# Readiness of Enterprises in Czech Republic to Implement Industry 4.0: Index of Industry 4.0
## 5 Discussion
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c} \hline \hline
**Variable** & **U** & **Z** & **_p_-**Value** \\ \hline HTS vs. data sample & 819.5 & \(-\)1.3833 & 0.1665 \\ MHTS vs. data sample & 5325.5 & \(-\)1.0364 & 0.2999 \\ MLTS vs. data sample & 1370.0 & \(-\)1.1984 & 0.2307 \\ LTS vs. data sample & 3907.0 & 2.3572 & 0.0184 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 7: Intensity of technology sectors, based on Mann–Whitney test. M—medium; HT—high-tech; LT—low-tech; S—sector. highly developed countries featuring large enterprises. In this paper, the importance of Industry 4.0 was reported as also increased according to the size of the enterprise, as the medium-sized enterprises reached 74%. It can, therefore, be assumed that large enterprises would reach 80%. [PERSON], [PERSON] and [PERSON] [109] conducted an assessment of the readiness to implement Industry 4.0, as well as the maturity of the enterprises in this respect. For this purpose, they created a model evaluating the enterprise in nine dimensions (strategy, leadership, customers, product, processes, culture, people, legislation, technology), and each of these dimensions was divided into other sub-parts, which were evaluated on a five-point scale in their questionnaire (not implemented (1) to fully implemented (5))--this scale also confirmed the accuracy of the four-degree scale in the research (1--we do not use it, 2--being implemented, 3--we use it partially, 4--implemented). From the results of the research, it is evident that the enterprises considered the dimension of the product and people as the most important. The results of this work show that companies mostly deployed IT infrastructure. They then assigned weights to these parts and made readiness calculations. They proposed this model for the enterprises as a means of self-assessment. These authors designed their model very generally, as some dimensions are very difficult to evaluate within subjective perception. For this reason, this paper used a specifically focused indicator, which does not aim to evaluate all the factors, but only the factors related to the technology possible to be evaluated by the enterprise itself. [PERSON], [PERSON], and [PERSON] [108] conducted a cross-sectional survey among 92 Brazilian manufacturing enterprises, as they identified them as the most affected by Industry 4.0, similar to this paper. They verified that the level of Industry 4.0 implementation depends on the size of the enterprise, as in this work, where it was shown that large enterprises achieve significantly higher VPI4% and Industry 4.0 affects SMEs. They also found enterprises with an advanced level of Industry 4.0 (also divided into three levels). They identified automation, virtualization, and flexibility as the key criteria and barriers to a high level of Industry 4.0. [PERSON], [PERSON], [PERSON], [PERSON], and [PERSON] [128], using factor analysis, described a model of quality culture, the fulfilment of which helps the company in the implementation of Industry 4.0, as the most important factor. They found consistency with the research results in terms of the collection of information and emphasis on employees. Human resources that were identified as the most significant limit in this paper could not be identified in the research of Industry 4.0 technologies, such as implementation patterns in manufacturing companies [108], because the authors did not include them in the questionnaire. They also asked about the sensors, ERP and MES systems, virtual simulation, robot use, and M2M. The main factors affecting the level of Industry 4.0 in the company were equally divided into three levels as in this paper. Interestingly, their allocation of ERP, MES, and sensors to the first level differed from this research. However, robots and M2M were also assigned by [PERSON] [108] to the second level according to cluster analysis. Other models that summarized the levels of Industry 4.0 implementation in manufacturing enterprises included a model [122] that set six levels of Industry 4.0 in an enterprise.