## 1 Introduction
(2015) [13] analysed the seismic performance of an actual RC asymmetric hospital building by utilising various modelling approaches (both linear and nonlinear) and analysis techniques following the Italian technical code \"Norme tecniche per le costruzioni\" NTC 2008. The study identified notable variations in local and global seismic responses, underscoring the significance of nonlinear techniques for accurate assessments. Moreover, recent studies have highlighted vulnerabilities in existing RC hospital structures, emphasising the need for comprehensive assessments and retrofitting strategies. For instance, [PERSON] and [PERSON] (2023) [14] employed nonlinear static (pushover) analysis to assess an existing RC hospital building's seismic performance, identifying critical weak points and recommending structural retrofitting measures. Similarly, [PERSON] and [PERSON] (2022) [15] evaluated an eight-storey RC hospital building using nonlinear static analysis procedures, revealing the necessity for targeted strengthening measures to prevent collapse under seismic demands. Additionally, [PERSON] et al. (2020) [16] identified critical structural weaknesses of the Croatian hospital with an irregular layout and proposed targeted retrofitting measures to enhance seismic resilience. Also, [PERSON] et al. (2023) explained an evaluation of the Day-Hospital building at the National Cancer Institute in Naples, which recommended increasing the thickness of existing RC cores or strengthening them with steel components to improve structural performance during seismic events [17]. These findings underscore the importance of evaluating and enhancing the seismic performance of RC hospital buildings to ensure their safety and functionality during earthquakes. The Vega Baja-Orihuela regional hospital, constructed between 1987 and 1989, serves as a pertinent case study for representing numerous other hospital buildings across the Valencian Community. This assertion is supported by the historical context of health decentralisation in Spain, which saw the transfer of healthcare competencies to autonomous communities like Valencia starting in 1987 following the approval of the General Law on Health. This period marked significant investments in healthcare infrastructure, exemplified by the creation of the Servei Valencia de Salut (SVS) in 1988, which spearheaded the completion and construction of several hospitals, including the San Joan clinical hospital, the [PERSON] hospital, and others in Requena and Vinaras. These projects were part of a broader initiative to modernise the region's healthcare facilities, a trend detailed in the book _Arquitectura Sanitaria Valenciana. Obres y projectes 1987-1990_ by [PERSON], which lists numerous similar health centres and hospitals. Furthermore, the prevalent use of advanced structural designs and materials, such as reinforced concrete and waffle slabs, which were promoted by influential figures like [PERSON], underscores the uniformity in construction practices during this era. Given the similarities in design, construction period, and regulatory environment, the structural and architectural characteristics of the Vega Baja hospital are likely reflective of other hospitals built in the region during the same period. Therefore, the insights and findings from this case study are broadly applicable, providing a representative model for understanding the seismic performance and architectural trends of hospital buildings in the Valencian Community during the late 20 th century. This study presents a thorough seismic vulnerability assessment of a hospital building in Orihuela, Spain, employing a combination of field monitoring data and numerical analysis. The study is structured to provide a thorough understanding of the seismic assessment process, from the initial characterisation of the building to the detailed analysis and interpretation of results.