## 1 Introduction  
Electromagnetic microwave pollution and fire safety concerns have gotten worse due to the quick development of electronic information technology, which poses serious risks to public safety and human health [1, 2, 3]. On the one hand, electromagnetic radiation can interfere with the normal operation of precision electronic devices and may also pose potential health risks to the human body [4, 5]; on the other hand, with the widespread use of new materials and chemicals, the frequency and severity of fire accidents are continuously rising [6, 7]. Therefore, developing multifunctional composite materials with excellent electromagnetic microwave absorption (EMA) and flame retardancy propertiesholds important practical significance and application value. Particularly in the military field, electromagnetic stealth and fireproof-explosion-proof performance are critical to the safety of equipment; in the civilian sector, electromagnetic protection and flame-retardant materials also have extensive application demands in areas such as electronic devices, building materials, and transportation [8; 9; 10]. A type of innovative porous crystalline material, metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have a high specific surface area, variable pore size, rich functional groups, and outstanding physical-chemical stability, which makes them very applicable in a variety of disciplines [11; 12; 13]. MOFs use organic ligands to coordinate metal ions or clusters to create three-dimensional (3D) network architectures. By choosing various metal centers and organic ligands, they can flexibly modify their structure and functioning [14]. Research on MOF materials has steadily shifted in recent years from more conventional domains like gas adsorption, separation, and catalysis to newer application areas including EMA [15; 16; 17], flame retardancy [18; 19; 20], sensing [21], hybrid supercapacitors [22], and more. Specifically, metal/carbon composites made from MOFs that have been pyrolyzed not only have better conductivity and stability but also preserve the original porous structural characteristics, offering a valuable foundation for the creation of new functional materials [23]. In the EMA field, MOF-based materials can achieve synergistic effects of multiple loss mechanisms due to their unique porous structure and tunable chemical composition [24; 25; 26]. Studies have shown that the metal centers in MOF materials can provide magnetic loss, organic ligands and carbonized products can offer dielectric loss, and the porous structure can increase multiple reflections and scattering of electromagnetic microwaves, thereby enabling efficient EMA [27]. [PERSON] et al. [15] constructed a 3D Co/N co-doped hybrid carbon network by pyrolyzing acid-treated bilayer bimetallic zeolitic imidazolate frameworks (ZIFs). The hybrid carbon network exhibited a minimum reflection loss (RL\({}_{\text{min}}\)) of \(-56.2\) dB and an effective absorption bandwidth (EAB) of \(5.2\) GHz, with a thickness of only \(1.8\) mm. [PERSON] et al. [25] prepared a 3D sea cucumber-shaped nanomaterial by pyrolyzing bimetallic FeCo-MOF to self-grow carbon nanotubes (CNTs). When the thickness was \(1.38\) mm, RL\({}_{\text{min}}\) was \(-59.21\) dB and EAB was \(3.22\) GHz. MOF materials provide special benefits in the area of flame retardancy. The MOFs' metal ions have the ability to encourage charring by creating a barrier that prevents heat and oxygen from passing through [28; 29]. Furthermore, MOFs' porous structure can reduce the emission of harmful gasses by adsorbing and catalytically breaking down combustion products [30; 31]. By grafting ferrocene aldehyde onto amino-modified ZIT-67, [PERSON] et al. [32] created a novel design that produces a hierarchical nanoporous flame retardant with a yolk-shell structure. The synergistic effect of ferrocene and ZIF expedited the creation of a dense and strong carbon layer in epoxy resin (EP) during combustion, while its porous core structure facilitated the adsorption of hazardous and combustible components.