# Virtual Design and Construction (VDC) Framework: A Current Review, Update and Discussion
## 6 Conclusions  
Like a technology, an ideology, or the construction industry, VDC is a living framework that evolves while maintaining its core principles and concepts. Its specific application and evolution will depend on the current level of technology, the new tendencies to systematize processes and how the organization of a project is managed. This paper focused on the  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c} \hline \hline  & **Product** & **Organization** & **Process** & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Project Outcome**} \\ \cline{4-5}  & & & & **Objective** & **Result** \\ \hline
**El Camino** & & & & & \\
**MOB** [64] & BIM & Co-location in “Big & Last Planner System & Reduction on schedule & Saved 9\% of the budget and ended \\  & & Room” & Last Planner System & and budget by clearing & Saved 9\% of the budget and ended \\  & & & & & MEP rework & six months earlier \\
**Gjonneshagen** & BIM & ICE Sessions & Last Planner System & Reduction in the project & Schedule \\
**[45]** & BIM & ICE Sessions & with Autodesk BIM & Reduction in the project &
\begin{tabular}{c} Design schedule \\ accelerated six \\ months \\ \end{tabular} \\
**Tiedemannsbyen** & BIM & Co-location in “Big & Last Planner System & Reduction in the project &
\begin{tabular}{c} Design schedule \\ accelerated by six \\ months \\ \end{tabular} \\
**El Broad** & BIM and 4D & Virtual ICE & Project Production & Improve plant & Project delivered \\
**mining unit** & model & Sessions & Management (PPM) & on time \\
**[66]** & & & & & \\  & & & & & \\  & & & & & \\  & & & & & \\  & & & & & \\  & & & & & \\
**Civil Engineering** & & & & & \\
**Laboratories** & BIM & Virtual ICE & Project Production & conceptual design that & purchase order \\
**[67]** & BIM & Sessions & Management (PPM) & fulfills the installation, & was requested one \\
**[67]** & & & & & \\  & & & & & month before the \\
**Centro de** & & & & & \\
**Bienestar** & BIM and 3D & ICE Sessions & Project Production & Optimize vehicle flow & Non-productive \\
**Universitario** & point-cloud & & Management (PPM) & by reducing concrete & concrete mixers’ \\
**[68]** & & & & & time of entry was \\  & & & & & decreased by 30\% \\  & & & & & Reduce the time of \\
**Ovalo Monitor** & & & & & \\
**Bridge** [69] & BIM & ICE Sessions & Project Production & structural element & Time save of 31\% \\  & & & & & in the execution of \\  & & & & \\  & & & & & the structural \\  & & & & reinforced cages & elements \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}
Table 3: VDC elements found in the case studies.  
solid foundations and models on which VDC was founded by CIFE back in 2001 (product, organization, process) and how they have shaped the VDC elements and framework (such as BIM, ICE and PPM) to bring a solution to the constant challenges encountered in the construction industry.  
Seven successful case studies support this claim, achieving expected benefits related to cost and schedule (as client objectives). Likewise, the bibliographical review and results analysis corroborated the interdependence in the VDC elements and their direct relationship with the original POP model.  
A proven production objective list was also shared as a starting point for new VDC implementations. Finally, VDC demonstrates through academia and practice its myriad benefits in managing projects and integrating teams to obtain the best outcomes in construction.