# Review on Electrical Impedance Tomography: Artificial Intelligence Methods and its Applications
## 5 EIT Clinical-Based Applications
### Breast Imaging  
For detecting breast cancer, X-ray mammography is a convenient method but it is very costly to use regularly and might be dangerous if it is used regularly. The specificity of the mammography is not good but has a higher sensitivity. For regular breast scanning, EIT is a much more reliable and feasible technique. A major variance is noted in impedances between tumors and normal breast tissues. A 3D EIT system with 128 electrodes has been presented in which an electronic switching network controlled a data acquisition system. For calculating measured voltages and to remove the electrode impedance effect, a four-electrode method is used. For image, reconstruction in EIT an iterative algorithm depends on the Distorted Born Iterative Method (DBIM) has been proven proficient and precise [83]. With the use of 16 electrodes internally present in a patient's breast-like finite element mesh, the authors have discovered a simulated anomaly (subject to specific conditions). Later, the experiments were done by adding two more rings of 16 electrodes to improve the resolution of the reconstructed images. They have also compared the model performance by using RMSE and Pearson's correlation coefficient [84]. An analysis of the performance of the EIT approach for detecting breast cancer has been studied [3]. Two softwares called OCTAVE and EIDORS were used for simulation purposes. A comparison between three algorithms: prior Laplace, [PERSON]'s One-Step Error Reconstructor (NOSER), and Tikhonov have been made. Among the three-reconstruction algorithm, The NOSER algorithm achieved the best results due to the good classification performance metrics of proximity between neoplasms, as this factor alter the resolution of the reconstruction images generated based on the algorithm used [85]. [PERSON] et al. in [86] have directed their study into finding out whether high-speed EIT would be able to identify and distinguish the changes in conductivity with recurring Blood-volume changes and also to be able to determine the capability of the usage of these indications to extricate the benign regions from the malignant regions inside the breast. For briefly varying conductive, the initial validation was provided by EIT imaging of pulsating membranes (latex) that had been immersed in saline tubs. A study was carried out on 10 women with cancer and 9 without cancer (total 19) where they were imaged with EIT over series of their heartbeats (pulse-oximetry) in synchronization. The comparison of the malignant and benign regions of the breast was made by pertaining to the pulse oximeter signatures and the conductivity images of eight parameters. In seven of the eight parameters, critical differences amongst the benign and malignant regions of the breast [86]. By using the EIT technique the authors have recommended a reconstruction algorithm for the imaging of a breast tumor of a basic mammography geometry model [87]. By placing the electrodes on the highest point and the lowest point of the surfaces, they have modeled a four-sided geometry. For the homogenous conductivity distribution, a progressive model for the EIT imaging' complication is formulated and by using a phantom tank, the experimental setup is verified. For imaging a breast tumor, an algorithm (reconstruction) established on the linearization technique is also demonstrated. The results showed that for the phantom experiments the suggested reconstruction algorithm executes adequately [87]. In a similar experiment, a progressive model of the EIT imaging issue was presented. The experimental results verified the progressive model and highlighted that the predicted values complied with the measured electrode voltages. In addition, on the side of the electrodes, the effect of an unmodeled surface is also studied [88]. In [89] EIT has been used by the authors as a procedure for imaging breast cancer, for determining the admittivity dispersion within the breast.