# A Framework for the Evaluation of the Cultural Heritage Information Ontology
## 2 Related Work
### Non-Ontological Resources  
Comprehensive knowledge-serving ontologies dedicated to heritage buildings can be found in non-ontological resources that should be researched and investigated to validate integration. Among these resources, we find glossaries, vocabularies, taxonomies, classification systems, conceptual schemas, and catalogues/databases devoted to heritage buildings, as well as data models for the industry foundation classes (IFC).  
Vocabularies and glossaries are good sources of information on terminology. They often provide detailed descriptions and structured, indexed, and simplified access for fast retrieval of information. Among those dedicated to cultural heritage, mainly focused on tangible heritage as buildings, the following can be highlighted: the Building and Construction Glossary [30], the UNESCO World Heritage Center Glossary [31], the Getty Vocabularies [32], and the Forum on Information Standards in Heritage (FISH) [33].  
Taxonies, as hierarchically structured and classified information resources, can be consulted for a more effective organization of the documentation of a project. The WAND Building and Construction Management Taxonomy [34] counts 4565 terms and over 3000 synonyms of concepts, equipment, processes, and types of documents for any building and construction project. It suggests tagging and organizing project documents. It is linked to the WAND Product and Service Taxonomy (materials, equipment, and supplies).  
Other resources assisting in the organization of information are classification systems. One example is the ISO 12006-2:2015 Building construction--Organization of information about construction works--Part 2: Framework for classification. The standard aids organizations to develop classification systems applied to the complete life cycle of construction works. The third part of the same standard, EN ISO 12006-3:2016 (Building construction--Organization of information about construction works--Part 3: Framework for object-oriented information, identifies a language-independent information model, which enables applications as the buildingSMART Data Dictionary (bSDD). The bSDD presents classifications and their properties, allowed values, units, and translations, working as a semantic mapping tool for construction-related terms.  
Specifically focused on historic buildings, the EU-CHIC project [35], proposes a cultural heritage identity card, supporting sustainable interventions on historic sites and monuments. The suggested database schema advises eight entities: names and references, location, functional type, dating, construction, current physical condition, protection/legal status, and major risks.  
As previously noted, digitalization in construction, strongly connected to the use of information models, is advantageous for the heritage domain, and the industry foundation classes (IFC) are a resource that can be used as an exchange format for BIM, specifying a conceptual data schema for the built asset industry. The data schema is specified in the ISO 16739-1:2018 industry foundation classes (IFC) for data sharing in the construction and facility management industries--Part 1: Data schema.