# Assessment of Several Approaches to Biofortified Products: A Literature Review
## 2 Materials and Methods
### The Complexity of Dimensions of the Biofortified Products
#### 3.2.3. Biofortification, Economy, and Market  
In the third working group, in \"market and marketing\" studies, the research question is often aimed at gathering information on the concept of biofortification, to understand the association that is made by the market and consumer, but also to analyze how biofortification is understood, the positions for and against biofortification, the associated benefits arising from biofortification and the consumption of products associated with nutrition, but also cues for names and logos to communicate the idea of biofortification chosen by consumers [46; 47].  
In a face-to-face study of 34% of farmers and 66% of consumers in Nigeria, it was found that half of farmers and consumers were familiar with the concept of \"fortifying crops\" [48; 49; 50]. Of this percentage, 66% linked it to crops containing added vitamins, 21% understood the concept of biofortification, and 21% understood that crops grow faster and 16% understood that fertilizers or chemicals should be added to improve crops. The idea and belief among consumers that they are attracted by products and brands that refer to nutritional claims is also widespread [51].  
Given the nutritional benefits of biofortification, most consumers want all foods in their diet to be biofortified [52; 53].  
A consumer choice tool may be the label. Food labels are, as are well-known, the means by which the producer communicates useful information about the food to the consumer. The label, is identified as a guarantee of quality and a certain, beneficial effect [54; 55; 56; 57; 58].  
Therefore, the terms \"biofortification\" and \"biofortified food\" on the product label are important elements of consumer assessment [59].  
According to other studies, one way to raise consumer awareness of biofortified crops, foods and market demand for these products have been and are through the use of social marketing [47; 60; 61; 62]. Social marketing of biofortified crops was created to increase awareness and understanding of concepts such as hidden hunger. It explains the behaviors that a person or a community can do to limit the incidence of hidden hunger. Consequently, it is essential to use different techniques from those used in marketing commercial products, so social marketing has a considerable role to play [47; 62; 63].  
The aim is to increase knowledge about nutrition, preparation, and consumption [64; 65].  
As can be seen from this review, communication and marketing also change with changing consumer behavior. In fact, a particularity of biofortified products is that they have agronomic, aesthetic, organoleptic, and food characteristics and are suitable for transport and storage. But the requirement that differentiates it substantially from other products is that biofortified varieties have a higher nutrient content, which influences the color [66]. For example, orange sweet potatoes were not accepted in the market due to the orange color not being identified by consumers, but later found that the orange color was more attractive to children [67].  
In this group of studies, the debate often focuses on the \"consumer revolution,\" typical of rich countries due to the growth in per capita income and the choice of food increasingly influenced by socio-cultural, ethical, and religious factors and ad hoc trends. In this context, the focus of the contributions was on increasing consumption in quantitative terms, which generates overweight and obesity, with particular attention to the younger sections of the population [64; 68; 69]; on the series of scandals in the agrifood sector and the emergence of the problem of safeguarding and protecting the health of the final consumer; on the \"junk food\" typical of the daily diet, made up of snacks and packaged foods without nutritional value and with considerable chemical additives [64; 65]; on sedentariness, on the various pathologies of modern society [50].