###### Abstract  
Urbanization and related land consumption are one of the main causes of ecosystem services loss. This is especially the case for soil-related services affecting ecosystem functions and limiting accessibility to natural resources. Satellite remote sensing and environmental databases enable in-depth analysis of urban expansion and land changes, which can be used to monitor trends in the provision of ecosystem services. This work aims to describe a multilayered approach to the assessment of biophysical loss of ecosystem services flows in Italy caused by an increase in land consumption in the period 2012-2020. The results show higher losses in wood production, carbon storage, hydrological regime regulation, and pollination in the northern regions of Italy, as well as in some southern regions, such as Campania and Apulia. Habitat quality loss is widespread throughout Italy, whereas crop production loss varies on the basis of the locations in which it occurs and the crop types involved. Loss of arable land and fodder production mainly occurs in northern regions, whereas southern regions have experienced a drop in permanent crop production. This study highlights the importance of using integrated data and methodologies for well-founded approaches, with a view to gaining a thorough understanding of ecosystem services-related processes and the changes connected therewith. ecosystem services flows; land monitoring; land cover; land consumption; Italy 202 influence on local microclimates due to urban heat islands [13; 14], landscape fragmentation, and the loss of biodiversity [15; 16]. Such effects limit the accessibility to natural resources and the provision of ecosystem services (ES), defined as the goods and benefits that people derive from ecosystems [17; 18]. ES provision is a dynamic process and can be measured, in terms of flow, as the annual potential number of services provided by ecosystems [19; 20]. Recent studies have focused mainly on drivers of change and the impact thereof on ES as a relevant issue to be understood, as well as the related implications on ecosystems functions and conservation [21], also including soil functions. Soils play a crucial role in providing several so-called soil ES [22; 23], in particular provisioning and regulation services [24; 25], contributing for example to food and wood production, hydrological flow regulation, carbon sequestration, pollination, habitat function, and biodiversity conservation [26]. Indeed, there is, through soil functions, a direct link of soil properties to specific ES, as indicated in [PERSON] et al. [27]. In recent decades, policies and strategies have highlighted the importance of ES in maintaining livelihoods, and have stressed the fact that, for the purpose of providing ES, the natural land and agricultural system depend on soil. This is also confirmed by the recent EU Soil Strategy for 2030 [28], the EU Biodiversity Strategy for 2030 [29], and the Common Agricultural Policy [30]. The increasing amount of attention that is, with a view to fostering sustainable land development, paid at the international level to ecosystems, and the need to consider how changes in ecosystems affect human well-being [17; 31; 32], have given rise to an assessment being made both at a global level--based on the Aichi Biodiversity Targets [33] and the 2030 Agenda [34]--and at a European level [35]. The concept of ES, and the related frameworks that have been developed in connection therewith, have been recognized as being vital for supporting territorial management policies [17; 22; 36]. The various initiatives aim to improve the mapping of ecosystems, become apprised of the functional interactions and the pressures to which they are subjected, as well as establish indicators that assess changes in the provision of ES, in terms of the biophysical and economic aspects thereof [37]. ES assessment is a complex process, which involves integrating different scientific fields and several databases that vary in accuracy, scale, updating, and availability.