# Smart City for Sustainable Development: Applied Processes from SUMP to MaaS at European Level
## 3 The European Smart City Applied Process at the Master Level
### Smart City and SUMP  
Rules refer to regulations, laws and guidelines for facing the challenges of urban mobility planning. It is necessary to clarify the different kinds of rules in relation to their role in the planning process. The SUMP is a strategic urban planning tool. According to the European indications, the SUMP can make the European smart city approach concrete. One of the main products of the transport planning tools are the guidelines for facing urban mobility challenges. According to [PERSON] and [PERSON] [24], the rules can be classified into the following classes:  
* _Prescriptive_ rules, for defining the boundaries within which the urban transport systems must move (e.g., financial budgets for realizing transport infrastructures); at the European level, prescriptive rules comprise regulations and directives that represent constraints (e.g., TEN-T regulations);
* _Address_ rules, for promoting best practices for realizing sustainable urban transport systems; at the European level, address rules comprise guidelines for promoting objectives and strategies that represent recommendations (e.g., green papers, white papers, communications); the SUMP guidelines belong to this class [34]. The SUMP planning tool indicates the objectives and actions for implementing the MaaS paradigm, which contributes to reaching the convergence among energy, transport and ICT. In the transportation planning process, the Sustainable Urban Mobility Plan has the following dimensions:  
* The local territorial dimension, because the decisions concern the transport system of a single city or set of nearby cities;
* The strategic temporal dimension, because the decisions concern the transport system from a long-term perspective;
* The master deepening dimension, with decisions that evolve from the entire system to the feasibility of a single infrastructure. The SUMP interacts with others planning documents at the local (e.g., territorial plans), regional (e.g., Transport Regional Plan) and national (e.g., National transport plan) levels. The SUMP contents have to face the challenges launched by SIP and OIP for smart cities. With specific references to urban mobility, the principal issues of the SUMP are:  
* City logistics, for urban freight mobility;
* Door-to-door mobility for urban people mobility;  
Figure 6: Sustainable and integrated mobility planning. * Electrification of all forms of mobility. The common aim is to move from a traditional concept of mobility based on physical infrastructures and a limited amount of information to a concept of smart mobility in which users' needs are at the center of the planning problems. People and freight mobility needs have to be satisfied through the combination available: ICT and energy technologies. In particular, smart urban mobility includes the following applied process regarding the different demand components (Figure 7):  
* People mobility and Mobility as a Service (MaaS) concept [35];
* Freight mobility and Logistics as a Service (LaaS) [36; 37], Freight as a Service (FaaS) [38] and Self-Organizing Logistics (SoL) [39; 40] concepts. European cities started the implementation process of the SUMPs. The European observatory ELTIS [41] monitors the level of implementations of European rules on urban mobility [42]. The results of the monitoring process are collected on the \"Eltis city database\", the repository of SUMPs and transport plans adopted in European cities. For each city, it is possible to verify the status of implementation of their urban mobility plans [41]. The uniformity regards the quantity and quality of the SUMP. For instance, in Italy, only 50% of metropolitan cities have adopted a SUMP [11]. An initial analysis was carried out to verify whether the path investigated, which sees the smart city as the main direction of progress for pursuing sustainability through transport plans on different time scales, is valid.