## 3 Physical and Mechanical Properties of the Natural Fibers
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Natural** & \begin{tabular}{c} **Physical** \\ **Appearance and** \\ **Texture** \\ \end{tabular} & \begin{tabular}{c} **Density** \\ **(g/cm\({}^{3}\))** \\ \end{tabular} & \begin{tabular}{c} **Diameter** \\ **(\(\mu\)m)** \\ \end{tabular} & \begin{tabular}{c} **Tensile** \\ **Strength** \\ **(MPa)** \\ \end{tabular} & \begin{tabular}{c} **Young’s** \\ **Modulus** \\ **(GPa)** \\ \end{tabular} & \begin{tabular}{c} **Elongation** \\ **at Break (\%)** \\ \end{tabular} & **Ref.** \\ \hline Coir & \begin{tabular}{c} White to brown, \\ coarse \\ \end{tabular} & \(1.15\) & \(100\)–\(450\) & \(131\)–\(175\) & \(4\)–\(6\) & \(4\)–\(6\) & [43; 48] \\ \hline Sugar palm & \begin{tabular}{c} Brown to black, \\ coarse-stiff \\ \end{tabular} & \(1.29\) & \(50\)–\(800\) & \(190.29\) & \(3.69\) & – & [49] \\ \hline Sugarcane \\ bagasse & - & \(0.33\) & \(67\)–\(312\) & \(222\) & \(27.1\) & – & [50] \\ \hline Nettle & - & \(0.72\) & \(15.5\)–\(24.3\) & \(1594\) & \(59\)–\(115\) & – & [18; 51] \\ \hline Saw dust & \begin{tabular}{c} Generally light \\ yellow to brown \\ (varies from trees), \\ particles \\ \end{tabular} & \(2.05\) (SG) & \(75\)–\(600\) & \(16\)–\(24\) & \(\begin{tabular}{c} \(0.2\times 10^{-3}\)- \\ \(0.36\times 10^{-3}\) \\ \end{tabular} & – & [52; 53; 54] \\ \hline Wood chips & \begin{tabular}{c} Generally light \\ yellow to brown \\ (varies from trees) \\ \end{tabular} & \(0.28\)–\(0.32\) & \(3000\)–\(16000\) & – & \(\begin{tabular}{c} \(0.25\times 10^{-3}\)- \\ \(0.33\times 10^{-3}\) \\ \end{tabular} & – & [54] \\ \hline Softwood & - & \(1.5\) & – & \(1000\) & \(0.04\) & \(4.4\) & [55] \\ \hline Flax Agatha & - & \(1.50\)–\(1.53\) & \(14.4\)–\(15.6\) & \(962\)–\(1800\) & \(46\)–\(96\) & – & [47] \\ \hline Ramie & - & \(1.51\) & \(34\) & \(400\)–\(968\) & \(60\)–\(128\) & \(3.6\)–\(3.8\) & [43; 47] \\ \hline Okra & - & – & \(61\)–\(93\) & \(184\)–\(557.3\) & \(8.9\)–\(11.8\) & \(4\)–\(8\) & [56] \\ \hline Agave & - & \(1.20\) & \(126\)–\(344\) & – & – & \(7.07\) & [56] \\ \hline Banana & - & \(1.35\) & \(50\)–\(250\) & \(600\) & \(17.85\) & \(3.36\) & [56] \\ \hline Sea grass & - & \(1.50\) & \(5\) & \(453\)–\(692\) & \(3.1\)–\(3.7\) & \(13\)–\(26.3\) & [56] \\ \hline Kenaf & \(1.3\) & – & \(233\) & \(40\)–\(53\) & \(1.8\) & [50; 57; 58] \\ \hline Cotton & \
\begin{tabular}{c} White, creamy \\ white, yellowish \\ white, fine \\ \end{tabular} & \(1.51\)–\(1.6\) & \(2\)–\(7\) & \(287\)–\(597\) & \(5.5\)–\(12.6\) & \(3\)–\(10\) & [43; 59] \\ \hline Luffa & - & \(0.82\) & \(25\)–\(60\) & \(385\) & \(12.2\) & – & [50] \\ \hline Banana & - & \(1.35\) & \(70\)–\(210\) & \(198.9\)–\(780.3\) & \(6.6\)–\(25.6\) & – & [60; 61; 62] \\ \hline Rice husk & Fine, grey & \(2.30\)–\(2.36\) &
\begin{tabular}{c} 45 Particle \\ size \\ \end{tabular} & – & – & – & [63] \\ \hline Coconnut coir & - & \(1.15\) & \(100\)–\(450\) & \(500\) & \(2.5\) & \(3.36\) & [55] \\ \hline Napier & - & \(0.36\) & – & \(73\) & \(5.68\) & \(1.4\) & [64] \\ \hline Bamboo & White yellow & \(0.51\)–\(0.72\) & \(21\)–\(26\) & \(225\) & \(17.2\) & \(3\) & [65; 66] \\ \hline Abaca & - & \(0.83\) & \(1.5\) & \(900\) & \(12\)–\(13.8\) & \(3\)–\(12\) & [55] \\ \hline Flax ariane & - & \(1.53\) & \(12\)–\(23.6\) & \(853\)–\(1825\) & \(43\)–\(73\) & \(1.2\)–\(3.2\) & [44; 47] \\ \hline Date & - & \(0.99\) & – & \(309\) & \(11.32\) & \(2.73\) & [56] \\ \hline Palmyrah & - & \(1.09\) & \(8\) & \(180\)–\(215\) & \(4.4\)–\(6.1\) & – & [49] \\ \hline Pineapple & \(1.07\)–\(1.50\) & \(20\)–\(80\) & \(413\)–\(1627\) & \(34.5\)–\(82.5\) & \(1.6\) & [50] \\ \hline Henequen & - & \(1.4\) & – & \(430\)–\(580\) & – & – & [24] \\ \hline Ramie & - & \(1.50\) & \(50\) & \(220\)–\(938\) & \(44\)–\(128\) & \(2\)-\(3.8\) & [56] \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 2: _Cont._