## 4 Driving Factors of Spatial Differences in EEI  
### National Level  
Significant differences in energy intensity are observed for 2014 among the G20 countries. We use multiplicative SDA to analyze the driving factors of energy intensity in low-energy-intensity countries such as Australia and European countries that are G20 countries. The input structure effect is the most important factor and causes the energy intensity of low-energy-intensity countries to be lower than the average level of the G20 countries, followed by the sectoral energy intensity effect. For the same phenomenon in European countries, Australia, Brazil, and Mexico, the input structure effect is the most important factor, as shown in Table 1. This indicates that these countries undertake a cleaner division of labor in the production division network. The input structure effects of Italy, France, Germany, the British, Turkey, Brazil, and Mexico are 0.33, 0.40, 0.51, 0.56, 0.84, 0.84, and 0.90, respectively. This implies that other influencing factors remain the same. The contribution rates of the input structure effect to these low-energy-intensity countries are below average: 67%, 60%, 49%, 44%, 16%, 16%, and 10%, respectively. For the United States and Japan, the sectoral energy intensity effect is the main factor that causes their energy intensity to be lower than the average level, which indicates that their energy efficiency is higher than that of other G20 countries. With other influencing factors remaining the same, the contributions of the sectoral energy intensity effect in these two countries are 15% and 21%, respectively. As above, we use the multiplicative SDA to analyze the driving factors of energy intensity in high-energy-intensity G20 countries. The results indicate multiple reasons for the energy intensity of each country being higher than the average. The differences in sectoral energy intensity effect indicates large differences in energy utilization technologies between countries. The impacts of the sectoral energy intensity effect on energy intensity depend on the differences between each country's energy use efficiency and the average energy use efficiency of the G20 countries. The sectoral energy intensity effect is the main factor that causes the energy intensity of the five highest-energy-intensity countries, except Indonesia, to be higher than the average level. This is true especially for India, South Korea, and Canada. This means that these three countries still have a large gap in energy efficiency compared with other G20 countries. As shown in Table 1, with other factors constant, the contribution rates of the sectoral energy intensity effect to the above-average energy intensity of India, South Korea, and Canada are 16%, 50%, and 113%, respectively. The case of Indonesia is unique: when the other influencing factors remain the same, the sectoral energy intensity effect causes Indonesia's energy intensity to be lower than the average, and its contribution rate is 19%. The input structure effect reflects differences in energy intensity between countries due to differences in the division of intermediate goods. If a country undertook cleaner divisions of production in the G20 production division network in 2014, with other factors constant, the input structure effect caused the country's energy intensity to be lower than the G20 average. If it undertook the task of non-clean divisions of production, the country's energy intensity was driven higher than the G20 average. The input structure effect is the main factor that caused the energy intensity of Russia, China, and Indonesia to be higher than the average. This is true especially for Russia and China. As shown in Table 1, with other factors constant, the input structure effect contributes to the above-average energy intensity of Russia and China by 20% and 63%, respectively. The impact of the final demand structure effect on the energy intensity depends on shifts in the demand structure.