## 3 Methods
### Prototype Development  
The prototype development included two phases. In the first phase, the positioning and orientation sensors were integrated with a tablet camera such that the sensors can detect any change in the position and orientation of the camera. In the second phase, a user interface was created to display information regarding the position and orientation of the camera so that users could monitor the position and orientation of the camera. The following paragraphs explain these phases in detail:  
**Phase 1** To use the tag module for navigating the camera's lens, the simplest way could be attaching the tag module to the backside of the tablet in a fixed condition. To execute this idea, tape holders were used to attach the tag without any degrees of freedom. In this study, since the position and orientation of the tag relative to the tablet camera remained fixed, the position and orientation of the tag and camera lens were assumed to be the same. Figure 10 shows how the tag module was attached to the tablet.  
**Phase 2** To be able to display and monitor the positioning and orientation sensors outputs, a user interface was designed and prototyped (Figure 11). This user interface could collect the data regarding the position and orientation of the sensor tag and visualize that data in the form of dynamic diagrams simultaneously. The programming language Python was used to prototype this user interface, with Microsoft Windows selected as the operating system and Surface [56] selected as the handheld device to run this user interface. These systems were selected due to their compatibility with the sensors. Figure 11 illustrates the created user interface. The user interface included indicators that could display the position and orientation of the camera lens in the room. As shown in Figure 11, on the left side, two positioning indicators were designed. The first one could show the position of the tablet in the room on the X-Y axes. The second one could show the position of the tablet on the Z-axis.  
On the right side, the orientation indicators are shown (Figure 11). The first one is related to the rotation of the tablet around the Z-axis, which is called the head. The second one is related to the rotation of the tablet around the Y-axis, which is called roll. The third one is related to the rotation of the tablet around the X-axis, which is called the pitch. The zero point on indicators occurred when the red point stopped at the center of the indicator. The fourth one is not an indicator. It was designed to illustrate the Cartesian coordinating system axes. This diagram was designed and displayed on the user interface next to indicators to make sure the participants were aware of the room's coordination system during the experiment.  
The user, by moving left and right, and forward and backward, could change the XY indicator; by moving up and down, the Z indicator; and by rotating the tablet, the pitch, roll, and head (i.e., yaw)  
Figure 10: Physical integration of tag and tablet to be used on jobsite.  
indicators. After investigating the reference location and orientation, the user could look at the scene through the user interface screen and click the shutter button to capture a picture.