## 3 Results and Discussion
### Essential Oil Chemical Composition
The novelty of this work highlights the presence of three new chemotypes contained in the _A. herba-alba_ EOs harvested during the following three periods (March, June, and September) and impacted by abiotic/biotic factors, as well as their chemical variability intraspecific. Then, we obtain an idea of the type of EO chemical constituents (mixture) involved in the improvement of the antibacterial and antifungal effects. The GC-MS analyses revealed that the chemotype of the _A. herba-alba_ plant EO collected during the period of March is mainly dominated by the following six components: chrysanthenyl acetate (30%), \(\beta\)-thujone (23.2%), camphor (9.76%), trans \(\beta\)-dihydroterpineol (7.8%), \(\alpha\)-thujone (4.8%) and sesquiterpene davanone (3.9%). That of the period of June is characterized by the presence of five main components, with 1,8-cineole as new product: chrysanthenyl acetate (26.7%), \(\beta\)-thujone (12.9%), camphor (14.3%), 1,8-cineole (11.7%), and trans \(\beta\)-dihydroterpineol (7.2%). As for that of September, it is characterized by the presence of six majority compounds, of which chrysanthenone appears as a new former: chrysanthenyl acetate (27.6%), \(\beta\)-thujone (15.4%), camphor (15.8%), chrysanthenone (14%), 1,8-cineole (11.8%), trans \(\beta\)-dihydroterpineol (6.9%), and \(\alpha\)-thujone (5.4%). A comparison of our findings to numerous recent and updated literature data (from 2015 to 2022) of A. herba-alba essential oils (Table 2) reveals that the most predominant previously reported chemotypes are \(\alpha/\beta\)-thujone, camphor, and chrysanthenone, which are present in our findings, with a surplus of another major compound, cis chrysanthenyl acetate. Sabinyl acetate (13%) and both \(\alpha\)- and \(\beta\)-thujone (57.3%) have already been described as a new chemotype of A. herba-alba growing wild in South-East Morocco in the region of Ziz [19]. However, a too-significant difference has been recorded as compared to Saudi Arabian essential oils (EOs), indicating the presence of other, mainly unusual compounds such as piperitone (44.6%) and (Z)- and (E)-ethylcinnamate (14.7%, 4.6%) [73]. In the case of Northern African EOs, the change has not affected the preponderant constituents (\(\alpha/\beta\)-thujone, camphor, chrysanthenone), but rather concerns those presenting a relative proportion, such as verbenone (8.3%), sabinol (7.5%), carvone (5.1%) [74], and filifolone (12.7%) [75]. In the case of Algerian EOs, the following components with different proportions were manifested: norboman-zone (25.7%), enorborane (5.5%), bomeol (3%) [76]; while in the case of Tunisian EOs, other unusual compounds were present, such as vanilyl alcohol (11.5%), nor-davanone (7.8%), cis three-davanafuran (5.8%), isobornyl n-butyrate (4.9%), and trans arbusculone (4.5%) [77]. For Moroccan EOs, the presence of both cis carryl acetate (2.8%) and bornel (2.6%) was recently reported [78]. In this finding, and according to numerous recent literature data of chemical compositions (Table 2), the Moroccan Middle-East-Atlas oils stand out from the others by the marked coexistence of cis chrysanthenyl acetate and chrysanthenone [19; 79], similar to those originating from Libyan EOs [80]. Another factor of discrimination in our study is the appearance of other compounds presenting a moderate amount, such as 1,8-cineole (11.8%), trans \(\beta\)-dihydro terpineol (7.8%), and davanone (3.9%). As for Jordan EOs, the manifested difference concerns verbenone (8.3%), sabinol (7.5%), carvone (5.1%), and a higher concentration of 1,8-cineole (20%) [11].