## 2 Current Issues, System Rationale and Objectives  
### Infotainment Systems' Distraction  
A major issue currently hindering the development of in-vehicle infotainment systems is their negative impact towards driver's attention during driving which increases the probability of accident occurrences [6; 11; 14; 15]. This issue has been investigated extensively by various studies aiming to provide comprehensive guidelines for the development of the aforementioned devices [15; 16; 17]. Yet, conveying the digital information that current drivers are accustomed to through their smart-phones and other similar devices, whilst maintaining the driver's undivided attention to the driving task, remains a challenging task. Notably, the tendency to provide interconnected information to the user and infiltrate every aspect of daily life is currently appearing through the Internet of Things (IoT). IoT integrates the social element of mobility through vehicular interactivity and exchange of information primarily through vehicular ad-hoc network systems (VANETS), [3; 18]. This phenomenon is expected to increase exponentially and provide a vast number of updating information, from various outlets (i.e., smart home temperature, security cameras, and fire alarm monitoring amongst other), directly to the driver's infotainment system. This social element of network communication appears as a new segment of IoT, namely the Social Internet of Vehicles (SIoV). SloV entailsand interconnects a diverse spectrum of road users and vehicles which could share a plethora of data including audio, video, messaging, audio communication, and vehicular sensors' measurements, amongst others [19; 20]. As such, a system that provides prioritisation of incoming data and appropriate presentation to the driver is required to control and conform these multiple sources of information. Apart from the future complexity of IoT incoming data, a concurrent issue stems from less complex devices such as the smartphones and navigation systems. Notably, a large number of drivers are indulging in \"quick\" texting or short communication through their mobile phones which increases the accident probability significantly as shown in previous studies [10; 21]. Similarly, drivers attempt to reprogram a route on their satellite navigation system or follow provided traffic updates and alternative routes which can be proved equally hazardous to the mobile phone applications [11; 12]. This major issue of driver distraction by infotainment devices has challenged the automotive and electronics manufacturers to provide a solution. To this end, the above industries have attempted to tackle it by primarily embedding the external devices (smartphones and sat-nav) directly to a more homogenous environment in the vehicles' dashboards. Although this approach reduced the driver's multitasking challenge between different devices and interfaces, it still requires the frequent diversion of attention from the driving task to interact with the dashboard section of the car. Apart from the driving function, which can be defined as the primary task, all the new infotainment systems are falling under the category of secondary tasks. Depending on the amount of attention and interaction required, the secondary functions can be defined through a scale of 1-5 with five requiring the maximum driver attention [22]. These five groups are manual only, manual primarily, visual only, mostly visual and visual-manual, respectively. The latter subgroup has a highly attention-seeking propensity and requires both visual and manual interaction [22] intensively. As such, the visual-manual subset covers the majority of smartphone applications and navigation systems typically found in a vehicular dashboard. As the dashboard estate hosts the majority of these devices and is physically located on the lower part of the driver's FOV, the driver increases dramatically the eyes-off-the-road time duration which consequently increases the collision probability [21; 22].