# Resource Management and Secure Data Exchange for Mobile Sensors Using Ethereum Blockchain
## 1 Introduction  
The Internet of Things (IoT) has emerged as a transformative force across various sectors, enabling the seamless integration of physical devices with digital networks to enhance connectivity and data-driven decision-making. The integration of mobile sensors into IoT applications represents a significant advancement in digital ecosystems, particularly in sectors such as smart cities, healthcare, and environmental monitoring. Thesensors contribute to a data-rich environment demanding robust frameworks for efficient resource management and secure data communication. Conventional IoT architectures, primarily based on static sensor networks, need to be revised owing to the dynamic nature of mobile sensors, which necessitates more flexible and scalable solutions. At the heart of this revolution lies blockchain technology, which offers robust solutions to the inherent challenges of security and trust in decentralized environments [1]. Blockchain attributes, such as decentralization, immutability, and transparency, are particularly advantageous for managing the complexities of IoT ecosystems, where data integrity and system reliability are paramount [2]. Blockchain technology, particularly Ethereum, offers promising solutions with decentralization, immutability, and transparency. Such attributes are crucial for managing complex IoT ecosystems, ensuring data integrity, and enhancing system reliability. However, the adoption of blockchain technology in this context may be challenging. The resource constraints of mobile sensors, including their limited computational power, storage capacity, and energy, pose significant barriers. These limitations restrict the practicality of implementing complex blockchain operations such as mining and smart contracts directly on mobile sensors. In addition, the continuous interaction between mobile sensors and blockchain networks can exacerbate bandwidth constraints, leading to increased transaction costs and latency. As IoT devices, including mobile sensors, proliferate, they generate large amounts of data that must be efficiently managed and protected. This convergence of IoT and blockchain promises enhanced security protocols and introduces new complexities in resource management [3]. Conventional Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) typically utilize static sensors. However, the dynamic nature of mobile sensors demands innovative approaches to resource allocation and data security, where blockchain can play a crucial role. As WSNs are characterized by resource-constrained wireless nodes, the primary challenges in WSNs are pivotal to issues related to resource management [4; 5]. The prominent challenges within WSNs are the intelligent allocation of resources such as energy, bandwidth, processing power, and resource management techniques. The core ideology is to maximize the overall lifetime of a WSN using proper resource management to ensure that the network remains operational for as long as possible without frequent battery replacement or node reconfiguration [6; 7; 8; 9; 10; 11]. The adoption of blockchain offers greater scope to bridge this gap in security and resource consumption [12; 13]. Integrating sensor nodes with the Ethereum blockchain presents several challenges related to resource management. However, some key issues exist: (i) Sensor nodes typically require more computational capabilities, including processing power, memory, and storage. Due to these limitations, running a full Ethereum node or executing smart contracts on resource-constrained sensor nodes is impractical. (ii) Ethereum blockchain operations, such as mining, transaction validation, and smart contract execution, require significant energy resources. Running these operations on sensor nodes can quickly deplete the battery, reducing network lifetime and operational efficiency. (iii) Transmitting data between the sensor nodes and the Ethereum blockchain introduces additional bandwidth requirements.