## 3 Results and Discussion
As in this study, with the requirement of less input displacement, the length of the bellow was reduced from 305 mm to 50 mm. This allowed the height of the bonnet in the valve to be reduced further, here from 300 mm to 150 mm, which is a significant reduction. The bonnet height in the valve determines the \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c} \hline \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**Inlet Pressure (kPa)**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**Valve Opening (\%)**} & \multicolumn{3}{c}{**Actualon Force (N)**} \\ \cline{3-5}  & & **Original Design** & **Simulation** & **Experimental** \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{10} & 75 & 1.20 & 9.6 & 10.0 \\  & 50 & 2.40 & 19.2 & 22.0 \\  & 25 & 3.65 & 29.2 & 32.0 \\  & 0 & 4.90 & 39.2 & 46.0 \\  & 75 & 2.40 & 19.2 & 21.0 \\  & 50 & 4.90 & 39.2 & 46.0 \\
20 & 25 & 7.30 & 58.4 & 68.0 \\  & 0 & 9.80 & 78.4 & 89.0 \\  & 75 & 3.70 & 29.6 & 32.0 \\  & 50 & 7.40 & 59.2 & 68.0 \\
30 & 25 & 11.00 & 88.0 & 101.0 \\  & 0 & 14.70 & 117.6 & 129.0 \\  & 75 & 4.90 & 39.2 & 46.0 \\  & 50 & 9.80 & 78.4 & 89.0 \\
40 & 25 & 14.70 & 117.6 & 129.0 \\  & 0 & 19.60 & 156.8 & 171.0 \\  & 75 & 6.10 & 48.8 & 55.0 \\  & 50 & 12.20 & 97.6 & 107.0 \\
50 & 25 & 18.30 & 146.4 & 170.0 \\  & 0 & 24.50 & 196.0 & 205.0 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 4: Actuation force comparison. overall height of the valve, which after the application of the mechanism, made the height of the valve equal to the conventional packing sealed valves. The dimensions for the mechanism applied in the valve is dependent on the valve size being used. As in the case here, the mechanism was applied to a DN 25 globe valve. The diameter of the bonnet in the valve was also 25 mm, which limits the length of the linkages. The length of the link must be less than 25 mm to allow for the motion of the links. To achieve the desired input and output displacement, more ternary links were added. For the different size of the valve, the length of the links and number of additional links could be selected accordingly. This will determine the height reduction of the valve and also the force propagation. Valves are available in a variety of pressure ranges depending upon the application that they are used for. Fluid pressure through the valve determines the force required to operate the valve. In conventional valves, it is usually equal to the force exerted by the fluid pressure on the valve disc. To overcome the resistance by the fluid, a little higher force is required to open or close the valve. As discussed in the force analysis section, the applied input force is reduced, after propagation through the mechanism, at the output. To operate the valve with the applied mechanism, a lot more force will be required. As the force analysis of the test rig showed, approximately ten times more force was required to operate when compared to the conventional valve. It may not be possible to actuate a high-pressure range valve by human force, but it will not affect the use of a valve as most of the control valves in industries today are operated using electronic actuators. Required force can easily be applied by motors to operate the valve. The application of the synthesized linkage is not limited to different size ranges of the globe valve. The mechanism can also be applied to other types of valves such as gate valves. As the mechanism is designed to operate the disc, all valves that work on a similar principle can work with the mechanism with little modifications. Using the mechanism for opening and closing the valve greatly reduces the height of the valve while maintaining the zero-emission characteristic of the valve. This design makes bellow valves more suitable and can increase their use in daily industrial applications.