## 5 Conclusions  
The present investigation was conducted to determine the applicability of the current thermal model COMFA for assessing the outdoor thermal comfort of space in the Mediterranean climate of Seville, Spain. Microclimate parameters monitoring was carried out to gather local data as inputs of the COMFA model. In parallel with its application, field surveys were conducted during 2021 and then compared to the model predictions. The results of this work prove, with respect to the published material, that the band of neutrality in comfort can be considered higher. The surveys carried out to demonstrate that up to values of 70-80 W/m\({}^{2}\), people accustomed to hot climates think they are fine. Even values up to 90 W/m\({}^{2}\) are acceptable for transit areas when the length of stay in that space is less than 10 min. These results are in line with the proposal of other authors and allow us to conclude that the thermal resilience of people would extend the range of neutrality in comfort to almost 100 W/m\({}^{2}\). Moreover, the following conclusions have been drawn:  
* According to the thermal comfort model, COMFA almost all the study area in the School is uncomfortable from 12 h to 19 h in October. However, objective estimations say the opposite. It is due to the effect of solar radiation. COMFA model requires to be improved to evaluate the urban situation without solar protection. * Radiation strongly influences human thermal comfort: while surfaces in the shade are hot, according to the COMFA model, surfaces in the sun are very hot during the survey period. * The majority of the children had thermal sensations between comfortable to hot during not summer months, such as October, April, or May, during the first hours of the day or when solar radiation is blocked. * In hot climates such as the Mediterranean, only 65% of the model's predictions are accurate, and of the erroneous predictions, more than 45% tend to overestimate the thermal sensation of people. * This is necessary to calibrate the thermal model comfort COMFA for an outdoor space in the Mediterranean climate, such as in Seville, Spain. This study will be helpful for other researchers even with the following limitations and future research lines. First, improving the thermal characterization of radiant exchange would be necessary. [PERSON] et al. [60] demonstrated that the estimation of ISO 7726:1998 generates an error greater than 0.5 \({}^{\circ}\)C in evaluating the thermal conform in interior space, which can suppose a high error in outdoor conditions. So, it will be a future research line to continue this investigation. Second, the results have been obtained for a single climatic zone and some citizens with identical physical activity. It would be interesting to expand the climatic stages of the study and analyze the effect of the activity developed. This line of work will allow obtaining the functional dependencies of the new ranges of comfort neutrality. Third, the surveys have been carried out punctually during periods. In some cases, it has been repeated to the same user. It would be necessary to expand the study space to bus stops, playgrounds, and squares, all spaces that are repeated in cities. Moreover, repeat these surveys in periods longer than an hour to know if people's opinion is modified with the time of residence in space. The proposed methodology is easily replicable. Other authors can adapt the same COMFA comfort indicator or even another to their case and conduct a large number of surveys. To this end, the proposed work provides sufficient detail to guarantee this replicability. Finally, this work complements the published literature. It verifies the COMFA model, which is highly referenced and used in the literature. However, there is not this validation in a hot climate and with a citizeny accustomed to this heat. The thermal resilience of citizens in these extreme climates is demonstrated.