## 1 Introduction  
Extensive maxillofacial defects have always been a challenge to reconstruct due to varied structures, including the auric, orbit, nose and oral cavity. The reconstruction of lost tissues and organs is an important functional and aesthetic aspect, which improves a patient's self-esteem and quality of life. Complex maxillofacial defects can be reconstructed surgically or prosthetically with an epithesis [1]. Most facial defects arise as a result of an oncological resection, followed by trauma (e.g., gunshot wounds) and congenital defects (e.g., hemifical microsmonia). Typical sites of facial defects include the orbit, nose and auric. The most common causes of orbital excenteration and ear or nose resection are skin malignancies [1, 2]. Surgical reconstructions of extensive maxillofacial defects are often multi-stage procedures associated with the risk of donor and recipient site morbidity [1]. Maxillofacial defects can be reconstructed with local and free flaps [3, 4, 5]. However, it is difficult to achieve satisfactory results after surgical reconstruction of extensive defects. Another problem is time. Hospitalizations, often multiple, result from multi-stage surgical procedures. In addition, most of the oncological patients who require reconstruction are elderly and have multiple comorbidities, which increase the risk of complications during general anesthesia. In addition, a complete closure of the post-resection defect with flaps makes clinical examinations difficult in proper assessment of the postoperative field for local recurrence. In these cases, oncological follow-up is based on computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging. In addition, some patients simply refuse further surgical interventions. Maxillofacial prosthetics might be applied in patients where satisfying surgical reconstruction is almost impossible due to such factors as poor prognosis, comorbidities, lack of patient's consent, affected healing due to scarring, and earlier surgical reconstruction failures. An epithesis might be also used along with surgical reconstruction [6]. Facial prostheses provide not only an aesthetic solution by covering an affected area but also functional benefits such as warming the air, maintaining the humidity of the upper aerodigestive tract, modulating speech, and providing support for eyeglasses [1]. Prosthetic reconstruction also exerts a significant psychological impact on self-esteem and quality of life of a patient with a maxillofacial defect [7; 8]. New digital technologies are now widely used in the manufacture of facial prostheses. The continuous improvements in the quality of facial area scanning, computer sculpting, and the accuracy of three-dimensional (3D) printing have revolutionized the entire process, which can be performed in a multi-directional way. Cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) is now widely available in dental offices and hospitals. A face scan performed in CBCT is costless, fast, and avoids the need for taking a facial impression. Combining new media and analogue techniques enables generating more complex epitheses than ever before. Zbrush software creates high-precision 3D models including skin texture. The crucial difference between Zbrush and other software dedicated to 3D modeling results from the creative features of Zbrush that increase users' comfort and give them more freedom while producing complex organic shapes [9]. It is easier to prepare a 3D model ready for 3D printing or to 3D print a mold ready for cast in silicone. The digitalization of epithesis formation has also created key solutions for the communication stages of each project, as this makes it possible to consult on a particular model with other team members and/or the patient by sending and resending 3D model data files. Moreover, 3D printing nowadays is a new technology that enables the faster production of facial epitheses, with greater accuracy and efficiency [8].