# YouTube Videos in the Virtual Flipped Classroom Model Using Brain Signals and Facial Expressions
###### Abstract  
As a result of the confinement due to the COVID-19 pandemic, various educational institutions migrated their face-to-face teaching modality to a virtual modality. This article presents the implementation of the Flipped Classroom model in a completely virtual format to develop grammatical competency in Spanish. The model used videos from YouTube, one of the leading global social network platforms, and the videoconferencing system Zoom, the tool selected by the studied educational institution to continue academic operations during the health confinement. The model was enriched with the Index for Learning Style test to provide more differentiated teaching. This study showed considerable improvement in the academic performance of high school students taking a Spanish course at the Mexico City campus of Tecnologico de Monterrey. Of the total sample, 98% increased their score by between 2 and 46 points, from a total of 100, in their grammatical competency in Spanish. Additionally, the student satisfaction survey showed that more than 90% considered the course methodology beneficial for developing their grammatical competency in Spanish. This study demonstrates the potential of the Flipped Classroom model in a virtual format. This teaching structure using the Flipped Classroom model could be replicated in various educational settings and for different areas of knowledge. educational innovation; higher education; flipped classroom; virtual education; learning styles +
Footnote †: journal: _Future Internet_  
The Flipped Classroom concept can be summarized simply as follows: activities that are traditionally undertaken in class are performed at home, and those traditionally undertaken as homework are completed in class [3]. However, the use of this model is complex and enriching. According to [PERSON], [PERSON], and [PERSON] [4], students can become more competent working under the Flipped Classroom model because it allows them to process information at their own pace and facilitates independent thinking as they tackle complex content. Competency is accomplished by allowing students to review the submitted material repeatedly as required. Videos allow pausing, going back, and reviewing as many times as necessary. Repeated exposure to learning resources strengthens and deepens students' understanding [5]. Each student self-regulates and progresses through the material to master the content. They can also work with others in small groups for mutual support. In face-to-face sessions, the teacher attends the students individually or in small groups [3]. Additionally, the teacher reviews content in greater depth during class activities to consolidate knowledge. The Flipped Classroom allows more focused and personalized attention to be paid to the students [5]. Because the teacher is present when the student needs support, this model establishes a framework to ensure that students receive a personalized education tailored to their individual needs. It has previously been proven that personalized follow-up and individualized accompaniment promotes students' learning processes [6]. Students do not require the teacher to be present to talk to them and provide content they can obtain in their own time. Rather, they need the teacher to be physically present when they become stuck and require individual help [3]. Figure 1 illustrates the teaching process in the Flipped Classroom model. Aligned with the above, [PERSON], [PERSON], and [PERSON] [5] note that the Flipped Classroom model motivates students to learn, improves their skills, and increases their competency, involvement in learning tasks, and activity in the classroom. It transforms students into self-directed learners of skills, and students acquire more knowledge and competency than in the traditional model [3]. In addition, [PERSON] and [PERSON] [7], the creators of the Flipped Classroom model, note a number of reasons to transform traditional education into a Flipped Classroom.