###### Abstract  
This article explores the effects of outdoor PM\({}_{2.5}\) concentration, venue airtightness and the distribution of indoor PM\({}_{2.5}\) concentration on the curling venue of the National Aquatics Center. Research has found that when the filtration efficiency of the fresh air system is 60%, the outdoor PM\({}_{2.5}\) concentration increases by 20 ug/m\({}^{3}\), an average increase of 6 ug/m\({}^{3}\) in indoor PM\({}_{2.5}\) concentration. When the venue air tightness is good, the outdoor air quality has no significant impact on the average indoor PM\({}_{2.5}\) concentration. But as the number of infiltration air changes increases, the indoor PM\({}_{2.5}\) concentration in each region shows an upward trend. The end of the air conditioning system in the competition area adopts bag air duct supply mode, which can reduce the concentration of PM\({}_{2.5}\) in the competition area by 93%, and the moisture content is reduced to 2-2.5 g/kg, better meeting the requirements of curling competitions. c urling venues; CFD; PM\({}_{2.5}\) concentration; influence factor +
Footnote †: journal: Applied Physics Letters  
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1200 ppm, which exceeded the standard value. [PERSON] et al. (2020) [PERSON] et al. (2020) measured the concentrations of indoor and outdoor bacterial aerosols in indoor skating rinks in Poland, assessed the influence of ventilation systems on bacterial aerosol concentrations, and found that ventilation systems have a good regulating effect on indoor air hygiene conditions. Some Chinese researchers have studied the indoor air environments of basketball, badminton, table tennis, and other ball sports halls and found that owing to competition requirements, indoor wind speed and insufficient ventilation in ball sports halls often lead to high concentrations of CO\({}_{2}\) and PM\({}_{2.5}\), and pollutant levels are related to personnel activities and form of ventilation ([PERSON] et al., 2002; [PERSON] et al., 2005; [PERSON] et al., 2005; [PERSON] et al., 2005; [PERSON] et al., 2005; [PERSON] et al., 2005). [PERSON] et al. (2020, 2022) [PERSON] et al. (2020, 2022) [PERSON] et al. (2020) and [PERSON] et al. (2021) [PERSON] et al. (2021) measured PM\({}_{2.5}\) and PM\({}_{10}\) concentrations and investigated the subjective perception of users in the Ice Cube curling hall of the Winter Olympic Games from 2019 to 2022. They proposed the interactive relationship between the indoor PM\({}_{2.5}\) particle concentration and the heat and humidity environment for the first time. In terms of indoor PM\({}_{2.5}\) concentrations, researchers often use computational fluid dynamics (CFD) techniques for the numerical analysis of airflow distribution. [PERSON] et al. (2002, 2005) [PERSON] et al. (2005); [PERSON] et al. (2005) used the standard K-e model to conduct two-dimensional steady-state simulations of the thermal and humid environments of an ice rink. Their simulation considered radiation, turbulent mixed convection, and vapour diffusion between all internal surfaces, including the building envelope. The simulation results were consistent with the measured heights, thereby verifying the feasibility of the CFD simulation for ice rink buildings. [PERSON] et al. (2016) [PERSON] et al. (2016) established a three-dimensional (3D) model applicable to an ice rink based on [PERSON] et al. (2005) [PERSON] et al. (2005) and performed a numerical simulation of an ice sports arena using radiant heaters. This was the first time 3D CFD simulations of airflow and heat transfer were conducted for an indoor ice rink. [PERSON] et al. (2017, 2018) [PERSON] et al. (2017, 2018) conducted a comprehensive comparative study of five factors using different dehumidification methods, air supply methods, internal circulation systems, personnel numbers, and ceiling emissivity in ice rinks, using CFD simulation technology in subsequent studies.