## 4 Qualitative Findings and Discussion
### LSAD Design Improvement Recommendations
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{l l} \hline \hline \multicolumn{2}{c}{**LSAD Design Improvement Recommendations**} \\ \hline \hline \multicolumn{2}{c}{Stability (Golden Guide 1)} \\ \hline \(\bullet\) & When addressing the issue of device slippage, ensure that it does not affect the user’s normal attire; \\ \(\bullet\) & This includes the use of anti-slip materials, while also paying attention to breathability. For example, testing the anti-slip performance of \\ \(\bullet\) & devices by incorporating a mesh structure made from anti-slip materials; \\ \(\bullet\) & Emphasis should be placed on the relationship between the device and pants/lower body, improving slippage issues through clever design \\ \(\bullet\) & Consider the user’s usage scenarios. For example: whether it involves frequent bending or squatting. \\ \hline \multicolumn{2}{c}{Fit (Golden Guide 2)} \\ \hline \(\bullet\) & Customized services should be provided based on specific body types; \\ \(\bullet\) & Apply a modular design concept, allowing users to replace the steel plate/rod on the back; \\ \(\bullet\) & Adopt an adjustable design, allowing users to fine-tune the device or the angle of the back steel rod/plate according to individual needs (see Figure 6). \\ \hline \multicolumn{2}{c}{Comfort (Golden Guide 3)} \\ \hline \(\bullet\) & Avoid the use of overly sealed materials to allow for air circulation; \\ \(\bullet\) & Utilize lightweight, high-strength materials to reduce the overall weight of the equipment. \\ \hline \multicolumn{2}{c}{Potential barrier} \\ \hline \(\bullet\) & Provide scientifically credible tension data, detailing the level of tension required for varying degrees of lower-back pain and activity, and visualize it intuitively on the device through data visualization methods (see Figure 7). \\ \hline \multicolumn{2}{c}{Prompts} \\ \hline \(\bullet\) & Consider incorporating smart technology or wearable materials based on users’ rehabilitation needs, providing assistance with correct posture, timed exercises, and health monitoring; \\ \(\bullet\) & Tailor personalized exercise prescriptions based on individual circumstances, including questions to assess the user’s current condition and adjust the workout plan accordingly. \\ \hline \multicolumn{2}{c}{Aesthetic design} \\ \hline \(\bullet\) & Incorporate locally relevant fashion elements into the device based on the cultural and social situations of different regions; \\ \(\bullet\) & Minimize negative perceived stress on users caused by the device, for example, addressing perceptions such as “looking like a patient” or being “too ostententious”. \\ \hline \multicolumn{2}{c}{Dimensions} \\ \hline \(\bullet\) & Establish a standard sizing scale based on authoritative anthropometric data to reduce the error rate in online purchases for users. \\ \hline \multicolumn{2}{c}{Safety} \\ \hline \(\bullet\) & Consider abolishing the installation of voltage devices in LSAD; \\ \(\bullet\) & Consideration should be given to safer heating aids, such as graphene heating technology or herbs such as Artemisia Argy. \\ \hline \multicolumn{2}{c}{Cleanliness} \\ \hline \(\bullet\) & Based on the modular design concept, separate the inner lining from the support framework to enhance cleaning convenience. \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 3: LSAD design improvement recommendations. Addressing the stability of LSAD can be approached from both material and design perspectives. From a material standpoint, attention should be given to the breathability of  
Figure 5: A conceptual solution for solving the stability issues of LSAD, (**a**) concept plan 1; (**b**) concept plan 2. Figure 6: Conceptual solution based on the adjustable design concept to address LSAD fit issues. Figure 7: Conceptual solution addressing potential usage barriers in LSAD, based on the visual design concept. anti-slip materials. From a design perspective, a focus should be placed on the relationship between LSAD and the lower body.