## 3 Results and Discussion
### Impacts of Falling Dust on Soil
The results in Figure 8, which shows the quantity of dust collected (ton ha\({}^{-1}\)) at various dates and locations (S1 to S20), illustrate the impact of wind erosion and dust deposition. The temporal variation perspective reveals an increase in dust deposition at most sites, such as S1, S2, S6, and S11, from June 20 to July 10. This rise may be attributed to seasonal variations or specific meteorological conditions that enhance soil particle movement. The peak dust deposition occurred between July 10 and July 20, with S11 recording the highest value (0.00616 tons ha\({}^{-1}\)) on July 20, likely due to intense wind events or localized soil disturbances. This peak is consistent across most locations, though its magnitude varies. By July 30, the dust deposition notably decreased, indicating slower wind speeds, soil surface stabilization, or vegetation growth that reduced wind erosion. By the end of August, dust levels were minimal at all locations, ranging from 0.00058 to 0.00060 ton ha\({}^{-1}\) at S4 and S19. Additionally, Figure 7 provides information on wind erosion patterns over time by displaying the amount of wind surface (ton ha\({}^{-1}\)) at different periods and places (S1 to S20). From June 20 to July 20, the data indicate an overall rise in the amount of wind surface at most places. S11 grew from 0.00635 to 0.00951 ton ha\({}^{-1}\), while S1 climbed from 0.00579 to 0.00823 ton ha\({}^{-1}\). Spatially, sites like S11, S6, and S1 consistently showed higher dust displacement throughout the study period, likely due to factors such as soil composition, land use, or exposure to dominant wind patterns, making these areas more susceptible to wind erosion. In contrast, areas like S5, S9, and S10 often have lower dust accumulation, possibly due to more vegetation cover, less exposed soil, or lower wind speeds. This analysis correlates with Table 1, which presents climatic parameters, such as humidity, wind speed, solar radiation, and precipitation. Locations with higher humidity, like S6 and S7, and relatively consistent wind speeds, such as S1, S2, and S6, align with the observed patterns of dust deposition and erosion. Humidity increased across most locations from June to August, with sites like S1 rising from 3589 g km\({}^{-3}\) in June to 5073 g km\({}^{-3}\) in August, potentially affecting dust movement. Wind speeds show a slight decline from June to August, particularly at S1, where it drops from 3.1 s m\({}^{-1}\) to 2.5 s m\({}^{-1}\). This stability or decline in wind speeds may contribute to the predictable patterns of dust deposition and reduced erosion by late August. Because the soil is more susceptible to wind erosion, this time frame probably correlates to a peak in wind erosion activity. This could be because of greater winds or decreased soil moisture. Most areas exhibit a decline in wind surface values after 20 July. S11, for instance, drops from 0.00951 ton ha\({}^{-1}\) to 0.00401 ton ha\({}^{-1}\) on 15 August. Changes in weather, such as lower wind speeds or higher humidity, which aids in soil consolidation, may be the cause of this drop. However, S11 consistently showed the highest wind surface values across all dates, peaking at 0.00951 ton ha\({}^{-1}\) on 20 July. Similarly, S1 also showed high values, peaking at 0.00823 ton ha\({}^{-1}\). These locations may be more prone to wind erosion due to factors like loose soil, as indicated by measured sandy loam and loamy sand textures in S11 and S1, respectively (Table 3). Other factors may include lack of vegetation, or direct exposure to prevailing winds. Locations like S5, S9, and S10 generally exhibit lower wind surface values. For example, S5 peaked at 0.00537 ton ha\({}^{-1}\) on 20 July, which is relatively lower than the peaks at S11 and S1. These areas might have characteristics that protect against wind erosion, such as denser vegetation or soil types less susceptible to wind transport.