## 4 Conclusions  
The findings of this research clearly highlight the important information required during evacuation, occupants' opinions about the use of smartphones during evacuation, and the preference between graphical or textual information. Occupants did not perceive an unreasonably high risk of poor smartphone signals in a fire emergency; this augurs well for the adoption of a system which delivers evacuation instructions to smartphones. It was also important during the interviews to understand how information received during the fire could affect occupants' decision making. From the interviews, it can be seen that all interviewees believed that a smartphone is an important tool to have to communicate with others. Interviewees would feel safer when they had their smartphone with them during evacuation, as they could call for help at any point. It was also clear that occupants will make sure they are holding their smartphone during evacuation. The smartphone will not just allow occupants to call relatives but will also be the source of information during evacuation. Smartphones would be useful in leading evacuees to the best route to expedite evacuation. Having established that evacuees would always strive to keep their smartphone in their possession, and therefore a system which delivered evacuation instructions to smartphones was viable, the research turned to the question of textual versus graphical formats for these instructions. A majority of the interviews preferred text instructions, although a significant proportion of interviewees acknowledged the value of graphical instructions or a combination of graphical and textual. Instructions superimposed on a floorplan, creating an indoor mapping system, seems workable. Screen size does not appear to be an issue. Locating friends and family within the building would be a useful function. It was clear from the research findings that smartphones could play a big role during the evacuation of occupants from high-rise residential buildings. They would provide accurate information regarding the fire situation within the building and provide evacuation routes for occupants to follow, possibly optimised based on the fire situation. Smartphones would aid occupants in finding the safest and shortest route to evacuation. The interview findings show that emergency text messages should be short but should contain accurate and useful information. A number of information items also should be included in the message. The location of the fire is the most important information occupants felt should be included, in addition to having two preferred evacuation options. The routes provided to occupants will depend on the traffic flow on the main stairs, emergency, and queues at corridors. Further research is required with high-rise residential building occupants who previously experienced fire emergency evacuation to compare the results with the current research findings. The findings will then form the backbone of developing an intelligent egress system framework. Limitation of this research must be acknowledged. The number of interviewees is arguably small. However, as interviewees were non-probabilistically purposely recruited, it can be argued that the 23 interviewees were an adequate representation of the general population of high-rise building occupants. The precise details of their high-rise building residence were deemed to be unnecessary, as long as they clearly lived in a building that could be definitively classified as high rise. Similarly, the limited number of interviewees meant that an analysis of the demographics of the interviewees would not bear any statistical power. However, gender, age, and other demographics can have an impact on fire egress perceptions and behaviours, and therefore merit future research. The technical feasibility (e.g., locating friends and family within the building) and ethics (e.g., communicating locations of friends and family) of the smartphone use suggested by these findings will of course require further research.