## 4 Results
### Parameter Estimation Results
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c} \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**Variable**} & \multicolumn{4}{c}{**Urban Roadway**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**Distribution of**} \\ \cline{2-2} \cline{4-6}  & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**FPL**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**RPLMV**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**Random**} \\ \cline{2-2} \cline{4-6}  & **Coefficient** & **t-Stat** & **Coefficient** & **t-Stat** & **Parameter** \\ \hline Constant & \(-3.173\)** & \(-15.01\) & \(-2.294\)** & \(-15.09\) & \\ \hline GENDER & \(0.592\)** & \(7.76\) & \(0.457\)** & \(8.07\) & \\ \hline FOREIGN & \(0.175\) & \(0.98\) & \(0.147\) & \(1.11\) & \\ \hline AT\_FAULT & \(-0.457\)** & \(-6.76\) & \(-0.361\)** & \(-7.21\) & \\ \hline LOCAL\_ADDRESS & \(-0.263\)** & \(-4.12\) & \(-0.191\)** & \(-4.04\) & \\ \hline DRUNK & \(-0.577\)** & \(-5.81\) & \(-0.413\)** & \(-5.70\) & \\ \hline UNLICENSE & \(1.069\)** & \(5.81\) & \(0.788\)** & \(5.87\) & \\ \hline EXCES\_SPEED\_LIMIT & \(1.307\)** & \(21.91\) & \(0.985\)** & \(22.37\) & \\ \hline MOBILE\_USE & \(-1.300\)* & \(-1.80\) & \(-0.935\)* & \(-1.77\) & \\ \hline ASLEEP & \(-0.330\) & \(-0.61\) & \(-0.294\) & \(-0.77\) & \\ \hline CUTTING\_FRONT & \(-0.475\)** & \(-4.60\) & \(-0.381\)** & \(-4.98\) & \\ \hline ROUGH & \(-0.366\)* & \(-1.88\) & \(-0.278\)* & \(-1.91\) & \\ \hline SMOKE\_DUST\_FOOTNOTE:*]Footnote *: footnotemark: [ENDFOOTNOTE] & \(-0.430\)** & \(-2.45\) & \(-0.324\)** & \(-2.56\) & \\ \hline WET & \(0.003\) & \(0.01\) & \(0.035\) & \(0.18\) & \\ \hline AFTERNOON & \(-0.384\)** & \(-4.81\) & \(-0.290\)** & \(-4.92\) & \\ \hline DARK & \(0.389\)** & \(5.41\) & \(0.277\)** & \(5.19\) & \\ \hline CURVE & \(0.077\) & \(0.99\) & \(-0.255\)** & \(-3.00\) & \\ \hline S.D. of CURVE & & & \(1.236\)** & \(13.90\) & \(58.2\%\) Below Zero \\ \hline RAINING & \(-0.264\) & \(-0.90\) & \(-3.004\)** & \(-4.72\) & \\ \hline S.D. of RAINING & & & \(4.189\)** & \(7.01\) & \(76.3\%\) Below Zero \\ \hline MORNING & \(-0.349\)** & \(-3.65\) & \(-0.812\)** & \(-6.77\) & \\ \hline S.D. of MORNING & & & \(1.553\)** & \(13.35\) & \(70.0\%\) Below Zero \\ \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 6: Model result of rural roadways. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c} \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**Variable**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Urban Roadway**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**Distribution of**} \\ \cline{2-2} \cline{4-5}  & **FPL** & **RPLMV** & **Random** \\ \hline
**Coefficient** & **t-Stat** & **Coefficient** & **t-Stat** \\ \hline \multicolumn{5}{c}{Model comparison via Likelihood Ratio Test} \\ \hline Degree of Freedom & \(7\) & \\ \hline \(\chi^{2}=-2(\operatorname{LL}(\beta)_{\text{model A}}-\operatorname{LL}(\beta)_ {\text{model B}})\) & \(17.778\) & \\ \hline Confidence level & \(98.7\%\) & \\ \hline Superior model & RPLMV & \\ \hline \multicolumn{5}{c}{Note: FPL denotes the fixed parameter logit model, RPLMV denotes the random parameter logit model with unobserved heterogeneity in means and variances. \(\operatorname{LL}(0)\) denote Log-likelihood at convergence model, \(\operatorname{LL}(\beta)\) log-likelihood of the model with parameter estimation. **\(p\)-value \(<0.05\), * \(p\)-value \(<0.1\).} \\ \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 5: _Cont._