esa-sceva/satcom-chunk-collection huggingface dataset:
# Demand Forecasting in Supply Chain Using Uni-Regression Deep Approximate Forecasting Model
## 3 Proposed Methodology
### Preprocessing  
Data collection marks the beginning of the preprocessing stage for demand forecasting in the supply chain, as data processing involves detailed handling to ensure the quality and relevance of data for analysis. One of the important steps in this process is the removal of NaN values representing lacking or undefined data. Later, data-cleaning strategies are employed to solve inconsistencies, errors, and irrelevant information in the dataset. Following the removal of NaN values and the cleaning of data, feature extraction techniques, such as probabilistic approaches along with Apriori methods, derive important findings that are relevant to the retail domain. The overall goal is to generate a more refined dataset that can provide the relevant features, thus paving the way for subsequent steps in demand forecasting.
# A Game Theory-Based Model for the Dissemination of Privacy Information in Online Social Networks
###### Abstract  
Online social networks (OSNs) have experienced rapid growth in recent years, and an increasing number of people now use OSNs, such as Facebook and Twitter, to share and spread information on a daily basis. As a special type of information, user personal information is also widely disseminated in such networks, posing threats to user privacy. The study on privacy information dissemination is thus useful for the development of mechanisms and tools for the effective protection of privacy information in OSNs. In this paper, we propose to apply the game theory to establish a sender-receiver game model and the Nash equilibrium to describe the behavioral strategies of users in disseminating privacy information. Factors that affect the dissemination of privacy information are also analyzed with two important aspects: intimacy and popularity of the privacy-concerning subject. Simulation experiments were conducted based on real data sets from scale-free networks and real social networks to compare and analyze the effectiveness of the model. Results show that the proposed game theory is applicable to the privacy information dissemination model, which implements intimacy and popularity in the modeling of the dissemination of privacy information in OSNs. Both the impact of the macro-level OSNs and the micro-relationships between users are evaluated on the dissemination of privacy information, which provides a new perspective for exploring the dissemination of privacy information and facilitates the development of effective mechanisms for privacy protection in OSNs.  
privacy information dissemination; game theory; Nash equilibrium +
Footnote †: journal:  
00 2023 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license ([[https://creativecommons.org/licenses/py/4.0/](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/py/4.0/)]([https://creativecommons.org/licenses/py/4.0/](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/py/4.0/))).
# A High Dynamic Weak Spread Spectrum Signal Acquisition Strategy Based on Iterative Local Search
## 5 Conclusions  
The experiment results show that under the signal environment of the China Space Station, the classical parallel code phase search algorithm cannot complete the acquisition  
Figure 12: Acquisition success probability under different dynamic conditions (red represents the traditional parallel code phase acquisition algorithm; black represents the ILS improved parallel code phase acquisition algorithm; blue represents the parallel code phase search based on the prior information assistance strategy when the Doppler information deviation is \(50\) Hz; yellow represents the parallel code phase search based on the prior information assistance strategy when the Doppler information deviation is \(150\) Hz; the subfigure (**a–d**) represents the performance of the algorithm in different dynamic environments).  
of the high dynamic weak spread spectrum signal, and the improved parallel code phase acquisition algorithm can complete the acquisition in 3 s after using the iterative local search strategy. When the SNR is \(-\)34 dB and the frequency offset is 600 kHz, the computation of the parallel code phase search algorithm under the iterative local search strategy is reduced by 75%. The ILS acquisition strategy proposed in this paper can significantly improve the performance of traditional acquisition algorithms for high dynamic weak signals and has broad application prospects in space engineering fields such as low orbit satellite constellation construction and space-based network construction.  
Conceptualization, Z.M. and G.W.; methodology, X.G. and Z.M.; software, F.Y. and E.Y.; validation, F.Y. and E.Y.; writing--original draft preparation, F.Y.; writing--review and editing, Z.M., X.G., and S.L. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.  
This research received no external funding.  
The authors declare no conflict of interest.
# An Efficient Dynamic Engineering Implementation Architecture for MIMO Radar System
## 6 Conclusions  
In this work, we introduce an efficient dynamic MIMO radar engineering implementation architecture designed for practical applications in large-scale array MIMO radar systems. This architecture offers several advantages: (i) The data after the Range FFT aew stored only once, instead of the traditional twice FFT data storage, which reduces the storage resource consumption of the system. (ii) Data processing after the Range FFT is divided into two modes: target detection and angle estimation. The dynamic Doppler FFTs for the two cases are performed in different time slots, reducing the number of data  
Figure 16: ED-MRS processing time.  
readings and writings and improving data processing efficiency. (iii) The compatibility and flexibility of the system antenna array are improved by improving the realization architecture of the system. This is of great significance to improve the real-time performances of MIMO radar systems and can support the future trend of MIMO radar systems toward large-scale arrays.  
We aim to explore further the integration of our proposed architecture into various hardware platforms, enhancing its adaptability and efficiency. We will further optimize the system architecture to better address application scenarios that require higher resolution and larger-scale arrays, while also increasing processing speeds. We hope the methodologies and insights derived from this work will stimulate innovative approaches in MIMO radar engineering applications and contribute to advancing the field.  
Conceptualization, R.W. and H.Z.; investigation, H.Z.; writing--original draft preparation, R.W.; writing--review and editing, R.W. and L.X. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of this manuscript.  
This research was funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 61771371). The authors greatly appreciate the above financial support.  
The original contributions presented in the study are included in the article, further inquiries can be directed to the corresponding author.  
This manuscript has not been published or presented elsewhere in part or its entirety and is not under consideration by another journal. There are no conflicts of interest to declare.
# Transformation-Based Fuzzy Rule Interpolation Using Interval Type-2 Fuzzy Sets
## 2 Background
### Scale and Move Transformation-Based Interpolation
#### 2.1.2 Intermediate Rule Construction  
Suppose \(N\) (\(N\geq 2\)) closest rules have been chosen from the observation. Such rules are represented as \(R_{i}\), \(i\in\{1,\ldots,N\}\), and each has \(M\) antecedents \(A_{ij}\), \(j\in\{1,\ldots,M\}\). Let \(w_{A_{ij}}\) denote the weight to which the \(j\)-th antecedent of the \(i\)-th rule contributes to the intermediate rule. The normalised weight \(w_{A_{ij}}^{\prime}\) can be defined as:\[w^{\prime}_{A_{ij}}=\frac{w_{A_{ij}}}{\sum_{i=1}^{N}w_{A_{ij}}},\;\;w_{A_{ij}}= \frac{1}{d_{ij}} \tag{4}\]  
Note that if \(d_{ij}=0\), then \(\text{Rep}(A_{ij})=\text{Rep}(A_{j}^{*})\). In this case, variable \(j\) of the observation is considered to be \"identical\" to the corresponding antecedent of the rule \(R_{i}\), in terms of the currently applied definition of Rep. Thus, in such exceptional cases, \(w_{A_{ij}}=1\) for the \"identical\" variable(s), while \(w_{A_{ij}}=0\) for the remainder.  
The antecedent of the so-called intermediate fuzzy term \(A_{j}^{IFT}\) is constructed from the antecedents of these closest rules. Another process shift is then introduced to modify \(A_{j}^{IFT}\) to the antecedent of the intermediate rule \(A_{j}^{\prime}\), so that it will have the same Rep as \(A_{j}^{*}\):  
\[A_{j}^{\prime}=A_{j}^{IFT}+\delta_{A_{j}}(\text{max}_{j}-\text{min}_{j}),\;\;A _{j}^{IFT}=\sum_{i=1}^{N}w^{\prime}_{A_{ij}}A_{ij} \tag{5}\]  
where \(\delta_{A_{j}}\) is a constant defined by:  
\[\delta_{A_{j}}=\frac{\text{Rep}(A_{j}^{*})-\text{Rep}(A_{j}^{IFT})}{\text{max }_{j}-\text{min}_{j}} \tag{6}\]  
Regarding the consequence of the intermediate rule \(B^{\prime}\), it can be calculated by analogy to the computation of the rule antecedent, such that:  
\[B^{\prime}=B^{IFT}+\delta_{B}(\text{max}-\text{min}),\;\;B^{IFT}=\sum_{i=1}^{N }w^{\prime}_{B_{i}}B_{i} \tag{7}\]  
where \(B^{IFT}\) is the consequence of the intermediate fuzzy term, max and min are the maximum and minimum values of the consequent variable and \(w^{\prime}_{B_{i}}\) and \(\delta_{B}\) are the means of \(w^{\prime}_{A_{ij}}\) and \(\delta_{A_{j}}\), \(i\in\{1,\ldots,N\}\), \(j\in\{1,\ldots,M\}\), respectively, which are defined as:  
\[w^{\prime}_{B_{i}}=\frac{1}{M}\sum_{j=1}^{M}w^{\prime}_{A_{ij}},\;\;\delta_{B} =\frac{1}{M}\sum_{j=1}^{M}\delta_{A_{j}} \tag{8}\]
## 3 Numerical Model of the Single-Stage FLTD  
Since FLTD with 24-separate columns is not rotationally symmetric, its three-dimensional model should be established for numerical calculation. As shown in Figure 5, the simulation model consists of 23 main discharging bricks (each brick includes two film capacitors and one gas switch), amorphous alloy magnetic core, epoxy resin casing for the core, PTFE and XLPE insulators, deionized water, stainless-steel induction cavity, 24 separate columns, and dummy load. Table 1 describes typical value of material characteristics in our numerical simulation.  
Specifically, the amorphous alloy magnetic core used in this research is Metglas 2605 TCA. Outer diameter and inner diameter of the toroidal core are 1184 mm and 976 mm, respectively. The magnetic core has four separate rings (item L in Figure 2), each ring being wound with 25-um thick, 40-mm wide ribbon and silicon oxide (SiO2) insulating coating between each ribbon. The rings are annealed and then molded into epoxy resin casing (item H in Figure 2) to stabilize the turns and isolate the rings from each other.  
Considering the complicated distribution of structures and materials and larger differences in spatial-scale of the FLTD cavity, some details in the engineering model that have little or no impact on field distribution should be ignored or simplified for successful computations [13; 14; 15; 16]:  
Small structures, for instance screws and holes that have negligible influence on the physical calculation results, are ignored.  
Internal fine structures of the film capacitor are ignored, only equivalent capacitance, inductance, and resistance are considered and modeled.  
The time-varying inductance/resistance of the conducting path of the triggered gas switch are simplified as a cylindrical conductor with constant inductance/resistance.  
The toroidal core wound with amorphous alloy ribbons and SiO2 insulation coatings are simplified as homogeneous conductors with orthotropic conductivity and permeability. Moreover, the nonlinear hysteresis effect of magnetic core is ignored in simulations.  
The triggering brick inside the induction cavity is not modeled. Assume that the trigger signal has been transmitted to the gas switches of discharging bricks in the same induction cavity.  
The jitter and delay of the gas switch closure of discharging bricks are ignored. Suppose all the discharging bricks in the same cavity are turned on simultaneously.  
Figure 5: Numerical model of the single-stage FLT with 24-separate columns. (**a**) Top view with cavity top lid and insulator removed, (**b**) side view, and (**c**) axonometric view with cavity top lid and insulator set to be transparent.
## 4 Discussion
### Long-Term Outcomes  
Although the impact of a perioperative DUS assessment on long-term outcomes was not the main subject of this study, it would seem to be relevant to make some comparisons among the long-term outcomes of different studies considering the following issues: (1) the population enrolled in our study consisted entirely of patients with declared angiographic technical success but with a higher degree of residual stenosis or long grade C dissection; (2) the mean lesion length and the number of severely calcified lesions were very high.  
For example, [PERSON] et al. reported a cumulative one-year primary patency of 80% with DES versus 49% with DCB in a small retrospective cohort of 84 patients, with long femoroppliteal lesions of a mean length of 110 mm (interquartile range [IQR] of 100-150, absolute range of 100-260), which is definitively lower compared to the primary patency reported in our study. However, this difference might be a result of the fact that to detect stenosis >50%, [PERSON] et al. adopted a PSVR > 2.0, which is lower than the PSVR > 2.4 adopted in our study. Conversely, in the SFA-LONG study in which 105 patients with femoroppliteal lesions >15 cm underwent PTA by DEB, [PERSON] et al. reported 1-year primary patency and clinically driven TLR rates of 83.2% and 96%, respectively. The primary patency and clinically driven revascularization reported in our study are consistent with those reported in the SFA-LONG study despite a higher rate of severe calcified lesions (16 vs. 13.3%), but a lower mean length of the lesion was attempted (211 \(\pm\) 85.2 mm vs. 251.71 \(\pm\) 78.9 mm) [16].  
Interestingly, the one-year primary patency of the sub-group of patients with lesions who underwent PTA optimization was similar to that of patients with lesions that did not require any PTA optimization, although the first group included longer and more complex lesions, as demonstrated by a higher proportion of TASC C and D lesions, and a higher proportion of calcific and total occlusion lesions.  
Whether this \"functional-guided\" optimization algorithm might positively impact long-term outcomes should be investigated in dedicated prospective trials. In this regard, it is reassuring that very recently, for the first time, the systematic use of IVUS to optimize femoroppliteal angioplasty was associated with better primary patency and freedom from clinically driven target lesion revascularization at 12 months compared with the conventional angiography guidance [20]. Therefore, we believe that there is room to implement a more extensive multi-imaging modality approach for the treatment of long femoro-popilteal atherosclerotic disease.
## 2 Materials and Methods
### Data Recording and Processing  
A FREEEMG 1000 apparatus (BTS Bioengineering, Milano, Italy) comprising wireless EMG sensors was used to record the EMG signals in each trail. The surface EMG electrodes were placed according to the surface electromyography for non-invasive assessment of muscles (SENIM) guidelines. The selected knee angle was determined by a twin axis SG150 electrogoniometer (Biometrics, Newport, UK). The procedure for the electrogoniometer positioning is reported in previous papers [21]. For each muscle, the raw EMG signal was differentially amplified (933 gain), band-pass filtered (10 to 500 Hz), and digitalised (16-bit resolution, 1 kHz sampling frequency) online by the wireless EMG sensor and then sent to the laboratory's computer for offline processing and analysis. The EMG signals were transformed into amplitude envelopes through a point-to-point moving root-mean-square filter (500-millisecond time interval), normalised to the peak EMG amplitude at MVIC, and expressed as a percentage of the MVIC value. Finally, we computed the mean value of the EMG signals for statistical comparison between task conditions.
# Effect of the Surface Roughness on the Shear Strength of Granular Materials in Ring Shear Tests
## 4 Conclusions  
The effect of surface roughness on the shear strength of gravels using ring shear tests was examined. The shear characteristics measured from smooth and rough surfaces in a newly developed ring shear box were compared. The reduced wall friction using a smooth surface box may result in low shear strength estimates. Rough surfaces in test devices may result in overestimated shear strengths of geomaterials (clay to gravel-size), but they may also provide significant results if a slip occurs between two non-homogenous materials for the determination of the residual shear strength of gravelly soils.  
Figure 6: Grain crushing effect with respect to surface roughness: (**a–c**) Drained and (**d–f**) undrained conditions. (**a,d**): 0.1 mm/s; (**b,e**): 0.5 mm/s; and (**c,f**): 1 mm/s.  
From the test results, the shear strength of granular materials depended on the drainage condition and shear velocity. The effect of surface roughness on shear strength, although small, could not be considered negligible with respect to minimization of the wall slip effect. The gravel exhibited a typical strain-hardening behavior regardless of the drainage and shear velocity when the gravel was firmly covered by the upper plate of the test device without applying normal stress (0 kPa). The peak shear strength obtained from drained and undrained conditions increased with increasing shear velocity, when it may be assumed that the material exhibited plastic behavior; however, a large difference was caused by surface roughness when the shear velocity was increased. The grain crushing effect was not negligible and is actually dominant for both smooth and rough surfaces. A higher degree of grain crushing was observed for rough surfaces in the ring shear test. In a landslide transition, the reduction in shear strength with respect to the variation in pore water pressure and soft base (i.e., finer materials forming at the bottom of the slidebody) caused by shearing should be examined. In addition, the development of the shear zone, contraction, and dilatancy phenomenon, which depend on the normal stress and shear velocity, should be examined.
## 3 Results and Discussion
### GPCM Preparation  
As mentioned in Section 2.4, different mixing ratios of GP:PCMs were examined; 50:50, 80:20, 70:30, and 30:70, respectively. It was found that a 50:50 ratio resulted in a heterogeneous mix, as the PCM leakage was visible. In addition, the 80:20 ratio resulted in a dry and hard mix due to the high amount of GP. The mixing ratio of GP:PCMs selected to produce the GPCM paste was 70:30, as it provided a homogenous mix. After the ratio was selected, the GPCM paste was analyzed using TGA, DSC, and ESEM.
## 3 Beamforming of the Miniaturized L-Array
### The Weight Vector of Beamforming
A large number of array elements will make the main beam very narrow. After ultra-low sidelobe processing, with a limited broadening of the main lobe, a quite low sidelobe level can also be obtained [21], which can effectively suppress the interference. However, for the miniaturized array, this may have a greater impact on the detection. Especially for the oblique backscatter sounding of the ionosphere, the weak signals may be submerged in the complex interferences of the HF band. Basic beamforming may not achieve the ideal results.
# An Experimental Survey of Extended Resolution Effects for SAT Solvers on the Pigeonhole Principle
###### Abstract  
It has been proven that extended resolution (ER) has more powerful reasoning than general resolution for the pigeonhole principle in [PERSON]'s paper. This fact indicates the possibility that a solver based on extended resolution can exceed Boolean satisfiability problem solvers (SAT solvers for short) based on general resolution. However, few studies have provided practical evidence of this assumption. This paper explores how extended resolution can improve SAT solvers by using the pigeonhole principle, which was the first problem solved by ER in polynomial steps. In fact, although [PERSON]'s paper introduced how to add auxiliary variables, there is no evidence that these variables are really useful for practical solvers. We try to answer the question: If the SAT solver can add appropriate auxiliary variables as proposed in [PERSON]'s paper, can the solver enhance its performance by utilizing these variables? Experimental results show that if the solver properly prioritizes the extended variables in the search, the solver can end the search in a shorter time.  
search; SAT solver; extended resolution +
Footnote †: journal: _Algorithms_
## 5 Application of the Proposed Antenna to the Breast Tumor Sensing
It is clear from Figure 13b,c that moving the antennas away from the stacked biological organic layer degrades overall signal strength. However, the amplitude of the received waveform for the stacked layers with the tumor drops more considerably. It is due to the fact that the existence of the stacked organic layers such as skin and tissue produces multiple reflections and losses on the surface of each layer during the pulse transmission. Notably, the presence of defected tumor layer within the body increases the energy losses apparently because of the different dielectric properties of the tumor cells as compared to skin and tissue layers.