## 3 Results
### Characterisation of Phenolic Content
#### 3.1.2 Total Phenolic Content in Ethanol Extracts and Freeze-Dried Samples  
The overall phenolic content in ethanol extracts and freeze-dried leaves and herbs from VM and VV, collected from two different places marked as S and D, is shown clearly in Table 3. Predominantly, the highest total phenolic levels are observed in leaves (632.8 mg GAE/g) and aerial parts (600.52 \(\pm\) 2.40 mg/100 g) of VV D. For the leaves and herbs of VV S, the respective values are 470.8 \(\pm\) 9.0 mg/100 g and 600.52 \(\pm\) 2.40 mg/100 g. For VM, the phenolic content in the leaves ranges from 349.88 \(\pm\) 0.9 mg/100 g to 420.62 \(\pm\) 1.05 mg/100 g for D and S samples. Freeze-dried samples exhibit significantly higher amounts compared to ethanol extract samples. In particular, the phenolic content of VV S and D aerial parts is 968.52 \(\pm\) 1.27 mg/100 g and 941.78 \(\pm\) 2.75 mg/100 g, respectively. It is also high in the leaves of the same species, at 825.13 \(\pm\) 3.25 mg/100 g and 861.37 \(\pm\) 8.54 mg/100 g. The distinct geographical locations of the plants also contribute to the disparity. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{l c c} \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**Plant Sample**} & **Tannin Content \%,** & **Tannin Content \%,** \\  & **Ethanol Extract, \(\pm\)SD** & **Freeze-Dried Samples, \(\pm\)SD** \\ \hline _Vaccinium myrtillus_ leaves D & 1.34 \(\pm\) 0.02 \({}^{\rm{e}}\) & 0.14 \(\pm\) 0.004 \({}^{\rm{h}}\) \\ _Vaccinium myrtillus_ leaves S & 1.61 \(\pm\) 0.05 \({}^{\rm{f}}\) & 0.12 \(\pm\) 0.007 \({}^{\rm{h}}\) \\ _Vaccinium myrtillus_ aerial parts D & 0.68 \(\pm\) 0.07 \({}^{\rm{f}}\) & 0.21 \(\pm\) 0.001 \({}^{\rm{g}}\) \\ _Vaccinium myrtillus_ aerial parts S & 0.90 \(\pm\) 0.09 \({}^{\rm{f}}\) & 0.09 \(\pm\) 0.005 \({}^{\rm{h}}\) \\ _Vaccinium vitis-idaea_ leaves D & 2.85 \(\pm\) 0.07 \({}^{\rm{f}}\) & 0.02 \(\pm\) 0.005 \({}^{\rm{g}}\) \\ _Vaccinium vitis-idaea_ leaves S & 1.79 \(\pm\) 0.09 \({}^{\rm{f}}\) & 0.09 \(\pm\) 0.006 \({}^{\rm{h}}\) \\ _Vaccinium vitis-idaea_ aerial parts D & 0.85 \(\pm\) 0.16 \({}^{\rm{e}}\) & 0.18 \(\pm\) 0.007 \({}^{\rm{g}}\) \\ _Vaccinium vitis-idaea_ aerial parts S & 1.10 \(\pm\) 0.03 \({}^{\rm{f}}\) & 0.05 \(\pm\) 0.01 \({}^{\rm{h}}\) \\ \hline \end{tabular} In each column, the value with the same superscript letter means the following: \({}^{\rm{e}}\), \({}^{\rm{f}}\)—significant difference; \({}^{\rm{f}}\), \({}^{\rm{h}}\)—significant difference; \({}^{\rm{f}}\), \({}^{\rm{h}}\)—significant difference at \(p<0.05\) according to the post hoc Tukey test. D—Deksäre district, S—Sigulda district.  
\end{table} 
Table 2: Total tannin content in ethanol extracts and freeze-dried samples. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{l c c} \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**Plant Sample**} & **TPC mg/100 g, Ethanol** & **TPC mg/100 g, Freeze-Dried** \\  & **Extract, \(\pm\)SD** & **Samples, \(\pm\)SD** \\ \hline _Vaccinium myrtillus_ leaves D & 349.88 \(\pm\) 0.90 \({}^{\rm{m}}\) & 589.25 \(\pm\) 7.78 \({}^{\rm{1}}\) \\ _Vaccinium myrtillus_ leaves S & 420.62 \(\pm\) 1.05 \({}^{\rm{m}}\) & 706.19 \(\pm\) 3.10 \({}^{\rm{o}}\) \\ _Vaccinium myrtillus_ aerial parts D & 366.73 \(\pm\) 8.26 \({}^{\rm{m}}\) & 645.47 \(\pm\) 1.69 \({}^{\rm{o}}\) \\ _Vaccinium myrtillus_ aerial parts S & 368.28 \(\pm\) 4.66 \({}^{\rm{m}}\) & 714.39 \(\pm\) 1.18 \({}^{\rm{o}}\) \\ _Vaccinium vtis-idaea_ leaves D & 632.80 \(\pm\) 2.71 \({}^{\rm{k}}\) & 825.13 \(\pm\) 3.25 \({}^{\rm{o}}\) \\ _Vaccinium vitis-idaea_ leaves S & 505.33 \(\pm\) 0.75 \({}^{\rm{m}}\) & 861.37 \(\pm\) 8.54 \({}^{\rm{o}}\) \\ _Vaccinium vitis-idaea_ aerial parts D & 600.52 \(\pm\) 2.40 \({}^{\rm{k}}\) & 941.78 \(\pm\) 2.75 \({}^{\rm{1}}\) \\ _Vaccinium vitis-idaea_ aerial parts S & 470.93 \(\pm\) 9.00 \({}^{\rm{m}}\) & 968.52 \(\pm\) 1.27 \({}^{\rm{1}}\) \\ \hline \end{tabular} In each column, the value with the same superscript letter means the following: \({}^{\rm{k}}\), \({}^{\rm{l}}\)—significant difference; \({}^{\rm{m}}\)—significant difference at \(p<0.05\) according to the post hoc Tukey test. D—Deksäre district, S—Sigulda district.  
\end{table}