## 4 Conclusions and Outlook  
The presented results show that the usage of metal-cored fillers can be used for the additive manufacturing of CCAs. The use of metal-cored fillers allow us to significantly increase the range of possible different chemical compositions that can be investigated for their properties after arc-based additive manufacturing in comparison to the use of cable-like fillers.  
Further research on the manufacturing of complex concentrated metal-cored wire, as a well-established filler for welding, needs to be done, although an alternative for alloy-development and the determination of the mechanical properties has been established using cable-like wires [31; 32; 33].  
An addition or precipitation of carbides can increase the strength and the wear resistance of an additive manufactured CCA, such as that shown in [47]. The shown alloy composition has been chosen to promote the formation of vanadium carbide. This precipitation has been shown in previous studies for cast specimen [34]. However, in this case, a formation of carbide has not been observed. One reason for this could be the relative low carbon content of the metal-cored filler. This will be considered in further investigations, in addition to the determination of the emerging phases of a further adjustment of the process variables.  
Figure 12: Thermal expansion coefficient over temperature.  
Nevertheless, it can be said that the aim of the presented research has been achieved and the following conclusions can be drawn. The main point of the presented studies is that the usage of metal-cored wire can be used for the wire and arc additive manufacturing of complex concentrated alloys. Furthermore, the manufactured wall structure and its material has achieved the following properties:  
* A yield strength of 534 MPa and an ultimate tensile strength of 563 MPa;
* An elongation of break of 2.1%;
* A hardness of 257 HV10.  
Furthermore, the presented material has a comparable wear resistance in the G75 test to cobalt-based alloys that are currently widespread in use for wear-resistant claddings with a loss of ca. 110 mm\({}^{3}\) of material in a standard G75 test.  
In further investigations, the crystal structure of the two phases shown here will be examined in more detail. Furthermore, the quality of the deposition can be significantly increased by further adjusting the process values in additive arc-based manufacturing. Further investigations are also planned in this area. An analysis of the diffusion behavior of hydrogen in this material rounds off the planned investigations.  
Conceptualization, K.T. and J.H.; methodology, K.T.; validation, K.T., J.H. and V.W.; investigation, K.T.; wear tests, S.L. and J.H.; resources, V.W.; data curation, K.T.; writing--original draft preparation, K.T.; writing--review and editing, K.T., S.L., J.H. and V.W.; visualization, K.T.; material acquisition, K.T. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.  
We acknowledge support by Open Access Publishing Fund of Clausthal University of Technology.  
Not applicable.  
The authors would like to thank Durum Verschleisschutz GmbH for providing the metal-cored wires and the Institute of Non-Metallic Materials for performing the XRD measurements.  
The authors declare no conflict of interest.  
References