## 3 Method
### Recruitment of Survey Participants and Data Analysis  
The Clickworker platform ([[https://www.clickworker.com/](https://www.clickworker.com/)]([https://www.clickworker.com/](https://www.clickworker.com/)), accessed on 23 June 2024) was utilized to recruit survey participants. Previous studies have established that Clickworker provides reliable data for statistical inferences [56; 57]. Considering that numerous previous studies have used data collected through the Clickworker platform as a basis for statistical analysis quality, this research chose the Clickworker platform for data collection. The survey targeted native English speakers, and data collection occurred between 23 June and 2 August 2024. This study also attempted to reflect consumer perceptions more realistically by collecting a random sample because the propolis products market is open to everybody. Participants were first asked whether they had experience using propolis products, resulting in an initial pool of 650 responses. Those without experience (345 respondents) were excluded from the dataset, as this study was to focus on individuals with direct, firsthand experience with propolis products. By excluding participants without experience, this research attempted to reach results based on more vivid experiences. As a result, 305 valid observations remained for analysis. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c} \hline \hline
**Construct** & **Code** & **Item** \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{Anti-oxidant effect} & A1 & Propolis product has an anti-oxidant effect. \\  & A2 & Propolis products are useful to get an anti-oxidant impact. \\  & A3 & Propolis product provides me with anti-oxidant outcomes. \\  & A4 & Propolis product improves the anti-oxidant effect of mine. \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{Brand trust} & B1 & I trust the brand of propolis product. \\  & B2 & Propolis product brand is trustworthy. \\  & B3 & Propolis product brand is reliable. \\  & B4 & Propolis product brand never disappoints me. \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{Healthiness} & H1 & Propolis product promotes my health condition. \\  & H2 & Propolis product is useful for my better health condition. \\  & H3 & Propolis product improves my health condition. \\  & H4 & Propolis product is effective for enhancing my health condition. \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{Nutrition disclosure} & N1 & Propolis product offers nutrition information well. \\  & N2 & Propolis product nutrition information is easy to attain. \\  & N3 & Propolis product nutrition information is easy to ensure. \\  & N4 & Propolis products discloses nutrition information well. \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{Intention to purchase} & I1 & I intend to use propolis product. \\  & I2 & I will purchase propolis product. \\ \cline{1-1}  & I3 & I am willing to buy propolis product. \\ \cline{1-1}  & I4 & I have an intention to purchase propolis product. \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 1: Depiction of measurement. Table 2 presents the demographic profiles of the survey participants based on frequency analysis. Among the respondents, 58.7% were female. In terms of age, individuals in their 30 s and 40 s accounted for approximately 63.3% of the sample. Regarding monthly household income, 36.4% of participants reported earning between USD 2500 and USD 4999. Table 2 also provides details on the frequency of propolis product usage, with 118 participants reporting less than once per week, 121 using it 1-2 times per week, 44 using it 3-6 times per week, and 22 using it more than seven times per week. The convergent validity of the measurement items was assessed using multiple indices, as outlined in the existing literature [58; 59]. The criteria for convergent validity included factor loadings greater than 0.5, average variance extracted (AVE) greater than 0.5, and construct reliability (CR) exceeding 0.7.