## 1 Introduction  
Natural products (NPs) derived from microbes generally possess diverse ecological and environmental impacts such as altering phenotypes, fitness, and community composition of microbes in the context of the environmental factors or ecological settings [1]. Nevertheless, in the context of human welfare, these NPs have been proven to be wonder molecules with diverse biological activities, such as antibacterial, anticancer agents, antihelmiths, antidiabetics, anticholesterols, immunosuppressants, etc. Thus, they are important lead targets in the field of drug discovery and development [2, 3]. Approximately 80% of anticancer agents and roughly 50% of all Food and Drug Administration-approved drugs are derived from such NPs [4]. Among all microorganisms, the actinomycetes are a prolific source of such valuable compounds that are of great interest to medicine, agriculture, and industry [5, 6]. Approximately two-thirds of all known antibiotics are able to be produced by actinomycetes, most predominantly by _Streptomyces_[7]. Similarly, various species of _Streptomyces_, have been characterized as major producers of anticancer drugs [8]. In addition,_Streptomyces_ are capable of producing effective compounds with diverse bioactivities as antihelmths, anti-oxidants, immunosuppressive, herbicides, and insecticides [9; 10]. _Streptomyces_ is a genus of Gram-positive and aerobic bacteria with high G+C content. Their taxonomic classification categorizes them within phylum: _Actinobacteria_, class: _Actinomycetes_, order: _Actinomycetes_ and family: _Actinomycetaceae_. The genus _Streptomyces_ was proposed by [PERSON] and [PERSON] [11]. [PERSON] and colleagues were pioneers for isolating bioactive compounds from various _Streptomyces_, such as actinomycin from a culture of _Streptomyces antibioticus_[12], streptothricin from _Streptomyces__lavendulae_[13], and streptomycin from _Streptomyces__griseus_[14]. These innovations led to the discovery, isolation, and evaluation of the bioactivity of diverse molecules from various _Streptomyces_. Recent research indicated that the rate of new NP discovery has been maintained despite a drop in the number of compounds making it through regulatory approval pipelines [15]. However, the emergence of antibiotic-resistant pathogens or drug-resistant disease conditions and most of the NPs are not produced in significant titers or the biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs) are cryptic, or the producer strains are not genetically tractable, which pose the greatest challenge for NPs based drug discovery [16; 17; 18]. In such cases production can be achieved in other production platforms as genetically tractable alternative hosts or suitable heterologous hosts [17; 18; 19]. The rapid development of genome sequencing technology has provided access to enormous numbers of BGCs in the microbial genomes. In addition, the advances in the studies of metabolism and metabolite profiling can also illustrate the entire network of metabolism and regulatory system contributing to biogenesis of the particular metabolite [19]. Thus, these multi-omics techniques have established a proper connection between genomic information, gene expression levels, and metabolism [20]. Thus, this knowledge provides new opportunities for discovering a larger diversity than those isolated to date [20; 21]. All this progress has resulted in the development of a powerful method for NPs discovery termed \"genome mining\". Unlike the traditional bioactivity directed way of isolating NPs, in genome mining, bioinformatics analysis of the sequenced microbial genomes can predict the BGC for NPs, which may be usually silent in the ordinary culture conditions, and are prospective targets to be activated [22; 23]. Such genome mining approaches have been successfully utilized for obtaining isolatable quantities of compounds usually produced in low titers. Fundamentally, the genome mining-based NP characterization is mediated by two major strategies.