## 3 Results and Discussion
### Optimization Design of the Bag Filter
#### 3.2.2 Validation Based on Scaled-Down Simplified Models  
To validate the effectiveness of the proposed optimization measures, flow field distribution experiments were conducted on five sets of 1:10 scaled-down simplified models, each incorporating three vertical descending deflectors. The experimental setup and parameters were consistent with those used in the flow field distribution experiments for the original model, as outlined in Section 2.4. Corresponding CFD simulations were also performed under the same scale and operating conditions. The results are summarized in Table 3.  
As shown in the table, the relative errors between the simulated and experimental values of \(\Delta\overline{K}_{\xi}\), \(\sigma\), \(C_{\upsilon}\), and \(\overline{\upsilon}_{out}\) for each optimization model are all less than 10%. This confirms that the model design for all optimization schemes is both reasonable and feasible for practical operation. By comparing the airflow uniformity indices of each scaled-down simplified model with three vertical descending deflectors, it can be seen that Scheme 3 achieves a notable optimization effect among the models with varying deflector lengths (Schemes 1, 2, and 3). Meanwhile, Scheme 4 shows a more effective optimization among the models with varying deflector spacings (Schemes 1, 4, and 5). Moreover, by comparing the airflow uniformity evaluation indices of the original model from Table 2, it is clear that adding deflectors results in an improvement in airflow uniformity. CFD simulations were performed under the same experimental conditions to generate internal flow field distribution contours for the different scaled-down simplified models, as shown in Figure 10. R\({}_{5}\) represents the vertical cross-section at the center of the bag filter along the air inflow direction, displaying the distribution of high-velocity inlet air after interacting with the deflector plates. \(Y_{1}\) represents the cross-section at the outlet of the filter bag, showing the velocity distribution of the filtered air from each bag. Y\({}_{2}\) corresponds to the bottom cross-section of the filter bag, illustrating the airflow distribution before entering the filtration area. From Figure 10a, it is evident that the high-velocity airflow entering the dust hopper from the inlet channel sequentially impacts the three deflectors. After the collision, the airflow splits into two parts: one part rises along the deflector surfaces into the middle chamber, while the other part moves downward from the bottom edge of the deflectors at \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Schemes** & & \(\Delta\overline{K}_{\xi}\) & \(\sigma\) & \(C_{\upsilon}\) (\%) & \(\overline{\upsilon}_{out}\) (m/s) \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{Three Deflectors Scheme 1} & Simulation & 0.1966 & 0.2421 & 24.27 & 0.6902 \\  & Experiment & 0.2138 & 0.2558 & 25.6419 & 0.6401 \\  & Relative error & 8.74\% & 5.66\% & 5.66\% & 7.26\% \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{Three Deflectors Scheme 2} & Simulation & 0.1990 & 0.2504 & 25.10 & 0.6907 \\  & Experiment & 0.2164 & 0.2633 & 26.4015 & 0.6370 \\  & Relative error & 8.73\% & 5.19\% & 5.19\% & 7.77\% \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{Three Deflectors Scheme 3} & Simulation & 0.1758 & 0.2218 & 22.23 & 0.6906 \\  & Experiment & 0.1916 & 0.2309 & 23.1510 & 0.6409 \\  & Relative error & 9.00\% & 4.13\% & 4.13\% & 7.20\% \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{Three Deflectors Scheme 4} & Simulation & 0.1945 & 0.2346 & 23.52 & 0.6907 \\  & Experiment & 0.2034 & 0.2471 & 24.7713 & 0.6392 \\ \cline{1-1}  & Relative error & 4.55\% & 5.32\% & 5.32\% & 7.46\% \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{Three Deflectors Scheme 5} & Simulation & 0.1980 & 0.2458 & 24.64 & 0.6905 \\ \cline{1-1}  & Experiment & 0.2155 & 0.2579 & 25.8556 & 0.6396 \\ \cline{1-1}  & Relative error & 8.84\% & 4.92\% & 4.92\% & 7.37\% \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 3: Results of experiments and simulations for optimized model flow field distribution. a specific angle, forming a vortex at the bottom of the hopper.