# Antioxidant and Antibacterial Activity of Extracts from Selected Plant Material
## 3 Results and Discussion
### Antibacterial Activity
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c c c c} \hline \hline \multicolumn{1}{c}{**Bacterial Strain**} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{\multirow{2}{*}{_C. incams_}} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{\multirow{2}{*}{_M. alpha_}} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{\multirow{2}{*}{_G. verbmann_}} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{\multirow{2}{*}{_A. errormean_}} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{\multirow{2}{*}{_R. ideas_}} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{\multirow{2}{*}{_A. archangelica_}} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{\multirow{2}{*}{_B. pendula_}} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{\multirow{2}{*}{_M. offcallis_}} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{\multirow{2}{*}{_Nitrofurantonia_ 2}} \\ \cline{2-2} \cline{5-9} \multicolumn{1}{c}{} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{_C. incams_} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{_M. alpha_} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{_G. verbmann_} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{_A. errormean_} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{_R. ideas_} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{_A. archangelica_} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{_B. pendula_} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{_M. offcallis_} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{_Nitrofurantonia_ 2} \\ \hline \multicolumn{10}{c}{Gram-positive bacteria} \\ \multicolumn{10}{c}{_S. aureus ATCC_ 25923} & 0.125 & 1 & 0.125 & 2 & 0.125 & \textgreater{}2 & 0.25 & 0.25 & 0.025 \\ \multicolumn{10}{c}{_S. epidermidis ATCC_ 12228} & 0.125 & \textgreater{}2 & 0.125 & 1 & 0.125 & \textgreater{}2 & 2 & 0.25 & 0.0125 \\ \multicolumn{10}{c}{_E. faecalis_ ATCC 29219} & 0.125 & 0.5 & 0.0262 & 2 & 0.25 & \textgreater{}2 & 2 & \textgreater{}2 & 0.0125 \\ \multicolumn{10}{c}{_E. cerevisiae_ ATCC 6057} & 0.5 & \textgreater{}2 & 0.25 & 2 & \textgreater{}2 & \textgreater{}2 & 2 & \textgreater{}2 & 0.01 \\ \multicolumn{10}{c}{_B. subtilis ATCC_ 6633} & -1 & - & - & 2 & - & \textgreater{}2 & - & 0.5 & 0.0125 \\ \multicolumn{10}{c}{_G. stereharmphilis_ ATCC_ 7953} & - & - & - & 2 & - & \textgreater{}2 & - & - & 0.0125 \\ \multicolumn{10}{c}{_G._ Gram-negative bacteria} \\ \multicolumn{10}{c}{_E. coli_ ATCC 25922} & \textgreater{}1 & \textgreater{}2 & \textgreater{}2 & \textgreater{}2 & \textgreater{}2 & \textgreater{}2 & \textgreater{}2 & 0.0625 & 0.00625 \\ \multicolumn{10}{c}{_K. pneumoniae_ ATCC 13883} & \textgreater{}1 & \textgreater{}2 & \textgreater{}2 & 1 & \textgreater{}2 & \textgreater{}2 & \textgreater{}2 & 0.5 & 0.025 \\ \multicolumn{10}{c}{_A. hummun_ ATCC 175060} & \textgreater{}1 & \textgreater{}2 & 0.125 & 2 & 2 & \textgreater{}2 & \textgreater{}2 & \textgreater{}2 & nd \\ \multicolumn{10}{c}{_P. aeruginosa ATCC_ 2783} & \textgreater{}1 & \textgreater{}2 & \textgreater{}2 & \textgreater{}2 & \textgreater{}2 & \textgreater{}2 & \textgreater{}2 & \textgreater{}2 & \textgreater{}0.4 \\ \multicolumn{10}{c}{_S. nullophila_ ATCC 12714} & 1 & \textgreater{}2 & 0.25 & 2 & \textgreater{}2 & \textgreater{}2 & \textgreater{}2 & 1 & \textgreater{}20.4 \\ \multicolumn{10}{c}{_B. bronchospitaria_ ATCC 4617} & \textgreater{}1 & \textgreater{}2 & 0.125 & 1 & 2 & \textgreater{}2 & \textgreater{}2 & 0.5 & \textgreater{}0.4 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}  
* not detected.1 References correspond, the MIC of Nitrofurantonia was determined according to the CISI recommendations.  
\end{table} 
Table 6: Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the plant extracts against selected bacterial strains. Considering the MIC values achieved for _A. europaeum_ herb and _B. pendula_ leaf extracts, it was observed that among Gram-positive bacteria, _S. epidermidis_ ATCC 12228 was the most sensitive to _A. europaeum_ herb extract (MIC, 1 mg/mL) and _S. aureus_ ATCC 25923 (MIC, 0.25 mg/mL) to _B. pendula_ leaf extract. In contrast, among Gram-negative bacteria, a more pronounced antimicrobial effect was observed for the _A. europaeum_ herb extract than for the _B. pendula_ leaf extract. The _A. europaeum_ herb extract was more effective than _B. pendula_ leaf extract, especially against _K. pneumoniae_ ATCC 13883 and _B. bronchiseptica_ ATCC 4617, with an MIC value of 1 mg/mL. Strong antibacterial activity was also observed for water, methanolic and ethanolic extracts of _A. europaeum_ grown in Turkey, especially against _S. aureus_[69]. In contrast, _S. epidermidis_ was more sensitive to the methanolic extract of _A.