## 3 Result Analysis
### Experimental and Case Studies Analysis  
In total, 17 studies were categorized as Experimental and Case studies [76; 77; 78; 79; 80; 81; 82; 83; 84; 85; 86; 87; 88; 89; 90; 91; 92]. These studies involved the integration and use of relevant applications and systems within educational settings and the assessment of their impact. Most studies of this category were published in 2023, 2022, and 2018. In terms of the extended reality technology on which more emphasis was placed, most studies focused on integrating intelligent tutoring systems within augmented reality (\(n=11\)) [77; 78; 80; 81; 82; 85; 86; 87; 88; 89; 91; 82; 85; 86; 87; 88; 89; 91; 92]. Of the 17 Experimental and Case studies, only 5 examined the use of intelligent tutoring systems within virtual reality environments [76; 78; 83; 84; 90], and 1 study focused on their use in mixed reality environments [89]. Emphasis was mostly placed on higher education (\(n=8\)) [76; 78; 82; 83; 85; 86; 90; 92], followed by secondary education (\(n=6\)) [77; 79; 80; 87; 88; 89]. To a lesser extent, studies focused on primary education (\(n=2\)) [81; 84] and on other training environments (\(n=1\)) [91]. As only one study [81] focused on special education, there is a clear need for more studies to be conducted to better understand how this combination can support special education across educational levels. The wide applicability of this approach is highlighted by the number of different subjects in which it has already been applied. For example, studies looked into its use in science learning [77; 80], medical education (e.g., surgery) [83; 85; 86], mathematics [89], physics [78], and geometry [79]. Additionally, studies explored its integration in language learning, assembly operations [87], programming [76], and network security [82]. Studies also looked into their ability to assist students' driving skills [90] and aircraft knowledge [88]. Finally, studies explored the adoption and integration of intelligent tutoring systems into augmented reality and virtual reality environments as part of teacher training [84] and of general educational competences [81]. Additionally, most studies adopted a quantitative research approach and focused on examining the impact that the integration of intelligent tutoring systems into augmented reality and virtual reality can have on students (\(n=12\)) [76; 77; 78; 81; 85; 86; 87; 88; 89; 90; 92]. To a lesser extent, studies included various education stakeholders (\(n=3\)) [82; 83; 84; 85; 86; 87; 88; 82; 89; 90] in their experiments, while only one study focused on both students and teachers [89]. Finally, one study [91] looked into the impact of this combination on learners' training within the workforce. Furthermore, the related studies and their outcomes are briefly presented. [PERSON] [77] compared traditional methods of teaching with an intelligent tutoring system within augmented reality in the context of science education. The system provided students with personalized learning experiences, adaptive learning routes, and tailored feedback. The outcomes highlighted the ability of such systems to improve students' motivation, confidence, enthusiasm, and engagement. Finally, it was concluded that this approach can significantly improve students' learning outcomes in science education. [PERSON] et al. [76] explored the use of artificial intelligence within virtual reality to enhance learners' engagement. Their study focused on providing students with personalized learning pathways and an intelligent tutoring system. Their outcomes revealed that this approach can support and improve online education and lifelong learning. Finally, they quoted the gradual shift toward more personalized and interactive e-learning solutions. [PERSON] and [PERSON] [80] examined students' learning motivation using an augmented reality system that integrated an intelligent tutoring system. The system was developed using the ADDIE method and provided students with personalized and interactive learning.