## 2 Numerical Calculation Method for Telecommunication Towers
### Numerical Calculation Method and Boundary Conditions  
The coupling of pressure and velocity in the numerical simulation was addressed using the SIMPLE algorithm, and the control equations were solved using the segregated method. The SST \(k\)-\(\omega\) turbulence model was selected for its wide applicability, high accuracy, and reliability among two-equation models. The convection terms of the control equations employed a second-order upwind scheme. The convergence criteria for the calculations were set with a residual value of \(10^{-6}\), while the overturning force, overturning moment, and the complex flow structures around the telecommunication tower were monitored in real time. These elements collectively served as the standards for determining the convergence of the computations. In this study, these computations were used to solve the incompressible Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes equations and shear-stress transport (SST) \(k\)-\(\omega\) turbulence model to obtain accurate results. The model has been proven to perform well in simulations of the attached flow to the structure [32]. In this study, the SST \(k\)-\(\omega\) turbulence model was used in the wall boundary layer. The SST \(k\)-\(\omega\) model was developed by [PERSON] [33] to blend the robust and accurate formulations of the \(k\)-\(\omega\) model in the near-wall region with the free-stream independence of the \(k\)-\(\varepsilon\) model in the far field. To avoid the free-stream sensitivity of the standard \(k\)-\(\omega\) model, elements of the \(\omega\)-equation and the \(\varepsilon\)-equation were combined. For an unsteady state, in-viscous, incompressible three-dimensional turbulent flow, the equations of mass and momentum are written below [34]. Mass equation:  
\[\frac{\partial\rho}{\partial t}+\
abla\cdot(\rho\overset{\rightarrow}{V})=0 \tag{7}\]  
Momentum equation:  
\[\frac{\partial(\rho\overset{\rightarrow}{V})}{\partial t}+\
abla\cdot(\rho \overset{\rightarrow}{VV})=-\
abla p+\
abla\cdot(\overline{\overline{ \tau}}) \tag{8}\] \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Mesh Scheme** & **Number of Elements (Million)** & **Lateral ForceCoefficient** & **Drag Coefficient** &
\begin{tabular}{c} **Change Rate of Drag** \\ **Coefficient** \\ \end{tabular} \\ \hline
1 & 3.34 & 2.8 \(\times\)\(10^{-2}\) & 0.690 & - \\
2 & 4.34 & 8.0 \(\times\)\(10^{-4}\) & 0.716 & 3.8\% \\
3 & 5.52 & 8.2 \(\times\)\(10^{-5}\) & 0.722 & 0.8\% \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 1: Mesh independence verification data table for the bare tower condition without antennas. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c} \hline \hline
**Mesh Scheme** & **Number of Elements (Million)** & **Lateral ForceCoefficient** & **Drag Coefficient** &
\begin{tabular}{c} **Change Rate of Drag** \\ **Coefficient** \\ \end{tabular} \\ \hline
1 & 4.87 & 1.14 \(\times\)\(10^{-2}\) & 0.795 & - \\
2 & 6.03 & 2.95 \(\times\)\(10^{-3}\) & 0.838 & 5.4\% \\
3 & 7.24 & 1.09 \(\times\)\(10^{-5}\) & 0.847 & 1.1\% \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 2: Mesh independence verification data table for the condition with a single layer of 6 antennas arranged.