# Leveraging Large Language Models for Enhancing Safety in Maritime Operations
## 7 Future Directions and Recommendations
### Policy and Regulatory Evolution  
As the adoption of artificial intelligence, including Large Language Models, becomes more prevalent in maritime operations, it is anticipated that policy and regulatory frame  
Figure 7: Explainable AI workflow for maritime operations. works will evolve to address the unique challenges and opportunities presented by these technologies [187; 188; 189]. Currently, maritime regulations related to AI use are limited, with existing frameworks not fully encompassing the complexities of AI integration. However, regulatory bodies such as the International Maritime Organization (IMO) are increasingly recognizing the need to establish guidelines and standards for AI applications in the maritime sector. Anticipated changes may include the development of regulations that specifically address the use of AI in navigation, communication, maintenance, and safety management systems [190; 191]. These regulations are likely to focus on ensuring that AI systems used in maritime operations are reliable, are secure, and do not compromise safety. Requirements may be established for the testing and certification of AI technologies, including validation of performance, robustness against cyber threats, and compliance with data protection laws. Additionally, guidelines may stipulate the need for human oversight and the ability to override AI decisions, maintaining the principle that ultimate responsibility rests with human operators [192]. The evolution of policy is also expected to address issues of accountability and liability in the context of AI-assisted decision-making. Clarifying legal responsibilities when AI systems contribute to operational decisions will be crucial in resolving potential disputes and ensuring that appropriate risk management practices are in place [193]. Advocacy for international standards and guidelines is essential to facilitate the harmonization of AI regulations across different jurisdictions. Given the global nature of maritime operations, inconsistencies in regulations can create challenges for compliance and hinder the widespread adoption of beneficial technologies. International collaboration among regulatory bodies, industry stakeholders, and technology developers is necessary to develop cohesive policies that promote safety, innovation, and fair competition. Organizations such as the IMO, along with regional bodies and industry associations, are well positioned to lead efforts in establishing international standards. These standards should encompass best practices for AI implementation, data governance, cybersecurity measures, and ethical considerations such as bias mitigation and transparency [187; 188; 189]. As AI systems become integral to maritime operations, ensuring their security against cyber threats is paramount. Research into robust encryption, anomaly detection, and real-time threat response systems tailored to AI-driven operations is critical. These measures would safeguard sensitive data and ensure the reliability of LLMs in critical scenarios. Stakeholder engagement is critical in the policy development process. Maritime organizations, AI developers, crew representatives, and other interested parties should actively participate in consultations and discussions to ensure that regulations are practical, effective, and reflective of industry needs. This collaborative approach can also foster greater acceptance and adherence to new policies. Furthermore, education and awareness initiatives can support the regulatory evolution by informing stakeholders about the implications of AI integration and the importance of compliance with emerging standards. Training programs, workshops, and dissemination of informational materials can enhance understanding and preparedness across the industry [187; 188; 189]. In conclusion, the anticipated changes in maritime regulations regarding AI use are a necessary response to the transformative potential of these technologies.