## 4 Discussion  
In this study, a solvent system that comprised ethanol 80% and water 20% was applied for the extraction. Such kinds of solvent systems bear a high polarity index, which results in high yield and constituents with diverse polarity [30; 31]. Moreover, the hydroethanolic solvent systems are recommended for pharmacological assays due to their safe, non-toxic nature, and cost-effectiveness [32; 33]. Qualitative phytochemical analysis revealed the therapeutic and physiological potential of the ethanolic extract of _Z. pentandra_. The investigation showed major chemical constituents such as carbohydrates, saponins, phenols, steroids, tannins, and lipids. These phytoconstituents are responsible for biological activities such as tannins and flavonoids contributing to anti-inflammatory, cytotoxic, free radical scavenging, and anti-microbial activity [34]. Compounds belonging to class lipids such as 2-Hydroxyhexadecanoic acid, 14-Methyl Pentadecanoic acid, and \(\gamma\)-Sitosterol possess anti-oxidant, anti-diabetic, anti-cancer, anti-viral, anti-bacterial, and neuroprotective activities [35; 36; 37]. Phenolic compounds have anti-apoptosis, cytotoxic, and anti-aging potentials as well as inhibit angiogenesis and development of the endothelial function. Similarly, saponins possess anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, and anti-diabetic activity [38]. Total phenolic and flavonoid contents are the major secondary metabolites that correlate with the bioactivities of the plant, such as compounds rich with phenolic content that are responsible for the highest antioxidant activity [39; 40]. Phenols present in the plants possess anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, and antimicrobial activity, and they provide protection to halophytes against high damages such as DNA mutation, protein degradation, and lipid membrane peroxidation caused by reactive oxygen species [41; 42; 43]. The literature revealed that the methanolic extract of _Z. pentandra_ exhibited the highest total phenolic content and antioxidant activity as compared to dichloromethane extract [15]. Therefore, our study showed that the ethanolic extract of _Z. pentandra_ has 119.6 \(\pm\) 0.12 (mg GAE/g) phenolic content and 45.5 \(\pm\) 0.19 (mg QE/g) flavonoid content. It is observed that the results of our study are five times higher than the previously reported study on methanolic extract, the variation in results is due to a change in solvent for the extraction or probably due to the sample collection method or sample preparation [39]. The higher phenolic content may be attributed to the higher antioxidant activity. Moreover, compounds such as 2-hydroxyhexadecanoic acids [35], 14-Methyl Pentadecanoic acid [44], 1,2-benzenedicarboxylic acid [37], \(\gamma\)-Sitosterol [45], and lactose [46] also contribute to antioxidant activity. Our results showed concentration-dependent free radical scavenging  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{l l c c c c c c c c c} \hline \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**Sr No. **} & \multirow{2}{*}{**Best-Docked Compounds**} & \multicolumn{4}{c}{**Lipinski’s Rule**} & \multicolumn{4}{c}{**Solubility**} \\ \cline{3-10}  & & **HBD** & **HBA** & **MWT** & **Lipophilicity** & **M.R** & **LR** & **ESOL** & **Ali Class** & **Silcos-IT** \\  & & **HBD** & **HBA** & **MWT** & **Lipophilicity** & **M.R** & **LR** & **ESOL** & **Ali Class** & **Silcos-IT** \\  & & & **HBD** & **HBA** & **MWT** & **Lipophilicity** & **M.  
and ferric-reducing antioxidant activity. The maximum activity was shown at the highest concentration. In vitro bioassay evaluation of plant extract serves as a rapid and simple bioassay method, it serves as an initial step to identify interesting biological activities. This technique is helpful to direct all the efforts toward drug discovery and development. To further explore _Z. pentandra_, in vitro bioassay techniques were employed to assess the ability of the ethanolic extract of _Z. pentandra_ as an antibacterial, antiviral, and enzyme inhibitor.