# Accident Risk Analysis of Gas Tankers in Maritime Transport Using an Integrated Fuzzy Approach
## 4 Findings
### Risk Model for Gas Tanker Accident Risks  
By combining the fuzzy DEMATEL and FTA methods, a gas tanker risk model was developed. With the help of this risk model, ship operators will be able to monitor and evaluate possible accidents and environmental risks that may occur in gas tanker operations,  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{l l l l} \hline \hline
**Risk Code** & **Risk Factor** & **Probability** & \
\begin{tabular}{l} **Contribution** \\ **Level** \\ \end{tabular} \\ \hline R4 & risk of fire or explosion & 0.0938 & 9.38 \\ R11 & large gas leakage due to an accident & 0.0859 & 8.75 \\ R9 & release of toxic gases due to leakage & 0.0781 & 8.12 \\ R14 & incomplete or inadequate emergency procedures & 0.0703 & 7.5 \\ R2 & gas leakage after collision or grounding & 0.0625 & 6.25 \\ R3 & corrosion and leakage in tank or pipe systems & 0.0547 & 5.62 \\ R8 & risk of collision/crash during harbour or mooring & 0.0547 & 5.62 \\ R15 & technical failure in fire extinguishing systems & 0.0547 & 5.0 \\ R1 & gas leakage during cargo handling & 0.0469 & 4.38 \\ R7 & hose or manifold damage during & 0.0469 & 4.38 \\ R16 & failure of cargo tank pressure control systems & 0.0469 & 4.38 \\ R13 & extreme weather conditions & 0.0469 & 4.38 \\ R5 & failure of personnel to fully comply with safety & 0.0391 & 3.75 \\  & procedures & & \\ R19 & inadequate post-accident crisis management & 0.0391 & 4.38 \\  & plans & & 0.0391 & 3.75 \\ R17 & incorrect valve or pump operation due to human & 0.0391 & 3.75 \\ R6 & increase in tank pressure under the influence of & 0.0312 & 3.12 \\ R12 & air pollution caused by gas operation & 0.0312 & 3.12 \\ R18 & failure to fully comply with international gas & 0.0312 & 3.12 \\  & transport regulations & & 0.0234 & 2.5 \\ R20 & impact on cargo and vessel operations due to & & 0.0234 & 2.5 \\ R10 &
\begin{tabular}{l} damage to marine organisms of the tanker \\ structure \\ \end{tabular} & 0.0234 & 2.5 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}
Table 8: Probabilities and contribution levels of risks.  
incorporating the risks they have identified within their organisations. Figure 7 shows a schematic diagram of the gas tanker risk model.  
The gas tanker risk model will help to identify new potential accident risks by adding or removing various risks that may occur in gas tankers with different age distributions and deadweight. The risk model developed in this study will offer significant opportunities for integration into existing Safety Management Systems (SMS) of gas tanker operators. By systematically mapping operational, environmental, and human factor risks, companies can prioritise preventive measures in their risk assessment matrices and align them with the requirements of the International Safety Management (ISM) Code. The model can be used as the basis for dynamic risk monitoring platforms, providing real-time updates and early warnings during critical operations such as cargo handling or navigation in narrow waters. In addition, the model can be used to simulate accident scenarios derived from Fault Tree Analysis and incorporated into crew training programmes, thereby enhancing seafarers' situational awareness and emergency preparedness. In addition, port authorities and terminal operators can use the results to design more robust port security drills that specifically address high-priority risks such as gas leaks and toxic gas emissions during cargo operations. Through these applications, the risk model will serve as both a strategic planning tool and an operational safety measure, supporting a proactive and resilient maritime safety culture.  
As an open model that allows for the incorporation of new risks arising from advances in maritime technology and industry developments, this framework will serve as a critical resource for contingency plans, company-wide training programmes, and International Safety Management (ISM) systems within maritime organisations.