# Significance of Sustainable Packaging: A Case-Study from a Supply Chain Perspective
## 2 Literature Review
### Sustainable Packaging and Green Packaging with a Global Perspective  
In today's world, the concept of sustainability has become the limelight of almost every industry. The change in trends in human lifestyle, practices and technology have reformed the industries, communities, and overall, the world has moved toward suitability [33]. According to the new guidelines for environmental protection, role of packaging is not only limited to the protection of the product, but also it must be environmentally friendly; it must meet both its objectives i.e., product requirements as well as the specific environmental objectives [13]. Therefore, the packaging that is made up of reusable or biodegradable material is becoming popular; scientist think that this type of eco-packaging is the future. As consumers are now becoming more aware of the environmental changes and the impact of their consumption behavior on the environment, therefore they have started to give priority to ecological packaging in order to protect the environment and quality of life [34]. Similarly, [PERSON] et al. (2017) estimate environmental consequences such as climate change, oxidation due to photochemical pollutants, acidification, anthropogenic activities increase power consumption [17]. They explore the potential cause due to massive production and utilization of packaging life cycle (PLC), which subscribe as potential threat to the entire eco-system shared approximately 79% of its life cycle based on extensive utilization of power sources. Emissions due to express delivery packaging are from 0.3 million tones (Mt) in year 2007 to 13.2 million tones (Mt) in year 2018. [PERSON] et al. (2018) investigated that 1.6 Mt of packaging disposal requires 58.90 GWh of power for processing and discharges 73.90 Giga tones of carbon dioxide (CO\({}_{2}\)), which is equivalent (CO\({}_{2}\)e) [35]. [PERSON] et al. (2021) investigates the reasons for the challenges in governing the sustainability of plastic food packaging and sheds light on the contestations between different sustainability goals and interests that relate to food packaging by integrating the results from various disciplinary fields [36]. This ranges from material sciences to behavioral and social sciences, and it shows that there are trade-offs between them [36]. The article identifies how attempts to govern individual sustainability problems as part of circular economy policies create tensions with other sustainability issues through an in-depth analysis of the sustainability challenges related to different stages of the life cycle of plastic food packages [36]. While the circular economy covers the entire life cycle of a food package, the analysis shows that the beginning and end of the life cycle have gotten the most attention, with only a few policy measures focusing on the consumption phase [36]. Finally, we argue that the various functions of plastic food packaging should be better recognized in environmental policy design. The concept of green packaging has been introduced in the recent years in order to lessen the effect of waste and pollution and promote sustainable development [37]. The purpose of green packaging or also known as sustainable packaging, recyclable packaging, or eco-friendly packaging is to use ecological friendly materials in packaging, keeping in mind the safety of human life and environment [38]. Companies are encouraged to incorporate strategies for green packaging in their process mainly due to either customer demands or regulations imposed by authorities such as European Union demands that the member must introduce legislations to take steps in order to introduce packaging waste management systems [39]. Another example is a regulatory authority in Japan, Container and Packaging Recycling Law of Japan, which institutes that every city must gather and store the containers and packaging separated from the solid wastes [40]. However, a gap between the consumer's expectation and the company's perspective still exists.