## 3 Results and Discussion
### In Silico Analysis of Physicochemical Properties, Pharmacokinetics, and Drug-likeness  
To gain further insight into the potential of newly synthesized benzimidazole derivatives as candidates for the treatment of trichinosis infection, we analyzed these compounds using the web bioinformatics tool SwissADME [24]. The parameters describing the physicochemical, pharmacokinetic, and medicinal chemical properties of the compounds and of albendazole are presented in Tables 3 and 4. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Compound 1** & **Half-Time of Aggregation x0, min** & \
\begin{tabular}{c} **Slope Factor of the Boltzmann Fit dx,** \\ **min** \\ \end{tabular} &
\begin{tabular}{c} **Lag Time 2**, \\ **min** \\ \end{tabular} & **Curve/Equation** \\ \hline tubulin (spontaneous polymerization) & 17.6 & 11.6 & No lag time & Sigmoidal/Boltzmann \\ albendazole & 32.4 & 17.6 & No lag time & Sigmoidal/Boltzmann \\ nocodazole & 24.1 & 15.9 & No lag time & Sigmoidal/Boltzmann \\ paclitaxel & 7.4 & 3.9 & No lag time & Sigmoidal/Boltzmann \\
**4a** & 12.9 & 7.1 & No lag time & Sigmoidal/Boltzmann \\
**4b** & 15.9 & 9.96 & No lag time & Sigmoidal/Boltzmann \\
**6a** & 14.8 & 9.8 & No lag time & Sigmoidal/Bolzman \\
**6b** & 15.9 & 10.4 & No lag time & Sigmoidal/Boltzmann \\
**6c** & 20 (1 st) & \
\begin{tabular}{c} Between 0–10 min \\ and 45–55 min \\ \end{tabular} &
\begin{tabular}{c} Bi- \\ Sigmoidal/Boltzmann- \\ dual curve \\ \end{tabular} \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}  
\end{table} 
Table 2: In vitro effect on tubulin polymerization of compounds **4a–b** and **6a–c** compared with reference drugs paclitaxel, nocodazole and albendazole. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Compound** & **MW a** & **TPSA b** & **Natoms c** & **HBA d** & **HBD e** & **N\({}_{\text{v}\text{i}\text{o}}\)f** & **N\({}_{\text{R}\text{o}\text{B}}\)g** & **logP h** \\ \hline
**4a** & 227.28 & 69.28 & 16 & 2 & 1 & 0 & 2 & 3.01 \\
**4b** & 241.31 & 58.42 & 17 & 2 & 0 & 0 & 2 & 3.19 \\
**4c** & 255.34 & 58.42 & 18 & 2 & 0 & 0 & 3 & 3.43 \\
**6a** & 242.30 & 81.31 & 17 & 2 & 2 & 0 & 3 & 2.58 \\
**6b** & 226.23 & 66.21 & 17 & 3 & 2 & 0 & 3 & 1.90 \\
**6c** & 237.26 & 65.96 & 18 & 3 & 2 & 0 & 3 & 1.80 \\
**Albendazole** & 265.33 & 92.31 & 18 & 3 & 2 & 0 & 6 & 1.62 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}  
* Molecular weight; b Topological polar surface area; c Number of nonhydrogen atoms; d Number of hydrogen-bond acceptors (O and N atoms); e Number of hydrogen-bond donors (OH and NH groups); f Number of ‘Rule of five’ violations; g Number of rotatable bonds; h Consensus Log Po/w, calculated as an average of the five available methods for logP prediction.  
\end{table} 
Table 3: Calculated molecular properties of compounds **4a–c** and **6a–c** for assessment of the drug-likeness. The data from the evaluation of drug-likeness (Table 3) indicate that all synthesized compounds comply with Lipinski's Rule [28]. Their physicochemical properties--in particular, fewer than five hydrogen bond donors, fewer than 10 acceptors, molecular weight below 500, and logP below 5--suggest a potential for high bioavailability, similar to those observed for albendazole. Based on average logP values below 4 (Table 3), calculated using five different predictive methods [29], all benzimidazoles demonstrate potential for good absorption and bioavailability. Methanimines **4a-c** and hydrazone **6a**, containing a thiophene moiety, showed higher logP values. The topological polar surface area (TPSA) is below 140 A 2 for all benzimidazole derivatives, so they are expected to exhibit good intestinal absorption. To predict the oral bioavailability of thr compounds under study, we estimated their percentage absorption (%ABS), which depends on the TPSA that is used to calculate % ABS [25]. All compounds have %ABS > 60% (Table 4) indicating that they are expected to be orally bioavailable.