## 5 Paleomagnetic Mapping
### Paleomagnetic Mapping in Southern Israel
During the post-collisional phase, corresponding to the Jalal-1 and Jalal-2 superzones (Figure 23C), the effusive olivine-basalt-basalt-nebelinite association was formed, among which the deep xenoliths are widely developed. They are represented by the mantle dunites, harzburgites, Iberzolites, lower crustal gabbroids, and xenoliths of the Upper Proterozoic tuffs [120], various minerals of the diamond-bearing association, and the small diamond crystals themselves [122]. The paleomagnetic data [118; 135; 136] and their radiometric and stratigraphic corrections [134] confirmed the belonging of this paleomagnetic stage of the Middle Cretaceous (Aptian-Cenomanian) epoch of the direct geomagnetic field polarity dominance. The geodynamic processes are of significant interest for the Makhtesh Ramon and its blocks (Figure 23A). For this purpose, we used the analysis of the discontinuities and hypsometry of the plateau framing the canyon itself and outlines of the erosional canyon. The latter is essential because the boomerang-like canyon outlines with a deviation of the southwestern end to the east, and of the northeast end to the west, indicating the rotation of the subterrane in the counterclockwise direction. At the same time, the highest hypsometric marks exceeding 1000 m are in a narrow zone corresponding to the center rotation of the tectonic block. The cirrus nature of tectonic ruptures, spherical in places with prominent shear-slip elements, confirms the regional nature of the rotation of the structure, mainly in the counterclockwise direction. To analyze the evolution of movements of the Ramon subterrane (Figure 23B), we examined the movement of the radiometrically dated dikes and chains of the effusive rocks displaced from the primary latitudinal orientation. The performed studies showed that during almost the entire Jurassic-Middle Cretaceous stage, the area experienced a movement from the southern side of the Neotethy's Ocean to the southwest with a concomitant counterclockwise rotation (except for a part of the Aptian centuries (115-125 Ma ago), when the sublatitudinal post-collisional dikes shifted clockwise). Paleomagnetic Mapping as One of the Indicators for Discovering Mantle Rotating Structure below the Easternmost Mediterranean  
Twelve independent geological-geophysical indicators discovered the mantle giant rotating structure below the EMM [14], including paleomagnetic parameters. Examples of the primarily counterclockwise rotation were shown in detail for the Sea of Galilee and  
Figure 23: Makhtesh Ramon geodynamic-paleomagnetic map (see its location in Figure 3) (modified and supplemented after [23]). (**A**) Geodynamic-paleomagnetic indicators. (**B**) Geodynamic changes in Makhtesh Ramon subterrane displacement in the Middle Mesozoic. (**C**) Paleomagnetic scale. (1) Pre-collisional–collisional basalt dikes, (2) post-collisional alkalic olivine basalt flows and volcanatic rocks, (3) pre-collisional association of alkalic olivine gabbro, monzogabbro, and syenties, (4) post-collisional association of basanites and nefelinites, (5) quartzic hexagonal prisms, (6) faults, (7) hypsometric isolines within the Makhtesh Ramon plateau (1–7 from [21,79,119,120,123–133], (8) radiometric age of the magmatic rocks (from [115,117,134], (9) counterclockwise (a) and clockwise (b) rotation of the linear structures (faults, dikes, and volcanic ridges), (10)–(11) magmatic rocks with normal (10), and reversal (11) paleomagnetic polarity (from [118,135,136], (12)–(15) paleomagnetic zonation inside the magmatic complexes: (12) Illawarra, (13) Omolon, (14) Gissar, (15) Jalal. around it (Figure 19), Hula Basin (Figure 20), Hermon area (Figure 21), Carmel structure (Figure 22), and Makhtesh Ramon area (Figure 23). Besides the small tectonic blocks and dikes, terranes and subterranes mainly rotate counterclockwise, which include these bodies. This fact can be seen in Figures 21B and 23B (Hermon and Makhtesh areas).