## 4 Progress of Data Processing Modules for Solar PV Monitoring System
### BeagleBone-Based Module  
The BeagleBone module is an open-source Linux platform and is also considered as microcomputer which was developed by Texas Instruments, digi-Key, and Newark element 14 in 2008 [45]. The board consists of several busses such as Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI), 12C and Control Area Network (CAN), analog inputs, general-purpose input-output pins, serial ports etc. [46]. It was developed to assist young students learning about open-source hardware and software. Furthermore, it is widely accepted worldwide due to various factors such as its network capabilities, remote control, time management, etc.  
[PERSON] and [PERSON] proposed a BeagleBone module-based solar PV monitoring system for computing the energy generated as shown in Figure 6[32]. The proposed system not only computes the energy generated from the solar PV system, but it also monitors its consumption by the respective households. In addition, the designed system was equipped with a web-based mobile application for analyzing the data in real-time. An algorithm was developed with a web-based application for calculating the monthly household energy consumption charge as well as the energy generated by the system. Furthermore, after analyzing the information provided by the web-based application software, it was easier to take the necessary steps to limit the consumption of energy and hence limiting the electricity cost. Solar PV in a household system was analyzed by the proposed design and  
Figure 5: Classification of data processing technology and data transmission protocols for a solar PV monitoring system.  
several electricity parameters such as voltage, current, output power, and energy were calculated. The extracted electrical parameters were transmitted by the sensors to the server and further to mobiles via the Short Messaging Service (SMS). The presented design consisted of sensors such as INA219 for measuring DC power and the CS5463 sensor for the measurement of AC power, the BeagleBone Black module, and the GSM module for the transmission of data to the server. A python script was scripted in BeagleBone Black module to communicate with different sensors. It was realized that the proposed model could be enhanced comprehensively by employing sophisticated data processing modules for handling complex data in the calculation of the energy tariff for different household utilities. Moreover, [PERSON] et al. [47] proposed a low range monitoring and control system by utilizing the BeagleBone module. The paper proposed a tracking and cooling system to eliminate the problem of the heating of solar panels. The designed system is comprised of a BeagleBone module which controls the overall working of the system in conjunction with the temperature sensors. An algorithm was prepared to control and monitor the heat of the solar PV system by utilizing a liquid cooling mechanism. It was observed that the algorithm proposed by the author needs more attention to control the cooling of the PV station as well as the functionality of the station which could enhance the performance of the system.  
Although the BeagleBone modules have various advantages such as compact size, low power consumption of up to 2 W, high processing power, open-source platform to play etc., their usage is limited by factors such as low numbers of Universal Serial Bus (USB) ports for connecting external devices, expensive cost, the lack of extensive community support, limited connectivity to Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, and lastly, limited color in HDMI resolutions [48].