## 5 Integrated Machine: Description, Plant Linking and Behaviour Analyses
### Integrated Machine Behaviour and Needs Coverage  
The behaviour of the machine was estimated using the test results data of December 2017 (10 days of test). Data were collected by means of onboard probes, whose readings were monitored by onsite personnel and also collected by the onboard PLC. The display of the machine gave various pieces of information, such as outside temperature and relative humidity, water production and energy consumption and domestic water heating. Water production was also recorded manually by the onsite personnel by means of a water counter. In Table 2, probe types and their related uncertainties are reported. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c} \hline \hline
**Physic Variable** & **Probe Type** & **Probe Error (in the Test Conditions)** \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{Relative Humidity} & Capacity hygrometer & \multirow{2}{*}{\(\pm\)(1.3 + 0.003 measured r.h. value)\%} \\  & HTCT 01 & \\ \hline Temperature & Resistance thermometer Pt100 & \(\pm\)0.2 \({}^{\circ}\)C \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{Water flow} & Oscillating piston & \multirow{2}{*}{\(\pm\)2\% of the read value} \\  & water counter & \\ \hline Water weight & Electronic Pressure scale & \(\pm\)0.01 kg \\ \hline Air Flow & Vane Anemometer & \(\pm\)1\% of the read value or \(\pm\)2\% 0.02 m/s \\ \hline Energy & Integrated Power meter & 1\% \(\pm\) 2 words \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 2: Main probes characteristics. Figure 4: AWG integrated machine installation. The sampling frequency was 30 min; thus, the collected data for each testing day were 48. In Table 3, the most relevant experimental data, cumulated (water production and energy consumption) or averaged (temperature and relative humidity) for each day of the test, are reported. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c} \hline \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**Day of Test**} & **Temperature** & **Relative** & **Water** & **Energy** \\  & **Humidity** & **Production** & **Consumption** \\ \cline{2-5}  & (°C) & **(\%)** & **L/Day** & **kWh/Day** \\ \hline
1 & 19.6 & 63.2 & 1229 & 772 \\ \hline
2 & 20.6 & 61.7 & 1215 & 793 \\ \hline
3 & 21.4 & 59.8 & 1335 & 813 \\ \hline
4 & 21.7 & 60.4 & 1392 & 848 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 3: Experimental data. Figure 5: Hot water tank and LPG boiler. In the image, green pipes, connecting the integrated machine to the hot water tank, can be seen. During each day, the environmental air temperature and relative humidities varied. In the following graphs of Figure 6, there is an example of the weather behaviour (day 5). The collected data were used to tune and test the calculation model, which is physically based (the main characteristics are briefly reported in Appendix A). Such a model, described and used also in ref. [20] with good results, is a modular, real-time reverse thermodynamic cycle simulator, based on the principles of mass and energy conservation. The required input data are given by the environmental air conditions, expressed by means of the total pressure, the dry bulb temperature and the relative humidity. The simulation tool main outputs are water production and energy consumption. Using the weather data, collected during the test, and the production and consumption data, it was possible to tune and test the simulator behaviour. Figure 7 reports a comparison between the real data and the calculated ones concerning water production. The average error is below 3%; thus, the simulated data were considered acceptable. It is worth remembering that, on the basis of energy consumption data, it is possible to determine the WET indicator, which is one of the metrics used to measure the efficiency of  
Figure 6: Environmental air temperature and relative humidity. Samples were collected with a frequency of 30 min (30°).