# Enhancing Security in Smart Robot Digital Twins Through Intrusion Detection Systems
## 3 Related Work  
The use of DT systems has gained increasing popularity in various domains, such as manufacturing, healthcare, and smart cities. However, the interconnectivity of the physical and virtual worlds in DT systems raises concerns regarding the security of the system. Various security threats and vulnerabilities have been identified in DT systems, such as unauthorized access, data breaches, and Denial-of-Service attacks. To mitigate these security risks, several approaches and solutions have been proposed in the literature. This section provides an overview of the existing research on security problems and solutions in DT systems. [PERSON] et al. 's [13] study addresses the lack of research in the process industry regarding DTs. They organized the literature and provided a conceptual model on the enabling factors and challenges of DT implementation. They identified a set of relationships between the barriers to implementation, where environmental barriers affect organizational factors, which in turn affect system integration, security, and data quality, ultimately affecting DT development and performance. Companies should address these issues to successfully implement DTs in the process industry. DT systems face a wide array of security threats due to their reliance on real-time data exchange, interconnected networks, and integration with IoT devices. Key threats include the following:  
* Unauthorized Access. This type of attack occurs when malicious entities exploit vulnerabilities within the authentication mechanism, gaining access to the system, interacting with sensitive data, and manipulating operations within the DT. Effective identity and access management protocols are essential to mitigate this risk. For instance, in their work, the authors of [8] discuss the challenges posed by unauthorized access in the context of DT systems, emphasizing the importance of role-based access control and proposing a framework for secure data exchange between DT systems. * Data Breaches. The real-time transmission of data between physical and digital systems generates vast amounts of sensitive information, making DT systems an attractive target for data exfiltration attacks. Robust encryption and secure communnication protocols are essential to mitigate this risk. In the paper [14], the focus was on security analysis and the generation of cyber knowledge for threat and incident detection, utilizing a digital architecture that facilitates information sharing among IoT lifecycle participants. * Denial-of-Service (DoS) Attacks. Malicious entities can disrupt the proper functioning of DT operations by overwhelming the system with excessive traffic, leading to downtime and operational inefficiencies. In their study, [PERSON] et al. [15] analyze the impact of Denial-of-Service (DoS) attacks on DTs, highlighting how such attacks can compromise system availability. The study presented identifies these attacks as a significant threat to operations and discusses potential countermeasures, including network resilience through redundant communication paths, advanced encryption, and the use of firewalls and an IDS to prevent and mitigate their effects. * Insider Threats. Employees or authorized personnel may knowingly or unknowingly compromise DT systems. Enhanced monitoring mechanisms and dual approval for critical actions can mitigate this risk. [PERSON] et al. [16] analyze the security challenges associated with implementing DTs in industrial environments. The study emphasizes the importance of strict access controls and advanced software protection techniques to prevent the misuse of data and systems. * Vulnerabilities in IoT Devices. IoT devices connected to DT systems often have limited security features, making them prime entry points for cyberattacks. Regular firmware updates and adherence to IoT security standards are essential to mitigate these vulnerabilities.