## 4 Results
### Characterization of Risks Arising from Industry 4.0
#### 4.3.9 Technological Risks
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Dimension** & **Code** & **Digital Risk** & **Source** & **Ref.** & **(\%)** \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{Economic Risks} & ER1 & Risk of High Investment and Implementation Costs & 18 & 18 & **15.25\%** \\  & ER2 & Risk of Lack of Financial Resources & 3 & 3 & **2.54\%** \\  & ER3 & Risk of Financial Return Uncertainty & 7 & 7 & **5.93\%** \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{Educational Risks} & DR1 & Risk of Lack of Understanding of Resources and Limitations & \multirow{3}{*}{2} & \multirow{3}{*}{2} & \multirow{3}{*}{**1.69\%**} \\  & DR2 & Risk of Lack of Research on Industry 4.0 & 3 & 3 & **2.54\%** \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{Human Risks} & HR1 & Risk of Lack of Human Interaction & 5 & 5 & **4.24\%** \\  & HR2 & Risk of Lack of Training & 3 & 3 & **2.54\%** \\  & HR3 & Risk of Storage of Skilled Labor & 16 & 16 & **13.56\%** \\  & HR4 & Risk of Inability to Interpret Data & 2 & 2 & **1.69\%** \\  & HR5 & Risk of Employee Retraining or Job Transformation & 4 & 4 & **3.39\%** \\  & HR6 & Occupational Risk & 6 & 6 & **5.08\%** \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{Organizational Risks} & OR1 & Risk of Lack of Qualified Management Team & 5 & 5 & **4.24\%** \\  & OR2 & Risk of Low Understanding of the Implications of Industry 4.0 & 9 & 9 & **7.63\%** \\  & OR3 & Risk of Supply Chain Disruption & 15 & 15 & **12.71\%** \\  & OR4 & Risk of Organizational Process Changes & 2 & 2 & **1.69\%** \\  & OR5 & Risk of New Business Models & 4 & 4 & **3.39\%** \\  & OR6 & Risk of Coordination, Collaboration, and & & & \\  & OR6 & Communication Problems & 2 & 2 & **1.69\%** \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{Political-Legal Risks} & PR1 & Risk of Lack of Political and Governmental Support & 4 & 4 & **3.39\%** \\  & PR2 & Risk of Ethical Issues & 3 & 3 & **2.54\%** \\  & PR3 & Risk of Changes in Legislation & 3 & 3 & **2.54\%** \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{Social Risks} & SR1 & Risk of Lack of Skilled Labor & 4 & 4 & **3.39\%** \\  & SR2 & Risk of Unemployment & 11 & 11 & **9.32\%** \\  & SR3 & Risk of Social Inequality & 9 & 9 & **7.63\%** \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{Technological Risks} & TR1 & Risk of Lack of Integration between Systems and & \multirow{3}{*}{12} & \multirow{3}{*}{12} & \multirow{3}{*}{**10.17\%**} \\  & TR2 & Risk of Lack of Cybersecurity and Data Protection & 21 & 21 & **17.80\%** \\  & TR3 & Risk of Data Vulnerability & 8 & 8 & **6.78\%** \\  & TR4 & Risk of Cyber Attack & 31 & 31 & **26.27\%** \\  & TR5 & Risk of Low Quality of Existing Data & 6 & 6 & **5.08\%** \\  & TR6 & Risk of Efficient Data & 7 & 7 & **5.93\%** \\  & TR7 & Risk of High Degree of Automation & 4 & 4 & **3.39\%** \\  & TR8 & Risk of Artificial Intelligence Errors & 2 & 2 & **1.69\%** \\  & TR9 & Risk of Lack of Technological Infrastructure & 8 & 8 & **6.78\%** \\  & TR10 & Risk of Hyperconnectivity & 7 & 7 & **5.93\%** \\  & TR11 & Risk of Signal Interference & 6 & 6 & **5.08\%** \\  & TR12 & Risk of Privacy Invasion & 8 & 8 & **6.78\%** \\  & TR13 & Risk of Data Leakage & 8 & 8 & **6.78\%** \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 8: _Cont._in processes, coordination, collaboration, and communication problems, and errors in artificial intelligence. It is important to note that, although mentioned a few times in the literature, these risks still exist, albeit with a low probability of occurrence, which should not be ignored by industries. A mitigation plan for all risks, when identified or anticipated, should be developed and implemented. Finally, it is emphasized that the weighting criterion in this study was considered according to the frequency of occurrences in which the risks were mentioned in the literature. It is known that Industry 4.0 has been altering production methods and service delivery. Therefore, it is important to emphasize that the risks identified and listed in this study are those that can directly impact production and are related to the industrial sector. On the other hand, Industry 4.0 technologies also impact how some services are offered, such as in healthcare.