## 2 Related Work  
GS allows users to search for scholarly literature such as articles, books, theses, conference proceedings, and more. It is a valuable resource for researchers, students, and educators, as it allows users to easily find and access a wide range of academic materials. In addition to searching for publications by keyword, GS allows the filtering of the search results in several ways, such as by date of publication, language, and type of publication (e.g., a journal article or conference proceedings). Advanced search options may also be used to refine the search results further.  
Researchers and practitioners have long been interested in learning the structure of knowledge and monitoring the evolution of various research topics, key issues for analysing the dynamics of scientific research, and exploring the knowledge structure of disciplines. Three types of research methodologies, content analysis, model-based approach and bibliometrics, have extensively investigated the dynamic distribution of research topics. GS is considered one of the most commonly used tools for extracting scholarly literature works and tracking the publication citations [2; 4]. Diverse aspects of GS have been explored in depth in the existing literature.  
One of the most widely applicable areas of research is identifying much cited publications through GS. [PERSON] et al. [5] conducted a study to evaluate the effectiveness of GS as a metric for assessing its scientific evaluation. Multiple databases pertaining to publication evidence were explored and compared to GS to identify its effectiveness in various subdisciplines to find out whether in some disciplines GS might surpass comparable databases, such as WOS and Scopus. Their findings demonstrated that despite GS's increasing use and adoption by the research community, some incurring challenges remained regarding index quality, which could be easily manipulated. Therefore, GS cannot be considered as a standard metric for citation counts [2]. Many studies consider GS as an additional source when measuring scientific flows and evaluations [6; 7].  
[PERSON] et al. [7; 8] conducted a study to evaluate citations of much-cited documents in various databases, Web of Science (WOS) and Scopus, comparing it with GS. An overlap of these citations was found in the three databases, GS being the superset and encompassing the majority of those citations. They demonstrated the supremacy and generality of GSby including citations from the most cited documents in 256 subject areas. Further, a longitudinal study was conducted to compare the three databases and evaluate their coverage in terms of publications and citations. Five major disciplines were covered in this study to highlight GS's significance [9]. Unlike previous studies, which considered GS to be stronger than other databases, this study found the citation and publication coverage of the three databases (GS, Scopus, and WOS) to be similar.  
GS has revolutionized the search criteria of academic knowledge, emerging as the largest search engine of scholarly data. It covers nearly 87% of all scholarly publications [10]. More recently, [PERSON] et al. (2018, 2021) presented a comprehensive study on Google Scholars Classic Papers Product (GSCP) to measure the data overlap between GS, Web of Sciences and Scopus [7,8]. In terms of data coverage, GS was the leader in academic data searches, beyond WOS and Scopus. Of a total of 2,448,055 papers, 46.9% were covered by all academic sources, while the remaining 36.9% were indexed only by GS.  
Overall, GS is a powerful tool for finding research papers on specific keywords or topics. It allows an easy search for papers from a wide range of sources and disciplines and provides advanced search options to refine the results.