## 2 Results and Discussion
### Traditional Antibacterial Species
#### 2.2.4 Eremophila longifolia  
In a previous study of _E. longifolia_[2], one specimen with unusual leaf morphology, collected from the base of Kata-Tjuta, in central Australia, also expressed anymol in its profile, which was tentatively assigned as the epimer, \(\alpha\)-bisabolol (type, J-4n), in that earlier study. However, only one specimen of _E. longifolia_ demonstrated this profile.  
The _E. longifolia_ specimens of the current study, represent two additional intraspecific chemotypes. The chemical data from Table 6 were combined with the previously published dataset [2] to determine where these specimens are chemically placed. Multivariate analysis produced a dendrogram (Figure 6), which recognised 11 out of the 12 or 13 possible chemotypes. In addition to those described previously, a high-yielding chemotype that expressed piperitol as a major component of its essential oil was found in the grey ranges north of Thargomindah, SW Qld. The specimen bore a strong odour resemblance to the isomenthone type growing in Mutawintji NP, NSW, due south from its location. It is likely that this specimen is another of the diploids, extending the distribution to far north of Mutawintji NP.  
Figure 4: Dendrogram of essential oil components from _Eremophila longifolia_, _E. alternifolia_ and _E. latrohei_.  
In travelling east from Mutawnitji NP, one passes communities of lower essential oil-yielding diploids that express karahanaenone, which was also the case when traveling east from Thargomindah. However, the first ever specimens to be comprised by terpen and phenylpropanoids were found in the same region and northwards, expressing moderate essential oil yields. Hence, the second new chemotype is the limonene/safrole type. This came as a surprise because previously only the diploid in far west Western Australia  
Figure 5: Principal component analysis of essential oil components from _Eremophila longifolia_, _E. alternifolia_ and _E. latrobei_.  
Figure 6: Dendrogram of essential oil components from _Eremophila longflia_ using data from the current study and a previous study.  
expressed safrole in its profile [2] and no other specimens from outside that region hitherto yielded a phenylpropanol in its profile of volatiles.  
Full details of the other chemotypes in _E. longifolia_ are provided in an earlier study [2]. Briefly, _E. longifolia_ is characterised by several chemotypes that demonstrate both geographical patterns, and randomness. The karahanaenone type is often found as a single specimen in a population that is chemically different. However, on occasion this chemotype is also found as the dominant type in populous satellite communities. We have considered that the chemotype relates to a genotype that is created with sexual reproduction and propagated by sprouting of adventitious buds on the roots to create new trees.  
In the current study, PCA was used to group all the chemotypes into four related groups (Figure 7). The karahanaenone specimens did not group with any other of the chemotypes (group B, Figure 7). However, group A and group C are differentiated by the relative amount of Limonene. Hence, group A represents chemotypes that include moderate to high amounts of limonene and group C represents reducing or no amounts of limonene, in moving along the diagonal distribution of specimens in each group (Figure 7). Lastly, group D includes the other diploids, excluding karahanaenone types.