## 6 Conclusions
Available online: [[https://www.usgs.gov/centers/eros/science/usgs-eros-archive-digital-elevation-global-30-arc-second-elevation-gtpo30?qt-science_center_objects=0#qt-science_center_objects](https://www.usgs.gov/centers/eros/science/usgs-eros-archive-digital-elevation-global-30-arc-second-elevation-gtpo30?qt-science_center_objects=0#qt-science_center_objects)]([https://www.usgs.gov/centers/eros/science/usgs-eros-archive-digital-elevation-global-30-arc-second-elevation-gtpo30?qt-science_center_objects=0#qt-science_center_objects](https://www.usgs.gov/centers/eros/science/usgs-eros-archive-digital-elevation-global-30-arc-second-elevation-gtpo30?qt-science_center_objects=0#qt-science_center_objects)) (accessed on 21 May 2022). Atmospheric CO\({}_{2}\) concentrations for the period 1958-2017 were taken from the Mauna Loa Observatory in Hawaii [72]. Data before 1958 were taken mainly from the IS92a dataset of annual global CO\({}_{2}\) concentrations, obtained by spline fitting ice core data to the Mauna Loa data [73]. Phosphorus weathering, deposition and fertilizer use were refer to CASA-CNP [53]. Phosphorus leaching rate [70]. The observed GPP data were obtained from FLUXNET. Available online: [[https://fluxnet.org/data/fluxnet2015-dataset/](https://fluxnet.org/data/fluxnet2015-dataset/)]([https://fluxnet.org/data/fluxnet2015-dataset/](https://fluxnet.org/data/fluxnet2015-dataset/)) (accessed on 21 May 2022), SOC was downloaded from the HWSD (version 1.2) of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Available online: [[http://www.fao.org/soils-portal/soil-survey/soil-maps-and-databases/harmonized-world-soil-database-v12/en/](http://www.fao.org/soils-portal/soil-survey/soil-maps-and-databases/harmonized-world-soil-database-v12/en/)]([http://www.fao.org/soils-portal/soil-survey/soil-maps-and-databases/harmonized-world-soil-database-v12/en/](http://www.fao.org/soils-portal/soil-survey/soil-maps-and-databases/harmonized-world-soil-database-v12/en/)) (accessed on 21 May 2022). The climate data for each site are from Global Historical Climatology Network daily (GHCNd). Available online: [[https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/products/land-based-station/global-historical-climatology-network-daily](https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/products/land-based-station/global-historical-climatology-network-daily)]([https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/products/land-based-station/global-historical-climatology-network-daily](https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/products/land-based-station/global-historical-climatology-network-daily)) (accessed on 21 May 2022). The datasets used for calibration and validation in this study are available online. Available online: [[https://figshare.com/articles/dataset/Supporting_information/19636242](https://figshare.com/articles/dataset/Supporting_information/19636242)]([https://figshare.com/articles/dataset/Supporting_information/19636242](https://figshare.com/articles/dataset/Supporting_information/19636242)) (accessed on 21 May 2022). **Acknowledgments:** The authors are most thankful to [PERSON] from CSIRO Marine and Atmospheric Research, Australia, for providing model theoretical basis and advices regarding the main directions of calibration. **Conflicts of Interest:** The authors declare no conflict of interest.