# Study on Explosive Fracturing Mechanism of Qianjiang Shale Oil
## 1 Introduction  
With the advancement of society, China's demand for oil has been steadily increasing, thereby heightening the strategic importance of oil resources. Continental shale oil serves as a pivotal alternative resource for China's petroleum industry. Various types of reservoirs form continuously distributed \"sweet sections\" and \"sweet areas\" in or adjacent to source rocks [1]. Shale oil resources in China are predominantly located within five major basins, such as Ordos, Songliao, Junggar, Sichuan, and Bohai Bay, and eight smaller basins, including Qaidam, Jianghan, and Subei [2]. These reservoirs possess substantial reserves; however, they exhibit significant heterogeneity, complex lithological compositions, slenderness in reservoir layers, and significant anisotropy. Additionally, it has characteristics of low porosity, low permeability, and low hydrocarbon abundance [3, 4, 5]. Currently, in the development of shale oil and gas reservoirs, low-permeability formations are primarily enhanced through fracturing or acidizing technologies. These methods aim to create fractures with high conductivity and adequate length, thereby improving the formation of oil conductivity, expanding the drainage area, enhancing permeability, and ultimately increasing oil recovery rates and achieving substantial production increases [6]. Nevertheless, there remains a lack of global consensus regarding the multifaceted social and environmental consequences of hydraulic fracturing, a pivotal technology in the natural gas revolution [7]. This is evidenced by varying policy approaches, from pro-fracking legislation in Pennsylvania to moratoriums in the Netherlands, Quebec, and Scotland, and a complete ban on fracking in France. This issue can primarily be attributed to three factors: first, air pollution. High-power, long-term stable construction skid-mounted fracturing pump trucks, large-scale continuous mixing devices, and sand transportation equipment emit substantial amounts of exhaust gases. Additionally, volatile organic compounds from crude oil during the production process are also released into the atmosphere through evaporation, potentially generating toxic and harmful pollutants [8]. Secondly, hydraulic fracturing may be associated with an increased incidence of seismic activity. [PERSON] et al. [9] shows that the Midwest region of the United States experienced as many as 300 earthquakes of magnitude 3 or greater from 2010 to 2012. This number is equivalent to the total count of such earthquakes recorded over the preceding 21-year period from 1967 to 2000. It is well established that this region is abundant in oil resources and has a higher density of oil wells. The high-pressure water injection process used in hydraulic fracturing could potentially deepen pre-existing geological fractures, thereby increasing both the frequency and intensity of seismic events. Ultimately, the most critical concern is severe water pollution; hydraulic fracturing necessitates millions of liters of water and generates substantial volumes of liquid effluent with varying compositions and flow rates. [PERSON] et al. [10] and [PERSON] et al. [11] have highlighted that the natural gas industry must prioritize water pollution issues. [PERSON] analyzed the frequency and magnitude of seismic activities in regions adjacent to oil wells located near river systems. Furthermore, [PERSON] [12] demonstrated that during oil production, wastewater injection can significantly increase seismic activity when it reaches a certain threshold. Consequently, there is an urgent need to develop new extraction technologies that not only enhance oil recovery but also ensure environmental sustainability. Explosive fracturing technology involves the detonation of explosives to generate a large number of shock waves, forming high-energy gas fractures in underground oil and gas reservoirs. This method is not constrained by low-level acid or alkali conditions and can rapidly produce high-pressure gas to create an intricate fracture network independent of in situ stress.