# Key Performance Indicators for Food Supply Chain: A Bibliometric and Systematic Literature Review
## 3 Results
### Outcomes of the Content Analysis  
In this Section, the results of the analysis carried out on the contents of the 125 selected documents are proposed. Figure 9 shows the first aspect investigated, namely, the time distribution of papers for the different products covered in the FSC in question. Specifically, nine categories of products can be found: agricultural products, meat, fish, dairy products, bread, animal and plant production, alcohol-free drinks, food production (in general), and fruit. Moreover, on the basis of the results, two additional groups were added: the \"Combination\", which means that more products are referred to in the document in question, and \"Not specified\" in cases where the searched information was not found. As can be seen from the figure above, in 35 studies, the product type of the FSC studied is not specified, while in 14 papers, more than one type of product (combination) is treated. Moreover, agricultural products are the most popular in the analyzed sample (53 out of 125 studies--42.4%), followed by papers dealing with dairy (18 papers) and meat (16 studies) products. These results are in line with the journal analysis and the keywords one, since agricultural issues have already emerged. For completeness, instead, the numbers of the remaining food categories are the following: 12 (animal and plant production); 8 (general food production); 5 (fruit); 3 (fish); and 2 (bread and alcohol-free drinks). Following the classification proposed by [PERSON] et al. [73], FSCs were categorized into three different areas: supply, production, and distribution. By \"supply\", a phase is meant in which the product is treated as a raw material, including activities such as cultivation  
Figure 9: Paper distribution by-products. or farming; the remaining two stages instead deal with industrial transformation and subsequent distribution of the final product. The results are shown in Figure 10. In this case as well, in addition to the three mentioned phases, the \"Combination\" and \"Not specified\" (N.S.) groups were added; when a combination is recalled, it could be referred to as a FSC intended as a whole. As shown in Figure 10, the area with the highest number of contributions is production (with 66 papers--52.8%), followed by combination and distribution, with 26 and 25 studies, respectively. Note that in contrast with the previous results, the supply stage was scarcely involved (five documents only); this could be due to the fact that agricultural products can be considered raw materials for industrial processes. Moreover, it could also be expected that KPIs are mostly involved in industries rather than in agricultural contexts. Going into the detail of the FSC stages, the three figures that follow show the distribution of the studies by type of activity for each of the areas, proposed in their logical order. Figure 11 presents the classification for supply. It can immediately be seen that a total of 20 studies have dealt with supply. It should be specified, however, that out of these 20 studies, 5 are classified as supply only, while the remaining 15 are classified as a combination of multiple areas. Specifically, 10 supply + production, and in this case, the product of the supply stage can be considered as the raw material of the production processes; 4 supply + production + distribution, considering a whole FSC; 1 supply + distribution; in this last case, we deal with products of the supply stage that are directly sold without any industrial process. The activities recognized in the 20 documents dealing with the supply stage are the growing, the procurement, the raw material selection and also the combination of these. In other words, this means that KPIs are involved in measuring aspects related to these activities, and this holds true also for the following activities referring to the other SC stages. Figure 10: Paper distribution by FSC areas.