## 4 Results
### Barriers and Enablers Identified for the Production Link
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{l l l l l l} \hline \hline
**Barrier** & **Description** & **Chain** & **Technology** & **Reference** \\ \hline Interoperability & This allows technologies to exchange data in a fluid manner. & Banna & Agriculture 4.0 & [10,78] \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{Age} & The chronological age of potential users influences their risk perception & \multirow{3}{*}{Coffee} & Agriculture 4.0 & \multirow{3}{*}{[10,13,57,98]} \\  & and usefulness levels, which is why many studies have focused on & & & \\  & evaluating how young people or adults exhibit different patterns of & & & \\  & technology adoption. & & & \\  & & & & \\  & & & & \\  & & & & \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{Cot} & The costs associated with the purchase, rental, and maintenance of & & & \\  & technologies reduce or motivate their adoption. & & & \\  & & & & \\  & & & & \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{Complexity} & It is related to the difficulty in understanding, controlling, and managing & & & \\  & the technologies to be adopted. & & & \\ \cline{1-1}  & The privacy and security of information poses a risk for the parties & & & \\  & involved, which is why it becomes a risk that farmers prefer not to take. & & & \\  & & & & \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{Data standards} & How the organization is structured a barrier, given that low data quality & & & \\  & and interoperability become barriers to issues and anonymtically. & & & \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{Time consumption} & The time commitment required for implementing and using technologies & & & \\  & can limit their adoption. & & & \\ \cline{1-1}  & The adoption of technologies also depends on the ease with which they can be coupled with other technologies already implemented. & & & \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{Infrastructure} & The physical infrastructure required for the implementation of & & & \\  & technologies, both internal and external, limits their adoption and use. & & & \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{Arithmetic towards risk} & The perception of risk, especially in terms of return on investment, limits & & & \\  & the adoption of technologies. & & & \\ \cline{1-1}  & Technologies promoted by external agents require assertive & & & \\ \cline{1-1}  & Continuation and relationships between the parties to achieve their & & & \\ \cline{1-1}  & & & & \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{Farm size} & The size of the firm has been analyzed as a limitation in the adoption of & & & \\ \cline{1-1}  & technologies _terms of smaller size are especially less likely to adopt._ & & & \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{Connectivity} & Technologies associated with Food Informatics require an Internet & & & \\ \cline{1-1}  & & & & \\ \cline{1-1}  & connection, so infrastructure is necessary in production areas. & & & \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{Jeb losses} & Farmers associate the adoption of technologies with the loss of jobs, so & & & \\ \cline{1-1}  & they prefer to abstain from using them. & & & \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 8: Barriers identified for the production link. The attitude towards risk is another determinant for technology adoption, mainly associated with the willingness to invest in new technologies, which is affected by the uncertain economic returns these investments can bring [78; 104; 107; 109]. Regarding the farm size, it is evident that those farmers with larger farm sizes promote the use of technologies for production control. However, this is significantly reduced when organic practices are introduced [92]. On the other hand, other research contradicts these findings, stating that farm size does not impact the adoption of precision agriculture technologies [114]. Likewise, land ownership plays a role in the adoption process, since if the land is owned or leased, the willingness to make adjustments or adaptations required to implement the technology at the infrastructure level restricts the probability of adoption [83; 102; 115].