## 4 Discussion
The significant interaction effects between driver seat condition and time (Figure 8) highlight the varying efficacy of the AFMF system throughout the experiment. The AFMF condition consistently exhibited lower movement frequencies across all time intervals, highlighting its ability to sustain comfort over the duration of the drive. In contrast, participants in the standard seat condition displayed a marked increase in movement frequency as time progressed, indicating that participants in the standard seat experienced greater fatigue, which led to increased non-driving-related movements over time. The pairwise comparisons revealed significant differences between the two-seat conditions at 30 min, 40 min, and 60 min (\(p<0.001\)), highlighting that the AFMF system had a notable impact on movement frequencies as the duration of the trial increased. However, no significant differences were observed at the earlier time intervals (10 and 20 min), suggesting that the effects of the AFMF system on movement frequency may become more evident after prolonged sitting. The lack of significant differences at the 50 min time interval shows that, while the AFMF system may reduce movement frequency, the differences might become more noticeable at the later 60 min interval, where the cumulative effect is stronger. These results are important in the context of driver health, safety, and well-being, particularly for long-duration driving. By reducing fatigue-related movements and maintaining comfort, the AFMF system has the potential to help drivers stay focused on the road, thereby reducing fatigue and the associated risk of accidents. The reduction in ICMs also suggests that the AFMF system could play a role in preventing musculoskeletal disorders, which are prevalent among drivers who spend long periods sitting in suboptimal positions [3; 4; 5; 6]. The AFMF system's effectiveness in reducing fatigue and promoting more natural postural adjustments could serve as a preventive measure against such health risks. While our findings underscore the potential benefits of the AFMF system, several limitations warrant acknowledgment. First, although real-world driving scenarios may typically extend beyond 3-4 h, our experimental protocol was limited to two 60 min sessions. This duration was deliberately selected to maintain a controlled environment and ensure experimental feasibility for an initial evaluation. Future studies should extend the trial duration to more accurately replicate prolonged driving conditions. Real-world scenarios introduce variables such as road conditions, vehicle vibrations, and traffic-related stress, all of which could influence both driver comfort and the AFMF system's efficacy. Future studies should incorporate these dynamic factors by evaluating the system in naturalistic driving environments to provide a more accurate understanding of its performance under real-world conditions. Additionally, this study primarily examined general participants rather than the high-risk population of professional drivers, who may experience different fatigue patterns due to longer hours and higher frequencies of extended sitting. Investigating the AFMF system's effects on truck drivers or other professional drivers could yield insights into its efficacy for the populations most affected by prolonged sitting. Furthermore, the current analysis did not examine participant anthropometrics (e.g., height, body mass) as potential moderators of comfort ratings or ICM frequency. Future research should explore whether such individual characteristics modulate the effects of AFMF interventions, which could ultimately support the development of personalized seating solutions tailored to diverse user profiles. Lastly, other solutions, such as active seating systems and dynamic driving aids, are designed to continuously adapt to road and driving conditions, promoting natural postural adjustments and reducing strain.