## 1 Introduction  
Agriculture is one of the most important sectors of economic activity that both affects and is affected by climate change [1], as its sustainability depends directly on the duration and intensity of climate phenomena and factors such as temperature, precipitation (rainfall, hail), solar radiation intensity, and the concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere [2]. Especially in the case of Greece, the exposure of agricultural producers to the risks of climate change is important, as they are already experiencing a range of adverse effects on the productivity, diversity and durability of their crops, the fertility of their soils, the availability, adequacy, and quality of irrigation water, etc. These in turn affect their income and largely determine the sustainability of their farms, their standard of living, and in general their life and ability to remain located in the Greek countryside [3]. Recognizing that the risks of climate change to agriculture are not only economic but also environmental and social, the EU is promoting important institutional initiatives aimed at protecting agricultural production, ensuring food adequacy and food security, and protecting the environment and social cohesion of its rural areas. The new Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) for 2023-2027 [4; 5; 6] is called upon to respond to the challenges of climate change through the adoption and implementation of these actions, incorporating into its objectives the increased level of European ambition for environmental and climate policies. Its main objective is the transition to a new resilient, green, and digital agri-food model, combining sustainability with the EU's environmental friendliness objectives [7]. This has been reflected in its various policies, from the European Green Agreement and its specialized strategies for \"Farm-to-Fork\" and biodiversity initiatives to the European Climate Law, the Recovery and Resilience Facility, and the Just Transition Mechanism etc. [8]  
Climate change in the agricultural sector is pushing Europe and the world to change their approach to policies and strategies related to their production and development models. Inevitably, Greek agriculture must also seek its own strategic orientation that will lead and enable it to meet the new requirements of the \"European Green Architecture\" and to ensure the competitiveness and sustainability of its production structure. Towards this new perspective, a need emerges to reorient the production model of Greek agriculture on the basis of adopting a \"greener\" approach that takes advantage of agri-environmental and climate actions and policies. Published in June 2018, the EU Commission's proposal for the next CAP included some promising elements from a climate and environmental perspective, such as a newly expanded set of mandatory actions (e.g., to protect peatlands) or \"eco-schemes\" as a new, voluntary-based instrument to incentivize farmers to deliver public goods. However, some studies indicated that the proposed actions may not achieve their goals, as simply classifying 40% of the CAP's budget as \"climate-friendly\" is unlikely to lead to reduced GHG emissions without a specific investment structure for agriculture decarbonization [9]. In this context, the present study aims to provide a comprehensive description of the relationship between Greek agriculture and climate change, through a coherent diagnostic study of their interaction. We examine the key aspects of a better consolidation of the new European Union's (EU) environmental and climate strategies in the agricultural sector in the context of the European Green Deal. Through the appropriate theoretical framework, we highlight the needs of Greek agriculture in respect of the proposition of specific policy measures and interventions to address the effects of climate change and the financial opportunities that the new CAP 2023-2027 offers.