## 1 Introduction  
The advent of Industry 5.0 marks a new phase in the industrial transformation process. According to the European Commission (EC) this paradigm provides a transformative vision for industry as a driver of sustainability, resilience, and human-centricity [1]. In contrast to the focus of Industry 4.0, which was to ensure that all industrial sectors make optimal use of new technologies and manage their transition towards higher value digitized products and processes [2], Industry 5.0 emphasizes a more human-centric approach, even if specific concepts related to the human-machine interaction, as the Digital Twin approaches, are still included in the concept of Industry 4.0. In this regard, it has to be underlined that the focus of Industry 5.0 concept is based on the rising of the human-centric approach. This not only aims at production efficiency but also at the creation of safer, more inclusive and cognitively optimized working environments through collaboration between humans and machines. This shift in perspective represents a significant challenge for modern industry, which must reorient its processes to integrate advanced technologies with the psychophysical needs of workers. A crucial element of this transformation is the optimization of human factors, which encompass the physical, cognitive, and emotional dimensions that influence workers' capacity to interact effectively with complex systems. The aim of Industry 5.0 is to create work environments where human decision-making, experience, and creativity are enhanced rather than replaced, through the use of emerging technologies such as artificial intelligence (AI), collaborative robotics and cyber-physical systems. However, the introduction of cobots, semi-automated interfaces and adaptive systems entails new cognitive and psychological responsibilities for workers [3], who must adapt rapidly to evolving technologies, process real-time information and operate in highly interconnected environments. Consequently, there is a need for a comprehensive understanding of the dynamics governing human-machine interaction (HMI). In response to these challenges, neurophysiological methodologies offer a valuable perspective for analyzing and improving this type of collaboration. Techniques such as electroencephalography (EEG), eye movement monitoring (eye-tracking), electrodermal activity (EDA), photoplethysmography (PPG) and electrocardiogram (ECG) facilitate objective measurement of cognitive and emotional states, thereby providing valuable data for the design of ergonomic interfaces, adaptive support systems and customized training programmes. These measures are distinguished from subjective evaluation questionnaires, e.g., NASA Task Load Index [4] for the detection of perceived mental workload, and behavioural parameters by their objectivity, high temporal resolution and ability to reveal implicit mechanisms of the human body. Previous reviews have explored related aspects of human factors and Industry 5.0, but none have specifically focused on the comprehensive analysis of neurophysiological methodologies and their ability to address the identified gaps. For example, [PERSON] and colleagues [5] conducted a comprehensive study of human factors, sensory principles, and commercial solutions for human-centred working operations in Industry 5.0 but did not delve into the detailed analysis of neurophysiological methods. Similarly, [PERSON] and collaborators [6] presented a scoping review of human-robot interaction research towards Industry 5.0 human-centric workplaces but did not focus on the specific contribution of neurophysiological methodologies. This review addresses the gap in the existing literature by providing a detailed overview of the applications of neurophysiological methodologies in the evaluation and optimization of human factors in Industry 5.0.