## 3 Results  
Observing the most frequent extrapulmonary localizations, it can be stated that pleura was most frequently affected by extrapulmonary TB (38%), the second most frequently affected was the musculoskeletal system (26.67%) and the third were the lymph nodes (19%) (Table 2). The gender distribution showed a difference between men and women. Among males, there was a higher trend in the incidence of extrarespiratory tuberculosis. Of the 105 cases, 59 males (56.19%) and 46 females (43.81%) were confirmed as having the infectious disease. The male sex was slightly overrepresented in the prevalence of the disease compared to the female sex, with a ratio of 1.28:1 to be precise (Table 3). According to Table 4, patients in the age group of 18-40 years predominated, more specifically 42 out of 105 cases (40%). The high morbidity rate in this age group can be explained by the fact that, in this period of time, patients' lives are affected by various \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c} \hline
**Diagnostic Method** & **Sensitivity** & **Specificity** \\ \hline Ziehl–Neelsen Staining & 63.15–80\% & 96.43–98.11\% \\ \hline GeneXpert MTB/RIF & 90–100\% & 96.22–98\% \\ \hline MGIT (Liquid Culture) & \(\sim\)80–90\% & \(\sim\)98\% \\ \hline Solid Culture (e.g., LJ) & \(\sim\)50–80\% & \(\sim\)100\% \\ \hline PCR-Based Tests & 85–95\% & \(\sim\)98\% \\ \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 1: Sensitivity and specificity of diagnostic methods. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c} \hline
**Distribution of Extrarespiratory TB by Location** & **Number of Cases** & **\% Distribution of Cases** \\ \hline Pleural TB & 40 & 38\% \\ \hline Osteo-articular TB & 28 & 26.67\% \\ \hline Ganglionary TB & 20 & 19\% \\ \hline Meninegal TB & 8 & 7.62\% \\ \hline Urogenital TB & 5 & 4.76\% \\ \hline Skin TBC & 3 & 2.86\% \\ \hline Gastrointestinal TB & 1 & 0.95\% \\ \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 2: Distribution by diagnosis. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c} \hline
**Distribution by Sex** & **Number of Cases** & **\% Distribution of Cases** \\ \hline Female & 46 & 43.81\% \\ \hline Male & 59 & 56.19\% \\ \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 3: Distribution by gender. internal and external negative factors such as stress, poor social and societal conditions, alcoholism and smoking, severe mental illness, HIV infection and many other immunodeficiency conditions. Looking at the distribution of the patient population by place of residence in our study, it can be stated that patients from rural areas dominated (61%), which can be explained by the more difficult access to health services and poor socio-economic conditions (Table 5). In terms of the distribution of cases by origin, 99 patients (94.2%) were newly diagnosed, 5 (4.76%) were relapsed patients on new antituberculous therapy, and 1 (0.95%) was a patient who had discontinued antituberculous therapy by personal choice. In total, 95 patients were treated as inpatients, most of them within the framework of a referral lasting 107 days (mean 15 days), and 10 patients who refused admission were treated in district pulmonary clinics (Table 6). In the last 5 years, extrapulmonary localization was confirmed in 9% of the 1214 cases of TB examined, either primary or secondary. Concurrent pulmonary involvement was confirmed in five patients. In our study population, we found that the most common form of extrapulmonary TB in patients with pulmonary TB was pleural TB (Table 2). The most common risk factors and co-morbidities were as follows: chronic smoking (11.37%) and chronic lung diseases (10.20%), followed by malnutrition (9.02%), which was most commonly observed in pediatric cases, cardiovascular diseases (8.63%), chronic alcoholism (8.24%), poor living conditions (8.24%), and last but not least, chronic anemia (7.06%). Among the associated chronic diseases, we can highlight chronic lung disease (10.20%), liver diseases (5.10%), associated infectious diseases (4.71%), diabetes (3.92%), osteo-articular diseases (3.92%), and psychiatric diseases (3.92%) (Table 7).