## 4 Results
\(x_{i}\)--represents each individual value in the dataset. \[\sigma=\sqrt{\frac{\sum_{i-1}^{n}\left(x_{i}-\overline{x}\right)^{2}}{n}} \tag{2}\]  
where:  
\(\sigma\)--is the standard deviation. \(n\)--is the number of values in the dataset. \(x_{i}\)--represents each individual value in the dataset. \(\overline{x}\)--is the mean of the values. As depicted in Table 3, the initial comparison involved tempered borosilicate glass and tempered glass with a PI layer as the first set of print beds analyzed. Each measurement, as evident, underwent twelve repetitions, focusing on determining the maximum force required to detach the PETG model from the print bed. Notably, each print bed surface required distinct print settings for the initial layer and subsequent layers. This process presented challenges, particularly with certain materials, resulting in a considerable number of defective models. As evident from twelve separate measurements comparing the borosilicate layer with the PI layer, their parameters exhibit a high degree of similarity. The measurements show no significantly disparate values that would substantially distort the outcome. The chart visible in Figure 5 highlights the similar adhesive properties of these two surfaces concerning the PETG material. The second series of measurements proceeded under the same conditions as in the first instance. The sole alteration was, of course, the change in the used print beds, assuming an alteration in adhesive properties. Given the highly similar results observed in the initial case, an extreme change in one of the print beds was chosen for device functionality verification. As depicted in Table 4, the comparison involves an evaluation of the adhesive properties between the currently most widely used print bed surface, PEI, and a  
Figure 5: Comparison of maximum forces when detaching the bed with PI and borosilicate coatings. substantially decreased aluminum plate. The latter was selected due to the anticipation of a pronounced difference in the measured outcomes. The significance of the monitored data is demonstrated through the outcomes visualized in Figure 6. The primary objective was to showcase the applicability and effectiveness of the device in evaluating a print bed characterized by notably adverse adhesive properties for the PETG material. This endeavor aimed to provide a clear depiction of how the prototype device functioned when assessing challenging print surfaces. The chart in Figure 6 serves as a compelling visual representation, delineating a tangible contrast between the adhesive behavior of the PEI surface and the clean aluminum plate. This stark difference between these two distinct surfaces accentuates the device's capability to discern and measure the dissimilar adhesion attributes across varying print bed materials. By employing the prototype device for such evaluations, the outcomes unequivocally delineate the divergence in adhesion performance between these surfaces. The evident disparity validates the effectiveness of the measurements conducted using the prototype device, underscoring its potential to discern minute differences in adhesive properties even in situations where the print surface exhibits particularly challenging or adverse adhesion characteristics for PETG material. This successful demonstration underscores the pivotal role of the prototype device in comprehensively evaluating adhesion dynamics across a spectrum of print bed materials, from which, in this case, the maximum force upon detachment of the model from the print bed is depicted. This insight provides valuable information for optimizing 3D printing processes and considering material compatibility. It is important to emphasize that the measurements excluded what could be termed as significant errors resulting from incorrect settings of the initial printing layer. If there were visible signs of warping, insufficient adhesion to the print bed, or within the layers either during or after printing the models, the measurement would have been deemed irrelevant.