## 4 Solution Methodology
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**Perspectives for Assessing Industrial Transformation** & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Designations of Perspectives for Assessing Industrial Transformation**} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{**Description**} \\ \hline \hline \multirow{6}{*}{Economic} & \multirow{2}{*}{U1} & The assessment of economic aspects centres on the analysis of the costs and benefits associated with implementing specific technologies in an enterprise, taking into account both investment outlays and long-term financial effects. In the context of the transformation to Industry 5.0, it is crucial not only to estimate the expenses related to technology deployment, maintenance, and integration technologies (e.g., IoT infrastructure, AI licenses or AR/VR systems) but also their impact on process efficiency, waste reduction, resource consumption optimization, or reductions in operating costs. Factors such as return on investment (ROI), total cost of ownership (TCO) and the potential of a given technology to generate new revenue streams are also analysed, e.g., by personalizing products, entry into new markets, or modelling digital services. From the perspective of Industry 5.0, the economic value of sustainable development is also playing an increasingly important role, e.g., through technologies that enable efficient production while reducing the impact on the environment and improving employee well-being. The economic aspect therefore considers not only immediate financial outcomes and long-term transformational potential. \\ \hline \hline \multirow{6}{*}{Organizational (Process-Oriented) Organizational (Process-Oriented) U2} & Organizational aspects refer to the influence of emerging technologies on the structure, culture, and, operational processes of enterprises. In the context of Industry 4.0 and 5.0, an organization’s capacity to adapt and integrate new technologies into existing work systems is of particular importance. Assessment includes, among other factors, the readiness of managerial staff to implement changes, the level of employee competence, the maturity of processes, and the degree of formalization of implementation procedures. Also key are the mechanisms facilitating interdepartmental collaboration (e.g., IT, production, logistics), flexibility in designing information flows, and opportunities for continuous improvement. Technologies such as AI, AR/VR, or digital twins often necessitate the reorganization of roles, the training of teams, and the implementation of new communication standards. From the perspective of Industry 5.0, the human-centric approach becomes increasingly relevant, i.e., creating work environments that support the creativity, autonomy, and safety of employees in interaction with technology. Finally, an organization’s readiness to manage change and its process resistance to disruptions resulting from the integration of innovative solutions are also assessed. \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular} The assessment of technological aspects in the context of the transformation from Industry 4.0 to 5.0 focuses on the maturity, interoperability, and the integrability of specific technologies with existing production and IT systems. The key here is to determine the level of technological advancement (Technology Readiness Level—TRL), infrastructure requirements, technical feasibility, and the ability to scale implementation. Technologies are assessed in terms of their compliance with industrial standards and ease of deployment in various production environments (including cyber-physical systems), as well as their potential for further development towards sustainable, autonomous, and intelligent solutions. Compatibility with other technologies is also a critical factor—for example, the use of artificial intelligence in the analysis of data from IoT or the use of digital twins to monitor performance of advanced materials. In the context of Industry 5.0, the humanization of technologies also plays an important role, i.e., their adaptation to safe and intuitive cooperation with humans (e.g., cobots or brain-computer interfaces). Technology assessment allows us to identify not only the current capabilities of a given technology but also its potential for adaptation to the increasingly dynamic and complex production ecosystem of the future.  
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