# Smart Facility Management System Based on Open BIM and Augmented Reality Technology
## 3 Smart FM and Information Exchange Systems  
### Smart FM Work Process  
While virtual reality (VR) allows the user to interact with an immersive and entirely virtual application, AR can present a layer of virtual content over a layer of real-world images captured in real time. The latter can help users improve their performance in many tasks by providing pertinent information about the pictured scenario. VR, AR and mixed reality (MR) are represented by [PERSON] and [PERSON] through a virtuality continuum diagram [34], presented in Figure 2.  
While VR, at the rightmost end, is represented by a fully virtual environment, AR remains closer to the experiences comprising a real environment. Additionally, MR brings the two ends of the continuum together (i.e., reality and virtuality). The three concepts are grouped in the general concept of extended reality (XR), which brings them all together [35]. The smart FMS proposed in this study aims to support the FM crews and managers by introducing AR technology into existing on-site FM tasks. The baseline data for incorporating this new technology is BIM. Analysis of the existing FM work process based on preceding studies and interviews with experts revealed the following sequence: (1) establish an inspection plan; (2) conduct the inspection; (3) inspect the site conditions and identify defective areas; (4) check the maintenance history track record; (5) perform the site inspection through the management company; and (6) approve the execution of maintenance work and its procedure. In this process, a number of simple tasks between facility managers, inspectors and the FM company repeat frequently, which greatly reduces the productivity of FM work. To solve this problem, AR technology is applied to existing FM tasks to propose a process that improves the work sequence and reduces repetition while defining the data required for each task. The proposed process, as shown in Figure 3, is to apply AR technology during the preliminary review, inspection and maintenance work process to support real-time collaboration and information visualization in support of each task. In the proposed process, the data such as drawings, history track record and related documents, which were stored in a scattered manner, are integrated and stored in the BIM data, thus overcoming the limitations due to repetition of simple tasks and inefficient data utilization. To this end, the necessary information for the FM work is processed through the hub-like AR-based smart FM platform, which manages the central facility information database that collects various scattered data and processes them upon request. In this paper, the research was conducted by limiting the scope of the FM work to windows and doors among a building's interior management work. The BIM attribute data or history track record data could be different for each required task within the FM work. In order utilize clearly defined information, which forms the database into AR visualization, it is necessary to refine the FM work scenarios and categorize each work task based on them. Figure 2: Adaptation of the Milgram and Kishino virtuality continuum. First, within the daily or routine inspection scenario, the on-site inspector determines the location of the facility that requires inspection and identifies the AR marker attached to the target inspection space. Through this marker, the existence of the object needing inspection within the target space and the accompanying checklist are visualized, through which the inspector performs visual inspection and takes photo records. In this process, the images captured by the inspector's camera are shared in real time to allow all stakeholders to determine whether there is a defect. If it is determined that there is a defect through the inspection, the historical track record of the company responsible for the installation, warranty and maintenance is visualized and transmitted directly on site to the responsible company with the defective condition.