## 1 Introduction  
Atmospheric aerosols range in size from 0.001 to 100 \(\mathrm{\SIUnitSymbolMicro m}\) and are derived from a variety of sources, including natural originating materials such as Asian dust particles generated from soil and volcanic ash, and artificially produced nitrates, sulfates, and soot. Accordingly, rapid industrialization and urbanization are increasing emissions associated with human activities [1; 2]. In particular, suspended dust particles play an important role in the climate by altering the Earth's radiative balance [3]. Moreover, these particles have negative effects on human health and socioeconomic factors, as they cause respiratory issues while inhibiting transportation and agriculture at regional and global scales. Aerosol-based meteorological phenomena include Asian dust, haze, and mist. Asian dust originates from the deserts and plateaus of China and Mongolia and is responsible for approximately 25% of global dust emissions, thereby significantly affecting the atmospheric environment of East Asia, located on the leeward side of Westerlies [4]. Asian dust is primarily released ~1.5 km above the sea level, largely staying confined to the lower troposphere (<3 km) thereafter. It is affected by a downdraft following the passage of low-pressure conditions, ultimately reaching and affecting the surface. Asian dust occurrence in Korea has been assessed over the past 50 years, revealing that the Inner Mongolian source region accounted for 54.4% (329 days) of the total appearance days, followed by 26.2%, 12.4%, and 7.1% in the Gobi, Manchuria, and Loess Plateau, respectively. Accordingly, the desert regions of Mongolia and northern China, which collectively account for \(>\)80% of Asian dust, are known as the representative Asian dust sources [5]. In the 1990s, [PERSON] and [PERSON] [6] conducted the first numerical studies on Asian dust, including systematic research involving dust occurrence at the source, as well as movement and deposition processes. Since then, synoptic analyses, long-distance transport, and duration have been explored. In addition, research on the chemical and optical characteristics of dust particles, emissions with critical friction speed, and surface characteristics of the source regions have been continuously carried out [7; 8; 9; 10]. Haze disturbs local visibility and is generated by relatively fine aerosols compared to Asian dust and is a complex mixture of natural and artificial pollutants, along with water droplets. Unlike mist and fog, which are caused by water droplets condensing at high relative humidity, haze occurs at low relative humidity (RH \(<\) 75%) conditions. When analyzing a low-visibility phenomenon, the Korea Meteorological Administration (KMA) prioritizes visibility distance. At visibilities of 1-10 km, mist and haze are differentiated based on RH and the concentration of fine particles \(<\) 2.5 \(\upmu\)m [11]. Recently, in East Asia, studies on the synoptic pattern and movement path tracking, chemical and optical properties, and vertical distribution of dust phenomena, including haze, are actively underway [12; 13; 14; 15]. Since the 2000s, haze affected by long-distance transport caused by westerly winds in the Korean Peninsula has shown a sharp increase in the concentration of secondary pollutants, such as sulfates and nitrates [16; 17]. In contrast to Asian dust, haze components are also emitted directly from pollutant sources, such as automobile exhaust gas, and can cause secondary production of smog via photochemical reactions, which maintain distinct aerosol characteristics [7]. Concentrations of each particle size are an important factor to identify the physical characteristics of the aerosol. For this purpose, observation-based research to determine number concentration using aerosol monitoring equipment has been actively conducted in Korea, including Annyeondo on the west coast [18], Andong in the inland area [19], urban Seoul [20], and the Ieodo Ocean Research Station in an independent marine area [21].