## 5 Problem Statements  
In this section, problems in wireless networks, IoT, and NDN are discussed. These problems include broadcast storms because of the flooding nature of wireless channels and NDN. Energy problems, which cause a decrease in network performance, cost and delay important packets, are discussed as well. Some NDN-based IoTs can take befit from the broadcasting nature of NDN and the wireless medium to propagate interest packets. More than one neighboring node can listen to the packet transmission of an interest. These neighbors are the possible relay nodes and intermediate forwanders. These multiple forwarders increase the probability of packets being forwarded to the producer. The way content is requested, and the broadcast nature of the wireless medium, imposes challenges to the deployment of NDN-IoTs, particularly the \"broadcast storm problem.\" For NDN, after an interest is transmitted and received by neighbor nodes, the nodes will repeat the same process. Nodes are equipped with one wireless interface. In this scenario, the same interface is used to forward the packet, and all the nodes that are in the transmission range will receive the packet, even the nodes that have already received it. This leads to the broadcast storm problem. In this case, the consequences increase collisions and medium access time. Nodes using the same path can collide. The broadcast nature of NDN makes it even harder for the development of NDN based IoTs. Figure 6 shows the scenario of broadcast storm problem. In our scenario case, C (consumer node) broadcasts an interest packet to P (Producer node). Node A and B receive the interest and broadcast it further. Then all the other nodes, C, D, E, F, G, and H receive the interest and broadcast the same request in the network in same manner that causes a broadcast storm issue. Energy is one of the most critical aspects in real deployments of sensor networks and IoTs. A sensor node participates in sensing, processing, and communication subsystems. Optimization of energy consumption in sensor networks is generally a hard task, since it effects on maximizing the network life time along with reduction in energy consumption. The minimizing of sensor networks' power consumption is becoming increasingly significant, especially in situations where many countries are independently developing programs to improve the efficiency of power networks and power supplies. The energy efficiency and power consumption of various devices are defined in several different conditions of work. In the case of load applications, it would imply efficiency at different levels relative to the rated power of the device. The energy consumption of the sensor nodes largely depend on protocols the sensors use for communication. In an IoT system, the access communication of the regular and periodic interest and data packets sensed and sent by the sensor nodes can consume most of the energy and resources of the sensor nodes and network [31]. In fact, in IoT scenarios, the less important regular sensing data flow regularly in access in the network and probability of emergency data with high priority is very low. This scenario can be a problem for the high-priority and reactive interest packets and data packets. So efficient routing and forwarding mechanisms are needed to preserve the energy and power of sensor nodes, enhance the network's lifetime, minimize the overall energy consumption, and improve overall network performance. Figure 6 shows the sensor node's energy problem. In our scenario case, consumer node C broadcasts a less important interest packet to producer node P. Nodes A and B receive the interest and broadcast again. Then nodes C, D, E, F, and G receive the interest and broadcast  
Figure 6: Broadcast storm, high energy consumption and delay problems in IoT scenarios. the same request in the network. The communication of the less important packet consumes the energy of the sensor node.