###### Abstract  
Creal crops play a critical role in global food security, but their productivity is increasingly threatened by climate change. This study evaluates the feasibility of using PlanetScope satellite imagery and a UAV equipped with the MicaSense RedEdge multispectral imaging sensor in monitoring winter wheat under various fertilizer treatments in a Mediterranean climate. Eleven fertilizer treatments, including organic-mineral fertilizer (OMF) pellets, were tested. The results show that conventional inorganic fertilization provided the highest yield (8618 kg ha\({}^{-1}\)), while yields from OMF showed a comparable performance to traditional fertilizers, indicating their potential for sustainable agriculture. PlanetScope data demonstrated moderate accuracy in predicting canopy over (R\({}^{2}\) = 0.68), crop yield (R\({}^{2}\) = 0.54), and grain quality parameters such as protein content (R\({}^{2}\) = 0.49), starch (R\({}^{2}\) = 0.56), and hecoliter weight (R\({}^{2}\) = 0.51). However, its coarser resolution limited its ability to capture finer treatment-induced variability. MicaSense, despite its higher spatial resolution, performed poorly in predicting crop components, with R\({}^{2}\) values below 0.35 for yield and protein content. This study highlights the complementary use of remote sensing technologies to optimize wheat management and support climate-resilient agriculture through the integration of sustainable fertilization strategies. remote sensing; satellite; UAV; organo-mineral fertilization; extensive crops; vegetation monitoring; phenology; yield prediction 202416474[[https://doi.org/10.3390/rs1623447416474](https://doi.org/10.3390/rs1623447416474)]([https://doi.org/10.3390/rs1623447416474](https://doi.org/10.3390/rs1623447416474))  
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such as the fraction of green vegetation cover (fCover), yield prediction, or protein content quantification can provide valuable insights into the wheat status and performance [10; 11; 12; 13]. By evaluating these parameters, it is possible to understand how the wheat is progressing, allowing for the selection of optimal treatment and fertilization strategies where necessary. This proactive approach ensures timely and effective interventions, ultimately improving yield and quality. Fertilizers enable 50% of food production and contribute to food security in the EU. The amount of mineral fertilizers, including nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P), used in EU agricultural production was 11.2 Mt in 2020 [14]. Agricultural activities generate a quantity of non-productive biomass that can be used for bioenergy production and the fertilization of agricultural soils. The recycling of solid organic waste is currently a priority issue in the EU policy framework. A feasible technique to obtain secondary products from the waste generated is composting, which allows obtaining a stabilized and mature material with fertilizing power, improving the physical, chemical, and biological properties of the soil [15], and providing the soil with a suppressive capacity against certain pathogens as it stimulates the soil microbiota [16]. Regardless of the benefits of compost, it has some limitations for storage and transport due to its low density and the emission of dust and possible inhalation of volatile organic compounds during application [17]. The pelletization process consists of the mechanical compression of the biomass, thus increasing the density of the compost and facilitating both the storage and transport of this biofertilizer, making it a feasible solution to address the problems described above [18]. Therefore, the development of advanced organic fertilizers is necessary, as they contribute to both fertilization and carbon C sequestration in the soil [19; 20] and, indirectly, to the reduction of greenhouse gases (GHG) emissions by relying less on energy processes and having a slower nutrient release.