## 5 Discussion  
After FCW installation, there were positive effects in \(PBC\) and \(ATB\) in terms of safety on daytime drivers. However, for nighttime drivers aged under 60, their usual driving behavior changed with FCW installation, and the risk of traffic accidents increased over the long term.  
Although FCW reduces the possibility of accidents in dangerous situations by affecting the \(PBC\) of drivers, in the long term it can affect the \(ATB\) and increase the risk of traffic accidents. This result can be interpreted that in the case of nighttime drivers, they tend to be overly reliant on FCW, which leads to an increase in their dangerous driving behaviors, and this situation requires additional countermeasures for improvement in the attitude and habits of nighttime drivers.  
Distraction and inattention of drivers can be judged to have an impact on their safety, and the results of recent studies indicate that driver distraction has a more negative effect on safety than other factors such as alcoholism and fatigue [35, 36]. In particular, in the case of young drivers, when driving for a long period, their attention is greatly reduced compared  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Parameters** & **Period** & **Actual Values** & **Forecasted Values** & **Error in Prediction** & **MAPE** \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{Daytime drivers aged under 60} & September 2017–August 2018 & 2794 & 2884 & 3.1\% & \\  & September 2018–August 2019 & 2744 & 2738 & \(-0.2\%\) & 5.41 \\  & September 2019–August 2020 & 2538 & 2435 & \(-4.2\%\) & \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{Daytime drivers aged 60 or above} & September 2017–August 2018 & 2894 & 2950 & 1.9\% & \\  & September 2018–August 2019 & 2513 & 2481 & \(-1.3\%\) & 2.32 \\  & September 2019–August 2020 & 2113 & 2013 & \(-5.0\%\) & \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{Nighttime drivers aged under 60} & September 2017–August 2018 & 2864 & 2804 & \(-2.1\%\) & \\  & September 2018–August 2019 & 3321 & 3379 & 1.7\% & 4.17 \\  & September 2019–August 2020 & 3499 & 3567 & 1.9\% & \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{Nighttime drivers aged 60 or above} & September 2017–August 2018 & 1943 & 1951 & 0.4\% & \\  & September 2018–August 2019 & 1991 & 2043 & 2.5\% & 2.99 \\ \cline{1-1}  & September 2019–August 2020 & 1967 & 1997 & 1.5\% & \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}
Table 10: Results of prediction of changes by driver group.  
Figure 9: Changes in dangerous driving behaviors after the installation of the FCW system.  
to that of older drivers, and the cause of this decreased attention is their confidence in driving ability [37]. As FCW improves the driving ability for each driver, it can actually have a detrimental effect on driver attention. In fact, in 2016, there was an accident that led to the death of a Tesla driver from a crash with a large trailer, due to ADAS sensor error, when the driver had the autonomous driving mode (ADAS highway autopilot function) on for driving. The driver in the accident was negligent of the driver's basic duty to safety while heavily relying on the vehicle function.  
In comprehensive consideration of the study results and accident cases, ADAS including FCW can improve safety in situations of collisions by improving driving ability in direct aspects such as driver cognitive reaction time and steering ability. However, in the long run, ADAS may have a negative impact on the driving habits of drivers and cause accidents.