## 4 Results
### Metallic Mineralization in Light of the Microscopic and EPMA Studies
& 30.17 \\  & maximum content & 39.91 & 4.39 & 1.18 & 0.24 & 0.59 & 1.66 & 31.89 & 0.12 & 32.89 \\  & number of analyses a.d.l. & 59 & 57 & 59 & 59 & 47 & 59 & 59 & 31 & 59 \\ \hline Al-spinels & arithmetic mean & 19.24 & 32.08 & 0.13 & 0.04 & 0.36 & 7.05 & 0.17 & 1.26 & 39.35 \\ \({}^{*}M^{2+}M^{3+}{}_{2}O_{4}\) & standard deviation & 2.99 & 1.06 & 0.03 & 0.02 & 0.37 & 1.43 & 0.17 & 0.64 & 0.90 \\  & geometric mean & 19.01 & 32.07 & 0.13 & 0.04 & 0.25 & 6.91 & 0.09 & 1.09 & 39.34 \\  & median & 18.35 & 32.13 & 0.13 & 0.05 & 0.17 & 7.37 & 0.09 & 1.03 & 39.35 \\  & minimum content & 14.82 & 29.76 & 0.08 & b.d.l. & 0.09 & 4.85 & 0.01 & 0.36 & 37.70 \\  & maximum content & 24.02 & 34.10 & 0.20 & 0.07 & 1.45 & 9.44 & 0.61 & 2.25 & 41.0 Figure 7: Microphotographs of characteristic oxide and sulphide ore mineralization from the Krzemienaka and Udryn Fe-Ti-V deposits. (**A–G**) are reflected-light photomicrographs with crossed nicoles and (**H**) is a backscattered electron (BSE) image. (**A**) typical ilmenite-magnetite ore in the Krzemianska and Udryn deposits. Magnetite with resolution of ulvöspinel, in association with ilmenite (ilm) and Al-spinels (spinel); (**B**) front of ilmenitization process on the border of magnetite (mgt) and ilmenite (ilm) is marked with Al-spinel grains. (**C**) exsolutions of ulvöspinel, ilmenite (ilm), and Al-spinels (spinel) in magnetite (mgt); (**D**) exsolutions of ulvöspinel in magnetite, and ilmenite laths; (**E**) ilmenite with hematite exsolutions; (**F**) typical sulphide (pyrrhotite—po, chalcopyrite—cp) aggregates in magnetite-ilmenite ore; (**G**) the pyrrhotite (po) is gradually replaced from the outer edges towards the center by pyrite (py); (**H**) millerite (mlr) replaces chalcopyrite (cp) in the pseudomorphs of pyrite (py) after pyrrhotite. Ilmenite formed wide lamellae in which Al-spinel nodules forming a palisade structure were observed (Figure 7C). Exsolutions of ulvospinel in magnetite formed two generations of nets, usually occurring at some distance from the ilmenite lamellae (Figure 7D). A characteristic feature of Ti-rich mineralization is the reaction zone between ilmenite and magnetite. It is composed of Al-spinel inserts with magnetite relics that indicate the outline of the primary original magnetite shape (Figure 7B). Fe-Ti oxides have an interstitial habit as a result of subsolidus grain boundary readjustment [23]. The textures of Fe-Ti oxides result from subsolidus re-equilibration [25]. We observed cloth and trellis textures in magnetite. The primary cloth texture of ulvospinel is oxidized to trellis ilmenite lamellae and granules [23; 24]. We also observed Al-spinel fine lenses exsolutions from magnetite and fine granules in ilmenite. The ilmenite grains or aggregates contain resolution intergrowths with hematite, mostly in dispersed mineralizations (Figure 7E). Ilmenite's chemical composition showed an average of 35.4 wt% Fe, 30.6 wt% Ti, and 31.7 wt% O (Table 2). Immentie contained substitutions of Mg (mean = 0.87 wt%, range 0.16-1.66 wt%), Mn (mean = 0.81 wt%), and V (mean = 0.14 wt%), (Figure 9B). Several measurements showed Al contents of a few percentage points in terms of weight, up to a maximum of 4.4 wt% (Table 2). Al-spinels commonly occur with magnetite-ilmenite mineralization. The variability of Al-spinels in terms of the content of Al, Fe, Mg, Cr, Mn, and Zn cations is presented in Figure 10A,B. The chemical composition of Al-spinels ranged from 29.8 to 34.1 wt% Al, 14.8-24.0 wt% Fe, 4.9-9.4 wt% Mg, 0.1-1.5 wt% Cr, 0.4-2.3 wt% Zn and of trace substitutions of Mn and V (Tables 2 and 3, Figures 9C and 10A,B). The most common sulphide was pyrrhotite, coexisting with pentlandite and chalcopyrite (Figures 7F and 11A-H). However, pyrrhotite was predominant among them (ca. 80% of total sulphides), but pentlandite and chalcopyrite contents were similar. These represented the common magmatic sulphides. They formed aggregates that often showed overgrowth of magnetite and ilmenite. Two types of pyrrhotite were recognized [23; 25; 41].