## 3 Results
### AI-Driven Personalized Learning: Real-Time Analytics and Adaptive Tutoring  
One of the most transformative effects of AI in education is the capacity for real-time adaptation to learner needs. Sophisticated tutoring systems now diagnose individual skill gaps, generate custom quizzes, and deliver scaffolded content to address specific deficiencies [26; 37; 38]. Paired with continuous feedback from 5G-connected tablets or VR headsets, AI-based instructors can modify lesson difficulty by on-the-fly-leveraging even subtle biometric cues (e.g., gaze data, gesture analysis) to flag confusion or disengagement. For example, ref. [4] showed that 5G-enabled smart classrooms leverage AI, VR/AR, and big data for real-time learning. The study emphasizes how 5G's high speed and low latency support holographic projection, VR-based immersive learning, and AI-powered speech recognition, leading to enhanced student engagement and improved learning efficiency. Additionally, ref. [3] demonstrated that 5G mobile Internet enhances English teaching through real-time data transmission and AI-supported assessment systems. Using the Reformed Best Available Technology Optimization Algorithm (RBOA), the study optimized network transmission, improving students' language proficiency and engagement in interactive learning environments. The results indicated notable improvements in remote learning efficiency and creative problem-solving compared to traditional methods. In practical terms, AI personalization extends to language support, bridging linguistic barriers through automated text-to-speech, real-time translation, sign-language overlays, and high Internet speed, which are critical facilitators. For example, ref. [39] reported how a cloud-based platform translating lecture slides on the fly minimized communication delays and improved bilingual learners' comprehension. Complementarily, ref. [40] found that AI-driven sign-language recognition gloves, combined with VR-based visual feedback, helped hearing-impaired students participate more fully in remote laboratories. These inclusive methods also benefit students with attention disorders or visual impairments, particularly when content can be tailored for reading speed, color contrast, or font adjustments [41]. EEG-based neurofeedback, integrated with 5G-enabled adaptive learning, enhances online education by personalizing content in real time, as shown in [36]. The study introduced the Adaptive Neuro-Learning System (ANLS), which monitors students' attention using single-channel EEG at Cz and dynamically adjusts video content. A controlled experiment with 60 university students showed that ANLS improved test scores by 48.1% compared to conventional online learning. EEG-based attention indices, such as theta/alpha ratios, effectively detected cognitive engagement, enabling targeted interventions. Results \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{p{85.4 pt} p{113.8 pt} p{113.8 pt}} \hline
**Context and Level/Reference** & **Key Technologies** & **Primary Outcome** \\ \hline University English Courses [3] & 5G + AI-based real-time analytics & 50\% increase in remote learning efficiency; positive impact of 5G on English instruction. \\ \hline Higher Education Smart Classrooms [4] & Holographic teaching, VR, speech recognition & Improved student immersion, engagement, and teaching efficiency in 5G-enabled classrooms. \\ \hline Higher Education (multi-discipline) [13] & Generative AI assistants, AI-assisted teaching and assessment & Teachers and human emotional intelligence remain crucial; balanced AI integration creates better engagement. \\ \hline Online University Courses [36] & Single-channel electroencephalography (EEG) + real-time adaptive modules & Successfully raise students’ overall learning performance. \\ \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 4: Select case studies of AI-enabled 5G classrooms. confirmed that real-time neurofeedback significantly enhances focus and comprehension in digital learning environments.