## 2 Literature Review
The optimization of transfer flows in subway stations was studied by [PERSON] et al. [37] and [PERSON] and [PERSON] [38], while the study of pedestrian queues on subway platforms was researched by [PERSON] et al. [39]. The simulation of pedestrian behavior at subway doors was examined by [PERSON] et al. [40]. The reaction of users and changes in pedestrian behavior with different platform widths was explored by [PERSON] et al. [41], and the pedestrian congestion index in stations was proposed by [PERSON] et al. [42]. The simulation of pedestrian behavior at the Omonia Station of the Athens Metro was conducted by [PERSON] [43]. As can be seen, the studies on the analysis and optimization of pedestrian flow in subway stations date back to the last decade. Previously, pedestrian flows were only considered in emergency evacuation conditions, such as accidents, fires, or wartime scenarios. This last parameter is a crucial design aspect in the Soviet Union's subway station design standard, and it was also present in China's standards until 1992. In this regard, pedestrian behavior in emergency conditions has been modeled by [PERSON] et al. [44], and the most commonly used pedestrian parameters can be found in the Capacity and Service Quality Manual [45]. Recent studies [46] reported that key factors should be considered in the design of metro stations, such as track alignment, tunneling strategy, station typology, operations and maintenance, procurement strategy, and environmental aspects. The station typology is a relevant factor, being a critical engineering choice that involves balancing conflicting constraints such as subsea tunneling [47]. The planning of green infrastructure should consider its overall contribution to the sustainable development of the city, with special attention to the design of the metro station considering the interaction between public sectors, metro operators, and logistics companies, among others [48]. It is important to note that the vitality of underground spaces in metro stations is influenced by different factors, such as accessibility, visibility, spatial scale, business distribution, and the physiological and traffic environments [49]. Therefore, the type of station is a relevant factor when designing these underground spaces. Other factors, such as connectivity, temporality, and interdependency, should be also considered [50]. Several architectural characteristics influence the passenger experience, including the configuration of the concourse level, the geometry of the platform hall, and the use of art elements [51]. The authors found that accessibility and the station's position within the city and neighborhood also affect comfort and safety. In some cases, the design of metro stations tends to focus primarily on functionality, with many stations having similar designs that lack innovation. This has led to a failure in promoting urban culture and enhancing city visibility. The authors [52] explored design concepts for metro station entrances, considering both exterior and interior spaces, with the goal of creating more innovative and culturally significant designs for future metro stations. Therefore, metro stations should be designed and considered as a node place [53]. These spaces are not only points or junctions in which flows of passengers are attracted or generated, but also places where they interact with the city  
Despite the progress in studies, there is a noticeable gap in knowledge regarding the typology of subway stations, which this study aims to address through passenger simulation, including their behavior in spaces such as platforms.