## 4 Implementation in Seismic Monitoring of a Large-Scale Building Using Two Vision-Based Systems  
### Monitoring Setup and Building Description  
The accuracy of image enhancement in measuring seismic vibrations and identifying structural dynamic characteristics was evaluated using a large-scale seismic shake table test of a three-story reinforced concrete (RC) building, as shown in Figure 7. The test was part of the Tokyo Metropolitan Resilience Project Subproject C and was performed in December 2019 at the National Research Institute for Earth Science and Disaster Resilience (NIED) in Kobe, Japan. The tests were dedicated to improving the resiliency of buildings and developing SHM techniques that could rapidly assess the safety of the buildings after major seismic shaking due to their post-disaster functions. More information related to the project or the building system can be found in [PERSON] et al. (2019). Two vision sensor systems and their configurations used in seismic monitoring are shown in Table 7, in which both systems used CMOS sensors. The first system comprised two high-speed (HS) cameras shown as Cam 1 and Cam 2 in Figure 7, which were similar to those used in the validation test. The second system used a standalone DSLR (SD), shown as Cam A and Cam B in Figure 7, which recorded monochrome videos of the tests. The SD system test videos were later converted into continuous images with a resolution of 1920 \(\times\) 1080 pixels. The sampling rates for the seismic test were selected as 32 frames-per-second for the HS system and the default setting of 30-frames-per-second was selected for the SD system. Both vision systems completely relied on the ambient light sources in \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c c c c c c c c} \hline \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**Measurement**} & \multicolumn{8}{c}{**Point**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**Measurement**} & \multicolumn{8}{c}{**Point**} \\ \cline{3-14}  & & **1** & **2** & **3** & **4** & **5** & **6** & & **1** & **2** & **3** & **4** & **5** & **6** \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{(1)} & \(\delta\) (mm) & 25.83 & 24.92 & 25.35 & 25.47 & 25.79 & 25.32 & \multirow{4}{*}{(4)} & \(\delta\) (mm) & 24.70 & 24.96 & 25.18 & 25.40 & 25.48 & 25.43 \\  & \(\Delta_{abs}\) (\%) & 1.71 & 1.89 & 0.18 & 0.27 & 1.55 & 0.31 & & \(\Delta_{abs}\) (\%) & 2.76 & 1.75 & 0.85 & 0.01 & 0.30 & 0.14 \\  & \(\Delta_{abs,mean}\) (\%) & \multicolumn{8}{c}{0.98} & \multicolumn{8}{c}{\(\Delta_{abs,mean}\) (\%)} & \multicolumn{8}{c}{0.97} \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{(2)} & \(\delta\) (mm) & 24.95 & 25.02 & 25.20 & 25.56 & 25.59 & 25.41 & \multirow{4}{*}{(5)} & \(\delta\) (mm) & 25.81 & 24.91 & 25.14 & 25.65 & 25.82 & 25.14 \\  & \(\Delta_{abs}\) (\%) & \multicolumn{8}{c}{0.78} & \multicolumn{8}{c}{0.65} & \multicolumn{8}{c}{0.74} & \multicolumn{8}{c}{0.06} & \multicolumn{8}{c}{0.48} & \multicolumn{8}{c}{0.63} & \multicolumn{8}{c}{0.194} & \multicolumn{8}{c}{1.02} & \multicolumn{8}{c}{1.00} & \multicolumn{8}{c}{1.64} & \multicolumn{8}{c}{1.01} \\  & \(\Delta_{abs,mean}\) (\%) & \multicolumn{8}{c}{0.92} & \multicolumn{8}{c}{\(\Delta_{abs,mean}\) (\%)} & \multicolumn{8}{c}{0.37} \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{(3)} & \(\delta\) (mm) & 24.83 & 25.01 & 25.20 & 25.44 & 25.58 & 25.51 & \multirow{4}{*}{(6)} & \(\delta\) (mm) & 25.06 & 25.03 & 25.14 & 25.22 & 25.15 & 25.51 \\  & \(\Delta_{abs}\) (\%) & \multicolumn{8}{c}{0.78} & \multicolumn{8}{c}{0.18} & \multicolumn{8}{c}{0.71} & \multicolumn{8}{c}{0.45} & \multicolumn{8}{c}{0.43} & \multicolumn{8}{c}{0.34} & \multicolumn{8}{c}{1.34} & \multicolumn{8}{c}{1.46} & \multicolumn{8}{c}{1.02} & \multicolumn{8}{c}{0.71} & \multicolumn{8}{c}{0.98} & \multicolumn{8}{c}{0.43} \\  & \(\Delta_{abs,mean}\) (\%) & \multicolumn{8}{c}{0.98} & \multicolumn{8}{c}{\(\Delta_{abs,mean}\) (\%)} & \multicolumn{8}{c}{0.99} & \multicolumn{8}{c}{0.99} \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular} (1) CS method; (2) CLAHE method; (3) HE method; (4) HRIO method; (5) HRDC method; (6) SD system.  
\end{table} 
Table 6: Measurement accuracy from one-inch steel block experiments using enhanced images.