# The Architecture of the Access Protocols of the Global Infocommunication Resources +
## 4 Discussion  
The international standard \"Media independent handover\" [15] formalizes the VHO procedure. However, the implementation method remains open. Using a decentralized last-mile access architecture using VHO by selecting the most appropriate of all possible networks using terminal device hardware and software has the following disadvantages:  
Figure 9: The dependence of the information speed of the real-time access radio network on the last mile on the probability of denial of service. Increasing the cost of terminal devices that must implement many protocols and contain special software that can form the criteria and selection procedures;  
Increasing complexity of terminal devices in the process of developing new and new technologies, standards and access procedures, the need to replace functional terminal devices with new ones due to the emergence of new technologies;  
Complex algorithms for interaction of network elements and, as a result, intensive exchange of service traffic using last-mile resources. For example, on LTE networks, service traffic exceeds the intensity of user traffic;  
Increase in energy consumption of terminal devices, which is unacceptable for devices with Autonomous power supply, such as sensory devices of the Internet of things. A decentralized architecture based on the use of a complex terminal multifunctional device Software Defined Radio (SDR) has been studied in [13; 14]. The task of the SDR was to collect data on the status of available access networks and their ability to provide the required quality of service in the last mile, and to select a network that is capable of providing high-speed data transfer modes. VHO organization using SDR is only one of the solutions to the problem of choosing a network for access to global infocommunication resources. There is no alternative to this approach in special purpose networks that function in the interests of civil defense, state security, and law enforcement [16]. In these cases, the autonomy and efficiency of communication that terminal devices support is more important than their cost. At the same time, public access networks do not need complex and expensive terminals. Efficiency will only increase if terminal devices become cheaper and do not need to be replaced when new communication technologies become available. The centralized access architecture creates enlarged pools of network resources and improves multiplexing, multiple access, and switching technologies. In contrast to those mentioned, this study sets out requirements for a centralized architecture for selecting a last-mile access network (see Figure 1). It involves adding a new aggregating device to the network elements of a heterogeneous access network, which is able to comprehensively analyze the state of all available access networks, terminal devices and existing requests for communication services. Access control turns into choosing the best network for each communication session at every moment in time at every point in space. The AD is connected to all terminals and access networks and provides:  
- Saving and analyzing data about available wireless access networks;  
- Making decisions about choosing the best network according to the available criteria for all communication sessions;  
- Dynamic reallocation of network resources between active terminals during their movement in space;  
- Overload protection of individual networks,  
- practical implementation of the ABC concept. An aggregating device, every time when deciding on a suitable installed for connection of radio access, is based on existing consolidated data collected from all available access networks in a coverage area which falls terminal device and the type of requested service. In this case, the requirements for hardware and software components of terminals are less than in the decentralized approach. It is assumed that each terminal device supports a typical interface for interacting with the network aggregator.