## 5 Conclusions  
This article presents a systematic literature review (SLR) that summarizes previous research on the hybrid method of evaluating the indirect impacts of floods on the transportation network, which is becoming increasingly important due to the rising incidence of floods worldwide. The review's scope was clearly defined to answer specific research questions. Relevant databases were systematically searched, and the articles within the defined scope were manually curated against the selection criteria. Furthermore, this study highlights the research gaps in this field. Climate change is causing an increase in the frequency of different types of flooding, leading to more severe negative consequences. Furthermore, the rapid growth of cities in terms of population, complexity, and size is exacerbating the problem. Collaborative efforts are required to address the interdisciplinary challenges associated with the flooding of transportation infrastructures. To enhance resilience and sustainability, it is necessary to develop new structures and upgrade existing ones. In addition, research is needed to make detailed assessments of the vulnerabilities. The SLR provided in this article highlights the effectiveness of the hybrid method in assessing the impact of floods on transportation networks. To apply this method on a global scale and at various spatial scales, developing a comprehensive tool based could be a potential avenue for future research in this field. Different adaptations and combinations of the hybrid method should be defined for different types of floods and transportation networks to achieve optimal results. Additionally, the SLR conducted in this article reveals that the impact of flooding on multimodal transportation systems worldwide has not received enough attention in the academic community, despite their crucial role in supporting the daily lives of the population. In conclusion, strengthening transportation resilience and sustainability following floods is crucial. The findings of this study can aid government agencies and emergency services in analyzing the indirect impacts of flooding on transportation systems and developing effective management and contingency plans. Furthermore, this SLR is useful in identifying the best options for developing an automated tool. Conceptualization, F.J.S. and J.C.M. ; Methodology, F.J.S. and P.R. ; Validation, P.R. and J.C.M. ; Formal Analysis, F.J.S. and P.R. ; Investigation, F.J.S. ; Resources, F.J.S. ; Data Curation, P.R. ; Writing--Original Draft Preparation, F.J.S. ; Writing--Review and Editing, J.C.M. and P.R. ; Visualization, P.R. ; Supervision, J.C.M. ; Project Administration, J.C.M. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript. This research received no external funding. All data is provided in full in the results section of this paper. The first author would like to thank FCT--Portuguese Scientific Foundation for the research grant 2020.06035.BD. The authors declare no conflict of interest. Answers to the research questions according to the reviewed articles. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c c} \hline
**Article** & **RQ1** & **RQ2** & **RQ3** & **RQ4** & **RQ5** & **RQ6** & **RQ7** \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{Sohn [34]} & Maryland, USA/Regional scale & Hypothetical flood disruption & - & - & Road & \begin{tabular}{c} Accessibility index \\ composition of distance and \\ traffic volume \\ \end{tabular}  & Microscopic \\ \hline [PERSON] et al. [29] & Athens, Greece/City scale & Pluvial & - & Dynamic & Road & \begin{tabular}{c} Additional travel time and \\ distance and \\ speed drops \\ \end{tabular}  & Macroscopic \\ \hline [PERSON] et al. [52] & Sukhumvit & & & & & \begin{tabular}{c} Additional travel \\ time and \\ distance \\ \end{tabular}  & Macroscopic \\ [PERSON] et al. & district, Bangkok, Thailand/City scale & Pluvial & - & \begin{tabular}{c} Dynamic and \\ Static \\ \end{tabular}  & Road & \begin{tabular}{c} Additional travel \\ time and \\ distance \\ \end{tabular}  & Macroscopic \\ \hline [PERSON].