## 7 Conclusions  
The purpose of this case study was to evaluate the impact of a redesign intervention consisting of the construction of bypasses to avoid residential areas and the partial adjustment of the existing route. Bypasses are sections of road characterized by sufficiently large curve radii and the absence of intersections or direct accesses to the road. At the same time, the existing route is partially rectified and existing driveways are reorganized and optimized. Predictive models were used to quantify the expected benefit of such interventions. As expected, the CMFs describing the characteristics that were modified, such as radii of curvature, driveway density, shoulder type and width, were significantly reduced for the future scenario in the presence of intervention compared to the state of the art. CMFs enable the benefits of any change in infrastructure characteristics to be quantified. The model is then used to simulate two future scenarios: Scenario A in the absence of intervention and Scenario B in the presence of intervention. By comparing the results obtained, it is possible to quantify the benefit of the intervention as the annual reduction in the number of predicted accidents. A reduction of about 10 accidents per year was therefore estimated, which corresponds to a reduction of around 45% of the total number of accidents without intervention. As this simulation was based on one possible assumption of the use of bypasses in terms of the portion of traffic passing through them, it was decided to evaluate other alternative scenarios. These alternative scenarios considered different bypass utilization rates. It was shown that even in the worst case of no bypasses being used (0% of traffic using them), there would still be a 23% reduction in accidents as a result of the rehabilitation of the existing route. In addition, in the most favorable case, where the number of vehicles using the bypass is higher than initially estimated, a reduction in accidents up to 53% could be achieved.  
In addition, since the initial simulations assumed future traffic to be equal to the average of the last two years available (2021-2022), it was chosen to assess the impact of a possible general increase or decrease in traffic. The results show that as the traffic changes, the scenario with the presence of the intervention still allows a reduction in the number of predicted accidents. Furthermore, this reduction is more pronounced as traffic increases. This means that if traffic increases in the future without any intervention, there would be a more severe condition. In fact, the presence of redesign intervention allows an increasing benefit with traffic. Therefore, it can be said that the intervention will result in a clear benefit, and that it has a reasonable degree of resilience to possible variations in boundary conditions, such as traffic.  
Conceptualization, M.C. and E.T.; methodology, A.A.; software, K.C.; validation, M.K.; formal analysis, A.A.; investigation, K.C. and A.A.; resources, A.A.; data curation, A.A. and M.K.; writing--original draft preparation, A.A.; writing--review and editing, E.T. and M.K.; supervision, M.C. and E.T.; project administration, M.C. and E.T. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript. This research received no external funding.  
Not applicable.  
The original contributions presented in the study are included in the article, further inquiries can be directed to the corresponding author.  
The authors declare no conflicts of interest.