# Effects of Isometric and Isotonic Training on Health-Related Fitness Components in Young Adults
## 4 Discussion  
The isometric and isotonic groups underwent different training regimes; both types of exercise have their own benefits on health-related fitness components. Although both groups improved significantly from pre- to post-training, a greater improvement in muscle strength, muscular endurance, and flexibility was revealed after isotonic compared to isometric training. These findings are in agreement with a previous study that also identified significant improvements in fitness variables following weight training [17]. Similarly, the resistance training of different intensities improved strength, anaerobic power, and explosive power in male subjects [18]. [PERSON] et al. [19] analyzed the effects of isotonic, isokinetic, and isometric \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c} \hline \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**Variables**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**Isotonic Group**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**Isometric Group**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Between-Group**} \\  & & & **Differences** \\ \cline{2-4}  & **\% Changes** & **\% Changes** & **\% (\(p\) Values)** \\ \hline Body mass index & 2.70 & 1.96 & 0.74 (0.081) \\ Bench press 1 RM & 34.45 & 14.23 & 20.22 (0.01) \\ Number of sit-ups for 30 s & 24.13 & 7.80 & 16.33 (0.02) \\ Sit and react distance & 29.12 & 6.92 & 22.2 (0.00) \\
12 min run/walk distance & 19.82 & 6.99 & 12.83 (0.05) \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 4: Percentage changes in health-related fitness variables from pre- to post-tests in the isotonic and isometric training groups. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c} \hline \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**Health-Related Fitness Variables**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**Group**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Pre-Test**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Post-Test**} & \multirow{2}{*}{\(p\)**Values**} \\ \cline{3-3} \cline{5-6}  & & **Mean** & **SD** & **Mean** & **SD** & \\ \hline Body Mass Index (values) & Isotonic & 23.32 & 0.65 & 23.95 & 0.92 & 0.00 \\  & Isometric & 22.86 & 0.77 & 23.31 & 1.00 & 0.00 \\ \hline Bench Press 1 RM (kg) & Isotonic & 41.80 & 14.06 & 56.20 & 12.68 & 0.00 \\  & Isometric & 42.44 & 11.44 & 48.48 & 10.38 & 0.00 \\ \hline Sit-Ups for 30 s (number) & Isotonic & 23.54 & 3.70 & 29.22 & 3.88 & 0.00 \\  & Isometric & 24.10 & 3.05 & 25.98 & 2.88 & 0.00 \\ \hline Sit and reach (cm) & Isotonic & 22.84 & 7.27 & 29.49 & 7.55 & 0.00 \\  & Isometric & 23.12 & 6.54 & 24.72 & 6.55 & 0.00 \\ \hline
12 min run/walk (m) & Isotonic & 1226.0 & 199.9 & 1469.0 & 249.4 & 0.00 \\  & Isometric & 1272.0 & 180.0 & 1361.0 & 198.1 & 0.00 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 3: Data for the health-related fitness components prior to and after 12-week isotonic and isometric training programs in young adults. exercises of ankle joint muscles on lower extremity muscle activity and balance control and found that muscle fatigue from the three exercise methods produced a decline in muscle activity and balance control. There is a progressive association between muscle strength, power, and enhancement of the quality of life [20]. For instance, isometric exercises increase sustainability and strength in people with joint inflammation, improve the range of motion among injured people, and reduce their resting blood pressure [21]. Physical activity also plays an important role in physical and psychological development among children and adolescents and enhancing their health status [22]. As has been shown, eight weeks of resistance training improves lower body isometric strength thigh pull in adolescents to a greater extent than in children [23]. A systematic review by [PERSON] et al. [24] revealed that maturation affects pyometric and resistance training outcomes differently, with the former eliciting greater adaptations pre-peak height velocity (PHV) and the latter around- and post-PHV. Different types of resistance training (e.g., body weight, free weights) are effective in improving measures of muscle strength (e.g., maximum voluntary contraction) in untrained children and adolescents [24].