## 5 Conclusions  
This study investigated the relationship between nanoparticles, oxidative stress, and the potential therapeutic benefits of oleaster oil in albino Wistar rats. The research revealed that silica nanoparticles (SiNPs) induce an oxidative stress environment, leading to elevated lipid peroxidation levels and disruptions in antioxidant defense mechanisms. The study also revealed that oleaster oil can alleviate many of the negative effects of SiNPs, indicating its protective powers against cytotoxicity and oxidative stress. This is due to its intrinsic antioxidant qualities, which help reduce oxidative stress and minimize the negative effects of SiNP exposure. The findings could influence strategies for protecting human health and the environment in the face of nanoparticle applications. Oleaster oil, which is derived from the _Olea europaea_ L. plant, has the potential to be used in a variety of biomedical and industrial applications. This is due to its abundance of bioactive components, which include polyphenols, flavonoids, and essential fatty acids. It is a promising candidate for the treatment of oxidative stress-related diseases, including cardiovascular disorders, neurodegenerative conditions, and cancer, in the biomedical field due to its antioxidant properties. The development of therapeutic agents that reduce inflammation, delay aging, and protect cells from damage could be facilitated by its capacity to scavenge free radicals and inhibit lipid peroxidation. Furthermore, research indicates that oleaster oil may reduce the deleterious effects of environmental pollutants such as silica nanoparticles by enhancing antioxidant enzyme systems. The high polyphenolic content and stability of oleaster oil make it a valuable resource for the development of natural antioxidants, cosmetics, and food preservation in industrial applications. Its bioactive compounds, such as tocopherols and terpen, have the potential to prolong the shelf life of products and prevent oxidation. The oil's anti-inflammatory properties also indicate potential for application in cosmetic formulations. In addition, the increasing interest in sustainable and plant-based products could position oleaster oil as an environmentally favorable substitute for synthetic compounds in a variety of industries, such as pharmaceuticals and cosmetics, thereby increasing its overall industrial value. For example, in the field of applied sciences, the potential to improve the efficacy of therapeutic interventions is illustrated by the combination of conventional CRC treatments with polyphenol-based nanoparticles. The efficacy of chemotherapy or radiotherapy can be enhanced by the delivery of polyphenols via nanoparticles, which could provide improved targeting and reduced adverse effects due to their natural anticancer properties [78]. Furthermore, the protective antioxidant properties of oleaster oil against oxidative stress induced by nanoparticles could be exploited to protect healthy tissues during the treatment protocol. This integrated approach demonstrates the potential for safer and more effective and targeted interventions in both cancer therapy and nanoparticle-induced toxicity management by incorporating bioactive compounds to enhance current therapeutic strategies. The following supporting information can be downloaded at [[https://www.mdpi.com/article/10.3390/app142110046/s1](https://www.mdpi.com/article/10.3390/app142110046/s1)]([https://www.mdpi.com/article/10.3390/app142110046/s1](https://www.mdpi.com/article/10.3390/app142110046/s1)).