## 4 Literature Review Outcomes
### Interpretation of the Outcomes
Moreover, applying MCDM models can assist researchers to realize the most important factors to adopt Lean DSC in various industry sizes. In this regard, MCDM models can also represent the most important criteria for practitioners to help them evaluate their situation and level of readiness to apply Lean DSC in their SC. 4. Combination of digital technologies in SCM. As discussed in Section 4.1, BDA, IoT, CC, are the digital technologies more frequently applied with other ones. In fact, their concurrent implication, by providing real-time data, makes the basic infrastructure for information sharing and decision making in different echelons. This is also compliant with the results obtained by [50; 79]. For instance, just combining these three technologies at the first step of constructing DSC is according to lean principles by reducing the efforts to over-processing in different stages. In this regard, IoT can apply for collecting real-time data with less effort and CC can apply to integrate all the information instantly. Additionally, BDA by extracting the knowledge from different types of data can facilitate the process of decision making and decision analysis. Then,researchers and practitioners can gradually include the other complementary digital technologies that are relevant to their SC processes. Based on Figure 8, it can be stated that to achieve Lean goals, AM needs to be connected with the information-sharing system. In particular, it has a great connection with BDA, CC, and IoT. Moreover, by looking at the technologies that are least frequently combined together, for instance, BC can improve the trust among different SC members, so it might make them more willing to share information by CC. Moreover, improving trust to share information among SC members can also reduce the need for the auditing processes [62]. Therefore, this results in removing the over-processing waste. In addition, from the practical point of view, the combination of AM and BC can be fruitful since it can solve the current difficulties in AM adoption related to the licenses and copyright rules. In fact, BC can guarantee the originality of the 3D printing and AM models for the designer. Moreover, CC can combine with SDV to timely report any problem about their performance. Therefore, this leads to a decrease in waiting. Additionally, AR can be integrated with CC to assist SDV maintenance and decrease the required time and effort. Therefore, the mentioned technologies lead to improving the motion and waiting wastes. As another example, for specific applications such as light products or medical products, adding UAVs can improve last-mile delivery in Lean DSC by reducing transportation and waiting. To this end, UAVs should be supported by CC, BC, and IoT to collect and share reliable real-time information about product delivery. In addition, using UAVs can be beneficial in the warehousing process to improve inventory visibility and avoid over-processing and motion. In this regard, CC can assist in sharing the collected data by UAVs to integrate them with the other SC information systems and make a comprehensive analysis, also by using BDA.