## 4 Deployment of Information Systems  
An information system can be developed in-house or by engaging an outsourcing firm (a practice that outsources certain operations to a third party). After establishing the desired system structure, the necessary functionalities are developed, and following testing, these functionalities are deployed into the production environment. Figure 13: Example of a MIS implemented for a medical institution [12]. In-house development refers to the practice of creating an IS internally within the organization. This approach involves assembling an in-house team of developers, designers, and other IT professionals who work exclusively for the healthcare institution. The organization retains complete control over the development process, allowing for a high degree of customization to meet specific requirements. In-house development provides the advantage of direct communication and collaboration between IT teams and healthcare professionals, fostering a deep understanding of the organization's unique needs. While it offers greater control and customization, in-house development can require significant time, resources, and expertise. Outsourcing involves contracting external vendors or development teams to design, develop, and maintain an IS on behalf of the institution. Outsourcing offers several benefits, including cost savings, access to specialized expertise, and faster development timelines. The external vendors may bring industry-specific knowledge and experience to the project, ensuring the incorporation of best practices and compliance with healthcare regulations. However, outsourcing also introduces challenges such as potential communication barriers, dependency on external timelines, and the need for effective project management to ensure alignment with the organization's goals. Careful vendor selection and clear communication are crucial for successful outsourcing in the realm of HIS. The choice between in-house development and outsourcing for IS depends on various factors such as the organization's size, budget, timeline, and internal capabilities. In-house development offers greater control and adaptability but may require extensive resources. Outsourcing can be more cost-effective and time-efficient but demands careful vendor management. Some organizations adopt a hybrid approach, combining in-house and outsourced efforts to leverage the benefits of both models. Ultimately, the decision hinges on the specific needs, goals, and constraints of the healthcare institution seeking to implement or enhance its IS. The process described in the previous chapter is made possible usually by a team of professionals with diverse skills and expertise to ensure the successful development, deployment, and maintenance of the system. In successfully implementing an information system, the team should be formed of the following:  
* Project Manager: Is responsible for overall project planning, coordination, and execution. They ensure that the project stays on schedule, within budget, and meets the defined objectives. * Product managers/owners represent the voice of the customer and are responsible for defining product requirements, prioritizing features, and ensuring that the development team delivers value to users. * Business Analyst: Works closely with stakeholders to gather and analyze requirements, identify business needs, and translate them into functional specifications for the information system. * Systems analyst analyzes existing systems, processes, and workflows to identify areas for improvement and develop system requirements. They bridge the gap between business needs and technical solutions. * Software developers/Engineers: Responsible for designing, coding, testing, and implementing software applications or modules that make up the information system. They may specialize in frontend, backend, or full-stack development. * Database administrators (DBAs) manage and maintain the databases that store the organization's data.