## 1 Introduction  
For thick and extra-thick coal seam mining, fully mechanized top-coal caving mining is an efficient mining method [1, 2, 3, 4]. However, when the coal seam exhibits excessive thickness, shallow burial depth, and high hardness, the coal cannot be fully broken and collapsed in time due to mine pressure and the repeated support of brackets. This will lead to problems of low mining rate and resource waste. Therefore, it is necessary to weaken the overall strength of the coal by injecting it with water or by blasting it. New cracks are produced in the coal so that more effective coal crushing and safer mining can be achieved under mine pressure and the repeated support of brackets. However, attention should be paid to the impact of blasting vibrations on ground buildings in the blast weakening of shallow-buried coal mines. Especially in cases where the working face is advanced to the vicinity of ground buildings, the harm caused by blasting vibrations will further expand. Therefore, it is necessary to effectively control blasting vibrations to reduce damage to the ground buildings and ensure their safety [5; 6; 7; 8; 9; 10; 11; 12; 13]. Scholars have performed much research on underground blasting vibrations. [PERSON] et al. [14] studied ground vibrations caused by underground mine blasting. They analyzed the influence of explosive type, explosive amount, number of blast holes, diameter and length of holes, and different blasting devices on ground vibrations. [PERSON] et al. [15] measured the vibration data for bench blasting on open-pit mines and underground tunnels, and the peak particle velocity of both was compared. It was found that the ground value was higher than the underground value at the same vibration distance, which proved the existence of vibration damping from the ground to the underground. [PERSON] et al. [16] analyzed the influence of blasting seismic waves on adjacent basements. The stress and displacement expression of the circular basement under the action of the blasting seismic wave were derived. The stress and displacement distribution of the surrounding rock under different frequencies of seismic waves and rock blasting conditions is given. [PERSON] et al. [17] used the blast drilling method to carry out the field blasting vibration test. A reasonable blasting method was proposed to reduce blasting vibrations and meet blasting safety regulations. [PERSON] et al. [18] conducted a joint test on the blasting vibrations of the middle rock pillar of an expressway tunnel. They discussed test velocity, regularity of blasting vibrations, and the safe vibration velocity of the tunnel, which provided scientific guidance for a safe blasting method for the tunnel. In actual blasting engineering, safety criterion selection for blasting vibrations is very important and directly affects the safety of surrounding buildings. Therefore, it has always been the focus of many scholars. In an early study, [PERSON] et al. [19] used blasting vibration velocity as the safety criterion. Through further study of blasting hazards, it was found that the damage caused by blasting vibrations to buildings is also related to their frequency and duration. Finally, vibration velocity, frequency, and duration are selected as the main factors contributing to structural damage [20; 21; 22; 23; 24]. However, it is difficult to comprehensively evaluate the impact on buildings by traditional theoretical calculations and field testing methods. Numerical calculations can simulate blasting and the dynamic response of buildings [25; 26; 27; 28; 29]. The numerical simulation software used in this paper is ANSYS/LS-DYNA (version 2023 R1). The excellent pre-processing ANSYS module and the DYNA solution technology are combined to construct a complete engineering analysis. First, the user completes the modeling and sets parameters in the ANSYS environment. Then, LS-DYNA is used to solve nonlinear problems such as explosion shock. Finally, the dedicated post-processor LS-PREPOST is used to achieve data visualization.