## 3 Results
### Effect of Emblica Extract Solution on Hair
#### 3.3.2 Effect of Emblica Extract Solution on Extensibility  
Figure 5 demonstrates the extensibility effect of emblica extract solution on three hair groups. The extensibility of VH (\(22.79\pm 2.72\), \(25.24\pm 4.76\), \(32.20\pm 3.22\), and \(37.14\pm 5.95\%\)) was lower than those of BH (\(31.05\pm 4.31\), \(35.54\pm 4.59\), \(39.46\pm 5.32\), and \(39.78\pm 3.50\%\)) and TH (\(32.41\pm 6.59\), \(33.98\pm 6.69\), \(30.18\pm 6.22\), and \(31.60\pm 7.40\%\)). Emblica extract solution increased the extensibility of VH by \(38.63\%\) and that of BH by \(21.94\%\). For VH and BH, the extensibility of hair treated with \(9\%\) EXS was higher than those of \(6\%\), \(3\%\), and DI water, respectively. The extensibility of VH and BH were statistically significantly increased by all concentrations of EXS except for the increase in the extensibility of BH caused by an increase from \(6\%\) EXS to \(9\%\) EXS, which was statistically insignificant. The hair with the highest extensibility was BH treated with \(6\%\) EXS, while that with the lowest extensibility was VH treated with DI water. The result showed that the more the concentration of emblica extract solution, the more the extensibility for VH and BH. For TH result, the tensile strength and extensibility showed fluctuations and inconclusive results. The analysis of correlation was also conducted on the result with Spearman's correlation coefficient. Regarding VH, the degree of correlation between the concentration of emblica solution and extensibility was \"moderate positive association\" (\(0.656\)) (\(p<0.01\)), that of BH was \"moderate positive association\" (\(0.608\)) (\(p<0.01\)), and that of TH was \"no linear association\" (\(-0.091\)) (\(p>0.05\)). All images in Figures 6 and 7 were taken from a group hair sample; thus about 50 SEM images were obtained in each group. Representative SEM images were chosen when \(>\)80% of electron micrographs showed a similar pattern of damage [28]. Figure 6 illustrates the magnified Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) images of hair surface in the cuticle scales. All VH surfaces treated with DI water (a), \(3\%\) EXS (b), \(6\%\) EXS (c), and \(9\%\) EXS (d) were normally smooth. The VH surface in Figure 6a was flat compared with the BH surface in Figure 6e, which was slightly damaged, and the TH surface in Figure 6i, which was dramatically damaged. On precise inspection,  
Figure 5: Mean extensibility (mm) of 3 groups of hair samples treated with DI water, \(3\%\), \(6\%\), \(9\%\) emblica extract solution using a texture analyzer (\(n=30\) each, \(p<0.05\)); error bars represent standard error of the mean. (3 groups: virgin, bleached, and twice bleached). the surfaces of BH and TH were damaged and lifted as much as the number of bleaching times. The damage of bleaching remains on treated TH (Figure 6i-I) more than on treated BH (Figure 6e-h). By comparing the pictures in the horizontal direction, emblica treated BH and TH (Figure 6e-I) showed that the higher the concentration of emblica extract solution, the smoother the surface. From the illustrations of BH (Figure 6e-h), 9% EXS could coat BH surface as smooth as VH, but the cuticle was more damaged and fractured. From the illustrations of TH (Figure 6i-I), 9% EXS could coat TH surface, but the cuticle was much more fractured and lost than VH and BH. Emblica extract could recover some parts of damaged hair. It could cover VH, BH, and TH and treated hair cuticle as confirmed by SEM analyses.