# Development and Reliability of a Street Skateboarding Notational Analysis Framework and Application
## 2 Materials and Methods
### Key Elements
#### 2.2.3 Action (Trick Attempt)  
The most important aspect of defining an action or outcome is ensuring the operational definition of the action is clear and unambiguous [13]. Street skateboarding tricks were grouped to allow for subjective interpretation of style, encompassing athletes' individualisation and nuanced trick variations in a way where trick difficulty and variation could be assessed. Regarding the action, a \"trick attempt\" (TA) was defined when a skater popped the board to perform a movement with the board and/or obstacle, and then subsequently attempt to land on the board. The NA application allowed for the ability to code a free text trick name (common skateboarding nomenclature) associated with each TA (trick\({}_{\text{TA}}\)). All tricks where a skater popped their board (any number of wheels left the ground) were considered TAs; however, kick-turns or reverts alone, such as to change direction, were not considered a TA, but rather a \"redirection\", coded but removed from any analysis (as noted). Of importance, in skateboarding a redirection is often used to set the skater's position and stance before the next trick, with a matter of intent by the skater. To avoid subjectivity in what TAs to include or not, all movements where any number of wheels left the ground were coded, including potential redirection tricks, such as fundamental stalls often performed on quarterpipe coping (50-50 stalls, rock to fakie) ([[https://osf.io/n9](https://osf.io/n9) bly/]([https://osf.io/n9](https://osf.io/n9) bly/)). Thus, selected potential redirection tricks could be filtered out during post-processing if desired, ensuring generalisability to suit a practitioner's specific needs. A best trick (BT) TA was a single trick, and a RUN was made up of consecutive TAs. For this analysis, each TA encompassed the three phases: TO, IA, and LD (Table 1). For each phase, stance (regular, switch, fakie, nollie), skater rotation amount (degrees) and body rotation direction (front-side (FS), back-side (BS)), obstacle approach direction (FS, BS), trick category (fundamental, flip, grind/slide, air/grab/stall, balance, freestyle, or not applicable), and category trick name (e.g., ollie, crooked grind, boardslide, etc.) were recorded (Table 2). The pre-defined lists used for this analysis and all coded TAs from the semi-finals competition are in the online material ([[https://osf.io/n9](https://osf.io/n9) bly/]([https://osf.io/n9](https://osf.io/n9) bly/)). To note, the three phase approach was selected to encompass the vast majority of street skateboarding tricks at the time [27]. However, as the sport inevitably evolves, this process could accommodate more than three phases, possibly through the inclusion of sub-phases. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c l} \hline \hline
**Trick** & **Acronym** & \begin{tabular}{l} **Description** \\ **(Example From Tokyo Olympics Semi-finals)** \\ \end{tabular} \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{Trick Attempt} & & \begin{tabular}{l} Skater pops board and performs movement(s) to interact with \\ board and/or obstacle. Broken into TO, IA, and LD phases. TA \\ naming aligns with skateboarding nomenclature. \\ \end{tabular} \\ \cline{1-1}  & & \begin{tabular}{l} (e.g., TA name = Half Cab + FS Noseslide + Varial Heelflip) \\ \end{tabular} \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{Best-Trick Attempt} & & \
\begin{tabular}{l} Single TA; multiple BT TAs are often performed in a \\ competition round. \\ \end{tabular} \\ \cline{1-1}  & &
\begin{tabular}{l} (e.g., 5 BT TAs) \\ \end{tabular} \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 1: List and definitions of notational analysis acronyms including phases of trick attempts and a specific example from the Tokyo Olympics.