# NFT Technology for Enhanced Global Digital Registers: A Novel Approach to Tokenization
## 7 Comparison and Discussion of Research Results
### Comparison with Centralized Global Registry Systems  
Centralized global registry systems, such as ISBN, ISSN, DOI, ASIN, BICI, ISAN, ISMN, ISRC, ISTC, ISWC, ISWN, and LCCN, have been the standard for managing unique identifiers across various industries for decades. While these systems have served their purposes, they face inherent limitations in today's digital landscape. Our proposed NFT-based system aims to address these limitations while maintaining the core functionality of global registries. Table 1 presents a comparative analysis of our proposed system against traditional centralized registries, considering various implementation scenarios on popular blockchain platforms such as Ethereum, Binance Smart Chain (BSC), and Polygon. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c} \hline \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**Feature**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**Centralized Systems**} & **Our NFT-Based System (Ethereum)** & **Our NFT-Based System (BSC)** & **Our NFT-Based System (Polygon)** \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{Data Storage} & \multirow{2}{*}{Centralized Databases} & Decentralized & Decentralized & Decentralized \\  & & (Blockchain) & (Blockchain) & (Blockchain) \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{Data Security} & Moderate (Single point of failure) & High (Cryptographic security) & High (Cryptographic security) & High (Cryptographic security) \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{Censorship Resistance} & Low & High & High & High \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 1: Comparison of Centralized Systems and Our NFT-based Proposal. * Data Security: Centralized systems are vulnerable to data breaches. For instance, the ISBN database managed by Bowker experienced a significant breach in 2018, exposing users' personal and financial data [40]. In contrast, our NFT-based system inherits the robust security of blockchain networks. Ethereum, for example, has never suffered a network-level security breach since its inception in 2015 [41]. * Censorship Resistance: The centralized nature of traditional systems makes them susceptible to censorship. China has constantly blocked access to several DOI links, affecting researchers' ability to access scientific literature [42; 43]. Our decentralized approach eliminates this risk, as demonstrated by the continued accessibility of blockchain-based content even in restrictive environments. * Transparency: While systems such as DOI offer some level of transparency, the full history of changes is not readily available to the public. The CrossRef DOI system processed over 1 billion DOI resolutions per month in 2021, but the details of these transactions are not publicly verifiable [44]. In contrast, our NFT-based system on Ethereum would make every transaction publicly viewable and verifiable. * Scalability: The ISSN system assigns approximately 70,000 new identifiers annually [45]. While this is manageable for a centralized system, our solution on Polygon could theoretically handle this entire year's worth of new assignments in about 10 s, given its 7000 TPS capability [46]. * No Single Point of Failure: The centralized ISBN system has experienced downtime due to server issues. In 2019, the U.S. ISBN agency reported several hours of unmanned downtime [47]. Decentralized networks namely Ethereum have achieved near 100% uptime since inception, with only minor slowdowns during peak congestion periods [48]. * Interoperability: Traditional systems often operate in silos. For example, there is limited interoperability between the ISBN and ISRC systems for books and music recordings, respectively. Our NFT-based system could bridge these gaps. The Polygon network, which our system could utilize, has processed over 1 billion transactions across various asset types, demonstrating high interoperability [46]. * Cost Efficiency: The ISNI (International Standard Name Identifier) system charges a fee of $25 per identifier assignment [49]. Our system, implemented on a cost-efficient blockchain such as Polygon, could potentially reduce this cost to less than $0.01 per assignment [46].