## 3 Materials and Methods
### Implementation of Storyliving Virtual Reality
#### 3.2.3 User Interface Design  
The user interface (Figure 10) is designed in stages to enable users to explore Hanyangdoseong and experience historical and cultural spaces. Navigation within the system is conducted through handheld controller clicks.  
This design accommodates the vast expanse of Hanyangdoseong, allowing users to explore and transition between locations efficiently. It also supports frequent scene transitions, which are integral to the storyliving structure, while helping to reduce the risk of cybersickness [24; 25]. The process is divided into starting, route, selection and repetition, and ending sections.  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c} \hline \hline
**Mechanism** & **Description** & **Effect** \\ \hline Arrival at branch node & Provides various options on reaching a branch node & Allows for the selection of the next path or the experience of specific events \\ Free movement & Offers the option to move to a different choice at any time & Enables free exploration and progression of the story in the desired direction \\ Prevent repeated movement & Provides new options after moving through the same type of space more than four times & Prevents repetitive movement and encourages diverse experiences \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}
Table 8: Mechanisms of selection events.  
Figure 9: Storyliving virtual reality implementation pipeline.  
In the starting section, users watch an introductory video showing Hanyangdoseong's key spaces to enhance immersion. Then, the map of Hanyangdoseong is displayed, and the users select one of six courses to begin.  
In the route section, users explore the 79 locations along Hanyangdoseong. When they reach a branch point or repeatedly traverse the same section, route change or event options are provided. The free movement feature allows users to return to the starting point or select another course at any time.  
Figure 10: Nonlinear configuration of the user interface.  
In the selection and repetition section, users listen to the descriptions of each trekking route and choose an option: Hanyangdoseong in Nature, Hanyangdoseong in City, or Peaceful Hanyangdoseong. They then explore preferred locations distinguished by terrain and enjoy the unique experiences at each site.  
In the ending section, the completion of at least one trekking route triggers a completion message and a checkmark for that course. When all courses are completed, a final message is displayed, indicating that the user has thoroughly explored all the locations of Hanyangdoseong and gained a deep understanding. The system configuration provides features that allow users to move to different locations or return to previous ones at each stage, enabling an immersive, nonlinear exploration experience.  
Unlike conventional VR systems, which often focus on providing linear, visually-driven simulations with predetermined viewing points, this storyliving approach offers users the freedom to explore multiple pathways. By making meaningful choices throughout their journey, users can foster deeper engagement and develop a more personal understanding of Hanyangdoseong.