## 3 Distribution of Seismic Moments in Eastern Anatolia  
The process of energy accumulation and release is known as the seismic activity. The seismic moment (Mo) is a measure used to calculate the energy released during an earthquake and is defined as the physical moment of forces at the earthquake source. The characteristic Mo accumulation and oscillation model follows the energy balance principle and assumes that the moment produced by an earthquake is equal to the accumulation along a seismic fault over a recurrence interval. It is also one of the basic parameters characterizing the magnitude of an earthquake [65]. The Mo, which considers the magnitude of the earthquake in terms of displacement phenomenon, has been accepted as the most useful measure [66]. The moment magnitude (Mw) derived from the static seismic moment is a measure of an earthquake, namely the average tectonic effect of an earthquake. The Mo depends on the difference in energy of the stress before and after the earthquake. It is largely controlled by the dynamic and kinematic properties of the rupture process, and therefore it is extremely important to assess the true damage potential associated with the seismic energy released from an earthquake [67]. The Mo measurement is used to predict seismic stress and stress drops occurring at a focal point [68]. It acts as the average of the tectonic conditions, earthquake energy accumulation, and resource properties of a region. The Mo in numerically recorded earthquakes is usually estimated from seismograms. In addition, it can be calculated by converting from different types of earthquake magnitudes through the formulas developed by different researchers. The most commonly used formulas were developed by [PERSON] and [PERSON] (1979) [69]. The relationship between the Mo and body wave magnitude (mb) is given below:  
\[\text{logMo}=1.36\text{m}_{\text{b}}+17.24 \tag{1}\]  
Similarly, the relationship between the local magnitude (M\({}_{\text{L}}\)) and the Mo is given as follows:  
\[\text{logMo}=1.5\text{M}_{\text{L}}+16.0 \tag{2}\]  
The transformation from Mw is defined below:  
\[\text{logMo}=1.5\text{M}_{\text{w}}+9.045 \tag{3}\]  
The following equations were developed between the magnitude of the surface wave (Ms) and Mo according to different Ms value ranges [48]:  
\[\text{logMo}=1.5\text{M}_{\text{s}}+16.4\text{ for Ms}>6.8 \tag{4}\] \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c c c c c c} \hline \hline
**No** & **Date** & **Region** & **MMI Io** & **Mw** & **Loss** & **Damaged** & **Boildings** & **No** & **Date** & **Region** & **MMI Io** & **Mw** & **Loss** & **Damaged** \\ \hline
16 & 1964 & Malatya & VIII & 6 & 8 & 847 & 41 & 2007 & Elazg & VI & 5.5 & & \\ \hline
17 & 1966 & Mus & VIII & 5.6 & 14 & 1100 & 42 & 2007 & Elazg & VII & 5.9 & & \\ \hline
18 & 1966 & Mus & IX & 6.9 & 2396 & 20,007 & 43 & 2010 & Elazg & VII & 6.1 & 42 & \\ \hline
19 & 1967 & Tunceli & VIII & 5.9 & 97 & 1282 & 44 & 2010 & Elazg & VI & 5.6 & & \\ \hline
20 & 1971 & Bingol & VIII & 6.8 & 878 & 9111 & 45 & 2011 & Erzincan & VI & 5.6 & & \\ \hline
21 & 1976 & Van & IX & 7.5 & 3840 & 9232 & 46 & 2011 & Van & VIII & 7.2 & 644 & 17,005 \\ \hline
22 & 1983 & Erzurum & VIII & 6.9 & 1155 & 3241 & 47 & 2011 & Van & VI & 5.6 & & \\ \hline
23 & 1984 & Erzurum & VIII & 6.4 & 3 & 570 & 48 & 2011 & Van & VI & 5.6 & 40 & \\ \hline
24 & 1986 & Malatya & VIII & 5.9 & 7 & 824 & 49 & 2020 & Elazg & 6.8 & 41 & 3300 \\ \hline
25 & 1986 & Malatya & VIII & 5.6 & 1 & 1174 & 50 & 2020 & Van & 6.0 & 9 & \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 2: _Cont._\[\text{logMo}=30.2-(92.45-11.4\text{M}_{\text{s}})^{0.5}\text{ for }5.3<\text{Ms}<6.8 \tag{5}\]  
\[\text{logMo}=\text{M}_{\text{s}}+19.24\text{ for }\text{Ms}>5.3 \tag{6}\]  
Here, we produced an image map to obtain the distribution of Mo in the region (Figure 4). The distributions of the earthquake epicenters are also shown on the map. Large and destructive earthquakes in Eastern Anatolia showed high Mo values, as expected.