## 2 Background
### Named Data Networking and Cloud Internet of Things  
Cloud services are increasingly used in today's networked and distributed applications. However, relying only on cloud services is not always the best option. This section focuses on cloud IoT applications that collaborate with NDN. As a new paradigm technology, NDN has evolved as an element of the future Internet, enabling content delivery, mobile, privacy, reliability, and access to data, regardless of geographic space. NDN has various functionalities, i.e., cache management, device-naming schemes, regulations for password protection, forwarding strategies, configuration management, and awareness of NDN/CCN in the IoT [37]. NDN has also evolved in various IoT applications. The IoT is a well-known idea that envisions the interconnection of several physical items to facilitate the transmission of data between those items. IoT networks need to be designed for performance in a heterogeneous environment with a high volume of data, for devices with limited resources, and with a high degree of mobility. NDN-based content-forwarding solutions have been proposed for usage in IoT applications in NDN-IoT scenarios, given proper identification [38]. NDN IoT applications have also been used to ensure that rapid disease spread can be handled more efficiently, using IoT applications for e-health. To address the limited resources of IoT devices and the time-sensitive nature of the data transmitted, the smart COVID-19 pandemic controlled eradication over NDN-IoT (SPICE-IT) method has been used to reduce the problem of network congestion and cache overflow [39]. The NDN secure remote health-monitoring system [40] is one of the e-health IoT applications that have been developed to increase online communication among doctors and patients. An e-health security application has been deployed to make sure NDN communication is secure [41]; this technology must be enhanced via NDN mobility technology. NDN IoT applications have also been applied in emergency response cases. Currently, all disaster scenarios apply in simulation-based situations only, but an NDN disaster-response system [42] has been developed to monitor the probability of a disaster. That work [42] came up with a new solution by applying edge infrastructure with cloud technology to achieve a fast response for the handover process, ensure a quick exchange of information, and reduce delays in transmission. Another work in disaster scenarios devised a new solution by implementing a connection-oriented surveillance system [43]. That work [43] improved the communication between the sender and the receiver by enhancing the transmission rate of interest packets requested by the consumer. New NDN ideas, such as those pertaining to security, in-network caching, hierarchical naming or namespace, named content, and NBR, are used to meet IoT needs [38]. Some of the ideas being proposed in IoT technology [44] by using clustering-based intrusion detection for 5G have improved performance on IoT networks. Other aspects of energy-saving on 5G, especially the computing paradigm on green IoT, have been proposed by [PERSON] et al. to improve communication overhead on the server cloud side [45]. This technique can be used for applications on the NDN C-IoT service. NDN is also compatible with 6G networks, because the sender and receiver are connected to each other. NDN has additional features, such as in-network caching and hop-by-hop transmission. [PERSON] et al. proposed an efficient method that is suitable for NDN C-IoT implementation to improve energy in network computing, to overcome higher latency and signaling costs [45]. Over NDN, hydra [46] automatically provides scalable and efficient data distribution at large volumes and enables distributed control with great robustness. The traditional approach is commonly used in the majority of NDN clouds, in which developers need to communicate with a central server.