# Artificial Intelligence-Based Model for the Prediction of Dynamic Modulus of Stone Mastic Asphalt
## 3 Experimental  
### Material Properties  
In this study, crushed aggregates, including fine and coarse aggregates, were collected from a local quarry at Khau Dem, Quan Son commune, Chi Lang district, Lang Son province, in the North of Vietnam. The compressive strength of the bedrock in the saturated condition is reported as 138.26 MPa. The mineral filler was collected from a local quarry at Kien Khe, Ha Nam Province, Vietnam. The physical properties of fine, coarse aggregates and mineral filler were given in Table 1. Besides, Polymer Modified Bitumen III (PMB III) was chosen as the asphalt cement, and the corresponding physical properties are shown in Table 2. They were provided by the Vietnam National Petroleum Group (Petrolimex), Ha Noi, Vietnam. Cellulose fiber used in the SMA mixtures was a type of ARBOCEL ZZ 8/1, provided by JRS Company, JRS, J. RETTENMAIER & SOHNE Group, Germany. Sasobit, an organic additive based on polymethylene, was obtained from Sasol Company. The physical properties of Sasobit are shown in Table 3.  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Properties** & **Unit** & **D\({}_{\text{max}}\) 19** & **D\({}_{\text{max}}\) 12.5** & **D\({}_{\text{max}}\) 5** & **Mineral Filler** & **Standard** \\ \hline Compressive strength of the bedrock & MPa & 138.28 & 138.28 & - & - & TCVN 7572-10 \\ Bulk Specific Gravity & - & 2.863 & 2.846 & 2.792 & 2.709 & AASHTO T85 \\ Apparent Specific Gravity & - & 2.922 & 2.916 & 2.893 & 2.709 & AASHTO T85 \\ Water absorption & \% & 0.695 & 0.849 & 1.247 & - & AASHTO T85 \\ Bulk density & kg/m\({}^{3}\) & 1445 & 1438 & 1572 & - & ASTM C29 \\ Los Angeles abrasion & \% & 9.3 & 12.1 & - & - & AASHTO T96 \\ Flat and elongation in aggregates & \% & 8.6 & 10.0 & - & - & ASTM D4791 \\ \(\text{D}\geq 9.5\) mm & \% & 0.0 & 16.2 & - & - & ASTM D4791 \\ Clay, dust content & \% & 0.7 & 1.2 & 2.2 & - & ASTM C117 \\ Coating and Stripping of Bitumen & Level & Level 4 & Level 4 & - & - & TCVN 7504 \\ Fineness modulus \(\text{M}_{\text{k}}\) & - & - & - & 3.9 & - & TCVN 7572-2 \\ Sand Equivalent-SE & \% & - & - & 87.8 & - & AASHTO T176 \\ Fine Aggregate Angularity & \% & - & - & 50.7 & - & AASHTO T 304 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}
Table 1: Physical properties of coarse and fine aggregates and mineral filler.  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c} \hline \hline
**Properties** & **PMB III** & **PMB III with Sasobit** & **Standard** \\ \hline Penetration at 25 \({}^{\circ}\)C (0.1 mm) & 51 & 43 & ASTM D 5 \\ Ductility at 25 \({}^{\circ}\)C (cm) & \textgreater{}100 & \textgreater{}100 & ASTM D 113 \\ Flash point (\({}^{\circ}\)C) & 248 & 270 & ASTM D 92 \\ Specific gravity at 25 \({}^{\circ}\)C (g/cm\({}^{3}\)) & 1034 & 1026 & ASTM D 70 \\ Softening point (\({}^{\circ}\)C) & 89 & 95 & ASTM D 36 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}
Table 2: Physical properties of Polymer Modified Bitumen (PMB) III and PMB III with Sasobit.  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c} \hline \hline
**Properties** & **Value** & **Standard** \\ \hline Crystallizing temperature, \({}^{\circ}\)C & \(\approx\)100 & DIN-ISO 2207 \\ Softening point (\({}^{\circ}\)C) & 112–120 & ASTM D 3954 \\ Flashpoint (\({}^{\circ}\)C) & 285 & - \\ Specific Gravity at 25 \({}^{\circ}\)C, kg/m\({}^{3}\) & 950 & DIN 51 757 \\ Viscosity at 135 \({}^{\circ}\)C, mm\({}^{2}\)/s & 10–14 & DIN 51 562 \\ Specific Gravity at 140 \({}^{\circ}\)C, kg/m\({}^{3}\) & 750 & DIN 51 757 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}
Table 3: Physical properties of Sasobit.