## 2 Data Description and Network Partitioning
### Network Partitioning
On the DQF, the high-density area is located on the connecting roads to the cemeteries (subregion 2 in Figure 4b), and the average density of subregion 2 is more than 40 veh/km/lane. The partitioning results are consistent with the spatial distribution of the average density on the network (Figure 3). After partitioning, the MFD on each subregion can be studied. Figures 5-7 show the MFD of each subregion on the WBH, the DQF, and the OW, respectively. In the figures, the red square scatters \(\square\) represent subregion 1, the blue triangle scatters \(\Delta\) represent subregion 2, and the black circles o represent subregion 3. The differences in the MFD of subregions for these days can be concluded as follows. 1. The MFDs on the WBH and the OW are different (Figures 5 and 7). Both days are weekdays, and the network is partitioned into three annular subregions. For subregions 1 and 2, the MFD on the WBH has no congested branch, while the congested branch appears on the MFD of the OW. On the WBH, the average densities of subregions 1 and 2 are much lower than those on the OW, reaching 50 and 37 veh/km/lane, respectively. In addition, the average speeds of all subregions on the WBH are above 16 km/h (\(\square\) and \(\Delta\) in Figure 5b), while on the OW, the average speeds of subregions 1 and 2 decline significantly with the average density, and the minimal speeds are about 5.1 and 9.4 km/h (Figure 7b). On the OW, commuting trips are centralized during peak hours, resulting in congestion in the city center. The trips on the WBH are dispersed on the expressways in the suburb. Therefore, compared to that on the OW, the network average density is reduced on the WBH. 2. On the WBH (Figure 5), traffic states are all in free-flow branch with density less than 28 veh/km/lane, while a congested branch appears on the DQF (\(\Delta\) in Figure 6a), where the average density approaches 50 veh/km/lane in subregion 2. The reason is that cemeteries are located in the west of the city, and a large amount of traffic flow on the DQF is squeezed into the roads to cemeteries in subregion 2. 3. The location and duration of congestion on the DQF are different from those on the OW. On the DQF, only a small number of scatters during 7:00-8:00 are distributed in the congested branches of the MFD, which correspond to the congestion period on the network. The average density increases and speed drops significantly in subregion 2 in a short time, resulting in congestion on the network about one hour. Due to the activities regarding tomb sweeping and ancestor worship on the DQF, the high-density area is localized in the west of the city. On the OW, more scatters during peak hours are distributed on the congested branch (Figure 7a) and the congestion lasts about 2-3 h. The congested areas are located in the central of the city. In summary, due to differences in travel characteristics, the congestion level, location, and duration on the network during the holidays vary dramatically from those on weekdays. Therefore, it is necessary to design proper regional traffic control according to the different characteristics of each subregion on the network during the holidays.