# Pre-Treatment of Vegetable Raw Materials (_Sorghum Oryzoidum_) for Use in Meat Analog Manufacture
## 3 Results and Discussion
### Physico-Chemical Indications of Soryz
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c} \hline \hline
**Amino Acids** & **Quantity, g/kg** & **Content of Each Amino Acid in the Total Amount, \%** \\ \hline Aspartate & 6.69 \(\pm\) 0.06 & 4.85 \\ Threonine & 3.42 \(\pm\) 0.02 & 2.48 \\ Serine & 7.93 \(\pm\) 0.05 & 5.75 \\ Glutamic & 27.23 \(\pm\) 0.18 & 19.74 \\ Proline & 14.44 \(\pm\) 0.13 & 10.47 \\ Glycine & 3.53 \(\pm\) 0.04 & 2.56 \\ Alanine & 10.82 \(\pm\) 0.08 & 7.84 \\ Valine & 8.55 \(\pm\) 0.05 & 6.20 \\ Cysteine & 2.10 \(\pm\) 0.01 & 1.52 \\ Methionine & 1.44 \(\pm\) 0.01 & 1.04 \\ Isoleucine & 5.21 \(\pm\) 0.02 & 3.78 \\ Leucine & 22.40 \(\pm\) 0.16 & 16.24 \\ Tyrosine & 5.68 \(\pm\) 0.04 & 4.12 \\ Phenylalanine & 7.67 \(\pm\) 0.02 & 5.56 \\ \(\gamma\)-Aminobutyric & 0.56 \(\pm\) 0.01 & 0.41 \\ Lysine & 1.77 \(\pm\) 0.01 & 1.28 \\ Histidine & 3.77 \(\pm\) 0.01 & 2.73 \\ Arginine & 4.63 \(\pm\) 0.01 & 3.36 \\ Ammonia & 3.70 \(\pm\) 0.01 & 2.68 \\ \(\Sigma\) free amino acids & 137.95 \(\pm\) 6.09 & - \\ \(\Sigma\) indicators of nitrogen metabolism & 141.65 \(\pm\) 7.03 & - \\ \(\Sigma\) non-essential amino acids (NEAAs) & 78.47 \(\pm\) 2.11 & - \\ \(\Sigma\) essential amino acids (EAAs) & 58.91 \(\pm\) 1.34 & - \\ \(\Sigma\) immunoreactive amino acids & 67.35 \(\pm\) 1.52 & - \\ \(\Sigma\) glycogen amino acids & 40.97 \(\pm\) 1.09 & - \\ \(\Sigma\) amino acids, ketogenic & 42.75 \(\pm\) 1.21 & - \\ \(\Sigma\) amino acids, proteinogenic & 137.38 \(\pm\) 6.21 & - \\ \(\Sigma\) amino acids containing S & 3.55 \(\pm\) 0.07 & - \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular} The results are the mean \(\pm\) standard deviation.  
\end{table} 
Table 2: Amino acid compositions of soryz (_Sorghum Oryzoidum_). A comparative analysis of the content of EAAs and NEAAs in sorghum from different scientists was effectuated. According to [PERSON] et al. (2018), in sorghum, the sum of NEAAs constituted 50.3 g/100 g protein, and the sum of EAAs was 44.7 g/kg protein (EAA/NEAA ratio--0.89). This study found that sorghum has a moderate balance of essential and non-essential amino acids. The EAA content approaches that of NEAA but does not exceed it. Lysine, an essential amino acid, was noted to be particularly low, affecting the overall protein quality. [PERSON] et al. (2018) showed that the sum of NEAAs was 52.1 g/kg protein, and the sum of EAAs was 41.3 g/kg protein (EAA/NEAA ratio--0.79). In this study, the researchers highlighted that the NEAAs predominate over EAAs in sorghum. Glutamic acid and alanine were particularly abundant among NEAAs, while methionine and lysine levels were low among the EAAs. In an article by [PERSON] et al. (2018), the sum of NEAAs was 49.8 g/kg protein, and the sum of EAAs was 43.2 g/kg protein (EAA/NEAA ratio--0.87). This research emphasized that the amino acid profile of sorghum is close to the ideal for cereals, but it still suffers from a deficiency in lysine. The balance between EAAs and NEAAs is reasonable, making sorghum a good candidate for use in food security strategies, particularly when combined with other protein sources. [PERSON] et al. (2018) showed that the sum of NEAAs was 53.0 g/kg protein and the sum of EAAs was 42.0 g/kg protein (EAA/NEMA ratio--0.79). This study supports the general trend of sorghum having more NEAAs. The relatively low lysine content in this study confirms its reputation as a limiting amino acid in sorghum protein quality. However, sorghum was found to contain a high concentration of glutamic acid among the NEAAs. [PERSON] et al. (2018) showed that the sum of NEAAs in soryz consists of 67.0 g/kg protein, and the sum of EAAs consists of 40.2 g/kg protein (EAA/NEMA ratio--0.6). This study shows that some sorghum varieties may have a more balanced ratio of essential and non-essential amino acids. This variety of brown sorghum had higher levels of leucine, valine, and phenylalanine among the EAAs. Across these studies, including our analyses, we can observe a consistent trend where sorghum generally has more NEAAs compared to EAAs.