# LabConcept--A New Mobile Healthcare Platform for Standardizing Patient Results in Telemedicine
## 2 The LabConcept's Architecture  
Digitalization is a process that has been present for many years in our lives and it is in continuous development. It helps us to work more efficiently, to communicate faster and to live more reliably [9]. The healthcare sector is also changing thanks to digitalization, and nowadays, the results of the blood assays performed in a central or a private lab are sent to the patient via e-mail to reduce the turnaround time. Telemedicine has the ability to improve healthcare service delivery, even in the areas that are hard to communicate with, such as rural areas. The medical physicians and the institutions that will vote for telemedicine must obey the legal terms in order for the medical act to be performed properly and in a safe manner [10]. In general terms, telemedicine consists of a bi-directional communication channel between two terminals, corresponding to both the patient and the doctor, through which important information regarding the patient's clinical state flows, as presented in Figure 1. This information can include pictures, video and audio calls, electronic prescriptions or anything else from which the doctor extracts data that help him in a correct diagnostic [11]. Most consultations are based on the blood assay results because the blood tests represent one of the key diagnostic analyses in almost all human disorders [12]. Most laboratories from Romania restrict the practice of sending the results via e-mail to the patient due to the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR). For this fact, they choose to print the validated results file and deliver it stamped and signed to the patient in physical form. In this case, the transfer from the physical to the digital form of the assay results must be performed very simply because not all the patients are skilled with the use of the mobile phone or the personal computer. The result loading process is simplified and automatically performed thanks to the authors' novel idea of printing on the assay bulletin a QR code containing the results for every blood test domain (blood gas, coagulation, immunoassay, urine, hematology, biochemistry) as presented in the model in Figure 2.  
Figure 1: General telemedicine organizational chart which involves bi-directional information exchange between the patient and the doctor. Figure 2: Example of the proposed standardized quick response (QR) code embedded in the result bulletin for a set of hematology and coagulation blood assays results issued by the laboratory. The LabConcept software platform has the ability to scan the QR codes of the blood assays and upload them in a locally stored database on the mobile device that can be sent along with other details directly via e-mail, in a safe and secured manner to the medical doctor in order to be further interpreted. The QR codes can be easily processed in Matlab for this simulation via its toolbox [13]. The QR code technique was chosen for this application because it has multiple advantages in daily use. The QR codes are quick, error-free, large content, accessible, easy to use and are already implemented in healthcare (patient identification, hospital marketing, medical equipment and patient follow-up information), restaurants (virtual menus), business to business (automatic product sorting, inventory exchange, virtual business cards), airports (gate access and boarding pass) and classroom activities (attendance taking, presentation and notes delivery). There are mobile phones that have already embedded the QR codes scanning option by default in their operating system. After the results are uploaded with the help of an extremely simple and automatic method, the platform can pre-diagnose the user's overhaul health by selecting the desired blood domain and the data that were previously uploaded. Based on the preinstalled decision rules, the results are analyzed with a simple selection of a functional button and a message dialogue appears with a specific diagnostic in correspondence with the analyzed results.