# Automation and Robotics Pilot Lines in the Context of Industry 5.0
## 2 Pilot Lines in the Literature
### Innovative Activities and Digital Factories
Some examples launched in recent years are the pilot line production services offered by RISE (Research Institutes of Sweden), covering a full addition manufacturing development cycle ([[https://www.ri.se/en/am-center/our-offer/pilot-line-production](https://www.ri.se/en/am-center/our-offer/pilot-line-production)]([https://www.ri.se/en/am-center/our-offer/pilot-line-production](https://www.ri.se/en/am-center/our-offer/pilot-line-production)) (accessed on 27 December 2024)), or the pilot line for manufacturing coatings, including different equipment and which is adaptable to the specific needs of industrial applications, presented by the SPRI Development Agency and the Tekniker research center ([[https://bdih.spri.eus/en/pvd-pilot-line-coating-facilities-for-industrial-components/](https://bdih.spri.eus/en/pvd-pilot-line-coating-facilities-for-industrial-components/)]([https://bdih.spri.eus/en/pvd-pilot-line-coating-facilities-for-industrial-components/](https://bdih.spri.eus/en/pvd-pilot-line-coating-facilities-for-industrial-components/)) (accessed on 27 December 2024)). Regarding the lines most related to automation and robotics, it is worth referencing the pilot line of the Booster Manufacturing Lab at CTAG (Automotive Technology Center of Galicia), which was used in works such as [45]. This line is part of an Industry 5.0-oriented laboratory and consists of two vehicle stations equipped with collaborative robots, mobile robots, and machine vision systems. In [46], the pilot line from the Bi-Rex Competence Center (Big Data Innovation and Research Excellence) was used. The article presents a reconfigurable mobile robotic manipulator that relies on the hardware and workspaces of the Bi-Rex pilot line. Bi-Rex is presented as a pilot line integrating innovative technologies and traditional solutions within an interconnected ecosystem. The line focuses on the implementation of advanced collaborative robotics, leveraging IoT, Big Data, and AI technologies to support tasks in smart and additive manufacturing. Another infrastructure similar to Bi-Rex is MADE, a competence center focused on Industry 4.0. In [47], MADE integrates training, technology, serious games and Lean 4.0 principles to facilitate the digital transformation of manufacturing companies. In [48], the Competence Industry Manufacturing 4.0 (CIM4.0) digital factory pilot line is involved in cybersecurity-related research, including testing Secure Quantum Key Distribution over fiber optic networks and using elements of the pilot line as endpoint for secure data communication when connecting with edge nodes. The CIM4.0 digital factory is designed for organizations to test innovative technologies that can improve business competitiveness, with advanced robotics being one of those included in this group of novel technologies. Improving quality in Industry 4.0 and Zero Defect Manufacturing are concepts being addressed in innovation projects like Qu4 lity ([https://qu4 lity-project.eu/](https://qu4 lity-project.eu/) (accessed on 27 December 2024)). In Qu4 lity, multinational companies like Philips present their OneBlade pilot line ([[https://digitalfactorydilliance.eu/progress-on-the-philips-oneblade-pilot-line/](https://digitalfactorydilliance.eu/progress-on-the-philips-oneblade-pilot-line/)]([https://digitalfactorydilliance.eu/progress-on-the-philips-oneblade-pilot-line/](https://digitalfactorydilliance.eu/progress-on-the-philips-oneblade-pilot-line/)) (accessed on 27 December 2024)) as a tool for enhancing production efficiency and product quality. For achieving these objectives, they use, for example, AI applications for visual quality control and machine learning applied to the movements of robots on the pilot line. The extracted data are exported to dashboards for decision-making and improvement of production processes. Lastly, it is worth mentioning the human-robot collaboration pilot line at Tampere University, an active line that has been utilized in some of the articles referenced in the state-of-the-art section [40,49].