## 2 Emerging Solutions in Data Storage
The central authority must implement robust security measures to protect the data. * Decentralized storage systems offer enhanced security and privacy since there is no single point of entry for attackers. Data stored in decentralized networks are often encrypted and distributed in a way that only authorized users can access them. 4. Scalability and Performance * Scalability and performance in centralized storage systems may be limited by the capacity and capabilities of the central server or servers. As data volumes increase, the central infrastructure may struggle to keep up with demand. * Decentralized storage systems can offer greater scalability and performance since data storage and retrieval tasks are distributed across multiple nodes. As the network grows, additional nodes can be added to handle increased demand, improving scalability and performance. 5. Censorship Resistance * Centralized storage systems are susceptible to censorship and content manipulation by the central authority. The central authority may restrict access to certain data or modify them to suit its interests. * Decentralized storage systems are resistant to censorship since there is no single authority that controls the data. Once data are stored in a decentralized network, they cannot be easily tampered with or removed without consensus from the network participants. In summary, while centralized storage offers simplicity and convenience, decentralized storage provides greater resilience, security, privacy, and censorship resistance. The choice between the two depends on factors such as data sensitivity, scalability requirements, and trust in central authorities. In [14], the authors present a very interesting overview of blockchain-based storage systems and how they work, followed by a comparison with cloud-based storage networks and a survey of various decentralized storage networks like SIA, File coin, and Storj available on the market. Then, they discuss the advantages and disadvantages of blockchain-based storage. At the end, the security problems of a decentralized storage network are considered and potential solutions and research directions for the future are explored. Indeed, in [15], a pooling approach for task allocation in a blockchain-based decentralized storage network is introduced, while in [16], a decentralized coded caching in wireless networks is considered to analyze the trade-off between storage and latency, and in [17], decentralized coding algorithms for distributed storage in wireless sensor networks are considered. The works in [18; 19; 20] are devoted to studying decentralized storage with respect to incentive mechanisms. In [21; 22; 23; 24], blockchain data storage is considered with respect to the Internet of Things (IoT) and industrial environments. In [25], we find an interesting example of a decentralized oracle. Starting in the next section, we will describe a new and innovative decentralized storage solution. Thanks to Complexity Theory, Information Fusion, and Quantum Computing, a cutting-edge solution is achieved while keeping computational costs in terms of time comparable to those of traditional cloud storage. Table 1 is a comparative table of various cloud storage solutions, detailing their upload and download times for a 100 MB file, created thanks to the results in [26; 27; 28; 29; 30]. As reported by the authors, naturally, the times are approximate and can vary based on factors such as internet connection speed, server location, and network congestion. In any case, as we will see later in the analysis of the results, the time required for processing the various steps involved in data protection within this solution does not significantly impact the storage times in the cloud or the data transmission over the network. This makes the solution we will examine later extremely appealing.