esa-sceva/satcom-chunk-collection huggingface dataset:
## 4 Discussion
They found that either the medial or lateral meniscus could be affected by the pathological process, although the medial meniscus was more extensively affected, with a prevalence of 27.6% compared to 12.4% [53]. The development of knee osteoarthritis in the medial knee area due to increased compressive forces in this compartment is associated with varus deformity. Conversely, the lateral area is linked to valgus deformity [54; 55]. Our study demonstrated that both menisci undergo pathological changes, regardless of the type of axial deformity. There was no statistically significant difference between the classical Bonar score and its modification when assessing both menisci, whether in varus or valgus knees. This could result from the fact that our patients had developed degeneration processes associated with chronic knee conditions--idiopathic arthritis. [PERSON] et al. reported that among 110 varus knees, 18.2% exhibited medial damage, while 2.7% had lateral damage [54]. [PERSON] et al. revealed that daily load stress on the knee in patients with axial alignment leads to degeneration of the medial meniscus in varus knees, eventually resulting in a meniscal tear [56]. The medial meniscus is more vulnerable due to its lower mobility compared to the lateral meniscus. The lateral meniscus lacks connections to the joint capsule or collateral ligaments and has only one disruptor of its mobility, the popliteal hiatus. Consequently, the lateral meniscus bears around 70% of the lateral load, in contrast to the medial meniscus, which carries only 50% [12; 57]. Additionally, [PERSON] et al. observed that the progression of varus knee osteoarthritis initiates in the medial compartment of the knee, gradually encompassing the entire knee joint through further degenerative expansion [58]. In elderly patients with knee joint changes resulting from osteoarthritis, the degeneration process is widespread and may involve either the medial or lateral meniscus, regardless of axial deformity. Several limitations were noted in this study. First, the sample size was modest, with female participants and varus deformities predominant. To create a more homogeneous population, strict exclusion criteria were applied to enhance its statistical power. Additionally, the use of the Visual Analog Scale (VAS) for pain assessment incorporates a subjective measure, and pain tolerance may vary among individuals. This could potentially introduce bias in our results concerning the VAS scale. Moreover, the samples were taken only from patients in the end stage of OA, which can influence the results concerning the equal impact of OA on the lateral and medial menisci, due to the fact that in end-stage OA, there is a high level of tissue degeneration. Future analyses of the Bonar score in meniscus histopathology should be extended to conduct research on larger populations, with groups of men and women considered separately. Moreover, studies should be introduced utilizing different BMI-based groups. The future clinical applications of these findings could be linked with treatment decisions respecting unilateral versus total knee arthroplasty.
# Differentiation of Fresh and Processed Fruit Juices Using Volatile Composition
## Materials and Methods
### Headspace Solid-Phase Microextraction  
The HS-SPME experimental parameters used in this work were previously optimized in several works, developed in our group [15; 19; 41; 60]. Briefly, aliquots of 5 mL of juice samples were placed into a 10-mL glass vial. After the addition of 10% (\(w/v\)) of NaCl and stirring (0.5 \(\times\) 0.1 mm bar) at 400 rpm, the vial was capped with a PTFE (polytetrafluoroethylene) septum and an aluminum cap (Chromacol, Hertfordshire, UK). The vial was placed in a thermostated bath, adjusted at 40.0 \(\pm\) 0.1 \({}^{\circ}\)C for 5 min, and then the 50/30 \(\upmu\)m divinylbenzene/carboxen/polydimethylsiloxane (DVB/CAR/PDMS) fiber was inserted into the headspace for 45 min. Each sample was analyzed in triplicate. Blanks, corresponding to the analysis of the coating fiber and not submitted to any extraction procedure, were run between sets of three analyses.
## 3 Results
### Gastrointestinal (GI) Toxicity  
The onset of GI toxicity is a main concern in PCa RT due to the anatomical proximity of the prostate to the rectum and other parts of the gastrointestinal tract. GI toxicity includes a range of symptoms, including diarrhea, tensemus, rectal pain, rectal bleeding, and, in some cases, proctitis. The possibility of identifying predictive parameters for different GI subsites and symptoms has been investigated [134].  
The necessity to limit radiation exposure to the bowel to prevent intestinal side effects has been well established. In this regard, this review highlights two significant studies that suggest specific dose limits to mitigate radiation-induced bowel toxicity. The first study, conducted by [PERSON] et al. in 2010, involved a retrospective analysis of 96 patients who underwent whole pelvis irradiation after prostatectomy. The findings revealed a correlation between acute bowel toxicity and certain dose-volume thresholds, specifically for V45 total loops (TL) > 50 cc, V50 TL > 13 cc, and V55 TL > 3 cc [110].  
Similarly, a more recent study by [PERSON] et al. in 2021 analyzed data from 415 patients enrolled in a multi-institutional prospective trial. This study suggested that keeping bowel loops at V46 below 80 cc could potentially reduce the risk of developing G2 to 3 intestinal symptoms [127].  
Considering rectal toxicity, different experiences searched for dosimetric parameters. In a prospective trial, [PERSON] et al. (2009) evaluated clinical and dosimetric predictors of acute toxicity after hypoffractionated RT in 102 patients affected by PCa [108]. The results of this study showed a correlation between G2 rectal toxicity at rectum V53 > 8%.  
[PERSON] et al. (2013) performed a prospective analysis on patients treated for exclusive and adjuvant RT with a 1-year colonoscopy to identify rectal telangiectasia [114]. The authors correlated the onset of rectal telangiectasia (showed at endoscopic examination) with rectal V60 Gy < 34.4%, rectal V70 Gy < 16.7%, and rectal Dmean < 57.5 Gy.
## 3 Results
### Changes in Area of Forest Cover in LP from 2007 to 2017  
According to the PL forest maps, the area of forest covered region increased from \(1.05\times 10^{5}\) km\({}^{2}\) to \(1.20\times 10^{5}\) km\({}^{2}\) from 2007 to 2017 (Figure 11), with an increase by \(0.15\times 10^{5}\) km\({}^{2}\) (\(\sim\)14.3% increase). The annual average forest area was about 1500 km\({}^{2}\). However, between 2007 and 2010, the area of forests declined from \(1.05\times 10^{5}\) to \(0.91\times 10^{5}\) km\({}^{2}\), with a decrease of \(0.14\times 10^{5}\) km\({}^{2}\); after 2010 the area of forest increased, which may have been caused by different stages of GGP implementation. The first phase of GGP project is from 1999 to 2010, and the second phase started after 2010.  
The overall forest area shows a growing trend during the period of the GGP. The trend can be described by the equation Area = 0.06 Year + 0.87 (Figure 11). According to this equation, the forest area of the Loess Plateau from 2007 to 2017 grew at an average rate of 600 km\({}^{2}\) per year.  
Figure 10: Verification of changed areas and unchanged areas using Google Earth on the Loess Plateau between 2007 and 2017. Nonforest areas to Nonforest areas (**a**–**c**), Forest areas to Forest areas (**d**–**f**), Forest areas to Nonforest areas (**g**–**i**), and Nonforest areas to Forest areas (**j**–**l**).
## 1 Introduction
This paper proposes a new variant of the DEPSO algorithm called historical elite differential evolution based on particle swarm optimization (HE-DEPSO) to improve optimization performance in solving complex single-objective problems, with a specific focus on addressing the problem of optimizing the \(\chi^{2}\) criteria for the 4-zero texture model of high energy physics. The proposed variant aims to explore the areas of opportunity encountered to enhance DEPSO, specifically introducing a new mutation strategy named DE/current-to-EHE/1, which utilizes information from the elite individuals of the population and incorporates historical data from the evolutionary process to improve the balance between exploration and exploitation by leveraging information from elite individuals and historical data, particularly during the early stages of the evolutionary process. Additionally, HE-DEPSO employs the self-adaptive parameter control mechanism from the SHADE algorithm to reduce the sensitivity of the algorithm's parameters. To test the HE-DEPSO algorithm's performance, it was compared against other optimization algorithms, including DE, PSO, CoDE, SHADE, and DEPSO, using the CEC 2017 single-objective benchmark function set. The HE-DEPSO algorithm outperformed the other algorithms in terms of solution quality. Finally, the validation of the 4-zero texture model was conducted, optimizing the \(\chi^{2}\) function and, at the same time, comparing the performance of our proposal against DE, PSO, CoDE, SHADE, and DEPSO algorithms for this particular application. The results are encouraging and expand the use of bio-inspired methods in high-energy physics by integrating a metaheuristic approach. The remainder of the paper is structured as follows: Section 2 contains the definition of the problem to be solved, including the definition of the \(\chi^{2}\) criterion; Section 3 reviews the versions of the PSO and DEPSO algorithms used here. Section 4 explains our proposal, the HE-DEPSO algorithm; Section 5 subjects our algorithm to benchmark tests, while Section 6 presents the validation problem of the 4-zero texture model. Finally, in Section 7, the conclusions are presented.
# Telecommunication Technologies for Smart Grid Projects with Focus on Smart Metering Applications
## 4 Smart Metering Applications--Smart Grid Projects
### Grid Management
#### 4.5.3 STAmi  
The LV network management by utilising smart metering information has been the topic of investigation of some projects, like the \"STAmi\" project. Its goal was to create a web interface to collect real-time data stored in smart meters and it has been realised by the Italian energy provider ENEL [100].
# IoT-Driven Intelligent Scheduling Solution for Industrial Sewing Based on Real-RCPSP Model
## 3 IoT in Industrial Garment Production and Real-Time Data Collection Methods  
To improve production management efficiency, industrial garment enterprises currently deploy IoT devices to collect production data directly from the sewing line. These real-time data are synchronized with the IoT device vendor's cloud server system. Typically, an IoT system deployed at garment companies consists of devices attached directly to industrial sewing machines. When workers perform product steps, these devices collect data about sewing machines and human operations. According to the cloud computing model, the IoT system also includes data storage servers. Collected data will be sent to the cloud server for storage and synthesis and incorporated into reports for users to monitor the production process and supervise and manage production. Reports include the following:  
* Production progress reports: these reports detail the production progress for each sewing line, each team, each production stage, and the entire company.
* Equipment operating speed reports: these reports show the operating status of the equipment, including parameters such as working time, downtime, and equipment maintenance time.
* Graphical reports: these reports are used to compare operational efficiency and production progress, providing detailed visual information through graphic images and helping users to monitor and compare easily.  
From reports generated from the IoT system based on data collected from industrial sewing machines, managers can make timely decisions to optimize processes and improve production efficiency.
# Moon Sensor Station to Improve the Performance of Lunar Satellite Navigation Systems
## 1 Introduction
Three different techniques are proposed, discussed, and evaluated in the following (see Figure 1):  
* Differential Reference Station (DRS): the local sensor provides corrections of the satellite pseudorange measurements to the user on the lunar surface;
* Pseudolite (PSL): the local sensor transmits the same signal transmitted by satellites to improve the number of ranging measurements available on the Moon--this solution is similar to the classical GNSS pseudolite;
* Independent Source of Localization (ISL): The local sensor measures range and angles, improving navigation performance. In this paper, these three possible approaches are evaluated and compared for a typical Moon scenario, near the south pole. The first solution was originally proposed and evaluated by the authors in [13], via numerical simulations, computing the UERE budget and the DOP information. Moreover, in [22], [PERSON] et al. proposed to incorporate pseudorange corrections from a reference station on the Moon's surface into the navigation message, eliminating the need for additional receiver hardware and achieving a target accuracy of 40 m horizontally, even when users are up to 10 degrees latitude away from the reference station. Finally, the differential approach was also modeled by the authors in [23], obtaining good results up to 25 degrees of latitude away from the reference station, ensuring reliable performance for distant users. Unfortunately, this approach does not match the more demanding requirements, both in terms of accuracy and availability. The last cited work will be considered as the reference solution in this paper, which introduces another working principle for the local sensor, giving the following new contributions:  
* Complete definitions and theoretical models are derived for the ISL;
* A system design of the ISL is created, defining the local sensor's main building blocks, tasks, and signals, up to the preliminary design of the communication protocols that should be selected;
* A Cramer-Rao Lower Bound (CRLB)-based evaluation method is derived and the three possible working principles are compared with CRLB and Monte Carlo runs;
* Finally, suggestions are derived for the combined use of the three proposed approaches. The paper is structured as follows: Section 2 describes the one-way navigation techniques for the lunar scenario, the methods used for the evaluation of the navigation performance, and the errors affecting the system; Section 3 describes the local sensor functionalities and models to evaluate its performance as DRS; Section 4 describes the local sensor as pseudolite; Section 5 describes the local sensor as independent beacon; finally, Section 6 reports the results of the simulations, including the description of the constellation considered, and Section 7 draws the conclusions.
# Autonomous Mutual Authentication Protocol in the Edge Networks
## 7 Experiments  
The purpose of the experiments section is to demonstrate the autonomous protocol performance on different devices and the key exchange. A detailed implementation with system settings, session key generation with hash calculations, pseudo-random number generations, protocol performance, and implementation with different time-quarters are explained in detail. To achieve better security and higher performance, the autonomous protocol uses the SHA-256 hash function instead of traditional hash functions. The message exchanges are protected with the cryptographic operations and time limits.
## 3 Results
### Integration between Social Vulnerability, Single-Hazard, and Multi-Hazard Classes
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{l l c c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Municipality** & **Level** & **SVI x LH** & **LH Code** & **SVI x FH** & **FH Code** & **SVI x MH** & **MH Code** \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{Nova Siri} & L & 6 & LH4, LH7, & 40 & FH2, FH3 & 1 & MH5 \\  & M & 2 & LH7, LH8 & 3 & FH2, FH3 & 2 & MH9, MH13 \\  & H & & & 1 & FH2 & & \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{Pisticci} & L & 59 & LH1, LH2, & & & & \\  & L & 59 & LH4, LH5, & & & & \\  & L & 59 & LH8, LH13, & 77 & FH2, FH3 & 17 & MH5, MH8, MH14 \\  & & & LH11, LH12, & & & & \\  & M & 10 & LH2, LH4, & & & & \\  & H & 4 & LH4, LH5, & & & & \\  & L & & LH8 & & & 2 & MH5, MH14 \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{Policoro} & L & & & 46 & FH3 & & \\  & M & & & 3 & & FH1, FH2, & \\  & M & & & 3 & & FH3 & \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{Pomarico} & L & & & LH2, LH4, & & & \\  & L & 30 & LH5, LH7, & & & & \\  & L & LH10, LH11, & 17 & FH3 & 19 & MH11, & MH13, MH14 \\  & M & & LH2, LH7, & & & & \\  & M & 4 & LH9 & & & 3 & MH5, MH11, & MH14 \\ \hline Rotondella & L & 1 & LH1 & 18 & FH3 & 2 & MH11, MH14 \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{[PERSON]} & L & & 29 & LH2, LH4, & & & & \\  & L & & LH5, LH6, & & & & \\  & L & & LH7, LH10, & & 19 & FH3 & 8 & MH1, MH5, & MH8, MH12 \\  & M & & & LH12, LH13 & & & & \\ \cline{1-1}  & M & 3 & LH4, LH8, & & & & 5 & MH4, MH5, & MH8 \\ \cline{1-1}  & H & 1 & LH2 & & & & & \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{Valsinni} & L & 9 & LH2, LH7, & & & & & \\  & L & & LH8, LH13, & 8 & FH2, FH3 & 2 & MH7, MH10 \\ \cline{1-1}  & M & 2 & LH7, LH12 & & & & 7 & MH7, MH13, & MH14 \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{Scanzano Jonico} & L & & & 56 & FH2, FH3 & 8 & MH1, MH15, & MH8, MH12 \\ \cline{1-1}  & M & & & 1 & FH3 & 3 & MH5 \\ \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 7: _Cont._Figure 12: Spatial distribution of the different overlaps at the census tract level in the northern sector, with an indication of the specific hazard scenario derived from the hazard qualitative investigation. FH refers to the MPH scenario. The red circle represents the location of the town center. Basemap: Google Satellite. Figure 13: Spatial distribution of the different overlaps at the census tract level in the central sector, with an indication of the specific hazard scenario derived from the hazard qualitative investigation. FH refers to the MPH scenario. The red circle represents the location of the town center. Basemap: Google Satellite.
# A Millimeter-Wave Radar Tunnel Obstacle Detection Method Based on Invalid Target Filtering
###### Abstract
Millimeter-wave radar is cheap [19] and better suited for underground use in coal mines. The use of millimeter-wave radar can effectively improve the reliability, robustness and accuracy of detection, but there are a large number of invalid targets, such as empty targets, false targets and non-threatening targets, in the original data output of millimeter-wave radar, which will reduce the accuracy of obstacle detection [20]. To address the problem of a large number of invalid targets in the millimeter-wave radar output data, this paper proposes a filtered millimeter-wave radar underground electric locomotive obstacle detection method. By parsing the millimeter-wave radar target information, the null target, false target and non-threatening target data are detected and filtered out using an invalid target filtering algorithm to improve the accuracy of millimeter-wave radar obstacle detection. This paper will be divided into four parts to illustrate the research on the detection method of roadway obstacles based on invalid target filtering by millimeter-wave radar. The first part introduces the background and the deficiency of related research and the problems to be solved in this paper in the introduction. The second part discusses the basic theory, experimental equipment and research methods. In the third part, experiments and results are analyzed. In the last part, our research findings are summarized and comparedwith relevant studies, and the research is evaluated. Through the detailed elaboration of these four parts, we believe that readers can have a deeper understanding of the whole process and conclusion of our research.
# Single Leg Gait Tracking of Lower Limb Exoskeleton Based on Adaptive Iterative Learning Control
###### Abstract  
The lower limb exoskeleton is a wearable human-robot interactive equipment, which is tied to human legs and moves synchronously with the human gait. Gait tracking accuracy greatly affects the performance and safety of the lower limb exoskeletons. As the human-robot coupling systems are usually nonlinear and generate unpredictive errors, a conventional iterative controller is regarded as not suitable for safe implementation. Therefore, this study proposed an adaptive control mechanism based on the iterative learning model to track the single leg gait for lower limb exoskeleton control. To assess the performance of the proposed method, this study implemented the real lower limb gait trajectory that was acquired with an optical motion capturing system as the control inputs and assessment benchmark. Then the impact of the human-robot interaction torque on the tracking error was investigated. The results show that the interaction torque has an inevitable impact on the tracking error and the proposed adaptive iterative learning control (AILC) method can effectively reduce such error without sacrificing the iteration efficiency.  
Keywords:lower limb exoskeleton; adaptive iterative learning control; gait trajectory tracking; human gait capture +
Footnote †: journal: Applied Sciences
# Neutralization Dynamics of Slow Highly Charged Ions in 2D Materials
## 2 Experimental Results on Highly Charged Ion Transmission
### Our Work  
Recently, we made a step forward and presented transmission measurements with ultrathin membranes. We started with 1 nm thick carbon nanomembranes (CNM) and focussed then on the ultimately thin material, a freestanding single layer of graphene (SLG).  
The experimental procedure follows traditional beam-foil experiments, i.e., ions are provided by an ion source (electron beam ion trap from Dreebit GmbH, Germany) and are charge-over-mass selected by either an analyzing magnet or a Wien filter. Ions are focused on a sample and are measured after transmission through the sample with an electrostatic analyzer or a time-of-flight spectrometer. For the latter, we chop the beam by a fast switching electrostatic beam blanker. The ion kinetic energy is adjusted by an electrostatic retarding field between the beamline (insulated) and the target chamber. Samples are mounted on a Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) grid with a supporting Carbon film (Quantifoil). The Quantifoil has regularly sized and spaced holes, which are over-span by the freestanding 2D material. The target chamber is kept at low \(10^{-9}\) mbar or high \(10^{-10}\) mbar to prevent charge exchange of the ions with the rest gas as well as keeping the samples free of contaminations as good as possible. Details in the experimental setups can be found in [24,46].
## 3 Results and Discussion
### Characterization of Chrysin-Loaded Microemulsion
#### 3.2.3 Droplet Size and Zeta Potential  
Dynamic light scattering analyses performed on drug-free-ME (blank) and CS-ME to determine the apparent average size of droplets, polydispersity index (PDI), and Zeta potential. Microemulsions were monodisperse, the mean value of drug-free-ME diameter being only 61.1 \(\pm\) 10.3 nm with PDI of 0.378 \(\pm\) 0.1 and that of the drug-loaded one no larger than 74.4 \(\pm\) 15.8 nm with PDI of 0.313 \(\pm\) 0.09. The Zeta potentials of Blank-ME and CS-ME were -10.0 \(\pm\) 2.1 mV and - 16.1 \(\pm\) 1.9 mV, respectively, which means that chrysin addition to the proposed system significantly increased its electrical field. This effect also suggests that chrysin interacted with the surfactant monolayer by changing its potential, therefore it was probably not only confined into the aqueous droplets but also present at the oil-water interface [34].
# Photodegradation Assessment of Calicotriol in the Presence of UV Absorbers by UHPLC/MSE
## 2 Experimental
### Method Validation
#### 2.5.4 Precision  
Method precision was assessed via repeatability studies, where six replicate injections of a methanolic calcipotriol solution at a concentration of 100 \(\upmu\)g mL\({}^{-1}\) (representing 100%) were analyzed within a single day. The coefficient of variation (CV) for the peak area responses was then calculated to evaluate the consistency of the measurements.