# Generating Activity-Based Mobility Plans from Trip-Based Models and Mobility Surveys
## 4 Results and Validation
### General Mobility Behavior  
The urge to take part in activities steers human mobility behavior and induces travel demand. Hence, mobility models ought to accurately represent the types and prominence of different activities. Guided by the trip types used in MID and MITO, our model distinguishes nine different activities, namely \"home\", \"work\", \"shopping\", \"private business\", \"recreational\", \"accompanying others\", \"work related\", \"education\", and \"other\". Figure 9 depicts the relative share for each activity type for the simulated mobility plans and the reference given by the general mobility survey MID. In MID, the survey participants were asked to report all trips occurring within one day starting and ending at midnight. However, MID does not report activities; rather, it reports trip types. From these trip types, a subsequent activity type can be implied (e.g., a trip labeled \"shopping\" is interpreted to end in a shopping activity). Looking at the results, it is evident that both the ranking of activity types regarding their prominence as well as the absolute share of each activity type were accurately reflected within the simulation results. A slight over-accentuation of work and work-related activities was present in the simulation results but amounted to less than 2% in terms of the relative activity share. Aside from the occurrence frequencies of individual activity types, the order of activities within the generated mobility plans is another important characteristic. Figure 10 shows the share of the most prominent daily activity chains within the generated mobility plans in comparison to their MID counterparts. Special attention is to be paid to the circumstance that the initial activity of each day was unknown from the MID survey. The only exception is if the reporting person was at home in the morning, since this was separately asked. To allow for a fair comparison with MID, all activity chains resulting from the simulation were clipped to exclude the initial activity. Hence, the activity chains presented in the figure are to be thought of as partial activity chains. Most of these partial activity chains can be expected to start with a home activity in both MID and our generated mobility plans, as validated further below. A comparison on the basis of these partial chains \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{l l l l l l} \hline \hline
**Parameter** & **Value** & **Parameter** & **Value** & **Parameter** & **Value** \\ \hline \(n_{\text{cars}}\) & 50,000 & \(\Delta t\) & 7 d & \(\Delta t_{padding}\) & 2 d \\ \hline \(P_{\text{drive\_every\_day}}\) & 0.59 & \(p_{\text{car\_driven}}\) & 0.4 & \(p_{\text{no\_worker}}\) & 0.05 \\ \hline \(P_{\text{worker}}\) & 0 & \(a_{\text{dist}}\) & 1.5 & \(v_{\text{avg\_Munich}}\) & 32 \(\frac{\text{km}}{\text{h}}\) \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 1: Simulation parameters. Figure 9: Share of activity types. Comparison of simulation and MID. reveals that the generated activity chain frequencies closely matched the MID reference, with deviations in the single-digit percentiles. Since the information of whether an activity chain started from home was excluded, Table 2 consequently validates the share of people returning to and starting their days from home in contrast to chains starting or ending elsewhere. On a more aggregated level, the amount of activities per car and day as well as the daily driven distance per car and day served as measures for the macroscopic modeling capabilities of our approach regarding general mobility behavior. Figure 11 marks the findings regarding these central mobility indicators when comparing the simulation results with MID. Similar to the aforementioned mobility factors, the distribution of the number of daily activities closely resembled the MID findings. Regarding the daily driven distances, however, a slight underrepresentation of large mileages can be observed, resulting in a smaller mean of daily driven distances per car.