# Industry 4.0 towards Forestry 4.0: Fire Detection Use Case +
## 4 Forest Fire Detection Use Case
There are several forest fire detection techniques, and monitoring systems employed by authorities, including human-based observation, satellite-based monitoring systems, optical camera-based monitoring systems and wireless sensor networks [24]. The human observation is inefficient due to the error-prone. It provides an accurate forest fire prediction. As humans get fatigued by time, their forest fire prediction will be inaccurate due to less considering environmental impact, making it a non-reliable solution to reduce forest fire risks. The promoted satellite monitoring systems suffer from severe limitations failing speedy and effective control for forest areas. For example, the satellite systems may not be available for continuous-time to cover the full regions within forests such as gaps in time when the satellite is not within the field of view from certain regions or spots of the forest. On the other hand, the optical camera-based monitoring systems are costly in building towers and communication infrastructure in the forests' remote areas. Furthermore, the optical camera-based monitoring systems may provide false alarms due to night vision and weather conditions such as wind-tossed trees and cloud shadows that affect camera performance. Recently, wireless sensor networks are considered the best available solution for forest fire detection. They can provide all the required information that influences the  
Figure 6: Forest fire outlooks in 2020 for May, June, July, and August, highlighting the elevated risk in the Pacific Northwest, Northern California, and the Southwest throughout the summer. environment at any moment accurately. The wireless sensor networks are easily connected and deployed in broad and inaccessible forestry areas. Accordingly, the researchers and industries have shifted to IoT paradigm, which has been conducted in various fields. For instance, the proposed work in [27] provides new improvements such as the use of innovative IoT technologies and a data treatment focused on the prevention, detection, activation of alarms and management of operations for the extinction of fires. The authors have developed a system with secure communication configured for monitoring different variables of environments including temperature, humidity, CO, CO\({}_{2}\) and wind speed. Lately, the forestry companies leverage the agility and power of the fourth industrial revolution (i.e., Industry 4.0) towards Forestry 4.0 to utilize the IoT sensors capabilities which send real-time streaming information to early detect wildfire. Forest fires can happen due to climate change, and cause significant environmental damages. So, we identified a forest fire detection use case as one of the dynamic environmental management challenges. Several detection and monitoring systems are used by authorities to detect the fire as fast as possible, and its exact localization and early notification. As many IoT devices are working together to detect forest fire, the fire alarm detection technologies can help support the decision-making process due to a rapidly changing ecological environment. In particular, the generation of IoT streaming data technology allows managers to establish a set of early warning mechanisms for the quick response and decision making, together with having full use of the data on environmental performance evaluation.