esa-sceva/satcom-chunk-collection huggingface dataset:
# Research on the Influence of Anxiety Psychology on Unsafe Behavior Among Construction Workers
## 3 Methodology  
### Research Framework and Theoretical Foundations  
The research methodology of this study is shown in Figure 2. To investigate the relationship between anxiety psychology and unsafe behaviors among construction workers, this study adopted three primary methodologies: (a) literature analysis; (b) questionnaire surveys; (c) statistical analysis. Grounded in theoretical and empirical literature, the research framework involved three sequential phases: first, constructing a hypothesized model of unsafe behavior determinants; second, developing measurement scales for anxiety psychology and unsafe behaviors based on the standardized anxiety scale (SAS); and finally, conducting data analysis and model validation using SPSS 22.0 and AMOS 24.0.  
Figure 1: Theoretical model of anxiety and unsafe behavior of construction workers.  
The main theories used in this study include the following:  
Accident Causation Theory: Spanning from Heinrich's Domino Theory to modern behavior-based safety models, this theoretical framework emphasizes unsafe behaviors as the critical link in accident chains [47], providing a foundation for analyzing risk factors in construction workers' unsafe behaviors.  
Social Exchange Theory: This theory elucidates the reciprocal relationship between organizational climate and individual behaviors, explaining how organizational support influences workers' safety decisions through perceived fairness [48]. The organizational climate plays a pivotal role in this exchange process: organizations foster supportive environments, and employees reciprocate with heightened engagement and loyalty, thereby promoting safer and more productive behaviors. Aligning with this theory, organizational climate is identified as a key dimension influencing unsafe behaviors.  
Social Cognitive Theory: Emphasizing individual agency, this theory systematically reveals the behavioral generation process, positing that individuals adapt their actions based on personal perceptions and environmental contexts. [PERSON]'s triadic reciprocal determinism [49]--highlighting dynamic interactions among personal factors (P), behaviors (B), and environmental influences (E)--serves as the basis for examining the mediating effects of anxiety psychology between environmental stressors and unsafe behaviors.  
Two-Factor Theory of Motivation: By distinguishing hygiene factors (e.g., salary) from motivational factors (e.g., career development), this theory guides the formulation of intervention strategies to alleviate anxiety and reduce unsafe behaviors through job satisfaction optimization [50]. Drawing on [PERSON]'s framework, this study positions job satisfaction as a critical dimension for mitigating unsafe behaviors and regulating anxiety psychology.
## Problem Statement
### CDM-Transmitted Signal  
To each \(i\)-th satellite, we assign a spreading code of \(L\) chips  
\[\underline{c}_{i}^{\prime}=\{c_{i}^{\prime}(m)\in\{0,1\}\}_{m=1}^{L},\]  
which is mapped into a bipolar spreading sequence of \(L\) symbols  
\[\underline{c}_{i}=\{c_{i}(m)\in\{-1,1\}\}_{m=1}^{L}\]  
where \(c_{i}(m)=2c_{i}^{\prime}(m)-1\). In general, we assume that the sequence \(c_{i}(m)\) is periodic with period \(L\) longer than the spreading factor \(M\) (the number of chips per information bit). Moreover, we assume that \(c_{i}(m)=1\) with a probability of \(1/2\), i.e., we model the spreading codes as pseudo-random sequences.  
We focus on a base-band 2-PAM constellation with a rectangular waveform. The transmitted signal is equal to the following:  
\[s_{T}(t)=\sum_{i=0}^{N_{S}-1}\sum_{n=-\infty}^{\infty}\alpha_{i}b_{i}(n)P_{T_{ b}}\big{(}t-nT_{b}\big{)}\sum_{m=-\infty}^{\infty}c_{i}(m)P_{T_{c}}(t-mT_{c}) \tag{1}\]  
where we have the following:  
* \(N_{S}\) is the number of satellites currently served.
* \(\alpha_{i}\) is the signal level that determines the power transmitted to user \(i\), equal to \(P_{i}=\alpha_{i}^{2}\). Hereafter, we will assume \(\alpha_{i}=\alpha\), which is equal for all the users so that the average power of \(s_{T}(t)\) is \(P_{in}=N_{S}\alpha^{2}\).
* \(b_{i}(n)\) is the \(n\)-th bipolar (\(+1/-1\)) symbol carrying information.
* \(P_{T}(t)\) is the rectangular pulse with the unit amplitude for \(0\leq t<T\) and zero elsewhere.
* \(T_{b}\) is the bit/symbol time.
* \(c_{i}(m)\) is the \(m\)-th bipolar symbol corresponding to the binary spreading sequence chip \(c_{i}^{\prime}(m)\) assigned to user \(i\).  
Figure 1: A ground station serving multiple satellites.  
* \(T_{c}\) is the chip time, where \(T_{c}=T_{b}/M\), and \(M\) is the spreading factor.  
The corresponding block diagram is shown in Figure 2 and \(s_{T}(t)\) is the input of the frequency up-converter, which is followed by the high-power amplifier.
## 7 Simulation Results
### A Case Study in a Smart City  
We focus this research work on two realistic smart city scenarios. A mobile adhoc network (MANET) and a vehicular ad hoc network (VANET), where emergency prevention and response are key issues. In the two scenarios under consideration, we assume that in a given moment an accident happened. Most of the citizens nowadays carry mobile phones or tablets. In the MANET/VANET scenario, we assume that a smart citizen/driver witnesses the situation, makes a short video-warning message (the driver will just push a button that will make a small exterior car-mounted camera shoot the video) about the accident and sends it through the MANET/VANET to the nearest emergency unit (e.g., police, ambulances, hospitals). Authorities will respond upon receiving the video and will take proper actions. This way, with a video-warning message the emergency can be evaluated much better than with a simple text. It would be easier to ensure an accurate interpretation of the situation and the accident could be treated with the adequate level of seriousness. The smart citizen/driver sends a multimedia message which includes different information regarding the incident, e.g., the GPS location, a voice message and a short video of the incident. A suitable kind of smart-911 (112 in Europe) application in the citizen's mobile/vehicle sends the multimedia message to the smart-911 emergency center, who manages the proper actions for that incident. For instance, ambulances and paramedical will be sent there, traffic lights will turn to red around the accident, a green wave of traffic lights will help the ambulances get there sooner, the nearest hospital is warned, the doctors wait for the injuries, _etc._ A video of the incident facilitates a preliminary evaluation of the wounded people as well as helps to better determine the requirementsneeded to manage the dangerous situation. Our purpose in this work is to design a game-theoretical multipath routing protocol suitable to transmit those video-warning messages over MANETs/VANETs in this kind of smart city scenarios. In the next section, a detailed performance evaluation in the MANET scenario will be studied, whereas a first brief performance evaluation in a VANET scenario is done in Section 7.3.
# Plant Extracts for the Control of _Listeria monocytogenes_ in Meat Products
###### Abstract  
The antimicrobial activity of garlic (_Allium sativum_ L.) and onion (_Allium cepa_ L.) plant active extracts was determined against _Listeria monocytogenes_ in two meat products. Samples of sausages \"cacciatore\" and cooked ham in vacuum-packaged slices were artificially contaminated, and the presence of _Listeria_ was evaluated during the sausages ripening and throughout the shelf-life of the cooked ham. The test carried out on sausages did not show differences among treated and untreated samples. The antagonistic activity of the plant extracts against the pathogen was probably hidden by the competition from the sausages microbial flora and the pH and the water activity (aw) decrease. On the other hand, the plant extracts determined an initial reduction of about 1.00 log cfu/g of the _L. monocytogenes_ viable count in the cooked ham slices contaminated with 10\({}^{3}\) cfu/g, but the best result was obtained with the contamination of 10\({}^{2}\) cfu/g of _L. monocytogenes_. In addition to the pathogen's initial decrease, we observed an extension of the lag phase and a reduction of the _Listeria_ growth rate. Considering that the presence of _L. monocytogenes_ during the slicing phase of the cooked ham does not exceed 10 cfu/g, the use of plant extracts can lead to complete pathogen elimination.  
plant extracts; antimicrobial activity; sausages; cooked ham; _Listeria monocytogenes_
## 8 Discussion
### Gap 2: Best Practices  
In general, it was clear from the interviews that an increase in building cryptography knowledge in the organization is needed; this was highlighted by all interviewees. This indicates that, in order to pick up new security technology such as CLC, even in the first stages of innovation, the prerequisite is to hire people skilled in cryptography, or develop the competence in the organization. This underpins what previous studies have noted regarding the increasingly broad expertise required for decision makers of security controls [5; 6; 7]. Regardless, this would naturally lead to increased costs, not only in terms of competence development, but also in technology development; an investment which has shown to not always result in a more profitable product [12], thus potentially affecting the decision phase towards a rejection. However, seen from a knowledge phase perspective, the literature analysis indicates that the industry should be able to move towards a decision phase fairly easily if the knowledge barrier is mitigated, since the academic research is mature enough to be pushed towards CLC-TRL 5 and 6. If onsite proof-of-concepts can  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{l l} \hline
**Id** & **Key Takeaway** \\ \hline
1 & It is crucial to have individuals with competency in cryptography within the organization, to not only understand but also drive and push innovation, despite the complexities of these new technologies. \\
2 & The involvement and support of standardization bodies are indispensable for ensuring a wide acceptance and implementation of new security controls. \\
3 & A factor that slows down the willingness and ability to adopt new security controls such as CLC is the lack of key takeaways \\
4 & Organizations can become stuck with previously implemented and accepted security solutions, e.g., traditional PKI, hence do not tend to explore new options that are not officially accepted (in standardization documents). \\
5 & Improved proof-of-concepts of CLC-based solutions are needed, to speeding up adoption of such new security controls. \\ \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}
Table 5: Summary of the key takeaways from the interviews.  
be implemented, tested, and assessed, a previous rejection may be reversed at this point if the decision maker is exposed to conflicting messages about previous doubts. Although, this most likely requires collaboration with the industry so that relevant hardware can be provided. From the interview data, we conclude that recruitment and/or development of skilled employees in cryptography is necessary to close this gap. Moreover, the data also suggest that more involvement of decision makers and collaboration in the industry towards exploring non-standard solutions (such as traditional PKI) is needed.
## 1 Introduction
### Applications  
There are various practical applications of vehicle Re-Id systems; however, some major applications are discussed below.  
* **Suspicious vehicle search:** Mostly, automobiles play a key role in criminal activities, such as when a terrorist uses it to attack different public places and soon leaves that place in the vehicle. However, it is a challenge for security officers to search suspicious vehicles within the limited time to stop criminals causing further loss.
* **Cross camera vehicle tracking:** In vehicle races, some viewers want to watch only one targeted vehicle, and when the vehicle comes in the field of view of the camera network at different times and places, then the broadcaster only focuses on that vehicle., With this vehicle Re-Id system, it is also helpful to track the specific vehicle path.
* **Automatic toll collection:** Vehicle Re-Id systems can also be applied on toll gates to automatically identify vehicle type and apply the toll rate.
* **Road access restriction management:** Mostly, in metropolitan cities of the world, heavy vehicles are not allowed to enter in the city at daytime, or some vehicles are not allowed on different days to run on roads or restricted areas where only officials or authorized vehicles can run.
* **Intelligent parking:** There are many sensitive places where this system can be applied at the entrance to identify the authorized vehicle and then allow it to park.
* **Traffic flow analysis:** To analyze the congestion on different routes at different times, such as peak hour calculations or behavior of the specific type of vehicle.
* **Vehicle counting:** This system is helpful in counting a specific type of vehicle.
* **Speed restriction management system:** Calculating the average velocity of a vehicle when it is passing by two consecutive camera locations.  
The main contribution of our approach is to propose an appearance-based vehicle Re-Id model, in which we have applied a data augmentation technique on a dataset before training. Then we used the global channel to obtain a descriptor from the whole image, and also we used the local region channel to extract salient features from local cues with jointly incorporated attributes, such as color, type, model etc. Secondly, we propose a siamese neural network to verify the license plate in which two parallel convolutional neural networks (CNN) with the same structure and sharing the same weights in forward and backward computations are used.
## 2 Materials and Methods
### Accounting for Tides in Flux and MODIS Data  
#### 2.3.1 Creating a Tide-Free GPP Time Series from Flux Data  
The data preprocessing steps for the NEE collected at the flux tower included the following steps: generating tide free NEE data, calculating tide free GPP, gap-filling, and finally, smoothing GPP over five-day windows (Figure 2). The data flow produced NEE and respiration values (R\({}_{\text{e}}\)) measured during tidal periods and a separate dataset where tidal influences were below a determined threshold value based on the marsh inundation data. Both data sets allowed for the calculation of GPP using tidally separated NEE and nighttime R\({}_{\text{e}}\). We used the method developed by [PERSON] et al. (2016) to gap fill GPP data, where the gap filling was based on radiation and temperature inputs gathered on site.  
Half hour values of tide-free and gap-filled flux tower GPP (\(\upmu\)mol C m\({}^{-2}\) s\({}^{-1}\)) were summed using Equation (4) to provide daily GPP in units of \(\upmu\)mol C m\({}^{-2}\) per day. The coefficient of 0.0216 in Equation (4) converts units of \(\upmu\)mol CO\({}_{2}\) m\({}^{-2}\) s\({}^{-1}\) to g C m\({}^{-2}\) per each 30 min flux averaging interval ([PERSON] et al., 2016).  
\[GPP=0.0216\sum_{i=1}^{48}GPP_{30\text{min}} \tag{4}\]  
As a final step, we summed the daily values to create 8 day sums of GPP to match the temporal scale in the MOD17A2 GPP product, allowing a comparison of these two datasets. We assumed that all the carbon flux from the atmosphere into the marsh ecosystem was positive.
## 3 Kinematic Analysis of CDFM
### Kinematics between Joint and End  
#### 3.4.1 Forward Kinematics  
To obtain the position and attitude of the end of the CDFM, the kinematics model was established based on the D-H method using a transformation matrix. The coordinate system of the flange foundation \(O_{0}\) was named as the base frame \(\{O_{0}\}\) and the coordinate system of each joint was named as \(\{O_{1}\}\), \(\{O_{2}\}\), \(\{O_{3}\}\), \(\{O_{4}\}\), \(\{O_{5}\}\), and \(\{O_{6}\}\), as shown in Figure 8. The origin of the coordinate system was the centroid of the joint. When the joint angle of each joint was \(0^{\circ}\), the coordinate systems \(\{O_{1}\}\), \(\{O_{2}\}\), and \(\{O_{3}\}\) were completely in the same direction and the coordinate systems \(\{O_{4}\}\), \(\{O_{5}\}\), \(\{O_{6}\}\) were completely in the same direction.  
The kinematic equation between the joint variable and the end pose of the CDFM was derived from Equation (8) by multiplying the transformation matrix from the based coordinate system \(\{O_{0}\}\) to the end coordinate system \(\{O_{6}\}\).  
\[{}^{0}_{6}\mathbf{T}={}^{0}_{1}\mathbf{T}^{2}_{2}\mathbf{T}^{3}_{4}\mathbf{T}^{4}_{5}\mathbf{T}^{ 5}_{6}\mathbf{T}=\begin{bmatrix}n_{x6}&o_{x6}&a_{x6}&p_{x6}\\ n_{y6}&o_{y6}&a_{y6}&p_{y6}\\ n_{z6}&o_{z6}&a_{z6}&p_{z6}\\ 0&0&0&1\end{bmatrix} \tag{8}\]  
The D-H parameters of the CDFM are shown in Table 1.
## 4 Experimental Setup  
To test the SPR-TPOF sensors, we used the experimental setup shown in Figure 4. It is composed of a white light source illuminating the SPR-TPOF sensor and a spectrometer connected at the end of the sensor. The halogen lamp (HL-2000-LL, manufactured by Ocean Optics, Dunedin, FL, USA) exhibited a wavelength emission range from 360 to 1700 nm, while the spectrometer (FLAME-S-VIS-NIR-ES, manufactured by Ocean Optics, Dunedin, FL, USA) had a detection range of 350 to 1000 nm.  
Figure 3: Surface plasmon resonance (SPR)-TPOF sensors: (**a**) configuration with buffer layer and (**b**) configuration without buffer layer.  
To test the SPR sensor configurations, we used different water-glycerin solutions. These solutions had been previously characterized by an Abbe refractometer (Model RMI, Exacta + Optech GmbH, Munich, Germany).
# A Real-Time On-Orbit Signal Tracking Algorithm for GNSS Surface Observations
## 7 Discussion and Algorithm Variations
### Propagated Specular Point Search Initialization  
The default initialization of the specular point solution of the GNSS-R receiver sub-satellite point is not optimal. It was chosen for its simplicity and robustness. It is possible to provide a much more accurate initialization of the specular point for the calculation and greatly increase the speed of convergence (reduced iterations). This can be done simply by estimating the initialization of the specular point using the previous estimates of the specular point, where at the start of a track, the coarse initialization is used, while after the second point on an individual track is known, subsequent initialization points can be estimated much more accurately as follows,  
\[\vec{S}_{i+1}=\vec{S}_{i}+(\vec{S}_{i}-\vec{S}_{i-1})=\vec{S}_{i}+\vec{S}_{vel }dt, \tag{22}\]  
where \(i\) subscripts indicate relative time epochs, \(\vec{S}_{vel}\) is the specular point velocity and \(dt\) is the time step between consecutive measurements for a given reflection track.
# The Influence of Chamfered and Rounded Corners on Vortex-Induced Vibration of Super-Tall Buildings
## 9 Conclusions  
1. The chamfer corner can significantly reduce the crosswind response of super high-rise buildings. A chamfer ratio greater than 5% will significantly reduce the wind-induced response of a tall building with a square section, and when the chamfer ratio is increased to about 7.5%, the modification effect is the best with about a 60% reduction of VIV response. However, an excessive chamfer ratio cannot further increase the modification effect.
2. The rounded corners can also significantly reduce the crosswind response of super high-rise buildings. When the rounded ratio is not greater than 12.5%, the crosswind response at a small wind speed is not significantly reduced, but the response at the critical wind speed of VIV is effectively controlled. A rounded ratio of more than 15% is recommended to suppress the crosswind vibration of super high-rise buildings, which could reduce the VIV response by 70%.
3. When the reduced wind speed is small, the reduction of the crosswind response of chamfered and rounded models is mainly caused by the reduction of wind load, while when the reduced wind speed approaches the critical wind speed of VIV, the reduction of the VIV response of the chamfer model is mainly caused by the aeroelastic effects of different shapes.  
Conceptualization, L.W.; Writing - original draft, W.Z. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.  
This research was funded by National Natural Science Foundation of China: 51708186.  
Not applicable.  
The authors declare no conflict of interest.
## 3 Research Statement  
While selecting CHs, prior research has overlooked routing strategies, as discussed in Section 2. As a result, the selection of CHs, routing configuration, and communication failures becomes ineffective. The overall cluster count decreases after extending the deployed node transmit power [36]. The standard benchmark protocols [15] also do not make use of any routing strategy. As a result, the multi-path routing method is implemented in the proposed article, where the present CH looks for another nearby CH with half of its transmission distance. The newly chosen intermediate CH node serves as a data forwarder to the sink or BS. Figure 3 shows below as Contributions of previous surveys on clustering and routing protocols in WSNs.  
The literature survey in the previous section shows that only a few studies have addressed clustering, optimal selection of CH, and routing in tandem [16; 37]. Thus, this article aims to provide a mechanism that creates a network topology with long-term reliability and interconnectedness.  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Cluster Nodes** & **FT Nodes** & **Alloted Slot** & **@slot\_0** & **1-Hop Route** \\ \hline CH1, CH4, CH6 & R1 & 1 & CH1, \(\dots\), CHn & CH1\(\rightarrow\)(CH3) \\  & & & & CH5\(\rightarrow\)(CH6) \\ \hline CH2 & R1 & 3 & CH1, \(\dots\), CHn & R5\(\rightarrow\)(R4R6) \\  & & & & R7\(\rightarrow\)(R2R8) \\ \hline CH2 & R1 & n & CH1, \(\dots\), CHn & \(\dots\) \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}
Table 2: Inter-clustering slot configuration.