## 5 Assessing Benefits and Potential of the AMoRC Process  
The most plausible way to assess the potential of the AMoRC process is benchmarking it against other digital fabrdication processes. Figure 7a shows a reinforced concrete wall of 240 mm wall thickness, reinforced with bars of 12 mm diameter and a mesh size of 250 mm in horizontal and vertical direction. This RC wall panel will be used as benchmark problem.  
Figure 6: Multi-nozzle print head for wall thicknesses up to 240 mm and two reinforcement layers (**a**), influence of nozzle spacing on defects near the reinforcement (**b**).  
A selection of digital fabrication processes to be compared to each other is given in Figure 7b. CONPrint3D of TU Dresden [34] is one of the most powerful concrete printing processes in the world and can be used for production of non-reinforced concrete wall panels. It can be carried out at speeds of up to 0.15 m/s, with layers of 5 cm thickness and 24 cm in width. The resulting production rate of 27 m\({}^{2}\) of non-reinforced wall surface per hour [34] is approximately four times shorter than in traditional masonry construction. However, it has to be kept in mind that integration of reinforcement is not addressed in this process.  
By contrast, the multi-arm printing technology based on MAG shape welding of reinforcement [23; 29] and extrusion of concrete allows producing reinforced concrete panels. However, this process is much slower. Here, the speed of shape welding (melting rate of 1 kg/h) is the limiting factor for the overall process speed. If we assume the benchmark (24 cm wall thickness made up of two layers of reinforcement, mesh size of 25 cm and bar diameter of 12 mm) to be produced by two independently operating welding torches (Figure 7b), the total process merely allows the production of 0.14 m\({}^{2}\) wall surface per hour. Such a process can hardly be implemented economically because the welding process would considerably impede the concrete extrusion process or even make its execution impossible.  
In contrast, the AMoRC process allows for production speeds comparable to those of the CONPrint3D process, however for reinforced instead of plain concrete. The reason is that concrete extrusion and stud welding of a reinforcement can be fully synchronized through the suitable selection of reinforcement segment length and concrete deposition speed. Assuming the AMoRC process to operate with two-stud welding guns (Figure 7b), the reinforcement mesh to be joined from 25-cm long bar segments in both a horizontal and vertical direction (this corresponds to 32 reinforcement joints per square meter and reinforcement layer) with one weld spot per reinforcement layer to be produced within 4 s (1 s welding time, 3 s travel distance to the next joint), the welding production speed of the AMoRC process is 28 m\({}^{2}\) per hour. If we consider the concrete printing unit of the AMoRC process to have comparable performance data like the CONPrint3D (27 m\({}^{2}\) wall area per hour; filament height 5 cm; printing speed 0.15 m/s) we end up with merely identical feed rates for both processes.  
This is one great advantage of the AMoRC process: it enables the full synchronization of the intermittent welding process and the continuous concrete printing process, thus realizing optimum production speed for the overall hybrid process.