## 3 Results
### Changes in Oral Health Habits of Young Patients with Hemophilia
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c l c c c c} \hline \hline
**Stage** & **Clinical Information** & **1 st Visit** & **2 nd Visit** & **3 rd Visit** & **4 th Visit** & **5 th Visit** \\ \hline Number of subjects & 15 & 8 & 8 & 7 & 8 \\ Sex (male:female) & 14:1 & 8:0 & 8:0 & 7:0 & 8:0 \\ Average age & 17Y3M & 16Y4M & 16Y3M & 16Y1M & 16Y7M \\ Hemophilia type (A:B) & 11:4 & 7:1 & 8:0 & 7:0 & 8:0 \\ Onset age & 10M & 6.8M & 1.0M & 4.8M & 1.8M \\  & (n = 11) & (n = 6) & (n = 6) & (n = 5) & (n = 5) \\  & Recent clotting factor activity & 8.1\% & 1.3\% & 3.0\% & 2.0\% \\  & (n = 14) & (n = 3) & (n = 0) & (n = 1) & (n = 2) \\  & Number of participations in comprehensive outpatient & 7.2 & 11.2 & 9.3 & 12.0 & 11.4 \\  & Subjects with current preliminary and regular & (n = 15) & (n = 6) & (n = 4) & (n = 1) & (n = 5) \\  & Subjects with current preliminary and regular & 13:0 & 7:1 & 7:0 & 6:0 & 8:0 \\  & replacement therapy (presence:absence) & (n = 13) & (n = 8) & (n = 7) & (n = 6) & (n = 8) \\  & Number of visits to family physicians per year & 5.2 \(\pm\) 5.0 & 5.0\(\pm\) 5.0 & 6.8 \(\pm\) 5.7 & 6.4 \(\pm\) 5.2 & 3.6 \(\pm\) 3.6 \\ Permanent & Explanation about importance of regular dental & (n = 13) & (n = 7) & (n = 6) & (n = 5) & (n = 8) \\  & (n = 13) & (n = 7) & (n = 6) & (n = 5) & (n = 8) \\  & (n = 14) & (n = 8) & (n = 5) & (n = 7) & (n = 7) \\  & Number of times to brush teeth per day & 1.8 \(\pm\) 0.7 & 1.8 \(\pm\) 0.7 & 1.6 \(\pm\) 0.5 & 2.2 \(\pm\) 0.8 & 1.4 \(\pm\) 0.5 \\  & Dental floss use (presence:absence) & (n = 14) & (n = 8) & (n = 7) & (n = 6) & (n = 7) \\  & (n = 15) & (n = 8) & (n = 7) & (n = 6) & (n = 8) \\  & Frequency of brushing by parents (every day:several times a week: rarely:never) & 1:0:8 & (0:1:3 & (0:0:3) & (0:0:4) & (0:1:5) \\  & (n = 9) & (n = 4) & (n = 3) & (n = 4) & (n = 6) \\  & Fluoride application (dental clinic and homedental clinic: homedental clinic: homedetence) & (n :1:4:10 & 1::1:4:2 & (0:1:24) & (0:1:33) & (0:2:4) \\  & (n = 15) & (n = 8) & (n = 7) & (n = 7) & (n = 8) \\  & Experience of tooth brushing instruction & 10:5 & 7:1 & 6:1 & 5:1 & 6:2 \\  & (n = 15) & (n = 8) & (n = 7) & (n = 6) & (n = 8) \\  & Presence of attending a family dentist & 6:9 & 7:1 & 6:1 & 4:2 & 3:5 \\  & (n = 15) & (n = 8) & (n = 7) & (n = 6) & (n = 8) \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 5: Responses to the questionnaire of young patients with hemophilia in the permanent dentition. remained the same as at the first visit, but the rate of those who rarely or never brushed their child's teeth decreased to 16.7% (1 of 6). After the third year, the percentage of parents who brushed their child's teeth daily increased to more than 70%, and no parents reported never brushing their child's teeth. At the first visit, some subjects in the mixed dentition group reported that they did not attend a family dentist, but all were attending a family dentist by the second year. Figure 3: Oral health habits of young patients with hemophilia. **(A)** Mixed dentition group. (**B**) Permanent dentition group. In the permanent dentition group, only 13% used dental floss at the first visit, and the rate of dental floss use did not increase after the second year (Figure 3B). From the first visit through the fifth year, few parents were brushing the teeth of the patients in the permanent dentition group. More than 50% of subjects in the permanent dentition group reported that they did not attend a family dentist at the first visit; this percentage increased in the second and third years but decreased in the fourth and fifth years.