## 3 Results
### Deviation of the CAD/CAM-Based Surgical Templates
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c} \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**Skull No.**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Medio-Lateral**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Antero-Posterior**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Supero-Inferior**} \\ \cline{2-7}  &
\begin{tabular}{c} **Mean \(\pm\) SD** \\ **(Range)** \\ \end{tabular} & \multirow{2}{*}{\(p\)**-Value \({}^{*}\)**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Mean \(\pm\) SD**} & \multirow{2}{*}{\(p\)**-Value \({}^{*}\)**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Mean \(\pm\) SD**} & \multirow{2}{*}{\(p\)**-Value \({}^{*}\)**} \\  & \multicolumn{1}{c}{} & & & & & \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{1} & 0.26 \(\pm\) 0.20 & \multirow{2}{*}{0.055} & 0.26 \(\pm\) 0.23 & \multirow{2}{*}{0.005 \({}^{*}\)} & 0.69 \(\pm\) 0.33 & \multirow{2}{*}{0.001 \({}^{*}\)} \\  & (0.03–0.71) & & & (0.02–0.78) & & (0.01–1.16) & \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{2} & 0.35 \(\pm\) 0.26 & \multirow{2}{*}{0.708} & 0.27 \(\pm\) 0.13 & \multirow{2}{*}{0.115} & 0.38 \(\pm\) 0.22 & \multirow{2}{*}{0.195} \\  & (0.02–0.85) & & & (0.03–0.50) & & (0.02–0.79) & \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{3} & 0.53 \(\pm\) 0.21 & \multirow{2}{*}{0.754} & 1.22 \(\pm\) 0.41 & \multirow{2}{*}{0.001 \({}^{*}\)} & 0.82 \(\pm\) 0.31 & \multirow{2}{*}{0.001 \({}^{*}\)} \\  & (0.13–0.93) & & & (0.62–1.72) & & (0.14–1.28) & \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{4} & 0.34 \(\pm\) 0.17 & \multirow{2}{*}{0.002 \({}^{*}\)} & 0.96 \(\pm\) 0.71 & \multirow{2}{*}{0.001 \({}^{*}\)} & 1.57 \(\pm\) 0.83 & \multirow{2}{*}{0.001 \({}^{*}\)} \\  & (0.08–0.71) & & & (0.01–2.13) & & (0.46–2.83) & \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{5} & 0.50 \(\pm\) 0.17 & \multirow{2}{*}{0.001 \({}^{*}\)} & 0.23 \(\pm\) 0.15 & \multirow{2}{*}{0.016 \({}^{*}\)} & 0.21 \(\pm\) 0.14 & \multirow{2}{*}{0.138} \\  & (0.15–0.78) & & & (0.02–0.51) & & (0.02–0.41) & \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{6} & 0.51 \(\pm\) 0.29 & \multirow{2}{*}{0.067} & 0.41 \(\pm\) 0.22 & \multirow{2}{*}{0.043 \({}^{*}\)} & 0.45 \(\pm\) 0.30 & \multirow{2}{*}{0.001 \({}^{*}\)} \\  & (0.01–1.08) & & & (0.13–0.89) & & (0.06–0.96) & \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{7} & 0.36 \(\pm\) 0.21 & \multirow{2}{*}{0.003 \({}^{*}\)} & 0.23 \(\pm\) 0.18 & \multirow{2}{*}{0.076} & 0.58 \(\pm\) 0.41 & \multirow{2}{*}{0.012 \({}^{*}\)} \\  & (0.09–0.74) & & & (0.00–0.54) & & (0.02–1.25) & \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{8} & 0.53 \(\pm\) 0.41 & \multirow{2}{*}{0.001 \({}^{*}\)} & 0.93 \(\pm\) 0.95 & \multirow{2}{*}{0.004 \({}^{*}\)} & 0.86 \(\pm\) 0.66 & \multirow{2}{*}{0.001 \({}^{*}\)} \\  & (0.00–1.36) & & & (0.10–2.64) & & (0.17–2.41) & \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{9} & 0.35 \(\pm\) 0.52 & \multirow{2}{*}{0.287} & 0.42 \(\pm\) 0.66 & \multirow{2}{*}{0.592} & 0.85 \(\pm\) 0.67 & \multirow{2}{*}{0.002 \({}^{*}\)} \\  & (0.04–2.05) & & & (0.05–2.72) & & (0.05–2.75) & \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{10} & 0.34 \(\pm\) 0.16 & \multirow{2}{*}{0.178} & 0.54 \(\pm\) 0.33 & \multirow{2}{*}{0.029 \({}^{*}\)} & 0.50 \(\pm\) 0.25 & \multirow{2}{*}{0.001 \({}^{*}\)} \\  & (0.10–0.58) & & & (0.04–1.09) & & (0.11–0.98) & \\ \hline \multicolumn{2}{l}{For all skulls} & 0.41 \(\pm\) 0.30 & 0.001 \({}^{*}\) & 0.55 \(\pm\) 0.59 & 0.001\({}^{*}\) & 0.69 \(\pm\) 0.59 & 0.001 \({}^{*}\) \\ \hline \end{tabular} \({}^{*}\) The difference was considered statistically significant if \(p<0.05\) (a paired \(t\)-test for comparison of \(x\)-, \(y\)- and \(z\)-coordinates between the planned and the actual position). SD: standard deviation.  
\end{table} 
Table 1: Absolute deviation in the medio-lateral, antero-posterior, and supero-inferior directions between the planned and actual positions for the reference structures of the surgical template (mm). In this study, the contact area between the template and underlying bone was \(1332.63\pm 187.56\) mm\({}^{2}\), and ranged from 1129.16 to 1765.33 mm\({}^{2}\). There was no statistically significant correlation between the contact area of the template and the positioning accuracy (RMSD) of the template (\(p=0.793\)).