# Structural Behaviour of Concrete Deep Beams Reinforced with Aluminium Alloy Bars
## 2 Analysis of AA RC Beams
### Description of Specimens  
All beams tested by [PERSON] and [PERSON] [4] had the same cross-sectional dimensions. Each beam had a width of 120 mm (mm) and height of 200 mm. The effective depth of each beam was either 175 mm or 164 mm, which indicated that the a/d ratio was either about 2.28 or 2.44. The beams can hence be classified as deep beams [32]. As can be seen in Figure 1, the total length of each beam was 1500 mm and subjected to four-point bending. The tested AA beams had a three-part designation [4]. The first part (A) indicates that the beam was reinforced with AA bars. The second part (I or II) represents the group number. The last part refers to the tension reinforcement ratio (low, medium, and high). The number (1 or 2 or 3) at the end denotes the number of repeated tests with different concrete compression strengths. For example, the designation of AIL-1 and AIL-3 refers to AA RC beams with low tension reinforcement ratios (0.72%) included in the first group. The concrete strength of the beams was 22.6 MPa and 24.3 MPa, respectively. The experimental programme consisted of two series. Each series includes beams with different tension reinforcement ratios ((100% * A\({}_{8}\))/(b\({}_{\mathrm{w}}\) * d), where A\({}_{8}\) is the area of tension reinforcement, b\({}_{\mathrm{w}}\) and d are the width and effective depth of the beam) and AA shear link spacing (see Figure 1). The first group consisted of the AA RC deep beams with low- and high-lension reinforcement ratios (0.72% and 1.53%). The beams had either three or six 8 mm diameter AA bars in the tension zone and had two 8 mm diameter AA bars in the compression zone. The 6 mm diameter AA shear links were used at a space of 100 mm and 133 mm at shear span and midspan, respectively. The second group involved beams with low and medium tension reinforcement ratios (0.72% and 0.96%). The beams also had two 8 mm diameter AA bars in the compression zone, with either four or three 8 mm diameter AA bars were used as tension reinforcement. The shear reinforcement configuration of these beams was identical to the beams in the first group but with 6 mm diameter AA shear links at a space of 80 mm at the shear span. The geometrical details on AA-reinforced concrete beams tested by [PERSON] and [PERSON] [4] are depicted in Figure 1.  
The average concrete compressive strengths of AIL-1, AIH-2, and AIH-3 based on the cube specimen results were 22.6 MPa. The remaining beams in the first group, AIL-2, AIL-3, and AIH-1, had an average concrete compressive strength of 24.3 MPa. The beams in the second group, namely AIIM-1, AIIM-2, and AIIL, had an average concrete compressive strength of 48.5 MPa, 40.8 MPa, and 40.8 MPa, respectively. It should be noted that concrete compressive tests were conducted on three 150 mm * 150 mm * 150 mm cubes which were taken during casting concrete of each specimen [4]. The 6 and 8 mm diameter AA bars had a yield strength of 314.2 and 362.1 MPa, respectively. Their ultimate strengths were 344.1 and 378.9 MPa, respectively. The elastic moduli of the 6 and 8 mm diameter AA bars were 67,700 and 68,300 MPa, respectively. Table 1 also summarises the material properties [4].  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c} \hline
**Specimen [4]** & **Concrete Strength (MPa)** & **6 mm AA bar** & **8 mm AA bar** \\ \hline AIL-1 & 22.6 & Yield strength (MPa) & 314.2 & 362.1 \\ AIL-2 & 24.3 & Tensile strength (MPa) & 344.1 & 378.9 \\ AIL-3 & 24.3 & Elastic modulus (MPa) & 67,700 & 68,300 \\ AIH-1 & 24.3 & Strain corresponding & 0.46 & 0.53 \\ AIH-2 & 22.6 & to yield strength (\%) & & \\ \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}
Table 1: Material properties.  
Figure 1: The details of the AA reinforced concrete beams tested by [PERSON] and [PERSON] [4]: (**a**) first group beams, (**b**) second group beams (all dimensions in mm).