## 5 Conclusions  
1. This research was carried out in response to the corn planting situation in the Huanghuai region. Currently, the mechanization rate of corn planting in the Huanghuai region is only 30%, and the main methods such as fertilization and pesticide spraying still rely  
Figure 27: Vehicle retrograde simulation results. (**a**) Parameters when the speed of the work vehicle is \(-2\) km/h. (**b**) Parameters when the speed of the work vehicle is \(-3\) km/h. (**c**) Parameters when the speed of the work vehicle is \(-5\) km/h. mainly on manual work. The design basis such as the 600 mm row spacing of corn planting, the hole-fertilization depth of 100-150 mm, and the spraying requirements were clearly defined, providing guidance for the subsequent design. The designed three-wheeled high-clearance working vehicle adopts new energy pure electric power and can perform precise fertilization and multi-row spraying for four rows of corn with a row spacing of 50-60 cm. The high-clearance structure not only avoids damaging seedlings, but also boosts operational efficiency by around 25%. The three-wheel structure, compared to the traditional four-wheel one, has a 30-40% smaller turning radius, enhancing flexibility. The fertilization unit uses a disc hole-pricking fertilizer applicator, and the spraying structure includes a parallel four-bar lifting mechanism, a three-section foldable spray frame, and a fluid system composed of a spray tank, pump, and nozzle. The design of each part effectively improves the operation efficiency and precision. Field tests showed that compared with the traditional manual method, the fertilization accuracy was increased by about 35% and the uniformity of pesticide spraying increased by about 40%. However, the current design has areas that need improvement. The foldable spraying frame's practical performance in different field conditions and over time needs to be further assessed. The disc hole-pricking device's effectiveness in various soil types and under adverse field conditions requires more investigation to guarantee consistent and accurate fertilization. 2. The vehicle is powered by six 12 V, 100 Ah lead-acid batteries. The electric system has zero emissions and is more environmentally friendly than traditional diesel systems, with the noise reduced by about 20 decibels. Its structure is simpler than that of hybrid systems, so the maintenance cost can be reduced by about 30%. The vehicle's electronic control system is divided into two functional areas of 220 V and 24 V, aiming to meet the power requirements of different components. The 220 V functional area provides power for the driving and related systems such as the 220 V, 2 kW high-torque servo motor that enables the vehicle to move. The 24 V area supplies power to low-power devices such as the steering assist motor, the wheelbase adjustment mechanism, and the lifting mechanisms of the fertilizer and spraying racks. The inverter converts the 72 V battery pack voltage into a 220 V, 50 Hz sine wave alternating current to drive the servo motor. The function of adjusting the motor speed through the speed rotary button, foot switch, and emergency stop button provides flexibility and control for the operation. The working width adjustment is managed by two fixed electric cylinder rods on the rear wheel bracket and jointly controlled by the panel buttons and limit switch, ensuring that the fertilizer unit reaches the optimal row spacing of the corn. In harsh environments such as high temperature, high humidity, and sandstorms, the triggering accuracy of the limit switch system still remains above 95%. However, the control system also has its limitations. In the complex agricultural environment, changes in temperature and humidity will affect the performance and service life of electrical components. The subsequent design can adopt waterproof, dustproof, and heat dissipation measures, such as a sealed waterproof electrical cabinet, cooling fan, and temperature sensor, to improve the reliability and adaptability of the control system. 3.