## 3 Results
### Effect of Magnetoriming on the Expression of Genes GmNOS-like and GmNR Involved in NO Synthesis  
The _GmNOS-like 1_, _GmNOS-like 2_, _GmNR1_ and _GmNR2_ genes were selected to check their expression in the unprimed/primed germinating seeds under saline and non-saline conditions. However, primers used to detect _GmNOS-like 1_ and _GmNR2_ genes could not generate any amplicon in the PCR reaction, and hence no data are provided. For all the genes, relative expression was calculated with expression of germinating unprimed seeds under non-saline and saline conditions as respective calibrators under both the conditions. Under non-saline conditions, _GmNOS-like 2_ gene from magnetoprimed seedlings showed 4.18-fold higher expression over the seedlings from unprimed seeds (Figure 6A). The addition of NO donor increased the expression by 5.83-fold in unprimed seedlings and 17.42-fold in the magnetoprimed ones (Figure 6A). The treatment with ST, L-NAME, and DPI severely inhibited the expression of _GmNOS2_ gene in the magnetoprimed seedlings (Figure 6A). The magnetoprimed seedlings showed significantly up-regulated _GmNOS-like 2_ expression by 3.74-fold in NaCl treatment compared to the unprimed seedlings (Figure 6A). In addition, SNP treatment under salinity raised the _GmNOS2_ expression level by 6.69-fold in the unprimed and 16.46-fold in magnetoprimed seeds (Figure 6B). The results with inhibitors varied under non-saline and saline conditions with ST treatment showed 4.83-fold increase,  
Figure 6: Relative expression analysis of _GmNOS-like 2_ gene in soybean seeds kept for 24 h in different modulators of NO and ROS production under non-saline (**A**) and saline (**B**) conditions. The data are represented as the means \(\pm\) SE (n = 3). The fold change in the expression values was calculated using the 2\({}^{-\Delta\Delta\text{CT}}\) method given by [PERSON] (2004). The alpha-tubulin (_Glyma.19G052400_) gene was used as internal control to normalize the expression, and control UP sample was used as a calibrator in both non-saline and saline treatments. ##_p_ < 0.01, #_p_ < 0.05 indicates the significant difference amongst the UP seeds grown in control with the UP seeds grown in different modulators of NO/ROS under non-saline or saline conditions; ***_p_ < 0.001, *_p_ < 0.05 indicates the significant difference amongst MP seeds grown in control with the MP seeds grown in different modulators of NO/ROS under non-saline or saline conditions. and with L-NAME 2.23-fold increase, in unprimed ones under salinity, whereas others showed significantly decreased _GmNOS-like 2_ expressions in both conditions (Figure 6B). In the case of nitrate reductase genes, the _GmNR1_ gene was up-regulated by 6.06-fold in the seedlings of magnetoprimed seeds over seedlings of unprimed seeds under non-saline conditions (Figure 7A). The addition of SNP as NO donor enhanced the transcript level of _GmNR1_ gene in both unprimed (11.12-fold) and magnetoprimed (17.12-fold) seedlings compared to unprimed controls. The treatment of magnetoprimed seeds with ST, L-NAME and DPI inhibitors significantly reduced the _GmNR1_ transcript level under the non-saline conditions (Figure 7A). Figure 7: Relative expression analysis of _GmNR1_ genes in soybean seeds kept for 24 h in different modulators of NO and ROS production under non-saline (**A**) and saline (**B**) conditions. The data are represented as the means \(\pm\) SE (n = 3). ##_p_ \(<\) 0.01, #_p_ \(<\) 0.05 indicates the significant difference amongst the UP seeds grown in control with the UP seeds grown in different modulators of NO/ROS under non-saline or saline conditions; ***_p_ \(<\) 0.001, *_p_ \(<\) 0.05 indicates the significant difference amongst the MP seeds grown in control with the MP seeds grown in different modulators of NO/ROS under non-saline or saline conditions. The enhanced transcription of _GmNR1_ gene by 3.86-fold in magnetoprimed seedlings over their unprimed controls was observed under salinity (Figure 7B).