###### Abstract  
The use of Internet of Things (IoT) technology is crucial for improving energy efficiency in smart buildings, which could minimize global energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions. IoT applications use numerous sensors to integrate diverse building systems, facilitating intelligent operations, real-time monitoring, and data-informed decision-making. This critical analysis of the features and adoption frameworks of IoT in smart buildings carefully investigates various applications that enhance energy management, operational efficiency, and occupant comfort. Research indicates that IoT technology may decrease energy consumption by as much as 30% and operating expenses by 20%. This paper provides a comprehensive review of significant obstacles to the use of IoT in smart buildings, including substantial initial expenditures (averaging 15% of project budgets), data security issues, and the complexity of system integration. Recommendations are offered to tackle these difficulties, emphasizing the need for established processes and improved coordination across stakeholders. The insights provided seek to influence future research initiatives and direct the academic community in construction engineering and management about the appropriate use of IoT technology in smart buildings. This study is a significant resource for academics and practitioners aiming to enhance the development and implementation of IoT solutions in the construction sector. 1 2024 14 3446 any time and location, allowing for more efficient control of energy consumption and resource use [5]. Utilizing sensor systems in a Building Management System (BMS) allows for the continuous monitoring of characteristics such as temperature, humidity, lighting, and occupancy, hence allowing maintenance engineers to enhance energy management [6]. The deployment of IoT in smart buildings integrates diverse technologies and enhances quality of life and economic growth in metropolitan areas. IoT technology is a sensor mechanism capable of detecting and recognizing data from the physical environment [7]. The IoT architecture is defined by its functionality and applications across several sectors. The IoT has four fundamental levels, each integral to the system's overall operation [8]. The first layer, referred to as the sensing layer, comprises sensors, actuators, and devices that collect data on physical and environmental parameters [9]. These components facilitate the processing and transmission of data across the network. The second tier, the network tier, includes internet/network gateways and data acquisition systems (DAS) [10]. This layer oversees data collection, conversion, and aggregation, converting analog sensor data into digital representations and linking sensor networks to the internet. It also executes critical functions such as malware protection, filtering, and data management services [11]. The third layer, known as the Data Processing Layer, serves as the processing unit of the IoT system. In intelligent buildings, data is assessed and pre-processed before transmission to the data center. This process is supervised and administered by software programs, often referred to as business applications, which enable effective data storage and administration [12]. Edge analytics is crucial for improving processing efficiency at this level. The fourth layer, referred to as the application layer, functions as the administrative platform for data. This layer employs data centers or cloud services to facilitate end-user applications across several industries, including agriculture, healthcare, aerospace, farming, and military [13]. A major difficulty in IoT technology is guaranteeing the uninterrupted connection of sensors and actuators that interact over the internet, with smart homes exemplifying the amalgamation of technology and services via home networking [14]. Figure 1 represents the layer model of IoT. Various solutions have been used to decrease the power consumption of IoT devices.