# Sustainability Assessment on an Urban Scale: Context, Challenges, and Most Relevant Indicators
## 3 Results and Discussion Regarding the Selected Indicators within the Potential Categories  
Potential indicators were collected from BREEAM-C (2012), LEED-ND (2018), iiSBE SBtool(tm) Urban (2018), and iiSBE SNtool-Minimum version (2020) to illustrate the essential indicators for measuring urban sustainability. After analysing 162 indicators of the selected tools, the results showed that the majority of the indicators primarily focused on 49 main sustainability criteria (Table 2). The figures presented in the following sections suggest that the indicators covered by the analysed tools give an overview regarding the most and least popular indicators among the tools and if they are linked with the urban Sustainable Development Goals and ISO standards. The study provides a narrative description for each category to provide the rationale for its significance. It also depicts the frequency of usability of the indicators through the charts, enabling the comparison of their repetition. Moreover, the study provides a brief overview of the selected indicators' objectives or criteria, described in the following sections.  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{l l c c c c} \hline \hline \multicolumn{1}{c}{**N**} & **Indicators** & \multicolumn{1}{c}{**SBtool\({}^{\text{PT}}\_\)U**} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{**SNTool**} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{**BREEAM-C**} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{**LEED-ND**} \\ \hline
1 & Use passive solar design strategies & \(\bullet\) & & \(\bullet\) & \(\bullet\) \\ \hline
2 & Use natural ventilation potential & \(\bullet\) & & \(\bullet\) & \\ \hline
3 & Smart locations and efficient urban network & \(\bullet\) & & \(\bullet\) & \(\bullet\) \\ \hline
4 & Availability of public transport service & \(\bullet\) & \(\bullet\) & \(\bullet\) & \(\bullet\) \\ \hline
5 & Pedestrian path accessibility & \(\bullet\) & \(\bullet\) & \(\bullet\) & \(\bullet\) \\ \hline
6 & Cycling network and facilities & \(\bullet\) & \(\bullet\) & \(\bullet\) & \(\bullet\) \\ \hline
7 & Availability of on-street and indoor car parking spaces & & \(\bullet\) & \(\bullet\) & \\ \hline
8 & Availability and proximity of key local public services & \(\bullet\) & \(\bullet\) & \(\bullet\) & \(\bullet\) \\ \hline
9 & Access to recreation facilities & \(\bullet\) & & & \(\bullet\) \\ \hline
10 & Availability of local food production & \(\bullet\) & & & \(\bullet\) \\ \hline
11 & Infrastructure energy efficiency & \(\bullet\) & & \(\bullet\) & \(\bullet\) \\ \hline
12 & Percentage of total end-use energy generated on-site, derived & & \(\bullet\) & & \(\bullet\) \\  & from renewable sources & & & & \\ \hline
13 & Centralized energy management & \(\bullet\) & & & \(\bullet\) \\ \hline
14 & Percentage of total primary energy consumption derived from & & & & \\  & renewable sources & & & & \\ \hline
15 & Primary energy demand for heating, cooling and DHW & & \(\bullet\) & & \\ \hline
16 & Efficient drinking water consumption & \(\bullet\) & \(\bullet\) & \(\bullet\) & \(\bullet\) \\ \hline
17 & Effluent management & \(\bullet\) & \(\bullet\) & \(\bullet\) & \(\bullet\) \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}
Table 2: Indicators with similar issues and objectives in SBtool(tm)Urban (2018), SNTool Min (2020), BREEAM-C (2012), LEED-ND (2018).