## 4 Conclusions  
During the experiment period of about two months, peat moss feeding reduced CO2 and CH4 emissions from pig slurry by 23 and 44%, respectively, compared with the control group. The daily CH4 and CO2 emission fluctuations were lower in PFS compared with CTL. The present study's results indicate that the HS levels were significantly higher in PFS than CTL. These findings suggest that the elevated HS levels observed in the PFS may play a pivotal role in constraining hydrolysis during anaerobic digestion. Consequently, the PFS tended to lower TVFA concentrations compared with the CTL.  
When converting CH4 and CO2 emissions to carbon emissions (CH4-C + CO2-C), it was found that more carbon was emitted from CO2 than CH4 during the storage period. However, when expressed as CO2-eq., CH4 dominated carbon emissions during the entire storage period in both PFS and CTL, with CH4 accounting for 93% and 95% of the total carbon emissions, respectively. PFS was also found to have a lower impact on greenhouse gas emissions than CTL, with a reduction of approximately 43% according to cumulative CO2-eq. emissions.  
Overall, this study suggests that implementing PFS may be a practical approach to mitigating carbon emissions and promoting environmental sustainability and climate change mitigation. This study provides fundamental data on the impact of peat moss feeding on CH4 and CO2 emissions during pig house storage periods, and these data can be utilized to conduct additional scaled-up experiments. It is hypothesized that aerobic digestion or composting systems could be more appropriate for treating stored pig slurry with high HS levels rather than anaerobic digestion. Further pilot- or field-scale experiments are required to identify the most suitable subsequent treatment processes for stored PFS.  
However, the short-term experimental duration and the inherent variability in CH4 and CO2 emission measurements associated with laboratory-scale experiments are limitations of this study. Peat moss feeding can be a cost-effective approach for achieving carbon neutrality in the livestock industry. To this end, it is crucial to determine the optimal peat moss feeding ratio for pigs to maximize the reduction in CH4 and CO2 emissions. Furthermore, further research is needed to examine the effect of peat moss on greenhouse gas reduction in various livestock species and at different breeding stages.  
The following supporting information can be downloaded at: [[https://www.mdpicom/article/10.3390/app131810492/s1](https://www.mdpicom/article/10.3390/app131810492/s1)]([https://www.mdpicom/article/10.3390/app131810492/s1](https://www.mdpicom/article/10.3390/app131810492/s1)), Figure S1: Changes in VFA (isobutyric acid, isovaleric acid, n-valeric acid, isocaproic acid, n-caproic acid, and heptanoic acid) concentration over time in PFS and CTL during the experimental period (56 d).  
Conceptualization, H.A. and J.L.; methodology, H.A.; software, J.L.; validation, H.A. and J.L.; formal analysis, J.L.; investigation, J.L.; data curation, J.L.; writing--original draft preparation, J.L.; writing--review and editing, H.A.; visualization, J.L.; supervision, H.A.; project administration, H.A.; funding acquisition, H.A. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.  
This research was funded by Cargill Agri Purina, Inc. (Korea), project number 2022-0341-01.  
Not applicable.  
The authors would like to acknowledge [PERSON], [PERSON], [PERSON], and [PERSON] for their assistance in preparing experimental materials and conducting instrument analysis.  
Conflicts of Interest: The authors declare no conflict of interest. The funders had no role in the design of the study; in the collection, analyses, or interpretation of data; in the writing of the manuscript; or in the decision to publish the results.