## 4 Experimentation
### Result of Experimentation
#### 4.2.2 Survey Result  
Figure 13 and Table 3 present the results of the first cooperative experiment. Table 3 explains the four survey questionnaires. The users said that they required more explanation on how to create the environment when they used the 2D screen-based authoring tool before performing the experiment. In addition, they answered that their contributions to creating an environment using the sketch-based authoring tools were relatively higher than when they used the 2D screen-based tool. In light of this, they answered that creating an environment using sketches could be carried out in the future, rather than the 2D screen activities.  
Table 4 lists the average time taken to complete the creation of the given environment with cooperation between participants. In the case of a 2D screen-based environment, only one mouse could be used because they had to share a single computer, and users who did not use the mouse provided location advice to the other user. When creating a sketch-based environment, participants can divide their roles and use separate dry-erase markers simultaneously. The sketch-based environment creation was completed approximately 1 min faster on average than 2D screen-based environment creation. Thus, it was confirmed that sketch-based environment creation can be performed faster than when using a 2D screen-based creation tool.  
Figure 13: A result of survey about cooperative experiment.  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c} \hline \hline
**Question** & **Content** \\ \hline Q1 & Before the activity, it was necessary to understand the environmental creation method (building, tree, road arrangement, etc.). \\ \hline Q2 & My contribution to environmental creation activities was high. \\ \hline Q3 & I actively participated in the activity \\ \hline Q4 & You will be able to do a series of processes by yourself in the future \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}
Table 3: Survey contents of cooperative experiment.  
The usability of the sketch-based environmental authoring tool was confirmed by Q1, as shown in Figure 15. Usability refers to the ease of use of tools. In Q1, the average sketch-based score was high. Users answered that the sketch-based environment authoring tool could place a 3D object at a more specific desired location than a 2D screen-based environment authoring tool. In the case of the pairs in their 50s, although GUI was simple (so as cannot affect to experiment) and they could handle the mouse, they complained of unfamiliarity in using the mouse interface and did not want to do so if they could. Thus, it was confirmed that sketch-based environmental authoring tools are easier to use than 2D screen-based tools.  
The accessibility of the sketch-based environmental authoring tool can be confirmed by Q2 in Figure 15. Accessibility is used to check how easy it is to access the service without any inconvenience. With higher accessibility, the users will be more comfortable using it without restrictions. In Q2, users answered that if the 2D screen-based environmental creation authoring tool were to be used again, then technical assistance would be required. In the case of pairs that were unfamiliar with computers, when they use the basic 2D screen-based authoring tools, they answered that they still required some assistance from experts and repeated explanations would still be required the next time they used the tool. The need for a technician's assistance is a limiting factor when using the tool. From this, we can conclude that the sketch-based authoring tool has better accessibility than the 2D screen-based tool.