# Antihyperglycemic Potential of Mace Water Extract from _Myristica_ fragments [PERSON]
## 3 Results and Discussion
### Correlation Between Clinical Parameters
The relative weight of the livers of hypergly rats treated with ME intervention in this study was 3.85% lower than the negative control. Although not statistically significant, this result is in line with the study of [PERSON] and [PERSON] [44]. The study found an increase in the relative weight of kidneys and liver in diabetic rats induced by streptozotocin. The increase in liver weight is thought to be due to liver enlargement caused by increased accumulation of triglycerides. This triglyceride accumulation is caused by increased entry of fatty acids into the liver, caused by hypoinsulinemia and low excretion-secretion capacity of lipoprotein from the liver due to deficiency in apolipoprotein B synthesis. [PERSON] and [PERSON] [70] stated that excessive synthesis of triglycerides in the liver is driven by the supply of fatty acids to the liver. The accumulation of excess liver fat is further exacerbated by impaired liver fatty acid oxidation due to insulin resistance. Conditions of elevated glucose levels in the context of pre-diabetes or diabetes will provide further substrates for triglyceride synthesis. Liver abnormalities in type 1 DM are closely related to glycogen hepatopathy. This condition can develop in adults or children with uncontrolled type 1 DM and is characterized by excess glycogen in hepatocytes, resulting in liver enlargement. Although information about the weight and volume of organs, such as the pancreas, liver, and kidneys, has the potential to contribute to clinical management and prognosis in diabetes, a histological analysis of the investigated organs could undoubtedly provide crucial insights into cellular damage or repair, strengthening the mechanistic claims and hypotheses described hereto. [PERSON] et al. [71] explained some relevant mechanisms linking polyphenols and DM risk. The evaluation of the antidiabetic potential in this study strongly indicates several mechanisms that can be played by nutmeg mace, namely, reducing gluconeogenesis, which is characterized by inhibiting the rate of body weight loss, improving \(\beta\)-cell integrity and preventing oxidative stress damage to the pancreas, and inhibiting starch hydrolyzing enzymes (\(\alpha\)-glucosidase and \(\alpha\)-amylase) and glucose transporters (SLGT1 and GLUT2) in the small intestine. Nutmeg mace may also work through other mechanisms, but specialized studies are required to prove this. To validate its relevance for functional food application, the translatability of the ME doses used in experimental rats in this study to human equivalents (HED) should be discussed. The main dose of ME used in this study was 75 mg ME/kg BW (15 mg ME/200 g BW), equivalent to 1.84 mg of total ME phenolics/kg BW. Referring to Indonesian FDA (BPOM) Regulation No. 20 of 2023 on \"Guidelines for preclinical pharmacodynamic testing of traditional medicine\" (BPOM 20/2023), the conversion value from rat (normal BW, 200 g) to humans (normal BW, 70 kg) is 56. Thus, the dose given to experimental rats in this study, if converted to humans, would be equivalent to 840 mg ME/70 kg BW (obtained from 15 \(\times\) 56 = 840) or 0.84 g ME/70 kg BW. In normal consumption of tea drinks, generally 2 g of dry tea powder is brewed with \(\pm\)250 mL of hot water (the brewing conditions are relatively the same as the extraction conditions in this study). The yield of mace water extract obtained in this study was 6.31 \(\pm\) 0.91% [28]. This means that 1 g of dry mace powder, extracted with water (1:10 \(w/v\)) is equivalent to 0.0631 g ME. In the opposite sense, 1 g ME is equivalent to 15.85 g of dry mace powder. Therefore, if the HED is 0.84 g ME/70 kg BW, then it will be equivalent to 13.31 g of dry mace powder/70 kg BW. This dose is still 6.65 times higher than the normal consumption dose, which is 2 g/70 kg BW (referring to the general dose of tea consumption). Thus, if this dose is reduced for application as functional food, it still promises a positive effect, considering the nature of functional food, which is more preventive than curative.