## 6 Simulation Results
### Optimal Scheduling for Voltage Control
Therefore, a noticeable difference in the hourly power distribution losses is observed in Figure 12, and the differences of the total distribution losses of each case are listed in Table 4. From the viewpoint \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Comparison Method** & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Proposed Method**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Reduction Status**} \\ \hline case2 & case 3 & case 4 & case 3 & case 4 \\ LRT & LRT & LRT & - & - \\ (Substation) & (Substation) & (Substation) & - & - \\ Three SVRs & & Three SVRs & & \\ (nodes 2–7,3–4,4–11) & - & (nodes 2–7,3–4,4–11) & ✓ (three SVRs) & - \\ Fifteen SVCs & & - & - & \\ (all nodes installed) & & - & - & \\ PV output & PV output & PV output & - & - \\ (\(P_{PVin}\)) & (\(P_{PVin},Q_{PVin}\)) & (\(P_{PVin},Q_{PVin}\)) & - & - \\ BESS & BESS & BESS & & \\ (\(P_{L,Binve},Q_{LBinv}\)) & (\(P_{L,Binve},Q_{LBinv}\)) & (\(P_{LBinve},Q_{LBinv}\)) & ✓ (capacity 7 pu) & ✓ (capacity 7 pu) \\ BESS inverter & BESS inverter & BESS inverter & & \\ (\(S_{LB}\) 1.0 pu) & (\(S_{LB}\) 0.8 pu) & (\(S_{LB}\) 0.8 pu) & ✓ (capacity 0.2 pu) & ✓ (capacity 0.2 pu) \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 3: Control device cases and reduction state for each case. of distribution losses, conventional (Case 2) and cooperative (Case 4) controls have been carried out and obtained a similar percentage of loss reduction. The loss reduction rate of Case 3 was comparatively smaller than others, although it can prevent the procurement of additional control devices. The computation result with the scheduling method and computational load are summarized in Table 5. It is confirmed from Table 5 that the proposed method used more computation time compared to the conventional method due to the increase of the scheduling variable and the synchronization of the time step. The proposed scheduling method achieved the required percentage loss reduction, and the determination of the flexible time width of the operation plan brought high accuracy to the conventional scheduling algorithm. However, it is necessary to design the scheduling method by paying attention to the fact that the calculation load due to the variable increase caused an increase in the convergence time. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c} \hline \hline  & **Distribution Loss** \\ \hline Without optimization (Case 1) & 7513 kWh \\ Comparison method (Case 2) & 3743 kWh (\(-\)50.2\%) \\ Proposed method (Case 3) & 4258 kWh (\(-\)43.3\%) \\ Proposed method (Case 4) & 3718 kWh (\(-\)50.5\%) \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 4: Results of distribution losses for each case. Figure 8: Simulation results without optimization (Case 1). (**a**) Voltage profile without control, (**b**) active power flow at the interconnection point and (**c**) reactive power flow at the interconnection point. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c} \hline \hline  & **Comparison Method (Case 2)** & **Proposed Method (Case 3)** & **Proposed Method (Case 4)** \\ \hline SC1 & 1,2,5–24 (h) & 1,6–24 (h) & 1,8–21,24 (h) \\ SC2 & 3–4 (h), & 2–3,4–5 (h) & 2–3,4–5,6–7,22–23 (h) \\ Simulation time & +20 \% & +18 \% & +21 \% \\ Loss reduction & 3.2 \% & 5.1\% & 6.5 \% \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 5: Comparison of the scheduling scheme. Figure 9: Simulation results of the comparison method (Case 2). (**a**) Voltage profile without control, (**b**) active power flow at the interconnection point and (**c**) reactive power flow at the interconnection point. (**d**) Active power output of large BESS. (**e**) Reactive power output of large BESS. (**f**) SOC of large BESS. (**g**) SVC output. (**h**) Tap position of on-load tap changers (OLTCs) (LRT and SVRs). (**i**) Distribution losses of each node over time. Figure 10: Simulation results of the comparison method (Case 3). (**a**) Voltage profile without control, (**b**) active power flow at the interconnection point and (**c**) reactive power flow at the interconnection point. (**d**) Active power output of large BESS. (**e**) Reactive power output of large BESS, (**f**) SOC of large BESS.