## 7 Discussion of Results  
The presented work dealt with the current issue of convergence of information and operational technologies, which is related to the digitalisation of production processes. For the development of complex information systems in digital enterprises, it is necessary to use modern development tools (e.g., Node-RED), communication standards (OPC Unified Architecture) and also cloud technologies. Consequently, they need to be effectively interfaced with discrete-event systems. The case studies presented in this paper dealt with the modelling and control of virtual discrete-event systems implemented in Factory I/O and their communication with implemented cloud applications. The addressed issues are thus fully in line with the requirements of the industry regarding the creation of new educational materials for Industry 4.0 engineers. An advanced application for Industry 4.0 (that is also related to the convergence of IT and OT) is a digital twin. Digital twin creates a type of symmetry between real and virtual system.  
It is essential for students to acquire knowledge and especially practical skills and competences in the field of technologies related to the digitalisation of products, production and related processes, which they can then use highly effectively as experts in the digitalisation of the enterprise in modern manufacturing companies of a wide range of focus. The evaluation of the module will be made possible by cooperation with partners from industrial practice, who will define the content needs of the implemented modules, which they will also use for the training of their experts. Such an approach will provide highly valuable feedback that will be used to modify both the formal and the content of the modules. This will ensure that the University's students have up-to-date and required knowledge for industrial practice.  
The courses will be designed for two groups of people, based on the nature of the convergence of IT and OT:  
* People focused on IT--computer engineers, software engineers, programmers, etc.
* People focused on OT--automation engineers, mechatronics engineers, PLC programmers, etc.  
The two groups will attend the courses together. The groups will therefore be mixed. This will ensure that they learn to work together and also acquire the necessary soft skills. Everyone will improve in the area (IT or OT) that is their weaker side.  
Figure 29: Communication from Factory I/O to OpenPLC.  
The course can be divided into four parts and consists of a motivational introduction, basic IT concepts, basic OT concepts and finally the core of the course--the convergence of IT and OT.  
1. Motivational introduction * Importance of IT and OT convergence, key aspects.
2. Basic IT concepts * Review of basic programming paradigms, functions, objects; * Object-oriented programming; * Cloud computing--basic aspects.
3. Basic OT concepts * Systems theory, overview of different types of cyber-physical systems, discrete-event systems; * Programming languages for PLC; * PLC programming.
4. Core of the course--convergence of IT and OT * Simulation tool Factory I/O; * Industry 4.0 concept, Reference Architectural Model Industrie 4.0 (RAMI 4.0); * OPC Unified Architecture; * Node-RED: basic programming; * Node-RED: communication with cloud and using OPC UA and MQTT; * Cloud computing--Microsoft Azure.