# A Comprehensive Review of Mechanisms, Predictive Techniques, and Control Strategies of Rockburst
## 2 Rockburst Definition and Classification
### Rockburst Description
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c} \hline
**Researchers (Year)** & **Rockburst Definition and Its Description** \\ \hline [PERSON] (1965) [24] & Rockburst is an uncontrolled, energy-releasing rock disruption. \\ \hline [PERSON] and [PERSON] (1967) [25] & Rockburst is a sudden, violent explosion of rock from its surroundings caused by stresses exceeding the rock’s strength. \\ \hline U.S. Bureau of Mines, 1968 [26] & When a rock volume is extended beyond its elastic limit, the failure instantly releases accumulated energy. \\ \hline [PERSON] (1972) [27] & Rockburst is a sudden rock failure characterized by the breaking up and expulsion of rock from its surroundings. \\ \hline [PERSON], 1980 [28] & Geologic failures in the excavation area that damage mines \\ \hline Ontario Ministry of Labour, 1983 [29] & An instantaneous rock failure causing an opening to blurt material or a mine to seismic disturbance. \\ \hline Mine Safety and Health Administration, 1984 [30] & A large volume of overstressed rock suddenly fails, releasing accumulated energy. \\ \hline [PERSON] (1988) [31] & Throwing spoilers can be called rockburst only with dynamic ejection phenomena; otherwise, it is a brittle fracture under static conditions. \\ \hline [PERSON] (1988) [32] & It occurs when a rock mass’s accumulated strain energy is suddenly released, causing violent fracturing. \\ \hline [PERSON] (1991) [33] & Rockburst occurs when a hard, complete rock mass that has accumulated a lot of strain energy is excavated, the initial stress exceeds the rock mass’ elastic limit, and the accumulated strain energy is suddenly released, accompanied by loud noises and flying rock fragments. \\ \hline [PERSON] (1992) [34] & An earthquake that injures people or damages underground structures. Rockbursts are violent and sudden. \\ \hline [PERSON] et al. (1993) [35] & A sudden rock failure characterized by the breaking up and expulsion of rock, accompanied by a violent energy release. \\ \hline [PERSON] et al. (1994) [17] & Rockburst is the violent release of rock from a rock mass. \\ \hline [PERSON] et al. (1996) [7] & Rockburst causes mine opening damage. \\ \hline [PERSON] (1997) [23] & Rockburst is a violent release of rock from a rock mass \\ \hline [PERSON] et al. (1999) [36] & When stressed, rockburst is a violent failure in hard (brittle) and massive Class II rocks. \\ \hline [PERSON] and [PERSON] (2002) [37] & Rockburst is a dynamic mechanical phenomenon in which a rock mass or geological structure under high stress or equilibrium state is perturbed by excavation to instantly release stored strain energy, causing part of the surrounding rock to dramatically and fiercely extrude or eject. \\ \hline [PERSON] and [PERSON] (2003) [6] & Rockburst can be regarded as a large or small seismic event. \\ \hline [PERSON] et al. (2007) [38] & Rockburst is a nonlinear phenomenon with instantaneous energy release along rock excavation surfaces. \\ \hline [PERSON] (2009) [39] & Rockburst is the violent failure of highly stressed brittle rocks and the rapid release of accumulated strain energy. \\ \hline [PERSON] (2014) [40] & Deep rock is under in-situ stress and remains elastic, with enough stored elastic energy to break it. If a certain degree of perturbation triggers the stored elastic energy to release and break the rock mass, and the energy required to break the rock mass is greater than the perturbation, then rockburst occurs. \\ \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 1: Developmental timeline of rockburst definitions (1965–2021). There is no universally accepted definition of rockburst, but several viewpoints on the failure phenomenon and mechanisms exist.