## 1 Introduction  
Driving behavior plays a critical role in ensuring road safety and efficient traffic flow. As a fundamental aspect of a driver's behavior, understanding how drivers navigate roundabouts is of paramount importance. Roundabouts provide a safe and efficient alternative to traditional intersections, reducing congestion and improving traffic flow [1]. However, the effectiveness of roundabouts depends heavily on driver compliance with traffic rules and regulations, particularly regarding turn signal usage, lane change behavior, and correct lane usage. This study aims to investigate and compare these key driver behaviors in signalized and non-signalized roundabouts in Qatar. The need for this study arises from the lack of inclusive research specifically focusing on driver behavior within signalized and non-signalized roundabouts in Qatar. Enhancing our understanding of how drivers interact with roundabouts will not only contribute to our knowledge of their behavior but also provide understanding for traffic engineers and policymakers. While studies have addressed driver behavior in roundabouts, the unique traffic conditions, cultural factors, and rapid urban development in Qatar present a distinct context that warrants targeted investigation [2]. Previous research has demonstrated various benefits and criticalities associated with different types of road intersections. For instance, studies have shown that signalized roundabouts can improve traffic management by providing clear indications to drivers, thus reducing confusion and enhancing safety in high-demand situations [3]. However, these benefits can be offset by increased delays and the complexity of driver decision-making [4]. On the other hand, non-signalized roundabouts, while promoting smoother traffic flow, can pose significant challenges to driver comprehension, necessitating additional traffic calming measures to ensure safety [5]. These findings underscore the importance of context-specific studies, such as the one presented here, to understand how these global insights apply within the unique traffic environment of Qatar. By examining turn signal usage, lane change behavior, and correct lane usage, areas where driver compliance may be lacking can be identified, leading to potential safety hazards and traffic disruptions. This study will contribute to the existing body of knowledge on driver behavior in roundabouts, furthering our understanding of the influence of different factors on driver decision-making. Although specific statistical data on car accidents in Qatar in relation to roundabouts are currently unavailable, information from the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) region can provide some insights. In the Emirate of Abu Dhabi, an analysis was conducted on 2008 intersection crashes that occurred between 2012 and 2017. The findings revealed that out of these incidents, 1214 crashes (60.45% of the total) transpired at signalized intersections, while 794 crashes (39.55% of the total) occurred at roundabouts [6]. Notably, fatalities were reported in 7% of the roundabout crashes, whereas 3.7% of the crashes at signalized intersections resulted in fatalities. It is important to note that these findings from Abu Dhabi contrast with several international studies, which typically report lower fatality rates at roundabouts compared to signalized intersections due to reduced conflict points and lower vehicle speeds [7; 8]. The higher fatality rate at roundabouts, in this case, may be influenced by local factors such as driver behavior, roundabout design, or enforcement practices. Further comparison with global studies and local investigations is recommended to understand the factors contributing to this deviation from common trends. Previous research has shown that driver behavior at roundabouts is significantly influenced by psychotechnical parameters such as critical gaps and follow-up times [9].