esa-sceva/satcom-chunk-collection huggingface dataset:
## 4 Results and Discussion
### Sustainability in Aquaculture  
Considering the principles of sustainability of aquaculture production systems, it is essential to apply environmentally friendly technologies that help mitigate impacts and minimize production costs [86]. According to FAO data [87], aquaculture currently provides more than half of the world's seafood for human consumption. Additionally, it is increasing its share of supply as capture fisheries stagnate and the human population continues to grow. In this context, the importance of advancing the debate on the impacts and benefits of aquaculture with eco-technologies for its sustainable development is evident. Based on the information presented in Figure 15, it is clear that aquaculture requires resources to fulfill its role in the global food industry by providing quality protein for human consumption [88; 89].  
Most of the current aquaculture production systems aim to be intensive [90], due to the need to increase world food production from 25% to 70% by 2050 [91]. Therefore, it is necessary for these systems to be sustainable and have a technological change; for this, it is necessary to apply the eco-technologies described in Figure 16, where water and energy are vital resources. Since the oceans will not provide the protein required by the population in the future, aquaculture production will focus on production in ponds and controlled environments at sea and on land [92; 93; 94].  
Thus, the present research aligns with the goals of sustainable development, mainly focused on zero hunger (SDG 2), affordable and clean energy (SDG 7), responsible production and consumption (SDG 12), and underwater life (SDG 14).  
It is possible to develop a sustainable aquaculture with the use of eco-technologies, each with its specific characteristics, which can be used individually or in an integrated manner, depending on the approach determined by each aquaculture farm. Whether for water saving in places of low availability or for energy efficiency, or energy saving in the cases of farms where this aspect is relevant, each of them entails implementation costs with their respective economic and financial feasibility analyses that are important to analyze in future lines of research.  
Figure 14: Cumulative cash flow chart of the photovoltaic system, obtained from Retscreen expert V8.  
Figure 16: Eco-technologies for sustainable aquaculture.  
Figure 15: Principles of sustainable aquaculture and sustainable development objectives related to aquaculture.
###### Abstract  
Previously, numerous creep studies on wood materials have been conducted in various coupon-scale tests. None had conducted research on creep properties of full-scale wooden cross-arms under actual environment and working load conditions. Hence, this research established findings on effect of braced arms on the creep behaviors of Virgin Balau (_Shorea dipterocarpaceae_) wood timber cross-arm in 132 kV latticed tower. In this research, creep properties of the main members of both current and braced wooden cross-arm designs were evaluated under actual working load conditions at 1000 h. The wooden cross-arm was assembled on a custom-made creep test rig at an outdoor area to simulate its long-term mechanical behaviours under actual environment of tropical climate conditions. Further creep numerical analyses were also performed by using Findley and Burger models in order to elaborate the transient creep, elastic and viscoelastic moduli of both wooden cross-arm configurations. The findings display that the reinforcement of braced arms in cross-arm structure significantly reduced its creep strain. The inclusion of bracing system in cross-arm structure enhanced transient creep and stress independent material exponent of the wooden structure. The addition of braced arms also improved elastic and viscoelastic moduli of wooden cross-arm structure. Thus, the outcomes suggested that the installation of bracing system in wooden cross-arm could extend the structure's service life. Subsequently, this effort would ease maintenance and reduce cost for long-term applications in transmission towers.  
balau wood; cross-arm; transmission tower; bracing system; creep; findley's power law model; burger model +
Footnote †: journal: Applied Sciences
# Design and Evaluation of Flooding-Based Location Service in Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks+
## 2 Related Work
### Vehicle-Aided Location Service (VALS)  
The VALS [17] is a location service in urban environments. It is based on the use of a hierarchy of location servers. VALS forms clusters of vehicles. Each cluster chooses a cluster head, whose role is to supply the location servers with the current position of its members. In VALS, an urban area is divided into two levels of hierarchies. The first level consists of road-side units (RSUs) located at each intersection of the area. The cluster head regularly sends its location to the nearest RSU. At Level 2 of the hierarchy, regional location servers (RLS) are used to regularly collect the location tables of the nearest RLS. This service can only operate in urban areas.
# Build Orientation Optimization Based on Weighted Analysis of Local Surface Region Curvature
## 4 Optimal Build Orientation
The curvature information of each point is calculated by fitting the NURBS parameter surface to the local point cloud, as the initial reference value for the curvature shift calculation. Substitute the curvature weight coefficient \(w(c)\) and the distance weight coefficient \(w(d)\) of each point in the local point set into the formula to calculate the shift vector \(C_{\text{ss}}\), and use the set threshold as the condition for \(C_{\text{ss}}\) convergence. If the convergence condition is met, it is the same cluster, otherwise set an initial point for the new cluster to calculate. When the clustering of the entire model is completed, the curvature of the cluster center point is used as the cluster weight \(w_{c}\), and the curvature of each point in the cluster is used as the local weight \(w_{l}\) of each point. The weight of each point is determined by \(w_{c}\) and \(w_{l}\). The weight \(w_{f}\)optimal build orientation. The triangle facet where each vertex is located is used as the key facet. Finally, \(w_{f}\) is introduced into the volume error function \(V\) and three vectors can be obtained as candidate build orientations after eigenvalue decomposition of \(V\). The vector that minimizes \(V\) is the optimal build orientation. This orientation ensures the surface quality of the regions where key points are located. Of course, different process and manufacturing requirements have different key points. In this article, only the points with greater curvature change are selected for method demonstration. As for special process and processing requirements, the mechanism of screening key points is more complicated, and the optimal build orientation is adaptively changed. Figure 7: Methodology for the process of optimizing the build orientation.
## 2 Results and Discussion
### Antiproliferative Activity of Hydrosol and Methanol Extract of P. ramossissima
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c c} \hline \hline  & \(\mathbf{t_{R}}\) & **Name** & **Monoisotopic Mass** & **[M + H]\({}^{\star}\)** & **Mass Difference (ppm)** & **Structure** & **Area (Counts)** \\ \hline  & & & Flavonoids & & & & \\  & & Flavonoid glycoside 1 & & & & & \\
1 & 6.24 & (Isoquercitrin/Hyperoside/ & 464.09548 & 465.10275 & 3.0 & C\({}_{21}\)H\({}_{20}\)O\({}_{12}\) & 600,867 \\  & & Quercetin/Spiraeoside ) \({}^{\star}\) & & & & & \\
2 & 6.71 & Flavonoid glycoside 2 (Flavonod & 448.10056 & 449.10784 & 3.5 & C\({}_{21}\)H\({}_{20}\)O\({}_{11}\) & 963,514 \\  & & O-glycoside ) \({}^{\star}\) & & 462.11621 & 463.12349 & 5.0 & C\({}_{22}\)H\({}_{22}\)O\({}_{11}\) & 2,714,820 \\  & & Anthocyanidin glycoside & & & & & \\
7 & 18.58 & (peonidin 3-rutinoside or & 609.18195 & 610.18922 & 4.5 & C\({}_{28}\)H\({}_{33}\)O\({}_{15}\) & 2,846,789 \\  & & 5-glucoside) & & & & & \\
4 & 7.68 & Hexadecasphinganine & 273.26678 & 274.27406 & 7.7 & C\({}_{16}\)H\({}_{35}\)NO\({}_{2}\) & 12,726,415 \\
5 & 13.14 & Octadecanoid & 308.19876 & 309.20604 & 0.6 & C\({}_{18}\)H\({}_{28}\)O\({}_{4}\) & 1,505,124 \\
6 & 16.02 & Erucamide \({}^{\star}\) & 337.33446 & 338.34174 & 6.0 & C\({}_{22}\)H\({}_{43}\)NO & 3,888,486 \\
8 & 19.05 & Phosphoserine (PS (O-18.0/13:0) & 707.51012 & 708.51740 & 5.2 & C\({}_{37}\)H\({}_{24}\)NO\({}_{9}\)P & 1,957,720 \\  & & or PS (O-16:0/15:0) & & & & & \\ \hline  & & & & & & & \\ \end{tabular} \({}^{\star}\) additional MassBank verification.  
\end{table} 
Table 3: Major non-volatile compounds in methanol extract and their probable and possible structure and/or class identification by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography–high-resolution mass spectrometry with electrospray ionisation. G0/G1 phase. The hexane extracts significantly induced apoptosis and DNA damage in A549 cells [32]. The results presented in this study provide new valuable insights into the various bioactivities of this plant and complement the biological activities of Apiaceae plants in general.
# A Python-Based Indoor Channel Model with Multi-Wavelength Propagation for Color Shift Keying
## 3 Channel Characterization Metrics  
### DC Gain Channel and Received Power  
The DC channel gain represents the DC value of the frequency response CIR \(h_{n}(t)\)[20]. It can be expressed as  
\[H_{0,n}=\int_{0}^{\infty}h_{n}(t)dt \tag{14}\]  
where \(H_{0,n}\) represents the DC gain for each wavelength. The average power received by the photodetector \(P_{R,n}\) can be computed using the DC gain and the average power transmitted by the light source \(P_{T,n}\), as illustrated by the relationship in Equation (15).  
\[P_{R,n}=H_{0,n}\cdot P_{T,n} \tag{15}\]
# Classification and Causes Identification of Chinese Civil Aviation Incident Reports
## 1 Introduction  
Safety is a primary concern for the civil aviation industry [1]. Unsafe events during a flight pose a significant threat to flight safety and can result in damage to the aircraft or even injury to personnel. Heinrich's law suggests that the occurrence of serious accidents may be closely related to the occurrence of near-misses and minor accidents [2]. Thus, the causes of incidents deserve comprehensive analysis. For each incident, the responsible airline is obliged to record all the details of its occurrence in the reports. In the investigation, report writers utilize data from multiple sources, including conversations in the cockpit, Quick Access Recorder (QAR) data [3], and interviews with the crew. Currently, many investigation reports are stored and not further utilized. Therefore, effective and rational analysis of incident reports can be of great help in identifying risk factors [4]. In practice, incident reports are usually descriptive texts and are unstructured or semi-structured. Due to the large volume, perhaps tens of thousands, of incident reports, traditional manual analysis is far from adequate [3]. Developing a feasible and efficient technical framework for filling this gap is the primary motivation for this study.  
Researchers have applied text mining techniques to areas such as public health [5], chemical engineering [6] and construction [7; 8; 9; 10]. There are quite few studies related to the aviation industry, especially in Chinese. [PERSON] et al. used the support vectormachine (SVM) technique for the automatic classification of aviation safety reports [11]. [PERSON] and [PERSON] proposed a framework to classify aviation events for controllability [12]. In addition, [PERSON] et al. also used the LDA model for topic modelling; [PERSON] developed a structured thematic model for aviation safety reports to identify the underlying factors that might trigger incidents [13]. [PERSON] et al. applied the human factors analysis and classification system (HFACS) to investigate human errors in aviation accidents [14]. In general, most of the current research has focused on classification, but other applications remain undeveloped. Identifying potential risk factors from plenty of reports is another challenge to be addressed [15]. In this study, we used Chinese NLP techniques to extract key information from Chinese civil aviation incident reports. In practice, as a very different language from Western languages, the NLP of Chinese focuses on processing characters, morphemes, and words [16]. On this basis, we proposed a technical framework for intelligent classification and cause identification with incident reports.  
This paper organizes as follows: in Section 2, we introduce the dataset and related works. In Section 3, we describe the method used to report the classification and present the results. In Section 4, we illustrate the principles of rule-based systems for cause identification and conduct experiments. In Section 5, we summarize this study and anticipate future works.
# Efficient Machine Learning-Based Prediction of Solar Irradiance Using Multi-Site Data
## 2 Proposed Solution
### Dataset Presentation and Acquisition  
The Measurement and Instrumentation Data Center (MIDC) dataset provides comprehensive data from various solar radiation measurement stations. The dataset includes both active and inactive sites, and users can access the data via a raw data API. This API facilitates automated extraction of daily datasets from any MIDC station, ensuring that users receive data equivalent to that retrieved using the \"All Raw Data\" option from the MIDC daily data web interface [25]. The key features of the dataset are as follows:  
* Station identifier: Each station is uniquely identified by an 8-character code.
* Date range: Users can specify a date range (begin and end dates) for data extraction with the format YYYYMMDD. If no dates are specified, the most recent day's data is returned by default.
* Comprehensive headers: Each dataset includes a header describing the columns, which may change over time. Users should read the header for proper usage.
* Instrument configuration changes: If the specified date range spans an instrument configuration change, the API returns an error, indicating the date of the change. Users need to make separate queries for data before and after the change.
* Field API: Before querying the Data API, users can call the Field API to know the available measurement parameters for a station over time.
* Station List API: Provides a comma-separated list of station identifiers, names, latitude, longitude, and elevation.  
* AIM Meta Data API: Offers information on instrument calibration history, location, maintenance, etc. A set of these station descriptors and their sites is presented in Table 3. In this work, six stations were selected, and for each one, data spanning three years were downloaded using the MIDC Raw Data API with the \"All Raw Data\" configuration. The download script filtered for the following:
* Station ID and name.
* Date range between January 2020 and December 2022.
* All available environmental and irradiance parameters (e.g., GHI, DHI, DNI, temperature, pressure). Each station's raw file was converted to a pandas DataFrame with unified timestamp formatting in 30 min intervals. Files were synchronized by their UTC timestamps, and any misaligned rows were dropped to ensure uniformity across features and stations.
## 1 Introduction  
The volume of textual data has experienced exponential growth with the extensive application of information technology across various industries. These data encompass vast textual information from diverse domains, including recorded speech data, news articles, social media posts, academic papers, and more. Effectively classifying and organizing textual data have become crucial tasks. Text classification facilitates the precise identification of textual information, thereby enhancing text comprehension and enabling the provision of more intelligent and personalized services across diverse application scenarios.  
Topic classification, as a pivotal engineering task in natural language processing (NLP), can rapidly and accurately discern the relevant textual theme. This task plays a significant role in various application scenarios, such as educational assessments, sentiment analysis, and public opinion monitoring. Conducting sentiment analysis on social media aids businesses in understanding users' attitudes and emotions toward their products or services, facilitating adjustments in marketing strategies. Additionally, performing topic classification in news reporting assists media organizations in swiftly comprehending the trends of current events, thereby enhancing reporting efficiency.
# Evaluation of Radio Access Protocols for V2X in 6G Scenario-Based Models
## 4 Analysis of Performance Results  
This section shows the performance of the 802.11p, 802.11 bd, LTE-V2X, and NR-V2X in terms CR, L, and DR and PER.  
A separate comparative analysis of the two IEEE protocols (IEEE 802.11p against 802.11 bd) and of the two 3 GPP protocols (LTE-V2X against NR-V2X) arises from their distinct performance emphases. While IEEE protocols are designed to deliver high data rates, enabling a rapid information exchange, albeit with limited range and reliability, 3 GPP protocols are optimized for operation within cellular networks. They prioritize long-range connectivity, high reliability, and low latency. Therefore, there is no rationale to compare IEEE protocols against those of 3 GPP as they present different characteristics and are usedin different scenarios. These contrasting characteristics reflect the operational contexts for which each protocol set was designed. Consequently, an individualized analysis is crucial for a comprehensive understanding of their capabilities and applicability.  
We start defining the configuration parameters used to calculate the L and DR values, utilizing the established theoretical mathematical model. Moreover, the PER calculation procedure through simulations is also described.  
Table 4 shows the values of the parameters considered to produce the data for the mathematical model.  
Monte Carlo simulations were carried out for the PER calculations, which were developed in MATLAB R2023b and Python. The channel model chosen for the V2V communications tests was rural line of sight (LOS) [40]. This channel model carries out communications between two vehicles in an open environment, presenting weak multipath components. The following simulation parameters were considered: delays of 0, 83 and 183 ns, power 0 and 30 dB, and Doppler shift 100 and 2000 Hz. The effects of fast fading and multipath (in addition to additive white Gaussian noise [AWGN]) are realized using the Rician distribution. It is worth noting that this study does not delve into technical aspects such as chipsets or antennas, nor does it consider operating conditions like electromagnetic interference, weather, or topography. These factors significantly impact V2V communication performance, influencing latency, data rates, and packet error rates. Therefore, relying solely on the parameters in Table 4 provides a more theoretical and referential comparative approach. This approach remains valuable for grasping the potential capabilities of both IEEE and 3 GPP protocols.
# Corrosion Behavior of Pre-Rusted Rebars in Cement Mortar Exposed to Harsh Environments
###### Abstract  
Rebar embedded inside reinforced concrete structures becomes corroded due to various factors. However, few studies have focused on the corrosion of pre-rusted rebar embedded in cement composites, and the findings reported thus far are inconsistent. Therefore, in this study, an experimental program was undertaken to examine the effect of pre-rusting on the further corrosion of reinforcements in cement composites. Pre-rust was induced using two different solutions (CaCl\({}_{2}\) and HCI). The corrosion rate in the cement composite was analyzed using the half-cell potential and polarization resistance methods. In addition, scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive X-ray analysis and X-ray diffraction analysis were used to examine the morphology of the rust. The results show that the corrosion rate of the rebar embedded in the cement composite can be increased by more than 3.8 times depending on the pre-rust conditions (RE: 0.0009 mm/year, HCI: 0.0035 mm/year). In addition, we found that the corrosion products in the pre-rusted layer were comparable to those of the rebar corroded in the marine atmosphere.  
corrosion rate; pre-rust; reinforcement; half-cell potential Article
## 3 Protocol Framework
### Transmit Period (TP)  
TP is assigned for transmission duration between PC and nodes. Under the characteristics of WBAN, we focused on transmission topology as Piconet cluster which is used in Bluetooth technology. The direct transmission between nodes is not allowed, but can be forwarded via PC. Hence, we considered two-way transmissions of downlink and uplink in TP.  
d-TP allows data to be sent from PC; both unicast and broadcast methods. Regardless of unicast or broadcast, the PC can transmit data anywhere, but the nodes cannot be aware of when the PC can send to them. Hence, we divide the d-TP by multiple time slots, and considered both unicast and broadcast. The Sync packet contains time offsets, destination address, and type (unicast or broadcast), depending on each d-TP slot.  
After a node receives the Sync packet from the PC, it finds all d-TP slots assigned to broadcast type, and also finds the destination addresses matched to itself if the type is unicast. Based on the Sync packet, each node can be aware of when it has to be awake to receive data from PC and when it can sleep.  
Figure 1: Overall frame structure of the proposed aSymMAC protocol.  
Figure 2: The 3-period types (Sync, Transmission, and Contention Period) in the Active subframe.  
If a node is selected as a receiver but cannot detect any preamble after Inter Frame Space (IFS), it should process an Early-sleep mechanism [11]. Note that IFS is existed for guaranteeing the turnaround time of transceiver transaction and for supporting the prioritized emergency data transmission.  
For the next step, u-TP is also divided into multiple time slots as shown in Figure 2, and all slots are fairly assigned for all nodes. In this period, all nodes do not have to keep a wake-up state. The node only wakes up if it has data to send to the PC. After a node finds the schedule of d-TP from the Sync packet reception, it accesses the assigned d-TP slots and transmits data. If a node cannot complete the transmission during the assigned time slots, it can continue to transmit the remaining data during CP using the competition approach. Moreover, the PC always wakes up during overall u-TP for successful reception.  
In both d-TP and u-TP, the Ack mechanism should be performed within the same time slot of the corresponding data transmission as shown in Figure 3. Specifically, one-time slot covers one data packet and one Ack packet. That is, the overall TP can be considered as a contentionless period because any packet does not collide in this period.  
The downlink transmission occurs only when the PC will configure or change some parameters of time schedule. u-TP is helpfully used to report periodic medical signals, such as vital sign, ECG, and EEG, meanwhile d-TP is not frequently required. For these characteristics, we employed selective d-TP assignment to allow the Sync packet to include the information of d-TP schedule only when it is required.