## 1 Introduction  
Skeletal Class III malocclusion is characterized by maxillary retrusion, excessive mandibular growth (progenism) or both conditions. The therapy for skeletal Class III malocclusion depends on its severity and the patient's age. During childhood, an orthopedic approach using a maxillary expander and/or face-mask can manage the skeletal proportions. Modifying the bone bases using only an orthodontic treatment is usually impossible in adult patients with skeletal Class III. Indeed, the only purely orthodontic treatment is a compensatory approach through changing in teeth faciolingual inclinations. In particular, these dental movements modify the upper and lower teeth torque, buccally in the maxillary arch and lingually in the mandibular one. Previous studies investigated the torque variations obtained with clear aligners or fixed therapy in order to examine the efficacy of torque movement and the incidence of root resorption in the maxillary and mandibular teeth using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). The aligners can properly manage the tooth torque without relevant root length loss [1]. The external apical root resorption may be caused by multiple factors, which are correlated with orthodontic treatment and/or individual biologic variability. The incidence and severity of root length reduction is correlated with comprehensive fixed appliance therapies [2]. The treatment duration and the magnitude and direction of the applied force may modify the root length. Indeed, both heavy and intrusive forces, as well as a long treatment time, increase the risk of root resorption [3]. Moreover, the incidence of root resorption is higher in extraction cases due to greater anteroposterior apical root displacement [4]. Among patient-related factors, genetic predisposition, such as Turner syndrome, previous dental trauma, and systemic conditions related to medications or hormones may favor apical root resorption [5; 6]. Therefore, a proper management of orthodontic forces and a careful initial evaluation of individual predisposition should be considered in order to avoid or minimize external apical root resorption. Camouflage is possible in case of slight skeletal discrepancy, whereas orthognathic surgery is the only therapy that leads to the best aesthetic and functional outcomes in severe skeletal malocclusions [7]. Adult patients with skeletal Class III malocclusion account for a great proportion of those who undergo an orthognathic surgery. Therefore, case selection based on clinical evaluation and radiographic examination is essential for choosing the most predictable treatment between the two therapeutical options. Camouflage may exacerbate the excessive compensatory proclination of upper incisors with possible root resorptions [8]. When considering reasons for choosing orthognathic surgery as a treatment option, it is crucial to integrate \"Face-driven orthodontics\" principles along with [PERSON]'s cephalometric analysis. This approach emphasizes a thorough assessment of facial morphology and aesthetics to ensure optimal treatment outcomes. By combining these methodologies, clinicians can tailor the surgical plan to not only address functional issues but also enhance facial harmony and aesthetics. This comprehensive approach ensures that patients receive personalized treatment that considers both functional and aesthetic aspects, ultimately improving their quality of life. Facial morphology and aesthetics play a significant role in orthodontics and orthognathic surgery. Clinicians are urged not to base treatment only on cephalometric parameters but to deeply analyze facial soft tissue characteristics, especially in the lower third of the face. This approach, termed \"facially driven orthodontics\" by Dr. [PERSON], emphasizes integrating facial aesthetics into treatment planning. Previously, facial soft tissue data were acquired using 2D methods (latero-lateral cephalography), but now, with tridimensional face scanners, these data can be obtained more efficiently.