# Assessment of Fluoride-Releasing Materials in Remineralization of Adjacent Demineralized Enamel
## 3 Results  
### Lesion Depth  
Due to artificially demineralized proximal enamel formation, demineralized enamel lesions measuring approximately 100-200 \(\upmu\)m in depth were included in this study. The average LDs at baseline and post pH cycling are shown in Table 2. There was no significant difference in the mean baseline LD between the four material groups (\(p\) = 0.80). After 14 days of pH cycling, the mean LD of proximal demineralized enamel decreased in all material groups. The mean difference in LD between baseline and post pH cycling was \(-\)6.143 \(\pm\) 14.04, \(-\)18.43 \(\pm\) 9.09, \(-\)20.15 \(\pm\) 22.99, and \(-\)25.46 \(\pm\) 19.66 \(\upmu\)m for FZ, CN, FJ, and EQ, respectively. The paired \(t\)-test demonstrated that there were statistically significant differences in LD between baseline and post pH cycling in the CN, FJ, and EQ groups (\(p\) < 0.01), while FZ did not show a significant difference. Illustrations of the baseline and post pH cycling LDs are presented in Figure 3. The mean percentage reduction in LD is summarized in Table 3. The greatest percentage reduction in LD was seen in EQ (mean rank = 19.46), whereas FZ demonstrated the lowest percentage reduction in LD (mean rank = 41). \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c} \hline \hline  & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Lesion Depth**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Mineral Density**} \\
**Group** & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**(\(\mu\)m)**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**(mgHA/cm\({}^{3}\))**} \\ \cline{2-5}
**(n)** & **Baseline** & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Post-pH**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Baseline**} & **Post-pH Cycling** \\ \hline FZ (14) & 125.50 \(\pm\) 18.07 \({}^{\text{a}}\) & 119.36 \(\pm\) 20.48 & 1543.37 \(\pm\) 86.44 \({}^{\text{a}}\) & 1595.56 \(\pm\) 94.00 \({}^{\text{*}}\) \\ \hline CN (14) & 128.14 \(\pm\) 19.01 \({}^{\text{a}}\) & 109.71 \(\pm\) 22.91 \({}^{\text{*}}\) & 1543.35 \(\pm\) 153.81 \({}^{\text{a}}\) & 1604.91 \(\pm\) 144.45 \({}^{\text{*}}\) \\ \hline FJ (13) & 132.15 \(\pm\) 27.84 \({}^{\text{a}}\) & 112.00 \(\pm\) 39.27 \({}^{\text{*}}\) & 1507.01 \(\pm\) 122.38 \({}^{\text{a}}\) & 1610.46 \(\pm\) 144.12 \({}^{\text{*}}\) \\ \hline EQ (13) & 132.77 \(\pm\) 21.20 \({}^{\text{a}}\) & 107.31 \(\pm\) 26.88 \({}^{\text{*}}\) & 1499.20 \(\pm\) 115.24 \({}^{\text{a}}\) & 1600.26 \(\pm\) 135.73 \({}^{\text{*}}\) \\ \hline \end{tabular} Data are presented as mean \(\pm\) SD; n = number of lesions per group. The same lower-case letters in the column indicate no statistically significant differences in baseline lesion depth and mineral density between groups (\(p\) > 0.05) based on a one-way ANOVA test. \({}^{\text{*}}\) Indicates statistically significant differences between baseline and post-pH cycling within each group (\(p\) < 0.01) based on paired \(t\)-test.  
\end{table} 
Table 2: The lesion depth (LD) and mineral density (MD) of adjacent demineralized proximal enamel at baseline and post pH cycling. Figure 3: Micro-CT images of the lesion depth of the artificially demineralized proximal enamel lesion adjacent to the four groups of restorative material at baseline and post 14 days of pH cycling. (**A**) FZ; (**B**) CN; (**C**) FJ; (**D**) EQ. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c} \hline \hline  & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Percentage Change in**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Percentage Change in**} \\
**Group (n)** & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Lesion Depth**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Mineral Density**} \\  & **(\%)** & & **(\%)** \\ \cline{2-4}  & **Mean \(\pm\) SD** & **Mean Rank** & **Mean \(\pm\) SD** & **Mean Rank** \\ \hline FZ (14) & \(-\)4.73 \(\pm\) 10.03 & 41.00 \({}^{\text{a}}\) & 3.40 \(\pm\) 3.03 & 23.29 \({}^{\text{a}}\) \\ \hline CN (14) & \(-\)14.98 \(\pm\) 8.81 & 22.43 \({}^{\text{b}}\) & 4.20 \(\pm\) 5.02 & 26.71 \({}^{\text{a}}\) \\ \hline FJ (13) & \(-\)16.16 \(\pm\) 19.14 & 26.46 \({}^{\text{a,b}}\) & 7.05 \(\pm\) 7.71 & 32.15 \({}^{\text{a}}\) \\ \hline EQ (13) & \(-\)19.18 \(\pm\) 14.35 & 19.46 \({}^{\text{b}}\) & 6.80 \(\pm\) 7.66 & 28.23 \({}^{\text{a}}\) \\ \hline \end{tabular}  
\end{table}