# Machine and Deep Learning Applied to Predict Metabolic Syndrome without a Blood Screening
## 4 Discussion
### Most Relevant Features  
According to the literature [54; 57], weight, waist, age, diastolic, and systolic blood pressure are risk factors that are considered for the diagnosis of MetS. Likewise, in this work, we found other risk factors for men and women that have also been studied due to their relationship with MetS and obesity.  
In the case of women, the best model (RF with a mtry = 1 and ntree = 300) showed that variables related to obesity, such as waist circumference and WHtR, were the ones that obtained the highest value in terms of importance; followed by the DBP and SBP, the age and the height, trouble sleeping associated with snoring, restless sleep, and somnolence. Likewise, regarding the dietary habits, we identify that women with MetS have a high consumption of cola soda, coffee, whole milk, oranges, flavored sweetened water, and flavor soda.  
For men, the best model (RF with a mtry = 10 and ntree = 800) showed that the waist circumference and blood pressure (DBP and SBP) were the highest risk factors, followed by the BMI, the WHtR, the weight, and the age. Regarding the dietary habits, it was possible to identify that men with MetS preferably consume cola soda, coffee, flavored sweetened water, and corn tortilla. Additionally, like women, men have sleep problems, with snoring being the risk factor outstanding.  
As can be seen in the results section, in the case of men, more specific features were revealed; therefore, variable importance is reflected in those that are related to the blood pressure (SBP and DBP). Moreover, classifiers' performance was high; RF was the best in ACC average of 88.17%, a B.ACC of 80.73%, a PPV of 92.29%, and an NPV of 70.72%. In the case of women, the variable importance denotes a close relationship with obesity, with RF being the best classifier with an ACC of 84.12%, a B.ACC of 62.93%, a PPV of 84.78%, and an NPV 75.92%.  
The most relevant features identified in this work as prognostic variables to predict MetS in Mexican women and men were strongly related to this syndrome. When the person is sleeping, the case of snoring has been a potential factor that is strongly related to obesity and the risk of suffering MetS [58]. Recent work also suggests a strong association with MetS, even when the snore eliminates the repeated apnea and hypoxia; simple snoring was still strongly associated with MetS [59]. According to studies [60; 61], Mexico is one of the countries with a high consumption of sugary drinks. This study found that cola soda, flavored sweetened water, and flavor soda were common consumption habits in both men and women. However, these drinks contribute positively to the risk of developing obesity and chronic diseases [62]. Likewise, tortilla consumption has been associated with the prevalence of overweight, obesity, and MetS in Mexican adults. Coffee was another consumed beverage by both genders; nevertheless, recent studies [63; 64] have reported that coffee consumption was not significantly associated with metabolic syndrome [65].  
Based on these results, this work could be use for the prevention of MetS. The population can access a simple survey of the healthcare system monitoring. If some risk factors are detected, the people can be directed to medical revision; the above might prevents future problems, by reducing the cost in laboratory tests and treatments.