## 3 Basic Assumptions  
### Network Model  
The network model of the proposed research includes N number of devices such as smart vehicles (SVs), roadside units (RSUs), static/mobile devices, and trusted authority (TA) [28] which are concerned through DSRC, wireless communication or 3G/4G/5G. Finally, the trusted authority is connected to the remote cloud (RC). The architecture of the proposed method is given in Figure 4. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c} \hline \hline
**Ref.** & **Objectives** & **Algorithms Used** & **Limitations** \\ \hline
[13] & To provide the best path selection in AODV & Improved Ant Colony Optimization in AODV & High overhead and low vehicle density \\ \hline
[14] & To provide optimization in VANETs & Reliability Aware Multi-Objective Optimization Based VANETs Routing (RAMO) and Enhanced Gaussian Mutation Harmony Searching (EGMHS) & Low throughput \\ \hline
[17] & To provide optimization and routing performance in VANETs & Two discretized variants of the Cuckoo search optimization (CSO) & Low vehicle density scenario \\ \hline
[18] & To improve the optimization of VANETs routing & Hybrid Genetic Firefly Algorithm-based Routing Protocol (HGFA) & High overhead \\ \hline
[19] & To provide traffic congestion control in VANETs & Multi-Objective Harris Hawks Optimization (2 HMO-HHO) algorithm & Low vehicle density scenario \\ \hline
[20] & To create delay aware VANETs network & hybrid-fuzzy logic guided genetic algorithm (H-FLGA) approach & Packet delivery ratio and throughput are moderate \\ \hline
[21] & To improve the security, anonymity, and untraceability of the VANETs & A new mutual authentication and key agreement protocol & Throughput is moderate \\ \hline
[22] & To provide security against attacks & Physical Unclonable Functions & Low vehicle density scenario \\ \hline
[23] & To improve detection accuracy of VANETs & A multi-tiered hybrid IDS & Throughput and bandwidth are low \\ \hline
[24] & To provide security against attacks & A multi-level privacy preservation & Low vehicle density scenario \\ \hline
[25] & To improve security in VANETs & Novel blockchain-enabled certificate-based authentication scheme & Packet delivery ratio and throughput are moderate \\ \hline
[26] & To provide security to VANETs & A cryptography function-based encryption and decryption & Throughput is moderate \\ \hline
[27] & To provide security of VANETs & A two-level detection system & Low vehicle density scenario \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 1: Summary of related works. Smart Vehicles (SVs): Each individual SV in the network consists of certain devices for wireless communication. They are the On-Board Unit (OBU), IBC mechanism, and PKI mechanism for data transmission, a tamper-proof device (TPD), a global positioning system (GPS), and a graphical user interface (GUI). Additionally, it requires a routing protocol for wireless data transfer, energy, and storage capacity. Apart from this, the SVs will act smart through their new capabilities, as it consists of computing resource states with roles such as computing resource seller, computing resource buyer, or idle node. Any SVs, at any time instance, are able to share its computing resources for paid service to the buyer. The offloading tasks of the buyers using the currently received computing resources have to be handled by the seller vehicle [29]. Road Side Units (RSUs): In the network, the RSUs are present on the roadsides, and it is static in nature. It is mainly used to give service to the TA and the SVs. To perform the operation of communication with SVs, RSU uses routing protocols. RSUs will authenticate the SVs' communication from various environments. They should contain all the capabilities to manage the computing resource state of SVs which are present in its coverage area. The computing resource-sharing details of all the SVs are managed by the RSUs. Hence the storage and efficiency of the RSUs are very much closer to the TA.