## 3 Results and Discussion
### Determination of FAs in Vegetable Oils
[46] & - & 11.07 & - & 4.37 & 12.76 & 69.65 & 0.49 & 0.78 & - & 0.59 & - & 0.29 \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{ \begin{tabular}{c} Sunflower \\ oil \\ \end{tabular}  } & Kazakhstan’s & - & 7.24 & 0.06 & 5.26 & 18.46 & 66.32 & 0.09 & 0.23 & - & 0.43 & - & 0.11 \\ \cline{2-14}  & [PERSON] et al. [51] & - & 5.83 & - & 3.24 & 26.28 & 62.97 & 0.38 & 0.21 & 0.15 & 0.59 & - & 0.19 \\ \cline{2-14}  & [PERSON] et al. [50] & 0.1 & 6.0 & 0.1 & 3.6 & 29.4 & 54.5 & 0.1 & 0.3 & 0.2 & 0.7 & - & 0.2 \\ \cline{2-14}  & [PERSON] [47] & 0.04 & 6.35 & 0.07 & 3.92 & 20.91 & 67.58 & 0.17 & 0.22 & 0.11 & 0.66 & - & 0.26 \\ \cline{2-14}  & [PERSON] et al. [52] & - & 5.99 & 0.27 & 4.57 & 29.14 & 58.58 & 0.07 & - & - & - & - & - \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{ \begin{tabular}{c} Maize oil \\ \end{tabular}  } & Kazakhstan’s & - & 8.33 & 0.05 & 3.72 & 23.36 & 62.36 & 0.55 & 0.32 & 0.19 & 0.37 & - & 0.14 \\ \cline{2-14}  & [PERSON] et al. [51] & - & 10.85 & - & 1.74 & 29.48 & 55.80 & 1.07 & 0.41 & 0.20 & 0.13 & - & 0.17 \\ \cline{2-14}  & [PERSON] [47] & - & 11.88 & 0.13 & 2.10 & 27.23 & 57.74 & 0.64 & 0.32 & 0.35 & - & - & 0.14 \\ \cline{2-14}  & [PERSON] et al. [52] & - & 10.19 & 0.50 & 2.62 & 32.23 & 52.91 & 0.85 & - & - & - & - \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{\ \begin{tabular}{c} Linseed oil \\ \end{tabular}  } & Kazakhstan’s & - & 5.84 & 0.08 & 4.26 & 17.52 & 15.54 & 56.01 & 0.11 & - & - & - & - \\ \cline{2-14}  & [PERSON] et al. [51] & - & 4.54 & - & 3.32 & 18.20 & 16.60 & 56.66 & 0.12 & 0.12 & 0.11 & - & - \\ \cline{2-14}  & [PERSON] [47] & 0.04 & 5.18 & 0.10 & 3.26 & 19.04 & 16.12 & 54.59 & 0.09 & 0.07 & 0.10 & 0.20 & 0.03 \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{ \begin{tabular}{c} Cottonseed \\ oil \\ \end{tabular}  } & Kazakhstan’s & 0.68 & 21.66 & 0.46 & 2.98 & 16.82 & 55.93 & 0.05 & 0.25 & 0.13 & - & - & - \\ \cline{2-14}  & Giakoumis [47] & 0.72 & 25.19 & 0.36 & 1.79 & 16.47 & 54.83 & 0.19 & 0.22 & 0.07 & 0.11 & - & - \\ \cline{2-14}  & Kazakhstan’s & - & 11.45 & - & 6.34 & 25.35 & 50.91 & 5.24 & 0.21 & - & 0.26 & - & - \\ \cline{2-14}  & [PERSON] et al. [51] & - & 10.10 & - & 3.94 & 22.47 & 55.17 & 6.51 & 016.82; and palmitic acid C16:0, 21.66%. Cottonseed oils had the highest SFA content in our research: 25.57%. Other authors' research found the same percentage of linoleic acid C18:2n6c, oleic acid C18:1n9c and palmitic acid C16:0 [60; 61]. In addition to the main FAs, cottonseed oil also consists of minor FAs (0.1-1% each acid) such as myristic C14:0, palmitoleic C16:1, arachidonic C20:0 and \(\alpha\)-linolenic C18:3n3c acids [62]. The results for soybean oils showed a predominance of linoleic acid C18:2n6c (50.91%), oleic acid C18:1n9c (25.35%) and palmitic acid C16:0 (11.45%). Soybean oil had a considerably high steric acid content (6.34%) than the other VOs researched. [PERSON] et al. [63] found 5.15%, and [PERSON] et al. [64] established a content of 4.80%. [PERSON] [65] successfully reported three modified soybean oil species, where the modification of the FA composition of linoleic acid content reduced and eliminated the hydrogenation process. This process made it possible to increase oleic acid from 25% to 80%. [PERSON] et al. [51] reported a higher PUFA percentage (62.2%) that was almost 6% more than that of Kazakhstan oil producers. Rapeseed is a MUFA-rich oil that is especially rich in oleic acid C18:1n9c (66.31%). This was the highest oleic acid content in our research and this result was higher than that found in other research [50; 64], namely 60.92% and 55.2%, respectively, for [PERSON] et al. and [PERSON] et al. Alongside the high content of oleic acid as the main FAs, rapeseed oil had higher contents of \(\alpha\)-linolenic C18:3n3 acid (6.94%) and linoleic acid C18:2n6c (18.62%). Rapeseed oil contained erucic acid C22:1 (0.1%); this oil was the only one with erucic acid, which is typical of this type of oil [66].