## 3 Results
### Preference Index  
In our research, we devised three preference questions, each reflecting a distinct aspect: Overall Preference, Reading Experience, and Brightness. The responses to these queries underscore their unique contributions, demonstrating the distinct preferences between electronic and paper reading in a controlled experimental setting. However, distinguishing \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{l l l l l l l} \hline \hline
**D2 Test Results** & **Source** & **SS** & **df** & **MS** & **F** & \(p\) \\ \hline TN-E & illuminance & 5891,646 & 3 & 1963.882 & 0.964 & 0.410 \\  & CCT & 5222.252 & 2 & 2611.126 & 1.282 & 0.279 \\  & Readingtype & 1390.597 & 1 & 1390.597 & 0.683 & 0.409 \\  & illuminance * CCT & 35,194.821 & 6 & 5865.804 & 2.879 & _0.009 ** \\  & illuminance * Readingtype & 5347.565 & 3 & 1782.522 & 0.875 & 0.454 \\  & CCT * Readingtype & 2660.394 & 2 & 1330.197 & 0.653 & 0.521 \\  & illuminance * CCT * Readingtype & 12,627.233 & 6 & 2104.539 & 1.033 & 0.403 \\ E1 & illuminance & 42,970 & 3 & 14,323 & 0.097 & 0.961 \\  & CCT & 50,040 & 2 & 25,020 & 0.170 & 0.844 \\  & Readingtype & 6,669 & 1 & 6,669 & 0.045 & 0.832 \\  & illuminance * CCT & 1752.546 & 6 & 292.091 & 1.985 & _0.067 *_ \\  & illuminance * Readingtype & 9,984 & 3 & 3,328 & 0.023 & 0.995 \\  & CCT * Readingtype & 37819 & 2 & 18,909 & 0.128 & 0.879 \\  & illuminance * CCT * Readingtype & 227.323 & 6 & 37,887 & 0.257 & 0.956 \\ E2 & illuminance & 1.294 & 3 & 0.431 & 0.944 & 0.420 \\  & CCT & 0.298 & 2 & 0.149 & 0.326 & 0.722 \\  & Readingtype & 11.993 & 1 & 11,993 & 26.241 & 0.000 * \\  & illuminance * CCT & 2.149 & 6 & 0.358 & 0.784 & 0.583 \\  & illuminance * Readingtype & 0.652 & 3 & 0.217 & 0.475 & 0.700 \\  & CCT * Readingtype & 0.623 & 2 & 0.311 & 0.682 & 0.507 \\  & illuminance * CCT * Readingtype & 2.266 & 6 & 0.378 & 0.826 & 0.550 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}  
* Significance levels are set at \(p<0.05\)
* and \(p<0.01\)**. Results with a significance level have been marked and italicized.  
\end{table} 
Table 6: 3—way ANOVA test of d2 test results. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{l c c c c c c c c c c c} \hline \hline  & & \multicolumn{4}{c}{**Digital Reading**} & \multicolumn{4}{c}{**Paper Reading**} \\
**Spectrum** & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**TN-E**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**E1**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**E2**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**TN-E**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**E1**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**E2**} \\  & **M** & **SD** & **M** & **SD** & **M** & **SD** & **M** & **SD** & **M** & **SD** & **M** & **SD** \\ \hline SPD1 & 615.31 & 50.76 & 14.00 & 16.23 & 0.00 & 0.00 & 610.85 & 55.31 & 11.85 & 9.89 & 0.46 & 0.78 \\ SPD2 & 642.80 & 24.42 & 8.47 & 13.48 & 0.07 & 0.26 & 636.47 & 24.03 & 9.93 & 8.74 & 0.47 & 0.74 \\ SPD3 & 642.87 & 18.11 & 11.67 & 18.15 & 0.07 & 0.26 & 635.47 & 17.85 & 12.67 & 10.53 & 0.27 & 0.59 \\ SPD4 & 645.94 & 18.77 & 6.38 & 14.79 & 0.00 & 0.00 & 643.53 & 20.15 & 5.00 & 4.00 & 0.07 & 0.26 \\ SPD5 & 640.44 & 26.62 & 8.31 & 14.01 & 0.00 & 0.00 & 624.60 & 48.47 & 6.93 & 9.57 & 0.20 & 0.41 \\ SPD6 & 625.06 & 36.76 & 10.19 & 13.81 & 0.06 & 0.25 & 615.53 & 41.69 & 12.53 & 10.43 & 0.47 & 0.92 \\ SPD7 & 592.06 & 154.49 & 11.06 & 12.97 & 0.00 & 0.00 & 634.19 & 22.60 & 10.56 & 12.30 & 0.50 & 1.21 \\ SPD8 & 646.79 & 16.96 & 8.79 & 15.96 & 0.00 & 0.00 & 643.13 & 19.60 & 7.73 & 6.67 & 0.20 & 0.56 \\ SPD9 & 636.60 & 30.66 & 8.53 & 13.51 & 0.00 & 0.00 & 625.40 & 39.08 & 11.53 & 9.20 & 0.27 & 0.59 \\ SPD10 & 648.60 & 13.54 & 6.93 & 12.56 & 0.00 & 0.00 & 643.40 & 16.54 & 5.80 & 4.71 & 0.53 & 0.74 \\ SPD11 & 646.44 & 15.76 & 7.63 & 13.51 & 0.00 & 0.00 & 638.73 & 25.01 & 8.33 & 7.67 & 0.80 & 2.31 \\ SPD12 & 631.25 & 30.48 & 10.94 & 14.36 & 0.00 & 0.00 & 616.13 & 43.82 & 13.20 & 10.29 & 0.27 & 0.59 \\ Total & 633.98 & 54.72 & 9.42 & 14.23 & 0.02 & 0.13 & 630.86 & 34.18 & 9.65 & 9.13 & 0.37 & 0.95 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 5: Results of d2 test. between these two reading modes in practical situations proves challenging. To address this, we aggregated the scores from all six questions to formulate an overall preference index.