# Internet of Things and Its Applications: A Comprehensive Survey
## 5 IoT Applications
### Healthcare Applications  
In [91], a guide for IoT healthcare services is given for providers following operators' point of view. The study suggests some significant features that have greater effects on users, enabling them to validate healthcare services. The methodology consists of performing analysis that evaluates the indicated parameters, including risk sensitivity and trust, in order to qualify and validate the services. The results were obtained based on lifestyle disease and showed that the South Korean population requires reliable, trustworthy, secure, and safe healthcare services. This study provides a guideline for manufacturers so that they can enhance the reliability and trustworthiness in order to deliver IoT healthcare services. However, the findings are issued from a hypothetical service, rather than a commercial one. Furthermore, this study lacks an evaluation of the response time. Another study developed a healthcare monitoring system aimed at diagnosing and avoiding chronic diseases, such as obesity, diabetes, and depression [92]. It investigates a solution for energy management, since battery recharging and changing generates additional costs. By implementing the irregularity of the system, the energy and spectrum efficiency of devices could be increased. In this approach, biological sensors are used for obtaining an instant understanding and making decisions through machine learning techniques. The proposed structure has been evaluated by designing a wearable device as a prototype, as well as receiver units. The results demonstrated a significant impact on the energy efficiency through an evaluation of the transmission power and received signal strength indication (RSSI). In another study presented in [93], a health monitoring system employed for an extended period of time was developed. The elaborated ad-hoc examining structure verifies the patient's natural components, along with the ecological information, including the temperature and humidity detected by the current or new sensors that are complemented throughout the system's execution time. The benefit of this research work is the use of low-cost sensors, as well as devices that consume less energy and that are readily available in the houses. However, the elaborated system is limited to a lower number of devices and only satisfies the minimum service level. Another study presented in [94] consists of suggesting an IoT system for isolated mobile medical management. It proposes a structure of human contact and biological parameters through intelligent nodes. The idea is to ensure an effective emergency alarm system and principally confirm the safety of the critical and essential patient information in the databases of clinics and hospitals. This research study has greatly contributed to improvements of the speed and accuracy measurement of the biological factors using devices that consume less energy. However, the cost was not evaluated in this study. Security management concerning security metrics was investigated in a high-level mechanism in [95]. The objective of this study consisted of enhancing the security and privacy of IoT applications in healthcare services. It analyzed the treatment and cure of chronic diseases and the security intention of IoT applications in e-health, more specifically for older age patients. In this paper, the authors discuss the needs and necessities of adaptive security management, along with decision-making. These are considered to be essential for establishing security requirements and applying ample security controls, as long as security threats are changed. The security parameters include the effectiveness, accuracy, efficiency, privacy, and confidentiality. However, the study does not cover any analysis of the security metrics or the adaptive decision. A multi-layer context-aware approach for the data combination of IoT healthcare applications was investigated in [96]. The suggested methodology is based on a framework achievement, condition structure, and implications.