# Current Status and Future Directions for Combined Tillage and Sowing Technology and Equipment
## 5 Analysis of Equipment and Technology Characteristics
### Development Trend of Key Technologies  
Seedbed preparation and precision sowing technologies, as the key technologies of combined soil preparation and sowing machines, have significant impacts on sowing quality and crop growth. In terms of seedbed preparation technology, combined soil preparation and sowing machines can provide good soil conditions for seed growth in different operation forms based on the environmental characteristics and agronomic requirements of different regions, and by combining appropriate preparation technologies. An overview of the characteristics of relevant technologies is shown in Table 6. Among them, rotary tillage and subsoiling technologies are more widely used in combined soil preparation and sowing machines, while ridging technology has more limited application scenarios and needs to be used according to specific crops and environments. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{p{56.9 pt} p{113.8 pt} p{113.8 pt} p{113.8 pt} p{113.8 pt}} \hline \hline
**Type** & **Operation Mode** & **Equipment Characteristics** & **Application Scenarios** & **Development Trend** \\ \hline Horizontal rotary tillage and sowing & Horizontal rotary tillage and precision & The machine mainly includes small and medium-sized units with precision & Small and medium-sized plants with low amounts of straw residue cover. & There is a need for enhanced stability, inter-component collaboration, and adaptability to various scenarios. \\ Vertical rotary tillage and sowing & Vertical rotary tillage and precision & The machine mainly includes small and medium sized, featuring pneumatic precision & Medium- to large-scale plants. & There is a need to reduce power consumption and machine operation costs while improving operational stability. \\ Ambient machine & Vertical rotary tillage and secowing & Vertical rotary tillage and secowing & Medium- to large-scale plants. & There is a need to reduce power consumption and machine operation costs while improving operational stability. \\ Ambient machine & Vertical rotary tillage and secowing & Vertical rotary tillage and secowing & Medium- to large-scale plants. & There is a need to reduce power consumption and machine operation costs while improving operational stability. \\ Ambient machine & Vertical rotary tillage and secowing & Vertical rotary tillage and secowing & Medium to large scale plants. & There is a need to reduce power consumption and machine operation costs while improving operational stability. \\ Ambient machine & Vertical rotary tillage and secowing & Vertical rotary tillage and secowing & Medium to large scale plants. & The need arises to address issues such as congestion blockage and shallow seed burial while minimizing operational power consumption and enhancing machine flexibility. \\ Combined disk & Disk narrow and precision sowing machine & Thes are predominantly small and medium-sized units with subsoiling rotary tillage and secowing & Small and medium-sized plants with low amount of fast  
In terms of precision seeding technology, relevant research is carried out around sowing and seed guiding technologies, covering the whole process of seeding, from the seed metering device to the seed furwro, in order to achieve precise and stable sowing operations. Sowing technology mainly focuses on the key processes of seed movement in the seed metering device. Through the meticulous optimization of the structure, working principle, and related parameters of the seed metering device, it ensures that seeds can be transported to the subsequent seed guiding stage with precise and stable flow rates and velocities. Seed guiding technology, on the other hand, emphasizes the movement trajectory of seeds and seed dropping methods. By comprehensively considering factors such as the tube structure, operation parameters, and spatial distribution, stable seed dropping is achieved. An overview of relevant technical characteristics is shown in Table 7.  
The research on seedbed preparation and precision seeding technology should focus on improving the overall performance of combined till