###### Abstract
Silicon technology is popular among solar cell designs due to its efficiency and suitability. Photovoltaic (PV) systems consist of cells that convert direct sunlight radiation into electricity [16]. [PERSON] et al. [17] reviewed the levelized cost of electricity (LCOE) for solar renewable energy with the help of the case study based on Ontario power authority, Canada. It is concluded that the high initial cost of PV can be overcome by the combination of low-interest rate, long-term loans, and high discount rate. Aiming to reduce the effect of high energy consumption, the industry should also focus on the process level of products. Sustainable machining is an important field of sustainable manufacturing aimed to reduce the machining cost, waste and power consumption provided in order to provide cleaner production. Sustainable machining involves cryogenic machining, dry machining, and near dry machining also called minimum quantity lubrication (MQL) [18]. MQL used in machining provides a major contribution to reduce carbon emission and energy consumption. MQL aims to minimize the force of friction and enhance the quality of a product. An MQL system is sustainable, improves the life of tools, provides a safe and hygienic environment to workers [19], and enhances the efficiency of machine tools in the form of minimum energy consumption [20]. A breakdown of machining costs is given in Figure 1 in terms of percentages of energy, cutting fluid, cutting tool, waste, etc. [21]. These results show the need to analyze the factor of cutting fluid carrying 15% cost, which is even more than the cost of the cutting tool. That is the reason, the selection of MQL in machining is highly significant for providing economic advantages along with environmental and societal benefits to the worker for sustainable machining. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Energy Source** & **2012** & **2020** & **2025** & **2030** & **2035** & **2040** & **\% Change Annually** \\ \hline Total World & 222.3 & 245.8 & 262.6 & 278.0 & 294.0 & 309.1 & 1.2 \\ Liquid fuel & 66.5 & 72.2 & 76.5 & 80.6 & 84.6 & 88.6 & 1.0 \\ Natural gas & 50.7 & 56.2 & 62.0 & 68.0 & 74.5 & 80.4 & 1.7 \\ Coal & 55.7 & 62.0 & 64.3 & 66.0 & 67.2 & 68.7 & 0.8 \\ Electricity & 31.9 & 37.2 & 40.0 & 42.2 & 44.3 & 46.3 & 1.3 \\ Renewable & 17.4 & 18.2 & 19.7 & 21.3 & 23.0 & 25.1 & 1.3 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 1: World industrial sector energy consumption data, 2012–2040 (quadrillion Btu) [10]. This study is a step toward sustainable development in a manufacturing sector through the selection of MQL at the process level and utilization of cleaner-energy technology in manufacturer-supplier supply chain. The main contribution is to quantify the amount of carbon footprint reduction by the application of renewable energy. The analysis is providing a platform to adopt a renewable energy as a source in the automobile part industry for sustainable manufacturing. Globally, these tangible environmental advantages will help the policy makers to understand the positive impact of renewable energy to face the global warming challenge in production and supply chain management. The paper is structured as follows: Section 2 presents a literature regarding sustainability, renewable energy and carbon footprint. Furthermore, Section 3 shows the formulation of a mathematical model considering assumptions along with solution methodology, where weighted multiobjective goal programming (WGA) is revised for analysis of the model. Sections 4 and 5 depict the numerical example and results, respectively, to validate the practical applications of the proposed goal-oriented model. Section 6 presents the sensitivity analysis of the model to determine the effect of energy utilization on the manufacturing system in supply chain. Finally, Section 7 presents the conclusions of this study.