## 3 Results
### Results and Discussions Regarding the Batter Boards Layout Methods  
#### 3.2.1 Classical Method with Theodolite Instrument  
The classical method of batter boards layout is based on the initial construction layout points on the ground. These points must be marked accordingly, with wood stakes and topographic nails, using stake-out methods and calculus as previously mentioned. After the construction layout points on the ground is complete, the survey engineer must leave the station point and move the theodolite on one of the points marked on the ground. After positioning and centering the instrument on the newly marked construction point, the user must target with the moveable telescope another of the construction layout points marked on the ground, but it is mandatory for the point to be on the same construction axes (geometry line). It is recommended to insert on the instrument menu the horizontal angle value at \"0\" (Hz = 08), in order to notice any displacements or instrumental movements at the next stages. By lifting the theodolite telescope, the survey engineer must target the batter board in front of him, and guide the technical assistant with the reflector left and right on the respective wood plank until they determine a position collinear with their direction, and mark it accordingly. Then, the telescope is tilted 2008 until it faces the opposite batter board; it must be checked if the angular reading remains approx. Hz = 08; and the guidance process between the engineer and assistant is repeated in order to determine and mark the collinear point on the respective batter board. After that construction line is laid out, the team can rotate the instrument in order to create a right angle (at 1008 or 3008, depending on the position) and target another construction layout point on the ground. The process is repeated, thus each next stationing on a construction layout point can assure the marking on the batter boards of two construction lines (axes). The presented figure (Figure 9) illustrates the established workflow, with stationing on point A6, targeting point A3 in order to lay out on the batter boards construction line A-A, and then rotating the instrument and targeting point I6 in order to lay out construction line 6-6.  
Figure 8: Layout site with an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) orthophoto layer.  
The advantages of this method are that it can be performed with any optical instrument related to the theodolite, that includes any type of classical theodolite, electrical theodolite and total stations. Also, because it is an optical and mechanically applied method, the chances of error are low (considering that the ground layout points were correctly determined). Another advantage is the fact that the position of the construction layout points on the ground are verified when targeting points at a right angle (obtaining readings of 100\({}^{8}\) and 300\({}^{8}\)). The disadvantages of this method are numerous, because it has a low efficiency in terms of time. Also, due to the fact that it is necessary to station on points inside the construction site, which are usually on rough terrain or in the excavation for the foundations, there are dangers and inconveniences.