On the other hand, when the levels of linoleic acid and estrogen (17\(\beta\)-oestradiol-3-benzoate) in the diet are low, the conversion of ALA into DHA is increased by upregulating the fatty acids elongases and desaturases through regulating the expression of transcription factors. Additionally, the low-linoleic acid diet and estrogen had a synergistic effect on levels of DHA in liver and serum, through increasing the expression of peroxisome proliferators-activated receptor alpha (PPAR-\(\alpha\)) [10]. The presented data show that linseed oil, or generally all sources of ALA (such as chia and hemp oils), may constitute an important component of the daily diet of vegans, vegetarians, or consumers avoiding seafood. ALA can be easily oxidized via autoxidation, photooxidation, or enzyme-catalyzed reactions. Microencapsulation is a common method of preventing this process. Encapsulation can protect the unsaturated fatty acids against oxidation by shielding them against oxygen and also hiding any unwanted flavors from the raw material. This technology consists of two main stages: preparing a stable emulsion and then drying it. An important element is determining the formulation of the emulsion, e.g., coating composition and the amount of oil that can be encapsulated. The most commonly used coating materials include chitosan, alginate, starch, maltodextrin, gums (arabic or guar), and whey protein (WPC) [11]. Gum arabic has been proven to be the most effective coating material for encapsulating volatiles via the spray-drying process [12]. Unfortunately, the high cost and limited availability of gum arabic limits its use as a single coating material for encapsulation. Therefore, it is mixed with other materials such as mesquite gum and maltodextrin to lower the encapsulation cost [12]. The most popular encapsulation techniques include spray-drying and freeze-drying [13]. These methods differ significantly from each other. In the spray-drying process, the oil is dispersed in a mixture of compounds creating a coating solution. Once small droplets are formed, they are then quickly dried to obtain microcapsules [14]. In turn, freeze-drying is recommended for encapsulation of thermally sensitive compounds. The action of low pressure causes ice to sublimate very quickly from the frozen emulsion. [15]. It is considered an expensive drying technology due to the use of a pump, which can provide vacuum conditions. Thus, the complete drying process (24-48 h) concerns the high energy consumption procedure [13]. Recently, several reports describing the encapsulation of linseed oil have been published. [PERSON] et al. [16] studied the encapsulation of carotenoid-enriched linseed oil and linseed oil by spray-drying and spray freeze-drying techniques. This study showed that the spray freeze-drying technique had a lower encapsulation efficiency but better flow properties. [PERSON] et al. [17] analyzed the effect of polymer blends (gum arabic, maltodextrin, and inulin) on the encapsulation efficiency of spray-dried microencapsulated linseed oil. Their results showed that microcapsules containing gum arabic and maltodextrin at a 1:1 ratio had the best encapsulation efficiency, close to 92%. In turn, [PERSON] et al. [18] investigated the production of freeze-dried linseed oil powders using rocket seed gum as an alternative encapsulation material. More information on the types of materials used to encapsulate bioactive compounds is summarized in a recent review by [PERSON] [11]. ALA sources in diets can be real oils (linseed, chia, hemp, etc.) or their preparations like ethyl esters [19; 20; 21]. Data on the encapsulation of linseed oil is relatively easily accessible. In contrast, information showing the results of the encapsulation of such ethyl esters to protect them against oxidation is scarce. In our previous study, the possibility of efficient encapsulation of linseed oil ethyl esters using spray-drying with the use of pregelatinized potato starch was presented [22].