# Vacant House Characteristics by Use Area and Their Application to Sustainable Community
## 2 Literature Review
[PERSON] [21] confirmed that houses' physical aging and structural risks impede their usability, leading owners to stop managing the house and leave it unattended. Environmental defects, such as small usable area and outdated infrastructure, also lead to vacant houses. [PERSON] [20] analyzed vacant single-family houses' major influencing factors in the Incheon Metropolitan City original downtown area and found that the size, shape, and proximity of the site affect vacant house occurrence; at the neighborhood level, the slope and the maintenance area designation were influencing factors. At the regional level, the proportion of households with elderly individuals living alone affected vacant house occurrence, indicating that residents' socio-economic vulnerability influences vacant houses. New housing supply can act as a triggering factor for vacant houses in a state where housing demand does not increase. [PERSON] et al. 's [27] and [PERSON] et al. 's [28] studies examined factors influencing vacant houses from the perspective of housing. [PERSON] et al. [27] found that the probability of a house being neglected increases according to its physical level. [PERSON] et al. [28] found that the unchanging housing demand and large supply of new housing caused conversion of low-market and poorly aged housing into vacant housing. [PERSON] and [PERSON] [29] analyzed the vacant house factors using data from individual buildings in Daegu Metropolitan City. Building area, number of stories, and level of deterioration had a significant effect on vacant house occurrence. Small size, lower number of floors, and older age were linked with higher probabilities of vacancy. Important regional characteristics included the number of adjacent vacant houses, presence or absence of a maintenance area, population growth rate, and the ratio of elderly population over the past five years. The probability of vacant houses increased as the number of adjacent vacant houses increased. Location within the maintenance area, regional population growth rate, and proportion of the elderly population were all significant factors. The results indicated that vacant houses may lead to additional vacant houses in adjacent areas. [PERSON] et al. 's [30] study is representative of a socio-demographic point of view. Analyzing the cause of vacant houses in the Flint area at a macro level, it confirmed that race, school closures, neighborhood change processes, and large-scale debt caused vacant houses. [PERSON]'s [23] study also demonstrated that increases in the unemployment rate, the proportion of poor households, and the proportion of foreclosed housing were associated with vacant houses, suggesting that changes in demographic structure and lifestyle increased the number of vacant houses in the region. [PERSON] and [PERSON] [31] analyzed vacant house distribution characteristics from Jeonju data. Regional characteristics included residential benefit recipients, population growth rate, seniority ratio, old housing ratio, and average actual transaction price. Physical characteristics included house age, total building area, and nearest road width. Characteristics of vacant house hotspot areas were analyzed using the National Land Planning and Utilization Act and other laws as variables of land use planning. The results suggested that the regulation of excessive land use, absence of actual physical changes in housing, housing prices, and the ratio of elderly are closely related to vacant house occurrence. [PERSON] and [PERSON] [32] analyzed types of vacant houses and factors influencing vacant houses in Incheon Metropolitan City. The area was divided into original downtown type, surrounding mixed type, extended type, and island type. The results showed that vacant house density was highest in the original downtown type, surrounding mixed type, island type, and extended type in that order.