## 5 Discussion
### The Role of the HCI-CH Relationship and Entanglements in CH Re-Contextualization  
The four case studies show the diverging and complex variety of HCI-CH projects, including the broad range of contexts, technologies, and people and, thereby, the emerging roles of technology as a mediator of social interactions and a vehicle for cultural expression. In comparison, none of the case studies is about HCI per se, but they concern its roles in re-contextualizing CH and in articulating social relationships and communications around it. These new roles are significant for revealing the entanglements between technologies and the various human and non-human world elements increasingly acknowledged as, or pertaining to, CH.  
What emerges out of those case studies is a new reality where HCI and CH are largely _entangled_[140,141]: On the one hand, HCI becomes, and partially is already, instrumental in mediating the re-contextualization of CH, including its discovery, articulation, and documentation. On the other hand, HCI pervades culture to such an extent that it becomes CH itself (see case studies 3-4 and Figure 6). In line with this, we refer to [PERSON] [142]'s work, which pointed out that the mere use of an instrument to observe an event changes the very nature of the event itself and, consequently, the interpretations we may make of both. The event, observation device, and observation data are intrinsically related in an existential way: the very existence of each is only understood in relationship to the another [142]. They do not take part in interaction (which implies their nature as pre-existing, independent entities) but in _intra_-action, a term that points to their co-constitution. Likewise, there are a growing number of voices alluding to a shift currently underway, whereby technologies can no longer be interpreted in isolation as an interaction between humans and computers but rather must be understood relative to everything else around them [141], in what has been referred to as the \"Fourth Wave of HCI\" [140].  
The shift not only challenges CH conventions through the increased potential for interaction, participation, and analysis offered by HCI tools, but also exposes HCI practice, purpose, and ethics to the critical lens of heritage, cultural, and decolonial studies [143], and thus subjects them to scrutiny and reevaluation. This includes the reevaluation of artificial intelligence algorithms to ensure inclusive data sets and processing that represent the target society as discussed in [PERSON] and [PERSON] [144], enabling access to digital legacies of our ancestors, as approached by, e.g., [PERSON] and [PERSON] [128], whether a community's cultural identity is appropriately represented in an interaction design [13,14], etc. While researchers are already working on individual aspects related to these open questions, the changes are too broad, complex, and nontransparent to provide an exhaustive list. Furthermore, these different roles and entanglements require a shift in perspective and preservation of computer-mediated cultures and digital identities. It poses new challenges to the HCI-CH relationship, such as developing preservation practices for, e.g., digital or hybrid legacies and artifacts, emphasizing the need for continuous research on this HCI-CH entanglement.