# Recognition of Hand Gesture Sequences by Accelerometers and Gyroscopes
## 4 Experimental Results
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c c c c c c} \hline \hline  & \(\mathbf{H_{1}}\) & \(\mathbf{H_{2}}\) & \(\mathbf{H_{3}}\) & \(\mathbf{H_{4}}\) & \(\mathbf{H_{5}}\) & \(\mathbf{H_{6}}\) & \(\mathbf{H_{7}}\) & \(\mathbf{H_{8}}\) & \(\mathbf{H_{9}}\) & \(\mathbf{H_{10}}\) & \(\mathbf{H_{11}}\) & **Ave.** \\ \hline PairNet & 70.35 & 90.19 & 72.14 & 86.43 & 99.12 & 97.93 & 98.23 & 98.16 & 94.05 & 100.00 & 99.54 & 92.36 \\ \hline Res. & \multirow{2}{*}{81.86} & \multirow{2}{*}{96.98} & \multirow{2}{*}{82.66} & \multirow{2}{*}{97.29} & \multirow{2}{*}{99.12} & \multirow{2}{*}{97.93} & \multirow{2}{*}{98.99} & \multirow{2}{*}{96.63} & \multirow{2}{*}{92.57} & \multirow{2}{*}{100.00} & \multirow{2}{*}{99.54} & \multirow{2}{*}{95.30} \\ PairNet & & & & & & & & & & & \\ \hline PairNet & \multirow{2}{*}{75.66} & \multirow{2}{*}{91.70} & \multirow{2}{*}{75.85} & \multirow{2}{*}{91.09} & \multirow{2}{*}{99.12} & \multirow{2}{*}{99.11} & \multirow{2}{*}{97.73} & \multirow{2}{*}{99.69} & \multirow{2}{*}{92.57} & \multirow{2}{*}{100.00} & \multirow{2}{*}{99.54} & \multirow{2}{*}{94.00} \\ w. Incep. & & & & & & & & & & & \\ \hline Res. PairNet & \multirow{2}{*}{77.88} & \multirow{2}{*}{95.47} & \multirow{2}{*}{75.23} & \multirow{2}{*}{92.25} & \multirow{2}{*}{98.95} & \multirow{2}{*}{98.82} & \multirow{2}{*}{98.99} & \multirow{2}{*}{97.55} & \multirow{2}{*}{94.05} & \multirow{2}{*}{100.00} & \multirow{2}{*}{99.54} & \multirow{2}{*}{94.10} \\ w. Incep. & & & & & & & & & & & \\ \hline CNN & \multirow{2}{*}{69.03} & \multirow{2}{*}{74.72} & \multirow{2}{*}{70.90} & \multirow{2}{*}{85.66} & \multirow{2}{*}{99.12} & \multirow{2}{*}{97.34} & \multirow{2}{*}{96.97} & \multirow{2}{*}{96.93} & \multirow{2}{*}{92.94} & \multirow{2}{*}{99.07} & \multirow{2}{*}{99.54} & \multirow{2}{*}{90.42} \\
[22] & & & & & & & & & & & \\ \hline LSTM & \multirow{2}{*}{70.35} & \multirow{2}{*}{72.83} & \multirow{2}{*}{65.63} & \multirow{2}{*}{78.29} & \multirow{2}{*}{98.60} & \multirow{2}{*}{97.04} & \multirow{2}{*}{89.14} & \multirow{2}{*}{93.25} & \multirow{2}{*}{79.55} & \multirow{2}{*}{99.54} & \multirow{2}{*}{99.07} & \multirow{2}{*}{86.87} \\
[8] & & & & & & & & & & & \\ \hline Bi-LSTM & \multirow{2}{*}{70.80} & \multirow{2}{*}{88.68} & \multirow{2}{*}{73.07} & \multirow{2}{*}{81.01} & \multirow{2}{*}{97.90} & \multirow{2}{*}{97.34} & \multirow{2}{*}{87.12} & \multirow{2}{*}{90.18} & \multirow{2}{*}{84.01} & \multirow{2}{*}{97.22} & \multirow{2}{*}{99.54} & \multirow{2}{*}{88.66} \\
[19] & & & & & & & & & & & \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 4: The comparisons on hit rates (in percentage) of various algorithms. Both gyroscope and accelerometer are used for the corresponding implementations. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Algorithm** & **Highest** & **Mean** & **Lowest** & **Standard** \\
**Hit Rate** & **Hit Rate** & **Hit Rate** & **Deviation** \\ \hline PairNet & 92.36 & 90.19 & 87.39 & \(1.48\times 10^{-2}\) \\ Res. PairNet & 95.30 & 93.60 & 91.36 & \(1.22\times 10^{-2}\) \\ PairNet w. Incep. & 94.00 & 91.37 & 89.62 & \(1.54\times 10^{-2}\) \\ Res. PairNet w. Incep. & 94.10 & 91.93 & 89.86 & \(1.34\times 10^{-2}\) \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 5: Statistical evaluation on the hit rates (in percentage) of various algorithms. However, it can be observed in Table 4 that the proposed algorithms still has superior hit rates over the Bi-LSTM. To further elaborate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithms, the confusion matrix of the Residual PairNet is revealed in Table 6. The confusion matrix reveals information about actual and predicted gesture classifications by the proposed algorithm. In the confusion matrix, the cell located at row \(i\) and column \(j\) represents the percentage in which the gesture in the row \(i\) is classified as the gesture in the column \(j\). The hit rate \(H_{i}\) is then the value of the cell at row \(i\) and column \(i\) of the confusion matrix.