## 2 Materials and Methods
### Methodology
#### 2.1.3 Analysis Process  
The plastic injection molding process involves a series of variables that directly influence the quality of the final product. A meticulous statistical analysis, using Python tools, is essential to evaluate the suitability of the process and ensure product consistency and quality. The selection of critical variables for algorithmic analysis depends on the specific objective of the study and its relationship to product quality or process performance. However, some parameters commonly considered critical in plastic injection molding include the following:  
* **Injection Time:** Injection time is a critical parameter that determines the quality of mold filling and the final characteristics of the product. An excessively short injection time can result in incomplete parts or air bubbles, while an excessively long time can cause the premature solidification of the material and flash. * **Cycle Time:** Cycle time represents the total time it takes to complete an injection cycle, including filling time, holding time, and cooling time. A short cycle time increases process efficiency and production capacity but must be carefully optimized to avoid sacrificing product quality. * **Maximum Injection Speed:** The maximum injection speed controls how quickly the material is injected into the mold. An excessively high speed can generate turbu  
Figure 5: Integrated system workflow. lence, air bubble formation, and parts with thin areas or low density. Conversely, an excessively low speed can result in incomplete filling or premature solidification. * **Maximum Injection Pressure:** The maximum injection pressure determines the force with which the plastic is injected into the mold. Adequate pressure is necessary to compact the material and ensure complete filling, especially in complex areas or with thin walls. However, excessive pressure can generate flash, deformation, or even damage to the mold. * **Hold Transfer Pressure:** The hold transfer pressure is applied during the holding time, once the mold has been filled. Its purpose is to maintain pressure on the material while it solidifies, contributing to the consolidation of the product and improving its mechanical properties. Adequate hold pressure is crucial for obtaining high-quality parts that are free of shrinkage. * **Maximum Backpressure:** The maximum backpressure refers to the resistance that the material opposes to flow during injection. An appropriate backpressure value helps control the distribution of the material in the mold, prevents the formation of air bubbles, and improves the homogeneity of the product. However, excessive backpressure can make it difficult to fill the mold and increase the risk of defects. * **Average Backpressure:** The average backpressure provides valuable information about the stability of the process during the injection cycle. A stable value indicates a consistent and controlled process, while significant fluctuations may indicate problems such as obstructions in the injection system or variations in material quality. * **Oil Temperature:** The oil temperature in the injection machine's hydraulic system affects the viscosity of the plastic. An appropriate oil temperature is important to ensure a uniform flow of material during injection and avoid problems such as premature solidification or incomplete filling. In following the methodology proposed by [PERSON] et al. [20], the following steps were taken to characterize the machine: the technical and operational characteristics of the machine under study were determined. Then, the relevant parameters for the analysis were established, considering input, output, and control variables so that historical operating records of the machine could be collected, ensuring the quality and consistency of the information. With the aim of applying statistical analysis techniques to evaluate the correlation and relevance of the variables with respect to the study objective.