# Analysis of Digital Skills and Infrastructure in EU Countries Based on DESI 2024 Data
## 2 Related Works  
Achievements in internet communications, which allow the necessary quality of service to be provided in various spheres of human activity, have made the digital economy a constantly developing global phenomenon. Today, doing business online is commonplace, but its further spread requires improved digital technologies. The development of digital technologies in EU countries is monitored using a composite index that measures and compares the progress of EU countries in the field of digital economy and society. DESI allows for measurement indicators of digital society, digital technologies, and the economy [1; 6; 7]. Therefore, DESI is the basis and also the object for many studies, for example, on digitalization and convergence analysis [1], on analysis of the state of network infrastructure and recommendations for its deployment and improvement [8], on Sustainable Development Indicators [9], and DESI analysis through cluster analysis [5] and in the Pre- and Post-Pandemic Period [10]. In [11], a reduced and statistically robust version of the DESI that enhances its applicability at the regional level is proposed. From 2014 to 2022, the DESI provided an overall assessment of Europe's digital performance and tracked the progress of EU countries. Now, Europe is committed to empowering companies and people in a human-centric, sustainable, prosperous digital future, according to the Digital Decade Policy Programme 2030. Starting in 2023, DESI has continued to be used to monitor Europe's performance towards the digital goals, but now as part of this program. A description of the current state of the DESI indicators in 27 European countries is available in [12]. At the current stage, the successful development of society and its economy depends on various factors and digital transformation components. In 2021, the European Commission presented the roadmap for Europe's digital transformation by 2030. It presented these in the form of a digital compass for the EU's Digital Decade, which contains the following four main components:  
* Skills;
* Infrastructures;
* Business;
* Government. The digital skills of society members and the high-quality digital infrastructure to which they have access are the basis for improving, implementing, and disseminating digital business and government. Even more crucial is the qualification level of Information Technology (IT) specialists, who will support existing applications, enhance them, and develop new ones. It is very positive that DESI provides data to analyze the state of digital skills separately for consumers of IT services and IT specialists. Today, the competitiveness of a country's economy depends on many factors, among which is the implementation of advanced digital network technologies and services [12]. No less important is their harmonization and consistency with the network technologies of other countries. The issue of describing network technologies in terms of their technical characteristics and capabilities is widely presented in the literature today, for example, regarding 5G, 5 Ge, and 6G technologies in [13; 14; 15], cloud networks in [16], the Internet of Things in [17; 18], Personal Local Wireless Networks in [19], a mobile robot system in [20], Enterprise Networking in [21], and an Intelligent Edge Environment for Smart Cities in [22]. The IT sector structure and development in all creative industries in the EU countries are considered in [23]. The analysis of sources has shown that DESI indicators are an important basis for many scientific studies. In most cases, this is the study of key aspects of digital transformation in Europe and the analysis of their regional differences. Existing works on the study of DESI indicators consider individual specific indicators. Therefore, a systematic analysis of a certain class of indicators, covering all its currently existing components, is an urgent task. This work is devoted to studying two classes of indicators: digital skills and digital infrastructure.