## 1 Introduction
[10] studied a solar-driven electricity plant that contained a PTC field, a storage unit based on a phase change material (PCM), a steam Rankine cycle, and an ORC. The system was modeled and optimized in off-design conditions taking into account different isentropic efficiencies of the Rankine cycle screw expander when the pressure ratio was varied. The maximum achieved values of the solar thermal power efficiency were calculated as 13.74-15.45%, with an expander volume ratio that was equal to five. Finally, [PERSON] et al. [11] analyzed a recompression supercritical CO\({}_{2}\) Brayton cycle, that was used to generate power and was powered by a PTC. A molten salt TES unit was also included. The system performance was investigated for different design parameters, as well as weather and irradiation conditions. The cycle energy efficiency could be found greater than 40%, in optimal conditions. However, solar irradiation is not always available and is varied during the day and the year. Production intermittency is the main drawback of solar energy; therefore, it is important to integrate a TES system. This unit can store useful heat during the sunshine, which can be used when solar irradiation is limited or there is no irradiation. The most common and mature technology is sensible TES [12]. Most of the time, solar-based plants include one or more storage tanks, to store heat during the day and release it to continue their operation after sunset; therefore, insulated tanks are capable of short-term TES for a couple of hours [13; 14]. In parallel, several other forms of energy storage have been developed to store surplus electricity during off-peak hours. Because of the further integration of renewable sources in the energy mix, it is essential to use methods for long-term or seasonal storage, such as the technologies of pumped hydro energy storage (PHES), compressed air energy storage (CAES), and thermochemical energy storage [15; 16]. In addition, hydrogen has gained further attention in recent years as a way of seasonal energy storage [17]. Because of the fact that hydrogen is not directly available in nature, it can be produced from fossil fuels via steam methane reforming or renewable energy sources via water electrolysis. The water electrolyzer is fed with excess renewable electricity, to produce green hydrogen without carbon emissions. When it is reacted with oxygen, the only by-product is water; therefore, hydrogen is a sustainable energy carrier that can be used in transportation, power generation, buildings, and industry [18]. Hydrogen can be stored as a compressed gas (compressed hydrogen), as a liquid (liquified hydrogen), as well as in solid or liquid storage materials [19]. Thus, hydrogen energy storage promotes the sustainability and autonomy of the energy systems [20]. Plenty of studies based on solar-fed power plants or multigeneration units have been published by researchers that contain hydrogen as a product. These kinds of systems are more energy-efficient compared to single-production units [21]. At first, [PERSON] et al. [22] investigated a solar-geothermal-driven configuration that generated electricity and hydrogen. This system was made up of a PTC field, an ORC, a proton exchange membrane (PEM) electrolyzer, and a cooling tower for the ORC condenser. According to the results, the energy and exergy efficiency was found to be 5.85% and 8.27%, respectively, while the average electricity production was determined at 66.02 kW between the hours of 11:00-13:00, and the daily hydrogen production amount was 9807.1 g. Moreover, [PERSON] et al. [23] analyzed a polygeneration system installed in a greenhouse that produced electricity, fresh water, and space cooling. The system contained a PTC, a TES unit, an ORC, an absorption cooling cycle, a desalination unit, and a PEM water electrolyzer. The produced hydrogen and oxygen amounts could feed a hydrogen-oxy combustor if there was no solar irradiation.