## 3 Results and Discussion
### Characterization of AuNPs and ITZ-Coated AuNPs  
The dimensions of the gold nanoparticles were quantified DLS before and following the application of ITZ coating. The findings are illustrated in Table 2.  
The largest diameter was obtained from synthesis 1, where the molar ratio of precursor to reductant was 4:1. In contrast, the smallest diameter was obtained in synthesis 3, which confirms the significant effect of the molar ratio of the reactants on the nanoparticle size. The application of an ITZ coating to the nanoparticles increased their diameter. It is noteworthy that the ITZ coating resulted in larger diameters for the smaller nanoparticles obtained from syntheses 2 and 3, in comparison to synthesis 1. This suggests that small gold nanoparticles aggregate more readily. The box-and-whisker plot is presented in the Supplementary Materials for this paper (Figures S5 and S6). The results corroborate those obtained by [PERSON] (2018), that the size of AuNPs decreases monotonically with the increase of the molar ratio of reductant to precursor gold particles. It is noteworthy that in the context of coating gold nanoparticles with itraconazole, the objective is to achieve the greatest possible specific surface area. This necessitates the utilization of a material with a smaller diameter for the coating process. Consequently, the particles obtained in syntheses 2 and 3 are more favorable due to their size (diameter 55.67 nm and 43.50 nm, respectively) than those obtained in synthesis 1 (diameter 104.12 nm). As can be observed in the SEM images (Table 3), ITZ coats gold nanoparticles. The morphology of the resulting material is non-uniform, with ITZ occurring in a crystalline form, and aggregates are also present. Based on the EDS analysis, it can be seen that ITZ (marked the heteroatom of ITZ visible in the figures as Cl) occurs on the particle's surface, with an almost uniform distribution. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Sample** & **Mean [nm]** & **SD [nm]** & **Min [nm]** & **Max [nm]** & **Median [nm]** & \(p\) **Value** \\ \hline Au synthesis 1 & 104.12 & 1.48 & 103.00 & 109.23 & 104.18 & 0.0003 \\ Au synthesis 2 & 55.67 & 0.53 & 54.40 & 56.81 & 55.72 & 0.0212 \\ Au synthesis 3 & 43.50 & 0.64 & 41.90 & 44.55 & 43.60 & 0.0192 \\ Au synthesis 1 + ITZ & 2905.65 & 285.23 & 2336.63 & 3268.55 & 2986.53 & 0.0311 \\ Au synthesis 2 + ITZ & 8540.19 & 11,095.91 & 3084.50 & 50,580.67 & 5067.33 & 0.0001 \\ Au synthesis 3 + ITZ & 8962.51 & 7895.70 & 4481.60 & 34,440.82 & 5968.71 & 0.0001 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 2: Dimensions of particles obtained during synthesis of gold nanoparticles and particles obtained after coating of gold nanoparticles by ITZ. To verify the potential interaction of ITZ with AuNPs, FTIR spectra were performed. FTIR spectrum of ITZ shows characteristic bands at 3125, 3068 cm\({}^{-1}\) (stretching vibrations--\(\
u\) C-H arom. ), 2963-2823 cm\({}^{-1}\) (\(\
u\) C-H alkyl), 1697 cm\({}^{-1}\) (\(\
u\) C=O), 1584, 1551 cm\({}^{-1}\) (\(\
u\) C-C arom. ), 1451, 1379, 1332 cm\({}^{-1}\) (\(\
u\) N=N and \(\
u\) C-N triazole), at 1271, 1184 cm\({}^{-1}\) (bending vibrations in plane-- \(\delta\) C-H arom. ), 1226 cm\({}^{-1}\) (\(\
u\) C-O-C asym. ), 1105 cm\({}^{-1}\) (\(\
u\) C-Cl arom. ), 1043, 1009, 977 cm\({}^{-1}\) (\(\
u\) C-O-C sym. alkyl-ryl ether and cyclic ether and asym. cyclic ether), 823, 793, 737, and 671 cm\({}^{-1}\) (bending vibrations out of plane \(\delta\) C-H benzene and triazole) [41]. The FTIR spectra indicate that there was no direct interaction between the gold particles and ITZ (Figure 1). The characteristic bands for ITZ are visible in all the attached spectra, and no additional bands appear, which suggests that there was no interaction between the gold nanoparticles and the active substance (ITZ).