## 4 Results from the Literature Review
### The Use of Blockchain
#### 4.2.5 Development of Transport Infrastructure
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c} \hline \hline
**Solution** & & **Role in Case of Potential Crises** \\ \hline Infrastructure for electric vehicles & & Support for the electrification of transport and positive influence on EV purchasing decisions (economic crisis and environmental crisis) \\ Infrastructure for electric vehicles & & Reducing greenhouse gas emissions and improving air quality, especially in cities (environmental crisis and health crisis) \\  & & Opportunity to reduce dependence on fossil fuels through the use of renewable energy (economic crisis and environmental crisis) \\ \hline Smart roads & & Optimization of transportation, improvement of vehicle flow, reduction of fuel consumption, and increase of supply efficiency (economic crisis and environmental crisis) \\ Smart roads & & Improving road safety (economic crisis, health crisis, and social crisis) \\  & & Maintaining the appropriate state of the transport network (economic crisis, health crisis, social crisis, and military crisis) \\  & & Reduction of energy consumption and pollutant emissions (environmental crisis and health crisis) \\  & & Monitoring traffic and providing real-time information (health crisis) \\  & & Possibility to control ongoing transports (military crisis) \\ \hline Green infrastructure in transport & & Reducing the harmful impact of transport on the environment—lower greenhouse gas emissions and improving air quality (environmental crisis and health crisis) \\  & & Positive impact on the mental and physical health of society due to the possibility of safe and comfortable travel by bicycle or on foot (health crisis) \\  & & Reducing dependence on traditional means of transport—decreasing road congestion and consumption of conventional fuels (economic crisis and environmental crisis) \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 12: The role of transport infrastructure solutions in case of potential global crises. contemporary mobility demands, facilitating more efficient transport and vehicle flow, reducing fuel consumption, and improving delivery logistics. These developments provide financial advantages to both businesses and road users while simultaneously supporting sustainable development [221]. In [222], it is additionally pointed out that IoT-based smart roads, integrated with connected autonomous vehicles (CAVs), may enhance traffic safety and the efficiency of transport systems in the future. Other research highlights the ability of smart roads to monitor road surface conditions, warn of hazardous driving conditions, and even report possible maintenance needs or damage [223]. These features are essential not only for user safety but also for maintaining road conditions, particularly in crisis situations. Smart roads also reduce the environmental impact of transport. Study results reveal substantial reductions in energy consumption, pollution, and accident rates on smart highways relative to traditional roadways [224]. Electric road systems (ERS), which power EVs in transit, present additional environmental advantages by providing greater flexibility and convenience for drivers, eliminating the need to stop for charging [225]. The literature also emphasizes the benefits of IoT and machine learning technologies used in smart highways. These roads allow real-time information sharing with drivers, monitor traffic conditions, and provide alerts on potential congestion or incidents [24], which can be crucial for emergency transports. Furthermore, smart roads may have military applications, where WSNs positioned along roadways allow for continuous monitoring to secure transport safety [41]. The primary aim of green transport infrastructure is to enhance mobility while minimizing the environmental impact of transport. Sustainable travel options, such as cycling and walking, allow individuals to reduce pollution significantly.