esa-sceva/satcom-chunk-collection huggingface dataset:
## 1 Introduction
A MIMO antenna with a four-port design is applied for wireless networking applications [25]. Furthermore, the reduction in size with ultra-wideband response is achieved with metamaterial loading in the MIMO antenna design [26; 27]. Recently, a team of researchers has improved isolation with metamaterial loading in the MIMO antenna [28]. Pattern diversity and polarization are helpful methods for reducing the correlation among antenna far fields without increasing the size. CP antennas provide benefits, including multipath fading, lower signal attenuation, and absorption losses [29]. Due to less space and dimension when arranging antennas, many MIMO antennas for WLAN are proposed in the current era. Most research focuses on approaches to provide adequate isolation and reduce mutual coupling [30]. Due to the constrained space, a small antenna with strong isolation is recommended for MIMO communication. Investigations were undertaken on the MIMO antenna's impact from the mutual coupling. The reduction in mutual coupling in a MIMO antenna has been researched using various strategies. To attain optimal magnetic conductors (MC), researchers have looked into several MC reduction approaches [31]. The truncated corners antenna and the parasitic element approach boost bandwidth. By combining two square patches separated by a diagonal slot and four parasitic components, we created a MIMO antenna with enhanced performance [32]. The MIMO antenna is constructed using periodic parasitic elements and truncated corner metallic radiators to boost isolation and the axial ratio [33]. Due to their small size, large peak gain, small envelope correlation coefficient (\(ECC\)), significant diversity gain, intense isolation, and wide operating frequency range, the presented MIMO antennas may be used in several WCOM applications. The need for compact, multiband, high gain and high isolation MIMO antenna has led us to propose a complementary split ring resonator metamaterial-loaded two port MIMO antenna design. Our proposed design gives high isolation and high gain response with a small size and can be a good selection for different wireless communication systems. The design is showing better performance compared to other published works. Variation in various parameters is also carried out to find the optimized design. The structure is discussed in the next section, and the results and performance observing parameters are discussed after the concluding remarks have been given.
# Customer Churn Prediction Approach Based on LLM Embeddings and Logistic Regression
## 3 Preliminaries
### Classification Algorithms
#### 3.2.3 Random Forest (RF)  
Random Forest is an ensemble learning algorithm [40] that leverages the advantage of multiple decision tree algorithms, as they are known for their ability to learn complex patterns and work well on small, unbalanced data [41]. RF combines decision tree prediction results to predict the output through a technique called majority voting. In this approach, each decision tree in the forest independently predicts the class label for a given input, and the final prediction of the random forest model is determined by taking a majority vote among the predictions of all the individual trees. The class label that receives the most votes becomes the final prediction of the random forest model. This ensemble method helps improve the accuracy and robustness of the predictions compared to a single decision tree.
## 4 Conclusions  
The results showed that Bronx Seedless table grapes presented higher contents of \(\alpha\)-pinene, phellandrene, D-limonene, P-cymene, geranial, nerol, cedrol, 3-methylbutanal, octanal, nonanal, total aldehydes, 2-hexenoic acid, 1-octen-3-ol, heptanol, phenylethyl alcohol, total alcohols and (E)-3-hexenol, and lower contents of \(\upbeta\)-myrce, \(\upgamma\)-terpinene, rose oxide I (_trans_), nerol oxide, linalool, 4-terpineol, hotrienol, neral, \(\alpha\)-terpineol, myrtenol, geranic acid, hexanoic acid, ethyl acetate, ethyl isobutyrate, butyl acetate, ethyl hexanoate, nonanol, hexanal, (E)-2-hexenal, hexanol, (E)-2-hexenol and total C6 compounds than Italiatable grapes. The concentration of most of the volatile compounds analyzed increased from BBCH-77 to BBCH-89, except (Z)-3-hexenal, (E)-2-hexenol, heptanol, phenylethyl alcohol, butyl acetate, \(\beta\)-pinene, \(\beta\)-myrcene, rose oxide II (_cis_) and 4-terpineol. Based on terpene content, Italia and Bronx Seedless varieties could be classified as neutral varieties. \(\beta\)-ionone presented the highest odor activity value (OAV) in Italia and Bronx Seedless table grapes. Bronx Seedless table grapes presented higher OAVs for (Z)-3-hexenal (grass) and cedrol (camphor) than Italia grapes. In addition, Italia grapes showed a higher hexanal-to-(E)-2-hexenal ratio than Bronx Seedless grapes. Therefore, it is probable that to achieve a better aromatic quality, Bronx Seedless should be harvested later than Italia.
# Secured Real-Time Machine Communication Protocol
## 6 Results and Analysis
### Local Placement
This is due to its complex write procedures, which include conducting a custom asymmetric encryption key handshake, establishing sessions and channels, and performing client authentication and data type verification before the server writes the data sent by the client.
# Analytical Model to Calculate Radial Forces in Permanent-Magnet Synchronous Machines
## 3 Analytical Model
### Computation of the Magnetic Forces on the Stator  
Magnetic radial pressures are calculated by applying the well-known Maxwell tensor's law, as was introduced in Section 2.1. For this purpose, flux densities computed in the inner perimeter of the stator and in the outer perimeter of the rotor are introduced in Equation (2). Once the magnetic pressures are estimated, pressures are integrated over them to obtain  
Figure 5: Effect of the slots. (**a**) Variation of the radial permeance due to the effect of a slot; (**b**) magnetic field in slotless and slotators.  
the magnetic radial forces in a region. For instance, the magnetic force in a tooth is obtained by (36), while the magnetic force in a rotor pole is achieved by applying the expression (37).  
\[F_{r}(t)=\frac{L_{e}\cdot D_{si}}{2}\int_{0}^{a_{s}}P_{r}(t,\theta)d\theta \tag{36}\]  
\[F_{r}(t)=\frac{L_{e}\cdot D_{ri}}{2}\int_{0}^{a_{r}}P_{r}(t,\theta)d\theta \tag{37}\]  
where \(L_{e}\) is the axial length of the machine and \(D_{si}\) is the interior diameter of the stator.
# Dynamic Damage Mechanism and Seismic Fragility Analysis of an Aqueduct Structure
## 3 Seismic Fragility Analysis of the Aqueduct Structure  
### Methods to Develop Fragility Curves  
To understand the importance of using the fragility functions and how scholars can be used to assess various structures against earthquakes, this section presents the fragility function types and the difference between them.  
The fragility curves are an important tool to assess seismic risk. Every building or structure has its fragility curve. Based on the literature review [38], four methods to develop fragility curves can be identified, namely: (1) expert-based method; (2) empirical; (3) analytical; (4) hybrid.  
(1) Expert-Based Method: The expert-based method is the oldest and simplest one among those mentioned above. This method depends on the use of questionnaires, the experiences of experts, and the number of experts consulted. In general, their judgments or opinions may contain uncertainties and may be less accurate, thus affecting the quality of the result.  
(2) Empirical: The fragility curve developed by this empirical method is based on previous earthquake events. The advantage of this approach is that it shows the actual fragility to represent a realistic picture.  
(3) Analytical: This approach is developed using simulated data from a time history analysis of the structural model for real. The analytical method is the most popular method in developing fragility seismic curves because this approach has less bias. The weakness of the analytical method is its requirement to produce a realistic model, that is, if the model is improperly designed or unrealistic, then it may result in inaccurate estimation that can affect the fragility curve.  
(4) Hybrid: the hybrid approach is a calibrated empirical and analytical method, and is conducted by integrating numerical method to solve a numerical structural model equation. The disadvantage of the hybrid method is that it requires the combination of experiment and analysis.
# Calibration of a 3-Component External Balance for MAVs Wind Tunnel Research
## 4 Balance Calibration
### Data acquisition  
The balance is composed of 3 load cells, each consisting of 4 strain gauges connected by a Wheatstone bridge that will provide 3 output electrical signals with voltages (U\({}_{1}\), U\({}_{2}\), and U\({}_{3}\)). These electrical signals are read using HX711 modules (A/D converter) connected to the Arduino microcontroller, which was powered by 5 V voltage. For each load application case, a record of the 3 electrical signals is obtained for a recording time of 10 s, with a sampling frequency of 10 Hz, resulting in 100 equally spaced measurements over time. According to the manufacturer's specifications, the load cells have an error equal to \(\epsilon=0.05\%=0.0005=5\cdot 10^{-4}\), which is much smaller than the resolution of the converter (\(2^{24}=16\),777,216), and therefore, the acquisition of the scale signals is verified. The HX711 A/D converter amplifies the analog output signal of the load cell with a gain of 128. The signals will then be digitized and expressed in bits.  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Loads** & **P.3(+L)** & **P.5(+L)** & **P.9** & **P.10** & **P.11** & **P.12** & **L(N)** & **D(N)** & **\(M_{y}\)(Nm)** \\ \hline
**0** & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**+1/3\(M_{ymax}\)**} & \(1\times 77\) g + & \(1\times 77\) g + & \(1\times 77\) g & \(1\times 35\) g & \(1\times 77\) g & \(1\times 35\) g & \(-0.0007\) & 0 & 0.016 \\  & \(1\times 35\) g & \(1\times 35\) g & \(1\times 35\) g & & \(1\times 35\) g & \(1\times 35\) g & \(1\times 35\) g & \(-0.009\) & 0 & 0.037 \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**+2/3\(M_{ymax}\)**} & \(1\times 77\) g + & \(1\times 77\) g + & \(1\times 77\) g + & \(1\times 77\) g + & \(1\times 35\) g & \(1\times 77\) g + & \(1\times 35\) g & \(-0.009\) & 0 & 0.037 \\  & \(2\times 35\) g & \(2\times 35\) g & \(2\times 35\) g & & \(1\times 35\) g & \(1\times 77\) g + & \(1\times 35\) g & \(-0.704\) & 0 & 0.044 \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**+2/3\(M_{ymax}\)**} & \(1\times 77\) g + & \(1\times 77\) g + & \(1\times 77\) g + & \(1\times 35\) g & \(1\times 77\) g + & \(1\times 35\) g & \(1\times 35\) g & \(-0.008\) & 0 & 0.037 \\  & \(2\times 35\) g & \(2\times 35\) g & \(1\times 35\) g & & \(1\times 77\) g & \(1\times 35\) g & \(1\times 35\) g & \(-0.0007\) & 0 & 0.016 \\ \hline
**0** & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}
Table 3: Loading and unloading phase to generate pure pitching moment \(+M_{y}\)  
Figure 9: Loads to generate pure pitching moment.
## 2 Related Work  
### Chinese Spelling Correction  
Chinese spelling correction is a foundational task within the realm of natural language processing. Simultaneously, the inherent complexities of the Chinese language, such as polyphonic characters and morphologically similar characters, render this task highly challenging. The increasing interest among natural language processing researchers underscores the significance of Chinese spelling correction. Presently, neural network-based models, particularly pre-trained language models, dominate this domain and can be broadly classified into two research directions.  
One line of research centers on enhancing the semantic modeling of text features [4; 12; 13]. This approach treats Chinese spelling correction as a sequence annotation task, utilizing pre-trained language models to derive contextual representations. For instance, Soft-Masked BERT [5] integrates a detection network to predict the correctness of individual characters. It subsequently generates soft-masked embeddings for the correction network to rectify errors. MDCSpell [14] introduces a multitasking detector-correction framework, merging the representations of detection and correction networks.  
Another avenue of research involves incorporating phonological information into the correction process. This stems from the observation that homophones contribute significantly to usage errors [9]. Models like MLM-phonetics [15] and PLOME [7] adopt a word replacement strategy during pre-training, substituting randomly selected characters with phonetically or visually similar ones. REALISE [8] and PHMOSpell [3] employ multiple encoders to capture textual, phonological, and visual features, utilizing a selective gating mechanism for fusion. SCOPE [16] introduces an assisted pronunciation prediction task and devises an iterative inference strategy to enhance performance. Nonetheless, these methods often amalgamate textual and phonological features without facilitating direct  
Figure 2: Two examples of Chinese spelling error correction and the predictions of different models.  
and deep interaction between them, potentially resulting in the underutilization of pinyin information.
_Applied_  
_sciences_  
_Article_  
**Physical Changes during _Post-Morten_ Ageing of High-Value Impala (_Aepyceros Melampus_) Steaks**  
**[PERSON] 1,2, [PERSON] 2 and [PERSON] 2,3,*(@  
1 Department of Animal Science and Food Processing, Faculty of Tropical AgriSciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamycka 129, 16500 Prague-Suchdol, Czech Republic; [EMAIL_ADDRESS]  
2 Department of Animal Sciences, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Matieland, Stellenbosch 7602, South Africa; [EMAIL_ADDRESS]  
3 Center for Nutrition and Food Sciences, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation (QAAFI), The University of Queensland, Health and Food Sciences Precinct, 39 Kessels Rd, Coopers, Plains 4108, Australia  
* Correspondence: [EMAIL_ADDRESS]; Tel.: +61-4-1798-4547  
Received: 1 June 2020; Accepted: 26 June 2020; Published: 29 June 2020  
**Featured Application: When harvested under minimal stress, prime impala steaks should be wet-aged in vacuum packaging under refrigerated conditions for eight days to ensure maximum tenderness, uniformity, and quality.**  
**Abstract:** Antelope meat production is rapidly growing, not only due to their adaptation to marginal land usage, but also because of its favorable nutritional properties and free-range production. However, limited information is available on the meat quality and processing potential of game meat for commercial consumption. The objective of this study was to determine the ageing period to achieve maximum tenderness of _longissimus thoracis et lumborum_ (LTL) muscles of impala. The LTL muscles of 11 male and 11 female impala were harvested, and divided into eight portions. Each portion was randomly allocated to 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, or 14 days of wet-ageing (4 \({}^{\circ}\)C) in vacuum packaging. The meat pH, color, weep loss, cooking loss, and Warner-Bratzler shear force were measured throughout ageing. Initially the ageing profile differed depending on the sex of the animal from which the muscle was harvested; however, after 8 days of ageing, maximum tenderness was reached (13.5 \(\pm\) 0.91 N) and no further sex differences were seen. Ageing improved the surface color of all meat until day 8, after which discoloration occurred. Therefore, it is recommended that impala LTL steaks should be wet-aged at 4 \({}^{\circ}\)C for eight days to achieve maximum tenderness and minimize sex variability.  
**Keywords:** game meat; _longissimus thoracis et lumborum_; meat processing; tenderness; wet-ageing
## 1 Introduction
The literature [24] proposed an intrusion detection method combining the advantages of an autoencoder and residual network, in which feature extraction was performed by reconstructing the network with an autoencoder, after which the extracted features were used to train the designed residual network, and the experimental results showed good performance in terms of accuracy, true rate and false alarm rate. However, the methods mentioned above in the literature are generally effective in solving the feature redundancy problem. Secondly, the dataset used to evaluate the effectiveness of the model has an unbalanced sample of positive and negative classes. The literature [25] uses an improved local adaptive synthetic minority oversampling technique for unbalanced traffic data to achieve traffic anomaly detection using RNN, which is more accurate for different types of detection, although the improvement is less obvious. To address the above-mentioned problems, this paper designs an intrusion detection model fusing CNN and GRU. The main contributions are as follows:  
1. To address the problem of feature redundancy, this paper proposes a feature selection algorithm (RFP algorithm). First, a random forest algorithm is introduced to calculate the importance of features, and then Pearson correlation analysis is used to select features;
2. To address the problem of sample imbalance, this paper proposes a hybrid sampling algorithm (ADRDB algorithm) by combining the Adaptive Synthetic Sampling (ADASYN) [26] and Repeated Edited nearest neighbors (RENN) [27] sampling methods for sampling, while using Density-Based Spatial Clustering of Applications with Noise (DBSCAN) [28] to reject noise, and finally achieving a balanced dataset;
3. In this paper, CNN is introduced to extract spatial features from the network data traffic and use its weight sharing feature to improve the speed; GRU network is introduced to extract temporal features and learn the dependency between features, so as to avoid overfitting problems; the attention mechanism is introduced to assign different weights to the features, thus reducing the overhead and improving the model performance.
## 4 Comparative Analysis of the E-Government Acts in Korea and the United States
### Governance (ICT Control Tower)  
Currently, e-government in the United States has a three-tier e-governance structure, namely the President's Management Council (PMC), OMB, and steering committee. The United States recognizes that the biggest obstacle to e-government is organizational resistance to change, and has placed the Presidential Management Council at the forefront, maintaining the active and lasting interest of the top executive. In addition to determining the final budget support for e-government projects, the Presidential Management Council actively intervenes in such projects as a manager.  
Furthermore, the OMB has overall jurisdiction over the e-government promotion process and will continue to consult with ministries on appropriate budget support for each project. To this end, the OMB has created an E-Government Office, and the E-Government Office has now been legislated to oversee the process of the e-government projects in the United States. As a result, the E-Government Office has a Portfolio Manager for each of the four areas of e-government projects and manages the projects in each area. In short, the E-Government Act of the United States established and authorized the E-Government Office in the OMB, which works closely with the presidential office.  
In addition, the [PERSON] administration recently created the American Technology Council (ATC) in April 2017 to accelerate digital transformation in the public sector. In June 2017, the ATC founding general meeting was held with 20 CEOs in the field of digital technology. As such, the ATC coordinates the federal government's vision and strategy for digital technology use and service provision through digital technology and provides presidential consulting on policy decisions.  
In contrast, Korea's E-Government Act constituted a document reduction committee in the early stage. Consequently, Korea's E-Government Act has been downgraded to a level that supports document reduction and electronic processing of documents, rather than a comprehensive law that can support e-government projects. In addition, these document reduction committees have not been formed, but have actually been discarded. The E-Government Act of 2001 described a Committee on Reduction of Documents but it was never organized, and the relevant text was deleted in 2010 when the law was amended.  
In light of these circumstances, the Korean government is attempting to cultivate an e-government promotion committee within the current E-Government Act to secure leadership in promoting e-government while strengthening the status of e-government in the Ministry of Public Administration and Security. The E-Government Bill amendment to the E-Government Act was initiated in the fall of 2018 and sent to the National Assembly, but the revised bill has not yet been discussed at all in the National Assembly as of late 2019.  
In short, Korea's digital and e-government policies rarely involve law-based governance structures and are often executed by ad hoc committees that operate only temporarily during certain presidential terms.
# ODGNet: Robotic Grasp Detection Network Based on Omni-Dimensional Dynamic Convolution
## 3 Method
### Network Architecture
#### 3.2.4 Output Processing Module  
The feature \(\text{D}_{3}\) is obtained after the feature reconstruction of the decoder. Then, \(\text{D}_{3}\) is used as input and passed through four \(1\times 1\) convolutions in parallel to obtain four grasping parameter maps, which are grasping quality map \(Q\), grasping angle map \(\sin 2\Phi\) and \(\cos 2\Phi\), and grasping width map \(W\). The grasping angle maps \(\Phi\) are decomposed into \(\sin 2\Phi\) and \(\cos 2\Phi\). \(\Phi\) can be solved by the following equation:  
\[\Phi=\frac{1}{2}arctan\frac{\sin 2\Phi}{\cos 2\Phi} \tag{9}\]  
In order to improve the success rate of grasping, this paper uses a 2D Gaussian kernel to smooth the grasping parameter maps [35]. It makes the distribution of grasping points more uniform, so that the best grasping configuration can be obtained. The 2D Gaussian kernel expression is given below:  
\[Gauss(x,y)=\frac{1}{\sqrt{2\sigma^{2}}}\exp(-\frac{x^{2}+y^{2}}{2\sigma^{2}}) \tag{10}\]  
where \(\sigma=2\). Once the smoothed grasping parameter map \(G\) is obtained, the final grasping configuration \(\widetilde{g}^{*}\) can be obtained according to Equation (4).