# Preventing Overturning of Mobile Cranes Using an Electrical Resistivity Measurement System
## 3 Methodology
### Graphical User Interface Program  
A graphical user interface (GUI) program was developed to control the ERMS and analyze ground conditions in real time. The GUI for the ERMS was programed using LabWindows/CVI (VER. 2017) based on the C programing language. As shown in Figure 8, the GUI was designed to enable intuitive control of the ERMS. Through the GUI, users can sequentially check the installation status of the ERMS, verify wireless communication connections, select measurement methods, choose the water supply method, select between automatic and manual measurement modes, and define the measurement area after the mobile crane is positioned at the work site. Once these steps are completed, measurements can be initiated, and data can be monitored in real time, allowing intuitive analysis.  
Table 1 shows the detailed functions of the developed GUI. The features include real-time data visualization and the ability to control electrical resistivity measurements and water supply devices automatically through the interface. The GUI legend for the  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c l l l} \hline \hline
**Item** & \multicolumn{1}{c}{**Function**} & **Item** & **Function** \\ \hline \multicolumn{4}{c}{Check the measurement status} \\ (a) & 1. & Check the working location & (h) & Check the number of the selected electrode \\  & 2. & Check outrigger location & \\  & 3. & Check ERMS installation & \\ \hline (b) & Check the wireless communication & (i) & Start and save data \\ (c) & Final confirmation & (j) & Save/analyze/recall \\ \hline \multicolumn{4}{c}{Select a measurement method} \\ (d) & 1. & Auto: sequential measurement from the selected test node & (k) & Reset: Initialize variables and test nodes \\  & 2. & Manual: only one measurement of the selected test node & \\ \hline \multicolumn{4}{c}{Select how the water supply device works} \\ (e) & 1. & Auto: spray at regular intervals & (l) & Emergency stop \\  & 2. & Manual: manual dispensing at the desired time & \\ \hline \multicolumn{4}{c}{Settings for manual measurement} \\ (f) & 1. & Peak Time: injection current time & (m) & Electrode node and test area (left/right) \\  & 2. & Test Num.: measurement node number & \\ \hline \multicolumn{4}{c}{Settings for automatic measurements} \\ (g) & 1. & Meas. Opt.: select a measurement area & (n) & System log record \\  & 2. & W/P Interval: water supply time interval & 2. & Display results after controlling each function \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}
Table 1: Description of the functionality of the developed GUI.  
Figure 7: Algorithm concept on underground safety evaluation.  
electrical resistivity values references the soil resistivity distribution reported in various studies [33; 34; 61; 62]. The GUI legend uses color to intuitively represent the safety and instability zones of the ground (Figure 8m). Areas closer to red indicate higher soil moisture content, implying the presence of soft soil that effectively conducts electricity. Conversely, areas closer to black indicate higher porosity, implying the possibility of cavity layers that do not conduct electricity. This color scheme serves as a warning, enabling mobile crane operators to immediately recognize areas with increased risks of overturning.