## 3 Results
### Effect of Control and Functional Meal Consumption on Biochemical Biomarkers
Furthermore, [PERSON]'s d value at 180 min between the control and functional meal 1 indicated a low to medium effect difference (d = 0.43), whereas, between the control and functional meal 2, there was  
Figure 2: Glucose concentration at 30, 90, and 180 min following meal consumption. a medium to high effect difference (d = 0.77). There was no significant difference between interventions (\(p\) = 0.728) or between time and intervention (\(p\) = 0.739). Regarding total cholesterol levels, a non-significant increase was observed for all meals at 30 min (\(p\) = 0.666 for the control meal, \(p\) = 0.550 for functional meal 1, and \(p\) = 0.359 for functional meal 2). The highest values for functional meal 1 and the control meal were observed at 90 min, whereas, for functional meal 2, they were observed at 30 min post-prandially (Figure 4). Values did not differ significantly from baseline for all meals (\(p\) = 0.585) or between time and intervention (\(p\) = 0.670). Overall, non-significantly lower concentrations compared to baseline were observed for the functional meals (\(p\) = 0.623 for functional meal 1 and \(p\) = 0.803 for functional meal 2), whereas, for the control meal, they were higher (\(p\) = 0.887). Calculation of Eta-squared in the paired \(t\)-tests conducted in all meals between baseline and 180 min revealed a low size effect (below 0.1) of the control and functional meal 2 on the biomarker concentration, whereas a moderate effect (\(\eta^{2}\) = 0.07) was observed for functional meal 1. [PERSON]'s d at 180 min indicated small size  
Figure 4: Total cholesterol concentration at 30, 90, and 180 min following meal consumption. Figure 3: Triglyceride concentration at 30, 90, and 180 min following meal consumption. effect differences between the control and functional meals 1 and 2 (d = 0.08 and d = 0.16, respectively). HDL cholesterol levels increased non-significantly for all meals at 30 min (\(p\) = 0.932 for the control meal, \(p\) = 0.398 for functional meal 1, and \(p\) = 0.485 for functional meal 2), whereas the highest values for the control and functional meal 1 were observed at 180 min. No statistically significant differences were observed in HDL cholesterol levels between the control and functional meals 1 and 2 (\(p\) = 0.937 and \(p\) = 0.196, respectively). For functional meal 2, HDL cholesterol levels decreased at 90 min. At 180 min, they did not differ significantly from baseline (\(p\) = 0.496) (Figure 5). Calculation of Eta-squared in the paired \(t\)-tests conducted for all meals between baseline and 180 min revealed a low size effect of the control and functional meal 2 (\(\eta^{2}\) = 0.011 and 0.045, respectively) and a moderate effect of functional meal 1 (\(\eta^{2}\) = 0.064). For all interventions, slightly lower levels were observed compared to baseline, with no significant difference between meals (\(p\) = 0.323) or between time and intervention (\(p\) = 0.217). Figure 5: HDL cholesterol concentration at 30, 90, and 180 min following meal consumption. Figure 6: LDL cholesterol concentration at 30, 90, and 180 min following meal consumption. LDL cholesterol levels also increased but not at the significance level for all meals at 30 min (\(p\) = 0.936 for the control meal, \(p\) = 0.632 for functional meal 1, and \(p\) = 0.574 for functional meal 2). The highest concentrations were observed at 90 min for the control and functional meal 1, whereas, for functional meal 2, they were observed at 30 min. At 180 min, LDL levels decreased non-significantly for the functional meals (\(p\) = 0.749 for functional meal 1 and \(p\) = 0.666 for functional meal 2), whereas, for the control meal, they were non-significantly increased compared to baseline (\(p\) = 0.791) (Figure 6). Calculation of Eta-squared in the paired \(t\)-tests conducted for all meals between baseline and 180 min showed small size effects of all meals on LDL concentration (\(\eta^{2}\) = 0.027 for the control meal, 0.039 for functional meal 1, and 0.029 for functional meal 2).