# A Survey on an Energy-Efficient and Energy-Balanced Routing Protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks
## 2 Related Work
Subsequently, we classified these routing algorithms based on the solution types or algorithms, and design decision variables used in the algorithms. We envisage that this survey will help researchers and practitioners to make a decision on the right routing protocol in order to optimize the energy usage based on their application requirements and network formulations. Additionally, the paper can provide direction for new researchers in this field. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{p{42.7 pt} p{113.8 pt} p{113.8 pt}} \hline
**Year** & **Survey Paper** & **Contributions** \\ \hline
2002 & [30; 31] & \begin{tabular}{l} \\ \end{tabular} & \begin{tabular}{l} Discussed the potential applications and factors affecting the design of WSNs. \\ \end{tabular} \\  & & \
\begin{tabular}{l} \\ \end{tabular} &
\begin{tabular}{l} Outlined the communication architecture for WSNs. \\ \end{tabular} \\ \hline
2004 & [11] & \begin{tabular}{l} \\ \end{tabular} & \begin{tabular}{l} Analysed the difficulties in designing a routing protocol for WSNs. \\ \end{tabular} \\  & & \begin{tabular}{l} Classified routing strategies into flat, hierarchical, and location-based routing. \\ \end{tabular} \\  & & \
\begin{tabular}{l} Defined some metrics such as negotiation-based, QoS-based, multipath-based to classify routing protocols. \\ \end{tabular} \\  & &
\begin{tabular}{l} Compared the different routing protocols for WSNs, stating their strengths and weaknesses. \\ \end{tabular} \\ \hline
2005 & [32] & \
\begin{tabular}{l} Provided a general survey on routing protocols for WSNs. \\ \end{tabular} \\  & &
\begin{tabular}{l} Classified routing protocols into data-centric, hierarchical, and location-based. \\ \end{tabular} \\ \hline
2006 & [12] & \begin{tabular}{l} Discussed the challenges and logic in developing a clustering algorithm for WSNs. \\ \end{tabular} \\  & & \
\begin{tabular}{l} Discussed the problems that face the practical design of clustering routing techniques for WSN applications. \\ \end{tabular} \\  & &
\begin{tabular}{l} Classified clustering routing algorithms for WSNs based on the clustering objectives and design principles. \\ \end{tabular} \\ \hline
2007 & [13] & \begin{tabular}{l} Introduced a taxonomy to classify clustering routing protocol. \\ \end{tabular} \\  & & \
\begin{tabular}{l} Discussed the strengths and weaknesses of different clustering routing algorithms. \\ \end{tabular} \\  & &
\begin{tabular}{l} Compared different clustering techniques using some measures such as cluster stability, location-awareness, convergence rate. \\ \end{tabular} \\ \hline
2008 & [33] & \begin{tabular}{l} Provided an overview of different WSN applications. \\ \end{tabular} \\  & & \
\begin{tabular}{l} Classified the challenges in WSNs into three categories. \\ \end{tabular} \\  & &
\begin{tabular}{l} Presented the main research development in the mentioned categories. \\ \end{tabular} \\ \hline
2009 & [34] & \begin{tabular}{l} Provided a survey on energy consumed by SN hardware components. \\ \end{tabular} \\  & & \begin{tabular}{l} Divided SN’s hardware into four main components. \\ \end{tabular} \\  & & \
\begin{tabular}{l} Classified the energy saving schemes for WSNs into duty-cycling, data-driven, and mobility-based. \\ \end{tabular} \\  & &
\begin{tabular}{l} Elaborated on the importance of conserving energy consumed by SN hardware components. \\ \end{tabular} \\ \hline
2010 & [38] &
\begin{tabular}{l} Discussed and compared different energy-efficient hierarchical cluster-based routing protocols for WSNs. \\ \end{tabular} \\ \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 1: Summary of related works.