# Blockchain for Future Wireless Networks: A Decade Survey
## 2 Background
### Blockchain Technology
#### 2.3.2 Integration of Blockchain and WNs
The attackers can employ an adversarial AI model to degrade the performance of the WN application. This is relatively an easy task by the attacker because there is no mechanism by which one can verify at the deployment time whether the AI training model is trustworthy or not. Hence, incorporating the blockchain in smart applications of WN can help in tracking every small change that has been made in the AI model. To mitigate the aforementioned issues, [PERSON] et al. [60] presented a survey on blockchain-based security aspects in heterogeneous IoT networks. They discussed basic blockchain concepts and how it is used to resolve the SDN-based IoT platforms. Further, [PERSON] et al. [61] reviewed the blockchain-based applications through multiple domains, such as supply chain, healthcare, privacy, business, IoT, and data management. [PERSON] et al. [62] presented security methods, performance enhancement approaches, and decentralized applications based on smart contracts. They performed an exhaustive state-of-the-art comparison where they compared the blockchain-based outcomes with other existing solutions. [PERSON] et al. [63] surveyed the application of blockchain technology for smart communities. Then, [PERSON] et al. [64] reviewed blockchain-based identity management systems. [PERSON] et al. [65] examined a detailed study on blockchain-based IoT applications. They addressed the critical challenges of IoT and data security in WNs. Further, the technologies were compared in terms of applicability to the IoT scenarios. Then, [PERSON] et al. [66] presented survey on blockchain for cloud exchange (cloudEXs). The conventional cloud exchange has to suffer from data manipulation attacks by third-party auctioneers; therefore, blockchain integration with cloudEXs was proposed. They presented the survey of blockchain technology with cloud exchange in terms of security and privacy. [PERSON] et al. [67] presented a survey on system models for a 5G-enabled IoT communication environment. They conferred security requirements and security attacks in WNs. After the analysis, they compared the existing security protocols in WNs. Next, [PERSON] et al. [68] explored the blockchain-based smart contracts applications and highlighted the future potential. They discussed challenges in smart contracts that need to be resolved before deploying them to large-scale applications. [PERSON] et al. [69] analyzed the blockchain-enabled federated learning (FL) approach for trust management among UAV swarms and ground stations. They proposed beyond 5G-based UAVs architecture and considered a case study on the internet-of-military-things (IoMT) ecosystem. [PERSON] et al. [70] analyzed UAV security using blockchain with ML techniques. They introduced a hybrid blockchain model for the reliability and security perspective. [PERSON] et al. [71] proposed a comprehensive survey on blockchain-enabled VANET security solutions. They analyzed various security, privacy, application, resource management, reliability, and integration elements. They gave direction for blockchain-based security protocol in the VANET environment based on these. [PERSON] et al. [72]discussed blockchain-based solutions for security and data privacy in the IoT system. They considered consensus algorithm-based techniques for different use cases, such as smart homes and smart cities. [PERSON] et al. [73] discussed the security and privacy issue with blockchain-based solutions in the metaverse. They analyzed the security vulnerability based on the identity, network, data, and privacy. They also discussed the technologies, such as fuzzy vault, digital twin, game theory, and blockchain, to overcome the above-mentioned security issues. Many researchers have presented a survey of blockchain-based solutions for security and privacy in WN. They have discussed the implication of blockchain in the existing wireless system with the use case and analyzed their solution. However, they have not discussed security vulnerability based on the different layers.