# Design of and Experimental Study on Drying Equipment for _Fritillaria ussuriensis_
## 2 Study on Drying Characteristics of _Frtiillaria ussuriensis_
### Establishment and Evaluation Analysis of Drying Model
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c} \hline
**Model** & **Temperature** & **Model Parameters** & \(\mathbf{R^{2}}\) & \(\mathbf{X^{2}}\) & **RMSE** \\ \hline Page & 45 \({}^{\circ}\)C & k = 0.0600, n = 1.22288 & 0.99465 & 4.2868 \(\times\) 10\({}^{-4}\) & 4.2868 \(\times\) 10\({}^{-4}\) \\ Page & 55 \({}^{\circ}\)C & k = 0.04013, n = 1.37067 & 0.98864 & 0.00103 & 0.00103 \\  & 65 \({}^{\circ}\)C & k = 0.06275, n = 1.71446 & 0.9955 & 4.14622 \(\times\) 10\({}^{-4}\) & 0.00562 \\ \hline Henderson Pabis & 45 \({}^{\circ}\)C & a = 1.151, k = 0.11829 & 0.99733 & 2.14169 \(\times\) 10\({}^{-4}\) & 2.14169 \(\times\) 10\({}^{-4}\) \\  & 55 \({}^{\circ}\)C & a = 1.18049, k = 0.11561 & 0.9846 & 0.0014 & 0.0014 \\  & 65 \({}^{\circ}\)C & a = 1.38909, k = 0.27927 & 0.99126 & 8.05106 \(\times\) 10\({}^{-4}\) & 8.05106 \(\times\) 10\({}^{-4}\) \\ \hline  & & a = 1.151 & & & \\  & 45 \({}^{\circ}\)C & k = 0.11829, & 0.99733 & 2.20862 \(\times\) 10\({}^{-4}\) & 2.20862 \(\times\) 10\({}^{-4}\) \\  & & c = \(-\)9.78203 \(\times\) 10\({}^{-6}\) & & & \\ Logarithmic & 55 \({}^{\circ}\)C & k = 0.11092, & 0.98488 & 0.00142 & 0.00142 \\  & & c = \(-\)0.01589 & & & \\  & & a = 1.38444 & & & \\  & 65 \({}^{\circ}\)C & k = 0.26946, & 0.99186 & 7.91351 \(\times\) 10\({}^{-4}\) & 7.91351 \(\times\) 10\({}^{-4}\) \\  & & c = \(-\)0.01195 & & & \\ \hline  & 45 \({}^{\circ}\)C & a = 2353.018, k\({}_{0}\) = 0.2, & & \\  & & b = 2351.992, k\({}_{1}\) = 0.20007 & 0.9926 & 6.11348 \(\times\) 10\({}^{-4}\) & 6.11348 \(\times\) 10\({}^{-4}\) \\ Midilli & 55 \({}^{\circ}\)C & a = 665.39831, k\({}_{0}\) = 0.2 & & \\  & & b = 664.39059, k\({}_{1}\) = 0.2002 & & & \\  & & a = 243.54842, k\({}_{0}\) = 0.2 & & & \\  & & b = 244.9064, k\({}_{1}\) = 0.20033 & 0.99337 & 6.44694 \(\times\) 10\({}^{-4}\) & 6.44694 \(\times\) 10\({}^{-4}\) \\ \hline  & 45 \({}^{\circ}\)C & a = 9.97316, b = 1.22091 & 0.99465 & 4.28609 \(\times\) 10\({}^{-4}\) & 4.28609 \(\times\) 10\({}^{-4}\) \\ Weibull & 55 \({}^{\circ}\)C & a = 10.44216, b = 1.36703 & 0.98864 & 0.00103 & 0.00103 \\  & 65 \({}^{\circ}\)C & a = 5.02734, b = 1.71218 & 0.9955 & 4.14588 \(\times\) 10\({}^{-4}\) & 4.14588 \(\times\) 10\({}^{-4}\) \\ \hline  & & a = 1.08817, & & & \\  & & b = 0.10283, & & & \\  & & c = 0.00341, & 0.99788 & 1.81197 \(\times\) 10\({}^{-4}\) & 1.81197 \(\times\) 10\({}^{-4}\) \\  & & d = \(-\)3.81804 \(\times\) 10\({}^{-5}\) & & & \\  & & a = 1.1066, & & & \\ Cubic & 55 \({}^{\circ}\)C & b = \(-\)0.09591, & & & \\  & & c = 0.00247, & & & \\  & & d = \(-\)1.16083 \(\times\) 10\({}^{-5}\) & & & \\  & & a = 1.24309, & & & \\  & & b = \(-\)0.2486, & & & \\  & & c = 0.01646, & & & \\  & & d = \(-\)3.55956 \(\times\) 10\({}^{-4}\) & & & \\ \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 2: Fitting Results. A comparison of the simulation results from the six models mentioned above reveals that all six models have R\({}^{2}\) values exceeding 0.98, indicating that these models can all represent the drying characteristics of _Fritillaria ussuriensis_. However, in contrast, the R\({}^{2}\) values of the Cubic model after fitting at three temperature points all exceed 0.99, approaching 1. The maximum value reaches 0.99788 at 45 \({}^{\circ}\)C, where both \(\chi^{2}\) and RMSE are minimized. Overall, compared with other models, this model outperforms the others in describing the drying kinetics curve of _Fritillaria ussuriensis_.