# Analysis of Driving Behavior of Micromobility Vehicle Users at Mini-Roundabouts
## 1 Introduction
Empirical research in this area can elucidate the infrastructure characteristics that either facilitate or hinder the safety and efficiency of micromobility vehicles, providing valuable insights for urban planners and policymakers. Recent studies on the safety of micromobility vehicles have focused predominantly on road sections [10; 11; 12], often neglecting intersections, despite their central role in road safety. Road surface quality has been shown to be a key factor in the safety of micromobility users, with poor road conditions strongly associated with increased accident rates among lone drivers. The importance of surface quality applies equally to e-scooters and bicycles, highlighting the need for well-maintained cycling infrastructure that reduces the risk of accidents and increases rider safety and comfort [13]. In addition, the geometry of road infrastructure, particularly lane width, plays an important role in road user safety. Narrower lanes are associated with an increased risk of collisions with micromobility vehicles [14]. Furthermore, sharp horizontal curves with limited sight distances could induce micromobility vehicle users to engage in risky behaviors, such as lane violations or speeding, resulting in serious safety concerns [15]. Intersections are complex traffic environments where different road users, including pedestrians, cyclists, micromobility users, and motor vehicles, meet, making them high-risk areas for accidents, as users perform numerous turning maneuvers. Therefore, detailed studies on how road infrastructure at intersections affects the safety of micromobility users are urgently needed. This study attempts to fill this knowledge gap by systematically analyzing the behavior of e-scooter users as well as cyclists at mini-roundabouts. Another goal is to understand whether there are fundamental similarities or differences between the driving behaviors of users of different micromobility vehicles when they cross this type of intersection. A recent Swedish study has shown that, in fact, the same user can demonstrate different acceleration and braking performances depending on the micromobility vehicle [16]. E-scooters and e-bikes or conventional bikes differ significantly in their design, stability, and speed. Unlike bicycles, e-scooter users adopt a standing posture while riding, which increases their risk of falling, as they cannot support themselves effectively [17]. This standing position means that e-scooter users are more likely to absorb the full force of the impact in the event of a fall, resulting in a higher risk of injury compared to seated riders. The stability of micromobility vehicles also varies considerably. Bicycles generally offer greater stability, especially at lower speeds, followed by seated e-scooters and standing e-scooters, whose stability improves with increasing speed [18]. Roundabouts pose a particular challenge for micromobility users due to the complex interactions with motor vehicles and the curvilinear trajectories that vehicles must travel. Drivers' driving behavior at roundabouts was studied by the authors of [19]. The results of this study show that the steering angle and the speed of travel provide important information for road safety at roundabouts. According to a literature review, the present research focuses on the study of the driving behavior of users of micro-mobility vehicles, including speed travel and lane positioning of vehicles during mini-roundabout crossing maneuvers. The maximum design speed of micromobility vehicles is a key determinant of safety. The European Committee for Standardization has issued the EN 17128: 2020 standard, which specifies design criteria for light electric vehicles, including e-scooters, with a maximum speed of 25 km/h [20]. Although this standard is not universally applied, it is being adopted by most European countries to mitigate the safety risks associated with higher operating speeds.