# Smart Clothing Framework for Health Monitoring Applications
## 5 Conclusions  
This paper has proposed a comprehensive framework for smart leggings as an innovative health monitoring system with the combination of textile and sensor materials to overcome the shortcomings of traditional wearable technologies including discomfort, sensing inaccuracy, and the incapability of long-term monitoring. The overarching aim of the proposed framework is to show the pathways and to present scientific evidence for developing smart clothing to monitor the wearer's health effectively through gathering various physiological indicators of the human body and handling gathered data using a cloud platform through IoT, Wi-Fi, mobile internet, cloud computing, big data and machine learning. The framework combines various stages, including the design stage and finding a suitable textile and sensor material, and sensor-integration techniques with clothing, signal collection, processing, and decision making. After assessing the material characteristics, a graphene-based material has been selected as the suitable material for making smart leggings. Conductive metal fibre materials such as silver-plated copper (Cu/Ag) filaments, brass (Ms) and silver-plated brass (Ms/Ag) filaments and aluminium (Al) filaments can be used, whereas 3D copper and silver nanostructures have been identified as suitable textile materials. Carbon-based materials such as graphene and carbon nanotubes are identified as the promising sensor materials for developing smart clothes. In addition, a conceptual specification has also been provided for developing smart clothing (smart leggings). The proposed framework can be applied for developing smart clothes (smart leggings) to enhance operation and quality of life through monitoring various physical indicators and provides value-added service in healthcare, particularly for elderly people, and can track fitness data for sportsmen and athletes. The framework is capable of alleviating existing challenges identified from previous research, including technical issues (noisy signal, shorter battery life, and high-power consumption), durability, service life and maintenance (high failure rate and poor washability), poor social acceptability, and poor design and integration. The proposed framework will support companies and designers to develop innovative smart textiles and technology that will undoubtedly change the way of human life.  
**Author Contributions:** All authors have equal contribution to prepare and finalize the manuscript. Conceptualization, M.A., S.H.T., A.S.M.S. and A.A.; methodology, M.A., S.H.T., A.S.M.S. and A.A.; validation, M.A., S.H.T., A.S.M.S. and A.A.; formal analysis, M.A. and A.A.; investigation, M.A., S.H.T., A.S.M.S. and A.A.; resources, M.A. and A.A.; data curation, M.A. and A.A.; writing--original draft preparation, M.A., S.H.T. and A.S.M.S.; writing--review and editing, M.A., S.H.T., A.S.M.S. and A.A.; visualization, M.A., S.H.T. and A.A.A.; supervision, A.S.M.S. and A.A.; project administration, M.A. and A.A. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.  
**Funding:** This research received no external funding.  
**Institutional Review Board Statement:** Not applicable.  
**Informed Consent Statement:** Not applicable.  
**Data Availability Statement:** The data presented in this study are available in this article.  
**Acknowledgments:** The authors would like to thank the team of Manchester Met University for their all kinds of support for this research work and preparing the manuscript.  
**Conflicts of Interest:** The authors declare no conflict of interest.