# From Vine to Wine: Non-Colored Flavonoids as Fingerprints
## 3 Results
### Univariate Analysis
#### 3.1.2 Geographical Origin  
Island of Precedence  
The ANOVA results of non-visible flavonoid concentrations in monovarietal red wines from different Canary Islands (Table 3) revealed that some flavonoid compounds exhibit clear (\(p<0.05\)) geographical differentiation, while others show more uniform distribution across islands. Regarding flavonols, the mean Cate concentration was significantly higher in red wines of Gran Canaria compared to those mean concentrations observed in the wines of the westernmost islands such as El Hierro, La Gomera, and La Palma islands. Similarly, the mean Epic and TFla concentrations in red wines from La Gomera was the lowest, with significant differences with respect to the mean concentrations observed in red wines from the rest of the islands (except La Palma for TFla). \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c} \hline \hline  & **El Hiero** & **La Gomera** & **La Palma** & **Gran Canaria** & **Lanzarote** & **Tenerife** \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{Cate} & 32.46 ab (10.60) & 25.17 a (7.40) & 23.47 a (7.66) & 46.59 c (31.63) & 33.76 abc (12.46) & 41.57 bc (15.48) \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{Epic} & 86.55 b (25.29) & 36.69 a (13.88) & 63.81 b (19.78) & 63.75 b (34.79) & 65.4 b (22.95) & 64.34 b (29.38) \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{TFla} & 119.01 b (29.15) & 61.86 a (19.79) & 88.76 ab (24.88) & 110.35 b (48.51) & 99.16 b (30.47) & 104.90 b (40.88) \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{M3 gu} & 0.36 ab (0.22) & 0.19 a (0.09) & 0.24 ab (0.21) & 0.4 b (0.25) & 0.3 ab (0.22) & 0.31 ab (0.22) \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{M3 gl} & 8.69 a (2.67) & 10.08 a (4.51) & 15.32 a (4.31) & 11.91 ab (5.36) & 15.51 a (7.21) & 9.31 a (5.50) \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{L3 gl} & 1.27 a (0.21) & 1.78 ab (0.80) & 2.28 b (0.84) & 2.31 b (1.04) & 1.93 ab (0.41) & 2.59 b (1.20) \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{K3 gl} & 0.44 ab (0.12) & 0.36 a (0.15) & 0.36 a (0.09) & 0.64 b (0.44) & 0.43 ab (0.19) & 0.44 ab (0.24) \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{Myri} & 2.43 a (1.50) & 3.61 a (2.25) & 3.79 a (2.04) & 5.11 ab (3.12) & 9.87 c (3.86) & 7.99 bc (3.99) \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{Q3 gu} & 6.07 a (3.09) & 8.49 a (5.05) & 9.78 ab (4.41) & 9.41 ab (4.96) & 22.27 c (8.70) & 14.3 b (6.85) \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{Q3 gl} & 3.5 a (2.06) & 6.4 ab (3.78) & 7.45 ab (3.74) & 6.51 ab (3.13) & 18.02 c (5.46) & 9.11 b (5.60) \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{Rutin} & 3.58 a (2.35) & 4.33 a (3.13) & 4.23 a (2.44) & 4.3 a (3.82) & 6.7 ab (4.89) & 9.16 b (5.55) \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{I3 gl} & 3.23 ab (1.30) & 2.32 a (1.85) & 2.55 a (1.24) & 3.66 ab (1.85) & 4.88 b (2.97) & 4.37 b (2.11) \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{Isor} & 3.21 ab (1.34) & 2.13 a (1.72) & 2.3 a (1.37) & 3.04 ab (2.05) & 4.11 b (2.98) & 3.55 ab (1.97) \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{S3 gl} & 0.49 ab (0.60) & 0.36 a (0.32) & 0.3 a (0.33) & 0.87 b (1.20) & 0.4 ab (0.36) & 0.56 ab (0.49) \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{Quer} & 2.46 ab (1.80) & 2.15 ab (2.16) & 1.51 a (3.39) & 3.24 ab (2.85) & 3.91 b (1.09) & 2.54 ab (2.50) \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{AFlo} & 7.85 a (3.65) & 7.4 a (4.97) & 9.73 ab (5.02) & 11.17 abc (6.63) & 15.38 c (6.63) & 14.02 bc (6.28) \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{GFlo} & 24.04 a (6.82) & 29.97 ab (14.67) & 38.28 b (10.42) & 35.82 ab (11.10) & 63.73 c (17.65) & 41.0 b (16.14) \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{Qder} & 12.02 a (5.72) & 17.04 ab (10.48) & 21.15 ab (9.55) & 19.16 ab (9.61) & 41.80 c (13.86) & 25.96 b (13.21) \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{Mder} & 11.49 a (3.65) & 13.87 ab (6.41) & 19.35 b (5.09) & 17.42 b (5.70) & 25.67 c (7.93) & 17.61 b (6.89) \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{Ider} & 6.44 abc (2.57) & 4.45 a (3.56) & 4.86 ab (2.55) & 6.7 abc (3.70) & 8.99 c (5.87) & 7.92 bc (3.94) \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{TFlo} & 32.14 a (9.84) & 37.85 ab (19.73) & 48.29 ab (14.58) & 47.21 ab (16.21) & 79.22 c (23.25) & 55.08 b (20.91) \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{Standard deviation was included between brackets. Different letters in each row indicate the differences between means are significant (\(\rho\)\(\leq\) 0.5).