# Integrated Multilevel Production Planning Solution According to Industry 5.0 Principles
## 3 Integrated Production Planning System According to Industry 5.0 Principles
### Data Collection  
A detailed account of the gemba walk that took place over a span of two weeks is provided. During that time, approximately 40 h were dedicated to observing the manufacturing hall. A gemba walk is a workplace walkthrough which aims to observe employees, ask about their tasks, and identify productivity gains. A key component of a gemba walk is to get the input of employees about what is going well and what is going wrong in a specific operation [66; 68; 69]. To gain a complete understanding of the production planning process, a structured approach was followed. The initial step involved reviewing the layout of the manufacturing hall and identifying key areas of interest. These areas specifically included the sections where transformers were assembled, tested, and prepared for shipment. Subsequently, several days were allocated to closely observing these areas. Notable observations included tracking the time it took a transformer to progress from one stage of the process to the next, monitoring the number of workers involved at each stage, and documenting any delays or bottlenecks that were encountered. During the gemba walk, an active engagement with workers on the manufacturing floor was carried out. Enquiries were made about their specific tasks, the obstacles they encountered, and any suggestions they had for improving the process. A diligent documentation of the observations was carried out, including the exact time, location, and nature of each observation, as well as the responses received from interactions with the workers. Furthermore, a value stream mapping tool was utilized to map the as-is condition of the manufacturing. However, it is important to note that while the value stream mapping tool was extensively utilized to delineate the as-is condition of the manufacturing process, specific details of the mapping cannot be disclosed in this article due to confidentiality constraints. Value stream mapping is a lean-management method for analyzing the current state and designing a future state for the series of events that take a product or service from its beginning through to the customer [69]. It is particularly beneficial in identifying inefficiencies and opportunities for improvement. In our study, this tool was instrumental in visualizing the entire transformer production process, from raw material intake to final product delivery. The confidentiality agreement with our industry partner necessitates that certain operational details, especially those that reveal specific methodologies, timings, and internal strategies, remain undisclosed. This limitation, while posing a challenge in providing a full picture of our findings, underscores the importance of balancing academic inquiry with the practical realities of industrial confidentiality. Therefore, our discussion in this article focuses on generalized observations and conclusions drawn from the data collected, without revealing the intricate details of the value stream map. Business Process Model and Notation (BPMN) is a standard for business process modeling that provides a graphical notation for specifying business processes in a business process diagram [70]. However, in the context of our study, the primary focus was on the physical manufacturing process rather than the underlying IT infrastructure or business processes. The complexity and proprietary nature of the IT infrastructure in the manufacturing facility posed significant challenges. Due to confidentiality agreements and the sensitive nature of the IT systems involved, a detailed BPMN analysis was not feasible. The process was continued with a stakeholder interview. The interviews were semistructured in nature, providing a balance between standardized inquiry and the flexibility to explore topics in depth. This approach allowed us to systematically address five key questions, ensuring a comprehensive coverage of relevant aspects while also accommodating the unique perspectives of each respondent.