## 3 XR Technologies and Inclusive Education
### Challenges and Limitations of XR in Inclusive Education  
While XR technologies hold great promise for promoting inclusive education, they also present several challenges and limitations that must be addressed to fully realize their potential. These challenges include high costs, technological limitations, potential health effects, and the need for teacher training and curriculum integration. One of the most significant barriers to the widespread adoption of XR technologies in education is the high cost associated with purchasing and maintaining the necessary equipment. VR headsets, AR glasses, and MR devices can be prohibitively expensive for many educational institutions, especially those in underfunded districts. Additionally, there are costs related to developing or purchasing XR content, upgrading infrastructure to support XR applications, and ongoing maintenance and technical support. Existing solutions are frequently fragmented, focusing on isolated aspects of learning rather than offering a comprehensive, integrated platform. Developing high-quality, diverse, and culturally relevant XR content is time-consuming and resource-intensive. The lack of such content could limit the effectiveness of XR platforms for inclusive education. To address this, we use widely available devices--Meta Oculus Quest 2 and 3, tablets, and smartphones. Despite rapid advancements, XR technologies still face several technical challenges. Issues such as limited field of view, latency, and the need for high computational power can reduce the effectiveness and usability of XR applications. Additionally, there are concerns about the quality and accuracy of the virtual content, which can impact the learning experience. Connectivity issues and the need for robust Internet infrastructure are also significant challenges, particularly in rural or underserved areas [33]. Frequent use of XR technologies can have potential health implications, including eye strain, motion sickness, and other discomorts. VR can cause \"cybersickness\", a condition like motion sickness, which can deter students from engaging with the technology. There are also concerns about the long-term effects of prolonged exposure to XR environments on vision and posture [34]. Effective integration of XR technologies in the classroom requires comprehensive teacher training. Educators need to be proficient in using XR tools and designing XR-based learning activities that align with curriculum standards. Many teachers may lack the necessary skills or confidence to implement XR technologies effectively, and ongoing professional development is essential to ensure successful adoption. Integrating XR technologies into existing curricula can be challenging. Educational content must be carefully designed to ensure that it aligns with learning objectives and enhances, rather than distracts from, the educational experience. There is a need for more research and development of high-quality XR educational content that is pedagogically sound and accessible to all students. Ensuring equitable access to XR technologies is a major concern. Students from low-income backgrounds or schools with limited resources may not have the same opportunities to benefit from XR as their more affluent peers. Additionally, XR technologies need to be accessible to students with disabilities, which requires thoughtful design. Not all students, particularly those with physical or cognitive disabilities, may be able to fully utilize XR devices. For instance, students with motion sickness or sensory sensitivities may find immersive environments uncomfortable. Limited availability of content adapted for specific disabilities may restrict the usability of XR platforms. To address this, in the design and development of XR environments, we consider both the WCAG2 standards [35] and the W3C XR Accessibility User Requirements [36] in addressing multiple user needs. XR platforms often require complex technical infrastructure, including high-speed Internet, powerful computing devices, and skilled technical staff.