## 2 Related Survey Papers
[26] analyze the security requirements of 5G business applications, network architecture, the air interface, and user privacy. The development trends of 5G security architecture with a focus on endogenous defense architecture which represents a new trend in 5G security development are presented. [PERSON] et al. [27] provide an overview of the security challenges in clouds, SDN, NFV, and user privacy, including solutions to these challenges in 5G networks. [PERSON] et al. [28] described the basic new concepts in the 5G core network architecture and its security implications based on the Third Generation Partnership Project (3 GPP), including an overview of the two services which are Vehicle to Everything (V2X) and IoT. [PERSON] et al. [29] proposed a next-generation IoT architecture based on new technologies in which the requirements for future applications, services, and generated data are addressed. In general, considering the various surveys conducted, it is obvious that the surveys and studies that consider 5G and IoT/LPWAN have been conducted in one or some of the following contexts such as enabling/communication technologies, protocols, applications, architecture, interoperability, standardization, challenges, security, and privacy. None holistically considers cell edge interference, QoE in application requirements, ubiquity connectivity covering smart cities/remote areas applications, and architecture with the advanced security mechanism. However, this work holistically considers the aforementioned architecture possessing advanced endogenous security and ubiquity connectivity for improved smart cities and remote areas applications in the LPWAN-IoT. Also, it considers 5G jointly with LPWAN-IoT with an extension to a unified 5G and LPWAN-IoT architecture that will holistically support integration with emerging technologies and endogenous security for improved/secured smart cities and remote areas applications. Also, hardening (i.e., applying advanced security mechanism) of security standard (CIAA) including lightweight asymmetric cryptographic encryption for LPWAN to mitigate security breaches is advocated in this paper. Overall, the use of LPWAN jointly with LEO satellites for ubiquitous IoT connectivity is supported in this work. Table 1 shows the existing surveys in consideration of the integration of the highlighted factors in IoT. The existing surveys on LPWAN-IoT consider a few of the highlighted factors. However, none considers the 5G-based IoT (5G eMTC, 5G NB2-IoT-enhanced, and new radio (NR) reduced capability (RedCap) device). Also, no survey considers cell edge interference and the endogenous security for LPWAN-IoT as seen in Table 1. In addition, none of the surveys considers the grouping of smart city applications including remote  
area applications concerning their technical requirements. Though some of the surveys consider QoS, they did not consider the quality of experience (QoE). Equally, there was no joint consideration of QoS and QoE in an LPWAN-IoT application. Likewise, some of the surveys did not consider cryptographic security. Hence, it is obvious that some of the key aspects are not considered by several surveys. However, the consideration of those omitted factors depicts the novelty approach in this paper. Details of this paper's consideration of the highlighted factors in Table 1 are provided in the subsequent sections.