## 5 Indicators of the Sustainable Climate-Adaptive Urban Fabric of Traditional Cities in West Asia  
Our results confirmed the achievement of the selected indicators for the sustainability of the urban fabric. The quantitative analysis also demonstrated the effectiveness of each indicator for different cities to reach sustainability at the level of the urban fabric. We verified that the traditional architecture has an honest representation of its environment, being capable of dealing with climatic conditions and social requirements, and which directs the emergence of a natural style for a new personality that fits those environmental conditions and includes several indicators based on adaptation strategies. In this study, we do not advocate for old standards or a return to the past but, rather, examine how these innate techniques were born, grew, and developed over many years of accumulated experiences, in order to deal with the local climate by the peoples of the region, based on the innate and natural determinants that achieve harmony between architecture and the environment. As a result, climate adaptation can be achieved and the effects of unbridled climate change can be mitigated.  
We discovered that these indicators can help to achieve a sustainable urban fabric strategy for hot-dry regions, where integration and harmony with the natural environment and climate can be reached, thus improving resource utilization and reducing energy consumption. We summarize the most important indicators of sustainability based on climate adaptation as follows:  
1. Highly compressed urban fabric--Urban planning is an essential tool to control the climate; as such, a compact urban fabric decreases the surface/volume of masses exposed to harsh climatic conditions, as well as minimizing the open public spaces. Similarly, the width and direction of roads are affected, facades act as shading elements, and buildings may shade each other.
2. Control of solar radiation exposure by orientation--Reducing the surface of southern facades with shading, minimizing openings, domes, and vault roofs, and distributing spatial functions according to the orientation are important. Moreover, the orientation of urban public spaces and building courtyards to the south or southwest protects exposed sides from the sun through Mashrabyahs and shading elements.  
* The principle of streamlining spaces creates pressure differentials, whereby air movement currents temper the microclimate in the urban fabric, which begins from urban public spaces through alleys and ends in inner courtyards. Furthermore, the humanization of pathways and the hierarchy of urban spaces allow for smooth movement while achieving protection and privacy.
* Insertion of nature inside the urban formation (green areas)--One of the standard features of traditional urban fabric is many open spaces (open urban areas beside private courtyards), which includes elements of water, trees, and plants. Simultaneously, it serves to decrease the UHI by reducing the urban surface.
* Land use efficiency--Achieving land use efficiency by stacking in building blocks to minimize streets and create open urban spaces in small areas, distributed as nodes between one residential cluster and another.
* Integration with the ecosystem--Adopting sensitive bioclimatic planning of energy, and using the standards at necessary levels, regarding comfort in public and private open spaces, further enhancing their efficiency due to using ecological construction materials, as well as achieving social demands, indicating a model of integration between humans and the ecosystem.
* Walking movement should be separated from traffic movement--Designing streets inside residential complex blocks for the movement of people, while vehicle movement is conducted by large movement axes through the main streets outside the residential blocks.
* Urban facade formations--The compressed urban composition leads to compact facades, featuring morphologic harmony and being rich in shading elements and Mashrabyahs with reduced window area.