# Enhancing Smart Agriculture by Implementing Digital Twins: A Comprehensive Review
## 4 Reviewing DT Applications in Agriculture and Farming Domain
### The First Categorization of Researched Literature, According to the Main Research Objectives  
Based on the breakdown of the 26 papers concerning the DT application domains and target applications related to smart farming as a subset of smart agriculture or agriculture 4.0, highlighting the case studies, we gathered a set of related concepts in Table 2. If a relevant text was found, the \"\(\surd\)\" symbol is included in the cells; otherwise, if not clearly or at all stated, the \"-\" symbol is used. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Citation** & **Type of** & **Case Study** & **Smart Farming** & **DT Case** & \begin{tabular}{c} **Application** \\ **Domains** \\ \end{tabular}  & **Target Applications** \\ \hline
[28] & Journal Article & \(\surd\) & \(\surd\) & \(\surd\) & Agriculture, farming & Precision irrigation \\ \hline
[73] & Journal Article & \(\surd\) & \(\surd\) & \(\surd\) & Agriculture, farming & Precision irrigation \\  & & & & & & for water saving \\ \hline  
Figure 9: Crucial concepts. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c c} \hline
**Citation** & **Type of** & **Case Study** & **Smart Farming** & **DT Case** & **Application Domains** & **Target Applications** \\ \hline
[76] & Book & \(\surd\) & \(\surd\) & \(\surd\) & Precision farming, management & DT development stages and forecasting plant yield \\ \hline
[77] & Journal Article & \(\surd\) & \(\surd\) & - & Automated irrigation via soil water monitoring & Greenhouses, vertical \\ \hline
[78] & Systematic Review & - & - & \(\surd\) & Monitoring, modelling, and forecasting & Geoscientific software \& code repository \\ \hline
[79] & Journal Article & \(\surd\) & \(\surd\) & \(\surd\) & Smart farming & High-tech data-driven greenhouses \\ \hline
[80] & Conference Paper & \(\surd\) & \(\surd\) & \(\surd\) & Sustainable agriculture 4.0, vertical arming & DT cultivating model in sustainable agriculture \\ \hline
[81] & Journal Article & \(\surd\) & \(\surd\) & \(\surd\) & Vertical farming-greenhouses and bioeconomy & DT requirements for vertical farms \\ \hline
[82] & Journal Article & \(\surd\) & \(\surd\) & \(\surd\) & DT of greenhouse production flow, energy-efficient & DT for greenhouse production process (WP4) \\ \hline
[64] & Journal Article & \(\surd\) & - & \(\surd\) & DTs in agriculture & A digital modelling approach to the food process \\ \hline
[27] & Review Paper & - & \(\surd\) & \(\surd\) & DT adoption in agriculture & Data acquisition for automatically controlled actuator \\  & & & & & & \\  & & & & & & \\  & & & & & & \\ \hline
[9] & Review Paper & - & \(\surd\) & - & Digital technologies and techniques in agricultural contexts—food post-harvest processing in the agricultural field & A general framework of digital twins in farm machinery \\ \hline
[9] & Review Paper & Descriptive & - & Model & Digital representation of grain and inventory quality in agriculture & Agriculture supply chain management \\ \hline
[83] & Review Paper & - & \(\surd\) & - & Controlled farming environment & Monitoring activities of typestock, optimization of crops, reduction of emissions to air, soil, and water \\ \hline
[63] & Review Paper & - & \(\surd\) & - & Agriculture, farming, crops, livestock & New farming methods supported by the DT \\ \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 2: _Cont._In a total of 26 reviewed articles, 3 were relevant case study conference papers, one was a published scientific book, 9 were journal articles, and 12 were review papers. To visually assist in the analysis of the presented information in Table 2 regarding the type of reviewed literature, Figure 10 presents these types in graphical mode.