# Analysis of Climate-Oriented Researches in Building
## 3 Results and Discussion
### General Analysis of Types of Climate Zoning and Climate Zones Used in Climate-Oriented Research  
As climate-oriented research was analysed, the main types of climate zoning used in the reviewed studies are presented. In addition, the climate zones most commonly engaged in the research were analysed. Figure 7 shows an overview of the different types of climate zonings analysed in this study. It can be seen that most of the works included climate zonings from the National Building Codes (BCs). In 120 studies, where it was possible to identify the type of zoning, the National BC climate zonings were used 74 times. The total number of times zonings were used exceeds the number of studies, because some research has included more than one type of climate zoning. Additionally, the types of zoning and principal zones of the studied research are presented in Tables S1-S5. Among the most popular National BC climate zonings were China (used 17 times in the studies reviewed); the USA, specifically ASHRAE zones (15); and Turkey (8). It can be noted that in the USA, some research has included the use of climate zones of the International Energy Conservation Code (IECC), the California Energy Commission (EC), the U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA) and the Statewide Pricing Pilot (SPP) and climate zones of the California Public Utilities Commission. The IECC zones were generally used for studies related to energy analysis. The California EC zones were applied for state-oriented work in California. Within the climate zones of National BC, China's \"hot summer and cold winter\" climate zone was the most popular in the works analysed. This zone includes the cities of Shanghai, Nanjing, Nanchang, Wuhan and Hefei, among others. Beijing, in contrast, is in the \"cold\" zone. Note that Chinese studies show a clear tendency to use representative geographical locations for each climate zone. China's research usually attempts to cover the whole country, using at least one representative location for each of its five climatic building zones. In the case of the USA and the ASHRAE zones, the climate zones most commonly used in the studies are 3B and 4A. Zone 3B represents the cities of Los Angeles, San Diego and Sacramento, among others. On the other hand, zone 4A represents the cities of New York, Washington and Philadelphia, among others. Zones 1A, 1B and 5C are less represented. Moreover, there are no works with climate zone 0. This is related to the climatic reality of the USA, as there are no such zones in the territory of this country. For this reason, for some studies, geographical points from other countries of the world are used to cover the areas that are missing. Additionally, note that due to the clear ASHRAE zoning methodology, it is possible to identify ASHRAE zones in other geographical locations around the world. Among all the studies analysed in this research with National BC zones, only ASHRAE zones have this characteristic. For example, recent work on the analysis of the applicability of ASHRAE climate zones in the territory of China [179]. In the case of Turkey, almost all the works generally involve the four climate zones of Turkish Thermal Insulation Standard TS 825. In this standard, zone 1 represents cities with warmer thermal conditions--Antalya and Izmir, among others. Zone 4 represents cities with colder thermal conditions--Erzurum and Kars, among others. Istanbul and Ankara are categorised in zones 2 and 3, respectively. The papers corresponding to Cluster 4 were totally realised under Turkish climate zones. At the same time, the methodology of this cluster has firmly entered the scientific field of building construction, which is reflected in its use for actual research [180; 181]. Other National BC climate zonings exist: for example, in studies in Greece, climate zones from buildings' Thermal Insulation Regulation (TIR) and the Hellenic Regulation on the Energy Performance of Buildings (REPB) were used. Mostly these zones have been used in the research grouped in Cluster 6.