## 5 Analysis and Results
### Construction Time with Tunnel Support Types  
Table 4 shows the summary for rock and rock mass conditions for each tunnel support type that is given from the Korean government [35]. The Q-value is converted from RMR by this relationship [36] and the rock properties; SPR, DRI and VHNR are automatically given from the Q-value in this study. When applying these conditions, as well as the tunnel and support conditions given in Tables 1-4, the construction time determined from the NTNU D&B model is presented in Table 5 and Figure 4a. Table 6 shows the operation time for each specific operation and how the basic, standard and gross operation times result from each operation time. Each operation time is \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Support Type** & **1** & **2** & **3** & **4** & **5** & **Range** \\ \hline Q-value & 166 & 18 & 2 & 0.2 & 0.02 & 0.001–1000 [39] \\ (RMR 1) & (90) & (70) & (50) & (30) & (10) & 0.001–1000 [39] \\ SPR & 0.32 & 0.41 & 0.5 & 0.59 & 0.69 & Normally, 0.3–0.8 [22] \\ DRI & 27 & 38 & 50 & 63 & 77 & Normally, 26–82 ([22,33]) \\ VHNR & 1313 & 804 & 493 & 302 & 185 & Normally, 100–2000 ([22,33]) \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}  
* RMR = 9:LN(S) + 44 by [PERSON] [36].  
\end{table} 
Table 4: Rock properties and rock mass conditions for each case. Figure 4: Construction time and advance rates with tunnel support types. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Category** & \multicolumn{3}{c}{**Support Type**} & **1** & **2** & **3** & **4** & **5** \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{Basic} & \textbackslash{1} & Operation time (week), or & & & & & \\  & \textbackslash{2} & Construction time (week) & & & & & \\  & \textbackslash{3} & Advance rate (m/week) & & & & & \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{Standard} & \textbackslash{1} & Operation time (week) & 16.9 & 19.9 & 37.6 & 63.5 & 113.0 \\ \cline{2-7}  & \textbackslash{2} & Construction time (week) & 73.6 & 74.9 & 117.3 & 173.8 & 258.9 \\ \cline{2-7}  & \textbackslash{3} & Advance rate (m/week) & 40.8 & 40.1 & 25.6 & 17.3 & 11.6 \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{Gross} & \textbackslash{1} & Operation time(week) & 50.3 & 50.3 & 50.4 & 49.6 & 49.7 \\ \cline{2-7}  & \textbackslash{2} & Construction time (week) & 123.9 & 125.2 & 167.7 & 223.4 & 308.7 \\ \cline{2-7}  & \textbackslash{3} & Advance rate (m/week) & 24.2 & 24.0 & 17.9 & 13.4 & 9.7 \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{Tunnel} & \textbackslash{1} & Operation time(week) & 19.7 & 19.7 & 19.8 & 19.9 & 20.1 \\ \cline{2-7}  & \textbackslash{2} & Construction time (week) & 143.5 & 144.9 & 187.5 & 243.3 & 328.7 \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{Total} & \textbackslash{1} & Operation time(week) & 23.6 & 23.7 & 26.7 & 30.7 & 36.6 \\ \cline{2-7}  & \textbackslash{2} & Construction time (week) & 167.2 & 168.6 & 214.2 & 274.0 & 365.4 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}  
* Operation time: pure operation time for each category. 2 Construction time: each operation time + construction time in the subordinate category. (e.g., gross construction time = gross operation time + standard construction time). 3 Advance rate: tunnel length/ construction time.  
\end{table} 
Table 5: Construction time and advance rates with tunnel support types. the time needed to perform the operation during one blasting round, and thus the time unit used is minutes. The subtotal time in hour for one whole tunnel length (3 km) is calculated by the subtotal time (min) of one round/60 (min) \(\times\) 3000 m/round length (m), as indicated in Table 5.  
In Figure 4a, the numbers inside each bar in the chart indicate the ratios of the respective construction times to the total construction time, and the numbers above each bar indicate the total construction times. The results show that the basic construction time, i.e., the pure excavation time not considering tunnel supports, increases from about 57 weeks to 146 weeks for a 3 km tunnel with a variation of tunnel support types from type 1 to type 5, except for type 2.