## 3 Results and Discussion
### Bioactive Compounds  
The coloration of microgreens is one of the main attributes that affect customers' choice of microgreens and their economic value. Chlorophyll and carotenoids are major photosynthetic pigments responsible for the specific coloration of microgreens [23]. These pigments are found to be richer in microgreens than sprouts [24]. In the present study, \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Microgreens** & **Ash** &
\begin{tabular}{c} **Total** \\ **Carbohydrate** \\ \end{tabular} & **Total Protein** & **Moisture** & **Total Fat** & **Total Calories** \\ \hline \multicolumn{7}{c}{(g 100 g\({}^{-1}\))} \\ \hline  & & & Brassicaceae & & & \\ \hline Broccoli & 0.51 \(\pm\) 0.02 & 2.70 \(\pm\) 0.20 & 2.23 \(\pm\) 0.11 & 94.07 \(\pm\) 3.11 & 0.49 \(\pm\) 0.01 & 24.13 \(\pm\) 0.20 \\ Chinese kale & 0.65 \(\pm\) 0.00 & 3.13 \(\pm\) 0.11 & 2.23 \(\pm\) 0.00 & 93.63 \(\pm\) 2.12 & 0.36 \(\pm\) 0.02 & 24.68 \(\pm\) 0.22 \\ Purple radish & 0.52 \(\pm\) 0.05 & 3.70 \(\pm\) 0.10 & 3.41 \(\pm\) 0.05 & 91.88 \(\pm\) 1.25 & 0.49 \(\pm\) 0.01 & 32.85 \(\pm\) 0.15 \\ Radish & 0.44 \(\pm\) 0.02 & 3.29 \(\pm\) 0.09 & 2.58 \(\pm\) 0.01 & 93.19 \(\pm\) 1.23 & 0.50 \(\pm\) 0.01 & 27.98 \(\pm\) 0.20 \\ Rat-tailed radish & 0.43 \(\pm\) 0.00 & 2.91 \(\pm\) 0.03 & 2.50 \(\pm\) 0.03 & 93.50 \(\pm\) 2.13 & 0.66 \(\pm\) 0.03 & 27.58 \(\pm\) 0.13 \\ Red cabbage & 0.75 \(\pm\) 0.05 & 2.32 \(\pm\) 0.01 & 1.88 \(\pm\) 0.02 & 94.67 \(\pm\) 3.11 & 0.38 \(\pm\) 0.02 & 20.22 \(\pm\) 0.22 \\ \hline \multicolumn{7}{c}{Fabaceae} \\ \hline Fenugreek & 0.50 \(\pm\) 0.00 & 5.12 \(\pm\) 0.02 & 4.03 \(\pm\) 0.06 & 90.17 \(\pm\) 1.22 & 0.18 \(\pm\) 0.00 & 38.22 \(\pm\) 0.27 \\ Green pea & 0.36 \(\pm\) 0.02 & 3.39 \(\pm\) 0.04 & 3.73 \(\pm\) 0.02 & 92.37 \(\pm\) 2.38 & 0.15 \(\pm\) 0.00 & 29.83 \(\pm\) 0.15 \\ Lentil & 0.61 \(\pm\) 0.00 & 5.92 \(\pm\) 0.01 & 6.47 \(\pm\) 0.11 & 86.57 \(\pm\) 1.12 & 0.43 \(\pm\) 0.02 & 53.43 \(\pm\) 0.19 \\ Mung bean & 0.64 \(\pm\) 0.04 & 7.16 \(\pm\) 0.02 & 4.55 \(\pm\) 0.05 & 87.29 \(\pm\) 2.28 & 0.36 \(\pm\) 0.01 & 50.08 \(\pm\) 0.11 \\ \hline \multicolumn{7}{c}{Others} \\ \hline Black sesame & 0.34 \(\pm\) 0.00 & 3.58 \(\pm\) 0.03 & 1.92 \(\pm\) 0.02 & 93.75 \(\pm\) 2.27 & 0.41 \(\pm\) 0.02 & 25.69 \(\pm\) 0.10 \\ Buckwheat & 0.34 \(\pm\) 0.00 & 4.90 \(\pm\) 0.01 & 1.75 \(\pm\) 0.03 & 92.74 \(\pm\) 1.11 & 0.27 \(\pm\) 0.01 & 29.03 \(\pm\) 0.14 \\ Morning glory & 0.54 \(\pm\) 0.01 & 3.08 \(\pm\) 0.03 & 1.76 \(\pm\) 0.00 & 94.26 \(\pm\) 1.21 & 0.36 \(\pm\) 0.01 & 22.60 \(\pm\) 0.12 \\ Red roselle & 0.64 \(\pm\) 0.00 & 2.51 \(\pm\) 0.05 & 4.10 \(\pm\) 0.07 & 92.51 \(\pm\) 1.19 & 0.24 \(\pm\) 0.01 & 28.60 \(\pm\) 0.07 \\ \hline \multicolumn{7}{c}{Mean \(\pm\) SE, \(n\) = 2.} \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 3: Proximate analysis of the studied microgreens grown under controlled environment. the microgreens showed a total chlorophyll content range of 12.35 to 112.62 mg 100 g\({}^{-1}\). The smallest concentration was found in green pea, while the highest was detected in lentil microgreens. Our results bear a close resemblance to a previous study of radish and fenugreek microgreens [25]. The content of carotenoids had a similar pattern as the content of the total chlorophyll, ranging from 4.40 to 28.37 mg 100 g\({}^{-1}\). Higher carotenoid contents were detected in the Brassicaceae microgreens: broccoli, Chinese kale, radish, and red cabbage, than previously reported (11.9, 10.6, 11.4, and 10.4 mg 100 g\({}^{-1}\), respectively) by [PERSON] et al. (2019)[9]. A similar carotenoid concentration (13.8 mg 100 g\({}^{-1}\)) had been reported for purple radish [9]. Anthocyanin pigments give the attractive red, orange, blue, or purple coloration to plant tissues [26]. Red cabbage and purple radish exhibit purplish-red hypocotyls owing to the accumulation of anthocyanins.