## 1 Introduction
[9] observed the influence of raster orientation on the fracture mechanism of FFF components by incorporating varying raster orientations at different layers. Four scenarios were developed, featuring \(0^{\circ}\), \(90^{\circ}\), \(45^{\circ}\), and \(-45^{\circ}\) orientations, and it was observed that the fracture energy of the specimen prepared with \(0^{\circ}/45^{\circ}/90^{\circ}/-45^{\circ}\) orientations was decreased by 34% compared to the specimens prepared with \(45^{\circ}/-45^{\circ}\) orientations. Diversities in raster orientations not only impact the strength and fracture of the component but also its toughness. One study found the toughness to be increased by more than 500% when the raster orientations are switched from [\(0^{\circ}/90^{\circ}\)]\({}_{5}\) to [\(45^{\circ}/-45^{\circ}\)]\({}_{5}\)[12]. [PERSON] et al. [13] also performed tensile and fracture toughness tests with raster angles ranging from \(0^{\circ}\) to \(90^{\circ}\) with an increment of \(15^{\circ}\), where the maximum fracture toughness was observed at \(0^{\circ}\) and \(60^{\circ}\). It is reported in their study that a change in raster angle from \(0^{\circ}\) to \(15^{\circ}\) reduced the tensile strength by 22% and toughness by 19%. An important feature of crack alignment was noticed by [PERSON] [14], in which crack propagation aligned with the raster orientation for all samples with the exception of those printed with a \(0^{\circ}\) raster orientation. [PERSON] et al. [15] introduced a method of mitigating the loss in final part performance by incorporating thermal annealing process. They mentioned that due to varying orientations in different layers of an additively manufactured component, reduced material characteristics are observed. [PERSON] et al. [16] investigated how raster orientation impacts the elastic properties of PC-ABS material. They developed a method using ultrasound to characterize the change in the sound velocity from various angles relative to the plane of the fabricated component, from which they were able to extract the orthotropic stiffness tensor components. Their results for the bulk orthotropic stiffness tensor components were quite satisfactory, with an average of 11% deviations of the various components from those of structural testing. Each of the aforementioned studies indicates that raster orientation significantly influences part performance. A similar effect has been noted for traditional laminated CFRPs, in which [PERSON] et al. [17] in their experiments with composite laminates investigated the effective stiffness, which varied from 47 GPa to 54 GPa for a \(2^{\circ}\) change in the quantification of ply orientation using the ultrasound technique. Just as raster orientation affects the final part performance, ply orientation similarly influences the tensile and flexural strengths of carbon/epoxy laminates [18]. Different stacking sequences, including unidirectional, cross-ply, and quasi-isotropic laminates, were subjected to bending, tension, and impact forces, according to the ASTM standards, and it was observed for symmetric cross-ply laminates that flexural and tensile moduli were improved by 59.5% and 3.97%, respectively. [PERSON] et al. [19] investigated the mechanical properties of composite laminates of Kevlar fibers combined with glass fibers for various orientations ranging from 0\({}^{\circ}\) to 60\({}^{\circ}\). Their findings indicate that the hybrid composites fabricated with Kevlar fibers oriented at 0\({}^{\circ}\) demonstrate a higher tensile strength (327 MPa) as well as flexural strength (390 MPa) compared to the composites with Kevlar fibers oriented at 30\({}^{\circ}\), 45\({}^{\circ}\), and 60\({}^{\circ}\). In addition to examining the composite laminate strength containing different ply orientations, several studies have investigated the failure mechanisms. [PERSON] et al. [20] observed in their experiments that thin-plied laminates exhibit reduced levels of failure under out-of-plane loading compared to angle plied CFRPs.