## 3 General Spatial Pattern and Meta-Pattern Model
### Spatial Pattern Formalization Model
Space syntax as a mathematical graph based model is used for SP modeling to catch the spatial capital, but the appropriate selection of the different syntactic measures and indicators could be related to different types of the capitals (economic, social, etc.). The main concepts of the general model to address CSS problems that need analytical approach are presented in Figure 2. There are existing SP in CSS, and these SP can be described by the measures. Every CSS can have different capitals, that can be expressed in terms of spatial configuration, which is the basis for the spatial capital. Spatial configuration can be defined by different spatial characteristics; therefore, spatial configuration consists of SP that consists of different measures. In UML, _cardinality_ is represented by characters: \"..1\" (meaning that an instance of the first entity class can be associated with no more than one instance of the second class) or \"..\" (meaning that the first entity can be associated with an unlimited number of instances of the second class). A relationship's _optionality_ can be either \"0..\" (meaning that the relationship is optional) or \"1..\" (meaning that it is required). Composite aggregation is described as a binary association decorated with a filled black diamond at the aggregate (whole) end. In a composite aggregation, the whole system is responsible for the disposition of its parts, which means that the composite must manage the creation and destruction of its parts. An aggregation is a special type of association in which objects are assembled or configured together to create a more complex object. An aggregation describes a group of objects and how you interact with them. An aggregation association appears as a solid line with an unfilled diamond at the association end, which is connected to the classifier that represents the aggregate [37]. Every SP, as spatial feature, can be defined as consisting of the different kind of attributes (described in Section 2), as presented in Figure 3.  
Figure 2: General model to address CSS problems that need analytical approach (UML class diagram). The elaborated model of SP is presented in Figure 4, and it has some significant changes. First, the class PAttribute for non-spatial SP attributes is created; it defines descriptive SP attributes (any descriptive SP characteristic, such as origin or scientific justification of SP, etc. ), hierarchical SP attributes (such as Configuration), sectoral SP attributes (such as Dimension (spatial, economic, social, or environmental), or SP Context (region, city, district, site). Class Pattern has its own attributes, such as SP Name, Description and Type (SP or meta-pattern). The algorithm for specific SP identification relies on the chosen identification method (such as Space Syntax) (class PatternMethod). The algorithm is described as a sequence of calculated spatial forms that step after step identifies SP. So, for SP spatial attributes, two classes, Form and FAttribute, are created. Class FAttribute defines SP geometrical attributes (area, perimeter, part size), topological attributes (zone count, part count), visibility and perception SP attributes (visibility, distance), and complexity SP attributes (fractal dimension, lucianity). Each SP consists of SP values (class PatternValue) that let us identify the specific SP. For example, SP City Layout can have values, such as: co-centric, linear, sector, and so on. Each SP value consists of computational SP attributes (class PatternValueMeasure). Using instances of this class, the real values of the measures that define SP value are kept. The SP identification algorithm compares the return value of SP identification method with the measures that define SP value. The detailed idea of SP composition of meta-patterns was presented in Reference [17]. SP can be constructed of meta-patterns, and the _Configuration_ attribute (instance of class _PAttribute_) is responsible for this construction.