## 3 Research Background and Hypotheses
### Organizational Culture  
Numerous studies have highlighted the crucial role of organizational culture in the adoption of green logistics practices [3; 9; 16; 17; 18; 19]. This includes the impact of leadership support, employee involvement, and the organization's focus on sustainability, all of which shape attitudes and behaviors toward implementing green logistics technologies. In the logistics industry, environmental sustainability is becoming increasingly important alongside commercial sustainability [49]. Industry leaders must adopt the right mindset to ensure environmental sustainability, which may involve providing training and courses on green concepts to shift away from traditional thinking [50]. Organizational factors, including company culture and internal management, play a significant role in developing green initiatives. The willingness and capability to develop such initiatives depend on competences, knowledge, sustainability awareness, and the ability to overcome internal resistance [51; 52; 53; 54; 55]. Developing performance measurement systems can support monitoring activities and define plans, while effective communication can enhance the company's image and reputation, therefore strengthening sustainability-oriented initiatives [56; 57; 58]. Senior management's encouragement and support are crucial for applying green logistics practices as they decide on resource allocation and investment in the latest technologies [59; 60]. Organizations are more inclined to apply green logistics if it improves sustainability and environmental indicators while reducing or maintaining costs. Economic benefits, competitive advantage, compliance with legislation, and rising transport costs are both drivers and barriers to the further application of green logistics [22]. The study analyzes various factors of organizational culture that significantly influence the adoption of green logistics, as detailed in Table 3. **Hypothesis 2 (H2)** suggests that organizational culture influences green logistics implementation. Leadership support is evaluated based on the extent to which leaders advocate for sustainability, allocate resources, and actively promote green initiatives. Employee engagement measures the involvement and participation of employees in green logistics initiatives. Emphasis on sustainability examines whether sustainability goals are integrated into the organization's mission, vision, and strategic objectives, along with the presence of policies and training programs. Communication and awareness assess the effectiveness of communication channels in disseminating information about green logistics technologies and raising awareness among employees. Collaboration and teamwork measure the degree of collaboration within the organization, including cross-functional teams and knowledge-sharing platforms. Performance measurement and recognition assess the organization's approach to recognizing achievements related to green logistics technologies, including performance indicators and reward systems. Training and development examine the availability of programs that enhance employees' knowledge and skills in green logistics technologies. Organizational structure and processes evaluate how the organization's structure supports