## 4 Discussion
The results showed that the methanolic leaf extract was nontoxic as it did not exhibit any abnormal behavioral changes, and the mortality rate depicted was zero at the limit doses of 72 mg, 78 mg, and 82 mg/kg b.wt. The same efforts were made by [PERSON] et al. [75] to evaluate the toxicity of _Galenia africana_ by performing oral acute toxicity at single-dose administration of 300 and 2000 mg/kg b.wt., which was determined as nontoxic and nonlethal at the mentioned doses. Eventually, the leaves of _Pericampylus glaucus_ were also tested for toxicity and showed no behavioral changes, other symptoms, or mortality at 2000 and 4000 mg/kg b.wt. [76]. The _C. simplicifolia_ methanolic leaf extract in vivo hepatotoxicity ability triggered by paracetamol in Wistar albino rats was evaluated in the present work. An exceeded dose of paracetamol can cause the activation of highly reactive NAPQI, which causes damage to macromolecules as a result of an increased ratio of lipid peroxidation that damages the liver, indicating cellular necrosis; this accelerates overproduction of blood biochemical markers like AST, ALT, and ALP [77]. In the current study, the level of biochemical indicators was found to be high in PC-treated rats compared with the normal group rats. While the methanolic extract of _C. simplicifolia_ leaves at low (50 mg/kg b.wt.) and high (100 mg/kg b.wt.) doses manifested a potential attenuation of serum blood biochemical markers such as AST, ALT, and ALP, in addition to this, a reduction in total bilirubin and cholesterol level was also observed in comparison with the normal group rats. Injury to cellular macromolecules in the liver promotes NAPQI to alkylate and oxidize intracellular GSH and thiol groups of protein, leading to a reduction in the GSH pool and rapid elevation of LPO and liver damage [78]. In vivo antioxidant ability of the liver was investigated, and the GSH level of PC-treated rats was found to be decreased, while low (50 mg/kg b.wt.) and high (100 mg/kg b.wt.) doses of the methanolic extract of _C. simplicifolia_ leaves illustrated the significant activity of GSH, CAT, and SOD with an indicative dropdown in LPO activity. Precisely, this finding gives remarkable evidence for _C. simplicifolia_ hepatoprotective activity that can be compared to the earlier investigation of artichoke leaf extract hepatotoxicity activity induced by acetaminophen, which was reported to exhibit novel action on the reduction in ALT, AST, and ALP along with malondialdehydedehyde (MDA) and glutathione reductase reduction [79]. A study conducted by [PERSON] et al. [80] for paracetamol-induced in vivo hepatoprotective activity of _Certonia siliqua_ pulp flour extract enumerated a notable decrease in the level of AST, ALT, and ALP followed by suppression of the MDA level. In addition, an increase in superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and glutathione S-transferase enzyme levels was reported. Similarly, [PERSON] et al. [81] and [PERSON] et al. [82] investigated the hepatotoxicityore property against paracetamol of _Dicara-nopteris linearis_ leaf extract, and _Amona murata_ fruit pulp lyophilized powder was noteworthy. The current investigation identified the substantial medicinal potentiality of the immense integrant compounds of _C. simplicifolia_ leaves. This study provides a scientific base for _C. simplicifolia_ leaf deliberation of essential active phytochemicals and identifies the novel hepatotoxicityore property against paracetamol. The defined prevention of paracetamol hepatotoxicityosity with methanolic leaf extract could be indexed to the detected volatile compounds, namely, undecane, Neophytadiene, _n_-Hexadecanoic acid, and phytol, wherein these molecules were screened to show hepatotoxicityore, antidiabetic, immunostimulatory, anti-coronary, hypycholesterolic, antinociceptive, diuretic, anti-inflammatory, and some other activities.