## 5 Conclusions  
In this study, the new mock circulatory platform was designed, fabricated and evaluated to overcome the limitations that existing simulators do not reflect the actual physiology of the cardiovascular system. The new mock circulatory platform was designed based on the physiology of each component, whose key parameters such as resistance and compliance can be adjusted. From the evaluation through the simulation model and experimental measurements, the mock circulatory platform can effectively reproduce the blood pressure waveform close to the Wiggers diagram, which represents the human body standard. In addition, parametric studies on the aortic compliance and the peripheral resistance were performed. The fabricated mock circulatory platform showed very close pressure waveforms in both cases of the simulation model and experimental measurement results. A new method for controlling the compliance of the aorta was suggested in this study. Previous studies have regulated the compliance by pressurizing the fluid with an air spring, increasing the pressure of the entire system but not actually the changing the compliance. On the other hand, the new compliance chamber exerts the pressure on the outer wall of the ascending aorta, changing the compliance of the wall. The result showed the same trend as in the simulation model, implying that the mock circulatory platform of this study can reproduce blood pressure waveforms based on the physiology of each component. The designed platform can generate a controllable pressure waveform based on the physiology of the cardiovascular system, and it can be applied to test the accuracy of the blood pressure measurement devices. It can also be used as a haptic actuator/simulator for palpation training. The platform of this study can be applied to the reproduction of various palpation feedbacks such as aortic waveforms that need to be carefully handled during surgery and femoral arterial waveforms during catheterization.  
However, except the ascending aorta of the proposed platform, other aortas are made of rigid acrylic, which has less compliance than the human body. In the future, the cardiovascular components other than the ascending aorta can be updated with flexible tubes and new compliance chambers in this study, to fully simulate the human cardiovascular system and reproduce the same or various blood pressure waveforms as in the Wiggers diagram. Based on the proposed platform, the brachial and radial arteries will be added for palpation training of healthcare professionals in future works.  
Conceptualization, Y.-M.K., J.K., S.-Y.W., T.-H.Y. and Y.-H.P.; methodology, T.-H.Y. and Y.-H.P.; software, [PERSON]-H.J. and [PERSON]-H.Y.; validation, B.L., J.H. and [PERSON]-H.J.; formal analysis, B.L., J.H. and [PERSON]-H.J.; investigation, B.L., J.H. and [PERSON]-H.J.; resources, B.L., [PERSON]-H.Y. and [PERSON]-H.P.; data curation, B.L., J.H. and J.-H.J.; writing--original draft preparation, B.L. and J.-H.J.; writing--review and editing, T.-H.Y. and [PERSON]-H.P.; visualization, B.L., [PERSON]-H.J., [PERSON]-H.Y. and [PERSON]-H.P.; supervision, [PERSON]-H.Y. and [PERSON]-H.P.; project administration, [PERSON]-H.Y. and Y.-H.P.; funding acquisition, Y.-M.K., J.K., S.-Y.W., T.-H.Y. and Y.-H.P. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript. This research received no external funding.  
This work was supported by \"Human Resources Program in Energy Technology\" of the Korea Institute of Energy Technology Evaluation and Planning (KETEP), granted financial resources from the Ministry of Trade, Industry & Energy, Republic of Korea. (No.20204030200050). This research was supported by a research grant (KSN2012110) from the Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine.  
The authors declare no conflict of interest.