## 4 Results
### Results of the Estimated PV Potential from Solar EVs on Donghae Expressway
Therefore, comparing the average values of PV potential on the two days was not meaningful. To evaluate the potential of a solar EV driven in all sections of the Donghae expressway (Sections A, B, and C) for approximately 2 h, the following method was used. The PV power potential values presented in Table 6 reflect the length and driving time of each road section; therefore, these values can be considered the power generated at the time of entering the road section. For example, assume that a solar EV leaves its starting point at 1 p.m. on a day and travels through Sections A, B, and C at a constant speed of 60 km/h and arrives at the endpoint at 3:00 p.m. As it takes off in Section A at 1 p.m., it has a generation potential of 0.090 kWh. As it passes through Section B at 1:36 p.m., it generates 0.1836 kWh (the value at the 60 th percentile between the values of 0.189 and 0.180 at 1:00 and 2:00 p.m., respectively). As it enters Section C at 2:30 p.m., it generates 0.0435 kWh \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c c} \hline \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**Date**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**Time**} & \multicolumn{3}{c}{**Ratio of Unpowered Area (\%)**} & \multicolumn{3}{c}{**PV Potential (kWh)**} \\ \cline{3-8}  & & **Section A** & **Section B** & **Section C** & **Section A** & **Section B** & **Section C** \\ \hline \multirow{8}{*}{Summer \(\begin{array}{c}\text{Solstice}\\ \text{15:00}\end{array}\)} & 07:00 & 28.9 & 31.3 & 33.2 & 0.026 & 0.018 & 0.008 \\  & 08:00 & 15.8 & 28.3 & 25.6 & 0.059 & 0.024 & 0.015 \\  & 09:00 & 13.9 & 22.8 & 25.2 & 0.086 & 0.048 & 0.017 \\  & 10:00 & 12.7 & 21.2 & 24.7 & 0.106 & 0.068 & 0.021 \\  & 11:00 & 12.7 & 21.0 & 24.6 & 0.103 & 0.120 & 0.045 \\  & 12:00 & 12.7 & 21.0 & 24.5 & 0.076 & 0.171 & 0.075 \\  & 13:00 & 12.7 & 21.0 & 24.5 & 0.090 & 0.189 & 0.065 \\  & 14:00 & 12.7 & 21.0 & 24.5 & 0.109 & 0.180 & 0.051 \\  & 15:00 & 12.7 & 21.1 & 25.5 & 0.120 & 0.127 & 0.036 \\  & 16:00 & 14.5 & 25.4 & 26.0 & 0.053 & 0.120 & 0.022 \\  & 17:00 & 24.5 & 26.5 & 34.1 & 0.031 & 0.096 & 0.012 \\  & 18:00 & 31.6 & 34.0 & 39.0 & 0.029 & 0.045 & 0.006 \\ \cline{2-8}  & Average & 17.1 & 24.6 & 27.6 & 0.074 & 0.101 & 0.031 \\ \hline \multirow{8}{*}{Winter \(\begin{array}{c}\text{Solstice}\\ \text{15:00}\end{array}\)} & 09:00 & 33.1 & 34.4 & 39.2 & 0.012 & 0.015 & 0.013 \\  & 10:00 & 30.2 & 31.9 & 37.0 & 0.027 & 0.040 & 0.034 \\ \cline{1-1}  & 11:00 & 26.7 & 29.9 & 33.8 & 0.035 & 0.063 & 0.053 \\ \cline{1-1}  & 12:00 & 25.2 & 29.2 & 33.0 & 0.060 & 0.078 & 0.065 \\ \cline{1-1}  & 13:00 & 26.5 & 30.2 & 34.4 & 0.074 & 0.088 & 0.065 \\ \cline{1-1}  & 14:00 & 28.9 & 32.4 & 36.5 & 0.065 & 0.082 & 0.058 \\ \cline{1-1}  & 15:00 & 31.7 & 35.1 & 38.7 & 0.039 & 0.063 & 0.041 \\ \cline{1-1}  & 16:00 & 32.5 & 35.7 & 40.4 & 0.019 & 0.039 & 0.018 \\ \cline{1-1}  & 17:00 & 33.1 & 36.2 & 40.5 & 0.005 & 0.010 & 0.008 \\ \cline{1-1} \cline{2-8}  & Average & 29.8 & 32.8 & 37.1 & 0.037 & 0.053 & 0.039 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 6: PV potential of one solar car on the summer solstice and winter solstice. (the midpoint between the values of 0.051 and 0.036 at 2:00 and 3:00 p.m. respectively), for a total of 0.3171 kWh generated (charged). If a solar EV is driven simultaneously on the same day at sunset, a total of 0.2079 kWh is generated, including 0.074 kWh in Section A, 0.0844 kWh in Section B, and 0.0495 kWh in Section C. This is automatically calculated using the departure time from the electricity generation database by the time of year for each section of the Donghae expressway. Solar EVs consume electricity while driving and charge simultaneously. The electricity consumption estimated from the electricity cost of a solar EV and the mileage of the Donghae expressway is equivalent to 22.138 kWh. Therefore, the values of electricity consumption compared with electricity charge during the driving time of the solar EV are approximately 1.43% for the summer solstice and 0.94% for the winter solstice. The ratio of electricity consumption to charging during the driving time is somewhat lower than these values.