# A Survey of GIS and IoT Integration: Applications and Architecture
## 3 GIS and IoT Integration Use Cases
### Utilities  
The application of smart utilities has gotten more attention in modern cities [113; 114]. Smart utilities cover a wide range of applications such as Waste, Water, Lighting, and Logistic Management [25; 115]. There is a tendency toward developing an intelligent utility system aiming at the delivery of city utilities to be efficient, reliable [113]. The integration of technologies such as IoT and GIS lead to making faster decisions in managing and controlling utility systems [115; 116]. For Waste Management, GIS plays a significant role mostly in optimizing the municipal waste collection system [117; 118], vehicle routing, and scheduling the systems [119; 120; 121]. GIS helps decision-makers in analyzing and simulating different spatial scenarios by providing an advanced modeling framework [117; 122]. The proliferation of sensors and the capabilities of IoT in real-time managing and monitoring holds some benefit in the waste collection too [123]. Reference [124] proposes a dynamic routing algorithm by using the cost efficiency potential of IoT. Reference [123] marks that the traditional waste collection systems were treated in a static manner by classical tools and approaches. They propose a query-based dynamic scheduling model to deal with the challenges caused by data streams. As an example of GIS and IoT integration, Reference [125] introduces a waste bin monitoring system in which RFID and GIS are used respectively to collect data and as a visually monitoring platform. Reference [126] proposes a GIS-IoT-based garbage collector monitoring system to gather statistical data about the containers in different parts of the city. For Lighting, two problems are faced by most researchers. First, lighting data does not satisfy the proper spatial resolution. Besides, collecting data by measurement campaigns is costly [127; 128]. A networked lighting system would be advantageous in local optimizations of illumination due to the presence of sensors [129]. Integrating such systems with IoT will result in remote management [128]. In addition, smart lighting is introduced as one of the most relevant uses of IoT in smart cities by The IoT European Research Cluster (IERC) [18]. The research performed by [127] indicates a need for a more effective lighting infrastructure in urban areas not only to bring luminance but also to provide safety for citizens. Therefore, they proposed a local illuminance GIS mapping. GIS is used to store automatically the ID of the sensors, light measurement data, the timestamp of the measurement, and the GPS position. Besides a tool for storing data, GIS is responsible for processing and displaying the information through the map of the quality of streetlights which can also be interpreted by quantitative indexes which area suffers from a low-security level. Therefore, GIS as a mapping tool and IoT by the cost-efficiency potential can be beneficial in lighting issues of cities. Traditional lighting systems suffer from a lack of efficiency in monitoring and are costly in energy and price too [130]. In this research, a monitoring and control scheme by exploiting GIS and ZigBee is proposed to analyze the real-time operating parameters of lighting equipment in order to come up with a strategy to control the system. The use of GIS as a visualization tool, and the use of IoT as an energy-saving implementation were noticeable in their study. For Water Management, digital maps and special tools in GIS can enhance the efficiency of sewage networks [131]. ArcCatalog and ArcGIS can be used as network design and analysis tools [132]. The network, designed in ArcCatalog, holds benefits in designing and implementing sewage systems [133; 134], analyzing and monitoring such systems [135; 136], and simulating like that of urban sewage flow volume [137; 138]. Reference [139] marks the significant role of monitoring and controlling systems in water supply and sewage facilities.