# Hybrid Simulation of Seismic Responses of a Typical Station with a Reinforced Concrete Column
## 1 Introduction
Replaceable energy dissipating devices provide supplementary energy dissipation capacity to relieve the development of structural plasticity [8; 9; 10; 11]. Therefore, the enhanced behavior of the central column would avoid the occurrence and development of a plastic hinge under earthquake excitation. Actually, further work should be conducted to validate the accuracy of the numerical method. With respect to experimental research, [PERSON] et al. [12] conducted a series of shaking table tests to investigate the effect of pulse-like ground motion on a typical multi-story subway station. Dynamic responses including structural forces, story drift, settlement, and deformation of the soil were obtained and analyzed. Central columns were verified as the vulnerable component of the multi-story subway station. Moreover, the propagation of earthquake motions in soils was explored based on the test results of another series of large-scale shaking table tests [13]. It was found that the site amplified the frequency components of dynamic excitation in specific frequency bands. Pulse-like earthquake motions with a long pulse duration and multiple pulse cycles would lead to remarkable resonance-like phenomena of soils. [PERSON] et al. [14] conducted a series of shaking table tests based on a typical three-story and three-span subway station made of plaster in order to investigate the seismic failure process of an underground subway station on the liquefiable ground. The dynamic responses of the structure and ground soil were studied. Sand boiling, waterspout phenomena, ground surface cracks, and earthquake-induced ground surface settlements were observed in the test. The results of the aforementioned shaking table tests gave people new sights into the seismic damage development process and failure mechanism of the subway station. It should be noted that the scale issue always exists in the shaking table test of underground structures. In light of the above-mentioned research, this paper aims at studying the seismic behavior of a typical station with a hybrid simulation technique. The hybrid simulation technique is a kind of test method that combines numerical modelling and experimental research. Hybrid simulation could take advantage of both numerical methods and test methods. Therefore, hybrid simulation would achieve a complete representation of the real-world problem [15]. With respect to the application of hybrid simulation to the underground infrastructure, [PERSON] et al. [16] applied the virtual hybrid simulation method in the seismic issue of a typical station. In addition, a self-designed steel column was used to validate the hybrid simulation process. [PERSON] [17] utilized a shaking table and an actuator to analyze the soil structure interaction issue with the hybrid simulation test method. The soil domain was tested by the shaking table, and the effects of structure-foundation interactions were realized by the actuator. Based on the previous research, the critical part of the model, such as the central column of the subway station, could be adopted as the physical substructure, while the remaining parts of the station and the soil domain could be taken as the numerical substructure. In this paper, an RC (reinforced concrete) column specimen is selected to study the seismic performance of the central column of a typical station. The pressure-dependent multi-yield-surface J2 plasticity material model is applied to model the deposit. The hybrid simulation system is composed of OpenSees, OpenFresco, and the MTS loading system. The Kobe excitation (peak ground acceleration = 0.01 g, 0.1g, 0.22 g, 0.58 g) is applied in the hybrid simulation process, then the quasi-static test is conducted after the hybrid simulation process. The shear forces and drift responses of the central column are analyzed further to illustrate the characteristics of the central column after the earthquake excitation.