# Detonability of Ammonium Nitrate Mixtures with the Addition of Organic Materials
## 3 Results and Discussion
### Concentration of Detonation Products  
To understand the variation in the detonation properties of the studied AN-based mixtures with the amount of organic material, we analysed how the amount of organic material affects the composition and concentration of the detonation products. The concentration was calculated using the EXPLO5 code, and the results of the calculation are shown graphically in Figure 10.  
The main detonation products of the studied mixtures are H\({}_{2}\)O, N\({}_{2}\), and CO\({}_{2}\), while CO, CH\({}_{4}\), NH\({}_{3}\), H\({}_{2}\), NO, etc., are present in smaller quantities. Since H\({}_{2}\)O and CO\({}_{2}\) have the most negative values of the enthalpy of formation (\(-241.81\) kJ/mol and \(-393.52\) kJ/mol, respectively), these two detonation products contribute the most to the increase in \(Q\). It can be also seen from Figure 10 that for both mixtures, the maximum detonation heat coincides with the maximum concentration of H\({}_{2}\)O and CO\({}_{2}\). As shown in Figure 9, the maximum detonation heat was obtained for the AN/organic material ratio, corresponding to the zero oxygen balance.  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{l c c c c c} \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**Composition**} & **Volume** & **Mass** & \(\rho_{0}\) & **Q** & **D** \\  & **Ratio** & **Ratio** & **(g/cm\({}^{3}\))** & **(kJ/kg)** & **(m/s)** \\ \hline AN/Rubber & 89.2/10.8 & 94.35/5.65 & 0.84 & 3867 & 5002 \\ AN/Hay & 72.85/27.15 & 86.6/13.4 & 0.48 & 3560 & 3363 \\ AN/Fuel oil (ANFO) & 93.5/6.5 & 94.3/5.7 & 0.94 & 3903 & 5252 \\ \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}
Table 3: Values of volume and mass ratios at which OB = 0% and calculated corresponding values of detonation heat and velocity.  
Figure 9: Variation in detonation parameters with oxygen balance with amounts of rubber (**a**) and hay (**b**).  
Generally, by adding organic material, the concentrations of H\({}_{2}\)O and CO\({}_{2}\) increase, while the concentration of O\({}_{2}\) decreases up to the point corresponding to the zero oxygen balance. With the further addition of organic material, the concentrations of H\({}_{2}\)O and CO\({}_{2}\) decrease, while the concentrations of CO, H\({}_{2}\), and CH\({}_{4}\) increase because the available oxygen is not sufficient for the complete oxidation of carbon and hydrogen. It should be noted that in the case of the AN/Rubber mixture, the concentration of CH\({}_{4}\) increases significantly for volume fractions of rubber above 20%. A comparison of the concentrations of detonation products at the zero oxygen balance is shown in Figure 11. The concentration of the detonation products of ANFO (AN/Fuel oil) is also given for comparison.  
As can be seen from Figure 11, the product concentrations for both the studied mixture and for ANFO are quite similar. This particularly applies to the AN/Rubber mixture and ANFO, where there is a small difference in concentration. The AN/Hay mixture produces somewhat less H\({}_{2}\)O (5%) and N\({}_{2}\) (8%), but more CO\({}_{2}\) (30%) than AN/Rubber. This explains why the calculated heats of detonation for these three mixtures (Table 3) do not differ significantly.