## 4 Results
### Obstacles and Challenges in Integrating AR in Education  
Regarding the open question \"What are the obstacles/challenges of AR in education?\", participants perceived that there are several obstacles and challenges that prevent the integration of ARinE. These obstacles and challenges are related to the AR technology itself and the AR educational resources, the students, the teachers, the teaching practices, and the schools. According to several participants, the cost of buying and maintaining AR equipment and resources as well as the lack of AR educational content and resources (in various languages, educational subjects, levels, objectives, etc.) impede the wide adoption of ARinE (Table 12). \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{p{113.8 pt} p{113.8 pt} p{113.8 pt}} \hline \hline
**AR Benefits and Opportunities** & **Frequency** & **Example** \\ \hline Increase students’ interest & 8 & _Can spark the students’ interest._ \\ \hline Increase students’ engagement & 8 & _Increase student engagement in content._ \\ \hline Increase students’ motivation & 5 & _Raises students’ motivation._ \\ \hline Increase students’ commitment & 1 & _Increase the commitment and interest of students for the subject studied._ \\ \hline Increase students’ enthusiasm & 1 & _For students to be more enthusiastic about learning._ \\ \hline Increase students’ fun and enjoyment & 4 & _Fun of learning would increase._ \\ \hline Increase students’ thinking skills & 1 & _Improve students thinking skills._ \\ \hline Increase students’ creativity & 1 & _Promote creativity thinking._ \\ \hline Increase students’ inclusiveness & 3 & _AR can be used to engage different types of learners._ \\ \hline Facilitate students’ presentation of their own ideas & 1 & _This technology is fitting to lifestyle and mentality of new generations/students; inclusivity (in terms of students’ mental and physical capacities)._ \\ \hline Facilitate students’ interaction & 1 & _Can offer learners ways to present their own ideas in previously unavailable ways._ \\ \hline Facilitate students’ interaction & 10 & _You can interact with 3D objects._ \\ \hline Facilitate students’ understanding, exploration and explanation (e.g., complex concepts) & 12 & _This technology is fitting to lifestyle and mentality of new generations/students; inclusivity (in terms of students’ mental and physical capacities)._ \\ \hline Enable students’ experiences previously not possible (e.g., the past, from the future, dangerous experiences, expensive experiences, microcosmos, outer space) & 10 & _It can also allow students to experience things which happened in the past/ might happen in the future/ are too expensive or dangerous to happen in real life._ \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 10: Students’ benefits and opportunities of integrating ARinE. Few participants worried about the immaturity of AR technology and the lack of AR tools, the complexity and difficulty to use AR as well as the security and safety problems with AR. Previous studies confirm the AR cost [14; 24; 26; 40; 41; 42; 43], the lack of AR educational material [21; 40], the AR complexity [5; 7; 11; 24; 26; 35], and the students' difficulty in using AR [11; 24; 51] may prevent the wide adoption of ARinE. In line with previous studies, there are also serious concerns with regard to the security [44; 45] and safety [48]. Moreover, few participants considered that the lack of students' AR awareness and skills prevent the integration of ARinE while AR disables students' imagination and distracts students' attention (Table 13). Previous studies recognized the students' need to be trained on AR [8; 12; 24] as well as the students' attention distraction because AR applications demand too much attention [5; 8; 12; 24]. In addition, some participants recognized as obstacles to the adoption of ARinE the teachers' lack of knowledge and skills regarding ARinE, lack of general digital skills as