## 2 Methodology  
We obtained the data to be presented below during post-event field surveys in the earthquake-affected East Anatolia. The first field survey was conducted shortly after the generation of the major shocks, from 6 to 11 February, when collapse debris were moved and urgent demolitions were carried out in order to facilitate search and rescue operations and hazard mitigation. The second field survey was implemented two months after the generation of the major shocks, from 31 March to 6 April, when the recovery phase had started and included actions such as the demolition of dilapidated and severely damaged buildings, establishment and operation of debris disposal sites and removal of debris from the earthquake-affected area. In terms of the authors' involvement in the disaster-affected area, [PERSON] visited the area shortly after the 6 February 2023 earthquakes as President of the Earthquake Planning and Protection Organization (EPPO, OASP in Greek) and a member of the Greek Search and Rescue (SAR) mission, which immediately responded to the Turkish government's request for immediate assistance. The Greek SAR operation included special disaster response teams, Hellenic Fire Service officers and engineers, medics and rescuers from the National Emergency Response Centre, and the EPPO's President [16]. The Greek SAR team worked in the Antkaya district of Hatay province, which is located in the southwestern section of the damaged area. SAR activities in the region resulted in the rescue of five persons and the retrieval of five unconscious people from the rubble [16]. The other authors, [PERSON], [PERSON], [PERSON], and [PERSON], visited the earthquake-affected area as part of the research mission of the Department of Geology and Geo-environment of the National and Kapodistrian University of Athens [12]. During fieldwork, we visited all the affected provinces with emphasis on the largely affected urban centers and their surrounding areas in order to realize where and how the very large amount of collapse and demolition debris will be disposed of during recovery and restoration. In this context, we identified fully operational disposal sites in four of the most affected provinces in the southeastern part of Turkey. These sites and their surrounding area were mapped by applying innovative methodologies first in the field and then back in the laboratory. The former involved the deployment of Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS) comprising drones and the latter remote sensing. Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS) offer significant potential for effective debris management [17], which could bring the management and safety of these sites to different levels. In the frame of this study in devastated southeastern Turkey, the drones deployed at the earthquake debris disposal sites provided a quick and convenient way for their on-site recognition in the most earthquake-affected provinces of southeastern Turkey and analysis of their location. Furthermore, they contributed to the analysis of the spatial properties not only of the studied sites but also the surrounding elements of the natural and built environment. We identified the extent and the borders of the disposal sites, the type of earthquake debris, and the main debris management actions including crushing of concrete and sorting the iron of the building reinforcement among others. We also detected the type of the surrounding natural habitats and residential areas that are most likely to be adversely affected by debris management. As regards compliance with the international standards and best practices for debris treatment and disposal, the unmanned aerial photo imaging helped to assess the technological and environmental safety not only in the disposal sites but also in several segments of the urban and rural road network used for debris transport. We used imagery acquired by the Planetscope satellite constellation [18], which was kindly offered for our research through the online explore platform.