## 3 Results and Discussion
### UHPLC-HRMS-MS Characterization
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{l c c c c} \hline \hline \multicolumn{1}{c}{**Compound**} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{**Chemical**} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{**Monitored**} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{**Retention**} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{**Fragments**} \\ \multicolumn{1}{c}{} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{**Formula**} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{**Ion [M-H]**–**} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{**Time (min)**} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{**Fragments**} \\ \hline Liquiritiigenin & C\({}_{15}\)H\({}_{12}\)O\({}_{4}\) & 255.06631 & 18.44 & 211.0764; 135.00761; 119.04889; 117.03323 \\ Kaempferol 3-O-rutosid & C\({}_{27}\)H\({}_{30}\)O\({}_{15}\) & 593.15122 & 9.56 & 299.05615; 255.02997; 227.0341 \\ Azelaic acid & C\({}_{6}\)H\({}_{16}\)O\({}_{4}\) & 187.09761 & 14.12 & 169.08600; 143.10655; 123.08015 \\ Cynarine & C\({}_{25}\)H\({}_{24}\)O\({}_{12}\) & 515.11950 & 12.4 & 515; 353; 191 \\ Rosmarinic acid & C\({}_{18}\)H\({}_{16}\)O\({}_{8}\) & 359.07727 & 5.29 & 161.0237; 135.0455; 133.0283 \\ Carnasol & C\({}_{20}\)H\({}_{26}\)O\({}_{4}\) & 329.17586 & 18.86 & 285.1856; 201.0897 \\ Carnasol acid & C\({}_{20}\)H\({}_{28}\)O\({}_{4}\) & 331.19151 & 20.05 & 287.2015 \\ Neochlorogenic acid & C\({}_{16}\)H\({}_{18}\)O\({}_{9}\) & 353.08780 & 3.93 & 192.05876; 191.05544; 173.04474 \\ Oleanoic acid & C\({}_{30}\)H\({}_{88}\)O\({}_{3}\) & 455.35309 & 25.16 & 455.3507; 456.3572 \\ Gallocatedhen & C\({}_{15}\)H\({}_{14}\)O\({}_{7}\) & 305.06668 & 6.06 & 137.0247; 125.0247; 109.0298 \\ Aesculetin & C\({}_{6}\)H\({}_{6}\)O\({}_{4}\) & 177.09133 & 10.51 & 133.038; 105.0354 \\ Naringenin-7-O-glucose & C\({}_{21}\)H\({}_{22}\)O\({}_{10}\) & 433.11402 & 16.45 & 271.0656; 151.0058 \\ Chryssoriol 7-O-glucose & C\({}_{22}\)H\({}_{22}\)O\({}_{11}\) & 461.10896 & 15.62 & 446.0844; 283.024; 255.0296 \\ Apigenin-7-O-glucosid & C\({}_{21}\)H\({}_{20}\)O\({}_{10}\) & 431.09839 & 17.45 & 269.0428; 268.037 \\ Procyanidin B1 & C\({}_{30}\)H\({}_{26}\)O\({}_{12}\) & 577.13515 & 6.85 & 125.0240; 289.0698; 407.0802 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 4: Compound names, formulae, \(m/z\) values of adduct ions and MS/MS fragment ions in negative ESI mode. Figure 1: LC-HRMS chromatogram of BC pomace extract. The upper panel shows the total ion current (TIC) acquired in full-scan mode (50–1000 \(m/z\)), while the lower panels (from top to bottom) represent extracted ion chromatograms corresponding to the \(m/z\) values and retention times of caffeic acid (\(m/z\) 179.0350, TR 6.60); rutin (\(m/z\) 609.1461, TR 12.60); quercetin (\(m/z\) 301.0354, TR 13.59); vanillic acid (\(m/z\) 167.0350, TR 8.68); pinceombarn (\(m/z\) 255.0663, TR 18.45); neochlorogenic/chlorogenic acid (\(m/z\) 353.0878, TR 3.95 and 6.19, respectively); and naringin (\(m/z\) 579.1718, TR 9.96). Chromatograms were extracted from TIC using a 5 ppm window. Chlorogenic acid was found in a significant concentration in our study (9045.88 mg/100 g d.w.), higher than that reported by [PERSON] and [PERSON] [37], who measured chlorogenic acid levels ranging from 848.17 to 1192.69 mg/100 g d.w. pomace. Catechin and epicatechin were present at concentrations of 65.55 mg/100 g d.w. and 791.44 mg/100 g d.w., respectively, and exceeded the previously reported concentrations in dried Aronia pomace powder of 260.13 mg/100 g d.w. for epicatechin and 180.27 mg/100 g d.w. for catechin. Ferulic acid was measured at 27.60 mg/100 g d.w. consistent with previous findings (15.09 mg/100 g d.w.) in pomace [37]. Quercetin was