###### Abstract  
Six novel green extraction techniques were evaluated and optimized to extract pyrethrin from dried Dalmatian pyrethrum (_Tanactum cinerariifolium_ (Trevir./Sch.Bip.). This approach offers a promising natural alternative to conventional chemotherapeutics. Four methods are presented for the first time in this study: microwave-assisted extraction (MAE), high-voltage electric discharge (HVED) extraction, subcritical water extraction (SWE), and deep eutectic solvent (DES) extraction, together with supercritical CO\({}_{2}\) extraction (SC-CO\({}_{2}\)) and ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE), for pyrethrin extraction from Dalmatian pyrethrum. The study revealed that supercritical CO\({}_{2}\) extraction was the most effective method for extracting all six pyrethrins, yielding the highest total amount of 124.37 ng/mg. This approach offers a \"natural\" insecticide produced with a clean, environmentally friendly technology that can contribute to the development of sustainable and effective insecticide strategies that are in line with environmental safety and organic production standards. In addition, this research highlights the potential application of pyrethrins as antiparasitic agents, emphasizing their role in environmentally friendly and ecological practices. T a  
synthetic chemicals for pest control. Given the ecological risks associated with pyrethroids, the development of natural insecticides is crucial for sustainable agriculture [4]. Natural pyrethrins, extracted from Dalmatian pyrethrum (_Tanacetum cinerarifolium_), are favored in organic farming due to their low toxicity to vertebrates, biodegradable nature, short half-life, and environmental persistence [5; 6]. Unlike their synthetic counterparts, natural pyrethrins are biosynthesized in the plant's flowers. The Dalmatian pyrethrum plant (_Tanacetum cinerarifolium_/Trevir./Sch.Bip.) is distributed from Italy to the coastal mountains of the eastern Adriatic and its islands (Croatia, Albania, and Montenegro). The highest pyrethrin concentration (>93%) was found in the floral head, while lower amounts were present in the disc flower, ray flower, and receptacles [7; 8]. Natural pyrethrin consists of a combination of six monoterene esters, which are divided into two groups. The first group, called type I, includes pyrethrin I, cinerin I, and jasmolin I, which are closely related to the esters of chrysanthemic acid, while the second group, type II, consists of pyrethrin II, cinerin II, jasmolin II, which are related to the esters of pyrethric acid (Figure 1) [5; 9; 10]. The amount extracted depends on both the extraction method chosen and the conditions (type of solvent, temperature, etc.). [PERSON] et al. [11] and [PERSON] [12] found that the pyrethrin content in native populations can vary between 0.9 and 1.3% of the weight of the dried flowers. [PERSON] et al. [8] found that in commercial varieties from Tasmania, levels ranged from 1.8 to 2.5%. Different methods of pyrethrum extraction from the dried flowers of the pyrethrum plant (_T. cinerarifolium_) were investigated. The most commonly used methods for pyrethrin determination include high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), matrix solid phase extraction (MSPD) [13; 14], and reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC), while for separation, ultrasound extraction [15], ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) [15; 16], and Soxhlet [15; 17; 18; 19] extraction have been applied. Recently, some non-conventional methods, such as supercritical CO\({}_{2}\) extraction (SC-CO\({}_{2}\)) [17; 18; 20; 21] and matrix solid phase extraction (MSPD) [14; 16], have been tested and compared for pyrethrin separation. In addition, different organic solvents have been used for pyrethrin extraction, including hexane [8; 13; 18; 20; 21], acetonitrile [19], and petroleum ether [9]. In order to find the most suitable method, some authors have compared the effectiveness of different methods and solvents. [PERSON] et al.