## 5 Results and Discussion
### G3-PLC: Tone Map
#### 5.3.2 Reallocation of the Power Assigned to Inactive Tones
Another aspect to be considered is that regulated conducted emissions for electromagnetic compatibility tests to be performed to the transmitter device [28] will be more complex due to this tone map power usage reallocation. Results presented in this research process assume that all the power not used in subcarriers marked with '0' in the tone map can be reallocated in subcarriers marked with '1'. There are three emission limits to be considered:  
* Specification limits: Narrowband PLC specifications require a minimum transmission level of 120 dB\(\mu\)V [12]. * Regulation limits: CENELEC regulation sets power transmission requirements for devices operating in the frequency range 3 kHz to 148.5 kHz [28]. * Technology limits: PLC amplifier and power supply design will have a limit for power transmission not to distort the signal or have thermal issues. Focusing on CENELEC [28], it regulates in-band and out-of-band emission limits, which are tested in a laboratory setup with the help of a 50 \(\Omega\) line impedance stabilization network (LISN). Figure 6 represents a hypothetical situation of a transmitter implementation whose signal spectrum for a tone map '111111' meets out-band quasi-peak emission limits [28], whereas tone map '011100' exceeds the regulation limit, and even more for tone map '010000'. This effect must be considered while designing and testing a hardware implementing this proposal, in order to be able to reallocate all the power and comply with out-of-band quasi-peak emission limits [28]. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{l c c c c c c c c c} \hline \hline  & \multicolumn{4}{c}{**Differential**} & \multicolumn{4}{c}{**Coherent**} \\ \hline Parameter & ROBO & DBFSK & DQPSK & DBFSK & ROBO & BPSK & QPSK & SPSK & Units \\ \hline SNR required for AWGN & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0.2 & dB \\ \hline Tonal noise link budget & 0,0 & 1,3 & 0,1 & 0,0 & 0,0 & 0.2 & 1,5 & 0.2 & dB \\ Tonal in-band noise link budget & 0,1 & 1,4 & 0,3 & 0,2 & 0,0 & 0.2 & 1,5 & 0.3 & dB \\ Periodic impulse noise link budget & 0,3 & 0,0 & 0,0 & 2,8 & 0,5 & -0,1 & 0,0 & 0,0 & dB \\ Random impulse noise link budget & 0,1 & 1,4 & 3,5 & 5,0 & 0,1 & 0,6 & 0,4 & 3,6 & dB \\ Intentional communicator link budget & 0,0 & 0,2 & 0,1 & 0,0 & 0,0 & 0,3 & 0,3 & 0,0 & dB \\ \hline Composite link budget (LB\({}_{\text{PHY}}\)) & 0,1 & 0,6 & 0,7 & 1,6 & 0,1 & 0,2 & 0,4 & 0,8 & dB \\ Composite in-band link budget & 0,2 & 0,9 & 1,3 & 2,7 & 0,2 & 0,2 & 0,6 & 1,3 & dB \\ \hline der04 link budget & 0,0 & 0,2 & 1,0 & 1,8 & -0,1 & 0,3 & 0,3 & 1,1 & dB \\ der06 link budget & 0,4 & 0,3 & 0,9 & 1,5 & 0,3 & 0,2 & 0,1 & 0,5 & dB \\ der34 link budget & 0,0 & 1,0 & 1,0 & 1,2 & 0,6 & 1,0 & 1,7 & 1,0 & dB \\ der36 link budget & 0,6 & 1,7 & 1,1 & 1,1 & 0,1 & 1,2 & 4,2 & 0,9 & dB \\ der50 link budget & 0,4 & 1,5 & 4,8 & 4,6 & 0,2 & 0,7 & 0,4 & 3,9 & dB \\ der51 link budget & 0,4 & 2,4 & 4,7 & 7,5 & 0,4 & 1,7 & 0,2 & 0,1 & dB \\ \hline der average link budget & 0,3 & 1,2 & 2,3 & 3,0 & 0,3 & 0,8 & 1,2 & 1,3 & dB \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 12: Incremental results with a tone map power reallocation in G3-PLC compared to the standard tone map implementation (Table 9).