# Realistic Simulation of Dissolution Process on Rock Surface
## 1 Introduction  
The dissolution process on a rock surface is a common and complex geological phenomenon in nature [1]. Simulation techniques can visualize the evolution of this process over long time scales and predict future geomorphologic trends. This is of great significance for geological disaster forecasting and land use planning. There is also an urgent need for the continuous development and refinement of simulation technology in fields such as engineering safety assessments, environmental protection, resource management, education, and popularization of science.  
Rock surface dissolution refers to the chemical dissolution and physical erosion of soluble rocks (such as carbonate rocks) under the action of precipitation, resulting in the gradual erosion of the rock surface. Its main causes include the solubility of rock and dissolution ability of water. When falling on the rock surface, the carbon dioxide in water will react with the carbonate or other substances to dissolve the rock, resulting in a dissolution effect. This process has a greater impact on halide, sulfate, and carbonate rocks. The dissolution rate is affected by climate, rock properties, terrain, vegetation cover, and other factors. We simplify real-world dissolution phenomena by allowing users to interactively set different dissolution rates to represent different rock properties and environmental factors.  
Most studies are devoted to simulating the physical movement of hydraulic erosion, such as the erosion and transport of soil substances by water bodies, and the sliding of soil substances. Only few studies involve chemical changes of substances. For rock landforms, their stability and solidity make the physical impact of water not obvious. On the contrary, the carbonate in the rock will react with the carbon dioxide in water and then dissolve in the water. This chemical action often has a significant impact on rocks, forming a special karst landform. In the field of computer graphics, there is still a lack of in-depth research on dissolution. A few researchers have simulated the rust on metal surfaces [2, 3], the corrosive effect of strong acid on materials [4], and the phenomenon of karst caves insiderock bodies [5; 6; 7]. However, the above work does not involve the simulation of rock surface dissolution, and the relevant calculation process does not refer to the theory of geology, which lacks theoretical authenticity.  
Based on the relevant theories of geology and rock geomorphology, we construct a relatively complete framework for dissolution simulation. In this framework, centering on the calculation of water's movement trajectory, we simulated a series of key processes such as splash, dissolution, deposition, and water evaporation, and we achieved a complete simulation of the dissolution process. The calculation has a professional theoretical basis, and the simulation results are realistic. In addition, we also considered the effect of centrifugal force on dissolution, simulating the effect of centrifugal force on the side wall of the curved channel when water flow flows through it. Using the simulation framework proposed in this paper, we can simulate various geomorphic forms under dissolution, including karst pits, karst ditches, and stone forest landscapes (as shown in Figure 1. With our method, users will be able customize relevant parameters in the system, restore specific real landforms, simulate the change of a rock's surface erosion development state in real scenarios, and observe the changes of real rock layers under hydraulic dissolution. This will provide an important reference for geomorphic prediction in geology.