## 6 Conclusions  
This study evaluated the potential generated when a commuter drives a solar EV on an expressway to work and parks it at work. The results showed that the potential of a solar EV was approximately 1.14 kWh for a 1 h drive (average commute time in Gangwon state: 30 min) and 8 h of parking (work and lunch breaks, general shading condition) per day, representing approximately 10.6% of the electricity consumption during driving. Moreover, the solar roof on an EV can be useful as a battery-charging supplement. Furthermore, the generation potential increased by approximately 20% to 1.373 kWh when the parking spaces around the workplace were unshaded. Because insolation is generally higher during working hours (between morning and evening) than during commuting hours (morning or evening) and exposure to the sun is longer, the potential of a solar EV is significantly influenced by the parking time and surrounding environment of the parking lot. Therefore, commuters should consider the shade environment when parking near their workplaces to maximize the charge of their solar EVs.  
The following are considerations to improve the limitations of this study and derive more reliable findings and implications. Uncertainty in meteorological data is one of the most influential factors in predicting PV potential. In this study, TMY data, which represent weather characteristics on an hourly basis, were used to evaluate the potential of solar EVs. However, because EVs are moving, weather characteristics are constantly changing, and in certain cases, the driving time is as short as 1 h. Therefore, weather characteristics should be applied at the subdivision level. On urban roads, the shading characteristics cannot easily be evaluated because of light obstacles, such as streetlights and trees; thus, this study considers the shading environment of parking spaces. If a high-resolution 3D model of urban areas is built in the future, shaded areas when driving on urban roads and expressways would be accurately modeled. In addition, although this study simulated various scenarios, field experiments should be conducted and verified using solar EVs sold in the future.  
From the perspective of a commuter operating a solar EV, the results of this study are expected to provide useful data for evaluating the effectiveness of VIPVs as battery charging supplements in EVs. Furthermore, if the reliability of the results is improved, it can be used as a basis for developing a navigation service that provides PV potential depending on the driving route and time or the optimal solar charging route as shown in Figure 9. Whereas traditional navigation offers drivers the option of the fastest, shortest, or free route, in the future it will be possible to offer options for routes that are suitable for solar charging if they have similar travel times. In addition, high-efficiency perovskite [47] and transparent solar cells [48] that can be attached to vehicle glass have been developed recently. Therefore, it would be interesting to conduct a study to predict the potential of solar EVs using these technologies in the future.  
**Funding:** This work was supported by the (1) Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) funded by the Ministry of Education (2019R11A3A01062541) and (2) a National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) grant funded by the Korean government (MSIT) (RS-2024-00395878).  
**Institutional Review Board Statement:** Not applicable.  
**Informed Consent Statement:** Not applicable.  
**Data Availability Statement:** The original contributions presented in the study are included in the article, further inquiries can be directed to the corresponding author.  
**Conflicts of Interest:** The author declares no conflicts of interest.