# Impact of Mining Disturbance on Highway Sustainability:
## 4 Conclusions  
This study introduces an advanced methodology integrating the stochastic Pataric-Stojanovic model within the MITSOUKO software package and GIS spatial analysis to predict subsidence and deformations induced by underground exploitation at the Aleksinac coal mine. Additionally, it evaluates the sustainability of the E75 (A1) Belgrade-Nis highway, specifically the Aleksinacki rudnici section. Key conclusions drawn from the study include the following:  
1. Geodetic measurements conducted across the Northern District of the Morava Pit (Aleksinac mine) confirmed the reliability of the stochastic Pataric-Stojanovic method for prognostic calculations of subsidence caused by mining activities;
2. Consideration was given to the re-exploitation of the coal deposit in the Southern district of the Morava Pit after over three decades of closure. Through the application of the MITSOUKO software based on the Pataric-Stojanovic method, as well as GIS spatial analysis, modeling of land subsidence and deformations was conducted, assessing their impact on the highway section;
3. The prognosis of highway subsidence and deformations resulting from underground coal excavation with risk analysis for the highway, utilizing the stochastic method, constitutes a significant and realistic research endeavor with implications for the mining profession and practice. 4. The stochastic Pataric-Stojanovic theory holds promise for addressing complex challenges worldwide related to the displacement of undermined terrain resulting from underground coal exploitation;
5. The findings demonstrate the reliability of the proposed method that permits estimating and planning the exploitation of underground coal resources from an environmental sustainability point of view. This research forms a crucial component of the feasibility study for reactivating the Aleksinac mine, potentially offering valuable and profitable solutions amid the current energy crisis. Long-term residual subsidence can have cumulative effects on the E75 highway, leading to differential settlement, cracks, and potential structural instability over time. To mitigate these effects, continuous geodetic monitoring should be implemented, allowing for early detection of deformations. Additionally, adaptive engineering solutions, such as soil stabilization techniques, controlled drainage systems, and flexible pavement designs, should be considered to accommodate gradual terrain movements. A proactive maintenance strategy based on real-time data integration from monitoring networks will be essential for ensuring the long-term resilience of the highway infrastructure. * A major contribution of this research is its practical application in infrastructure protection, particularly for the E75 highway. The ability to predict not only subsidence magnitude but also associated tilts and curvatures enhances risk assessment and mitigation strategies. These findings are particularly relevant for policymakers and infrastructure managers, enabling data-driven decision-making in planning and maintaining transportation networks exposed to subsidence risks. By utilizing this approach, authorities can proactively assess the economic viability of mining projects and implement necessary protective measures to prevent costly damage to critical infrastructure. * Future work should focus on refining model parameters with additional field data and expanding its application to other infrastructure types, ensuring broader applicability and improved accuracy in subsidence prediction and risk assessment. N.M.V. : Conceptualization, Methodology, Software, Investigation, Validation, Writing--Original Draft; R.H.: Validation, Data Curation, Visualization, Formal analysis, Resources; M.M.V. : Conceptualization, Methodology, Software, Formal analysis, Writing--Review and Editing, Supervision. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.