# Design and Implementation of Industrial Accident Detection Model Based on YOLOv4
## 1 Introduction  
Manufacturing represents a massive share of the global economy. In most countries, workers engaged in manufacturing must comply with occupational safety rules. Each government enforces such laws institutionally. Violators of such regulations are punished and receive significant social attention. However, even with great institutional coercion or social interest, injuries or deaths at industrial sites still occur due to, e.g., the environments of each workplace, various industry-specific reasons, and insensitivity to safety concerns. Thus, accidents continue to occur despite being addressed through workplace environment management, policies, and safety management education encouragement [1, 2]. The issue of industrial accidents is consistently raised in Korea. From 2012 to 2021, according to the data on industrial accidents and yearbooks published by the Korea Occupational Safety and Health Agency every quarter, as the number of workplaces and workers continued to increase, the number of injured people continued to rise [3]. This can be regarded as a side effect of Korea's rapid growth [4, 5]. According to the data on accident rates per 100,000 workers published by the International Labor Organization, Korea's accident rate ranks the highest among Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) countries, followed by Mexico, Turkey, the United States, and Lithuania [6]. These data are shown in Figure 1 below. In Figure 1, the countries are shown in order of descending GDP based on World Bank 2022 data [7]. The names of the countries are on the \(x\)-axis and the values in parentheses indicate the latest year in which the International Labor Organization accident rates were reported. Data are reported from 2021 for Mexico, Turkey, Lithuania, and South Korea and 2018 for the United States. Korea has the third-highest accident rate among the top10 OECD countries. Figure 2 shows the number of injuries and deaths by industry from the 2022 data published by the Korea Occupational Safety and Health Agency [8]. In Figure 2, the graph on the left shows the number of injured people by industry and the chart on the right shows the number of deaths by industry sector. In the industry categories, \"Other\" generally refers to wholesale and retail businesses, health and social welfare businesses, and food and lodging businesses as service industries; \"Etc.\" refers to fishery, agriculture, finance, and insurance businesses. Both graphs show that the numbers of injuries and fatalities are higher in the manufacturing and construction industries than in other sectors. Figure 3 depicts the number of injuries and deaths according to the workplace size. Similar to Figure 2, Figure 3 is divided into left and right graphs, and the data are classified according to the workplace size (based on the number of workers working). Workplaces with less than 50 workers have an overwhelmingly high number of accidents and deaths. Businesses with less than 50 workers tend to have poorer environments than other workplaces, a lack of safety awareness among workers, educational activities, and institutional support [9; 10; 11]. As shown earlier, Korea has a higher industrial accident rate than other countries, and many of these accidents and deaths occur in manufacturing and construction industries and workplaces with less than 50 workers. Various studies and institutional supplements attempt to solve these problems [12; 13; 14; 15; 16; 17; 18]. In Korea, the \"Serious Accident Punishment Act\" was implemented in 2022, making employers liable for industrial accidents [19; 20; 21; 22]. Figure 1: Fatal occupational injuries per 100,000 workers among OECD countries. Figure 2: Number of injured (**left**) and deaths (**right**) by industry. This study analyzed common scenarios and disasters occurring in manufacturing workplaces. We standardized the data based on closed-caption television (CCTV) video to build an object-based detection model. Three workplaces in downtown Daejeon were selected as manufacturing workplaces.