## 3 Results
### Spatiotemporal Parameters  
The task's spatiotemporal descriptive statistics are summarized in Table 2 and plotted in Figure 3. Older adults with FoF exhibited significantly longer task (\(p\) = 0.009), double-support (\(p\) = 0.047), and single-support (\(p\) = 0.009) times when compared to older adults without FoF. On the contrary, the FOF group showed a significantly reduced peak downward CoM velocity than the NFOF group (\(p\) = 0.043). There was no interaction between HoF and FoF for any dependent variable.  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{l c c c c c c c} \hline \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**Characteristics**} & **NHOF (\(\mathbf{n}\) = 38)** & **HOF (\(\mathbf{n}\) = 22)** & **NOF (\(\mathbf{n}\) = 41)** & **FOF (\(\mathbf{n}\) = 19)** & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Between-Subject Comparison**} \\  & **(\(\mathbf{n}\) = 38)** & **(\(\mathbf{n}\) = 22)** & **(\(\mathbf{n}\) = 41)** & **(\(\mathbf{n}\) = 19)** & **HOF** & **FOF** & **HOF \(\times\) FOF** \\ \hline Age (y) & 66.34 \(\pm\) 5.11 & 68.91 \(\pm\) 7.51 & 66.68 \(\pm\) 6.47 & 68.58 \(\pm\) 5.37 & 0.228 (0.224) & 0.421 (0.125) & 0.691 (0.068) \\ Gender & & & & & & & \\ Men & 17 (44.7\%) & 5 (22.7\%) & 18 (43.9\%) & 4 (21.1\%) & & & \\ Women & 21 (55.3\%) & 17 (77.3\%) & 23 (56.1\%) & 15 (78.9\%) & 0.104 b  & 0.149 b  & - \\ Height (m) & 1.63 \(\pm\) 0.08 & 1.57 \(\pm\) 0.07 & 1.62 \(\pm\) 0.08 & 1.58 \(\pm\) 0.07 & 0.061 (0.468) & 0.151 (0.299) & 0.347 (0.154) \\ Weight (kg) & 67.92 \(\pm\) 10.20 & 63.01 \(\pm\) 9.45 & 65.92 \(\pm\) 10.56 & 66.54 \(\pm\) 9.40 & 0.114 (0.352) & 0.557 (0.089) & 0.557 (0.089) \\ Body Mass Index (kg/m\({}^{2}\)) & 25.68 \(\pm\) 3.11 & 25.34 \(\pm\) 2.59 & 25.03 \(\pm\) 2.84 & 26.67 \(\pm\) 2.83 & 0.496 (0.103) & **0.037 (0.558)** & 0.899 (0.052) \\ Health Condition & & & & & & & \\ Yes & 29 (76.3\%) & 17 (77.3\%) & 31 (75.6\%) & 15 (78.9\%) & & & \\ No & 9 (23.7\%) & 5 (22.7\%) & 10 (24.4\%) & 4 (21.1\%) & & 0.597 a  & 0.526 a  & - \\ Number of Health & & & & & & & \\ Conditions & 1.61 \(\pm\) 1.26 & 1.45 \(\pm\) 1.10 & 1.39 \(\pm\) 1.13 & 1.89 \(\pm\) 1.29 & 0.268 (0.196) & 0.173 (0.273) & 0.158 (0.290) \\ Medication & & & & & & & \\ Yes & 32 (84.2\%) & 21 (95.5\%) & 35 (85.4\%) & 18 (94.7\%) & & & \\ No & 6 (15.8\%) & 1 (4.5\%) & 6 (14.6\%) & 1 (5.3\%) & 0.246 a  & 0.414 a  & - \\ Number of Medications & 2.42 \(\pm\) 2.06 & 4.14 \(\pm\) 2.59 & 2.88 \(\pm\) 2.42 & 3.42 \(\pm\) 2.36 & **0.018 (0.666)** & 0.720 (0.065) & 0.672 (0.070) \\ History of Fall & & & & & & & \\ Yes & 0 & 100\% & 13 (31.7\%) & 9 (47.4\%) & - & 0.264 a  & - \\ No & 100\% & 0 & 28 (68.3\%) & 10 (52.6\%) & & & \\ Number of Falls & 0 & 1.50 \(\pm\) 0.86 & 0.44 \(\pm\) 0.74 & 0.79 \(\pm\) 1.13 & & & \\ Fear of Fall & & & & & & & \\ Yes & 10 (26.3\%) & 12 (54.5\%) & 0 & 100\% & & & \\ No & 28 (73.7\%) & 10 (45.5\%) & 100\% & 0 & 0.104 b  & - & - \\ Mini-Mental State & & & & & & & \\ Examination & 29.16 \(\pm\) 1.27 & 28.27 \(\pm\) 1.42 & 28.95 \(\pm\) 1.43 & 28.58 \(\pm\) 1.26 & **0.014 (0.701)** & 0.437 (0.120) & 0.355 (0.151) \\ IPAQ (MET min/week) & 3279.78 \(\pm\) & 3403.91 \(\pm\) & 3426.68 \(\pm\) & 3106.50 \(\pm\) & & & \\ IPAQ (MET min/week) & 2857.65 & 3002.25 & 3047.40 & 2569.57 & 0.653 (0.073) & 0.776 (0.059) & 0.429 (0.123) \\ Barthel Index & 19.92 \(\pm\) 0.27 & 19.82 \(\pm\) 0.40 & 20 \(\pm\) 0.00 & 19.63 \(\pm\) 0.50 & 0.365 (0.146) & **0.000 (0.996)** & 0.365 (0.146) \\ Hand Grip Strength & 29.57 \(\pm\) 8.00 & 25.00 \(\pm\) 9.00 & 29.09 \(\pm\) 9.28 & 25.30 \(\pm\) 6.35 & 0.067 (0.451) & 0.167 (0.280) & 0.634 (0.076) \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}  
* [PERSON]’s chi-squared Test Fisher’s Exact Test.  
\end{table}
Table 1: Baseline participant characteristics and mean (\(\pm\)SD) differences in older adults with (HOF) and without history of fall (NHOF) and with (FOF) and without fear of falling (NFOF). Statistical significant differences are identified with bold.