## 4 Consequences and Discussion
### Experimental Results on the MaF Test Functions
** \\ \hline \multirow{6}{*}{MaF1} & CMGBO & 1.08 \(\times\) 10\({}^{-2}\) & 1.72 \(\times\) 10\({}^{-2}\) & 1.29 \(\times\) 10\({}^{-2}\) & 1.32 \(\times\) 10\({}^{-2}\) & **1.20 \(\times\) 10\({}^{-3}\)** \\  & CMPSO & **8.88 \(\times\) 10\({}^{-3}\)** & **1.34 \(\times\) 10\({}^{-2}\)** & **1.03 \(\times\) 10\({}^{-2}\)** & **1.06 \(\times\) 10\({}^{-2}\)** & 1.26 \(\times\) 10\({}^{-3}\) \\  & CMODE & 5.05 \(\times\) 10\({}^{-2}\) & 7.54 \(\times\) 10\({}^{-2}\) & 6.48 \(\times\) 10\({}^{-2}\) & 6.42 \(\times\) 10\({}^{-2}\) & 5.87 \(\times\) 10\({}^{-3}\) \\ \cline{2-6}  & MOCLPSO & 3.32 \(\times\) 10\({}^{-2}\) & 5.62 \(\times\) 10\({}^{-2}\) & 4.48 \(\times\) 10\({}^{-2}\) & 4.52 \(\times\) 10\({}^{-2}\) & 5.49 \(\times\) 10\({}^{-3}\) \\ \cline{2-6}  & MOEA/D-DE & 2.28 \(\times\) 10\({}^{-2}\) & 3.48 \(\times\) 10\({}^{-2}\) & 2.65 \(\times\) 10\({}^{-2}\) & 2.76 \(\times\) 10\({}^{-2}\) & 3.11 \(\times\) 10\({}^{-3}\) \\ \hline \multirow{6}{*}{MaF2} & CMGBO & 2.29 \(\times\) 10\({}^{-2}\) & 3.20 \(\times\) 10\({}^{-2}\) & 2.63 \(\times\) 10\({}^{-2}\) & 2.68 \(\times\) 10\({}^{-2}\) & **2.27 \(\times\) 10\({}^{-3}\)** \\  & CMPSO & **1.34 \(\times\) 10\({}^{-1}\)** & **2.43 \(\times\) 10\({}^{-1}\)** & **1.68 \(\times\) 10\({}^{-1}\)** & **1.69 \(\times\) 10\({}^{-1}\)** & 2.49 \(\times\) 10\({}^{-2}\) \\  & CMODE & 7.59 \(\times\) 10\({}^{-1}\) & 9.96 \(\times\) 10\({}^{-1}\) & 9.02 \(\times\) 10\({}^{-1}\) & 8.87 \(\times\) 10\({}^{-1}\) & 6.45 \(\times\) 10\({}^{-2}\) \\ \cline{2-6}  & MOCLPSO & 5.36 \(\times\) 10\({}^{-1}\) & 9.61 \(\times\) 10\({}^{-1}\) & 7.44 \(\times\) 10\({}^{-1}\) & 7.56 \(\times\) 10\({}^{-1}\) & 9.22 \(\times\) 10\({}^{-2}\) \\ \cline{2-6}  & MOEA/D-DE & 3.11 \(\times\) 10\({}^{-1}\) & 5.39 \(\times\) 10\({}^{-1}\) & 4.32 \(\times\) 10\({}^{-1}\) & 4.27 \(\times\) 10\({}^{-1}\) & 6.21 \(\times\) 10\({}^{-2}\) \\ \hline \multirow{6}{*}{MaF3} & CMGBO & **4.91 \(\times\) 10\({}^{-2}\)** & **4.67 \(\times\) 10\({}^{-3}\)** & **1.17 \(\times\) 10\({}^{-3}\)** & **1.64 \(\times\) 10\({}^{-3}\)** & 1.54 \(\times\) 10\({}^{-3}\) \\  & CMPSO & 1.15 \(\times\) 10\({}^{-3}\) & 3.37 \(\times\) 10\({}^{-4}\) & 6.83 \(\times\) 10\({}^{-3}\) & 9.82 \(\times\) 10\({}^{-3}\) & 8.67 \(\times\) 10\({}^{-3}\) \\  & CMODE & 3.23 \(\times\) 10\({}^{-3}\) & 8.00 \(\times\) 10\({}^{-3}\) & 5.98 \(\times\) 10\({}^{-3}\) & 5.86 \(\times\) 10\({}^{-3}\) & 1.17 \(\times\) 10\({}^{-3}\) \\ \cline{2-6}  & MOCLPSO & 1.86 \(\times\) 10\({}^{-2}\) & 4.75 \(\times\) 10\({}^{-3}\) & 2.98 \(\times\) 10\({}^{-3}\) & 2.96 \(\times\) 10\({}^{-3}\) & **1.11 \(\times\) 10\({}^{-3}\)** \\ \cline{2-6}  & MOEA/D-DE & 2.42 \(\times\) 10\({}^{-2}\) & 1.05 \(\times\) 10\({}^{-4}\) & 3.03 \(\times\) 10\({}^{-3}\) & 3.41 \(\times\) 10\({}^{-3}\) & 2.36 \(\times\) 10\({}^{-3}\) \\ \hline \multirow{6}{*}{MaF4} & CMGBO & **6.94 \(\times\) 10\({}^{-2}\)** & **6.32 \(\times\) 10\({}^{-1}\)** & **1.12 \(\times\) 10\({}^{-1}\)** & **1.92 \(\times\) 10\({}^{-1}\)** & 1.97 \(\times\) 10\({}^{-1}\) \\  & CMPSO & 1.92 \(\times\) 10\({}^{-1}\) & 6.65 \(\times\) 10\({}^{-1}\) & 3.41 \(\times\) 10\({}^{-1}\) & 3.54 \(\times\) 10\({}^{-1}\) & **1.07 \(\times\) 10\({}^{-1}\)** \\  & CMODE & 3.00 \(\times\) 10\({}^{-1}\) & 1.10 \(\times\) 10\({}^{-2}\) & 8.15 \(\times\) 10\({}^{-1}\) & 7.67 \(\times\) 10\({}^{-1}\) & 2.64 \(\times\) 10\({}^{-1}\) \\ \cline{2-6}  & MOCLPSO & 8.34 \(\times\) 10\({}^{0}\) & 7.94 \(\times\) 10\({}^{-1}\) & 6.00 \(\times\) 10\({}^{-1}\) & 5.39 \(\times\) 10\({}^{-1}\) & 1.83 \(\times\) 10\({}^{-1}\) \\ \cline{2-6}  & MOEA/D-DE & 7.07 \(\times\) 10\({}^{0}\) & 6.57 \(\times\) 10\({}^{+1}\) & 2.82 \(\times\) 10\({}^{+1}\) & 2.88 \(\times\) 10\({}^{+1}\) & 1.21 \(\times\) 10\({}^{+1}\) \\ \hline \multirow{6}{*}{MaF5} & CMGBO & **3.64 \(\times\) 10\({}^{-2}\)** & **5.48 \(\times\) 10\({}^{-2}\)** & **4.23 \(\times\) 10\({}^{-2}\)** & **4.33 \(\times\) 10\({}^{-2}\)** & **4.17 \(\times\) 10\({}^{-3}\)** \\  & CMPSO & 5.60 \(\times\) 10\({}^{-2}  
Figure 8: Cont.