Organizational Factors That Drive to BIM Effectiveness: Technological Learning, Collaborative Culture, and Senior Management Support  
[PERSON]  
1 Design Engineering Department, Polytechnic School, University of Seville, 41011 adoption has significantly increased around the globe, particularly in developed countries, over the past years [15]. Among the BIM benefits, the following are highlighted: (1) improving the effectiveness and accuracy of existing conditions' documentation [16]; (2) simplifying design reviews leading to a sustainable design [17]; (3) enhancing energy efficiency [3]; (4) resolving design clashes earlier through visualizing the model [18]; and (5) enabling a faster and more accurate cost estimation [17]\". Nowadays, design projects in Spain are slowly and gradually starting to use BIM technology despite technological barriers not having been overcome by many companies in the AEC sector [19]. The main barriers that impede BIM technology acceptance are as follows: legal and intellectual property issues [20], cultural reasons and resistance to change [21], lack of the collaboration between those involved in the projects [22], lack of training [23], and problems with software and hardware [24]. Therefore, BIM acceptance and adoption is a complex phenomenon, affected by multiple industry-specific variables and remains an unsolved issue [25]. The literature evidences that AEC companies who adopt BIM improve their final project design, making them more competitive [3,4,15]. This study is focused on AEC companies who design projects with BIM as well as assessing how certain organizational factors can influence BIM effectiveness. The purpose is to provide empirical evidence that the effectiveness of BIM in project design teams is influenced by organizational cultures fostered by top management support. In this regard, this study focuses on assessing the organizational factors that could influence BIM technology effectiveness in AEC companies. The technological capabilities are abilities required for the effective use of technological knowledge [26]. BIM is a tool for designing projects with different technological capabilities: virtual vision (3D), planning (4D), costs (5D), energy simulation (6D), and facility maintenance (7D). BIM is a technology that allows the integration of project information. AEC companies that carry out projects with BIM use it for different purposes. On the other hand, effectiveness is the ability to achieve the desired result. Therefore, in this research, the effectiveness of BIM is defined as the ability to properly use BIM by project teams for the objectives set. In this study, the term \"team members\" refers to the company staff who work with BIM technology, and the term \"project agents\" includes the participants in the project who can use BIM information. Key organizational factors included in this study are as follows: support offered by senior management, collaborative culture fostered by senior management and the encouragement of technological learning, and factors relating to the application of BIM methodology. This way, senior management in different companies who have adopted BIM technology show that, by encouraging certain organizational factors, it is possible to improve BIM technology effectiveness in engineering project designs. More specifically, this study aims to provide answers to the following research questions for companies that have adopted BIM:  
1. What are the links between senior management support, collaborative culture, technological learning, and BIM technology effectiveness? 2. How does senior management support influence BIM technology effectiveness in the presence of relationships between the aforementioned variables? Therefore, the goal of this research is to examine the impact that certain organizational factors, encouraged by senior management, have on BIM effectiveness in AEC companies who design their projects with BIM.