# Individual Differences in Psychological Stress Associated with Data Breach Experiences
## 3 Results
### Hierarchical Multiple Regression Predicting IES-R Scores
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c} \hline \hline  & \(\mathbf{R}\) & \(\mathbf{R}^{2}\) & \(\mathbf{\Delta R}^{2}\) & \(\mathbf{\Delta F}\) & \(\mathbf{p}\) \\ \hline Model 1 (with DBSI scores) & 0.375 & 0.141 & 0.141 & 17.85 & \textless{}0.001 \\ Model 2 (with gender, sample, age, years of education) & 0.476 & 0.227 & 0.086 & 2.92 & 0.025 \\ Model 3 (with NE, PSWQ, GAD-7 scores) & 0.517 & 0.267 & 0.040 & 1.88 & 0.138 \\ Model 4 (with smartphone use, social media use, browser use) & 0.584 & 0.341 & 0.074 & 3.70 & 0.014 \\ Model 5 (with digital security expertise and post-data & 0.634 & 0.402 & 0.061 & 4.97 & 0.009 \\ \hline \multicolumn{7}{l}{\(R\) and \(R^{2}\) are the values for each model. \(\Delta R^{2}\) is the increase in variance due to the addition of a set of predictors; the associated \(F\) statistic and \(p\)-value are a test of whether the increase in variance explained by the predictors is statistically significant (greater than zero). For Model 1, the predictor was DBSI scores. For Model 2, the additional predictors were gender, sample, age, and years of education. For Model 3, the additional predictors were negative emotionality (NE), PSWQ, and GAD-7 scores. For Model 4, the additional predictors were smartphone use (hours per day), social media use (hours per day), and browser use (hours per day). For Model 5, the additional predictors were digital security expertise and post-data breach security.} \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 10: Summary of hierarchical linear regression analysis for participants with high IES-R scores (>24). \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c} \hline \hline  & \(\mathbf{B}\) & \(\mathbf{SE}\) & \(\mathbf{\beta}\) & \(\mathbf{t}\) & \(\mathbf{p}\) \\ \hline
**Model 1** & & & & & \\ DBSI & 2.633 & 0.623 & 0.375 & 4.23 & \textless{}0.001 \\
**Model 2** & & & & & \\ DBSI & 2.254 & 0.632 & 0.321 & 3.57 & \textless{}0.001 \\ Gender & 4.362 & 2.336 & 0.176 & 1.87 & 0.065 \\ Sample & 3.797 & 3.243 & 0.174 & 1.17 & 0.244 \\ Age & \(-\)0.033 & 0.103 & \(-\)0.043 & 0.32 & 0.751 \\ Years of education & 0.623 & 0.410 & 0.139 & 1.52 & 0.132 \\
**Model 3** & & & & & \\ DBSI & 2.479 & 0.632 & 0.353 & 3.92 & \textless{}0.001 \\ Gender & 3.973 & 2.320 & 0.160 & 1.71 & 0.090 \\ Sample & 3.158 & 3.252 & 0.145 & 0.97 & 0.334 \\ Age & \(-\)0.022 & 0.103 & \(-\)0.029 & 0.21 & 0.834 \\ Years of education & 0.616 & 0.406 & 0.137 & 1.52 & 0.132 \\ Negative emotionality & 0.145 & 0.227 & 0.057 & 0.64 & 0.523 \\ PSWQ score & 0.124 & 0.193 & 0.083 & 0.64 & 0.522 \\ GAD-7 score & 0.263 & 0.255 & 0.129 & 1.03 & 0.306 \\
**Model 4** & & & & & \\ DBSI & 2.428 & 0.610 & 0.346 & 3.98 & \textless{}0.001 \\ Gender & 4.142 & 2.280 & 0.167 & 1.82 & 0.072 \\ Sample & 0.443 & 3.261 & 0.020 & 0.14 & 0.892 \\ Age & \(-\)0.002 & 0.100 & \(-\)0.003 & 0.02 & 0.982 \\ Years of education & 0.537 & 0.396 & 0.120 & 1.36 & 0.178 \\ Negative emotionality & 0.047 & 0.222 & 0.019 & 0.21 & 0.832 \\ PSWQ score & 0.295 & 0.193 & 0.196 & 1.53 & 0.129 \\ GAD-7 score & 0.086 & 0.254 & 0.042 & 0.34 & 0.735 \\ Smartphone use & 1.016 & 1.211 & 0.086 & 0.84 & 0.403 \\ Social media use & 3.900 & 1.517 & 0.266 & 2.57 & 0.012 \\ Browser use & \(-\)0.967 & 1.044 & \(-\)0.081 & 0.93 & 0.357 \\
**Model 5** & & & & & \\ DBSI & 2.185 & 0.598 & 0.311 & 3.65 & \textless{}0.001 \\ Gender & 3.065 & 2.250 & 0.123 & 1.36 & 0.176 \\ Sample & 0.329 & 3.149 & 0.015 & 0.11 & 0.917 \\ Age & 0.012 & 0.098 & 0.016 & 0.12 & 0.905 \\ Years of education & 0.522 & 0.382 & 0.116 & 1.37 & 0.175 \\ Negative emotionality & 0.007 & 0.214 & 0.003 & 0.03 & 0.975 \\ PSWQ score & 0.371 & 0.188 & 0.246 & 1.97 & 0.051 \\ GAD-7 score & 0.031 & 0.246 & 0.015 & 0.13 & 0.900 \\ Smartphone use & 1.009 & 1.168 & 0.085 & 0.86 & 0.390 \\ Social media use & 4.225 & 1.464 & 0.288 & 2.89 & 0.005 \\ Browser use & \(-\)0.740 & 1.009 & \(-\)0.062 & 0.73 & 0.465 \\ Digital security expertise & \(-\)2.108 & 0.892 & \(-\)0.212 & 2.36 & 0.020 \\ \hline Post-data breach security & \(-\)0.150 & 0.142 & \(-\)0.091 & 1.05 & 0.295 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}