## 4 Conclusions  
In this article, we have focused on the study of one-way traffic effects of the internal traffic circuit in the city of Kosice. The aim is to determine whether the change in the organization of transport, from two-way to one-way traffic, will have an impact on the change in its quality. For this purpose, we have used a traffic simulation model with three variants: Variant A represents the current situation, i.e., two-way traffic; Variant B represents the proposal of one-way traffic; Variant C represents one-way traffic with an expected decrease in the number of passenger cars of 10%. We have assessed every variant in terms of the load percentage of each road section. To this end, we have adapted the traffic quality evaluation system shown in Table 10, which is inspired by the LOS (Level of Service). In general, the study reveals that the one-way nature of the traffic will not have any positive effect on the traffic situation on the internal traffic circuit of the city. The most advantageous variant in terms of the established system of transport quality level (Table 11) is Variant A, which is the current state of transport organization. Regarding Variant B, the traffic quality level is reduced in all cases, with the exception of level D \"unstable\". As can be seen in Table 11, Variant C also results in quality-level reduction in each road section. In addition, if we consider other negative impacts of one-way traffic, such as a higher accident rate in the publication [13], higher distance traveled or economic impacts [14], then Variant A appears to be the most suitable alternative. On the other hand, there are \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c|c c|c c c} \hline \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**No.**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**Section Name**} & \multicolumn{3}{c}{**Variant A**} & \multicolumn{3}{c}{**Variant B**} & \multicolumn{3}{c}{**Variant C**} \\ \cline{3-10}  & & **I\({}_{\text{p}}\)1** & **I\({}_{\text{m}}\)2** & **a\({}_{\text{s}}\)3** & **I\({}_{\text{p}}\)1** & **I\({}_{\text{m}}\)2** & **a\({}_{\text{s}}\)3** & **I\({}_{\text{p}}\)1** & **I\({}_{\text{m}}\)2** & **a\({}_{\text{s}}\)3** \\ \hline
1 & [PERSON] & 3810 & 1524 & 40 & 1417 & 1403 & 99 & 1417 & 1265 & 89 \\
2 & [PERSON] & 3818 & 1527 & 40 & 1345 & 1130 & 84 & 1345 & 1022 & 76 \\
3 & [PERSON] & 3477 & 1043 & 30 & 1434 & 1491 & 104 & 1434 & 1353 & 94 \\
4 & [PERSON] & 1900 & 1390 & 73 & 1405 & 1400 & 100 & 1405 & 1352 & 96 \\
5 & [PERSON] & 2231 & 1428 & 64 & 1405 & 1349 & 96 & 1405 & 1219 & 87 \\
6 & [PERSON] & 3245 & 714 & 22 & 1425 & 955 & 67 & 1425 & 846 & 59 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}  
* \({}^{1}\)I\({}_{\text{p}}\)–the permissible intensity calculated according to the formula (1) [vehicles/h; 2\({}_{\text{m}}\)–the intensity obtained by simulation in the model [vehicles/h]; 3 as—the percentage load of the road during the morning rush hour [%].  
\end{table} 
Table 11: Results of the capacity load of local roads in the internal traffic circuit (source elaborated by authors). cases in which one-way traffic can effectively reduce the total travel time of travelers in a certain congested urban area. Thus, as the results of the study [11] show, the solution could be an introduction of one-way traffic only in some sections of the road. Additionally, the authors [PERSON], [PERSON] and [PERSON] [15] state that one-way traffic may have advantages over two-way traffic under certain circumstances, so this topic requires further research. The city of Kosice based its design of one-way traffic on the inner traffic circuit on experience with some new one-way streets in the city center, that brought an improvement in traffic flow, which resulted in an increase in the number of parking spaces. As this study has shown, the introduction of one-way traffic may not always be advantageous but definitely depends on many other factors, such as the need of creating new parking spaces, the presence of traffic lights, the number of vehicles in transit and others.