## 1 Introduction  
The continuous and rapid increase of digital multimedia streaming is estimated to comprise 82% of Internet traffic by 2021 [1]. The proliferation of multimedia streaming devices (e.g., smartphones, laptops, tablets, gaming consoles, etc.) with wide accessibility to wireless networks plays a pivotal role in characterizing the increased demand for multimedia streaming over the Internet. Moreover, the bandwidth capacity for universal Internet access has not grown as the host's computing power. The Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) is used in multimedia streaming without underlying network support via the Internet Protocol (IP) [2]. HTTP multimedia streaming provides device fluidity, cache-friendliness, data-agnostic web servers and the ability to avoid network translation and firewall problems [3]. However, HTTP is based on the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP). Therefore, having an overhead of about twice the media bit rate compared to the Real-Time Transport Protocol (RTP) and the User Datagram Protocol (UDP). This leads to delays in delivering multimedia content and the under-utilization of communication network resources [4]. Managing multimedia streaming for heterogeneous devices under unreliable network environments is challenging. Initially, a progressive download technique allowed HTTP applications to download a complete monolithic multimedia file to the end host using TCP. This results in all clients receiving the same video despite variations in network bandwidth and their capabilities. An improvement in progressive downloads resulted in adaptive streaming. In adaptive streaming, the multimedia file is divided into smaller duration chunks, known as segments. These segments are encoded with different qualities and transferred to the end host based on their available resources. Access to these media segments enables HTTP Adaptive Streaming (HAS). In HAS, adaptation is performed at the receiver end. A receiver estimates its network path conditions and capabilities and requests a different representation of the similar media encoded at different encoding rates appropriate at a certain point in time. A single layer video codec such as Advanced Video Coding (AVC) or multi-layer codec, such as Scalable Video Coding (SVC) can generate multiple media representations [5; 6]. HAS represents most internet video traffic based on commercial solutions. This includes HTTP Live Streaming from Apple [7], smooth streaming from Microsoft [8], HD from Akamai [9], and HTTP Dynamic Streaming from Adobe [10]. Apart from proprietary alternatives, the Moving Picture Experts Group (MPEG) in collaboration with 3 rd Generation Partnership Project (3 GPP) contributed to the standardization of streaming solutions for the HTTP streaming of MPEG media. This resulted in Dynamic Adaptive Streaming over HTTP (DASH) or MPEG-DASH [11]. Unlike proprietary solutions DASH provides an open specification for adaptive streaming over HTTP and leaves the implementation of the adaptation logic to third parties. The Software Defined Networking (SDN) paradigm has revolutionized the way we looked at networks by decoupling control and data planes. A controller centralizes and manages network intelligence in a SDN. This allows external applications to program the network and simplify network management by developing, implementing, and testing new algorithms. We already know of the fact that routing plays an important role in enhancing the network resource utilization. Multiple paths between two systems result in reliable and increased data throughput. SDN can provide the routing flexibility needed by the network, while Multipath TCP (MPTCP) can provide multiple paths between two endpoints. MPTCP is an extension of TCP that, enables the use of different route paths between two nodes in a network. However, transferring packets across different route pathways can lead to a considerable reorganization of packages, leading to decreased throughput and the significant usage of CPU resources [12].