# Discovering Trends in the Digitalization of Shipping:
## 4 Analysis
### Supervised Learning  
Figures 13 and 14 and Table 12 provide data on the topics and their corresponding percentages for the years 2016 to 2023 based on our supervised learning approach. Initially, the Global Xpress Satellite Network topic exhibited a declining trend until 2018 but then saw a resurgence, with its mention doubling from 7% in 2019 to 14% in 2023. This fluctuation underscores the changing relevance and adoption of satellite network technologies in the industry. Web sourcing emerged as a significant area of interest, peaking in 2019 with 21% of presentations focusing on this topic. Although there were some variations in subsequent years, the sustained attention indicates a consistent reliance on and interest in web-based solutions within the shipping sector. Cybersecurity's prominence in presentations fluctuated, reaching peaks in 2016 and 2021. This pattern highlights the industry's ongoing and evolving focus on cybersecurity issues, reflecting the sector's response to emerging digital threats. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{l c c c c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Topic** & **2016** & **2017** & **2018** & **2019** & **2020** & **2021** & **2022** & **2023** \\ \hline Global Xpress Satellite Network & 0\% & 8\% & 9\% & 7\% & 0\% & 0\% & 6\% & 14\% \\ \hline Web sourcing & 9\% & 16\% & 9\% & 21\% & 10\% & 8\% & 20\% & 9\% \\ \hline Cyber security & 16\% & 14\% & 8\% & 5\% & 0\% & 17\% & 4\% & 9\% \\ \hline Overcoming software complexity & 2\% & 1\% & 3\% & 1\% & 0\% & 0\% & 0\% & 9\% \\ \hline ECDIS (Electronic Chart Display \& IS) & 4\% & 1\% & 2\% & 0\% & 10\% & 0\% & 4\% & 7\% \\ \hline Ship Energy Efficiency Management Plan & 0\% & 1\% & 1\% & 1\% & 0\% & 0\% & 4\% & 7\% \\ \hline Crew welfare & 2\% & 3\% & 2\% & 3\% & 0\% & 0\% & 8\% & 5\% \\ \hline Voyage data recording & 2\% & 3\% & 1\% & 0\% & 20\% & 0\% & 2\% & 5\% \\ \hline Greenhouse gas & 0\% & 0\% & 0\% & 1\% & 0\% & 0\% & 2\% & 5\% \\ \hline Integrated Software dependent systems & 9\% & 1\% & 1\% & 1\% & 0\% & 0\% & 6\% & 2\% \\ \hline Performance KPI Standardization & 4\% & 3\% & 8\% & 7\% & 10\% & 17\% & 4\% & 2\% \\ \hline Supply Chain management & 2\% & 2\% & 5\% & 3\% & 0\% & 0\% & 4\% & 2\% \\ \hline iPoP—Network Solution for Vessels & 0\% & 2\% & 2\% & 2\% & 0\% & 0\% & 4\% & 2\% \\ \hline ERP Projects & 0\% & 1\% & 1\% & 2\% & 0\% & 0\% & 2\% & 2\% \\ \hline Virtual disaster recovery & 0\% & 0\% & 1\% & 3\% & 0\% & 17\% & 0\% & 2\% \\ \hline Broadband offshore communication & 2\% & 3\% & 4\% & 1\% & 20\% & 0\% & 0\% & 2\% \\ \hline IT convergence & 5\% & 5\% & 4\% & 3\% & 0\% & 0\% & 0\% & 2\% \\ \hline e-learning & 0\% & 4\% & 2\% & 2\% & 0\% & 0\% & 0\% & 2\% \\ \hline NAPA-DSME Power solution & 0\% & 0\% & 1\% & 2\% & 0\% & 0\% & 0\% & 2\% \\ \hline Fuel efficiency & 0\% & 0\% & 0\% & 2\% & 0\% & 0\% & 0\% & 2\% \\ \hline Future of navigation & 0\% & 0\% & 0\% & 1\% & 0\% & 0\% & 0\% & 2\% \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 12: Normalized number of presentations numerical by topic by year. Figure 14: Normalized number of presentations by topic by year of top topics. The topic of overcoming software complexity received modest attention, peaking at 3% in 2018 before experiencing a notable decline. This trend suggests a shift in focus away from software complexity challenges in later years. ECDIS (Electronic Chart Display and Information System) saw a slight uptick in discussions, indicating a growing acknowledgment of its importance in enhancing maritime navigation and safety. The attention to the Ship Energy Efficiency Management Plan gradually increased, illustrating the industry's escalating commitment to energy efficiency as a key component of sustainable shipping practices.