## 3 Proposed Network Model and the Problem Formulation  
This section describes the assumptions for modelling the network followed by the cluster head selection. Subsequently, the inter and intra cluster communication is described. The objective of the proposed protocol depends on the selection of the CH and the reconfiguration of the network fused with the mobile sink. The mobile sink node subsequently gathers the data from each cluster head node in the wireless sensor network's intelligent monitoring system after the sensor monitoring node sends the data to each cluster head node. Following the data dissemination, the analysis is carried out at the remote center, via the cloud and the IoT device gateway, to provide the proper service. The majority of the routing algorithms emphasize enhancing the sensor network's QoS (quality of service) performance at the expense of the processing time. As a result, a considerable quantity of energy would be used during the prolonged processing period required to select the ideal approach. Batteries would be depleting as the routing requests grew and took longer to process, owing to the complexity of the routing algorithm, which would become actually responsible for powering the sensors. Due to this, the network's performance is hampered, in terms of the data throughput and the communication time between the end nodes; consequently, alternate route is considered. In order to prevent dead nodes, which ultimately result in hotspot issues, especially during the data communication time, the routes should be chosen to run across the nodes with the cluster heads that appear to have a greater energy. To combat this, the mobile sinks and the regular position advertisements are used. The ring routing management is organized as the intermediary nodes that are simple for the sink and the nodes to contact, in order to pass on the location information. The network actually runs quite quickly and efficiently. Despite the ring routing protocol's emphasis on routing in [27], the energy hole problem develops during the multi-hop communication when the nodes closer to the sink consume more energy because of heavy relay traffic. Ring routing is an effective protocol, because the ring structure is simple to access and the hotspot mitigation technique has little overhead. The fast data transfer is made possible by the simple and quick acquisition of the additional sink location information from the ring [28]. However, the cost of the first ring construction is expected to be significant for larger or sparse networks. The proposed protocol is based on the following assumptions:  
1. The sensor network is a heterogeneous model [29] with a different energy distribution for the sensor nodes and sinks;
2. The placements of the sensor nodes themselves are known. Based on the deployment region, the localization may use a local or global geographic coordinate system;
3. The initial position of the sink node is at the center of the network. However, when the target region is far away from the sink node, it becomes mobile with the controlled mobility model and the greedy geographic routing;
4. The ring advertisement nodes are the one-hop or two-hop neighbour of the sink node. The frequent sink advertisement is conveyed to the cluster heads using the multihop fashion, assuming the cluster heads are available, with at least two in each quadrant;
5. The structure always encloses the sink node, allowing the ordinary nodes and the sink to access the ring, and vice versa. All sensor nodes must initially have a consistent understanding of the coordinates of a sink node. Prior to the deployment, the sensors' memory can be filled with the sink node, which need not be precise. The heterogeneous wireless sensor network is constructed with a different energy distribution for the remote nodes, the cluster head or the advanced node and the sink node [30]. Based on the above-mentioned assumptions, the initial position of the mobile sink node is set at the middle of the sensor field.