# Survey: Using Augmented Reality to Improve Learning Motivation in Cultural Heritage Studies
## 5 System Classification
In addition, these devices have sensors such as gyroscopes, GPS, Bluetooth, and so on, which can be readily employed, as well. [55]. There are also some articles that mention VR, for instance the system described by [PERSON] [72], where they used low-cost devices like Google's CardBoards or GO from VRelia. In terms of tracking methodology, most of the AR systems were observed to focus on the recognition of 2D images/3D models and the use of the GPS, however, some of them also use other sensors like the NFC in TaggingCreaditor [7], Bluetooth [59; 109], laser scanners [76], etc. In Table 1, a relationship between the tracking methodology that the system uses and the model type (museums, art galleries, cultural heritage sites) is observed. In the case of cultural heritage sites, most of the systems' tracking methodology works through location, and 2D image/3D model recognition, and the majority are implemented in external environments. On the other hand, in the museums and art gallery categories, most of the systems focus on internal environments and use tracking methodologies like sensors and 2D image/3D model recognition. From the literature review and the elements mentioned above, few systems consider the aspects of adaptation, which agrees with what was mentioned in the article by [PERSON] [50]. In the case of content co-creation and motivation, few systems allow students and teachers to adapt and create content for CH education, nor do they focus on improving student motivation. As both aspects are important to consider for future research, and when developing applications, they were included in Table 1.  
From the analysis of the 84 articles selected (as well as the others that were considered in the literature review), the research questions previously proposed could now be answered. What Advantages, Disadvantages, Limitations and Challenges do AR Technologies have for the Subject of CH? The main advantage of using AR for CH education is that it improves learning performance, generates motivation [26], provides interaction with physical resources [11; 35], and encourages collaboration between users [26; 83]. It avoids being isolated from others [110], enhances user-perception of the surrounding environment by providing superimposed additional information using 2D and 3D graphics [3], develops a student's cognitive process [111], has an impact on learning retention [107] and is a highly reliable technology because it copies physical elements through digital files that can be used in conservation work [112] such as preserving buildings, masterpieces, ruins, etc. In other words, AR improves the user's experience by making reconstructions and exploring and managing the CH information [14]. Nowadays, Information and Communication Technologies (ICT), coupled with the evolution of smartphones, make AR applications attractive to CH sites like museums because they can be used to show different types of content to a wider audience [83]. As such, the number of AR applications used in CH is on the increase, and future predictions suggest this will be accompanied by an exponential increase in the numbers of AR technology users [91]. [PERSON] [26], for example, describes a study designed to identify the experience the user has with AR in an art appreciation class and concludes that employing AR is more effective compared to the use of audio guides in an art museum. This is because AR makes the information easier to digest through its audio and visual material. [PERSON] [26] also shows that in different studies, AR offers visitors interesting, fun, and challenging experiences, as well as immersive sensations. In educational applications, it also generates motivation and participation by attracting students and teachers through additional information. By integrating images between the real and virtual worlds, it diminishes the chance of students becoming overwhelmed by the amount of information available and, in turn, enhances their learning process [63].