## 2 Materials and Methods
### Identification of the Volatiles from EOs and Hydrolates by GC-MS
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{l l c c c c c} \hline \hline
**No.** & **Compound** & **LRI** & **Leaves** & **Flowers** & **Fruits** & **Mode of Identification** \\ \hline
1. & Hexanal & 837 & 0.70 \(\pm\) 0.03 & nd & nd & GC, MS \\
2. & Acetic acid ethyl ester & 842 & 1.41 \(\pm\) 0.08 & nd & nd & GC, MS \\
3. & Heptanal & 898 & 0.41 \(\pm\) 0.01 & nd & nd & GC, MS \\
4. & \(\alpha\)-Pinee & 927 & 3.20 \(\pm\) 0.02 a & 1.01 \(\pm\) 0.02 b & 9.07 \(\pm\) 0.04 c & GC, MS \\
5. & Camphene & 941 & nd & nd & 0.18 \(\pm\) 0.01 & GC, MS \\
6. & Sabinene & 966 & nd & 15.72 \(\pm\) 0.22 a & 12.37 \(\pm\) 0.06 a & GC, MS \\
7. & \(\beta\)-Pinee & 969 & nd & nd & 0.74 \(\pm\) 0.00 & GC, MS \\
8. & \(\beta\)-Myrcene & 985 & 0.42 \(\pm\) 0.01 a & 1.04 \(\pm\) 0.00 b & 1.18 \(\pm\) 0.02 b & GC, MS \\
9. & Octanal & 999 & 0.49 \(\pm\) 0.032 a & nd & 0.15 \(\pm\) 0.01 a & GC, MS \\
10. & \(\alpha\)-Terpinene & 1011 & nd & 0.52 \(\pm\) 0.04 a & 0.20 \(\pm\) 0.00 a & GC, MS \\
11. & \(o\)-Cymene & 1018 & nd & 0.35 \(\pm\) 0.01 a & 0.14 \(\pm\) 0.01 b & GC, MS \\
12. & Limonene & 1022 & 74.85 \(\pm\) 0.03 a & 74.30 \(\pm\) 0.39 ab & 68.41 \(\pm\) 0.06 b & GC, MS \\
13. & \(\beta\)-Cimene & 1032 & 6.54 \(\pm\) 0.04 a & 3.72 \(\pm\) 0.04 b & 3.96 \(\pm\) 0.02 b & GC, MS \\
14. & \(\gamma\)-Terpinene & 1052 & nd & 1.23 \(\pm\) 0.05 a & 0.51 \(\pm\) 0.03 b & GC, MS \\
15. & (Z)-Sabinene hydrate & 1060 & nd & nd & 0.30 \(\pm\) 0.01 & GC, MS \\
16. & (E)-Sabinene hydrate & 1092 & nd & nd & 0.20 \(\pm\) 0.00 & GC, MS \\
17. & (Z)-\(p\)-Mentha-2,8-dien-1-ol & 1114 & 1.32 \(\pm\) 0.01 & nd & nd & GC, MS \\
18. & (Z)-Limonene oxide & 1127 & nd & nd & 0.23 \(\pm\) 0.00 & GC, MS \\
19. & (E)-Limonene oxide & 1131 & nd & nd & 0.26 \(\pm\) 0.00 & GC, MS \\
20. & Terpinen-4-ol & 1171 & nd & 1.56 \(\pm\) 0.01 a & 0.66 \(\pm\) 0.00 b & GC, MS \\
21. & Dodecane & 1181 & nd & nd & nd & GC, MS \\
22. & \(\alpha\)-Terpineol & 1184 & nd & nd & 0.37 \(\pm\) 0.00 & GC, MS \\
23. & Dodecane & 1200 & 1.07 \(\pm\) 0.03 a & 0.30 \(\pm\) 0.02 a & 0.31 \(\pm\) 0.01 a & GC, MS \\
24. & Tetradecane & 1400 & 4.28 \(\pm\) 0.25 a & 0.25 \(\pm\) 0.00 a & nd & GC, MS \\
25. & Hexadecane & 1600 & 4.11 \(\pm\) 0.08 & nd & nd & GC, MS \\ \hline  & & _Aldehydes_ & 1.60 & 0.00 & 0.15 & \\  & _Esters_ & 1.41 & 0.00 & 0.00 & & \\  & _Monoterpene hydrocarbons_ & 85.01 & 97.89 & 96.76 & & \\  & _Monoterrepals_ & 1.32 & 1.56 & 20.02 & & \\  & _Allanes_ & 9.46 & 0.55 & 0.31 & & \\ \hline \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Total chromatogram identified (\%)**} & 98.80 & 100 & 99.24 & & \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 1: GC-MS analysis of sea fennel leaf, flower, and fruit essential oils. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{l l c c c c c} \hline \hline
**No.** & **Compound** & **LRI** & **Leaves** & **Flowers** & **Fruits** & **Mode of Identification** \\ \hline
1 & \(\alpha\)-Thujene & 926 & 0.2 \(\pm\) 0.00 a & nd & 0.2 \(\pm\) 0.05 a & GC, MS \\
2 & (E)-2-Heptenal & 949 & nd & nd & 0.1 \(\pm\) 0.00 & GC, MS \\
3 & Benzaldehyde & 952 & 1.00 \(\pm\) 0.00 a & 0.7 \(\pm\) 0.00 b & 0.1 \(\pm\) 0.05 c & GC, MS \\
4 & Sabinene & 971 & 0.2 \(\pm\) 0.00 a & 0.3 \(\pm\) 0.00 a & 0.2 \(\pm\) 0.00 a & GC, MS \\
5 & \(\alpha\)-Phellandrene & 1001 & 1.00 \(\pm\) 0.00 a & 0.8 \(\pm\) 0.00 b & 1.1 \(\pm\) 0.05 a & GC, MS \\
6 & \(\alpha\)-Terpinene & 1012 & 0.45 \(\pm\) 0.05 a & 0.7 \(\pm\) 0.00 b & 0.4 \(\pm\) 0.00 a & GC, MS \\
7 & \(p\)-Cymene & 1021 & 0.55 \(\pm\) 0.05 a & nd & 1.3 \(\pm\) 0.05 b & GC, MS \\
8 & \(\beta\)-Phellandrene & 1025 & 0.85 \(\pm\) 0.05 a & 1 \(\pm\) 0.05 a & 0.4 \(\pm\) 0.00 b & GC, MS \\
9 & 1.8-Cineole & 1027 & 0.5 \(\pm\) 0.4 a & nd & 0.3 \(\pm\) 0.1 a & GC, MS \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 2: HS-SPME-GC-MS analysis of sea fennel leaf, flower, and fruit hydrolates. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{l l c c c c c} \hline \hline
**No.