## 4 Case Studies
### The Optimization Results of Coordinated Dispatching for an Integrated Energy System  
The population of Jianshan District is about 100,000, and the penetration rate of EVs is taken as 2%, that is, the number of EVs is 2000; the charging coefficient \(a_{rk}^{\min}\) is taken as 0.7, the PMV index is taken as 0.5, the adjustable heating duration \(T^{\prime}\) is taken as 3, the capacity of each tie line is taken as 5 MW, and the equivalent thermal resistance \(D\) is taken as 2. Thus, the optimization of coordinated dispatching for the integrated energy system can be performed. The correlation between the output of renewable energy and the charging power of EVs in each functional area is analyzed, and the results are shown in Table 4.  
It can be seen from Table 4 that the correlation coefficient between the output of renewable energy and the charging power of EVs in each functional area is positive, indicating that the charging \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Time Period** & \
\begin{tabular}{c} **Residential** \\ **Area** \\ \end{tabular} & **Office Area** &
\begin{tabular}{c} **Commercial** \\ **Area** \\ \end{tabular} & **Industrial Area** \\ \hline
8 a.m.–5 p.m. & 0.7411 & 0.6709 & 0.5345 & 0.6548 \\
6 p.m.–9 p.m. & 0.7642 & 0.4455 & 0.5482 & 0.7979 \\
10 p.m.–7 a.m. & 0.6885 & N/A & N/A & 0.7447 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 4: Correlation coefficients between the output of renewable energy and the charging power of EVs in each functional area. Figure 7: Geographical distribution of functional areas in Jianshan District. power of EVs and the output of renewable energy are synchronously changed. The larger the output of renewable energy, the larger the charging power of EVs will become, which provides a larger consumption margin for renewable energy. Thus, the correlation coefficient in the area with rich renewable energy, such as the residential area and the industrial area, is also significantly larger. During 10 p.m.-7 a.m., the correlation coefficient and the output of renewable energy in the industrial area is the largest, but EVs are concentrated in the residential area. In order to increase the consumption rate of the renewable energy in the industrial area during this period, it is possible to reduce the charging price of the industrial area during this period so that more EVs could be charged in this area. During 6 p.m.-9 p.m., EVs are concentrated in the commercial area, but the correlation coefficient is small. This is because the parking time of EVs in this time period is short, and in this short parking time, the owners of EVs prefer to utilize the fast charging mode to meet their charging requirements, rather than responding to dispatching instructions to consume excess renewable energy. Thus, the commercial area should not set too many charging piles, and it is better to transfer this part of the charging demand to other periods or other areas. For analyzing the optimization of electric power and tie line power in a certain scene, the residential area is taken as an example for demonstration, and the result is shown in Figure 8. The equivalent electric loads are the electric loads superimposed with the charging loads of EVs. It can be seen from Figure 8 that since PV power is the major renewable energy in the residential area and the loads of the daytime are low, the renewable energy is excessive in the daytime, and it should be transmitted through three tie lines. There is abandoned WT and PV power at 2 p.m., 4 p.m., and 5 p.m. This is because the three tie lines connected to the residential area have reached the limitation of transmission. Figure 8: The optimization of electric power and tie line power in the residential area. Furthermore, the industrial area is also taken as an example for analyzing the optimization of the cooling power, the heating power, the electric power, and the tie line power, which is shown in Figure 9. The equivalent electrical loads are the electric loads superimposed with the charging loads of EVs.