###### Abstract  
Forests provide a variety of ecosystem services (ESs) that contribute to a society's wellbeing. ES provision depends on the structure and evolution of forest ecosystems and is influenced by forest management. Society's increasing need for ESs requires these complex ecological dynamics to be understood and integrated in forest management and planning. We present the decision support system (DSS) Multisilva for multifunctional forest management. The Multisilva DSS is a web-based application that comprises two tools: the Mapping tool and the Simulation tool. The first tool provides spatial statistics and maps of the current provision of ESs at the forest property level. The Simulation tool compares two alternative, user-defined management scenarios over time and returns the biophysical estimations of ESs and the economic costs for each alternative. Multisilva is calibrated for Luxembourg, though it can be adapted for other temperate forest regions. ccosystem services; forest management; decision support system; forest; silviculture; simulation; mapping 2020 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Systems (IEEE), Vol., 2020, pp. 1-10. IEEE. Personal notice from: _IEEE_, 2005, pp. 1-10. IEEE. Personal notice from: _IEEE_, 2005, pp. competitiveness while ensuring sustainable management practices for biodiversity protection and conservation [15; 16]. Nevertheless, it remains unclear how the multifunctional role of forests in keeping or increasing the supply of ecosystem services is guaranteed through the adoption of certification schemes [17]. Moreover, there is no evidence of forest cover loss mitigation being associated with the expansion of certified forest areas [18]. Enhancing the provision of ecosystem services in forest management necessitates the implementation of targeted management actions. To support these actions, it is central to have verifiable impacts. To address this need, the FSC introduced a specific procedure in 2021 (a revision is ongoing and is expected in 2025) to certify the enhanced provision of five key ecosystem services: carbon sequestration, water purification, soil conservation, biodiversity preservation, and recreational opportunities [19]. These procedures employ a theory of change approach, outlining a series of interventions designed to achieve the desired benefits, supported by a comprehensive monitoring strategy. Importantly, these interventions are often funded by companies or philanthropic institutions seeking to enhance ecosystem service provision as part of their sustainability commitments. Third-party audits ensure the validation of interventions, the rigour of the methodologies used, the coherence of the monitoring processes, and the effectiveness of the final implementation. Designing these management interventions to support the FSC ES procedure or to simply integrate ES-specific actions into management plans can be a challenging and time-consuming task. The main research objective of this paper is the development of a decision support system (DSS), called Multisilva, able to facilitate the implementation of ES-oriented forest management. Such computer-based support systems represent and process knowledge to allow the user to take decisions that will have a more profitable or appropriate effect [20; 21]. A key aspect of such decision systems is defining the issues, or parameters, that indicate a better or worse effect. A comparison of multifunctional forest DSSs was conducted through a review of tools listed on the Forest DSS Community of Practice ([[http://www.forestdss.org/CoP/](http://www.forestdss.org/CoP/)]([http://www.forestdss.org/CoP/](http://www.forestdss.org/CoP/)) accessed on 24 November 2024), complemented by targeted research to identify additional relevant details and links. The tools were then assessed and scored across multiple dimensions, including temporal and spatial scales, ES inclusion, management support, spatial explicitness, access type, and geographic focus (see Supplementary Materials).