# LoRa 2.4 GHz Communication Link and Range
## 7 Conclusions  
With the move from sub-GHz frequency bands to the globally available 2.4 GHz ISM band, hardware manufacturers are able to design a uniform LoRa chipset which functions independently of the region of deployment. However, as a consequence of moving to a higher frequency, the range of LoRa is reduced when compared to the sub-GHz range of several kilometers. In this paper, we first provide an overview of LoRa operating in the 2.4 GHz band. By calculating the link budget of a chipset operating in this band, the range of a LoRa modulated signal is estimated in a free space and in indoor and outdoor scenarios. When compared to other technologies operating in the 2.4 GHz band, LoRa outperforms them in terms of communication range, due to the configurable SF and bandwidth. Thus, when configuring a LoRa channel at 2.4 GHz, a trade-off between range and data rate should be taken into account. Moreover, this trade-off leads to more flexible applications, such as the localization of assets in a private LoRaWAN network, which will be investigated in future work. The presented work was carried out in collaboration with all of the authors. Conceptualization, M.W. ; methodology, T.J. and M.W. ; software, T.J. and N.B. ; validation, M.A. ; investigation, T.J. and N.B. ; writing--original draft preparation, T.J., N.B. and M.A. ; writing--review and editing, R.B. and M.W. ; visualization, T.J., N.B. and R.B. ; supervision, R.B. and M.W. ; All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript. [PERSON] is funded by the Fund For Scientific Research (FWO) Flanders under grant number IS03821N. Part of this research has received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under grant agreement No 769267 (PortForward project). The authors declare no conflict of interest. [PERSON]; [PERSON] LoRa-based Localization System for Emergency Services in GPS-less Environments. In Proceedings of the INFOCOM 2019--IEEE Conference on Computer Communications Workshops (INFOCOM WKSHPS), Paris, France, 29 April-2 May 2019; pp. 939-944. [CrossRef]
* [3] [PERSON]; [PERSON]; [PERSON]; [PERSON] Low-Power Wide-Area Networks: Design Goals, Architecture, Suitability to Use Cases and Research Challenges. _IEEE Access_**2020**, \(8\), 17179-17220. [CrossRef]
* [4] [PERSON]; [PERSON] LoRaFarM: A LoRaWAN-Based Smart Farming Modular IoT Architecture. _Sensors_**2020**. [CrossRef]
* [5] Semtech. Semtech SX128x Long Range Datasheet. 2019. Available online: [[https://semtech.my.salesforce.com/sfc/p/#E0000000](https://semtech.my.salesforce.com/sfc/p/#E0000000) JeIG/a/2R000000 HVET/HfcgiChyabtiPTh6 EjcDM6 ZEwAOQV7 IrEmRULgggMM]([https://semtech.my.salesforce.com/sfc/p/#E0000000](https://semtech.my.salesforce.com/sfc/p/#E0000000) JeIG/a/2R000000 HVET/HfcgiChyabtiPTh6 EjcDM6 ZEwAOQV7 IrEmRULgggMM) (accessed on 26 May 2020). * [6] [PERSON]; [PERSON]; [PERSON] [PERSON]; [PERSON]; [PERSON]; [PERSON]; [PERSON] Combining TDoA and AoA with a Particle Filter in an Outdoor LoRaWAN Network. In Proceedings of the IEEE/ION PLANSx Position, Location and Navigation Symposium (PLANS), Portland, OR, USA, 20-23 April 2020; IEEE: St-Louis, MO, USA, 2020. * [7] [PERSON]; [PERSON]; [PERSON]; [PERSON] A Study of LoRa: Long Range & Low Power Networks for the Internet of Things. _Sensors_**2016**, _16_, 1466. [CrossRef]
* [8] [PERSON]; [PERSON]; [PERSON]; [PERSON]; [PERSON] Internet of Mobile Things: Overview of LoRaWAN, DASH7, and NB-IoT in LPWANs standards and Supported Mobility. _IEEE Commun. Surv. Tutorials_**2019**, _21_, 1561-1581. [CrossRef]
* [9] [PERSON]; [PERSON]; [PERSON] [PERSON] Low Complexity LoRa Frame Synchronization for Ultra-Low Power Software-Defined Radios. _IEEE Trans. Commun._**2020**, _68_, 3140-3152. [CrossRef]
* [10] [PERSON] [PERSON]; [PERSON]; [PERSON]; [PERSON]; [PERSON]; [PERSON] [PERSON]; [PERSON] [PERSON] LoRaWAN Range Extender for Industrial IoT. _IEEE Trans. Ind. Informatics_**2020**, _16_, 5607-5616.