# Design and Evaluation of Large-Scale IoT-Enabled Healthcare Architecture
## 4 Simulation Infrastructure  
Simulating of IoT environments and making the simulated IoT environment work as a large multilateral health organization are two main objectives in our simulation process. The first objective is achieved using the architecture proposed in [38; 39; 40]. In this architecture, the satellite, HAP, and Internet are simulated and cover many devices at many locations. Using Internet coverage tool has the first priority due to its wide spread. Then, HAP will be used in the event that Internet is unable to cover the healthcare things. The satellite coverage tool will be used in the case where both Internet and HAP are unable to achieve their coverage mission. Determination of the number of satellites and HAPs depends on two main factors, the size of the coverage area and cost. In this simulation, one satellite and five HAPs are used to cover the healthcare things. The coverage tools and things are arranged into five layers, satellite/HAP/HAP/Internet/things. The things in the fifth layer can be transformed to be in the second layer (in case of using satellite), or the third/fourth layers (in case of using HAPs). The type of satellite is LEO, and its specifications are altitude, link bandwidth, inclination, and delay, and the corresponding values of satellite specifications are 800 km, 25 mhps, 86 degree, and 7.8 ms, respectively. The HAP specifications are radius, altitude, noise, and height of antenna, and the corresponding values of HAP specifications are 50 km, 28 km, 5 dB, and 22 km, respectively. In addition, the simulation description of WSN, RFID, MANET, and cellular networks is stated in this simulated architecture. The WSN specifications are RF power, covered area, and data rate, and the corresponding values of WSN specifications are \(-\)10 dBm, 1200 km \(\times\) 1200 km, and 250 Kbps, respectively. The RFID specifications are data rate, sensing range, power, and frequency average, and the corresponding values of RFID specifications are 2 Mbps, 5.4 m, 145 dBm, and 915 mHz, respectively. The MANET specifications are packet size, area, and number of requests, and the corresponding values of MANET specifications are 1 Mb, 500 m \(\times\) 500 m, and 3750, respectively. The cellular network specifications are signal to noise ratio (SIR), BS transmission power, and sensitivity of the stations. The corresponding values of cellular network specifications are \(-\)9 dB, 17 dBm, and \(-\)65 dBm. There are 2000 routers distributed over 10 countries. Each router can serve a range of nodes from 300 to 500. The devices can be directly connected to the routers or by using sink nodes. Figure 6 shows a simple view of simulation architecture. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{l l l l l l} \hline
**Tool** & **Mission** & **Network** & **Coverage** & & \\ \hline Medical Sensors & Monitoring & WSN & & & \\ RFID & Tracking & RFID & & & \\ Mobile & Connection & Cellular & & & \\ Health Software & Decisions & AI & & & \\ Specialist Temporary & & Discussion & MANET & & \\ Cooperation & & & & & \\ \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 2: Needs for the use case construction. The second objective of the simulation is to make the networks forming the IoT enjoinment connect devices with a direct relationship to the medical field and devices serving the medical system in general. In this simulation, the devices to be included have been studied so that the simulation system can include any device with a medical relationship under the umbrella of an IoT-enabled healthcare system. Initially, devices were divided into \"active\" and \"passive\". As stated above, active devices can connect to any coverage tool, such as the Internet, and have a processing unit (optional), and passive devices cannot contact any coverage tool. For this, active devices are communicated using a WSN, MANET, or cellular network, and passive devices are communicated to the IoT-enabled healthcare system using RFID networks supported with other tools, such as RFID tags (see Figure 7).