# Applications of Digital Twin across Industries: A Review
## 15 Conclusions  
DT technology presents an opportunity to integrate the physical world and virtual world, which can be utilized in addressing the challenges faced by different industries from aeronautics to maritime and from manufacturing to retail. There has been objective progress since the inception of DT technology (Figure 5), however, practical applications and implementations of the technology in the industry remain uncharted territory. Industries such as manufacturing, which pioneer DTs, are leveraging the technology the most by offering improved products by collecting, analyzing, and interpreting data from the DT and retrofitting it to products in the market. The applications of DTs for any product can be realized through its lifecycle, from design to disposal, be it in the manufacturing or in the construction. The benefits of DTs, such as remote monitoring and maintenance, have been realized by industries, especially after the COVID-19 pandemic outbreak in 2020. Companies such as GE have saved USD 1.5 B using the real-time monitoring capabilities of DTs, resulting in lower operation and maintenance costs [179]. Table 3 summarizes the applications and advantages of DTs in each sector. It concisely shows the commonality and contrasting application of DTs in different sectors, along with the benefits it brings to the respective sectors. In broader terms, the applications in different sectors can be summarized as (Figure 6):  
* Optimization
* Decision making
* Remote access
* Training and documentation
* Designing/planning
* Real-time monitoringThe diverse applications of DTs make them a helpful tool, irrespective of the industry it is being used in. This paper identified 13 industries that are leveraging the technology and reported real-world industrial cases of DT applications that are driving the respective industry forward. Even though the technology has so many advantages, it comes with many challenges too, such as it being a novel technology, its cost and time for implementation, a lack of standards and regulations, and security concerns. These challenges associated with DT technology along with its future have already been discussed in detail in a previous paper [2]. Even though the actual implementation of the DT in these industries is unrealized, speculation of its potential spurs sways with freedom in the imagination of futurists and technologists driving it forward. Therefore, identifying and understanding the potential of DTs in any sector and implementing them for the right application is important as it offers numerous advantages, from simulation and prediction capabilities to record keeping and troubleshooting. Figure 5: Evolution of DT applications (2022*). Figure 6: Applications of DTs in different sectors. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c} \hline \hline
**Sector** & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**DT Application**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Advantages**} \\ \hline \multirow{8}{*}{**Aerospace and Aeronautics**} & \(\bullet\) & Optimizing performance and reliability of the & \\  & spacecraft/aircraft & \(\bullet\) & Safer missions \\  & \(\bullet\) & Predicting and resolving maintenance issues & \(\bullet\) & Maximizes the mission success.