## 4 The Example of the Green Stones
### Classical Gemological and Mineralogical Properties
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c} \hline
**Species and** & **General Description** & **RI** & **SG** & **Optical Character** & **Transparency** & **Fluorescence** & **Mohs Grade** \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{Jadeite} & Light to dark green, often with uneven & 1.666 to 1.680 & & & & & \\  & coloration, motility or root-like markings, & (+/\(-\)0.008) & & 3.34 & & & \\  & Vitreous to grassly polish lusster with a & 1.66 good reading & (+0.06\(-\)0.09) & & & & \\  & & & & & & \\  & glimped polished surface, granular to & 1.66 good reading & (+0.06\(-\)0.09) & & & & \\  & splintery fracture with full fracture luster. & & & & & & \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{Nepphire} & Light to dark green, possibly with lighter or & & & & & & \\  & darker motilting, Vitreous to greasely polish & 1.660 to 1.632 & & & & & \\  & luster, splintery to granular fracture with & 1.61 spot reading & (+0.15\(-\)0.05) & & & & \\  & & & & & & \\  & & & & & & \\  & & & & & & \\  & & & & & & \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{S serpentine} & Usually yellowish green, green, or greenish & 1.560 to 1.570 & & & & & \\  & yellow. Wavy to greasely polish lusster, & (+0.004\(-\)0.070) & & & & & \\  & granular to uneven fracture, with full to & 1.56 spot reading & (+0.23\(-\)0.13) & & & & \\  & & & & & & \\  & & & & & & \\  & & & & & & \\  & & & & & & \\  & & & & & & \\  & & & & & \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{Maw-Sit-Sit} & Opaque saturated green rock with & 1.74 & & & & & \\  & characteristic dark green to black veining or & (Multiple & 2.77 & & & \\  & mottling. Wavy to vitreous polish lusster, & (+0.38\(-\)0.31) & & & & \\  & granular fracture with full fracture luster. & & & & & \\  & & & & & & \\  & & & & & \\  & & & & & \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{Hydrogrossular (Garner Group)} & Green to bluish green. Might show black & 1.720 & & & & & \\  & inclusions. Vitreous polish lusster, uneven, & (+0.010\(-\)0.050) & 3.47 & & & & \\  & granular, or splintery fracture with & 1.72 spot reading & (+0.08\(-\)0.32) & & & & \\  & to vitreous fracture luster. & & & & & \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{Unsurian (Idocarse), Californine variety} & yellowish green, green, brownish green, & 1.713 to 1.718 & & & & \\  & Vitreous to greasely polish lusster, granular & (+0.003\(-\)0.013) & 3.40 & & & & \\  & fracture with vitreous to doll fracture luster. & 1.70 or 1.7 spot reading common & (+0.10\(-\)0.15) & & & \\  & & & & & \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{Dropside} & Blus green to yellowish green. Chrome & & & & & \\  & diopside is intense green. Vitreous polish & 1.675 to 1.701 & 3.29 & & & \\  & vitreous to resinous fracture luster. Massive & (+0.029\(-\)0.010) & (+0.11\(-\)0.07) & & & \\  & and may show splintery to granular fracture. & & & & & \\  & & & & & \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{Omphactic} & Green to dark green. Brittle tenancy with & 1.662\(-\)1.723 & & & & & \\  & fracture uneven, conchoidal and lusster vitreous, silly. & 1.68 or 1.71 spot reading common & 3.16 to 3.43 1 & & & \\  & & & & & \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{Pumpellyie Group} & Blue-green, dark green to white fibrous to & & & & & \\  & lamellar masses with glassy lusster. & 1.674 to 1.764 & 3.20 to 3.30 1 & & & \\  & & & & & \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{Chalcolony (chrome or chrysrynge)} & Green to slightly bluish green. Geras to & 1.535 to 1.539 & 2.60 & & & \\  & vitreous polish lusster, conchoidal fracture & (+0.10\(-\)0.05) & & & & \\ \cline{1-1}  & with dull to wavy fracture luster. & & & & & \\ \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 2: Classical gemological and mineralogical properties of Green Stones [56; 62; 109; 110; 111; 112]. Here, the characteristics of massive varieties have been preferred compared to the single-crystal counterparts, due to the highest diffusion of the first ones in cultural heritage studies, and, according to the topic, only the green varieties (and not other colors) have been considered. The reported data correspond to the natural untreated varieties; eventual synthetic, treated, or imitation counterparts have not been considered.