## 3 Methodology
### Framework for SMS and SMIS
#### 3.1.1 Framework for a Newly Personalized Customization Factory
Artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) enable the system to analyze a vast amount of data from the factory floor, optimize processes, identify patterns, trends, and correlations, enable greater customization of products, and maintain high levels of quality and efficiency. Additive manufacturing, also known as 3D printing, helps to produce complex geometries with minimal waste and setup times. It is well-suited for the production of personalized products, as it can create unique products without the need for expensive molds or tooling. Robotics and automation deploy industrial robots and automated systems to perform repetitive tasks with high speed and precision, reducing labor tasks and minimizing errors. IoT and sensor networks help to gather and transmit real-time data from the factory floor, facilitating predictive maintenance, informing decision-making, and improving operational efficiency. Digital twin creates a virtual replica of the manufacturing process for real-time monitoring, analysis, and optimization. It helps to identify bottlenecks, predict equipment failures, and enhance efficiency by optimizing production parameters. Data analytics interprets and processes data from different sources, enabling data-driven decision-making. Visualization tools help decision-makers to better understand complex data and make informed choices accordingly. Cybersecurity has significant importance in the newly personalized customization factory. As the new factory relies heavily on data exchange and interconnected systems, a robust cybersecurity strategy is mandatory to protect sensitive and confidential information and maintain the integrity of the production process. Moreover, the security of different domains is essential to extend the framework as discussed below. 1. Physical security: The physical security of an IoT-enabled manufacturing system contains the following aspects. * Device hardening: The devices within the manufacturing system need to be physically robust, tamper-proof, and secure enclosures. It will prevent the system from intentional physical attacks and protect against environmental factors, such as moisture, dust, or temperature changes. * Physical access control: Robust access control mechanism is necessary to secure manufacturing facility access. It may contain biometric identification systems, key cards, access codes, and security personnel to limit access to authorized personnel only. In addition, data servers and sensitive equipment should be kept in safe and secure locations. * Device location and tracking: To prevent unauthorized removal, it is essential to have the physical locations of all devices within the manufacturing ecosystem. For that purpose, devices are engaged with GPSs or other tracking technologies to permit monitoring and tracking at any time. * Proper disposal and decommissioning: Devices that are not in use must be disposed of securely to avoid data leakage. * Monitoring and surveillance tools: Installing monitoring and surveillance tools, such as CCTV cameras, motion detectors, and intrusion detection sensors, enable the system to detect tampering with IoT devices and unauthorized access to the manufacturing facility. * Redundancy and resilience: A contingency plan must be available due to any physical attack to back up the critical system and data. 2. Application security: The application security of an IoT-enabled manufacturing system possesses the following aspects. * Secure coding practices: Secure coding practices must be implemented during application security development. These practices may include input validation, coding standards, proper error handling, and least privilege principles to lessen the effects of vulnerabilities caused by attackers. * Security testing and code reviews: Regular and comprehensive testing and code reviews must be conducted to identify security flaws, vulnerabilities, or design weaknesses in the applications.