# Assessment and Evaluation of the Intake of Sugars in European Countries
## 3 Results
### Intake of Added Sugars  
Information on added sugar is available for infants in Denmark and Norway. In Denmark, the en% increased in the first year. Among female infants of 6-7 months old, the mean intake of added sugars is 1.6 en% and at 10-11 months the average is 3.2 en%. For male infants, these figures are 2.1 and 4.1, respectively. In Norway infants of 7-11 months have a mean en% of added sugars of 4.0. The standard deviations were close to the mean values. For instance, in Norway the standard deviation was 4.1. Information on the mean intake of added sugars for toddlers was available for Denmark (range among the one- and two-year-olds is 5.9-9.0 en%, with higher values for the older toddlers), Norway (6.7 en%), and the Netherlands (the one were 12.7 for male and 14.1 for female toddles). Among 3-9-year-old children, the range in the proportion of energy coming from added sugars in Denmark, Ireland, and Portugal was small (8.5-11.2 en%). The Netherlands, with a mean en% of about 17%, is a clear exception. The mean energy obtained from added sugars among adolescents was in Denmark, at 11-12 en%, which is about the same for adolescents in Germany (12 en%) and Ireland (12 en%). Norway with estimates of almost 9 en% and Portugal with an intake just over 9 en% have somewhat lower values.  
In Table 3 the results of the intake of added sugars among adult population groups (except the elderly) are presented. The range in the mean intake of added sugars is 6-13 en%. Thirty-two out of the thirty-eight adult population groups have an average intake of added sugars of 10 en% or lower. In general adult women have a higher intake of added sugars (en%) than adult men, and the mean intake is lower for the older age groups. The largest difference is observed among the men in the Netherlands: 13 en% for 19-30-year-old and 8.9 en% for those 51-70 years of age. The standard deviations are relatively, in comparison with the mean values, large. Among the elderly the range in the mean dietary intake of added sugars is 6.3-8.5 en% for Denmark, Hungary, Ireland, Norway, and the Netherlands. Portugal has a lower mean energy% for added sugars:4.0 for men and 5.2 for women. The mean intake of added sugars (en%) among elderly women tends to be higher than for elderly men.  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c} \hline \hline
**Country** & **Gender** & **Age Group (Years)** & **Mean \(\pm\) SD** \\ \hline Austria [41] & Male & 19–24 & \(16.4\pm 8.1\) \\ \hline  & & 25–50 & \(16.4\pm 7.4\) \\ \hline  & & 51–64 & \(16.8\pm 7.0\) \\ \hline  & Female & 19–24 & \(16.8\pm 7.6\) \\ \hline  & & 25–50 & \(17.5\pm 7.0\) \\ \hline  & & 51–64 & \(18.1\pm 6.8\) \\ \hline Germany [47] & Male & 15–80 & \(13.0\) \\ \hline  & Female & 15–80 & \(14.0\) \\ \hline Ireland [43] & Male & 18–35 & \(9.2\pm 4.7\) \\ \hline  & & 36–50 & \(8.2\pm 4.3\) \\ \hline  & & 51–64 & \(7.9\pm 4.2\) \\ \hline  & Female & 18–35 & \(10.2\pm 4.9\) \\ \hline  & & 36–50 & \(8.3\pm 4.3\) \\ \hline  & & 51–64 & \(8.1\pm 4.3\) \\ \hline Portugal [26] & Male & 18–64 & \(6.9\) \\ \hline  & Female & 18–64 & \(7.9\) \\ \hline Spain [36] & Male & 18–64 & \(7.0\pm 4.8\) \\ \hline  & Female & 18–64 & \(7.3\pm 4.5\) \\ \hline Switzerland [46] & Male & 18–75 & \(11.4\) \\ \hline  & Female & 18–75 & \(11.5\) \\ \hline The Netherlands [22] & Male & 19–30 & \(14.6\) \\ \hline  & & 31–50 & \(12.0\) \\ \hline  & & 51–70 & \(10.1\) \\ \hline  & Female & 19–30 & \(13.9\) \\ \hline  & & 31–50 & \(11.8\) \\ \hline  & & 51–70 & \(10.4\) \\ \hline United Kingdom [28] & Male & 19–64 & \(11.1\pm 6.4\) \\ \hline  & Female & 19–64 & \(11.2\pm 6.1\) \\ \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}
Table 2: The dietary intake of free sugars (energy%) among adult Europeans.