## 1 Introduction  
Governance of mineral assets plays a pivotal role in national resource strategies, environmental regulation, and foreign investment. Yet, the mining industry continues to struggle with fragmented data infrastructure, opaque auditing processes, and centralized control of high-value asset records. As digital transformation accelerates across capital-intensive sectors, blockchain technology has been proposed as a mechanism for decentralization, traceability, and operational transparency in mining operations [1, 2]. A prominent application of blockchain in asset management is tokenization-- the process of digitally representing real-world assets, such as mining licenses or mineral reserves, as on-chain tokens. Recent studies have demonstrated the use of blockchain in mineral supply chains, highlighting its potential to improve traceability, stakeholder accountability, and provenance assurance in sectors like diamond and cobalt mining [3]. However, if such tokenized systems lack fine-grained access control mechanisms, they risk exposing commercially sensitive data and may fail to comply with multi-jurisdictional regulations. Traditional role-based access control models [4] have dominated access governance in enterprise systems, including some blockchain integrations. However, RBAC struggles with the dynamic, contextual nature of access in mining operations--where permissions should depend on factors like license status, regulatory clearance, organizational affiliation, or environmental conditions. In response, the ABAC paradigm [5] has gained attention for its flexibility and expressiveness, yet ABAC has seen limited deployment in industrial blockchain systems due to technical challenges in enforcement and scalability. Motivated by these challenges, this paper presents a blockchain-integrated ABAC framework for tokenized mineral governance. In such regulated environments, access must account for multiple dynamic attributes--such as environmental zones, organizational roles, and jurisdictional mandates--that static RBAC models cannot accommodate [6]. ABAC enables expressive and granular policy enforcement suitable for cross-organizational mining data sharing [7]. To meet the performance, privacy, and compliance demands of the mining sector, we adopt Hyperledger Fabric as the blockchain foundation. Fabric's support for permissioned networks aligns well with the consortium-based structure of mineral governance, offering enhanced identity management, transaction throughput, and confidentiality [8; 9]. While the integration of ABAC with blockchain has been explored in various domains such as healthcare, IoT, and enterprise systems [10; 11], its targeted application to the tokenization and governance of mineral resources remains underexplored. Prior work typically addresses generic access scenarios without accounting for the complex, multi-jurisdictional constraints of mining operations, such as dynamic licensing conditions, environmental compliance, and cross-organizational data exchange. This paper addresses that gap by proposing a domain-specific ABAC framework designed to handle the regulatory, operational, and privacy requirements unique to mineral asset tokenization. This paper contributes a domain-specific, smart contract-driven ABAC system deployed over Hyperledger Fabric, designed for secure, configurable, and traceable access control over tokenized mining assets. Our key innovations lie in tailoring ABAC policy structures to mining-sector realities, including (i) a modular ABAC policy engine that supports context-aware, attribute-rich access rules specific to regulatory zones, organizational roles, and environmental permits; (ii) simulation of realistic mining scenarios using synthetic datasets that model industry actors and compliance conditions; (iii) performance benchmarking against RBAC and generic ABAC implementations, demonstrating superior control precision and latency under mining-relevant conditions; and (iv) verifiable on-chain policy auditing suited to high-compliance industrial settings.