# New Detection Paradigms to Improve Wireless Sensor Network Performance under Jamming Attacks
## 4 Analysis of Results
### Comparison with Another Jamming Detection Algorithm  
To compare our proposal with the algorithm cited in [19], we will explain better the mechanism mentioned in this work as a jamming detection method. When any of the mobile nodes or base-stations detect an attack, the node changes its frequency based on a pseudorandom sequence. If no attack is detected, it checks if the node is a base station or if it is a real node. One of the similar characteristics with our algorithm is that in both the associated nodes are informed about changing their state. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{l c c c c c c} \hline \hline  & **Retransmissions** & **CSMA Retries** & **Delay end-to-end (sec)** & **Resilience (sec)** & **Overhead (\%)** & **Energy (I)** \\ \hline
** AODV-M** & 2.92 & 4.44 & 1.47984 & 8.1 & 50 & 6.82 \\
** AODV-under Connected Mechanism** & 2.30 & 4.12 & 1.25936 & 7.3 & 46 & 6.30 \\
** AODV-under Extended Mechanism** & 2.13 & 4.02 & 1.190286 & 7.1 & 43 & 6.22 \\
**DSR-M** & 2.80 & 4.30 & 1.380409 & 7.3 & 43 & 6.51 \\
**DSR-under Connected Mechanism** & 2.27 & 3.98 & 1.24273 & 5.0 & 39 & 6.23 \\
**DSR-under Extended Mechanism** & 2.16 & 3.90 & 1.188223 & 4.8 & 35 & 6.17 \\
**MPH-M** & 2.44 & 3.82 & 0.687308 & 3.2 & 28 & 4.08 \\
**MPH-under Connected Mechanism** & 2.14 & 3.60 & 0.518376 & 3.0 & 25 & 3.86 \\
**MPH-under Extended Mechanism** & 2.06 & 3.49 & 0.441029 & 2.8 & 22 & 3.70 \\
**ZTR-M** & 2.50 & 3.90 & 0.598461 & 2.8 & 30 & 3.89 \\
**ZTR-under Connected Mechanism** & 2.55 & 3.88 & 0.568326 & 2.5 & 26 & 3.72 \\
**ZTR-under Extended Mechanism** & 2.52 & 3.83 & 0.584075 & 2.6 & 25 & 3.68 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}  
* AODV-M is modified AODV; DSR-M is modified DSR; MPH-M is modified MPH; ZTR-M is modified ZTR.  
\end{table} 
Table 6: Performance metrics under Extended Mechanism and Connected Mechanism for a non-uniform random distribution. In the algorithm quoted in [19] the reported nodes change their frequency of operation. In the mechanism proposed in this paper (connected and extended algorithms), the informed nodes change their parameters to make a detour of the affected area. Continuing with the algorithm cited in [19], in the case that the node is a base station when a node has not been informed of the attack, beacons are sent to the associated nodes, and the nodes that have not responded are searched. In the case where the node is an authentic node, if it received the change of frequency by the access point, its frequency changes. Otherwise, it listens for beacons. Then, if the beacons are not received, the node changes its frequency of operation, otherwise, it responds to the beacon. Table 7 describes the main features of each algorithm mentioned before. We have a scenario that consists of 5 nodes located in a star topology and a coordinator (6 nodes in total) to test the comparison of algorithms. This arrangement is described in Figure 11. To create a ZigBee network, it is necessary to use the CC2531 as a coordinator because the CC2650's flash is not enough to build the network. The CC2650 LaunchPad includes: External 8 Mbit Serial Flash for supporting Over the Air (OAD) firmware updates, 2x push buttons, complete contents of CC2650 EM-7 ID, the evaluation module, 2x LEDs, 2x BoosterPack connectors, standardized LaunchPad form factor XDS110 debugger with external target interface. We use the 802.15.4 protocol. Easy link is a protocol for transmitting packets and creating networks through the 2.4 Ghz frequencies. It is also possible to use the CC2650 as a sniffer, to acquire the ZigBee packages. In addition, a CC2530 node from Texas Instruments has been used as a coordinating device. The evaluation board used to program it is the SmartRF05 evaluation board. The system parameters for the experimentation setup are:  
* Experimentation area (\(m^{2}\)): 50. * Transmission range (m): 15-18. * Dimension between nodes (m): 10. * Packet rate (kbps): 250. * Protocol: ZTR. * Packet size (bytes): 100. * Number of coordinators: 1. * Number of attackers: 1. * Number of available channels: 11.