# Smart City for Sustainable Development: Applied Processes from SUMP to MaaS at European Level
## 1 Introduction
The European Commission has promoted the smart city concept since 2012 by defining a set of rules in relation to three pillars: energy production and use, transport and mobility and Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) [14]. The emerging ICT have potentialities to find solutions to the urban sustainability. However, the isolated use of ICT is not the final solution. Data and information produced by ICT enhance the capabilities of Transport System Models (TSM) to reproduce the mobility phenomenon as a dynamic and evolving system [14]. At the same time, the combination among ICT, transport and energy empowers transport planning, supporting decision makers in configuring infrastructures and services that respond to mobility needs and, at the same time, limiting the use of natural resources and, in particular, energy consumptions [15]. One of the main examples of this development direction is represented by the Mobility as a Service (MaaS) paradigm [16]. MaaS is a user-centered form of mobility enabled by the combination of ICT and Transport System Models (TSM) potentialities linked to energy decisions. The final goal is to offers alternatives to the unsustainable mobility of people and goods to optimize the use of available resources, including energy ([4; 17; 18]). In the face of the indications of the UN and the EU, the directions of sustainable development have not been pursued with strength and determination by the cities, as also highlighted in the 2020 report of the European Court of Auditors (ECA) [19], which reads: \"there is no clear indication that cities are functionally changing their approaches. In particular, there is no clear trend towards more sustainable modes of transport\". On this basis, it is possible to see that the smart city, in terms of theory rules and implementation at different planning time scales, is a direction that allows for the achievement of the sustainability objectives of Agenda 2030. In the framework defined by Agenda 2030, schematized in Figure 1, the main goal of the paper is to identify the smart city as a central direction for achieving the crucial, direct and indirect goals identified by Agenda 2030 for urban areas. The goal of the paper is pursued through three objectives. The first objective concerns the analysis of the processes applied at European level to implement the smart city, with reference to the interaction of theories, rules and implementations, highlighting the planning dimensions within which the smart city process develops and linking this new process to the most important territorial development processes of the last 50 years. The second objective concerns the methods of implementation of the smart city, in Europe, in the strategic horizon, defined as the master level. It is a question of verifying how it should be specified in terms of rules within the Urban Plans for Sustainable Mobility for people and freight. The third objective is even more specific and concerns how to implement the smart city in sectoral plans in short time horizons. It is a question of verifying how the development direction of the smart city becomes a reality usable by citizens in mobility through the MaaS. Identifying the general goal and pursuing the three defined objectives is the novelty of the paper. In fact, there are no works in the literature that make it possible to directly link the focal goals, defined by the 2030 Agenda, with the daily life of citizens. The paper produces these successive zooms: starting from Agenda 2030, passing through the internationally consolidated planning tools, specifying what happens in the strategic masterplans and detailing with the operational tools. Reconstructing this path is particularly important because it allows us to verify to what extent countries and, subordinately, cities pursue sustainable development. The contribution that the paper can give to scientific development is to identify the smart city as the main path to follow in mobility planning tools to pursue sustainability objectives.