# Operationalisation of Building Inspections and Repair: Systematisation-Based Approach
## 3 Results
### Most Common Diagnosis Methods to Prepare an Inspection
#### 3.1.3 Diagnosis Methods in Floorings
In epoxy resin floorings, blistering is a serious concern. Osmotic blistering [66] may occur in the early stages of the service life of the flooring, which is a phenomenon not fully understood but mainly associated with design and execution measures. Loss of adhesion can also be an issue in vinyl and linoleum floors, mainly associated with the presence of water in the bonding layer, which may break the bond [67], causing permanent damage. Therefore, defects A-B4, A-C1, A-C2, A-C3, A-C4, and A-C10 affect varied types of floorings differently, but, in general terms, the defects that may result in some kind of flatness deficiencies are those considered more severe. All of these defects may have that effect. Also, in Table 13, the results referring to the diagnosis methods associated with the most relevant correlations are presented. It is found that, for floorings inspection, the \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{p{42.7 pt} p{42.7 pt} p{42.7 pt} p{42.7 pt} p{42.7 pt} p{42.7 pt} p{42.7 pt} p{42.7 pt}} \hline \hline \multirow{3}{*}{**Building Element/**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Defects That**} & \multicolumn{1}{p{42.7 pt}}{} & \multicolumn{1}{p{42.7 pt}}{} & \multicolumn{1}{p{42.7 pt}}{} & \multicolumn{1}{p{42.7 pt}}{} & \multicolumn{1}{p{42.7 pt}}{} & \multicolumn{1}{p{42.7 pt}}{} & \multicolumn{1}{p{42.7 pt}}{} & \multicolumn{1}{p{42.7 pt}}{} \\
\begin{tabular}{c} D-A5, \\ D-A5, D-A6 \\ D-A6 \\ \end{tabular} \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}  
Note: refer to Table 3 and Table 1 for the designation of each defect and diagnosis method, respectively.  
\end{table} 
Table 13: Analysis of the results for floorings based on the new inter-defects correlation matrix considering diagnosis methods. most likely methods to be used, besides visual inspection, are \"D-A4 Tell-tale gauge and gypsum testimonies\", \"D-A5 Crack width ruler and crack-measuring microscope\", and \"D-A6 Mechanical strain gauge\". All these methods are useful for measuring cracks or joints and they complement each other. Method D-A4 is used to quantify and/or monitor the width of cracks, assess the stability of cracks, determine the movement trend through the analysis of readings over time, and provide evidence for establishing cause-effect relationships according to the actions or occurrences to which the building is subjected. The tell-tale gauge is a small piece of equipment applied on the surface of floorings or claddings. First, the measuring points are defined with traces of about 20 cm, and each one is numbered. Next, to monitor displacements parallel to the test plane, the two acrylic glass plates that make up the tell-tale gauge are well attached to each side of the crack along the direction closest to the perpendicular direction to the crack so that the centre of the grid coincides with the centre of the crack and with the previously marked line. Then, the width of the crack is monitored by directly reading the displacement and observing the relative position of the crosshairs (reference traces, usually red) compared to the grid. Finally, the observed values are recorded, and the defect can be mapped using location and orientation data, as well as the progression information. As for gypsum testimonies, they help determine the degree of stabilisation of cracks through monitoring over time. For that purpose, a mortar of pure gypsum with 70% water is used to execute a patch centred on the crack and fixed to both sides. The patch should be detached from the crack itself using paper tape. Afterwards, periodic verification should check the occurrence of breakage in the patch, revealing the degree of activity of the crack. \"D-A5 Crack width ruler and crack-measuring microscope\" refers to the use of these two instruments to quantify the width of cracks. The crack width ruler is used for direct readings of the width of cracks, placing the instrument over the building element and matching the lines with the crack under analysis, running the lines from smallest to largest until one matches the width of the crack, thus finding the corresponding value.