# Evaluation of Hydrogen Generation with Hybrid Renewable Energy Sources
## 1 Introduction
### Literature Survey
#### 1.2.4 Electrolysis
Their research revealed that, in addition to significant electricity production and low exergy destruction, the waste heat generated by the AFC could be effectively utilized for co-generating electricity through a Stirling engine and providing cooling through an absorption chiller. In a more recent study, [PERSON] et al. [37] presented an environmentally friendly and efficient system designed for electricity and cooling production. Their research highlighted a total efficiency of 77.5%, primarily attributed to the high hydrogen-to-electricity conversion rate and the recovery of waste heat from AFCs. [PERSON] et al. [38] proposed an energy system based on hydrogen consumption/generation, which incorporated AFCs and an electrolyzer driven by a wind turbine. They demonstrated that carefully balancing the electricity demand and the capacity of the AFC and wind turbine, achieved through the proper sizing of the hydrogen storage tank, could lead to substantial primary energy savings and cost reductions. According to the previous survey, there are some research gaps for hydrogen generation with the alkaline method. These gaps encompass several key parameters, including the following:  
1. Electrolyte Optimization: Improving ionic conductivity and addressing carbonate formation in electrodes to enhance the efficiency of alkaline systems. 2. Electrode Design: Focusing on optimizing the surface area and structure of electrodes, as well as ensuring durability under a high current density during hydrogen generation. 3. System Integration and Scale-Up: Transitioning from laboratory-scale to industrial-scale production and integrating with renewable energy sources. 4. Environmental and Economic Assessment: Conducting lifecycle analyses and exploring cost reduction strategies for hydrogen production. 5. Advanced Diagnostics and Real-Time Monitoring: Developing advanced tools for real-time monitoring and diagnostics. 6. Hydrogen Purity: Finding efficient methods to purify hydrogen produced through alkaline processes to meet application-specific purity standards. Due to that, it is seen that alkaline electrolysis is the most economical and efficient system. Nevertheless, the choice of the electrolysis system to be used is contingent upon certain factors, outlined as follows:  
Economic Factors: Alkaline electrolysis systems typically use inexpensive materials, and they have been commercially available for a longer time, contributing to their perceived economic advantages. Efficiency: Alkaline electrolysis is known for its relatively high efficiency, especially when operating at larger scales. Emerging technologies, such as high-temperature electrolysis, are also being explored for improved efficiency. Technology Advancements: Research and development in electrolysis technologies are ongoing, and new advancements may influence the comparative advantages of different systems. Therefore, this paper aims to address most of these key points, which will be discussed in the following sections. The primary objective of this work is to conduct a comparative analysis of hydrogen generation rates and costs, specifically as influenced by the power sources of wind turbines and photovoltaic (PV) panels. This comparison aims to assess and contrast the efficiency, performance, and economic aspects of using wind energy versus solar energy for hydrogen production. By evaluating these two renewable energy sources, this study seeks to provide insights into the most effective and cost-efficient method for generating hydrogen. To achieve this objective, it is necessary to calculate and determine the capacity factor for both the wind turbine and PV panel used in the simulation. The capacity factor is a crucial metric that reflects how efficiently these renewable energy sources are utilized in generating power. By quantifying the capacity factor for each source, this study comparatively assesses their performance in terms of hydrogen generation rates and costs.