## 3 Results and Discussion
Regardless of the soil amendments used in this investigation, variety TC significantly increased GSLs and consequently ITCs concentration upon the hydrolysis of GSLs in the roots, shoots, and total GSLs compared to the SQR and PTWG varieties (Figure 3). Accordingly, TC extracts have great potential for use as an alternative pest control agent to metam sodium, a common fungicide, due to its high GSL content. Hence, turnip varieties can be organized based on GSLs composition in the order of TC > SQR > PTWG. Figure 2: Overall average weight (n = 3) \(\pm\) standard deviation of turnip root (**A**), shoot (**B**), and weight of turnip plants (**C**) collected at harvest under seven soil treatments, regardless of turnip variety. Statistical differences were accompanied among seven soil treatments for each plant part or total weight. Bars with dissimilar letter(s) indicate significant variances at \(p\leq\) 0.05 using [PERSON]’s multiple range test in SAS [26]. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c} \hline \hline
**(A) PTWG** & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Glucosinolates, \(\mu\)g g\({}^{-1}\) Turnip Fresh Tissue**} \\
**Soil Treatment** & **Shoot** & **Root** & **Total** \\ \hline Sewage Sludge & 1481 \(\pm\) 17.1 a & 544 \(\pm\) 179.3 a & 2024 \(\pm\) 162.9 a \\ Chicken Manure & 903 \(\pm\) 59.1 a & 609 \(\pm\) 257.1 a & 1512 \(\pm\) 190.0 ab \\ Horse Manure & 1163 \(\pm\) 73.8 a & 454 \(\pm\) 378.9 a & 1616 \(\pm\) 391.9 ab \\ Vermicompost & 1024 \(\pm\) 81.8 a & 435 \(\pm\) 235.8 a & 1460 \(\pm\) 160.9 ab \\ Organic Fertilizer & 1272 \(\pm\) 55.1 a & 403 \(\pm\) 382.9 a & 1674 \(\pm\) 427.8 ab \\ Inorganic Fertilizer & 1260 \(\pm\) 107.5 a & 476 \(\pm\) 80.7 a & 1736 \(\pm\) 65.9 a \\ No Amendment Native Soil & 759 \(\pm\) 77.8 a & 160 \(\pm\) 155.2 b & 919 \(\pm\) 200.1 b \\ \hline \hline
**(B)SQR** & & & \\
**Soil Treatment** & **Shoot** & **Root** & **Total** \\ \hline Sewage Sludge & 654.2 \(\pm\) 141.3 a & 1782.9 \(\pm\) 286.4 a & 2437.0 \(\pm\) 145.7 ab \\ Chicken Manure & 1542.6 \(\pm\) 679.4 a & 2240.4 \(\pm\) 595.4 a & 3783.0 \(\pm\) 1274.8 a \\ Horse Manure & 828.6 \(\pm\) 36.6 a & 2037.2 \(\pm\) 620.3 a & 2865.8 \(\pm\) 613.4 ab \\ Vermicompost & 640.4 \(\pm\) 159.8 a & 1662.4 \(\pm\) 222.3 a & 2302.8 \(\pm\) 321.0 ab \\ Organic Fertilizer & 743.8 \(\pm\) 194.6 a & 2251.4 \(\pm\) 332.1 a & 2995.2 \(\pm\) 203.8 ab \\ Inorganic Fertilizer & 906.3 \(\pm\) 351.3 a & 1468.0 \(\pm\) 142.3 a & 2374.3 \(\pm\) 411.5 ab \\ No Amendment Native Soil & 758.2 \(\pm\) 117.4 a & 1480.9 \(\pm\) 46.8 a & 1745.5 \(\pm\) 424.6 b \\ \hline \hline
**(C) TC** & & & \\
**Soil Treatment** & **Shoot** & **Root** & **Total** \\ \hline Sewage Sludge & 4274 \(\pm\) 1072.5 a & 9637 \(\pm\) 1365.9 ab & 13911 \(\pm\) 338.5 ab \\ Chicken Manure & 3783 \(\pm\) 648.6 a & 5134 \(\pm\) 811.5 bc & 8917 \(\pm\) 167.3 c \\ Horse Manure & 4361 \(\pm\) 737.0 a & 7008 \(\pm\) 1151.5 abc & 11369 \(\pm\) 1882.9 abc \\ Vermicompost & 5074 \(\pm\) 1090.2 a & 6295 \(\pm\) 2552.3 bc & 11369 \(\pm\) 1600.6 abc \\ Organic Fertilizer & 3699 \(\pm\) 364.1 a & 7673 \(\pm\) 1761.5 abc & 11373 \(\pm\) 1405.6 abc \\ Inorganic Fertilizer & 4400 \(\pm\) 1137.4 a & 11576 \(\pm\) 972.7 a & 15976 \(\pm\) 2102.7 a \\ No Amendment Native Soil & 4687 \(\pm\) 345.1 a & 4399 \(\pm\) 627.5 c & 9086 \(\pm\) 411.2 bc \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular} The value represents averages of three replicates \(\pm\) standard error. Statistical analyses were conducted among the glucosinolate concentrations in the shoots, roots, and total amount in each of the three hurms varieties. Values accompanied by a different letter(s) in each plant part of total plant weight are statistically different at \(p\leq 0.05\).  
\end{table} 
Table 3: Concentrations of glucosinolates detected in turnip, _Brassica rap_ var. (A) Purple Top White Globe (PTWG), var. (B) Scarlet Queen Red (SQR), and var. (C) Tokyo Cross (TC) grown in different soil treatments.