## 3 Materials and Methods
### AI-Based Models Employed

Table 4: A summary of the feature selection methods employed in this work. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c l l l l l l} \hline \hline
**Order** & **Method** & **Description** & **Key Parameters** & **Advantages** & **Disadvantages** & **Reference** \\ \hline
19 & Crow Search & Model rows’ intelligence to hide and retrieve solutions. & Awareness & Effective for global & May converge & [86] \\  & Algorithm (CSA) & hide and retrieve solutions. & probability, flight & optimization. & & slowly. & [87] \\ \hline
20 & Dragonfly Algorithm & Simulates static and dynamic swarming & Separation, alignment, cohesion weights & Effective for & Computationally & \\  & (DA) & Inspired by ravens’ & Awareness & feature-rich & intensive for & [87] \\  & (DA) & behavior of dragonflies. & cohesion weights & datasets. & & large-scale & \\ \hline
21 & Raven Roosting & Inspired by ravens’ & Awareness & Effective for & & \\  & Optimization (RRO) & intelligence and cooperation & probability, social & combinatorial & & \\  & Algorithm (WCA) & radio optimization. & behavior & problems. & & validation. & [88] \\ \hline
22 & Shuffled Frog-Leaping & Mimics frog leaping & Number of frogs, & & & \\  & Algorithm (SFLA) & behavior for cooperative & memeplex & Good exploration & & \\  & optimization. & optimization. & division & properties. & & parameters. & [89] \\ \hline
23 & Seagull Optimization & Mimics the behavior of & & Balances & May require & \\  & Algorithm (SOA) & seagulls in their search for & None & exploration and & & parameter \\  & & food & exploitation. & fine-tuning. & & \\ \hline
24 & Salp Swarm Algorithm & Simulates salps’ chain-based movement in the search & Number of salps, & & & \\  & space. & adaptive & properties. & & parameter tuning. & [91] \\ \hline
25 & Elephant Herding & Simulates the social & & & Handles & \\  & Optimization (EHO) & behavior of elephants in & Clan size, & multimodal & Sensitive to & \\  & & herds. & migration rate & problems & parameter settings. & [92] \\ \hline
26 & Harris Hawks & Mimics the cooperative & & & & \\  & Optimization (HHO) & hunting strategy of [PERSON] & None & exploration and & & May require & \\  & hawks. & & & exploitation. & & fine-tuning for large & \\ \hline
27 & Grasshopper & Mimics swarming behavior & & & & \\  & Optimization & of grasshoppers for & & & & \\  & Algorithm (GOA) & optimization. & & & & \\ \hline
28 & Sine Cosine Algorithm & Uses sine and cosine & Amplitude & & & \\  & (SCA) & functions to guide search. & control & & & \\ \hline
29 & Ant Lion Optimization & Simulates ant lion’s hunting & & & & \\  & (ALO) & mechanism to find optimal & Elite rate, trap & Strong exploration & & \\  & (ALO) & solutions. & radius & and exploitation. & & \\ \hline
30 & Glowworm Swarm & Inspired by glowworms’ & & & & \\  & Optimization (CSO) & luminescence for & & & \\  & decision-making. & & & & \\ \hline
31 & Monkey Search & Model monkeys’ climbing & & & & \\  & Algorithm (MSA) & behavior to search for & & & \\  & & solutions. & jumping rate & & \\ \hline
32 & Biogeography-Based & & & & \\  & Optimization (BBO) & Model species migration & Migration rate, & & \\  & optimization. & mutation rate & optimization & & \\  & & optimization. & & & \\ \hline
33 & Cultural Algorithm & Incorporates cultural & Knowledge space, & & \\  & evolution principles for & acceptance & & & \\  & optimization. & criteria & & & \\ \hline
34 & Wolf Colony & Simulates the hunting and & & & \\  & Algorithm (WCA) & social behavior of wolves. & Number of & & \\  & & social, house, hunting & & & \\  & & social, house, hunting & problems. & & \\ \hline
35 & Flower Pollination & Simulates the pollination & Switch & & Handles & \\  & Algorithm (FPA) & process of flowers. & probability, step & multimodal & & \\  & & size & & optimization. & \\ \hline
36 & Whale Optimization & Enhanced Whale & & & \\  & Algorithm with & Optimization Algorithm & Adaptation rate & & \\  & Adaptive Parameters & with Adaptive Parameters. & & & \\  & & & & \\  & & & & \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}