## 3 Results
### Cultivation Measure Selection  
The results of the yield were transformed by min-max normalization, and the output from the CCR and GDM-DEA efficiency values of the JLASTU experiment are represented in Figure 2.  
In Figure 2, the red bar represents that the yield corresponds to the cultivation measures that are both CCR-effective and GDM-DEA-effective. The yellow bar represents that the yield corresponds to the cultivation measures that are CCR-effective only. The red broken line indicates the efficiency trend of GDM-DEA, and each broken point represents the efficiency value of GDM-DEA. The green broken line represents the efficiency trend of CCR, and each broken point represents the CCR efficiency value.  
The values of \(V^{C2R}\) were all 1s in groups 1, 3, 7, 8, 9, 13, 19, 21, and 23. Groups 1, 8, and 19 were both CCR-effective and GDM-DEA-effective (Figure 2). The order of yield for these three groups of cultivation measures from high to low is as follows:  
Figure 2: Output and efficiency analysis for the JLASTU experiment.  
19 (12,997.4 kg/ha) > 8 (12,895.3 kg/ha) > 1 (11,486.7 kg/ha). To determine the optimal cultivation measures, the cultivation measures of the three groups need to be contrastively analyzed.  
The planting density and the amount of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium applied for group 1 were all at the \(-1\) level, which was lower than the previous planting density and fertilization rate in this area. It not only reduces the investment in the economy, but also reduces the negative impact on the soil and other environments due to the reduction in the fertilization rate. However, the yield of group 1 was also lower than the average yield of the 36 groups of cultivation measures in the JLASTU experiment. Therefore, group 1 has a high production efficiency, but is not a high-yield cultivation measure.  
The planting density of group 8 was at the -1 level, which was lower than the previous planting density standard in the region, and the amount of fertilization was at the level of 1, which was higher than the previous fertilization standard in the region. Although the yield under this cultivation measure exceeded the average yield of the 36 groups of cultivation measures in the JLASTU experiment, it was still not the best cultivation measure because excessive fertilization will lead to soil hardening and environmental pollution. Consequently, group 8 is a high-performance and high-yield measure, but not an environment-friendly cultivation measure.  
If only considering the perspective of high yield, group 16 (yield: 13,641.3 kg/ha) should be selected as the optimal cultivation measure, but its planting density and the amount of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium application for this cultivation measure were all at the +1 level, which was much higher than the previous standard level in this area.  
The planting density and the amount of phosphorus and potassium applied in group 19 were the same as the previous standard level in the region, while the nitrogen application rate was at the \(-2\) level, which was far lower than the standard level. Although its yield was not the highest one among the 36 groups of cultivation measures, it was much higher than the average yield. Thus, group 19 is the most environment-friendly cultivation measure with a high production efficiency and high yield, and also the best cultivation measure of the JLASTU experiment.