## 7 Results and Discussion
### Summer
This results in energy surpluses, visible as the differences between the PV generation curve and the total loads. These surpluses could be stored in batteries or exported to the grid. After running the model for a representative summer week, and as a result of the planner, the new target temperature profile is as indicated in Figure 21.  
With the new temperature profile, the results appear in Figure 22.  
Figure 21: New target temperature profile inside the enclosures for a summer week. Figure 20: Electricity consumption of HVAC, other household loads, photovoltaic production, and storage elements for a summer week. The thermal power required by the HVAC system is shown in Figure 23.  
When comparing the dynamics of the two systems (with and without a planner), it can be observed that, in the case without a planner, the oscillations in power and temperature are more pronounced. This reflects that the system operates more directly to respond to temperature variations, activating and deactivating cooling in a more reactive manner than in the planner case. On the other hand, in the case with a planner, the graphs reflect a smoother and more uniform control strategy, where the system better anticipates temperature variations, storing or releasing thermal energy more gradually. This demonstrates a more efficient use of the thermal battery in the case where the planner is used, minimizing power peaks and achieving more stable temperature control. This strategy reduces the dependence on frequent system activations, optimizing energy consumption, while maintaining thermal comfort. In summary, analyzing both systems highlights how the thermal battery is also used to smooth system operation and improve energy efficiency. Similar to the winter scenario, Figure 24 illustrates variations in energy consumption patterns. With a planner, energy usage shows distinct peaks at specific times, reflecting the system's deliberate strategy to charge the battery and TES during periods of lower electricity prices and reduced demand. This approach allows the system to store energy efficiently, minimizing consumption during high-demand or high-cost periods. In contrast, without a planner, energy consumption is steadier but occurs more frequently, indicating a reliance on power as needed without strategic optimization, leading to less efficient energy use. As observed in winter, during a typical summer week, the planner concentrates energy consumption during low-cost periods, while, in its absence, energy is consumed even during times of higher electricity prices. Figure 19.0 Thermal power required by the HVAC system for a summer week. Figure 19.1 Temperature evolution inside the different enclosures for a summer week. Figure 25 shows that when the planner is implemented, the SOC follows a strategic pattern, with distinct charging peaks during periods of low electricity costs or high PV generation. This allows the TES to store thermal energy efficiently for later use, especially during times of high demand or elevated energy prices. Conversely, without a planner, the SOC remains lower and fluctuates less significantly. This reactive approach leads to less efficient energy storage and utilization strategy, missing opportunities to capitalize on periods of surplus energy or cost advantages. Finally, Figure 26 shows the cost of energy comparing the results of the optimizer without and with indoor temperature control using the TES concept. Figure 26 illustrates the effect on overall costs during the summer period. Similarly to the winter scenario, using the planner results in a slower cost increase, highlighting the savings obtained by strategically managing the charging and discharging of the TES. This approach enables the system to minimize energy usage during high-cost periods. On the other hand, without the planner, costs rise more rapidly, demonstrating the inefficiencies of relying on immediate energy use without taking advantage of storage to optimize consumption. Figure 19.2 Electric consumption with and without planner for a summer week.