# Humanoid Robots in Tourism and Hospitality--Exploring Managerial, Ethical, and Societal Challenges
## 4 Results and Discussion
### Humanoid Robots and Society  
The humanoid robots in the tourism and hospitality industry, as exemplified by [PERSON], [PERSON], and the humanoid robot staff at Henn-na Hotel, have significant societal implications. These robots not only enhance operational efficiency and customer experience but also influence various aspects of societal structures and cultural practices. In terms of employment and workforce dynamics, robots like [PERSON] at Hilton Hotels, [PERSON] at airports, and the humanoid robot staff at Henn-na Hotel highlight the potential for robots to assume roles traditionally occupied by humans. [PERSON] assists guests with hotel amenities and local attractions, taking over repetitive and customer service-oriented tasks, which could reduce the need for front-line staff and impact low-skilled employment. Similarly, [PERSON]'s advanced navigation and passenger assistance can streamline airport operations, potentially reducing the need for human guides and information desk staff. The extensive use of robots at Henn-na Hotel, particularly in check-in and concierge services, underlines a change in automation in hospitality services, raising concerns about job displacement. However, Henn-na Hotel's experience also revealed that many of these robots were not capable of fulfilling their intended roles effectively. As a result, nearly half of the robot staff, including check-in robots, concierge robots, and bellhop robots, were dismissed \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c} \hline \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**Role/Task**} & **Disembodied AI** & **Autonomous** & **Human-Machine** & **Impact on** \\  & **Features** & **Robot Features** & **Collaboration** & **Customers’** \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{Managers} & Predictive analytics, operational dashboards, real-time monitoring & Robotics for inventory checks, logistics, and facility management & Enhanced strategic decision-making through access to real-time data and insights. & Streamlined operations result in faster service and better issue resolution. \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{Receptionists} & Al chatbots for 24/7 customer inquiries, booking systems & Concierge robots for check-in, luggage handling, and multilingual and communication & Reduced workload for repetitive tasks, focus on personalized guest interactions. & Faster check-ins and multilingual service improve guest satisfaction. \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{Guides} & Virtual tour assistants, AR/VR solutions & Navigation robots for large tourist sites & Combines navigation with AR-based storytelling for immersive experiences. & Enhanced accessibility and engagement for tourists. \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{Bellhops} & Virtual concierge assistants (integration with guest apps) & Robotic luggage handlers & Reduces physical strain on human bellops, freeing them for higher-value guest services. & Improves efficiency and guest convenience during check-in/out. \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{Housekeeping Staff} & AI systems for scheduling and inventory management & Cleaning robots for routine tasks & Increases efficiency, reduces physical demands, and allows staff to focus on detailed room preparation. & Consistent and efficient room \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{Event Planners} & Event management tools & Service robots for assistance during & Enhanced efficiency in managing large-scale events while maintaining a human touch for high-profile client interactions & Creates a seamless experience for attendees while maintaining a human touch for even-related stress. \\ \cline{1-1}  & & & & \\ \cline{1-1}  & & & & \\ \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 2: RAISA Features and Suitability for Tourism and Hospitality Professional Profiles. after failing to meet expectations. This highlights the limitations of automation and underscores the ongoing need for human oversight. While reducing labour costs, these robots demand reskilling programs for displaced workers to transition into new roles such as robot maintenance and AI system management.