## 11 Conclusions  
This paper presents a comprehensive hybrid approach to large-scale seismic vulnerability and risk assessment of existing urban areas. The methodology combines the advantages of the vulnerability index method in assessing the vulnerability of a large number of buildings with a detailed analytical approach based on the nonlinear static pushover method, which allows determination of the capacity curves and detection of the specific limit states of the buildings. The proposed methodology includes all phases leading to the final risk estimation, starting from data collection and detecting characteristics of buildings and ground type, vulnerability index evaluation, non-linear analysis of the selected buildings, defining vulnerability-peak ground acceleration curves, deriving vulnerability curves for the selected urban area and, finally, risk representation in terms of the damage index and the index of seismic risk. The methodology has been applied to a whole urban settlement placed along the Croatian Adriatic coast, which has expanded over past centuries, resulting in a heterogeneous distribution of the buildings with different architectural, material, and structural characteristics. The present study covered various types of masonry buildings, ranging from stone masonry buildings several centuries old to the buildings made of concrete and brick blocks built from the mid-20 th century to the present day in compliance with the technical regulations or common building rules during the construction period. The findings of the present research are crucial for several reasons. Firstly, the paper presents a methodological approach for a full consideration of seismic risk that can be applied to any settlement. It is not necessary to dispose with the data on damage from the previous earthquakes to conduct the research, although it can, if any, be used to calibrate the results. The methodology provides the relationship between the vulnerability index and peak ground accelerations of early damage, significant damage, and near collapse states. It also allows the derivation of vulnerability curves that serve to determine the damage index of the buildings for a specific seismic action. Secondly, the pushover analysis conducted on 18 buildings with different characteristics provided valuable results of their behavior up to the failure, as well as peak ground accelerations for specific limit states, contributing to scientific knowledge of the behavior of such buildings. This is of particular importance given the seismic vulnerability of Croatia, and especially the southern part of the Croatian coast affected by devastating earthquakes (Dubrovnik, Ston, Makarska) in the past, and the similarity of the presented test area with many settlements and cities along the Adriatic coast. Finally, the outcomes of the developed methodology are important for the observed test site and can be immediately applied to improve the seismic risk-coping capacity of the community of the relevant municipality. Indeed, the present procedure has resulted in seismic vulnerability indices, damage indices, and critical accelerations for different limit states, and indices of seismic risk for three return periods (95, 225, and 475 years). The results have been presented in a web map made in the GIS environment, which enables the visualization of vulnerability and risk of the area. Therefore, the developed vulnerability, damage, and risk maps have important operational outcomes in the seismic risk management of the investigated area. Conceptualization, Z.N. ; Data curation, L.R. ; Funding acquisition, Z.N. and E.B. ; Investigation, Z.N., E.B. and L.R. ; Methodology, Z.N. and E.B. ; Software, L.R. ; Supervision, Z.N. and E.B. ; Validation, Z.N., E.B. and L.R. ; Visualization, L.R. ; Writing--original draft, Z.N., E.B. and L.R. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.