# Prediction of Changes in Blood Parameters Induced by Low-Frequency Ultrasound
## 3 Results
### Statistical Analysis
The research method of pairwise comparison of ultrasound signal values for the five most responsive blood parameters (RBC, HTC, MCH, MCHC, MID (%)) was applied and is shown in (Figure 5). With all other blood parameters, the same heptagon pattern was obtained, with all red linear connections. The heptagon vertices depicted in Figure 5 correspond to the following ultrasonic exposure values: initial status (0 H); 1 (180 H); 2 (180 M); 3 (90 W); 4 (90 H); 5 (90 M); 6 (180 W). Different colors of the junctions between the peaks indicate different \(p\)-values between the pairs (the values of the corresponding blood parameter affected by the different ultrasound signals). If the line is blue, the \(p\)-value is <0.05; otherwise, the line is red. Nevertheless, our primary focus lies in the pairs featuring a zero-heptagon vertex, which refers to the initial values of the blood parameter. When considering a zero vertex, blue connections are frequently observed with vertices 4 (90 H) and 1 (180 H), which serve as indications of a high-intensity ultrasound signal lasting for 90 s and 180 s, respectively. Furthermore, there exists a more pronounced interdependence among vertices 1, 3, and 6. More details are provided in Table 4, which shows the specific \(p\)-values adjusted with Bonferroni connection between the blood parameters' initial values and those exposed to different ultrasound signals. The table reveals a significant impact of the 90 H ultrasound signal on denoted blood parameter values. In contrast, medium ultrasound signals (90 M and 180 M) exhibit a considerably lower effect, and weak signals do not appear to have a significant influence on any of the five blood parameters. The graphs in Figure 6 show the results of the Kruskal-Wallis test for blood parameters with a significance level of >0.05. It is evident that exposure to high-intensity 180 H and 90 H ultrasound signals can lead to both an increase and a decrease in parameter values. Figure 3: Independent-sample Kruskal–Wallis test results for four different blood parameters with a \(p\)-value of \(>0.05\) (null hypothesis is retained). — the limits of the norm for a particular parameter, the norm area, which defines the normal range for the indicated blood parameter. (**a**) RDW parameter. (**b**) MCV parameter. (**c**) HGB parameter. (**d**) LYM parameter. Figure 4: Independent-sample Kruskal–Wallis test results on different blood parameters with a very low \(p\)-value (\(<\) 0.001). The red line shows the limits of the norm for a particular parameter, the norm area, which defines the normal range for the denoted blood parameter. (**a**) RBC parameter. (**b**) HTC parameter. (**c**) MCH parameter. (**d**) MCHC parameter. (**e**) MID (%) parameter. Figure 5: Pairwise comparison of each parameter (V1) where each node shows the sample average rank of V1. The vertices of the hexagon correspond to the following values of ultrasonic exposure: 0 (0 C); 1 (180 H); 2 (180 M); 3 (90 W); 4 (90 H); 5 (90 M); 6 (180 W). \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{l c c c c c c} \hline \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**Blood Parameter**} & \multirow{2}{*}{\(p\)**-Values Adjusted by the Bonferroni Correction**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**0 C-180 W**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**0 C-90 M**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**0 C-180 H**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**0 C-90 H**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**0 C-90 W**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**0 C-180 M**} \\ \hline RBC & 1.000 & 1.000 & 0.469 & 0.037 & 1.000 & 1.000 \\ \hline HTC & 1.000 & 1.000 & 0.324 & 0.047 & 1.000 & 1.000 \\ \hline MCH & 1.000 & 0.008 & 0.000 & 0.000 & 1.000 & 0.03 \\ \hline MCHC & 1.000 & 0.000 & 0.000 & 0.000 & 1.000 & 0.000 \\ \hline MID, \% & 1.000 & 1.000 & 0.028 & 1.000 & 1.000 & 1.000 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 4: [PERSON]’s test results for the blood parameters most affected by ultrasound signals. Figure 6: Independent-sample Kruskal-Wallis test results on different blood parameters with a \(p\)-value of \(<\) 0.05. The red line shows the limits of the norm for a particular parameter, the norm area. (**a**) WBC parameter with \(p\)-value = 0.010.