## 7 Conclusions  
The CE concept provides a path to sustainability by reversing the existing patterns of fast resource depletion and waste production. Engaging in product life extension activities such as reuse and remanufacturing makes it possible to preserve and recover the economic value normally lost in the conventional linear system. Remanufacturing is considered one of the best options to restore economic value and reduce waste generation. Therefore, this study focuses on adopting remanufacturing to transform the linear model into the circular model. As long as the CE processes are appropriately configured, remanufacturing is an environmentally sustainable option. In this research, the significant determinants of the adoption of remanufacturing practices for CE are explored. Ten remanufacturing determinants are identified through a literature survey and the involvement of industry experts. The causal relationship among the determinants is developed using the DEMATEL method. The most significant determinants are collection channels, organizational image, and market opportunities. Furthermore, we also classified the determinants of remanufacturing for CE into cause and effect groups. Five determinants, \"consumer preferences\", \"remanufacturingadoption framework\", \"market opportunities\", \"management commitment\", and \"preferential tax policies\", belong to the cause group. These determinants need to be considered to integrate remanufacturing into the CE framework. The effect group contains the remaining determinants, namely, \"skilled workers\", \"collection channels\", \"organizational image\", \"traceability system\", and \"collaboration\". These determinants depend on the cause group determinants. This study can facilitate organizations to adopt remanufacturing practices; however, the identification of the factors using accessible literature and expert validation is a limitation of this study. There is a possibility of overlooking relevant remanufacturing adoption determinants for CE transformation. Some large and medium-sized enterprises have implemented the CE model for growth, productivity, and competitive advantage. However, the concept is not widely accepted, especially in small-scale industries.  
Furthermore, the DEMATEL method is used to develop a causal model based on an expert's opinion. The expert's opinion could be biased as per their working position and sector. Additionally, the input is taken in the linguistic form with some subjectivity issues. This could be overcome in future studies by integrating fuzzy and grey theory. Furthermore, these determinants are modeled using other structural modeling techniques, such as structural equation modeling (SEM). These determinants could be analyzed in future studies, such as the prioritization of identified determinants using MDMs such as AHP, ANP, BCM, BWM, and WASP.  
Conceptualization, S.K. and S.S.A.; methodology, S.K. and S.S.A.; software, S.K. and S.S.A.; validation, S.K., S.S.A. and R.S.; formal analysis, S.K. and S.S.A.; investigation, S.K. and S.S.A.; resources, S.K. and S.S.A.; data curation, S.K. and S.S.A.; writing--original draft preparation, S.K., R.S., and S.S.A.; writing--review and editing, S.K., R.S., and S.S.A.; visualization, S.S.A. and S.K.; supervision, S.S.A. and S.K.; project administration, S.S.A.; funding acquisition, S.S.A. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.  
This research received no external funding.  
Not applicable.  
Data Availability Statement: Data is available with the authors.  
The authors declare no conflict of interest.  
Details of participating experts.