# An Integrated Decision Support System for Low-Disturbance Surface Mining
## 3 Overview of Results
### Analysis of LD Level Results  
Five whitened weight functions are applied to get the grey clustering results of each sub-indicator based on the relative weights of each sub-indicator, as shown in Table 1. The LD level results of the leading indicators are shown in Figure 10.  
As shown in Figure 10, all leading indicators are realistically at \"low\" LD levels. The clustering coefficients for \"Control of stripping works (CS)\" and \"Control of pollution emission (CP)\" are close to the \"very low\" LD level, while the clustering coefficient for \"Control of emission rock (CE)\" is close to the \"medium\" LD level. Regarding desirability, the LD levels for all leading indicators are above \"medium\". To calculate the grey clustering results for each sub-indicator, expert opinions, and overall weights were processed. The results of the greyscale clustering of all the sub-indicators based on the application of the \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c c c c c} \hline \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**Norm**} & \multicolumn{4}{c}{**Reality**} & \multicolumn{4}{c}{**Desirability**} \\ \cline{2-10}  & \(\hat{f}_{i}^{\mathbf{\mathrm{d}}}(x)\) & \(\hat{f}_{i}^{\mathbf{\mathrm{d}}}(x)\) & \(\hat{f}_{i}^{\mathbf{\mathrm{d}}}(x)\) & \(\hat{f}_{i}^{\mathbf{\mathrm{d}}}(x)\) & \(\hat{f}_{i}^{\mathbf{\mathrm{d}}}(x)\) & \(\hat{f}_{i}^{\mathbf{\mathrm{d}}}(x)\) & \(\hat{f}_{i}^{\mathbf{\mathrm{d}}}(x)\) & \(\hat{f}_{i}^{\mathbf{\mathrm{d}}}(x)\) & \(\hat{f}_{i}^{\mathbf{\mathrm{d}}}(x)\) \\ \hline CS1 & - & 0.2156 & 0.0240 & - & - & - & - & 0.1064 & 0.1596 & - \\ CS2 & - & 0.2226 & 0.1484 & - & - & - & - & - & 0.1500 & 0.2250 \\ CS3 & 0.1558 & 0.2337 & - & - & - & - & - & - & 0.1436 & 0.2154 \\ \(\sum\) & **0.1558** & **0.6719** & **0.1724** & **-** & **-** & **-** & **-** & **0.1064** & **0.4532** & **0.4404** \\ CE1 & - & - & 0.1688 & - & - & - & - & - & 0.0752 & 0.1128 & - \\ CE2 & - & 0.2381 & 0.1020 & - & - & - & - & - & 0.0319 & 0.1277 & - \\ CE3 & 0.1161 & 0.0774 & - & - & - & - & - & - & 0.1267 & 0.1900 \\ CE4 & - & 0.2677 & 0.0297 & - & - & - & - & - & 0.2015 & 0.1343 \\ \(\sum\) & **0.1161** & **0.5833** & **0.3006** & **-** & **-** & **-** & **0.1071** & **0.5686** & **0.3243** \\ CP1 & - & 0.2125 & 0.1417 & - & - & - & - & - & 0.2803 & 0.0311 \\ CP2 & - & 0.0711 & 0.1067 & - & - & - & - & - & 0.0541 & 0.1263 \\ CP3 & 0.0648 & 0.2593 & - & - & - & - & - & - & 0.1392 & 0.2088 \\ CP4 & 0.0864 & 0.0576 & - & - & - & - & - & 0.0480 & 0.1121 & - \\ \(\sum\) & **0.1512** & **0.6005** & **0.2483** & **-** & **-** & **-** & **0.0480** & **0.5857** & **0.3662** \\ CD1 & - & 0.2867 & 0.1911 & - & - & - & - & 0.2031 & 0.3047 & - \\ CD2 & 0.1044 & 0.4177 & - & - & - & - & - & - & 0.3937 & 0.0984 \\ \(\sum\) & **0.1044** & **0.7044** & **0.1911** & **-** & **-** & **-** & **-** & **0.2031** & **0.6984** & **0.0984** \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular} Note: The values bolded in black in Table 1 are the clustering coefficients based on the relative weights of the leading indicators for the sub-indicators.  
\end{table} 
Table 1: Clustering coefficients based on relative weights of sub-indicators. Figure 10: Grey clustering coefficients for leading indicators. five whitened weighting functions for each of the two dimensions (reality and desirability) are shown in Table 2.  
To better understand the grey clustering results, Figure 11 shows a comparison of the final grey levels for each sub-indicator. For \"Control of stripping works (CS)\", its sub-indicators CS1, CS2, and CS3 have a low level of realistic greyscale and a high level of desirable greyscale, especially for indicators CS2 and CS3, which have a very high level. For \"Control of emission rock (CE)\", its sub-indicator CE1 is at a medium level of the grey level of realism, CE2 and CE4 are at a low level, and CE3 is at a very low level; in terms of the grey level of desirability, the indicators CE1, CE1, and CE4 are at a high level, and the indicator CE3 is at a high level.