## 4 Results  
### Metallic Mineralization in Light of the Microscopic and EPMA Studies  
All samples were collected from Fe-Ti-rich mineralizations from archival drill cores in the area of the Krzemianska and Udryn Fe-Ti-V deposits, hosted by the SAM. They were dark gray or black, massive or semi-massive rocks, with a characteristic metallic luster and a different ratio of ore mineralization to host rock minerals (Figure 6). They were mainly anorthosites and norites, and less frequently pyroxenites or gabbros, and mineralized nelsonite dikes were also found. Opaque minerals constituted 45-90% of the rock volume and they were massive, xenomorphic, and in most cases they formed a sideronite texture. Transparent minerals were plagioclase and various amounts of ortho- and clinopyroxenes, and small amounts of phlogopite were observed in most of the samples. Plagioclase was characterized by a striped structure, whereas irregular, wormy myrmekites occurred in places on the edges of plagioclase grains. As a result of the equilibrium between orthopyroxene and plagioclase, the grains of plagioclase tended to be rounded. The pyroxenes were partially bioitized and chloritized. Pleochroic fields could be observed in brown micas. These tiny mica laminas often surrounded the grains of pyroxenes; they were the product of the reaction between magnetite and plagioclase and pyroxenes. The analysis of brown micas flakes from the SAM leuco-and gabbro-norite cumulates showed a titanium phlogopite composition. The degree of Ti enrichment in the brown micas ranged from 2.59 to 9.41 wt% TiO\({}_{2}\)[40]. The main ore minerals were magnetite and ilmenite, which constituted more than 90% of the massive ores, and were commonly accompanied by sulphides, mainly pyrrhotite, pentlandite, and chalcopyrite (Figure 7A-H). These sulphides may constitute up to 3-5% of the ore's volume. In addition, Al-spinels (with diverse molecular contents of Al, Fe, Mg, and Cr from the hercynite and chromite terms, Table 2) and minor sulphides such as pyrite, siegenite, millerite, bravoite, cubanite, galena, sphalerite, and rare inclusions of greenockite, talnakhite, hessite, or native bismuth were identified. Magnetite and ilmenite form hipautomorphic crystals up to several mm in diameter. Magnetic contains several generations of exsolutions of ulvospinel, ilmenite, and Al-spinels (Figure 7A-F). The chemical composition of magnetite includes, on average, 70.3 wt% Fe (range 66.2-72.2 wt%), 21.3 wt% O (range 20.5-22.5 wt%) and substitutions of Al (mean 0.38 wt%), Cr (0.26 wt%), Mg (0.08 wt%), Ti (0.59 wt%), and V (0.42 wt%) (Tables 2 and A1, Figures 8 and 9A). \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Mineral** & **Value** & **Fe** & **Al** & **Mn** & **V** & **Cr** & **Mg** & **Ti** & **Zn** & **O** \\ \hline  & & **wt\%** & **wt\%** & **wt\%** & **wt\%** & **wt\%** & **wt\%** & **wt\%** & **wt\%** & **wt\%** & **wt\%** \\ \hline magnetite & arithmetic mean & 70.34 & 0.38 & 0.03 & 0.42 & 0.26 & 0.08 & 0.59 & 0.03 & 21.29 \\ \(Fe^{2+}Fe^{3+}{}_{2}O_{4}\) & standard deviation & 1.25 & 0.33 & 0.03 & 0.14 & 0.25 & 0.09 & 0.68 & 0.02 & 0.43 \\  & geometric mean & 70.33 & 0.30 & 0.02 & 0.37 & 0.14 & 0.06 & 0.29 & 0.02 & 21.29 \\  & median & 70.59 & 0.29 & 0.02 & 0.48 & 0.14 & 0.06 & 0.26 & 0.02 & 21.26 \\  & minimum content & 66.20 & 0.01 & b.d.l. & 0.01 & b.d.l. & 0.01 & 0.02 & b.d.l. & 20.46 \\  & maximum content & 72.20 & 2.06 & 0.13 & 0.59 & 1.26 & 0.53 & 2.65 & 0.08 & 22.54 \\  & number of analyses a.d.l. & 81 & 81 & 69 & 81 & 80 & 80 & 81 & 45 & 81 \\ \hline ilmenite & arithmetic mean & 35.44 & 0.25 & 0.81 & 0.14 & 0.04 & 0.87 & 30.59 & 0.04 & 31.72 \\ \(FeTiO_{3}\) & standard deviation & 1.47 & 0.77 & 0.14 & 0.04 & 0.08 & 0.37 & 1.22 & 0.03 & 0.45 \\  & geometric mean & 35.41 & 0.04 & 0.80 & 0.13 & 0.03 & 0.79 & 30.56 & 0.02 & 31.72 \\  & median & 35.19 & 0.03 & 0.80 & 0.14 & 0.03 & 0.80 & 31.10 & 0.03 & 31.78 \\  & minimum content & 33.15 & b.d.l. & 0.59 & 0.05 & b.d.l. & 0.16 & 26.68 & b.d.l.