esa-sceva/satcom-chunk-collection huggingface dataset:
# Frequency-Bounded Matching Strategy for Wideband LNA Design Utilising a Relaxed SSNM Approach
## 6 Results and Discussion
Reference [10] demonstrates excellent performance, and [11, 18] achieve comparable results. All three LNAs operate for ultra-wideband but rely on extra circuitry. References [21, 30] report a significantly higher noise figure, despite employing only two amplifier stages. Additionally, none of the referenced works provides a systematic methodology for achieving wideband performance. Instead, they depend heavily on additional circuitry or extensive software-based optimisation. In contrast, the proposed approach offers a structured and efficient alternative, achieving competitive performance without the need for extra circuitry.
## 3 Results and Discussion
### Fatty Acid Analysis of Beef Burgers
Significant changes (\(p<0.05\)) were observed in fatty acids normally present in extra-virgin olive oil, such as linoleic acid (C18:2n-6), \(\alpha\)-linolenic acid (C18:3n-3), and eicosapentaenoic acid (C20:5n-3). In addition, significant increases were observed for the n-6 fatty acid content, as well as for n-3 and long-chain n-3 fatty acids (LC n-3). All of these changes were the result of the low PUFA content of beef fat (2.96 g/100 g) [49] being increased when olive oil was added (7-15.5 g/100 g) [50]. The effects of replacing beef fat with vegetable oils on PUFA content have been examined in several studies, including the impact of canola [6], safflower [51], or hemp oil [11]. The ratio of n-6/n-3 PUFA was also affected due to reformulation, with a significant decrease in FRBs in relation to CB. An imbalance in the dietary n-6/n-3 PUFA ratio may result in chronic low-grade inflammatory responses, as well as the development of dyslipidemia or CVD [52]. Beef fat normally presents high values of this ratio (13.45) [8]; therefore, partial substitution with olive oil may be desirable in order to obtain healthier levels in beef hamburgers. In contrast, no appreciable differences were observed in the lipid profile after the incorporation of artichoke. The reason for this is the low fat content of the added extracts (Table 2) in comparison with beef burgers.
## 4 Problem Statement
### Substrate Topology  
The substrate topology is a hierarchical and geo-distributed structure including SARs (Service Access Routers), MDCs (Micro Data Centers), and CDCs (remote Cloud Data Centers).  
A four-tuple \((P,R,G,E^{5})\) is used to represent the substrate topology, where \(P\) is the set of SARs, \(R\) is the set of MDCs, \(G\) is the set of CDCs, and \(E^{5}\) indicates the set of substrate links.  
A node in the substrate network is represented by \(n_{\
u}^{S}\), and the pair \((n_{\
u}^{S},n_{\
u}^{S})\) represents the substrate link between the nodes \(n_{u}^{S}\) and \(n_{\
u}^{S}\). The propagation delay of the link between the nodes is called \(d_{n_{u}^{S},n_{\
u}^{S}}\), and the link capacity is represented by \(C_{link}^{(n_{\
u}^{S},n_{\
u}^{S})}\).  
In terms of CPU and memory, the computing resources of a substrate node are denoted by \(C_{CPU}^{n_{u}^{S}}\) and \(C_{mem}^{n_{u}^{S}}\), respectively.
# A 245 GHz Real-Time Wideband Wireless Communication Link with 30 Gbps Data Rate
## 1 Introduction
Additionally, a low-loss, high-selectivity waveguide bandpass filter (BPF) is developed for the THz front-end to eliminate spurious interferences and reduce the background noise power level, and therefore the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the receiver is optimized.
# Experimental Study and Parameter Optimization of a Magnetic Coupled Piezoelectric Energy Harvester
## 4 Results and Discussion
### Comparison with Previous Works  
The performance of the magnetic coupled piezoelectric harvester is compared with some reported literatures. The comparison is carried out in several aspects such as size, frequency, excitation, voltage, power and density, which have been summarized in Table 4. The sizes are approximated based on the description in the text. Reference [11] has a lowest voltage since it is based on the electromagnetic method. Reference [15] gets the least amount of energy because of its very small size. It has been observed that the power densities are between 15-55 \(\upmu\)W/cm\({}^{3}\). The structure described in this paper achieves the highest energy density with a higher acceleration than references [11; 22; 23]. Compared with other literatures, it can be shown that the magnetic coupled structure has high energy harvesting density potential. At the same time, due to its ease of design and processing, the harvester has a good application prospect.
## 3 Hypotheses and Model Development
### Cost Savings  
Cost savings refer to the decreased capital investment needed in an institution for IT service leased resources and hardware solutions [136]. The storage and delivery services provided by CC have significantly reduced the cost [137], which has made it a valuable solution in the current financial crisis to maintain the quality of services by the institutions [138]. Cloud computing technology is based on Internet technologies and cost-effectiveness as key distinguishing characteristics of CC [139] which can influence its adoption. Researchers found that perceived higher cost saving led to higher intention to adopt an innovation [140; 141]. Based on the literature, it is postulated that:  
**Hypothesis 4 (H4).**_Cost saving positively influences CC adoption in HEIs._
## 4 Conclusions  
The dataset obtained in this study demonstrated that chrysin-loaded microemulsions (CS-ME) were actually developed and that the formulation was able to incorporate the poorly water-soluble flavonoid into the oil droplets, forming a stable oil-in-water-type microemulsion. Moreover, the release studies suggested zero-order kinetics. These features highlight the potential of this novel system mainly as a microcarrier for the prolonged and controlled delivery of hydrophobic drugs. Furthermore, CS-ME was shown to improve the antihyperalgesic and anti-inflammatory activities of chrysin, which appeared to be mediated, at least in part, by inhibition of TNF-\(\alpha\) expression and upregulation of IL-10. These findings suggest the therapeutic potential of chrysin against inflammatory pain, however, further studies are needed regarding its effect and analgesic application. CS-ME appears to be a promising microscale carrier to treat painful inflammatory conditions, among the advantages of which may be non-invasiveness, absence of pain, ease of application due to  
Figure 4: Effects of chrysin (CS), chrysin-loaded microemulsion (CS-ME) (25 mg/kg), and blank-ME on the expression of inflammatory cytokines, TNF-\(\alpha\) (A) and IL-10 (B). Results are expressed as means \(\pm\) standard error of the mean (n = 8): **\(p<0.01\) vs. the sham group; ***\(p<0.001\) vs. the sham group; #\(p<0.05\) vs. the control group; #\(p<0.01\) vs. the control group; \"\(\alpha\)\" \(p<0.05\) vs. blank-ME (one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s test).  
oral administration, controlled drug release, and increased adherence from the patient to the treatment.  
Conceptualization, I.M.d.M.R. and A.A.N.d.L.; Methodology, I.M.d.M.R., G.S.B., E.A.O., M.F., A.d.O.W.N., A.C., F.R.S.P. and L.H.; Validation, J.d.S.S.Q., F.R.S.P., L.H., L.J.Q.-J. and B.P.G.d.L.D.; Formal analysis, A.d.O.W.N., J.d.S.S.Q., F.R.S.P., L.H., A.C. and L.J.Q.-J.; Investigation, I.M.d.M.R., A.d.O.W.N. and L.J.Q.-J.; Resources, A.A.N.d.L.; Data curation, I.M.d.M.R. and J.d.S.S.Q.; Writing--original draft preparation, I.M.d.M.R., G.S.B. and V.d.S.O.; Writing--review and editing, V.d.S.O., A.C. and A.A.N.d.L.; Supervision, A.A.N.d.L.; Project administration, A.A.N.d.L.; Funding acquisition, A.A.N.d.L. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.  
This research was funded in part by the Coordenacao de Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal de Nivel Superior-Brasil (CAPES)-Finance Code 001.  
The study was conducted according to the guidelines of the Declaration of Helsinki and approved by the Animal Care and Use Committee at the Federal University of Sergipe (UFS) (protocol CEPA/UFS # 69/16).  
Not applicable.  
The data presented in this study are available on request from the corresponding author. The data are not publicly available due to privacy.  
The authors would like to acknowledge the financial support from CAPES, CNPq, and FAPITEC/SE.  
The authors declare no conflict of interest.
# Local Community Detection Based on Small Cliques
## 3 Local Community Detection Algorithms Based on Small Cliques  
When the GCE or LFM algorithm starts, the community consists only of a single node. Regardless which neighbor is added first, the internal density of the resulting community of two nodes is the same. Therefore regardless of the exactly used measure, the neighbor of the lowest degree will be preferred. If the two nodes do not have a common neighbor, again the neighbor of the lowest degree is chosen. This means that at the beginning of the expansion phase, nodes of low degree are preferred regardless if they actually belong to the community of the seed node. Therefore, it is possible that the community grows into a community where the seed node is not strongly embedded in. Experiments (which are reported at the end of Section 4.3) show that this is actually a problem.  
A possibility to avoid such problems is to consider not only the density of the community but also its internal structure and the structure of its neighborhood. Not all edges are equally embedded in their neighborhood, some of them have more common neighbors than others. The common neighbors of the two nodes of an edge thereby form a triangle, i.e., a clique of size 3. The local tightness expansion algorithm (LTE) [15] exploits this using an edge similarity score based on triangles. This score is used both for the decision which node to add next and for the quality of the community. LocalT [19] uses a quality measure for the community expansion process that is directly based on the number of triangles in and outside of the community.  
A different approach is to start directly with the maximum clique in the subgraph induced by the neighbors as proposed in [9]. This also avoids the first error-prone steps. Our own approach, Triangle Based Community Expansion (TCE) is similar to LTE, we also use an edge score based on triangles. However, for the quality function of the community we use conductance. In the following, we present all four approaches.
# A Pedestrian Detection Network Based on an Attention Mechanism and Pose Information
## 4 Experiments
### Parameter analysis  
We studied the detection results using a series of different weight parameters. Evaluation experiments were conducted on the CityPersons dataset [12], and the results are  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{l c c c c} \hline \hline
**Method** & **Reasonable** & **Bare** & **Partial** & **Heavy** \\ \hline YOLOv2 [19] & 23.36 & 14.23 & 22.65 & 52.50 \\ SSD [22] & 22.54 & 16.91 & 21.95 & 50.66 \\ DSSD [57] & 19.70 & 15.75 & 18.90 & 51.88 \\ TLL [13] & 15.50 & 10.00 & 17.20 & 53.60 \\ Faster R-CNN [10] & 15.40 & 9.30 & 18.90 & 55.00 \\ RepLoss [41] & 13.20 & 7.60 & 16.80 & 56.90 \\ OR-CNN [40] & 12.80 & 6.70 & 15.30 & 55.70 \\ ALFNet [29] & 12.00 & 8.40 & 11.40 & 51.90 \\ CSP [30] & 11.00 & 7.30 & 10.40 & 49.30 \\ NOH-NMS [58] & 10.80 & 6.60 & 11.20 & 53.00 \\ Beta R-CNN [59] & 10.60 & 6.40 & 10.30 & 47.10 \\ Ours (PEAN) & 10.11 & 6.56 & 9.23 & 45.40 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}
Table 6: Comparison of miss rates between proposed and existing methods on CityPersons dataset for different occlusion levels.  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{l c c c c} \hline \hline
**Model** & **Proposals** & **TP** & **FP** & **AP** \\ \hline ALFNet & 17,401 & 2943 & 14,458 & 0.17 \\ ALFNet + visual & 7377 & 2587 & 4790 & 0.35 \\ ALFNet + visual + pose & 7208 & 2642 & 4566 & 0.37 \\ ALFNet + visual + pose + attention & 6502 & 2637 & 3865 & 0.41 \\ \hline FCOS(ResNet50) & 23,029 & 5309 & 17,720 & 0.23 \\ FCOS(ResNet50) + visual & 18,013 & 5292 & 12,721 & 0.29 \\ FCOS(ResNet50) + visual + pose & 13,396 & 5011 & 8185 & 0.37 \\ FCOS(ResNet50) + visual + pose & 8677 & 4783 & 3894 & 0.55 \\ + attention & & & & \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}
Table 4: The number of proposals on CityPersons dataset.  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{l c} \hline \hline
**Method** & **MR\({}^{-2}\)(\%)** \\ \hline MS-CNN [28] & **8.08** \\ RPN + BF [11] & 7.28 \\ F-DNN [55] & 6.89 \\ SDS-RCNN [56] & 6.44 \\ ALFNet [29] & 6.10 \\ RepLoss [41] & 5.00 \\ CSP [30] & 4.59 \\ AR-Ped [54] & 4.36 \\ Ours (PEAN) & 4.13 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}
Table 5: Comparison of miss rates of proposed and existing methods on Caltech dataset.  
shown in Table 7. Table 7 shows that excessively large weight parameters \(\alpha\) and \(\beta\) led to a worse detection performance, because using a single network (region proposal network or pedestrian recognition network) alone was insufficient for generating reliable prediction results. The best detection performance was achieved when \(\alpha\) = 0.8 and \(\beta\) = 0.2.
# Reliable Visual Exploration System with Fault Tolerance Structure
## 6 Experiments
### Evaluation of Termination Condition  
With the active controller and VLM, the termination condition is verified by the performance of re-localization based on the built map. An exploration process is performed for environment modeling, and a set of images in the same environment captured with variant poses are collected for re-localization evaluation. These two processes are run in order.  
During re-localization, all the vertexes that have been optimized are set to be static. In addition, no tracking edge is established here, since we try to solve a \"kidnapping\" localization problem, whose observation is an independent image instead of an image sequence. An evaluation metric is recorded: tracking percentage. We count the number of localized frames \(n_{l}\) whose localization RMSE is less than 0.5, and calculate the ratio of \(n_{l}\) and number of the considered frame \(n_{c}\). We believe that, if the exploration becomes more complete, more frames in different perspectives can be localized.  
The experiment is designed to evaluate the completeness evaluation. Two series of experiments are set-up, and the tracking percentages with/without completeness evaluation are recorded to evaluate the impact of our proposed method. In addition, a series \(T_{density}\) are given and the exploration duration for meeting the termination condition is recorded, while the mapping without completeness evaluation is terminated according to that recorded duration. The result is shown in Figure 15: the blue curve represents the result of exploration terminated by completeness evaluation; and the red curve represents the result terminated by the recorded time duration. The advance of exploration with completeness evaluation is indicated by a higher tracking percentage.  
Figure 14: Curve of localization error of submap-based back-end, which shows the ability of fault recovery after tracking is lost and verifies the ability of fault recovery by maintaining tracking. The deep blue curve is the error, the light blue curve is the response of tracking failure and the red curve is the response of loop-closure detection.  
Figure 15: Localization performance with/without completeness evaluation.  
To verify the convergence of density-based evaluation, \(S_{nv}\) is also provided, since the judgement of density-based evaluation is decided by it. The experimental result of \(S_{nv}\) in density-based evaluation is shown in Figure 16.  
To analyze the details of distribution-based evaluation, \(n^{grid}\) is recorded to analyze the exploration score during exploration. The result is shown in Figure 17, which is the data from the same experiment of Figure 16. To show the trend of completeness evaluation, the data both before and after satisfying coarse evaluation is recorded, where the red dotted line is the moment that coarse evaluation is satisfied (the last time stamp in Figure 16).
# Analysis of Shield Tunnels Undercrossing an Existing Building and Tunnel Reinforcement Measures
## 2 Engineering Background  
Double shield tunnels in a section of Changsha Metro Line 6 passed through an existing building, and the outside diameter of the tunnel was 6.2 m, the distance between the centers of the two lines was 12 m, the average thickness of the soil layer above the tunnel was 21.22 m, and the thickness and the width of the shield section were 0.35 m and 1.5 m, respectively. The excavation scheme was firstly the left line tunnel and then the right line tunnel after the grouting body of the left line tunnel was hardened. The section of double shield tunnels was under the existing building. The building was an eight-story concrete structure with two basement floors buried in the soil, each of which was a height of 6 m. The dimensions of the rectangular column were 0.6 m \(\times\) 0.6 m. The diameters of the bearing and retaining piles of the building were 0.9 m and 1.2 m, respectively. The soil layers from top to bottom were the plain filled soil with a thickness of 0.5 m, the silty clay with a thickness of 3 m, the fully weathered slate with a thickness of 6.5 m, and the strongly weathered slate with a thickness of 40 m. The cross-sections of bearing and retaining piles, double tunnels, and strata are shown in Figure 2. From the field geotechnical tests, Table 1 shows the calculated parameters of soil (rock) layers and materials.  
Figure 1: Reality view of double shield tunnels undercrossing an existing building.  
Figure 2: The cross-section of bearing and retaining piles, double tunnels, and stratum.
## 2 Materials and Methods  
### SiC Sensors: Tecnology Features  
Silicon carbide (SiC) is a wide bandgap semiconductor with many excellent properties that make it one of the most promising and well-studied materials for radiation particle detection in many applications [19]. Thanks to the large energy gap, SiC sensors are characterized by low leakage currents, even at high reverse bias, and, therefore, very low noise, even at high operating temperatures [20]. The main parameters of SiC along with the other semiconductor materials used for radiation detection, specifically Silicon and diamond, are reported in Table 1 for comparison.  
Finally, the wider bandgap also influences the spectral response, making Silicon Carbide non-sensitive to visible light (to photon wavelengths below 380 nm), useful for applications such as UV sensors. Finally, the strong carbon-to-silicon bonds result in a high binding energy of the two elements (\(\approx\times\)2 as compared to Silicon), thus increasing the radiation resistance of the sensors.  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c} \hline  & **Si** & **4H-SiC** & **Diamond** \\ \hline Atomic number [\(Z\)] & 14 & 14/6 & 6 \\ Density [g/cm\({}^{3}\)] & 2.33 & 3.22 & 3.51 \\ Relative permittivity & 11.9 & 9.7 & 5.7 \\ Energy gap [eV] & 1.12 & 3.23 & 5.5 \\ e-h pair creation energy [eV] & 3.6 & 7.6–8.4 & 13 \\ Displacement Energy [eV] & 13–15 & 30–40 & 43 \\ Electron mobility [cm\({}^{2}\)/Vs] & 1450 & 800 & 1800 \\ \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}
Table 1: 4H-SiC characteristics compared to Si and diamond. The table has been adapted from [19].
## 5 Discussion on the Thickness of Impermeable Coating  
Although a thicker layer of the modified polydimethylsiloxane is required to improve its crack resistance, it would also increase the cost. To reduce the cost on the basis of ensuring the engineering safety, it is necessary to solve the critical thickness-to-width ratio under different internal water pressure and coating thickness conditions. Therefore, 156 sets of numerical simulations were carried out to analyze the maximum true principal strain of the modified polydimethylsiloxane impermeable coating under different conditions. The analysis results are shown in Figure 19.  
The critical coating thickness-to-width ratios that control the maximum true principal strain of the coating within 118.98% are listed in Table 7. If the designed water pressure of a diversion tunnel is known, the corresponding critical coating thickness-to-width ratio can be obtained according to the table. Further analysis of the maximum cracking width of the tunnel lining structure under the designed internal water pressure can be substituted to obtain the critical coating thickness, which can be used as the recommended thickness of the modified polydimethylsiloxane coating. At the same time, the determination of the coating's thickness according to different internal water pressure conditions is conducive to  
Figure 18: The effect of thickness-to-width ratio on the maximum true principal strain of impermeable coating.  
cost savings. For example, the cost of film thickness with internal water pressure of 3 MPa is about 1.5 times that of film thickness with internal water pressure of 2 MPa.  
The proposed modified polydimethylsiloxane coating demonstrates significant engineering applicability for high-pressure water conveyance tunnels, particularly in pumped storage power stations. With a true fracture elongation of 118.98%, the modified polydimethylsiloxane coating effectively accommodates concrete lining deformations while maintaining impermeability. The critical thickness-to-width ratios provided in Table 7 enable engineers to optimize the coating's thickness based on site-specific crack widths (e.g., 0.731 mm/mm for 5 MPa internal pressure). In contrast to rigid epoxy coatings prone to interfacial debonding, the hyperelastic polydimethylsiloxane minimizes the stress concentration at crack tips. However, field applications, such as the preliminary implementation in Sichuan pumped storage projects, should be carried out to validate its adhesion stability under cyclic hydraulic loading. In addition, long-term durability under coupled thermo-hydro-mechanical conditions remains to be field-verified, necessitating embedded strain sensors for operational health monitoring.