# Cybersecurity Risk Analysis in the IoT: A Systematic Review
## 4 Evaluation and Analysis  
Table 1 represents a comprehensive overview of the previous articles. We analyzed the studies based on two primary dimensions. (1) Identification of the attacks and challenges outlined in each article, (2) the proposed approach and framework. The reviewed literature has addressed a wide range of attacks posing threats to the IoT. The content of the studies varied, with some focusing on specific attacks, while others addressed broader challenges in IoT cybersecurity. This section presents in-depth findings and analysis of the different attacks identified in the literature, along with a comprehensive discussion of the various frameworks and proposed solutions to mitigate these threats. Starting with smart cities and smart homes, smart cities had concerns regarding keeping their systems under control. Cybersecurity attacks can threaten the power grid and water supply, resulting in the collapse of essential daily needs [20]. Staying in the same domain, smart homes were attacked by privacy violations, which impacted the physical world as a result [27]. Moreover, [28] mentioned that there are physical, network, and software attacks that impact the safeguarding of smart homes. In addition, smart homes had concerns about eavesdropping and impersonation attacks, as well as network routing and service availability challenges [33]. The proposed solutions for the smart cities and smart homes were OCTAVE Allegro evaluation methodology and GHOST safeguarding homes. In addition, a smartphone application was proposed for monitoring the household devices' state. The next discipline is the economic impact of cybersecurity, as cybersecurity attacks created concerns regarding the impacts and consequences on the economy and industrial devices. Industrial devices based on the IoT were widely used [25; 29; 30; 35]. Proposed solutions for this domain included mapping interactions among various factors in the IoT devices, as well as the IoT MicroMort model for economic impact calculation. Moreover, the health sector has suffered from cyberattacks, which were addressed by the previous literature, as cybersecurity attacks threaten healthcare services and include data loss and physical attacks [9; 22]. Proposed solutions included a normative hierarchical model of international cybersecurity standards. The authors also suggested supporting dynamic adaptation to cyber threats. Furthermore, cybercrimes were a main concern and a significant field of study that caught the attention of many scholars [34; 38; 17; 33; 42; 12]. Attacks included impact on the global economy, organizations' assets, profiling of human data, and confidential data. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{p{113.8 pt} p{113.8 pt} p{113.8 pt}} \hline \hline
**References** & **Attacks/Challenges** & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Proposed Framework/Approaches**} \\ \hline \multirow{8}{*}{[1]} & & - & Approach to check the existence of pirated software and malware-infected files in the IoT network. - & The TensorFlow deep neural network to recognize the pirated software. - & \\  & & Challenges: economic and reputational damages & - & Tokenization and weighting characteristics to get rid of the noisy data. - & Deep learning approaches to check the source code plagiarism. \\ \hline
[2] & Confidentiality concerns and data exploitation & Risk analysis based on EBIOS methodology. \\ \hline
[3] & Organization’s assets attacks & A form of runtime, near-real-time risk assessment support. \\ \hline \multirow{8}{*}{[20]} & Controlling traffic light attacks against smart vehicles Collapsing the power grid Surveillance cameras & \\  & Water supply (chemical levels) & An evaluation model to assess the cybersecurity (level of Power outage & maturity) of IoT solutions used in a smart city. \\  & Smart cities lose control of their systems as a result of the attacks & \\ \hline \multirow{8}{*}{[23]} & & A proposed framework for the security verification of distributed industrial control systems.