# Quaternary Segmentation Characteristics of the Hunhe Fault, Northeast China
## 3 Methods  
### Remote Sensing Interpretation  
Multidisciplinary data integration enables the identification and reconstruction of geological and geomorphological features [26]. High-resolution remote sensing information processing and interpretation are conducted for the entire distribution of the Mishan-Dunhua fault in Liaoning Province (Hunhe fault), extending eastward across the Chifeng-Kaiyuan fault to study the Jilin section of the Mishan-Dunhua fault. The remote sensing interpretation consists of two main aspects: first, a macro interpretation and analysis of the Hunhe fault, alongside necessary studies of regional fault systems closely related to fault structural evolution, spatial distribution, and activity, such as the Chifeng-Kaiyuan fault and the Yilan-Yitong fault; second, detailed interpretation and analysis of the different segments of the Hunhe fault, which have developed variably, and their associated geological structures, supported by field verification and surveys. Through remote sensing analysis, geological and geomorphological information related to faulting based on satellite remote sensing data are obtained, and preliminary quantitative data on the location, scale, and structure of the fault are determined. This helps to identify the characteristics of active faults, providing a basis for further identification of fault activity and segmentation.  
The high-resolution remote sensing information processing and interpretation focus on the Hunhe fault zone and its associated structures, including the Xiahada fault, the Suzihe fault, the eastern extension of the Chifeng-Kaiyuan fault, and the Jilin section of the Mishan-Dunhua fault, using satellite remote sensing images. Processing is performed at different scales using Google Earth (with a resolution of up to sub-meter) and LANDSAT-7 ETM+ satellite imagery (with a resolution of 15-30 m). By employing digital satellite remote sensing image processing technology, linear image textures, structural features, and color variations characteristic of active faults are analyzed in conjunction with topographical, geomorphological, and geological data to obtain detailed planar distributions of faulted geological bodies or geomorphological units along the Hunhe fault zone and relevant structures, as well as to determine displacement properties and magnitudes. Emphasis is placed on significant geological and geomorphological phenomena, with each linear fault image verified in the field. Through remote sensing interpretation, the position and distribution of the Hunhe fault zone are initially determined along with its geometric characteristics, and fault (micro)geomorphology and active fault characteristics are identified, leading to preliminary determinations of kinematic data for active faults.  
Based on existing research and results from high-resolution remote sensing interpretation, a detailed geological and geomorphological survey and study of the Hunhe fault zone are conducted using large-scale geographic base maps. This involves actual verification and analysis of previously held understandings of the Hunhe fault zone and the data obtained from remote sensing interpretation to establish geological and geomorphological forms and lithological conditions, identifying macroscopic geomorphological changes along the fault zone and the associated fault (micro)geomorphology. This analysis aims to evaluate and determine the fault distribution, scale, and structure, ultimately providing some identification opinions regarding fault activity.