## 4 Random Pavement Excitation
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c} \hline
**Speed** & **Indictors** & **Passive** & **MFAC1** & **MFAC2** & **MFAC3** \\ \hline  & RMS(\(z_{\text{sa}}\)) & 0.2531 m/s\({}^{2}\) & 0.2182 m/s\({}^{2}\) & 0.1342 m/s\({}^{2}\) & 0.1424 m/s\({}^{2}\) \\  & RMS(\(\varphi_{a}\)) & 0.2099 rad/s\({}^{2}\) & 0.1718 rad/s\({}^{2}\) & 0.1105 rad/s\({}^{2}\) & 0.1261 rad/s\({}^{2}\) \\  & RMS(\(z_{\text{aa}}\)) & 0.2174 m/s\({}^{2}\) & 0.0609 m/s\({}^{2}\) & 0.1047 m/s\({}^{2}\) & 0.0629 m/s\({}^{2}\) \\
5 m/s & RMS(\(J_{\text{ssf}}\)) & 0.0047 m & 0.0039 m & 0.0036 m & 0.0035 m \\  & RMS(\(J_{\text{sssr}}\)) & 0.0043 m & 0.0040 m & 0.0037 m & 0.0037 m \\  & RMS(\(J_{\text{DTLf}}\)) & 265.4598 N & 265.3441 N & 260.3031 N & 253.0396 N \\  & RMS(\(J_{\text{DTLf}}\)) & 274.6861 N & 271.1274 N & 269.7326 N & 259.0869 N \\ \hline  & RMS(\(z_{\text{sa}}\)) & 0.3658 m/s\({}^{2}\) & 0.2962 m/s\({}^{2}\) & 0.1678 m/s\({}^{2}\) & 0.1925 m/s\({}^{2}\) \\  & RMS(\(\varphi_{a}\)) & 0.2951 rad/s\({}^{2}\) & 0.2560 rad/s\({}^{2}\) & 0.1531 rad/s\({}^{2}\) & 0.1597 rad/s\({}^{2}\) \\  & RMS(\(z_{\text{aa}}\)) & 0.2982 m/s\({}^{2}\) & 0.0837 m/s\({}^{2}\) & 0.1184 m/s\({}^{2}\) & 0.0909 m/s\({}^{2}\) \\
10 m/s & RMS(\(J_{\text{sssf}}\)) & 0.0067 m & 0.0057 m & 0.0054 m & 0.0053 m \\  & RMS(\(J_{\text{sssf}}\)) & 0.0058 m & 0.0058 m & 0.0045 m & 0.0044 m \\  & RMS(\(J_{\text{DTLf}}\)) & 378.6121 N & 374.6261 N & 361.5634 N & 354.6754 N \\  & RMS(\(J_{\text{DTLf}}\)) & 387.9935 N & 380.8379 N & 371.0558 N & 361.2199 N \\ \hline  & RMS(\(z_{\text{sa}}\)) & 0.4765 m/s\({}^{2}\) & 0.3881 m/s\({}^{2}\) & 0.2125 m/s\({}^{2}\) & 0.2425 m/s\({}^{2}\) \\  & RMS(\(\varphi_{a}\)) & 0.3411 rad/s\({}^{2}\) & 0.2988 rad/s\({}^{2}\) & 0.1915 rad/s\({}^{2}\) & 0.2187 rad/s\({}^{2}\) \\  & RMS(\(z_{\text{aa}}\)) & 0.3588 m/s\({}^{2}\) & 0.1027 m/s\({}^{2}\) & 0.1244 m/s\({}^{2}\) & 0.1071 m/s\({}^{2}\) \\
15 m/s & RMS(\(J_{\text{sssf}}\)) & 0.0083 m & 0.0078 m & 0.0076 m & 0.0069 m \\  & RMS(\(J_{\text{sssf}}\)) & 0.0072 m & 0.0065 m & 0.0059 m & 0.0053 m \\  & RMS(\(J_{\text{DTLf}}\)) & 465.7717 N & 458.5251 N & 456.0713 N & 435.7612 N \\  & RMS(\(J_{\text{DTLf}}\)) & 478.8739 N & 472.7714 N & 451.0862 N & 441.6093 N \\ \hline  & RMS(\(z_{\text{sa}}\)) & 0.5498 m/s\({}^{2}\) & 0.4450 m/s\({}^{2}\) & 0.2413 m/s\({}^{2}\) & 0.2796 m/s\({}^{2}\) \\  & RMS(\(\varphi_{a}\)) & 0.3926 rad/s\({}^{2}\) & 0.3469 rad/s\({}^{2}\) & 0.2156 rad/s\({}^{2}\) & 0.2484 rad/s\({}^{2}\) \\  & RMS(\(z_{\text{aa}}\)) & 0.4105 m/s\({}^{2}\) & 0.1139 m/s\({}^{2}\) & 0.1454 m/s\({}^{2}\) & 0.1245 m/s\({}^{2}\) \\
20 m/s & RMS(\(J_{\text{sssf}}\)) & 0.0095 m & 0.0086 m & 0.0080 m & 0.0077 m \\  & RMS(\(J_{\text{sssf}}\)) & 0.0083 m & 0.0078 m & 0.0063 m & 0.0059 m \\  & RMS(\(J_{\text{DTLf}}\)) & 534.7238 N & 528.9467 N & 520.3906 N & 505.9133 N \\  & RMS(\(J_{\text{DTLf}}\)) & 544.4752 N & 538.6432 N & 520.6340 N & 504.0269 N \\ \hline  & RMS(\(z_{\text{sa}}\)) & 0.6236 m/s\({}^{2}\) & 0.5110 m/s\({}^{2}\) & 0.2732 m/s\({}^{2}\) & 0.3126 m/s\({}^{2}\) \\  & RMS(\(\varphi_{a}\)) & 0.4285 rad/s\({}^{2}\) & 0.3752 rad/s\({}^{2}\) & 0.2524 rad/s\({}^{2}\) & 0.2851 rad/s\({}^{2}\) \\  & RMS(\(z_{\text{aa}}\)) & 0.4542 m/s\({}^{2}\) & 0.1216 m/s\({}^{2}\) & 0.1641 m/s\({}^{2}\) & 0.1421 m/s\({}^{2}\) \\
25 m/s & RMS(\(J_{\text{sssf}}\)) & 0.0105 m & 0.0099 m & 0.0095 m & 0.0094 m \\  & RMS(\(J_{\text{sssf}}\)) & 0.0093 m & 0.0089 m & 0.0085 m & 0.0068 m \\  & RMS(\(J_{\text{DTLf}}\)) & 598.0734 N & 590.9013 N & 582.9449 N & 573.9021 N \\  & RMS(\(J_{\text{DTLf}}\)) & 608.4276 N & 604.3024 N & 591.6629 N & 571.1349 N \\ \hline  & RMS(\(z_{\text{sa}}\)) & 0.6911 m/s\({}^{2}\) & 0.5857 m/s\({}^{2}\) & 0.3192 m/s\({}^{2}\) & 0.3504 m/s\({}^{2}\) \\  & RMS(\(\varphi_{a}\)) & 0.4592 rad/s\({}^{2}\) & 0.3862 rad/s\({}^{2}\) & 0.2703 rad/s\({}^{2}\) & 0.3122 rad/s\({}^{2}\) \\  & RMS(\(z_{\text{aa}}\)) & 0.4925 m/s\({}^{2}\) & 0.1372 m/s\({}^{2}\) & 0.1823 m/s\({}^{2}\) & 0.1584 m/s\({}^{2}\) \\
30 m/s & RMS(\(J_{\text{sssf}}\)) & 0.0113 m & 0.0109 m & 0.0102 m & 0.0095 m \\  & RMS(\(J_{\text{sssf}}\)) & 0.0101 m & 0.0098 m & 0.0086 m & 0.0081 m \\  & RMS(\(J_{\text{DTLf}}\)) & 655.6325 N & 646.6703 N & 635.3834 N & 631.9343 N \\Figure 8: Line graphs of RMS values of dynamic performance evaluation indicators for three active and passive HVS systems under random pavement excitation at different vehicle speeds.