# Smart City for Sustainable Development: Applied Processes from SUMP to MaaS at European Level
## 2 The Methodological Approach to Territorial Planning Process
### Planning Development Dimensions  
Historically, cities have been involved in a variety of economic, social and environmental processes.  
Land uses, and therefore the allocation of activities, are relevant historical processes.  
Territorial planning is the basic tool available to public decision makers to help cities evolve towards the achievement of specific objectives.  
Important directions qualified and pursued in Europe during the 20 th century were the _new towns_ that represent extraordinary evolutions of the dynamic theories, rules and implementations. New towns mainly refer to new settlements complete with residences and services.  
In the last three decades of the 20 th century, a central direction of development was the _recovery of historic centers_. This direction evolved towards _urban regeneration_, which concerns built environments. In the first decades of the 21 st century, urban regeneration has focused on the recovery and regeneration of areas not endowed with a specific historical interest.  
In the 21 st century, one of the most important directions is the _smart city_, which has the perspective of pursuing the sustainability objectives recalled in the Introduction Section of the paper.  
Specific links between new towns, urban regeneration and smart cities have been proposed for territorial plans [22].  
In the smart city European approach, the convergence among theories, rules and implementations considers the challenges related to the following sectors [23]:  
* Transport, including supply (infrastructures and services), demand (people and freight) and their interactions;
* Information and Communication Technologies (ICT), including infrastructures, immaterial services and information and data produced for historical and real-time configuration of the system;
* Energy, including infrastructures and services for the production and distribution and consumptions.  
City planning includes decisions about the configuration of infrastructures and services at different dimensions (see Figure 3) [24]:  
* The territorial dimension, in relation to the spatial extension of the area affected by the decisions (e.g., local, regional or national, varying the extension from a limited to wide area);
* The temporal dimension, in relation to the temporal evolution of the potential effects produced by the decisions (e.g., strategic, tactic or operative, varying from long-term to short-term temporal evolutions);  
Figure 2: Main territorial planning processes.  
The deepening dimension, in relation to the level of aggregation in the analyses for measuring potential effects produced by the decisions (e.g., master, sectorial or feasibility, varying from the maximum to minimum disaggregation level of detail).  
The identification of these dimensions aids to comprehend the mutual interactions among different transport planning tools produced by different decision makers [25].  
In the defined context, it is useful to analyze the processes that are currently in progress at two levels: at a level more identifiable as a master plan and at another as a sectorial or implementing plan. At the first level, the main attention is given to the process of the general definition of a plan for the smart city, while at the second level, the reference is the process of definition for the passenger mobility sector. The first level is explored in Section 3, while the second level is dealt with in Section 4.