## 1 Introduction
### The Literature Review
[15] used a systematic and bibliometric approach to evaluate the performance and challenges of integrating battery energy-storage systems into microgrids. This review finds that optimization methods and cost-benefit analysis are key elements for developing an optimal battery energy-storage system. Other considerations include factors, such as reliability, battery technology, power quality, frequency variations, and environmental conditions. Overall, economic factors are the biggest challenges for battery energy-storage systems;
* [PERSON] et al. [16] proposed a distributed optimal small-scale PV energy-system-sizing strategy for residential distribution grids that takes into account individual energy needs and EV charging. Fuzzy cognitive maps theory is used to address the correlation between individual energy parameters and RES characteristics. The optimization results showcase that the adopted hybrid approach can reduce energy costs significantly, with no need for expansion of the utility network. Thus, EV charging through residential RES can become a viable option;
* [PERSON] et al. [17] reviewed various motor technologies available for use in electric vehicles, such as brushless motors, synchronous reluctance, and induction motors. By taking into account eleven criteria, such as power density and regenerative braking efficiency, the motors are classified in terms of their ability to function in hybrid energy-storage systems to maximize efficiency and sizing. It is concluded that permanent magnet motors and induction motors are the most suitable for such applications, with the synchronous reluctance motor offering superior performance when it comes to the key factors impacting the system;
* [PERSON] et al. [18] integrated a structural equation model (SEM) and fuzzy cognitive map (FCM) to analyze the mutual relationship between the various elements influencing the development of wind power. Results suggest that \"policy\" is the main obstacle to development, and management strategies should focus on the \"technology\"and \"environment\" in the short term and consider \"social\" factors in the mid-term, with a focus on \"policy\" in the long-term;
* [PERSON] et al. [19] proposed a decentralized energy management system for an autonomous polygeneration microgrid topology. A decentralized architecture offers advantages, such as greater chances of partial operation in cases of malfunctions, in comparison with a centralized system. The multi-agent system based on fuzzy cognitive maps was explored for their implementation and compared to an existing centralized energy management system in terms of technical performance, financial efficiency, and operational simplicity. The results showed similar technical performance between the two systems, along with advantages in financial and operational terms for the decentralized system;
* [PERSON] et al. [20] proposed a semi-quantitative assessment of biowaste-based energy transition by engaging stakeholders. To achieve this, a decision support system (DSS) and a fuzzy cognitive map (FCM) are proposed to evaluate the interplay of local and sectoral low-carbon actions. A use case study of a Greek region is potentially employed to analyze the effect of energy provision on urbanization and the influence of actors on decision-making related to low-carbon policies. The proposed decision-making tool utilizes analytics, optimization algorithms, and surveys to guide competent authorities to sustainable energy transitioning toward decarbonization;
* [PERSON]'s design policy-related requirements that protect existing history and cultural values are essential for the successful integration of such renewable energy sources as photovoltaics into the built environment. As part of this process, he conferred with heritage authorities to learn about the most up-to-date standards, as well as the benefits and cons of the potential integration of solar energy and other renewable sources into the cultural heritage sites.