# Ecotoxicological Assessment of Microplastics in Freshwater Sources--A Review
## 5 Ecotoxicological Effects on Microplastics
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Microorganism/ Organism** & **Type of MPs** & **Size of MPs** & **Concentration of MPs** & **Parameters Value** & **Effects** & **References** \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{PS} & & 1.0 \(\mu\)m & 0.1-600.0 mg/L & EC\({}_{50}\) = 66.97 mg/L (48 h) & \multirow{4}{*}{immobilization rate, oxidative stress, mortality} & [118] \\  & & 10.0 \(\mu\)m & 0.01–40.0 mg/L & EC\({}_{50}\) = 199.99 mg/L (48 h) & & \\  & & & L\({}_{50}\) = 291.99 mg/L (48 h) & & \\  & & & L\({}_{50}\) = 291.99 mg/L (48 h) & & \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{PE} & & & ID = 25.00\% \(\pm\) 1.91, & \multirow{4}{*}{immobilization rate, accumulation in gut} & [119] \\  & & & & 35.00\% \(\pm\) 10.80, 50.00\% \(\pm\) 1.00, & & \\  & & & 200.0 and 400.0 mg/L & 50.00\% \(\pm\) 2.58, 75.00\% \(\pm\) 1.00, & & \\  & & & 35.00\% \(\pm\) 1.91 (96 h) & & \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{PE} & & & & L\({}_{50}\) = 32.0 particles/mL & \multirow{4}{*}{} & \multirow{4}{*}{} \\  & & & & (88.1 h \({}^{5}\)) & & \\  & & & & L\({}_{50}\) = 18.0 particles/mL, & & \\  & & & & (96 h \({}^{5}\)) = 10.0 particles/mL & & \\  & & & & L\({}_{50}\) = 18.0 particles/mL, & & \\  & & & & L\({}_{50}\) = 10.0 particles/mL, & & \\  & & & & (88.2 h \({}^{5}\)) & & \\  & & & & L\({}_{50}\) = 5.8 particles/mL & & \\  & & & & (96 h, 22 \({}^{5}\)) & & \\  & & & & L\({}_{50}\) = 18.0 particles/mL, & & \\  & & & & & L\({}_{50}\) = 18.0 particles/mL, & & \\  & & & & L\({}_{50}\) = 18.0 particles/mL, & & \\  & & & & L\({}_{50}\) = 18.0 \({}^{5}\)/mL & & \\  & & & & L\({}_{50}\) = 14.0 particles/mL, & & \\  & & & & (96 h, 26 \({}^{5}\)) & & \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{PET} & & fibers of 20.0 \(\mu\)m & EC\({}_{50}\) = 1.34 mg/L (24 h) & \multirow{4}{*}{immobility, accumulation in gut, mortality} & [121] \\  & & thickness & & 20.0\% \(\pm\) 0.07% for 125-100 mg/L & & \\  & & & & & \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{Fig. 11} & & & & 75.0\% deformed embryos & \multirow{4}{*}{impact on development} & \multirow{4}{*}{[122]} \\  & & & & (96 h, aged MT in WWTF) & & \\  & & & & EC\({}_{50}\) = 15.0\% & & \\ \cline{1-1}  & & & & (96 h, aged MT in landfill headache) & & \\ \cline{1-1} \cline{2-6}  & & & & SP = 720.5 \% \(\pm\) 24.0 & \multirow{4}{*}{impact on development} & \multirow{4}{*}{[122]} \\ \cline{1-1}  & & & & (PP, after 10 days, at 100 mg/L) & & \\ \cline{1-1} \cline{2-6}  & & & SP = 8.03\% \(\pm\) 24.0 & \multirow{4}{*}{impact on development} & \multirow{4}{*}{[122]} \\ \cline{1-1}  & & & & (PVC, after 10 days, at 100 mg/L) & & \\ \cline{1-1} \cline{2-6}  & & & & & (123) \\ \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 3: _Cont._  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Microorganism/** & **Type of MPs** & **Size of MPs** & **Concentation of MPs** & **Parameters Value** & **Effects** & **References** \\
**Organism** & **Type of MPs** & **Size of MPs** & **Concentation of MPs** & **Parameters Value** & **Effects** & **References** \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{PS} & 45.0 \(\mu\)m & \multirow{2}{*}{1.0 mg/L} & 2.20\%, 6.1\% suppressed locomotor & \multirow{2}{*}{suppressed locomotor activity, decrease} & \multirow{2}{*}{[124]} \\  & & 0.05 \(\mu\)m & & exposure at 0.05 \(\mu\)m & & of body length, deterioration of nervous \\  & & & particles, respectively & & and visual systems \\ \cline{2-6}  & & 0.07 \(\mu\)m & & & \(5.7\times 10^{-4}\), \(1.25\times 10^{-3}\) and & \\  & & 5.0 \(\mu\)m & & & \(8.9\times 10^{-4}\) mg/mg fish (5.0 \(\mu\)m & \\  & & & particles accumulated in gill, liver, and gut, respectively) & & \\ \cline{2-6}  & & 20.0 \(\mu\)m & - & and gut, respectively) & & \\ \hline \multicolumn{6}{l}{_Cyprins arripo_} \\ _Cansansina arrats_ & & & & \(2.5\pm 1.3\) particles/fish & & \\ _Hyperphthaluschluschlus_ & & & \(1.9\pm 1.0\) particles/fish & & \\ _