# Internet of Things and Its Applications: A Comprehensive Survey
## 5 IoT Applications
### Infrastructural Applications
A critical circuit prototype was designed to sustain the rectifier model that was created with regards to two upgraded rectifiers manufactured using a 65 nm complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) GlobalFoundries (GF) Radio-Frequency (RF) procedure and the Dickson charge circuit. The suggested design relates to the flip-chip approach that has been utilized to avoid low QoS results. The results obtained from the simulation demonstrate the high performance of the two rectifiers, and the benefit is the development of a very sensitive circuit. [PERSON] et al. [149] studied the correction code and error detection called the Low Complexity Parity Check (LCPC) code for WSN IoT applications. The authors performed BER performance evaluations within the suggested LCPC codes, Bose-Chaudhuri-Hocquenghem (BCH) codes, and binary/non-binary LDPC codes. The obtained findings show an enhancement of the BER performance for the suggested LCPC code compared to the Low Density Parity Check Code (LDPC), and Hamming, Reed-Solomon (RS), and BCH codes. [PERSON] et al. [150] suggested an answer for QoS management of the IoT-based HetNet scenario. The authors show a significant interest in expanding network functions through traffic-made middleware-oriented applications. A rerouting network function was developed and operated without troubling the transmission of data dynamically. [PERSON] et al. [151] recommended an intelligent supplied paradigm to improve the impartial nature of IoT nodes for revising management in IoT applications. The study suggested that each node processes the update procedure independently by examining certain network implementation elements. A simulated neural network was designed to determine the appropriate phase with which to complete the update process. Moreover, the authors suggested an alternative for the load settling matter in the improvement process. The proposed scheme prevents excessive and unnecessary messages and retrievals, which leads to the use of a maximum bandwidth, in order to diminish the energy supply and enhance the lifespan of network and IoT devices. However, the system is not over-charged with the update messages, which ensures a high-performance level for each node compared to centralized systems. The research work conducted by [PERSON] et al. [152] introduces a conventional paradigm for the appearance of a hazard centric enterprise following _Shield_. The developed design is the establishment of IoT methodologies recognized for a user's daily actions, such as job-related safety, personal wellness, and home insurance. The recommended _Shields_ model is responsible for the significant ideas needed for the development of hazard-oriented IoT applications. The principal function of IoT applications is currently being verified through the identification of risks in associated environments. The proposed _Shields_ model was founded on three physical computational topologies that were tested, starting with the edge topology, and followed by the mobile-based and cloud-centric topologies. These three tests offer limited challenges involving the dynamic composition of the performance through various computational nodes. Furthermore, a device was implemented following the suggested model to ensure transmission among the parts required in the process of needs collection and domain assessment. The designed model is suitable for analysis and the development of any IoT application. Unfortunately, this investigation lacks a verification and confirmation procedure to evaluate the recommended template and consider the QoS property. [PERSON] et al. [153] investigated the guarantee of QoS for end-users by effectively assigning limited network supplies to various IoT applications (see Table 8). A systematic hierarchy procedure based on a corresponding methodology was suggested for self-organizing and separated user groups and source provision, which remain suitable and accessible for dense Fog scenarios.