# Review of Monitoring and Control Systems Based on Internet of Things
## 3 Monitoring and Control Systems Based on IoT
### IoT-Based Monitoring and Control Systems for Healthcare  
Health care is one of the most dynamically developing fields in which technology plays a crucial role in improving the quality of medical care. One of the most promising trends is the integration of IoT technologies into monitoring and control systems, which transforms how patients are diagnosed, treated, and monitored. The IoT in healthcare includes a wide range of devices and applications that enable the collection of medical data in real time, their analysis, and the transfer of information to healthcare systems, allowing for the more precise and effective management of patient's health. The use of the IoT in healthcare brings many benefits, such as remote monitoring of patients, which is especially important for people who are chronically ill, elderly, or living in remote locations. Smart devices such as wearable sensors, smart inhalers, and advanced monitoring systems in hospitals allow for continuous tracking of patients' vital signs, detection of early signs of health deterioration, and immediate medical intervention. [PERSON] et al. in [52] detail the design and implementation of an intelligent patient health tracking system that uses sensors to monitor key health parameters such as body temperature and heart rate and environmental conditions such as humidity and room temperature. These sensors are connected to an Arduino microcontroller that processes the data, displays it on an LCD screen, and transmits it to the cloud via Zigbee wireless technology. Communication between the sensors and the central server takes place using the Zigbee protocol, which is ideal for applications in sensor networks due to its low energy consumption and the ability to create large mesh networks. Data are transmitted from the local server via WLAN to the medical central server, where it is analyzed and stored. If the patient's previous medical data are missing, the system creates a new identification and starts monitoring. Experimental results, including patient health simulations with various combinations of body temperature and heart rate, confirm that the system effectively diagnoses health conditions such as fever, hypothermia, or the need for immediate medical consultation. The conclusions indicate that the use of IoT technology significantly increases the availability of healthcare, reduces the costs of medical visits and hospitalizations, and enables quick and effective responses to changes in patient's health status, which may be particularly important in crises such as epidemics. In [53], the authors focus on the role of the IoT in modernizing healthcare systems, emphasizing the importance of remote patient monitoring to improve the availability and quality of medical services. In India, where many people suffer daily from a lack of adequate and timely medical care, developing reliable patient monitoring systems that can be used in hospitals and everyday life becomes crucial. The system described in the article uses the Arduino microcontroller due to its simplicity, ecological characteristics, and low costs. Arduino is the heart of the system, integrating various sensors such as the LM35 temperature sensor, heart rate sensor, pulse oximeter, blood pressure sensor, and ECG sensor. These sensors measure parameters such as body temperature, heart rate, oxygen saturation, and blood pressure, transmitting these data to the microcontroller. Communication in the system occurs via an Ethernet module, which enables an interface with the Arduino microcontroller and connection to the network. This module, which has an IP and MAC address, stores programs and transmits data to the network, allowing authorized users to access information remotely. Data from sensors are sent to the cloud via a wireless network (WSN), which allows them to be accessed from anywhere in the world. The article also discusses the software for processing data, including scripting languages such as PHP, JSON, and the MySQL database management system.