## 3 Results
### The Study Participants' General Characteristics and Homogeneity Testing
#### 3.2.2 Group Comparison at Each Point of Time for a Change in AI Competency
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c c c c c c c} \hline \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**Variables**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**Groups**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**Pre-Test**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**Post-Test**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**Follow-Up**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**Sources**} & & \multicolumn{3}{c}{**Differences**} & \multicolumn{3}{c}{**Differences**} \\  & & & & & & & **(Post-Pre)** & & & **(Follow-Up–Pre)** & \\ \cline{5-16}  & & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**M \(\pm\) SD**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**M \(\pm\) SD**} & & & & **M \(\pm\) SD** & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**t**} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{\(p\)} & **M \(\pm\) SD** & \multicolumn{1}{c}{\(t\)} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{\(p\)} \\ \hline Comput- & Exp. & 3.72 \(\pm\) 0.32 & 3.99 \(\pm\) 0.79 & 4.02 \(\pm\) 0.55 & G & 0.01 & 0.902 & 0.26 \(\pm\) 0.69 & 1.38 & 0.175 & 0.30 \(\pm\) 0.54 & 2.12 & 0.040 \\ rational & Cont. & 3.91 \(\pm\) 0.55 & 3.92 \(\pm\) 0.60 & 3.83 \(\pm\) 0.75 & T & 0.94 & 0.376 & 0.00 \(\pm\) 0.48 & & & \(-\)0.08 \(\pm\) 0.60 & \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{Decomp- osition} & Exp. & 3.78 \(\pm\) 0.44 & 4.07 \(\pm\) 0.83 & 4.17 \(\pm\) 0.46 & G & 0.49 & 0.487 & 0.29 \(\pm\) 0.64 & 1.62 & 0.113 & 0.39 \(\pm\) 0.61 & 2.27 & 0.029 \\  & Cont. & 3.92 \(\pm\) 0.63 & 3.90 \(\pm\) 0.58 & 3.86 \(\pm\) 0.77 & T & 1.41 & 0.249 & \(-\)0.02 \(\pm\) 0.56 & & & \(-\)0.06 \(\pm\) 0.64 & \\  & Cont. & 3.98 \(\pm\) 0.68 & 3.87 \(\pm\) 0.62 & 3.80 \(\pm\) 0.83 & T & 2.43 & 0.095 & & & & \(-\)0.08 \(\pm\) 0.73 & \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{Pattern recognition} & Exp. & 3.71 \(\pm\) 0.36 & 3.97 \(\pm\) 0.82 & 4.00 \(\pm\) 0.72 & G & 0.06 & 0.794 & 0.26 \(\pm\) 0.82 & 0.85 & 0.397 & 0.28 \(\pm\) 0.69 & 1.65 & 0.107 \\  & Cont. & 3.95 \(\pm\) 0.67 & 4.00 \(\pm\) 0.68 & 3.86 \(\pm\) 0.82 & T & 0.69 & 0.478 & 0.05 \(\pm\) 0.74 & & & \(-\)0.08 \(\pm\) 0.73 & \\  & & & & & & & & & & & \\  & & & & & & & & & & & & \\  & & & & & & & & & & & & \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{Abstraction} & Exp. & 3.66 \(\pm\) 0.38 & 3.83 \(\pm\) 0.87 & 3.88 \(\pm\) 0.76 & G & 0.18 & 0.673 & 0.17 \(\pm\) 0.88 & 0.26 & 0.790 & 0.22 \(\pm\) 0.67 & 1.03 & 0.308 \\  & Cont. & 3.82 \(\pm\) 0.51 & 3.93 \(\pm\) 0.62 & 3.82 \(\pm\) 0.72 & T & 0.75 & 0.477 & 0.11 \(\pm\) 0.55 & & & 0.00 \(\pm\) 0.70 & \\  & & & & & & & & & & & \\  & & & & & & & & & & & & \\  & & & & & & & & & & & & \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{Algorithm} & Exp. & 3.73 \(\pm\) 0.44 & 4.08 \(\pm\) 0.77 & 4.05 \(\pm\) 0.47 & G & 0.19 & 0.664 & \(0.055 \(\pm\) 0.71 & 2.40 & 0.021 & 0.32 \(\pm\) 0.58 & 2.33 & 0.025 \\  & Cont. & 3.98 \(\pm\) 0.68 & 3.87 \(\pm\) 0.62 & 3.80 \(\pm\) 0.83 & T & 0.55 & 0.547 & \(-\)0.11 \(\pm\) 0.46 & & & \(-\)0.18 \(\pm\) 0.75 & \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{Exp. = experimental group; Cont. = control group; M = mean score; SD = standard deviation; G = group; T = time; G\({}^{\text{T}}\) = group by time; F = F-statistic; t = t-statistic; \(p\) = significance level; significance at \(p\) < 0.05.} \\ \cline{1-1} \cline{2-11}  & & & & & & & & & & \\ \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 3: Effects of the international training program for enhancing intelligent capabilities on computational thinking (N = 40). \(p\) = 0.024). According to the independent samples \(t\)-test conducted for the group comparison at each point of time for the change, compared to the control group, the experimental group had a greater change in the 12 th week of the program than before the program. The knowledge inference score of the experimental group right after the program increased by 0.75 \(\pm\) 1.10, compared to the pre-program score, and the control group's score increased by 0.07 \(\pm\) 1.15. However, the difference in the change was not statistically significant (\(t\) = 1.89, \(p\) = 0.066). The knowledge inference score of the experimental group in the 12 th week of the program increased by 0.70 \(\pm\) 1.03, compared to the pre-program score, and the control group's score increased by 0.15 \(\pm\) 1.28. However, the difference in the change was not statistically significant (\(t\) = 1.49, \(p\) = 0.144).