# Teenagers and Automated Vehicles: Are They Ready to Use Them?
## 2 Literature Review
### Teenagers and Automation  
Two categories of research emerged in the literature review process in relation to teenagers and automation. Some of the studies focused on the views of minors towards AVs, while others investigated the parents' opinions. To the best of our knowledge, the only study looking into the views of teenagers regarding AVs is that of [PERSON] [48], which explored the views of those aged from 13 to 17 years old. In this study, the teenagers stated that AVs would make the roads safer and that they would also trust riding their bicycles alongside AVs during the night or in poor weather conditions.  
The acceptance of young people towards the use of AVs varied greatly in the literature. [PERSON] et al. [49], in their study investigating different age groups (i.e., 13-15, 16-17, and 18-25 years old), demonstrated that the participants' trust towards the use of AVs was slightly positive and that acceptance did not differ among the different age categories. [PERSON] et al. [50] found that only a minority of young people from 8 to 16 years old would feel comfortable riding an AV alone. However, they would feel more comfortable in an AV than in a conventional taxi or on public transport. [PERSON] [27] showed that young people from 16 to 23 years old would enjoy riding AVs, but they were concerned about the safety and ethical aspects, especially in situations where the vehicle would have to take decisions that risked injuring humans.  
A limited number of studies investigated situations in which taking over the vehicle control was requested. [PERSON] [51] showed that young novice drivers from 16 to 19 years old were more likely to take control from the automation once a takeover request had been given, as compared to the older drivers who tended to wait for the system to disengage before receiving control from the automation. The results also showed that younger drivers were significantly quicker to take back the control of the vehicle in comparison to the older drivers. The young people interviewed by [PERSON] et al. [50] declared that they would be willing to use the brake pedal, press an emergency button similar to those within school buses, or talk to the vehicle in order to stop the AV in case of emergency.  
Studies focusing on parents' opinions of minors from 0 up to 17 years old, remarked that parents were not ready to let their children travel alone in an AV. [PERSON] et al. [50] showed that the majority of parents were more willing to let their children travel with conventional public transport than with an AV. In addition, the parents had higher concerns towards young children not behaving or interacting appropriately in AVs. [PERSON] and [PERSON] [52] showed that parents were significantly either strongly against or very hesitant to place children unaccompanied in AVs compared to people without children. In addition, the study demonstrated that this effect was amplified by the number of children in the household. [PERSON] et al. [53] found that parents were mostly unwilling to let their children travel in an AV unless various reassurance features were embedded in the vehicle (i.e., microphones, camera, and the ability to summon assistance if the vehicle broke down). However, the possibility of letting their child travel alone was considered differently by parents according to the age of their children, the parents' gender identity, their living place, their level of knowledge towards AVs, or their level of concerns towards the safety of their children [13, 52, 54, 55, 56]. The current study aims to fill the gap observed in the literature regarding teenagers and AVs, to explore teenagers' willingness to use these vehicles to satisfy their mobility needs, and to enhance the knowledge on teenagers' perspectives vis-a-vis AVs.