## 6 Conclusions  
By constructing the SD model for the comprehensive benefit of energy-saving retrofit of existing residential buildings and simulation results, the growth trend of the comprehensive benefit of urban residential building retrofit during the period from 2016 to 2035 was simulated, and the following conclusions were drawn:  
(1) It is found that the growth is relatively slow in the early period and is rapid in the later period, and the curve fits the actual situation of the implementation of urban retrofit of the old neighborhoods better, which means that the urban residential buildings in this Liaoning Province remodeling can potentially obtain large benefits.  
(2) At present, the factors affecting the efficiency of existing residential building renovation are the socio-economic environment, government policy level, degree of development of energy-saving technologies, and energy-saving renovation of the market demand for the four aspects. These factors have complex relationships with each other. The implementation of energy-saving renovation projects in the future will focus on the synergistic effect of the socio-economy, policy designation, energy-saving technologies, and market demand.  
(3) After changing the parameters for the above four influencing factors, the simulation found that the increase in the rate of technological progress has the greatest impact on the comprehensive benefits of the retrofit of the existing residential buildings. As per the simulation of the year 2035, the unit change in the rate of technological progress in energy saving has increased the energy consumption benefits by 2.22%, the environmental benefits by 3.39%, and the economic benefits by 3.33%, respectively.  
(4) To observe an increase in benefits, a certain aspect of the input can be changed to enhance the benefits of the transformation of existing residential buildings, but it cannot fully and synergistically produce an equal growth in energy consumption, environment, and economic tripartite benefits; the early stage exhibited a reduction in the amount of energy consumption and carbon emissions; however, the economic benefits were observed in the later stages.  
(5) The reduction in energy consumption of each part of residential buildings is affected by the adoption of retrofitting measures, and this effect varies for each part. In the baseline scenario, the reduction in energy consumption of centralized heating system accounts for 35.09% of the total reduction, of air-conditioning equipment accounts for 28.07%, of lighting equipment accounts for 21.05%, and of other electrical equipment accounts for about 15.79%; thus, the centralized heating retrofit has a greater potential of producing energy consumption benefits.  
Conceptualization, S.L.; Methodology, L.L. and H.L.; Data curation, R.S. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.  
Project supported by the Scientific Research Foundation of the Higher Education Institutions of Liaoning Province, China (No. JYTQN2023140).  
Not applicable.  
The original contributions presented in this study are included in the article. Further inquiries can be directed to the corresponding author.  
The authors declare no conflicts of interest.