## 5 Discussion
### Sidewalks and Pedestrian Crossings  
To carry out the analysis of the different elements, current regulations, manuals, and related studies were consulted. This allowed the identification of elements in these documents that could impact the pedestrian's experience when walking to their destination. Based on this information, the elements to be studied were selected, including sidewalks and pedestrian crossings. For the descriptive method, a checklist was developed that includes the selected elements mentioned above. This checklist was designed considering the variables that may affect the pedestrian during their journey on foot. On the other hand, for the numerical method, a function \"A\" was used to weigh the elements that affected their walk, i.e., the sidewalks and pedestrian crossings were analyzed. Based on the first method used and through the checklist, various results were obtained that allow for the assessment of the accessibility of the analyzed elements according to current regulations [10]. Specifically, concerning the sidewalks, the following aspects were identified:  
* Clear differentiation between the area designated for pedestrian traffic and the area for additional elements. * A minimum width of 1.5 m for the pedestrian circulation area throughout the block. * A minimum free height of 2.1 m to ensure adequate circulation. * Absence of obstacles along the block that hinder or block pedestrian passage. * Condition of the sidewalk pavement, ensuring it is in optimal condition and free of deterioration. These results allow for the evaluation of sidewalk accessibility and determine whether they meet the standards established by current regulations [10]. It is important to mention that this evaluation is crucial for ensuring safe and comfortable mobility for pedestrians on their way to the studied transportation systems. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{l c c} \hline \hline
**Accessibility Element** & **Number of Responses** & **Percentage** \\ \hline Narrow sidewalks. & 47 & 22\% \\ There are obstacles in the pedestrian path that block your way. & 31 & 15\% \\ The pavement of the sidewalks is in poor condition. & 28 & 13\% \\ There is no presence of pedestrian ramps at the crossings. & 32 & 15\% \\ There are long distances to reach your destination. & 41 & 19\% \\ There is congestion and friction with people. & 34 & 16\% \\
**Total** & **213** & **100\%** \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 3: Survey performed at the area of study in Valparáso, Chile. In all the studied sectors, adequate differentiation between the pedestrian areas and those for additional elements was observed. However, it was found that in some sectors, the minimum width of 1.5 m required for the pedestrian area was not met. It is relevant to note that 73% of the evaluated sectors comply with this requirement, while the remaining 27% do not meet the 1.5 m width. However, according to the regulations, a minimum width of 90 cm is allowed in these cases, which is met in the 27%. Regarding the free height, it was determined that 82% of the analyzed sidewalks meet the established requirement. However, four cases were identified where this requirement was not met due to elements like trees or shop awnings interfering with the appropriate height. The study also observed that the presence of obstacles is a relevant issue, particularly in the analyzed sector. Around 55% of the pedestrian area is affected by some kind of obstacle, while the rest is free from such issues. The most common obstacles were found in kiosk areas and by street vendors, as this is a major avenue with heavy pedestrian traffic. Additionally, an analysis was carried out to determine whether these 55% of obstacles reduced the pedestrian area to less than 90 cm. The analysis showed that the entirety of this percentage was affected in terms of space due to the presence of these obstacles, which mostly consist of street vendors and kiosks located along the route.