## Results
### The Winter BKS Air Temperature Associated with the BKS Winter Precipitation  
Figure 8 shows the correlation coefficient between the meridional 850 hpa water vapor of BKS in winter (the black area in Figure 7 at 20\({}^{\circ}\) E-60\({}^{\circ}\) E and 72\({}^{\circ}\) N-84\({}^{\circ}\) N) and the winter air temperature at two meters in the northern hemisphere. When BKS meridional water vapor increased, the air temperature in the said seas increased, leading to the melting of the BKS sea ice. According to previous research on the arctic precipitation, increases therein are mainly caused by two factors, one being the melting sea ice of the Arctic and the other being the water vapor transport from the middle-low latitudes [35]. Thus, we calculated the winter air temperature and potential evaporation rate anomalies in the BKS from 1988 to 2017. Figure 9a shows the relationship between air temperature and precipitation in said sea (near 20\({}^{\circ}\) E-60\({}^{\circ}\) E, 70\({}^{\circ}\) N-82\({}^{\circ}\) N) with a correlation coefficient of 0.55 ***. Figure 9b shows the relationship between the air temperature and potential evaporation rate in the BKS. The correlation coefficient between them was 0.89 ***. Such a high correlation indicated that as the air temperature increased, so did the local precipitation and sea ice evaporation in the BKS. Figure 8: The correlation coefficient between the meridional 850 hpa water vapor of BKS in winter and the winter air temperature at 2 m in the northern hemisphere. The colored regions passed the t test with a confidence level of 90%. All the data have been de-trended. Figure 7: (**a**) Correlation coefficient distribution between the winter meridional water vapor transport in the northern hemisphere at 850 pha and autumn eastern Siberian Sea ice extent; (**b**) The Norway–Barents-centered SLP in winter; (**c**) The Norway–Barents-centered 500 hpa geopotential height in winter. The colored regions passed the t test with a confidence level of 90%. All the data have been de-trended. [PERSON] stated that most of the arctic precipitation was caused by water vapor transport in the middle and low latitudes, but as the Arctic warmed, the impact of water vapor transport would become smaller and smaller [17]. To further explore the effect of the winter BKS air temperature on the winter BKS precipitation, we estimated the outgoing long-wave radiation (OLR) anomalies in the low sea ice index years (Figure 10a) and the OLR anomalies in the high sea ice index years (Figure 10b). The black area passed the t test at 90% confidence. OLR reflects the strength of convective activity and is related to sea surface temperature and cloud cover. In the previous paragraph, we found that a southerly wind existed in the Atlantic that brought warm Atlantic air into the BKS. This may have been one of the factors contributing to the increase in evaporation and temperature in the BKS. As can be seen from Figure 10, both the high- and low-sea ice index years, OLR anomalies were concentrated in the BKS. In the low sea ice index years, OLR showed positive anomalies near the Barents Sea, indicating that the convective activity was enhanced and led to increased water vapor convergence, which was conducive to the local precipitation. In low sea ice index years, the distribution of OLR was reversed. In the Barents Sea, the OLR presented a negative anomaly, and the convection was suppressed, which was not conducive to evaporation and local precipitation. These results further indicate that the evaporation of arctic sea ice will lead to an increase in precipitation in that ocean. Our analysis showed the following observations: a decrease in autumn eastern Siberian Sea (ESS) sea ice extent was followed by an increase in the winter geopotential height (GPH) over the Barents-Norway seas; this was accompanied by an intensification of southerly meridional winds and increased water-vapor transport into the Atlantic sector of the Arctic.