## 3 Results
### Template-Based Thermal Comfort Analysis without Cooling
#### 3.3.1 Analysis of [PERSON]'s PMV  
Figure 9 displays an overview of the annual PMVs in the individual thermal zones. This mean annual PMV value does not take into account seasonal differences in the PMV but still outlines that for the given weather data of TMYx and SSP5-8.5 (2080), the annual PMV increases combined over all thermal zones about 0.44 (mean PMV over all thermal zones).  
Figure 8: Annual energy demand for heating per building floor area.  
Figure 10 displays the changes between the two climate scenarios per thermal zone. Here, the number of hours per thermal zone within a specific PMV range is displayed for TMY\(\times\) (2007-2021) in Figure 10a, for SSP5-8.5 (2080) in Figure 10c, and the changes between these scenarios in Figure 10b. The results in Figure 10b highlight that the number of hours that are rather cold (PMV smaller 0) drastically shifts to warmer predicted temperature perceptions, resulting in more than 700 hours with a PMV larger than 2 in the kitchen. In the SSP5-8.5 scenario for 2080, all zones show PMVs larger than 2, while none of the thermal zones have shown so much discomfort for the baseline scenario.  
Figure 10: _Cont._  
Figure 9: Mean annual PMV per thermal zone comparing the scenarios for TMY\(\times\) (2007–2021) and SSP5-8.5 (2080) weather data.  
To gain more insights on the actual changes of the daily PMV variations through the year, the changes in the PMV data are visualized in Figures 11 and 12 for the exemplary thermal zones _Living_ and _Kitchen_ using calendar plots highlighting the 24 h mean PMV values per thermal zone. These calendar plots give a quick impression on the seasonal changes in the thermal comfort, highlighting seasonal shifts between the years TMYx (2007-2021) and SSP5-8.5 (2080).  
For the thermal zone _Living_ in Figure 11 with TMYx (2007-2021) weather data, the PMV ranges between \(-2\) and \(+2\) for the whole year, showing several longer periods of PMV below \(-1\) within the months of November through March, mixed with periods of PMV between \(-1\) and \(0\). This highlights that the heating set points for this thermal zone may not be sufficiently set to meet the comfort requirements or that the proposed clothing or activity values are too low for the winter months. Comparing the daily mean PMV values for the years of TMYx (2007-2021) and SSPS-8.5 (2080), the number of PMV below \(-1\) drastically reduced in the winter months, while the summer months (especially July and August) for SSP5-8.5 (2080) show a longer period of days with a PMV greater 1, and 10 days with a PMV between 2 and 3 and, thus, high discomfort for the occupants.  
Figure 11: 24 h mean PMV values for thermal zone “Living” for TMYx (2007-2021) and SSP5-8.5 (2080).  
Figure 10: Number of hours of the individual thermal zones within PMV ranges for TMYx (2007–2021) (**a**), SSP5-8.5 (2080) (**c**) and the difference between TMYx (2007–2021) and SSP5-8.5 (2080) (**b**).  
For the thermal zone _Kitchen_ in Figure 12, the PMV index in scenario TMYx (2007-2021) ranges between 0 and 1 (September through March) and a mix between 0 and 2 (April through August). With the 2080 weather data, the PMV between 1 and 2 is no longer mixed with PMV below 1 from May through September, but from June to August, 29 days with a higher PMV than 2 occur, resulting in longer periods of high discomfort.  
The heating loads in the kitchen are generally higher than in the other rooms. Additional mechanical ventilation may help reduce the heating loads during kitchen use to prevent overheating. However, due to the predicted climatic changes, a residential kitchen with natural ventilation may just not be able any longer to reach a thermally comfortable status throughout the year.  
These calendar plots reflect the daily mean PMV index, including the observed cool-down during the night. The actual maximum heat loads can be higher than the presented values of the calendar plots. Calendar plots for the other thermal zones are placed in Appendix A.4 in Figures A2-A6.