## 1 Introduction  
Portland concrete is the most consumed product in the world because of its availability, versatility, low cost, and high structural performance [1]. Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) production in the cement industry devours about 5% of industrial energy with a 7% release of CO\({}_{2}\) worldwide [2; 3; 4]. It is well known that the emission of CO\({}_{2}\) in the atmosphere contributes about 65% of global warming [5]. Moreover, it is found that OPC production increases annually at the rate of about 3%, and the manufacturing of 1-ton of OPC releases 1 ton of CO\({}_{2}\)[5]. Furthermore, global average carbon dioxide volume mixing ratio is increasing and reached 146% of the preindustrial level. It is mainly attributed to deforestation, cement production, and fossil fuel combustion [6]. According to the recent research, it was reported that CO\({}_{2}\) reached to its highest record of 417.1 ppm and this year's value is 2.4 ppm higher than last year value. This value creates an alarming situation as increase in CO\({}_{2}\) level impacts the environmental conditions like an increment in atmospheric temperature and pressure. This increment can affect the CO\({}_{2}\) adsorption on amorphous silica surfaces and can change the amorphous nature of materials to crystallization phases. That is why the production of cement is considered unsustainable due to the high emission of greenhouse gases [6]. Hence, sustainable building materials' production and construction is the primary focus in the construction industry and the global housing, which encourages the researchers to develop alternative supplementary cementitious materials that partially or fully replace the cement. One such alternative emerging technology in the construction industry is geopolymer concrete (GPC). The introduction to GPC technology leads to sustainable development by reducing the global emission of CO2 and provides a cleaner environment in the long term. It can reduce CO2 emission by up to 80% as compared to OPC by using aluminosilicate as a full replacement of OPC [1]. GPC is gaining acceptance due to its numerous benefits such as sustainable construction, longer service life, low carbon emission, recycled industrial waste, durable properties, and high strength [7] but, it has limited structural application, due to lack of standard design codes and reliable data, high construction cost, high shrinkage, and rapid setting [8; 9]. In literature, a lot of appreciable investigations and reviews are available on GPC. Therefore, it is important to compare and critically analyze the previously published research works with this study. For instant, [PERSON] et al. [10] reviewed only the mechanical properties (fresh, hardened, and durability) of GPM. [PERSON] et al. [11] studied the mechanical strength and microstructural properties of geopolymer paste, GPM and GPC. Likewise, the mechanical properties of only Fly Ash (FA)/slag-based GPC were reviewed by [PERSON] et al. [12]. [PERSON] et al. [7] also reviewed the fresh, hardened, and durability properties of GPC along with some applications of GPC. Based on published literature, it was also found that the effect on GPC properties were assessed with respect to addition of superplasticizers and additives. For example, [PERSON] [13] studied the change in mechanical and microstructural characteristics of GPC in the presence of different minerals additives. [PERSON] et al. [14] reviewed the effect of different oxides compositions of binder on compressive strength of GPC. Furthermore, the comprehensive and in-depth analysis of normal and foamed GPC [1], structural and material performance [9], FA-based GPC [15], Rice Husk Ash (RHA)-based GPC [16], and ambient cured GPC [17] were reviewed by researchers for providing solution to sustainable development. In addition to this, [PERSON] et al. [18] investigated the different mix design proportion of FA and slag-based GPC in which 3 mix design categories were identified such as target strength, statistical-based, and performance-based methods.