## 5 Conclusions  
Spatio-temporal mismatches between EC and RS footprints are a recognized challenge to model terrestrial biospheric fluxes. In this paper, we analyzed the impact of these mismatches on \(\mathit{GPP}_{\mathrm{hh}}\) estimation in a heterogeneous TGE. Results suggest that these ecosystems could behave quite homogeneously at mid-low spatial resolutions such as the one of the EC footprint; and that the impact of such mismatches could be lower than inaccurate characterization of \(\varepsilon\) and/or \(f_{\mathit{PAR}}\). Inadequate modeling of these parameters is partly due to model formulation; however, we hypothesize that, in heterogeneous ecosystems, such as TGE, the combination of vegetation types with very different eco-physiological responses and a complex structure could introduce large uncertainties. Remote modeling of carbon fluxes in TGE ecosystems should aim to separate contributions and dynamics of trees and grasses, and account for the impact of the 3-D structure on\(f_{\mathit{PAR}}\). The following are available online at www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/9/6/608/s1. Table S1: Characteristics of the eleven overpasses of the CASI imagery acquired in the Majadas del Tietar research area. **Acknowledgments:** The authors of this work are very grateful to the INTA crew and operators for all the support in the organization of field campaigns and data processing. We are also grateful to all the technical and scientific staff involved in research and maintenance activities in the Majadas del Tietar site, especially those from CEAM, MPI-BGC, SpecLab-CSIC and University of Plasencia. We would like to acknowledge COST Action OPTIMISE for funding a [PERSON]'s Short Scientific Mission at DISAT (University of Milano-Bicocca) and all the DISAT colleagues that supported this stay. We are also grateful to [PERSON] for the organization of the 2012 campaign. This research was funded by the following projects: FLUxPEC \"Monitoring changes in water and carbon fluxes from remote and proximal sensing in a Mediterranean _dehesa_ ecosystem\" ([[http://www.lineas.cchs.csic.es/fluxpec](http://www.lineas.cchs.csic.es/fluxpec)]([http://www.lineas.cchs.csic.es/fluxpec](http://www.lineas.cchs.csic.es/fluxpec))) (CGL2012-34383, Spanish Ministryof Economy and Competitiveness), DEHESHyrE Transnational Access Project (EUFAR), MaNip \"MAnipulation Nitrogen and Phosporous\" ([[https://www.bgc-jena.mpg.de/bgi/index.php/Research/ManipProject](https://www.bgc-jena.mpg.de/bgi/index.php/Research/ManipProject)]([https://www.bgc-jena.mpg.de/bgi/index.php/Research/ManipProject](https://www.bgc-jena.mpg.de/bgi/index.php/Research/ManipProject))) (MPI-BGC and the Alexander Von Humsboldt Foundation through the Markus Reichstein Prize), BIOSPEC \"Linking spectral information at different spatial scales with biophysical parameters of Mediterranean vegetation in the context of Global Change\" ([[http://www.lines.cds.cs.cs/biospec](http://www.lines.cds.cs.cs/biospec)]([http://www.lines.cds.cs.cs/biospec](http://www.lines.cds.cs.cs/biospec))) (CGL2008-02301/CLI, Ministry of Science and Innovation) and CEOS-Spain ([[http://cosspani.pii.us/.ues/home/project](http://cosspani.pii.us/.ues/home/project)]([http://cosspani.pii.us/.ues/home/project](http://cosspani.pii.us/.ues/home/project))) (AYA2011-29334-C02-01, Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness), FLUyEC: \"Monitoring changes in water and carbon fluxes from remote and proximal sensing in Mediterranean \"dehesa\" ecosystem \"([[http://www.lineas.cds.cs.es/fluxpec](http://www.lineas.cds.cs.es/fluxpec)]([http://www.lineas.cds.cs.es/fluxpec](http://www.lineas.cds.cs.es/fluxpec))) (CGL2012-34383, Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness); and the EnMAP project MoReDEHEISHyRes \"Modelling Responses of Dehesas with Hyperspectral Remote Sensing\" (Contract No.