# Antioxidant, Antibacterial, and Cosmeceutical Potential of Four Common Edible Mushrooms
## 3 Results and Discussion  
### Phenolic Contents and In Vitro Antioxidant Capacity  
The TPC, _ortho_-diphenylols, and flavonoids present in the ethanolic extracts of the studied species are shown in Table 1. Regarding the TPC contents, all extracts were significantly different from each other (\(p\) < 0.05). The extract of _B. edulis_ had the highest TPC values followed by _A. bisporus_, while _L. edodes_ and _P. ostreatus_ extracts presented the lowest contents. [PERSON] et al. [19] quantified the TPC levels of _A. bisporus_, both white and Portobello varieties, and _L. edodes_, obtaining similar values to ours. In a previous investigation, _B. edulis_ also presented the highest contents of phenolics, followed by _A. bisporus_ and then by _P. ostreatus_[18]; nevertheless, the TPC levels obtained were lower than ours. [PERSON] et al. [20] evaluated the TPC levels in the aqueous and methanolic extracts of two varieties of _L. edodes_, Donko and Koshin, obtaining lower TPC levels compared to our results, except in the aqueous extract of the var Koshin, which was similar. In another work of [PERSON] et al. [21], the TPC values of _B. edulis_ aqueous and methanolic extracts were considerably higher than ours. Concerning the _ortho_-diphenylols (Table 1), both _B. edulis_ and _L. edodes_ extracts showed the highest contents (\(p\) < 0.05), differing significantly from _A. bisporus_ and _P. ostreatus_. In the work of [PERSON] et al. [20], the contents of _ortho_-diphenylols found in thetwo varieties of \(L\). _edodes_ were considerably lower compared to ours, independently of the extraction solvent used to obtain the extract. In turn, [PERSON] et al. [21], showed that the _ortho_-diphenyl values in _B. edulis_ aqueous and methanolic extracts were much higher than ours. The use of different extraction approaches may be responsible in part for the differences between our results and those obtained in previous studies for both TPC and _ortho_-diphenyl, which influence the concentrations of these two parameters. Regarding the flavonoid levels, _A. bisporus_ extract had the highest contents (_p_ < 0.05), while _P. ostreatus_ displayed the lowest values. All extracts were significantly different from each other (_p_ < 0.05). [PERSON] et al. [18] showed that _B. edulis_ had the highest flavonoid content, followed by _A. bisporus_ and then by _P. ostreatus_. To evaluate the capacity of the mushroom extracts to scavenge ABTS radical cation (ABTS+) and DPPH radical (DPPH-) and to reduce ferric (III) iron to ferrous (II) iron, in vitro antioxidant activity assays (Table 1) were performed. Globally, for the three assays, the extract of _A. bisporus_ presented the best results (_p_ < 0.05), followed by _B. edulis_, _L. edodes_, and then by _P. ostreatus_, which presented the lowest antioxidant capacity. For the ABTS and DPPH assays, all extracts showed significant differences between them (_p_ < 0.05), while in the FRAP assay, _A. bisporus_ and _B. edulis_ had similar reducing powers. [PERSON] et al. [19] also showed that _A. bisporus_ has a higher antioxidant capacity compared to _L. edodes_. Furthermore, [PERSON] et al. [37] demonstrated that _A. bisporus_ methanolic extracts provided the highest DPPH values versus _L. edodes_ and _P. ostreatus_. In another study, _A. bisporus_ and _P. ostreatus_ ethanolic extracts had the highest DPPH values and reducing power, while _L. edodes_ exhibited the lowest antioxidant activity [29]. In general, the extracts of _A. bisporus_ and _B. edulis_ stand out from the other two mushroom species due to their high phenolic contents and antioxidant capacity, while _P. ostreatus_ always had the lower levels. Despite this, all mushroom extracts showed a phenolic-rich composition and antioxidant capacity, making them suitable to be incorporated, for example, into functional foods [23; 38]. In fact, the mushroom supplementation of bakery products, pasta, noodles, or rice porridge has been addressed in a few studies [38; 39; 40; 41; 42; 43]. The addition of _A. bisporus_, _L. edodes_, and _B.