# Enhanced Scalability and Security in Blockchain-Based Transportation Systems for Mass Gatherings
## 3 Methodology
### Model Architecture  
The blockchain-based mass-gathering transportation system effectively addressed the challenges of scalability, security, and stakeholder integration. Distributed ledger technology ensures secure data exchange between passengers, service providers, event organizers, and authorities. Corda and Hyperledger Fabric's support for permissioned models, where authorized entities are the only ones with access, ensures both high security and transaction velocity in a permissioned blockchain [19].  
Although blockchain technology is highly secure due to its cryptographic and decentralized foundations, it is not entirely immune to fraud or cyberattacks. The consensus mechanism determines the potential vulnerabilities. For example, Proof-of-Work (PoW) blockchains, if 51% of the network is attacked, are susceptible to being controlled by a single entity, allowing that entity to undermine transactions [17; 18]. Similarly, this blockchain network is also vulnerable to smart contract exploits and Sybil attacks, as are specific blockchain networks. Despite this, they are limited by permitted blockchain frameworks, such as Hyperledger Fabric and Corda, whose participants are restricted to those who have been verified, and stringent identity management protocols are enforced. Furthermore, multi-signature authentication and zero-knowledge proofs are employed to ensure data integrity and transactional security [20; 21]. Further, regarding the integration of blockchain with edge computing, our approach will enable easy scalability while enhancing security. Reducing latency involves processing data closer to its source rather than relying on a centralized cloud infrastructure that lacks trust. When blockchain is layered on top of Edge Nodes, storage and computationally intensive workloads are decentralized, reducing bottlenecks and speeding up transaction processing. Additionally, it helps mitigate the risk of single points of failure by distributing blockchain nodes across edge locations [22]. To address this, this architectural design enables real-time data validation and verification required in high-demand environments such as mass-gathering transportation systems.  
Moreover, integration with edge computing brings security improvements from localized data processing and smaller attack surfaces. A traditional centralized architecture presents a significant attack vector, as all requests and transactions must be transmitted through a central server. However, edge computing, in contrast, is a form of distributed data processing that does not expose it to cyber threats. Furthermore, merging blockchain with edge computation involves secure enclaves, as well as trusted execution environments (TEE), that offer hardware isolation of trusted operations. In all, these measures prevent unauthorized access and reduce the risk of data breaches to user identities and payment information, thereby enhancing the protection of users' identities and payments [23].  
In this work, the architecture leverages edge computing to enhance the performance of blockchain-based transportation systems. This system is secure and scalable, utilizing sharding, sidechains, and highly tuned consensus mechanisms, even in high-transactionenvironments. Thus, it provides real-time authentication, secure data sharing, and adaptive resource allocations in terms of event size and demand. The technologies in Figure 6 are integrated to offer features to dynamic load balancing, increased throughput, and enhanced operational efficiency, collectively creating a robust and resilient transportation network for mass gatherings.  
By leveraging blockchain and cloud technologies, this system can achieve scalability, security, and legal compliance for massive event transportation solutions, benefiting stakeholders while remaining extremely efficient and secure.