## 2 Materials and Method
### Mapping of Deep-Seated Landslide and Linearment  
A significant landslide event induced by Typhoon Haitang in 2005 was reported by [PERSON] et al. [15], therefore, the SPOT5 satellite images captured before and after the typhoon were used to map the landslide areas. [PERSON] and other researchers [6; 21; 22] proposed the geomorphological features of the deep-seated landslide including: (1.) a crown with tension cracks; (2.) a main scarp; (3.) related slide blocks; (4.) a minor scarp; (5.) a main body; (6.) transverse tension cracks; and (7.) a toe bulge. These geomorphological features have been used for identifying deep-seated landslides with the main scrap being the most important feature [23; 24; 25; 26]. The main scarp can be observed as a shadowed lineament on the remote sensing images suggesting ground subsidence caused by the scarp. The lineaments and topography exhibiting matching characteristics are identified as scarps of deep-seated landslides. The comparisons of the SPOT5 images before and after the typhoon event showed the topographic and ground variations caused by the landslide, which were compared to the geomorphological features of deep-seated landslide and locations of scarp were mapped accordingly. The SPOT5 image after the event with the mapped scarp was then overlaid with DTM5 three-dimensionally to accentuate the topographic variations. The image was inspected from different aspects three-dimensionally, which finalized mapping of the scarp and the deep-seated landslide. [PERSON] et al. [26] utilized slope map derived from DTM for mapping of the geomorphological features of landslide, which accentuated the curvature of topographic variation. Thus, further validation was conducted by overlaying the SPOT5 image with mapped scarp on the slope map derived from DTM5 to observe the matching characteristics.  
For mapping of the geological structure, the high resolution UAV mounted LiDAR DTMH was used. [PERSON] et al. defined a lineament as a simple, or composite linear feature of a surface that could be mapped [27]. [PERSON] et al. [28] proposed that the lineaments could be joints, faults, and shear zones that might affect the landslides. The DTMH provides detailed topographic variations for mapping of such lineaments. In this study, the shaded relief from DTMH obtained at eight different azimuth angles was used to locate the lineaments of geological structure of the terrain following the method by [PERSON] et al. [26; 29]. The azimuth angle was measured from north in the clockwise direction. Figure 4 illustrates the lineament mapping process using the shaded relief at eight different azimuth angles: 0\({}^{\circ}\), 45\({}^{\circ}\), 90\({}^{\circ}\), 135\({}^{\circ}\), 180\({}^{\circ}\), 225\({}^{\circ}\), 270\({}^{\circ}\), and 315\({}^{\circ}\), with a light incidence angle of 45\({}^{\circ}\). As shown in Figure 4, the shadow of the lineaments suggesting ground subsidence was observed and marked with yellow dash lines on the main slope face in the shaded relief at the azimuth angles of 0\({}^{\circ}\), 90\({}^{\circ}\), 270\({}^{\circ}\), and 315\({}^{\circ}\); and the shadow of the lineaments marked with purple dash lines was observed on the opposite slope face at the azimuth angles of 0\({}^{\circ}\), 135\({}^{\circ}\), 180\({}^{\circ}\), and 225\({}^{\circ}\). The lineaments found from different azimuth angles shaded relief were summarized and edited to determine the final locations of the geological structures. The three-dimensional shaded relief map derived from DTMH with the mapped lineaments was then inspected from different aspects for validation of the mapped results. Ground investigations were conducted to further validate the mapped geological structures, and the out-crops of the geological structures were located with specimens taken at the site.