## 1 Introduction
Through the evaluation of the surface roughness of the components, it is possible to obtain information about the current state of the surface and to identify any deficiencies or discrepancies from the required specifications [11]. The trend of automation of production processes is also reflected in the automation of controlling surface structures. In fully automated production, the optimal scenario involves acquiring data regarding the deviation of the resultant surface from a predefined standard. Subsequently, the production process can be adjusted by modifying the machining corrections or other parameters to attain the desired quality of the surface structure [12]. Research dedicated to measuring surface roughness is progressing swiftly, with the ongoing development of new methods and technologies aimed at precisely assessing even the most nuanced deviations in the profiles of diverse surfaces. These technologies are essential in many industries and applications where high accuracy and detailed analyses of surface properties are required. It also provides important information for the design, manufacture, quality control, and development of new materials and products. The use of modern technologies, such as laser profilometry, opens new horizons in the investigation of materials' surfaces. These technologies provide detailed information on the three-dimensional shape of the surface, which is crucial for the research, development, and quality control of materials in many industries and applications [13]. When transitioning to smaller measurements, choosing the right metrology tool becomes crucial due to the diverse methods available, each with its own set of advantages and limitations. The selection depends on factors such as the sample being measured, and the specific properties needed. Understanding how these techniques can influence the measured parameters is essential for accurate results [14]. The use of optical techniques to study surfaces has been very popular for a long time and there have been many developments over the years to improve the accuracy of the metrology. In recent years, the use of interferometry and confocal microscopy has become more and more widespread, and much is now known about the pros and cons of the techniques [15]. The surface roughness can be measured using many techniques, including optical and scanning electron microscopy, contact and noncontact profilometry, and atomic force microscopy (AFM) [16]. Profilometers utilize a variety of optical concepts, including interferometry, focus detection, and light scattering, to analyze the surface profile of an object. The data generated by the profilometer can be used to create two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) surface profile graphs of the object [17]. These instruments offer a broad measuring range of amplitude and are consequently widely used to test the surface of materials. However, it may not provide a good visual description of the surface with 2D and 3D measurements [18]. Two of the primary characteristics utilized for assessing surface roughness are Ra, which represents the mean arithmetic deviation of the profile, and Rz, which indicates the height of irregularities in the profile. These parameters offer insights into the distribution of surface irregularities and can be measured with either non-contact or contact profilometers. In addition to Ra and Rz, there are many other surface roughness characteristics such as Rq (the root mean square deviation of the assessed profile), Rt (the total height of the profile), Rmax (the maximum depth of roughness), and many others. Each of these characteristics provides different information about the surface roughness and may be suitable for different applications and evaluations [19].