## 5 Discussion
### Limitations and Future Work  
The scope of the EMP framework in this paper only included the energy use and GHG emissions of residential buildings that were related to electricity consumption. In terms of the types of buildings, further study should extend to commercial and industrial buildings to ensure that all energy demands are taken into account. Transportation-related energy use and carbon emissions actually make up a great proportion of the total energy use and carbon emissions of FB [20]. In future, the proposed framework should be extended to include all energy demands from various sectors, including transportation emissions. This would be particularly important due to the recent and potential growing use of electric vehicles across the world.  
The data that were used in this paper were referenced from various resources, were not necessarily specific to Australia/Victoria and were scaled to match the area of study. Moreover, the AHP that forms part of the EMP framework employed subjective scoring that was based on expert opinions. For example, the percentage score of the social acceptability indicator was only an assumption to simplify social perception. While the percentage group was wide, the indicator was merely an approximation of what the literature has generally reported about the technology, coupled with the expert judgements of the authors. The validation of the results of the energy master planning and policy recommendations could be quite challenging and may need another structured process. The main point of this paper was to demonstrate the capabilities of the proposed approach in a way that is replicable and scalable, instead of proving that the resulting values of the assessment were accurate. Bottom-up modelling and sensitivity analyses can be performed in the more advanced stages of the design, considering the EMP execution requirements for more accurate results. Further, a rough or fuzzy set analysis should be undertaken to allow for the consideration of the EMP framework process and data vagueness.  
It is also noted that a set of more popular RETs were selected and analysed in this paper. However, there are still lots of other technologies that are worthy of consideration in the EMP process, such as hydropower, biomass, smart control systems, etc., which could help to optimise the energy design and monitoring of buildings further. The proposed EMP framework could be used to analyse other innovative technologies.  
Moreover, the number of indicators that were analysed was limited to two indicators for each criterion and the selection was based on expert judgement that was informed by the existing literature. There could be other indicators that are of importance to planners or decision-makers that could also be included in the EMP framework. For instance, the cost of recycling (as part of a circular economy) should also be included under the economic criteria. The framework is flexible enough to accommodate this in future applications of the EMP.  
The EMP framework used various manual modelling tools to analyse the 3 BL and technology mix. The process for the manual changing of data and assumptions within the tool could be tedious for planners or decision-makers. Thus, the improvement of the modelling tools should be further explored, with a focus on the input data requirements and links to available software.