## 5 Conclusions  
Since the 1960s, the progressive retreat of the Dead Sea has induced significant disruptions in the hydrodynamic equilibrium and geomorphology of the basin. The continuous decline in the Dead Sea's water level has resulted in a landward migration of the freshwater/saline water interface, necessitating hydrodynamic readjustment. This process drives hundreds of millions of cubic meters (Mm\({}^{3}\)) of freshwater per meter of sea level decline to discharge from adjacent aquifers, compensating for evaporative losses and interface migration [60; 61; 62; 63; 64; 65; 66]. This intensified influx of groundwater into salt-saturated coastal deposits has triggered the dissolution of soluble evaporites and the erosion of the unconsolidated, fine-grained material. The entrenchment of wadi profiles has led to increased landslide activity, posing severe risks to infrastructure in the region. Exacerbated flash floods are causing rapid erosion and structural destabilization in areas already weakened by subsidence and slope failures. These interrelated hydrological, geomorphological, and geotechnical processes have profound implications for environmental stability and infrastructure resilience. These dynamics serve as the foundational context for modern research integrating advanced geophysical methods and remote sensing technologies. These studies aim to predict and mitigate geohazards associated with the Dead Sea's retreat, providing critical insights into subsurface instability, structural deformation, and the broader impacts on civil and environmental engineering challenges. The evolution of remote sensing and geophysical methodologies reflects significant advances in understanding the geological and hydrological dynamics of the Dead Sea basin. Corona satellite imagery, acquired in the 1960s but made accessible only after declassification in the 2000s, played a pioneering role in tracing early morphological changes, such as shoreline retreat and alterations in river channels, providing essential historical benchmarks. The integration of these data with more recent satellite missions, including Landsat, Sentinel-2, and VHR imagery, has expanded the temporal and spatial scope of analyses. Simultaneously, geophysical techniques have undergone a remarkable evolution. Initially focused on seismic refraction and electrical resistivity surveys, these methods enabled the mapping of evaporitic layers and the identification of subsurface weaknesses. The development of advanced tools, such as seismic tomography, electromagnetic surveys, and magnetotelluric analyses, now facilitates the detection of forming cavities, the assessment of sinkhole risks, and the modeling of underlying processes with unprecedented precision. The advances in remote sensing, particularly the advent of SAR and InSAR, have revolutionized ground deformation monitoring. InSAR provides millimeter-level precision, allowing the detection of sinkhole precursors, subsidence, and tectonic movements with exceptional granularity. Techniques like Persistent Scatterer and Small Baseline Subset, which leverage temporal series of SAR data, have further enhanced this capability by identifying subtle surface deformations. These remote sensing tools are now systematically coupled with geophysical approaches to validate and refine observations. For instance, InSAR data on subsidence are cross-referenced with geophysical surveys to quantify dissolution processes and better understand the interactions between groundwater flow, evaporitic deposits, and active fault systems. Recent research has led to the development of integrated tools such as the Sinkhole Scanner, which combines remote sensing data with advanced mathematical models. This tool identifies spatiotemporal deformation patterns indicative of sinkhole formation, setting a benchmark for early warning systems. Supported by geophysical surveys, the Sinkhole Scanner offers promising prospects for mitigating risks related to industrial operations, tourism infrastructure, and environmental management.