## 1 Introduction  
Morphometrics of teeth have been areas of interest in anthropological, forensic, and clinical studies [1]. The permanent canines are one of the most important teeth of the oral cavity because they are stable and have unique features [2, 3]. The morphometrics of permanent canines have gained attention as a potential tool for sex dimorphism, aiding in forensic identifications and contributing to the understanding of population diversity [4; 5; 6]. Subsequently, the studies focusing on the morphometric analysis of permanent canines have expanded globally, aiming to explore the intricate variations within different populations [6; 7; 8; 9; 10; 11; 12]. Sex dimorphism, the morphological differences between males and females, is a prominent area of study within morphometrics [13; 14; 15; 16; 17; 18]. Dental features, including permanent canines, exhibit varying degrees of gender dimorphism [19]. In forensic dentistry contexts where skeletal remains or dental evidence require identification analysis, identifying these differences can aid in gender determination [14; 15; 16; 17; 18]. The concept of utilizing dental characteristics for gender determination has gained momentum due to its potential accuracy and non-invasive nature. Numerous studies have portrayed the significance of morphometrics in gender identification and estimation, carried out on various subjects throughout the world [18; 19; 20; 21].  
Researchers have used morphometric analysis for sex identification in various populations using different teeth, such as maxillary molars, incisors, mandibular molars, and maxillary premolars [12; 13; 14; 15; 16; 17; 18; 12; 19; 20; 21; 22; 23; 24; 25; 26]. Dental anthropologists have applied this method to understand population-specific variations in dental characteristics and their evolutionary implications [19]. Morphometric analysis of permanent canines within the Arabian population offers a compelling avenue for research due to the Arabian population's unique genetic heritage and cultural practices. The potential applications of morphometric analysis in forensic, anthropological, and clinical contexts underscore its significance. [PERSON] et al. [26] investigated the initial findings of sex dimorphism morphometrics in permanent canines, laying the foundation for further investigations in this domain. Another study [27] from Saudi Arabia used a three-dimensional digital method and discriminant function analysis to investigate differences between male and female maxillary permanent canines in the Saudi population. The Arabian population, characterized by its unique genetic heritage and diverse practices, provides a unique platform to investigate morphometric variations in permanent canines. Different measurements were used to establish the morphometrics of permanent canines and sex identification in forensic and anthropological investigations involving various methods, including canines, mandibular parameters, and mesiodistal and labiolingual widths [8; 12; 14; 16; 19; 22; 24; 26; 27]. However, none of the studies used mesiodistal and cervicoiacial widths of both maxillary and mandibular canines for sex dimorphism determination. Therefore, the study aimed to establish the use of mesiodistal and cervicoincisal widths to identify sex differences and sex dimorphism.