# Effect of MXene Nanosheet Sticking on Supercapacitor Device Performance
## 4 Approaches for Preventing Sticking of MXenes
### Electrode Processing Optimization
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c} \hline \hline
**MXene Composite** & **Application/Enhancement** & **Key Findings** \\ \hline \hline \multicolumn{4}{c}{Sandwich-like structure improved volumetric} \\ MXene–Carbon Nanotube (CNT) and MXene–Reduced Graphene Oxide (rGO) & Improved volumetric capacitance & capacitance up to 350 F cm\({}^{-3}\) at 5 A g\({}^{-1}\); MXene––rGO composite demonstrated volumetric capacitance of 435 F cm\({}^{3}\) with cycling stability [27]. \\ \hline \hline \multicolumn{4}{c}{Analycentric yarn supercapacitor} & Achieved high energy density & Utilized MXene–CNT anode, MnO\({}_{2}\)/CNT cathode, and achieved an energy density of 100 mW cm\({}^{2}\)[28]. \\ \hline \hline \multicolumn{4}{c}{Fabricated through photolithography and vacuum filtration, achieving areal capacitance of 61.38 mF cm\({}^{-2}\) at 0.5 mA cm\({}^{-2}\)[29].} \\ \hline \multicolumn{4}{c}{Asymmetric supercapacitors exhibited areal} \\ \multicolumn{4}{c}{composite} & Demonstrated high areal capacitance & Capacitance of 0.94 F cm\({}^{-2}\) with Na\({}_{2}\)SO\({}_{4}\) electrolyte [30]. \\ \hline \hline \multicolumn{4}{c}{Asymmetric supercapacitor with MXene–AC} \\ MXene–carbon allotropes (AAC) & Preventing aggregation, enhanced electrochemical performance & Cycles [31] micro supercapacitor with MXene as cathode and activated carbon as anode showed areal capacitance of 7.8 mF cm\({}^{-2}\), energy density of 3.5 mW cm\({}^{-3}\), and power density of 100 mW cm\({}^{-3}\)[32]. \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 6: Comparative table of supercapacitor parameters enhanced by the application of MXene composites, in particular with polymers. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Sticking Prevention** & **Effects on** & **Merits** & **Demerits** & **Refs.** \\ \hline \hline \multicolumn{4}{c}{Surface coating} & Improved specific capacitance & Enhanced stability; prevention of restacking & Potential impact on electrical conductivity; additional processing steps & [104] \\ \hline \hline \multicolumn{4}{c}{Functional spacer molecules} & Enhanced energy density & Effective prevention of restacking; promotes ion diffusion & Complexity in molecule design; cost implications & [105,106] \\ \hline \hline \multicolumn{4}{c}{Intercalation} & Increased rate capability & Facilitates ion transport; enhances cycling stability & Dependency on guest species; potential structural distortions & [107] \\ \hline \hline \multicolumn{4}{c}{Surface roughening} & Improved electrolyte accessibility & Enhanced active sites; prevents restacking issues & Need for precise control in surface modification; potential structural changes & [108] \\ \hline \hline \multicolumn{4}{c}{Nanostructure design} & Increased surface area; improved electrical conductivity & Enhanced ion accessibility; structural stability & Fabrication complexity; potential performance variability & [109] \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 4: Comparison of the effect of measures for sticking prevention on supercapacitor metrics. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Sticking Prevention** & **Synthesis Complexity** & **Environmental** & **Long-Term Stability** & **Cost Analysis** \\ \hline \multicolumn{4}{c}{**Approach**} & Moderate & Low impact & Good stability observed & Medium \\ \hline \hline \multicolumn{4}{c}{Functional spacer molecules} & Moderate & Low impact & Stable cycling behavior & High \\ \hline \multicolumn{4}{c}{Intercalation} & High & Moderate impact & Enhanced life cycle & High \\ \hline \multicolumn{4}{c}{Surface roughening} & High & Moderate impact & Impact on long-term performance & Medium \\ \hline \multicolumn{4}{c}{Nanostructure design} & High & High impact & Improved durability & High \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 5: Comparison of the approaches for prevention of MXenes sticking, taking into account their synthesis complexity, ecological impact, performance stability, and cost.