## 3 State of the Art  
### Literature Review  
The current breakdown of BIM articles by year is shown in the graph below (Figure 2). Figure 1: MBSE implementation for BIM. BIM is a powerful tool that can be used with MBSE, System Engineering (SE), System Information modelling (SIM) within Digital Transformation of facilities. Distribution of related articles is presented on Figure 3.  
A large number of articles are devoted to DT. However, the following aspects should be noted:  
1. The place of BIM technology is not clearly marked. 2. A unified methodology for transformation has not been defined. The greatest success in digital transformation has been achieved in the aerospace industry. BIM does not occupy the place that we believe it should occupy in the process of digital transformation. Instead, the methodology of system engineering and MBSE is used to a limited extent, while system engineering has become very widespread in related industries. Figure 3: Distribution of articles by keywords containing “BIM” and integration with selected methodologies. Figure 2: Publication activity for BIM. The state of the art in implementing Building Information Modeling (BIM) and Model-Based System Engineering (MBSE) in the management of industrial facilities represents a cutting-edge approach that is revolutionizing the way such facilities are planned, constructed, and operated. * Digital Twins: BIM has evolved to include the concept of \"digital twins\". This involves creating a real-time digital replica of the industrial facility, allowing for the monitoring of its performance, condition, and operational data. Digital twins are instrumental in predictive maintenance and optimizing efficiency. * Lifecycle Management: BIM and MBSE are increasingly being applied across the entire lifecycle of industrial facilities. From the early design and construction phases to ongoing facility management and even eventual decommissioning, these technologies provide a unified platform for managing data and information. * Interoperability: The industry is making significant strides in improving interoperability among various BIM and MBSE software platforms. This ensures that data can seamlessly exchange between different stages and stakeholders, improving collaboration and data accuracy. * IoT Integration: Integration with the Internet of Things (IoT) is becoming commonplace. IoT sensors are embedded in industrial facilities to gather real-time data on equipment performance, environmental conditions, and energy consumption, which are then incorporated into the BIM and MBSE models. * AI and Machine Learning: Artificial intelligence and machine learning algorithms are employed to analyze the vast amounts of data generated via BIM and MBSE. This data-driven approach allows for predictive analytics, helping to optimize facility operations and maintenance. * Regulatory Compliance: BIM and MBSE are increasingly being used to ensure compliance with safety and regulatory standards. This is crucial in industries with strict safety and environmental requirements, such as chemical processing, energy, and manufacturing. * Sustainability and Energy Efficiency: BIM and MBSE are instrumental in designing and managing sustainable energy-efficient facilities. They enable detailed analyses of energy consumption and environmental impact, leading to more eco-friendly and cost-effective designs. * Remote Monitoring and Control: The integration of BIM and MBSE allows for the remote monitoring and control of industrial facilities. This is particularly relevant in situations where facilities are geographically dispersed or where access is limited. * Data Security and Privacy: As the reliance on digital technologies increases, ensuring the security and privacy of sensitive facility data becomes a paramount concern. State-of-the-art solutions incorporate robust data security measures to safeguard critical information. * Education and Training: As these technologies become more prevalent, there is a growing emphasis on educating professionals in their use.