# Combining Gamification and Augmented Reality to Raise Interest in Logistics Careers
## 3 Method  
This research follows a multi-faceted stakeholder approach to identify learnings from the use of an augmented-reality gamified application. In this paper, we used a qualitative method following [PERSON] and [PERSON] [24]. Figure 4 summarizes the methodical approach of this paper. We collected and evaluated data from several perspectives about _Logistify_ in three phases: (1) developing, refining, and analysing game characteristics with focus groups and a semi-structured questionnaire, (2) collecting semi-structured feedback from players and teachers using an online questionnaire, and (3) evaluating game scores achieved by the players in _Logistify_. The remainder of this chapter describes the details regarding each phase. Concerning ethics procedures, we followed the regulation (EU) 2016/679 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 27 April 2016 [51] as well as the rules of good scientific practice, such as the European Code of Conduct for Research Integrity [52], the OECD's Best Practices for Ensuring Scientific Integrity [53], and the European RESPECT Code of Practice [54]. The first phase served to develop, refine, and analyse the application based on two steps. Step 1 comprised the realization of three focus groups with programmers and work  
Figure 4: Methodical approach modified by [PERSON] and [PERSON] [24]. shop instructors. The workshop instructors have professional backgrounds in logistics, research, and pedagogy and regularly conduct one-day workshops including _Logistify_ as a major part of the workshop. Two programmers and four instructors were invited for each of the three focus groups. These focus groups clarified how the app should be developed in terms of design, quality, and, most importantly, verification of feasibility in an interdisciplinary environment. While the instructors provided the expertise regarding logistics careers, the programmers assessed the technical feasibility. To facilitate the availability of _Logistify_ on multiple mobile platforms, the games were developed using the _Unity_ game engine, which provides comprehensive support for multiple platforms. Currently, the app is available on both _iOS_ and _Android_ system in the _Apple App Store_ and _Google Play Store_. The AR framework Vuforia was used to implement marker-based tracking. In theory, the games would also support _ARKit_ and _ARCore_ frameworks for the tracking components, which would likely provide better performance; however, since older smart devices do not always support these frameworks, _Vuforia_ is still used. The second game, \"Transport Chains\", also features a custom modular tracking extension, which allows multiple cards to be assembled in any order, and through AR the accuracy of each card is verified. Step 2 involved the development and analysis of a questionnaire targeted at instructors to document their experiences with players by observing and mentoring them in the workshops. Data from three workshops was collected and was used to uncover potential gaps and areas for improvement, which led to further revisions and adjustments to the app. The questions can be found in Appendix A. The questionnaire consists of four open-ended questions. The answers have been evaluated using inductive thematic analysis [27]. The statements of the workshop leaders were paraphrased and then semantically grouped. From this, superordinate thematic groups are derived and patterns are identified. Phase two comprised collecting feedback from players and teachers after using the _Logistify_ games in a workshop environment. The app was tested in one-day workshops within the framework of school and adult education programs. The aim of these workshops is to bring people closer to logistics, highlight the importance of logistics careers, and raise awareness in the field of sustainable transport alternatives. For the use of the _Logistify_ app, the workshop participants were divided into groups of two, which creates an interactive setting and promotes communication as well as social interaction between the players.