## 6 Conclusions  
This study used service quality risk assessment to seek the attributes that require priority improvement by combining the quality risk and the service quality of the Bangkok bus service. The assessment integrated [PERSON]'s model, an IPA, and an FMEA as mentioned above. The conclusions regarding the Bangkok bus service are as follows. The results of the classification of [PERSON]'s model showed that there were a total of nine attributes classified as one-dimensional quality (O) and three attributes classified as attractive quality (A). The results of the IPA assessment showed that safety in boarding and disembarking from the bus, cleanliness of vehicles, and punctuality of buses according to the schedule were the top three attributes that had a large gap between importance and satisfaction. On the contrary, availability of online bus schedules on the internet or a mobile application was the attribute that could satisfy the commuters the most because it had the smallest gap between importance and satisfaction. Furthermore, there were five attributes classified as \"Concentrated here\" in the IPA matrix, four attributes classified as \"Keep up the good work\", two attributes classified as \"Low priority\", and one attribute classified as \"Possible overkill\". The results of the CII assessment showed that the first five attributes that should be considered as priority improvements are safety in boarding and disembarking from the bus, bus attendants' attitudes and helpfulness, cleanliness of vehicles, security against crimes on buses and at stops, and punctuality of buses according to the schedule. The results of the FMEA analysis showed that safety in boarding and disembarking from the bus, bus attendants' attitudes and helpfulness, cleanliness of vehicles, security against crimes on buses and at stops, and punctuality of buses according to the schedule were the top five attributes that had a high value for Cr, which meant that these attributes had a high service quality risk. This study evaluated the service quality risk of Bangkok bus service effectively from the integration of [PERSON]'s Model, an IPA, and an FMEA. The bus company can allocate their resources more effectively according to the improvement priority ranking, which was consistent with the attitudes and needs of the people who used the Bangkok bus service. Evaluating service quality is a crucial method for improving service. Although studies have investigated the quality of bus services in Bangkok, few studies have analyzed the ranking of quality attributes for improvement from the perspective of quality risks. This study contributed to the literature by constructing an integrated evaluation method that combined the service quality risk model and by applying the model to assess the service quality risks of Bangkok bus services. This study analyzed the degree of risk for each quality attribute and established a reference for the ranking of attribute improvements. In Bangkok, commuters are concerned with a host of factors such as the safety of boarding and disembarking from the bus, the amicability and efficacy of the bus attendants, the tidiness of the vehicles, the prevention of crime on the bus and at bus stops, as well as the punctuality of the buses in line with the schedule. The aspect regarding the prevention of crime on the bus and at bus stops was distinct from previous research conducted in other cities; e.g., Belagavi [71], Istanbul [72], and Taipei [62]. By cross-referencing the quality and risk profiles of bus services across various cities, researchers can acquire deep-seated insights into the discrepancies that engender contrasting public perceptions of buses among the populace of different metropolitan areas. **Author Contributions:** Conceptualization, K.-C.H. and V.S. ; Formal analysis, K.-C.H. and V.S. ; Investigation, V.S. ; Methodology, K.-C.H. ; Software, V.S. ; Validation, K.-C.H. ; writing--original draft preparation, V.S. ; writing--review and editing, K.-C.H. Both authors contributed to all aspects of the study.