## 3 Experimental
### Characterization and Photocatalytic Activity Evaluation  
A transmission electron microscope (TEM, JEM-2010, JEOL Company, Tokyo Metropolitan, Japan) was performed at an accelerating voltage of 200 kV to observe the dispersion behavior of TC in the pores of PP and the pore size of PP. A scanning electronic microscope (SEM, JSM 5600 LV, JEOL Company, Tokyo Metropolitan, Japan) was employed at an accelerating voltage of 30 kV to examine the microstructure of TiO\({}_{2}\), TC, and PPTC. Prior to SEM observation, the surfaces of the specimens were spray-coated with gold. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns of the as-prepared TiO\({}_{2}\), TC, and PPTC were obtained with a D/max 2550 V X-ray diffractometer (Philips, Amsterdam, Holland; Cu \(K_{\alpha}\) radiation, \(\lambda\)= 1.54178 A). The ultraviolet-visible light (UV-vis) absorbance spectra of TiO\({}_{2}\), TC, and PPTC were measured over the wavelength range of 200-800 nm with a Cary 100 spectrophotometer. A fluorescence spectrometer (F-2700, Hitachi Company, Tokyo, Japan) was utilized to evaluate the fluorescent performances of TiO\({}_{2}\), TC, and PPTC in the wavelength range of 220-730 nm. N\({}_{2}\) physisorption of the as-fabricated samples were performed with a chemisorption surface area analyzer (JW-BK 222) at -196 \({}^{\circ}\)C for determining the BET (Brunauer, Emmett and Teller) surface area. Before the sorption measurements, the samples were outgassed at 200 \({}^{\circ}\)C for 1 h. The reduction behavior of TiO\({}_{2}\) and Cu\({}^{2+}\) in the photocatalysts and the interactions between them were examined by monitoring the temperature-programmed reduction of H\({}_{2}\) (H\({}_{2}\)-TPR) with a hydrogen temperature programmed reduction instrument. X-band electron spin resonance (ESR) spectra were recorded at room temperature with an ERS-221 spectrometer to detect superoxide free radical (O\({}_{2}\) ), singlet oxygen (\({}^{1}\)O\({}_{2}\)), and hydroxyl radical (-OH) under dark and irradiation, respectively. The operation of ESR as following: 20 mg of samples was dispersed in methanol of 10 mL by ultrasonic method, the above 200 \(\mu\)L solution was taken to mix with DMPO(5.5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline N-oxide) solution (50 mM) of 200 \(\upmu\)L, then the mixture solution was placed in a quartz sample tube (5 mm O. D.) with a Young vacuum joint and a stopcock, as evacuating by a rotary pump and closed.  
The photocatalytic performances of TiO\({}_{2}\), TC, and PPTC were evaluated by monitoring the decomposition of DMF and the other organic pollutants under the irradiation of simulated sunlight and nature sunlight where the operation condition as following: simulated sunlight was got by using Xe lamp of 500 W (CHF-XM500, Perfect light) with electric current of 20 A and the distance of 30 cm between the breaker and the lamp holder, and those under nature sunlight was that the mixture solution of pollutants and photocatalyst was set in the outside platform. With DMF as a representative, 0.05 g of the photocatalyst and 50 mL of DMF solution (100 mg/L; solvent: water) were added into a 100-mL breaker. The resultant solution was magnetically stirred for 1 h to achieve adsorption saturation before illumination, followed by exposing to simulated or nature sunlight at room temperature (controlled with a constant-temperature circulating pump) for 0.5 h. Upon completion of irradiation, the aqueous solution (about 2 mL) in the reactor was transferred to a 10 mL test tube and centrifuged for about 30 min. The UV-vis absorbance spectrum of the as-centrifuged solution was recorded at a wavelength of 464 nm so as to estimate its content of residual DMF. The other organic pollutants (methyl orange, methylene blue, and phenol) were photocatalytically degraded in the same manner, and their UV-vis absorbance spectra upon completion of the photocatalytic degradation were also measured under the same condition to determine their residual content in the solution.