## 4 Conclusions  
Hydrolysis of corn silage and common need were not improved by bioaugmentation with three different species of AF, as evidenced by a lack of significant H\({}_{2}\) production or substrate degradation compared to controls. The most likely explanation for these results is that AF had low activity and/or survival in the anaerobic fermentation systems used in this study. More research is required to better understand survival of AF in anaerobic digestion processes to determine the feasibility of exploiting these organisms for lignocellulosic degradation.  
Conceptualization, B.R. and B.H.G.; methodology, B.R., V.N.N. and J.Y.; software, B.R. and B.H.G.; validation, B.R., V.N.N. and B.H.G.; formal analysis, B.R.; investigation, B.R. and V.N.N.; resources, X.H., J.Y., T.A.M. and B.H.G.; data curation, B.R. and V.N.N.; writing--original draft preparation, B.R.; writing--review and editing, V.N.N., C.V., X.H., J.Y., T.A.M., H.L. and B.H.G.; visualization, B.R. and B.H.G.; supervision, X.H., H.L. and B.H.G.; project administration,  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Substrate** & **Fungal Species** & **Active/Inactivated** & \begin{tabular}{c} **NH\({}_{3}\)** \\ **mg L\({}^{-1}\)** \\ \end{tabular} & \begin{tabular}{c} **Na\({}^{+}\)** \\ **mg L\({}^{-1}\)** \\ \end{tabular} & \begin{tabular}{c} **K\({}^{+}\)** \\ **mg L\({}^{-1}\)** \\ \end{tabular} & \
\begin{tabular}{c} **Mg\({}^{2+}\)** \\ **mg L\({}^{-1}\)** \\ \end{tabular} &
\begin{tabular}{c} **Ca\({}^{2+}\)** \\ **mg L\({}^{-1}\)** \\ \end{tabular} \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{Corn Silage} & _Ncoallimastix_ & Inactivated & N/A & 0.87 \(\pm\) 0.18 & 2.14 \(\pm\) 0.13 & 0.14 \(\pm\) 0.00 & 0.17 \(\pm\) 0.00 \\  & _frontalis_ & Active & N/A & 0.80 \(\pm\) 0.08 & 2.20 \(\pm\) 0.08 & 0.17 \(\pm\) 0.02 & 0.23 \(\pm\) 0.02 \\  & _Anaeromyces_ & Inactivated & N/A & 0.79 \(\pm\) 0.08 & 2.19 \(\pm\) 0.17 & 0.15 \(\pm\) 0.02 & 0.21 \(\pm\) 0.03 \\  & _muconatus_ & Active & N/A & 0.75 \(\pm\) 0.02 & 2.07 \(\pm\) 0.02 & 0.14 \(\pm\) 0.01 & 0.20 \(\pm\) 0.02 \\  & _Pironyces__rhizinitdata_ & Inactivated & N/A & 0.72 \(\pm\) 0.03 & 2.00 \(\pm\) 0.11 & 0.12 \(\pm\) 0.00 & 0.18 \(\pm\) 0.01 \\  & _Acetive_ & N/A & 0.72 \(\pm\) 0.03 & 2.08 \(\pm\) 0.09 & 0.13 \(\pm\) 0.01 & 0.20 \(\pm\) 0.01 \\  & _Neocallimastix_ & Inactivated & 78.45 \(\pm\) 5.62 & 0.57 \(\pm\) 0.03 & 1.63 \(\pm\) 0.02 & 0.12 \(\pm\) 0.01 & 0.19 \(\pm\) 0.02 \\  & _frontalis_ & Active & 14.71 \(\pm\) 0.09 & 0.61 \(\pm\) 0.02 & 1.64 \(\pm\) 0.03 & 0.12 \(\pm\) 0.00 & 0.22 \(\pm\) 0.01 \\ _Pirngmites_ & _Anaeromyces_ & Inactivated & 41.10 \(\pm\) 0.42 & 0.53 \(\pm\) 0.04 & 1.59 \(\pm\) 0.02 & 0.10 \(\pm\) 0.00 & 0.21 \(\pm\) 0.00 \\ _australis_ & _muconatus_ & Active & 37.66 \(\pm\) 14.56 & 0.64 \(\pm\) 0.02 & 1.58 \(\pm\) 0.03 & 0.08 \(\pm\) 0.00 & 0.16 \(\pm\) 0.01 \\  & _Pironyces__rhizinitdata_ & Inactivated & 44.11 \(\pm\) 2.05 & 0.59 \(\pm\) 0.03 & 1.63 \(\pm\) 0.07 & 0.08 \(\pm\) 0.00 & 0.16 \(\pm\) 0.00 \\  & & Active & 25.81 \(\pm\) 0.36 & 0.58 \(\pm\) 0.03 & 1.58 \(\pm\) 0.08 & 0.10 \(\pm\) 0.00 & 0.21 \(\pm\) 0.01 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}
Table 2: Effect of ammonia and alkaline metals in the bioaugmentation of three different anaerobic fungal species.  
B.H.G.; funding acquisition, X.H., T.A.M. and B.H.G. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.  
This work was supported by the Natural Resources Canada Program of Energy Research and Development (grant number Inc001), Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada (grant number T.2002.36), and the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (grant number 400806).  
Not applicable.  
The authors wish to thank [PERSON], [PERSON], [PERSON], [PERSON], [PERSON], [PERSON], and [PERSON] for their technical assistance on this research project.  
The authors declare no conflict of interest.