# Spatiotemporal Dynamics and Obstacles of the Multi-Functionality of Land Use in Xiangxi, China
## 3 Results
### The Analysis of Obstacle Factors
#### 3.3.2 The Production-Living Type of Obstacle  
Luxi and Guzhang were both undergoing obstacles to production and living. The main factors restricting the land versatility of the two areas were the economic growth function (PF2), the transportation security function (PF3), the employment support function (LF1), and the cultural leisure function (LF3). According to statistical data, in 2017, the economic density of Luxi and Guzhang accounted for 25.60% and 13.86% of Jishou, respectively, and the low output value per unit of land was one of the main factors restricting land use in the two areas. In 2017, passenger transport turnover in Luxi and Guzhang accounted for 7.58% and 4.98% of the total, respectively, and the backward transportation facilities also limited the development of the region. The average salary of workers  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{l l l l l l l l l l} \hline \hline  & **Year** & **Jishou** & **Luxi** & **Fenghuang** & **Huayuan** & **Baojing** & **Guzhang** & **Yongshun** & **Longshan** \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{\
\begin{tabular}{c} The obstacles of total \\ function \\ \end{tabular} } & 2013 & LF & PF, LF & PF & PF & PF & PF, LF & PF & PF \\ \cline{2-10}  & 2014 & PF & PF, LF & PF & PF & PF & PF, LF & PF & PF \\ \cline{2-10}  & 2015 & LF, EF & PF & PF & PF, LF & PF & PF, LF & PF & PF \\ \cline{2-10}  & 2016 & LF, EF & PF & PF & PF & PF & PF & PF & PF \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{
\begin{tabular}{c} The obstacles of sub-function \\ of sub-function \\ \end{tabular} } & 2013 & PF, LF1, PF2, PF3 & PF1, PF2, PF3 & PF1, PF2, PF3 & PF2, PF3, PF2, PF3, PF2, PF3, PF2, PF3, PF3 & PF2, PF3, PF3 & PF2, PF3, PF3 & PF2, PF3, PF3 & PF3 \\ \cline{2-10}  & 2014 & PF1, PF2, PF3 & PF3 & PF3 & PF3 & LF3 & LF3 & LF3 \\ \cline{2-10}  & 2015 & PF1, LF3, PF2, PF3, PF2, PF3, PF1, PF2, PF3, PF2, PF3, PF2, PF3, PF2, PF3, PF2, PF3, PF2, PF3, PF3 & PF2, PF3, PF3 & PF2, PF3, PF3 & PF2, PF3, PF3 \\ \cline{2-10}  & 2016 & PF1, LF2, PF3 & LF1 & PF2, PF3 & PF2, PF3 & PF2, PF3, PF2, PF3, PF2, PF3, & PF2, PF3, & PF2, PF3, \\ \cline{2-10}  & 2017 & PF1, LF2, PF3, PF2, PF3, PF1, PF2, PF3, PF1, PF2, PF3, PF2, PF3, PF2, PF3, PF2, PF3, & PF2, PF3, & PF2, PF3, & PF2, PF3, \\ \hline \multicolumn{10}{l}{Note: PF is production function, LF is living function, and EF is ecological function. PF1 is the function for agriculture and animal husbandry production, PF2 is the function for economic growth, and PF3 is the function for transportation security. LF1 serves as employment support function, LF2 as the social security function, LF3 as cultural and leisure function, LF4 as the residential home function, EF1 as the resource supply function, EF2 as the ecological maintenance function, and EF3 as the environmental purification function.} \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}
Table 3: The main obstacles of land use function in Xiangxi.  
in both areas was not high (all were less than 88% of Jishou in 2017), which was less attractive for the labor force. In addition, farmers have to leave the area to work and do business frequently, and there are few rural employees (Guzhang retains less than one-third of the rural workers of Yongshun in 2017). The per capita green park space and the proportion of residents' cultural, educational, and entertainment expenditure in the two areas are less than the average level of the whole state, and there remains a significant room for improvement in land use for the cultural and leisure function (LF3).