## 1 Introduction  
Due to the growth in the world population, the need for energy demand is increasing day by day. This increase in non-renewable energy consumption accelerates the release of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere, climate change, and leads to environmental impacts that will adversely affect air quality and thus human health. Buildings are one of the main sources of global energy consumption and maintenance and operation procedures are responsible for 20-40% of total energy use [1]. Most of the energy consumed by buildings is used by heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) systems for space conditioning [2]. Especially in developed countries, HVAC systems in buildings consume more than two thirds of the energy supplied to buildings [3]. This ratio is predicted to increase up to 64% by 2100 [4]. In order to reduce this high energy consumption in buildings, environmentally friendly sustainable methods should be researched and developed. To reduce the amount of energy consumed for indoor ventilation and thermal comfort, passive cooling systems, i.e., natural ventilation systems, should be utilized instead of mechanical ventilation systems. Compared to mechanically ventilated buildings, it has been observed that energy use in naturally ventilated buildings is reduced by 30-40% [5; 6; 7]. Natural ventilation systems, which are divided into cross ventilation and chimney ventilation, rely on natural driving forces like wind and the temperature difference between the building and its surroundings to provide fresh air flow from a building [8]. By using wind-driven natural cross ventilation, indoor air quality and thermal comfort can be improved without energy consumption. Although cross ventilation is an effective ventilation method for buildings, its analysis is a complex process. This complexity arises from the fact that it is affected by many factors such as building geometry, location and dimensions of ventilation openings, internal obstructions, urban density, wind direction. This situation has attracted the attention of researchers and has led to an increase in the number of experimental and numerical studies to investigate natural ventilation processes in buildings. Table 1 presents an overview of the computational fluid dynamics and experimental studies reported to date on cross-ventilation in buildings, classifying these studies according to the type of research, turbulence models used, key physical variables and performance metrics. Studies examining the influence of opening position, one of the key variables affecting ventilation efficiency, reveal notable findings. [PERSON] et al. [9] found that the relative position of openings in the building facade and the inlet-outlet ratio were the critical parameters for accurate natural ventilation modelling and design. [PERSON] [8] numerically investigated the effect of opening position and shape on natural cross ventilation and found that both opening shapes and positions were critical elements of the building and significantly affected airflow pattern within the building. [PERSON] et al. [10] evaluated nine distinct cross-opening arrangements, situated on both the downwind and upwind facades of a building, to assess the impact of various opening locations on wind-driven ventilation efficiency using k-\(\epsilon\) turbulence model. [PERSON] and [PERSON] [11] stated that small changes in the lateral and vertical positions of the windows affected the natural ventilation flow by increasing the volume flow. On the other hand, [PERSON] et al. [12] emphasized that the influence on the volumetric flow rate of placing the outlet openings vertically was relatively small. Another important issue that has been studied extensively by researchers is the role of opening sizes on ventilation efficiency. [PERSON] et al. [13] performed an experimental study on the impact of sidewall opening size on the discharge coefficient of a windward opening. The research found that the discharge coefficient was significantly influenced by the opening size.