## 3 Results and Analysis
### Test Programme Results
#### 3.1.2 Recommendations  
Therefore, considering the final (#days = 120) CS performance, the samples can be ranked as follows (\(\succ\): is more preferable than):  
\(\{\)SR-BIPA = 5%, W/B ratio = 0.4, T = 75 \({}^{\circ}\)C] (CS = 69.6 MPa) (#1) \(\succ\)  
\(\{\)SR-BIPA = 0%, W/B ratio = 0.4, T = 75 \({}^{\circ}\)C] (CS = 69.2 MPa) (#2) \(\succ\)  
\(\{\)SR-BIPA = 5%, W/B ratio = 0.4, T = 50 \({}^{\circ}\)C] (CS = 69.0 MPa) (#3) \(\succ\)  
\(\{\)SR-BIPA = 0%, W/B ratio = 0.4, T = 50 \({}^{\circ}\)C] (CS = 68.8 MPa) (#4) \(\succ\)  
\(\{\)SR-BIPA = 5%, W/B ratio = 0.5, T = 75 \({}^{\circ}\)C] (CS = 68.5 MPa) (#5) \(\succ\)  
This ranking reveals some facts:  
1. Two samples with no BJPA (SR-BIPA = 0%) should be omitted. Failing to use BJPA does not bring advantages to the CCE industry (i.e., GHG are not reduced, and costs are not lowered) or BJPA generators, who have nowhere to dispose of the ash.
2. The combination of using BJPA as a cement replacement at 5%, raising the curing temperature, and keeping a W/B ratio of 0.4 is recommended. Our results suggest this is the 'best practice'. The only question remaining so far relates to whether T = 75 \({}^{\circ}\)C or T = 50 \({}^{\circ}\)C should be applied as the curing temperature.  
Following from the above, if we take into account environmental protection and sustainable development (see Section 1), using a curing temperature of T = 75 \({}^{\circ}\)C (instead of T = 50 \({}^{\circ}\)C) in exchange for a gain in CS of no more than 1% (i.e., 69.0 MPa to 69.6 MPa) does not appear as an adequate measure, considering the extra energy required. Consider that 25 KCaI (kilocalories) = 104.6 KJ (K Joules) energy is required to heat 1 L of curing water by +25 \({}^{\circ}\)C and costs 0.029 kWh of electricity (assuming no power conversion lost). How much will it cost if the curing water is hundreds of litres? Furthermore, how much more will the energy cost if it is necessary to maintain the temperature of a tank (or sink) of curing water at T = 75 \({}^{\circ}\)C throughout 120 days of the curing process, compared to maintaining a tank at T = 50 \({}^{\circ}\)C? In many countries, the extra energy required implies additional carbon emissions.  
The above discussions consider the final 120-day samples. Because of space reasons, the findings about the performance of samples at early stages (e.g., 7 days) and how the curing temperature may accelerate the pozzolanic reaction at these earlier stages are omitted. Also note that if we further test the averages of the three source data entries of the top three samples in the above list in Tables A1-A5 by using the unpaired \(t\)-test (i.e., the Welch two-sample t-test in R), the \(p\) values of these extra tests can support the above recommendation of favouring the sample cured at T = 50 \({}^{\circ}\)C to avoid extra energy consumptions (and thus extra carbon emissions):  
(#1) (Average CS = 69.6) vs. (#2) (Average CS = 69.2): \(t\) = 2.0889, \(df\) = 3.7231 \(p\) = 0.1101 (#2) (Average CS = 69.2) vs. (#3) (Average CS = 69.0): \(t\) = (\(-\)0.86603), \(df\) = 3.9385, \(p\) = 0.436 (#3) (Average CS = 69.6) vs. (#3) (Average CS = 69.0): \(t\) = 2.8823, \(df\) = 3.4845, \(p\) = 0.05298 These results connote that the difference in means for each pair of samples' data is not statistically significant at the level of \(\alpha\) = 0.05, or more strictly speaking, there is no evidence to reject that they are inequal (i.e., their true difference in means is not equal to 0). However, the difference between samples (#1) and (#4) (Average CS = 68.8) starts to be evident, with \(t\) = 3.8431, \(df\) = 3.4845, and \(p\) = 0.02735. These observations can not only ascertain the selection of (#1), (#2), and (#3) for final recommendation but also make sure the consequence that the portfolios of sample (#1) or (#3) can be adopted and (#3) is preferred if the energy consumption for curing is considered, subject to the condition that the extra BJPA waste, which is free from further carbon emissions, is to be consumed (and added).