## 3 An Outlook on the Integration of Industry 5.0 and Digital Health
### Enabling Technologies  
The ongoing coronavirus pandemic has catalysed the use of digital technologies all over the world. It has accelerated the process of digital transformation from the fourth industrial revolution (4 IR) towards Industry 5.0 within different areas of society [36]. The 4 IR is driven by technological advances of cyber-physical systems, which focus on integrating the enabling technologies (Table 1) within our daily lives and workplaces [37]. In contrast, the emerging Industry 5.0 seeks to utilise such enabling technologies to prioritise collaboration between humans and machines while maintaining sustainable development and practices [33; 38]. State-of-the-art Industry 5.0 technologies, as illustrated in Figure 1, play a critical role in the digital transformation of the healthcare industry. Such transformation is being driven by various technologies, including digital twins, IoT, AI, ML, blockchain technology, and cloud computing. These technologies have produced a digital metamorphosis of the healthcare system [39], with an emphasis on human-centric design, which focuses on the needs and preferences of patients, healthcare professionals, and other stakeholders. By harnessing digital twins, IoT, AI, and ML, healthcare systems can improve their sustainability, human-centricity, and resilience. Table 1 provides a more detailed description of Industry 5.0-enabling technologies that facilitate digital health and clinical applications. These issues are being actively discussed within major healthcare professional sectors (see references in Table 1). Figure 1: Fifth Industrial revolution concepts and technologies to support digital health. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c} \hline \hline
**Enabling Technology in** & **Clinical Applications** & **References** \\
**Industrial Revolution** & & \\ \hline \hline \multirow{6}{*}{Internet of Things (IoT) and Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT)} & - & real-time data acquisition and analysis from wearable devices in healthcare delivery & [40] \\ \cline{2-3}  & - & seamless connectivity between physical devices and objects equipped with sensors and software & [41; 42; 43] \\ \cline{2-3}  & - & promptly collect and respond to vital and physical activities & [44] \\ \hline \hline \multirow{6}{*}{Cloud and Edge Computing} & - & enables healthcare professionals to remotely access and analyse patient data from mobile devices & [45] \\ \cline{2-3}  & - & enhances the accessibility, quality, and efficacy of information delivery by minimising the latency of data flow & [46] \\ \hline \hline \multirow{6}{*}{Blockchain Technology for Healthcare} & - & data encrypted and distributed through a decentralised network to improve security & [47; 48] \\ \cline{2-3}  & - & Examples are Medicalchain, Hashed Health, Guardtime, and IBM & [49] \\ \cline{2-3}  & - & implementation of robust security protocols, such as encryption and access control, to prevent data breaches and cyber-attacks & [50] \\ \cline{2-3}  & - & AI-powered chatbots respond to questions on health, provide diagnoses and treatment advice & [51] \\ \cline{2-3}  & - & [concern:] ethical concerns about ownership, access right, privacy, and security of the use of patient data in AI algorithms & [48; 52] \\ \cline{2-3}  & - & [concern:] ethical concerns about ownership, access