## 1 Introduction  
Additive manufacturing (AM), also known as 3D printing or rapid manufacturing, is gaining the significant attention of researchers from both industry and academia [1]. AM is defined by the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) as _\"the process of joining materials to make objects from 3D model data, usually layer upon layer\"_[2]. The application of AM has evolved from rapid prototyping and tooling to industrial manufacturing technology to produce structural load-bearing parts [3; 4]. It is a disruptive technology that competes with conventional manufacturing. AM eliminates or reduces the requirement for building the spare parts inventory and changes the way logistics and manufacturing are carried out in a supply chain (SC). AM can reduce the inventory of raw materials and its associated costs, such as order costs, transportation, and inventory cost. Instead of storing a high inventory of physical spare parts, the storage of material is considered, and it requires less space and enables the production of a wide range of products. AM technology enables the manufacturing of a variety of products with a high level of customization which leads to reduced production costs, lead times, raw material usage, and SC complexity [5]. AM is considered to have the potential to change the spare parts industry because it helps in reducing the overall cost, including inventory costs; as with AM, less raw materials and less inventory space are needed, and therefore it helps to boost SC efficiency and robustness. Thus, whenever a part is demanded, AM technology can be used to print the parts immediately, enabling the need for less physical storage space and cutting inventory holding costs across the supply chain [6]. AM enables on-demand and on-site production, shortening lead times significantly [7] and consequently reducing downtime costs. However, AM raw materials are usually expensive [8]. Therefore, a trade-off between the raw material parameters (inventory, order frequency, and demand quantity) is required to justify the adoption of AM into spare parts SC. The reduction of high levels of inventory can also be one of the motivations of many industries to adopt AM [9]. Spare parts management is an important part of many capital-intensive businesses, which have a direct impact on the availability of high-value capital assets. Lifecycles of advanced capital goods usually last many years, and more than 60% of their costs are related to management. Spare parts management of such goods is important because the downtime of the equipment for the lack of spare parts can cause a significant loss to the company [10; 11]. The implementation of AM in spare parts SC can be commercially beneficial [12]. Additive manufacturing has been introduced in various industries, such as healthcare, automotive, consumer goods, and electronics. It has had a significant impact, especially in the aerospace industry. A study recently suggested that the use of AM can provide over a 60% reduction in weight compared to the original nacelle hinge bracket of the Airbus A320 [11]. Therefore, there is an opportunity to use AM in the oil and gas (O&G) industry because of the involvement of many high-value capital goods and a longer waiting time for the spares. Many reviews were previously conducted in the areas of SC and AM. For example, [PERSON] et al. [8] conducted a systematic review of AM based on the supply chain operations reference (SCOR) model and highlighted the benefits and challenges of AM. [PERSON] et al. [13] explored AM research domains in management, industry, and economics, focusing on SC, AM technology selection, production cost models, product design, environmental aspects, strategic challenges, manufacturing systems, open-source innovation, and business models and economics. [PERSON] [14] analyzed the impact of AM on industry, business, and society. [PERSON] et al. [12] also mentioned that most spare parts could be manufactured via additive manufacturing.