## 3 Results  
Patients were divided into four groups according to fracture type and treatment method (Tables 2 and 3). Groups 1 and 2 included 27 patients treated with percutaneous Kirschner wires (PKW). Group 1 included 18 patients (mean age: 65 years) with extra-articular fractures, while Group 2 included 9 patients (mean age: 66.2 years) with intra-articular fractures. Groups 3 and 4 consisted of 15 patients treated with volar locking plates (VLP). Group 3 included six patients (mean age: 49.1 years) with extra-articular fractures, and Group 4 included nine patients (mean age: 60.8 years) with intra-articular fractures (Table 2). \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c} \hline \hline  & **Category** & **Score** & **Findings** \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{(1)} & & 25 & No pain \\  & & 20 & Mild, occasional \\  & & 15 & Moderate, tolerable \\  & & 0 & Severe to intolerable \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{(2)} & & 25 & Returned to regular employment \\  & & 20 & Restricted employment \\  & & 15 & Able to work, unemployed \\  & & 0 & Unable to work because of pain \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{(3)} & & 25 & 100\% or 120\({}^{\circ}\) or more \\  & & 15 & 75–100\% or 90–120\({}^{\circ}\) \\  & Range of motion (25 points) & 10 & 50–75\% or 60–90\({}^{\circ}\) \\  & & 5 & 25–50\% or 30–60\({}^{\circ}\) \\  & & 0 & 0–25\% or 30\({}^{\circ}\) or less \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{(4)} & & 25 & 100\% \\  & & 15 & 75–100\% \\ \cline{1-1}  & & 10 & 50–75\% \\ \cline{1-1}  & & 5 & 25–50\% \\ \cline{1-1}  & & 0 & 0–25\% \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 1: Mayo Wrist Score. At the final follow-up, both treatment groups demonstrated satisfactory clinical outcomes, with no statistically significant differences in functional scores. Patients treated with VLP fixation exhibited slightly better mean DASH, PRWE, and Mayo scores compared to those treated with PKW, particularly in intra-articular fractures. However, these differences did not reach statistical significance (\(p\) > 0.05), suggesting comparable long-term functional recovery between the two techniques. For extra-articular fractures, patients treated with VLP fixation showed lower disability and pain scores compared to those treated with PKW. Although there was a trend toward improved functional outcomes in the VLP group, the differences did not reach statistical significance (Figure 1 and Table 4). For intra-articular fractures, the VLP group exhibited better functional outcomes in all three scoring systems. However, the differences between the groups were not statistically significant, indicating that both techniques provided comparable long-term recovery (Figure 2 and Table 5). \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c} \hline
**Extra-Articular Fractures** & **DASH (SD)** & **PRWE (SD)** & **MAVO (SD)** \\ \hline VLP & 1.5 (0.8) & 1.3 (0.6) & 95 (4.5) \\ \hline PKW & 6.4 (2.1) & 2.9 (1.5) & 86.1 (6.2) \\ \hline \(p\) value & 0.5007 & 0.4069 & 0.2406 \\ \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 4: Functional outcome scores of extra-articular fractures. PKW, percutaneous K. wire; VLP, polar locking plate. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c} \hline
**Groups** & **Number of Patients** & **Mean Age (SD)** & **Men** & **Women** \\ \hline
1. & Extra-articular fracture treated with PKW & 18 & 65 (9.59) & 5 & 13 \\ \hline
2. & Intra-articular fracture treated with PKW & 9 & 66.2 (8.18) & 2 & 7 \\ \hline
3. & Extra-articular fracture treated with VLP & 6 & 49.1 (11.81) & 4 & 2 \\ \hline
4. & Intra-articular fracture treated with VLP & 9 & 60.8 (12.18) & 4 & 5 \\ \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 2: Division of patients and demographics. SD, standard deviation; PKW, percutaneous K. wire; VLP, polar locking plate. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c} \hline
**Treatment** & **Number of Patients** & **Mean Age (SD)** & **Men** & **Women** \\ \hline PKW & 27 & 65.4 (9.17) & 7 & 20 \\ \hline VLP & 15 & 56.2 (13.33) & 8 & 7 \\ \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 3: Treatment technique and demographic of patients.