## 3 Results and Discussion  
### Chemical Compositions of the Fibers  
The cellulose content of the leaf bagasse was significantly higher than that of the fruit bagasse (Table 1), which is related to a lignocellulosic matrix of the primary cell wall of the leaf tissue cells with more organized and rigid structures. They are mostly composed of cellulose, which is responsible for the crystalline fraction of the fiber [37,38]. The lignin content was significantly higher in the leaves compared with the fruit bagasse. Lignin is a component of the cell wall in all vascular plants and has an important role in the control and transport of water through the cell wall, which is an important property in xerophytic plants such as _B. hemisphaerica_ due to its thermoplastic properties that confer support [33]. As for the lipid content, it was significantly higher in the fiber of the leaves with respect to the fruit bagasse, possibly due to the fact that steroids are found in the membranes that are responsible for providing stability. In addition, most plants of the genus _Bromelia_ have developed photoprotection mechanisms to prevent excess light energy and changes in water availability, such as having low frequency of stomata, spongy parenchyma and impermeable cuticles due to a coating of the leaves by waxy materials [24,39]. The protein content was significantly higher in the leaf bagasse compared with the bagasse of the fruit. When plants respond to water deficit stress at the cellular and molecular level, one of the responses is the modification of gene expression. To adapt to stress, the plants activate a large set of genes, which leads to the accumulation of proteins specifically associated with the cell plant organ stress acting in the regulation of other genes, which translate into signals in response to water stress [40]. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c} \hline \hline  & **FB (\%)** & **FBO (\%)** & **LB (\%)** & **LBO (\%)** \\ \hline Cellulose & 33.52 \(\pm\) 0.43 a & 39.15 \(\pm\) 1.33 b & 43.99 \(\pm\) 0.47 c & 41.98 \(\pm\) 0.65 d \\ Lignin & 2.21 \(\pm\) 0.05 a & 1.18 \(\pm\) 0.11 b & 4.81 \(\pm\) 0.14 c & 1.09 \(\pm\) 0.02 b \\ Protein & 5.15 \(\pm\) 0.05 a & 6.11 \(\pm\) 0.13 b & 6.29 \(\pm\) 0.06 b & 7.24 \(\pm\) 0.31 c \\ Lipids & 0.63 \(\pm\) 0.03 a & 0.58 \(\pm\) 0.11 a & 1.34 \(\pm\) 0.04 b & 1.21 \(\pm\) 0.21 b \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular} Values were obtained in triplicate \(\pm\) standard error. Different letters in rows are significantly different (\(p\leq 0.05\)). FB = fruit bagasse before organosolv; FBO = fruit bagasse after organosolv; LB = leaf bagasse before organosolv; LBO = leaf bagasse after organosolv.  
\end{table} 
Table 1: Chemical properties of leaf and fruit bagasse fibers before and after organosolv. Prior to organosolv extraction, the cellulose and lignin contents of the fruit bagasse fiber (FB) and leaf (LB) were quantified. In the case of the fruit, a content of 33.52% cellulose and 2.21% lignin was obtained, and for the leaves, a content of 43.99% cellulose and 4.81% lignin was obtained. Subsequently, in order to delignify the fibrous material, a microwave-assisted organosolv treatment was carried out at 120 \({}^{\circ}\)C for 90 min. Then, the solution was filtered through a mesh with a pore size of 1 mm in diameter, and a sediment was obtained that was named F1. Due to the weight of the cellulose, this macromolecule was found in this fraction, and so it was quantified, obtaining a value of 39.15% for the case of the leaves. The cellulose content increased significantly due to the effect of the organosolv method, which degraded the lignin that fulfills the function of covering the cellulose, increasing the content of this component. In the case of the LB, the cellulose content after organosolv was 41.98%, a value significantly lower than the initial cellulose content. This behavior is explained by the predominantly more crystalline nature of the leaf fiber compared with the fruit fiber.