## 6 Simulation Results
Figure 10: Transient analysis result for BP filter: (**a**) VM MISO and (**b**) CM MISO configurations. Figure 4:0 Quality factor tuning for CM BP filter. The reduction in the frequency of the filter due to the increase in temperature can be ascribed to the decrease in the transconductance of the OTA. The major factors affecting the transconductance are carrier mobility (\(\mu\)) and threshold voltage (\(V_{t}\)). The carrier mobility dependence on temperature can be modeled by Equation (38):  
Figure 4:1  
where \(\alpha_{\mu}\) stands for the mobility temperature exponent, it is considered constant roughly equal to 1.5. The threshold voltage \(V_{t}\) can be approximated as a linear function of temperature [56; 57] given by Equation (39):  
Figure 4:2  
here, \(\alpha_{V_{t}}\) denotes the threshold voltage temperature coefficient, which varies from \(-1\) mV/\({}^{\circ}\)C to \(-4\) mV/\({}^{\circ}\)C and \(T_{\text{O}}\) is the reference temperature (300 K). These two Equations exhibit negative temperature dependence and this correlates with the decrease in the filter frequency with temperature as observed in Figure 4:3 The effect of noise on the performance of the proposed filter is also analyzed. The thermal and flicker noise are present in the bulk CMOS devices, and they effect the performance of the designed filter. Figure 14 gives the plot of the input and output noise for the BP VM filter configuration. At the pole frequency of the filter the input and output noises are found to be 36.2 nV/\(\sqrt{\text{Hz}}\) and 36.48 nV/\(\sqrt{\text{Hz}}\), respectively. It can be seen from the figure that the input and output noise are well within the acceptable limits. To verify the CM SIMO filter, it is designed with the exact specifications of the MISO filter. The frequency responses of the filter are shown in Figure 4:4  
Figure 4:5 Monte Carlo analysis results: (**a**) BP of VM MISO, (**b**) AP of CM MISO configurations. Figure 4:6 Total harmonic distortion results: (**a**) VM-LP, VM-HP, and VM-BP, (**b**) CM-LP and CM-BP. The Monte Carlo analysis results for the designed CM BP filter response are presented in Figure 4:7 The frequency response and the static variations in the designed frequency are under acceptable limits. To highlight the advantages of the designed filter, it is compared with some exemplary designs of mixed-mode filters, as shown in Figure 4:8 By analyzing the comparison table, it can be observed that the proposed filter structure holds certain advantages over the other similar designs and also performs at par with other designs in terms of power dissipation, supply voltage, and total harmonic distortion, in addition to being the first truly mixed-mode filter based on the VDBA. The authors would like to point out that the recently reported VDBA-based mixed-mode filter designs [54; 58] are not truly mixed-mode as they cannot provide all five filter responses in all four modes of operation. Furthermore, in [58] the output currents are not available from high-impedance nodes; hence extra current followers will be needed to extract the currents. Figure 4:9 Transient response of the CM SIMO Filter: LP, HP, and BP. Figure 5:0 Total harmonic distortion of CM SIMO filter: CM-HP, CM-LP, and CM-BP. Figure 5:1 Monte Carlo analysis of CM SIMO Filter: (**a**) the results and (**b**) the corresponding histogram.