## 4 BIM and Prefabricated Building Supply Chain  
BIM is recognized as an important strategic and digital tool to improve production and management efficiency in the architectural, engineering, and building sectors. Widely promoted as an information integration platform, BIM can help visualize and simulate construction processes using three-dimensional geometric information models, thus facilitating communication between participants [32]. With proper implementation, BIM can efficiently address many issues, including numerous changes at various phases of construction, a lack of coordination among project parties, and schedule and cost management [14]. BIM is now widely employed across the different stages of the prefabricated building life cycle [33]. The implementation of BIM in prefabricated building design can enable collaborative design optimization, component deepening, schematic design, and pre-planning [30], assessing component usage schedules and scenarios in advance, and quickly responding to the risk of disruptions in the supply chain. BIM can help support the flow of materials or building products, automatically generate the bill of quantities, and dynamically enrich the bill of quantities with model attributes. BIM can also help realize information sharing and integration, throughout the whole building lifecycle [34], addressing the problem of process fragmentation. Additionally, BIM helps to resolve issues with disconnected information transfer during the design, production, and building processes, as well as a lack of cooperation across different specialties [35]. Project participants can better understand each other's expectations and anticipate actions with a high level of information sharing. This is the key to effectively avoiding disruptions in the prefabricated building supply chain, improving supply chain resilience, and achieving effective project outcomes.  
BIM is increasingly integrated with other digital tools to produce benefits in the construction supply chain. For example, the combination of BIM and GIS can create a model of the visual building supply chain so that the actual materials at each point in the chain can be monitored and analyzed. Based on logistics situations, status of resource availability, and internal supply chain maps generated from the model, managers can send warning signals about materials when necessary. Managers can quickly determine root causes of delayed deliveries, achieving improved monitoring and management abilities in the construction supply chain [36]. To produce the best assembly sequences, the combined use of BIM and the Improved Genetic Algorithm (IGA) may graphically simulate and draw the prefabricated building models in a parametric manner. Additionally, it can minimize assembly sequence errors during construction by providing pre-construction training for professionals [37]. The combination of BIM with the Internet of Things (IoT) has resulted in the development of an intelligent BIM platform that enhances data collection and progress tracking while facilitating automated decision making. BIM paired with IoT with sensors can facilitate flexible sharing and transmission of information between various stakeholders, improving visibility and traceability of the entire process of prefabricated buildings. This help decision-makers develop awareness of unexpected situations and respond appropriately to the dynamic environment [38]. In summary, the use of BIM can realize prefabricated building design optimization, scheme design, and visualization of the entire building process; build a communication network among stakeholders to facilitate the openness, sharing, and integration of information; and provide timely risk warnings. Therefore, BIM plays an essential role in preserving supply chain stability for prefabricated buildings and lowering the disruption risk. It is a key tool to enhance the resilience of prefabricated building supply chains.