# Integrative Factors of E-Health Laboratory Adoption: A Case of Indonesia
## 2 Literature Review  
### E-Health Laboratory in Indonesia  
E-health laboratory is a new approach in online laboratory where the concept of online laboratory was widely used in the various context such as education, training, life sciences, industry, and research [33]. An online lab enables users such as student or employee to carry out experimentation over the Internet, which is normally performed in the traditional laboratory [34]. Online experimentation has been increasing more and more its relevance in all areas since it offers remote access, enabling control and monitoring of the process [33; 34]. Similarly, an online laboratory projects starts from building the application to control online experimentation [35]. However, the research of online lab and online experimentation mostly used in the education context such as online teaching and learning [34; 35; 36; 37]. There are still limited studies related to e-health laboratory adoption. E-health laboratory systems in Indonesia vary greatly, from the traditional systems using measurement documents and coming directly to laboratories to the online service systems where people can register and fill the forms online, even receive the result either by email or web download. Several e-health laboratory systems in Indonesia were observed in this study. The first e-health laboratory system is Pesan Lab [16] that offers customers the convenience and usefulness of having a trusted partner where the system collaborates with trusted clinical labs to incorporate medical checkups. Information about the initial price and information about the lab can easily be found on the web. From the online examination results, users will get a dashboard and comprehensive lab results historically in various clinical labs in one account. This online lab system collects services from many other laboratory partners. The second laboratory system is the Veterans Pathology Laboratories [38], one that provides online services for the examination of lab samples from patients sent by doctor partners or other laboratories. This e-health laboratory system has a mission to carry out the work optimally, carefully, informatively, and communicatively. In addition, it creates a systematic, effective, and efficient work system, and it forms internal and external work teams that are strong, professional, and friendly by always paying attention to the interests of patients. The online services include histopathological examination, cytopathology examination, body fluids, Pap smear, and biopsy examination [38]. The next type of online lab service is the Caya Laboratorium [39] providing home service. This e-health laboratory provides health laboratory services for all Indonesian people. This laboratory system provides clinical laboratory examination services, medical check-ups, X-ray photographs, panoramic and cephalometric, 4D ultrasound, treadmills, electrocardiogram, audiometry, spirometry packaged in a one-stop service. This service actively provides free inspection services, free medication, quality management system training, health education for healthy lifestyles, and others. The display of an e-health laboratory in Indonesia is as seen in Figure 1. Talking about the types of e-health laboratory services is certainly inseparable from the standards set by WHO for primary health care [40; 41].