# A Lifestyle-Based Perspective on the Mobility Choices and Preferences of Urban Travelers
## 4 Results
### Mobility Characteristics and Related Beliefs/Perceptions/Feelings of Attitudinal Clusters
Shopping trips seem to be the most sustainable, along with education trips, which are primarily undertaken by PT and walk. In relation to mode choice selection criteria (i.e., safety, cost, time, comfort, environment and lack of alternatives), independence tests did not reveal any significant differences between the clusters (\(p>0.05\)). However, in terms of trip purpose, comfort seems to be the dominant criterion for leisure, shopping and personal obligation trips, while time, along with comfort, is equally important for work trips. This finding aligns with the dominance of car use. A lack of alternatives appears more critical for work trips, while environmental criteria are selected by a rather small percentage of travelers across all trip purposes. A minor exception is observed for shopping trips where 6-7% of respondents within each cluster selected environment as their primary mode choice criterion. Similarly, for leisure trips, 9% of Eco-Conscious Social Adapters (cluster 1) and Socially Driven Digital Enthusiasts (cluster 4) selected environment as their main criterion. Educational trips account for only a small percentage of the sample (11.5%), with cost and lack of alternatives emerging as considerations, following comfort. Safety does not significantly affect any trip purpose overall, but the highest percentages of respondents selecting this criterion are found in clusters 2 and 3 for leisure trips. When respondents were asked about their preferred mode of transport, assuming cost, time, safety, and lack of alternatives were not considered, the answers shifted toward sustainable modes of transport for all trip purposes except education (Table A1). The larger shifts away from motorized transport were observed for work trips (29%), particularly among the Socially Driven Digital Enthusiasts. Trips for personal obligations followed, with a shift of 19.8%, they were also significantly undertaken by the Socially Driven Digital Enthusiasts. Shopping and leisure trips came next with shifts of 18.6% and 18.3% respectively, which was again largely attributed to cluster 4 members. However, it should be noted that the use of motorized transport modes remained high, particularly for personal obligation and leisure trips. The clusters most resistant to change were the Digitally Engaged Conventionalists for work and personal obligation trips and the Eco-Conscious Social Adapters (cluster 1) for shopping and leisure trips. For education trips, students showed a preference for motorized transport with Eco-Conscious Social Adapters leading this trend. When it comes to the dominant criterion for work or residence location selection, respondents were given two options: proximity to public transport or availability of parking. Statistically significant differences can be observed among the clusters in terms of residence location selection. Eco-Conscious Social Adapters (cluster 1) were almost equally divided between the two criteria, while Socially Driven Digital Enthusiasts had the highest percentage favoring parking availability. Parking availability was also the dominant  
Figure 3: Modal split per trip purpose for the entire sample. criterion for most respondents in clusters 2 and 3. For work location selection, though, proximity to public transport played an important role as well. Especially for Eco-Conscious Social Adapters (cluster 1), this criterion was equally important as parking availability. In a stated preference approach, where respondents had to choose their criterion for residence or work location selection when the new metro line becomes operational, proximity to public transport emerged as the dominant criterion for most respondents in both work and residence location selection across all clusters. The most significant changes were observed among the Digitally Engaged Conventionalists (cluster 2) for residence location selection and Eco-Conscious Social Adapters (cluster 1) for work location selection.