## 4 Simulation Results
### Applications of KC200 GT PV Module
#### 4.2.3 Case 3: The Effect of Varying the Weather on SD and DD Models  
The performance of PV systems is significantly affected by environmental factors such as irradiation and temperature, as well as aging, dust, and pollutants. These elements affect the power output by reducing the cell's efficiency, causing deviations in the expected performance under normal conditions. Specifically, irradiation and temperature significantly impact the performance of PV systems. Higher irradiation increases the current generation, improving power output, while lower irradiation reduces it. However, temperature has an inverse effect; as temperatures rise, the voltage decreases, leading to a reduction in overall efficiency. The combined effects of high irradiation and temperature often result in a trade-off where power gains from increased sunlight are offset by thermal losses. Added to that, as PV cells age, their efficiency gradually decreases due to wear and tear of materials, resulting in lower current and voltage output. Also, the accumulation of dust and pollutants on the surface of PV modules reduces the amount of sunlight reaching the cells, limiting the energy conversion efficiency. This leads to a mismatch between the expected and actual performance. These environmental factors can result in inaccurate modeling if not accounted for, leading to deviations between simulated and actual PV performance. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c c} \hline \hline
**MGA** & **Vexp** & **lexp** & **Isim** & **Pexp** & **Psim** & **Absolut IAE** & **Absolut PAE** \\ \hline
4 & 12.5 & 8.174 & 8.17898 & 102.175 & 102.2373 & 2.48013 \(\times\) 10\({}^{-5}\) & 0.06225164 \\ \hline
5 & 16.5 & 8.161 & 8.171047 & 134.6565 & 134.8223 & 0.000100951 & 0.165782965 \\ \hline
6 & 20.2 & 8.136 & 8.149286 & 164.3472 & 164.6156 & 0.000176507 & 0.268368678 \\ \hline
7 & 23.5 & 8.035 & 8.042986 & 188.8225 & 189.0102 & 6.37699 \(\times\) 10\({}^{-5}\) & 0.187661708 \\ \hline
8 & 26.3 & 7.61 & 7.601657 & 200.143 & 199.9236 & 6.95992 \(\times\) 10\({}^{-5}\) & 0.219410741 \\ \hline
9 & 27.9 & 6.915 & 6.899606 & 192.9285 & 192.499 & 0.000236968 & 0.429486287 \\ \hline
10 & 29.3 & 5.785 & 5.775501 & 169.5005 & 169.2222 & 9.02342 \(\times\) 10\({}^{-5}\) & 0.278325669 \\ \hline
11 & 30.4 & 4.458 & 4.461943 & 135.5232 & 135.6431 & 1.55451 \(\times\) 10\({}^{-5}\) & 0.119858843 \\ \hline
12 & 31.2 & 3.239 & 3.250869 & 101.0568 & 101.4271 & 0.000140875 & 0.370314599 \\ \hline
13 & 31.9 & 2.006 & 2.015922 & 63.9914 & 64.30792 & 9.84526 \(\times\) 10\({}^{-5}\) & 0.316522341 \\ \hline
14 & 32.4 & 1.036 & 1.038177 & 33.5664 & 33.63693 & 4.73849 \(\times\) 10\({}^{-6}\) & 0.070528555 \\ \hline
15 & 32.9 & 0 & \(-\)0.0186 & 0 & \(-\)0.61195 & 0.000345977 & 0.611954698 \\ \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 6: _Cont._  
Figure 11: (**a**) I–V and (**b**) P–V characteristics for the DD of the KC200 GT PV module using the suggested MGA. To handle these impacts on PV cell performance, the proposed MGA simulates various operational conditions by incorporating real-time data across different environmental scenarios. Specifically, the MGA adjusts parameter values dynamically to account for varying irradiance and temperature levels. The efficiency of PV modules fluctuates depending on irradiation levels and temperature. In the study, the MGA's effectiveness was evaluated using five different irradiances (200 W/m\({}^{2}\), 400 W/m\({}^{2}\), 600 W/m\({}^{2}\), 800 W/m\({}^{2}\), and 1000 W/m\({}^{2}\)), with the temperature held constant at 25 \({}^{\circ}\)C. Additionally, experiments were conducted at a fixed irradiance of 1000 W/m\({}^{2}\) with varying temperatures of 25 \({}^{\circ}\)C, 50 \({}^{\circ}\)C, and 75 \({}^{\circ}\)C.  
Additionally, the efficiency of the suggested MGA approach is verified in comparison to GO, EVO, and HTS in a range of meteorological scenarios. The data were gathered using five different irradiances: 200 W/m\({}^{2}\), 400 W/m\({}^{2}\), 600 W/m\({}^{2}\), 800 W/m\({}^{2}\), and 1000 W/m\({}^{2}\).