## 3 Results
### The IGBP Mixture Regulated the Protein Expression Levels Related to GLUT4 Signaling in Adipocytes  
The results of the protein expression level measurements related to GLUT4 signaling in the lipogenesis mechanism are shown in Figure 3. The p-IRS1/IRS1 ratio significantly increased in the IGBP 2:1 50, 100, and 200 \(\upmu\)g/mL groups (0.51 \(\pm\) 0.08, 0.63 \(\pm\) 0.18, and 0.86 \(\pm\) 0.05, respectively) in a dose-dependent manner compared to that of the C group (0.26 \(\pm\) 0.05) (Figure 3A). The p-PI3K/PI3K ratio also significantly increased in the IGBP 2:1 50, 100, and 200 \(\upmu\)g/mL groups (1.06 \(\pm\) 0.07, 1.47 \(\pm\) 0.10, and 4.31 \(\pm\) 0.23, respectively) in a dose-dependent manner relative to that of the C group (0.26 \(\pm\) 0.01) (Figure 3B). In addition, the p-AKT/AKT ratio significantly increased in the IGBP 2:1 50, 100, and 200 \(\upmu\)g/mL groups (2.37 \(\pm\) 0.40, 3.47 \(\pm\) 0.03, and 6.69 \(\pm\) 1.30, respectively) in a dose-dependent manner compared to that of the C group (1.21 \(\pm\) 0.28) (Figure 3C). Finally, the GLUT4 expression significantly increased in the IGBP 2:1 100 and 200 \(\upmu\)g/mL groups (0.33 \(\pm\) 0.04 and 0.38 \(\pm\) 0.03, respectively) in a dose-dependent manner compared to that of the C group (0.11 \(\pm\) 0.00) (Figure 3D).  
The IGBP Mixture Regulated the Protein Expression Levels Related to Lipogenesis Mechanism in Adipocytes  
The results of the protein expression level measurements related to the lipogenesis mechanism are shown in Figure 4. The p-AMPK/AMPK ratio significantly increased in the IGBP 2:1 200 \(\upmu\)g/mL group (4.38 \(\pm\) 0.77) compared to that of the C group (0.88 \(\pm\) 0.08) (Figure 4A). Conversely, the SREBP1c  
Figure 3: Effects of the IGBP 2:1 mixture on GLUT4 signaling-related proteins in 3T3-L1 adipocytes: (**A**) p-IRS1/IRS expression ratio, (**B**) p-PI3K/PI3K expression ratio, (**C**) p-AKT/AKT expression ratio, and (**D**) GLUT4 expression. NC, normal control; C, differentiated control; Met, metformin 1 mM; IG200, IG 200 \(\upmu\)g/mL; BP200, BP 200 \(\upmu\)g/mL; IGBP 2:1 (50, 100, or 200 \(\upmu\)g/mL). The resulting values are shown as mean \(\pm\) standard deviation (SD; \(n\) = 3), and the different superscript letters (alphabet) indicate significance at \(p<0.05\).  
expression significantly decreased in the IGBP 2:1 50, 100, and 200 \(\upmu\)g/mL groups (0.46 \(\pm\) 0.01, 0.37 \(\pm\) 0.02, and 0.22 \(\pm\) 0.03, respectively) in a dose-dependent manner relative to that of the C group (2.22 \(\pm\) 0.02) (Figure 4B). The p-ACC/ACC ratio significantly increased in the IGBP 2:1 50, 100, and 200 \(\upmu\)g/mL groups (2.03 \(\pm\) 0.54, 1.38 \(\pm\) 0.21, and 5.12 \(\pm\) 0.83, respectively) compared to that of the C group (0.20 \(\pm\) 0.02) (Figure 4C). The FAS expression level significantly decreased in the IGBP 2:1 50, 100, and 200 \(\upmu\)g/mL groups (0.17 \(\pm\) 0.02, 0.12 \(\pm\) 0.03, and 0.11 \(\pm\) 0.03, respectively) in a dose-dependent manner relative to that of the C group (0.47 \(\pm\) 0.01) (Figure 4D). Finally, the LPL expression significantly decreased in the IGBP 2:1 50, 100, and 200 \(\upmu\)g/mL groups (0.27 \(\pm\) 0.03, 0.21 \(\pm\) 0.02, and 0.14 \(\pm\) 0.02, respectively) in a dose-dependent manner compared to that of the C group (0.99 \(\pm\) 0.00) (Figure 4E).