# An Electronically Adjustable Floating Memcapacitor Emulator Circuit Using CDBA
## 1 Introduction  
With developments in technology, a low power consumption and a high processing speed have become the most sought-after features in electronic circuits [1]. Memristive elements, called memristors, memcapacitors and meminductors, which are similar to the resistor, capacitor and inductor elements but have memory specialty, are expected to provide these features demanded by the developing electronics world [2]. The investigation of memristive elements first began in 1971 with the memristor element [3]. The main difference between a memristor element and a standard resistor is that the element is defined by the relationship between electric charge and magnetic flux, rather than current and voltage. However, the relationship between the current and voltage of the memristor is in the form of a hysteresis curve that varies with frequency. This feature makes itpossible to achieve new functions such as non-volatile memory and a variable resistance value depending on the direction and magnitude of the applied current [4]. After the discovery of the memristor element, its application areas have become a matter of curiosity and it has found a place in many areas, especially in neuromorphic systems [5; 6; 7; 8; 9; 10; 11], programmable Analog Circuits [12; 13; 14], chaotic circuits [15; 16; 17], image processing [18; 19] and sensor applications [20; 21; 22]. In the following years, it was realized that the memory elements were not limited to the memristors, and new elements were introduced according to different relationships that had not been used before [23]. Accordingly, it was found that the relationship between the integral of the charge \(\sigma(t)\) and the magnetic flux \(\varphi(t)\) represents the memcapacitor element [24]. The memcapacitor is a lossless element and is more energy efficient compared to the memristor [25; 26]. The ability of the memcapacitor to store energy without the need for a power source is one of the features that make this element interesting [27]. These properties of the memcapacitor make it possible to realize numerous applications such as chaotic oscillators [28; 29; 30], neuromorphic circuits [31; 32; 33; 34; 35], and logic circuits [36; 37]. Circuit studies using memcapacitor elements are largely based on the use of various equivalent emulator designs in place of the element due to the lack of commercially available memcapacitor elements. Experimental performance, floating or grounded form, and electronic controllability are some important criteria for the quality of an emulator designed for the memcapacitor. A number of designs have been proposed for the memcapacitor in the literature [38; 39; 40; 41; 42]. In one study, a Current Backward Transconductance Amplifier (CBTA) element was used to form a mutator element, and a floating memcapacitor circuit was designed using this mutator element together with a grounded memristor and capacitor element [38]. In [39], a charge-controlled emulator model was proposed for grounded and floating memcapacitor emulators using two Second-Generation Current Conveyors (CCII), one analog multiplier (AM) and some passive elements. In another study [40], two memcapacitor emulators were proposed, one with two CCIIs and some passive elements and the other with one CCII, one Operational Transconductance Amplifier (OTA) and some passive elements, which were experimentally supported and designed to be electronically controllable. In [41], a floating memcapacitor emulator consisting of OTA, Voltage Difference Transconductance Amplifier (VDTA) and buffer obtained by using MOSFET transistors instead of ICs was designed and the results were experimentally verified. In another study using MOS technology, an emulator designed in floating mode with Dual X Current Conveyor Differential Input Transconductance Amplifier (DXCCDITA) element was simulated [42].