# Design and Evaluation of Large-Scale IoT-Enabled Healthcare Architecture
###### Abstract  
Employment of the Internet of Things (IoT) technology in the healthcare field can contribute to recruiting heterogeneous medical devices and creating smart cooperation between them. This cooperation leads to an increase in the efficiency of the entire medical system, thus accelerating the diagnosis and curing of patients, in general, and rescing critical cases in particular. In this paper, a large-scale IoT-enabled healthcare architecture is proposed. To achieve a wide range of communication between healthcare devices, not only are Internet coverage tools utilized but also satellites and high-altitude platforms (HAPs). In addition, the clustering idea is applied in the proposed architecture to facilitate its management. Moreover, healthcare data are prioritized into several levels of importance. Finally, NS3 is used to measure the performance of the proposed IoT-enabled healthcare architecture. The performance metrics are delay, energy consumption, packet loss, coverage tool usage, throughput, percentage of served users, and percentage of each exchanged data type. The simulation results demonstrate that the proposed IoT-enabled healthcare architecture outperforms the traditional healthcare architecture. The Internet of Things (IoT) is described as a group of different devices connected to introduce additional services and improve others for citizens in various fields. Moreover, IoT technology differs from its counterparts in that it includes passive and active devices, which may help in joining billions of devices in our daily lives in various fields. There are many advantages of IoT technology, such as providing better service to customers, continuous technical improvement, and making real-time decisions. Therefore, it has been applied in several fields such as education, transportation, marketing, and environmental issues. For example, application of this technology in education has introduced new tools that are communicate with each other to raise the efficiency of the entire educational system. For the transportation field, self-driving cars, automatic traffic lights, road monitoring, parking assistance, and other examples became available in our lives. As regards marketing, IoT technology provides better services to customers and enhances business strategies. In addition, environmental issues such as detection of air and water pollution without human intervention has left a positive impact on people's lives and prevented many disasters. Healthcare is one of the most important fields in which IoT technology has been applied. That is why healthcare companies have made numerous large investments in IoT-enabled healthcare. Recently, some communication forms support medical devices with the possibility of movement and presence in different locations, such as wearable devices, X-ray devices supported by Wi-Fi technology, and others. Moreover, IoT technology in healthcare has helped in accomplishing many tasks in various medical and pharmaceutical specialties, such as monitoring patients, determining treatment progress, offering shelter vaccines, monitoring drugs, and monitoring support equipment, such as cars and stores [4; 5; 6]. Figure 1 shows an overall view of IoT e-health system model. On the other hand, scientists have realized that the development of devices used in human-machine interaction, such as cell phones, has reached its peak. This has resulted in researchers and many companies tending to use IoT technology to accomplish this type of communication. That is why the technology of IoT is associated with the field of  
Figure 1: Overall view of IoT e-health system model. brain-computer interface (BCI), which is considered as a new cornerstone of the interaction between the IoT objects and human. The BCI researchers have witnessed the transformation of human thoughts to physical actions, such as the IoT appliances and mind-controlled wheelchairs. BCI technology has many advantages, such as the invisibility of brain activities, which means that it cannot be repeated or noticed.