# Effects of Turbulence Modeling on the Simulation of Wind Flow over Typical Complex Terrains
## 5 Conclusions
In the wind turbine wake simulation, the Mod RSM model is also needed due to the anisotropic and nonequilibrium feature of the turbulence behind the wind turbine. In the future, the applicability of this modified model to the numerical simulations of the wind flow over complex terrain with different inlet conditions and stability, as well as the accuracy of this model to wind turbine wake simulation over complex terrain, can be further investigated. Conceptualization, G.M. and L.T. ; methodology, G.M. and L.T. ; software, G.M. ; validation, G.M. and Y.S. ; formal analysis, G.M. and Y.S. ; investigation, N.Z. and L.T; resources, N.Z. ; data curation, G.M. ; writing--original draft preparation, G.M. and Y.S. ; writing--review and editing, G.M. and Y.S. ; visualization, G.M. ; supervision, L.T. ; project administration, N.Z. ; funding acquisition, N.Z. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript. This work was funded by the National Key R&D Program of China (Gran No. 2022 YFB4201200), the Training Program of the Major Research Plan of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Gran No. 92252103), the Jiangsu Planned Projects for Postdoctoral Research Funds (Gran No. 2023 ZB383), and the Natural Science Foundation of Jingsu Province (Gran No. BK2024136). Not applicable. * _[PERSON] et al. (1984)_ [PERSON]; [PERSON] _Atmospheric Turbulence_; John Wiley & Sons Ltd.: Hoboken, NJ, USA, 1984. * [PERSON] (2012) [PERSON] _Modelling of Wind Turbine Wakes in Complex Terrain Using Computational Fluid Dynamics_; ProQuest Dissertations Publishing: Ann Arbor, MI, USA, 2012. * [PERSON] (2006) [PERSON] _Turbulence Modeling for CFD_; DCW Industries, Inc.: La Canada, CA, USA, 2006. * [PERSON] et al. (2016) [PERSON]; [PERSON]; [PERSON]; [PERSON]; [PERSON] The Actuator Disc Concept in PHOENICS. _Energy Procedia_**2016**, _94_, 269-277. [CrossRef]
* [PERSON] and [PERSON] (2007) [PERSON]; [PERSON] _An Introduction to Computational Fluid Dynamics: The Finite Volume Method_; Pearson Education Limited: Macao, China, 2007. * [PERSON] (2001) [PERSON] _Computational Fluid Dynamics: Principles and Applications_; Elsevier Science Ltd.: Amsterdam, The Netherlands, 2001. * [PERSON] et al. (2008) [PERSON]; [PERSON]; [PERSON] Modelling Wind Turbine Wakes in Complex Terrain. In Proceedings of the European Wind Energy Conference and Exhibition, Brussels, Belgium, 31 March-3 April 2008; Volume 1, pp. 382-398. * [PERSON] (2000) [PERSON] _Turbulent Flows_; Cambridge University Press: Cambridge, UK, 2000. * [PERSON] and [PERSON] (1993) [PERSON]; [PERSON] Appropriate Boundary-Conditions for Computational Wind Engineering Models Using the Kappa-Epsilon Turbulence Model. _J. Wind Eng. Ind. Aerdyn._**1993**, _46-47_, 145-153. [CrossRef]
* [PERSON] (1955) [PERSON] Characteristics of Turbulence in a Boundary Layer with Zero Pressure Gradient. _NACA Rep._**1955**, 1247. [CrossRef]
* [PERSON] et al. (1981) [PERSON]; [PERSON]; [PERSON]; [PERSON] Simulation of Effect of Wind Barriers on Airflow. _Trans. ASAE_**1981**, _24_, 1002-1008. [CrossRef]
* _ESDI (1985) ESDU 85020_; Characteristics of Atmospheric Turbulence Near the Ground. ESDU: Cranfield, UK, 1985. * [PERSON] et al. (2019) [PERSON]; [PERSON]; [PERSON]; [PERSON]; [PERSON] AD/RANS Simulations of Wind Turbine Wake Flow Employing the RSM Turbulence Model: Impact of Isotropic and Anisotropic Inflow Conditions. _Energies_**2019**, _12_, 4026. [CrossRef]
* [PERSON] and [PERSON] (2021) [PERSON]; [PERSON] Numerical Modeling of Freestream Turbulence Decay Using Different Commercial Computational Fluid Dynamics Codes. _J. Fluids Eng._**2021**, _143_, 041503. [CrossRef]
* [PERSON] et al. (1995) [PERSON]; [PERSON]; [PERSON] Prediction of Nonequilibrium Turbulent Flows with Explicit Algebraic Stress Models. _AIAA J._**1995**, _33_, 2026-2031. [CrossRef]
* Fluent Inc. (2001) Fluent Inc. _Modeling Turbulent Flows. Fluent Software Training TRN-99-003_; Fluent Inc.: New York, NY, USA, 2001.