# An Optimized Load Balance Solution for Multi-homed Host in Heterogeneous Wireless Networks
## 2 Related Work
### Multi-Homed Mobile Host Solution
#### 2.1.5 Load Balance Based Methods  
Load balance is an MH solution that aims at sending data over multiple connections in a fair distribution form, as either equal or unequal distributions [45]. Several techniques have been proposed to perform load balance of the application data, some of which have been focusing on distributing data traffic, others on multipath routing.  
Data traffic distribution by distributing traffic threads have been recognized in [46]. Load balance based on distributed data chunks is given in [47]. The use of scheduler to load balance application data flow is explained in [48]. Using dynamic scheduling provides better performance by dynamic processing and allocation of application data [49]. The usage of scheduling based on QoS which provides better evaluation is given in [50; 51].  
The multipath routing is a method to achieve load balance and fair distribution. One of its techniques is based upon the usage of full path delay as a metric for simultaneous data transmission [52]. Another solution is adopting active scheduling for bandwidth aggregation of multiple interfaces [53]. For better multipath routing of video applications, one may use the frame-level control [54]. The usage of a scheduler for multi-path video transmission is proposed in [55]. Enhancing the processing delay is done by using a multipath routing mechanism [56], while it is optimized using full path content routing [57]. Another optimization is based on using a propping mechanism [58]. Multi-path routing is maintained by alternative approaches such as the internet protocol (IP) binding [59]. Solving the re-transmission issue by the usage of the multi-path data transmissions is given in [60]. Utility function has been devised to achieve multipath routing [61]. Multipath routing is in need to be controlled, and an approach has been introduced by applying the control plane processing [62]. The multipathgateway is another way to control the multipath routing [63]. The usage of virtual ID routing protocol (VIRO) for maintaining the multipath routing is introduced in [64].  
Considering QoS to perform load balance is solved in several ways [65]. One way is the usage of the routing table for load balance over QoS verified paths as a host-based model [66]. Another way is the genetic crossover and mutation based on the overall QoS path parameters are used for path selection [67]. A third way is by achieving both mobility and load balance according to the application awareness [68]. Most techniques using multiple connections adopted QoS for more efficient performance. One common approach for all techniques is the load balance of application data either through the session identification, application ports, address mobility, and distribution of application data. There is a tradeoff between the application performance and the proposed load balance solutions.  
A challenging problem which arises in this domain is to provide a load balance solution by considering all application types. Only a few studies have shown an interest in providing a general solution. These will be considered for comparison with the proposed solution. The previous efforts were distinguished in terms of ranking the available connections and provide load balance by offloading application data over them, but they have issues related to the improvement of some applications performance more than others [30; 31].  
Compared to the previous related work, we have a different method, using an unequal cost load balance approach. This has been proposed to surmount the problems caused by the improved performance of certain applications at the expense of other applications. We are proposing a system model that is considered a general solution for concurrent multiple communication of applications data using unequal cost load balance technique.