## 1 Introduction  
The Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, situated at the collision zone between the Indian and Eurasian plates, is one of the highest and most geologically active regions on Earth. It features intense topographic relief, diverse geomorphic types, and a complex tectonic framework marked by densely distributed active faults. The region is further shaped by the interaction of monsoonal, non-monsoonal, and westerly atmospheric circulations,resulting in uneven spatiotemporal precipitation, frequent extreme weather events, and a highly fragile ecosystem. Under this complex natural setting, slope-related geological hazards--including collapses, landslides, and debris flows--occur frequently, characterized by sudden onset, spatial discreteness, and cascade evolution processes [1]. From the perspective of regional disaster systems theory, such hazards result from the coupling of the disaster-inducing environment, triggering factors, and disaster-bearing bodies. The disaster-inducing environment provides the geological and geometric foundation for hazard development and acts as the key spatial carrier for the accumulation of controlling conditions. Particularly in Plateau regions, the intricate geomorphic and tectonic settings give rise to highly heterogeneous hazard-inducing environments, with clear spatial variations in dominant controlling mechanisms [2; 3]. Therefore, establishing a zoning system tailored to the Plateau's natural geographic diversity is urgently needed to identify zone-specific dominant factors and support regionally differentiated hazard risk management strategies. In recent years, rapid urbanization and infrastructure expansion across the Plateau have amplified regional disaster risks. Major events such as the 2022 flash flood and debris flow in Datong (Qinghai), the 2023 glacial avalanche and landslide chain disaster in Sedongpu Gully (Tibet), and the 2024 landslide in Zhenxiong (Yunnan) have posed serious threats to local communities [4]. Against the backdrop of climate warming and ongoing tectonic activity, such frequent and abrupt hazard events are increasing. Their occurrence is driven by the coupling of multiple natural and anthropogenic factors, ranging from tectonic fragmentation, geomorphic potential, and hydro-meteorological processes to subsurface heating and thermal field evolution induced by engineering activities [5]. However, the structure and dominant mechanisms of the hazard-inducing environment on the Plateau remain insufficiently understood, which has become a major gap in the implementation of precise disaster prevention and risk control. Although substantial progress has been made in hazard susceptibility mapping and risk identification, most studies focus on predictive modeling based on topographic, geological, and historical hazard information [6; 7]. Others use administrative or natural units to delineate risk zones, enhanced by remote sensing and machine learning techniques [8]. However, these approaches primarily assess risk outcomes and the vulnerability of disaster-bearing bodies [9; 10], often neglecting in-depth investigation into the spatial structure, regional differentiation, and controlling mechanisms of the hazard-inducing environment itself. More recently, a few studies have attempted to construct hazard-environment zoning systems. For example, [PERSON] et al. (2023) developed a zoning model for collapses, landslides, and debris flows, and [PERSON] et al. (2024) proposed a multi-factor coordinated zoning framework for identifying spatial hazard controls on the Plateau [11; 12]. Nonetheless, limitations such as weak adaptability to plateau-scale complexity, insufficient attribution analysis, and limited model interpretability remain, hindering systematic hazard identification under the Plateau's complex geophysical background. To address these challenges, this study focuses on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, analyzing the spatial distribution of collapses, landslides, and debris flows from 2000 to 2020.