## 3 Results
### AutoCAD-Based Network Mapping and Data Integration  
The digitization of the Farsala water distribution network was conducted using AutoCAD, integrating GIS data and field survey inputs. The accuracy of network mapping was validated by overlaying the CAD drawings onto satellite imagery. Figure 3 presents the digitized water network, distribution layout, and infrastructure components. These include nodes represented by small circles, reservoirs (large light blue circles), pumps (purple squares), tanks (light blue squares), SCADA points (light green), PRV valves (purple circles), hydrants (red crosses), air valves (light blue crosses), and isolation valves (red circles). The locations of the reservoir, tanks, and pumps suggest a centralized system, with the network expanding outwards, through the town, towards the periphery. The distribution network appears to be quite dense in the central areas, gradually becoming less dense towards the edges of the town. The water supply network features fire hydrants and various control valves, many of which had been previously unmapped due to missing records. The pumping system is critical for overcoming the elevation differences within Farsala's water supply network. Given the significant variations in surface elevation within Farsala city, pressure regulation is a crucial challenge. A pressure regulation valve (PRV) is mapped and incorporated into the model to manage pressure zones and prevent excessive stress on the aging pipeline infrastructure. The hydraulic model incorporates a detailed representation of the Farsala water distribution network, based on integrated GIS data. The system includes approximately 59.8 km of pipelines, with 709 pressure pipes and 1908 laterals serving as service connections. The network is structured around 472 junctions, and it includes critical operational elements such as 8 hydrants, 5 valves, 1 pressure reducing valve (PRV), and 4 isolation valves. One SCADA element has been integrated for real-time monitoring, while elevation variation among the junctions reaches 15.2 m, influencing pressure distribution and hydraulic behavior. This level of detail supports a robust and realistic simulation of the system's performance. Table 1 presents the key spatial integration parameters. The water distribution network consists of a variety of pressure pipe diameters, with the majority of the system composed of 90 mm pipes, totaling approximately 48,894 m. The pipes of 200 and 315 mm constitute the external network, while the rest belong to the internal one. In addition, the system includes 1908 lateral connections, with a cumulative length of 32,041 m, ensuring service delivery to individual users and properties throughout the network. Table 2 presents the pressure pipe diameters and lateral inventory. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c} \hline \hline
**Parameter** & **Value** \\ \hline Total pipeline length (km) & 59.8 \\ Number of pressure pipes & 709 \\ Number of laterals & 1908 \\ Number of junctions & 472 \\ Hydrants & 8 \\ Valves & 5 \\ PRVs & 1 \\ Isolation valves & 4 \\ SCADA elements & 1 \\ Junction elevation variation (m) & 15.2 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 1: GIS data integration parameters. Figure 3: Digitized water network and distribution layout. The water distribution network comprises a variety of pressure pipe materials. The pipes are mainly made of PVC and HDPE. The total length of all PVC pressure pipes is 34.731 km, of all HDPE pressure pipes--25.044 km. Table 3 presents the pressure pipe inventory by diameter and material. The network is typically designed in a hierarchical order, with an integrated layout of main transmission pipelines that branch into secondary lines. Higher-pressure sources (e.g., reservoirs or pump stations) supply water to areas with lower pressure demands. As water moves further from its source, pressure naturally decreases, so the system is engineered to adjust for this change.