## 1 Introduction  
With the development of modern society, the energy conservation, green and environmental protection issues of buildings have gradually attracted attention [1]. Gypsum is a kind of green and non-pollutive material, with the advantages of low density, energy conservation, thermal insulation, sound isolation, fire resistance and ease of processing [2]. By adding various fibers and additives into gypsum, green building boards can be produced. Glass fiber gypsum instant large hollow boards were first developed in Australia [3]. Hollow gypsum boards are first and foremost produced in a factory and then transported to a construction site for assembly. By filling packing materials or pouring concrete into the cavities, instant composite boards are made. This kind of board can be used for both non-load-bearing and load-bearing components. As widely recognized, Australia is a country without earthquakes. Thus, the influence of earthquake has not been considered during the design and utilization of instant gypsum boards [4]. Hence, the promotion and application of gypsum composite boards become difficult in earthquake zone countries. Countries including China and India have imported complete sets of instant gypsum board production lines from Australia. Although gypsum composite boards have many advantages, they can not be directly applied in countries in earthquake regions. To overcome this problem, many scholars have conducted massive experimental studies on the seismic performance of gypsum composite boards [5; 6; 7; 8] and carried out related structural analyses and theoretical derivations on their structural compositions and calculation methods [9; 10]. A lot of available studies have been carried out on single gypsum composite boards, which have relatively poor bearing and deformation capacity. Moreover,the influence of thermal insulation systems has not been considered. In recent years, countries in North America and Europe have conducted a lot of investigations on gypsum-related boards and provided references for the evaluation of performances including load bearing, fire resistance, and heat storage [11; 12; 13; 14; 15]. However, most of these studies have considered gypsum composite boards to be non-structural components [16]. Investigations have also implied that the wall enclosure structures were key components of building energy consumption [17; 18]. Hence, the most effective way to control the building energy consumption is to achieve the favorable thermal insulation performances of walls. According to the above analyses, a gypsum-concrete dense-column composite board with thermal insulation system was proposed in this study. Composite boards with only vertical gypsum cavities and external thermal insulation systems were firstly produced in factory. The external thermal insulation system mainly consisted of thermal insulation layers and external bonding veneer gypsum protective layers. The thermal insulation layers were usually polystyrene boards, asbestos boards, and other thermal insulation boards. The composite boards were sliced into wall components according to design requirements in the factory and then transported to construction sites for assembly. Rebars were placed inside vertical gypsum cavities, which were then filled up with concrete. Thus, composite walls with load bearing capacity, thermal insulation, and enclosure function were produced. These walls improved the construction quality of external thermal insulation walls and avoided the second construction of external plaster or tile fixing of conventional wall thermal insulation layers. Thus, the shortcomings of traditional building materials, including high self-weight, great energy consumption, and single function were overcome. Moreover, outdated building crafts with shortcomings of wet hand work and labor duplication were changed. While improving the quality of houses, the dirty, difficult, risky and heavy intensities of first-line construction workers were greatly reduced.