## 3 Results and Discussion
### Microstructural Characterization
#### 3.4.3 Laser Scanning Confocal Microscopy (CLSM)  
Figure 6 shows tridimensional micrographs obtained with the Z-stack mode of operation of the FB, FBO, LB and hemispherical LBO fibrous material samples. In Figure 6 (FB), the fruit bagasse fiber was observed before the organosolv process, where the presence of cellulose is indicated in blue and lignin in green.  
It was observed that the organosolv process exposed the cellulose, which presented a greater intensity in the blue channel (31.12), corresponding to cellulose in the FBO sample, which means that there was a greater content of the component. Values that are related to the  
Figure 6: CLSM images of the distribution of lignin and cellulose. The green color corresponds to lignin and the blue color to cellulose. FB = fruit bagasse fiber before organosolv; FBO = fruit bagasse fiber after organosolv; LB = leaf bagasse fiber before organosolv; LB0 = leaf bagasse fiber after organosolv. The scale bar denotes 100 \(\upmu\)m.  
results are presented in Section 3.1, where the FBO sample showed 39.15 \(\pm\) 1.33% cellulose, representing approximately a 20% greater value than the FB sample (33.52 \(\pm\) 0.43% and blue channel intensity of 23.32). Although the FBO sample presented a higher intensity in the green channel (29.27), the FB sample presented a greater content of lignin (2.21 \(\pm\) 0.05%), which represents approximately a 46% greater value than the FBO sample (1.18 \(\pm\) 0.11%).  
These are related because, despite the fact that the FBO sample presented more intensity at certain points, throughout the entire sample, there was greater homogeneity in the blue color (Figure 6 (FB)), represented by the fact that the FB sample had the lignin in more of the surface area compared with the organosolv processed sample (Figure 6 (FBO)), indicating that this method reduced the presence of amorphous material related to the hydrolysis of thermolabile components such as pectin and hemicellulose, while the fibrillar structure remained intact.  
On the other hand, after performing the organosolv process and capturing the 3D micrograph, it can be observed that the presence of amorphous material was reduced (cellulose and lignin) in the leaf samples (LBO). In relation to the lignin content, the LBO samples showed a lower content (1.09 \(\pm\) 0.02%) in relation with the LB sample (4.81 \(\pm\) 0.14%), which was related to the intensity of the green channel, where the LBO sample showed 10% less intensity (18.22) than the LB sample (20.33). Nevertheless, for the cellulose content, the samples (LB and LBO) presented the same behavior as the FB and FBO samples for lignin, where the higher intensity in the blue channel was presented by the LBO sample (39.63); however, the content was almost 5% less than that of the LB sample.  
CLSM allowed us to corroborate the presence, distribution and interaction of cellulose and lignin before and after the organosolv process. These results are important because these components are found together naturally in the walls of plant cells. It was also verified that the organosolv process partially disorganizes the lignocellulosic matrix that constitutes the cell pairs in the tissues and that the presence of cellulose (blue color) and lignin (green color) is observed more clearly after performing the extraction process because the amorphous material disappears [28; 56].