## 2 Materials and Methods
### Exposure Settings with Nonspecific Conditions  
The parallel combination of an AC MF and a static one is supposed by the IPR theory of the non-thermal biological impact of ELF MF. Within this set of experiments, the GMF was considered as the static component. Measurement of geomagnetic flux density in the exposure configuration was conducted using a magnetometer equipped with the three-axis electronic compass HMC5883L (Honeywell International, Inc., Charlotte, NC, USA). This sensor was selected due to its affordability, a suitable measuring range of \(\pm\)800 \(\upmu\)T, and a resolution of up to 0.5 \(\upmu\)T, along with a high level of accuracy of 2\({}^{\circ}\) guaranteed by the manufacturer. Furthermore, anisotropic magnetoresistive technology was employed by this sensor to ensure axial sensitivity and linearity. The fundamental functionality revolved around the conversion of the Earth's magnetic field into a voltage differential on three axes, denoted as x, y, and z in the Cartesian coordinate system. Initially, the magnetic flux density of the static MF background was measured at the center of the incubator without the presence of shielding and coils. This measured value amounted to 39 \(\upmu\)T and was subsequently employed to calculate the values of the alternating component of the magnetic flux density, \(B_{\text{AC}}\) (as per Equation (4)), driven by sinusoidal harmonic current (as per Equation (5)). In accordance with [PERSON] et al. 's [PERSON] et al. (2018) methodology, the cyclotron resonance frequency \(f_{\text{C}}\), as listed in Table 2, of various ions was calculated in agreement with the IPR theory (as per Equation (6)). These ions are commonly found in the eukaryotic cells of _Saccharomyces cerevisiae_ and are essential for their normal function. Considering the charge-to-mass ratio \(\frac{d}{m}\) provided for each ion in Table 2, it is possible to compute their respective cyclotron frequencies. The frequency of Mg2+ cyclotron motion is approximately 50 Hz, which aligns with the frequency of the alternating component of EMF under investigation in this study, indicating that the experiments were specifically targeted at this ion. Assuming the 39 \(\upmu\)T as static component, the alternating MF was set to 70.2 \(\upmu\)T to achieve the highest possible biological response, and under such settings and conditions, the initial set of experiments was performed with the belief that IPR conditions had been met. The exposure settings were thus characterized by  
\[B_{\text{AC}}=1.8\cdot B_{\text{DC}}=1.8\cdot 39\cdot 10^{-6}\text{ T}=70.2\ \upmu\text{T} \tag{4}\]  
\[i(t)=0.112\ \text{Asin}(2\up\pi f_{\text{C}}\ t) \tag{5}\]  
Figure 1: Block diagram of the exposure configuration. Letters A–E represents respective position of the sample. where  
\[f_{\text{C}}=f_{AC}=\frac{1}{n}\frac{1}{2\pi}\frac{q}{m}B_{\text{DC}}=50\text{ Hz} \tag{6}\]  
The control samples were cultivated in the second coil system, to assure identical positioning, air conditions and comparable temperature conditions, but without any excitation signal. The magnetic field of the control coil was also measured and could be characterized by values in Table 3 (evidence can be found in the Supplementary Files, where the measurements of static MF within the incubator under various scenarios are presented), meaning that the control samples were exposed only to naturally occurring static MF within the incubator. However, from the subsequent GMF measurements, it is evident that the conditions of the IPR theory were not fulfilled during the exposure. The control measurement of the geomagnetic flux density \(B_{\text{DC}}\) and the parameter \(\alpha\), which refers to the angle between the static and generated AC magnetic field (which should be in parallel orientation), was carried out individually for each position of the exposure coil sample in the complete experimental setup. The results of these measurements are presented in Table 3, with the sensor being rotated in the same manner for each measurement.