## 1 Introduction  
'eHealth' refers to the use of digital technologies and electronic communication tools in the healthcare industry to improve healthcare delivery, patient outcomes, and accessibility [1]. Around the world, the landscape of eHealth is witnessing rapid advancements and adoption. The World Health Organization reported that national mobile health interventions are present within 83% of member states, 58% have implemented successful eHealth strategies, and 78% have enacted laws safeguarding electronic patient data [2]. The COVID-19 pandemic has accelerated the adoption of telemedicine, telehealth, and virtual health, highlighting the importance of remote healthcare solutions. Research has shown that 58% of countries have used telemedicine since the pandemic began [3]. While the terms 'telemedicine' and 'telehealth' have historically been used to describe remote healthcare services, recent literature and practices have shifted towards using the term 'virtual health' [4, 5, 6, 7]. For consistency and to reflect these emerging trends, this paper adopts 'virtual health' as the preferred term for digital health interventions in transplantation care. It is important to note that 'virtual health' encompasses telemedicine, telehealth, and related digital tools, and these terms are often used interchangeably in literature. As such, the studies referenced in this paper may use 'telehealth' or 'telemedicine,' and these terms will be retained when citing specific research. Additionally, innovations in artificial intelligence (AI)-driven diagnostics, personalized medicine, and data analytics are revolutionizing global healthcare delivery, providing more efficient, patient-centered approaches [8]. For transplantation care, the successful integration of virtual health relies on digital communication networks that enable remote patient monitoring, virtual consultations, and access to electronic health records (EHRs) across healthcare settings. The growing use of Internet of Medical Things (IoMT) devices, cloud computing, and blockchain for health data security has significantly enhanced real-time data exchange and patient engagement [9; 10]. Furthermore, 5G-enabled virtual health and AI-assisted platforms provide low-latency remote monitoring and decision support in transplantation care [11]. Although eHealth has demonstrated benefits across several domains of healthcare--including pediatric, trauma, and cancer care [4; 5; 6]--transplantation care involves a uniquely complex and longitudinal treatment pathway. Patients require ongoing evaluation, multidisciplinary coordination, and lifelong follow-up, which can be greatly enhanced through digital health solutions [7; 8; 9; 10; 11; 12; 13; 14; 15; 16; 17; 18]. eHealth technologies address critical needs in this domain by reducing barriers to care, improving medication adherence, and enabling remote monitoring--particularly important for immunocompromised patients [12; 13]. Moreover, the success of transplantation outcomes depends on secure, timely communication and integrated health information systems, areas where digital innovations such as telemedicine, cloud platforms, and blockchain technologies offer substantial value [8; 11; 14; 15]. These specific needs highlight the necessity for a focused investigation into the role and efficacy of eHealth within transplantation care. eHealth has been applied to several types of healthcare services, including pediatric care [12], cancer care [13], trauma care [16], and transplantation [17]. Scholars argue the critical role of eHealth in transplantation as it has significantly enhanced patient care, optimized organ allocation, and improved post-transplant outcomes [17]. Through virtual health and remote monitoring technologies, eHealth facilitates pre-transplant evaluations, enabling healthcare providers to assess potential recipients remotely, thereby reducing geographical barriers and expediting the evaluation process [18].