## 6 Conclusions  
The empirical research on agility in the healthcare industry has room for improvement. Despite a lack of consensus in agility construct definitions, empirical studies have revealed four major levels of agility in the healthcare sector: organizational agility, workforce agility, supply chain agility, and treatment agility. The research in healthcare agility also needs more consensus on standard questionnaires. [PERSON] and [PERSON]'s questionnaire for organizational agility [7] has yet to be consistently used or referenced in the measurement items across the selected studies.  
Figure 8: Agility framework in healthcare.  
Although some authors have referred to other questionnaires, the validity of these instruments beyond their original studies remains to be determined. These questionnaires were often adapted from other industries. However, similarities among the dimensions and items used in these questionnaires remain evident. The above suggests the possibility of developing focused questionnaires for each clustered healthcare agility construct.  
While agility models in the four suggested constructs lack replication, they exhibit notable similarities. Performance-oriented latent variables have consistently emerged as significant responders in all four constructs of agility. Additionally, technology-oriented latent variables have been explored in three agility constructs and identified as significant enablers of agility, apart from the workforce agility construct, which currently lacks significant predictors.  
This study contributes to the existing literature by addressing several key aspects within the healthcare sector. Firstly, it introduces four agility constructs for examination, bridging the gaps in the current body of knowledge. Secondly, it identified and analyzed the instruments and dimensions employed in empirical investigations within the sector. Thirdly, the study acknowledges the theoretical models relevant to healthcare agility and highlights areas where further research is needed.  
Future research endeavors should prioritize establishing relationships between these agility models. Specifically, it is essential to determine whether healthcare agility can be compartmentalized into four distinct constructs or whether a more comprehensive, multi-dimensional healthcare agility model is viable. This question warrants a dedicated study for thorough exploration.  
Moreover, the healthcare industry would benefit from an increased focus on empirical studies to validate the effectiveness of each questionnaire and its associated model. To this end, conducting empirical research that assesses the technological enablers of workforce agility is strongly recommended. Such studies will provide valuable insights and enhance the credibility of the proposed models in real-world healthcare settings. Similarly, researchers must consider conducting longitudinal studies in agility to verify the cause-effect relationships in the theoretical models.  
The review of survey studies on agility in healthcare can offer several tangible benefits to healthcare practitioners, patients, and society. First, the findings from agility studies can inform practitioners how healthcare practices can be improved. Second, the results of agility studies can be used to improve healthcare delivery concerning patients' needs and lead to greater patient satisfaction. Finally, agile healthcare practices can help reduce costs due to inefficiencies and improve the quality of healthcare delivery available to the general public.  
[PERSON] conducted the literature search and drafted the initial version of the manuscript. [PERSON] oversaw all aspects of the problem conceptualization, selection, editing, and revision processes, providing guidance and feedback at all stages of the paper's development. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.  
This research received no external funding.  
Not applicable.  
The authors declare no conflicts of interest.