A Comparative Numerical Analysis on the Effect of Welding Consumables on the Ballistic Resistance of SMAW Joints of Armor Steel  
[PERSON]  
1 Department of Mechanical Engineering, G.L. Bajaj Institute of Technology and Management, Greater Noida 201306, India; [PERSON]ADDRESS] (A.S.); [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (S.P.D. ); [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (V.S.S.) [PERSON]  
1 Department of Mechanical Engineering, G.L. Bajaj Institute of Technology and Management, Greater Noida 201306, India; [PERSON]ADDRESS] (A.S.); [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (S.P.D. ); [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (V.S.S.) [PERSON]  
2 Department of Mechanical Engineering, IK Guiral Punjab Technical University, Main Campus-Kapurthala Road, Jalandhar 144603, India; [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (G.S. ); [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (G.S.) [PERSON]  
1 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (ISM), Dhanbad 826004, India; somnath  
vehicle, patrol vehicle etc. [1; 3]. Further, recent investigations [3; 4; 5; 6] revealed that austenitic stainless steel (ASS) and low hydrogen ferrite (LHF) consumables are widely used as electrodes in the SMAW process. The phenomenon of ballistic impact on different metal targets against a projectile is associated with different types of effect, e.g., viscous and thermal. Nowadays, the simulation of ballistic processes like bullet penetration plays a very crucial role in obtaining a detailed understanding of the deformation process at such high strain rates (10\({}^{3}\) s\({}^{-1}\)). High velocity impact and penetration problems include large deformation, erosion, high strain rate dependent non-linear material behavior, and fragmentation. Therefore, it is important to model the penetration where above effects are considered. Numerical methods and corresponding computing technologies have been evolved to the level where complex deformation and penetration pattern during ballistic impact can be accurately predicted. Further to simulate such a type of impact like bullet penetration requires detailed information of target plate and projectile material in the form of different material models Johnson-Cook (JC) hardening model, JC damage model, ductile damage model, etc. The JC material and damage model are capable to predict deformation behavior in the ballistic impact process, which comes under the category high strain rate and high temperature [7]. [PERSON] et al. [3; 4; 5; 6] revealed in their studies the choice welding consumables affected the mechanical properties of the fusion zone because formation of different type of microstructures. [PERSON] et al. [8] investigated the ballistic performance of armor steel and its gas metal arc welding (GMAW) weldments against 7.62 AP bullet. The weldments were prepared with different welding speed and heat inputs. Further the results revealed that the weldments with greater heat input values show poor ballistic performance. [PERSON] et al. [9] analyzed the ballistic performance of armor steel weldments prepared with shielded metal arc welding (SMAW), gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW), and flux cored arc welding (FCAW). Further results revealed that SMAW weldments exhibited the highest ballistic limit among other weldments. In addition, the FCAW weldments show the least ballistic limit among other weldments. [PERSON] et al. [10] investigated the ballistic performance of armor grade quenched and tempered AISI 4340 SMAW weldments with different microstructure constituents and concluded that lower baintie along with retained austenite show maximum toughness at \(-40\)\({}^{\circ}\)C and room temperature. [PERSON] et al. [11] determine the JC hardening and failure material model constant for armor grade Armox 500T and 7.62 AP bullet material. Further, they developed a FEA model based on the material model constants and validated it with experimental results. The developed FEA model successfully predicted the plastic flow behavior of target plate and 7.62 AP bullet within 10% accuracy. FEA models of armor grade steel SMAW weldments are rarely available in the literature.