## 4 Discussion
### Traditional Measurements but Novel Meanings  
For the 32 street vending locations identified by this study, our results showed that the prediction powers of 'through-movement' were generally stronger than those of 'tomevement', particularly within the Top 10% of spatial cores (Figure 3). However, in theory, street vendor locations are highly related to pedestrian movement, leading to a close relationship with 'to-movement'. For example, previous studies indicate that Integration, representing potential 'to-movement', can be applied to predict pedestrian movement, while Choice, demonstrating potential 'through-movement', is more related to commercial land use [1; 2; 14]. These inconsistent results suggest that street vending locations might be more associated with economic activities than pedestrian movement, although both aspects influenced them. In addition, one interviewee said: \"I can always buy some food and drinks from vendors when I need them. They are everywhere\". This reveals that coupled with mobility and uncertainty features, most local people consider street vending locations as non-destinations (i.e., not for to-movement). Consistent with a previous study in Changchun, China, [PERSON] et al. (2014) distinguish the nuanced associations of Integration and Choice with different types of commercial activity [45]. They noticed that specialty stores prefer to-movement, and department stores and supermarkets favour through-movement. One explanation is that because specialty stores sell a specific range of merchandise (e.g., medicines), they are the necessary destination when the demand for those goods arise. We found that, unlike specialty stores, most street vendors who sell low-cost products and commodities for basic, daily needs (e.g., vegetables, fruits and breakfast/snacks), are more suited to through-movement with a non-destination-based purpose. Also, it is worth noting that due to the street vending locations in our studies being identified by urban managers (i.e., unmanageable areas with recurring vendors), some locations with both few and also high mobile vendor numbers are potentially excluded from our study, meaning that the throughout (or Choice measurement) could be more clearly associated with the distribution of street vendors in actuality. This suggests that the through-movement measurement can be used in predicting suitable spaces for designing temporary street markets, which could meet people's everyday demands and promote urban regeneration, especially with the rise of the street vending economy in many Chinese cities. Our study found that compared with individual measurements of Integration and Choice among the top 10% and 20% spatial cores, the prediction powers of 'Combined Centrality' for street vending locations are not always higher (Figure 3). This is inconsistent with the concept of'movement economy', namely, Integration and Choice coincide to capture the areas of highest through- and to-movement potential [15; 16; 46]. Despite previous studies highlighting that the location of greatest overlap is likely to be where the potential is highest for the products of urban movement economies to take root [31; 47], the potential difference between the overlap locations and vending locations indicate that street vendors have their own knowledge and complex 'cognitive map' of the city. This suggests that street vending locations are not simply related to pedestrian movement or economic activity, thus deserving a more detailed examination of the spatial network configuration and related demands. Furthermore, established land uses in a given area may be inherently a response to the street network as suggested in the'movement economy' theory, but Chinese city planners and governors have the power to plan land uses and build amenities, based on their assumptions and experiences in a top-down way [48].