## 3 Extraction of Vital Products
### Bioactive Compounds
Medicinal fungi or mushrooms are widely used for functional foods and nutraceutical application, following their beneficial properties. Ultrasound has been employed for the extraction of polysaccharides from the dry mycelium of medicinal fungus (_Cordyceps sinensis, Cs-HKI_). The polysaccharides yield was seen to rise with an increase in ultrasound intensity and extraction temperature, thereby demonstrating a linear dependency [26]. UAE was employed for the extraction of polysaccharides from _Angelica sinensis_ and under optimum conditions a maximum yield of 6.96% was obtained. To verify the antioxidant activity of A. sinensis polysaccharides (ASP), experiments were conducted over rats, and it has been concluded that ASP can reduce cell oxidative damage caused by exhaustive exercises [27]. [PERSON] et al. [28] utilized UAE for the recovery of polysaccharides from _Polygonum multiformu_ roots and they were further purified to obtain neutral, as well as an acidic fraction, which demonstrated inhibition activity on HepG-2 and BGC-823 cell proliferation _in vitro_. The outcomes suggested the applicability of polysaccharides as a natural antitumor agent. Pectin is one of the vital polysaccharides which finds its broad applications in food industries and is believed to exhibit lipase inhibition, wound healing, anti-ulcer and to control cholesterol and thus suitable for applications in pharmaceutical industries. The extraction of pectin from passion fruit peel has indicated the role of ultrasound which demonstrated a higher yield (12.67%) during UAE as compared to conventional heating extraction (7.95%) [29]. Polysaccharides extracted from _Lentinus edodes_ have been evaluated for their anti-hepatitis B activity, where a 1.62-fold increase in their yield was achieved via UAE as compared to conventional hot water extraction [30]. Table 1 demonstrates the application of UAE for the extraction of antioxidants from the various matrix. Although numerous traditional medicinal plants are adopted worldwide from ancient times, the beneficial compounds present in them need to be extracted effectively. Andrographolide, a bitter compound extracted from _Andrographis paniculata_, is known for its anti-inflammatory, anticancer and hepatoprotective activities along with others. _Andrographis paniculata_ has been used as a traditional Ayurvedic remedy for cold, flu, digestive and respiratory issues. UAE has been implemented for the extraction of Andrographolide, and while using optimum parameters, a yield of 29.97 mg/g was obtained within just 10 min of sonication [31]. Saponins are drawing the current attention of research, due to the increasing evidence of their antitumor, antibacterial, antifungal, anti-inflammatory and antiviral activities. To extract saponins from edible seeds (quinoa, soybean, red lentil, fenugreek, and lupin), UAE was implemented successfully. Fenugreek showed the highest total saponin (TSC) yield (12.90 g/100g), whereas soybean displayed the lowest yield (4.08 g/100g) [32]. Licorice plant herbs are well known for their applications in traditional Chinese medicines and have been used for thousands of years. Several reports indicated their antidotal, antiulcer and antiallergic properties. Ultrasound has been effectively used to extract glycvrrhizic acid from licorice and under optimum conditions, and a yield of 3.414% was achieved [33]. The application of HC in biotechnology has drawn growing interest, which is evident during the extraction of phycocyanin from Spirulina platensis as reported by [PERSON] [34]. Phycocyanin is a pigment-protein complex which could be a potential drug for cancer treatment.