# Impact of Intersection Left Turn Guide Lines Configuration on Novice Drivers' Behavior
## 4 Discussion
### Discussion of Speeding Characteristic Results  
In small intersections, speed differences between scenarios with one guide line and full guide lines are minimal, signifying a significant impact of guide lines on the speed stability of vehicles during left turns. Guide lines provide clear path guidance, aiding accurate lane selection and turning maneuvers, minimizing hesitation, and promoting consistent speeds. Additionally, guide line settings encourage a systematic approach to lane selection and adherence to specific paths and speeds, which are particularly beneficial for novice drivers due to reducing speed fluctuations caused by unfamiliarity with intersection layouts.  
In Scenario 2, both one guide line and full guide lines exhibit similar trends in speed differences. However, the speed difference with full guide lines is smaller than that with one guide line, signifying a significant impact of guide line settings on novice drivers. Guide lines, especially full guide lines, provide clear guide and path cues, facilitating drivers in adjusting speeds for turning. They enable more accurate prediction and control of speed changes during turns, with full guide lines offering superior guidance and resulting in smaller speed differences. In the absence of guide lines, drivers may experience confusion and uncertainty, leading to speed fluctuations around the turning point. Conversely, guide lines aid drivers in better planning turning points, reducing uncertainty and fluctuations in speed adjustments for smoother changes.  
In Scenario 3, speed differences exhibit similar trends across all three guide line settings. This suggests a minor impact of guide line settings on left-turn speeds in medium intersections with two left-turn lanes. The complexity introduced by two left-turn lanes may diminish the influence of guide lines on speed differences, considering factors such as lane choices, driver behavior, and the inherently restrictive nature of guide lines. Mutualconstraints between two left-turn traffic flows lead to few or no lane-changing vehicles, resulting in predetermined paths and minimal fluctuations in speed differences.  
In Scenario 4, speed difference trends during left turns are unstable across different guide line settings, with full guide lines showing a relatively smaller fluctuation range. This implies a more pronounced impact of full guide lines on the left-turn speed of novice drivers, while the impact of one guide line is smaller in Scenario 4. Full guide lines may offer a more detailed and accurate path guide, facilitating drivers in understanding the correct turning path and adjusting speeds. In contrast, one guide line may provide less detailed guidance, leading to less accurate and stable speed adjustments during turns.  
In Scenario 5, the trend in speed differences during left turns is more stable across different guide line settings. This indicates a more noticeable impact of one guide line on novice drivers in Scenario 5. Mutual influence between the two left-turn lanes limits flow fluctuations, resulting in stable speed differences. With one guide line, a clear guide is provided for two turning lanes, and cautious drivers maintain stable speeds.  
In Scenario 6, speed difference analysis results suggest that full guide lines have a significant impact on novice drivers' left-turn speeds, resulting in larger speed fluctuations in Scenario 6. Full guide lines offer a more detailed and comprehensive path guide, making it easier for drivers to understand the turning path. This reliance on guide lines for speed adjustments significantly impacts novice drivers' left-turn speeds and leads to larger speed fluctuations. The results show similar findings to the research work of [27; 30; 31].