# Cybersecurity of Microgrid: State-of-the-Art Review and Possible Directions of Future Research
## 3 The Cybersecurity Aspects of Microgrid
### Security Issues in Microgrid  
Understanding various threats and weaknesses that exist in the microgrid system helps us to present the potential security issues in microgrid using layered approach, as summarized in Table 3. In this section, we derive the attributes for every enclave and identify potential security issues in microgrid, following the guidelines by [45]. As resiliency is an important characteristic of a microgrid, introducing security solutions might introduce unwanted consequence that disturbs microgrid's resiliency. When considering security solutions for microgrid as a cyber physical system, a tool that gives a quantitative measure is needed so that the microgrid's resiliency can be quantified as per its definition. CyPhyR [46] is a tool that measures microgrid's resiliency based on the cyber security exercises. The tool has two stages: (1) planning phase and (2) operational phase. The planning phase involves a study on impacts of various components in the microgrid towards microgrid's resiliency and the operational phase quantify the microgrid's resiliency based on the defined Cyber Impact Severity metric. Generally, the Common Vulnerability Scoring System (CVSS) [47] s used to measure technical vulnerabilities and provide the impact based on only qualitative measures such as high, medium, and low. It can be used to get a high level picture of microgrid systems security. There are also tools to measure the properties of network resiliency in general such as [48; 49; 50; 51]. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c} \hline
**Endave** & Characteristic & **Attitudes** & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Potential Security Issues**} \\ \hline
**DG sources** & & & Availability requirements. & **Hardware:** improper installation of DG devices or equipment, improper measurement, and command validation, battery operated devices, lack of security policy to device operation and maintenance. \\  & & & & \\  & & & & \\  & & & & \\  & & & & \\  & & & & \\  & & & & \\  & & & & \\  & & & & \\  & & & & \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{Energy storage} & \multirow{4}{*}{1.} & \multirow{4}{*}{1.} & \multirow{4}{*}{1.} & \multirow{4}{*}{1.} & \multirow{4}{*}{1.} & \multirow{4}{*}{1.} & \multirow{4}{*}{1.} \\  & & & & & \\  & & & & & \\  & & & & & \\  & & & & & \\  & & & & & \\  & & & & & \\  & & & & & \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{Energy storage} & \multirow{4}{*}{1.} & \multirow{4}{*}{1.} & \multirow{4}{*}{1.} & \multirow{4}{*}{1.} & \multirow{4}{*}{1.} & \multirow{4}{*}{1.} \\  & & & & & \\  & & & & & \\  & & & & & \\  & & & & & \\  & & & & & \\  & & & & & \\  & & & & & \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{Energy storage} & \multirow{4}{*}{1.} & \multirow{4}{*}{1.} & \multirow{4}{*}{1.} & \multirow{4}{*}{1.} & \multirow{4}{*}{1.} \\  & & & & & \\  & & & & & \\  & & & & & \\  & & & & & \\  & & & & & \\  & & & & & \\  & & & & & \\  & & & & & \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{Distribution system} & \multirow{4}{*}{Three power electronics interfaces available for connecting the energy generated from the distributed sources to the distribution network.} & \multirow{4}{*}{1.} & \multirow{4}{*}{1.} & \multirow{4}{*}{1.} & \multirow{4}{*}{1.} \\  & & & & & \\  & & & & & \\ \cline{1-1} \cline{5-5}  & & & & & \\ \cline{1-1} \cline{5-5}  & & & & & \\ \cline{1-1} \cline{5-5}  & & & & & \\ \cline{1-1} \cline{5-5}  & & & & & \\ \cline{1-1} \cline{5-5}  & & & & & \\ \cline{1-1} \cline{5-5}  & & & & & \\ \cline{1-1} \cline{5-5}  & & & & & \\ \cline{1-1} \cline{5-5}  & & & & & \\ \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 3: Potential security issues for microgrid.