## 3 Results  
Among Mn minerals, OXMN009 had the lowest reactivity with CH\({}_{4}\) in TGA; however, in the literature, [PERSON], [PERSON], and [PERSON] (2006) reported that Mn-based SOC had a low reactivity with CH\({}_{4}\) and high reactivity with H\({}_{2}\) and CO. Therefore, the material of the present study OXMN009 was brought to a particle size between 100 and 300 \(\mu\)m [11; 12]. [PERSON] (2017) investigated the effect of the initial impregnation of Cu in Fe and Mn. The study variables were the type of fuel (CH\({}_{4}\) and H\({}_{2}\)) and the percentage of Cu impregnated (1.5%, 3.5%, and 5%); it was identified that using H\({}_{2}\) as the reducing gas and a Cu impregnation percentage between 3.5% and 5%, the improvement in SOC reactivity was more pronounced. For the above reasons, and considering that the detection limit of the XRD equipment used to identify the crystalline phases in the material is 4%, it was decided to impregnate the SOC for this study with 5% Cu [19]. The impregnation procedure was carried out to obtain OXMN009 with five wt.% Cu, as indicated above. Although multiple calculations were required, the particle size remained constant in the TSO, indicating no significant particle accumulation when subjected to temperatures up to 1050 \({}^{\circ}\)C in an oxidizing atmosphere. The XRF analysis reflects the characterization of the OXMN009 and OXMN009P materials (93.15% and 89.32%), as indicated in Table 1. It was carried out to determine the presence of Mn elements associated with low-cost TO, so the presence of these elements in high concentrations indicates the mineral's potential as TO [20; 21; 22; 23]. Samples OXMN009 and OXMN009P have a high Mn content, which makes Mn oxide the main active phase in these materials; the Si content is low, so the presence of mixed oxides of Mn and Si as the active phase is negligible. A variety of metals in low proportions in XRF analysis is a common characteristic of natural minerals. Only active phases that can form with most elements are considered to facilitate subsequent calculations. The results reported in Table 2 correspond to the crystalline phases detected in the diffractograms obtained. The many low-intensity peaks found and the overlap of peaks at closed 2\(\theta\) angles, which usually occur in natural minerals, indicate that the crystalline phases reported in Table 3 are not all identified. There are probably also unidentified phases, as shown in Figure 3. XRD analysis detected thermite (CuO) in the Cu-treated SOC, consistent with an initial impregnation process in which the sample was calcined at 850 \({}^{\circ}\)C in an oxidizing atmosphere to decompose the added copper nitrate and form copper oxide. Figure 2: LCC thermogravimetric balance (TGA); schematic of C I Electronics. In the samples OXMN009 and OXMN009P, two oxidation states of manganese oxide were detected: Manganese III oxide (Mn\({}_{2}\)O\({}_{3}\)) and Manganese II oxide (Mn\({}_{3}\)O\({}_{4}\)). Refs. [14; 24] studied the reduction and oxidation behavior of Mn oxides and found that once Mn\({}_{2}\)O\({}_{3}\) was reduced to Mn\({}_{3}\)O\({}_{4}\), its reoxidation was not detectable at high temperatures (800 \({}^{\circ}\)C) because, on the other hand, they discovered that Mn\({}_{3}\)O\({}_{4}\) can be decreased to MnO and is easily reoxidized to Mn\({}_{3}\)O\({}_{4}\) in air. Therefore, only the Mn\({}_{3}\)O\({}_{4}\)/MnO system in CLC is considered [16]. SEM microscopy of the SOC was taken in its native state and processed at magnifications of 50, 100, and 3000 to understand the morphology, size distribution, and possible differences caused by Cu treatment. The SEM microscopy of samples OXMN009 and OXMN009P are shown in Table 4. No difference was observed between the two solids at 50\(\times\) and 100\(\times\) magnification. Both have an irregular size distribution, flat particle shape, and rough surface.