## 5 Conclusions  
Climate change poses a significant challenge that we will need to address in the coming years, particularly for highly vulnerable activities such as agriculture. To ensure effective resource management in response to these challenges, it is essential to have precise local-level information to guide decision-making [13]. In this context, our work provides several key conclusions:  
* Satellite-derived LST data, in this case from MSG, prove to be a useful and reliable tool for monitoring frost events;
* In the Valencian Community, there has been a decrease in frost occurrences over the past decade, particularly with regard to intense frost events;
* Citrus cultivation areas seem to be increasingly less exposed to frost risk in the study area, even at higher elevations above sea level. The demonstrated decrease in the intensity and frequency of frost events can be beneficial for the region's citrus growers as it reduces the likelihood of plant damage and subsequent economic losses. Additionally, it lowers the costs associated with frost prevention and mitigation efforts, such as irrigation expenses [3], also allowing for water conservation, a resource that is becoming increasingly scarce in the context of climate change. Considering this downward trend and recognizing that citrus crops are also threatened by excessively high temperatures, we recommend using the maps produced in this study to assess potential new sites for citrus cultivation that were previously too risky due to frost exposure. A similar approach was employed by [PERSON] et al. [22] for a region in Iran. Growing citrus fruits at higher elevations could help mitigate risks from heat waves, severe aridity, flooding, and excessive salinity, which are becoming more prevalent in this region due to global warming. These conditions, especially when combined, can severely influence plant health, leading to reduced productivity and fruit quality [8]. Furthermore, it has been demonstrated that higher altitudes and high soil moisture content are among the factors that mitigate the risk of frost, as they increase the plant's resistance [18; 42]. Nonetheless, it is always advisable to consider various perspectives during the decision-making process [46], such as those of local farmers who are among the best experts on regional challenges [47]. Moreover, factors beyond altitude, such as slope, wind, and relative humidity, should also be taken into account. The methodology proposed in this work could also be applied to assess damage levels for insurance purposes, similar to the approach used by [PERSON] et al. [48] in China and [PERSON] et al. [49] in the province of Alicante (Spain). This is an effective strategy for protecting agricultural economies from adverse climatic events like frosts [31]. Additionally, it could be valuable for future studies in other regions, such as in the development of risk maps, or for different economically significant crops prone to frost damage, such as wine grapes [50]. The conceptualization, project administration, and funding acquisition were spearheaded by J.A.S., while [PERSON] and [PERSON] handled data curation and methodology. The initial drafting of the manuscript was collaboratively conducted by [PERSON], [PERSON] and [PERSON]. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript. This research was funded by the European Union and the Government of the Valencian Community, which co-financed the project \"Estimacion de Indicadores Medioambientales en la Comunidad VALENciana usando datos de SATelite (VALENSAT)\", under the INVESTIGO 2022 funding plan (INVEST/2022/411). The Government of the Valencian Community also funded the project \"Indicadores medioambientales y fenomenos adversoso en la Comunidad Valenciana usando datos de satelite,\" under the PROMETEO 2023 funding plan (CIPROM/2023/42). Additionally, it received funding from the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation through the PID2020-112494 RB-100 IPL-LSTM project.