## 3 Evacuation Scenario Setup
### Evacuation Scenarios  
During the simulation of the evacuation of differently-abled groups, it was observed that, when the number of floors exceeded five, the safe evacuation time for differently-abled groups to evacuate to the first floor via stairs is more than 7 min. Considering safety, however, the latest Chinese building fire protection code, \"Code for Fire Protection Design of Buildings\" (GB50016-2014) [21], stipulates that the safe evacuation time for civil buildings with fire resistance grades of Level 1 and Level 2 cannot exceed 6 min.  
Therefore, this study used Pathfinder software to create an evacuation model, taking a five-story building as an example to simulate the evacuation scenario for differently-abled people. The experimental simulation scenario is depicted in Figure 1. This experimental model consists of five floors, each with a height of 3.3 m. Because the subject of this study is the impact of evacuation methods on evacuation efficiency, and the personnel on the first floor do not need to evacuate via stairs or elevators, evacuation personnel are not set on the first floor. In the four-layer planar graph structure, there are a total of 240 people, including 30 differently-abled members and 30 non-differently-abled members on each floor. The positions of the 30 differently-abled members on each layer are random, and the 30 non-differently-abled members are placed near the differently-abled members.  
[PERSON] and [PERSON] have contributed to the study of evacuation speeds for differently-abled people with mobility impairments [22; 23]; however, physical differences exist between Caucasian and Asian individuals, leading to varying evacuation capabilities. [PERSON] examined the evacuation characteristics of differently-abled people in China, but their research only covered 29.07% of disabled individuals in the country at that time, and evacuation speeds for differently-abled people in their study significantly exceeded those of [PERSON] and [PERSON] and others [24].  
As a result, there is a lack of specific reference data for the evacuation capabilities of differently-abled people in China. To ensure the validity of the research results, the evacuation speed of the non-differently-abled individuals in this study is taken as the average of the results of both [PERSON] and [PERSON], and [PERSON]'s, studies, while the evacuation speed of the differently-abled people in this study is taken as the least favorable value, as  
Figure 1: Experimental simulation scene diagram.  
per the study by [PERSON] and [PERSON]. According to [PERSON]'s research on evacuation chair speeds and the evacuation width provided by Pathfinder software, the personnel parameters for this study are presented in Table 1[25].  
Because pedestrians tend to reduce their width when navigating through congested areas, the model allows them to reduce their physical size to 80% of the original width when passing through crowded locations. Elevator parameters are set at a door width of 1.5 m, an operational acceleration of 1.2 m/s\({}^{2}\), a maximum speed of 2.5 m/s, and a waiting time of 7 s. Staircase parameters include a net width of 1.5 m for each flight of stairs. This simulation primarily investigates the impact of using elevators and staircases in multi-story buildings on evacuation efficiency; therefore, both the staircase and elevator lobbies on each floor are designated as safe exits.