## 4 Discussion
(2018) reported similar results in volleyball players, where visual-motor training improved their spike accuracy and performance consistency. _In match conditions, these improvements mean that players are better equipped to deliver decisive attacks under high-pressure situations, such as tie-break points or quick offensive plays, where the reaction time and execution are critical._ Clinically, this underscores the value of NAT in developing the explosive power and hand-eye coordination essential for high-level volleyball while also reducing the risk of overuse injuries through optimized motor control. Upper limb performance, measured through the CKCUET, showed a highly significant increase (\(p\) = 0.002; Cohen's d = 1.152), highlighting the impact of NAT on upper body strength, stability, and coordination. These findings align with [PERSON] et al. (2018), who emphasized that neuroplasticity-focused interventions improve motor control and functional recovery in athletes. [PERSON] and [PERSON] (2018) further highlighted the importance of neuromuscular control in the rehabilitation of the shoulder complex, a critical area for volleyball players, who frequently experience shoulder overuse injuries. The practical implications of this finding are significant for volleyball performance. For instance, improved shoulder stability directly enhances the effectiveness and safety of repetitive actions such as spiking, serving, and blocking, which place substantial stress on the shoulder joint. With better upper limb coordination, players can achieve more precise ball placement during spikes and serves, leading to tactical advantages in matches. The vestibular system's role in facilitating balance and upper body coordination, as described by [PERSON] [8], likely contributed to these results. Clinically, NAT can be integrated into injury prevention and rehabilitation protocols to enhance shoulder stability and reduce the risk of rotator cuff injuries in volleyball athletes, particularly during repetitive high-impact actions like spiking and blocking. For example, players with enhanced upper limb coordination are able to adjust their arm positioning better during mid-air collisions or sudden movements, reducing the likelihood of acute injuries in dynamic match conditions. The lack of significant improvements in the control group highlights the specificity of NAT in targeting the neural components that traditional training often overlooks. [PERSON] et al. [10] emphasized that resistive training alone may not sufficiently address neural pathways, leaving room for innovative approaches like NAT. [PERSON] [31] reported that activating the vestibular system can enhance posterior chain stability, which is critical for maintaining postural control and generating power in volleyball movements. [PERSON] et al. [18] also noted that training programs that neglect neural adaptations may leave athletes more susceptible to fatigue and injury. The practical applications of these findings suggest that NAT not only fills a critical gap in traditional training regimens but also offers a comprehensive approach to performance optimization. For instance, NAT's focus on proprioceptive and sensory-motor integration directly translates into reduced error rates, improved reaction times, and enhanced decision-making in high-stress match environments. This makes NAT a valuable complement to conventional strength and conditioning programs. Despite these promising findings, several limitations should be considered when interpreting these results. First, the relatively small sample size may limit the generalizability of our results, and future studies with larger and more diverse samples are necessary to confirm and extend these findings. Additionally, the cross-sectional nature of this study did not allow us to examine the long-term retention of the performance improvements following NAT.