# Exergaming-Based Rehabilitation for Lateral Trunk Flexion in Parkinson's Disease: A Pilot Study
## 3 Results
### Neurophysiological Assessment
#### 3.2.2. Tensiomyography (TMG)  
Regarding TMG, the variation among groups in the maximal radial displacement of the erector spinae ipsilateral was statistically significant (\(p\) = 0.0088). Significant differences were also found between both the LTF group and HC at baseline (t1 vs. HC: 9.778 * \(p\) < 0.05), and between the LTF group after treatment and HC (t2 vs. HC: 9.889 * \(p\) < 0.055). However, the change within the LTF group from baseline to post-treatment was not statistically significant (t1 vs. t2: 0.1111 ns \(p\) > 0.05). Table 2 summarizes all TMG parameters for the LTF group before and after exergaming rehabilitation treatments, along with comparisons to the HC group.  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{l c c c c} \hline \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**Muscle**} & **TLF** & **TLF** & **HC** & \\  & **T\({}_{1}\)** & **T\({}_{2}\)** & **(Average Right and Left Side)** & \(p\)**-Value** \\ \hline
**Upper Trapezius ipsilateral** & & & & \\ Time of contraction, ms & 30.21 (SD \(\pm\) 18.13) & 37.33 (SD \(\pm\) 23.24) & 27.21 (SD \(\pm\) 10.60) & 0.51 \\ Time of delay, ms & 21.78 (SD \(\pm\) 2.81) & 23.01 (SD \(\pm\) 3.04) & 21.10 (SD \(\pm\) 2.10) & 0.31 \\ Time of relaxation, ms & 193.44 (SD \(\pm\) 229.46) & 134.54 (SD \(\pm\) 95.87) & 113.51 (SD \(\pm\) 50.80) & 0.89 \\ Maximal radial displacement, mm & 4.06 (SD\(\pm\) 2.21) & 4.67 (SD \(\pm\) 2.01) & 2.74 (SD \(\pm\) 2.16) & 0.15 \\ Time of sustain, ms & 505.01 (SD\(\pm\) 181.14) & 468.23 (SD \(\pm\) 211.26) & 498.96 (SD \(\pm\) 284.42) & 0.72 \\ \hline
**Upper Trapezius contralateral** & & & & \\ Time of contraction, ms & 35.33 (SD \(\pm\) 23.23) & 44.52 (SD \(\pm\) 26.62) & 27.21 (SD \(\pm\) 10.60) & 0.14 \\ Time of delay, ms & 22.02 (SD \(\pm\) 1.86) & 23.72 (SD \(\pm\) 3.26) & 21.10 (SD \(\pm\) 2.10) & 0.30 \\ Time of relaxation, ms & 135.30 (SD \(\pm\) 87.78) & 136.01 (SD \(\pm\) 61.67) & 113.51 (SD \(\pm\) 50.80) & 0.88 \\ Maximal radial displacement, mm & 3.40 (SD \(\pm\) 1.41) & 3.96 (SD \(\pm\) 1.04) & 2.74 (SD \(\pm\) 2.16) & 0.14 \\ Time of sustain, ms & 472.74 (SD \(\pm\) 217.46) & 520.27 (SD \(\pm\) 256.76) & 498.96 (SD \(\pm\) 284.42) & 0.92 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}
Table 2: Tensiomyography parameters in lateral trunk flexion group (TLF) and in healthy controls (HC).  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{l c c c c} \hline \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**PPT**} & **LTF** & **HC** & **Differences** & \multirow{2}{*}{_p_**-Value**} \\  & t1 365.76 (SD \(\pm\) 181.12) & & t1 vs. t2 & \(-\)11.56 & \(<\)0.01 ** \\  & t2 704.17 (SD \(\pm\) 134.24) & & t1 vs HC & \(-\)10.44 & \(<\)0.05 * \\  & & t2 vs HC & 1.11 & \(>\)0.05 \\ \hline
**L3 contralateral** & t1 438.62 (SD \(\pm\) 159.25) & 713.30 (SD \(\pm\) 216.34) & t1 vs. t2 & \(-\)11.33 & \(<\)0.01 ** \\  & t2 714.61 (SD \(\pm\) 157.35) & & t1 vs HC & \(-\)10.00 & \(<\)0.05 * \\  & & & t2 vs HC & 1.33 & \(>\)0.05 \\ \hline
**T6 ipsilateral** & t1 423.99 (SD \(\pm\) 91.11) & 598.02 (SD \(\pm\) 80.12) & t1 vs. t2 & \(-\)8.78 & \(>\)0.05 \\  & t2 561.13 (SD \(\pm\) 143.01) & & t1 vs. HC & \(-\)10.89 & \(<\)0.05 * \\  & & t2 vs. HC & \(-\)2.11 & \(>\)0.05 \\ \hline
**T6 contralateral** & t1 369.09 (SD \(\pm\) 68.06) & 598.02 (SD \(\pm\) 80.12) & t1 vs. t2 & \(-\)11.78 & \(<\)0.01 ** \\  & t2 573.89 (SD \(\pm\) 137.52) & & t1 vs. HC & \(-\)13.22 & \(<\)0.01 ** \\  & & t2 vs. HC & \(-\)1.44 & \(>\)0.05 \\ \hline
**C3 ipsilateral** & t1 330.38 (SD \(\pm\) 132.70) & 565.49 (SD \(\pm\) 82.35) & t1 vs. t2 & \(-\)8.00 & \(>\)0.05 \\  & t2 493.60 (SD \(\pm\) 133.94) & & t1 vs. HC & \(-\)12.33 & \(<\)0.01 ** \\  & & & t2 vs HC & \(-\)4.33 & \(>\)0.05 \\ \hline
**C3 contralateral** & t1 356.61 (SD \(\pm\) 136.25) & 565.49 (SD \(\pm\) 82.35) & t1 vs. t2 & \(-\)4.33 & \(>\)0.05 \\  & t2 446.81 (SD \(\pm\) 102.14) & & t1 vs. HC & \(-\)11.17 & \(<\)0.01 ** \\  & & t2 vs. HC & \(-\)6.83 & \(>\)0.05 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}
Table 1: Pressure pain threshold.