# An Optimized Genetic Algorithm-Based Wavelet Image Fusion Technique for PCB Detection
## 4 Experiment Results and Discussion
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Testing** & **RSD** & **PSNR** & **SF** & **Image Clarity** \\ \hline Test1-pcnn & 1.0436 & 25.2648 & 76.8715 & 283.8339 \\ Test1-pixel & 0.53968 & 12.3961 & 151.9143 & 1009.5947 \\ Test1-enhanced & 1 & 123.239 & 112.036 & 292.1254 \\ Test2-pcnn & 1.0344 & 30.8631 & 52.361 & 235.1239 \\ Test2-pixel & 0.66872 & 12.3547 & 214.3243 & 1579.4983 \\ Test2-enhanced & 1 & 105.5136 & 41.3933 & 183.1299 \\ Test3-pcnn & 0.98147 & 20.6539 & 567.7331 & 2543.2436 \\ Test3-pixel & 0.57115 & 11.5747 & 433.7942 & 3174.5184 \\ Test3-enhanced & 0.97342 & 23.656 & 477.058 & 1958.1544 \\ Test4-pcnn & 1.0415 & 28.3053 & 25.6012 & 56.7975 \\ Test4-pixel & 0.55526 & 15.4697 & 64.3871 & 491.5934 \\ Test4-enhanced & 1 & 114.7225 & 22.7556 & 38.648 \\ Test5-pcnn & 0.5114 & 11.9283 & 102.1155 & 915.6302 \\ Test5-pixel & 0.85461 & 23.1537 & 10.5997 & 140.6647 \\ Test5-enhanced & 1 & 120.192 & 12.4773 & 160.055 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 2: Comparison of image fusion for PCNN, pixel and the proposed method. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Name** & **RSD** & **PSNR** & **SF** & **Image Clarity** \\ \hline Pixel & 0.65176 & 14.182 & 15,003.6267 & 2835.5546 \\ Traditional method & 1.0058 & 32.2585 & 14,792.8102 & 978.6103 \\ PCNN & 1.0906 & 26.4838 & 17,739.3792 & 1080.2649 \\ PCA & 1.006 & 32.1594 & 14,800.5607 & 982.0337 \\ CVT & 1.0171 & 28.6622 & 17,403.4301 & 1646.0088 \\ Proposed & 1 & 124.5946 & 15,101.3567 & 1022.9067 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 3: Comparison of image fusion for pixel, tradition, PCNN, PCA, CVT and proposed method. and detailed information compared to the PCNN method, particularly excelling in edge and texture detail representation. The Test-enhanced method also achieves consistently high image clarity, particularly in Test1-enhanced, whose image clarity equals 292.1254, and Test5-enhanced, whose image clarity equals 160.055, highlighting its effectiveness in enhancing image sharpness. Higher image clarity signifies more distinct details and improved visual perception, allowing for a better presentation of fine features and contours. Consequently, while the Test-enhanced method generally improves image clarity, it may not always result in an overall perceptual improvement in clarity across all images. Therefore, despite its success in many cases, the method's ability to consistently enhance image clarity may vary depending on the specific fusion context and image properties. Therefore, for many application scenarios, the Test-enhanced method provides a high-quality fusion solution, making it an ideal choice for improving image quality and sharpness. For further extension of our proposed method, extra experiments have been performed in Figure 3.  
The proposed method outperforms other methods in multiple metrics, especially in terms of PSNR reaching 124.5946, far exceeding all other methods, indicating that its fused images have extremely high signal-to-noise ratio and fidelity. Meanwhile, its RSD is 1, which is lower than PCNN, CVT, and PCA, demonstrating better grayscale stability. In terms of SF, the proposed method achieved 15,101.3567, although not as good as PCNN and CVT, it is still relatively high and can effectively preserve the detailed information of the image. In addition, its Image Clarity is 1022.9067, which is better than in traditional method and PCA, and second only to CVT and PCNN, showing good performance. Overall, the proposed method performs outstandingly in terms of PSNR and achieves excellent levels in other key indicators, making it particularly suitable for application scenarios that require extremely high fusion quality. Subsequently, the proposed method was applied to a more practical scenario involving the detection of temperature anomalies in components on printed circuit boards (PCBs). During PCB operation, components may malfunction, especially when the circuit input is subjected to external excitation.