# Comprehensive Optimization of Air Quality in Kitchen Based on Auxiliary Evaluation Indicators
## 1 Introduction  
With rapid urbanization and modernization, contemporary home kitchens have become increasingly enclosed and compact, leading to concerns over indoor air quality (IAQ). Traditional Chinese cooking methods, which involve high-temperature frying and stir-frying, generate significant amounts of cooking oil fume particulate (COFP) and carbon dioxide (CO\({}_{2}\)), both of which pose serious health risks [1, 2]. Prolonged exposure to elevated levels of particulate matter and CO\({}_{2}\) can lead to respiratory diseases, discomfort, and long-term health complications. Despite the widespread use of kitchen ventilation systems, the effectiveness of these systems in mitigating air pollutants remains inconsistent, necessitating comprehensive assessment and optimization of IAQ in kitchen environments [3, 4, 5]. IAQ is a crucial factor affecting human health and well-being [6, 7]. Poor ventilation and inadequate air exchange rates exacerbate the accumulation of harmful pollutants in enclosed kitchen spaces, increasing the risks associated with prolonged exposure. Consequently, developing systematic IAQ assessment methods and proposing effective ventilation strategies are imperative. While existing IAQ standards provide general guidelines, they often neglect unique cooking environment characteristics, such as thermal plumes, pollutant dispersion, and occupant exposure levels [8, 9]. Several studies have focused on evaluating IAQ through predictive models and experimental assessments. The predicted mean vote (PMV) model, introduced by Fanger [10],has been widely applied in thermal comfort research. Toftum et al. [11] investigated the effects of fabric materials like cotton and polyester on skin thermal sensation under high humidity conditions. Their study demonstrated that variations in indoor relative humidity significantly influenced thermal sensation, leading to the development of a satisfaction model that considers the impact of skin moisture. Kuchen et al. [12] examined thermal comfort across 148 different workspaces in Germany during winter. Their findings indicated that the PMV index closely corresponded with comfort vote values and was highly sensitive to factors such as clothing insulation levels. Buratti et al. [13] applied the tracer gas decay method to assess air age in office environments, validating their numerical model with experimental data using CO\({}_{2}\) as a tracer gas to evaluate IAQ. Further research has explored the effects of environmental factors such as humidity, airflow distribution, and pollutant dispersion on IAQ. For instance, Chen et al. [14] developed a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) framework to model the concentration variations of cooking fumes, assessing both air quality and thermal comfort. Their study analyzed airflow regions around the human body and quantified discomfort using a standardized dissatisfaction metric. Song [15] used ANSYS 2021R simulation software to compare IAQ under two ventilation systems, namely exhaust and supply air, finding that the air age in rooms with exhaust ventilation was approximately 31.15% lower than those with supply air ventilation. Fan [16] conducted experimental and simulation studies to evaluate humidity, CO\({}_{2}\) concentration, and PMV-PPD (predicted percentage dissatisfied) indices in bedroom environments, revealing that increased indoor relative humidity inhibited pollutant diffusion. Lin et al. [17] employed PIV experiments and CFD simulations to analyze temperature and airflow fields within an aircraft cabin with reduced seat pitch. Their findings indicated that the optimal supply air velocity in this model was 1.35 m/s. Additionally, Wang et al. [18] used AIRPAK software to simulate airflow patterns in ship cabins under different air supply configurations. Their analysis, incorporating PMV, PPD, air age, and temperature fields, demonstrated that cross-ventilation, where supply air enters from one side and return air exits from the opposite side, provided superior indoor conditions.