## 1 Introduction
There is an inevitable requirement for electrical energy storage systems (ESSs), which are to retain energy (charge) at a time of low energy demand and discharge (release) energy during the peak-demand period to end-users [12]. This is one of the initiated implementations that impels energy storage inclusion in the contemporary electricity supply chain. As the integration of renewable sources, i.e., wind and solar, into the main grid energy mix continues to increase, energy storage is required to alternate and enhance the output of renewable sources. Consequently, this alleviates the drastic and seasonal output changes that arise due to the variability in energy supply from the aforementioned renewable resources [13]. Storage time and efficiency are among the important attributes of this type of electrical energy storage technology. The role of ESSs has progressed in diverse power system implementations, such as power system stability advancement, electrical energy system efficiency improvement, voltage control, frequency regulation, and minimizing the environmental footprint of fossil fuel applications. Electrochemical storage technologies such as batteries are regarded as the most desirable balancing power systems with an intensive degree of variable energy resources (VERs) [14]. Over the past few years, lead-acid batteries have influenced the power systems' implementation. The principal cause is their cost benefits and dependability. In contrast, it is challenging for these energy storage systems to satisfy the conditions of excessive cycling implementations and obtain extensive charge/discharge rates due to their depth of discharge (DOD) [15], which infrequently exceeds 50%. Grid-tied microgrids relieve LA batteries from strenuous operative arrangements, decelerating their lifespan. Regular balancing charges must be implemented in the energy storage to minimize degeneration. This requires a controllable source, typically a diesel generator, resulting in further running and service costs. Degeneration is associated with cell parallel/series configuration [16]. When energy storage runs, heterogeneous cells can produce unsymmetrical voltage drops through every string. This requires substituting these cells to deflect impairment to the whole string. From a technical viewpoint, this illustrates a requirement for regular monitoring of cells in an instant not suitable for grid-connected microgrids. Common LA batteries are inconvenient for intermittent iterations implementations and do not permit deep discharges. Hence, there are still several implementations worldwide experiencing the accelerated depletion of life [17]. Recently, Li-ion batteries [18] have been utilized extensively in utility grid implementations because of their low maintenance, high safety, and volumetric and high-energy density characteristics. The leading disadvantage is that they are uneconomical, though they are, moderately, becoming extensively competitive. In addition, they are sensitive to cell stability and capable of creating severe problems in an incident of impairment. Nonetheless, Li-ion solutions comprise complex control schemes that supervise cell performance and alter the operating temperature to the ideal operation of the energy storage [19]. Microgrids are a prerequisite to satisfy sustainability and efficiency conditions as well as anticipate a reaction to demand in considerable instability (grid-connected mode). As a result, they provide a swift reaction and have a low self-discharge rate, numerous iterations, and an extended duration. Li-ion batteries are conducive to satisfying these conditions [19]. Brief attributes of each type of battery are specified in Table 1.