# Study on Airflow Field Distribution and Dust Distribution Characteristics at Blast Piles
## 1 Introduction
Comprehending the migration, diffusion, and distribution patterns of dust in open-pit mines is crucial for precise dust pollution prevention and control. Accurate forecasting of dust concentration trends further guides the direction of targeted dust mitigation efforts. Early research on dust dispersion in open-pit mines began with wind tunnel experiments, gradually evolving to incorporate field monitoring and numerical simulations, and now  
Figure 1: Statistics of occupational diseases from 2012 to 2021.  
utilizing cutting-edge techniques like programming, neural networks, and random forest models [22; 23]. [PERSON] et al. [24], through wind tunnel investigations and simulation experiments on coal pile dust emissions and sediment distribution, demonstrated that turbulence and complex terrain significantly impact dust dispersion and deposition. [PERSON] et al. [25] employed EDX (Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy) analysis to determine the composition and physicochemical characteristics of dust particles, enabling the precise identification of dust sources for targeted control. [PERSON] et al. [26] observed dust generated after blasting in open-pit mines and established a numerical model based on the data, validating the influence of boundary layers on particle movement. [PERSON] et al. [27] simulated, using Fluent, the distribution pattern of dust concentrations in open-pit mines under varying boundary conditions, revealing an initial increase and subsequent decrease in dust concentration with increasing drilling distance. [PERSON] et al. [28] conducted theoretical analyses and field tests on the distribution of road dust during vehicle transportation, revealing that dust concentrations remain relatively stable at the same horizontal distance from the road centerline, indicating continuous dust emissions above the road surface. In summary, scholars worldwide have conducted extensive research on dust generation, diffusion, prediction, and prevention during various mining processes such as drilling, blasting, shoveling, and transportation in open-pit mines, yielding rich research outcomes. However, there is still a paucity of studies on the secondary dust re-suspension from blast piles formed after blasting operations in open-pit mines. Little is known about the size, quantity, and escape locations of dust particles escaping from mining areas. Given that dust re-suspension from blast piles not only contaminates the atmospheric environment but also poses a long-term risk of pneumoconiosis for workers exposed to dust-laden environments, it is imperative to systematically investigate the migration and distribution patterns of dust at blast piles. This research can provide a theoretical basis for precise dust control at blast piles, improving the environmental conditions in open-pit mines and reducing the incidence of pneumoconiosis. This paper aims to investigate the migration characteristics of dust at blast piles in open-pit mines, focusing specifically on the influence of external disturbances. To achieve this, we have conducted a comprehensive study that integrates field sampling, laboratory testing, and numerical simulations. In the study, the particle size distribution of blasting dust was obtained through field sampling, and numerical simulation was used to analyze the migration distribution rule of blasting dust under different wind speeds, different wind directions, and different shovel conditions. By systematically analyzing the dynamic migration behavior of dust on the surface and within the blast piles under the dual effects of wind and shoveling, we aim to contribute significantly to improving the environmental quality of mining areas and reducing occupational health risks.