# SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19): New Discoveries and Current Challenges
## 4 Therapeutic Options
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{p{113.8 pt} p{113.8 pt} p{113.8 pt} p{113.8 pt}} \hline \hline
**Drugs** & **Properties** & **Findings** & **Refs.** \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{Arbidol (Umifenovir)} & An antiviral treatment for influenza infection applied in Russia and China & \multirow{3}{*}{S protein/ACE2} & \multirow{3}{*}{[65; 67]} \\ \cline{3-3} \cline{5-5}  & & It can successfully restrain the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase of RNA infections (e.g., flu, Ebola, yellow fever, chikungunya, norovirus and enterovirus) and against COVID-19. & & \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{Baricitinib} & Approved for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis & Inhibitor of janus kinase (JAK) & [79] \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{Darunavir} & An antiretroviral medication used to treat and prevent HIV/AIDS & \multirow{3}{*}{Non-peptide inhibitor of protease} & \multirow{3}{*}{[65]} \\ \cline{3-3} \cline{5-5}  & HCV and RSV treatment & & Potentials for COVID-19 treatment, but should be additionally evaluated & [99] \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{Remdesivir} & An approved HIV reverse transcriptase inhibitor; for Ebola virus infection & Potentials against COVID-19; two phase III trials for COVID-19 (NCT04252664 and NCT04257656) & [98; 100] \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{Galidesivir} & Potentials against HCV; against yellow fever & In preclinical evaluations against SARS and MERS2. Clinical trials should be evaluated its efficacy against COVID-19 & & \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{Lopinavir and ritonavir} & \multirow{3}{*}{Protease inhibitors} & Active against SARS and MERS. Clinical trials for patients infected with COVID-19; inhibition of the 3-chymotrypsin-like protease (for MERS and SARS) & [99] \\ \cline{3-3} \cline{5-5}  & & It inhibits the papain-like protease (for SARS and MERS) in cell cultures, but clinical proof is not sufficient. & \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{Disulfiram} & For treatment of chronic alcoholism & \multirow{3}{*}{It inhibits the papain-like protease (for SARS and MERS) in cell cultures, but clinical proof is not sufficient.} & \multirow{3}{*}{[99]} \\ \cline{3-3} \cline{5-5}  & & It can successfully restrain the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase of RNA infections (e.g., flu, Ebola, yellow fever, chikungunya, norovirus and enterovirus) and against COVID-19. & & \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{Baricitinib} & An antiretroviral medication used to treat and prevent HIV/AIDS & Non-peptide inhibitor of protease & [65] \\ \cline{3-3} \cline{5-5}  & HCV and RSV treatment & Potentials for COVID-19 treatment, but should be additionally evaluated & [99] \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{Remdesivir} & An approved HIV reverse transcriptase inhibitor; for Ebola virus infection & Potentials against COVID-19; two phase III trials for COVID-19 (NCT04252664 and NCT04257656) & [98; 100] \\ \cline{3-3} \cline{5-5}  & Potentials against HCV; against yellow fever & In preclinical evaluations against SARS and MERS2. Clinical trials should be evaluated its efficacy against COVID-19 & & \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{Lopinavir and ritonavir} & \multirow{3}{*}{Protease inhibitors} & Active against SARS and MERS. Clinical trials for patients infected with COVID-19; inhibition of the 3-chymotrypsin-like protease (for MERS and SARS) & [99] \\ \cline{3-3} \cline{5-5}  & & It inhibits the papain-like protease (for MERS and SARS) & \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{Disulfiram} & For treatment of chronic alcoholism & \multirow{3}{*}{It inhibits the papain-like protease (for SARS and MERS) in cell cultures, but clinical proof is not sufficient.} & \multirow{3}{*}{[99]} \\ \cline{3-3} \cline{5-5}  & & It inhibits the papain-like protease (for SARS and MERS) in cell cultures, but clinical proof is not sufficient. & \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 1: Some prominent drugs in clinical evaluations/development stages for COVID-19.