## 4 Implementation of the BBSM Concept in the Virtual Environment
### Design of the BBSM Virtual Environment
For example, 3D printers could be enhanced by installing additional electrical components (e.g., cameras) by purchasing from an electrical service company, while another service provided by an IT company could provide and install surveillance software for better optimization of the 3D printing process. **Public access to information:** In the BBSM system, information on service providers is available to all users. Consequently, each service provider can make decisions based on the known existing state of the system [2]. In the game, the user interface presents a list of all the providers in the system, and players can monitor all the current service offers on the market for all types of services. Because the blockchain has the property of immutability with respect to the transaction record, players in the game can view the entire history of transactions that have occurred to date. All this information influences the players' decisions about which services they buy and how they set the prices of their services for the other players in the game. **Decentralized platform:** In contrast to other traditional resource-sharing manufacturing modes, the operation mechanism of the BBSM is decentralized, which is enabled by blockchain technology [3]. Therefore, all the interactions between players (e.g., information exchange and transactions) are made without the intermediation of another entity in the game. Furthermore, all the changes in the state of the system are made in the form of transactions that are confirmed by the decentralized blockchain network. Financial transactions are processed by the blockchain network in the game, which implements a Proof-of-Stake (PoS) consensus mechanism [57]. The implemented blockchain network is a simulation of a public permissionless blockchain network, which is the most widely used general blockchain network (e.g., Ethereum). The implemented blockchain network is simplified due to the complexity of the system. The decentralization and security of the network are the maximum possible; therefore, no security attacks on the network are possible, and confirmation of transactions cannot be stopped by any single entity. Furthermore, the option to vote on changes to the blockchain protocol between blockchain nodes is disabled. The blockchain network consists of blockchain nodes that are run by each manufacturer in the system without instilling any additional costs (e.g., due to computer hardware). Individual transactions are confirmed with constant frequency. The transaction that is the highest in the queue when confirmation is performed (e.g., that offers the highest transaction fee as a reward to the validator) is selected for confirmation. All the confirmed transactions are shown in a table that is available to all the players. The transaction confirmation is made automatically by an algorithm. The reward deriving from the confirmed transactions is divided according to the players' stakes, as is usual in PoS blockchain networks. The decision process for a player is shown in the flowchart (Figure 3). The players can decide whether to spend the money to buy the service or to stake it in the blockchain network. In addition, they must make a decision about setting the price of their service and which service they want to buy. Determining the fee for an individual transaction is in the hands of the players. Although an individual player can perform only one service at a time, they can purchase several services at the same time. A player cannot purchase services that are of the same type as the service they offer themselves. A request to purchase a service is made by a player by placing the transaction in the queue. The generated transaction is queued for confirmation according to the specified transaction fee. The service is purchased when the transaction is processed by the blockchain network. The service starts automatically when the transaction is confirmed, and cannot be canceled.