## 4 Discussion  
Early developmental stage  
In the early stages of plant growth (2 nd-3 rd leaf) (Figures 1, S1 and S2), the commercial variety showed better adaptation than the local variety by taking advantage of the controlled growth conditions. In the commercial variety, even though no statistically significant differences were observed between the treatments, the hydropriming application (T2) had a positive effect, causing an increase in most growth parameters, while the hydropriming/biopriming application (T4) also had a positive effect, increasing root length and R/S ratio. Regarding the local variety, although no significant differences were found between the treatments, the biopriming application (T3) mainly increased characteristics related to the shoot, fresh and dry weight, length and biomass, while the hydropriming-biopriming application (T4) increased root characteristics, such as length  
Figure 8: Treemap graph for the mean value of treatments for each trait separately for the local variety, under salinity treatments. Different Latin letters within the squares indicate significant differences according to the Least Significant Difference (LSD) test at \(p<0.05\) among the 12 treatments (4 for each variety). T1: no-priming, T2: hydropriming, T3: biopriming, T4: hydropriming/biopriming, FWR: Fresh Weight Root, DWR: Dry Weight Root, FWS: Fresh Weight Shoot, DWS: Dry Weight Shoot, RL: Root Length, SL: Shoot length, BIO: Biomass, R/S: Dry Weight Root/Dry Weight Shoot. and fresh-dry weight. Many studies have demonstrated the positive effect of hydropriming and biopriming in the early stages of growth, with uniform and rapid germination, better establishment and improved growth [35; 41; 57; 58; 59]. A study by [PERSON]. et al. [60] found the positive impact of hydropriming on the dry weight of chickpea plants in a pot experiment, while research by [PERSON] et al. [61] showed an increase in the average dry weight and length of young shoots in sunflower seedlings, in a hydropriming experiment after 12-16 h of seed immersion in H\({}_{2}\)O. Also, a study by [PERSON] et al. [62] revealed that the inoculation of chickpea and groundnut plants with _Bacillus_ sp. in pot experiments increased the number of roots, shoot length and leaves in the early stages of growth. Advanced developmental stage--controls  
At the end of the experimental process, the results were also analyzed only for the control plants (those that were not subjected to salinity stress), to test the effect of each priming treatment on the agronomic characteristics at an advanced developmental stage. In the commercial variety (Figures 6 and S3), it was found that the plants without treatment (no-priming) performed well in relation to the other treatments regarding fresh and dry root weight, dry shoot weight, biomass and root/shoot ratio, while the biopriming application (T3) significantly improved the fresh shoot weight and shoot and root lengths compared to the no-priming application (T1). [PERSON] et al. [63] reported similar results on a pot experiment with mung beans (_Vigna radiata_), inoculated with _Bacillus_ sp., promoting plant growth and improving the characteristics of shoot and root length, fresh and dry weight of root and shoot, leaf area and chlorophyll percentage. Also, in a greenhouse pot experiment with ginger plants after the inoculation with _Bacillus subtilis_, improved plant growth, increased biomass, plant length, and leaf area were reported [64]. The local variety responded differently since plants without treatment (no-priming application) performed worse in almost all growth parameters compared to other treatments. The application of biopriming (T3) caused a statistically significant improvement compared to the no-priming (T1) treatment in characteristics, fresh and dry root and stem weight, root length and biomass, improving the response of the local variety at the advanced stage of development. Similar results were presented in a study by [PERSON] et al.