## 2 Taxonomy for the Protection and Detection of Infringing Multimedia Content
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c} \hline \hline  & **Category** & **Description** \\ \cline{2-3}  & Legal Management [51] & Methods for legal management of multimedia transmission over the IoE include clauses on authorship, rights, and privacy for official distribution and monetization. It also addresses data collection and analytics practices for the content. \\ \cline{2-3}  & Licensed Content [52] & Licensing for multimedia on the IoE is defined, confirming the author’s legitimacy and the terms of usage, including exclusive licenses, third parties, Creative Commons, EULAs, and public domains. It also covers legal representation and usage warranties. \\ \hline  & Watermarks [54, 61] & In multimedia protection on the IoE, computational procedures like electronic-signatures and anti-tampering steganography ensure against unauthorized changes and piracy. The authenticity of the file can be verified through watermark revelation. \\ \hline  & Content Encryption [55] & Refers to encrypting multimedia files for secure IoE presentation and dissemination. Access is limited to entities with decryption keys, ensuring confidentiality. This also aids in preventing unauthorized access or attacks that compromise their security. \\ \hline  & Access Control/Whitelisting [25, 56] & A set of user-centric configurations based on privilege roles and identity, designed to allow, block, or restrict the access and consumption of multimedia content across IoE platforms and websites. \\ \cline{2-3}  & Content Delivery Networks (CDNs) [57] & These networks efficiently distribute information without directly safeguarding copyrighted content. CDNs’ architecture enables synergistic integration of features like watermarks, content encryption, anti-hotlinking, secure transmission protocols (HTTP Strict-Transport-Security and Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure), constraints on multimedia file distribution, and comprehensive packet monitoring within the network. \\ \hline  & Content Fingerprinting [58] & It is a verification mechanism embedded within the multimedia file. Unlike a watermark, this mechanism exclusively embeds the contractual information of the owner in the form of a hash or digital fingerprint. This can be cross-referenced and verified against intellectual property database records. \\ \hline  & Domain Locking [59] & It is a lock that can be activated by the hosting provider registrant or the CDN to block unauthorized transactions of multimedia content outside the domain. Additionally, it allows for directing the end user to licensed/validated consumption points. \\ \hline  & Anti-screen Capture and Recording [60] & These constitute a series of locks at the operating system level, utilizing control over active directories or through browser-side JavaScript code, to prevent multimedia content from being recorded, trimmed, or copied without the permission of the website owner. \\ \hline  & Automated Content Moderation [62] & Involes the execution of AI, ML, and NLP algorithms to learn about text search behavior and to determine when the terms processed for multimedia content access queries might result in an infringing search. Some of these algorithms are applied using chatbot technology, allowing them to become active blocking tools when an unwanted pattern is detected. \\ \hline  & Blockchain Integration [63] & This refers to schemes using AI, ML, and Blockchain to synthesize multimedia files, producing hashes of multimedia databases and catalogs. This facilitates a comparison between the original and infringing files by identifying alterations or removals of metadata or protections, like fingerprinting and watermarking. \\ \hline  & & \\ \hline  & & \\ \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 1: Domain, subdomains, and categories related to safeguarding copyright protection of multimedia files in the IoE.