# A Novel Dynamic Generalized Opposition-Based Grey Wolf Optimization Algorithm
## 4 Experiments and Discussion
### Simulation Experiments
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Function** & **Algorithm** & **Best** & **Worst** & **Mean** & **Std.** \\ \hline \multirow{8}{*}{F5} & BA & 0.53 & 2.84 & 1.54 & 0.57 \\  & ABC & 0.09 & 0.25 & 0.17 & 0.05 \\  & PSO & 7.87 & \(1.38\times 10^{2}\) & 73.13 & 42.16 \\  & MFO & 0.02 & 18.86 & 2.12 & 4.09 \\  & ALO & 0.02 & 0.10 & 0.06 & 0.02 \\  & GWO & \(1.46\times 10^{-4}\) & \(1.09\times 10^{-2}\) & \(4.58\times 10^{-4}\) & \(2.45\times 10^{-4}\) \\  & DOGWO & \(\mathbf{2.07\times 10^{-7}}\) & \(\mathbf{5.73\times 10^{-5}}\) & \(\mathbf{2.15\times 10^{-5}}\) & \(\mathbf{1.67\times 10^{-5}}\) \\ \hline \multirow{8}{*}{F6} & BA & \(4.22\times 10^{3}\) & \(1.29\times 10^{4}\) & \(7.84\times 10^{3}\) & \(2.59\times 10^{3}\) \\  & ABC & 0.01 & 0.11 & 0.04 & 0.02 \\  & PSO & 4.64 & 21.05 & 8.18 & 3.17 \\  & MFO & \(5.67\times 10^{-6}\) & \(1.01\times 10^{4}\) & \(9.97\times 10^{2}\) & \(3.04\times 10^{3}\) \\  & ALO & \(1.12\times 10^{-7}\) & \(1.93\times 10^{-6}\) & \(5.60\times 10^{-7}\) & \(5.30\times 10^{-7}\) \\  & GWO & \(7.48\times 10^{-6}\) & 0.99 & 0.38 & 0.27 \\  & DOGWO & \(3.92\times 10^{-6}\) & 0.50 & 0.27 & 0.18 \\ \hline \multirow{8}{*}{F7} & BA & 1.12 & 14.02 & 6.44 & 3.12 \\  & ABC & 16.59 & 30.05 & 24.25 & 2.68 \\  & PSO & 10.45 & 45.83 & 29.46 & 9.08 \\  & MFO & \(7.01\times 10^{-6}\) & 15.32 & 4.39 & 5.56 \\  & ALO & \(0.93\) & 13.53 & 4.68 & 3.06 \\  & GWO & \(4.65\times 10^{-42}\) & \(4.87\times 10^{-4}\) & \(4.01\times 10^{-5}\) & \(1.21\times 10^{-4}\) \\  & DOGWO & \(\mathbf{0}\) & \(\mathbf{0}\) & \(\mathbf{0}\) \\ \hline \multirow{8}{*}{F8} & BA & \(1.32\times 10^{-9}\) & 4.97 & 2.08 & 1.51 \\  & ABC & \(2.05\times 10^{-6}\) & \(1.99\times 10^{-4}\) & \(5.86\times 10^{-5}\) & \(6.26\times 10^{-5}\) \\  & PSO & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 \\  & MFO & \(0\) & 0.99 & 0.07 & 0.25 \\  & ALO & \(1.07\times 10^{-14}\) & 0.99 & 0.03 & 0.18 \\  & GWO & \(0\) & 0 & 0 & 0 \\  & DOGWO & \(\mathbf{0}\) & \(\mathbf{0}\) & \(\mathbf{0}\) \\ \hline \multirow{8}{*}{F9} & BA & 11.61 & 16.68 & 14.48 & 1.35 \\  & ABC & 0.47 & 2.60 & 1.51 & 0.49 \\  & PSO & 0.44 & 3.23 & 1.27 & 0.71 \\  & MFO & \(8.69\times 10^{-4}\) & 19.96 & 14.82 & 8.42 \\  & ALO & \(2.22\times 10^{-4}\) & 3.09 & 1.94 & 0.73 \\  & GWO & \(7.99\times 10^{-15}\) & \(1.51\times 10^{-14}\) & \(1.37\times 10^{-14}\) & \(2.21\times 10^{-15}\) \\  & DOGWO & \(\mathbf{8.88\times 10^{-16}}\) & \(\mathbf{8.88\times 10^{-16}}\) & \(\mathbf{8.88\times 10^{-16}}\) & \(\mathbf{0}\) \\ \hline \multirow{8}{*}{F10} & BA & 62.78 & 1.50\(\times 10^{2}\) & \(1.03\times 10^{2}\) & 21.85 \\  & ABC & 0.13 & 0.76 & 0.41 & 0.16 \\  & PSO & 0.31 & 1.01 & 0.67 & 0.19 \\  & MFO & \(2.92\times 10^{-5}\) & 90.51 & 6.05 & 22.96 \\  & ALO & \(3.95\times 10^{-5}\) & 0.08 & 0.01 & 0.02 \\  & GWO & \(0\) & \(1.62\times 10^{-2}\) & \(1.01\times 10^{-3}\) & \(4.01\times 10^{-3}\) \\  & DOGWO & \(\mathbf{0}\) & \(\mathbf{0}\) & \(\mathbf{0}\) \\ \hline \multirow{8}{*}{F11} & BA & 10.35 & \(7.02\times 10^{5}\) & \(9.05\times 10^{4}\) & \(1.89\times 10^{5}\) \\  & ABC & \(9.61\times 10^{2}\) & \(7.89\times 10^{5}\) & \(9.62\times 10^{4}\) & \(1.52\times 10^{5}\) \\  & PSO & 0.69 & \(6.05\times 10^{4}\) & \(2.39\times 10^{3}\) & \(1.10\times 10^{4}\) \\ \cline{1-1}  & MFO & \(2.66\times 10^{-6}\) & 2.48 & 0.28 & 0.52 \\ \cline{1-1}  & ALO & \(4.35\) & 15.35 & 8.08 & 2.76 \\ \cline{1-1}  & GWO & \(6.21\times 10^{-3}\) & \(6.01\times 10^{-2}\) & \(3.13\times 10^{-2}\) & \(1.12\times 10^{-2}\) \\ \cline{1-1}  & DOGWO & \(\mathbf{2.54\times 10^{-6}}\) & \(\mathbf{5.91\times 10^{-2}}\) & \(\mathbf{2.10\times 10^{-2}}\) & \(\mathbf{1.01\times 10^{-2}}\) \\ \hline \multirow{8}{*}{F12} & BA & \(4.93\times 10^{3}\) & \(2.92\times 10^{7}\) & \(2.59\times 10^{6}\) & \(1.30\times 10^{5}\) \\ \cline{1-1}  & ABC & \(2.05\times 10^{3}\) & \(5.84\times 10^{5}\) & \(1.29\times 10^{5}\) & \(5.39\times 10^{6}\) \\ \cline{1-1}  & PSO & \(0.26\) & \(1.16\times 10^{6}\) & \(4.97\times 10^{4}\) & \(2.18\times 10^{5}\) \\ \cline{1-1}  & MFO & \(2.65\times 10^{-5}\) & 3.61 & 0.36 & 0.97 \\ \cline{1-1}  & ALO & \(2.36\times 10^{-5}\) & \(9.82\times 10^{-2}\) & \(1.87\times 10^{-2}\) & \(0.19\) \\ \cline{1-1}  & GWO & \(9.86\times 10^{-2}\) & 0.85 & 0.34 & 0.18 \\ \cline{1-1}  & DOGWO & \(\mathbf{1.35\times 10^{-5}}\) & 0.50 & 0.23 & 0.12 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}