## 3 Results and Discussion
#### 3.1.2 Wearable Devices  
Wearable devices have become a crucial component of the Internet of Things (IoT), especially within smart healthcare systems. This category includes technologies like smart clothing, wristwear, and medical wearables that excel in data processing and offer IoT services tailored to users. The current wearable market is driven by applications centered on health, safety, interaction, tracking, identity, and fitness. Wearables effectively integrate users into the IoT ecosystem by seamlessly merging the physical and digital worlds [80]. Regarding wristbands, in one study [63], a set of wristbands was designed with a watch-like style, focusing solely on data collection and presentation, without performing any analysis. The design of wearable devices based on ARM was described in [81]; another wristband was specifically designed for elderly individuals with a system that could alert \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{p{113.8 pt} p{113.8 pt} p{113.8 pt} p{113.8 pt}} \hline \hline
**Research Domain** & **Methodology and Sensors Used** & **Applications** & **Novelty** & **References** \\ \hline Smart home health systems & IoT, ESP266, ESP32, ATMega microcontrollers, sensors for vital signs & Smart home health monitoring, activity recognition & Integration of IoT into home health systems, AI for activity detection, low-cost solutions & [34; 35; 36; 37; 41; 42] \\ \hline Home care and elderly assistants & IoT, AI, cameras, sensors (heart rate, SPO2, body temperature), Raspberry Pi Pico, wearable sensors, LiFi, radar, RFID & Patient health monitoring, fall detection, smart matters for sleep monitoring, real-time movement monitoring & Non-intrusive, comprehensive health monitoring, low-cost smart matters for heart rate and respiration, AI integration for fall detection & [29; 33; 38; 39; 40; 41; 52; 53; 75] \\ \hline IoT health monitoring systems & Wearable sensors (ECG, respiration, pulse wave, bioimpedance), ZigBee, millimeter-wave radar, cloud computing, AI & Remote health monitoring, fail detection, vital sign monitoring, geriatric health monitoring & Integration of IoT, AI, and cloud computing for real-time health monitoring & [62; 63; 64; 65; 66; 67; 68; 69] \\ \hline Remote monitoring and smart medicine & Wearable devices, AI, mobile apps, sensors (heart rate, BP, ECG), deep learning, ThingSpeak platform, cloud computing, AI, and cloud integration & Medication adherence, real-time health monitoring, chronic management, fall detection, smart AI, and cloud integration & [77; 78; 79; 80; 81; 82; 83; 84; 85; 86; 87; 88] \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 2: Summary of research for the intelligent home category. nearby caregivers in case of emergencies or when health metrics become unstable [82]. The authors of [8] combined humanized design principles to create a wearable smart bracelet tailored to the elderly; moreover, a wearable device with a physiological parameter measurement system was integrated into a health bracelet terminal [83]. Regarding the design of wearables, a multimodal real-time health monitoring device was described in [84]; additionally, in [62], the proposed system consisted of vital sign sensors integrated into a glove and a mobile application known as the Granny Watch, which gathers heart rate measurements, blood oxygenation, the environmental temperature, the atmospheric pressure, and fall detection. Others include Vitality TM, which is designed to be worn on the upper chest [85]; a wearable LTE-connected device for the monitoring of personal health and safety [86]; a novel space-omnidirectional wearable inertial switch for the monitoring of the elderly in daily life and principally for fall detection [87]; and an ionic conductive material called \"i-gluten\", described in [88], which is a promising material for the monitoring of elderly physical activity.