# Effects of an Adapted Sports Intervention on Elderly Women in Need of Long-Term Care: A Pilot Study
## 3 Results
### Baseline Characteristics  
Table 1 shows the baseline characteristics of the participants. The TMGI-IC score of the NLTC group (9.2 \(\pm\) 3.7) was significantly lower than that of the healthy group (12.6 \(\pm\) 0.7) (\(p\) < 0.05). A significant difference in the certification of needed long-term care or support levels was observed between the groups. Specifically, the scores of the NLTC group were low in social role (\(p\) < 0.05). Furthermore, the results of bone mineral density testing showed no osteoporosis, but seven out of the ten participants in the NLTC group  
and six out of the ten participants in the healthy group fell within the range indicating osteopenia. Additionally, the household composition in the control group were similar, but the LSNS-6 score was significantly lower in the NLTC group (\(p<0.001\)). The mean LSNS-6 score for the NLTC group was 11.3 \(\pm\) 5.4, with four participants below the cutoff score for social isolation.  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Variables** & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**NLTC Group**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Healthy Group**} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{**\(p\) Value**} \\  & **(\(\mathbf{\mathbf{\mathbf{\mathbf{\mathbf{\mathbf{\mathbf{\mathbf{\mathbf{\mathbf{\mathbf{\mathbf{\mathbf{\mathbf{\mathbf{\mathbf{\mathbf{\mathbf{\mathbf{\mathbf{\mathbf{    }}}}}}}}}}}}}}\) ) & **(\(\mathbf{\mathbf{\mathbf{\mathbf{\mathbf{\mathbf{\mathbf{\mathbf{\mathbf{\mathbf{\mathbf{\mathbf{\mathbf{\mathbf{\mathbf{\mathbf{\mathbf{\mathbf{\mathbf{\mathbf{\mathbf{   }}}}}}}}}}}}}}}\) )**} & **(\(\mathbf{\mathbf{\mathbf{\mathbf{\mathbf{\mathbf{\mathbf{\mathbf{\mathbf{\mathbf{\mathbf{\mathbf{\mathbf{\mathbf{\mathbf{\mathbf{\mathbf{\mathbf{\mathbf{\mathbf{\mathbf{\mathbf{ }}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}\))**} & **(\(\mathbf{\mathbf{\mathbf{\mathbf{\mathbf{\mathbf{\mathbf{\mathbf{\mathbf{\mathbf{\mathbf{\mathbf{\mathbf{\mathbf{\mathbf{\mathbf{\mathbf{\mathbf{\mathbf{\mathbf{\mathbf{ }}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}\))** \\ \hline Age (years) & 80.6 & \(\pm\)8.2 & 81.8 & \(\pm\)5.2 & \\ Body mass index (kg/m\({}^{2}\)) & 22.5 & \(\pm\)2.2 & 22.2 & \(\pm\)3.4 & \\ Total score of IMG-IC (range, 0–13) & 9.2 & \(\pm\)3.7 & 12.6 & \(\pm\)0.7 & * a \\ Instrumental Self-Maintenance (range, 0–5) & 3.5 & \(\pm\)1.9 & 5.0 & \(\pm\)0.0 & \\ Intellectual Activity (range, 0–4) & 3.4 & \(\pm\)0.8 & 3.9 & \(\pm\)0.3 & \\ Social Role (range, 0–4) & 2.3 & \(\pm\)1.4 & 3.7 & \(\pm\)0.7 & * a \\ Certification of needed long-term care or support & & & & ** b \\ Not certified & 0 & 0\% & 10 & 100\% & \\ Support levels 1 & 4 & 40\% & 0 & 0\% & \\ Support levels 2 & 2 & 20\% & 0 & 0\% & \\ Care levels 1 & 2 & 20\% & 0 & 0\% & \\ Care levels 2 & 2 & 20\% & 0 & 0\% & \\ Care levels 3 & 0 & 0\% & 0 & 0\% & \\ Care levels 4 & 0 & 0\% & 0 & 0\% & \\ Care levels 5 & 0 & 0\% & 0 & 0\% & \\ Quantitative ultrasound & & & & & \\ Speed of sound (m/s) & 1491.6 & \(\pm\)13.4 & 1505.4 & \(\pm\)10.7 & * a \\ Broadband ultrasound attenuation (dB/MHz) & 69.3 & \(\pm\)6.3 & 67.5 & \(\pm\)10.2 & \\ T-score (SD) & \(-\)1.1 & \(\pm\)0.5 & \(-\)1.0 & \(\pm\)0.6 & \\ Normal (T-score more than \(-\)1.0) & 3 & 30\% & 4 & 40\% & \\ Osteopenia (T-score between \(-\)2.5 and \(-\)1.0) & 7 & 70\% & 6 & 60\% & \\ Osteoporosis (T-score less than \(-\)2.5) & 0 & 0\% & 0 & 0\% & \\ Household composition & & 2 & 20\% & 2 & 20\% & \\ Married couple & 2 & 20\% & 3 & 30\% & \\ Other & 6 & 60\% & 5 & 50\% & \\ Lubben Social Network Scale-6 score (range, 0–30) & 11.3 & \(\pm\)5.4 & 20.2 & \(\pm\)3.5 & *** a \\ Normal (score more than 12) & 6 & 60\% & 10 & 100\% & \\ Social isolation (score less than 12) & 4 & 40\% & 0 & 0\% & \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular} Data are expressed as Mean \(\pm\) SD values, Number, \% *: \(p<0.05\), **: \(p<0.01\), ***: \(p<0.001\), a: Mann–Whitney \(U\) test, b: Chi-square test.  
\end{table}
Table 1: Baseline characteristics of the participants.  
Figure 1: Flow diagram of the participants.