## 1 Introduction  
FAO statistics show that agriculture, hunting, fishing, and forestry supported 2.57 billion people at the start of the new millennium. This figure represents 42 percent of humanity, including those who work within these sectors and their families [1]. Therefore, agriculture is essential for the economy in most developing countries and even in industrialized countries like the USA, where agricultural exports reached $177 billion in 2021 [1]. Today, few countries are able to experience significant economic growth without agricultural development. In Cote d'Ivoire, one estimates about 47.5% of the population lives in rural areas, and the agricultural sector occupies 30.7% of the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) [2]. Thus, the State of Cote d'Ivoire has set up several Government agencies structures such as National Rural Development Support Agency (ANADER in French), the National Center for Agronomic Research of Cote d'Ivoire (CNRA in French), the Marketing of Food Products Office (OCPV in French) and the Development of Rice Cropping National Office (ONDR in French) to oversee and assist with agricultural management and development for sustainable agricultural growth and self-sufficiency of foods. Faced with the rising demand linked to population growth, the Government of Cote d'Ivoire uses these agencies to encourage traditional farmers and industrialists to use chemicals to increase their agricultural productivity [3]. Industrial (or chemical) agricultural fertilizers have emerged as an important feature to increase agricultural production and compensate for the lack of nutrients in soils subjected to intensive cultivation throughout the year or during successive years. In order to obtain the desired benefit from these fertilizers, they are brought to the plant via the soil, depending on the quantity, quality, and time of addition required, according to its growth phases and needs [4]. However, excessive and indiscriminate use of these chemical fertilizers is seen due to a lack of training on the sustainable use of chemicals and lax policy on environmental protection and quality standards. This irresponsible use has a major impact on the environment. The most recurrent phenomenon today in Cote d'Ivoire is the eutrophication of water bodies. The last decades have been marked by the eutrophication issue; this phenomenon is a form of indigestion of aquatic ecosystems stuffed with excessive amounts of nitrogen and phosphorus. In the wake of many human activities (industrial, agricultural, or domestic), these nutrients, used in particular as fertilizers for crops, are indeed dumped into waterways and groundwater [5]. Within lakes, this mass influx of nutrients results in the development of plants, such as macroalgae of the green algae type or microalgae of the phytoplankton type, which can be harmful or toxic [6]. This all-out plant proliferation can, in particular, cause a decrease in the oxygen concentration in the water and changes in biodiversity, thus leading to a degraded ecological state with a change in the structure and functioning of the ecosystems concerned [6]. The advanced eutrophication of lakes leads to water quality deterioration. Today, this phenomenon has become a major environmental problem in urban areas and fertilized agricultural basins in developing countries around the world [7]. Nutrient pollution accelerates the eutrophication process and affects lake ecosystems and human well-being by undermining ecosystem services [8]. Therefore, the eutrophication phenomenon and nutrient transfer mobilize a large scientific community. In fact, [PERSON] et al. [9] analyzed the effects of seasonal variation on water quality parameters related to eutrophication in Lake Yangzong, [PERSON] et al. [10] studied the assessment and management of lake eutrophication in Lake Erhai in China. In the same direction, an evaluation of the long-term effectiveness of the management of the Lake Rauwbraken internal load made it possible to control its eutrophication [11]. [PERSON] et al.