# A Game Theoretic Approach for Energy Sharing in the Italian Renewable Energy Communities
## 4 Case Study
### Users Consumption
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{l c c c} \hline \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**Type of User**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**Number**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Load [MhW/year]**} \\  & & **User** & **Total** \\ \hline
1 person resident & 32 & 1.1 & 35.2 \\
2 people resident & 32 & 1.7 & 54.4 \\
3 people resident & 19 & 2.3 & 43.7 \\
4 people resident & 11 & 2.9 & 31.9 \\
5 people resident & 3 & 3.5 & 10.5 \\
6 people resident & 2 & 4.1 & 8.2 \\ Not resident & 15 & 0.642 & 9.6 \\ Other usages & 16 & 1.356 & 21.7 \\ Public lighting & 1 & 2.0 & 2.0 \\ \hline Total & 131 & & 217.2 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 1: Number and consumption of users in the energy community grouped by types. inverse flow from the LV to the MV level. This reverse flow appears for 20.0% of the hours of the year. Indeed, 18 PV power plants are connected to the LV feeders, for a rated power of 80.6 kWp. The average size of each plant is 4.48 kWp. To evaluate the profile of load consumption, it is necessary to quantify the effect of local generators. Not all of these plants are monitored, so the total production from the PV generators has been estimated. A standard PV production profile is computed from the production profile of the monitored plant, and it is multiplied by the total rated power of the 18 plants. The standard profile is computed, hour by hour, as the 90 th percentile of the measured profiles. This choice is due the fact that the measurement available are for the injected powers and not for the produced ones. Evaluating the standard profile in this way avoids to consider values that are particularly low due to high self-consumption. The obtained profile is depicted in Figure 4. The number of yearly equivalent hours for such profile is 1072 (the value is reasonable considering that for the optimal oriented panels in the same location, the tool PVgis [33] indicates a number of equivalent hours equal to 1210). The total load profile due to LV users has been evaluated as the difference between the transit in the substation and the local production. The profile obtained is shown in Figure 5. Simple machine learning techniques based on regression trees (specifically, random forest) have been used to remove outliers. It is interesting to notice that the total consumption of the area has been estimated equal to 215.5 MWh. This value is quite close to the value obtained from the mean consumption for each category of users as detailed in Table 1 (217 MWh). Figure 4: Power production of plants connected to LV grid of Chiou. Figure 3: Power transit in the MV/LV transformer of Chiou. Once the total load profile has been obtained, it has been divided among the LV users, according to their estimated yearly consumption and hypotheses about the hourly distribution. In total, 9 different power profiles have been defined, clustered into the following groups:  
* Profile for public lighting. There is only one user to which this profile is assigned. The yearly energy consumption has been spread over the hours of darkness, supposing the public lighting work in an ON/OFF mode. * Profile for other usages. Sixteen users have been defined. We suppose that these users are mainly offices, small artisans and commercial activities. The profile has been created supposing energy consumption in the working hours of the year. In addition, in this case, an ON/OFF mode is considered, with energy consumption concentrated in the peak time windows of the Italian tariff schema (_Fascia 1_: from 8 a.m. to 7 p.m. from Monday to Friday, national holidays excluded). * Profile for not residential usage. Fifteen users have been defined. The profile for public lighting and other usages is subtracted to the power transit in primary substation and the resulting profile is the total consumption of domestic users. This is divided between residential and not residential users. The consumption of non residential users is supposed to the be concentrated on weekends. * Profiles for residential usage.