# Efficient and Robust Image Communication Techniques for 5G Applications in Smart Cities
## 2 Related Work
The BER study of wireless MIMO systems employing the Alamouti's Scheme and MRC technique was presented [28]. The simulation outcome depicts a substantial enhancement in the BER performance over small values of SNR. The transmission of images using OFDM systems over the wireless channels was also being analyzed. The image quality was analyzed by DFT-OFDM, DCT-OFDM, and DWT-OFDM systems [29]. The efficient image transfer using OFDM over wireless channels with reduced PAPR is proposed [30]. Various discrete transforms were used in OFDM systems such as DFT, DCT, and DWT. The comparison shows that DCT/DWT in place of DFT for conventional OFDM systems significantly reduces the PAPR thereby improving the image quality at the receiver end [31; 32; 33; 34; 35; 36; 37]. Table 1 presents a comparative analysis of work presented in literature and the proposed methodology. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c} \hline \hline
**Article** & **Research Outcome** \\ \hline BER Performance Analysis of Image & This paper discussed the BER performance analysis of Image Transmission over conventional OFDM system using various modulation technique. The present manuscript presents the BER performance analysis of MIMO-OFDM system, which makes it more appropriate for the current application requirements of 5G systems. \\ \hline A two layer chaotic encryption scheme of secure image transmission for DCT & In this paper, a two-layer image encryption scheme for a discrete cosine transform (DCT) pre-coded orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) visible light communication (VLC) system is proposed. The present manuscript also utilized the concept of DCT pre-coded OFDM system, but it has been analyzed over radio channel and by employing multiple antennas at receiver side. Additionally, in addition to using BER performance as comparison metric, PSNR vs. SNR and SSIM are also used to present the reliability of the proposed methodology. \\ \hline Performance assessment of pre-coded OFDM using discrete cosine-based DOST transform. & In this research article an innovative precoding method has been proposed based on Discrete Cosine-based DOST (DCST) to lessen the High PAPR values and BER in OFDM systems. A similar concept of precoding is being utilized in the present manuscript with the use of DCT instead of DCST transform. Moreover, the analysis is carried out by utilizing the image transmission methodology instead of generic data sequences. \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 1: Comparative analysis of work presented in literature and the proposed methodology. Based on the literature review, it is evident that to provide an efficient and robust information transmission as required in 5G application. We need to utilize the hybrid combination of multi-carrier technology like OFDM and multiple antenna methodologies. However, the literature also presents that the convention Fourier transform-based OFDM suffers from ISI and ICI's impact, which can be reduced by replacing the Fourier transform with other transforms. The efficient and robust transmission of images and other multimedia information is critical for 5G applications, so it is important to assess the proposed system performance for image transmission over diverse channels i.e., AWGN and Rayleigh channel. The system's robustness can be easily carried out by using BER analysis, and the received image quality can be easily accessed by analyzing the PSNR and structural similarity index (SSIM) variations.