## 3 Results
### RVO Characteristics Acquired from Medical Documentation and at Presentation  
The mean duration time from the incident of RVO was 24 months (range: 1-72). Of the 23 subjects, only 10 (43.5%) had confirmed anticoagulant treatment during the RVO episode. Cystic macular edema (CME) had previously been found in 18 patients (78.3%), 8 patients (66%), and 10 patients (91%) in the overall RVO group, CRVO group, and BRVO group, respectively. Intravitreal anti-VEGF agents were administered in 14 (60.9%) cases with CME, and in 6/14 (54.5%) eyes, the injections were repeated more than 3 times (pre  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c} \hline \hline  & & \begin{tabular}{c} **Overall RVO** \\ **Group (n = 23)** \\ \end{tabular} & \begin{tabular}{c} **CRVO Group** \\ **(n = 12)** \\ \end{tabular} & \begin{tabular}{c} **BRVO Group** \\ **(n = 11)** \\ \end{tabular} & \begin{tabular}{c} **Control Group** \\ **(n = 14)** \\ \end{tabular} \\ \hline \hline \multirow{2}{*}{\begin{tabular}{c} Number of \\ patients \\ \end{tabular} } & \multirow{2}{*}{23} & \multirow{2}{*}{12} & \multirow{2}{*}{11} & \multirow{2}{*}{14} \\ \cline{2-2} \cline{5-5}  & Mean (SD) & & & & \\ \cline{2-2} \cline{5-5}  & Range & 36–79 & 36–77 & 50–79 & 41–73 \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{\
\begin{tabular}{c} Sex, n (\%) \\ \end{tabular} } & Male & 16 (69.6) & 9 (75) & 7 (63.6) & 3 (21.4) \\ \cline{2-2} \cline{5-5}  & Female & 7 (30.4) & 3 (25) & 4 (36.4) & 11 (78.6) \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{
\begin{tabular}{c} Eye, n (\%) \\ \end{tabular} } & Right & 10 (43.5) & 5 (41.7) & 5 (45.5) & n/a \\ \cline{2-2} \cline{5-5}  & Left & 13 (56.5) & 7 (58.3) & 6 (54.5) & n/a \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}
Table 1: Basic demographics of the analyzed groups.  
dominantly in the CRVO group). No patient had a steroid injection in CME management. Micropulse laser therapy was performed in nine (39.1%) eyes in the overall RVO group, although in eight eyes, it was because of BRVO, representing 72.7% eyes of the BRVO group. Panretinal photocoagulation was performed in eight (34.8%) eyes, predominantly in the CRVO group (six cases, representing 50% of the eyes of the CRVO group). The estimated mean BCVA before the incident of RVO was 0.7, 0.4, and 0.8 for the overall RVO group, CRVO group, and BRVO group, respectively. After the treatment of RVO, the mean BCVA in the early follow-up (1-3 months) was 0.3, 0.07, and 0.5 for the overall RVO group, CRVO group, and BRVO group, respectively.  
BCVA improved significantly during the time following any form of RVO. In the final clinical assessment, the mean BCVA was 0.5 in the overall RVO group, 0.4 in CRVO group, and 0.7 in BRVO group. There was noticeably less improvement in the final BCVA in ischemic CRVO eyes compared to the non-ischemic form of CRVO. Intraocular pressure (IOP) was in the normal range in all groups. There was no abnormal pupil reaction or symptoms of neovascularization in any part of the eye. In two (8.7%) eyes, vitreous hemorrhage was observed, with both cases being from the CRVO group. Based on the OCT scans, CME was detected in seven eyes (30.4%). Three of them had suffered a CRVO episode, and four had suffered a, BRVO episode. The mean central subfield thickness in the OCT scans was 321.5 (\(\pm\)152), 363.7 (\(\pm\)194), and 272.5 (\(\pm\)70) in the overall RVO group, CRVO group, and BRVO group, respectively.