## 5 Discussion  
The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of BDA and innovation as dynamic capabilities on firms' SCA. The empirical results demonstrate that BDAC has a significant effect on IC and that IC enhances SCA but BDA capabilities do not. The outcome of this study makes several contributions to the existing body of knowledge in this field. Specifically, this study is the first to explore the effect of DA level on BDAC and the role of BDAC and IC in attaining SCA.  
Our findings prove that an increase in DA level positively affects BDAC; the results of the conceptual model support H1. Indeed, when a firm's system is integrated with BDA--all components are connected to IoT, and backup system is effective--the availability of data will increase, which, in turn, will enhance BDAC. However, the BDAC will not be enhanced if the DA in the manufacturing companies is not supported with IoT technology enablers.  
In addition, an increase in BDAC has a positive effect on IC, so the results of the model support H2. Therefore, firms implementing BDA are more innovative than others that do not [60]. This result is consistent with the findings of [PERSON] [66] and [PERSON] [83]. Moreover, an increase in IC has a positive effect on SCA, so the results of this study support H4. This result confirms the findings of many similar studies [14; 42; 84]. In practice, these results are obtained when a firm continuously utilizes new and up-to-date technologies in processes, introduces new products, uses the latest technologies in its products or adopts innovativeness in marketing and promotion. Additionally, the results emphasize that BDAC has a key role in enhancing IC by prompting a firm to adopt the latest technologies in products and processes, introduce new products and innovate in marketing and promotion. In this regard, if the manufacturing companies did not support the BDAC variables, the ability of the companies to cope with the rapid advancements in technologies and market changes will be reduced. Furthermore, whilst reviewing the related literature, we observed that very few studies investigated the BDAC effect on firm SCA. The only study found, to the extent of our review, was a study published in 2020 by [PERSON] et al. [36], which was conducted at the supply chain level in the agriculture industry and concluded that BDAC is an enabler of sustainable performance. Moreover, no other study has previously investigated the role of DA in reinforcing BDAC. Therefore, this study is the first in conceptualizing the DA construct and synthesizing the SCA construct at the firm level.  
In practice, this model is applicable and very efficient in highly customized and technologically advanced production environments where massive amounts of data are generated. Therefore, this model is not useful when it is employed in traditional mass production systems where no highly customized products are needed and the big data will not benefit the producers compared with amount of investment in this filed. In addition to this, the model is not applicable when firms do not have an \(\Pi\) system or enough flexibility to adapt to a wide range of market requirements or to respond to all customer requirements. In such cases, the BD and BDAC may not impact the IC and thus the SCA will not be enhanced. The same can be considered for companies of low competition or market monopoly.  
Finally, this study examines DA issues, e.g., network requirements, as a prerequisite for BDA. In addition, this study assists managers in deciding where to invest and allocate resources, focusing on dynamic capabilities as essential enablers for SCA at the firm level in the manufacturing industry.