# Assessment of Nanobag as a New Safety System in the Frontal Sled Test
## 3 Results and Discussion
### 30 km/h Results  
Head acceleration results in the time dependence curve of its COG versus time. The plot on Figure 4 shows the limits (maximum and minimum values) of all the configurations as well as their mean values. This plot shows that all the cases have a similar curve shape, and there is not a one curve, which would behave in very different manner. Figure 4: Head COG acceleration for 30 km/h pulse. In order to assess the effect of the airbag and nanobag for various anthropometry, respectively, the plot of body mass index (BMI) vs. head injury criterion (HIC) are depicted. The BMI pairs the height and weight of the subject, and both are considered to be assessed for the safety effect; see Figure 5. All the curves report increasing the HIC value for higher a BMI for both safety systems. The approximation curve is the lowest in the case of the airbag, followed by the 4-layer nanobag. With increasing numbers of layers, the HIC values tend to increase (more layers, stiffer obstacle and higher head acceleration). However, all values are still within the acceptable region of head injury risk of \(<\)1000 [27]. The best protection is predicted for a standard airbag for a BMI up to 29. After this limit, the HIC predicts lower values for the nanobag with 4 layers. Neck injury risk is tested by means of the Nij criterion, which plots the axial compression force depending on the bending moment into the corridor (function of the antipometry). If the curves are inside the corridor, the risk of neck injury is within the safety limits, and no serious injury should appear. The Nij criterion curves lay inside the defined corridors in all tested scenarios for the acceleration pulse of 30 km/h. The full results are displayed in Table 2, where the HIC value, the Nij max value, the probability of AIS injury 2 for the head and 2-5 for the neck, BrIC, UBrIC criteria and the maximum contact force \(\mathrm{F_{c}}\) between the passenger and the SRS (airbag and nanobag), respectively, are displayed. The last three lines (79-81) in the Table 2 show the maximum, minimum and averages of the particular values. Particular subjects (VH) are represented as males (Ma) and females (Fa) of a given age (a) and percentile (p). Airbag (AB) and nanobag N  
Figure 5: BMI vs. HIC plots for 30 km/h pulse. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c} \hline \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**VH**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**m**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**h**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Head**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Neck**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**UBiC**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Fe**} \\  & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**[cm]**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**BMI**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**SRS**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**HIC**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Nij**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**AIS2+**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**AIS2+**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**AIS3+**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**AIS4+**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**AIS5+**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**BriC**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**MPS**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**CSDM**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**[km]**} \\ \hline  & 57 & 170 & 20 & AB & 126 & 0.13 & 1.69 & 13.08 & 4.91 & 7.36 & 2.52 & 0.57 & 0.19 & 0.28 & 1.37 \\  & 57 & 170 & 20 & NB4 & 113 & 0.071 & 1.22 & 12.24 & 4.36 & 6.86 & 2.34 & 0.50 & 0.17 & 0.24 & 0.46 \\ M14 p50 & 57 & 170 & 20 & NB6 & 125 & 0.061 & 1.67 & 12.12 & 4.28 & 6.79 & 2.31 & 0.49 & 0.17 & 0.24 & 0.64 \\  & 57 & 170 & 20 & NB8 & 135 & 0.061 & 2.06 & 12.12 & 4.28 & 6.79 & 2.31 & 0.48 & 0.16 & 0.23 & 0.73 \\  & 57 & 170 & 20 & NB10 & 145 & 0.051 & 2.55 & 11.99 & 4.20 & 6.71 & 2.28 & 0.47 & 0.16 & 0. The maximum value of the HIC is 214 (M, P95, 54 YO, 184 cm, 96 kg for a 6-layer nanobag), and its minimum is 91 (M, P50, 28 YO, 178 cm, 76 kg, airbag). The results of the crash scenario with no safety features (seat belts only) for the average occupant (M P50, 28 YO, 178 cm, 76 kg) are also provided in Table 2 (line 78) to get a referenced value for no SRS configuration. The maximum probability of AIS 2+ for the head and neck are 6.7% and 14.7%, respectively.