## 1 Introduction  
Numerous studies have been conducted to enhance technology, especially in microwave applications. Over the past 20 years, scientists have introduced metamaterials that have unusual properties that are unattainable in conventional materials. Metamaterial applications have grown in popularity in recent technology research due to their unique interaction with electromagnetic waves [1]. According to the statistics determined by [PERSON] et al., in 2020, the number of papers published from 2000 to 2019 in the metamaterial field shows the emergence of metamaterial research [2]. The idea of introducing metamaterials is mainly to produce materials using artificially engineered and fabricated structural units to achieve the desired unique properties and functionalities. [PERSON] first discovered unique properties such as reversed Cherenkov radiation, in which electromagnetic radiation was emitted in the opposite direction of the moving particle charge in left-handed material (LHM) [3]. [PERSON] also predicted that LHM would exhibit unusual characteristics such as a negative refractive index and a reversed Doppler effect. The structural unit materials can be designed in different shapes and sizes such that the refractive index of the metamaterial will turn into positive, near-zero, or negative values. Therefore, different properties of metamaterials can be classified into double-positive materials (DPS), single-negative materials (SNG), and double-negative materials (DNG) [4]. Conventional materials or materials that exist in nature mostly have positive values of both permittivity and permeability. These materials are known as DPS materials. Materials with a negative value of either permittivity or permeability are called SNG materials. If the permittivity value is negative, the materials are named ENG (epsilon negative), whereas the materials are called MNG when the permeability is negative. Artificial materials that exhibit negative values for refractive index, permittivity, and permeability are known as DNG and can also be called left-handed materials (LHM). The expansion of metamaterial research, which revealed unique capabilities of the metamaterial itself, has resulted in a wide range of applications such as satellite [5], radar [6], perfect absorbers [7], energy harvesting [8], protection of buildings during earthquakes [9], superlenses [10], antenna [11], cloaking [12], sensor [13], and other applications in microwave and optical frequencies. The C-band and X-band are the microwave frequency bands for satellite communications and radar applications. Satellites and radar, in general, have a wide range of applications, including communications, navigation, weather forecasting, military, air and ground traffic control, and remote sensing. In 2017, [PERSON] et al., developed a dual band shared-aperture circularly polarized (CP) array antenna for C- and X-band satellite communications with wide impedance bandwidths of 21% and 21.2%, respectively [13]. The metamaterial antenna also achieved high aperture efficiency, low sidelobe, and high gain. In 2018, [PERSON] et al., designed a spider-like resonating structure, which resulted in a C-band and X-band microwave absorber [14]. In 2020, [PERSON] et al. proposed a design for a 4 \(\times\) 1 ultra-wide band (UWB) antenna array for C- and X-band applications [15]. In addition, [PERSON] et al., developed a simple wideband negative permittivity metamaterial structure for X-band application. The metamaterial structure managed to compose a negative refractive index at a width of 3.2 GHz at the resonance frequency. Furthermore, in 2021, a compact ultra-wide band (UWB) metamaterial-inspired split-ring resonator was proposed by [PERSON] et al. [16]. The proposed antenna has the ability to improve the performance of the applications in WiMAX, C-band, WLAN-band, and X-band satellite communication signals by defeating the interference that occurred.