# A Hybrid MCDM Model for Live-Streamer Selection via the Fuzzy Delphi Method, AHP, and TOPSIS
## 5 Conclusions  
Livestreaming has quickly engaged a large number of netizens due to its real-time and interactive features, following its introduction by Facebook in 2016. E-commerce operators added the livestream marketing model to e-commerce after sensing a business opportunity, introducing a brand-new experience and feel to companies and consumers. However, with the rise in intense competition among live-streamers, who play an important role in e-commerce livestreaming, e-commerce operators must make careful hiring decisions. Unfortunately, no related literature in the past has investigated this important topic. Therefore, this study applied a hybrid MCDM model comprising the fuzzy Delphi method, AHP, and TOPSIS to assist the managers of shopping websites in selecting live-streamers. The Delphi method is both a qualitative and quantitative research method based on expert knowledge. However, there are still many limitations to its application. Hence, \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c} \hline \hline  & **Separation from** & **Separation from** & **Relative Closeness** & **Ranking** \\  & **the PIS** & **the NIS** & **Closeness** & **Ranking** \\ \hline \(A_{1}\) & 0.0114 & 0.0126 & 0.5263 & 1 \\ \hline \(A_{2}\) & 0.0152 & 0.0157 & 0.5075 & 2 \\ \hline \(A_{3}\) & 0.0156 & 0.0153 & 0.4942 & 3 \\ \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 8: Ranking of each alternative. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c} \hline \hline  & \(A_{1}\) & \(A_{2}\) & \(A_{3}\) \\ \hline \(C_{1}\) & 0.0564 & 0.0360 & 0.0303 \\ \hline \(C_{2}\) & 0.0380 & 0.0416 & 0.0245 \\ \hline \(C_{3}\) & 0.0119 & 0.0159 & 0.0036 \\ \hline \(C_{4}\) & 0.0242 & 0.0285 & 0.0111 \\ \hline \(C_{5}\) & 0.0091 & 0.0116 & 0.0054 \\ \hline \(C_{6}\) & 0.0152 & 0.0169 & 0.0071 \\ \hline \(C_{7}\) & 0.0091 & 0.0104 & 0.0054 \\ \hline \(C_{8}\) & 0.0213 & 0.0180 & 0.0055 \\ \hline \(C_{9}\) & 0.0204 & 0.0150 & 0.0084 \\ \hline \(C_{10}\) & 0.0241 & 0.0156 & 0.0348 \\ \hline \(C_{11}\) & 0.0220 & 0.0145 & 0.0096 \\ \hline \(C_{12}\) & 0.0432 & 0.0248 & 0.0240 \\ \hline \(C_{13}\) & 0.0308 & 0.0213 & 0.0416 \\ \hline \(C_{14}\) & 0.0740 & 0.0390 & 0.0322 \\ \hline \(C_{15}\) & 0.0204 & 0.0093 & 0.0178 \\ \hline Final weights & 0.4201 & 0.3185 & 0.2613 \\ \hline Ranking & 1 & 2 & 3 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 9: The ranking results of AHP. based on the fuzzy Delphi method, this study invited experts to fill out a questionnaire and completed a survey, which addresses the semantic ambiguity among respondents, increases experts' intention to fill in the questionnaire, and reduces the loss of respondents resulting from numerous iterations, as in the traditional Delphi method. In contrast, it reduces the errors in experts' responses, improving the reliability of this study. The opinions from 30 managers of shopping websites were extracted using the geometric mean. The 15 important selection criteria were retained, including the ability to express clearly, respond to emergencies, emotional stability, positive work attitude, extensive life experience, the ability to solve problems independently, handle work flexibly, interact well with the audience, complete work with others, fulfill orders, presentation of products in different ways, professional knowledge, live-streamer fee, degree of match between live-streamer and product, and degree of self-confidence. Lastly, the criteria were classified into dimensions based on past literature and the interviews with the managers of shopping websites to establish a hierarchical framework. Past studies have shown that combining AHP with TOPSIS can produce objective and accurate results. Moreover, to avoid the many pairwise comparison matrices of AHP, which may cause difficulty for decision makers when filling out the questionnaire, the alternatives are ranked based on TOPSIS. A questionnaire was designed based on the hierarchical framework in combination with AHP and TOPSIS. Four managers from the case study company were invited to respond to the questionnaire to select the optimal live-streamer.