## 1 Introduction
The behavior of composite beams under cyclic loads: the hysteretic response of composite beams under repeated loading, including local buckling phenomena and the influence of concrete encasement on steel beam performance, is investigated. 5. The behavior of composite beam-columns under cyclic loads: the performance of composite columns under cyclic loading, considering various cross-section types (e.g., concrete-filled steel tubes, encased steel sections) and their impact on ductility and energy dissipation is analyzed. 6. The seismic performance of composite buildings: the advances in the seismic design of composite building structures are analyzed. The review focuses on the inelastic behavior of composite buildings where the evaluation of inelasticity at various levels of seismic intensity is significantly enhanced by seismic design approaches that allow for the control of structural deterioration at both the elemental scale (for instance, crucial structural parts) and the overall building scale (such as individual floors). 7. Composite construction and foundation seismic design: seismic design considerations for foundations supporting composite structures, including pile-to-pile cap connections and soil-structure interaction effects, are discussed. 8. Seismic isolation and energy dissipation devices for composite structures: the integration of base isolation systems with composite structures, focusing on their effectiveness in reducing seismic demands and improving overall structural performance, is examined. Additionally, the implementation of various damping devices (e.g., viscous dampers and friction dampers) in composite structures and their contribution to energy dissipation during seismic events is reviewed. * The progressive collapse resistance of composite structures: the resistance of composite structures to progressive collapse under extreme loading conditions, including the role of composite action in enhancing structural robustness, is evaluated. * Optimal design strategies for earthquake-resistant composite buildings: optimization strategies for composite structural systems, considering both material usage and seismic performance objectives is explored. * The seismic performance of steel-concrete composite bridges: the application of composite construction in bridge engineering, focusing on the seismic performance of composite deck systems, piers, and abutments, is explored. * Smart materials and sensors: new smart materials and sensors enhance the seismic performance of steel-concrete structures, offering self-centering and real-time monitoring capabilities. The flowchart of the examined topics is shown in Figure 1.  
The twelve key areas selected for this comprehensive review were carefully chosen to address the critical challenges in understanding and improving the seismic performance of steel-concrete composite structures. Beginning at the component level, the examination of beam-columns, beams, and beam-column joints under cyclic loads is essential for understanding the fundamental behavior of composite elements during seismic events. The analysis of composite shear walls complements this by addressing lateral load resistance systems. Moving to a broader scale, the review of composite buildings and bridges allows for the evaluation of system-level responses, while the inclusion of foundation design ensures a complete understanding from the ground up. The sections on modeling techniques and optimal design strategies address the crucial need for accurate prediction and efficient design methodologies. The coverage of seismic isolation and energy dissipation devices, along with progressive collapse resistance, tackles the critical aspects of enhancing structural resilience. The smart materials and sensors section reflects the cutting-edge developments in monitoring and adaptive response systems.