# Impact of Plasma Combustion Technology on Micro Gas Turbines Using Biodiesel Fuels
## 1 Introduction
Plasma technology is a solution based on free-electron formation under high temperatures to enhance combustion efficiency in automotive engines with biofuels [30; 31; 32]. Plasma technology has evolved over the years but has not been applied to GTE. Current plasma designs can easily reach very temperatures of over 5000 \({}^{\circ}\)C, making them suitable for used in GTEs [33; 34]. Therefore, a fundamental understanding of plasma-fuel combination and its correlation with emission levels is essential for optimal use of biofuel in GTEs. Considerable progress has been made in recent research in terms of understanding the impact of plasma on improving the fuel combustion process [35; 36; 37]. The validation of such mechanisms was achieved through experimentation under controlled conditions and by comparing the results with numerical simulations of discharge and combustion processes [38; 39]. There is no detailed review of the recent applications of plasma in internal combustion engines, particularly in GTE applications. This knowledge gap is a severe setback in advancing the science of plasma technology in internal combustion (IC) engines. The use of biodiesel from plant-based oils results in competition in food supply chains, but biodiesel from animal fat waste is cost-effective and reduces environmental impact. Therefore, there is an opportunity to integrate plasma technology and biodiesel from cost-effective Kuwait sheep fat waste in GTEs. We investigated the feasibility of injecting a hybrid plasma-rich animal fat biodiesel mixture in the compressor inlet to enhance the efficiency of GTE operation and reduce GHG emission levels. The integration of plasma technology in GTEs is proposed as a solution based on the principle of free electron formation under high temperatures to enhance the overall combustion efficiency with the adoption of biofuels, meeting the higher combustion temperature requirement for the oxygenated biodiesel fuel [40]. A fundamental understanding of the role of plasma-fuel combination in reducing emission levels can help to achieve optimal use of biofuel [41]. There is a need to restructure the design principle of significant aspects of GTEs to improve engine performance and reduce fuel consumption, cost, and GHG emissions,which motivated the current study. The main objective of this study is to investigate and assess the impact of plasma combustion technology on a mini gas turbine (MGT) using animal fat biodiesel fuel. This is achieved by injecting a hybrid plasma-rich mixture in the compressor inlet of the engine system, achieving enhanced combustion of biodiesel fuel through improved thermal efficiency. This study addresses the knowledge gap in the application of plasma technology and animal fat biodiesel fuel in IC engines. Such applications could reduce GHG emissions, improve engine performance efficiency, and reduce fuel consumption associated with GTE operation. The remainder of this paper is structured as follow. In Section 2, introduce the research methods entailing fuel characterization, laboratory mini GTE fabrication, construction, assembly, and testing. Data collection, analysis, and discussion are detailed in the following section. The final section is the conclusion and recommendations for future work.