# The Development and Application Status of Advanced Cement-Based Materials
## 2 An Overview of Published Articles  
The progress of advanced cementitious materials depends on innovative approaches to enhance their mechanical properties, sustainability, and durability. [PERSON] et al. [26] proposed a new method to obtain photoactive cement. During the cooling process of cement clinker, amorphous TiO\({}_{2}\) is added to the cooler. Amorphous TiO\({}_{2}\) was obtained from a device that produces titanium dioxide using the sulfuric acid process. In the study, amorphous TiO\({}_{2}\) was added to the clinker at 300, 600, 700, and 800 \({}^{\circ}\)C. The properties of the resulting cement were tested for flexural and compressive strength. Initial and final setting times were also measured. The adhesion of the resulting materials to concrete blocks, ceramic tiles, and gypsum boards was evaluated as well. The photocatalytic activity of the obtained materials in the decomposition of NO and BTEX (decomposition of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, p-, m-, and o-xylene) was studied under ultraviolet irradiation. The results indicated that cement with different percentages (by weight) of TiO\({}_{2}\) added to the clinker at 700 \({}^{\circ}\)C exhibited the highest photocatalytic activity and the best mechanical properties.  
Premature debonding between carbon fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP) and concrete often results in a significant reduction in the load-bearing capacity of the system. This failure mode is usually caused by insufficient interfacial bonding, thus hampering the effectiveness of CFRP in reinforcing the structural performance of concrete components. To this end, [PERSON] et al. [27] studied the effect of silica sand on the mechanical and adhesion properties of epoxy resin composites. Firstly, the physical and mechanical properties of epoxy resin composites were studied when the volume fraction of silica sand varied from 0% to 15%. Subsequently, the effectiveness of these composites as sealing materials to enhance the bond strength between CFRP and concrete was investigated. The study showed that the addition of 10% silica content improved the mechanical properties of epoxy resin, with the tensile strength increasing from 29.47 MPa to 35.52 MPa and the elastic modulus increasing from 4.38 GPa to 5.83 GPa. In addition, silica sand enhanced the bond strength between CFRP and concrete, and the pull-off force increased from 14.21 kN to 18.79 kN. This confirms that silica particles improve the surface roughness and interlocking, contributing to better load distribution and stress transfer at the interface.  
Masonry structures are vulnerable to damage and collapse during earthquakes. To address this issue, researchers are exploring the application of fiber-reinforced mortar as a strengthening overlay system. [PERSON] et al. [28] investigated the use of synthetic polyacrylonitrile (PAN) fibers as a reinforcement material in natural hydraulic lime (NHL) mortar. Their study aimed to understand the impact of these fibers on both the fresh behavior and mechanical properties of the mortar. Research has shown that the fresh performance of fiber-reinforced mortar (FRM) is suitable for applications with fiber volume fractions below 0.50%. The increase in fiber volume fraction has different effects on compressive strength and flexural strength, with compressive strength decreasing and flexural strength increasing. The maximum compressive strength achieved was 13.3 MPa with a fiber content of 0.25%. In contrast, the maximum flexural strength recorded was 6.70 MPa at a fiber content of 1.00%. Both compressive and flexural toughness, which relate to the material's performance after cracking, increase as the fiber content rises. Even with a fiber content as low as 0.25%, there is a significant enhancement in the material's ability to dissipate energy.