## 6 Conclusions  
The use of drone-based technologies increases the range of possibilities in terms of the quantification and mapping of earthquake-associated deformation in archaeological sites. Additionally, the techniques allow accurate quantitative analyses, facilitating data acquisition and the modelling of structures in locations dominated by complex geometries,areas difficult to access or large-sized elements, making it possible to cover large areas with high resolution at affordable costs. The use of 3D models obtained with drone technology also improves processing workflows and their subsequent implementation in GIS environments for morphometric and geometric analyses at different scales. One of the major advantages of 3D modelling is its improved ability to identify particular deformation elements that, due to their high wavelength/amplitude ratio, may go unnoticed in simpler analyses. The models obtained in this study highlight the use of 3D modelling in the characterization and parameterization of earthquake damage in archaeological sites. In a next step, the set of Earthquake Archaeological Effects (EAEs) according to the classification of [PERSON] et al. [18] would be digitally standardized for their automatic recognition and parametrization from drone-produced 3D models. In a further phase, their implementation in properly improved GIS environments with specific algorithms will be possible to produce automated 3D maps and models for oriented damage, facilitating low-cost archaeosismological evaluations of sites or historical buildings from drone surveys. These drone-GIS-based techniques can also be applied in present earthquake scenarios, allowing a prompt detailed evaluation of the damage and a better evaluation of seismic intensity. This will allow the modelling of both building and environmental damage (surface faulting, landslides, liquefaction, lateral spreading, etc. ), achieving digital seismic disaster scenarios to be analyzed after an earthquake to improve seismic risk assessments or for the planning of earthquake trails around urban areas. Finally, an additional, but important application of the 3D modelling produced in this study is its use for academic educational purposes in schools, universities and museums, providing students or the public with digital twins for their study, visualization or promotion. The following supporting information can be downloaded at: [[https://www.mdpi.com/article/10.3390/app12105223/s1](https://www.mdpi.com/article/10.3390/app12105223/s1)]([https://www.mdpi.com/article/10.3390/app12105223/s1](https://www.mdpi.com/article/10.3390/app12105223/s1)). Figure S1: Tilted North City-Wall Basing 3D Model and Figure S2: Marble Dish Tsunami 3D Model. Conceptualization, P.G.S. and Y.S.-S.; methodology, Y.S.-S. and J.E. ; 3D data acquisition, Y.S.-S. and G.S.-D.; software and processing of 3D models, Y.S.-S., J.E. and G.S.-D.; validation, Y.S.-S. and P.G.S. ; formal analysis, P.G.S., J.L.G.-R. and K.R. ; investigation, Y.S.-S. and P.G.S. ; resources, J.E. and J.L.G.-R.; writing--original draft preparation, Y.S.-S., J.E. and P.G.S. ; writing--review and editing, Y.S.-S., J.E., P.G.S. and K.R. ; visualization, J.E. and Y.S.-S.; supervision, P.G.S. and K.R. ; funding acquisition, P.G.S. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript. This research was funded by the Spanish Research Project MINECO-FEDER CGL2015-67169-P (QTECTSPAIN-USAL) and The Spanish Ministry of Science grant PID2021-123510 OB-I00 (QTECTIBERIA-USAL). This is a contribution of the QTECT-AEQUA Working Group. Not applicable. The authors are grateful to the staff at the Archaeological Site of _Baleo Claudia_ (Junta de Andalucia) for facilitating the fieldwork and drone operations, and especially to [PERSON], archaeological in charge of the supervision of scientific excavations at the site. The authors declare no conflict of interest.