## 4 Car-Sharing Application
### Data Collection and Information Fusion for BPAs  
The data of BPAs on two evaluation levels (increase (I), decrease (D)) for nine criteria were collected from four information sources: expert, model, survey, and sensors/actual measurement. In order to provide convenience for calculation and comparison, note that the data at pre-test stage and post-test stage was from [20], yet there is a change in the framework of evaluation levels, and corresponding BPAs are shown respectively in Tables 4 and 5. In [20], three evaluation levels were  
Figure 3: The architecture of a typical car-sharing organization (CSO) [20]. introduced: I (increase), N (no change), D (decrease). In our article, only levels I and D are considered, and the original data corresponding to level N is mapped to the set [I,D], in which BPA representation is formed. According to Equations (2)-(4), a comprehensive evaluation for each criterion can be calculated by [PERSON]'s combination rule. Consider the criterion \"Cost\" in Table 5; let us denote the BPA from Expert by \(m_{1}^{1}\), from Model by \(m_{2}^{1}\), from Survey by \(m_{3}^{1}\), and from Sensors by \(m_{4}^{1}\). The detailed procedure for data combination can be shown as follows:  
1. Original BPAs from Table 5 is: \[m_{1}^{1}(I) =0.3,m_{1}^{1}(D)=0.2,m_{1}^{1}(\Theta)=0.5,\] \[m_{2}^{1}(I) =0.4,m_{2}^{1}(D)=0.2,m_{2}^{1}(\Theta)=0.4,\] \[m_{3}^{1}(I) =0.2,m_{3}^{1}(D)=0.1,m_{3}^{1}(\Theta)=0.7,\] \[m_{4}^{1}(I) =0.1,m_{4}^{1}(D)=0.3,m_{4}^{1}(\Theta)=0.6.\]
2. Data information: Using Equations (2)-(4), we have \(m_{1}^{1}\bigoplus m_{2}^{1}\bigoplus m_{3}^{1}\bigoplus m_{4}^{1}=\)  
\[m_{1}(I) =0.5645,\] \[m_{1}(D) =0.3226,\] \[m_{1}(\Theta) =0.1129.\]  
From the above analysis, a comprehensive BPA is obtained for the criteria \"Cost\" from four information sources. Likewise, the remaining BPAs for eight criteria can be computed. The aggregated BPA results for nine criteria at the pre-test and post-stage stages of car-sharing are represented in Table 6. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c c c c c c} \hline \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**Evaluation Criteria**} & \multicolumn{3}{c}{**Expert**} & \multicolumn{3}{c}{**Model**} & \multicolumn{3}{c}{**Survey**} & \multicolumn{3}{c}{**Sensors**} \\ \cline{2-11}  & **1** & **D** & **\(\Theta\)** & **1** & **D** & **\(\Theta\)** & **1** & **D** & **\(\Theta\)** & **1** & **D** & **\(\Theta\)** \\ \hline \(cost\left(C_{1}\right)\) & 0.25 & 0.25 & 0.5 & 0.6 & 0.2 & 0.2 & 0.5 & 0.2 & 0.3 & 0.5 & 0.15 & 0.35 \\ \(fuel\ consumption\left(C_{2}\right)\) & 0.3 & 0.3 & 0.4 & 0.4 & 0.2 & 0.4 & 0.4 & 0.2 & 0.4 & 0.2 & 0.5 & 0.3 \\ \(air\ quality\left(C_{3}\right)\) & 0.65 & 0.15 & 0.2 & 0.7 & 0.2 & 0.1 & 0.6 & 0.2 & 0.2 & 0.8 & 0.1 & 0.1 \\ \(noise\ perception\left(C_{4}\right)\) & 0.25 & 0.65 & 0.1 & 0.8 & 0.1 & 0.1 & 0.5 & 0.2 & 0.3 & 0.1 & 0.8 & 0.1 \\ \(users\ numbers\left(C_{5}\right)\) & 0.7 & 0.2 & 0.1 & 0.2 & 0.1 & 0.7 & 0.8 & 0.1 & 0.1 & 0.6 & 0.1 & 0.3 \\ \(spatial\ accessibility\left(C_{6}\right)\) & 0.5 & 0.3 & 0.2 & 0.6 & 0.1 & 0.3 & 0.5 & 0.2 & 0.3 & 0.7 & 0.1 & 0.2 \\ \(satis\ action\left(C_{7}\right)\) & 0.6 & 0.1 & 0.3 & 0.7 & 0.1 & 0.2 & 0.6 & 0.1 & 0.3 & 0.8 & 0.1 & 0.1 \\ \(s\ activity\left(C_{8}\right)\) & 0.4 & 0.3 & 0.3 & 0.4 & 0.2 & 0.4 & 0.4 & 0.2 & 0.4 & 0.5 & 0.3 & 0.2 \\ \(congestion\ level\left(C_{9}\right)\) & 0.4 & 0.4 & 0.2 & 0.1 & 0.5 & 0.4 & 0.2 & 0.5 & 0.3 & 0.2 & 0.6 & 0.2 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 4: Data collection of BPAs at the pre-test stage [20].