## 5 Conclusions  
The paper presents the results of applied research aimed at refining the evaluation of socioeconomic benefits associated with increasing the safety and reliability of the railway line as a result of the implementation of investment projects in the field of railway infrastructure within a CBA analysis. The aim of the paper was to methodically describe and verify a case study on the procedure for determining the socioeconomic impacts of occurrences that emerge from railway infrastructure. The article presents partial methodological steps that have been developed for these purposes. The research is based on a detailed Database of Occurrences emerging from the railway line in the Czech Republic, using data for the 2011-2018 period, which originally included a total of 8455 occurrences divided into subcategories. After the elimination of the occurrences connected with suicides and accidents at railway crossings, a total of 5378 occurrences was used for a more detailed analysis. The first step was to define the methodological steps for determining the socioeconomic impact of an occurrence emerging on a railway line. The overall socioeconomic impact includes material damage and costs, evaluated costs associated with health impacts, and evaluated impacts associated with delays of both passenger and freight trains. Using these documents and the entire Database of Occurrences, the expected value of the impact of an occurrence of a relevant category was subsequently determined. Combining it with additional information on the railway transport network and the ratio of occurrences emerging on the national or regional line, the expected annual impacts of occurrences of individual categories on a railway station or one kilometer of track were derived in the final phase of the research. The main goal of the paper was to present methodological steps for evaluating the socioeconomic impacts of occurrences emerging from railway infrastructure and to verify the methodology in the case of occurrences emerging from railway infrastructure in the Czech Republic area. The research presented in the paper assessed new aspects of the socioeconomic evaluation of railway projects and subsequently proposed new procedures aimed at quantifying the socioeconomic impacts of occurrences emerging from railway infrastructure. In the follow-up research, the existing process of evaluating the economic efficiency of railway infrastructure projects will be supplemented by a new dimension, i.e., considering the increase in the reliability and safety of railway infrastructure. When interpreting the results obtained, it is necessary to accept certain limitations associated with the research carried out, as well as the data used. While the proposed methodological steps are generally applicable for the purposes defined in the research goal, the results of the case study are influenced by the fact that they were determined using data specific to the Czech Republic area. For the purposes of the case study, data from the occurrence database emerging exclusively from the Czech Republic area were used, and other input information was also taken from national methodological documents and statistics. In this regard, follow-up research on the topic is also proposed for other countries for the possibility of assessing the international applicability of the methodological steps and for comparing the situation in the field of occurrence impacts on railway infrastructure. Follow-up research will focus on projecting the results achieved in the presented research into the final methodology to consider the benefits associated with increasing the safety and reliability of the railway network in the socioeconomic evaluation of investment projects of railway infrastructure.