# Construction 4.0: A Systematic Review of Its Application in Developing Countries
## 5 Awareness, Understanding, Application, and Challenges of Construction 4.0
### Challenges to Implementing Construction 4.0
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{p{142.3 pt} p{142.3 pt} p{142.3 pt}} \hline \hline
**Challenges** & **Challenges** & **Ways to Overcome Challenges** \\ \hline Skill gap in IoT development & Implementing Construction 4.0 technologies need a proficient staff capable of utilising and overseeing sophisticated digital tools and equipment. & Offering sufficient training and upskilling programmes for construction experts and workers is crucial to close the skills gap and guarantee the effective use of contemporary building methods. \\ \hline Data production, protection, management [49, 53] & Construction 4.0 produces extensive data from sensors, drones, and BIM models, requiring effective data management and security measures. Construction organisations have substantial hurdles in managing, analysing, and safeguarding these data. & Securing data privacy, integrity, and cybersecurity is crucial to protect sensitive information and maintain trust with stakeholders, not least in developing countries. \\ \hline Cost and return on investment [49, 61] & Construction 4.0 technologies provide several advantages including enhanced efficiency, productivity, and quality, but the initial expenditure is likely to be substantial. & To obtain a positive ROI, one must perform a thorough cost-benefit analysis, engage in long-term planning, and implement efficient project management to support the integration of contemporary technologies and guarantee financial gain. \\ \hline Regulation and standardisation [47, 61] & The regulations and laws concerning the use of new technology in building are always developing. Businesses implementing Construction 4.0 principles may have difficulty in complying with regulations, standards, and safety, quality, and liability concerns. & It is crucial to address legal and regulatory obstacles to reduce risks and guarantee adherence to industry norms. Therein, standardisation will help broker greater uptake of Construction 4.0. \\ \hline Culture change [73] and resistance to change [49] & Developing countries may be resistant to a change in the way things have always been done. As such, implementing Construction 4.0 would require a substantial culture change in the construction industry towards a more collaborative, data-driven, and digitally enabled project delivery strategy. & Overcoming reluctance to change, cultivating an innovative culture, and encouraging cooperation among stakeholders are crucial for the effective implementation and approval of contemporary building methods. Education is key in identifying the short- and long-term benefits of Construction 4.0. \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 5: _Cont._that is at least as good as what a person would have achieved is called machine learning, which is another term for artificial intelligence. Artificial intelligence is unquestionably a result of these types of processes. Ref. [77] concluded that for policy makers to successfully adopt Construction 4.0, they need to pay equal regard to the problems which, as previously stated, include technical, organisational, governmental, and fiscal issues. CPSs, Internet of Things devices, data storage, machine-to-machine communication, cloud computing, and other similar technologies all need high-speed, continuous broadband internet connectivity to operate in real time via integrated internet networks, which necessitates the existence of an efficient internet network [66]. Due to the real-time sharing of massive amounts of sensitive company data and information interchange throughout the whole supply chain network, there are concerns about an increased, low-latency, accessible bandwidth of the internet as well as about cybersecurity [28]. The absence of standards and benchmarks in developing countries is yet another challenge that technical experts and managers face in the context of digitalising company processes.