# The _Ampd1_ Gene's rs17602729 Polymorphism and Athletic Performance in Track and Field Athletes
###### Abstract  
The aim of the current study was to determine whether the rs17602729 polymorphism in the Adenosine monophosphate deaminase-1 (_AMPDI_) gene is related to elite athlete performance. A total of 60 elite athletes, aged 18-35, who were split into two groups--31 sprimters/power athletes and 29 endurance athletes--as well as 20 control/sedentary individuals, willingly participated in the study. The performance levels of the athletes, based on their personal bests (PBs), were rated using the World Athletics (WA) score. Whole exome sequencing (WES) was performed on the genomic DNA that was extracted from the subjects' blood samples. Using linear regression models, the study sought to determine the relationship between the athletes' PPs, sex, and sport type and the rs17602729 polymorphism both within and between the groups. The distribution of the GG, GA, and AA genotypes of the rs17602729 polymorphism differed significantly within and between the groups, according to the data (\(p<0.05\)). Nonetheless, no statistically significant variations were observed in the correlation between the athletes' PBs and the rs17602729 polymorphism among the groups (\(p>0.05\)). In conclusion, the G allele of the _ADMPI_ rs17602729 polymorphism appears to provide a benefit to sprimters and power athletes. Nonetheless, to confirm this hypothesis, additional research with more participants and a multi-genetic analysis approach is required. AMPDI; athletes; endurance athletes; rs17602729; polymorphism; sprimters; power athletes; Turkish population +
Footnote †: journal: Applied Sciences  
that the training and physiological fitness levels of athletes may be limited by their genetic capacities and that genetic factors must be considered to achieve the optimal performance levels [5]. For example, the genetic profile of athletes can be a key factor in defining their potential physiological abilities and how these abilities can be enhanced, the strategies they can employ to optimize their circulatory system using certain nutrients, and the approaches they can adopt to assess their non-impact injury risk [6]. Research in the field of sports genetics has revealed that over 200 genes have been linked to athletic performance [2]. Some of the crucial genes that have been identified include Alpha-actinin-3 (_ACTN3_), Angiotensin-I-converting enzyme (_ACE_), Bradykinin receptor B2 (_BDKRB2_), Endothelial nitric oxide synthase 3 (_NOS3_), Alpha-2A adrenergic receptor genes (_ADRA2A_, _ADRA2B_, and _ADRA2C_), Peroxisome proliferatorator-activated receptors (_PPAR_), Peroxisome proliferatorator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1a (_PPARC1A_), Vitamin D receptor (_VDR_), Erythropoietin (_EPO_), and C-Reactive protein (_CRP_) [7; 8; 9; 10]. It has been reported that specific polymorphisms in these genes may be associated with the type of sport parameters affected and the performance of athletes. Similar association studies have been conducted and reported in different populations and for diverse genes and sports disciplines [1; 11; 12; 13; 14]. Considering this information, the impact of genetic factors on athletic performance holds significant importance in the development of training programs and in maximizing athletes' physical and physiological potential. This knowledge would enable athletes to understand their genetic backgrounds and use these findings to enhance their performances. Adenosine monophosphate deaminase-1 (_AMPDI_) is another fundamental gene attracting the interest of sports scientists due to its association with athletic performance, opening up a new and exciting field for future research. The enzyme AMPD encoded by the _AMPDI_ gene is crucial in the production of energy within the skeletal muscles. AMPD plays a pivotal role in regulating the energy metabolism of the skeletal muscles during physical activity. The enzyme AMPD facilitates the conversion of adenosine monophosphate (AMP) into inosine monophosphate (IMP).