## 3 Results
### The Spatial Distribution of MODEI  
To further explore the spatial distribution characteristics of the MODEL in 2008 and 2018, the MODEI was classified into five levels at intervals of 0.2 [23], including high (0.8-1), good (0.6-0.8), moderate (0.4-0.6), poor (0.2-0.4), and bad (0-0.2). The ecological quality of Fuyun County presented a spatial pattern of \"excellent in the north and poor in the south\" (Figure 2). Among them, the areas of poor and bad levels were 16,208.56 km\({}^{2}\) and 15,834.62 km\({}^{2}\), accounting for 67.15% and 65.60% of the total area in 2008 and 2018, respectively (Table 4), indicating that most of the study area belonged to the ecologically fragile region. The area at the moderate level was 3343.37 km\({}^{2}\) and 2795.152 km\({}^{2}\), accounting for 13.85% and 11.58% of the total area. In 2008 and 2018, a total of 4586.898 km\({}^{2}\) and 5509.227 km\({}^{2}\) were at the good or high level of the MODEI, accounting for 19% and 22.82% of the study area (Table 4). In terms of spatial distribution, the areas with excellent ecological quality were concentrated in the summer pastures at higher elevations and on both sides of the Irtysh River and the Ulungur River (Figure 2). The mean values of the MODEI in summer pastures were 0.59 and 0.62 in 2008 and 2018, respectively, showing an upward trend. However, the mean values of the MODEI of spring and autumn pastures and winter pastures were low and basically remained unchanged. In 2008, the mean values of the MODEI in spring and autumn pastures and winter pastures were 0.18 and 0.09, respectively; in 2018, the mean values of the MODEI in spring and autumn pastures and winter pastures were 0.19 and 0.09, respectively (Table 5). \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c} \hline \hline  & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**2008**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**2018**} \\ \cline{2-5}
**Level** & **Area (km\({}^{2}\))** & **\%** & **Area (km\({}^{2}\))** & **\%** \\ \hline Bad (0–0.2) & 12906.14 & 53.47 & 12750.58 & 52.82 \\ Poor (0.2–0.4) & 3302.422 & 13.68 & 3084.042 & 12.78 \\ Moderate (0.4–0.6) & 3343.37 & 13.85 & 2795.152 & 11.58 \\ Good (0.6–0.8) & 4166.77 & 17.26 & 4338.041 & 17.97 \\ High (0.8–1.0) & 420.1287 & 1.74 & 1171.186 & 4.85 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 4: Area and proportion of MODEI level in 2008 and 2018. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c c c} \hline \hline  & \multicolumn{4}{c}{**2008**} & \multicolumn{4}{c}{**2018**} \\ \cline{2-9}
**Indicator** & **Minimum** & **Maximum** & **Mean** & **Standard** & **Minimum** & **Maximum** & **Mean** & **Standard** \\ \hline GPP & 0 & 36.4 & 8.472 & 6.863 & 0 & 45.6 & 11.231 & 9.007 \\ FVC & 0 & 1 & 0.311 & 0.288 & 0 & 1 & 0.245 & 0.313 \\ LAI & 0 & 2.2 & 0.303 & 0.274 & 0 & 3.7 & 0.419 & 0.414 \\ WET & 0.005 & 0.582 & 0.231 & 0.081 & 0.006 & 0.68 & 0.255 & 0.093 \\ LST & 6.17 & 47.13 & 33.716 & 8.251 & 6.769 & 47.01 & 33.219 & 8.516 \\ MODEI & 0 & 1 & 0.292 & 0.254 & 0 & 1 & 0.303 & 0.278 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular} Note: GPP: gross primary productivity; FVC: fractional vegetation coverage; LAI: leaf area index; WET: wetness; LST: land surface temperature; MODEI: MODIS data-based ecological index.  
\end{table} 
Table 3: MODEI and related indicator values of 2008 and 2018. In order to better characterize the spatial differentiation characteristics of ecological environmental quality, a 3 km \(\times\) 3 km grid was used to resample the spatial images of the MODEL in the study area in 2008 and 2018, and 2248 grids were obtained, respectively, which were used to further describe the spatial agglomeration characteristics of regional ecological quality. Figure 3 shows Moran scatter plots of the MODEL in Fuyun County in 2008 and 2018. The points in the four quadrants of the Moran's I scatter plot, respectively, represent four different types of spatial connections formed between a certain area and the surrounding area.