## 4 Results
### Remote Work (Study) Security and Wi-Fi Settings
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{p{142.3 pt} p{284.5 pt}} \hline \hline
**Question Category** & **Key Findings** \\ \hline Informal and formal policy expectations & Work experience students are more likely to be aware of remote work policies. **(\(p<0.001\))** \\ \hline User expectations & Work experience does not translate into a significantly increased support need. (\(p=0.68\)) \\ \hline Technology guidance & Work experience is more likely associated with facing a mandatory requirement to use 2 FA for VPN access from the remote environment. **(\(p<0.001\))** \\  & Work experience students are more likely to have received cyber-security training in the past 12 months. **(\(p<0.001\))** \\ \hline Assessment of actual technology and practices & Work experience students are less likely to forward emails to private email accounts. **(\(p<0.001\))** \\  & Work experience does not translate into a significantly increased level of security for Wi-Fi protocol settings. (\(p=0.74\)) \\  & Work experience does not translate into a significantly increased awareness in relation to updating the initial Wi-Fi password. (\(p=0.59\)) \\  & Work experience does not translate into a significantly increased security awareness regarding devices with legacy operating systems (Windows 7 or XP) being connected to the home Wi-Fi network. (\(p=0.54\)) \\  & Work experience does not translate into a significantly more likely usage of more complex Wi-Fi passwords. (\(p=0.69\)) \\  & Work experience students are more likely required to use a VPN when connecting to the organizational network from the home Wi-Fi network. **(\(p<0.001\))** \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 3: Summary of key findings: Remote work (study) security and Wi-Fi settings. One area where work experience does not appear to enhance security awareness (\(p\) = 0.69) is Wi-Fi password usage. Both working and non-working students confirmed (W: 74% and NW: 75%) that they use complex passwords, defined by a number of characteristics, including 8-10 characters, a variety of symbols, special characters and lowercase and uppercase letters. In previous research, student employees with onboarding experience [53] described that even limited training covered password usage and regular password update. Acceptance of the creation and maintenance of complex passwords for the whole password cycle is also related to the overall awareness of IT system security and cyber-security policies [54]. One possible driver for this high password security awareness is probably linked to age. Generation Z (born between 1997-2012) is the age group of most survey students. The available research [55] confirms that even at the elementary school age, the population of Generation Z already had the appropriate mental models and understood the reasons for password protection, while they already managed 5-6 passwords both in school and at home. Survey results also confirm that usage of secure Wi-Fi security protocols (\(p\) = 0.74) and following the practice of changing the factory-provided Wi-Fi password (\(p\) = 0.59) are independent of work experience. Further, we did not observe that usage of devices with legacy operating systems (that are no longer supported by the manufacturer) connected to the Wi-Fi network differed across the two groups (\(p\) = 0.54). Most of the students (W: 72% and NW: 77%), who reported using Wi-Fi security protocols, have a WPA2 setup. However, in each survey group, almost half of the participants could not identify or recall the actual Wi-Fi security setting. This result might indicate that at least some of these Wi-Fi devices are not protected at all. Existing literature has estimated the unprotected portion of home Wi-Fi devices to be 35% [56], which is comparable with our results, if we assume that at least half of the unidentified cases are actually unprotected. An initial Wi-Fi password update was not performed by an almost identical portion of each survey group (W: 37%, and NW: 36%).