# Analysis of EMC Factors on Electronic Devices Using PLS-SEM Method: A Case Study in Vietnam
## 4 Methodology
### Sources and Measures  
To test the proposed hypotheses, alternative reliable secondary data sources were used. We have collected indicators from the Vietnam National Technical Regulations (RCVN) [24; 25; 26; 27; 28; 29; 30; 31; 32; 33; 34; 35; 36; 37; 38; 39; 40; 41; 42; 43; 44; 45; 46; 47; 48; 49; 50; 51; 52; 53], Table A1, A brief summary of the specific conditions of RCVN and Common standards are being used in countries around the world. EMC standards are divided into 3 main categories: (1) The EMC base standards are the IEC 61,000 [63] and CISPR 16 [64] families of standards. They are applicable to products that do not have their own EMC standards (Product Standards). (2) Product standards CISPR 13:2009 [53] and CISPR 20:2006 [65] are EMC updates applicable to radio and television equipment. (3) CISPR 22:2006 [66] and CISPR 24:2010 [67] are EMI and EMS standards applicable to information technology equipment (ITE). Table 1 summarizes the structure and scale of each source. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c} \hline \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**Index**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**Categories/Pillars**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Scale**} \\ \cline{3-4}  & & **High** & **Low** \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{TCVN} & \multirow{4}{*}{Basic requirements} & Specific conditions for EMC emission measurements. Immunity. & \multirow{4}{*}{10} & \multirow{4}{*}{1} \\  & & Electromagnetic environment. Electromagnetic Compatibility & & \\  & & during design and integration. Feature criteria. EMC testing related & & \\  & & to functional safety. & & \\ \cline{2-4}  & \multirow{2}{*}{Technical regulations} & Electromagnetic interference levels. Estimation of maximum levels & & \\  & & of electromagnetic interference. & & \\ \cline{2-4}  & \multirow{4}{*}{Management regulations} & Measures and techniques for achieving functional safety in relation & \multirow{4}{*}{10} & \multirow{4}{*}{1} \\  & & to electromagnetic interference. Information regarding feature criteria. Permissible effects during system functional testing. ESD & & \\ \cline{2-4}  & & transmitter characteristics and quality. Parameter of discharge & & \\ \cline{2-4}  & & current waveform in contact mode. Discharge to connectors. & & \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{QCVN} & \multirow{4}{*}{Regulation of responsibilities} & Quality criteria of national technical regulation on general & \multirow{4}{*}{10} & \multirow{4}{*}{1} \\  & & Electromagnetic Compatibility for radio broadband data & & \\ \cline{1-1}  & & transmission equipment. Test conditions of national technical & & \\ \cline{1-1}  & & regulation on Electromagnetic Compatibility for Short Range & & \\ \cline{1-1}  & & Devices (SRD) operating on frequencies between 9 kHz and 40 GHz. & & \\ \cline{1-1}  & & Information acquisition efficiency and quality criteria for different & & \\ \cline{1-1}  & & types of SRD devices & & \\ \cline{1-1} \cline{2-4}  & \multirow{4}{*}{Technical regulations} & National technical regulation on compatibility electromagnetic and & \multirow{4}{*}{10} & \multirow{4}{*}{1} \\  & & radio spectrum for transmitting equipment for the analog television broadcasting service antenna port measurement parameters. & & \\ \cline{1-1}  & & Out-of-band emissions. & & \\ \cline{1-1} \cline{2-4}  & \multirow{4}{*}{Management regulations} & Normative range of EMC emissions. National technical regulation on Electromagnetic Compatibility and radio spectrum for terrestrial & & \\ \cline{1-1}  & & digital television broadcast (DVB-T) transmitting equipment. & & \\ \cline{1-1}  & & Immunity measurement for terminal and auxiliary equipment in GSM and DCS systems. & & \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular} Source: author’s elaboration based on the respective source.  
\end{table} 
Table 1: Data sources and scales. Figure 1: Research model. Source: author’s elaboration. The standards and regulations on electromagnetic field management of the Vietnamese government are based on the basic standards and regulations on electromagnetic field management around the world, such as in the US.