## 4 Discussion
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c} \hline \hline \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Muscle Activity (\%)**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Mean \(\pm\) SD**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{\begin{tabular}{c} **[PERSON]** \\ \(p\) **Value** \\ \end{tabular} } & \multicolumn{2}{c}{\
\begin{tabular}{c} **[PERSON]–Whitney** \\ \(p\) **Value** \\ \end{tabular} } & \multicolumn{2}{c}{
\begin{tabular}{c} **[PERSON]** \\ \(p\) **Value** \\ \end{tabular} } \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{BB} & \multirow{4}{*}{Consonants} & \multirow{2}{*}{AG} & PS & \(32.8\pm 13.0\) & 0.035 & 0.136 & \multirow{4}{*}{0.041} \\ \cline{3-3} \cline{5-7}  & & NPS & \(14.8\pm 4.9\) & 0.019 & 0.433 & & \\ \cline{3-3} \cline{5-7}  & & \multirow{2}{*}{SW} & PS & \(33.8\pm 12.4\) & 0.022 & 0.136 & \multirow{4}{*}{0.043} \\ \cline{3-3} \cline{5-7}  & & NPS & \(16.3\pm 5.9\) & 0.028 & 0.433 & & \\ \cline{3-3} \cline{5-7}  & & \multirow{2}{*}{Vowels} & PS & \(36.3\pm 13.6\) & 0.048 & 0.099 & & \\ \cline{3-3} \cline{5-7}  & & NPS & \(20.0\pm 9.7\) & 0.011 & 0.239 & & \\ \cline{3-3} \cline{5-7}  & & \multirow{2}{*}{SW} & PS & \(32.3\pm 10.8\) & 0.033 & 0.099 & & \\ \cline{3-3} \cline{5-7}  & & NPS & \(18.6\pm 9.2\) & 0.002 & 0.239 & & \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{TB} & \multirow{4}{*}{Consonants} & \multirow{2}{*}{AG} & PS & \(33.6\pm 8.4\) & 0.036 & 0.388 & \multirow{4}{*}{0.116} \\ \cline{3-3} \cline{5-7}  & & NPS & \(46.0\pm 10.0\) & 0.022 & 0.388 & & \\ \cline{3-3} \cline{5-7}  & & SW & PS & \(35.3\pm 8.4\) & 0.012 & 0.388 & & \\ \cline{3-3} \cline{5-7}  & & SW & NPS & \(41.5\pm 10.7\) & 0.049 & 0.388 & & \\ \cline{3-3} \cline{5-7}  & & \multirow{2}{*}{Vowels} & PS & \(23.7\pm 5.0\) & 0.047 & 0.034 & & \\ \cline{3-3} \cline{5-7}  & & NPS & \(38.7\pm 10.6\) & 0.025 & 0.071 & & \\ \cline{3-3} \cline{5-7}  & & SW & PS & \(29.5\pm 7.9\) & 0.049 & 0.034 & & \\ \cline{3-3} \cline{5-7}  & & NPS & \(31.2\pm 9.4\) & 0.048 & 0.071 & & \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{UT} & \multirow{4}{*}{Consonants} & \multirow{2}{*}{AG} & PS & \(55.9\pm 11.0\) & 0.010 & 0.028 & \multirow{4}{*}{0.020} \\ \cline{3-3} \cline{5-7}  & & NPS & \(36.9\pm 6.8\) & 0.018 & 0.136 & & \\ \cline{3-3} \cline{5-7}  & & SW & PS & \(52.4\pm 11.9\) & 0.005 & 0.028 & & \\ \cline{3-3} \cline{5-7}  & & NPS & \(38.9\pm 6.5\) & 0.003 & 0.136 & & \\ \cline{3-3} \cline{5-7}  & & \multirow{2}{*}{AG} & PS & \(56.7\pm 10.8\) & 0.019 & 0.060 & & \\ \cline{3-3} \cline{5-7}  & & NPS & \(37.5\pm 7.1\) & 0.047 & 0.136 & & \\ \cline{3-3} \cline{5-7}  & & SW & PS & \(53.7\pm 11.7\) & 0.011 & 0.060 & & \\ \cline{3-3} \cline{5-7}  & & NPS & \(39.2\pm 6.7\) & 0.001 & 0.136 & & \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 6: _Cont._long-term recovery [26; 27]. The FCR, crucial for wrist flexion, showed 9.8% higher activity on the PS, while the ECRL, responsible for wrist extension, increased activity primarily during object-picking tasks. This reflects compensatory strategies like trunk flexion and wrist pronation to address deficits in elbow extension and fine motor control [28]. Writing aids such as SW, which promotes wrist control and reduces upper-body compensation, may mitigate reliance on proximal muscles, fostering better distal recovery. Conversely, AG's stabilization features could increase strain on the shoulder, as suggested by higher UT activation during certain tasks. The BB, associated with elbow flexion, showed higher task-specific activity during arm rotation and bending, whereas the TB, critical for arm extension, exhibited reduced activity across tasks due to the PS's typical flexion posture [28]. The UT showed increased activation during reaching and lifting tasks, highlighting proximal overactivation to compensate for weakened distal muscles [29]. These findings emphasize the task-dependent nature of muscle activation and the need for rehabilitation strategies focusing on improving distal motor control and reducing overuse of proximal muscles. Stroke rehabilitation requires fine motor training, such as writing exercises that utilize the small muscles of the hands and fingers [30].