# Agriculture 5.0 in Colombia: Opportunities Through the Emerging 6G Network
## 1 Introduction
### Main Characteristics That Differentiate 6G vs. 5G  
Fifth-Generation Integrating AI directly into 6G networks marks a major step forward for smart farming, allowing for real-time data processing and faster, more responsive connectivity. These capabilities will facilitate continuous monitoring and automated decision-making in the field, optimizing resource use, improving productivity, and reducing waste (see Table 1). The combination of AI and 6G will enable the deployment of IoT sensors and collaborative systems, such as robots and digital twins, which will work in a coordinated way to address agricultural challenges such as climate change and labor shortages. This deployment will be a milestone in the evolution of Agriculture 5.0, enabling smarter, more sustainable, and resilient agriculture. The high speed and low latency of 6G will be critical in supporting advanced applications that require instant processing and predictive analytics, contributing to more efficient and personalized farm management. The main objective of this paper is to analyze the potential for implementing agricultural practices in Colombia through the utilization of 6G networks. The study explores the potential contributions of the IoT to the transformation of the agricultural sector, in \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c} \hline \hline
**Aspect** & **Agriculture 4.0** & **Agriculture 5.0** \\ \hline Main focus & Automation and digitization of processes & Human-machine integration with a sustainable and resilient approach \\ \hline Key technologies & IoT, big data, cloud computing, drones & Advanced AI, 6G, cobots, digital twins, blockchain, quantum computing \\ \hline Objective & Increase productivity and efficiency & Sustainability, personalization, and social well-being \\ \hline Human–machine interaction & Limited, machines perform repetitive tasks & Close collaboration, humans at the center of decision-making \\ \hline Sustainability & Less focus on environmental impact & High priority on sustainable and eco-friendly agricultural practices \\ \hline Personalization & Mass and standardized production & Personalized production tailored to individual needs \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 1: Comparison of the main differences between Agriculture 4.0 and Agriculture 5.0. Source: [2]. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c} \hline \hline
**Aspect** & **5G Network in Agriculture 4.0** & **6G Network in Agriculture 5.0** \\ \hline Data Speed & Up to 10 Gbps & Up to 1 Tbps \\ \hline Latency & Approximately 1 ms & Less than 1 ms \\ \hline Coverage & Good, but limited in rural areas & Greater coverage, especially in remote areas \\ \hline IoT Connectivity & Supports a large number of IoT devices & Optimizes massive and efficient communication among IoT sensors \\ \hline Technological Integration & Supports IoT, big data, cloud computing & Supports advanced AI, cobots, digital twins, blockchain, quantum computing \\ \hline Impact on Agriculture & Automation and digitization of processes & Intelligent monitoring, sustainability, personalization, and human–machine collaboration \\ \hline Key Benefits & Improves productivity and efficiency & Enables innovative solutions, resilience, and sustainability in Agriculture 5.0 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 2: Comparison of 5G and 6G networks in the context of Agriculture 4.0 and Agriculture 5.0. Source: [1; 19]. addition to its capacity to enhance its market presence at both the national and international levels. The specific objectives addressed in this work are as follows:  
* To analyze the potential improvements that the implementation of the 6G network could bring for smart agriculture in Colombia. * To examine the benefits that smart agriculture solutions based on the IoT and 6G would offer in different regions and departments of the country. * Assess the current state of mobile networks in Colombia and the spectrum requirements needed for a future adoption of 6G technology.