## 3 Results and Discussion  
The process of selecting suitable studies for data extraction, based on the guidelines and methodological framework of this scoping review, is illustrated in Figure 1.  
These studies were published between 2020 and 2024, as shown in Figure 2.  
The majority of the papers collected, based on the origin of the database, came from ScienceDirect, accounting for 39%, as shown in Table 1. This table also presents the search queries used for each database consulted. In total, 100 studies were included in this scoping review. Figure 1: PRISMA-ScR flow chart of the selection process. Figure 2: Number of research studies collected by year. Figure 3 shows a geographical representation illustrating the global distribution of works related to technological advancements and innovations in remote monitoring systems and their applications. This visualization helps to illustrate the regions focused on developing solutions for elderly health. The selected studies originated from 35 countries, with China contributing the largest number, followed by India. Other contributing countries included Bangladesh, Brazil, Canada, Croatia, Ecuador, Egypt, France, Germany, Honduras, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Italy, Japan, Kazakhstan, Kuwait, Malaysia, Mexico, Norway, the Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Qatar, Romania, Saudi Arabia, Slovakia, Spain, Taiwan, Thailand, Turkey, Ukraine, the United Kingdom, and the United States. Figure 4 provides a quantitative overview of the works selected for the analysis in this review. It is important to highlight that 51.4% of the countries dedicating efforts to this field represent a minimal proportion of the total global research reported in this study, based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria defined in Section 2.3. Additionally, it is noted that approximately 6% of the countries included in the analysis were responsible for the most impactful developments in countries with higher population indices. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{l c c c c c c c} \hline \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**Database**} & **Science** & **Springer** & **IEEE** & **ACM** & & & \\  & **Direct** & **Link** & **Xplore** & **Digital** & **Scopus** & **Google** & **PubMed** \\  & & & & & **Library** & & \\ \hline Papers & 39 & 6 & 38 & 1 & 14 & 1 & 1 \\ \hline English & 39 & 6 & 38 & 1 & 14 & 1 & 1 \\ \hline Total 100 & & & & & & & \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 1: Search strategy and queries. **Search Queries**: (“aging population” OR “old people” OR “elderly population” OR “senior” OR “old population” OR “geriatric”) AND (“remote monitoring systems” OR “telemetry” OR “e-health” OR “telehealth” OR “healthcare”) AND (“smart bands” OR “smartwatches” OR “wearable sensors” OR “wearable devices” OR “wristbands”). Figure 3: Geographic distribution of studies in the Scoping Review. What Are the Recent Advances in Developed and Integrated Technologies Focused on Elderly and Vulnerable People's Health? According to the range of studies collected during the period of interest, several technologies grew exponentially due to the COVID-19 pandemic. This health crisis, which strongly impacted the world, influenced the need to create more health monitoring systems and enabled the measurement of vital signs in a non-invasive and remote way. This manuscript examines remote healthcare systems designed not only for the elderly but also for other vulnerable populations. The study presented in [25] introduces a system that integrates Kinect sensors with ECG, EEG, EMG, and PPG sensors to enable the comprehensive monitoring of brain activity, body movement, and physiological signals. This approach aims to enhance cognitive rehabilitation and remote patient monitoring, addressing the growing need for advanced technological solutions in managing neurological disorders. Additionally, the research in [26] proposes a vital sign monitoring and alert system initially designed to assist students in school environments but also adaptable for individuals confined to their homes.