# Adaptability of Buildings: A Critical Review on the Concept Evolution
## 2 Materials and Methods
### Stages of Systematic Review Protocol
#### 2.2.1 Planning
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c} \hline
**Protocol Stages** & **Protocol Steps** & **Research Aspects** \\ \hline  & \multirow{4}{*}{Background to review} & Problem: building obsolescence due to emerging needs and contextual changes. \\  & & Rational: building adaptability has provided multiple strategies to address multiple challenges related to changes of contextual conditions. \\  & & Initial \&Vbat makes adaptability of buildings essential in addressing change? \\ \cline{2-3}  & & Primary objective: \\  & & \(\mathbb{I}\)-Exploring the evolution of the concept and its underpinning theories and interpretations. \\  & & \(2\)–Identifying design enablers for adaptable buildings. \\  & & \(3\)–Identifying recent development of building adaptability and investigating strategies for implementation in the lights of current trends and technologies. \\  & & \(4\)–Identifying gaps and potential opportunities for future consideration. \\
1. Planning & & \(\bullet\) What is meant by adaptability? \\  & & \(\bullet\) What are the various interpretations of the concept within the scope of built environment? \\  & & \(\bullet\) Adapule but (change factors)? \\  & & \(\bullet\) What are the types/dimensions of adaptability in buildings? \\  & & \(\bullet\) What is the difference between adaptability and flexibility? \\  & & \(\bullet\) How did the concept emerge in the built environment? \\  & & \(\bullet\) What are the system specifications that make a building adaptable? \\  & & \(\bullet\) What facilitate a building’s adaptability in terms of design? \\  & & \(\bullet\) What are the current trends and strategies that promote the implementation of the concept? \\  & & \(\bullet\) What are the opportunities to improve the adaptability of buildings? \\ \hline  & \multirow{4}{*}{Criteria for selecting studies} & Context built environment, particularly individual buildings and buildings’ components \\  & & Interventions, mechanisms, and outcomes strategies, theories, practical examples, concepts, principles, guidelines, recommendations \\  & & Types of studies; both qualitative and quantitative \\ \cline{2-3}
2. Processing & & Databases: El Bui Web of Science, Scopus, and Science Direct (Table 2) \\  & & Integrating 2015 to present time of the study \\  & & Keywords: adaptable building, adaptive building, adaptability of buildings, building adaptability, building adaptation, adaptive reuse, design for adaptability \\  & & Building adaptation, adaptive reuse, design for adaptability \\  & & Language: English only \\  & & Article type: indeed journal papers, conference proceedings, books, book chapters. \\  & & Gray literature; included \\ \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 1: Systematic literature review protocol for this study. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c} \hline
**Protocol Stages** & **Protocol Steps** & **Research Aspects** \\ \hline
3. Analysis & Eligibility & Inclusion/exclusion criteria; (Table 3) \\ \cline{2-3}  & Quality appraisal & The quality of papers is assessed by the three reviewers and the paper is included when approved by at least two of them \\ \hline
4. Extraction and Reporting & Data collection & Full test of eligible articles is screened and analyzed; meanwhile, more sources and studies are added at this stage. The data extraction corresponds to three themes \(1\). concept interpretation, \(2\). dimensions and overlapping concepts, \(3\). promoting models and design enablers \\ \hline  & Results synthesis & Type of synthesis: interpretation of results under descriptive and exploratory analysis of the bibliographical research content \\ \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 1: Cost. Since the literature on adaptability of buildings is significantly broad and diverse, the initial research question was broken down into subquestions to establish a focus that is specific enough to be addressed in a systematic review. The following subquestions were formulated to facilitate the development of the review methods:  
* What is meant by adaptability?