## Materials and Methods
### Analytical Methods and Calculation  
The samples collected during the composting process were analyzed for their ammonium-nitrogen (NH4\({}^{+}\)-N) and nitrate-nitrogen (NO3\({}^{-}\)-N) concentrations, pH, organic matter (OM), total nitrogen (TN) and total organic carbon (TOC). The air-dried samples were evaluated for TN, TOC, matrix pH and EC, while the fresh samples were evaluated for their NH4\({}^{+}\)-N and NO3\({}^{-}\)-N concentrations. These parameters were measured according to the Chinese national standard for organic fertilizer testing (NY525-2002) [28; 29]. An elemental analyzer (Vario Macro Cube, Germany) was used for the determination of the TN and TOC. The values obtained for TOC determination were multiplied by 1.724 to obtain the OM content. Extracts were prepared for the determination of the matrix pH, EC, NH4\({}^{+}\)-N and NO3\({}^{-}\)-N. The pH and EC of the dry samples were determined by mixing with deionized water at a ratio of 1:10 (\(w/v\)). The mixture was spun on a shaker for 30 min, allowed to settle and then analyzed using an MP521 pH/EC meter (Shanghai, China) [31]. The same procedure was followed for NH4\({}^{+}\)-N and NO3\({}^{-}\)-N, but in this case, fresh solids and 2 M potassium chloride (KCl) solution were used. The extracts obtained were analyzed using a segmented flow analyzer (Technicon Autoanalyser System, Germany) [32]. The concentration of the GHGs was quantified using a gas chromatograph (Agilent 7890A, Agilent Technologies, Palo Alto, CA, USA) equipped with a flame ionization detector (FID) and an electron capture detector (ECD) [33]. Gases with detection volumes of 15 mL were injected and detected within a time frame of 10 min [34]. The injector and column conditions under which the chromatograph device was operated were 250 \({}^{\circ}\)C and 350 \({}^{\circ}\)C, respectively. The electron capture detector (ECD) was used for the analysis of N2O-N, while the flame ionization detector (FID) was used for the analysis of CH4-C and CO2-C. Purified N2 was the carrier gas for the chromatograph machine. Emissions were calculated using the ideal gas law equation [35], expressed as \[Emission\ rate=\frac{d_{\rm C}}{d_{t}}*\frac{P_{\rm 0}}{P_{\rm 1}}*\frac{273}{T+273}* \frac{MM}{22.41}*\frac{V}{OM}*60\ \rm min \tag{1}\]  
where \(\frac{d_{\rm C}}{d_{t}}\) is the concentration of the gas over the development of time (ppm min\({}^{-1}\)), \(P_{\rm 0}\) is the air pressure supplied during composting (hPa), \(P_{\rm 1}\) is the air pressure at sea level (1013 hPa), \(T\) is the temperature in the reactor at the time of sampling (\({}^{\circ}\)C), \(MM\) is the molar mass of the compounds (CH\({}_{4}\)-C = 16.04 g mol\({}^{-1}\), CO\({}_{2}\)-C = 44.01 g mol\({}^{-1}\), N\({}_{2}\)O-N = 44.02 g mol\({}^{-1}\) and NH\({}_{3}\)-N = 17.03 g mol\({}^{-1}\)), 22.41 L mol\({}^{-1}\) is the ideal gas volume, \(V\) is the total volume of the reactor (L) and \(OM\) is the initial organic matter content (kg). Cumulative emissions were calculated by adding the daily emission rates of the gases (CH\({}_{4}\), CO\({}_{2}\), N\({}_{2}\)O and NH\({}_{3}\)) over the entire composting period. The daily emission rates and cumulative emission rates were expressed as per unit initial mass of organic matter (g CH\({}_{4}\)-C or g CO\({}_{2}\)-C kg\({}^{-1}\) initial OM and g N\({}_{2}\)O-N or g NH\({}_{3}\)-N kg\({}^{-1}\) initial OM).  
All measurements were performed in triplicate, and the results were processed using Microsoft Excel (version 2016). To analyze variations within treatments and between treatment means, analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used with the help of the IBM Statistical Package for Social Sciences (version 22). The means between treatments were separated at probability values less than 5%. Figures were generated using GraphPad Prism (version 8.0), and the mean errors were presented as \(\pm\) standard error (\(n=3\)).