## 3 Results
### Proteomic Analysis  
The nLC-MS/MS analysis identified 176 distinct proteins adhered to the studied surfaces. Perseus comparative analyses were performed between the anodized treatments (YA and PA) with respect to the control surface (MC), revealing that 26 proteins differentially adhered onto the materials due to anodizing (Table 1). Ten proteins were found to be differentially more adsorbed onto YA versus MC, whereas another ten were less adsorbed. In PA, 13 proteins increased their affinity for this surface versus MC, and 10 reduced their affinity. Based on the Uniprot database, among the proteins differentially more adsorbed on the anodized surfaces, FA10, ZPI, HRG, KLKB1 and PLMN were associated with blood coagulation functions. In turn, APOF and APOL1 apolipoprotein  
Figure 4: Cytokine quantification by ELISA in THP-1 at one and three days: (**a**) transforming growth factor beta (TGF-\(\beta\)) and (**b**) tumor necrosis \(\alpha\) (TNF-\(\alpha\)). The asterisks (\(p\leq 0.05\) (\({}^{\star}\)) and \(p\leq 0.01\) (\({}^{\star\star}\))) indicate statistically significant differences between PA and YA versus MC, and the diamonds indicate statistically significant differences between PA and YA (\(p\leq 0.05\) (\(\blacklozenge\)) and \(p\leq 0.001\) (\(\blacklozenge\blacklozenge\))). Results are shown as mean \(\pm\) SD. Figure 3: Confocal fluorescence images of the cytoskeletal arrangement of hGF on MC, YA and PA surfaces after one and three days of culture (**a**). Actin filaments were stained with phalloidin (green) and nuclei with DAPI (blue). Scale bar: 100 \(\mu\)m. Area measurements of the fibroblasts adhering to the different samples after one day (**b**). Collagen secreted by hGF cells after 1, 3 and 7 days of culture on the different surface treatments (**c**). Asterisks (\(p\leq 0.05\) (\({}^{\star}\))) indicate a statistically significant difference for PA versus MC, and diamonds indicate statistically significant differences between PA and YA (\(p\leq 0.05\) (\(\blacklozenge\))). Results are shown as mean \(\pm\) SE. adsorbed secondary to anodizing, were related to lipid metabolism and transport activity. Proteins related to the immune response were also found to be more adsorbed onto PA and YA. In this regard, immunoglobulin HV313, pentraxin SAMP and IC1 and C4 BPB (with regulatory/inhibitory functions in the complement system) were differentially attached onto these surfaces. TENT, A2 AP and IBP4 also increased their affinity for the anodized samples. TENT is an extracellular matrix protein that can promote plasminogen activation, whereas A2P2, a serine-type endopeptidase inhibitor, is related to the regulatory functions of this process. IBP4 in turn is an insulin growth factor (IGF)-binding protein that can promote the IGF and MAPK pathways. Regarding the proteins that reduced their affinity for the anodized samples, FA11, HABP2 and FA5 were associated with blood coagulation functions. Apolipoprotein APOM, APOC4 and APOE, and the high-density lipoprotein SAA4, were also found to be differentially less adhered to the PA and YA surfaces. The same applied to DSG1, with functions in cell-to-cell adhesion, and FHR5, S10A9, G3P and DCD, related to the immune response. Bioinformatics tools were used to carry out the functional analysis of the proteins identified as differentially adsorbed between surfaces. In Figure 5, the Panther functional classification and the String analyses results are displayed. Panther revealed that proteins differentially more and less adsorbed onto anodized samples were related to biological