# A Review of PCI Express Protocol-Based Systems in Response to 5G Application Demand
## 8 Conclusions  
With respect to demand for 5G applications, the product strategy roadmap reviewed serial bus specifications with PCI Express, CXL, USB, and NVMe. System design is based on these serial bus enhancement and secure solutions to construct needs for the products. Based on these market analyses, in demand products and technologies were identified. There were some additional findings arising from this research:  
1. Infrastructure layers and backend services with physical and virtual secure solutions, along with more secure system design are in demand as 5G penetration rises;
2. Based on the PCI Express system topology, some newly defined specifications in PCI Express, CXL, and NVMe might change in the next few years for cloud computing and storage through the Ethernet;
3. With serial bus topology and the market demand for secure solutions in IoT, AI, HPC, and storage, these analysis methods have simplified the product strategy for market demand;
4. This essay evaluated USB, PCIe, NVMe, CXL, and security change lists. System design structures will incorporate these changes and impact product plans in different product lines. 5. We have analyzed 5G application slices in different layers. System design could be based on a logical topology with data workload and power requirements. Secure solutions using PCI Express, NVMe, USB, and TPM can provide hardware systems that can combine with software security solutions to meet market demand. Based on this research, the PC market requires some changes for security and performance. Using a serial bus design system, the market could achieve more secure solutions. To address these changes, the strategy for system design should incorporate market demands. Using PCI Express, NVMe, USB, CXL, and security, solutions to meet 5G demand were analyzed and some appropriate solutions were provided. Based on USB PD power capability, we reviewed low-power system designs in edge service. High-performance systems based on PCIe 5.0, PCIe 6.0, and CXL to enable high-speed serial bus transitions. The analysis process followed in this research could provide a more reliable product strategy for 5G. Based on the five dimension requirements in 5G applications, we reviewed many specifications and research in AI, IoT, and cloud storage based on edge service. The analysis results provide suggested solutions for edge device products and product hardware design for PCIe-based systems with serial buses. Conceptualization, Y.L., J.-Y.J., Y.-Y.L. and J.-J.H. ; methodology, J.-Y.J., Y.-Y.L. and J.-J.H. ; validation, Y.L., J.-Y.J., Y.-YL. and J.-J.H. ; formal analysis, Y.L. ; investigation, Y.L. ; resources, Y.L. ; data curation, Y.L. ; writing--original draft preparation, Y.L. ; writing--review and editing, Y.L., [PERSON]-Y.J., [PERSON]-YL. and [PERSON]-J.H. ; visualization, Y.L. ; supervision, [PERSON]-Y.J., [PERSON]-YL. and [PERSON]-J.H. ; project administration, [PERSON]-Y.J., Y.-YL. and [PERSON]-J.H. ; funding acquisition, Y.L. and [PERSON]-J.H. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript. This research was partially funded by the Ministry of Science and Technology of Taiwan under grants MOST 109-2222-E-011-007-MY2 and MOST 110-2218-E-011-011. Data Availability Statement: Publicly available datasets were analyzed in this study.