# Advancements in Semi-Active Automotive Suspension Systems with Magnetroheological Dampers: A Review
## 5 The Practical Applications of the MR Semi-Active Suspensions  
In 1999, the Lord Corporation and Delphi Corporation collaborated to pioneer the MagneRide system, a semi-active suspension technology utilizing MRD. This groundbreaking initiative marked MRD's inaugural application in semi-active suspensions. In 2002, the MagneRide suspension system was first implemented in the Cadillac Seville STS model. Following its outstanding performance in this vehicle, it immediately captured the interest of leading performance car manufacturers. As technology evolved, the MagneRide system became widely integrated into numerous high-end vehicle models, catalyzing significant advancements in automotive suspension systems. Empirical findings underscored that vehicles equipped with the MagneRide system not only enhanced driving stability but also elevated ride comfort while substantially diminishing vehicle vibrations, thereby solidifying the reliability of MRD. The successful trials of MRD in semi-active vehicle suspensions have ushered in a new era for semi-active suspension systems. Furthermore, these trials have spurredongoing improvements in MRD for vehicle damping, hastening advancements in the contemporary high-end automotive industry. Figure 16 illustrates the implementation of MRD in prominent high-end vehicles in an annalistic style as of 2024. From Figure 16, several important milestones (highlighted in red) can be discerned: in 2002, MagneRide made its first integration into a production vehicle; in 2006, it was adopted by the first non-General Motors vehicle; 2007 saw its debut in a full-size luxury SUV; in 2012, it was first employed in an off-reader; 2015 marked Ford's initial introduction of it in the Mustang series; and in 2021, it was first implemented in an electric vehicle. From the vehicle history depicted in Figure 16, it can be inferred that the application of MagneRide in automobiles exhibits the following characteristics:  
1. Inheritance: The MagneRide has been consistently applied in several vehicle models. For instance, from the Corvette C5 to C8, this technology has undergone continuous refinement aimed at improving vehicle performance and comfort. Similarly, several Ferrari models such as the 458 Italia and F12 Berlinetta also incorporate MagneRide, highlighting the ongoing evolution of this technology within high-performance sports cars. Since its initial integration, Cadillac has likewise maintained the use of this technology across various models, demonstrating its sustained application in the luxury sedan segment. 2. Versatility: Initially, MagneRide was predominantly used in sports cars and luxury sedans. Through advancements in sealing, structure, and control in its third-generation system, MagneRide has expanded its application to a wide range of vehicle types including SUVs, pickups, and off-road vehicles. Such widespread adoption ensures optimal handling and comfort whether during high-speed cruising, performance driving, or traversing challenging terrains. 3. Scalability: The application of MagneRide has progressively broadened beyond its initial high-performance vehicle models (e.g., from the 2008 Suburban LTZ and Tahoe LTZ to the 2021 Suburban and Tahoe). Originally implemented in high-performance sports cars and luxury sedans like Ferrari and Cadillac, MagneRide has in recent years found integration into mainstream vehicle models. This integration underscores a notable trend of downward compatibility and the widespread adoption of this advanced technology. 4. Electrification: MagneRide technology has adeptly responded to the evolution of automotive energy forms, shifting progressively from conventional fuel-powered  
Figure 16: The implementation of MRD in production vehicles. vehicles to electric vehicles. The inclusion of MagneRide in models like the Ford Mustang Mach-E GT signifies a pivotal milestone in its successful integration and implementation within the electric vehicle sector.