## 2 Testing Pavements and Material Summary  
Primarily, a testing pavement track was constructed in the Korea Accelerated Loading Environment Simulator (KALES) designed by the Korea Expressway Corporation Research Institute Hwaseong-si, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea for comparing the long-term performance of four types of structured pavements. As tabulated in Table 1, the material used in the construction is indicated with the thickness of each layer. Additionally, Figure 1 shows a set of pictures taken after finishing surface structures construction. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c} \hline \hline  & **Asphalt** & **Concrete Block** & **Bound Stone** & **Bound Stone** \\  & **Pavement** & **Pavement A** & **Pavement B** \\ \hline Surface & & Flexible & Rigid & Rigid \\ construction type & & & & \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{Surface course} & \multirow{2}{*}{\begin{tabular}{c} Wearing course \\ (SMA) (120 mm) \\ \end{tabular} } & Concrete block & \multirow{2}{*}{\begin{tabular}{c} Sett (Iksan) \\ (100 mm) \\ \end{tabular} } \\ \cline{3-3}  & & \
\begin{tabular}{c} Sand \\ (20 mm) \\ \end{tabular} &
\begin{tabular}{c} Mortar \\ (50 mm) \\ \end{tabular} \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{Base course} & \multicolumn{3}{c}{Asphalt (Black Base)} \\ \cline{2-3}  & (160 mm) & (200 mm) & (160 mm) & (150 mm) \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{Sub-base course} & \multicolumn{3}{c}{Debris} \\ \cline{2-3}  & (280 mm) & (220 mm) & (250 mm) & (210 mm) \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 1: Pavement material description. All the pavements were designed with a thickness of 560 mm by referring to the corresponding design specifications as detailed in the first part of the study [16, 17]. The Asphalt Pavement Design Guideline published by Seoul Metropolitan Government was a reference for designing asphalt pavement in the present study. In terms of block pavement and bound stone pavement A, design specifications were brought from European countries such as Belgium and Germany, respectively. This was because there are currently no design specifications for those types of paved roads in Korea. For the bound stone pavement B was the suggested design profile by modifying the bound stone pavement A which is a typical stone pavement section in Korea. The recommended stone pavement design was designated for less than 1000 Annual Average Daily Truck Traffic (AADTT) and 60 km/h of travelling speed. To determine the quality and mechanical properties of materials used to design the testing track, various material tests were conducted following the equivalent test method in the previous part of the study. Additionally, the test results were verified by the assessments as listed in Table 2.  
The aggregate gradation and quality control of asphalt mixtures for the base course, wearing course and Stone Mastic Asphalt (SMA) were assured by both Korean Construction Specifications (KCS) and Express Construction Specification (EXCS). From the quality tests completed by the plant, all the properties such as Marshall stability, flow, air void, and saturation were satisfied with the corresponding recommendations. In case of sand for joint filling and bedding course, sieve analysis and measurement of the maximum size of aggregate were assured by the design guideline published by Seoul Metropolitan Government, Seoul, Korea. Similarly, the concrete blocks used for paves were evaluated by judging compressive and flexural strength. The mortar for joint filling and bedding course was a mixture of Ultra-Rapid-Hardening (URH) cement and retardant. The mix design was experimentally discovered and the mechanical properties were also examined in the former study [3]. The mortar showed improved performance with a comparison of minimum requirements from both BS 7533-4 and Natural Stone Surface (NSS) in the UK. Regarding the concrete applied for the base course, air content, slump and compressive strength