### Technological Innovations of Alif-Ya  
We briefly describe several of Alif-Ya's technologically innovative features here. A dual device system of delivery (originally 2 iPads) was devised for ease of administration, requiring a relatively limited amount of training for the clinician, and for portability. The system is usable in classrooms, clinical settings, or any other appropriate locations equipped with a wireless connection. The two tablet devices were originally paired locally using a Bluetooth connection. Later versions added remote capabilities to enable the clinician and student to communicate over an internet connection; specifically, using the user datagram protocol (UDP), messages can be sent between geographically distant devices. This allows for connectivity between various tablet, laptop, and desktop devices. A number of innovations of item delivery have been implemented in Alif-Ya. Computerization ensures the precise and consistent delivery of items in terms of timings, clarity and tone of voice and pronunciation. In addition, a wide range of item types can be delivered, including multiple choice, multiple response, drag-and-drop open-ended (e.g., the child composes a response using shapes), and audio-delivered items that require a voiced response that is manually scored by the clinician. There are multiple mechanisms for the delivery of clinical information to the clinician during testing. The dual device delivery accommodates the optimal choice of in-person delivery for the highest level of clinical observation during subtest administration. However, the range of device connections available also allows for the use of a third party connection (i.e., Zoom, Teams) so that screen sharing and child observation via a web-capable camera are possible. Computerization also allows the application to deliver real-time information to the clinician about a child's performance at the item level so that the child's performance can be monitored. Directly after an evaluation session, performance information is immediately available to the clinician in the form of scale and standard scores by subtest, and the usual composite (IQ) and index scores (memory, executive control, and reasoning). Twenty-one of AlifYa's 47 subtests are constructed to deliver CAT. As noted above, CAT is characterized by its efficiency and accuracy in estimating test takers' ability over the traditional linear test. In order to enhance the accuracy of the ability estimate, the error related to the ability estimate needs to be reduced. The error associated with ability estimate is a function of item information introduced in item response theory (IRT), such that the higher information an item provides, the lower error the ability estimate would be. One way to increase the information yielded by a measure without increasing the length of the test is to tailor its delivery of items. Specifically, in a CAT framework, items are selected and administered one by one in a sequential order specific for each test taker. Each selected item represents the most informative item at the current stage of estimating. The item selection depends on previously administered items and the conditional ability estimate. CAT involves an iterative administration of test items such that tailored items are selected and the ability estimate is continuously updated after each item is administered until reaching certain predefined stopping rules (e.g., reaching certain predefined accuracy level or certain number of items). The tailored testing allows for the use of shorter test length (efficiency) while maintaining precise information of ability estimate (accuracy). The digital collection of data allows for a wide range of data to be collected with a high level of precision, such as timings of item response (in milliseconds) and response selection types. As all items and their responses may be characterized by a number of parameters, a wide range of process and contrast scores can be generated.