## 4 Experimental Results
Dual RDH involves the process of concealing data within two distinct cover images for each evaluated method, denoted as \(I_{1}\) and \(I_{2}\). This methodology allows for a comparative analysis of the methods by evaluating the PSNR and embedding capacity (EC) bits of the stego images \(\Delta I_{1}\) and \(\Delta I_{2}\), the outcomes of the embedding process. The results of our experiments highlight that our proposed method is uniquely capable of embedding data at the maximum capacity, setting it apart from other techniques that exhibited relatively similar data hiding performances. Specifically, the method by [PERSON] et al. (2007) [17] exhibited a PSNR of approximately 45 dB, while [PERSON] et al. (2015) [14] reported an improvement with a PSNR around 49 dB. The technique proposed by [PERSON] et al. (2019) [22] resulted in a PSNR of 51 dB for \(\Delta I_{1}\) and 49 dB for \(\Delta I_{2}\), averaging approximately 50 dB. The approach by [PERSON] et al. [23] demonstrated a remarkable consistency in image quality, achieving an average PSNR of 51 dB across both images. Our proposed method showcased a PSNR of 50 dB for \(\Delta I_{1}\) and 51 dB for \(\Delta I_{2}\), indicating a slight variation in the quality of the two images. Although the average image quality is slightly lower compared to the method proposed by [PERSON] et al., the superior data hiding capacity of our approach markedly proves its overall excellence. This comprehensive assessment emphasizes the potential of our method in striking a delicate balance between embedding capacity and image integrity, rendering it a compelling choice for applications necessitating robust and efficient data hiding solutions. Figures 5 and 6 visually demonstrate the change in image quality (PSNR) for the displayed images \(\Delta I_{1}\) and \(\Delta I_{2}\) when various embedding ratios (ERs) are applied to the original image 'Lena'. The ER values were methodically determined by documenting the PSNR measurements in increments of 0.1, with a range from 0.1 to 1.1. Figure 5 presents the PSNR data for \(\Delta I_{1}\). With the exception of the method proposed by [PERSON] et al. (2015) [14], all instances achieved a PSNR quality above 60 dB at 0.1 bpp. Although our proposed method does not achieve the highest performance, it demonstrates the ability to embed more data than the methods proposed by [PERSON] et al. (2022) [23] and [PERSON] et al. (2019) [22]. Notably, these methods are limited to hiding up to 1.0 bpp, while our strategy increases this capacity to 1.10 bpp and also exhibits remarkable PSNR performance. Figure 6 indicates that our proposed method achieves the highest PSNR across the entire range of embedding ratios compared to the existing methods. The observed slight difference in PSNR between \(\Delta I_{1}\) and \(\Delta I_{2}\) stems from the characteristics of our proposed method, a trait shared by the existing methods. In Figure 6, the methods introduced by [PERSON] et al. (2022) [23] and [PERSON] et al. (2019) [22] exhibit lower PSNR performance over the entire bpp range when compared to our method, exemplifying such properties; therefore, this trait is not an exclusive limitation of our proposed method. As a result, our proposed method has been demonstrated to enhance bpp performance while maintaining a high PSNR level. The comparative analysis in Figures 5 and 6 validates the non-destructive nature of the RDH approach, and showcases the adaptability and efficiency of our method. We have achieved an optimal balance between embedding capacity and image quality, significantly advancing the field of steganography and digital image processing. In this study, we adopt a dynamic modification strategy through a RDH technique, aimed at offering a flexible adjustment between embedding capacity and image quality, as indicated by PSNR. This approach offers precise control over the degree of data embedding and makes it possible to adapt the amount of information hidden in the image to the respective requirements.