## 4 Results and Discussions
### Sem
#### 4.2.2 Measurement Model for Reflective Construct  
Table 5 presents the outcomes of the measurement model pertaining to the reflective constructs of horizontal alignment, vertical alignment, and intersections. As per the findings of [PERSON] et al. (2001), it is widely acknowledged that the standardised outer loadings should meet or exceed the threshold of 0.70. It is recommended to consider removing indicators from a scale if their outer loadings fall within the range of 0.40 to 0.70. According to [PERSON] et al. (2001), the elimination of the indicator should only be carried out if it leads to an enhancement in the composite reliability. A loading factor of more than 0.7 was recorded by the superelevation, radius, and horizontal alignment indicators. In the meantime, loading factors ranging from 0.4 to 0.7 were recorded for the intersection angle. Deleting the intersection angle resulted in a decrease in composite reliability, which is why this indicator was not removed. If the loading factor is more than 0.7, the K-value, sight distance, and vertical alignment indicators should be recorded. The intersection indicators, which included the number and type of intersection, had a loading factor greater than 0.7. The Average Variance Extracted (AVE) is a frequently used metric for assessing convergent validity at the construct level. Applying analogous reasoning to the individual indicators, an AVE value equal to or exceeding 0.50 signifies that the construct, on average, accounts for over 50% of the variance observed in its indicators. Table 5 shows that the AVE for horizontal alignment was 0.60, indicating that the construct explains over half of the variance of its indicators. Furthermore, the AVE for vertical alignment and intersections was 0.501 and 1, respectively. Additionally, the CRA valve for horizontal alignment was 0.747, indicating a high level of reliability for the indicators. The CRA value for vertical alignment was 0.703, meanwhile. The intersection of the CRA was 1. [PERSON]'s alpha is a measure of reliability that is conservative. The values \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{l l l l l l} \hline \hline
**Latent** & \multirow{2}{*}{**Indicator**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**Horizontal Alignment**} & **Vertical Alignment** & **Road Intersection** & **Road Accident** \\
**Variable** & & & **(Factor 1)** & **(Factor 2)** & **(Factor 3)** & **(Factor 4)** \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{Horizontal alignment} & Radius of curve & **0.601** & 0.014 & \(-0.256\) & 0.094 \\  & Superelevation & **0.856** & 0.005 & \(-0.413\) & \(-0.094\) \\  & Length of curve & 0.350 & \(-0.102\) & \(-0.020\) & \(-0.102\) \\  & Intersection angle & **0.603** & 0.318 & \(-0.117\) & \(-0.114\) \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{Vertical alignment} & K-value & 0.303 & **0.600** & 0.082 & \(-0.120\) \\  & Vertical length & 0.212 & **0.602** & 0.075 & \(-0.059\) \\  & Sight distance & \(-0.067\) & **0.684** & \(-0.065\) & \(-0.145\) \\  & Type of curve & 0.331 & \(-0.373\) & 0.030 & 0.11 \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{Intersection} & Type of intersection & \(-0.331\) & \(-0.114\) & **0.867** & 0.555 \\  & Number of intersections & 0.230 & 0.051 & \(-0.801\) & \(-0.351\) \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{Road accident} & Accident rate & \(-0.223\) & \(-0.209\) & 0.681 & **0.790** \\  & Severity index & \(-0.086\) & \(-0.115\) & 0.280 & **0.797** \\ \cline{1-1}  & Number of fatalities & \(-0.416\) & \(-0.310\) & 0.340 & **0.728** \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 4: EFA results of Latent Variables.