# Ontology-Based Context Event Representation, Reasoning, and Enhancing in Academic Environments
## 3 Event-Driven Approach Based on an Ontology Model
### Event Representation
#### 3.2.5 Event Ontology  
The categories of customized events are modeled and depicted as a taxonomy. Figure 5 shows the class hierarchy for events that occurred in academic environments.  
The AcademicAdvising class considers events where one professor teaches tutoring to one or two students. This event is an opportunity to exchange information designed to help students reach their educational and career goals. AcademicCourse is used to represent a course imparted by one or two professors focused on undergraduate or postgraduate students. EnvironmentalEvent refers to weather (humidity and temperature), conformity conditions (luminosity), and presence of a person, coming or going to academic physical space. BifussionEvent is used to represent academic events to diffuse culture, research, or teaching.  
Regarding environmental events, a data property was represented by the value of variation in such an event. This data relation is called hasVariation, is specified only for temperature, luminosity, and humidity environmental events, and depicts floating values.  
A diffusion event can be part of another event; this is due to a discussion panel, a demonstration, and a presentation that can occur within a congress, seminar, or workshop. This aspect was depicted using eventsPartOf semantic relations at diffusion event classes.  
All contexts presented above (time, location, network, and person) represent events in academic environments, which are the core of our context modeling. Therefore, there  
Figure 4: Network ontology.  
Figure 5: Class hierarchy for event ontology.  
are relationships between the context modules with a specific purpose. The main aim is to integrate all modules and relate them to find a whole representation of an academic environment to allow reasoning and enhancement. The context information in the final ontology system includes some object properties between modules, which are indicated in Table 3, which shows the object property name, domain class, and range class. A brief description of its purpose is exposed below.  
Each object property in our integrated ontology system has an important role. So that happensIn was depicted to know where the event happened and it is useful to answer \"Where did the X event happen?\"; the person context is related to the events by using hasPersonInvolved relation with the purpose to answer \"Who is involved in the X event?\"; the people involved in events are employees (professor or administrative), students, or visitors; the time context is related to events through a semantic relation called hasTemporalEntity suitable for knowing when an event has happened; the semantic relations isDetectedBy and happensIn have as a purpose the detection of the place where the event happened; this process was carried out with SWRL rules in order to enhance the event information; the relations nodeIsLocatedIn, hasDeviceAssigned, and isAssignedTo are static context information for indicating the place where the various devices are prostrate; finally, hasPersonDetected is a dynamic context due to its dependency on the current physical space where the person is located at a certain time.  
Our ontological model was implemented using Ontology Web Language (OWL) 2.0 [42]. It consists of 6487 axioms, 91 classes, 34 object properties, 50 data properties, and 719 individuals. We obtained the characterization of an academic environment.