## 5 Conclusions  
This study concludes the following:  
* With the 90%, 95%, and 99% occurrence levels, there were no distinct differences in the number of drops and drop heights found between the small and medium packages.
* Seven and eight shock events at the 95% occurrence level were found in the Korean parcel shipping environment for the small and medium packages, respectively. This finding indicates a significantly lower number of shock events compared to the parcel shipping environments in Europe and USA and the ISTA 3A standard. This may be due to the relatively fewer handling points than in other countries with larger territories.
* The drop heights experienced by ground-shipped parcels in Korea are 17-28% greater than observed in Europe or simulated in the ISTA 3A testing.
* The edges (50%) of the instrumented decoys and the orientations on and around the bottoms (80%) of the packages were most frequently impacted during shipment. This trend was also shown in the past study conducted in Europe and the ISTA 3A standard. Shock events most frequently occurred during the loading and unloading processes within hub terminals and sub terminals.
* The data presented in this study distinctively show that the Korean parcel delivery system has a very unique package handling environment in terms of the shock frequency and level of shock experienced by packages. Therefore, packaging engineers are encouraged to re-evaluate their protective packaging designs when the packages are shipped through the Korean parcel delivery system.
* This study marks the first comprehensive exploration and statistical analysis of the characteristics of the shock and drop events that parcel packages undergo in the ground shipping service environment within Korea. The results of this study indicate that there are differences between the intensity of the parcel delivery handling environment in Korea, commonly used international standards, and the handling environments in other geographical regions. The data presented in this study could serve as crucial foundational information that aligns with the realities of Korea, enabling the establishment of regional package testing standards and updating regulations regarding limiting the overuse of packaging materials. However, to fully characterize the extent of the differences, further research is recommended using a broader range of package sizes, additional routes, and different types of shipping services. This expansion will help capture additional potential variances present in the Korean parcel shipping environment.  
Conceptualization, S.K. and L.H.; data curation, S.K.; formal analysis, S.K.; funding acquisition, L.H.; investigation, S.K. and S.L.; methodology, S.K. and L.H.; project administration, L.H.; resources, L.H. and S.L.; software, S.K.; supervision, L.H.; validation, S.K. and L.H.; visualization, S.K.; writing--original draft, S.K.; writing--review and editing, L.H. and S.L. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.  
This research was funded by C] Cheiljedang.  
Not applicable.  
Restrictions apply to the availability of these data. Data were obtained from CJ Cheiljedang and are available from the authors with the permission of CJ Cheiljedang.  
Author [PERSON] was employed by the company CJ Cheiljedang. The remaining authors declare that the re-search was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.