## 8 Conclusions  
(1) The vertical soil pressure inside the GRSW caused by external load gradually decays from high to low along the wall height and decays by 83.5%-86.9% within the range of 2.7 m of the wall height. The increase in the number of load cycles causes the vertical dynamic earth pressure to increase as well, with a minimum increase of 19.3% and a maximum increase of 49.7%.  
(2) Along the tendon-length direction, the vertical dynamic soil pressure shows a nonlinear single-peak distribution, with the peak occurring at the middle and rear of the tendon; with the increase of load cycles, the vertical dynamic soil pressure near the wall panel is almost unaffected, and at the middle and rear of the tendon, the vertical dynamic soil pressure gradually increases and stabilizes with the increase of load cycles.  
(3) The change in the number of load cycles has basically no effect on the stress-distribution angle of the GRSW; numerical simulation and field tests shows that the stress  
Figure 16: Stress distribution in the GRSW with different reinforcement length parameters; retaining wall stress-distribution range (red line) at (**a**) 8.5 m for long reinforcement and 6 m for short reinforcement; (**b**) 9.5 m for long reinforcement and 7 m for short reinforcement; (**c**) 10.5 m for long reinforcement and 8 m for short reinforcement; (**d**) 12.5 m for long reinforcement and 10 m for short reinforcement.  
distribution angle is relatively large in the upper part of the retaining wall and smaller in the middle and lower part, and the stress angle is basically between 35\({}^{\circ}\) and 79\({}^{\circ}\); the distribution influence depth of the stress in the GRSW is about 1.13 times the wall height.  
(4) With the increase in the friction coefficient of the reinforced soil interface, the stress-distribution range within the GRSW gradually becomes larger; with the increase in the length of the reinforcement, the stress-distribution range within the GRSW is gradually expanded in general, and the stress-distribution angle also increases, but when the length of the reinforcement is too long, the stress-distribution effect basically does not change much; with the increase of the modulus of the reinforcement, the stress-distribution angle of the GRSW basically remains the same; Among the three influencing factors, the friction coefficient of the reinforced soil interface has the greatest influence on the stress-distribution characteristics of the reinforced soil-retaining wall, the length of the reinforcement material is second, and the change in the modulus of the reinforcement material has the most minor influence; the parameters of the reinforcement material should be selected reasonably in the construction of reinforced soil projects to avoid waste.  
Writing--original draft preparation, H.W.; writing--review and editing, J.M.; validation, G.Y. and N.W. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.  
This research was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 52079078), the National Key Research and Development Program of China (No. 2022 YFE0104600), and the Key Research and Development Plan of Hebei Province (No. 20375504D).  
Not applicable.  
The data used to support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon request.  
The authors declare no conflict of interest.