## 5 Automobile Hub Intelligent Production Line System Data Acquisition and Transmission  
The intelligent production line of the automotive hub integrates equipment and control systems from various manufacturers. These devices utilize diverse communication protocols and generate substantial amounts of heterogeneous data during operations, significantly increasing the complexity of data collection. To address these challenges, it is essential to implement effective data-gathering techniques and adopt standardized communication protocols. The OPC UA (Open Platform Communications Unified Architecture), as a standardized communication protocol, offers a solution for data exchange between different software systems and supports the collection and analysis of heterogeneous data from multiple sources. It facilitates data interaction and fusion between the physical production line and the digital twin production line.  
In this study, the OPC UA, in conjunction with third-party IO server v3.8 software and an embedded OPC UA server, is utilized to develop a data perception platform framework for an intelligent production line system focused on automotive wheel hubs, based on  
Figure 9: Automobile wheel handling and grinding process planning.  
digital twins. This approach effectively addresses the challenges of data acquisition and transmission from underlying equipment, as illustrated in Figure 10.  
By distinguishing between Ethernet communication and protocol-driven communication, the framework establishes external and embedded OPC UA servers to realize end-to-end functions of data acquisition and transmission [45]. The OPC UA client built in the virtual workshop and information service layer, being at the receiving end of data transmission, forms a complete data transmission channel with the server.  
In the implementation process, the first step involves establishing communication among the industrial Ethernet host computer, PLC, vision inspection system, sensors, and all relevant equipment. Secondly, by leveraging the integrated protocol driver in the IO Server software, the device data address is obtained via industrial Ethernet and then stored in the OPC UA server. Finally, offline simulation data for the virtual production line is acquired in real time through the employment of an emulation-driven protocol.  
Figure 10: Data acquisition and transmission architecture of automobile wheel intelligent production line system.  
These devices guarantee smooth communication and continuous data flow via seamless integration. Since data cannot be collected by third-party software, an embedded OPC UA server is used to collect and transmit data via the data acquisition development board and underlying protocol conversion program [46]. The IO Server software summarizes and classifies the intelligent production line data, converts it into the format that conforms to the OPC UA protocol, and realizes real-time data transmission through the OPC UA server.  
The study's protocol-driven transmission method ensures seamless data integration across various systems, including MES, WMS, and ERP, as well as Excel and IoT platforms. This integration facilitates the real-time monitoring and analysis of production line data, enhancing the transparency and traceability of the manufacturing process. Additionally, it provides robust data support for production decision making, process optimization, and efficiency improvements, as demonstrated by the critical role of data in project management and the optimization of business operations.