## 4 Results  
The oldest historical satellite images (KH-9 Hexagon system, 1970s) offer a view of the village and its layout before the period of massive landscape changes due to the al-Anfal campaign. In these images, the village of Qazbagi can be characterized as a medium-sized settlement unit with approximately 30 homeseteads and a complex built-up area of 10,924 m\({}^{2}\). The size of the buildings ranges from 12 m\({}^{2}\) (farm extensions) to 500-1000 m\({}^{2}\) (central buildings in the village core). The village has a disorganized cluster plan, oriented north-south. Three parallel main roads extend from the western part of the urban area and end in the village. The remaining roads are closely related to field systems, with a rather local-economic function. The position of the village is adapted to the morphological conditions of the landscape--it is situated in the depression at the foot of the ridge, around the confluence of two branches of the stream, protected from the north and partly from the east by the Haibat Sultan Dagh mountain massif. On the southern, western, and southeastern sides of the urban area, the landscape provides sufficient space for agarian farmland. This farmland, composed of irregular plots which are grouped into strips according to the morphological situation, is limited in the south by a barren Proluvial cone. The field systems in a radius of 1 km from the center of the village cover an area of 41 hectares. The size of the fields varies. Closer to the village center, we find fertile areas with a radius of about 0.2-0.3 ha (probably vegetable gardens). In more remote areas, the sizes of the fields are up to around 5-8 ha. The change in the settlement structure in the modern period (after the year 2000) can be determined by comparing images captured at three different times. The earliest image comes from the OrbView-3 collection and dates from 2005. The second is taken from the Microsoft Bing maps distributor and was acquired in 2013-14. The third is a recent satellite image from 2019. According to OrbView-3 (2005), the layout of the village area has undergone significant changes, but to analyze the immediate impact of the military operation in 1988, it is necessary to add older images to the dataset. The initial presumption of the impact of Operation al-Anfal on the village of Qazbagi was confirmed by comparing the images. The irregular ground plan of the village is preserved, but its arrangement, the ground plans of the buildings, and the number of homeseteads have completely changed. Only three of four newly built homeseteads can be identified based on the ground plans of  
Figure 6: Comparison of visibility of features on different substrates of the Hexagon system. Winter shots are the ideal environment for the visibility of most features and for increasing the contrast. the original buildings, but it is unclear whether these are the preserved cores of the original houses or new houses with a layout and position very close to those of their predecessors. The village core expands to the steep slope of the ridge to the north and northeast of the original development. Other newer constructions can be recorded in the western part, but also in the southern part--in the locations of the original field plots. The extent of the inhabited area has increased to a total area of 17,712 m\({}^{2}\). A freely available, very high-resolution image from the Microsoft Bing maps distributor, dating from 2013-2014, shows the ongoing transformation of the Qazbagi development. Most of the buildings on the northern edge, visible in the 2005 image, are abandoned, as is the distinctive building (or complex of buildings) on the easternmost side of the village. At the same time, abandoned and partially demolished buildings can be observed in the core of the village.