# Patient Safety Culture in Hospital Settings Across Continents: A Systematic Review
## 3 Result
### General Characteristics of the Reviewed Studies
#### 3.3.4 Hospital and Respondent Characteristics of the Reviewed Studies
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c c c c c c c} \hline \hline \multicolumn{1}{c}{**Characteristics of the**} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{**All**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**\%**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**Europe**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**\%**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**South**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**\%**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**North**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**America**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**\%**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**Africa**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**\%**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**Asia**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**\%**} \\ \multicolumn{1}{c}{**Review Studies**} & & & & & & & & & & & & \\ \hline \hline \multicolumn{11}{c}{**Participants Characteristics **} \\ \hline \multicolumn{11}{c}{**Job position**} \\ \hline Nurse & 262,693 & 38.5 & 25,233 & 66.5 & 3981 & 33.1 & 70,727 & 36 & 1443 & 39.4 & 161,309 & 37.3 \\ \hline Physicians & 63,185 & 9.3 & 5380 & 14.2 & 2298 & 19.1 & 7858 & 4 & 786 & 21.5 & 46,863 & 10.8 \\ \hline Manager & 22,947 & 3.4 & 2015 & 5.3 & 0 & 0.0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0.0 & 20,932 & 4.8 \\ \hline Administrators/Management & 18,014 & 2.6 & 227 & 0.6 & 649 & 5.4 & 13,752 & 7 & 10 & 0.3 & 3376 & 0.8 \\ \hline Other staff (Clinical and nonclinical) & 311,957 & 45.7 & 2539 & 6.7 & 5098 & 42.4 & 104,125 & 53 & 1180 & 32.2 & 199,015 & 46.1 \\ \hline Missing & 3446 & 0.5 & 2539 & 6.7 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 244 & 6.7 & 663 & 0.2 \\ \hline \multicolumn{11}{c}{**Education**} \\ \hline HS, Diploma, BC & \multirow{2}{*}{39,348} & \multirow{2}{*}{5.8} & \multirow{2}{*}{554} & \multirow{2}{*}{1.5} & \multirow{2}{*}{1185} & \multirow{2}{*}{9.9} & \multirow{2}{*}{0} & \multirow{2}{*}{1996} & \multirow{2}{*}{54.5} & \multirow{2}{*}{35,613} & \multirow{2}{*}{8.2} \\ and below *** & & & & & & & & & & & & \\ \hline Master or Ph.D. & 2739 & 0.4 & 0 & 0.0 & 446 & 3.7 & 0 & 0 & 130 & 3.5 & 2163 & 0.5 \\ \hline Missing & 640,155 & **93.8** & 37,379 & 98.5 & 10,395 & **86.4** & 196,462 & 100 & 1537 & 42.0 & 394,382 & **91.3** \\ \hline \multicolumn{11}{c}{**Gender**} \\ \hline Man & 23,790 & 3.5 & 5601 & 14.8 & 575 & 4.8 & 0 & 0 & 1245 & 34.0 & 16,369 & 3.8 \\ \hline Woman & 59,865 & 8.8 & 18,734 & 49.4 & 1982 & 16.5 & 0 & 0 & 1356 & 37.0 & 37,793 & 8.7 \\ \hline Missing & 598,587 & **87.7** & 13,598 & 35.8 & 9469 & **78.7** & 196,462 & 100 & 1062 & 29.0 & 377,996 & **87.5** \\ \hline \multicolumn{11}{c}{**Work hours**} \\ \hline
39\(\leq\) & 45,425 & 6.7 & 13,755 & 36.3 & 4285 & 35.6 & 0 & 0 & 492 & 13.4 & 26,893 & 6.2 \\ \hline
40+ & 337,707 & 49.5 & 12,928 & 34.1 & 5700 & 47.4 & 0 & 0 & 885 & 24.2 & 318,194 & 73.6 \\ \hline Missing & 299,110 & 43.8 & 11,250 & 29.7 & 2041 & 17.0 & 196,462 & 100 & 2286 & 62.4 & 87,071 & 20.1 \\ \hline \multicolumn{11}{c}{**Experience in a current work area**} \\ \hline \multicolumn{11}{c}{(\(<\)1)} & 62,662 & 9.2 & 113 & 0.3 & 1391 & 11.6 & 0 & 0 & 713.0 & 19.5 & 46,145 & 10.7 \\ \hline \multicolumn{11}{c}{(1–5)} & 208,768 & 30.6 & 3937 & 10.4 & 2749 & 22.9 & 0.0 & 0 & 914.0 & 25.0 & 186,868 & 43.2 \\ \hline \multicolumn{11}{c}{(6–10)} & 113,221 & 16.6 & 571 & 1.5 & 1682 & 14.0 & 0 & 0 & 572 & 15.6 & 96,096 & 22.2 \\ \hline \multicolumn{11}{c}{(11+)} & 104,386 & 15.3 & 13,065 & 34.4 & 3369 & 28.0 & 0 & 0 & 425 & 11.6 & 73,227 & 16.9 \\ \hline Missing & 193,205 & 28.3 & 20,247 & 53.4 & 2835 & 23.6 & 196,462 & 100 & 1039.0 & 28.4 & 29,822 & 6.9 \\ \hline \multicolumn{11}{c}{**Age**} \\ \hline
35\(\leq\) & 18,808 & 2.8 & 5746 & 15.1 & 313 & 2.6 & 0 & 0 & 1858 & 50.7 & 10,891 & 2.5 \\ \hline
35+ & 27,069 & 4.0 & 18,419 & 48.6 & 506 & 4.2 & 0 & 0 & 692 & 18.9 & 7452 & 1.7 \\ \hline Missing & 636,365 & **93.3** & 13,768 & 36.3 & 11,207 & **93.2** & 196,462 & 100 & 1113 & 30.4 & 413,815 & **95.8** \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}  
* Number of hospitals based on their type. ** Number of participants based on their characteristics. *** HS: High School and BC: Bachelor.  
\end{table} 
Table 3: _Cont._tal types, with 36 university hospitals (2.6%), 66 public/governmental hospitals (4.7%), 11 private hospitals (0.8%), eight acute/general hospitals (0.6%), and all 26 tertiary hospitals (1.9%).