# Examining Memory Performance in Senior Adults:
## 2 Materials and Methods
### Inclusion and Exclusion Criteria  
The inclusion factors utilised to select the participants in this study are enumerated below. These criteria served also as a reference to define the groups under study. D+MCI+ Persons with depressive symptoms and MCI. Individuals with a diagnosis of depression (MDD) reported by a health professional or previous clinical history; Yesavage Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS-15) score greater than 5 (indicative of depression); MoCA score 1.5 deviations below the population mean according to age and educational level (i.e., level 3 in [PERSON]'s Global Deterioration Scale, GDS). D+MCI- Persons with depressive symptoms without MCI. Individuals with MDD reported by a health professional or previous clinical history; GDS-15 score greater than 5; MoCA score in the parameters of normality according to age and educational level (i.e., GDS 1). D-MCI+ Individuals with no depressive symptoms but experiencing MCI. No diagnosis of depression; GDS-15 score less than or equal to 5; MoCA score 1.5 deviations below the mean. D-MCI- Healthy group control. Persons without depressive symptoms or MCI. No diagnosis of depression; GDS-15 score less than 5; MoCA score between 1.5 deviations below the population mean ([PERSON]'s GDS 3). All participants were 60 years of age or older and were located in the Vigo area, Spain. The exclusion factors are enumerated below:  
Patients with psychiatric diagnosis, different from the inclusion criteria for D+MCI+ and D-MCI+ groups. Dementia diagnosis. Hearing or vocal disability. People incapable of consenting to the study. Subjects enrolled in daycare centres for the elderly (cf. Section 2.1 below) provided the needed clinical diagnosis details for their classification. However, participants external to \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{l c c c c c c c} \hline  & & **D+MCI+** & **D+MCI-** & **D-MCI+** & **D-MCI-** & **n** & \(p\) \\  & & **n = 21** & **n = 10** & **n = 13** & **n = 29** & **n = 73** & \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{Marital status} & Married & 23.8\% (5) & 50\% (5) & 46.2\% (6) & 44.8\% (13) & 29 & \\  & Single & 14.3\% (3) & – & – & 6.9\% (2) & 5 & \\  & Widowed & 61.9\% (13) & 50\% (5) & 46.2\% (6) & 27.6\% (8) & 32 & \\  & Divorced & – & – & 7.7\% (1) & 20.7\% (6) & 7 & \\ Gender & Male & 28.6\% (6) & 30\% (3) & 46.2\% (6) & 24\% (7) & 22 & \\  & Female & 71.4\% (15) & 70\% (7) & 53\% (7) & 75.9\% (22) & 51 & \\ Age (Mean) & & \(75.78\pm 9.161\) & 81.90 \(\pm\) 9.08 & 74.00 \(\pm\) 8.08 & 76.46 \(\pm\) 9.15 & 71.66 \(\pm\) 7.26 & \\ \hline \end{tabular}  
* \({}^{1}\) LA: living alone. LWO: living with others; _p_: Kruskal–Wallis _p_-values.  
\end{table} 
Table 1: _Cont._ \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{l c c c c c c} \hline  & **D+MCI+** & **D+MCI-** & **D–MCI+** & **D–MCI-** & **n** & \(p\) \\  & **n = 21** & **n = 10** & **n = 13** & **n = 29** & **n = 73** & \\ \hline MoCA (0–30) & \(13\pm 4.7\) & \(21.4\pm 5\) & \(16.3\pm 3.71\) & \(24\pm 3.5\) & \(19\pm 6.3\) & 0.000 \\ GDS-15 (0–15) & \(7\pm 3.60\) & \(6.9\pm 2.6\) & \(2.3\pm 2.5\) & \(1.4\pm 1.4\) & \(4\pm 3.66\) & 0.000 \\ MFE-28 (0–56) & \(25.3\pm 15.7\) & \(15\pm 9\) & \(13\pm 9\) & \(10.3\pm 6.9\) & \(15.82\pm 12.33\) & 0.002 \\ Lawton \& Brody (0–8) & \(4\pm 2.8\) & \(6\pm 2.8\) & \(5.6\pm 2.4\) & \(7.7\pm 0.6\) & \(6.11\pm 2.55\) & 0.000 \\ Free Recall (0–5) & \(0.38\pm 0.7\) & \(1.6\pm 1.34\) & \(1.3\pm 1.1\) & \(2.1\pm 1.64\) & \(1.41\pm 1.47\) & 0.000 \\ Categorical cue (0–5) & \(0.9\pm 0.9\) & \(1.2\pm 1.39\) & \(0.9\pm 0.7\) & \(0.68\pm 0.84\) & \(0.86\pm 0.94\) & 0.628 \\ Recognition cue (0–5) & \(1.8\pm 1.2\) & \(1.6\pm 1.6\) & \(1.7\pm 1.36\) & \(1.55\pm 1.27\) & \(1.67\pm 1.31\) & 0.836 \\ Total MIS (0–15) & \(4.76\pm 3.38\) & \(8.8\pm 3.9\) & \(6.9\pm 2.6\) & \(9.3\pm 3.9\) & \(7.52\pm 4.02\) & 0.001 \\ \hline \end{tabular}  
* \({}^{p}\): Kruskal–Wallis _p_-values.  
\end{table} 
Table 2: Means and standard deviations on tests by classification group. the day centres were classified according to the cut-off points of the GDS-15 and MoCA scales.