## 5 Findings and Discussion  
As mentioned above, there are a number of enablers for PFSC that must be considered. This study uses an integrated strategy of TISM and MICMAC methodologies to identify and analyze these enablers. There is a limited amount of literature on PFSC enablers, as discussed in Section 2. First, the relevant enablers for PFSC were identified using Vosviewer. In addition, an integrated approach using the TISM methodology was applied to find hierarchies by considering experts' ratings of them. Finally, enablers were classified into four types using MICMAC analysis based on the \(\mathrm{D_{R}}\) and \(\mathrm{D_{C}}\) values from the final reachability matrix. A detailed discussion of the critical relationships between enablers is presented below. 1. Radiofrequency identification (RFID): RFID is seen in level V of the TISM hierarchy. From MICMAC analysis, this enabler is considered one among the most driving ones and falls under the second quadrant due to its high driving and low dependency values. RFID was most significant for food quality, freshness-keeping, and maintaining the delivery times based on environmental conditions [2]. Perishable food products deteriorate due to temperature fluctuations during transportation. Hence, RFID is helpful to monitor temperature settings [10]. 2. Internet of things (IoT): An IoT enabler has been in level II of the TISM hierarchy, and from MICMAC analysis, it is a type 3 linkage enabler. These enablers are unique in that any action taken against them will influence other enablers. IoT is a smart device technology that has been helpful in finding the ambient conditions of PFSC, such as temperature and humidity [11]. 3. Shelf life: Shelf life lies in level V of the TISM hierarchy, and as shown by MICMAC analysis, this enabler is considered one of the most driving enablers. Due to its high driving and low dependency values, it falls in the second quadrant. The shelf life and quality of the perishable product are based on deterioration. Hence, perishable products must be delivered to the target before shelf life expiry [8; 16; 17]. 4. Cold storage: Cold storage is present in the fourth level of the TISM hierarchy and is a type three linkage enabler according to MICMAC analysis. Vehicles' cold storage plays a significant role in maintaining the freshness and reducing the deterioration of  
Figure 4: Enabler’s classification utilizing MICMAC analysis. perishable products [36]. Cold storage affects the product's shelf life, which in turn affects other enablers of PFSC. * Inventory control: Inventory control belongs to level I of the TISM hierarchy, and according to MICMAC analysis, it is classified as a linkage enabler due to its dependency and driving value. Inventory must be maintained based on the demand for the product. Since these products have a shorter shelf life, there are high chances of product spoilage and losses, leading to a situation where consumer demand may not be fulfilled [47]. * Decision making: The decision-making enabler is in level four of the TISM hierarchy, in the upper half of the graph. Various parameters must be considered for making decisions related to the PFSC. For example, the temperature of the trucks is significantly dependent on the route length and the number of stops. Hence, the arrival and waiting time of the vehicle need to be considered to decide the route [33]. * Third-party logistics: Third-party logistics are seen in level three of the TISM hierarchy; this enabler falls under the second quadrant because of its high driving value and low dependency value in MICMAC analysis. Third-party distribution firms deliver temperature-sensitive food products to different retailers within time-window constraints without affecting food quality. Thus, this problem was modeled with node and arc time window as a VRP and was solved using GA [1]. * Vehicle routing: In the TISM hierarchy, vehicle routing belongs to level V and is considered one of the most driving enablers, falling under the second quadrant.