# NR Sidelink Performance Evaluation for Enhanced 5G-V2X Services
## 3 Literature Review  
For the past few years, studies have been providing a thorough understanding of the 5G-V2X technological characteristics with a focus on its architecture, physical layer, and resource allocation. The performance of CV2X components has been investigated considering a variety of V2X-related scenarios [26, 27]. [PERSON] et al. [8] used the 5G NR V2X communication technology's direct interactions over the sidelink interface. In order to determine the advantages and disadvantages of the sidelink and autonomous resource allocation schemes under various vehicle density settings, this work examines how well they perform under periodic and aperiodic message generation patterns. In our investigation, we also considered the vehicles' speed and density to measure the system's performance. Using an open-source system-level simulator that implements the 5G NR physical layer aspects together with the specified sidelink resource allocation modes for V2X communications and various data traffic patterns, [PERSON] et al. [16] carried out a thorough analysis of Mode 2 performance. The outcomes demonstrated how the new 5G-V2X features affected the sidelink resource allocation performance and offered some suggestions for potential future improvements to Mode 2 performance. In contrast to the work presented in [16], we used two traffic scenarios (highway and urban) to present different performances for the same number of vehicles in different traffic patterns. [PERSON] et al. [28] discussed cooperative position-based systems that use geographic coordinates. They also developed probabilistic approaches of prioritized signals, prompted by the notion that road topological constraints cause a non-uniform distribution of the communication directions. The approach is constructed using historical traffic data and extracting the most important road directions extracted by applying the Hough Transform to a digital map. They also demonstrated how creating a non-uniform quantization, as opposed to a uniform one, reduces performance loss due to the information obtained from the angular probability distribution. In this work, we are using Simulation of Urban Mobility (SUMO) to extract all the traffic information and position of the vehicles. Figure 4: 5G-V2X communication modes: Uplink unicast based 5G-D2D (**left**) and PC5-based 5G-D2D (**right**) [25]. [PERSON] et al. [29] examine the performance of Vehicle-to-Infrastructure (V2I) communication in an urban setting using Cellular Vehicle-to-Everything (C-V2X) technologies based on LTE and 5G. The study analyzes variables under different communication settings, such as traffic intensity, communication range, and message frequency, including end-to-end delay and Packet Delivery Ratio (PDR). Furthermore, the effects of different infrastructure densities are investigated using two, four, and eight base stations (BSs). The findings show that both C-V2X technologies efficiently support V2I services, and that performance is greatly improved by increasing the infrastructure density from two to four base stations (BSs). However, in an urban environment, additional increases offer no useful benefits. While [PERSON] et al. [20] examined direct communications between two UEs despite the need for a base station (BS), 3 GPP sidelink transmissions have proven to be essential for Long-Term Evolution Advanced (LTE-A) services, including public safety and V2X communications. In order to evaluate the benefits of the new control channel design, the authors [20] also include a performance evaluation. Potential improvements are also discussed, since NR sidelink transmissions have been seen as a foundation to provide additional features other than V2X in future releases (e.g., advanced relay). In this study, we consider high throughput, high reliability, and low latency V2X services for new sidelink functions that are supported in a NR but not offered in LTE. [PERSON] et al.