## 1 Introduction  
Within the past 20 years, microelectromechanical system (MEMS) and nanoelectromechanical system (NEMS) technologies have been used to fabricate small biochips for studying various phenomena in the biological sciences [1; 2; 3; 4]. The commonly used conventional biochip materials are transparent glasses and polymers, which enable clear observation of reactions in embedded fluidics under a microscope. However, in the case of the fluid boundary, biochips fabricated using conventional materials do not provide sufficiently clear images because of refractive index mismatch between the biochip material and the medium in the fluidic system.  
Asahi Glass Co. has developed a commercially available fluoropolymer, CYTOP, with unique properties, including a high degree of transparency toward radiation with wavelengths in the ultraviolet to infrared regions and a low refractive index almost equal to that of water. In addition, CYTOP exhibits other properties common to fluoropolymers, such as good heat and chemical resistances and good electrical insulating behavior [5]. Therefore, CYTOP is considered an attractive prospective biochip material. In previous research, we established laser microfabrication techniques for CYTOP and clearly observed aquatic microorganisms near the fluid boundaries in fabricated CYTOP biochips [6; 7; 8]. To extend the applications of this polymer, we here attempt to generate CYTOP nanoparticles (NPs) using femtosecond (fs) laser processing and to use the deposited NPs in a biochip application.  
NPs are particulate substances that have one dimension less than 100 nm at least. They have received much attention in a variety of research fields due to their unique properties and potential applications. To date, many methods have been developed for NP synthesis, which are usually based on sol-gel colloidal chemistry, plasma precursor decomposition, electrochemical etching, etc. Among these is the synthesis of NPs by laser ablation, which involves the generation of NPs by laser ablating a solid target. The method is attractive due to the simplicity in equipment configuration and low operation cost compared to the other methods. In particularly, many investigations have been devoted to NP formation through fs laser ablation since the rapid heating and cooling of ablated species caused by the ultrashort pulse duration has the potential to open a new avenue in NP synthesis. For example, [PERSON] et al. [9] have demonstrated the formation of web-like structures composed of Si NP aggregates by the fs laser ablation. [PERSON] et al. [10] fabricated the silica NPs on nanofibre during the silica glass ablation. Nano diamonds with an average particle size of 3.0 nm were generated by the fs laser ablation of diamond in deionized water [11].  
However, one of the major shortcomings of conventional laser processing, including NP synthesis with fs lasers, is low fabrication efficiency. To overcome this problem, holographic laser processing using a spatial light modulator (SLM) has been actively researched to substantially improve the fabrication efficiency by shaping the laser beam into a desired pattern [12; 13; 14; 15; 16; 17; 18; 19; 20; 21; 22]. In particular, several papers on holographic fs laser processing have been reported, including papers on surface microfabrication using beam patterns with a desired shape [15; 16; 17] and massively parallel beam fabrication [18; 19; 20]. Therefore, in the present study, we used holographic fs laser processing to efficiently deposit CYTOP NPs onto glass slides and investigated the fundamental characteristics of the deposited NPs. Following the investigation, we used the holographic laser processing to partially pattern the CYTOP NPs on the glass surface and then used the patterned NPs to selectively culture HeLa cells.