esa-sceva/satcom-chunk-collection huggingface dataset:
# A Survey on Data Storage and Information Discovery in the WSANs-Based Edge Computing Systems
## 5 Conclusions  
The WSANs-based Edge computing systems are meeting their fast developing opportunities in the post-Cloud era, and are used in more and more applications. As one of the most important technologies in the systems, the data-storage and information-discovery technology is surveyed in this paper. By analyzing existing works, we find that the existing schemes of WSNs are not suitable for WSANs because of their different network architectures and characteristics. Moreover, the existing schemes of WSANs still have many shortcomings, one of which is that they cannot achieve multi-objectives including high energy efficiency, high load balance and perfect real-time performance at the same time. Possible solutions, as proposed in this paper, to overcome the shortcomings of the existing schemes in WSANs are based on our observation and analysis, and we suggest they should be utilized during the future research on data storage and information discovery in the WSANs-based Edge computing systems.  
Moreover, according to our surveys, few existing schemes of data storage and information discovery have considered the related security issues, such as how to preserve the integrity of the data stored on the actuators and how to achieve efficient mutual authentication among the nodes at different levels of WSANs in order to ensure that the important information in WSANs is only able to be discovered by the trustworthy nodes. Thus, joining the security consideration should be another future research direction of data storage and information discovery in the WSANs-based Edge computing systems.  
Finally, existing schemes of data storage and information discovery in the WSANs-based Edge computing systems mainly consider the case that all sensor nodes are static. In the coming 5G era, there will be a lot of data which are generated by sensors on mobile devices [59]. Thus, how to achieve the above-mentioned multi-objectives for the WSANs-based Edge computing systems on data storage and information discovery in mobile scenarios is another open issue.  
**Acknowledgments:** This work was supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (61702438, 61562005, 61501393, 61402393), the Natural Science Foundation of Henan Province of China (162300410234), the Nanhu Scholars Program for Young Scholars of XYNU, and the supporting program of young backbone teachers in Xinyang Normal University in the Henan Province of China (2015 GGJS06).  
**Author Contributions:** [PERSON] wrote the manuscript. [PERSON], [PERSON], [PERSON], and [PERSON] commented on the manuscript. [PERSON], [PERSON] and [PERSON] collected and analyzed the references.  
**Conflicts of Interest:** The authors declare no conflict of interest.
# Learning Approach for Angle Estimation Based on Characteristics of Phase Drift
## 3 Data Analysis and Model Construction
### Radio Signal Analysis for Training Model
This approach leads to improved model accuracy, as the unique patterns for each angle are more distinctly represented compared to using the raw data alone. Figure 4: Mean of phase drift values across angles (\(-90^{\circ}\), \(-40^{\circ}\), \(0^{\circ}\), \(40^{\circ}\), and \(90^{\circ}\)). Figure 3: Comparison of phase drift values for phase drift values at various angles (\(-90^{\circ}\), \(-40^{\circ}\), \(0^{\circ}\), \(40^{\circ}\), and \(90^{\circ}\)) over time.
# Mind, Machine, and Meaning: Cognitive Ergonomics and Adaptive Interfaces in the Age of Industry 5.0
## 4 Challenges and Future Directions in Cognitive Ergonomics for HMIs
### Emerging Trends and Research Directions  
* Personalization through Adaptive Cognitive Models: Cognitive ergonomics is moving toward adaptive systems that respond to individual users' cognitive states. Biosensors and physiological monitoring (e.g., EEG and EMG) can be used to detect workload and adjust interface complexity dynamically [151].
* Standardization of External Human-Machine Interfaces: [PERSON] et al. [152] emphasize the need for standardizing eHMI designs to ensure consistent communication between AVs and VRUs. This is critical for developing shared cognitive models and reducing ambiguity.
* Integration of Wearable and Embedded Biosensors: The integration of EMG, FMG, and EIT-based wearables allows for more natural human-machine interactions, such as gesture recognition and prosthetic control [151]. Future research should focus on improving robustness, data fusion, and interpretability.
* Ethical and Societal Implications: As HMIs increasingly mediate decisions and actions, ethical issues arise regarding autonomy, consent, and surveillance. Cognitive ergonomics must integrate ethical foresight into design methodologies [153].  
Cross-Disciplinary Methodologies: Future research will benefit from combining insights from psychology, neuroscience, data science, and design. New evaluation methodologies should consider both subjective experience and objective performance metrics [154].  
In conclusion, the evolution of HMI systems poses a multitude of cognitive ergonomic challenges, from complexity and transparency to trust and adaptivity. Advances in biosensor technologies, AI, and network infrastructure offer promising pathways forward. However, these must be accompanied by human-centered design and interdisciplinary research to ensure that systems enhance, rather than hinder, human cognition.
## 3 Sample Preparation Techniques and Development of Extraction Sorbents
### Solid-Based Extraction
#### 3.2.3 Solid-Phase Extraction (SPE)
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Extraction** & & & & \\
**Techniques** & & & & \\ \hline Liquid-liquid & \(\bullet\) & High separation factors & \(\bullet\) & Time-consuming \\ extraction & \(\bullet\) & High purity products & \(\bullet\) & Large volume of solvent consumption & [27; 28] \\ (LLE) & & & & \(\bullet\) & Tedious \\  & & & & \(\bullet\) & Formation of emulsion \\  & & & & \\  & & & & \\  & & & & \\  & & & & \\  & & & & \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 6: Advantages and limitations of sample preparation techniques commonly used for determination of OPPs. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Year** & **Sorbent** & **Analytic** & **Matrix** & **LOD** & **Recovery (\%)** & **Analytical Technique** & **Ref.** \\ \hline
2020 & MTMOS-CTTES & Chloryrifos, profenefos, malathion & Apple and grape & 0.01–0.07 ug g\({}^{-1}\) & 88.33–120 & CC-MS & [96] \\
2019 & MNYC based on Zn/Co-MOFs & Thorne, diazmen, malathion, fenthion, ethion & Apple, grape, pear, tomato, green jubile & 0.018–0.045 ng g\({}^{-1}\) & 84–116 & CC-FPD & [101] \\  & MIP (monocrotopos as & Dimethoate, malathion, & diazmen, methidation, & & & \\  & template and & fenthion sulfoxide, fenthion, fenthion & Almond oil & 0.12–0.46 ng g\({}^{-1}\) & 100–114 & LC-MS & [82] \\
2018 & 3-aminopropylfriendbysian & sulfone, pirimphos-methyl fenthion and & & & & \\  & chymorifying-ethyl & & & & & \\
2017 & Polymethacrylate-based & Chloryrifos, phosphomer and & & & & \\  & sorbent modified with MNPs & pirimphos-methyl & & & & \\  & Fe\({}_{3}\)O\({}_{4}\)/CNT & Fenthion, ethion, & & & & \\
2017 & Fe\({}_{3}\)O\({}_{4}\)/CNT & profenefos & & & & \\
2016 & Cyanopropylfriendbysian & D Electrophos, diazmen, chlorryprifos & Water & 0.072–0.091 ng mL\({}^{-1}\) & 80.1–92.1 & HPLC-UV & [100] \\  & RAM-MIPs & & & & & \\
2015 & (malathion as template and & Malathion, terbufos, ethoprobes, phorate, & & & \\  & glycolidine)style as & dimethoate, fennambos & Honey & 0.5–1.9 ng mL\({}^{-1}\) & 90.9–97.6 & GC-FPD & [84] \\  & pro-hydrophilic co-monomer & & & & & \\
2014 & Graphene & Dichlorovos, dimethoate, malathion, & & & & \\  & & parathion, parathion & Apple juice & 0.04–0.35 ng mL\({}^{-1}\) & 69.8–106.2 & GC-MS & [76] \\  & & Trichorton & Cucumber, lettuce & & & \\
2014 & MIP (trichloron as template) & Trichorton & and radish & & & \\
2013 & MIP (quinalphos as template) & Dazinon, quininalphos and chlorryprifos & Apple and grape & 0.83–2.8 ng g\({}^{-1}\) & 89.7–99.7 & HPLC-UV & [104] \\
2012 & MTMOS-TEDS & Chloryrifos, diazmen, methidation, & Water, red apple, green & 0.5–0.9 g mL\({}^{-1}\) & 96–111 & GC-MS & [20] \\  & & quinalphos, profenefos & apple and grape & & & \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 7: Summary of past studies on the application of SPE as a sample preparation technique for OPPs’ determinations.
# In Vivo Evaluation of Decellularized Human Tooth Scaffold for Dental Tissue Regeneration
## 2 Materials and Methods  
### Tooth Sample Preparation and Cell Culture  
Samples were prepared as described in a previous study [24]. Briefly, the second premolars, free of caries and restorations, were randomly collected from patients of 17 to 25 years of age under approved guidelines set by the Institutional Review Board of the Dental Hospital, Yonsei University (#IRB 2-2016-0030). Teeth were rinsed with phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) (Invitrogen, Carlsbad, CA, USA), submerged in 0.5% Chloramine T (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA) for 2 h at 4 \({}^{\circ}\)C, and washed in cold running water. Pulp tissue was removed with a barbed broad (Mani, Utsunomiya, Japan) to collect decellularized human periodontal ligament (dHPDL). The PDL tissue was removed with a dental currette to collect decellularized human dental pulp (dHDP). Tooth specimens were prepared using an IsoMet 1000 precision saw (Buehler Ltd., Evanston, IL, USA) as previously described [2]. A semi-cylinder-shaped saw was used for dHPDL and a doughnut-shaped saw was used for dHDP. Samples were collected in cold PBS and immediately subjected to decellularization.  
Previously characterized PDLSCs and DPSCs [20; 21; 37; 38] from three to six passages were used in recellularization experiments and were cultured in a basal cell culture alpha-minimum essential medium (\(\alpha\)-MEM) (Invitrogen) containing 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS) (Invitrogen), 1% L-glutamine/pencilin/streptomycin solution (Invitrogen), and 0.2% amphotericin B solution (Invitrogen) at 37 \({}^{\circ}\)C in 5% CO\({}_{2}\). PDL tissues were obtained from the teeth using sterile curettes from the middle third of the teeth and pulp tissues were exirpated using a barbed broad, washed with PBS (Invitrogen), and subjected to a primary culture using the outgrowth method. PDL or pulp tissues were placed onto a 60-mm culture dish (BD Falcon, Lincoln Park, NJ, USA) and covered with a cover glass to allow the cells to grow. The cells were cultured in the culture medium described above at 37 \({}^{\circ}\)C in 5% CO\({}_{2}\).
# Mechanically Reconfigurable, Beam-Scanning Reflectarray and Transmitarray Antennas: A Review
## 2 Element Movement
### Reconfigurable Non-Resonant Elements  
A different approach to introduce a phase shift to an incident wave on a reflector is to allow the incident wave to pass through a retarding medium. This can be a simple dielectric medium with a different refractive index than that of air. Building upon this concept, an RA populated by blocks of variable height dielectrics backed by a ground plane reflector was proposed in [18]. Full phase compensation can be achieved by selecting the proper height of each element. Based on this concept, an RA was 3D printed and characterized in [19]. The favorable advantages of RAs in this category over those using resonant elements are their wide frequency bandwidths, simplicity and low mutual couplings between elements. These dielectric-based RAs, although simple, have limited aperture efficiency mainly due to dielectric loss, which typically increases with increasing frequency. A 100 GHz example of this type of RA offers only a 14% aperture efficiency [13]. In order to address this issue, an all-metal RA was proposed in [13], replacing the dielectric blocks with metallic elements. Figure 4 illustrates the concept of this all-metal RA. Different phase shifts are achieved by varying the relative heights of the reflecting surface unit cells. The authors reported full 360\({}^{\circ}\) phase shift at 100 GHz by changing the metallic block's height with a resolution of 0.03 mm. Using low-loss full-metal elements has improved the aperture efficiency of the RA to more than 50%, much larger than other RA designs at these high frequencies. The performance metrics of the antenna discussed in [13] are provided in Table 1. The collective features of a metal-only RA render it a promising candidate for high-gain applications at submillimeter or THz bands. The actuators discussed in the previous category can be employed to vary the height of the metal blocks, creating a mechanically reconfigurable RA. This is a promising research area for future investigations.  
Figure 4: Reconfigurable non-resonant-type unit cell using metal blocks of variable heights.  
Figure 3: Illustrative reconfigurable resonant-type unit cells using rotating elements. (**a**) RA including a shorted circular disc. (**b**) Multi-resonator unit cell integrated with a micromotor beneath the reflector.
# A Study of the Thermodynamic Properties of Nd-C and Ce-C TRISO Fission Product Binary Systems
## 4 Discussion
### Improvements to Experimental Campaign  
It is recommended to characterize the elemental composition of the test samples and the boron nitride crucibles using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. This would help identify issues in the experimental methods that could improve the accuracy of the DSC measurements. Additionally, sample sizes varied significantly, from 9.5 mg to approximately 100 mg. A cutting press with an apparatus to secure the sample would vastly improve the re-sizing process and produce more uniform samples.  
The intermediary samples, NdI.5, Nd2.5, Nd3.5, and Ce1.5, were produced directly within the DSC furnace and immediately tested. Production of these molar compositions using an arc melter would better control mixing conditions for homogeneity. Finally, it is recommended that a custom boron nitride crucible be machined with high purity material to mitigate the sample adhesion observed. DSC of carbides by [PERSON] and Kleppa proved that BN crucibles are effective at measuring RE-C phase equilibria. It is possible that the commercially available BN crucible contains impurities that may chemically react to cause adhesion. Additionally, if the samples were in fact partially oxidized, then it is also possible that this oxygen contamination could result in the adhesion. Further analysis on these phenomena is necessary to add confidence to the data collected in this campaign.  
As sample oxidation is a potential source of error, it is recommended that the transport container be improved. The plastic hardshell container that was used was found to be dented upon receipt at OTU, which may have contributed to oxygen ingress. Additionally, the container did not appear to be designed with a hermetic seal. A sturdier transport container with a designed air-tight seal and filled with an inert atmosphere should be used.
## 5 Conclusions  
Through the quasi-static test of a cast-in-place L-shaped shear wall and two prefabricated L-shaped shear walls, one connected by type-I and one by type-II APC connectors, the main conclusions were as follows:  
1. The final crack distribution and failure modes of the L-shaped prefabricated walls were basically the same as those of the cast-in-place wall, and all the specimens had suffered bending-shear failure. The difference was that the failure of the cast-in-place specimen occurred at the root of the wall limb, while the failure of the prefabricated specimens occurred at the top of the sleeve due to the constraints of the sleeve.
2. At the ultimate state, a horizontal through crack was formed between the upper surface of the grouting joint and the prefabricated walls. Although the walls did not undergo obvious shear slip due to the action of the occlusal teeth at the joint, accumulated damage occurred in the out-of-plane displacement of the specimens.
3. The bearing capacity, stiffness, ductility, and energy dissipation capacity of the prefabricated specimen connected by type-I sleeve were comparable to those of the cast-in-place wall, while the prefabricated wall connected by type-II sleeve showed greater bearing capacity and stiffness, as well as better ductility.
4. Type-I and type-II APC sleeves could effectively transfer reinforcement stress in L-shaped shear walls, and the prefabricated specimens basically met the assumption of plane section before yielding, and the sleeves were not significantly damaged during the whole loading process.
5. Out-of-plane torsion occurred in both the cast-in-place and the prefabricated walls, but the maximum absolute value of out-of-plane displacement and oblique deformation for prefabricated walls was smaller due to their high stiffness.  
In summary, due to the limited number of specimens and range of research parameters in this experiment, more types of specimens and research parameters, such as reinforcement diameter, shear-span ratio, axial compression ratio, and reinforcement ratio, need to be studied through tests and numerical simulations. In addition, the shear properties of the joints in the prefabricated walls need to be evaluated more rigorously. However, this experiment provides benchmark data for further numerical simulations and theoretical research on prefabricated components connected with APC connectors, and provides theoretical guidance for engineering applications of this connection technology.  
[PERSON] proposed the method, conceived the experiments, analyzed the data, made the conclusions, and wrote the paper. [PERSON] carried out pseudo-static experiments, analyzed the data, and wrote the paper. [PERSON] conceived and designed the experiments. [PERSON] and [PERSON] conducted the analysis about the experimental phenomenon. [PERSON] checked and revised the paper. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.  
This work was supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai (the Science and Technology Program of Shanghai) with grant number 21 ZR1468300.  
Not applicable.
# A Survey of Advanced Border Gateway Protocol Attack Detection Techniques
## 6 Attacks that Require Advanced Detection
### Subprefix  
Subprefix hijacking might benefit from detection methods that leverage data from multiple vantage points. This is because the attack involves announcing a more specific prefix than the legitimate owner, which can be harder to detect across different points in the Internet. The ability to correlate discrepancies in BGP announcements from multiple sources can lead to the earlier detection of such hijacks, making subprefix hijacking a strong candidate for inclusion based on this criterion.  
Subprefix hijacking is typically executed by a single AS without the need for collusion between ASs. Its distributed impact of the attack across the Internet does not inherently involve collaborative malicious activities between multiple ASs. Therefore, this criterion may not strongly apply to subprefix hijacking. The nature of subprefix hijacking, where a more specific route is announced to attract traffic, can involve complex interactions across multiple ASs. The attack exploits the BGP's preference for more specific prefixes, affecting routing decisions and potentially causing widespread disruption. Understanding these interactions is crucial for detection, aligning well with this inclusion criterion.  
Subprefix hijacking can involve a nuanced manipulation of routing information, exploiting the granularity of prefix announcements to reroute traffic subtly. This level of manipulation requires a detailed understanding of the BGP's operational principles. In terms of stealthiness and evasive techniques, the specificity of subprefix hijacking can make it more stealthy compared to broad prefix hijacks, as it might not immediately disrupt traffic flows or raise alarms.
# A Review on the Thermal Hazards of the Lithium-Ion Battery and the Corresponding Countermeasures
## 4 Thermal Hazards of Lithium-Ion Battery
### Thermal Hazards of Typical Commercial Lithium-Ion Batteries  
Lithium cobaltate oxide (LCO) cathode material was first put forward by the team of Prof. [PERSON] in 1980, and it was also the first time that Li was introduced into the positive electrode in batteries, which promoted the application and development of a negative electrode without Li and, at the same time, improved the charging voltage of batteries. Most importantly, the lack of Li metal anode greatly improved the safety of batteries [164]. Furthermore, Prof. [PERSON]'s team proposed the lithium manganate oxide (LMO) cathode material in 1983. Although its theoretical capacity is only about half of that of LCO, its reversible specific capacity is excellent [165]. With the emergence of LCO and LMO, many lamellar and spinel LIB positive electrode materials based on transition metal oxides were developed in the following decade. Subsequently, in 1997, [PERSON]'s team reported the application of lithium iron phosphate (LFP) positive electrode materials, and, in further research, solved a series of problems of LFP-positive electrode materials by carbon coating modification, so that LFP could be applied commercially on a large scale [166]. Therefore, the commercial cathode material structural system has been built, and the following positive electrode materials are improved on the basis of these three materials, while the NMC and lithium nickel cobalt aluminate oxide (NCA) materials improve the performance of the battery by regulating the content of the three elements in LCO.  
Figure 8: The burning process of 100% SOC (state of charge) 18,650 batteries at two pressures.