# Optimized One-Click Development for Topology- Optimized Structures +
Footnote †: Published: 8 March 2021  
methods, level set methods, phase field methods, and topological derivates. Existing algorithms can be clustered into mathematical and empirical approaches. An overview can be found for instance in [17; 18]. New methods are shown in [19], for instance, where neural networks are directly used in TO as an alternative to the commonly applied solid isotropic material with penalization (SIMP) approach. Today's research in TO is often linked with additive manufacturing (AM) since its freedom of design is almost essential for fabricating topology-optimized structures [20; 21; 22; 23; 24; 25; 26]. The exploitation of lattice structures or graded porosity is of high interest in many cases [25; 26; 27]. Nevertheless, the interpretation of the optimization result and its transformation into a parametric CAD geometry is still challenging. Approaches to solving this problem can be found, for example, in [24; 28; 29].  
To enhance the manufacturability of optimized designs, manufacturing constraints are introduced [30; 31]. While manufacturing constraints of casting processes have been of high interest since the early 2000s [6; 29; 32; 33; 34], the focus of today's research is shifting towards AM [4; 20; 21; 22; 25; 35; 36; 37; 38; 39]. The consideration of design for additive manufacturing (DfAM) aspects leads to superior solutions compared with unconstrained TO since the designs can be interpreted more efficiently and can be manufactured \"as optimized\" in many cases [24; 39].  
This article presents a method to streamline the TO-based product development process from the initial design space to the ready-to-manufacture file by creating a process that is executable by \"one click\" and is referred to in the following as \"one-click\" optimization. The one-click optimization process, as described in Figure 1, mainly consists of TO using the topology optimization for stiffness and strength (TOSS) algorithm [40] followed by a two-step smoothing algorithm [41] for postprocessing. Furthermore, this article introduces finite sphere-based manufacturing constraints to consider DfAM aspects [42]. With these functionalities, it is possible to widely automate the conventional product development process.  
This article investigates the performance of one-click optimized parts compared to manually redesigned parts and the initial design space. Therefore, the parts are additively manufactured and experimentally tested using a universal testing machine. The main goal  
Figure 1: The visualization of the presented one-click optimization approach. The one-click tool aims to re-place and to widely automate the steps of topology optimization, smoothing, data exchange and redesign and finite element analysis, which are shown inside the green shaded area.  
is to show if the one-click optimized parts can be used as alternatives to the redesigned parts, leading to faster product development for optimized lightweight structures. The presented one-click optimization method is implemented in the TO freeware Z88 Arion(r) (developed by the Chair of Engineering Design and CAD, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany) and is available at [43].