## 1 Introduction
### Research Gaps of Previous Works for Magnetic Field and RF-EMF Assessments  
Research on EMF exposure from electric buses can raise public awareness and help develop necessary precautions, enriching fields such as health, regulation, environment, and technology and serving as a valuable guide for future research efforts. However, previous studies have focused on magnetic or RF-EMF measurements separately without comprehensively assessing both EMFs in electric bus environments. Research has been constrained by small sample sizes or has been limited to specific bus routes, thus restricting the generalizability of findings. Some studies lacked adequate spatial coverage, failing to capture EMF level variations at different bus locations. Similarly, temporal coverage has been insufficient, and variations in EMF levels at different times of the day or operational conditions have been neglected. Previous research has also omitted comparisons of EMF exposure levels between electric buses and conventional diesel or petrol-powered buses, thereby overlooking potential differences in exposure between bus types. Additionally, inadequate consideration has been given to the impact of passenger density on EMF exposure levels, resulting in an oversight of differences in exposure between crowded and empty buses. Finally, the influence of the charging process on B, particularly near critical components like the pantograph, has not been thoroughly investigated.  
In response to the identified research gaps, this study was designed to address the limitations of previous works comprehensively. We took extensive B and RF-EMF measurements across various bus environments in Samsun, Turkey to ensure a holistic assessment of EMF exposure. Our study expanded its spatial coverage by including multiple bus routes across different districts, capturing EMF variations at various bus locations. We also improved temporal coverage by taking measurements at different times of the day, providing a dynamic understanding of EMF levels.  
Our research includes a comparative analysis of EMF exposure between electric buses and conventional diesel-powered buses, highlighting potential differences in exposure levels. We specifically evaluated how passenger density affects EMF exposure, addressing the critical factor of crowding inside buses. Furthermore, the study explored the impact of the charging process, particularly near critical components like the pantograph, on B measurements.  
To strengthen the accuracy of our analysis, we performed Anderson-Darling goodness-of-fit tests for several statistical distributions. This testing aimed to identify the most appropriate distribution models for the measured B and RF-EMF levels. By applying this rigorous method, we ensure that our findings more accurately represent the underlying distribution characteristics of the data, leading to a clearer and more precise understanding of EMF exposure in electric bus environments.  
By explicitly structuring the methodology and results sections to reflect these objectives, this study provides a detailed and holistic assessment of EMF exposure in electric bus environments. The findings offer valuable insights for future research and contribute significantly to public health, transportation safety, and EMF regulation, ensuring a safe and sustainable transition to electric public transportation.