## 1 Introduction  
The current level of development of physical and electrical materials science, the theory of electrical processes and electrochemical technologies, and physical electronics and microelectronics require the creation of new types of dissimilar functional materials and their composites with predetermined structural parameters and properties for their use in various branches of science and technology as functional elements of devices and process systems in a wide range of fields (mechanical, electrical, magnetic, electromagnetic, and optical) and temperature effects [1; 2; 3; 4; 5]. Of special scientific and technical interest are materials operating in extreme conditions (low and ultra-low temperatures, high and ultra-high temperatures, strong electric and magnetic fields, intense coherent radiation, and high mechanical stresses) [1; 2; 4; 6; 7]. Achieving these materials requires complex theoretical and pilot studies of the nonlinear electrophysical and electro-optical effects arising in various metals and their alloys, semiconductors, dielectrics, and magnetic materials under the influence of constant and varying electromagnetic fields [1; 2; 3; 4; 8], external ultrasonic and temperature fields, and ionizing radiation. The results of the studies determine the practical significance of the research and the use of layered dielectrics (ceramics, micas, and perovskites) in the fields of insulation and cable technologies [1; 4], microelectronics (quantum field-effect transistors, semi-solid diodes and triodes, and resonant tunnel diodes based on high-temperature composite superconducting structures (which have similar properties to ceramics)) [5; 6], MIS and MSM structures [9; 10; 11; 12; 13; 14; 15; 16; 17], optoelectronics and fiber-optic technologies (sensors to detect mechanical stresses and deformations in building structures and mining technology devices) [18; 19; 20; 21; 22; 23; 24; 25; 26], non-linear optics and laser technologies (coherent radiation parameter regulators based on ferroelectrics) [27; 28; 29; 30; 31; 32; 33; 34; 35; 36; 37; 38; 39], capacitor technology (electrically controlled capacitors) [1; 6], electrochemical technologies (solid-state electrolytes with high and ultra-high ion conductivity) [40; 41; 42; 43; 44; 45; 46; 47; 48; 49; 50; 51; 52; 53; 54; 55; 56; 57; 58], radio engineering and radio electronics (in particular, electronically controlled microwave systems) [59; 60; 61; 62; 63], and alternative energy (in particular, developing physical models and schemes of hydrogen energy devices) [45; 63; 64]. HBCs also have unique thermodynamic properties [1; 8]. HBCs find practical applications as insulating materials for the current-conducting elements of TPP electric generators [1], thin-film heat insulators based on organic polymers and their composites [6; 7], laser radiation parameter regulators (KDP and DKDP) [33; 77; 78; 89], fuel cells in hydrogen energy [4; 5], strengthening additives in the manufacture of reinforced concrete structures, etc. Ferroelectric crystals of the HBC class (triglycine sulfate (TGS), Seignette salt, KDP, etc.) [90; 91; 92; 93; 94; 95; 96; 97] are characterized by a rectangular hysteresis loop with abnormally high residual polarization [2; 4], making it possible to use thin films of these materials as functionalelements in fast-acting non-volatile storage devices with abnormally high residual polarization retention times (the relaxation time of the electric charge in memory cells of this type of device, ferroelectric capacitors with ultra-high ion conductivity near the Curie temperature, is about 10 years) and high thermal stability and mechanical strength [98; 99; 100; 101; 102; 103; 104; 105; 106; 107], relevant features for modern information and digital technologies [108; 109; 110; 111; 112; 113; 114; 115; 116; 117; 118].