## 1 Introduction  
Modern large-scale precision coordinate measurement technology is an interdisciplinary subject that encompasses electronics, optics, sensors, and computer technology. It is extensively applied in the industrial measurement fields of large-scale equipment manufacturing such as aircraft assembly, particle accelerators, and rocket sled tests [1]. During aircraft assembly, it is essential to unify components under a high-precision three-dimensional coordinate measurement control network for real-time monitoring and correction of overall accuracy. Particle accelerators consist of thousands of complex and precision components, the installation of which demands rigorous precision measurement techniques and methods for global accuracy control. In rocket sled tests, the sled's speed and acceleration are indirectly measured through the measurement of positional coordinates along one side of the track, which establishes a high-precision three-dimensional control network that plays a crucial role in evaluating the performance of inertial navigation systems. Additionally, large-scale precision coordinate measurement holds promising prospects for application in engineering measurement involving high-rise buildings and transportation infrastructure over long distances. With the advancement of technology and the requirements of large-scale engineering measurement, large-scale coordinate measurement systems are increasingly utilized in the precision positioning, collimation measurements, adjustment assembly, installation maintenance, and structural verification of large equipment [2]. Due to the limited measuring range of a single measurement device, as the working distance increases, the measurement error of a single measurement device also increases, highlighting the contradiction between range and precision [3; 4; 5; 6]. For large-scale coordinate measurement schemes, a network measurement approach using multiple devices is often adopted. The Unified Spatial Metrology Network (USMN) technology [7] has gradually developed, primarily to solve the network adjustment problems of various spherical coordinate measurement systems (such as laser trackers, total stations, and laser theodolites). [PERSON] has formed a distributed coordinate measurement system, the indoor GPS system, in a 10 m \(\times\) 10 m \(\times\) 1.5 m measurement space, with a coordinate measurement uncertainty of about \(\pm\)1 mm at a 95% confidence level [8]. Although the precision of the iGPS system is not affected by the measuring range, the system is not suitable for outdoor measurements and requires certain environmental conditions. The larger the measurement range, the more devices are needed for networking, thus increasing the cost. [PERSON] used a laser tracker to establish a three-dimensional control network in FRIB tunnel, which is approximately 170 m in length. In the tunnel, 30 station positions were set to measure 306 target points, achieving one sigma value each in the x, y, and z directions of 16 \(\upmu\)m, 26 \(\upmu\)m, and 34 \(\upmu\)m, respectively, after adjustment [9]. [PERSON] et al. proposed a method to establish a control network for accelerator tunnels using total station angle observations and the high-precision ranging values of the laser tracker, completing the measurement in a 230 m circular accelerator using an angle intersection measurement method and achieving an overall planar accuracy of 66 \(\upmu\)m [10]. [PERSON] et al. used a total station and a multilateral measurement system to build a global measurement network, completing the measurement tasks at the Geodetic Observatory Wettzell, within a range of 73 m. The standard deviations of the reference points in the x, y, and z directions were 0.06 mm, 0.04 mm, and 0.10 mm, respectively [11].