# Enhancing E-Learning with Blockchain: Characteristics, Projects, and Emerging Trends
## 4 Results
### Exploring Blockchain Projects in E-Learning  
Blockchain-powered education is experiencing a lot of innovation. Many e-learning platforms are being developed, such as IEEE Blockchain eLearning Modules [45], Interactive Learning Experience Platform (ILEP) [42], APPII [21], ODEM [21], Blockcerts [46], etc. These platforms have different features, such as verifying certificates and tracking student performance. They also provide secure data sharing. These educational platforms are expected to revolutionize learning in different fields by offering more transparency, security, and effectiveness.  
Here are some additional details about each platform:  
1. **IEEE Blockchain eLearning Modules:** This is a series of online e-learning modules on Blockchain offered by the IEEE Blockchain Initiative. The modules cover topics such as Blockchain fundamentals, applications, challenges, and opportunities. The modules are designed to assist learners in comprehending how Blockchain can provide a novel approach to conducting transactions, ensuring network security, and recording the authenticity and source of data [45].
2. **Interactive Learning Experience Platform (ILEP):** This e-learning platform is a proof of concept developed by researchers from University College London, leveraging Blockchain technology. The primary objectives of the platform are to enhance transparency in assessments and enable personalized curriculum delivery within the higher education context. The platform can automate assessments and issue credentials using Blockchain technology [42].
3. **APPII:** This platform uses the Ethereum Blockchain to allow users to create their profiles and smart CVs with verified courses from various e-learning platforms. Users can also earn tokens for completing courses or verifying other users' credentials. The platform uses smart contracts to ensure that users' data are secure and verifiable [21].
4. **ODEM:** This platform uses the Ethereum Blockchain to connect students with educators using smart contracts. Students can browse and book courses from various providers, pay with cryptocurrencies, and receive certificates on the Blockchain. Educators can create and offer courses, set their own prices, and receive payments directly [21; 47].  
5. **Blockctexts:** The public Blockchain Blockcert project of MIT [3]. This platform uses Bitcoin Blockchain to create, issue, view, and verify Blockchain-based certificates. The platform uses open standards and protocols to ensure interoperability and compatibility across different platforms and institutions. The platform also allows users to store their certificates in a digital wallet that they control [21; 43; 46].
6. **Sony Global Education (SGE):** Sony Global Education (SGE) has pioneered technology that applies Blockchain to the educational domain, utilizing its secure properties to enable encrypted data transmissions. This includes academic proficiency records and progress measurements, facilitating secure exchanges between specific parties [48]. This platform is renowned for safeguarding and sharing student records based on Blockchain technology [21; 49].
7. **University of Nicosia and Blockchain:** The University of Nicosia (UNIC) stands as the sole university offering comprehensive Blockchain credentials [46]. UNIC utilizes Blockchain technology to manage students' records, including certificates they have obtained from MOOC platforms [17; 50].