# Groundwater and Urban Planning Perspective
## 1 Introduction  
Urban planners, innovators, and researchers are increasingly working on sustainable and smart initiatives for urban transformation [1]. Various perspectives and disciplines related to radical change towards sustainable and smart urban systems are being integrated into urban plans and strategies. Despite the growing body of evidence highlighting the importance of groundwater to the support of urban living, the impact of urbanism on natural groundwater systems is rarely considered in city systems planning [2], even in such cases where groundwater dynamics could modify the buildings structural behavior. Discrepancies in communication between the scientific community and city administrations add to the difficulties in addressing urban resilience and hydrogeology issues. Reliable subsurface management must be based on relevant knowledge and an understanding of the phenomena, processes, and data, which must be accessible, as well as knowledge of urban planning procedures to minimize the impact of urban developments on the water cycle. Experts should use robust datasets on urban fabric, infrastructure networks, groundwater, and geothermal energy systems at the urban scale [3]. The influence of urban planning on hydrology has been explored by [PERSON] et al. [4]. The authors [4] identify the need for building accurate hydrogeological models that can be used as tools for urban planning decisions. These models must be based on accurate geological modeling which takes into account both vertical and lateral facies variations. Consequently, accurate local studies are needed to characterize hydraulically anthropogenicheterogeneous deposits and embankments. The models should englobe the influence of the underground structures and consider the drains, dewatering systems, and the losses from the water supply transportation pipes. In Canada and the United States, the required level of groundwater information for land use planning purposes has been described by [PERSON] et al. [PERSON] et al. (2018), and demonstrates that the centralization of groundwater data leads to an increased accessibility for land planners. The paper also confirmed the existing gap between groundwater information production and regional planning. The urgent need to guide urban planners on how to manage urban development with minimal damage to groundwater resources has also been demonstrated in several works [PERSON] et al. (2018); [PERSON] et al. (2018). [PERSON] et al. [PERSON] et al. (2018) provided solutions on how to protect groundwater for the development of water-sensitive urban planning. The paper highlighted the effects of urban development on the quantity and quality of rainwater that infiltrates into the soil on its way to recharge the aquifer. The authors analyzed the effect of urban development on runoff and infiltration processes, focusing on the effect of certain patterns of urban development and identifying options to mitigate the negative aspects through relatively simple and inexpensive means. Components of urban planning which influence runoff and infiltration were presented. As an aid to understanding the urbanization process and to the designing of policies and regulations, [PERSON] et al. [PERSON] et al. (2018) studied the impacts of urbanization on land cover changes and its probable implications for the local climate and groundwater level. The authors pointed out that the increase in the urban built-up area over the last two decades led to fluctuations of the groundwater level in the Howrah Municipal Corporation (HMC) area of the Indian state of West Bengal. In the city of Erbil, in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq, [PERSON] et al. [PERSON] et al. (2018) identified a significant correlation between urbanization areas and groundwater levels. As the urban expansion increased by 278% between 2004 and 2014, a decline in groundwater levels was detected in the study area [PERSON] et al. (2018). A study focusing [PERSON] et al.