## 3 Results
### Practical Field Trials on the Efficacy of EF Fumigation in Farmers' Viryl Houses
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c} \hline \hline
**Fumigation Time (h)** & **Bottom (0.8 m above Soil)** & **Middle (1.5 m from Soil)** & **Top (3.0 m from Soil)** \\ \hline
0.5 & 1.6 \(\pm\) 0.0 & 1.6 \(\pm\) 0.0 & 1.6 \(\pm\) 0.0 \\
1.0 & 1.3 \(\pm\) 0.2 & 1.3 \(\pm\) 0.1 & 1.4 \(\pm\) 0.3 \\
2.0 & 1.2 \(\pm\) 0.1 & 1.2 \(\pm\) 0.1 & 1.4 \(\pm\) 0.3 \\
4.0 & 1.0 \(\pm\) 0.2 & 1.3 \(\pm\) 0.2 & 1.3 \(\pm\) 0.2 \\ Ct products (g h m\({}^{-3}\)) & 4.8 \(\pm\) 0.1 & 4.9 \(\pm\) 0.1 & 5.1 \(\pm\) 0.2 \\ \hline  & Control & 0.0 \(\pm\) 0.0 & \\ Mortality & Breeding dish & 100.0 \(\pm\) 0.0 & \\ (\%, Mean \(\pm\) SE) & Control & 0/11 & \\  & Natural occurrence & 10/10 & \\ \hline  & Control & 0.0 \(\pm\) 0.0 & - \\  & Damage index a & 0.0 \(\pm\) 0.0 & \\ Phyto-toxicity & Control & 37.2 \(\pm\) 1.3 & \\ (Mean \(\pm\) SE) & Chlorophylll content & 37.1 \(\pm\) 0.4 & \\  & Control & 40.5 \(\pm\) 2.1 & \\  & Hue value b & 40.3 \(\pm\) 1.3 & \\ \hline  & & & \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}  
*: Damage index: (0 (no leaf damage), 1 (<5% leaves affected), 2 (5–25% leaves affected), 3 (25–50% leaves affected), 4 (>50% leaves affected). b : [Color L \(\times\) 2 + Color a \(\times\) 2 + Color b \(\times\) 2]l/2. -: impossible to check. Fumigation temperature: 21–32 °C, relative humidity: 80 \(\pm\) 10%.  
\end{table} 
Table 6: Ethyl formate concentration and _Ct_ values of second field trial which effect _B. tabaci_ and phytotoxicity to fruiting stage of YM plants inside a vinyl house by fumigation times. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c} \hline \hline
**Fumigation Time (h)** & **Bottom (0.8 m above Soil)** & **Middle (1.5 m from Soil)** & **Top (3.0 m from Soil)** \\ \hline
0.5 & 1.3 \(\pm\) 0.2 & 1.6 \(\pm\) 0.1 & 1.6 \(\pm\) 0.3 \\
1.0 & 1.3 \(\pm\) 0.0 & 1.3 \(\pm\) 0.0 & 1.4 \(\pm\) 0.0 \\
2.0 & 1.2 \(\pm\) 0.0 & 1.3 \(\pm\) 0.0 & 1.3 \(\pm\) 0.0 \\ Ct products (g h m\({}^{-3}\)) & 1.9 \(\pm\) 0.3 & 2.1 \(\pm\) 0.1 & 2.1 \(\pm\) 0.3 \\ \hline  & Control & 0.0 \(\pm\) 0.0 & \\ Mortality & Breeding dish & 100.0 \(\pm\) 0.0 & \\ (\%, Mean \(\pm\) SE) & Control & 0/6 & \\  & Natural occurrence & 6/7 & \\ \hline  & Control & 0.0 \(\pm\) 0.0 & \\  & Damage index a & 0.0 \(\pm\) 0.0 & \\ Phyto-toxicity & Control & 38.1 \(\pm\) 0.7 & \\ (Mean \(\pm\) SE) & Chlorophylll content & 39.6 \(\pm\) 0.3 & \\  & Control & 40.8 \(\pm\) 1.3 & \\  & Hue value b & 42.1 \(\pm\) 1.1 & \\ \hline \hline  & & \\ \hline \end{tabular}  
*: Damage index: (0 (no leaf damage), 1 (<5% leaves affected), 2 (5–25% leaves affected), 3 (25–50% leaves affected), 4 (>50% leaves affected). b : [Color L \(\times\) 2 + Color a \(\times\) 2 + Color b \(\times\) 2]l/2. -: impossible to check. Fumigation temperature: 21–32 °C, relative humidity: 80 \(\pm\) 10%.  
\end{table} 
Table 7: Ethyl formate concentration and _Ct_ values of third field trial which effect _B. tabaci_ and phytotoxicity to fruiting stage of YM plants inside a vinyl house by fumigation times. final \(Cl\) values in the second and third trials were lower than those in the first trial, possibly because of the shorter fumigation times of 4 and 2 h in both problems, respectively. The \(Ct\) values at the bottom, middle, and top spots of the vinyl houses were 4.8 \(\pm\) 0.1, 4.9 \(\pm\) 0.1, and 5.1 \(\pm\) 0.2 g h m\({}^{-3}\) in the second trial and 1.9 \(\pm\) 0.3, 2.1 \(\pm\) 0.1, and 2.1 \(\pm\) 0.3 g h m\({}^{-3}\) in the third trial, respectively. SPW adults from two colonies were 100% killed by the fumigations in both trials. No phytotoxicity in visible damage, chlorophyll content, and hue value were shown in both trials.