esa-sceva/satcom-chunk-collection huggingface dataset:
## 4 Performance Tests of the Proposed PRNG
### Key Space Analysis  
The key space analysis is related with the security analysis in congruence with the Kerchoff's principle. This principle defines specifications related to the security analysis of a cryptographic module [89], and it says that a system for cryptography applications must be secure even if everything about the system is in the public domain, except the key. In this sense, we assume that the security of the proposed PRNG is associated with the size of the key space required to produce the numerical sequences. Assuming that the proposed PRNG is a cryptographic module of public knowledge, then its security is kept only in the key that is required to produce the pseudorandom sequences. Then, the proposed PRNG must have a key space as large as possible to be effective in a brute force attack. According to Figure 10, the key is constituted by \(\mu_{1}\), \(x_{0}\), \(\alpha_{1}\), \(\mu_{2}\), \(y_{0}\), \(\alpha_{2}\), \(\mu_{3}\), \(z_{0}\), and \(\alpha_{3}\). Considering a standard format for floating point in double precision [90], the PRNG has 576 bits as key and then, the global key space is \(2^{576}\) values, which satisfies the general requirement of resisting brute force attack. Now, to avoid the CATs conditions, we must select \(\mu_{i}\leq\alpha_{i}\), \(i=1\), \(2\), and \(3\), and then, the key space is reduced to approximately \(2^{384}\) values. In this calculation, we consider that each \(\mu_{i}\) will be bounded to the least significant \(k_{i}\) bits, and consequently, each \(\alpha_{i}\) will take values with the most significant \(64-k_{i}\) bits.
## 5 Improved VSG Control Strategy Based on Active Transient Feedback Compensation  
This chapter presents an enhanced VSG control strategy to tackle the substantial overshoot problem encountered by TDP-VSG under grid disturbances. This strategy is based on active power transient feedback compensation and is informed by transient damping control techniques. By developing its small-signal model for grid-connected active power, the chapter analyses the transient oscillation suppression mechanism of the active power transient feedback control and offers a comprehensive parameter design framework. This active power transient feedback control is referred to as APFBC-VSG throughout this paper for ease of subsequent analysis.
## 2 Related Work
### Secure Address Mapping in Today's Internet  
Today, the common method to determine endpoint nodes on the Internet is IPv4 which assigns a 32 bit address to an IP-enabled device. As these addresses are difficult to memorize for humans, the Domain Name System (DNS) was established. With that, domain names can be assigned to IP addresses, which makes them easy to remember and to type them into the web browser. When a request to one domain name is initiated, a name resolution via DNS is triggered and the IP address of the corresponding IP address holder, e.g., web server, is resolved. However, DNS has been exposed to various attacks like DNS-spoofing, cache poisoning or denial of service attacks against name server. Some approaches address these issues in order to provide secure routing and address respectively name resolution. One of the most popular ones has become Domain Name System Security Extensions (DNSSEC) [13; 14; 15] within the last years. DNSSEC is supposed to provide origin authentication of DNS data, data integrity, and authenticated denial of existence for DNS by means of a PKI. A DNS resolver, _i.e._, client, can therefore verify the authenticity of the DNS data requested. However, DNSSEC does not provide confidentiality of the DNS data, which means that they are transmitted without encryption. Confidentiality for DNS queries is provided by DNSCurve [16], which encrypts the DNS data transmitted. Furthermore, DNSSEC leaves some security issues unanswered, e.g., it does not prevent distributed denial of service (DDOS) attacks on name server. In fact, it is even more prone to DDOS due to the higher resource consumption required to resolve one request. During the development process of DNSSEC, VeriSign, an operator of two DNS root servers, proposed [17] to share the master key among all root server operators using threshold cryptography as described in [18]. This would foster an equal voice of all operators. Currently, VeriSign is operating a prototype to evaluate Threshold Cryptography to activate private keys by multiple entities [19]. Anyhow, as 10 out of all 13 root server operators [20] are legally registered in the US, a fair balance cannot be achieved on a global scale.
## 3 Results and Discussion
### PVC Photostabilization Suggested Mechanisms  
Complexes **1-4** contain aromatic moieties that can provide PVC photodabilization through UV light absorption (i.e., primary photostabilizers) and release the energy at a harmless level over a period of time [63]. Complexes with a higher aromaticity content (complexes **1** and **2**) are better UV absorbers than those having a lower aromaticity content (complexes **3** and **4**). The polarity of the carboxylate group and the N-Ar bond within **1-4** and the C-Cl bond in PVC facilitate the coordination between the tin complexes and the polymer (Figure 9). Such coordination between the polarized atoms can assess and enhance the energy transfer from the excited PVC to the tin complexes, which can be dissipated over time [10; 47].  
The PVC photooxidation produces peroxide radicals that can be scavenged by complexes **1-4**. The aromatic moieties in the additive skeleton can interact with peroxide radicals (chromophores) leading to an excited state intermediate (Figure 10). Such an intermediate is highly stable via aromatic rings resonance [64].  
Figure 8: SEM images of PVC + **1** at: (**a**) 100 and (**b**) 20 \(\upmu\)m.  
Figure 9: Attraction between organotin **1** and PVC chains.  
Complexes **1-4** contain the tin atom, which is highly acidic (Lewis acid) and therefore capable of scavenging HCl efficiently (i.e., secondary photostabilizers; Figure 11) [65].
# Structural Design and Study of an Integrated Cutter System Based on Machine Operation
## 5 Conclusions  
In this paper, a new eccentric integrated cutter system is proposed, which has excellent comprehensive qualities in terms of its disassembly process, static strength and gripping quality, as well as good fastening performance. The main research work includes the following three aspects:  
* Although traditional cutter systems are cumbersome to disassemble, their mature structural designs still have the advantages of small size and good fastening performance. This paper firstly optimizes the design based on the mechanism of traditional cutter systems, and while retaining their left-side fixed structure, the locking structure on the right side is designed as a whole structure that can be linked, which finally forms an eccentric integrated cutter system. Finally, this paper introduces a center integrated cutter system based on the evolution of a six-bar single-degree-of-freedom mechanism.
* In this paper, six evaluation indexes, namely, static strength, the disassembly process, gripping size, gripping quality, three-dimensional size and preload force, are selected to establish the evaluation system of the integrated cutter system through the analytic hierarchy process. And the above three cutter systems are evaluated one by one for comparison, and it is concluded that the two integrated cutter systems are superior to the traditional cutter systems. However, the center integrated cutter system is slightly inferior to the eccentric integrated cutter system in terms of gripping quality as well as gripping dimensions.
* In order to verify the anti-loosening performance of the eccentric integrated cutter system, this paper designs a vibration experiment based on the fastener experiment method in GJB715.3A-2002. The experimental results show that the integrated cutter system is most sensitive to vibration in the direction of normal load. The preload force gradually stabilizes 10 h after the start of the vibration, the residual preload ratio value decreases to 92% at its lowest, the preload force decreases from 265 kN to 240 kN and the residual preload ratio value stabilizes at more than 90%, which shows good locking performance.  
Regarding the research on the eccentric integrated cutter system, although some results have been achieved, there are still many shortcomings. In the future, a dynamic model could be established to explore the dynamic characteristics of the new cutter system. Comparison experiments with traditional cutter samples could also be carried out to further examine the fastening performance of the new cutter samples.  
Funding acquisition, Y.M.; Conceptualization, S.L.; Methodology, J.H.; Writing--original draft preparation, K.H.; Writing--review and editing, S.L.; Project administration, H.W.; Data curation, H.C. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.  
This work was supported by \"Technology R&D Project of China Railway Construction Co., Ltd: 2021-B05\", and \"Technology R&D Project of China Railway 14 th Bureau Group Co., Ltd: 91370000163059891202110\".
## 2 Amplitude and Phase Characteristics of PSCFCs in Active Distribution Networks
### Amplitude and Phase Characteristics of PSCFCs in Active Distribution Networks with SBDGs  
The fault characteristics of SBDG are similar to those of a synchronous generator, which can be equivalent to a voltage source and the internal impedance in series. Figure 2 shows the distribution network's positive-sequence fault component composite sequence network with SBDG.  
In Figure 2, \(Z_{\text{m}}\) and \(Z_{\text{mn}}\) are the positive-sequence equivalent impedances of the GRID and feeder \(MN\), respectively. \(Z_{\text{n}}\) is the positive-sequence equivalent impedance of SBDG's equivalent internal impedance and load impedance in parallel; \(\Delta Z\) is the additional fault impedance determined by fault type and fault resistance; \(\dot{U}_{\text{f}}\) is the pre-fault voltage at the fault point; \(\Delta\dot{U}_{\text{m}}\) and \(\Delta\dot{U}_{\text{n}}\) are the positive-sequence current fault components at the \(M\) and \(N\) ends of the feeder, respectively, specifying that the positive current direction is directed from the bus to the line.  
Figure 1: Schematic diagram of the simple active distribution network.  
Figure 2: Positive–sequence fault component composite sequence network with SBDG.  
From Figure 2, the amplitude ratio of PSCFCs on both sides of the feeder \(MN\) can be obtained as  
\[\varepsilon=\frac{\left|\Delta\dot{\Lambda}_{\text{m}}\right|}{\left|\Delta\dot{ \Lambda}_{\text{n}}\right|}=\frac{Z_{\text{m}}+(1-x)\cdot Z_{\text{mn}}}{Z_{ \text{m}}+x\cdot Z_{\text{mn}}} \tag{1}\]  
According to Equation (1), the amplitude ratio of PSCFCs at both sides of the feeder in the distribution network with SBDG is related to the GRID's equivalent impedance and the fault point's location. The value range of \(x\) is [0,1], which further gives the value range of \(\varepsilon\) as [\(Z_{\text{n}}/(Z_{\text{m}}+Z_{\text{mn}})\), \((Z_{\text{n}}+Z_{\text{mn}})/Z_{\text{m}}\)]. As the GRID capacity is greater than the capacity of DGs, there is \(Z_{\text{n}}>Z_{\text{m}}\), and the upper limit of \(\varepsilon\) is greater than 1. When the line impedance \(Z_{\text{mn}}\) is larger, the lower limit of \(\varepsilon\) will be less than 1. Therefore, the range of the amplitude ratio of the PSCFCs at both sides of the line varies greatly under different fault conditions.  
After a fault in the feeder, under the action of the inertia of the SBDG itself, the phase change of the output voltage is small, the phase of the grid-connected point voltage is ahead of the output current, and the leading angle is approximately equal to the line impedance angle. Therefore, the phase angle difference \(\delta\) of PSCFCs on the GRID side and the SBDG side is small, and its value range is \(\delta\)\(\in\)(\(-18^{\circ}\),\(18^{\circ}\)) [17].
## 5 Results
### Evaluation of the Artifacts
#### 5.2.4 Fidelity to Real World Phenomenon Evaluation  
A real-world environment for facilitating routing decisions in moving vehicles based on continuous ML is visioned in Figure 3. The evaluated concept and architecture for the emulation environment (Figure 2) should be applicable also to the real underground mining environment (Figure 3) from a continuous ML point of view. For example, data storage (InfluxDB [22]), continuous model training and evaluation (MLFlow [11]), model deployment and inference (MLFlow plugin and RedisAI [12]), and OWD measurement (OWAMP [21]) may also be realized into a real environment.  
In a real-world mining environment moving vehicles may have limited connectivity, and low bandwidth available for data transfers. This may be considered in the definition of access point specifications and topologies based on which the path-loss matrices will be calculated (Figure 9) for emulation purposes. Furthermore, multipath propagation in mining tunnels can result in destructive self-interference, so-called dead zones, where throughput suddenly drops to zero. This can be modelled with proper propagation models if the 3D tunnel structure is known with sufficient accuracy. However, we are using a simplified propagation model, and thus, dead zone simulation is enabled by a simple attenuation function for which the level of attenuation and the location in mining tunnels can be given as a simulation parameter.  
When a mobile vehicle has limited connectivity, access to predictions from RedisAI may be delayed. An alternative approach would be to initially transfer and deploy the prediction model to the moving vehicle. In this case, connectivity to the prediction service would not be needed. The downside of the approach is the need to deploy a new model to every moving vehicle, and the additional processing required for executing a prediction service/inference in the moving vehicle.  
Finally, emulator functionality would need to be replaced with real mining vehicles moving autonomously with a wireless communication infrastructure. Evaluation of the proposed architecture within the conceptual view (Figure 3) of a real mining environment is left for future work.
# Location Selection Methods for Urban Terminal Co-Distribution Centers with Air-Land Collaboration
## 5 Analysis
### Model Parameters  
According to field research on urban end distribution, around 50% of regular orders weigh 2-5 kg. Combined with the technical performance parameters of common logistics drone models, this paper considered a six-rotor small drone for end distribution. The construction cost of common distribution centers includes the costs of site lease, transformation, and control facilities; the distribution cost includes the costs of the acquisition of transportation tools, energy consumption, personnel, and other expenditures. The business scope of terminal outlets includes downstream dispatching and upstream receiving. Therefore, upstream and downstream business volume research statistics were used to determine the downstream distribution cost of a single item. The model parameter settings are presented in Table 5.  
To simulate real airspace control, two quadrilateral no-fly zones were set up in the map. Each no-fly zone contained four vertices, which had the following coordinates:  
\[\begin{array}{l}NFZ1\_x=[13083.1,13082.8,13083.2,13083.7,13083.1]\\ NFZ1\_y=[4417.33,4417.03,4416.83,4417.17,4417.33]\\ NFZ2\_x=[13083.4,13083.0,13083.3,13083.7,13083.4]\\ NFZ2\_y=[4415.68,4415.39,4415.03,4415.43,4415.69]\end{array} \tag{33}\]  
Figure 5: Clustering results for the preselected set of co-distribution centers.
# Monitoring Technologies for Truck Drivers: A Systematic Review of Safety and Driving Behavior
## 3 Results
### Monitoring Technologies  
The integration of monitoring technologies into the trucking industry represents a transformative advancement in addressing safety and operational challenges. These technologies, designed to systematically monitor and assess both driver behavior and vehicle performance, have become indispensable in mitigating risks and enhancing road safety. By leveraging data-driven insights, these tools not only enable real-time interventions but also facilitate long-term strategies for accident prevention and behavioral improvement. The following sections delve into the distinct categories of monitoring technologies employed in trucking, including wearable devices, in-vehicle systems, vision-based monitoring, advanced driver assistance systems, data logging and event recording systems, and connectivity platforms.
# A Comprehensive Review of Micro UAV Charging Techniques
## 8 Potential Challenges in UAV Charging Techniques
### Joint Scheduling under Mixed Recharging Mode  
Future UAVs might be powered through different types of energy sources, including battery, fuel cell and solar cell to prolong battery lifetime during persistent tasks. It is essential to effectively manage the UAV's recharging behaviors under hybrid power supplies. In addition, UAVs can offload some computing tasks to nearby unmanned ground vehicles (UGVs) in order to reduce energy consumption [130]. Thus, the collaborative scheduling of communication, computing and hybrid energy resources between UGVs and UAVs, along with considering their competition and cooperation, becomes a critical challenge.
# Discerning Reality through Haze: An Image Dehazing Network Based on Multi-Feature Fusion
###### Abstract
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c} \hline \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**Algorithms**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Indoor Dataset (IST)**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Outdoor Dataset (OST)**} \\ \cline{2-5}  & **PSNR** & **SSIM** & **PSNR** & **SSIM** \\ \hline FFA & 36.13 & 0.9842 & 33.38 & 0.9839 \\ FFA + GPA & 36.58 (0.45\(\uparrow\)) & 0.9845 (0.0003\(\uparrow\)) & 33.46 (0.08\(\uparrow\)) & 0.9839 \\ FFA + LGCA & 37.21 (1.08\(\uparrow\)) & 0.9880 (0.0038\(\uparrow\)) & 33.70 (0.32\(\uparrow\)) & 0.9841 (0.0003\(\uparrow\)) \\ MFID-Net & 37.42 (1.29\(\uparrow\)) & 0.9890 (0.0048\(\uparrow\)) & 34.21 (0.83\(\uparrow\)) & 0.9844 (0.0005\(\uparrow\)) \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 1: The quantitative comparison results of the impact of the key technologies introduced on FFA-Net. The arrows signify the value by which the evaluation metrics increase or decrease based on the FFA-Net baseline.
# Utilizing Energy Storage for Reliability Solutions in Active Distribution Systems
## 4 Case Studies and Discussion
### DERs/Microgrids and Reliability Improvement
Furthermore, incremental reliability benefits are highly influenced by various factors, such as network topologies, provision of fault isolation within microgrid/segments of network, rated power/energy capacity of resources, intermittency/variability of renewable DGs, system load profile, operation modes of ESS, and hardware availability of resources. It should be noted that the quantification of the reliability contribution of renewable DG outputs is affected by the method to represent original scenarios, scenario reduction approach, and the number of reduced scenarios. Thus, care should be taken while using the scenario reduction method to ensure there is a balance between accuracy and computation time. In addition, possible scenarios of different mitigation resources and their states upon the occurrence of contingency (as shown in Figure 4) should be incorporated as elaborated in this paper to assess the accurate reliability profile. Results of case studies presented in this section support the possibility of reliability solutions with DERs/microgrids in the context of the distribution system. Figure 8: System reliability performance with DERs/microgrids. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c} \hline \hline \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Segments/MG**} & \(F_{\text{DSE}}\) **(occ/cust-yr)** & \(F_{\text{MI}}\) **(occ/cust-yr)** & \(U_{\text{SI}}\) **(hr/cust-yr)** & \(D_{\text{tot}}\) **(k/yr)** \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{MG1} & Base case & 1.126 & 5.078 & 8.648 & 135.866 \\ \cline{2-6}  & Improvement (\%) & 33.85 & 21.61 & 18.75 & 19.72 \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{Seg3} & Base case & 1.116 & 3.243 & 5.531 & 15.619 \\ \cline{2-6}  & Improvement (\%) & 0 & \(-\)10.34 & 30.31 & 29.63 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 3: Reliability improvement (%) of segments with DERs/microgrid operations.
# A Comparative Study of SOx, NOx, PM2.5 and PM10 in the UK and Poland from 1970 to 2020
## 3 Overall Evolution of Emissions of SOx, NOx, and PM in the UK between 1970 and 2020  
Like most highly developed countries, the UK has witnessed a reduction in air pollutant emissions in recent years (Figure 3). Before this, however, an increase was evident (Figure 4), particularly during the Industrial Revolution, a period marked by significant technological, economic, and social changes. At the beginning of the 20 th century, the UK was the largest producer of coal in Europe. In 1913, UK coal production peaked at 292 million metric tons. By 1920, the coal industry employed some 1.2 million people, constituting roughly 1 in 20 of the UK's workforce [10]. The use of coal-burning steam engines greatly increased the demand for coal. People at this time relied on coal to fuel industry, transport, and the economy [11]. In recent decades, however, increasingly stringent air pollution control policies, the implementation of new regulations, and advancements in fuels and pollution control technologies have collectively contributed to a general decrease in emissions in high-income countries.  
Figure 3: The evolution of air pollution in the UK between 1970 and 2020. Data taken from [[https://www.gov.uk](https://www.gov.uk)]([https://www.gov.uk](https://www.gov.uk)) (accessed on 1 October 2023).  
SO\({}_{2}\) emissions in the UK have been significantly reduced in recent decades as a result of sulphur restrictions on fuels and the closure of coal-fired power stations. Reductions in the emissions from the power generation sectors have been the strongest driver of the long-term trend of emission reductions, along with the move away from high-sulphur fuels (i.e., coal) to low-sulphur fuels (including a shift to low-sulphur natural gas) and the installation of flue gas desulphurisation at the remaining coal-fired power stations in the power sector. The decline in SO\({}_{2}\) emissions in recent years has been due to the closure or conversion to biomass fuel of many coal-fired power plants, which has significantly reduced the overall coal combustion capacity [12].  
The emissions of nitrogen oxides increased between 1984 and 1989 due to an increase in road traffic. After one year, the downward trend in these oxides was caused by the introduction of stricter regulations and catalytic converters in newer vehicles. The overall decrease in nitrogen oxides since 1970 has been caused by reduced coal consumption in power plants and the modernisation of road transport. The emissions from power stations and industrial combustion plants have decreased significantly, reflecting the long-term trend away from coal and oil towards natural gas and renewable energy sources [13].