# Optimizing Aircraft Routes in Dynamic Conditions Utilizing Multi-Criteria Parameters
## 3 Materials and Methods
Thunderstorms are quite a dangerous weather phenomenon, and, as a rule, all pilots and controllers try to avoid these phenomena, so flight planning takes into account the fact that the flight path will be increased. In addition, a thunderstorm carries the risk of unpredictable wind changes that pose a danger during takeoff or landing, as this phase of the flight occurs at low altitudes, which reduces the reaction time. This factor causes either an increase in the flight path or a flight delay to optimize the flight path and avoid additional hazards. Jet streams are high-speed air currents that have a significant impact on flight efficiency. This factor, if it occurs along the flight path, can significantly impact flight efficiency and airtime, either by slowing down or speeding up the flight. There are currently a large number of studies on these topics, but for this study, we will consider the proposed practical solution for optimizing the tailwind trajectory [9]. This study provides examples of calculations and shows the practical advantages of the solution for commercial flights in route planning. An example of an optimal downwind flight path is given in [18] (that takes into account wind directions along the entire flight path). From [18], it can be seen that a significant part of the flight takes place with a tailwind, and this results in significant fuel savings. Also, based on the data on the efficiency of aircraft flights at different altitudes and characteristics during vertical climb, methods for building an optimal flight path in terms of airtime and optimal fuel consumption are proposed. The above research examples show that if we consider weather data and apply the aircraft profile data on vertical climb and cruise, we can build a trajectory that will be optimal in terms of two criteria (flight duration and fuel consumption). Another good example of building an optimal flight path is taking into account weather forecasts [12]. Work [19] shows examples of flight planning options for both avoiding a dangerous (red) zone and flying over a cyclone. So, given the weather forecast, the algorithm for building the optimal flight path should have a mechanism for efficiently analyzing forecast data and plotting the optimal route, taking into account the aircraft profile in terms of fuel consumption at different altitudes during cruise and climb. Also, any algorithm for building an optimal flight path should compare losses in terms of fuel consumption or time delays in case of a need to change the route in a vertical profile or simply flying around a dangerous area. It is also worth noting that, having considered the basic algorithms for building a flight path (their advantages and disadvantages), it is possible to formulate the basic requirements for a technological solution that will ensure the search for the optimal route. When constructing a technological solution for flight planning in modern conditions, many factors must be taken into account: economic factors, speed, weather conditions and their dynamics, departure time and flight duration, route length (distance) to be covered by the aircraft, and safety requirements [9; 19; 20]. The main requirements for a technological solution for optimizing aircraft routes in modern conditions include the following:  
* Cost-effectiveness: the solution must account for fuel, maintenance, and other economic factors to maximize flight profitability. * Performance: the system must provide fast and efficient route planning, especially when there is a large amount of data or when resources are limited. * Adaptability to weather conditions: dynamic changes in weather conditions such as wind must be taken into account to ensure route accuracy. * Departure time and flight duration: route optimization should minimize the flight duration, accounting for current conditions and possible delays. * Route length (distance): the system should determine the most efficient route in terms of distance traveled, which will affect fuel consumption and flight duration.