## 4 Results and Discussion
### Role of AM in Reducing Green Wastes
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c} \hline \hline
**References** & **Economic Performance** & **Social Performance** & **Environmental Performance** \\ \hline \multicolumn{4}{c}{Lean Manufacturing} \\ \hline [PERSON] et al. [118], & Cost reduction, productivity, sales and business growth. & Improved safety, working conditions, labor relations, morale and work pressure. & Waste reduction, pollution reduction, recycling. \\ \hline [PERSON] et al. [119], & Cost reduction, improves profit, improves efficiency. & Improved safety, working conditions, labor relations, morale and work pressure. & Decreased waste (solid, liquid and gases), reduced consumption of toxic material and energy usage. \\ \hline [PERSON] et al. [120], & Cost reduction, improved profits. & Improved social awards and social presence. & Decreased waste (solid, liquid and gases), reduced consumption of toxic material and energy usage. \\ \hline [PERSON] et al. [120], & Cost reduction, improved profits. & Improved social awards and social presence. & Decreased waste (solid, liquid and gases), reduced consumption of toxic material and energy usage. \\ \hline [PERSON] et al. [120], & Cost reduction, improved profits. & Potential for job creation. & Reduced material use, pollutant emission, energy consumption and non-product output. \\ \hline \multicolumn  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c} \hline \hline [PERSON] et al. [19] & Reduction in the cost of production. & Potential for job creation. & Reduced waste (air, wastewater and solid), energy use and raw material use. \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{[PERSON] et al. [123].} & Improved market share, product quality, flexibility, profitability and order delivery, reduced waste treatment fees, costs and environmental accident fees. & Enhanced safety and health, improved relationship with stakeholders and community, improved quality of living of the surrounding community and the working conditions. & Reduced waste (air, wastewater and solid), decreased energy consumption, improved compliance with the environmental standards and reduced material usage. \\ \hline \multicolumn{4}{c}{Green Manufacturing} \\ \hline
**References** & **Economic Performance** & **Social Performance** & **Environmental Performance** \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{[PERSON] et al. [23]} & The adoption of GM is positively related to increase in profits, sales, return on investment (ROI), return on equity and return on asset. & GM implementation led to improvements in quality of nearby community, safety and health of workers, job satisfaction, and stakeholder and community relationships. & GM implementation led to decrease in the consumption of hazardous materials, environmental accidents, environmental impacts and increased compliances to the environmental standards. \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{[PERSON] [124]} & GM reduces the usage of resources and recycles waste, leading to the reduction in manufacturing cost. & The reduction in waste and pollution lead to improved community and workers’ health and safety. & Recycling of waste reduces resource consumption. \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{[PERSON] and [PERSON] [38]} & Improvement in the manufacturing time and cost effectiveness. & Green manufacturing led to increased occupational health and safety. & GM reduce environmental waste and environmental impact. \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{[PERSON] et al. [125]} & Improved quality, delivery, flexibility, and reduction in cost are obtained as a result of implementing GM. & Improvement in environmental performance is led to increase safety and health, reduction in community complaints. & Enhanced overall environmental performance is attained when organizations perform in a green way. \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{[PERSON] and [PERSON] [126]} & Results attained include improved delivery, quality, product line, capacity utilization and decreased inventory. & Decrease in scrap rate will decrease in scrap rate was attained. \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{[PERSON] et al. [38]} & Improvements in flexibility, cost, quality and delivery was realized through GSCM adoption.