## 3 Results and Discussion
### Interactive Temperature and Humidity Influences  
Another potential benefit for wearers of masks is that the humidity created within the mask may help combat respiratory diseases such as COVID-19. The scientists in the national institute of diabetes and digestive and kidney diseases at the National Institutes of Health (NIH) found that wearing a face mask can significantly increase the humidity in the air that a mask-wearer breathes in (inhaled air). As hydration of the respiratory tract can benefit the immune system, this has been linked to lower disease severity in people infected with SARS-CoV-2 [39]. A high level of humidity could limit the spread of viruses to the lungs by stimulating mucociliary clearance (MCC), which is the primary innate defense mechanism of the lung for removing mucus and harmful particles. Also, a high level of humidity can strengthen the immune system through the secretion of immune signaling proteins such as interferons, which can regulate the fight against viruses [40]. In contrast, a low level of humidity could impair MCC and the interferon response, which is thought to be one of the reasons why respiratory infections are transmitted especially widely during cold weather [39]. To investigate this further, a study examined _Surgical_ and _FFP3_ masks for these factors. Temperature and humidity were measured for twelve volunteers over 30 min, with six consecutive readings taken every 5 min, using a Tempo Disk temperature sensor placed inside each mask. The body temperature of volunteers was also measured using a non-contact clinical thermometer before and after wearing the masks to assess the effect of the masks. The results showed that both _Surgical_ and _FFP3_ masks increased the level of humidity in inhaled air, but to varying degrees depending upon the wearer's age. Nevertheless, as mentioned earlier, the rise in humidity within the mask may enhance the immune system by triggering the secretion of immune signaling proteins, such as interferons, which could contribute to combating respiratory diseases (see Table 3) [39; 40]. The temperature inside the masks was also found to be higher compared to room temperature (21-23 \({}^{\circ}\)C). The results also reveal that changes in body temperature while wearing the masks are not clinically significant. This experiment therefore demonstrated that humidity changes occur more rapidly than temperature changes as a result of wearing the masks, even for short durations. Furthermore, in-mask temperature appears to be closely associated with exhaled breath temperature, which can be linked to lung inflammation [41]. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c} \hline \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**Mask Type**} & **Average** & **Humidity** & **Body Temperature** & **Body Temperature** \\  & **Temperature (Inside Mask)** & **(Inside Mask)** & **(before Wearing Mask)** & **(While Wearing Mask)** \\  & \({}^{\circ}\)C & \% & \({}^{\circ}\)C & \({}^{\circ}\)C \\ \hline Surgical & 28.9 & 79.6 & 36.5 & 36.8 \\ \hline Surgical & 29.0 & 91.9 & 37.0 & 37.0 \\ \hline Surgical & 31.4 & 71.3 & 36.9 & 37.1 \\ \hline Surgical & 29.7 & 98.6 & 36.6 & 36.6 \\ \hline Surgical & 28.8 & 82.3 & 36.3 & 36.4 \\ \hline Surgical & 29.4 & 95.1 & 36.6 & 36.7 \\ \hline Surgical & 31.0 & 91.2 & 36.8 & 37.1 \\ \hline Surgical & 29.2 & 83.0 & 36.0 & 36.5 \\ \hline FFP3 & 31.6 & 91.0 & 36.8 & 37.0 \\ \hline FFP3 & 30.3 & 75.0 & 36.8 & 36.7 \\ \hline FFP3 & 31.0 & 70.1 & 36.5 & 36.6 \\ \hline FFP3 & 31.6 & 79.4 & 35.8 & 36.2 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 3: Measurements of in-mask humidity and temperature, as well as body temperature in volunteers wearing surgical (\(n=8\)) and FFP3 (\(n=4\)) masks. The evaluation of exhaled breath temperature could provide a useful way to evaluate the effectiveness of medical and non-medical mask grades and to detect pathological processes in the respiratory system. An assumed mechanism will be based on changes in the blood flow in the conduction airways.