## 4 Conclusions  
The influence of pocket size deviation on the dynamic characteristics of cylindrical roller bearings is studied in this paper, and the influence of dimensional deviations in cage pocket length and width on bearing motion is obtained. The conclusions are as follows. (1) Dimensional deviations in the cage pocket length significantly affect the dynamic performance of the bearing. Negative length deviations result in reduced amplitudes of equivalent stress on the cage, indicating more constrained motion. As the deviation increases, the range of cage motion decreases, while fluctuations in the speed of both the inner ring and the rollers increase. The bearing's overall dynamic response becomes more sensitive under negative deviations, primarily due to reduced clearance between the cage and the rollers, which amplifies friction and contact forces. This constraint on cage motion leads to imbalances in rotational speeds, contributing to increased fluctuations. (2) Dimensional deviations in the cage pocket width exhibit a different influence pattern. Negative width deviations significantly increase the equivalent stress. As the width deviation becomes positive, the stress gradually decreases and stabilizes, reflecting  
Figure 23: Roller slip rate of dimensional deviations in the width. Figure 22: Roller speed of dimensional deviations in the width. the reduced interaction between the cage and the rollers. A wider pocket allows for greater freedom in cage movement, resulting in increased displacement and smoother dynamic behavior of the inner ring and the rollers. However, under negative width deviations, increased contact stress can lead to potential jamming and higher interaction forces, disrupting smooth operation. (3) Negative deviations more significantly affect the dynamics of cylindrical roller bearings by reducing the clearances between the rolling elements and the cage, resulting in tighter contact. This intensifies the friction and collision forces between components, particularly in the case of length deviations. Increased stress, constrained movement, and altered interaction dynamics under negative deviations significantly disturb bearing balance, causing greater irregularities in speed and motion. In contrast, positive deviations increase clearance, thereby facilitating smoother interactions, reducing stress, and stabilizing the overall system. (4) In practical bearing design, minimizing negative deviations is crucial for avoiding excessive friction, stress, and speed fluctuations, which can compromise the bearing's performance and longevity. From a manufacturing perspective, this research highlights the necessity of precision in machining and assembling cage pockets to maintain optimal clearances. Specifically, stricter tolerances should be enforced for the length dimension to prevent significant performance degradation due to negative deviations. Insights from this study offer valuable guidelines for improving design and manufacturing processes, ensuring more reliable and durable cylindrical roller bearings. (5) The influence of pocket size deviations on the dynamic characteristics of cylindrical roller bearings is analyzed in this paper. Future research could explore the impact of pocket position deviations on bearing friction and lubrication performance. Furthermore, the dynamic behavior of bearings under pocket position deviations could also be analyzed. Investigation, Idea and Method, J.X. ; Simulation and Data acquisition, Z.W. ; Funding acquisition and Organization X.H. ; Writing--review and editing, X.Q. ; Writing--original draft preparation, Y.W. ; Data analysis and Simulation method, B.W. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript. This work was financially supported by Natural Science Foundation of Liaoning Province (2023-MS-280 and 2023-MS-351) and the High-Level Talents of Dalian City (2022 RY26). Not applicable. The datasets presented in this article are not readily available because the data are part of an ongoing study.