## 1 Introduction
### Islands Pioneers in RES Integration  
In the context of European legislation and the shift to green energy technologies [8], the extensive literature has been established regarding the application of ecologically friendly technologies to island power systems. [PERSON] and [PERSON] [9] conducted a thorough analysis of recent advancements in the field of renewable energy in the Pacific islands. According to the authors, the present contribution of renewable energies such as solar and wind power to their overall energy balance is between 20 and 40 percent. [PERSON] et al. [10] composed an overview of the 100% usage of renewable energy on islands. A total of 97 papers were analyzed on islands, with a focus on various regions like the Atlantic Ocean, Mediterranean islands, North and Baltic Sea, Caribbean Sea, Pacific Ocean, and Indian Ocean. The majority of papers in their study aimed to assessrenewable energy systems, with a distinction between studies focusing on achieving 100% renewable energy supply and those analyzing different renewable energy systems on islands. According to the authors, Solar PV and wind technologies are the primary technologies for achieving 100% renewable energy systems on islands. On the other hand, there is a need to seriously consider area limitations on islands for all renewable energy sources based on full energy system studies and area demand. The International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA) [11] has reported on international uses of RES in island settings. The paper included a number of case studies dealing with the use of renewable energy sources for the production of electricity on a variety of islands located all over the globe. There have been reports of the use of RES on European islands [12]. The possibility of islands fulfilling all their energy needs with renewable energy sources was discussed in the study, with specific reference to the island of Samso. It focuses on organizational and technological challenges as well as on local considerations affecting the availability and usage of RES. It offers a variety of case studies about the exploitation of RES in EU islands. [PERSON] et al. [13] conducted research on the topic of converting an island's energy systems to be 100% reliant on RES by the year 2030. The authors investigated how three different islands in Europe--Samso, Orkney, and Madeira--made the transition to the total use of renewable energy sources in order to achieve energy independence. Regarding the transition of the island to 100% renewable energy sources, they said that there are a number of different energy systems and solutions that may be implemented based on the local circumstances, development stages, and local availability of different RES. In addition, the author performed research [14] on the process of converting the energy grid on Madeira Island to one that is powered entirely by renewable resources. The authors used the EnergyPLAN modeling program in order to investigate and compare two distinct energy strategies. They noted that due to the absence of international trade, the island must implement a sophisticated energy system and make use of innovative technology in order to increase its level of energy self-sufficiency. [PERSON] and colleagues [15] conducted research on the development of renewable energy sources on the Greek islands. According to the authors, Greece is made up of 124 inhabited islands, any number of which might serve as a prototype for the use of RES in the country's efforts to advance its economy. They also said that the implementation of RES on these islands might provide local inhabitants an extra source of income while offering the chance for the development of novel RES systems that include power storage. A group of islands in the Nordic region has been formed, and one of its goals is to achieve carbon neutrality [16]. More than sixty (60) different technologies that are based on RES have been identified as having the potential to be implemented on these islands in order to reduce their carbon footprint or bring it down to zero.