## 3 Problem Statement  
The AODV [19], being a reactive protocol, starts the route formation when the source node has some data for transmission. The AODV maintains and uses the same routing information as long as the transmission lasts or the route remains stable. It makes use of broadcasted RREQ messages to form paths and, upon receiving these RREQs, the intermediate nodes can forward them further or respond on behalf of the destination, in the case of them having a fresh path to the destination node, with an RREP message. The RREP is sent as a unicast message to the source node using information gathered by intermediate nodes. This process also helps the intermediate nodes to learn about the forward and reverse path between the communicating nodes. Other than using this information for data transmission, it could also be used for transmitting error notifications in the form of an RERR message. This approach helps in reducing the control traffic in the network, which, in turn, gives it an edge over proactive routing protocols used by MANETs.  
In AODV, the intermediate nodes and destination node process the RREQs only once per request ID, so formation multiple routes are not taken into consideration. In the case of high node mobility of intermediate nodes or sparsely populated networks, the route breakage could be frequent, which can lead to loss of control packets or data packets. Therefore, in the case of mission critical operations, the basic purpose of the network formation could be defeated. In addition, if malicious nodes are present in the network, they could respond to the RREQ messages and successfully become part of the transmission path. This may affect the network performance adversely and could be a threat in terms of confidentiality, integrity of data packets and availability of network resources. Relatively recent AODV literature suggests that the use of a single path for transmission reduces the delay and excessive control data, but, in adverse network conditions, this could make the network crumble. Hence, the question arises as to how such situations should be dealt with. It is equally important that the confidentiality and integrity of the transmission should be upheld, for which there is no inbuilt mechanism available in AODV. The protocol should be capable of scaling up without much dependency on the presence of CAs or key management systems for the authorization of joining nodes.  
In reference to existing literature, the existing solutions for secure routing are based on the assumptions of the existing trusted server, CAs for key management, or prior knowledge of security secrets of nodes that contradict the basic character of the MANETs. If the dynamic nature of intermediate nodes is taken into consideration during the routing phase, an extra computational load is imposed on the nodes. As in Figure 1, there are different multi paths available, but most of the protocols take only the shortest one as final. So, if a node is tampered with or overpowered to perform malicious activities, the transmission task can be hijacked. Taking into consideration such weaknesses of current techniques,the aim is to design a solution that makes use of multiple paths to perform better in adverse environments and do end-to-end message authentication.