# Methodology to Assess Sustainable Mobility in LATAM Cities
## 3 Results
### Key Performance Indicators
#### 3.2.4 Mobility  
Public transport in Saltillo is covered by 54 routes operated by 894 buses, which travel an average of 238,000 km daily (Figure 11a). Most routes converge in the city center, generating problems of traffic in the service provided, such as overlapping routes (in some cases, up to 20 routes cover the same road), low-speed levels (the average speed of the routes is 16 km/h), and deficiencies in the supply of transport in some areas of the city. The average journey time of public transport is 39.5 min. 31% of trips last between 21 and 30 min, followed by 19% of them lasting between 11 and 20 min, and 13% lasting between 31 and 40 min. It is estimated that most trips (34%) are between four and seven kilometers [55]. Public transport is perceived as a very poor service with units in poor condition, inefficient routes, and not multimodal, so it is often seen as one of the last options for mobility. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c} \hline \hline  & **Saltillo** \\ \hline
**Measuring site** & \\ Date & 26 to 30, 2019 \\ Campaign schedule & 08:30 to 16:30 \\ \hline
**Vehicles monitored** & \\ Total Measurements & 19,003 \\ Valid measurements for CO, HC, and NO & 12,233 \\ Licensed plate matched & 12,233 \\ Adjusted to speed and Acceleration ranges * & 12,109 \\ Adjusted to _VSP_ range & 11,477 \\ \hline
**Measurement conditions** & \\ Avg. Fleet age [years] & 8.1 \\ Median Fleet age [years] & 6 \\ Avg. Speed [mph] & 16.77 \\ Median Speed [mph] & 16.31 \\ Avg. Acceleration [mph/s] & 1.11 \\ Median Acceleration [mph/s] & 1.05 \\ Avg. _VSP_ [kW/ Ton] & 6.67 \\ Median _VSP_ [kW/ Ton] & 6.29 \\ Avg. Slope [Degrees] & 1.13 \\ \hline
**Emissions concentrations** & \\ Mean CO [vol \%] & \(0.583\pm 0.013\)* (4.5 **) \\ Median CO [vol \%] & \(0.118\) \\ Mean HC 1 [ppm] & \(398\pm 11\)* (600 **) \\ Median HC 1 [ppm] & \(47.5\) \\ Mean NO [ppm] & \(595\pm 10\)* (2500 **) \\ Median NO [ppm] & \(43.2\) \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 7: Results of the Remote Sensing campaign carried out in Saltillo in 2019. In Saltillo, car use is still more efficient than public transport in terms of trip duration. The average travel time by car is 25.6 min, while the average travel time by public transport is 39.52 min [56]. Figure 11: Road structure for (**a**) cars and (**b**) bikes in the Municipality of Saltillo. _Source:_ Images adapted from [56]. Figure 10: Saltillo model-year vehicle on-road (**a**) CO, (**b**) HC, and (**c**) HC emissions concentrations and regulations compliance. There is progress in considering cycling as an alternative mode of transport, but there is still great resistance due to the widespread belief in a large sector of society that the car reflects superior social status. The cycling infrastructure covers a considerable part of the city, but it requires maintenance. The bicycle road infrastructure in the Municipality of Saltillo is 34 km long (Figure 11b). Cycling is mainly used to travel to school and work, and trips are mainly made to the north and to the city center. Despite the unfavorable assessment of Saltillo's cycling infrastructure by its users, there is a willingness to switch from using cars or other means of transport to cycling if optimal street conditions exist in terms of infrastructure quality and safety. Bicycles represent less than 1% of the city's modal share. Bicycle users have been decreasing in recent years, showing a 60% reduction between 2014 and 2017. According to a survey conducted in 2018 in Saltillo, the main motivations of bicycle users to use this vehicle as a means of transport are health and leisure [36]. The city of Saltillo has an international airport called Plan de Guadalupe located in the municipality of Ramos Arizpe. In 2012 it registered an average of 60 flights per day, of which 70% were cargo flights operating around 8000 tons of cargo. The remaining 30% were passenger flights carrying 134,540 passengers [78]. _Traffic congestion_: The preference for private vehicles raises traffic congestions in Saltillo.