# Global Power Dynamics in the Contemporary Space System
## 7 Conclusions  
This research examines the emergence of a new space system within the context of the ongoing repolarization of space powers in the 21 st century international order. It analyzes the transition from a unipolar space system at the end of the 20 th century to a new space system, where new space powers have emerged that exhibit global ambitions and a willingness to compete with and challenge the United States' dominance. This transition has been accompanied by the emergence of new space actors and a shift in global power dynamics, resulting in a significant redistribution of power within the space structure. The repolarization of power in space is a global and increasing empirical phenomenon with profound implications in the space sector. In the context of complex social systems, such as the space system, conventional scientific analytical methodologies may prove inadequate in addressing the increasing complexity. To address the growing complexity of space systems in the 21 st century, this research proposes and employs a systems approach to analyze the novel empirical reality of the space system. The complexity of the space system can be analyzed through a systems perspective that identifies and simplifies the main components or actors, analyzes the main interactions and dynamics, and allows for the recognition of the type of structure that is created within the system. The primary research hypothesis posits that the balance of power among the major actors of the 21 st century space system is undergoing a process of transformation, redistribution, and rebalancing. This hypothesis is supported by this systems study, which has identified, described, and explained the primary dimension analyzed in the space system. Firstly, new space powers have been identified, such as China, and India, who exhibit global ambitions and a willingness to compete with and challenge the United States' dominance. Secondly, new power dynamics have emerged, in which countries compete over resources, capabilities, strategic alliances, and partnerships within the space system. Thirdly, a new structure of the space system has been described, which is profoundly changing the foundation of the space system. The general hypothesis has been confirmed by a reasonable standard of evidence. The evolution of a new and faster-moving space system that includes an expanding range of actors, dynamics, and power structure is underway. Propositions pertaining to substantial change, encompassing the evolution of space activities across multiple dimensions (i.e., actors, dynamics, and structure), as delineated in Sections 4-6, provide a substantial contribution to the overall conclusion that supports the hypothesis. Table 1 offers a synopsis of these findings and contributions. This research makes significant methodological, disciplinary, and empirical contributions to the analysis of the space domain. First, it provides a comprehensive methodological application of the system approach to the study of space activities, providing a new framework of analysis. Second, it combines theoretical tools from two different disciplines (international relations and space studies), making a contribution to building a bridge that allows us to analyze complex phenomena, such as space activities, with an interdisciplinary approach. Thirdly, it examines several pieces of empirical data and information in great detail, providing a comprehensive scientific analysis of the current state of the space system. Despite the innovative perspectives on the systemic study of outer space presented in this paper, it is imperative to acknowledge the inherent complexity of the subject of study, as well as the empirical, disciplinary, and methodological limitations that are inherent to this type of research. These limitations must be explicitly disclosed. First, addressing the complexity of the space system from a holistic perspective necessitates the simplification of space reality to offer a high-altitude view.