## 3 Results and Discussion
### Assessment of Circular Economy Strategies
#### 3.1.10 Adaptive Reuse  
Adaptive reuse received a relatively high score (RII = 0.94), ranking it among the top five strategies in this study. Most participants rated adaptive reuse highly, with most giving it a score of 5 and a few rating it a 4, indicating strong agreement on its importance. This reflects the respondents' recognition of the potential value in repurposing existing buildings rather than demolishing them, thus conserving resources. However, when considering feasibility, the strategy was rated slightly lower, with a feasibility score of RII = 0.56, placing it in the medium range. Participant A1, who rated the feasibility as moderately feasible, commented, \"_I believe adaptive reuse is important, but probably not the most important strategy. If we design buildings for disassembly, we end up with two options: adapt the use and extend the building's life cycle or disassemble the building and reuse its components elsewhere. Adaptive reuse is a strategy for slowing the loop, but there is an alternative. While it is important, the existence of this alternative makes adaptive reuse slightly less critical in my view\"._ Additionally, participant D1, who also rated the strategy as slightly feasible, highlighted some challenges to its wider adoption. D1 stated that \"_Older buildings may have deteriorated, requiring extensive renovations to meet current standards. Integrating modern systems into old structures can be technically challenging. Moreover, a significant challenge in adaptive reuse projects lies in the discrepancies between the original as-built drawings and the existing building layout due to poor quality and incomplete technical information\". C3 added that there are legal challenges involved in meeting the necessary requirements and securing municipal approval for the proposed new use. C2 discussed the financial challenges stating that adaptive reuse could be costly when extensive reforms are needed and predicting the economic feasibility of the new use is also among the financial challenges of adaptive reuse projects. 3.1.11. Reuse of Materials and Products  
The reuse of materials and products at the end-of-life phase was rated as the most important strategy by respondents, with a mean score of 4.9 and an RII of 0.98. The reasoning behind this high rating was consistent across participants, as they all agreed that reuse aligns with the core principles of a CE, where maximizing the lifespan of materials is key to reducing resource extraction and waste. A1 commented, _\"Reuse of materials is a preferred strategy over recycling, whether it be upcycling or downcycling, because it's at the top of the waste hierarchy. It extends the life of products and materials without the need for additional energy or resources that recycling requires. However, sometimes it is not possible to reuse certain materials, so we must opt for recycling\"_. Despite its importance, the feasibility of reusing materials and products received a medium feasibility score (RII = 0.54). This indicates that, while respondents recognize the importance of material and product reuse in sustainable building practices, they see challenges in implementing it effectively. D1 shared the perspective that to achieve better material recovery at the end of life, buildings should be designed with material recovery in mind from the design phase. CN1 argued that _\"The construction sector often favors rapid demolition techniques that prioritize speed over material recovery.\"_ Moreover, C2 highlighted the need for more infrastructure for storing and distributing reused materials, as this is necessary to enhance material recovery. Similarly, A2 argued that _\"It is recommended to address the complexity of a building's end-of-life phase by enhancing the efficiency and functionality of local collection schemes to improve material recovery\"_. 3.1.12. Closed-Loop Recycling (Up-Cycling)  
Closed-loop recycling was rated high in importance, with an RII of 0.89, placing it eighth in importance among the CE strategies.