# Electrification in Maritime Vessels: Reviewing Storage Solutions and Long-Term Energy Management
## 6 Conclusions  
In the future, hybrid and electric vessels are expected to play a pivotal role in transforming the maritime industry by significantly reducing greenhouse gas emissions (GHGs) during operation. These vessels will produce little to no emissions, helping to mitigate \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{l l l l l l l l l} \hline \hline
**Name** & **Country** & \begin{tabular}{l} **Battery** \\ **(kWh)** \\ \end{tabular} & \begin{tabular}{l} **Battery** \\ **Types** \\ \end{tabular} & **Year** & **Passengers** & **Cars** & \begin{tabular}{l} **Speed** \\ **(Knots)** \\ \end{tabular} & \
\begin{tabular}{l} **Length** \\ **(m)** \\ \end{tabular} \\ \hline M/S Sjovagen & Sweden & 500 & Li-ion & 2014 & 150 & - & 8.5 & 24.5 \\ Movitz & Sweden & 120 & NiMH & 2014 & 100 & - & 9 & 22.8 \\ MV Ampere & Norway & 1000 & Li-ion & 2015 & 360 & - & 10 & 79 \\ Aditya & India & 50 & Li-ion & 2016 & 75 & - & 7.5 & 21 \\ MF Tycho & Denmark & 4100 & Li-ion & 2017 & 1250 & 240 & 14.5 & 111 \\ Zhongtiandianyum & China & 2400 & Li-ion & 2017 & - & - & 7 & 70 \\ Ellen & Denmark & 4300 & Li-ion & 2019 & 200 & - & 21 & 60 \\ MF Moldefjord & Norway & 1582 & Li-ion & 2020 & 390 & 125 & - & 122.67 \\ MF Hella & Norway & 1582 & Li-ion & 2020 & 300 & 80 & - & 84.2 \\ NZK Pont 104 & Netherlands & 678 & Li-ion & 2021 & 400 &
\begin{tabular}{l} 20 cars, \\ 4 trucks \\ \end{tabular} & - & 41 \\ Randsfjordferja & Norway & 678 & Li-ion & 2021 & 48–65 & 16 & - & 33.7 \\ Elrond & Belgium & 396 & Li-ion & 2022 & 150 & 75 bikes & - \\ Norddalskijord & Norway & 1808 & Li-ion & 2023 & 248 & 80 & - & 84 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 5: Some Fully Electrical Marine Vessels in the World [45; 109; 126]. air pollution and contribute to the achievement of global climate goals [119]. Electric propulsion systems are anticipated to be quieter than traditional diesel engines, drastically reducing noise pollution and minimizing the harmful impact on marine ecosystems, which will be crucial for the preservation of marine life. Additionally, electricity is expected to become even greener, with a growing share of renewable sources in the grid, while also being more affordable and stable in price compared to fossil fuels, offering substantial long-term savings for vessel operators. The design of electric and hybrid systems will continue to evolve, with fewer moving parts and greater efficiency and power, resulting in lower maintenance costs and reduced downtime. Hybrid vessels will become increasingly effective in optimizing energy use by combining internal combustion engines with electric propulsion systems, enhancing fuel efficiency and minimizing energy waste. The future will likely see the widespread adoption of regenerative technologies, such as energy capture during braking or deceleration, which will further boost the efficiency of these vessels. As global emissions regulations, like the IMO's Carbon Intensity Indicator, become more stringent, hybrid and electric vessels will provide a practical and sustainable solution for compliance, helping to avoid penalties and fostering a greener maritime sector. This transition will drive continued innovation in battery technology and energy storage systems and the integration of renewable energy sources, benefiting not only the maritime industry but also sectors like transportation and energy [1]. Companies and governments that adopt green technologies will enhance their reputation and meet the growing consumer demand for sustainable practices, positioning themselves as leaders in the green transition. Furthermore, electric vessels powered by onboard renewable energy sources such as solar, wind, or hydrogen will reduce reliance on fossil fuels, contributing to greater energy security and promoting the widespread adoption of renewable energy across industries. The future of hybrid and electric vessels holds immense promise, with the potential to create a cleaner, more sustainable, and more efficient maritime industry while contributing to global environmental goals [126].