## 3 Results and Discussion
### Flavonoids Composition  
Previous studies of flavonoids indicated that these compounds accumulate in epidermal layers and harness damaging ultraviolet B radiation. Rosehip seed oil is rich in flavonoids, and it is used in many countries to protect skin from sunburns [33]. Flavonoids are important for plants, as well. They impact the aroma and color of fruits and flowers and may protect against stress caused by various factors (biotic and abiotic) [34]. Our results showed that more total flavonoids were found in organic rosehips flesh if compared to those with seeds. The highest total flavonoids content was found in RV species flesh (41.59 mg 100 g\({}^{-1}\) DW) and RC species seeds (32.19 mg 100 g\({}^{-1}\) DW) (Table 3). Other studies indicated that rosehips flesh and seeds accumulated a higher number of flavonoids. The total flavonoid level that was observed in different species rosehips ranged from 52 mg 100 g\({}^{-1}\) to 56 mg 100 g\({}^{-1}\) in flesh and 52 mg 100 g\({}^{-1}\) in seeds [33; 35]. Rutin was present in the highest concentration among the analyzed flavonoids. Previous studies of this compound indicated that it may control the induction of arteriosclerosis, and the increase in fat in serum. Quercetin is another important compound of rosehip, and it has been reported to have antithrombotic properties, to protect the low-density lipoprotein from oxidation, and to relax the cardiovascular smooth muscles [36]. Depending on the species, the rutin contents in organic rosehip flesh fluctuated from 11.62 mg 100 g\({}^{-1}\) to 25.54 mg 100 g\({}^{-1}\) DW, while in seeds, the concentrations of \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Rosehip Species** & **Total** & \multicolumn{4}{c}{**Phenolic Acids, mg 100 g\({}^{-1}\) DW**} \\ \cline{3-6}  & **Phenolic Acids** & **Gallic** & **Chlorogenic** & **Caffeic** & \(p\)**-Coumaric** & **Ferulic** \\ \hline \hline  & & \multicolumn{4}{c}{In rosehip flesh} \\ \hline RRA & 107.62 \(\pm\)1.34 c & 15.80 \(\pm\) 0.23 c & 8.02 \(\pm\) 0.18 d & 9.24 \(\pm\) 0.42 c & 55.09 \(\pm\) 0.96 a & 19.46 \(\pm\) 0.13 b \\ RC & 121.81 \(\pm\) 1.91 a & 22.67 \(\pm\) 0.65 b & 9.80 \(\pm\) 0.11 cd & 22.08 \(\pm\) 2.86 ab & 48.22 \(\pm\) 6.96 a & 19.03 \(\pm\) 0.41 b \\ RR & 116.83 \(\pm\) 2.67 b & 36.77 \(\pm\) 0.04 a & 14.95 \(\pm\) 0.26 b & 16.86 \(\pm\) 2.90 b & 25.38 \(\pm\) 2.26 b & 22.87 \(\pm\) 0.42 a \\ RRR & 119.61 \(\pm\) 2.67 b & 36.99 \(\pm\) 2.37 a & 21.01 \(\pm\) 2.87 a & 24.54 \(\pm\) 7.96 a & 25.55 \(\pm\) 1.10 b & 11.51 \(\pm\) 0.29 c \\ RV & 89.23 \(\pm\) 1.65 d & 36.61 \(\pm\) 1.61 a & 11.08 \(\pm\) 0.22 c & 8.72 \(\pm\) 0.40 c & 21.27 \(\pm\) 2.56 b & 11.55 \(\pm\) 1.25 b \\ \hline \hline  & & \multicolumn{4}{c}{In rosehip seeds} \\ \hline RRA & 177.03 \(\pm\) 7.05 a & 153.71 \(\pm\) 6.07 a & 3.67 \(\pm\) 0.03 b & 0.99 \(\pm\) 0.09 c & 15.56 \(\pm\) 0.58 c & 3.08 \(\pm\) 0.45 c \\ RC & 175.12 \(\pm\) 5.40 a & 89.69 \(\pm\) 0.78 c & 45.83 \(\pm\) 1.97 d & 12.73 \(\pm\) 0.78 a & 22.04 \(\pm\) 2.34 b & 4.83 \(\pm\) 0.57 b \\ RR & 174.17 \(\pm\) 8.08 a & 97.29 \(\pm\) 3.75 bc & 2.02 \(\pm\) 0.03 a & 1.99 \(\pm\) 0.05 b & 64.72 \(\pm\) 4.61 a & 8.15 \(\pm\) 0.26 a \\ RRR & 114.86 \(\pm\) 1.65 b & 103.94 \(\pm\) 2.93 b & 3.24 \(\pm\) 0.07 ab & 0.67 \(\pm\) 0.10 c & 6.62 \(\pm\) 0.46 e & 0.39 \(\pm\) 0.01 d \\ RV & 111.59 \(\pm\) 10.49 b & 92.48 \(\pm\) 10.02 c & 6.33 \(\pm\) 1.12 c & 0.79 \(\pm\) 0.03 c & 11.57 \(\pm\) 1.15 d & 0.40 \(\pm\) 0.01 d \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}  
* In the same column, different small letters represent significant differences between flesh samples and seed samples species, respectively (\(p<0.05\)). RRA: _Rosa rugosa_ ‘Alba’; RC: _Rosa canina_; RR: _Rosa rugosa_; RR: _Rosa rugosa_ ‘Ruba’; RV: _Rosa villosa_.  
\end{table} 
Table 2: Phenolic acid (mg 100 g\({}^{-1}\) DW) of different organic rosehip flesh and seed species. rutin ranged from 6.86 mg 100 g\({}^{-1}\) to 20.21 mg 100 g\({}^{-1}\) DW.