###### Abstract  
Multifunctional cementitious composites have been widely recommended for transportation infrastructure due to their versatile applications. These advanced materials can serve multiple functions, including structural health monitoring (SHM), traffic management, de-icing and snow melting, cathodic protection, grounding, energy harvesting, and shielding against electromagnetic interference (EMI). Given their effectiveness in transportation infrastructure, the authors of this paper, as part of the In2 Track2 and In2 Track3 projects funded by the European Union, have conducted extensive research in this field. Complementary to the objectives of these projects, this review paper provides a comprehensive analysis of the key components of conductive pavements, including conductive fillers, matrix materials, electrode configurations, conductive mechanisms, and factors influencing the electrical properties of these systems. Additionally, it discusses the practical applications of conductive pavements. By integrating insights from various aspects of this advanced pavement technology, this paper serves as a valuable resource for researchers and practitioners seeking to advance the development and implementation of conductive pavements. multifunctional cementitious composites; pavement; piezoresistivity; conductive fillers; transportation infrastructures +
Footnote †: journal: Applied Sciences  
* [2]  
Multifunctional cementitious composites are categorized as cement paste, mortar, concrete, concrete, and geocomposite based on their components [9]. The development of multifunctional cementitious composites began in the 1990s [10]. Since then, multifunctional cementitious composites have been extensively studied. For example, a study on multifunctional cement-stabilized sand was conducted at the University of Minho, Portugal, with the aim of detecting stress/strain and damage [11]. The resulting multifunctional geocomposite is intended for application in a segment of the railway network, specifically within two transition zones of a Portuguese railway line [12]. Cementitious materials have been extensively used in civil engineering infrastructures [13]. Traditional cementitious materials can be enhanced to become self-sensing cementitious composites following the addition of conductive fillers [14]. The integration of conductive fillers into cementitious composites offers not only self-sensing capabilities, but also facilitates additional functionalities such as self-heating, energy harvesting (EH), cathodic protection (CP), and electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding [15; 16; 17]. These fillers are primarily categorized into metal-based and carbon derivatives [18]. In prior studies, various types of conductive fillers, including metallic and carbon-based, have been employed in the production of multifunctional cementitious composites [19]. However, carbonaceous conductive fillers are more compatible with cementitious composites and integrate better with the host materials [18]. Carbonaceous materials such as carbon fibers (CFs), carbon nanotubes (CNTs), and graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs), among others, have been widely utilized in the production of multifunctional cementitious composites [20]. For example, [PERSON] et al. (2025) [21] utilized carbon fibers (CFs) of two different lengths to enhance the shielding effectiveness (SE) of cementitious composites for electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding. Their findings demonstrated optimal EMI performance, achieving an SE of 65.3 dB at 1 GHz and 44.5 dB in the X-band when incorporating 6 mm and 2 mm CFs in a 7:3 ratio. Similarly, [PERSON] et al. (2024) [22] reported that the electrical conductivity of CF-reinforced cementitious composites is influenced by fiber length. Conductivity increased as the CF length increased from 1 mm to 12 mm but declined when the length exceeded 12 mm.