# Smart Facility Management System Based on Open BIM and Augmented Reality Technology
## 6 Conclusions  
This study presents the system design and development of the BIM-based smart FMS carried out by configuring data categories and defining the functions needed for applying AR technology to on-site maintenance work. To this end, existing studies on BIM-based maintenance as well as AR applications in construction were analyzed, and on-site FM tasks that can benefit from applying AR technology were identified. Lastly, the required information system for the AR-applied smart maintenance work process was defined based on COBie, which was then used in proposing prototype development. From the proposed prototype, the AR-based smart FMS was developed, which was then tested and validated through a case study. The study results show that interoperability of various software can be attained when maintenance information is configured based on the COBie system. Moreover, utilizing AR technology that visualizes the maintenance information through an overlay with actual on-site conditions will enable speedy information sharing and decision making regarding the worksite. The fact that the BIM dataset generated during the design and construction phases is being utilized signifies the importance of life cycle application of BIM data. Most participants participating in the case study conducted for verification replied that complete acquisition of the needed information for maintenance tasks was possible on-site through the use of the proposed smart FMS. Moreover, they were able to complete actual maintenance tasks faster and more accurately compared with using the existing approach. The sharing of real-time site conditions through smart devices and collaboration functions minimized the intervention of an individual's subjective judgment, which led to more accurate and enhanced reliability of the maintenance work results. However, since the study scope was limited to on-site maintenance work only involving building interior finishes, our proposed system may not be applied to every FM task, \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c c c c} \hline \hline  & & \multicolumn{6}{c}{**Group Statistics**} \\ \hline Participant & 1 & 2 & 3 & 4 & 5 & 6 & 7 & 8 & 9 & 10 \\ \hline Control Group & 13.04\({}^{\prime}\) & 15.11\({}^{\prime}\) & 13.96\({}^{\prime}\) & 15.03\({}^{\prime}\) & 18.74\({}^{\prime}\) & 16.39\({}^{\prime}\) & 17.72\({}^{\prime}\) & 15.66\({}^{\prime}\) & 19.63\({}^{\prime}\) & 18.42\({}^{\prime}\) \\ \hline Non-Control Group & 9.85\({}^{\prime}\) & 11.63\({}^{\prime}\) & 12.39\({}^{\prime}\) & 8.06\({}^{\prime}\) & 10.59\({}^{\prime}\) & 7.79\({}^{\prime}\) & 11.88\({}^{\prime}\) & 10.21\({}^{\prime}\) & 11.49\({}^{\prime}\) & 9.51\({}^{\prime}\) \\ \hline Group & & N & Mean & & & Std. Deviation & & & Std. Error Mean \\ \hline Control Group & & 10 & 16.37 & & 2.18719 & & & & 0.69165 \\ \hline Non-Control Group & & 10 & 10.34 & & 1.57303 & & & & 0.49744 \\ \hline \multicolumn{10}{c}{[PERSON]’s test for equality of variances} \\ \hline F & Sig. & t & df & Sig. (2-tailed) & Mean Difference \\ \hline
1.64538 & 0.21586 & 7.07785 & 18 & 0.00001 & 6.03 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 4: Group statistics and independent sample test for task completion times. which is the limit of this research. In addition, future research should consider getting feedback from actual users when developing a proposed system and configuring the UL. To overcome the limit of maker-based AR, a study on makerless AR systems should be conducted. Expanding from mobile devices, head-mounted displays (HMDs), such as smart glasses, should be explored and utilized in future research. Finally, future research should expand from interior finishes to mechanical, electrical and plumbing (MEP) applications and develop technology that applies AR to visualize information on complicated equipment, which is difficult to distinguish using the naked eye. In this study, a COBie datasheet-based information exchange system was adopted to improve the usability of BIM in the maintenance phase.