## 4 Results
### Human Attention Maps
#### 4.3.3. Size of Attended Areas  
Did different tasks lead participants to select smaller or larger image areas and how strongly did this vary between image types and individual images? We compared thetotal attended areas on each image, summed over all participants (i.e., all areas that were ever selected by any participant). Examples of the smallest and largest attention maps are presented in Figure 6 and an overview of the respective means, standard deviations, minima and maxima is provided in Table 2.  
The 3 (task: spontaneous gaze, gaze-pointing, drawing) \(\times\) 3 (image type: objects, indoor scenes, landscapes) revealed a main effect of task, \(F\)(1.1,6.2,8) = 272.536, \(p\) < 0.001, \(\eta\)p\({}^{2}\) = 0.827, a main effect of image type, \(F\)(2,57) = 127.075, \(p\) < 0.001, \(\eta\)p\({}^{2}\) = 0.817 and an interaction, \(F\)(4,114) = 58.741, \(p\) < 0.001, \(\eta\)p\({}^{2}\) = 0.673 (see Table 2). The main effect of task indicated that, in total, larger areas were selected via drawing (49.5%) than either spontaneous gaze or gaze-pointing (17.4 and 18.7%, respectively), both \(p\)s < 0.001, while the two eye movement tasks did not differ significantly, \(p\) = 0.066. The main effect of image type indicated that the areas for objects (11.5%) were smaller than for indoor scenes and landscapes (37.7 and 36.4%), both \(p\)s < 0.001, while the two scene-centric image types did not differ, \(p\) > 0.9. Finally, the interaction indicated that the task-dependence of area sizes strongly varied with image type. For objects, spontaneous gaze, gaze-pointing and drawing did not differ (11.0, 9.1 and 14.3%, respectively), all \(p\)s > 0.190. For indoor scenes, much larger areas were selected via drawing (73.7%) than either via spontaneous gaze or gaze-pointing (18.5 and 20.9%, respectively), both \(p\)s < 0.001, while the two eye movement tasks did not differ significantly, \(p\) = 0.069. For landscapes, the areas again were much larger for drawing (60.5%) than the two eye movement tasks, \(p\) < 0.001, but this time also larger for gaze-pointing (26.2%) than spontaneous gaze (22.6%), \(p\) = 0.002.  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{l c c c c c c c c c c c} \hline \hline \multicolumn{1}{c}{} & \multicolumn{3}{c}{**Objects**} & \multicolumn{3}{c}{**Indoor Scenes**} & \multicolumn{3}{c}{**Landscapes**} \\ \hline  & **M** & **SD** & **Min** & **Max** & **M** & **SD** & **Min** & **Max** & **M** & **SD** & **Min** & **Max** \\ \hline SponG & 11.0 & 3.0 & 6.3 & 17.6 & 18.5 & 3.5 & 12.2 & 24.3 & 22.6 & 6.8 & 13.1 & 35.2 \\ GPoint & 9.1 & 2.7 & 5.3 & 17.6 & 20.9 & 5.0 & 13.3 & 29.8 & 26.2 & 4.8 & 18.7 & 36.1 \\ Draw & 14.3 & 7.2 & 4.9 & 29.5 & 73.7 & 15.8 & 46.9 & 96.8 & 60.5 & 17.9 & 30.9 & 93.6 \\ \hline SponG & 11.0 & 3.0 & 6.3 & 17.6 & 18.5 & 3.5 & 12.2 & 24.3 & 22.6 & 6.8 & 13.1 & 35.2 \\ GPoint & 9.1 & 2.7 & 5.3 & 17.6 & 20.9 & 5.0 & 13.3 & 29.8 & 26.2 & 4.8 & 18.7 & 36.1 \\ Draw & 14.3 & 7.2 & 4.9 & 29.5 & 73.7 & 15.8 & 46.9 & 96.8 & 60.5 & 17.9 & 30.9 & 93.6 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}
Table 2: Area sizes as percentage of the total image area, depending on task and image type.  
Figure 6: Area sizes and their variability. The rows represent the smallest (first row) and largest (third row) area for each combination of task and image type, a typical area (second row) represents the area size closest to the mean of the respective combination.