## 4 Discussion  
This study aimed to examine the relationship between COVID-19, physical activity (PA), body composition, and physiological characteristics, with special attention paid  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c c c} \hline \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**Parameter**} & \multicolumn{6}{c}{**Group**\({}^{*}\)} & \multicolumn{3}{c}{**Difference**} \\ \cline{2-9}  & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**G\({}_{1}\) (w = 30)**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**G\({}_{2}\) (w = 20)**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**G\({}_{3}\) (w = 10)**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**G\({}_{2}\) (w = 10)**} \\ \cline{2-9}  & **Mean** & **SD** & **Mean** & **SD** & **Mean** & **SD** & **\(F\)** & \(p\)** \\ \hline \multicolumn{9}{c}{**PA and Anthropometric Characteristics**} \\ \hline PA [BIFEs/min/weak] & 21162.73 & 341.22 & 3013.43 & 302.47 & 1402.36 & 512.90 & 12.60 & -0.001 \\ Body height [cm] & 788.95 & 5.61 & 180.43 & 64.2 & 180.73 & 4.88 & 0.62 & -0.001 \\ Body [cm] & 73.31 & 8.99 & 76.07 & 8.46 & 90.53 & 10.27 & 14.68 & -0.001 \\ TGW [BJ] & 60.83 & 5.36 & 44.85 & 50.06 & 384.1 & 53.1 & 4.63 & 0.016 \\ Proteins [BJ] & 22.33 & 1.52 & 12.59 & 1.34 & 137.71 & 1.45 & 4.63 & 0.013 \\ Mismatch [BJ] & 42.33 & 1.57 & 4.99 & 0.85 & 48.81 & 0.51 & 4.50 & 4.36 & 0.017 \\ PMB [BJ] & 12.73 & 4.25 & 12.63 & 5.58 & 219.21 & 6.74 & 14.62 & -0.004 \\ YPM [BJ] & 46.53 & 7.64 & 63.44 & 6.69 & 682.41 & 7.28 & 4.50 & 0.015 \\ SMM [BJ] & 34.90 & 4.65 & 63.44 & 6.66 & 682.41 & 7.28 & 4.49 & 0.013 \\ HRB [cm] & 22.88 & 3.25 & 23.43 & 5.26 & 79.12 & 1.40 & 3.06 & 7.69 & -0.001 \\ PMF [BJ] & 15.03 & 4.88 & 14.35 & 5.58 & 20.35 & 12.61 & 6.31 & 7.86 & -0.001 \\ Target weight [BJ] & 73.03 & 5.61 & 72.84 & 6.90 & 82.12 & 7.26 & 6.47 & 0.002 \\ Weight Control [BJ] & -0.21 & 4.03 & -1.8 & 5.30 & -8.59 & 1.67 & 6.74 & 12.49 & -0.001 \\ HM control [BJ] & -15.3 & 3.42 & -2.43 & 4.76 & -5.31 & 6.21 & 13.05 & -0.001 \\ PMF Control [BJ] & 15.8 & 2.54 & 0.58 & 12.7 & 0.52 & 1.18 & 13.20 & -0.001 \\ BHB [BJ] & 1009.39 & 185.07 & 170.82 & 180.17 & 180.16 & 187.10 & 4.50 & 0.015 \\ WHR & 60.84 & 4.06 & 80.33 & 60.64 & 15.2 & 0.08 & 6.05 & -0.001 \\ Vignal Fert Level & 4.27 & 2.07 & 4.693 & 2.60 & 884.12 & 3.20 & 13.91 & -0.001 \\ \hline \multicolumn{9}{c}{**Piological Characteristics**} \\ \hline Daluton [cm] & 2648.62 & 23.33 & 315.01 & 2348.63 & 120.63 & 1398.72 & 127.48 & 33.51 & -0.001 \\ Power [BJ] & 148.25 & 24.02 & 29.35 & 128.55 & 508.21 & 12.12 & 29.27 & -0.001 \\ Collective [BJ] & 1578.23 & 23.19 & 120.30 & 1.89 & 18.89 & 94.52 & 15.48 & 29.49 & -0.003 \\ S/Mismatch [cm] & 283.23 & 2.67 & 25.96 & 1.37 & 235.71 & 15.39 & 3.49 & 4.46 & 0.003 \\ Peer [BJ] & 136.32 & 18.03 & 18.69 & 158.23 & 18.89 & 189.11 & 16.88 & 27.06 & -0.001 \\ HBase [BJ] & 172.12 & 23.13 & 135.98 & 182.3 & 18.27 & 167.31 & 15.68 & 8.22 & -0.001 \\ HBase [BJ] & 1918.23 & 12.28 & 184.36 & 11.60 & 128.00 & 13.76 & 7.41 & 0.001 \\ \hline \multicolumn{9}{c}{**Isometry of rigid**} \\ \hline Zone [sJ] +0.0018 [ppm] & 6.41 & 18.92 & 27.36 & 90.22 & 32.36 & 89.03 & 1.00 & **m** \\ Zone [sJ] +15.15 [ppm] & 28.12 & 34.55 & 76.71 & 150.80 & 360.00 & 119.46 & 3.55 & 0.034 \\ Zone [sJ] & 213.18 & 19.02 & 115.30 & 132.78 & 177.18 & 189.55 & 0.52 & **m** \\ Zone [sJ] +15.45 [ppm] & 48.72 & 317.75 & 184.18 & 180.80 & 268.19 & 196.4 & 6.28 & 0.002 \\ Zone [sJ] +15.45 [ppm] & 48.82 & 360.3 & 286.73 & 298.90 & 104.41 & 203.79 & 4.64 & 0.003 \\ \hline \to \(\text{HR}_{\text{max}}\) during peak effort in the 12-Minute Cooper Test on the Rowing Ergometer (12-MCTRE) performed by male university students. Taking the sample as a whole, it seems that the maximal heart rate values (\(\text{HR}_{\text{max}}=187\) bpm) were lower (by 13 bpm) than would be expected for 20-year-old men based on the traditional estimate: \(\text{HR}_{\text{max}}=220\) \(-\) age [7]. By grouping the subjects, we were able to conduct a more in-depth analysis, which showed that the hospitalized COVID-19 sufferers had the lowest \(\text{HR}_{\text{max}}\) (176 bpm), i.e., 24 bpm lower than the norm.