# Advanced Applications of Industrial Robotics: New Trends and Possibilities
## 2 Main Robotiisation Strategies
### Modern Robotiisation Strategy  
The modern robotisation strategy is based on implementing collaborative robots (cobots). According to [13], the definition of cobot was first used in a 1999 US patent [14] and was intended for \"an apparatus and method for direct physical integration between a person and a general-purpose manipulator controlled by a computer.\" It was the result of the efforts of General Motors to implement robotics in the automotive sector to help humans in assembly operations. The first lightweight cobot, LBR3, designed by a German robotics company, was introduced in 2004 [13]. This has led to the broader development of a modern robotics strategy and new manufacturers in the market. In 2008, the Danish manufacturer Universal Robots released the UR5, a cobot that could safely operate alongside the employees, eliminating the need for safety caging or fencing (Figure 3b). This launched a new era of flexible, user-friendly, and cost-efficient collaborative robots [13], and resulted in the current situation, in which all of the major robot manufacturers have at least a few cobot models in their product range. The fourth industrial revolution--_Industry 4.0_--significantly fostered the development of cobot's technologies, because the concept fitted well with _Industry 4.0_ content, allowing human-robot collaboration to be realised and being suitable for flexible manufacturing systems. Contrary to typical industrial robots, next-generation robotics uses artificial intelligence (AI) to collaboratively perform tasks and is suitable for uncontrolled/unpredictable environments [15]. Moreover, due to favourable conditions (advances in AI, sensing technologies, and computer vision), collaborative industrial robots have become significantly smarter, showing the potential of reliable and secure cooperation, and increasing the productivity and efficiency of the involved processes [15]. However, it should be noted that _Industry 4.0_ fostered not only the widespread of robotics, but also posed new challenges. When developing highly automated systems, most of the equipment is related through the Internet of Things (IoT) or other communication technologies. Therefore, cybersecurity and privacy protection of processes used to monitor and control data [16; 17] must be considered. The issue of data protection is also becoming more critical due to the latest communication technologies, such as 5G and 6G [18]. These technologies allow the development of standardised wireless communication networks for various control levels (single-cell, production line, factory, network of factories) and, at the same time, makes systems more sensitive to external influences. The main impact of _Industry 4.0_ and new communication technologies on industrial robots is that their controllers have an increasing number of connections, functions, and protocols to communicate with other \"smart\" devices. The study presented in [19] analyses the possibilities of human-robot collaboration in aircraft assembly operations. The benefits of human-robot cooperation were examined in terms of the productivity increase and the levels of satisfaction of the human workers. The obtained results showed that humans and robots could simultaneously work safely in a common area without any physical separation, and significantly reduce time and costs compared with manual operations. Moreover, assessment of employee opinionsshowed that most employees positively evaluated the implementation of collaborative robots. Nevertheless, employee attitudes depend on their practical experience: it was noticed that experts felt more confident than beginners. This can be explained by the fact that experts better understand the overall manufacturing process and are more accustomed to operating with various equipment. Compared to traditional industrial robots, cobots have more user-friendly control features and wider teaching options.