# A Review on Internet of Things for Defense and Public Safety
## 6 Main Challenges and Technical Limitations
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c} \hline \hline
**Research** & **Timeframe 2016–2020** \\ \hline \hline Network & \(\bullet\) Self-aware, self-configuring, self-learning, self-repairing and self- organizing networks \\  & \(\bullet\) Sensor network locations transparency \\  & \(\bullet\) IPv6-enabled scalability \\  & \(\bullet\) Ubiquitous IPv6-based IoT deployment \\  & \(\bullet\) Software defined networks \\  & \(\bullet\) Service based network \\  & \(\bullet\) Multi authentication, integrated/universal authentication \\  & \(\bullet\) IPv6-based Internet of Everything (smart cities) \\  & \(\bullet\) Robust security based on a combination of ID metrics \\ \hline \hline Software & \(\bullet\) Goal oriented: distributed intelligence, problem solving, Things-to-Things collaboration environments \\  & \(\bullet\) IoT complex data analysis \\  & \(\bullet\) IoT intelligent data visualization \\  & \(\bullet\) Hybrid IoT \\  & \(\bullet\) User oriented: the invisible IoT, things-to-Humans collaboration, IoT 4 All and User-centric IoT \\ Software & \(\bullet\) Quality of Information and IoT service reliability \\  & \(\bullet\) Highly distributed IoT processes \\  & \(\bullet\) Semi-automatic process analysis and distribution \\  & \(\bullet\) Fully autonomous IoT devices \\  & \(\bullet\) Micro operating systems \\  & \(\bullet\) Context aware business event generation \\  & \(\bullet\) Interoperable ontologies of business events \\ \hline Signal Processing & \(\bullet\) Context aware data processing and data responses \\  & \(\bullet\) Distributed energy efficient data processing \\  & \(\bullet\) Cognitive processing and optimization \\  & \(\bullet\) Common sensor ontologies (cross domain) \\ \hline Discovery & \(\bullet\) Automatic route tagging and identification management centers \\  & \(\bullet\) Semantic discovery of sensors \\  & \(\bullet\) Cognitive search engines \\  & \(\bullet\) Autonomous search engines \\  & \(\bullet\) Scalable Discovery services for connecting things with services while respecting security, privacy \\  & and confidentiality \\ \hline \hline Energy efficiency & \(\bullet\) Energy harvesting (biological, chemical, induction) \\  & \(\bullet\) Power generation in harsh environments \\  & \(\bullet\) Biodegradable batteries \\  & \(\bullet\) Nano-power processing unit \\  & \(\bullet\) Energy recycling \\  & \(\bullet\) Long range wireless power \\  & \(\bullet\) Wireless power everywhere, anytime \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\begin{tabular}{c} \hline \hline \(\bullet\) Low cost, secure and high performance identification/authentication devices \\  & \(\bullet\) User centric context-aware privacy \\  & \(\bullet\) Privacy aware data processing \\  & \(\bullet\) Security and privacy profiles and policies \\  & \(\bullet\) Context centric security \\  & \(\bullet\) Homomorphic Encryption, searchable Encryption \\  & \(\bullet\) Protection mechanisms for IoT DoS/DdoS attacks \\  & \(\bullet\) Self-adaptive security mechanisms and protocols \\  & \(\bullet\) Access control and accounting schemes \\  & \(\bullet\) General attack detection and recovery/resilience \\  & \(\bullet\) Cyber Security \\  & \(\bullet\) Decentralized self-configuring methods for trust establishment \\  & \(\bullet\) Novel methods to assess trust in people, devices and data \\  & \(\bullet\) Location privacy preservation \\  & \(\bullet\) Personal information protection from inference and observation \\  & \(\bullet\) Trust Negotiation \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 2: Cont. As it can be seen in Table 2, security is the most significant demand for IoT adoption across the military. Defense faces a large number of simple devices and applications with unique vulnerabilities for electronic and cyber warfare. Data analytics and process capacity are additional limiting factors.