## 1 Introduction  
The ionosphere is the region of the atmosphere constituted by the presence of ions and free electrons. It extends mainly between 60 km and 1000 km [1]above the Earth's surface, and solar radiation is its principal ionization agent [2]. Through Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) measurements, the total electron content (TEC) can be calculated. TEC is defined as the integrated electron density along the signal path from the satellite to the GNSS receiver [3]. This can be dynamically perturbed by external influences, such as solar activity and geomagnetic storms, among others; and by internal influences, such as thunderstorms, earthquakes, etc. [4]. Regarding internal influences, thunderstorms, and convective systems can generate wave structures in the ionospheric plasma [3; 5; 6]. These structures, known as atmospheric gravity waves (AGWs), have been related to electromagnetic pulses during thunderstorms [7], and they can also be detected by GNSS measurements [8]. Overshooting top, lightning, or a combination of both can generate gravity waves [3; 9]. Transient Luminous Events (TLEs) and discharges originating in the stratiform region could be a source of these waves [10; 11]. AGWs can propagate vertically upwards and transfer energy and momentum to the ionosphere [1]. As they ascend, they can become unstable and break up, generating secondary waves [12]. These secondary waves on their journey modulate the ionospheric plasma in the E region [12]. [PERSON] and [PERSON] 2009 [13] analyzed the response of the thermosphere and ionosphere to the dissipation of gravity waves excited by a deep convective plume. Small- and medium-scale AGWs which reach the thermosphere dissipate at altitudes around 200 km in a direction opposite to the background wind. This localized momentum deposition generates horizontal thermospheric body forces, with large sizes and amplitudes that create large-scale secondary AGWs and large-scale traveling ionospheric disturbances (LSTIDs) that propagate globally away from the body force in all directions--except the direction perpendicular to the force direction. For the convective plume studied in [13], the secondary AGWs have horizontal wavelengths of 2100-2200 km, periods of 80 min, and total electron content perturbations as large as 8%. [PERSON] et al. 2022 [14] suggested that medium-scale nocturnal ionospheric traveling disturbances (MSTID) in mid-latitudes have a specific alignment and direction of propagation that varies from hemisphere to hemisphere. In the northern hemisphere, they propagate in a NW-SE direction, while, in the southern hemisphere, they propagate NE-SW. It is proposed that these ionospheric disturbances are generated through an electrodynamics coupling of the Perkins instability. This instability is enhanced by acoustic gravity wave forcing. Therefore, considering these investigations and continuing with the research carried out by [15], we propose to study the ionospheric variations generated by thunderstorms that developed in central Argentina, focusing on the amplitude and periodicity of AGWs and their horizontal range with respect to the center of the storms. In [15], AGWs with periodicities between 25 and 30 min and peak-to-peak amplitudes greater than 0.3 TECU were found. In addition, waves with periodicities less than 4 min and peak-to-peak amplitudes around 0.1 TECU, known as acoustic waves, were also detected. Both were observed in the central region of Argentina. The northern-central region of Argentina is a zone with a high frequency (on a global scale) of severe weather reports, such as hail, flooding, tornadoes, and strong wind gusts [16; 17; 18]. On 22 November 2018, accumulated precipitation exceeding 200 mm was recorded in northern Argentina and Paraguay, caused by a mesoscale convective system [19]. Hailstones of 4 cm have also been recorded over the province of Mendoza [20] and greater than 15 cm in Villa Carlos Paz, province of Cordoba, Argentina [21; 22].