###### Abstract  
Traffic network resilience refers to the ability of a traffic network to maintain a certain capacity and service level even when disturbed by external factors, as well as its capacity to recover following a disruptive event. This paper integrates traffic simulation with resilience analysis of urban road traffic networks and proposes a framework for identifying critical roads in urban road traffic networks from a resilience perspective. This framework is both theoretical and applicable to any unanticipated disruptive event. By incorporating four attribute indicators--traffic, topology, urban function, and socio-economic factors--the framework assesses the importance ranking of each road segment in an urban road traffic network both before and after an unanticipated disruptive event. A case study is conducted using a real urban road traffic network in Shanghai. From the perspective of policymakers, corresponding policy recommendations are made to enhance the resilience of urban road traffic networks against unanticipated disruptive events and to mitigate socio-economic losses. s +
Footnote †: journal: Applied sciences  
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Footnote †: journal: Applied sciences  
truck occurrences. [PERSON] et al. [5] developed an evolutionary fault tree for causal inference, explaining the logical relationships between accident causes and contributing factors by performing qualitative and quantitative calculations on the fault tree. [PERSON] et al. [6] constructed an EEB model by integrating event trees, event evolution diagrams, and Bayesian networks, capable of identifying initial and secondary events and detailing their evolution paths. Additionally, numerous other researchers have employed CNN [7], random forests [8], fault trees [9], event trees [6], probabilistic analysis [6], and other methodologies to investigate the impacts of unforeseen disruptive events. [PERSON] introduced the concept of toughness to the field of ecology in 1973, initially termed as \"resilio\" in Latin, signifying a material's capacity to absorb energy during plastic deformation and bending [10]. Since then, the concept of resilience has been extensively extrapolated to various domains, including the socio-economic and engineering domains [11; 12; 13]. The study of road traffic system resilience was initiated by [PERSON] and [PERSON], who investigated the effects of the Loma Prieta earthquake on road closures [14]. In recent years, resilience has emerged as a focal point in transportation engineering research. The resilience of urban road transport networks, the foundational structures for urban transport activities, refers to the networks' ability to sustain a certain level of capacity and service level when externally disturbed and to rapidly recover post-disturbance. Research on the resilience of urban road traffic networks plays the role in enhancing the management of these networks' operations. [PERSON] et al. [15] proposed a classical conceptual framework of resilience and introduced a resilience triangle based on time distribution to measure road system resilience. [PERSON] et al. [16] provided an in-depth discussion on the performance of transportation infrastructure systems during disruptive events and proposed a model based on connectivity, accessibility, maturity, and development characteristics to measure resilience. [PERSON] et al. [17] defined resilience as the network characteristics of a transportation network to operate normally under extreme disaster conditions and proposed 10 indicators to measure transportation in terms of cooperation, redundancy, diversity, efficiency, safety, self-organization, strength, adaptability, mobility, and the ability to recover quickly. [PERSON] et al. [18] identified key stations by combining the topology structure of the public transport network and dynamic passenger flows at bus stops. However, most current research on the resilience of transport systems focuses on abstract accident studies, i.e., random damage to roads, and most assessments of resilience are static.