# Designing Procedure Execution Tools with Emerging Technologies for Future Astronauts
## 6 Discussion and Concluding Remarks
Animations showing object orientations and tool or hardware locations facilitated task execution. Indicators of successful procedural step completion were essential in guiding users. Finally, sensor integration was easily incorporated on tools and users; multiple sensors were necessary to robustly model accurate procedural step completion. Future research will aim at further identifying key design elements that will enable us to design future systems with high user adoption and acceptable usability. We explored the benefits and limitations that integrating technologies such as AR and IoT provide for assisting with procedure execution. From training to in-flight operations, these technologies can provide intuitiveness and efficiency within future spaceflight tools. Based on our studies' results, we are able to draw early conclusions that emerging technologies provide opportunities for increased crew autonomy for future spaceflight missions. **Author Contributions:** Conceptualization, J.J.M. ; methodology, J.A.K., I.C.T.V., H.L.B., J.W.G., R.K. and M.Y. ; software, J.A.K., I.C.T.V., H.L.B., J.W.G., R.K. and M.Y. ; validation, J.A.K., I.C.T.V., H.L.B., J.W.G., R.K. and M.Y. ; formal analysis, J.A.K., I.C.T.V., H.L.B., J.W.G., R.K. and M.Y. ; investigation, J.A.K., I.C.T.V., H.L.B., J.W.G., R.K. and M.Y. ; resources, J.J.M. ; data curation, J.A.K., I.C.T.V., H.L.B., J.W.G., R.K., and M.Y. ; writing--original draft preparation, J.A.K., I.C.T.V., H.L.B., J.W.G., R.K., M.Y. and J.J.M. ; writing--review and editing, J.A.K., I.C.T.V., H.L.B., J.W.G., R.K., M.Y., and J.J.M. ; visualization, I.C.T.V., H.L.B., J.W.G., R.K. and M.Y. ; supervision, J.J.M. ; project administration, J.J.M. ; funding acquisition, J.A.K and J.J.M. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript. **Funding:** This work was performed under a US Govt. Contract in the Human-Systems Integration Division at NASA Ames Research Center. This research was funded in part by the NASA Human Research Program's Human Factors and Behavior Performance Element (NASA Program Announcement number 80 JSC017N0001-BPBA) Human Capabilities Assessment for Autonomous Missions (HCAAM) Virtual NASA Specialized Center of Research (VNSCOR) effort (NASA grant number 80 NSSC19K0657). **Institutional Review Board Statement:** The studies were conducted according to the guidelines of the Declaration of Helsinki, and approved by the Institutional Review Board of NASA Ames Research Center. **Informed Consent Statement:** Informed consent was obtained from all subjects involved in the studies. **Data Availability Statement:** Data sharing not applicable. **Acknowledgments:** The authors would like to acknowledge the participants that took part in each of the usability studies and technology demonstrations, without whom this work would not be possible. The authors would like to acknowledge [PERSON], [PERSON], [PERSON], [PERSON], [PERSON], [PERSON], [PERSON], [PERSON], [PERSON], and [PERSON] for their contributions to these projects. The authors would also like to acknowledge the many summer student interns that contributed to these projects. **Conflicts of Interest:** The authors declare no conflict of interest. **Abbreviations**  
The following abbreviations are used in this manuscript: \begin{tabular}{l l} AR & Augmented Reality \\ ARC & Ames Research Center \\ BLE & Bluetooth Low Energy \\ HCI & Human-Computer Interaction \\ HMD & Head Mounted Display \\ IoT & Internet of Things \\ ISS & International Space Station \\ IV & Intra-Vehicular \\ KSC & Kennedy Space Center \\ LDEMs & Long-Duration Exploration Missions \\ LED & Light-Emitting Diode \\ MCC & Mission Control Center \\ NASA & National Aeronautics and Space Administration \\ OR & Operating Room \\ PDF & Portable Document Format \\ SHARP & Smart Habitat Augmented Reality Procedure \\ TOSC & Test and Operations Support Contract \\ UI & User Interface \\ VR & Virtual Reality \\ WAD & Work Authorization Document \\ \end{tabular}