esa-sceva/satcom-chunk-collection huggingface dataset:
# EHANet: An Effective Hierarchical Aggregation Network for Face Parsing
## 5 Results and Discussion
### Ablation Study
#### 5.3.2 Ablation Studies on Each Component  
We use the feature pyramid network (FPN) [8] equipped with ReNet18 backbone as the baseline, which restores the input size by bilinear up-sampling on the P2 layer, resulting in a mIoU of 71.02%. In the experiment, the effect was observed by gradually replacing the lateral connection layer and convolution fusion layer in the FPN with the stage contextual attention mechanism module and semantic gap compensation block, and adding other components. We report the quantitative comparison results in Table 4. On the one hand, the stage contextual attention mechanism module can provide rich context, and the semantic gap compensation block reduces the gap between semantics. Adding these two modules improves the performance by 0.37% and 0.49%, respectively. On the other hand, the boundary-aware module explicitly introduces boundary features into the latent space of features, and strengthens the ability to represent boundary details, which greatly improves the performance of our model by 0.54%. The square dashed box in Figure 2 provides an intuitive comparison of whether to add a boundary-aware branch. When we further introducing weighted boundary-aware loss, we obtain the optimal result, a mIoU of 73%. The latter two illustrate the effect of boundary processing on improving performance. Figure 7 shows the qualitative comparison results, where our model gets more consistent results for objects of the same category and keeps more detailed information, benefiting from our proposed components.  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{l c} \hline \hline
**Methods** & **mIoU (\%)** \\ \hline baseline & 71.02 \\ baseline + SCAM & 71.39 \\ baseline + SCAM + SGCB & 71.88 \\ baseline + SCAM + SGCB + BA & 72.34 \\ baseline + SCAM + SGCB + BA + WBA loss (ours) & **73.00** \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}
Table 4: Ablation experiments of EHANet on CelebAMask-HQ validation set. “SCAM” denotes stage contextual attention mechanism module, “SGCB” denotes semantic gap compensation block, “BA” denotes boundary-aware branch, “WBA loss” denotes weighted boundary-aware loss.  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c} \hline \hline
**WBA Loss** & \(\alpha\) & **mIoU (\%)** \\ \hline ✗ & - & 72.34 \\ ✓ & 30 & 72.71 \\ ✓ & 50 & **73.00** \\ ✓ & 70 & 72.83 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}
Table 3: Performance comparison with and without weighted boundary-aware loss.
## Appendix F Assessment of Expert-Derived Correlations  
To assess the reliability of expert-derived correlations, we conducted a comparative analysis of synthetic data generated using inputs from the following:  
* Clinical Expert A alone,
* Clinical Expert B alone,
* The combined average of both.  
Table 14 shows that the performance of expert-derived correlations varied across scenarios. In the Normal population, Expert A clearly outperformed Expert B across all metrics (e.g., RMSE: 0.216 vs. 0.387; R\({}^{2}\): 0.404 vs. \(-\)0.906), yet the combined average yielded even better results (RMSE: 0.203; R\({}^{2}\): 0.475). In the Cardiac scenario, Expert B performed better than Expert A (RMSE: 0.159 vs. 0.211), but again, the combined average improved further (RMSE: 0.141; R\({}^{2}\): 0.219). For the low-dimension setting, Expert B showed the bestInter-Rater Agreement in Expert-Derived Correlation Estimation  
To evaluate the consistency between two clinical experts in estimating the correlation structures used for synthetic data generation, we assessed both the Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC) and the Concordance Correlation Coefficient (CCC) across two reference datasets (NHANES and Framingham). We selected the ICC from a two-way random-effects model for average ratings, which reflects the reliability of using the average of both experts' estimates. Table A5 shows that the inter-rater agreement was excellent in the NHANES dataset (ICC = 0.892; CCC = 0.804) and moderate in Framingham (ICC = 0.589; CCC = 0.409). Despite variation in individual expert accuracy, the averaged correlations consistently delivered the best overall synthetic data quality. The strong agreement in NHANES justifies this averaging approach, while the moderate agreement in Framingham suggests that averaging still helps mitigate expert variability and enhances model reliability.
## 3 Numerical Simulation and Results Analysis
### Setting of the Numerical Calculation  
The rotating coordinate system was adopted for the impeller region and a stationary coordinate system was adopted for the diffuser, inlet, and outlet region. We used a dynamic-static interface for data transmission between the dynamic and static surfaces. The residual of convergence was set to 0.00001. In the progress of numerical calculation, the monitoring window was opened to observe the residual variation of the variables, the pressure of the inlet and outlet, and the torque. The calculation ended when the calculated residual was lower than the residual set before calculation, or the monitoring value was stable and did not change with the calculated step size of 10,000 steps.
# Ground-Borne Vibration Model in the near Field of Tunnel Blasting
## 4 Vibration near Blasting Area
### Comparison of Prediction Results between Sadovsky Formula and New Approach
Moreover, the regression error of the vibration velocity predicted by the new approach is 13.6%, 11.8%, and 16.9% lower than that predicted by the traditional Sadovsky formula in three directions. This proves that the vibration law in the near field of blasting predicted by the new approach is more consistent with reality than that predicted by the Sadovsky formula. This can be explained theoretically as various factors affecting blasting vibration are gradually independent from the monitoring data in the study of blasting vibration. The more factors considered that cannot be reflected by the monitoring data, the smaller the prediction error will be, but at the same time the complexity of the problem will also increase. Therefore, it is important to select the number of factors influencing blasting vibration reasonably and appropriately according to different needs in the application of practical engineering. In this way, the impact of blasting vibration on buildings and structures can be controlled within the safe range at a lower cost and can better guide the actual engineering construction. Figure 7: Predicted versus observed values of PVS: (**a**) new approach; (**b**) Sadovsky formula.
## 6 Methodology of Sample Implementation
### Implementation of VR Conferencing
#### 6.1.1 Architecture  
The overall architecture of the system is shown in Figure 3.  
Figure 2: The top three layers in [PERSON]’s tower of experience [48].  
The whole system is comprised of mainly three parts: server, client, and a HMD.
* Server: We use two servers, a Netcode server and a VoIP server. Netcode is a concept in game development. The Netcode server in our system is to synchronize each user's status, allow the user to see the precise and fluid representation of the room state, and influence the scene state shared in common. The VoIP server controls the transmission of audio packages on network. It receives voice packages from each client and distributes them to each other clients.
* Client: The client, usually a high-performance computer, is responsible for collecting the microphone input from the HMD, obtaining the pulse code modulation (PCM), compressing the PCM packets, and sending it to the VoIP server. Meanwhile, it receives the PCM packets from other clients sent by the server, decompresses them, and processes them with the spatial audio algorithm [50] to play the audio with room reverberation and orientation. The client synchronizes the position to the Netcode server and updates the position of other clients obtained from the server.
* HMD: The virtual scene is rendered in real time and could be experienced in an HMD, which meanwhile transmits a user's physical state and interaction data to the client. In our system, we used HTC Vive as the HMD shown in Figure 4.  
Figure 3: Architecture of the virtual reality conference room. The two servers are for Netcode and VoIP, respectively. The spatial audio effect is realized on the client computer. The immersive feeling is generated by a HMD.
# Childhood Uveitic Glaucoma: Complex Management in a Fragile Population
## 3 Pathogenesis of IOP Dysregulation in Uveitis Glaucoma
Uveitis is an inflammatory disease, and glucocorticoids (GCs) are considered the first-line treatment. In some patients, steroid responsiveness may play a part in the pathogenesis of uveitis glaucoma. The most accepted definition of steroid responsiveness is a clinically relevant IOP increasing more than 10 mmHg over the baseline, which can lead to glaucomatous optic neuropathy over time [43]. In adults, approximately 62% do not show a significant IOP increase after GCs administration [43; 44]. Still, GCs responsiveness has a significant impact in children: about 60% of the pediatric population shows a significant IOP increase [43; 45] with a higher risk of Steroid-Induced Glaucoma (SIG) than adults. GCs induce the expression of genes involved in microstructural changes in the trabecular meshwork. The overexpression of inhibitors of Metalloproteinases (MMPs) increases the deposition of extracellular matrix in the TM, resulting in increased stiffness [43; 46]. In addition, GCs stimulate the rearrangement of the cytoskeletal network with the production of cross-linked actin networks (CLANs) that inhibits TM contractility [43; 47; 48; 49]. Dexamethasone and prednisolone induce IOP elevation more often than other GCs, [43; 49; 50; 51; 52; 53] and topical route administration is more frequently associated with SIG than other routes [43; 54; 55]. Ocular hypertension occurs in 3-6 weeks after continuous eye drops administration, and IOP usually returns to the baseline values within 2 weeks after the end of treatment [43; 56]. However, IOP elevation can be irreversible after GCs cessation once microstructural damage of the trabecular meshwork occurs [43].
## 1 Introduction
In this paper, the PFC algorithm is combined with the PID control algorithm, and the incremental PID control algorithm is used to improve the optimization objective function of the PFC algorithm so that the controller has the structural characteristics of proportional, integral, and derivative. Compared with the single algorithm, the improved PFC (IPFC) control algorithm has the advantages of fast response and high control precision. At the same time, a feedforward cascade compound control scheme based on IPFC is proposed for the three measurable but uncontrollable disturbance quantities, namely, the flow rate of hot fluid, the inlet temperature of hot fluid, and the inlet temperature of the refrigerant. The feedforward control is used to eliminate the influence of the main interference on the outlet temperature, and the other interference is controlled by feedback. The simulation results show that the method can effectively reduce the overshoot of the system, has good anti-interference, and greatly improves the control performance of the heat exchanger temperature control system. The main contribution of this paper is to propose a cascaded forward control scheme based on IPFC. Firstly, an improved predictive functional control algorithm is proposed. Secondly, according to the other three controllable input variables of the heat exchanger: refrigerant inlet temperature, hot fluid flow, and hot fluid inlet temperature, the disturbance compensation of these three main interference variables is carried out by the feedforward control method to eliminate the influence of the main external interference on the heat exchanger outlet temperature. In the current research on heat exchanger outlet temperature control, the common feedforward control scheme only selects one main interference variable to compensate, but in this paper, we will consider the three main interference variables. Finally, the simulation shows the suppression effect of the control system on the three disturbance variables under model matching. The suppression effect of the control system on interference when the interference channel model is mismatched and the suppression effect of the control system on interference when the main controlled object model is mismatched. The control scheme proposed in this paper will provide a reference for the research of the heat exchanger outlet temperature control system to suppress interference. The organizational structure of this article is as follows. In Section 1, the research status of the heat exchanger outlet temperature control system is introduced. In Section 2, the mathematical model of the heat exchanger is established using mechanism modeling. In Section 3, an improved predictive functional control algorithm is introduced. In Section 4, a feedforward cascade compound control scheme based on an improved predictive functional control algorithm is proposed. In Section 5, simulation and experimental analysis are presented. In Section 6, there is a discussion of future work. Section 7, is the conclusion of this paper.
## 4 Discussion
Nevertheless, pretreatment with okadaic acid, a PP2A selective inhibitor, did not restore platonin-downregulated LPS/IFN-\(\gamma\)-induced iNOS expression in VSMCs. The underlying mechanism of platonin-modulated p65 dephosphorylation in VSMCs stimulated by LPS/IFN-\(\gamma\) requires further clarification. Ox-LDL is considered as a well-established risk factor in pathogenesis of atherosclerosis [42]. Ox-LDL and its active lipid components have been demonstrated to induce atherothrombosis directly or by amplifying inflammation [12]. Accordingly, ox-LDL isknown to activate the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) family, transcription factors such as AP-1, and several early genes including c-jun, c-fos, and c-myc and thus controls the expression of cytokines and growth factors [43]. A previous study indicated that ox-LDL-induced Matrix metalloproteinase mMP-9 expression is regulated by JNK1/2, Akt, and ERK1/2, resulting in the activation of AP-1 [27]. Activated JNKs motivate the phosphorylation of various transcription factors including c-jun, a subunit of AP-1 [44]. Ox-LDL was also shown to stimulate VSMC proliferation through the PI3K/Akt pathway and to prolong the survival of macrophage foam cell in atherosclerotic lesions [45]. In addition, like macrophages, VSMCs can transform into foam cells [46]. In this study, platonin inhibited ox-LDL-induced AP-1 binding activity by suppressing JNK phosphorylation and reducing lipid drop accumulation in VSMCs. These results indicate that platonin alleviates the pathogenesis in ox-LDL-activated VSMCs. Here, we investigated the anti-inflammatory effects and underlying mechanisms of platonin in VSMCs. Treatment with platonin suppressed both LPS/IFN-induced and ox-LDL-induced vascular inflammation through the NF-kB and the AP-1 signaling pathways, respectively. As may be observed in Figure 5C, platonin inhibited LPS/IFN-induced iNOS and mIL-1B through the dephosphorylation of p65, which led to reduced NF-kB activity. MCP-1 production, JNK phosphorylation, and AP-1 activation were suppressed in ox-LDL-stimulated VSMCs through pretreatment with platonin. In addition, in Oil red O staining assay, the administration of platonin significantly reduced lipid drop accumulation in VSMCs. These findings collectively indicate a potent anti-inflammatory effect of platonin in VSMCs and further prove that platonin should be a potential therapeutic agent against vascular inflammatory diseases. Conceptualization, C.-Y.H. and S.-Y.H. ; methodology, C.-H.Y. ; investigation, C.-W.C. and J.-H.T. ; data curation, C.-W.C. and J.-H.T. ; writing--original draft preparation, C.-W.C.; supervision, C.-H.Y. ; funding acquisition, C.-Y.H. and S.-Y.H. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript. This work was supported by grants provided by the Ministry of Science and Technology of Taiwan (MOST-108-2320-B-038-021-MY2) and the Taipei Medical University (DP2-107-21121-N-02 and DP2-109-21121-01-N-08-02).
# Affordable Broadband with Software Defined IPv6 Network for Developing Rural Communities
## 1 Introduction  
The world is implementing information and communication technology (ICT) infrastructure and services at an unprecedented rate. The over 60% overall broadband internet penetration rate and 12% fixed broadband rate (as of March 2019) of Nepal [1] indicates that there is still sufficient space for Nepalese network service providers to expand their services throughout the country, while the government has to pave the way through effective policy to enhance ICT penetration across the country. Less than 1% fixed broadband penetration in rural Nepal indicates that the majority of rural area in Nepal is without network coverage and connectivity. Most rural areas of developing countries like Nepal have limited resources like public libraries, skilled manpower, infrastructure, etc. [2]. Recently, the government regulatory body of Nepal has proposed a progressive plan to expand ICT infrastructure throughout the country. This is considered as the next milestone for Nepal toimprove people's life style with the proper use of ICT in different sectors like healthcare, agriculture, industry, governance, and many more.  
Almost 49% of the total population of Nepal live in the hilly zone including at high altitude, which covers almost 70% of total land. The major issues for rural communities are the diverse geography and demography leading to lack of accessibility, literacy, affordability, and sustainability. Although ICT can play a remarkable role in uplifting people's living status, the prerequisites to provide broadband service as basic service in rural Nepal are reliable internet connectivity, reliable power supply, affordable education to improve literacy rate, efficient management and delivery of local products, encouragement of private sectors to expand services with the latest technologies to rural communities, effective policies and implementation, subsidization for infrastructure expansion, content delivery, and quality of services for the users.  
In this paper, we discuss different ways to provide affordable broadband services to rural communities in Nepal. Particularly, we discuss the factors that make the broadband services more affordable and sustainable for rural societies. Then, we present the operational cost optimization and efficiency for service providers by implementing the proposed software defined IPv6 (SoDIP6) networks so as to provide affordable network services to underserved people and optimize sustainability for network service providers.  
The remainder of this paper is structured as follows. Section 2 presents policy initiatives and network deployment activities of Nepal for nation-wide broadband expansion. Different approaches with recommendations to be adopted by stakeholders to provide affordable broadband services are discussed in Section 3. Section 4 presents the experimental setup and analysis of the proposed SoDIP6 network in terms of power consumption optimization to measure the affordability of broadband services to communities. Section 5 concludes the paper.
# Bearing Fault Diagnosis Based on Small Sample Learning of Maml-Triplet
## 3 Construction of the Dataset and Model  
### Dataset Introduction  
The CWRU bearing dataset [35] is adopted in this paper. The test bed is composed of a motor, torque sensor/encoder, dynamometer, and control electronic equipment. The test bearing is installed at the fan end and motor end. A single point fault was introduced into the test bearing using the method of electrical discharge machining. The diameter of the fault was 0.007 inches, 0.014 inches, and 0.021 inches, respectively. The fault points are located in the inner raceway, rolling element, and outer raceway of the bearing. The accelerometer used to detect the vibration signal is installed at the 12 o'clock position of the fan end and motor end of the motor housing, and some experiments are also installed on the motor support substrate. During the experiment, the vibration data generated under the load of 0 to 3 horsepower motor were recorded, and 12,000 data were collected per second. For more details on the CWRU bearing dataset, please visit its website [36].  
This paper selects the data generated by the fan end bearing as the source dataset and the data generated by the motor end bearing as the target data set. The experimental conditions are all no-load. There are three fault locations and three types of faults for the selected test bearings. As shown in Tables 1 and 2, Group A signals are source data sets, with a total of nine categories; Group B signals are target datasets and there are nine categories in total. Table 3 shows the frequency of its failures.  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c} \hline \hline
**Code Number** & **Bearing Position** & **Fault Position** & **Fault Size (Inches)** \\ \hline A1 & Fan end & Inner raceway & 0.007 \\ A2 & Fan end & Inner raceway & 0.014 \\ A3 & Fan end & Inner raceway & 0.021 \\ A4 & Fan end & Roller & 0.007 \\ A5 & Fan end & Roller & 0.014 \\ A6 & Fan end & Roller & 0.021 \\ A7 & Fan end & Outer raceway & 0.007 \\ A8 & Fan end & Outer raceway & 0.014 \\ A9 & Fan end & Outer raceway & 0.021 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}
Table 1: Fault categories of the source dataset.  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c} \hline \hline
**Code Number** & **Bearing Position** & **Fault Position** & **Fault Size (Inches)** \\ \hline B1 & Motor end & Inner raceway & 0.007 \\ B2 & Motor end & Inner raceway & 0.014 \\ B3 & Motor end & Inner raceway & 0.021 \\ B4 & Motor end & Roller & 0.007 \\ B5 & Motor end & Roller & 0.014 \\ B6 & Motor end & Roller & 0.021 \\ B7 & Motor end & Outer raceway & 0.007 \\ B8 & Motor end & Outer raceway & 0.014 \\ B9 & Motor end & Outer raceway & 0.021 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}
Table 2: Fault categories of the target dataset.
## 3 Results
### Effect of Stabilizer Contents on Bearing Capacity
#### 3.2.2 Expansion Ratio  
The waste soil presented a decrease in expansion ratio after the addition of stabilizers, as illustrated in Figure 9. Notably, the two types of stabilized soils demonstrated the most substantial reduction in expansion ratio at a stabilizer content of 2%, while minimal changes were observed when the content surpassed 6%. Specifically, for lime-stabilized soils, the expansion ratio decreased from 3.2% to 2% and 0.5% with the addition of 2% and 8%, respectively. In contrast, the composite stabilized soil exhibited a smaller expansion ratio, with the minimum value being merely 0.3% when utilizing a stabilizer content of 4% cement + 4% lime.