## 3 Findings  
Table 1 presents the descriptive statistical results for the patients who participated in the study. In terms of the gender variable, 52.14% of the patients were female, and 47.86% were male. When the patients were analyzed in terms of their method of arrival at the hospital, it was determined that 46.48% of the patients were admitted to the hospital by ambulance and 53.52% were admitted to the hospital as outpatients. The mean age of the patients was 63.42 \(\pm\) 17.41 years. The median PNI value (cut-off score) was 38.00. When Table 2 was analyzed, a statistically significant difference was found between the complaints of the patients according to the PNI classification (X\({}^{2}\) = 83.398; \(p\) \(<\) 0.001). Patients with PNI values below the cut-off score (\(<\)38) presented to the hospital with complaints of melena (_n_ = 53), abdominal pain (_n_ = 32), and jaundice (_n_ = 26). Patients with PNI values above the cut-off score (\(\geq\)38) presented with abdominal pain (_n_ = 64), general condition disorder (_n_ = 42), and right upper quadrant pain (_n_ = 35). \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{l c c c} \hline \hline
**Variables** & & **f** & **\%** \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{Gender} & Woman & 304 & 52.14 \\ \cline{2-4}  & Male & 279 & 47.86 \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{Method of Arrival to the Hospital} & 112 Ambulance & 271 & 46.48 \\ \cline{2-4}  & Outpatient & 312 & 53.52 \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{Age} & Median & IRQ & Mean & S.D. \\ \cline{2-4}  & 66.00 & 24.00 & 63.42 & 17.41 \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{PNI Value} & Median & & \\  & (Cut-off Score) & 36.11 & 12.51 \\ \cline{1-1} \cline{2-4}  & 38.00 & & \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 1: Descriptive information about the participants in the study. When Table 3 was analyzed, a statistically significant difference was found between the diagnoses of the patients according to the PNI classification (\(\chi^{2}\) = 71.387; \(p<0.001\)). Patients with PNI values below the cut-off score (\(<\)38) were diagnosed with GI bleeding (\(n\) = 90), cirrhosis (\(n\) = 46), and pancreatitis (\(n\) = 39), respectively. Patients with PNI values above the cut-off score (\(\geq\)38) were diagnosed with pancreatitis (\(n\) = 103), GI bleeding (\(n\) = 66), and cholodochiliasis and cholecystitis (\(n\) = 29). When Table 4 was analyzed, a statistically significant difference was found between the results of the patients according to the PNI classification (\(\chi^{2}\) = 13.097; \(p<0.001\)). Patients with PNI values below the cut-off score (\(<\)38) (\(n\) = 182) and those with PNI values above the cut-off score (\(\geq\)38) (\(n\) = 212) were hospitalized most frequently. Hospitalized patients had a PNI value 0.72 times lower than that of discharged patients (Odds Ratio: 0.72). Patients admitted to the intensive care unit had a PNI value 2.04 times lower than that of discharged patients (Odds Ratio: 2.04). Hospitalized patients had a PNI value 0.36 times lower than that of intensive care unit patients (Odds Ratio: 0.36). A significant difference was observed between the patient outcomes according to the PNI values (\(p\) = 0.002). The median PNI value of patients with hospitalization outcome was 39.00 (IQR: 14.76), the median PNI value of discharged patients was 36.50 (IQR: 14.25), and the median PNI value of patients with intensive care outcome was 33.17 (IQR: 11.79).