# Recent Advances in Myoelectric Control for Finger Prostheses for Multiple Finger Loss
## 4 Cosmetic Gloves for Myoelectric Prosthetic Hand or Fingers  
Humiliation arising from the use of a prosthetic finger or hand has been considerably reduced because of esthetic improvements. Coverings and gloves have been developed to approximate natural skin tones and they allow visualization of the metallic infrastructure beneath. There are different passive prosthetic gloves available for finger/hand rehabilitation such as electrically powered, activity-specific, body-powered, and hybrid models. A body-powered glove is durable as it is directly driven by body parts (joints and wrist). The cosmetic gloves for myoelectric prosthetic hands can be made from various superelastic rubbers, such as silicone rubber (TSG silicone), a thermoplastic styrene elastomer (TSE), or polyvinyl chloride (PVC) for a realistic appearance and support for flexible motion. Figure 4 shows the silicone prosthesis for finger and hand finger rehabilitation.  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Developed** & **Name** & **Producer** & **Size** & \begin{tabular}{c} **Number of** \\ **Joints** \\ \end{tabular} & \
\begin{tabular}{c} **Degree of** \\ **Freedom** \\ \end{tabular} &
\begin{tabular}{c} **Joint Coupling** \\ **Method** \\ \end{tabular} & **Study** \\ \hline
2009 & i-Limb & \begin{tabular}{c} Touch \\ Bionics \\ \end{tabular} & \
\begin{tabular}{c} 180–18-mm-long, \\ 80–75-mm-wide, \\ 35–41-mm-thick \\ \end{tabular} & 11 & 6 &
\begin{tabular}{c} Tendron linking \\ MCP to PIP \\ \end{tabular} & [43] \\ \hline
2010 & \begin{tabular}{c} Vincent \\ Hand \\ \end{tabular} & \
\begin{tabular}{c} Vincent \\ Systems \\ \end{tabular} & - & 11 & 6 &
\begin{tabular}{c} Linkage \\ spanning MCP \\ to PIP \\ \end{tabular} & [44] \\ \hline
2010 & i-Limb Pulse & \begin{tabular}{c} Touch \\ Bionics \\ \end{tabular} & \
\begin{tabular}{c} 180–182-mm-long, \\ 80–75-mm-wide, \\ 35–45-mm-thick \\ \end{tabular} & 11 & 6 &
\begin{tabular}{c} Tendron linking \\ MCP to PIP \\ \end{tabular} & [43] \\ \hline
2011 & SensorHand & Otto Bock & Glove sizes & 2 & 1 &
\begin{tabular}{c} DC Motor \\ Worm Gear \\ \end{tabular} & [45] \\ \hline
2011 & BeBionic & RSL Steeper & \
\begin{tabular}{c} 198-mm-long, \\ 90-mm-wide, \\ 50-mm-thick \\ \end{tabular} & 11 & 6 &
\begin{tabular}{c} DC Motor \\ Worm Gear \\ \end{tabular} & [46] \\ \hline
2011 & BeBionic V2 & RSL Steeper & \
\begin{tabular}{c} 190–200-mm-long, \\ 84–92-mm-wide, \\ 50-mm-thick \\ \end{tabular} & 11 & 6 &
\begin{tabular}{c} DC Motor Lead \\ Screw \\ \end{tabular} & [46] \\ \hline
2012 & [PERSON] & [PERSON] & - & 6 & 2 & - & [47] \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}
Table 2: Various myoelectric hand/finger prostheses details.  
Figure 4: Rehabilitation of finger and hand defects using silicone prostheses: (**a**) finger prosthesis and (**b**) hand prosthesis.  
[PERSON] et al. [48] compared TSE, TSG silicone, and PVC gloves for myoelectric prosthetic hands. They found that the differences were small and showed a similar range of motion. The flexible TSE resulted in easy fitting with the lowest fitting time and was hard to break and featured convenient elasticity. Both TSG silicone and TSE gloves showed similar results for grasping objects in pick-and-place experiments. Furthermore, TSG resin is a thermoset material and can be processed at room temperature. Therefore, the TSG silicone material was more suitable for implementing a sensor.  
Similarly, [PERSON] et al. [49] fabricated a prosthetic glove prototype from polylactic acid using 3D printing for hand rehabilitation. The best design prototype was a half-ring servomotor-operated design which is easily adjustable with varying patient finger dimensions. The prototype could produce finger movements using strings attached to servomotors. In addition, this device could be integrated with force-sensitive resistors and controllers for different disability levels; however, the durability of the coverings requires diligent care and adds further costs to the prosthesis.