## 5 Conclusions  
This work explores temperature changes in biological tissues during MWA. Firstly, clinical MWA of biological muscle tissue was completed. Secondly, biological tissue and ablation antenna models were established according to experimental conditions and related research. The physical field under MWA was constructed based on TM and the Pennes model. Then, combining biomaterial parameters and existing related research, model boundary conditions and initial values were adjusted, so that the model can better match the actual clinical materials and experimental conditions. Finally, the fat model and bone model were expanded. The temperature distribution and thermal damage of three models were analyzed separately to explore the heat transfer of biological tissues in MWA.  
Because data from clinical MWA were used as a verification, the proposed model can truly reflect the actual MWA scene. Parameter discussion and model changes can provide a theoretical basis for thermal law exploration of other biological tissues. Therefore, the numerical study can visualize temperature transmission in MWA. It predicts possible biological thermal damage, which provides a new theoretical basis for clinically thermal ablation surgery.  
The following are available at [[https://www.mdpi.com/article/10.339](https://www.mdpi.com/article/10.339)]([https://www.mdpi.com/article/10.339](https://www.mdpi.com/article/10.339)) 0/app11178271/s1, Figure S1. Temperature and damage fraction cloud map using varying thermal conductivity, Figure S2. Temperature distribution at the horizontal thermometric sequence of the highest temperature point near ablation antenna. (a) Thermal conductivity changes with temperature; (b) Constant thermal conductivity, Figure S3. Damage fraction at z = 18 mm during 0-60 s. (a) Thermal conductivity changes with temperature; (b) Constant thermal conductivity.  
**Author Contributions:** Conceptualization, C.C. and M.-A.Y.; methodology, C.C.; validation, L.Q. and H.-Y.C.; investigation, Z.-L.Z.; resources, J.W. and L.-L.P.; writing--original draft preparation, C.C.; writing--review and editing, R.-X.X.; visualization, C.C.; supervision, M.-A.Y.; project administration, R.-X.X.; funding acquisition, Z.-L.W. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.  
**Funding:** This research was funded by National Natural Science Foundation of China (62176268), Non-profit Central Research Institute Fund of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2020-JKCS-008), Beijing Nova Program (Z201100006820065), Beijing Municipal Science & Technology Commission (Z181100001718135), Beijing University of Chemical Technology-China-Japan Friendship Hospital Biomedical Transformation Joint Fund Project (PYBZ1804), Capital health research and development project (2018-1-1112), Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (FRF-DF-20-05) and the Beijing Top Discipline for Artificial Intelligent Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing.  
**Institutional Review Board Statement:** Not applicable.  
**Informed Consent Statement:** Not applicable.  
**Data Availability Statement:** The datasets generated during this study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.  
**Conflicts of Interest:** The authors declare no conflict of interest.