## 4 Results and Discussion
### Significant Benefits of Using DTs in the Construction Industry  
According to Figure 3, three significant BDTs are BDT17 (better documentation and communication), BDT10 (facilities management and operations), and BDT14 (real-time  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c} \hline
**No.** & **Group** & **Cronbach’s Alpha** \\ \hline
1 & Benefits of using DTs & 0.909 \\
2 & Benefits of integrating AI-based DTs & 0.883 \\
3 & Challenges of using DTs & 0.883 \\
4 & Challenges of integrating AI-based DTs & 0.872 \\
5 & Resource implementation of AI-based DTs & 0.853 \\ \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}
Table 11: Cronbach’s alpha for the five groups.  
monitoring and control of construction processes). The contribution values of BDT17, BDT10, and BDT14 are 0.062, 0.0614, and 0.0610, respectively, as shown in Figure 3.  
Better documentation and communication (BDT17) is a significant benefit of utilizing DT technology in construction. For instance, DTs leverage sensors to provide real-time communication and documentation. This real-time communication and data synchronization across DTs applications enables decision makers to identify potential issues and promptly adapt strategies. Consequently, this approach facilitates real-time project tracking while ensuring adherence to estimated costs, maintaining safety, and meeting upon agreement quality. These findings align with the results of previous studies [4; 16].  
Facilities management and operation (BDT10) benefits contribute significantly to ensuring project success. The synchronization benefits, real-time monitoring and control of the project process, better communication, and documentation collectively enhance the collaboration process among stakeholders and subsequently result in facilitating the production of accurate and up-to-date as-built drawings and models. A core rationale for employing DTs in facility management is due to their ability to foster interdisciplinary collaboration for space management and streamline the digitization of operations and maintenance processes [28]. The main feature of DTs is real-time monitoring and control via various communication tools to facilitate management and operations for predictive maintenance, operational efficiency, and the elimination of unnecessary adherence to fixed schedules, thus enhancing cost-effectiveness [41]. This is also in agreement with previous studies' findings, such as [5; 22], regarding the critical role of DTs.  
The real-time monitoring and control of construction processes (BDT14) represent significant benefits of DT technology in the construction industry. To elaborate, DTs facilitate the real-time monitoring and control of site progress and workforce activities. This capability, in turn, enables the identification of potential risks, resource shortages, and delays that could lead to project progress disruptions and cost overruns. By leveraging these real-time data, DTs allow for accurate predictions of maintenance needs and the development of scheduling strategies that support sustainable maintenance management [23]. This contrasts with traditional preventive maintenance, which is executed according to pre-determined schedules to avoid system failures. Real-time monitoring facilitated by DTs for predictive maintenance improves operational efficiency and eliminates unnecessary adherence to fixed schedules, thus enhancing cost-effectiveness [41]. This also agrees with  
Figure 3: Contribution value of BDTs.  
previous studies' findings, such as [5; 22], as the critical purpose of DT technology is keeping stakeholders informed with updated drawings and models, thereby supporting more effective project management and decision-making. This, in turn, showcases DTs as a more cost-effective system.  
It could be concluded that the integration of predictive maintenance within DT frameworks enhances project efficiency and reinforces the role of DTs as transformative tools in facility management sectors.