## 1 Introduction  
The requirement to transmit data and information over networks has led to a growing concern among stakeholders regarding the need to maintain security. Various information centers, such as those dealing with health, military operations, education, e-commerce, and finance, share valuable information through networks. In order to secure this information, different approaches and methods have been developed by [PERSON] et al. [1]. Recently, using images as a means of transmitting data has become increasingly popular, as observed by [PERSON] et al. [2]. The encryption of images has been found to be a secure and convenient method for transferring information over networks, and these observations align with the study conducted by [PERSON] et al. [3]. The encryption of images and text can differ due to several factors such as the size of the information, the correlation among pixels, and the information entropy. When it comes to encrypting text, traditional methods such as DES, Triple DES, and AES, as described by [PERSON] and [PERSON] [4], and NIST [5] are widely used, while in case of image encryption, both chaos and non-chaos methods are utilized. According to [PERSON] [6] and [PERSON] et al. [7], the popular techniques in image encryption are cryptographic hash functions and visual cryptography. When these techniques are combined, they can result in a highly secure encryption method for protecting information transferred by image. The complexity of chaotic systems results in a higher level of security for information during encryption, as observed by [PERSON] et al. [8]. Key attributes that must be considered while employing chaos for encryption include initial condition sensitivity, ergodicity, simplicity, and randomness. Different chaotic maps are used to archive this. The sine map, Henon map, and logistic map have been utilized to generate a random sequence of numbers in a chaotic system. These observations align with the studies conducted by [PERSON] et al. [7], [PERSON] et al. [9], and [PERSON] [10], respectively. The logistic map is a one-dimensional discrete-time chaotic system, which can be adapted to two- or three-dimensional systems to deliver complex confusion. As [PERSON] et al. [11] explain, the sine map is the most widely used and useful map in chaotic image encryption, similar to other maps such as logistics and tent maps. [PERSON] and [PERSON] [12] provide a comprehensive overview of the logistic map and offer detailed explanations on the impact of small variations in the parameter value. On the other hand, the Henon map is a two-dimensional array exhibiting chaotic behavior similar to the logistic map. In 1976, it was discovered by [PERSON] [13] that the 2D Henon equation is capable of producing deterministic chaos via the stretching and folding dynamics of chaotic systems. As described by [PERSON] et al. [14], an image encryption technique was developed by combining compressive sensing with a hyper chaotic system. [PERSON] et al. designed a hybrid system utilizing logistic and sine maps, resulting in a broader range of chaos and improved ergodicity. This approach demonstrates promising results in image encryption and highlights the potential of hybrid chaotic systems in enhancing encryption techniques. In recent research, [PERSON] et al. [15] have explored the complexity of dynamic systems in generating chaos and have leveraged this understanding to develop an innovative and effective encryption method. Specifically, they investigated the spatiotemporal chaos of two-dimensional nonlinear coupled map lattices and combined this with genetic operations to create a secure encryption algorithm. This study demonstrates the practical application of a 2D chaotic system in the field of cryptography and highlights the potential for leveraging complex dynamic systems in the development of new encryption methods. A study conducted by [PERSON] et al. [16] introduces a novel image encryption technique that integrates the Kronecker XOR product, Hill cipher, and sigmoid logistic map.