# New Compact Wearable Metamaterials Circular Patch Antennas for IoT, Medical and 5G Applications
## 7 Wearable Metamaterial Antennas for 5G, IoT and Medical Applications
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c} \hline \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**Antenna**} & \begin{tabular}{c} **Frequency** \\ **(GHz)** \\ \end{tabular} & \multirow{2}{*}{**Bandwidth \%**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**VSWR**} & \
\begin{tabular}{c} **Computed** \\ **Gain dBi** \\ \end{tabular} &
\begin{tabular}{c} **Measured** \\ **Gain dBi** \\ \end{tabular} \\ \hline Circular patch with CSRR & 2.63 & 8 & 2:1 & 75 & 7.8 \\ \hline Active Circular Receiving Patch & 2.5 & 25 & 2:1 & 13.5 & 14.0 \\ \hline Stacked circular patch with CSRR & 2.7 & 8 & 2:1 & 8.5 & 8.4 \\ \hline Printed dipole [2] & 0.43 & 5-10 & 2:1 & 2-3 & 2-3 \\ \hline Dipole with CSRR & 0.4 & 8-12 & 2:1 & 5-7 & 5-7 \\ \hline Dipole ( CSRR and strips) [2] & 0.35 & 50 & 2:5:1 & 5-7.5 & 5-7.5 \\ \hline Loop [2] & 0.43 & 5-10 & 4:1 & 0 & 0 \\ \hline Patch [2] & 2.2 & 1-3 & 2:1 & 2-3 & 2-3 \\ \hline Stacked Patch [2] & 2.2 & 10–15 & 2:1 & 4–5 & 4–5 \\ \hline Slot [2] & 2.5 & 50 & 2:1 & 3 & 3 \\ \hline T shape slot [2] & 2.5 & 60 & 2:1 & 3 & 3 \\ \hline Active slot & 2.5 & 40 & 3:1 & 12–20 & 12–21 \\ \hline Active T slot & 2.5 & 50 & 3:1 & 12–20 & 12–21 \\ \hline Active slot with CSRR [2] & 2.5 & 50 & 2:5:1 & 10–16 & 11–16 \\ \hline Active Stacked Circular Patch & 2.5 & 25 & 2:1 & 12–14 & 11–15 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 7: Comparison of electrical characteristics of wearable antennas [1,2]. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c} \hline \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**Tissue**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**Property**} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{**430 MHz**} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{**600 MHz**} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{**1 GHz**} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{**1.2 GHz**} \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{Small intestine} & \(\sigma\) & 1.74 & 1.74 & 1.74 & 1.74 \\  & \(\epsilon\) & 128.1 & 128.1 & 128.1 & 128.1 \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{Fat tissues} & \(\sigma\) & 0.045 & 0.05 & 0.054 & 0.058 \\  & \(\epsilon\) & 5.00 & 5 & 4.72 & 4.57 \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{Stomach tissues} & \(\sigma\) & 0.67 & 0.75 & 0.96 & 0.97 \\  & \(\epsilon\) & 42.9 & 41.40 & 39.66 & 39.05 \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{Blood} & \(\sigma\) & 1.72 & 1.78 & 1.91 & 1.98 \\  & \(\epsilon\) & 57.3 & 56.5 & 55.40 & 55.00 \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{Colon} & \(\sigma\) & 1.00 & 1.05 & 1.30 & 1.44 \\  & \(\epsilon\) & 63.6 & 61.9 & 60.00 & 59.40 \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{Skin} & \(\sigma\) & 0.57 & 0.6 & 0.63 & 0.76 \\  & \(\epsilon\) & 41.6 & 40.45 & 40.25 & 39.65 \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{Lung tissues} & \(\sigma\) & 0.27 & 0.27 & 0.27 & 0.27 \\  & \(\epsilon\) & 38.4 & 38.4 & 38.4 \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{Kidney tissues} & \(\sigma\) & 0.90 & 0.90 & 0.90 & 0.90 \\  & \(\epsilon\) & 117.45 & 117.45 & 117.45 & 117.45 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 5: Electrical properties of body tissues [16,17]. A photo of a prototype of the Active Stacked Circular Patch is shown in Figure 25a. A block diagram and layout of the antenna components are presented in Figure 25b. Global medical monitoring health system with WBAN and BAN Systems is presented in Figure 26. This global medical monitoring health system may be accessed online at any time from every place in the world. Wearable medical systems and sensors can measure body temperature, heartbeat, blood pressure, sweat rate, perform gait analysis and other physiological parameters of the person wearing the medical device. Gait analysis is a useful tool both in clinical practice and biomechanical research. Gait analysis using wearable sensors provides quantitative and repeatable results over extended time periods with low cost and good portability, showing better prospects and making great progress in recent years. In sport and commercial wearable sensors are used in several applications of gait analysis. Figure 25: (**a**) A photo of a prototype of the Active Stacked Circular Patch; (**b**) Antenna layout.