## 2 The Market of Biocomponents and Liquid Biofuels
### Production of Biocomponents in Poland  
Business activity in the field of production of biocomponents and liquid biofuels, as defined by provisions of the Act of 6 March 2018--Entrepreneurship Law Act (Journal of Laws of 2018 item 1633) [18], is a regulated activity, which requires entry in the register of manufacturers, maintained by the Director General of the National Centre for Support of Agriculture. As of 10.10.2018, there were 24 entrepreneurs entered in the register, holding a total of 27 installations for the production of biocomponents. In this number, 15 of these were used for production of bioethanol (of the declared capacity of 909.5 million litres/year), 9 are installations for production of fatty acid methyl esters (1520.7 million litres/year), 2 facilities for production of liquid bio-hydrocarbons (32.5 million litres/year) and 1 for the production of bio propane-butane (3.5 million litres/year) [19]. Due to the great number and annual performance of the installations for production of methyl esters and bioethanol, further analysis will be focused on these biocomponents.  
In accordance with the recommendations of the National Centre for Support of Agriculture (KOWR), on when it is necessary to change the volume units to mass units with regards to data on the biocomponents, it is necessary to apply a density of 892 kg/m\({}^{3}\) for methyl ester and 778 kg/m\({}^{3}\) for bioethanol [20]. In association with the above, upon transforming the annual performance of the installations used for production of these biocomponents in 2018, expressed in the register of entrepreneurs in million litres per year, the values of 1356.6 thousand tons for esters and 707.6 thousand tons for bioethanol were obtained, respectively.  
In the 1 st and 2 nd quarter of 2018, 406.7 thousand tons of methyl esters were produced, including 4.4 thousand tons of biocomponents meeting the SC, which were eligible to count as double values in the achievement of the sectoral objective. At the same time, 103.3 thousand tons of bioethanol were produced, including 1.1 thousand tons eligible to count as double values. For the production of esters, 408.3 thousand tons of raw material were used, in which 98.7% was rapeseed oil, and for the production of bioethanol, 422.5 thousand tons of substrate were used, 53.5% of which was corn. The raw materials, which allowed for the counting of biocomponents as double values for achievement of the target established for 2020, were rapeseed oil (0.7%), as well as animal fats of category 2 (0.4%) in the case of methyl esters, and food waste (1.0%) in the case of bioethanol [21].  
In the analysis of the Polish market of biocomponents, of significance is the actual degree of utilization of the declared production capacity by manufacturers of methyl esters and bioethanol. In 2017, manufacturers of these biocomponents registered installations for the total annual capacity of 1356.5 thousand tons of esters and 667.9 thousand tons of bioethanol [22], while the actual production was 897.0 thousand tons of esters and 203.7 thousand tons of bioethanol [23]. This means that the annual production capacity of Polish manufacturers of biocomponents were used at 66.1% in the case of methyl esters and at 30.5% in relation to bioethanol. In the period from 2013 until 2017, the average degree of utilization of production capacity amounted to 67.4% for esters and 29.0% for bioethanol [24; 25].