## 1 Introduction  
The substance and advancement of the human population profoundly depend on the existence of fresh water, a vital resource. Groundwater functions as a widespread reservoir of potable water for a substantial segment of the population in multiple arid and semi-arid areas within developing countries. Thus, it becomes imperative to consistently guarantee its superior quality to safeguard the well-being of consumers. Groundwater, a valuable and renewable resource, possesses numerous inherent benefits when compared to surface water. Due to its minimal purification requirements, groundwater usage carries a notable risk of exposure to contaminants. Nitrate (NO3\({}^{-}\)), a widespread pollutant in the subsurface environment, has been extensively studied by [PERSON] and [PERSON] [1], [PERSON] et al. [2], and [PERSON] et al. [3]. The contamination of NO3\({}^{-}\) in groundwater is primarily influenced by the presence of pollutant sources and regional environmental conditions. It enters the groundwater through various natural processes such as symbiotic relationships between plants and microbes, atmospheric depositions, and the presence of igneous rocks. activities, the expansion of nitrogen fertilizer utilization, inappropriate disposal of animal waste, and infiltration of wastewater from sewage and septic systems, all ascribed to human activities, have resulted in a noteworthy rise in the pollution of NO3\({}^{-}\) in groundwater in recent periods. This rise in NO3\({}^{-}\) pollution is a matter of growing global concern for both human health as highlighted by [PERSON] et al. [4] and ecological well-being as emphasized by [PERSON] et al. [5]. The World Health Organization [6] stipulates that the maximum permissible concentration of NO3\({}^{-}\) in water is 50 mg/L. Water beyond this threshold is advised against usage owing to health hazards. In applicable situations, a suitable treatment procedure must be employed. Nonetheless, the majority of individuals in the study region utilize untreated groundwater for drinking. Consequently, it is essential to assess the appropriateness of groundwater for potable use. Nitrate risk in groundwater transpires in two ways. The initial step is the conversion of NO3\({}^{-}\) and nitrite (NO2\({}^{-}\)) salts to NO2\({}^{-}\), which can change hemoglobin into red blood cells and then into methemoglobin. Consequently, drinking polluted water, consuming fruits, vegetables, or canned food at risk of contamination, and taking sodium nitrite directly by mouth can cause methemoglobinemia. In addition, infants exhibit less B5 reductase activity in their erythrocytes compared to adults; hence, the risk to newborns is significantly elevated. Secondly, NO2\({}^{-}\), produced by the decrease in NO3\({}^{-}\) in the human body, can combine with secondary amines to generate nitrosamines, which may be carcinogenic. NO3\({}^{-}\) is water-soluble and tends to accumulate progressively, particularly in agricultural areas [7]. Consequently, high NO3\({}^{-}\) levels pose a significant threat to regional groundwater quality in countries such as Turkiye [8; 9; 10; 11], Italy [12], Indonesia [13], Pakistan [14], Denmark [15], Iran [16], Korea [17], India [18], and China [19]. [PERSON] et al. [20] assessed nitrate pollution and its effects on human health in the semi-arid southern region of India, identifying organic matter and leachate as the principal sources of groundwater contaminants. [PERSON] et al. [21] delineated the hydrochemical characteristics of groundwater in urban Chongqing and assessed its water quality. [PERSON] et al. [22] assessed the effects of elevated nitrate levels in groundwater and elucidated that the primary source of these high nitrate concentrations is the application of synthetic fertilizers. Southeast Turkiye's semi-arid and dry regions mostly rely on groundwater for the production of drinking water. In areas with semi-arid and arid climates, like southeast Turkiye, groundwater serves as the primary source of drinking water production.