## 4 Conclusions  
Single and multiple pull-out properties of nano-processed para-aramid fabric structure were investigated. It was determined that filament surfaces in para-aramid fabric exhibit almost complete homogeneous nanoparticle (nh-B\({}_{4}\)C, MWCNTs, GNPs, 0.3%) coverage where the proposed coating process is effective.  
The first single-yarn pull-out tests revealed an exceptionally high pull-out force relative to the successive second and third yarns. The main contributing factors include the surface roughening induced by nanoparticles, which intensifies filament-to-filament friction within the interlacement zone, alongside the cumulative frictional interactions among the nanoparticles. The highest pull-out force was observed in the BPO structure, followed sequentially by the MPO, KPO, and GPO structures. This phenomenon can be attributed to the presence of B\({}_{4}\)C and MWCNTs at the warp-wert interlacement regions and surfaces of the para-aramid fabric, which enhances yarn-to-yarn friction partly due to its large surface area and their geometries and partly due to the placement between filaments. It has been deducted that prior to the initial interlacement rupture phase, an increase in the number of yarn ends results in a corresponding enhancement in both pull-out force and crimp extension. This increase is further amplified with the incorporation of 0.3% nano-hexagonal boron carbide and multiwall carbon nanotubes into the para-aramid fabric structure.  
Single and multiple intra-yarn shear strengths are enhanced due to the incorporation of nano B\({}_{4}\)C and MWCNTs. This is attributed to the interaction between nanoparticles and the fabric structure's interlacement regions, as well as filament surfaces, which leads to an increase in friction-based shear resistance between the yarns.  
The highest energy absorption regions in the single-yarn and multiple-yarn pull-out energy of nanocoated fabric structures were identified, in descending order, as stick-slip energy (stage III), crimp extension energy (stage I), and initial interlacement rupture energy (stage II). The contributions of B4C and MWCNTs demonstrated enhancements across all these regions. An additional noteworthy observation is the enhancement of crimp extension energy absorption through nano-reinforcement. Notably, the improvement in the energy absorption capacity of yarns within the fabric structure, without disintegration, is considered significant at this stage. These findings suggest a potential performance enhancement for prospective soft ballistic applications.  
Conceptualization, K.B.; methodology, K.B. and N.E.B.; software, N.E.B. and G.E.; validation, N.E.B. and K.B.; formal analysis, N.E.B. and G.E.; investigation, N.E.B. and K.B.; resources, N.E.B., G.E. and K.B.; data curation, N.E.B., G.E. and K.B.; writing--original draft preparation, K.B. and N.E.B.; writing--review and editing, K.B.; visualization, N.E.B., K.B. and G.E.; supervision, K.B.; project administration, K.B.; funding acquisition, EUBAP. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.  
This research received a grant from Ecriyes University Scientific Research Unit (EUBAP) under contract number FDK-2023-13113.  
All data generated or analyzed during this study are included in this published article.  
The authors would like to acknowledge the assistance of [PERSON] from Kayseri University for conducting pull-out and tensile strength tests. Additionally, the authors are indebted to [PERSON] of the Department of Textile Engineering for his expertise in Python-based numerical computation methods.  
The authors declared no potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article.