## 4 Model Validation and Result Analysis
### Security Resource Scheduling Optimization Implementation  
#### 4.3.1 Movement Control Procedures Implementation  
(1) Working based on the forecast data obtained in Section 3.2, a dynamic scheduling program can be implemented to adjust the number of security checkpoint lanes based on the MPC model. The MHALSTM-MPC model constructed in Section 3.2 has three key parameters: the passenger flow change threshold, the minimum adjustment interval, and the maximum passenger queue time. According to the \"Regulations on Railway Passenger Transportation Safety Inspection Management\" issued on 17 December 2023, the average waiting time for routine passenger security checks should generally not exceed 5 min. Additionally, according to research by [PERSON], passengers carrying suitcases or large bags take about 8 to 10 s to pass through, those with backpacks or medium-sized bags take about 6 to 8 s, passengers with small/single-shoulder bags take about 3.8 to 6 s, and passengers without luggage take about 2 to 4 s [25]. Among these, passengers carrying small and medium-sized luggage account for approximately 52% of the total passenger flow at the high-speed railway station, those with suitcases or large bags account for about 40% of passenger flow, and the rest are passengers without luggage. Based on weighted averages, in this experiment, the average time a person spends passing through security is set to 8 s (a), and the maximum passenger waiting time is set to 5 \(\times\) 60 s, or 300 s. Regarding the passenger flow change threshold and minimum adjustment interval, this experiment sets them at 20% and 30 min, respectively. This means that adjustments in resources  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c} \hline \hline
**Time** & **Actual Value** & **Predicted Value** & **Difference** \\ \hline
2024-01-11 14:16 & 1595 & 1602 & \(-\)7 \\
2024-01-11 14:26 & 1522 & 1582 & \(-\)60 \\
2024-01-11 14:36 & 1436 & 1499 & \(-\)63 \\
2024-01-11 14:46 & 1387 & 1410 & \(-\)23 \\
2024-01-11 14:56 & 1284 & 1367 & \(-are only allowed when the predicted passenger flow change exceeds 20% and when it has been more than 30 min since the last adjustment. This measure aims to prevent excessive adjustments that could lead to increased operating costs and a decreased passenger service experience. Furthermore, since Z City East Station has 6 entry gates, at least 6 security checkpoint lanes should be set up when there are passengers. The results of the program implementation can be obtained by comparing screening criteria with forecast data, thus deriving an optimized strategy for security checkpoint resource scheduling. The results of this strategy, referred to as Plan A, are shown in Table 3.
2. This study further explores the performance of the dynamic scheduling procedure under different parameter settings by conducting two additional sets of experiments for the 12 January 2024 passenger flow data by adjusting the adjustment intervals and the passenger flow change thresholds. In the first set of experiments, the adjustment interval was set to 60 min, and the passenger flow change threshold was kept at 20%, to evaluate the system's responsiveness under longer adjustment intervals. This set-up was called plan B. In the second set of experiments, the adjustment interval was kept at 30 min and the passenger flow change threshold was lowered to 10% in order to explore the system's performance under a scenario more sensitive to the change in the passenger flow; this was designated as plan C. The results of experiments for plan B and plan C are shown in Tables 4 and 5.