###### Abstract  
As the climate warms, the impact of drought on plants has increased. We aimed to construct a comprehensive drought index (CDI), coupling soil-vegetation-atmosphere drought and heat conditions based on multi-source information, and to combine it with static and dynamic drought hazard evaluation models to analyze the spatial and temporal distribution characteristics of agricultural drought disasters and hazards during the growing season (May to September) in Northeast China (NEC). The results demonstrated that the CDI could combine the benefits of meteorology (standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index, SPEI), vegetation (vegetation health index, VHI), and soil (standardized soil moisture condition index, SMCI) indices. This was performed using a relative weighting method based on the remote sensing data of solar-induced chlorophyll fluorescence (SIF) to determine the weights of SPEI, VHI, and SMCI. The CDI for drought monitoring has the advantages of broad spatial range, long time range, and high accuracy, and can effectively reflect agricultural drought; the growing season in NEC showed a trend of becoming drier during 1982-2020. However, the trends of the drought index, the impact range of drought events, and the hazard of agricultural drought all turned around 2000. The drought hazard was highly significant (\(p<0.001\)) and decreased from 2000 to 2020. The frequency of drought disasters was the highest, and the hazard was the greatest in May. The best level of climatic yield anomalies in maize were explained by drought hazard in August (R\({}^{2}\) = 0.28). In the center and western portions of the study area, farmland and grassland areas were where higher levels of hazard were most commonly seen. The dynamic hazard index is significantly correlated with climatic yield anomalies and can reflect the actual impact of drought on crop yield. The study results serve as a scientific foundation for drought risk assessment and management, agricultural planning, and the formulation of drought adaptation policies, as well as for ensuring food security in China. d 2022 22 December 2022 2222  
global average over the past century, and summer heat and drought events have increased in NEC in recent decades [4; 5; 6; 7]. Drought is one of the most important factors driving grain output decline, accounting for 60.6% of the total economic loss in NEC [8]. NEC is a significant area in China for food production and ecological function, and crops in this area are significantly affected by extreme climatic events, particularly drought-heat and drought stress [4; 9; 10; 11; 12]. Therefore, in the context of global warming, research on the spatial and temporal distribution characteristics of drought disasters and hazards in NEC is extremely important to assess the effects of drought, prevent and mitigate agricultural disasters, and ensure ecological security. Hazard is one of the key components of the disaster risk system, along with vulnerability, exposure, and capacity for disaster prevention and reduction [13]. The intensity and frequency (probability) of catastrophic activity play a major role in determining a hazard [14; 15; 16], and droughs that occur frequently or with high intensity may have serious adverse effects. Drought levels and their corresponding frequencies are commonly used to detect and quantify drought hazards [14; 15; 17]. Currently, the majority of studies on drought hazards have been conducted for static evaluation over a period of time, and there is a lack of dynamic evaluation of drought hazards for various years and different periods of the crop-growing season. The Palmer drought severity index (PDSI), self-calibrating Palmer drought severity index (scPDSI), standardized precipitation index (SPI), standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index (SPEI), aridity index (AI), and others are commonly used meteorological station-based drought indices. These indices are effectively used to assess and monitor drought in various parts of the world [18; 19; 20; 21; 22].