## 4 Discussion  
Our current study was designed to investigate the role of water in biological effects of the CMF. Selection of parameters (frequencies and amplitude) of magnetic alternating component was carried out taking into account the latest experimental data on effects taking place in pure water after exposure to the CMF corresponding to the ICR frequency [16; 17] of hydronium H\({}_{3}\)O\({}^{+}\) ions (protonated water) and its hydrated forms [12; 18]. These studies demonstrated that stimulation of water with super weak magnetic field results in transient change in refraction index, conductivity, and potential for hydrogen (pH). In addition, such water starts to emit stable transitional magnetic signal at 48.5 Hz, for at least 60 min after the end of the CMF exposure in the absence of any other measurable field. In turn, these experiments were carried out based on the results of our previous research [19; 20; 21; 22] showing that conductivity of protonated form of glutamic acid (GluH\({}^{+}\)) in aqueous solution transiently increases when exposed to the CMF under the ICR conditions, including in combination with vanishingly small value of alternating magnetic field (\(\sim\)50 nT). Our experiments with direct exposure of neutrophil suspension to the CMF demonstrated that pre-treatment with the CMF set for ICR for hydronium ion (48.5 Hz) inhibited respiratory burst, while the CMF set for ICR for hydrated form of this complex ion (12.6 Hz), on the contrary, activated it. Such result may be explained by proximity of the ICR frequency of hydronium ion (48.5 Hz) and ferric ion (Fe\({}^{3+}\))--49.5 Hz (using static magnetic field of 60 uT), in which we previously detected significant (\(\sim\)60%) reduction in respiratory burst intensity in neutrophil suspension in response to fMLF, which was also measured using luminol-enhanced chemiluminescence [23]. Lack of the effect of the CMF at 48.5 Hz on pure water detected in the current study may result from the influence of external magnetic fields on internal processes of generation of electromagnetic fluctuations in water at the same frequency (48.5 Hz) as described previously [18]. Regardless of interpretation, our experiments demonstrated that the stimulating effect on intensity of respiratory burst in neutrophil suspension was caused by pre-treatment using the CMF set specifically for the hydrated hydronium ion H\({}_{9}\)O\({}_{4}\)\({}^{+}\) (frequency 12.6 Hz) [23]. This stimulating effect of the CMF is passed via water (when water is pre-exposed to the CMF and subsequently added to suspension of neutrophils) as similarly shown in a number of our own experiments [24; 25; 26; 27; 28] as well as in numerous reports from other authors [29; 30; 31; 32]. Of special interest is the fact that water after magnetic exposure retains its stimulating properties during the serial dilution process accompanied by vigorous shaking under the CMF conditions. Usually, serial dilution and vigorous shaking procedures after each dilution step are used for investigation of properties of highly diluted aqueous solutions of certain chemical compounds [33], but our experiments demonstrated that modifying effect on water may be also generated as a result of magnetic exposure (CMF). Our results clearly demonstrate magnetic properties of water samples after shaking procedure that was performed under the CMF conditions. Along with that, it was demonstrated that shaking of water in a device shielded from the GMF (with permalloy shield) did not result in retention of its properties of stimulating ROS generation by neutrophils. Furthermore, administration of the CMF source into the GMF-shielded device, in which sample shaking had been carried out, caused effect compatible with the GMF. These data correlate well with the results of the experiments investigating the effect of magnetic conditions on the processes of structure generation in highly diluted aqueous solutions [34] showing an absence of water associates detectable by dynamic light scattering in hypomagnetic conditions.