## 4 Results
### Analysis of the Industrial Spatial Structure of the HSR Station Area  
#### 4.2.1 Evolutionary Characteristics of the Industrial Circle Structure  
Overall, the spatial distribution of industries around the Zhengzhou East railway station area is clearly circular in 2015 and 2020. Before the completion of the HSR, industries were mainly distributed in the peripheral areas and were highly dispersed. The results in Tables 2 and 3 show that after the opening of the HSR, the spatial distribution of industries around the Zhengzhou East railway station area developed a significant circular structure. A horizontal comparison of the distribution of industrial density in the three circles shows that development intensity in the core area is relatively low and development to the west, south, and north of the station is relatively saturated. Due to the influence of the station facilities layout, the number and density of POI are lower in the core area than in the area of influence. Development intensity in the area of influence is increasing, the number and density of POI are relatively high, and several commercial buildings and commercial squares are under construction, which will provide more sufficient space for enterprises located in the area of influence around the station area. The third circle extends the development of the area of influence, and some office buildings and relatively low-grade residential areas have appeared, which seem from the landscape to be connected with the sub-central business district (CBD) of Zhengdong New District.  
Figure 1: Kernel density and land use of Zhengzhou East railway station.  
Compared with the industrial circle before and after the opening of the HSR, the results in Tables 2 and 3 show that there are obvious differences in the core area, area of influence, and peripheral area. In the core area, the opening of the HSR has had the greatest impact on the catering and accommodations industry and the wholesale and retail industry, followed by the leasing and business services industry. At the same time, the proportions of the real estate; transportation; education; financial; residential services; scientific research and technology services; and culture, sports, and entertainment industries have increased to varying degrees. In the area of influence, before the opening of the HSR, the catering and accommodations industry had the largest share of all industries. After the opening of the HSR, the proportions of the wholesale and retail; financial; health and social welfare; and culture, sports, and entertainment industries decreased. It is worth noting that the proportion of leasing and business services increased significantly from 4.5% to 16.4%, the proportion of other industries increased to varying degrees, and the range of improvement was larger than that in the core area. In the peripheral area before and after the opening of the HSR, the highest proportion of industries was that of the wholesale and retail industry, and its proportion has increased, while the proportion of the residential service industry has increased significantly. Except for those of the construction industry and financial  
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industry, the proportions of other industries have decreased. Through field research, the peripheral area was found to be mainly composed of contiguous residential areas, so there are many industries closely related to residential life. On the whole, the demand generated by HSR station facilities is mainly for catering and accommodation, wholesale and retail industries, and other basic service industries. Because of business passengers, HSR has a significant impact on demand for leasing and business services in addition to the basic services mentioned above. The development of the HSR station area is increasing the tertiary industry, changing the industrial structure of the Zhengzhou East railway station area, and optimizing and upgrading the industrial structure in this area.