# A Proposal for Rapid Assessment of Long-Distance Oil and Gas Pipelines After Earthquakes
## 3 Overall Design of the Assessment Methodology Theoretical Framework
Seismic Geohazard Risk Assessment: quantifies impacts of earthquake-induced hazards (e.g., landslides, fault displacement) on pipelines via coupled geological-seismic engineering models, representing the current dominant evaluation paradigm. 4. Ancillary Structure Seismic Verification: Rapidly evaluates structural safety by comparing design-based seismic fortification standards with real-time ground motion parameters (e.g., PGA). Despite deviations between design thresholds and actual failure criteria, this method provides baseline risk assessment for unmonitored segments. 5. UAV-AI Collaborative Recognition: employs UAV patrol systems equipped with high-resolution cameras and 5G transmission to dynamically identify geohazards (e.g., cracks, collapsed masses) in video streams through deep learning algorithms, achieving minute-level disaster detection. In summary, the current monitoring tools for oil and gas pipelines are indeed more comprehensive, but they are mostly separate and not integrated into a structured pipeline safety assessment system. In addition, Figure 5 also shows that there is a complementary relationship between different assessment methods and monitoring tools, the simplest and most direct example being that seismic geological disaster risk assessment is more comprehensive but does not reflect the in situ monitoring data along the pipeline. Therefore, the oil and gas pipeline SCADA system can be used to provide direct feedback on pipeline safety for the entire pipeline transport pressure anomaly section, single point monitoring anomaly, and other information elements. At the same time, the data can be fed back into the follow-up process of seismic and geological disaster risk assessment, which can be adjusted or corrected for the geohazard risk, and the accuracy can be improved while ensuring the completeness of the assessment results (dotted line in Figure 5b). The final implementation is the presentation of pipeline safety assessment results based on geographical information system (GIS). The process of post-earthquake pipeline safety evaluation is therefore constructed on the basis of pipeline seismic geological hazard risk evaluation, superimposed on multi-source monitoring data, as illustrated in Figure 6. The method comprises four constituent parts. Firstly, the relationship between historical landslide hazard points and static background elements along the pipeline is analysed. This is done in order to assess the possibility of geological hazards along the pipeline under the influence of geological conditions and human engineering activities. This is also known as the evaluation of the susceptibility to landslide geohazards. Secondly, the results of the susceptibility to geohazards are combined with the triggering factors, mainly seismic elements, to assess the possibility of seismic events. Subsequently, the results of geological disaster susceptibility are combined with the triggering factors, mainly seismic elements, to assess the possibility of seismic geological disasters under the action of seismic factors, i.e., the evaluation of seismic landslide disaster risk. Finally, the seismic geological disaster risk is combined with the vulnerability of pipeline engineering to assess the possibility of pipelines being damaged by seismic geological disasters, i.e., the evaluation of seismic geological disaster risk of pipelines is then conducted. Finally, the results of pipeline operation pressure, pipeline monitoring, disaster monitoring, structural monitoring, etc., are combined with the pipeline seismic geological disaster. The evaluation results of pipeline operation pressure, pipeline body monitoring, disaster monitoring, structural monitoring and other elements are then combined with the pipeline seismic geological hazard risk, and the risk level is adjusted to achieve the final safety assessment.