## 4 Case Study: The Kimberley Climate Adaptation Project (KCAP)
### Modeling and Visualization Outputs  
The storylines A) Kimberley Adapts (focus on adaptation) and B) Low Carbon Kimberley (focus on mitigation and adaptation) guided data collection, modeling a future urban development and mountain pine beetle spread, and provided the script for the Google Earth visualization. As part of this paper, it is only possible to show a selection of images; refer to [PERSON] _et al_. [48], [PERSON] _et al_. [5], and future publications for further examples. The various themes were also printed on posters, combining the images with explanatory texts about the underlying scientific assumptions, data and modeling. Figure 4 shows current conditions around the City of Kimberley, Figure 5 shows parts of the proposed  
Figure 3: Visualization workflow in the KCAP [48]. FME Tools convert data from one format to another; in this case, from multiple sources such as CAD into ArcGIS.  
urban extension in the Kimberley Adapts scenario, Figure 6 the outcome of a forest fire spread model, Figure 7 to 9 various adaptation options.  
Figure 4: Overview of Kimberley, as seen from south to north: The Nature Park and ski hill are in the west, the watershed is in the northwest, the mining site is in the north, the proposed Taylor’s Mill development is in the Northeast. Industrial brownfield sites from the mine ore processing are in the east ([PERSON] 2009; © 2009 Google; image © 2009 Province of British Columbia; image © 2009 TerraMetrics).  
Figure 5: Aerial and perspective view of the proposed Taylors Mill development site: new urban development is represented as grey massing models on the hilltop; white and colored models depict existing development ([PERSON], [PERSON] 2009; © 2009 Google; image © 2009 Province of British Columbia; image © 2009 TerraMetrics)  
Figure 6: Farsite fire spread model, visualized as 2D map with the model software by the City’s fire consultant (**left**) and spatialized in Google Earth (**right**) together with the 3D buildout by CALP (sources: [PERSON] 2009 (**left**); [PERSON] 2009, © 2009 Google; image © 2009 Province of British Columbia; image © 2009 TerraMetrics (**right**)).  
Figure 7: Recommendations for the location of public transport stops in the Low Carbon scenario ([PERSON] and [PERSON] 2009; © 2009 ESRI ArcGIS Explorer; orthophoto © 2009 USGS).  
Most of the proposed development zones are vulnerable to wildfire. Forest fires are an integral part of the landscape ecology of the Kimberley area, and have threatened the town before. A plausible impact of climate change is the extension of the fire season. Thus, CALP visualized the spatial outcome of a fire spread model from the City's fire consultant in 3D and over time (Figure 6) in order to illustrate how fast a forest fire could take out the evacuation routes: the first highway exit is taken out after four hours, and the second after eight hours. When combined with the buildout model, it is possible to predict the evacuation routes.  
Figure 8: Hand-drawn design sketch, visualized in Google Earth ([PERSON] and [PERSON] 2009, © 2009 Google; image © 2009 Province of British Columbia; image © 2009 TerraMetrics).  
Figure 9: Adaptation and mitigation measures in sustainable forest management; visualized in Biosphere3D with Flora3D tree models ([PERSON] 2009, with thanks to [PERSON], [PERSON] and [PERSON] from the Biosphere3D community [49]).  
becomes obvious that the new low-density development of Forest Crowne and Taylor's Mill, with a large increase of urban forest interface, are more vulnerable than the current city or other, denser developments with less forest interface.