# Internet of Nonthermal Food Processing Technologies (IoNTP): Food Industry 4.0 and Sustainability
## 2 Principles of Industry 4.0  
### Food Industry 4.0: Principles  
Food Industry is constantly improving their processing and production with caution in environmental impact. There are many areas where there is a need for more improvements. The idea is driven by society, nature via climate change, profit, management where smart decisions are needed. There is view from different interdisciplinary and interprofessional leaders and professionals, where different aspects need to be considered. Industry 4.0 is a way to improve production processes, to increase the productivity, to reflect individual demands and short-term management wishes. The way of thinking together with Lean and Green management, is helping to reduce lead time and time to market [8]. Smart solutions of Industry 4.0 help to reduce product development time ad-hoc networking within cyber-physical systems (CPS). Moreover, it helps transparency in real time, to make faster and more flexible decision making, to archive global optimization in development and production [9]. Well known 1 st, 2 nd and 3 rd industrial revolution enabled the transition from manual to mechanical production. Industry 4.0 is the fourth industrial revolution applying the principles of CPS, internet-oriented technologies and smart systems with enhanced human-machine interaction systems. This enables communication between every segment of the system in the value stream and leads to internet-enabled mass customization in manufacturing [10]. The term was first coined in 2011 at the Hanover Fair in Germany. There are constant requirements regarding safety, nutritive composition, food fraud, and recently sustainability requirements. Thermal processing in food industry is most used way of preserving foods. In the last 15 years, many research of nonthermal food processing and scale-up on industrial level has been done. Nonthermal food processing includes electrotechnologies like cold plasma processing, PEFs, PL and e-beam processing. There are also pressure-based technologies like HPP (cold preservation-Pascalization), high pressure homogenization and mechanical technologies (high power US, hydrodynamic cavitation). Nonthermal technologies in connection with elements of Industry 4.0 and sustainability dimensions are presented in Figure 1. When discussing sustainability there can be improvements of already existing thermal technologies, in terms of lower energy consumption, lower emission of CO2, lower impact to the environments with waste reduction and its recycling (zero waste processing). The improvements of advanced thermal and nonthermal technologies, in terms of elements of Industry 4.0 should go in line with Agenda 2030 (United Nations, UN). There are many obstacles and interdisciplinary approach is needed to overcome those obstacles [11]. Technologies such as 5G, IoT, remote sensing, big data analytics, AI, machine learning and blockchain can be connected in development of synergy approach of using advanced thermal and nonthermal processing. The aim is the foundation of \"smart factories\" along with sustainability parameters and ISO standard 14040 [12]. Our future is 3D/4D printing and farm robotics (from farm to industry) will be increasingly used in the food and agriculture sector and many of these technologies are considered to disrupt the food and agriculture systems. Whole approach is needed in agri-food sector from farm to industry and market, that needs to be included and considered, in terms of circular economy [13]. Industry 4.0 includes automation and data exchange in manufacturing technologies and includes cyber-physical system, IoT, advanced connectivity and cloud-computing to transform production units into \"smart factories\". There is new concept--Agriculture 4.0 [14]. Agriculture 4.0 also discuss about data management and digitalization of data, in food and agriculture systems.