## 3 Digital News Story Preservation Initiative
### Multilingual News Archive  
The following section provides a brief introduction to the Digital News Stories Archive (DNSA). The primary concept behind the digital news story preservation (DNSP) framework was introduced at the International Conference on Asian Digital Libraries 2015 (ICADL-2015) [6]. The following contributions were made to the framework:  
* After analyzing 120 news archives worldwide, a comprehensive and generic systematic approach was proposed as a model for Web preservation. This approach entails a step-by-step procedure to be followed in web preservation projects [24; 25];
* A multisource web archive known as the Digital News Stories Archives (DNSA) was designed and developed to preserve online news articles originating from multiple sources [1];
* A digital news story extractor (DNSE) tool was specifically designed to extract news articles from diverse sources and compile them to form the DNSA. Its primary function is to collect and gather news articles from various online sources, ensuring their preservation within the DNSA [26];
* In the DNSA, we use content-based methods to link news articles during the preservation process. These methods rely on text features, such as the ratio of common terms based on their frequency [27], named entities [28], the position of terms, terms in the headline, the credibility of information, the distance between similar terms, etc., [1];
* Similarity measures were studied in the most relevant field of news recommender systems. A comprehensive study was performed on recommendation systems that can enhance the DNSP framework in different dimensions and improve its utility (a few of them are discussed in future work) [29];
* The CRMS technique was modified for news headings to reduce extra computation for the terms appearing in the news body for linking of English news articles during preservation [27];
* The CRMS technique was updated for linking of Urdu-language news articles with English-language news articles in the DNSA [30];
* A heading-based technique was introduced for linking of news articles in the DNSA during the preservation process in the DNSP framework [31]. The Digital News Stories Archive (DNSA) is a news archive created locally from multiple online sources that provide news in three languages, i.e., English, Urdu, and Arabic. Currently, the DNSA is archiving news articles from seven online newspapers and three local news television networks [26] in English, five Urdu news sources, and four Arabic online news sources. The archive (created locally) preserves more than one thousand news stories after removing duplicate URLs and news in each extraction. The high-level system architecture is illustrated in Figure 2. The figure depicts the process flow, starting from the ingest phase, where two mediators are employed to extract and incorporate metadata into the news story archive. Once the metadata are added, the news stories are archived and safeguarded for future use by generating an archival information package (AIP), as depicted in Figure 3. Subsequently, the preserved contents can be accessed using the information dissemination package. To help readers in accessing relevant news articles and enhance their understanding of various topics, the DNSA (Digital News Story Archive) requires an effective mechanism for linking digital stories and recommending them to readers. This mechanism, as discussed in previous studies [32; 33], aims to provide readers with a broader perspective and diverse viewpoints by comparing similar news articles from multiple sources. By establishing linkages between English-to-English news articles and English-to-Urdu news articles, the DNSA enables readers to browse through its extensive collection effortlessly. This linkage mechanism not only assists in authenticating information but also helps readers explore a wide range of news articles related to a particular topic.