## 3 Results
### Health Profiles in HTU and ADHF
Serum urea was significantly elevated in ADHF compared to HTU (Table 2), but no significant differences were found for serum uric acid (Table 2). In addition, no differences were detected between the levels of serum sodium measured at admission and discharge in individuals hospitalized with ADHF (Figure 2b; Wilcoxon signed-rank test, 140 mmol/L (137; 142) vs. 138.5 (135; 141), \(p\) = 0.835). Similar results were \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c} \hline
**Characteristic** & **ADHF Patients** & **HTU Patients** & **Reference Range** & \(p\) \\ \hline Age (years) & 70 (63; 79) & 70 (62; 77) & & 0.257 \\ SBP (mm Hg) & 140 (130; 150) & 150 (140; 160) & 90–130 & 0.303 \\ DBP (mm Hg) & 80 (73; 90) & 80 (75; 90) & 60–80 & 0.659 \\ ADMA (ng/mL) & 111 (60; 240) & 105 (80; 219) & & 0.941 \\ NT-proBNP (pg/mL) & 5136 (2060; 8400) & 1570 (580; 5600) & & 0.064 \\ LAD (mm) & 43 (40; 80) & 41 (36; 44) & 25–53 & 0.093 \\ LVD (mm) & 51 (43; 58) & 47 (45; 59) & 39–59 & 0.216 \\ LVEDV (mL) & 125.5 (94; 173) & 120.5 (82.5; 120) & 46–150 & 0.619 \\ LVESV (mL) & 77 (55; 113) & 55 (42; 82.5) & 14–61 & 0.145 \\ IVSd (cm) & 1.16 (1; 1.3) & 1.2 (1; 1.3) & 0.6–1.2 & 0.792 \\ ALC (cells/\(\mu\)L) & 5365 (410; 6139) & 6125 (5400; 7139) & 4000–11,000 & 0.013 ** \\ ANC (cells/\(\mu\)L) & 6175 (3820; 7400) & 4670 (3350; 6425) & 2500–7500 & 0.187 \\ RDW-CV (\%) & 15.05 (14.1; 16.6) & 14.2 (13.2; 15.15) & 11.5–15.4 & 0.002 *** \\ RDW-SD (fL) & 46.4 (443; 50.55) & 43.90 (41.15; 47.95) & 39–46 & 0.006 ** \\ Hemoglobin (g/dL) & 12.8 (11.6; 13.8) & 14.8 (13; 15.2) & 12–18 & \textless{}0.001 *** \\ ESR (mm/h) & 30 (24; 43) & 26 (18/42) & 0–30 & 0.580 \\ CRP (mg/L) & 13 (5; 42) & 12 (1; 61) & \textless{}10 & 0.363 \\ Random glucose (mg/dL) & 133 (112; 170) & 119 (99; 161) & \textless{}200 & 0.229 \\ HbA1C (\%) & 6.9 (6; 7.80) & 7.9 (6; 8.6) & \textless{}6.5 & 0.122 \\ GFR (mL/min) & 67.82 (47.94; 88.64) & 77.69 (96.85; 102.5) & \textgreater{}60 & 0.173 \\ Serum urea (mg/dL) & 53.67 (44; 68) & 37 (31; 65.8) & \textless{}49 & 0.007 ** \\ Serum uric acid (mg/dL) & 8.2 (72; 10.4) & 7.70 (5.5; 10.3) & 3–7 & 0.463 \\ Total cholesterol (mg/dL) & 147.8 (117;175) & 175 (128; 200) & \textless{}200 & 0.092 \\ LDL (mg/dL) & 88.3 (71; 120) & 118 (79; 135) & \textless{}130 & 0.109 \\ HDL (mg/dL) & 41 (34; 50) & 40.35 (35; 48.75) & \textgreater{}40 & 0.885 \\ Triglycerides (mg/dL) & 98 (80; 131) & 118 (98; 220) & \textless{}150 & 0.017 * \\ AST (UI/L) & 28.5 (20; 40) & 25.3 (19; 38) & 5–56 & 0.621 \\ ALT (UI/L) & 24 (17.45; 35) & 25.5 (16.5; 54.5) & 9–40 & 0.798 \\ \hline \end{tabular} Data are given as median values with lower and upper quartiles (in parentheses). Marked values (*) indicate significant differences compared to low-ADMA patients (Mann–Whitney U tests, ***–\(p\) < 0.001, ***–\(p\) < 0.01, *–\(p\) < 0.05).  
\end{table} 
Table 2: Measured values for selected parameters in patients with ADHF or HTU. obtained for HTU (Figure 2b; Wilcoxon signed-rank test, 140 mmol/L (137; 142) vs. 140 (134; 141), \(p\) = 0.928). In addition, no significant differences existed for serum potassium at discharge vs. admission in HF patients (Figure 2c; Wilcoxon signed-rank test, 4.3 mmol/L (4; 4.7) vs. 4.15 (4; 4.4), \(p\) = 0.125r) or hypertensive patients (Figure 2c; Wilcoxon signed-rank test, 4.1 mmol/L (3.6; 4.3) vs. 4.2 (4.1; 4.3), \(p\) = 0.845). The parameters of glycemic control in ADHF and HTU patients were comparable (Table 2). Similar results were obtained for lipid markers (Table 2), except tryglicerides, which exhibited significantly lower values during ADHF than during HTU (Table 2). Transaminase concentrations were also similar between the two strata (Table 2). Figure 1: The measured values for (**a**) length of hospital stay, (**b**) TRAIL levels, (**c**) heart rate, and (**d**) ejection fraction in patients hospitalized with hypertensive urgency (HTU) or episodes of acute decompensation of HF (ADHF). Data are given as medians (boxes) with lower and upper quartiles (error bars).