# Evaluating Effects of Electric Vehicle Chargers on Residential Power Infrastructure
## 5 Conclusions  
In this research, the impact of EV charging on the electrical system in a condominium was analyzed, utilizing data to store load profiles, currents, and voltages, including harmonic analysis. The findings indicate that the current drawn by the EV charger varies depending on whether the operation occurs in a single- or three-phase mode, an aspect that is not predetermined or easily controlled in typical user environments. As a result, the unpredictable nature of phase utilization leads to fluctuating current levels, particularly in single-phase operation, which can significantly affect power quality and system balance.  
EV charging led to varying power consumption patterns for both single- and three-phase charging. In the observed case, most charging activity occurred using single-phase operation, which resulted in higher current levels in the corresponding phase. The power consumption during charging times was significantly higher, with the power (P\({}_{t}\)) reaching approximately 12 kW during peak times. Imbalanced phase conditions caused by single-phase charging led to significant current flow in the neutral wire, resulting in potential heat buildup and the risk of damage or fire. Voltage distortions, particularly in the single phase, were observed, indicating an imbalanced load distribution and potential power quality issues.  
The harmonic analysis revealed voltage and current distortions at certain times, with maximum distortions observed in the fourth harmonic for 1-Phase and 2-Phase. These distortions can impact the quality of electricity, affecting the operation of sensitive electrical equipment and causing unstable system performance. Harmonic distortions can also lead to resonance, causing further distortion and potential damage to electrical equipment.  
In conclusion, this research highlights the importance of good energy management and continuous system monitoring to ensure the efficient and safe use of EVs in residential buildings. Addressing the identified impacts through improved load distribution, regular maintenance, and system upgrades can significantly enhance the power quality and overall stability of the electrical system in condominiums.  
In future research, the scope of measurement will be extended to include a broader range of building types and environments. Variations in user behavior, existing electrical infrastructure, and environmental conditions may lead to different impacts on the integration of EV chargers. By capturing this diversity, the analysis will provide a more comprehensive understanding of system performance under real-world conditions. Furthermore, future studies will aim to identify effective mitigation strategies tailored to specific building characteristics, thereby supporting the development of adaptable and resilient EV charging infrastructure.  
Conceptualization and funding acquisition, P.C.; formal analysis and performing the experiments, O.C.; visualization, data analysis, and writing of the original paper, C.S.; experiment design and reviewing and editing, A.N.; resource and project administration, S.A. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.  
This research was funded by the Srinakharinwirot University Research Fund.  
Not applicable.  
Data Availability Statement: Data are contained within the article.  
The authors wish to gratefully acknowledge the financial support provided by the Srinakharinwirot University Research Fund for this research.  
The authors declare no conflicts of interest.