## 4 Discussion  
At the beginning of the article, we posed three questions: what activities could be implemented in pre-adolescent stages, so our students achieve higher quality learning using AR? What was the students' perception of the real applications of using this technique? Moreover, is it possible to implement AR within the framework of a theoretical model that would improve the effectiveness and motivation to learn? We believe, according to objectives, all these questions have received a relevant response. This was due to the design of the study itself, which took all possible details into account in its articulation process, in planning activities designed for the subject areas, in its theoretical and practical justification by means of an adaptation of the 3P and ARCS models, through the use of motivational strategies, and with the greatest possible reliability and validity in data collection to attempt to assess the student body's perceptions. First, both the reliability and the validity study of the questionnaire content returned satisfactory results. Along these lines, the expert assessment and the pilot study provided ample assurance that the questionnaire complied with the proposed intervention model and the variables analyzed. Hence, the data collected in the questionnaire is suitable to respond to the research questions. Figure 5: Mean of students’ scores for the item “Using AR to learn these types of curricular contents seems useful to me”, for each area. Secondly, after analyzing the students' assessment of AR's usefulness as a technique for teaching and learning within the framework of the 3P model in each construct overall and according to gender, the results were very positive for all constructs. Notwithstanding this, within each construct the assessment of some items were more notable than others. The results from the teaching construct showed that AR can enable teaching to be undertaken as a discovery of contents where the teacher acts as a guide and allows knowledge acquisition to be adapted to the areas being taught. Specifically, the most promising results were found in item 2, which indicates that AR might provide another way, alongside books and notes, for the teacher to teach. One of the questions that now arises is whether AR will be able to provide short-term changes to teaching methodology, given that participants stated that one idea would be to alternate between traditional textbook teaching and notes and this new form of teaching. From the analysis of the results for the learning construct, it appears that AR can heighten students' attention and motivation, helps them to understand content better, increases classroom participation, promotes student collaboration and enhances the quality of learning and studying. However, even though all scores were high, the highest were obtained in the assessment referring to motivation and attention, coinciding with other studies mentioned [9; 21]. Specifically, the study carried out by [PERSON] et al. [21] also examined the ARCS model [27], analyzing four motivational factors and concluded that the attention and satisfaction categories are rated higher using AR as a learning environment in comparison to other settings. In our study, the attention factor was considered to capture students' interest in AR and stimulate their curiosity to learn, while the satisfaction category was used in completing the final questionnaire, resolving uncertainties, and proposing improvements. Regarding the different areas of the core curriculum, the results were again interesting, especially for Natural Sciences, where the scores were highest for the use of AR for the content dealing with the prevention and consumption of drugs. It was also shown that this technique can be successful when teaching fractions in Mathematics as it facilitates their reading, interaction, comprehension and solution. Noteworthy results were also found in Social Sciences in the area of the country's cultural and historical heritage and when studying the main European capitals.