###### Abstract
In short, there was an improvement in performance, but not learning. The fact that leukocyte reduced lumbar flexion but with potential feedback dependency raises the question of whether a tape with more elastic properties may yield similar results in reducing lumbar flexion but without feedback dependency. A more flexible tape could provide proprioceptive information on lumbar flexion without constraining the movement. An example of a more flexible tape that is commonly used in clinical practice is kinesio tape. Kinesio tape has been shown to elicit mechanical deformation of the skin superficial to the paraspinals [15]. This suggests that kinesio tape activates cutaneous mechanoreceptors, and thus it enhances proprioception [16; 17]. In addition, pre-stretching the tape before its application might even further stimulate mechanoreceptors through the deformation of the skin [18], potentially further augmenting skin stretching [9]. As such, kinesio tape may reduce lumbar flexion during lifting through an improvement in proprioception, and consequently promote learning. Yet, to our knowledge, very few studies have investigated the effects of kinesio tape on lumbar proprioception. Previous work by [PERSON] et al. [19] noted that kinesio tape had no effect on the lumbar flexion relaxation phenomenon, and differential effects on trunk position sense and postural control. Others have proposed that kinesio tape applied to the lumbar extensor muscles could improve postural control through an enhancement in proprioception; however, there is no evidence for this assumption, and improved postural control could also be a result of muscle strengthening or pain reduction [20]. In summary, leukocyte seems to be effective in reducing lumbar flexion during lifting. However, it is not yet understood which mechanism underpins this reduction, and it has been suggested that the tape may restrict movement, lead to feedback dependency, and have a reduced effect on learning. A more elastic tape applied to the skin of the trunk dorsum may similarly reduce spine bending through an improvement in spine proprioception rather than restricting movement, and consequently promote learning. The aim of the current work was two-fold: (1) to assess the utility of leukocyte- and kinesio-tape-derived sensory cues as a means to limit peak lumbar flexion during a lifting task, and (2) to assess the effects of leukocyte- and kinesio-tape-derived sensory cues on gross lumbar proprioception (i.e., position sense). The ultimate aim was to examine how different tapes influence the performance and learning of a safe lifting movement with reduced spine flexion. The participants were randomly assigned to a leukocyte and a kinesio tape group. Leukotape was attached to the participants' lower back in one group, while kinesio tape was used in the other group. Both groups performed the same repetitive lifting task, and lumbar flexion was measured during lifting. Before and after this lifting training, the participants performed a repositioning task to measure their proprioceptive ability. It was hypothesized that both tapes would reduce lumbar flexion from baseline to retention, and that the repositioning error would decrease from baseline to retention in the kinesio tape group but not in the leukocyte group. Due to the small sample, the data collected and presented here can be used as a pilot for designing the investigation of mechanisms underpinning the effect of tape-mediated tactile feedback.