# Mycotoxin Level in Winter Wheat Grain as Impacted by Nitrogen and Manganese Fertilisation
## 3 Results
### Infestation with Fusarium spp.  
Fungi of _Fusarium_ spp. occurred in wheat heads with the greatest intensity in 2014. However, those were not the amounts of fungi that might pose a considerable threat to the wheat head condition (Table 6). The higher intensity of _Fusarium_ head blight was caused by favourable conditions for plant growth, manifesting themselves in higher stand density, which caused the deterioration in the phytosanitary conditions at the end of the growing period. The infestation was under the harmfulness threshold in the other two years of the study. No impact of the nitrogen or manganese fertilisation on the _Fusarium_ head blight symptom occurrence on wheat heads was demonstrated during the study years.  
The coefficient of determination (R\({}^{2}\)) reveals that over 50% of the infestation severity caused by _Fusarium_ spp. was influenced by the nitrogen content of grain in plots treated with nitrogen fertilisation at rates of 150 and 200 kg N. (R\({}^{2}\) = 0.69 and \(r^{2}\) = 0.67), as well as Mn at 1.5 kg (R\({}^{2}\) = 0.63 and R\({}^{2}\) = 0.56) (Figure 1). _Fusarium_ head blight was not affected by the Mn content of the grain.  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c} \hline
**Treatment** & **2014** & **2015** & **2016** & **Average for Treatment** \\ \hline Without fertilisation & 12.67 a & 1.33 c & 0.67 c & 1.89 a \\
150 kg N ha\({}^{-1}\) & 9.67 a–c & 2.00 c & 0.67 c & 4.11 a \\
150 kg N ha\({}^{-1}\) + 0.5 kg Mn ha\({}^{-1}\) & 9.33 a–c & 0.67 c & 2.67 bc & 4.22 a \\
150 kg N ha\({}^{-1}\) + 1.5 kg Mn ha\({}^{-1}\) & 12.33 ab & 1.33 c & 0.33 c & 4.67 a \\
200 kg N ha\({}^{-1}\) & 16.67 a & 2.00 c & 1.33 c & 6.67 a \\
200 kg N ha\({}^{-1}\) + 0.5 kg Mn ha\({}^{-1}\) & 15.33 a & 0.67 c & 0.33 c & 5.44 a \\
200 kg N ha\({}^{-1}\) + 1.5 kg Mn ha\({}^{-1}\) & 12.67 a & 0.01 c & 0.67 c & 4.44 a \\ \hline \end{tabular} a,b,c—values followed by the same letters do not differ significantly in Tukey’s (HSD) test (\(p<0.05\)).  
\end{table}
Table 6: Infestation with _Fusarium_ spp. after application of N and Mn fertilisers, infection index %.  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c} \hline
**Treatment** & **2014** & **2015** & **2016** & **Average for Treatment** \\ \hline Without fertilisation & 12.27 h & 15.25 gh & 21.34 bc & 16.3 d \\
150 kg N ha\({}^{-1}\) & 15.63 g & 19.20 c–f & 23.84 ab & 19.6 c \\
150 kg N ha\({}^{-1}\) + 0.5 kg Mn ha\({}^{-1}\) & 16.11 fg & 19.47 c–e & 25.76 a & 20.4 a–c \\
150 kg N ha\({}^{-1}\) + 1.5 kg Mn ha\({}^{-1}\) & 15.84 g & 19.95 c–e & 23.89 ab & 19.9 bc \\
200 kg N ha\({}^{-1}\) & 17.76 d–g & 20.85 b–d & 25.07 a & 21.2 ab \\
200 kg N ha\({}^{-1}\) + 0.5 kg Mn ha\({}^{-1}\) & 17.49 e–g & 20.96 bc & 26.13 a & 21.5 a \\
200 kg N ha\({}^{-1}\) + 1.5 kg Mn ha\({}^{-1}\) & 17.49 e–g & 21.33 bc & 24.94 a & 21.2 ab \\ \hline \end{tabular} a,b,c,d,e,f,g,h—values followed by the same letters do not differ significantly in Tukey’s (HSD) test (\(p<0.05\)).  
\end{table}
Table 4: Content of N in grain after application of N and Mn fertilisers, g kg\({}^{-1}\).  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c} \hline
**Treatment** & **2014** & **2015** & **2016** & **Average for Treatment** \\ \hline Without fertilisation & 19.83 l & 20.37 l & 29.70 d–f & 23.30 b \\
150 kg N ha\({}^{-1}\) & 20.90 kl & 22.57 kl & 30.20 de & 24.56 b \\
150 kg N ha\({}^{-1}\) + 0.5 kg Mn ha\({}^{-1}\) & 22.80 kl & 21.83 kl & 29.03 d–g & 24.56 b \\
150 kg N ha\({}^{-1}\) + 1.5 kg Mn ha\({}^{-1}\) & 27.53 d–h & 25.83 f–j & 34.43 bc & 29.97 a \\
200 kg N ha\({}^{-1}\) & 25.23 g–j & 27.53 d–h & 30.83 cd & 27.87 a \\
200 kg N ha\({}^{-1}\) + 0.5 kg Mn ha\({}^{-1}\) & 23.87 h–l & 24.80 h–k & 35.03 b & 27.90 a \\
200 kg N ha\({}^{-1}\) + 1.5 kg Mn ha\({}^{-1}\) & 26.23 e–i & 24.43 h–k & 38.50 a & 29.72 a \\ \hline \end{tabular} a,b,c,d,e,f,g,h,i,j,k,l—values followed by the same letters do not differ significantly in [PERSON]’s (HSD) test (\(p<0.05\)).  
\end{table}
Table 5: Content of Mn in grain, after application of N and Mn fertilisers, mg kg\({}^{-1}\).