# Discovering Trends in the Digitalization of Shipping:
## 4 Analysis
### Detecting Topics from Presentations
#### 4.2.4 Fine-Grained Topics  
Figures 9 and 10 and Table 5 therefore indicate that the analysis of key insights reveals several trends in the maritime sector, with Crew onboard connectivity as outstanding and increasing topic. This is an important topic, also in the light of the kind of meetings.  
Figure 9: Normalized number of presentations by fine-grained topic by year.  
The selection of only those topics with presentations in the last year with recalculation relative frequencies amongst them was to focus on the relevant topics.  
Figure 10: Fine-grained topics with presentations in last year with recalculation relative frequencies amongst them.  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Topic** & **2016** & **2017** & **2018** & **2019** & **2020** & **2021** & **2022** & **2023** \\ \hline Crew onboard connectivity & 30\% & 33\% & 26\% & 39\% & 44\% & 30\% & 60\% & 46\% \\ IoT & 4\% & 1\% & 3\% & 4\% & 22\% & 10\% & 10\% & 18\% \\ Cybersecurity and risk management & 17\% & 27\% & 20\% & 18\% & 0\% & 40\% & 15\% & 17\% \\ Smart contracting and blockchain & 0\% & 1\% & 10\% & 6\% & 0\% & 0\% & 2\% & 6\% \\ Satellite communication & 9\% & 1\% & 0\% & 2\% & 0\% & 0\% & 5\% & 6\% \\ Digital supply chain & 0\% & 3\% & 2\% & 1\% & 22\% & 1\% & 0\% & 3\% \\ Remote connectivity for operations & 7\% & 3\% & 2\% & 1\% & 0\% & 0\% & 0\% & 3\% \\ Fuel management & 4\% & 2\% & 2\% & 1\% & 0\% & 0\% & 0\% & 3\% \\ Transformation & 0\% & 4\% & 6\% & 14\% & 0\% & 0\% & 5\% & 0\% \\ Smart ports and supply chain management & 2\% & 2\% & 3\% & 2\% & 0\% & 0\% & 2\% & 0\% \\ Digital skills & 4\% & 2\% & 2\% & 2\% & 0\% & 1\% & 0\% & 0\% \\ Operations monitoring software & 4\% & 3\% & 2\% & 0\% & 11\% & 0\% & 0\% & 0\% \\ Digital transformation strategies & 9\% & 3\% & 2\% & 6\% & 0\% & 0\% & 0\% & 0\% \\ Inmarsat & 2\% & 0\% & 6\% & 1\% & 0\% & 0\% & 0\% & 0\% \\ Scalability & 4\% & 2\% & 2\% & 1\% & 0\% & 0\% & 0\% & 0\% \\ Supply chain management & 0\% & 0\% & 7\% & 0\% & 0\% & 0\% & 0\% & 0\% \\ Strategy & 0\% & 3\% & 3\% & 0\% & 0\% & 0\% & 0\% & 0\% \\ Satcom market new & 2\% & 6\% & 2\% & 0\% & 0\% & 0\% & 0\% & 0\% \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}
Table 5: Number of presentations by fine-grained topic by year.  
Cybersecurity and risk management stood out due to its fluctuating percentages and a significant uptick in interest in 2021. This trend points towards an increased focus on cybersecurity and risk management within the industry, likely spurred by the emergence of new threats and changes in regulatory landscapes. The industry's response suggests a proactive approach to strengthening defenses and managing risks more effectively.  
Another area of growing interest is the IoT, which has seen varying levels of attention, with notable spikes in interest in 2023. This can be interpreted as a co-topic with Smart contracting and blockchain.  
Remote connectivity for operations has also exhibited a fluctuating pattern, with a significant rise in interest in 2020. This surge reflects the maritime industry's escalating focus on connectivity and communication technologies. Driven by the increasing importance of data exchange and the need for real-time monitoring, this trend underscores the sector's commitment to enhancing communication infrastructures and capabilities.  
Regarding smart shipping and the Internet of Things (IoT), the interest levels have fluctuated, yet there remains a consistent focus on this area. This demonstrates an ongoing attention to integrating IoT technologies into smart shipping initiatives, suggesting a continuous effort to leverage IoT for operational improvements and innovation in shipping practices.  
Lastly, Crew onboard connectivity has shown fluctuating interest levels, with a noticeable increase in 2021. This suggests a renewed emphasis on boosting connectivity within the maritime sector, indicating a recognition of the critical role that enhanced communication networks play in facilitating more efficient and integrated maritime operations.