## 5 Conclusions  
In this study, numerical simulation was performed to predict and analyze the construction and operation safety of multiple steel corrugated pipe arch culverts. The study is divided into two parts: one is the numerical analysis of arch culvert construction. The other is the investigation of the influence of the dynamic cycle vehicle load on arch culverts. The following conclusions were drawn:  
1. After construction, due to the influence of filling thickness, the settlement of the east side of the arch culvert is larger. The maximum settlement of the soil in the arch culvert area is at the junction of the two different arch culverts. The different structure sizes have caused the soil to be discontinuous and uneven in space, and the response to the load is greater. The maximum vertical deformation of the structure appears at the vault, and the arch waist is prone to stress concentration. Therefore, the vault and haunch need to be considered in the design stage.
2. The stress and deformation of the structure increase rapidly with an increase in the number of times the load passes through the steel corrugated pipe arch culverts and then stabilizes rapidly. The structure can reach the cooperative state of deformation with the soil in the initial stage of arch culvert operation. However, the subgrade soil between the arch culvert and the structure itself will produce some unrecoverable deformation or internal force accumulation.
3. After structural deformation, there is a relatively constant deformation point around the pipe. The vertical deformation of the left side of the structure at this point is opposite to that on the right side. In addition, the circumferential stress transformation point appears at the arch's shoulder of the structure. From the vault to the arch's waist, the circumferential stress first increases gradually and then decreases gradually towards the arch's waist after reaching its maximum at this point.
4. Although the arch's crown had a large vertical deformation, the von Mises stress of the arch's waist increased rapidly and was highest. Based on the fourth strength criterion, the arch's waist is the most dangerous for structural damage. Therefore, utmost care must be taken during the design and construction.  
The span of the steel corrugated pipe structure, height of the arch fill, mesh, boundary of the calculation model, parameters of materials, and interaction between soils and structures may affect the calculation results. Field monitoring data should be collected for the verification of the analysis in the following study.  
Conceptualization, X.B. and X.C.; methodology, X.W.; validation, J.S., S.W. and H.C.; formal analysis, S.W.; investigation, X.W.; data curation, X.W.; writing--original draft preparation, S.W.; writing--review and editing, J.S., X.W.; supervision, X.B.; project administration, X.C.; funding acquisition, X.B. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.  
This research was funded by the National Key R&D Program of China (Grant No. 2019 YFC1511104), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 52090084), and the Technical Innovation Foundation of Shenzhen (Grant No. JCYJ20220531101214031).