# Study on Microwave Deicing of Carbon-Fiber-Modified Concrete under Multi-Factor Coupling Effect
## 1 Introduction  
### Research Background  
To meet the increasing demand for transportation at high latitudes and high altitudes, an increasing number of airports are being built in areas with special climatic conditions, resulting in problems caused by snowfall and other factors [1, 2]. Ice on airport runways has become a key consideration with regard to the safety and efficiency of aircraft taking off and landing in alpine regions [3].  
Common deicing methods used to resolve surface ice and reduce the tire and road surface friction coefficient [4, 5] include mechanical deicing and two kinds of chemical deicing methods. Mechanical deicing refers to the use of human labor or equipment to physically break ice, followed by removal and collection of the broken ice. Mechanical deicing is a mainstream method of ice removal and can quickly remove ice on road surfaces after cing with excellent results. However, it takes a long time to remove ice, resulting in high labor costs, and mechanical deicing can cause damage to road surfaces and reduce the flatness of the airport road surface [6, 7]. Chemical deicing is a specialized method of deicing achieved by reducing the freezing point of water to prevent ice formation. However, most chemical deicing agents are salt ion compounds [8], and the corrosion effect of suchions dissolved in water on concrete also affects the durability and service life of the runway surface layer.  
Therefore, researchers have focused on improving the efficiency of active deicing and eliminating the impact on the concrete surface. The traditional heating method involves heat the ice layer and concrete surface layer at the same time [9; 10], which is inefficient and requires a long heating time [11; 12]. As the main heating method, microwave deicing can transfer most of the energy to the concrete [13]. The ice absorbs less energy to achieve a heating effect, which considerably improves the deicing efficiency.  
[PERSON] et al. [14; 15; 16; 17; 18] performed a systematic analysis of various factors in microwave deicing. In terms of height [14], it was found that an increase in microwave source height increased the absorption heat uniformity of carbon fiber concrete and reduced the heating rate. Graphite, iron black and other materials were added to concrete [15; 16], which increased the deicing rate by 5.1 times and the dielectric constant by 3.5-4.7 times. In terms of mixed modified materials [17; 18], graphite and iron black were mixed together, and the deicing efficiency was measured and compared. The deicing rate was the fastest when concrete was mixed with another substance, reaching 0.61 \({}^{\circ}\)C/s. [PERSON] et al. [19; 20; 21] studied the microwave performance of steel-fiber-modified concrete and steel slag-waste-modified concrete mixed with asphalt; all their studies revealed that the addition of modified materials with good electrical conductivity considerably improved the deicing efficiency of concrete. [PERSON] et al. [22; 23] took microwave deicing sources as the main research object and studied the deicing heating efficiency of electromagnetic waves with different frequencies. Their study showed that when the microwave frequency was 2.45 ghz, the addition of a Fe-Al mixture with a mass ratio of 1% was optimal; when the microwave frequency was 5.8 ghz, the addition of iron-hydroxyl iron powder with a mass ratio of 5% was found to be optimal. [PERSON] et al. [24] took carbon-fiber-modified concrete as a research object and analyzed its absorption performance. Their study showed that the longer the carbon fibers, the higher the heating efficiency and heating rate of concrete. [PERSON] et al. [25; 26] used the coarse aggregate in modified concrete as an entry point to change the original wave-absorbing properties of concrete and conducted a wave absorbance study on magnetite concrete, which showed that ice thickness had little influence on the deicing performance of different kinds of coarse aggregate concrete.