## 2 Materials and Methods
### Interpretability and Feature Importance
#### 2.7.1 Model Interpretability
It indicates that the virtual/face-to-face meetings are very frequent in organizational communication nowadays, just like sending emails. This can be attributed to the high efficiency of such meetings and conferences. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c} \hline \hline
**Attributes** & **Description** \\ \hline Degree & The number of connections that a specific PTR has with other PTRs. \\ \hline Organization & Refers to the type of company to which the project belongs. \\ \hline Division & This attribute refers to the area in which the PTR developed the functions in the project. \\ \hline Communication language & Communication Language refers to the most common communication language used by the PTR during the project life. \\ \hline Native language & It refers to the language that a person acquires in early childhood. \\ \hline Linguistic group & It is a group of related languages that have descended from a common ancestor. \\ \hline Ethnic group & Ethnic Group pertains to the characteristics of a group sharing a common and distinctive culture, religion, or language. \\ \hline Modularity class & This parameter is operationalized using the community detection algorithm to detect subgroups of nodes working together in the network [72]. \\ \hline Contact information & This attribute measures how often PTRs contact other PTRs during the project life. \\ \hline Level of leadership & This attribute refers to the administrative position of the PTR. \\ \hline Project team roles (PTRs) refer to the different roles within a project team. \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 4: Attributes used to analyze the projects in the IT company. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c} \hline \hline \multicolumn{4}{c}{**Distribution of Staff in Two Levels**} \\ \hline
**Projects** & **Leadership Level** & **Working Level** \\ \hline A & 114 & 271 \\ B & 42 & 145 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 5: The number of staff in leadership level and working level in the IT company. ### Leaders at a Global Consulting Company and an International Manufacturing Company

Apart from the real-world dataset about leaders in a social network at an IT company, the other two projects are from a global consulting company with 46 employees, and the other two projects are from a research team in an international manufacturing company with 77 employees. They can be found at the following URL: [[https://toreopsahl.com/datasets/#Cross_[PERSON]](https://toreopsahl.com/datasets/#Cross_Parker)]([https://toreopsahl.com/datasets/#Cross_Parker](https://toreopsahl.com/datasets/#Cross_Parker)) (accessed on 6 August 2024). Research by [PERSON] et al. [30,73] was used to validate the models. In addition to the relational data, the dataset also contains information about the people. The leadership level of a member in an organization is decided by the node attributes as well as the relationship with others. #### Features

To identify potential leaders, nodal attributes about people are extracted (Table 6). These attributes include the organizational level, gender, region, and location in the consulting company, location, tenure, and organizational level in the manufacturing company. The PTRs in each project are segmented and counted using the attribute \"level of leadership\". This attribute serves to indicate the potential leaders present in the project. Table 7 shows the distribution of this attribute according to leadership level and working level. For the two manufacturing company projects, each of them has six types of interactions. In the first manufacturing company project (project E), the ties among the researchers are distinguished based on the advice provided (\"Please specify the degree to which the people mentioned below offer you information to complete your work\"). The following scale is used to determine the weights: (1): Very Infrequently; (2): Infrequently; (3): Somewhat Infrequently; (4): Somewhat Frequently; (5): Frequently; and (6): Very Frequently.