## 2 Review Available Literature
### AA5083-Based MMCs
First, a conventional cylindrical tool was utilized for FSP, and various processing parameters, including rotational and tool traverse rates, were studied to provide a defect-free nugget zone and uniform particle dispersion. To examine the impact of tool geometry, a different tool was employed with specific pin and shoulder characteristics. A traverse speed of 0.4 mm/s and a tool-rotation speed of 1200 rpm was found to be efficient for creating a stir zone free of defects. The dispersion of Ni particles was uniform for all parameters examined with the basic cylindrical tool, regardless of whether the stir zone was defective or not. It was found that the tool with spiral grooves on the shoulder and threads on the pin worked particularly well for both creating a sound stir zone and dispersing Ni particles. Ball-milled small particles were discovered to be more equally dispersed in the stir zone than coarse particles received as-is. Similar to this, FSP was used to reduce the aluminium base material's grain size from 25 microns to 3 microns. Equiaxed small grains with a high proportion of high-angle grain boundaries and a narrow range of grain sizes made up the microstructure. The impact of particle addition on the mechanical properties of the alloy was also investigated. The composite's strength significantly increased as compared to the base material, and it also acquired a high level of ductility. [PERSON] et al. [44] fabricated AA5083 surface composites reinforced with CNTs and cerium oxide nanoparticles via FSP. To fabricate a surface-reinforced composite, MWCNT and nanosized cerium-oxide particles were combined with the AA5083 base material by FSP. Both separately and in combination, the effects of different nanosized reinforcements on the microstructure, corrosion resistance, and mechanical characteristics of FSPed surface composites were examined. With travel rates of 35 mm/min and 45 mm/min, rotation speeds of 600 rpm and 800 rpm, and a tilt angle of 5\({}^{\circ}\), a threaded cylindrical hardened steel technique was used. FSPed samples were put to the test and compared to the parent material in terms of mechanical properties and corrosion resistance. The highest tensile strength and hardness were attained by the hybrid composite of cerium oxide and carbon nanotubes, which had a volume ratio of 75:25. Cerium oxide alone significantly improved the base material's resistance to pitting. Potential dynamic polarization tests were used to analyse the samples' corrosion behaviour in terms of passivation range and pitting potential. Microstructural investigation using optical and electron microscopes demonstrated that reinforcements were evenly distributed across the stir zone and that substantial grain refinement occurred. The mechanical properties of produced composites incorporating cerium oxides or CNTs were enhanced. The hybrid composite with 75 percent carbon nanotubes and 25 percent cerium oxide exhibited the best properties. The hardness was 118 percent greater and the UTS was 42 percent higher than the parent aluminium alloy. Grain refinement improved reinforcement distribution, and microstructural modification is achievable in SZ. [PERSON] et al. [45] investigated the effect of ball milling and particle size on the surface composite FSPed AA5083-Ni. To make a metal-particle-reinforced composite, FSP was employed to integrate Ni particles into AA5083 material. To achieve a flawless nugget zone and uniform particle distribution, a range of rotation rates tools from 1000 revolutions per minute to 1800 revolutions per minute and a range of traverse rates from 6 mm per minute to 24 mm per minute were investigated. Results showed that finer particles of 10 \(\upmu\)m for the ball-milled sample were dispersed more consistently in the composite than in the base material during the modification of process parameters for uniform particle distribution. Before being included in the AA5083, the particles were ball-milled. A thin intermetallic layer was created by the more finely dispersed ball-milled particles.