## 4 Seismic Risk Assessment
### Seismic Loss Assessment
#### 4.4.4 Quantities in the longitudinal and transverse (in brackets) directions of the school building  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c} \hline \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**List of Elements**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**EDP**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**Fragility Function**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**Unit**} & \multicolumn{3}{c}{**Quantities ***} \\ \cline{5-6}  & & & & **Ground** & **1 st Floor** & **2 nd Floor** \\ \hline \multicolumn{6}{c}{_Structural elements_} \\ \hline Exterior Beam-Column Joints & Drift [\%] & & each & 20 (26) & 20 (26) \\ \hline Interior Beam-Column Joints & Drift [\%] & \multirow{2}{*}{Cardone [46]} & each & 23 (15) & 23 (15) & 22 (14) \\ \hline Non-Ductile Columns & Drift [\%] & & each & 44 & 44 & 44 \\ \hline Staircase & Drift [\%] & FEMA P58-3 [3,45] & each & \(1\) & \(1\) & \(1\) \\ \hline \multicolumn{6}{c}{_Masony Infills and partition walls_} \\ \hline Exterior masonry infill & Drift [\%] & \multirow{2}{*}{
\begin{tabular}{c} Cardone and \\ Perrone [47] \\ \end{tabular} } & \multirow{2}{*}{m\({}^{2}\)} & \multirow{2}{*}{454.4 (2.0)} & \multirow{2}{*}{454.4 (127.8)} & \multirow{2}{*}{447.3 (125.8)} \\ \hline Interior masonry infill & Drift [\%] & & & & \\ \hline Interior Gypsum Partitions & Drift [\%] & & & & \\ \hline \multicolumn{6}{c}{_Non-structural elements_} \\ \hline Doors & Drift [\%] & & each & 18 (15) & 13 (10) & 15 (10) \\ \hline Windows & Drift [\%] & & each & 23 (17) & 50 (9) & 53 (9) \\ \hline Desks & Drift [\%] & & each & 110 & 145 & 182 \\ \hline Chairs & Drift [\%] & & each & 140 & 182 & 182 \\ \hline Ceiling System & PFA [g] & & & & \\ \hline Fancoils & PFA [g] & & & & \\ \hline Lighting & PFA [g] & FEMA P58-3 [3,45] & & & & \\ \hline Piping—Water Distribution & PFA [g] & & & & \\ \hline Piping—Heating Distribution & PFA [g] & & & & \\ \hline Bookcases & PFV [m/s] & & & & \\ \hline Mobile Blackboards & PFA [g] & & & & \\ \hline Electronic Blackboards & PFA [g] & & & & \\ \hline Computers and Printers & PFA [g] & & & & \\ \hline Projectors & PFA [g] & & & & \\ \hline Switchboards & PFA [g] & & & & \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}  
* Quantities in the longitudinal and transverse (in brackets) directions of the school building.  
\end{table}
Table 4: Building inventory of structural and non-structural elements, according to [PERSON] et al. [21].  
In particular, the in situ surveys allowed for the accurate evaluation and quantification of all the non-structural elements in the school building; moreover, if specific information on the seismic protection of the non-structural elements was not available, they were considered without seismic design provisions.  
Table 4 also includes the EDP to which the damage of each group is more sensitive (PFA for most of the non-structural elements and Peak Story Drift (PSD) for the structural components), the corresponding fragility curve, and the quantities for each story. The fragility curves proposed by [PERSON] [46] and FEMA P58 [3; 45] for structural components were selected. In turn, for masonry infills and partition walls, the fragility functions proposed by [PERSON] and [PERSON] [47] and [PERSON] et al. [48] were respectively adopted, while those proposed by FEMA P58 [3; 45] were assumed for all the acceleration and velocity-sensitive non-structural elements. For desks and chairs, following engineering judgment, their fragility was correlated to the fragility functions assumed for the partition walls. This assumption is corroborated by past earthquake evidence [49; 50], showing how the collapse of the partition walls or infill walls would damage the adjacent desks and chairs.  
Finally, according to [PERSON] and [PERSON] [51], after a seismic event, there could be permanent lateral drifts resulting in the demolishment of the building. Hence residual drifts were also accounted for in the loss estimation by using a fragility function, with a median maximum residual story drift of 1.5% and a dispersion of 0.30.