# The Impact of an Electric Machine Body on EM Wave Propagation in RTMS
## 4 Experimental Results
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{p{56.9 pt} p{56.9 pt} p{56.9 pt} p{56.9 pt} p{56.9 pt}} \hline \hline
**Parameter Name** & **Monopole vs. Dipole [36]** & **Monopole vs. Patch [37]** & **Monopole vs. Loop [37]** & **Monopole vs. Yagi-Uda [37]** \\ \hline Radiation Pattern & Monopole: Omnidirectional/Dipole: Bidirectional & Monopole: Omnidirectional/Patch: Directional & Monopole: Omnidirectional/Lopo: Omnidirectional/Condined & Monopole: Omnidirectional/Yagi-Uda: Highly Directional \\ Gain & Monopole: Moderate/Dipole: Higher & Monopole: Moderate/Patch: Higher & Monopole: Moderate/Loop: Lower & Monopole: Moderate/Yagi-Uda: Significantly Higher \\  & Monopole: Omnopole: Narrower/Dipole: Broader & Monopole: Narrower/Patch: Broader & Narrower/Loop: Narrower/Vag: Narrower & Okno: Narrower/Vag: Narrower \\ Efficiency & Sufficient/Dipole: Higher & Sufficient/Patch: Higher & Sufficient/Patch: Higher & Surficient/Dapole: Lower & Uda: Higher \\  & Monopole: Monopole: Omnopole: Strong- Compact/Dipole: Larger & Monopole: Compact/Patch: Larger & Monopole: Compact/Patch: Larger & Monopole: Okno: Lower & Monopole: Okno: Lower \\ Ease of Integration & Easier/Dipole: More complex & Monopole: More complex & Laser/Patch: Larger & Laser/Dop: More complex \\  & Monopole: Effective in varied environments & Monopole: Consistent with varied environments/Patch: Better in controlled environments & Monopole: Effective in indoor environments/Loop: Inten-Onopole: effective in indoor environments/Loop: Inten-Onopole \\ Propagation Factor & moments/Dipole: Better in less environments & Monopole: Compact, easy integration, consistent performance/Patch: Higher gain, broader & Monopole: Effective in indoor environments/Loop: Inten-Onopole \\  & Monopole: Uniform coverage, energy installation/Dipole: Higher gain, broader bandwidth & Monopole: Longer, easy integration, consistent performance/Patch: Higher efficiency, directional coverage & Monopole: Wide coverage, flexible placement/Loop: efficient/Log: efficient  
Therefore, the monopole antenna is widely recognized for its superior performance and a range of beneficial characteristics, making it a preferred choice in various applications, especially in electrical machinery. This antenna features a simple design with a single radiating element mounted vertically on a conductive ground plane, which simplifies construction, installation, and maintenance. Among its key attributes is its omnidirectional radiation pattern in the horizontal plane, providing consistent and uniform signal coverage in all directions. This is crucial for applications requiring broad area coverage without significant signal degradation. Additionally, the monopole antenna is highly efficient and exhibits low return loss, enhancing its ability to effectively transmit and receive signals. Its compact size and cost-effectiveness further contribute to its widespread use in both commercial and industrial settings. The preference for using this antenna in electric machines is supported by extensive simulation results obtained using the highfrequency structure simulator (HFSS). These simulations have demonstrated that the monopole antenna maintains stable and reliable performance under various conditions, a critical factor for the dynamic environments in which these machines operate. Furthermore, empirical data from experimental studies have validated these findings, including precise calculations of the propagation factor. This factor is essential as it measures how effectively the antenna propagates the signal through different media, ensuring optimal performance. The propagation factor is particularly useful in telecommunications and complex systems like tire pressure monitoring systems (TPMS), where reliable signal transmission is paramount. In TPMS, for instance, the antenna's ability to provide consistent signal coverage ensures accurate and timely transmission of tire pressure data, enhancing vehicle safety.