# Synergies and Potential of Industry 4.0 and Automated Vehicles in Smart City Infrastructure
## 3 Results
### Smart Cities and Autonomous Vehicles in Practice  
Pilot projects to integrate self-driving cars and smart cities are already underway in cities around the world; well-known examples include:  
1. Singapore;
2. Barcelona. The first of these cities is Singapore. According to several metrics and several prestigious measurements, Singapore is one of the most progressive and innovative cities in the world. The measurements show that Singapore has come to the top of the rankings by effectively utilizing technology for urban planning. Singapore started investing in smart infrastructure a long time ago, and this is why it can be considered a leading example of how technology projects in smart cities can improve efficiency, sustainability, and the quality of life for its residents. It is also known that Singaporeans are some of the happiest and most content people with their leadership. The smart city program in Singapore is called Smart Nation and aims to incorporate digital technologies into the daily routines of citizens and enhance the provision of public services. The incorporation of automated vehicles and Industry 4.0 into the city's infrastructure is one of the elementary elements of this program. Singapore has long been grappling with the modern trend of increasing vehicles in urban areas. Therefore, Singapore seeks to improve transport options for citizens while reducing the amount of congestion in cities by introducing a system of automated vehicles. Residents and the leadership of this city realize that using these vehicles can help decrease traffic, increase the number of parking spaces, and enhance road safety. Singapore's smart city efforts do not stop at AVs but they are making significant investments in smart city technology, including sensors, IoT, data analytics, and artificial intelligence, in order to improve and automate city management and achieve greater efficiency. These technologies enable cities to supervise, control, and improve different areas of city life like transportation, energy, garbage disposal, public safety, and other areas [45]. Barcelona is the second city analyzed. It is located in Spain and is known as a very progressive, innovative, and technology-driven city that puts a strong emphasis on sustainable urban planning and strives for the long-term wellbeing of residents. Thanks to large investments in smart city components, Barcelona obtained second place overall in smart cities. The above investments were mainly directed towards the purchase of sensors and data to enhance different parts of the city's infrastructure and services. One of Barcelona's  
Figure 3: Autonomous (Driverless) Car Market. Source: MordorIntelligence. Available online: [[https://www.mordorintelligence.com/industry-reports/autonomous-driverless-cars-market-potential-estimation](https://www.mordorintelligence.com/industry-reports/autonomous-driverless-cars-market-potential-estimation)]([https://www.mordorintelligence.com/industry-reports/autonomous-driverless-cars-market-potential-estimation](https://www.mordorintelligence.com/industry-reports/autonomous-driverless-cars-market-potential-estimation)) (accessed on 9 March 2024) [44]. primary goals is to improve transportation efficiency. As part of the effort to improve transport, a number of sensors have been installed to collect data on traffic movement, pinpoint congestion areas, and apply smart traffic solutions like dynamic traffic light systems or information boards displaying current traffic updates. The aim of these measures is to make vehicle movements smoother, safer, more efficient, faster, and more sustainable in the long term. Parking is inextricably linked to vehicle movements. Barcelona is looking to improve parking efficiency by installing sensors in car parks that track parking spot availability and notify drivers of open spots through mobile applications. This parking app system with broad data sharing increases driver satisfaction, decreases traffic from parking searches, and enhances city traffic flow.