# The Effect of Heat Sink Properties on Solar Cell Cooling Systems
## 5 Tendency of Heat Sink Properties
In general, the higher the conductivity value, the higher the ability to transfer heat. The resulting temperature difference for each material combination was not too large. The temperature drop that occurs between the highest and lowest conditions was 5.3 \({}^{\circ}\)C. Changes in conductivity values will be effective in extreme heat conditions. The cooling capacity is affected by the conductivity value of the materials. The cooling capability affects the value of the short circuit current (_Isc_) and open-circuit voltage (_Voc_). _Isc_ and _Voc_ values affect the efficiency of the solar cell. Moreover, the copper-copper material has the lowest temperature, which affects the resulting _Voc_ and _Isc_ values. The lower the temperature value, the higher the _Voc_ and  
Figure 8: The relationship between solar intensity and temperature of photovoltaic solar panels. Figure 7: Wind speed vector (**a**) without cooling (**b**) no fins, (**c**) 5 fins, (**d**) 10 fins, and (**e**) 15 fins. _Isc_ values. Figures 9 and 10 show the effect of cooling on the _Isc_ value. Changes in the _Isc_ and _Voc_ values affect the power generated by the solar cell. The increase in power changes the efficiency of the solar cell. The increase in power is influenced by changes in the _Isc_ and _Voc_ values. The current generated by solar cells is influenced by the intensity of light. Figure 11 shows that low temperatures produced the highest _Isc_ and _Voc_. The copper-copper material produces the highest _Isc_ and _Voc_. Figure 11: The effect of changing the power (_Isc_ vs. _Voc_) on any change in material. Figure 10: \(V_{OC}\) from the material change. Figure 9: _Isc_ from the material change. Heat sinks in solar panels can increase the rate of heat transfer from solar panels to the surrounding air. The use of a heat sink with Al-Al can reduce the temperature by up to 5.4 \({}^{\circ}\)C compared to a solar panel without cooling. The temperature drop for the use of Al-Cu, Cu-Al, and Cu-Cu heat sinks is 6.9, 9.0, and 10.9 \({}^{\circ}\)C, respectively. The decrease that occurs between materials is not too significant. Figure 12 shows the best efficiency found for copper-copper materials. Copper-copper heat sinks had the best efficiency at all test intensities. This is influenced by the higher thermal conductivity value of copper than aluminum. The trend of decreasing temperature due to the addition of a heat sink is shown by the modeling results. The simulation results show that the copper material provided better cooling than aluminum. The temperature change from the simulation results is shown in Figure 3:0 The material changes made can reduce the working temperature of the solar cell. However, material changes did not result in significant differences in results. Another means of increasing the cooling capacity is by expanding the contact area. The expansion of this heat transfer area will increase the rate of transfer by conduction and convection from the solar panels to the surrounding environment. Figure 3:1 Efficiency vs. temperature change. Figure 3:2 Modelling vs. experiment. The application of a passive cooling system can reduce the working temperature. The temperature greatly affects the efficiency of a solar cell. The receipt of excessive light intensity by the solar cell results in more energy being converted into heat which affects the solar cell's ability. The use of the right parameters provides good cooling performance. The material of the heat sink affects its cooling ability during operation. However, the influence of the material is not significant. The effect of the material is highly influenced by the material's conductivity. When the material indicates an increase in temperature, the material's conductivity properties decrease. In the case of a less extreme temperature increase, the change in conductivity was smaller. The number of fins used has a greater impact on heat dissipation performance. The use of a large number of fins expands the contact area with air. This improved the existing cooling performance.