## 4 Conclusions  
In this study, the effect of reinforcement configurations of columns and beams on the element ductility of an eight-story sample structure investigated by the pushover static analysis method for the cases of only hooked or unhooked reinforcement configurations is investigated. In this framework, the C10, C16, C20, C25, and C50 concrete classes were used, which are commonly encountered in developing countries due to workmanship errors. The variable factors in the study are hook angle, concrete strength, and material models used in the numerical analysis. Hook angles: 135\({}^{\circ}\) and 90\({}^{\circ}\). The distance between the transverse doublings was the same for all specimens, i.e., 10 cm. The data obtained from the analyses, mathematical inputs such as the compressive strengths of the confined concrete, and the displacements corresponding to the maximum load were compared considering the mathematical models of [PERSON] et al., Kent-Scott-Park, and Kappos-Konstantinidis. The following results were obtained from these comparisons: 135-degree hook angle models showed the highest performance among all three material models. The 135-degree hook angle significantly increased the energy dissipation capacity in all three models for low-strength concretes (C10, C16, and C20). Among the five concrete classes, C10, the most ductile group, presented the highest sensitivity. However, it is also noted that the differences between the models tend to have less variations with increases in concrete strength.  
The conclusion of the study is summarized as follows:  
* The purpose of this paper is to examine the way reinforced concrete structures behave during earthquakes with respect to the types of stirrups for various levels of concrete strength and the material models. By evaluating how stirrup configuration impacts the seismic performance of buildings, the study emphasizes the crucial role of accurate reinforcement detailing in creating structures that can withstand earthquakes.
* The 135-degree stirrup configuration shows significantly better performance than that of the 90-degree configuration in each case.
* Comparison of initial damage load factors may not always be sufficient to evaluate the seismic performance of a building also the number of damaged elements may be taken into consideration.
* The effect of hooked systems on ductility and axial load-carrying capacity of low-strength concretes was found to be much higher. As the concrete strength increases, this effect is found to be at much lower levels, since the structure is more prone to brittle behavior.  
* The Kappos-Konstantinidis model was the most sensitive to the stirrup configuration among the concrete material models, while the [PERSON] et al. model, which showed a similar behavior in almost all concrete classes, was the least sensitive model.
* With just a small difference in construction details, such as the type of hook used, the confinement effect on concrete can have a significant impact on the ductility of the entire system.  
This research received no external funding.  
Not applicable.  
Most data are included in the manuscript.  
The author declares no conflict of interest.