# Research on the Jiamusi Area's Shallow Groundwater Recharge Using Remote Sensing and the SWAT Model
## 6 Conclusions  
1. The HWSD World Soil Database and the CMADS meteorological data set, which serve as the model's driving databases, simulated the study region well. With R\({}^{2}\) and NS values of 0.81 and 0.77, respectively, Fuyuan Hydrology Station had the best simulation effect. Tongjiang Hydrology Station followed with R\({}^{2}\) and NS values of 0.77 and 0.75, respectively, both of which meet the simulation requirements.
2. Examine the entire scene. In the Jiamusi area, groundwater phreatic-bed reserves are distributed very differently. The primary pattern is the progressive decrease in volume in Jiamusi city to the northeast and southeast. It falls to the southwest of Fuyuan City's center. The trend of the simulated groundwater net discharge is essentially in line with reality. The Songhua River trunk area in Tongjiang City contains the Jiamusi groundwater storage area to the southeast and northwest. Surface water makes up the majority of the water resources here, with relatively little water reserves in the diving layer. Jiamusi's northeast primarily diminishes to the southwest from Fuyuan City's core.
3. The average groundwater recharge in the Jiamusi area between 2008 and 2016 was estimated by the remote sensing water balance method to be 53.2 \(\times\) 10\({}^{8}\) m\({}^{3}\), while the average exploitable amount was found to be 23.94 \(\times\) 10\({}^{8}\) m\({}^{3}\). The recoverable amount was 27.4 \(\times\) 10\({}^{8}\) m\({}^{3}\), and the average groundwater recharge was 61.03 \(\times\) 10\({}^{8}\) m\({}^{3}\), according to the SWAT model. Between 2010 and 2016, the No. 1 basin's average groundwater runoff modulus was 0.89 L/(s-km\({}^{2}\)), total recharge was 31.522 billion m\({}^{3}\), and total recoverable amount was 14.184 billion m\({}^{3}\). In the No. 2 basin, the total recharge was 11.256 billion m\({}^{3}\), the total recoverable amount was 5.065 billion m\({}^{3}\), and the average groundwater runoff modulus was 1.113 L/(s-km\({}^{2}\)).
4. Given the restoration of Jiamusi's groundwater level, it is recommended that flood waters be released in the upper reservoir of the Shidang River during dry years in order to maintain Songhua River's water level stability and lessen groundwater reversal recharge while providing irrigation water for the Fujin Irrigation District. In rural regions, it is suggested that supervision over groundwater consumption for agriculture and irrigation is tightened, awareness is increased, and the bar for groundwater use is raised.  
Conceptualization, X.Y.; Methodology, X.Y.; Software, X.Y.; Validation, X.Y.; Formal analysis, X.Y.; Data curation, C.L.; Writing--original draft, X.Y.; Writing--review & editing, C.D. and G.L. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.  
This research was funded by: (1) [Research and analysis of Sino-Russian glacial flow measurement technology in Heilongjiang (Amur River) and suggestions on survey schemes]. (2) [Yunnan Key Laboratory of International Rivers and Transboundary Eco-Security] grant number [2022 KF03] and the APC was funded by [2022 KF03].  
The original contributions presented in the study are included in the article, further inquiries can be directed to the corresponding author.  
The author hereby declares no conflict of interest.