###### Abstract  
An important stage in any breeding activity is selection of suitable individuals for further breeding. Thus, the main goal of breeders becomes such a selection of parental forms that leads to the consolidation and maximization of the value of traits of significant utility and economic importance. Heterosis and specific combining ability are very important parameters in plant and animal breeding. The ability to predict their value and relevance could significantly shorten the breeding process. One way to predict the effects of heterosis and specific combining ability is to select parental forms for crosses. This selection can be made on the basis of variation in parental forms. An analysis was made of publicly available data that contain information about the effects of heterosis, the effects of specific combining ability, and phenotypic and genetic diversity of parental forms. Preliminary studies show that the best approach for obtaining favorable hybrids would be selection of parental forms that are very genetically diverse while being phenotypically equal. hybrids; correlation analysis; Mahalanobis distance; maize; rapeseed oil +
Footnote †: journal: Medical  
processes. Hybrid varieties can also help increase genetic diversity in plant populations, which is important for long-term crop stability and resistance to changing environmental conditions. The use of heterosis can help reduce the cost of crop production, as hybrid varieties can show greater efficiency in the use of resources, such as water and fertilizer. Heterosis is particularly important in breeding annual crops, which are often grown on a large scale to produce food for a growing world population. The use of heterosis in plant breeding can lead to a reduction in the use of pesticides and herbicides, as hybrid varieties often show greater resistance to pests and weeds. Hybrid varieties can also have a positive impact on the development of sustainable agriculture, by increasing production efficiency and reducing negative environmental impacts. Conclusions from research on heterosis in plant breeding can be applied to improve breeding strategies and increase the efficiency of food production to meet growing social needs. Specific combining ability (SCA) is a type of combining ability that is based on non-additive allelic effects [8]. It is determined by the difference between the trait value in a given cross relative to the expected value determined on the basis of overall combining ability [9]. Specific combining ability plays a key role in plant breeding and is important for obtaining desired traits and improving yields. SCA refers to the ability of certain plants to form efficient and desirable genetic combinations when crossbreeding. In plant breeding, SCA is used to produce hybrids with higher yield, quality, and resistance to diseases and pests. Plants with high SCA can be efficiently crossed with different varieties, resulting in progeny with desirable traits. The use of SCA allows selection and combining of resistance genes, which contributes to plants that are less susceptible to diseases and pests. SCA is particularly important for annual crops, such as corn and wheat, which are grown on a large scale for food production. The use of SCA allows plants with different maturity dates to be crossed, allowing yields to be adjusted for different seasons. SCA helps increase genetic diversity in plant populations, which is important for long-term crop stability and resistance to changing environmental conditions. Growers are using SCA to produce plants with higher fertility, which translates into higher profits for producers. The use of SCAs can help reduce crop production costs by increasing efficiency in the use of resources such as water and fertilizer. For autogamous crops, specific combining ability can be important to increase genetic variability and avoid endogamous depression. SCA is also important in genetic research, allowing analysis of genotype interactions and identification of genes responsible for desirable traits.