# Experimental Study on the Risk Preference Characteristics of Members in Supply Chain Emergencies
## 1 Introduction
[13] subdivided financial risk into seven sub-domains and did a fractional analysis and principal component analysis on the risk options of different sub-domains in order to verify the correlation between risk environment and risk preference. [PERSON] [10] studied risk preference in five fields: finance, health and safety, entertainment, ethics, and social decision-making. [PERSON] et al. [14] studied whether the COVID-19 pandemic had impacted risk preferences and analyzed the relationship between risk preference, the stock market, and the investment environment. Considering that the decision-making time in emergencies is urgent and its pressure is huge, scholars have begun to pay more attention to the influence of time pressure on decision-making behavior. [PERSON] and [PERSON] [15] were the first scholars to research the influence of time pressure on decision-making. They believed that decision-making is more conservative under the condition of time pressure, which contributes to the re-organization of the frame and the frame effect. Subsequently, relevant scholars studied the influence of time pressure on decision-making behavior from different perspectives. [PERSON] [16] took students as subjects and found that risk preference and decision-making behavior were affected by time pressure. [PERSON] et al. [17] showed that time pressure stimulated decision makers to produce adaptive survival behaviors in emergencies. [PERSON] et al. [18] assumed that the load rating of UAV operators would be significantly affected by time pressure. [PERSON] and [PERSON] [19] studied decision-makers' behaviors in financial risk projects with time pressure through experiments. [PERSON] and [PERSON] [20] found that there were significant differences in coping with time pressure capacity between different selected subjects. [PERSON] and [PERSON] [21] reported on the time pressure and bidding behavior of participants during the auction. Some researchers also set game tasks with cards or lotteries to study the relationship between time pressure and risk preference [22; 23]. Based on the above findings, the risk behaviors with time pressure are heterogeneous in different decision-making areas. More studies are needed to explore how different risk areas affect individual risk attitudes and decision-making strategies. Based on the above research results, it was found that there are still certain limitations in the research of supply chain emergency management theory and methods, as well as an insufficient fit with the practice of supply chain risk management and the inability to meet the needs of supply chain enterprise risk management. As reflected in the following: (1) The identification of causal factors for supply chain emergencies is not clear enough and systematic analysis is insufficient. There is a lack of research on the influencing factors and characterization of risk preferences under supply chain emergencies. This not only hinders the pace of theoretical research but also affects the scientific premise on which supply chain emergency management relies. (2) Due to the inherent complexity of the supply chain structure and the difficulty in predicting emergencies, research methods mainly rely on qualitative and quantitative analysis, while experimental and empirical research is relatively scarce. Moreover, there is less emphasis on the urgency of emergencies and the pressure of decision-making in terms of research characteristics. These cannot provide an accurate and scientific basis for the management of supply chain emergencies. This study examined the interaction between time pressure and risk preference, taking time pressure as an external characteristic variable and risk preference as an endogenous variable in supply chain emergencies. Based on the framework of [PERSON]'s [10] DOSPERT scale, the content of supply chain conventional risk was adapted and divided into nine fields: morality risk, legal risk, information risk, supply risk, logistical risk, demand risk, cooperation risk, economic risk, and political risk.