# On End-to-End Intelligent Automation of 6G Networks
## 3 5G Orchestration: Related Works and Limitations
### Lessons Learned  
With the continued growth in the development and deployment efforts of 5G networks and infrastructures by various organizations and stakeholders, a list of lessons have been learned [87; 88; 89; 90]. Whether it was related to the use cases considered, architectures deployed, or resources used, the information and results gathered represent a valuable resource to learn from when planning for 6G networks. Some of the lessons learned are as follows:  
* Choice of 5G use cases and locations is critical [87]: Due to the fact that it is uncertain what type of 5G-compatible devices will be available and the type of services desired by customers, it is difficult to determine the type and location of 5G use cases and technologies to deploy. Hence, it is important to study and understand the customers' needs to be able to predict what 5G services are more likely to succeed and will result in higher revenue [87].
* Need for hybrid architecture for faster deployment [87]: To ensure faster deployments of 5G networks, hybrid architectures that can rely on 4G networks that have been built for greater capacity are needed [87]. This allows operators to build on their existing infrastructure and expanding their utilization, thus maximizing their benefit.
* Lucrativeness of enterprise use cases [87]: Studies have illustrated the lucrativeness of enterprise use cases, with almost 50% of operators participating in a recent poll having indicated that supporting new enterprise services is the main business driver for next-generation networks [87]. This does not come as a surprise given the market saturation for consumer mobile services. Accordingly, operators are focusing more on understanding the enterprise services' requirements to be able to cash in on this broad market [87].
* Key performance indicators for most organizations are speed, latency, and power efficiency [88]: Another recent poll conducted in Portugal indicated that the main performance metrics desired by organizations are speed, latency, and power efficiency. Accordingly, many of the companies believe 5G and WiFi 6 to be the most critical wireless technologies within the next 3 years [88]. Therefore, these companies are focusing on understanding how to incorporate 5G technologies to provide the maximum financial return.
* Automation and simplification are pillars of success [89]: Recent new technology trials conducted by various operators and stakeholders have provided great insights. These trials showed that there is a need to automate activity and simplify the design to achieve greater throughput and more predictable cycle times [89]. In turn, this can help in unlocking and realizing 5G's full potential [89].
* Network resource and spectrum sharing is essential [90]: Due to the high cost associated with deploying 5G networks, policy makers and stakeholders have advocated for the sharing of network resources to minimize the build cost [90]. Similarly, they have advocated for the sharing of spectra between different operators to further reduce costs and encourage cooperation between network operators [90].
* Government assistance and support is crucial [90]: Assistance and support from governments is crucial to ensure that 5G and next-generation networks reach their full potential. Accordingly, it is extremely important for governments to provide funding for next-generation network research and development efforts. Moreover, governments should provide additional incentives for network operators to make sure that these technologies are incorporated into all industries in which they can contribute [90].