## 1 Introduction
The protocol demonstrated fault-tolerance against the collective random unitary channel noise [37]. Notably, there are numerous discussions about the impact of quantum noise on the achievable finite-key rates for the BB84 QKD protocol and the six-state QKD protocol [11; 38]. Leveraging the polarization-based QKD protocol and a collective-noise channel, [PERSON] (2006) developed robust multiparty quantum secret sharing (QSS) using two collective-noise channels [39]. Furthermore, [PERSON] et al. [40] presented two efficient QKD schemes implemented using two collective-noise channels. [PERSON] (2009) developed a deterministic secure quantum communication against collective-dephasing noise, which uses EPR pairs and auxiliary photons [41]; on the other hand, [PERSON] et al. presented a QKD protocol implemented using six photon states against collective-noise [42]. In 2010, [PERSON] and [PERSON] demonstrated a scheme that operates deterministically and achieves an efficient quantum entanglement distribution over an arbitrary collective-noise channel [43]. Remarkably, the collective-noise leads to an additional advantage [44; 45]. Furthermore, in 2011, [PERSON] et al. [46] presented two robust quantum-secure direct communication schemes consisting of a quantum one-time pad over a collective-noise channel. Then, remarkably, [PERSON] et al. [47] developed a fault-tolerant two-step quantum-secure direct communication protocol against collective-noises. After that, [PERSON] et al. [48] presented two novel quantum-secure direct communication protocols using different collective-noise channels. Later, [PERSON] and [PERSON] (2013) developed two quantum dialogue protocols, each robust against either the collective-dephasing noise or collective-rotation noise [10]. Moreover, [PERSON] (2015) developed two fault-tolerant channel-encrypting quantum dialogue protocols resistant to collective-noise [49]. Additionally, using the Bell states, [PERSON] (2015) proposed a scheme for quantum-secure direct dialogue protocols, adapted to both collective-dephasing noise and collective-rotation noise [50]. Furthermore, [PERSON] et al. [51] presented the security proof of the SARG04 protocol under collective-rotation noise and established that the protocol was secure against a certain level of such noise. Then, [PERSON] and [PERSON] (2015) analyzed a multi-photon analysis for the three-stage quantum protocol under the collective-rotation noise model and demonstrated that a multi-photon system provides better error rate tolerance during transmission in a noisy environment [52]. Furthermore, [PERSON] et al. [53] investigated the influence of the intercept-resend attack on the six-state QKD over collective-rotation noise channels and found that the protocol was secure when the angle of rotation was restricted within certain bounds. This was followed by security analysis for the E91 protocol in the presence of a collective-rotation noise channel [54]. In 2019, [PERSON] et al. [54] presented the B92 QKD security analysis under a collective-rotation noise channel based on the Markov process. Furthermore, [PERSON] et al. [55] presented four three-party quantum secret sharing protocols resistant to both collective-dephasing noise and collective-rotation noise. [PERSON] and [PERSON] (2019) developed three multiparty protocols for direct communication using the collective-dephasing noise channels and the collective-rotation noise channels [56]. Furthermore, [PERSON] et al. [57] presented a fault-tolerant controlled quantum dialogue against collective-noise. Notably, they demonstrated that, besides their protocols being free from information leakage, they were resistant to several attacks. This was followed by [PERSON] et al. [58], who developed a quantum private query protocol using a collective-dephasing noise channel. Using similar approaches, we provide the security analysis of the BB84 protocol in the presence of collective-rotation noise. An essential task in QKD involves proving the unconditional security of a protocol [2].