## 1 Introduction
The different types of EMI measurement techniques are shown in Figure 2.  
Moreover, the IEEE standard 1459-2010 [14; 15] defines the THD value and determines the quality of the consumed electrical energy. On the other hand, the IEEE 1459-2010 standard provides suitable descriptions to perform electrical measurement analyses under a wide range of power quality parameters, including sinusoidal, non-sinusoidal, stable, and imbalance conditions, which are prevalent in real-world situations. In addition to that, the spreading of the output spectrum could also help to reduce the effects of EMI at different time instances. Here, the probability of switching patterns has been estimated for constructing the randomization model for reducing EMI in circuit designs. Similar to that, the spread spectrum frequency modulation is also one of the widely used methodologies for controlling the switching frequencies. Figure 1: EMI reduction techniques. The overall harmonics level can be decreased by inserting the proper amount of harmonic voltage with the reference voltage. For this process, the optimal controlling techniques are utilized that intend to reduce the THD of the output voltage based on space vector pulse width modulation (SVPWM). Then, the switched capacitors also have the ability to suppress the EMIs by modifying the output spectrum. Yet, these methodologies are limited by the problems [16; 17] of inefficient control, increased error values, and high noise content. In order to solve these problems, this research work intends to develop an intelligent random modulation technique for EMI reduction. In the methodology put forward, there is a combined approach to utilize maximum power electronic system performance with combined advanced control and modulation methods. First of all, randomization is presented through an FPGA-based design for random modulation purposes in order to reduce electromagnetic noise and spread the spectrum. On these grounds, an interleaved boost DC-DC converter topology is implemented for producing precision control pulses to be used to drive the switching devices. To further enhance harmonic performance, an innovative space vector-dithered sigma delta modulation (SV-DiSDM) scheme is proposed using a fully digitalized control method to reduce harmonic distortion and improve signal integrity. The efficiency and performance of the model proposed are extensively tested by using many evaluation parameters like total harmonic distortion (THD), switching frequency, switching loss, and distortion products, to ensure the stability and usability of the designed system. The major objectives behind this work are as follows:  
* the randomization concept is implemented with an FPGA design for random modulation;
* the interleaved boost DC-DC converter topology has been utilized for generating the controlling pulses for actuating the switching devices based on the dithering model;
* then, a space vector-dithered sigma delta modulation (SV-DiSDM) scheme is developed for reducing the effects of harmonics based on the digitalized controlling strategy;  
Figure 2: EMI measurement techniques. the performance and efficiency of the proposed modeling are validated by using different evaluation metrics such as THD, switching frequency, switching loss, and distortion product. The rest of the sections present in the paper are structured as follows: the existing controlling techniques used for the mitigation of EMI are discussed with their advantages and disadvantages in Section 2. The detailed description of the proposed methodology is presented with its flow of illustration in Section 3. The simulation results and performance analysis of both existing and proposed techniques used for reducing the EMI noise are discussed in Section 4. Finally, the overall paper is summarized with its outcomes and future scope in Section 5.