## 7 Conclusions and Recommendations  
Conclusions. This study provided a comprehensive review of the use of agricultural wastes in RC elements. The findings highlight the following:  
* Structural Performance: The use of agricultural wastes as aggregates or reinforcement materials in RC elements, especially beams, has demonstrated positive impacts on strength, ductility, and energy absorption. For instance, materials such as CSs and banana fibers have improved durability and optimized ductility behavior. However, these materials exhibit greater variability compared to conventional concrete materials. * Economic and Environmental Benefits: Agricultural wastes reduce costs and contribute to environmental sustainability. These materials have the potential to lower carbon emissions, facilitate waste management, and enable energy savings. * Lack of Standardization: The review revealed gaps in international standards related to the use of agricultural wastes in concrete structures. Existing standards need to be updated to encourage the adoption of these novel materials. * Implementation Constraints: More data are needed on the mechanical performance and long-term durability of agricultural wastes. Additionally, the effects of these materials on mix design and homogeneity require further testing through practical field studies. Recommendations. * Research and Development (R&D): Experimental and theoretical studies aimed at optimizing the behavior of agricultural wastes in RC elements should be encouraged. Future research should focus on fire resistance, environmental impacts, and long-term durability. * Standardization Efforts: New standards that include testing protocols and performance criteria for agricultural wastes in RC elements should be developed. Existing standards, such as ACI 318 and ASTM C330, should be revised to accommodate the specific needs of these materials. * Field Applications: Pilot projects are critical for evaluating the performance of agricultural wastes in real-world structural conditions. Such projects can validate the applicability and scalability of these materials. * Education and Awareness: Awareness campaigns should target the construction industry and local communities to promote the use of agricultural wastes. Developing countries, in particular, should be informed about the economic and environmental advantages of these materials. * Alignment with Sustainability Goals: The integration of agricultural wastes into RC elements should align with circular economy principles and sustainability objectives. Strategies should include waste management practices and carbon reduction targets. Overall Assessment. * Challenges in Uniformity and Durability: Highlighted the variability in raw AW materials and its impact on mechanical performance and durability. The discussion emphasizes the importance of standardized processing methods to ensure uniformity and reliability under various environmental conditions. * Environmental Impact and Lifecycle Analysis: Critically analyzed the potential of AWs to reduce costs and enhance environmental sustainability. The section underscores gaps in lifecycle assessments and the need for comprehensive studies on long-term ecological benefits. * Economic Feasibility and Regional Challenges: Detailed the challenges related to the absence of international standards for AW usage in RC elements. Recommendations for addressing these gaps through innovative supply chain solutions and robust economic models were included. The use of agricultural wastes in RC elements represents a promising innovation that not only enhances structural performance but also supports environmental sustainability. However, widespread adoption of these materials requires extensive research, regulatory updates, and practical applications. Future research should prioritize the assessment of corrosion resistance and long-term durability in AW-based RC.