###### Abstract
Therefore, it is essential to develop human-computer interaction (HCI) systems that address the evolving needs of older adults and integrate seamlessly into their daily lives [6]. According to Statista, \"the market for smartwatches has expanded significantly in recent years, with numerous manufacturers offering a variety of models tailored to different user needs and preferences. The global user base in the 'Smartwatches' segment of the digital health market is projected to experience a steady increase from 2023 to 2028. This growth is expected to encompass an additional 11.4 million users, reflecting an overall increase of 5.2 percent\" [7]. Consequently, it is crucial to develop monitoring systems with a user-centered approach, focusing on simplifying graphical user interfaces for ease of navigation [8]. Additionally, factors such as the sensor size, quality, power consumption, dependability, and stability are critical to the user experience, wearability, and functionality of wearable devices [9]. Furthermore, as highlighted by recent authors [10], there is a need to create health monitoring systems equipped with multiple sensors and data analytics capabilities to provide a comprehensive approach to supporting and caring for older individuals. These systems should consider their activities of daily living (ADLs) and overall health status, considering the wearable devices previously mentioned. The proliferation of connected devices in the healthcare sector can be attributed to recent advancements in communication technology and an increased reliance on the Internet of Things (IoT). The demand for secure, on-time, and extensive data transmission is crucial for modern healthcare applications,including telemedicine, remote patient monitoring, wearable health devices, and emergency response systems [11]. The demand for health monitoring solutions is rising worldwide due to the increasing elderly population and the growing need for continuous healthcare support. Mexico serves as an illustrative example of this global trend. According to the Instituto Nacional de Estadistica y Geografia (INEGI), the population aged 60 and older in Mexico was projected to reach approximately 17,958,707 by the end of 2022, constituting 14% of the total population [12]. The Instituto Nacional de las Personas Adultas Mayores (INAPAM) estimates that, by the end of 2024, this proportion will remain similar, with an annual growth rate of 4% [13]. Elderly and vulnerable populations worldwide encounter various barriers to effective health monitoring, including  
* Limited access to healthcare services, often requiring frequent in-person visits for medical evaluations;
* Reliance on manual vital sign monitoring devices, which can be difficult to use without assistance;
* Challenges in adopting wearable health technologies, due to technological barriers, limited digital literacy, and the absence of user-friendly devices tailored to their needs. Previous research [14] demonstrates that older adults experience improvements in health-related quality of life when engaging in physical activity and utilizing preventive healthcare services. However, despite these benefits, elderly and vulnerable populations continue to face substantial challenges in accessing continuous and effective health monitoring. Given these challenges, this study systematically explores recent innovations in remote healthcare monitoring technologies for elderly and vulnerable individuals. By assessing the current technological advancements and identifying ongoing barriers, this work offers a comprehensive synthesis of the field, aiming to inform future research and the development of inclusive, robust, and accessible healthcare solutions. The main focus of this manuscript is to spotlight key advancements in technology that could enable the integration of user-friendly health monitoring systems, promoting equitable healthcare access for all members of these populations.