# Spoofing Detection Algorithm Based on Pseudorange Differences
## 4 Conclusions  
In this paper, we propose an effective spoofing detection algorithm. We establish the pseudorange double-difference model. The ionosphere delay correction, the troposphere delay correction and the satellite clock offset correction are considered and used to correct the pseudorange. Taylor expansion is applied to the position relationship between the vehicle and the satellite. To guarantee the performance of the algorithm, we give the parameter setting of the proposed algorithm. Different kinds of test datasets are used to verify the effectiveness and the feasibility of the algorithm. From the simulation results, we can verify the advantageous performance of the algorithm.  
The algorithm has the advantage of simplicity for use in engineering applications. First, the requirement for the equipment is low compared to multi-antenna detection algorithms. Only one  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c} \hline \hline  & **No. 1** & **No. 2** & **No. 5** & **No. 6** \\ \hline Range Rates Jump Detection & & & & \\ C/No Jump Detection & Detects & Detects & & \\ Clock Offset Jump Detection & Detects & & & Detects \\ Clock Drift Jump Detection & Detects & & & Detects \\ Algorithm in This Paper & Detects & Detects & Detects & Detects \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}
Table 2: Different methods’ detection ability.  
Figure 15: Curve of the range rates in different experimental scenarios.  
single receiver is required, and the hardware of the receiver does not need to be changed. Second, the requirement for the measurement information is low compared to multi-algorithm fusion detection methods. Only the pseudorange is required. Last, the algorithm has a low complexity. The calculation of the pseudoranges is executed only twice before the iterative calculation.  
[PERSON] and [PERSON] discussed this problem and gave the ideas of spoofing signal detection. [PERSON] wrote the paper, performed the whole experiment and completed the data analysis. [PERSON], [PERSON] and [PERSON] provided valuable feedback, advice and mentoring during the manuscript's modification. [PERSON] contributed to the whole experiment implementation and gathered information from the literature.  
This work was supported in part by the Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education of China (grant number 20124307110006) and the Human Project on Science and Technology in China (grant number 2017 RS3045).  
Thanks are due to Beidou Open Laboratory for assistance with experiments and to Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, for equipment support. We acknowledge [PERSON] and [PERSON] at Delft University of Technology for reading our paper and providing valuable comments. Thanks are due to the referees for their valuable comments.  
The authors declare no conflict of interest.  
The following abbreviations are used in this paper:  
\begin{tabular}{l l} GNSS & Global navigation satellite system \\ TEXBAT & Texas spoofing test battery \\ PRN & Pseudo-random noise \\ ECEF & Earth-centered Earth-fixed \\ GDOP & Geometric dilution of precision \\ NI & National Instruments \\ I/Q & In-phase/quadrature \\ RF & Radio frequency \\ P code & Precision code \\ C/A code & Coarse/acquisition code \\ C/No & Carrier noise power ratio \\ \end{tabular}