## 3 Smart Video Surveillance in UTOPIA  
Since 2000, we have developed a smart city model called UTOPIA that has a three-tier architecture to support smart city services. Citizens can enjoy a variety of converged smart city services in UTOPIA. As introduced in the introduction section, UTOPIA consists of three tiers: the UTOPIA infrastructure tier, the UTOPIA middleware platform tier, and the UTOPIA portal tier. In UTOPIA, various IoT technologies are implemented to change each city component into a smart element and all smart elements are connected using various communication technologies to make a super-connectedcity, and further, various ICT technologies are applied to operate the super-connected city and give converged smart services to citizens. We call the body of the UTOPIA \"the UTOPIA Infrastructure Tier\". The UTOPIA infrastructure tier supports various kinds of IoT devices, video cameras, sensor networks, GPS, etc. UTOPIA collects various types of data through integrated networks from the UTOPIA infrastructure tier. The UTOPIA middleware platform tier acts as the brain in UTOPIA smart cities. It manages the data received from the UTOPIA infrastructure tier. Various integrated smart city services should be provided online in UTOPIA smart cities and many decisions for the smart city should be made in timely manners. Thus, we the developed SOUL middleware platform system. SOUL has a multilayered architecture so that it can have many advantages: component reusability, decreasing complexity, expandability, etc. SOUL has the Common Device Interface (CDI) that supports video cameras, sensor networks, converged networks, GPS, etc. The CDI supports variable kinds of protocols and provides a gateway function for SOUL. The CDI collects data through scalable video streaming, and sends the collected data to the smart city video analyzer [3; 4; 26]. SOUL processes the acquired data to smart services with ontology-based context data management by the Intelligent Processing Layer (IPL) that has an inference engine [3; 27]. The inference engine enables automatic service discovery, service deployment, and service execution, based on the inferred results [3; 27]. The Smart Processing Layer (SPL) supports Cloud computing and grid computing and does various convergence processing to create smart services for various applications [3; 28]. The Application Interface Layer (API) supports the UTOPIA portal with an easy-to-use and convenient user interface [3]. It supports various types of smart city applications and user devices [3]. Using the functions of this layer, the user can control remote IoT devices such as IoT fire door and other emergency remote IoT devices in the real-time mode. At the UTOPIA portal tier, smart city end-users use smart city services interactively and smart city administrators and smart city operators can operate the smart city. Users at the portal tier can use all kinds of user devices including mobile devices such as smartphones, tablet computers, etc. UTOPIA supports ubiquitous computing so that users at the portal tier can use the smart city services anytime, anywhere, and with any device. Authorized users at the smart city portal can control remote devices: remote networked video cameras, emergency devices, fire doors, etc. [3; 26; 29; 30; 31; 32; 33; 34; 35; 36; 37]. The content in this paper utilized the result of our previous accumulated works. For a detailed explanation of content not essential to the main content of this paper, we refer you to the reference given in this paper [3; 4; 26; 27; 28; 29; 30; 40]. USVS in Figure 1 works as follows. The video cameras in the UTOPIA infrastructure tier make videos for smart cities. The video is streamed according to the available network bandwidth of the computer network connected to the video camera. USVS saves network resources by using the network adaptive scalable video streaming [38; 39; 40]. The streaming service is provided by the Scalable Video Streaming (SVS) in the UTOPIA middleware platform tier.