# Diabetic Retinopathy and Ocular Melanoma: How Far We Are?
## 5 Conclusions and Future Perspectives
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Product** & **Type** & **Target** & **Status** & **Ref.** \\ \hline Bevacizumab & Monoclonal antibody & & & & \\ sold as Avastin® & Angiogenesis inhibitor & VEGF & & & \\  & & & & & \\ \hline Ipilimumab & Monoclonal antibody & & & & \\ sold as Yervoy® & Immune system & CTLA-4 & & & \\  & & modulator & & & \\ \hline Ranibizumab & Monoclonal antibody & & & & \\ sold as Lucentis® & fragment & VEGF-A & & & \\  & Angiogenesis inhibitor & & & & \\ \hline Pembrolizumab & Monoclonal antibody & & & & \\ sold as Keytruda® & Immune system & PD-1 & & & \\  & & modulator & & & \\ \hline Sunitinib & Multiple receptor & c-KIT & & & \\ sold as Keytruda® & tyrosine kinases inhibitor & VEGF & & & \\  & Angiogenesis inhibitor & & & & \\  & & & & \\  & & & & & \\ \hline
**Sorafenib** & Synthetic drug & Protein & & & \\ sold as Nexavar® & Multikinase inhibitor & & & & \\  & Angiogenesis inhibitor & & & & \\ \hline EU: European Union; USA: United States of America; VEGF: vascular endothelial growth factor; CTLA.4—cytotoxic & T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4; PD-1: programmed cell death protein 1; VEGFR: vascular endothelial growth factor receptor; c-KIT: tyrosine-protein kinase; PDGFR: platelet-derived growth factor; M-CSFR: macrophage colony stimulating factor receptor. & \\ \hline EU: European Union; USA: United States of America; VEGF: vascular endothelial growth factor; CTLA.4—cytotoxic & T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4; PD-1: programmed cell death protein 1; VEGFR: vascular endothelial growth factor receptor; c-KIT: tyrosine-protein kinase; PDGFR: platelet-derived growth factor; M-CSFR: macrophage colony stimulating factor receptor. & \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 2: Examples of drugs under study for the treatment of uveal melanoma or uveal melanoma-related conditions that are already approved for the treatment of other oncological pathologies. ocular inflammation which occurs in this disease. Uveal melanoma is still a tumour with a high mortality rate and is highly metastatic. Given these percentages and although adequate treatment of the primary tumour is currently available, new ways to treat or prevent this melanoma, as well as its metastases, need to be researched. Tumour angiogenesis is crucial in tumour development and is a very complicated process that involves several pathways and molecular mediators. The therapy to combat this process is based on VEGF and is also applied to this melanoma. VEGF angiogenesis and manifestation are controlled by melanoma cells, which in turn are controlled by the environment of this tumour and may further be controlled by VEGF inhibition. It is well known that the best way not to develop systemic metastases is to sterilize or kill effective tumours while they are at an early stage of development. Plaque brachytherapy is the methodology used to combat intraocular tumours, but other methods to radiate tumours are currently being developed. Advances in technology in this area have allowed the treatment of more tumours, preventing metastasis, enucleation of the eyes or death. The knowledge of diabetic retinopathy and ocular melanoma, as well as their relationship with angiogenesis, expected in this review, may result in the future development of better antiangiogenic therapies, enabling an effective treatment of these diseases. All authors have substantially contributed to the conceptualization, methodology, formal analysis, investigation, resources, and data curation. [PERSON], J.F.F., R.D.A., C.M.-G., A.D., E.S.L., M.E., R.C., M.L. and M.L.G. have contributed in the writing--original draft preparation and writing--review and editing. E.B.S., S.B.S., R.D.A. and F.M. have contributed to the data search, traceability and validation. [PERSON], [PERSON], A.M.S., F.M., and S.B.S. have contributed in the project administration, supervision and funding acquisition. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.