# Agriculture 5.0 in Colombia: Opportunities Through the Emerging 6G Network
## 2 Background
### Projected Frequency Bands in 6G
In this regard, some results have already been shared with the community involved in the 6G ecosystem, as presented by Samsung in collaboration with the University of California, Santa Barbara, in 2021, with the world's first 140 GHz end-to-end system, digitally formed by up to 16 channels and with dynamic beam steering capability, demonstrating the potential of bands in the THz range [39]. Additionally, various countries have begun to establish a roadmap aimed at the development of 6G in their territories. For example, India, through its 6G program, recommends strengthening research on frequencies between 90 and 3000 GHz [40]. Although high bands will provide additional bandwidth in the order of GHz, their use involves additional challenges, specifically regarding the high levels of path loss in the wireless channel. Figure 3 presents a graph showing the approximate attenuation levels caused by different frequency values. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c} \hline \hline
**Frequency Band** & **Features** \\ \hline
470/698 MHz & Deliberations concerning this issue are anticipated at the World Radiocommunication Conference (WRC) planned for 2031. \\ \hline
700 MHz/800 MHz/900 MHz & Low bands for broadband electronic communications. \\ \hline
1500 MHz/1800 MHz/2 GHz/ & Mid bands for broadband electronic communications. \\
2.6 GHz/3.6 GHz & High bands for broadband electronic communications. \\ \hline
26 GHz/42 GHz & High bands for broadband electronic communications. \\ \hline
3.8–4.2 GHz & Low/medium power local area networks. \\ \hline
6425–7125 MHz & Deployment of wireless access systems (WAS), including local area radio networks (RLAN). \\ \hline
4400–4800 MHz/7125–7250 MHz/ & Under study at the 2027 WRC. \\
7750–8400 MHz/14.8–15.35 GHz & \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 4: RSPG-suggested bands for future 6G spectrum allocation [33]. Figure 3 shows that attenuation above 30 GHz is excessively high for links just one kilometer in distance. Therefore, the use of this portion of the spectrum is more suitable for short-range solutions. Regarding the Colombian scenario, as is the case in many countries, the frequency bands to be allocated for the deployment of future 6G networks have not yet been defined. However, Colombia, through the National Spectrum Agency (ANE), has participated in the ITU working sessions focused on IMT and 6G development [42]. Additionally, the Communications Regulation Commission (CRC) believes that, although 5G networks have not reached a significant coverage percentage in Colombian territory, it is necessary to start early preparations for the implementation of 6G, as other nations have already achieved [43]. Therefore, given Colombia's tradition of acting in harmony with global trends in spectrum management, and in addition to identifying global trends regarding 6G spectrum requirements, it is important to have a detailed understanding of the current spectrum allocation for mobile telephony services. In summary, the choice of frequency bands in 6G is not merely a technical matter, but also a strategic one. Low and mid-bands will offer an optimal balance between coverage and capacity, which is essential to ensure efficient connectivity in vast rural areas where network infrastructure is often limited. High bands, on the other hand, despite their significant range limitations, allow for extremely high transmission speeds, enabling applications such as real-time image analysis, integration of digital twins, and the use of AI for autonomous decision-making in the field.