# A Review of Air Pollution Monitoring Technology for Ports
###### Abstract
Short-term or long-term exposure to PM and NO\({}_{2}\) will greatly affect cardiovascular mortality and the incidence of coronary artery disease, while long-term exposure to SO\({}_{2}\) has been shown to be closely related to respiratory mortality [17]. The detailed health effects of these pollutants are shown in Table 2.  
With the rapid development of shipping and global trade, air pollution from shipping and ports may cause extensive health burdens on surrounding residents. In order to reduce the health burden caused by port air pollution, IMO implemented more stringent emission control measures in 2012, which have reduced the impact of port air pollution to a certain extent. However, despite the corresponding emission control measures, the pollution emissions of the shipping industry as a whole are likely to increase as the demand for global trade and shipping increases (by 50% by 2050) [18]. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c} \hline \hline
**Name of Port** & **Cargo Throughput** & **Growth Rate** \\ \hline Ningbo Zhoushan Port & 1224.05 million tons & 4.4\% \\ \hline Shanghai Port & 769.7 million tons & 8.2\% \\ \hline Tangshan Port & 722.4 million tons & 2.8\% \\ \hline Qingdao Port & 630.29 million tons & 4.3\% \\ \hline Guangzhou Port & 623.67 million tons & 1.8\% \\ \hline Singapore Port & 599.64 million tons & 1.5\% \\ \hline Suzhou Port & 565.90 million tons & 2.1\% \\ \hline Port Hedland & 553.27 million tons & 1.1\% \\ \hline Rizhao Port & 541.17 million tons & 9.1\% \\ \hline Tianjin Port & 529.54 million tons & 5.3\% \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 1: Top 10 Ports in the World in 2022 (Based on Cargo Throughput). To protect people's health and living environment, the management of air pollution cannot be delayed. The management of air pollutant emissions cannot be separated from air pollutant monitoring, which is the basis of all air pollutant management work. There are various types of air pollution in ports, and if they are to be treated, it is necessary to determine the type and amounts of pollutants through air monitoring so that targeted treatment measures can be taken for air pollutants. In turn, air pollutant monitoring is inseparable from monitoring equipment, which is a necessary means to obtain information on air pollutants. Generally, air pollution conditions are monitored by conventional air pollution monitoring systems equipped with stationary monitors. These monitoring stations are highly reliable, accurate, and capable of measuring a wide range of pollutants using conventional analytical methods [19]. With the development of the times, the monitoring technology for port air pollution is constantly updated and evolving toward intelligence. Information communication, i.e., ubiquitous sensor networks, cyber-physics, and embedded systems, provide a new approach to the development and application of environmental monitoring [20], and various new types of air monitoring systems are constantly being updated. In this paper, we review various methods of air pollutant detection and the current research status of various types of monitoring equipment, focusing on the air pollutant monitoring equipment applicable to the port environment and the characteristics of these equipment, and make predictions on the future development trend with the research progress of air pollutant monitoring equipment.