###### Abstract  
Worldwide, buildings are one of the main energy consumers and the improvement of their energy performance has attracted great interest and has been typically related to the optimisation, both design and operational, of Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning (HVAC), lighting and DHW systems, to innovation in building materials, as well as to the integration of renewable technology in buildings. More recently, occupant behaviour has received increasing attention. Occupants' interactions with the building systems influence their energy consumption in diverse ways. Their behaviour may affect energy use just as the systems and materials may do. Researchers identified and highlighted various aspects of this occupant behaviour and were gradually led to the conclusion that its effect might be worth investigating. This study has a twofold aim. First, to present a general conceptual framework to define, monitor and eventually change user behaviour in buildings. This framework is called \"event-driven\"; events are distinct moments in time associated with a potentially problematic behaviour, and the framework aims at tracking, acting upon and reporting on these events. Second, we aim to demonstrate and discuss the application and the savings achieved by means of our proposed approach and in the case of such behavioural events, in the Challenger building of Bouygues, in France. user behaviour; energy efficiency; event modelling +
Footnote †: journal: Applied Soft  
Occupants' behaviour is considered a significant influential factor among the predicted and the actual building performance [16; 17], which assists in the creation of the performance gap within the design and operation of buildings [18]. Research has provided evidence of its' role in the variation in energy consumption in different households [12] and different types of buildings [4], but the extent of this influence is still under research [12; 13; 19]. The existence of different types of buildings based on their use, such as, for example, commercial, residential or non-domestic buildings, public or private or based on the year of their construction, creates a matrix of factors that influence not only their energy demand [20] but also their actual energy consumption. Such variations, as shown in Table 1, are evident between the different types of buildings. Based on data derived from the Energy Information Administration (EIA) 2019 report, the following table presents the distribution of the consumed energy between commercial and residential buildings. According to the literature, these variations are interconnected with the occupants' energy behaviour [12; 13; 19; 22; 23; 24]. Therefore, the existence of reliable data on buildings' energy consumption could specify their actual energy performance [13] and thus to identify the impact of occupants' behaviour and attitude to energy savings. According to [PERSON] et al. [19], [PERSON] et al. [6] and other researchers, there are specific categories that influence the total building energy consumption: climate, building characteristics, user-related characteristics, building service systems and operation, indoor quality requirements, socio-economic factors and occupants' behaviour. Behaviour is explicitly mentioned among these six categories, while the indoor environment can also be regarded as being implicitly dependent on occupants' decisions [19]. While there has been significant progress in the first four areas, there is still a lack of scientific and efficient methods for determining and modelling energy-related aspects of occupant behaviour in buildings [6]. In addition, it is currently common to treat occupant behaviour as static, ignoring its complex nature in time and diversity across people [18], as there seems to be a difficulty in predicting the exact modus and time of the onset of behavioural manifestations which is a consequence of the complexity of the occupants' cognitive state matrix and the causal field potential. [PERSON] et al. [13] and [PERSON] et al.