## 2 Literature Review  
Due to the large volume of data, the complexity of the topic, and the broad scope covered by the four techniques, conducting a traditional literature review would be inappropriate as many categories and findings would be overlooked, focusing only on the most frequently occurring ones. The analysis of the 296 articles is carried out through statistical research in the Section 3 and primarily by answering the research questions presented in the Section 5, particularly the first three. Therefore, an additional search was conducted based on the eligibility and exclusion criteria presented in the Section 3 (Methodology), not for articles but for reviews on this subject. The results from Scopus yielded 25 reviews. After applying the eligibility and exclusion criteria, 13 reviews closely related to the topic under examination were selected. The remaining were excluded as they either addressed risk factors unrelated to human safety or applied risk factors to other sectors. Below is a bibliographic review of the 13 selected literature reviews. The literature review by [PERSON] and colleagues [56] highlighted the issues and gaps in the field of occupational health and safety concerning road safety during heavy vehicle transportation. The initial study consisted of 124 articles, of which only 42 had significant relevance to occupational risk and safety, and only 17 out of the 42 provided basic techniques for addressing and preventing risks in transportation. The authors evaluated the safety management practices, safety culture, and risk utilization across all sectors of transportation. One of their key findings was that there were 86 injuries per 1000 workers in the transportation sector compared to 69 injuries per 1000 workers in the industrial sector. This lack of data has been generally noted in the field of occupational safety [47; 53; 57], as well as in the broad category of professional driving [58]. For the heavy vehicle road transport industry, this raises particular concerns due to the high risk of collision and injury associated with the work of heavy vehicle drivers. Another significant finding is that the job of a heavy vehicle driver is considered to be a remote work environment, without supervision, which means that drivers may engage in irregularities or omissions in their work without these being easily detected by the employer [59; 60]. Overall, the literature highlights a lack of data in the field of occupational safety for professional drivers. This creates particular challenges in the industrial sector of heavy vehicle road transport, where there is a high risk of collisions and injuries related to the job [56]. In their literature review, [PERSON] and her colleagues [61] analyzed the progress achieved in risk assessment over the past decade under a general approach to Quantitative RiskAssessment (QRA). Specifically, they argued that QRA has remained unchanged in its basic principles since the early 1980s but has continuously evolved and is now being integrated into various industries that did not exist at that time. Risk assessment techniques significantly influence the design of a system. However, this particular literature review focused on chemical substances, which may cause accidents in industry, either accidentally or deliberately, primarily related to the loss or leakage of such substances. The authors argued that similar literature reviews were conducted in the past but examined the topic from a different perspective. Nevertheless, they all converge on the fundamental value of risk assessment and the dissemination of information [61]. Another literature review [9] sought models that were popular and repeatable among researchers under the umbrella of health and safety risk assessment. By consolidating these methods and models, they categorized them into seven groups. Six out of the seven categories refer to models that are also employed by other researchers. One category, which focuses on artificial intelligence, is examined from a different perspective.