## 5 Conclusions  
The present study highlights the fundamental relevance of three-dimensional biomechanical modeling and finite element analysis (FEA) in investigating the dynamic behavior of dento-maximillary structures subjected to masticatory forces. Through the use of an integrated approach, it was possible not only to accurately simulate the interaction between various components of the masticatory system but also to critically evaluate the mechanical performance of two commonly used restorative materials--amalgam and a composite.  
The analysis of the von Mises stress distribution revealed significant differences between the two materials studied. The amalgam, due to its mechanical properties being similar to those of dentin, demonstrated a superior ability to distribute mechanical stress uniformly, thereby reducing stress concentration in critical areas, such as the interface between the restorative material and the dental tissue. In contrast, the composite exhibited a tendency to absorb and internally propagate stress, which, under conditions of overload (forces > 600 N), may promote the development of microcracks or delamination. These findings underscore the need for an informed selection of restorative materials, taking into account not only aesthetic considerations but also their specific mechanical behavior under both functional and parafunctional loading conditions.  
This study also demonstrated that the magnitude and direction of applied forces, particularly in the context of bruxism, decisively influence the risk of the structural failure of restorations. Specifically, forces exceeding 800 N were associated with stress values surpassing the strength thresholds of the materials, particularly in the case of the composite, indicating the need for personalized preventive and therapeutic strategies for patients with parafunctional habits.  
Another essential conclusion derives from the analysis of the behavior at the dentin-restorative material interface. Differences in the elastic modulus between the two materials and the dental tissue generated local stress imbalances, which can serve as initiation points for structural degradation. Therefore, the optimization of restorations should not focus solely on the restorative material itself but also on application techniques, layer thickness, and mechanical compatibility with the biological substrate.  
The significance of digital technologies, particularly finite element analysis (FEA), is underscored by their capacity to produce high-fidelity predictive models that closely replicate real-world loading conditions within the oral cavity. These methodologies offer a robust foundation for experimental validation and are pivotal in advancing modern dentistry, particularly in the areas of personalization, prediction, and prevention.  
In conclusion, the present research supports the implementation of clinically guided protocols based on biomechanical analysis and digital simulation, aimed at improving the longevity of dental restorations. In an increasingly complex clinical context, the integration of advanced modeling tools has become not only beneficial but essential for maximizing long-term therapeutic success.  
Conceptualization, M.T. and I.D.; methodology, M.R. and C.M.; software, M.T., I.D. and C.M.; validation, I.D. and M.R.; formal analysis, M.T. and C.M.; investigation, M.T.; resources, I.D.; data curation, M.R. and C.M.; writing--original draft preparation, I.D.; writing--review and editing, M.R.; visualization, C.M.; supervision, M.T.; project administration, M.R. and M.T. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.  
This research received no external funding.  
**Informed Consent Statement:** Not applicable.  
**Data Availability Statement:** The original contributions presented in this study are included in the article. Further inquiries can be directed to the corresponding author.  
**Conflicts of Interest:** The authors declare no conflicts of interest.