## 5 Conclusions  
The hybrid approach, which utilized both Autodesk CFD for simulation and MATLAB for numerical analysis, proved to be a valuable tool in understanding the complex dynamics of blood flow in the presence of fatty streaks. While this study used a simplified model of the aorta, the fundamental findings related to the hill-like shape of the fatty streaks and the nature of the ESS function should hold true in more complex models and flow conditions. Future research should aim to build upon these findings, incorporating more realistic models of the aorta and considering a broader range of factors that may influence the development and progression of atherosclerosis. The insights gained from this study could prove invaluable in guiding the development of more effective strategies for the prevention and treatment of atherosclerosis. In conclusion, our study elucidates the significant impact of fatty streaks (FS) on the distribution of endothelial shear stress (ESS) within the arterial environment, offering three pivotal observations that contribute to the understanding of atherosclerosis pathogenesis. Firstly, we report a notable augmentation in the standard deviation of ESS in regions affected by FS under low blood velocity conditions. This phenomenon suggests the presence of oscillatory shear stress patterns, which may play a critical role in atherosclerosis development. Secondly, our findings indicate an increase in regions of low ESS, known to be susceptible to plaque formation, particularly at diminished blood velocities. Lastly, the progression of plaque is linked with an extension of areas displaying stable ESS, suggesting that FS might facilitate zones favorable to lipid and inflammatory cell entrapment. These insights not only underscore the necessity for early atherosclerosis intervention but also highlight the modulation of ESS and endothelial permeability as promising targets for therapeutic strategies. The integration of Autodesk CFD for simulation and MATLAB for numerical analysis in our hybrid approach has been instrumental in deciphering the intricate dynamics of blood flow influenced by fatty streaks. Despite utilizing a simplified aorta model, the core observations concerning the hill-like shape of FS and the behavior of the ESS function are anticipated to remain valid in more sophisticated models and under varied flow conditions. To further address the limitations highlighted during the review, we acknowledge the challenges associated with validating our model through clinical studies, given the current technological constraints in non-invasively observing fatty streaks. This limitation emphasizes the reliance on computational simulations as a critical tool for advancing our understanding of early atherosclerotic changes. As such, our study not only contributes to the body of knowledge on the pathophysiology of atherosclerosis but also underscores the urgent need for technological advancements in medical imaging. The development of AI-enhanced imaging techniques capable of identifying early markers of atherosclerosis represents a promising frontier for future validation efforts. Looking ahead, future research should focus on refining our findings by employing more realistic models of the aorta and incorporating a wider array of factors influencing atherosclerosis development and progression. Enhanced computational models, coupled with emerging imaging technologies, hold the potential to significantly advance our comprehension and management of atherosclerosis. The insights gleaned from our study are poised to inform the development of more efficacious prevention and treatment strategies, ultimately contributing to the reduction in atherosclerosis-related morbidity and mortality. Conceptualization, V.E. and M.A. ; methodology, M.A. ; software, M.A. ; validation, M.A. and S.B. ; formal analysis, M.A. ; investigation, V.E. ; resources, A.S.; data curation, S.B. ; writing--original draft preparation, M.A. and S.B. ; writing--review and editing, V.E., M.A. and S.B. ; visualization, M.A. and V.E.