# Statistical Analysis of Cutting Force and Vibration in Turning X5 CrNi18-10 Steel
## 5 Conclusions  
The research aimed to understand the effects of machining parameters on cutting phenomena like cutting forces and vibration in the turning of X5 CrNi18-10 steel grade to avoid failures during the manufacturing process, and the following conclusions can be drawn from the study.  
* The active vibration magnitude results suggest that to achieve low vibration, the feed rate must be kept low; according to the results, a feed rate of 0.08 mm/rev shows less vibration with different cutting speeds and DOC, and as the feed rate is increased, the magnitude of the vibration and vibration peaks also increases.
* Good results are obtained from EX4, with DOC (a\({}_{\text{p}}\))--0.5 mm, V\({}_{\text{c}}\)--200 m/min, and \(f\)--0.08 mm/rev, with low active vibration RMS value and low peaks.
* A low feed rate results in a low magnitude of the active cutting force, and as the feed rate increases, the magnitude of the AF RMS also increases.
* The best results are obtained during EX7, with DOC (a\({}_{\text{p}}\))--0.5 mm, V\({}_{\text{c}}\)--300 m/min, and \(f\)--0.08 mm/rev. It shows the lowest values of the active cutting force RMS during the whole experiment, with a small increase in the active vibration RMS. To achieve better results in force, these parameters should be considered.
* The correlation analysis between the feed and AV\({}_{\text{b}}\) RMS suggests that there is a 69.7% correlation between the variables. The ANOVA results for the feed and AV\({}_{\text{b}}\) RMS show a significant \(p\)-value of 0.001, which also suggests that the model is highly significant, and a real relationship exists between the variables.
* The correlation analysis between the feed and AF RMS suggests that there is a 68.8% correlation between the variables. The ANOVA results for the feed and AF RMS show a significant \(p\)-value of 0.002, which is less than 0.05, suggesting that the model is highly significant.
* The marginal estimated means plot shows that increasing the depth of cut also increases the AF RMS, which can be understood by MRR. However, with increasing cutting speed, the AF RMS decreases; to achieve a low AF RMS, the cutting speed must be kept high.  
These findings can be used to improve manufacturing efficiency and predictive maintenance and to build more vibration-resistant tools for machining conditions, specifically in automobile and marine industries where X5 CrNi18-10 steel grade is used.  
Conceptualization, C.F. and T.N.; methodology, C.F. and T.N.; software, T.N.; validation, C.F.; formal analysis, C.F. and T.N.; investigation, C.F. and T.N.; resources, C.F. and T.N.; data curation, T.N.; writing--original draft preparation, T.N.; writing--review and editing, C.F.; visualization, C.F.; supervision, C.F.; project administration, C.F.; funding acquisition, C.F. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.  
This research was supported by project No. 2020-1.2.3-EUREKA-2022-00025 \"Deep Learning Based Process Monitoring for Complex Machining Tasks--DeepProMach\", which was realized with financial help of the National Research Development and Innovation Fund of the Ministry of Culture and Innovation of Hungary.  
Not applicable.  
The original contributions presented in the study are included in the article, further inquiries can be directed to the corresponding author.  
Sincere thanks to University of Miskolc, Hungary, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Informatics, Institute of Manufacturing Science, for providing the academic support andto Interstop Kft., Miskolc, Hungary, for providing the necessary resources and technical assistance that contributed significantly to this research.  
The authors declare no conflicts of interest.