# Team-Communication Modeling Framework for Multi-Unit Nuclear Power Plant Accident Analysis
## 5 Conclusions  
With the issue in mind that effective communication is a key factor for improving team performance in multi-unit accident situations, we developed a team-communication modeling framework consisting of three models, i.e., team-communication investigation model, process model, and performance-factor model. The team-communication analysis methodology was provided to guide the application of the modeling framework, and a case study was performed to confirm the feasibility of the modeling framework and analysis methodology. The final results of the case study were four specialized FRAM models, each covering a specific scope of the accident scenario, with the functions and aspects elaborated to support team-communication analysis.  
The insights from FRAM modeling can be applied to improve the accident-training scenario, procedure/guideline development, and the provision of required system/facility/tools, as well as to develop an accident-management support system. For example, our analysis results on the assembly of off-site personnel revealed the need for a procedure to perform the task efficiently, the possible negative responses from the personnel required accident-training scenarios that cover such events, the monitoring of the personnel movement may require an accident-management support system, and their mobility may be supported by the provision of vehicles (see more in the Section 4 and Table 8).  
We can summarize the original contributions of our study as follows. The team-communication modeling framework is comprehensive compared to the model/framework with a similar purpose. The framework concept was explained, its contents were created as the three team-communication models, and an analysis methodology was provided. Although this framework was developed for the nuclear industry, the approach (the three models, their content, and interactions) is applicable to other safety-critical domains operated by multiple teams. For the nuclear domain, our work broadens the references of performance-influencing factors for human reliability analysis and adds the perspective of the process model, i.e., the need to understand how tasks are performed and interconnected. Through the case study, we developed FRAM models based on a multi-unit accident scenario and discovered insights that direct to practical improvements in accident management. For our next study, we are pursuing the team-communication support system, which would be able to alleviate ERT challenges during multi-unit accident management.  
Conceptualization, S.S. and S.-Y.Y.; methodology, S.S. and D.-H.H.; validation, S.S. and S.-Y.Y.; investigation, S.S. and S.Y; resources, D.-H.H.; writing--original draft preparation, S.S.; writing--review and editing, S.S. and D.-H.H.; visualization, S.S., S.-Y.Y., and D.-H.H.; supervision, D.-H.H.; project administration, D.-H.H.; funding acquisition, D.-H.H. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.  
This research was supported by the \"Core Technology R&D for Safety-Enhancement of Nuclear Power Plants in Operation\" grant from the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF), funded by the Korean Government Ministry of Science and ICT, grant number RS-2022-00144173.  
Not applicable.  
No new data were created or analyzed in this study. Data sharing is not applicable to this article.  
FNC Technology, KAERI, KAIST for accident scenarios and discussions.  
The authors declare no conflicts of interest.