## 4 Results
### Effects of Personality Traits and Other Factors on SWB During the COVID-19 Pandemic
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{l c c c c c c c} \hline \hline  & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Pattern 1**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Pattern 2**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Pattern 3**} \\ \multicolumn{2}{c}{**(LINE + Twitter + Instagram)**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**(LINE + Twitter + Instagram + TikTok)**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**(LINE + Twitter + Instagram + Discord)**} \\  & 2021 & 2022 & 2023 & 2021 & 2022 & 2023 & 2021 & 2022 & 2023 \\  & (\(n\) = 730) & (\(n\) = 472) & (\(n\) = 275) & (\(n\) = 175) & (\(n\) = 126) & (\(n\) = 95) & (\(n\) = 116) & (\(n\) = 120) \\ \hline Gender \({}^{2}\) & & \multicolumn{2}{c}{\(-\)0.07 \({}^{*}\)} & & & & & \\ Age & & & & 0.12 \({}^{*}\) & & & & \\ Living Condition \({}^{3}\) & & & \(-\)0.08 \({}^{**}\) & & & & & \\ Generalized Trust & 0.04 \({}^{*}\) & 0.10 \({}^{**}\) & & & & & 0.14 \({}^{*}\) \\ Self-indeterminate & & 0.29 \({}^{***}\) & 0.23 \({}^{***}\) & & & 0.18 \({}^{*}\) & 0.17 \({}^{**}\) & 0.25 \({}^{***}\) \\ Self-establishment & 0.24 \({}^{***}\) & & & 0.13 \({}^{*}\) & & & & \\ Self-independent & & \multicolumn{2}{c}{\(-\)0.09 \({}^{*}\)} & & 0.14 \({}^{*}\) & & & \\ Self-variable & & 0.07 \({}^{*}\) & & \(-\)0.10 \({}^{*}\) & & & & \\ Rejection Avoidance & & \(-\)0.16 \({}^{***}\) & \(-\)0.13 \({}^{**}\) & & & & & \\ Praise Acquisition & 0.14 \({}^{***}\) & 0.16 \({}^{***}\) & 0.12 \({}^{**}\) & 0.17 \({}^{**}\) & 0.22 \({}^{**}\) & & & \\ Self-appeal & & \(-\)0.08 \({}^{\dagger}\) & & & & & & \\ Topic Avoidance & & & & & & & & \\ Internet Usage Time via & & & & & & & & 0.13 \({}^{*}\) \\ Computer & & & & & & & & \\ Internet Usage Time via & & & & & & & & 0.14 \({}^{*}\) \\ Tablet & & & & & & & & & \\ OCSs & 0.10 \({}^{***}\) & 0.14 \({}^{***}\) & 0.14 \({}^{**}\) & 0.15 \({}^{*}\) & & & 0.19 \({}^{*}\) & & \\ LINE Monthly Usage Time & & & & & & \(-\)0.17 \({}^{\sharp}\) & & & \\ Twitter Monthly Usage Time & & & & & & & & \\ Instagram Monthly Usage & & & & & & & & \\ Time & & & & & & & & \\ LINE Posting Frequency & 0.05 \({}^{*}\) & & & & & & & & \\ Instagram Posting Frequency & & & & & & & & & 0.10 \({}^{\sharp}\) \\ Anxiety Toward COVID-19 & & & & & & & & & & \\ Depression Tendency & \(-\)0.29 \({}^{***}\) & \(-\)0.26 \({}^{***}\) & \(-\)0.29 \({}^{***}\) & \(-\)0.18 \({}^{***}\) & \(-\)0.45 \({}^{***}\) & \(-\)0.40 \({}^{***}\) & \(-\)0.44 \({}^{***}\) & \(-\)0.28 \({}^{***}\) \\ Social Support & 0.37 \({}^{***}\) & 0.21 \({}^{***}\) & 0.30 \({}^{***}\) & 0.47 \({}^{***}\) & 0.39 \({}^{***}\) & 0.22 \({}^{**}\) & 0.41 \({}^{***}\) & 0.43 \({}^{***}\) \\ \hline Adjusted R\({}^{2}\) & 0.58 & 0.55 & 0.56 & 0.59 & 0.45 & 0.55 & 0.63 & 0.66 \\ F-value & 141.92 \({}^{***}\) & 48.05 \({}^{***}\) & 45.39 \({}^{***}\) & 35.97 \({}^{***}\) & 26.69 \({}^{***}\) & 16.90 \({}^{***}\) & 48.99 \({}^{***}\) & 29.34 \({}^{***}\) \\ Range of VIF & 1.00–1.31 & 1.01–1.80 & 1.03–1.38 & 1.06–1.50 & 1.05–1.22 & 1.05–1.57 & 1.03–1.35 & 1.11–1.40 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular} \({}^{1,2}\)\(p<\)0.10; \({}^{*}\)\(p<\)0.05; \({}^{**}\)\(p<\)0.01; \({}^{***}\)\(p<\)0.001. \({}^{2}\) Considering that gender is a nominal scale, females were coded as \({}^{**}\)07; males \({}^{**}\)17, and others are \({}^{**}\)22. However, as the number of others was small, only males and females were analyzed in the multiple regression and analyses. \({}^{8}\) Regarding living type, multiple regression analyses were performed, with “1” indicating living alone and “2” indicating living with someone, regardless of the place of residence.  
\end{table} 
Table 8: Comparison of factors affecting subjective well-being \({}^{1}\). in Pattern 2 for 2021 and 2023. In addition, posting frequency on LINE was found only in Pattern 1 in 2021, and posting frequency on Instagram was found only in Pattern 1 in 2022. The self-establishment factor was found to have a positive relationship with SWB in 2021 for Patterns 1 and 2, and an increase in Internet usage time via computers and tablets for Pattern 3 had a positive relationship with SWB in 2023 and 2022, respectively.