# Student eXperience: A Systematic Literature Review
## 5 Answering the Research Questions
### RQ3: What Methods Are Used to Evaluate (Undergraduate) SX? Evaluating SX is of growing interest among various governments and HEIs. As a result of efforts to improve student satisfaction, frameworks and scales have been proposed to measure students' satisfaction, and overall student experiences in HE. Otherwise, student experience is typically measured using policy driven metrics [10]. This is the case with tools such as the NSS [117], NSSE [118], SES, Course Experience Questionnaire (CEQ), and variations of the SERVQUAL scale, to evaluate satisfaction with educational services in different case studies. In addition, some tools have focused on engagement aspects, such as SEEVI [63]. All the tools mentioned above have in common the characteristic of gathering opinions directly from students. While this is a positive aspect, it is hardly sufficient. [PERSON] et al. have pointed out the importance of the commitment of the university, faculty management and academic staff to address students' issues correctly [108]. In this way, it is evident that the various mechanisms to evaluate the experience of students must be matched with appropriate measures to effectively improve student satisfaction. The term \"student experience\" is usually associated with students' perceived satisfaction. In the words of [PERSON] and [PERSON], \"measuring student experience in terms of satisfaction is a national measure used by prospective students when considering their higher education choices\" [88]. [PERSON] and [PERSON] have analyzed the degree of satisfaction that international students perceive in the different dimensions of their university experience. By performing a regression analysis on the data obtained from the students, \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c} \hline \hline
**ID** & **Category** & **Citeria** \\ \hline Social Dimension & Community Relationship & [21,58,67,70,82,89,91,94,95,96,97] \\ Institutional Engagement & [25,60,67,73,73,79,81,86,88,89,94,96,98,95,105] \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{\
\begin{tabular}{c} Educational Dimension \\ \end{tabular} } & Learning Engagement & [17,21,25,29,61,66,67,73,76,78,79,81,86,89,95,104,105,104,107] \\  & Higher Education Quality & [11,24,34,37,58,59,63,76,81,84,98,108,113] \\  & Learning Resources/ & [10,16,35,62,65,66,69,-71,73,75,91,99,105,107] \\  & Educational/ & [60,69,78,82,97,102,106,114] \\  & Support Services & \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{
\begin{tabular}{c} Personal Dimension \\ \end{tabular} } & Student Development & [17,29,67,72,76,95,114] \\  & and Outcomes & [10,67,70,78,80,95,97,115] \\  & Student Feplings & & \\  & and Emotions & [26,58,76,90,91,95,96,105] \\  & Environment Relationship & [26,58,76,90,91,95,96,105] \\  & Student Thoughts, Identity & [10-12,15,17-20,22–24,26–28,30–41,43–45,48,50–58,60–63,65–69,71,76,77,79,81,83–93,95,97,99–102,105–108,114,115] \\  & and Background & \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 5: Student experience observable dimensions. they were able to identify four dimensions of satisfaction related to students' experiences: arrival experience, learning experience, living experience, and support services experience [106]. To carry out their study, they relied on the International Student Barometer (ISB), which tracks and compares the decision making, expectations, perceptions and intentions of international students, from application to graduation [119]. Student satisfaction and student experience are often measured in terms of the quality of services or products that HEIs offer to them [94]. Additionally, the quality of the services offered is usually measured in terms of teaching [98, 109, 110]. In view of the dimensions that we have analyzed in this article, it is evident that a quality approach focused solely on teaching is a mistake. The relationship between student experience, quality, and satisfaction is more evident when we analyze the relationship between students' experiences and university accreditation, carried out by agencies such as the Quality Assurance Agency (QAA) in the UK [111].