# Mechanical Properties of Cement-Treated Soil Mixed with Cellulose Nanofibre
## 3 Effect of CNF on Strength Increase  
### Unconfined Compressive Strength  
Unconfined compression tests were conducted on the specimens prepared by Method 1 to examine the strength of the treated soil. The method was in accordance with JIS A 1216 and JGS 0511 [21; 22]. In the tests, a cylindrical specimen of 50 mm diameter \(\times\) 100 mm height was compressed in the one-dimensional direction at a strain rate of 1%/min to investigate the axial compressive stress and strain. The strength of the soil was determined by taking the peak value of the relationship as the unconfined compressive strength. The tests were carried out 7, 28, and 112 days after preparing the specimens. The strength of treated soil is known to increase linearly with the logarithmic axis of time, and the specimens were cured for four times as many days each. The stress-strain relationship for each test case is shown in Figure 5. Figure 6 shows the time change of the unconfined compressive strength, together with the values normalised to the strength of the treated soil without CNF. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c c c c c c} \hline \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**(a)**} & \multicolumn{3}{c}{**Soil (Kawasaki Clay)**} & \multicolumn{3}{c}{**Anounts of Component**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**CNF \(-\)No Addition-**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**Total**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**CNF \(-\)No Addition-**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**Content**} \\ \cline{2-3} \cline{8-10}  & \multicolumn{1}{c}{**Total**} & & & & & & & & & & \\  & \multicolumn{1}{c}{**Soil**} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{**Particle**} & & & & & & & & & \\  & \multicolumn{1}{c}{**Water**} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{**(**Elst Furrace L B)**} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{**Total**} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{**Solid**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**Water**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**Total**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**Ratio (\%)**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**Rate (\%)**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**Content**} \\ \hline g & 1687 & 1030 & 657 & 0 & 50 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 1737 & \\ g/cm\({}^{3}\) & - & 2.671 & 1.023 & 1.00 & 3.04 & - & 1.5 & 1.0 & 1.662 & 0.0 & 47.9 \\ cm\({}^{3}\) & 1028 & 386 & 642 & 0 & 16 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 1044 & & \\ \hline \hline \multirow{4}{*}{**(b)**} & \multicolumn{3}{c}{**Soil (Kawasaki Clay)**} & \multicolumn{3}{c}{**Aware of Component**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**CNF (TEMPO-CNF)**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**Total**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**CNF (TEMPO-CNF)**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**Content**} \\ \cline{2-3} \cline{8-10}  & \multicolumn{1}{c}{**Total**} & & & & & & & & & & \\  & \multicolumn{1}{c}{**Total**} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{**Water**} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{**(**Elst Furrace L B)**} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{**Total**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**Solid**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**Water**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**Ratio (\%)**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**Content**} \\ \hline g & 1686 & 1030 & 656 & 0 & 50 & 11.43 & 10.30 & 1.13 & 174 & \\ g/cm\({}^{3}\) & - & 2.671 & 1.023 & 1.00 & 3.04 & - & 1.5 & 1.0 & 1.662 & 1.0 & 47.6 \\ cm\({}^{3}\) & 1027 & 386 & 641 & 0 & 16 & 8.00 & 6.87 & 1.13 & 1051 & & \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 4: Mix proportion of cement, CNF, water, and soil in Method 2 for evaluating variability: (a) Treated soil without CNF; (b) Treated soil with TEMPO-CNF (Powder).