# Enhanced Scalability and Security in Blockchain-Based Transportation Systems for Mass Gatherings
###### Abstract  
Large-scale events, such as festivals and public gatherings, pose serious problems in terms of traffic congestion, slow transaction processing, and security risks to transportation planning. This study proposes a blockchain-based solution for enhancing the efficiency and security of intelligent transport systems (ITS) by utilizing state channels and rollups. Throughput is optimized, enabling transaction speeds of 800 to 3500 transactions per second (TPS) and delays of 5 to 1.5 s. Prevent data tampering, strengthen security, and enhance data integrity from 89% to 99.999%, as well as encryption efficacy from 90% to 98%. Furthermore, our system reduces congestion, optimizes vehicle movement, and shares real-time, secure data with stakeholders. Practical applications include fast and safe road toll payments, faster public transit ticketing, improved emergency response coordination, and enhanced urban mobility. The decentralized blockchain helps maintain trust among users, transportation authorities, and event organizers. Our approach extends beyond large-scale events and proposes a path toward ubiquitous, Artificial Intelligence (AI)-driven decision-making in a broader urban transit network, informing future operations in dynamic traffic optimization. This study demonstrates the potential of blockchain to create more intelligent, more secure, and scalable transportation systems, which will help reduce urban mobility inefficiencies and contribute to the development of resilient smart cities. blockchain; scalability; security; transportation systems; mass gatherings; smart contracts 202516641  
to rise with ever-larger events and transportation networks, integrating intelligent systems into these networks to enable real-time monitoring and adaptive control becomes increasingly essential. Furthermore, the ability to restore the scalability and security of transport systems during significant events is based on the principles of decentralization, transparency, and security in data storage, and blockchain technologies appear to be a viable option [2; 7]. Blockchain can manage decentralized information and its validity, assisting logistics management and enhancing communication among transport firms, the government, and event participants [4; 8]. Therefore, this research paper aims to determine how blockchain technology can increase the scalability and security of transport frameworks that are stretched during an event. The existing public transportation architecture cannot handle a large number of passengers or process data and data events at the desired speed [9]. For this problem, the capability to handle a multitude of daily transactions in blockchain management, based on a network of distributed settlements, can facilitate the solution. This capability can be developed dynamically according to the number of operations [10; 11]. It is also important because many people attend, and many valuable items (digital tickets, passenger data, and financial transactions) are essential assets of the public transportation system. Maintaining trust implies ensuring the security and integrity of these assets. Operational efficiency also depends on the protection of these assets being exhibited [12; 13]. Blockchain sorts such features into hash functions and uses consensus algorithms to keep them safe from any changes in the data or data fraud [14]. Furthermore, given the significant impact of mega-events on transportation systems, this study proposes a framework that utilizes blockchain and predictive analytics with fallback mechanisms (as shown in Figure 1) to enhance transportation systems for these events. As such, this framework enables self-scheduling and demand variability management, eliminating idle times and ensuring system robustness and stability in the face of disruptions. It has become a more scalable, consistent, and logical approach to using events, such as the Hajj. Figure 1: A blockchain-based framework that enhances transportation systems’ scalability, security, and coordination.