## 6 Conclusions  
The comparison exercise between the community mapping and the simulations was able to shed some light on the community level risk awareness in the city of Chanaral, Chile, and how well residents know the area in which they live. However, there are clear differences between the understanding of risks by groups of residents and the local authorities, with people relying mostly on traditional knowledge and their own experiences during recent disasters. This community-level traditional knowledge regarding tsunamis is on good agreement with the results of computer simulations and hazards assessment, highlighting the good levels of transmission of disaster information across generations in Chile.  
In order to formulate a comprehensive disaster mitigation strategy for places like Chanaral it is necessary to conduct multi-hazard assessments (in this case against both river floods and tsunamis)). Looking only at one type of hazard is methodologically flawed and could even increase the overall risk.  
Given that community groups in Chanaral have a good perception about the hazards they face, the elaboration of countermeasures should include their participation, rather than be dictated by the central government. In essence, after each disaster authorities could include these conceptual mapping exercises amongst community groups, and if a good level of awareness is present, then the HCD methodology could be used by transdisciplinary groups to elaborate countermeasures. This would allow such interventions to incorporate traditional knowledge that has been passed across generations, rather than proposing standard mitigation measures that might not be including all hazards.  
Conceptualization, C.C., A.H.T.S.K., V.P.V., N.I. and M.E.; Formal analysis, C.C., A.H.T.S.K.; Investigation, C.C., A.H.T.S.K., V.P.B.V., N.I., M.Q., R.Y. and M.E.; Methodology, C.C., V.P.B.V. and M.E.; Project administration, A.H.T.S.K., M.O. and M.E.; Software, P.H., G.B., T.M., R.C. and R.A.; Supervision, M.O., T.M. and M.E.; Validation, C.C.; M.Q. and R.Y.; Writing--original draft, C.C., A.H.T.S.K., V.P.B.V., N.I., R.A. and M.E.; Writing--review and editing, C.C., A.H.T.S.K., R.A. and M.E.  
The authors would like to thank the kind contributions of different project funding and agencies to conduct the work that went into this project. Funding for students and faculty from the University of Tokyo was provided by the Science and Engineering Exchange Program with Latin America (SEELA) and the Graduate Program in Sustainability Science, Global Leadership Initiative (GPSS-GLI), both of which ultimately depend on the Japanese Ministry of Education (Mombukagakusho). Funding for the members of the Universidad Catolica de la Santisima Concepcion and Tokyo City University was provided by the project FONDECYT/11140424. Funding for members of the Centro de Investigacion para la Gestion Integrada del Riesgo de Desastres (CIGIDEN) team was provided by CONICYT/FONDAP/15110017. Finally, a part of the present work performed as a part of activities of Research Institute of Sustainable Future Society, Waseda Research Institute for Science and Engineering, Waseda University.  
The authors declare no conflict of interest. The funders had no role in the design of the study; in the collection, analyses, or interpretation of data; in the writing of the manuscript, or in the decision to publish the results.