## 5 Step-Wise Integration of an IoT-Based Composing Set-Up to a Modern City and Its Ecosystem
### Deployment, Monitoring, and Maintenance of the Composting System  
During the composting facility's deployment, the components' strategic installation should be done considering the waste generation patterns and the city's population density. During the deployment, a thorough calibration of the sensors measuring composting \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c} \hline \hline
**Selection and Installation Step** & **Desirable Features/Objectives** & **References** \\ \hline Selection of other composting system components (e.g., Composing bins, compostable waste collection bins, networking cables, data storage devices, etc.) & \begin{tabular}{c} \\ \end{tabular} & \begin{tabular}{c} \\ \end{tabular} & [82; 89; 90] \\ \hline Choosing communication protocols & \begin{tabular}{c} Verify interoperability with the \\ communication infrastructure already in \\ place in intelligent cities. \\ \end{tabular} & [16; 84] \\ \hline Implementation of sensor integration & \begin{tabular}{c} Development of software libraries or drivers \\ or ease of use with pre-existing ones. \\ \end{tabular} & [84; 90; 91; 92] \\ \hline Community engagement & \begin{tabular}{c} Increasing the awareness and active \\ engagement of the general public in the \\ process of composting and its benefits on \\ society and the environment \\ \end{tabular} & [87] \\ \hline Implementation of sensor integration & \begin{tabular}{c} Development of software libraries or drivers \\ or ease of use with pre-existing ones. \\ \end{tabular} & [83; 89; 90] \\ \hline Connectivity and networking establishment & \begin{tabular}{c} Secure connectivity to avoid unwanted \\ access, ability to utilize minimal power, and \\ longer reach. \\ \end{tabular} & [89] \\ \hline Data processing and storage & \begin{tabular}{c} Ability to extrapolate data and give real-time \\ analytics, faster processing, adequate storage, \\ \end{tabular} & [93; 94] \\ \hline Implement IoT security measures. & \begin{tabular}{c} Compatibility with the latest cyber security \\ features, accountability, and transparency of \\ all the transactions, including monetization \\ of compost products. \\ \end{tabular} & [90; 93] \\ \hline Cloud integration & \
\begin{tabular}{c} Fast data retrievability, adequate storage \\ ability, and seamless integration with data \\ analysis platforms. \\ \end{tabular} & [90; 95] \\ \hline User interface and visualization &
\begin{tabular}{c} Ease of use, inter-device accessibility, and \\ user-friendliness. \\ \end{tabular} & [47; 90] \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 6: Sub-steps of the component selection process for the IoT-based composting set-up. parameters and other devices should be done to adapt to diverse environmental conditions. A robust connectivity protocol should be used to facilitate the real-time monitoring of the decomposition while adhering to stringent security measures to protect against cyber threats. A comprehensive testing and validation scheme should safeguard the composting process's reliability [82]. Continuous monitoring and proactive maintenance of the composting sensors and other components of the composting facility are vital for real-time data analytics of the decomposition of compostable waste. It is vital to have an alert system to identify and notify the relevant parties of critical deviations and facilitate swift responses to potential issues. For example, a malfunction of the sensor readings, etc. The plan for monitoring and maintenance should encompass routine checks, inspections, and predictive strategies [82; 97]. In order to reduce the environmental impact, ensure the long-term viability during installation and integration of the IoT-based composting facility, and adhere to sustainability standards. The following chapter discusses sustainability standards when installing and integrating the IoT-based composting system in a modern urban city. Figure 6 gives an overview of the strategic flow path step-by-step installation of an IoT-based composting facility in a modern city ecosystem.