## 4 Experiments and Discussion
By the 20 th generation, the fitness value of all users reached more than 7, and the highest fitness was close to 9.6. This shows that after 20 generations of optimization, the Cultural Color IGA algorithm can significantly improve fitness, making the final design scheme reach a high level in the evaluation of users;
4. Individual differences: Although the 10 curves show similar overall trends, each curve fluctuates slightly differently in magnitude and growth rates, reflecting individual differences between users. For example, the fitness of some users grows faster in the first few generations, while the fitness of others grows more significantly in the later generations. This difference may reflect the adaptive adjustment ability of the Cultural Color IGA algorithm under different user needs or preferences so that the evaluation results of each user can be personalized in the optimization process;
5. Peak and final fitness: In the 20 th generation, the fitness of all users has exceeded 7 points, indicating that the Cultural Color IGA algorithm can provide a design scheme with high fitness for all users under a certain algebra and meet the quality requirements of cultural design. The highest fitness reaches 9.6, which shows the ability of the Cultural Color IGA algorithm to explore the optimal solution. Figure 21: Comparison of user evaluation numbers. In order to verify the effectiveness of the proposed intelligent dynamic color-matching method, the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method [32; 33] was used to evaluate the color application scheme in Figure 18, and the evaluation index \(U=(u1,u2,u3)=(\text{color richness},\) color harmony, and color reproduction) was determined. A five-component scale was used to determine the rating of the evaluation, \(V=(v1,v2,v3,v4,v5)=(\text{excellent, good, fair, poor, very poor})\). To ensure the scientific nature of the evaluation and the rationality of the weight distribution, three types of experts were invited to assign weight scores to each indicator: experts in traditional culture and art research on Yungang, experts in color design and visual communication, and experts in color science and data analysis. During the weight distribution process, experts from various fields discussed the importance of color richness, color harmony, and color reproduction based on their professional knowledge and practical needs. They ultimately reached a consensus and determined the weight coefficients as \(W=(0.3,0.3,0.4)\). This weight allocation scheme reflects a balance between traditional cultural and design needs while also considering the scientific and rational aspects of the evaluation process. It provides a solid theoretical foundation for verifying the effectiveness of the intelligent color-matching method. Then, an explanation of relevant terminology and training on grading scales were provided to 100 design major university students who participated in the survey, aiming to minimize the influence of subjective factors on the evaluation results. The training covered the following content:  
1. Color Richness: Refers to the diversity and saturation level of the colors in a color scheme, reflecting the visual expressiveness and attractiveness of the scheme;
2. Color Harmony: Measures the coordination and visual balance between the colors in a color scheme, involving contrast, gradient, and equilibrium;
3. Color Reproduction: Refers to how faithfully the color scheme reflects the original color features of the Yungang Grottoes, embodying its historical and artistic value. Before the survey, to ensure participants had normal color recognition abilities, all respondents underwent a pre-screening for color vision. First, participants were asked if they had known color vision impairments; then, they underwent a further color recognition ability screening using standard Ishihara color blindness charts. This rigorous screening process ensured that all participants had no color blindness or color vision deficiencies, thus ensuring the scientific and effective nature of the survey results.