## 4 Discussions and Conclusions  
This paper aimed to determine if renewable energy sources available in off-grid island communities are enough to meet the electricity demand at the household, commercial, and institutional levels. In order to do this, a three-phased approach was used: an assessment stage, geospatial analysis, and technical potential estimation. In the assessment stage, the site and load profile analysis was performed to analyze the present energy status of the research areas. Load forecasting was also included to anticipate the demand for electricity until 2030. The Holt-Winters exponential smoothing method in the R package was utilized to forecast the future load using the historical data. The predicted energy demand in Araceli is 1612.724 MWh, 2147.121 MWh in Balabac, and 12,958.001 MWh in Cuyo, with an increase of 30%, 131%, and 75%, respectively, from the current load demand. The second approach is the geospatial analysis, during which the open-source software QGIS and, among the decision-making techniques, the MCDM Fuzzy AHP-TOPSIS method were used. The aim was to identify the exclusion factors and constraints affecting the choice of suitable locations for installing renewable energy technologies. The potential locations for solar PV and wind energy resources available in the study areas were identified and mapped, and the number of possible sites was determined. There are 12 potential sites for solar PV farms and 3 locations for wind farms among the three study areas. Each location was ranked based on the considerations that it is near the electric networks, roads, and built-up areas but far from water bodies and protected areas. The technical potential estimation is the last approach used in this study. It aims to determine the available generated capacity of RE resources. Based on the calculation, the annual generation potential was estimated based on the calculated area of each feasible site obtained from the resource mapping. The generation capacity for each RE technology that can be installed in all study sites are as follows: Araceli needs a generation capacity of 3 MW (solar) and 10 MW (wind); Balabac may consider installing a generation capacity of 1.5 MW (solar); and a generation capacity of 11 MW (solar) and 9 MW (wind) is required by Cuyo. If solar PV farms are installed with their generation capacity as stated, they can replace the existing diesel power plant. The expected power generation potential is more than enough to supply the projected demand until 2030. However, there are some areas that the electric network has not yet reached; thus, if there is for a hundred percent energy access, a capacity addition is required. In conclusion, resource mapping of renewable energy sources using GIS in these communities is of great importance, particularly to those off-grid islands that are not connected to the primary grid. However, in energy planning, it must be done in conjunction with determining whether such available resources can sufficiently supply for the demand of the islands. Furthermore, selecting the appropriate locations of RET implementations must be done. In this paper, the fuzzy AHP-TOPSIS approach was used to rank the alternatives based on set criteria. The estimations of the generation potential helped to obtain the required capacity of each RET to replace the existing diesel power plants in Araceli, Balabac, and Cuyo. The forecasting method applied has contributed significantly to predicting future demand, thus achieving the goal of this study. Therefore, the methodology used contributes to the literature, which can be used in similar studies of RE resource mapping. As a concluding remark, the neglected off-grid areas are the best place to start in the transition to cleaner energy sources while achieving the goal of universal access to electricity. Future works include other RE resources, i.e., biomass, geothermal, offshore wind, and hydro, in mapping resources potential.