# Flooding Message Mitigation of Wireless Content Centric Networking for Last-Mile Smart-Grid +
## 2 System Model and Related Work
### Related Work  
[PERSON] et al. proposed a smart grid CCN architecture, and naming policy for smart metering service [3]. In the proposed architecture, authors define CCN Smart Grid attribute unit based on traditional Smart Metering data format as DLMS/COSEM and create basic URI form for Smart Grid CCN data exchange. [PERSON] proposed publisher-subscriber based SG network for wide area monitoring environment [10]. In the proposed scheme, the downwards traffic of the SG system such as critical price alert, firmware, metering request contents are propagated to LMN from the control server of the Smart Grid. To reduce the content propagation delay, rendezvous device that has the highest centrality of the network store the data from the SG server. Thus, the end-to-end distance between server and AMI devices, downloading time, and data propagation time are decreased compared to Host-centric (IP based) SG network. However, these algorithms did not consider wireless LMN environment.  
Wireless CCN algorithms can be adapted to LMN environment. Soon [PERSON] designed a CCN for tactical and emergency MANETs [12], called MANET CCN. To solve broadcast storming problem, MANET CCN utilizes the overhearing mechanism. When a node overhears a neighbor's interest packet, then the node aggregates the interest information. In addition, content reply mechanisms help to avoid packet collision. There are two types of messages, such as Reply and Request. A provider sends a Reply in response to the interest packet and waits for a Request from the consumer before delivering the content. In MANET CCN, content items can be classified as situation based (e.g., temporal and spatial) items and topic-based content items. Situation content items have higher priority than topic content items because they include location and time information. Thus, situation content items are quickly disseminated even though there are no request.  
[PERSON] et al. present a CCN based MANET protocol named E-CHANET that performs reactive based routing, forwarding, and reliable transport functions [13]. In contrast with above algorithms, E-CHANET tries to solve not only the broadcast storming problem but also the channel unreliability and disruption through the extended content request and delivery procedures of the pure CCN. In E-CHANET uses counter-based suppression mechanism before the packet transmission. When a node hears the same packet that has the same content prefix or content item, then packet is discarded for eliminating duplicated transmission. [PERSON] et al. [14] proposed a MANET-aware CCN algorithm on Android smartphones using Wi-Fi and Optimized Link State Routing (OLSR). This algorithm focuses on the message dissemination efficiency in highly mobile environments. To provide the higher probability of message delivery, MANET-aware CCN selects MPRs as content forwarding delegate. MPR can provide higher and optimized reachability to other nodes. MANET-aware CCN is based on CCN overlays because it brings the MANET optimizations for neighbor node reachability. Authors implemented two CCN overlays over OLSR using Haggle. For the first overlay, they kept Haggle's native algorithm for message forwarding. However, they removed link sensing and neighbor discovery function from Haggle CCN because OLSR already provides these functions. For the second overlay, the first overlay is extended by proposed MPR-aware forwarding algorithm. However, MANET-aware CCN uses the IP address to maintain neighbor information.