## 2 Related Works
[27] developed an enhanced active modulation scheme with PWM for mitigating the EMI. The key benefit of this technique was that it does not require any accurate resolution at the time of measurement, and it efficiently reduced the harmonic contents based on linear mapping. [PERSON] and [PERSON] [28] deployed a Markov continuous random spread spectrum modulation (RSSM) technique for efficiently suppressing the EMI with a stabilized duty ratio. The main purpose of this work was to obtain the nominal switching frequency with reduced harmonic contents. Here, it was mentioned that the SSM could be a more suitable technique for mitigating the EMI noise because it efficiently randomizes the switching frequency with the use of a random clock generator. Still, it is required to improve the overall performance with ensured regulated output and jitter. [PERSON], et al. [29] conducted a survey on various mitigation techniques used for reducing the EMI, which includes the external filters, internal filters, switching control mechanisms, and selection methodologies. The typical controlling techniques were mainly used to estimate the level of EMI for boosting the output power level of converters. Based on this work, it was analyzed that the modeling parameter need to be highly concentrated for suppressing the EMI noises. [PERSON], et al. [30] presented a clear analysis on PWM techniques and resonant converter classes for ensuring improved system performance. Normally, the spread spectrum was one of the extensively used mechanisms for reducing the EMI in many circuitry applications. [PERSON], et al. [4] utilized a frequency domain approach for accurately predicting the EMI in DC-DC converters. Here, the Laplacian transformation was also utilized to improve the efficiency of the suggested scheme with the help of buck converter topology. Early focus of work was typically aimed at passive filtering techniques, such as the application of LC filters, ferrite beads, and shield material. They are older, less complex technologies with relative installation simplicity, but the possible disadvantage is greater size, weight, and inflexibility of application over a wide number of frequency bands. For instance, FPGA-based and DSP-based digital controllers are used to achieve a real-time pulse modulation scheme and pattern modulation switching for limiting EMI. Bringing in the literature, in the process, it is realized that despite still being the foremost ones, traditional methods especially continue to remain essential in high-power applications, conventional methods now complemented or replaced by even smarter and more advanced systems capable of dealing with electronics' miniaturization and increasing complexity in recent times. The second key area of comparison is in modulation schemes employed to limit EMI. Conventional fixed-frequency PWM techniques, though extremely prevalent due to simplicity and determinism, have been found to generate harmonics that are clumped with the impact of generating narrow spectral peaks, elevating systems to EMI concerns. Spread spectrum and dithering-based modulation techniques have been confirmed by literature to have the capability of spreading energy across a larger frequency band and, as a result, controlling peak level emissions. Sigma-delta modulation (SDM), random pulse position modulation (RPPM), and space vector pulse width modulation (SVPWM) by dithering techniques have proven to have drastic EMI mitigation across very critical frequencies. SVPWM with dithering, however, offers high control precision along with effective spectral distribution and hence forms the best solution to EMI-aware designs. Combining the findings above, it is ensured that optimal EMI reduction is typically achieved through the use of a combination of frequency-domain spectral flatness and time-domain signal processing by means of holistic design strategies.