# A Comprehensive Digital Model Approach for Adaptive Manufacturing Systems
## 2 Materials and Methods
### Methodology
In the preparation of the model, entities in the digital model were defined along with their assigned roles. Influential events affecting the manufacturing system's operations were identified. Planned decision alternatives were visualized, and data availability from production was assessed through question blocks. The planning and scheduling of the adaptive manufacturing system were also devised. Collectively, this section underwent a thorough examination, forming the foundational basis for the adaptive manufacturing model. These insights will serve as a cornerstone for subsequent phases and the integration into the digital model, with the aim of achieving efficient and flexible production. Block B--Creation of the Digital Model (Structure and Logic):  
This stage focuses on the actual construction of the digital model. It includes the detailed design of the model's structure, how different elements interact, and the logic that governs their behavior. This phase involves translating the real-world processes, operations, and interactions of the adaptive manufacturing system into a digital format. The result is a virtual representation that mimics the behavior and characteristics of the actual system. An important step in creating a digital model was to create a suitable layout and material flows. This ensured the flexibility and efficiency of the production system. Individual properties of individual elements were implemented and events affecting the operation of the adaptive production system were properly set. Control logic was implemented to ensure the proper functioning of the system and monitoring its performance and quality. Continuous visualization of results will allow monitoring and evaluating the development and proper functioning of the system. When planning the length of simulation and number of experiments, parameters were properly set to achieve sufficient accuracy and reliability of results. It also deals with the creation of a user interface that allows easy and intuitive manipulation with the model. Overall, in this chapter, a successful digital model of an adaptive production system was created, capable of simulating and visualizing its operation and proper functioning. Steps:  
B1: Definition of omitted areas of the digital model: In this step, any areas or aspects that were not initially included in the digital model are defined. This might involve specifying particular processes, components, or interactions that were left out in the earlier stages. This step helps ensure that the digital model provides a comprehensive and accurate representation of the adaptive manufacturing system. In essence, models are developed at a certain level of abstraction and from a specific perspective. The reason for abstracting a model is that it can simplify and speed up the model this way, thereby also saving computational memory, which can be crucial for complex models of production systems. Figure 3 shows a diagram of such abstraction at a specific workstation in the digital model. B2: Insertion of objects and input data: Here, the various objects and entities that make up the adaptive manufacturing system are inserted into the digital model. This includes all relevant components, resources, tools, and products. Additionally, the required input data for running the simulation is integrated into the model, ensuring that the simulation is based on real-world parameters. B3: Creation of layout and material flows: This step involves arranging the inserted objects and entities within the digital model to mimic the physical layout of the adaptive manufacturing system. The material flows, which represent the movement of materials or products within the system, are also defined. This step is crucial for accurately simulating how materials move and interact within the production environment. Figure 3: Abstraction of competency island. B4: Implementation of individual properties: Here, the specific properties and attributes of each object or entity in the digital model are implemented.