## 4 Results
### Environmental Impact According to the ISO 14083 Standard
#### 4.2.2 Well-to-Wheel or Total Emissions of Transport  
Minimal \(\mathrm{G_{W}}\) on a level of individual SE in a 7-day WS occurs for R = 14 and LT = 15, with a value of 1.19 tonnes \(\mathrm{CO_{2}e}\)/year. Minimal \(\mathrm{G_{W}}\) on a level of individual SE in a 5-day WS occurs for R = 13 and LT = 15, with a value of 1.18 tonnes \(\mathrm{CO_{2}e}\)/year. Maximal \(\mathrm{G_{W}}\) on a level of individual SE in a 7-day WS occurs for R = 1 and LT = 0, with a value of 23.92 tonnes \(\mathrm{CO_{2}e}\)/year. In a 5-day WS, maximal values are observed for identical operating conditions, with a 17.09 tonnes \(\mathrm{CO_{2}e}\)/year value. When analyzing average values of \(\mathrm{G_{W}}\) per R and LT groups separately, as visible from Figure 14, maximal average \(\mathrm{G_{W}}\) in a 7-day WS occurs for the R = 1, LT = 0 (R + LT = 1) group of SEs, with a value of 23.66 tonnes \(\mathrm{CO_{2}e}\)/year and minimal 1.28 tonnes \(\mathrm{CO_{2}e}\)/year for R = 13 and LT = 15 (R + LT = 28). Maximal average \(\mathrm{G_{W}}\) in a 5-day WS occurs for the same group R = 1, LT = 0 (R + LT = 1) of SEs, with a value of 16.59 tonnes \(\mathrm{CO_{2}e}\)/year and minimal 1.22 tonnes \(\mathrm{CO_{2}e}\)/year for R = 9 and LT = 15 (R + LT = 24). When analyzing average values of \(\mathrm{G_{W}}\) per R + LT groups, we can conclude that maximal \(\mathrm{G_{W}}\) occurs in the R + LT = 1 group regardless of the WS and demand variability. For a 5-day WS, the minimal average \(\mathrm{G_{W}}\) occurs in R + LT = 27 with a value of 1.35 tonnes \(\mathrm{CO_{2}e}\)/year. The maximal average \(\mathrm{G_{W}}\) in the same WSs has a value of 17.04 tonnes \(\mathrm{CO_{2}e}\)/year for SD 10 and 16.14 tonnes \(\mathrm{CO_{2}e}\)/year for SD 30, as visible in Figure 15.  
For a 7-day WS, the minimal average \(\mathrm{G_{W}}\) occurs in R + LT = 30 with the value of 1.45 tonnes \(\mathrm{CO_{2}e}\)/year, regardless of demand variability. The maximum average \(\mathrm{G_{W}}\) in the same WSs is approx. 23.5 tonnes \(\mathrm{CO_{2}e}\)/year regardless of demand variability. Reducing R + LT from maximal to minimal values increases \(\mathrm{G_{W}}\) 12.3 times in a 5-day and 16.3 times in a 7-day WS. With the increase in R + LT, the average \(\mathrm{G_{W}}\) decreases. The most significant relative decrease in average \(\mathrm{G_{W}}\) in a 5-day WS, regardless of demand variability, occurs for R + LT = 2/1, with an average reduction of 43.2%. For both demand variability, the most significant relative decrease in average \(\mathrm{G_{W}}\), 50.0% in a 7-day WS, occurs for R + LT = 2/1. Figure 14: (**a**) \(\mathrm{G_{W}}\) per R and LT groups for FR 99.9 in a 5-day WS for high demand variability. (**b**) \(\mathrm{G_{W}}\) per R and LT groups for FR 99.9 in a 7-day WS for high demand variability. On average, with the increase in R + LT value for a single time unit, average G\({}_{\rm W}\) decreases 7.5% in a 5-day and 8.4% in a 7-day WS. Some groups of higher R + LT value show higher average G\({}_{\rm W}\) compared to lower R + LT groups. However, a significant difference occurs within workweek schedules: the average increase in 5-day WSs is 0.8%, but for 7-day WS, it is 3.1%. The highest increase compared to lower R + LT values is noticed for R + LT = 30/29 of 2.1% for 5-day and 9.9% for 7-day WS on an R + LT = 29/28. Demand variability almost does not influence the average G\({}_{\rm W}\). The average G\({}_{\rm W}\) for a 7-day WS is higher than that for a 5-day schedule. On average, the relative increase in average G\({}_{\rm W}\) for SD 10 is 26.3%, whereas for SD 30, it is 26.9%. The relative difference between the 7-day and 5-day WSs in G\({}_{\rm W}\) shows no trend with the increase in the R + LT. A maximal increase of 45.2% in average G\({}_{\rm W}\) is noticed for R + LT = 25. Minimal relative differences are visible for R + LT = 30, with average values of 4.6% regardless of demand variability. Significant differences between maximal and minimal absolute G\({}_{\rm W}\) are noticed within the R + LT groups.