## 3 Results and Discussion
### Overall Interpretations of the Results of Baseline Case
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c} \hline \hline
**Time [s]** & **Stage** & **Procedures/Events** & **Changes in the Signals/Data** \\ \hline
0 & - & Test started. & - \\ \hline
250–1180 & - & \
\begin{tabular}{c} Pumped water into flume until water \\ depth reached 30 cm and waited for the \\ water level in the slope model until \\ steady at 30 cm. \\ \end{tabular} &
\begin{tabular}{c} (1) The amplitude of seismic signal \\ increased during 250–280 s. After 280 s, \\ the seismic signal amplitude decreased. \\ (2) The pore pressure of PP1–PP3 and \\ PP4 increased to 0.56 kPa and 0.31 kPa. \\ \end{tabular} \\ \hline
1050 & - & Turned on the wave maker. & - \\ \hline
1180 & \
\begin{tabular}{c} Stage 1 started. \\ Wave frequency = 0.33 Hz; Significant \\ wave height = 1.75 cm \\ \end{tabular} &
\begin{tabular}{c} The amplitude of the seismic signals and \\ pore pressure increased. \\ \end{tabular} \\ \hline
1188–1218 & Stage 1 & \
\begin{tabular}{c} The rapid change in the water level on \\ the slope initiated the onset of instability \\ in the slope model, leading to landslides. \\ \end{tabular} &
\begin{tabular}{c} The amplitude of seismic signals of Acc 1 \\ significantly increased. \\ \end{tabular} \\ \hline
2380 & \
\begin{tabular}{c} Stage 1 ended. \\ \end{tabular} &
\begin{tabular}{c} The amplitude of the seismic signals and \\ pore pressure decreased. \\ \end{tabular} \\ \hline
2380–2520 & - &
\begin{tabular}{c} Turned off the wave maker and waited \\ for waves, seismic and acoustic signals, \\ and the pore pressure in the slope model \\ to become stable before Stage 2. \\ \end{tabular} & - \\ \hline
2520 & \
\begin{tabular}{c} Stage 2 started. Turned on the wave \\ maker. \\ Wave frequency = 0.416 Hz; Significant \\ wave height = 2.29 cm \\ \end{tabular} &
\begin{tabular}{c} The amplitude of the seismic signals and \\ pore pressure increased. \\ \end{tabular} \\ \hline
2528–2562 & \begin{tabular}{c} Stage 2 \\ \end{tabular} & \
\begin{tabular}{c} The rapid change in the water level on \\ the slope initiated the onset of instability \\ in the slope model, leading to landslides. \\ \end{tabular} &
\begin{tabular}{c} The amplitude of seismic signals of Acc 1 \\ and Acc 2 significantly increased. \\ \end{tabular} \\ \hline
3720 & \
\begin{tabular}{c} Stage 2 ended. \\ \end{tabular} &
\begin{tabular}{c} The amplitude of the seismic signals and \\ pore pressure decreased. \\ \end{tabular} \\ \hline
3720–3840 & - &
\begin{tabular}{c} Turned off the wave maker and waited \\ for waves, seismic and acoustic signals, \\ and the pore pressure in the slope model \\ to become stable before Stage 3. \\ \end{tabular} & - \\ \hline
3840 & \
\begin{tabular}{c} (1) Stage 3 started. Turned on the wave \\ maker. Wave frequency = 0.5 Hz; \\ Significant wave height = 4.7 cm \\ \end{tabular} &
\begin{tabular}{c} (1) The amplitude of the seismic signal, \\ acoustic signals, and pore pressure increased. \\ \end{tabular} \\ \hline
3849–3862 & \
\begin{tabular}{c} The rapid change in the water level on \\ the slope initiated the onset of instability \\ in the slope model, leading to landslides. \\ \end{tabular} &
\begin{tabular}{c} The amplitude of seismic signals \\ significantly increased. \\ \end{tabular} \\ \hline
4391–4692 & \begin{tabular}{c} Stage 3 \\ \end{tabular} & \
\begin{tabular}{c} The wave run-up height rose, and the \\ force of wave impaction increased, which \\ caused the slope model to collapse and \\ also caused the slope to retreat rapidly. \\ \end{tabular} &
\begin{tabular}{c} (1) The amplitude of seismic and acoustic \\ signals decreased. \\ (2) The pore pressure decreased and the \\ amplitude of pore pressure decreased \\ slightly. \\ \end{tabular} \\ \hline
4693–4966 & \
\begin{tabular}{c} (1) The amplitude of seismic and acoustic \\ signals decreased. \\ (2) The pore pressure decreased and the \\ amplitude of pore pressure decreased \\ slightly. \\ \end{tabular} &
\begin{tabular}{c} The amplitude of seismic signal, \\ acoustic signals, and pore pressure decreased. \\ \end{tabular} \\ \hline
5160 & \
\begin{tabular}{c} (1) The amplitude of seismic signal and \\ signals decreased. \\ (2) The pore pressure decreased and the \\ amplitude of pore pressure decreased \\ slightly. \\ \end{tabular} &
\begin{tabular}{c} The amplitude of seismic and acoustic \\ signals decreased. \\ (2) The pore pressure decreased and the \\ amplitude of pore pressure decreased \\ slightly. \\ \end{tabular} \\ \hline
5160 & \
\begin{tabular}{c} (1) The amplitude of seismic signal and \\ signals decreased. \\ (2) The pore pressure decreased and the \\ amplitude of pore pressure decreased \\ slightly. \\ \end{tabular} &
\begin{tabular}{c} The amplitude of seismic and acoustic \\ signals decreased. \\ (2) The pore pressure decreased and the \\ amplitude of pore pressure decreased \\ slightly. \\ \end{tabular} \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}