing Protocol for Flying Ad Hoc Networks has been proposed [32]. In [54], the authors present the Stochastic Packet Algorithm (SPA). However, the core idea is to randomly select a drone for re-routing based on a combination of multiple network metrics in real-time. To establish reliable end-to-end communication in randomly and rapidly flying drones' networks, [55] uses queue information and node geographic information \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c} \hline \hline
**Feature** & **Multi-UAV** & **Single-UAV** \\ \hline Scalability & High & Limited \\ Antenna & Directional & Omni-directional \\ mission speed & Fast & Slow \\ Required bandwidth & Medium & High \\ Control complexity & High & Low \\ Failure effect & System can reconfigure & Mission fails \\ Topology & Direct, and simple connection & Complex topology \\ Survivability & High & Poor \\ Heterogeneous configuration & Applicable & Inapplicable \\ Coverage area & Large & Small \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 3: Advantages of using multi-UAV and single UAV. to determine the next transmission (Fountain-code-based Greedy Queue and Position Assisted (FGQPA)). In [56], the authors proposed a Location-Aided Delay Tolerant Routing (LADTR) protocol that combines geographic relocation and store relay strategies to improve the path availability of the search methods among drones in post-disaster operations. In [57], the authors proposed the Link-quality and Traffic-load Aware Optimized Link-State Routing (LTA-OLSR) protocol. This protocol uses statistics on the received signal strength to find the link quality. The Mobility and Load aware OLSR (ML-OLSR) was proposed in [58], which assigns a stabilization degree for the links based on statistical distance information. The authors in [59] proposed the Predictive OLSR (P-OLSR), considering the direction and relative speed of the drone that uses the GPS-available information on board. An SDN-based routing management algorithm (STFANET) and central topology are presented in [60], where the controller establishes relay nodes to improve link availability and builds the routing table for each node based on link length. This work [61] proposes a FANET routing protocol (PSO-GLFR) that improves Greedy Forwarding Routing (GFR) using Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO). In [62], the authors proposed a Robust and Reliable Predictive routing Protocol (RARP) that uses speed, three-dimensional positions, and other information to predict the average node position by linear extrapolation, and to estimate the expected contact time accordingly. In [63], the authors presented a compression table for some of the major routing protocols in terms of land balancing, computation complexity, routing category, and communication overhead in the UAV network (Table 4). However, with the development of science, technology, and people's unemitting study and research, routing protocols for wireless ad hoc networks have developed rapidly. Therefore, we should be aware that the research on routing protocols for wireless ad hoc networks is a relatively complex issue.