# Ionospheric Weather at Two Starlink Launches during Two-Phase Geomagnetic Storms
## 2 Data Processing Results  
The space weather conditions for two two-phase geomagnetic storms occurring at the Starlink launches are illustrated in Figures 1 and 2, and the peak values of all parameters are listed in Table 1.  
The interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) 5 min parameters provided by OMNI are plotted in Figure 1a from 2 to 5 February 2022. Here, we observe from top to bottom: the IMF magnetic field magnitude \(B\), in nT; the field's southward component Bz, in nT, in the GSM coordinate system; the solar wind speed Vsw, in km/s; the proton density \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c c c c c c} \hline \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**Event**} & \multicolumn{4}{c}{**Launch 3 February 2022 18:13 UT**} & \multicolumn{4}{c}{**Launch 7 July 2022 13:11 UT**} \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**Index**} & \multicolumn{3}{c}{**1 st Storm Peak**} & \multicolumn{3}{c}{**2 nd Storm Peak**} & \multicolumn{3}{c}{**1 st Storm Peak**} & \multicolumn{3}{c}{**2 nd Storm Peak**} \\ \cline{2-11}  & **DD** & **UT** & **Peak** & **DD** & **UT** & **Peak** & **DD** & **UT** & **Peak** & **DD** & **UT** & **Peak** \\ \hline B, nT & 03 & 10:15 & 19.79 & 04 & 08:00 & 11.63 & 07 & 13:55 & 20.97 & 08 & 01:45 & 22.21 \\ \hline Bz, nT & 03 & 09:35 & \(-\)18.56 & 04 & 09:30 & \(-\)10.0 & 07 & 13:50 & \(-\)17.4 & 08 & 11:00 & \(-\)8.34 \\ \hline Vsw, km/s & 03 & 14:05 & 579.0 & 04 & 00:55 & 588.1 & 07 & 13:50 & 407.8 & 08 & 07:20 & 423.1 \\ \hline Np, cm\({}^{-3}\) & 03 & 11:45 & 32.41 & 04 & 00:30 & 24.33 & 07 & 11:25 & 56.84 & 08 & 08:10 & 47.59 \\ \hline Tp, K & 03 & 11:15 & \(4.7\times 10^{5}\) & \(-\) & \(-\) & \(-\) & \(-\) & \(-\) & \(-\) & 08 & 06:35 & \(4.2\times 10^{5}\) \\ \hline SYM-H, nT & 03 & 10:55 & \(-\)80 & 04 & 20:40 & \(-\)70 & 08 & 02:15 & \(-\)85 & 08 & 11:35 & \(-\)42 \\ \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 1: Peak values of space weather indices during two Starlink launches. Figure 1: The space weather conditions from 2 to 5 February 2022 under which the Starlink S-36 was launched at 18:13 UT on 3 February (thick vertical line). From top to bottom: (**a**) magnetic field intensity \(B\), nT; the southward component Bz, nT; the solar wind speed Vsw, km/s; the proton density Np, cm\({}^{-3}\); the proton temperature Tp, K; the geomagnetic SYM/H index, nT; (**b**) GIM-W index maps based on UQRG GIM-TEC for 00:00 and 12:00 UT during the storm. Figure 2: The same as Figure 1a,b but from 6 to 9 July 2022 related with the Starlink S-49 launch at 13:11 UT on 7 July. Np, in cm\({}^{-3}\); the plasma temperature Tp, in K; and the equatorial geomagnetic SYM/H index, in nT. The Starlink S-36 launch (thick vertical line) at 18:13 UT on 3 February 2022 occurred between the 1 st peak of the geomagnetic storm (symmetric ring current index SYM-H = \(-\)80 nT at 10:55 UT on 3 February) and the 2 nd peak (SYM-H = \(-\)70 nT at 20:40 UT on 4 February). Note that only one peak is observed in the Tp temperature profile at 11:15 UT on 3 February 2022. Selected GIM-W index maps derived from 15 min tomographic-kriging, UPC rapid GIM (UQRG) GIM-TECs are plotted in Figure 1b for 00:00 and 12:00 UT on 3, 4 and 5 February. The global spatial distribution of W index includes quiet conditions at the presform hour 00:00 UT on 3 February. An enhanced positive _TEC_ disturbance (red area) is most essential, for example, during the peaks of the geomagnetic storm. The negative storm effects (blue area) are observed over the Antarctic region at the time approaching the storm peaks and became dominant after the 2 nd storm peak. Note that the GIM-TEC and GIM-W maps could not be examined in real time during the Starlink operation: they are produced with 1 or 2 days' lag (delay) after the space weather event when the GIMs became available, so these GIMs can be used only for the postprocessing analysis. Figure 2a presents IMF parameters similar to Figure 1a provided by OMNI from 6 to 9 July 2022.