# The Integration of AI and Metaverse in Education: A Systematic Literature Review
## 4 Results and Discussion
### Rq1: What Disciplines Are Covered by the AI-Driven Metaverse in Education?
However, the disciplines with most concerns when it comes to the adoption of the metaverse are those that promote the following aspects: (1) teacher-student communication; (2) cooperative learning; (3) active student participation; (4) team discussion; (5) critical thinking and group competition; (6) group activities; (7) peer teaching; and (8) the exchange of knowledge. AI plays a major role in supporting the metaverse to reinforce these educational features through the use of the following: (1) machine learning [54]; (2) chatbots [51; 55; 56]; (3) recommender systems [57]; (4) intuitive interfaces [58]; (5) the generation of facial expressions [59]; (6) natural language processing [60; 61]; (7) voice recognition [48; 62]; (8) computational intelligence [60]; (9) reinforcement learning [53; 63]; (10) intelligent agents (NPCs) [64]; (11) personalized services for learners [51]; and (12) decision-making [18]. Furthermore, integrating these AI techniques with the metaverse allows it to become extremely powerful. Figure 4: Distribution of academic articles on metaverse education-based AI techniques by discipline. Rq2: How Does the Integration of AI in the Metaverse Affect Student Engagement, Motivation, and Participation in Educational Activities? This study found that the integration of AI and the metaverse in education has opened up new possibilities for enhancing learning experience and improving student outcomes. This emerging field (often referred to as the edu-metaverse) combines advanced technologies to create interactive and engaging virtual learning environments that simulate real-world experiences and provide personalized educational opportunities. There are a number of applications of the metaverse in education, such as, firstly, utilizing gamification for educational purposes, so converting educational practices to enjoyable games, and secondly, conducting experiments that are difficult to perform in reality in virtual worlds, e.g., hazardous chemical reactions and pilot training. Several studies have discussed the impact of the metaverse in education on students' engagement and motivation in relation to different fields of education and in different countries as well as cultures. Some researchers have developed tools to measure students' engagement, motivation, and participation. In Taiwan, Human Intelligence (HI)-based Computational Intelligence (CI) and AI Fuzzy Markup Language (CI&AI-FML) methods have been proposed for academic individuals, with both teachers and students utilizing these to interact with the metaverse environment. Furthermore, the interaction of students with metaverse tools such as VR and AR showed their level of comprehension and engagement [60]. An additional metaverse-based collaborative learning interface was found to be capable of evaluating students' interaction with the metaverse and AI. The study engaged twenty-one participants from distinguished universities in Thailand and Myanmar, heightening student's engagement by personalizing the experience based on individual learning patterns and utilizing gamification tools [58]. This current review found that there has been a notable rapid proliferation of AI and metaverse integration within educational contexts. Several studies have examined the attitudes of students and faculty members to evaluate the application of the metaverse in education as an alternative to traditional approaches. A number of studies in Bahrain, Jordan, and the UAE examined data analysis tools, such as the TAM theoretical framework, suggesting that participants were optimistic when it came to the possible enrichments offered to education by the metaverse [65; 66; 67]. Furthermore, an AI-based simulation system can be designed to improve learners' focus and immersion in a VR environment, focusing on evaluating learning behavior to allow learners to proceed to the next level of a course [68]. In addition, modern assistive technologies can improve student learning outcomes and increase educational accessibility, including students with learning difficulties.