## 5 Summary and Conclusions  
Here we have introduced the LiCSAR system for observing tectonic and volcanic terrain deformations using Sentinel-1 interferometric processing. The purpose of LiCSAR is to generate and disseminate open interferometric products in formats that are ready for direct use by the research community, particularly in the field of geohazards.  
The system aims to continuously monitor actively deforming regions and to provide a response to events such as earthquakes or volcanic eruptions. As of May 2020, the system has processed about 88,000 Sentinel-1 acquisitions and generated more than 270,000 interferograms (around 18 TB). Among the 1507 LiCSAR frames, 470 frames are related to 1024 volcanoes. Frames over priority tectonic zones are currently being updated to a 'rolling' status. This is now operational for about 150 frames. Frames covering active volcanoes are processed on a short-term basis (three updates per week), with specific processing structures being developed that should allow the generation of interferograms over all active volcanoes as soon as Sentinel-1 SLC data are available (a 'live' status). The 'live' status will also be applied temporarily to frames covering recent earthquakes. The products are provided for download and visualization in the LiCSAR portal (Figure 15 or [[https://comet.nerc.ac.uk/COMET-LiCS-portal](https://comet.nerc.ac.uk/COMET-LiCS-portal)]([https://comet.nerc.ac.uk/COMET-LiCS-portal](https://comet.nerc.ac.uk/COMET-LiCS-portal))).  
**Author Contributions:** Writing--Original Draft Preparation, M.L. and Y.M. ([PERSON]); Software, M.L., P.J.G., K.S., R.J.W., E.H., N.G., D.J., A.M. and J.R.W.; Investigation, F.A., Y.M. ([PERSON]), J.R.W. and J.E.; Writing--Review & Editing, J.E., E.H., F.A., Y.M. ([PERSON]), P.J.G., J.R.W., and C.S.W.; Supervision, T.J.W. and A.H.; Funding Acquisition, T.J.W. and A.H. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.  
**Funding:** This work is supported by The Natural Environment Research Council large grant, \"Looking inside the continents from Space\" (NE/K010867/1). [PERSON]. ([PERSON]) is supported by Japan Society for the Promotion of Science Overseas Research Fellowship. [PERSON] is supported by a Royal Society University Research Fellowship (UF150282). The APC was funded by the University of Leeds. D.J. has received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 731070 (EUROVOLC).  
Figure 15: Components of the LiCSAR web portal. (**a**) LiCSAR frame coverage and data download links, (**b**) example of an interactive displacement time series for an area of Turkey (frame ID 116A_05167_121313) derived using LiCSBAS, (**c**) example of an interferogram (of frame ID 116A_05167_121313) processed following the Elazig earthquake in Turkey (24 th January 2020), and (**d**) Earthquake InSAR Data Provider map showing live LiCSAR responses.  
COMET is the NERC Centre for the Observation and Modelling of Earthquakes, Volcanoes and Tectonics, a partnership between UK Universities and the British Geological Survey.  
This work used JASMIN, the UK's collaborative data analysis environment ([[http://jasmin.ac.uk](http://jasmin.ac.uk)]([http://jasmin.ac.uk](http://jasmin.ac.uk))). This paper contains modified Copernicus Sentinel data 2014-2019, processed by ESA, retrieved from NASA ASF DAAC, Copernicus SciHub or CEDA Archive, and analysed by COMET. COMET is the UK Natural Environment Research Council's Centre for the Observation and Modelling of Earthquakes, Volcanoes and Tectonics. Orbital ephemerides by Sentinel-1 Quality Control Subsystem. ASTER GDEM is a product of NASA and METL Some of the Stripmap and other frames were processed using the ALOS World 3D--1 arcsec DEM provided by the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency. Data from SRTM and TanDEM-X are used within the system. This work was partially undertaken on ARC4, part of the High Performance Computing facilities at the University of Leeds, UK.  
The authors declare no conflict of interest.