## 4 Discussion
### Laser-Assisted Surgery in Stomatology  
Laser-assisted surgery has brought transformative changes to the field of stomatology, offering a precise and minimally invasive approach to treating various oral conditions involving soft tissues. This innovative technique utilizes the energy of focused light to interact with tissues, providing benefits such as reduced bleeding, faster healing, and enhanced patient comfort [49; 50; 51; 52; 53]. In soft tissue applications, such as gingivalotomy and frenectomy, lasers have shown exceptional precision by selectively targeting and removing tissue without causing unnecessary trauma to surrounding healthy areas. This level of precision not only improves surgical outcomes but also reduces postoperative complications, making it a valuable tool in the hands of skilled practitioners [49; 50; 51; 52; 53]. One of the standout advantages of laser-assisted surgery is its ability to promote hemostasis during procedures. The coagulation effect of lasers significantly reduces bleeding, providing a clear surgical field for the dentist or oral surgeon [49; 50; 51; 52; 53]. This improved visibility allows for better accuracy in tissue removal and treatment, ultimately leading to a more successful outcome [49; 50; 51; 52; 53]. Patients undergoing laser-assisted procedures often experience less pain and discomfort compared to traditional surgical methods. The minimally invasive nature of laser surgery reduces nerve stimulation and tissue trauma, resulting in faster recovery times and less reliance on pain management [49; 50; 51; 52; 53]. Additionally, the reduced need for sutures, due to minimal tissue damage, contributes to a more comfortable and convenient patient experience [49; 50; 51; 52; 53]. Laser-assisted surgery also offers advantages in terms of sterilization. The high-energy light used in laser procedures possesses inherent sterilizing properties, which can lower the risk of postoperative infections. This is particularly significant in the oral cavity, where infections can lead to serious complications if not managed properly [49; 50; 51; 52; 53]. Laser surgery plays a vital role in the context of biopsies, ensuring precise and minimally invasive tissue sampling. The utilization of lasers in biopsy procedures presents several benefits, which include enhanced accuracy, reduced patient discomfort, and an increased level of confidence in achieving clear margins [48; 51]. During laser surgery, there is a phenomenon known as carbonization, where tissue vaporizes due to the intense heat generated by the laser. While carbonization may raise concerns about the integrity of the tissue sample, contemporary laser systems are designed to minimize this effect [52]. By carefully selecting the appropriate laser parameters, skilled practitioners can prevent excessive carbonization, ensuring that biopsy samples remain viable for precise pathological examination [48; 51]. The attainment of clear margins is of paramount importance in biopsy procedures, especially in cases involving suspected malignancies. Laser-assisted surgery offers distinct advantages in ensuring the adequacy of margins [49; 52]. The precision of lasers enables healthcare professionals to meticulously remove tissue layers, thereby optimizing the likelihood of achieving complete excision and reducing the necessity for subsequent re-excisions. This is pivotal for accurate staging and treatment planning, particularly in cases involving cancerous tissue [50; 51; 52]. Diode lasers, despite being the most cost-effective among dental lasers, should not be dismissed as a valuable tool for biopsies. They offer several advantages, including a bloodless surgical field, swift healing, ease of operation, and bactericidal effects that reduce the risk of infection post-treatment. There is evidence to suggest that diode lasers may stimulate clotting factor VII, enhancing hemostasis due to the \"hot-tip\" effect, causing thermocoagulation [53].