## 1 Introduction
It was noted that the degree-day or degree-hour methods were utilized in determining heating/cooling energy loads, while financial analysis methods such as life cycle cost analysis, simple payback period, and the P\({}_{1}\)-P\({}_{2}\) method were employed. Various insulation materials, including extruded polystyrene, stone wool, fiberglass, wood wool, mineral wool, rock wool, polyethylene, and polyurethane, among others, were used. Additionally, as a fuel source, variety of fuels such as diesel, coal, natural gas, electricity, LPG, and fuel oil were utilized. [PERSON] et al. [9] investigated the effect of degree-day methods on the optimum thermal insulation thickness in life cycle cost analysis (LCCA). Their goal was to illustrate the variations and uncertainties in the LCCA results, considering different base temperatures for heating degree days and cooling degree days for two different methods (UKMO and ASHRAE) in Andalusia, Spain. They concluded that, on average, the heating degree days computed by using the UKMO method were greater, by 12.5%, than those computed by using the ASHRAE method. [PERSON] [10] analyzed the key design factors in a building situated in a cool climate zone. The parameters were categorized into two groups: a group of highly significant factors--including the flat roof design, window blind type, ground floor type, window-wall proportion, nearby shading and glazing type, passive ventilation, air infiltration rate, and window shading management plan--and a group of less critical factors, including the exterior wall construction, site orientation, and partition construction. The study revealed that, in the case of insulation under the most suitable conditions, there were energy savings of 88.1%, 94.2%, and 78.5% observed for the overall energy consumption, cooling load, and heating load, respectively. [PERSON] et al. [11] determined the ideal insulation thickness of exterior walls for the heating season by continuously measuring the indoor and outdoor temperatures using thermocouples. They recorded the values in four different directions throughout the year. The findings of their research suggested that considering variations in solar radiation exposure across different orientations, the ideal insulation thickness for walls facing the north, south, west, and east should be 6.47, 2.87, 6.97, and 6.98 cm, respectively. [PERSON] et al. [12] examined the insulation thicknesses in the exterior walls of a structure situated in a tropical climate region in Cameroon by changing the insulation type and wall structure. Based on the ideal thermal insulation thickness, they determined the payoff durations and energy expenditure reductions. They contrasted the outcomes of their research with those of other studies in the literature. [PERSON] et al. [13] conducted a study to enhance energy efficiency during the design phase of hospital buildings in Turkiye and to develop an energy-efficient hospital model considering CO2 emissions using software named Green Building Studio (2023). They noted that the lack of insulation in the walls resulted in a substantial increase of 10.09% in CO2 emissions. Furthermore, it was observed that CO2 emissions increased by 4.43%, 8.24%, 17.10%, and 12.05% for walls facing the east, west, north, and south orientations, respectively. [PERSON] [14] performed a dynamic modeling analysis to assess both the thermal and financial aspects of a specific area, aiming to identify the optimal facade factors such as window types and insulation thicknesses. The findings of the study underscored the importance of design considerations in enhancing energy efficiency and economic viability, encompassing factors like the glazing type, window area, orientation, and insulation thickness. [PERSON] et al. [15] contributed to the literature about thermal insulation applications by utilizing up-to-date data to determine the optimum insulation thickness and CO2 emissions for various climatic zones.