# Recent Studies on the Healing Properties of Eicosapentaenoic Acid
## 3 Discussion  
EPA is widely known for the management or prevention of various heart-related diseases, such as blocked heart arteries [coronary artery disease] and heart attacks. It also reduces triglyceride levels in those with very elevated levels [26]. It finds application along with the appropriate medicines, in the treatment of schizophrenia, personality disorders, Alzheimer's disease, depression, and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), among other mental illnesses [27]. In addition, it is used for other diseases such as psoriasis, asthma, cystic fibrosis, and diabetes as an adjuvant nutritional supplement in treatment. EPA helps in various kinds of cancer, mostly assisting in body weight maintenance and lessening the negative effects of chemotherapy in cancer patients [28]. When used by women, it lessens the risk of delayed fetal development, high blood pressure during high-risk pregnancy, and menopause symptoms [29]. In fish oil preparations, EPA and DHA are frequently combined for several disorders, such as avoiding heart disease and lowering irregular heartbeats. The idea that encapsulated EPA and DHA supplements  
Figure 3: Oral EPA-rich oil supplementation hinders the healing of skin wounds in diabetics [25]. improve cardiovascular outcomes in people with known cardiovascular disease or at risk of developing it has been tested over the course of the last 20 years in a number of clinical trials. Nevertheless, using EPA and DHA combination capsules to lower cardiovascular risk is not advised based on the information that is currently available. According to certain research, using EPA on its own may reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease [30]. According to our review study, EPA is used as a supplement after surgery to less infections, accelerate wound healing, and speed up recovery [31]. It has been demonstrated that fish oil supplements accelerate the rates at which wounds epithelialize and that omega-3 fatty acids change the inflammatory composition of wounds. It has been demonstrated that EPA and DHA modulate the rate at which wound healing proceeds. The physiology of the skin is changed at the cellular and molecular levels by these distinctive omega-3 fatty acids and their metabolites [30]. On the other hand, there is some controversial data in the literature regarding the oral supplantation of omega-3-fatty acids [30]. It has been observed that oral consumption of omega-3 fatty acids, particularly the DHA and EPA combination, significantly slow down the healing of wounds and disrupt the structure of collagen through several mechanisms [5]. Omega-3 fatty acids work through a variety of mechanisms, such as modifications to the structure of membranes, the synthesis of lipid mediators, and the activation of intracellular receptors that modify the expression of genes. Omega-3 fatty acids stimulate the peroxisome proliferatorator-activated receptors (PPARs) and therefore could have negative impact on the healing of diabetic ulcers [23; 25]. Characteristic genes of mast cells in the skin tissues of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2 DM) were described at a single-cell level. These genes and enriched signaling pathways provide a theoretical basis and data support for further research on dermatopathy in patients with diabetes mellitus [32]. Although the topical application of omega-3 fatty acids could improve wound healing, further research is needed regarding the influence of oral supplementation, particularly on diabetic ulcers. A number of additional cutting-edge technologies are hitting the market. Among these are products such as Woundchek (DEN180014) (Systagenix) for detecting elevated protease activity as a proxy for impaired wounds; Cellutome (KCI) and Recell (BP170122) (Avita) for epidermal harvest and suspension systems; SoftPulse (K070541) (Endonovo) for targeted pulsed electromagnetic therapy; TWO2 (WoundSource) for topical wound oxygen therapy; and UltraMIST (K1407828) (WoundSource) for ultrasound therapy.