# M-Shape PV Arrangement for Improving Solar Power Generation Efficiency
## 7 Results
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c} \hline \hline
**Region** & **Azimuth [\({}^{\circ}\)]** & **Tilt [\({}^{\circ}\)]** & **Radiation [MWh/m\({}^{2}\)]** \\ \hline
**Darkhan** & \(-9\) & 42 & 1.55 \\
**Shenyang** & \(-2\) & 33 & 1.49 \\
**Jeju** & \(9\) & 21 & 1.39 \\
**Naha** & \(-2\) & 17 & 1.53 \\
**HongKong** & \(-3\) & 14 & 1.34 \\
**Bangkok** & \(-6\) & 14 & 1.82 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 10: The S-shape’s optimal azimuth, tilt angle, and maximum of solar radiation for each simulation area. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c} \hline \hline
**City Name** & **NEDO Results [\({}^{\circ}\)]** & **Simulation Results [\({}^{\circ}\)]** \\ \hline
**Naha** & Tilt 17.6\({}^{\circ}\) & Tilt 17\({}^{\circ}\), Azimuth \(-2^{\circ}\) \\
**Akita** & Tilt 26.2\({}^{\circ}\) & Tilt 27\({}^{\circ}\), Azimuth \(-2^{\circ}\) \\
**Fukuoka** & Tilt 26.1\({}^{\circ}\) & Tilt 26\({}^{\circ}\), Azimuth 10\({}^{\circ}\) \\
**Kagoshima** & Tilt 27.7\({}^{\circ}\) & Tilt 22\({}^{\circ}\), Azimuth 0 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 9: Comparison results of optimal angles for the PV panel with the Industrial Technology Development Organization (NEDO). \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c} \hline \hline
**Region** & **Azimuth [\({}^{\circ}\)]** & **Tilt [\({}^{\circ}\)]** & **Radiation [MWh/2m\({}^{2}\)]** \\ \hline
**Darkhan** & \(97\) & \(7\) & \(2.52\) \\
**Shenyang** & \(88\) & \(7\) & \(2.68\) \\
**Jeju** & \(-\) & \(0\) & \(2.66\) \\
**Naha** & \(-\) & \(0\) & \(2.98\) \\
**HongKong** & \(97\) & \(1\) & \(2.64\) \\
**Bangkok** & \(106\) & \(2\) & \(3.56\) \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 11: The M-shape’s optimal azimuth, tilt angle, and maximum of solar radiation for each simulation area. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c} \hline \hline
**City** & **Pieces** & **Direction** & **(0,180\({}^{\text{o}}\))** & **(45\({}^{\text{o}},-135^{\text{o}}\))** & **(135\({}^{\text{o}},-45^{\text{o}}\))** & **(90\({}^{\text{o}},-90^{\text{o}}\))** \\ \hline
**Darkhan** & 80 & 21.19 MWh & 21.31 MWh & 21.31 MWh & 21.48 MWh \\
100 & 100 & 24.33 MWh & 24.48 MWh & 24.48 MWh & 24.69 MWh \\ \hline
**Shenyang** & 80 & 23.43 MWh & 23.87 MWh & 23.85 MWh & 24.22 MWh \\
100 & 26.97 MWh & 27.51 MWh & 27.48 MWh & 27.94 MWh \\ \hline
**Jeju** & 80 & 21.61 MWh & 21.71 MWh & 21.69 MWh & 21.76 MWh \\
100 & 24.10 MWh & 24.22 MWh & 24.20 MWh & 24.28 MWh \\ \hline
**Naha** & 80 & 24.13 MWh & 24.22 MWh & 24.22 MWh & 24.30 MWh \\
100 & 26.79 MWh & 26.90 MWh & 26.91 MWh & 27.00 MWh \\ \hline
**Hongkong** & 80 & 23.25 MWh & 23.25 MWh & 23.36 MWh & 23.43 MWh \\
100 & 26.44 MWh & 26.90 MWh & 26.91 MWh & 27.00 MWh \\ \hline
**Bankok** & 80 & 27.89 MWh & 27.93 MWh & 27.95 MWh & 27.99 MWh \\
100 & 30.22 MWh & 30.27 MWh & 30.29 MWh & 30.34 MWh \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 12: Simulation result of the M-shape array in six areas. Figure 12: Boxplot of the six locations of the power generation situation. Figure 13 shows the generated power of the S-shape, M-shape, and two types' maximum output without PCS. The blue and red lines show the S-shape and M-shape power generation characteristics, respectively. On the one hand, they show that without PCS, the S-shape output power is growing faster. When the number of panels is over 40 (overload rate 100%), the gap between without PCS generation and actual power generation is growing. They also show that before around 90 (overload rate 225%) solar panels, the S-shape power generation is more than that of the M-shape. This is for the same pieces of PV panels; S-shapes are set at an optimal tilt angle, while M-shapes are set as a group of solar panels. However, after overloading beyond 225%, the M-shape becomes better than the S-shape. Since both the M-shape and S-shape will exceed the rating of PCS when the sun is strong at solar noon, power generation in this part is the same. M-shapes, however, collect energy better in the morning and afternoon. The power generation efficiency of the S-shape will show better benefits.