## 1 Introduction
### The Literature Review
After generating mathematical models for typical benchmark functions, TCSC is deployed at weak locations across many echelons in the proposed work of [44; 45; 46] to improve the system voltage profile. The authors' proposal in [47; 48; 49] aims to evaluate the impact of photovoltaic (PV) penetration on active power loss, reactive power loss, and enhancement of voltage profile. This is achieved by assessing the location for PV deployment using the voltage collapse proximity index technique. Therefore, an effort is made to analyze the loading characteristic of the IEEE 14 bus system in conditions of potential voltage collapse, such as when the network is exposed to the use of photovoltaic solar energy sources. With column headings such as \"objective\", \"optimization algorithm\", \"system description\", and \"RES type\", Table 1 displays the papers covered in the literature. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Objective** & \begin{tabular}{c} **Optimization Models** \\ **Used** \\ \end{tabular} & **System Description** & \begin{tabular}{c} **Incorporation** \\ **of RES** \\ \end{tabular} & **Year** & **Reference** \\ \hline Dynamic economic & Bottlenose dolphin & Twenty-nine functions & & & \\ load dispatch & optimizer (BDO) & including seven & PV, WT & 2022 & [11] \\ \hline Minimize operation cost & Improved mayfly & Thermal power plant along & & & \\ and pollution & optimization algorithm & with PV, WT, and BESS & PV, WT & 2022 & [13] \\ \hline Minimize operation cost & Knee-guided & & & & \\ and pollution & algorithm (KGA) & 6, 10, and 11 generating units & NA & 2022 & [14] \\ \hline Decreasing the emission of & \begin{tabular}{c} Marine predators \\ algorithm \\ (MMPA) \\ \end{tabular} & \begin{tabular}{c} 3, 5, 6, \\ and 26 generating units \\ \end{tabular} & NA & 2022 & [16] \\ \hline Fuel cost, pollutant emission, & & NSGA-III (I-NSGA-III) & 5, 10, and 30 units & NA & 2022 & [17] \\ \hline Minimize the total generation & Distributed & & & & \\ cost in a dynamic economic & management algorithm & & & & \\ dispatch problem & for DEDP & & & & \\ \hline Multi-objective dynamic & Multi-objective particle & & 6 generating units with DSM & & \\ economic and & swarm optimization & & implementation & NA & 2018 & [21] \\ \hline Reduction of carbon emissions, & Competitive swarm & Thermal–solar (TS), & & & \\ in addition to low cost and & optimization & thermal–wind (TW), and & & & \\ high efficiency & (CSO) algorithm & thermal–wind–solar (TWS) & & & \\ \hline Environmental economic & \begin{tabular}{c} Distributed augmented \\ dispatch problem \\ (ADAL) method \\ \end{tabular} & \begin{tabular}{c} 4 multi-micro-energy \\ grid systems \\ \end{tabular} & Battery & 2022 & [25] \\ \hline Minimization of MG total & & & & & \\ annual cost and total & Multi-objective & & 1000 smart homes with & PV, WT, & \\ annual emission & optimization & different DSM & BESS & 2019 & [26] \\ \hline Generation side & & & DSM-based six thermal & & \\ operational benefits and & (NSGA-II) and Monte & generating units, one & 6 MT, along & & \\ reduction in environmental & Carlo simulation (MCS) & solar-powered generator, and & & & \\ pollution level & & one wind-powered generator & & & \\ \hline Reducing carbon emissions and & & & & \\ improving wind & Multi-objective & & & & \\ power consumption & optimization & & heating system & & \\ \hline Energy sustainability and & & \begin{tabular}{c} Crow search \\ optimization algorithm \\ (CSA) \\ \end{tabular} & \begin{tabular}{c} Six benchmark test systems \\ with multi-dimensional \\ constraints \\ \end{tabular} & PV, WT & 2022 & [33] \\ \hline Reduction in cost of economic & \
\begin{tabular}{c} Crisscross search \\ operation and the \\ algorithm \\ \end{tabular} &
\begin{tabular}{c} IEEE-30 bus system, 40 \\ generators system, and \\ hydrothermal \\ generation system \\ \end{tabular} & NA & 2022 & [35] \\ \hline Reduce the overall generation & & & DSM-implemented two & & \\ cost of the system. & CSAJAYA & microgrid & WT & 2023 & [50] \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}