# Properties of Different Varieties of Durian
## 3 Results and Discussion
### Binding Properties of Phenolic Properties of Durian Cultivars with Human Serum Proteins
The cell survival rate (%) for mature durian fruits was 86.8 \(\pm\) 1.5 and 88.5 \(\pm\) 2.5%, on Calu-6 and on SNU-601, respectively, showing the highest activity among the investigated fruits at different ripening state, as opposed to our results, where immature fruits exhibited significantly higher cytotoxic activity in comparison to mature, ripe or overripe durians [14,33]. However, an in vivo study is needed to confirm this effect, based on the interaction of polyphenols with serum proteins in vitro and on cells results obtained. The physiological function of the polyphenols was estimated in the stability of the human proteins and protein-polyphenol system [17,64]. An example of an interaction was reported [62] whereby human serum albumin contributes to the stabilization of (\(-\))-epigallocatechin gallate in serum, showing the participation of reversible covalent binding for interaction and stabilization [65]. These data are in line with other reports, where it was shown that albumin, globulin, and fibrinogen are the main and the most important human serum proteins in metabolism and function, as well in the immune system [66; 67]. All these proteins have the capacity to bind metabolites, drugs, organic compounds, and relevant antigens [59; 60]. The determined in vitro health properties of durian are in line with some reports [68; 69] and our previous studies in vivo [16; 31]. The previous studies showed the prevention of coronary artery disease (CAD) by interaction with HSAlb, and in this study, relatively new indicators as globulin and fibrinogen were investigated. In was shown the positive effects of durian fruit at different stages of ripening on the hearts and livers of rats fed diets high in cholesterol [9; 46]. The intervention of durian effectively lowered the total cholesterol (TC) and increased the high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL) concentration in hypercholesterol individuals. A reduction in the levels of plasma TC (12.1%), LDL-C (13.3%), and triglycerides (TG) (14.1%) compared with the control group was estimated when durian was added to the diet [10]. Such results were characteristic for a number of fruits [16; 31]. The results were consistent when tested with another durian from Thailand varieties (Chanee and Kan Yao) compared with the control. Rats supplemented with ripe durian had significantly lowered TG (26.3%), but not significant in TC (4.8%) and LDL-C (6.3%). Histological analysis demonstrated that ripe durian protected the liver and aorta from exogenous cholesterol loading and protected the intimal surface area of the aorta [9]. The antioxidant potential of durian fruit is relatively high according to its functionality in vitro and in vivo studies and shows against lipid peroxidation metabolism by the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). The antioxidant capacity of fruit extracts was measured from the suppressive effect on ROS formation. Durian extracts were more potent at suppressing ROS formation and decreasing the secretion of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-\(\alpha\)) and interleukin-8 (IL-8) than ramputan extracts [18]. The addition of such fruits to generally accepted diets could be beneficial for hyperlipidemic, especially hypertriglyceridemic patients, suffering from coronary atherosclerosis. We expect that HSAlb, Fib, and Glo will serve as predictors of cardiovascular events.