## 3 Results
### Calculation of the Comfort Index  
The COMFA model calculated the thermal load (\(Q\)) for all days studied in October and for each surface of the study area under the real climate conditions measured during the monitoring campaign. Four days in October were chosen for the representation of the results. These days correspond to days with climatic characteristics representing a typical October in Seville. Figure 16 shows the air temperature and global horizontal radiation values measured by the fixed weather station located at the School on the four selected days. As can be seen, the temperatures vary between 17 and 30 \({}^{\circ}\)C, with maximum global radiation of 600 W/m\({}^{2}\).  
Figure 14: The gender percentage of people surveyed.  
On the other hand, the results were separated into clusters, these being groups of surveys that have in common their geographical location within the study area. Three types of clusters were distinguished: the first type includes all permanently shaded areas (Shadow Cluster). The results from zone 7, located under the pergola, are used as a representation of this cluster. The second type of cluster corresponds to permanent sun areas (Sun Cluster), represented by area 18, located in the center of the basketball court. Finally, the last type of cluster includes surfaces that, depending on the time of day, can be shaded or sunny (Intermediate Cluster). Surface 23, shaded at certain times of the day by vegetation, characterizes this cluster.  
Figure 17 shows the hourly results of the thermal load predicted by the COMFA comfort model. The blue shaded area represents the period where the surveys were carried out, and the green shaded area represents the comfort band according to the COMFA model. Two different situations could be distinguished whether the surface is in the shade or in  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{l l} \hline Survey Respondent Answers & \\ \hline Recent ingestion & \\ \hline \hline Nothing & 40.74\% \\ \hline \hline Something & 49.35\% \\ \hline Many & 9.91\% \\ \hline Preference & \\ \hline \hline Cold-sensitive & 24.83\% \\ \hline Neutral & 27.89\% \\ \hline Heat-sensitive & 47.28\% \\ \hline Pollster “answers” & \\ \hline \hline Gender & \\ \hline \hline Male & 51.62\% \\ \hline Female & 48.38\% \\ \hline Age & \\ \hline
9–12 & 82.92\% \\ \hline
18–40 & 15.00\% \\ \hline
40–65 & 2.08\% \\ \hline Location & \\ \hline Sun & 55.5\% \\ \hline Shadow & 44.5\% \\ \hline Clothing & \\ \hline Summery & 46.95\% \\ \hline Spring & 49.70\% \\ \hline Wintry & 3.35\% \\ \hline Clothing colour & \\ \hline Light & 29.65\% \\ \hline Colourful & 37.65\% \\ \hline Dark & 32.70\% \\ \hline Activity & \\ \hline Rest & 40.05\% \\ \hline Low & 25.06\% \\ \hline Medium & 17.38\% \\ \hline High & 17.51\% \\ \hline \hline Stay time & \\ \hline Recent & 25.76\% \\ \hline More than 15 min & 74.24\% \\ \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}
Table 6: Average values of survey responses.  
the sun. On surfaces always in the shade, the thermal loads the body needs to dissipate are one-third of those needed on surfaces always in the sun. Most of the time, the COMFA model predicts thermal loads out of the comfort zone with values above 300 W/m\({}^{2}\) in the middle of the day. Therefore, comfort conditions were achieved almost only during the night. More precisely, conditions begin to be out of the comfort zone at 12 h or before each day. This means that only surface 7 on the fourth day meets comfortable conditions during the survey period. The air temperature at that time is 25.9 \({}^{\circ}\)C with zero incident radiation. This shows the strong influence of radiation on human thermal comfort. This influence of radiation can also be visualized in the evolution of the thermal load on the intermediate cluster (area 23): the thermal load increases and lowers very quickly at the times of the day when it moves from shade to sun and back to shade.  
Figure 16: Air temperature and global horizontal radiation on the four selected days.  
Figure 15: Levels of thermal sensation of the respondents.