## 4 Emergent Configurations in the IIoT
### Application of EC in the IIoT for Maritime Operation
On the other hand, seawater pollution can also occur from the surface of the ocean especially during collection and storage of the drilled hydrocarbon as well as offshore to onshore oil transportation. Hydrocarbon transportation vessels with badly damaged tanks can be a chief reason for this kind of oil and gas spillages. An onshore control system is built for monitoring and managing the installed surveillance devices as well as the drilling process taking place from the onshore station to the offshore ground rocks. An ECM is set up to handle the control processes during emergency operations such as oil leakages as well as during clean up operations. For instance, the ECM triggers an alarm to notify the users of an emergency. A simple application example is given as follows. It is assumed that the maritime control engineers together leave the control room of the onshore station for a quick lunch a few meters away. Suddenly, they hear an alarm indicating an emergency. The curious engineers move to the dark control room to find knowledge of the current emergency situation. Using a user agent (for instance, any ubiquitous computing enabling object), the engineers express their goal to \"monitor the entire drilling process\". An EC is set up which interprets the goals of the users and collaborates with selected resources to achieve this goal. The installed light sensors in the control room detect that the room  
Figure 10: Application of EC in Oil and Gas explorations. is dark and the lights are automatically put on for improved visibility. Projectors, relevant sleeping monitors and other potential display media comes up to enable the users to monitor the entire drilling process. Suddenly, excessive sunlight comes into the room which makes it impossible for the screens to be viewed appropriately. The light sensors figure it out that there is too much light in the control room and the smart curtains are triggered to close automatically, and the perfect lighting is maintained in the room. The engineers can now visualize the cause of the alarm as it displays on the media that there is oil spillage occurring in the oil well. In the process, the temperature of the room is increased due to the incoming sun rays and the ECM triggers an actuator that puts on the air conditioners. This is a brief application of EC in the control room working in collaboration with IoT devices to meet the user goal. For the engineers to appropriately visualize the cause of the emergency, they need to have accurate knowledge of the ongoing processes in the oil rig as well as on the sea floor. The ECM contacts the EC set up in the oil rig substation. The setup oil rig EC subsequently contacts the device manager so as to obtain first-hand information of the current state of seawater surface and submerged surveillance devices. Unmanned underwater vehicles carrying OWL in addition to ROVs detects an oil leakage gushing from the bottom of the sea floor. The substation ECM is notified which sends the information to the onshore ground station. IoT sensor objects positioned on the sea surface such as the aerostats become more vigilant in sensing for oil spillages while the ECM instructs sensor carrying mechanical devices such as helicopters and RPAS to patrol and survey the oil exploration area. The PSVs are notified, and they move towards the oil rig platform in preparation for cleaning processes. The onshore control engineers monitor and analyze the entire process while making efforts to minimize the detrimental effects of the oil pollution to the marine environment. They could see that the cause of the oil spillage is due to improper installation of conductor pipes beneath the sea floor and they express their goal of sending more cement and mud through the conductor pipes to firmly seal the drilled hole beneath the seafloor. The ECM instructs the substation which automatically sends cement and mud to appropriately seal of the drilled well beneath the sea floor, while oil that floats to the sea surface is cleaned using the PSVs.