## 3 Results
Values are mean \(\pm\) s.e.m. (CV). Parameters are duration (ms), start frequency (Fstart, kHz), end frequency (Fend, kHz), centre frequency (Fcentre, kHz), and frequency of maximum energy (Emax, kHz). Parameters presented here for _Plecotus auritus_ should not be taken as indicative of the species. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{l c c c c c c c c c c}  & (3.24) & (26.27) & (31.31) & (35.64) & (37.11) & (4.57) & (2.63) & (0.46) & (0.80) & (0.40) & (0.52) & 41.188 PM, 00 K \\ _Pipientella \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{l c c c c c} \hline \hline _Myotis mystacinusus_ & 2.64\(\pm\)0.53 & 107.81\(\pm\)1.22 & 35.36\(\pm\)1.07 & 64.39\(\pm\)1.29 & 56.59\(\pm\)1.02 \\  & (0.32) & (0.12) & (0.18) & (0.16) & (0.14) \\ _Myotis nattereri_ & 3.41\(\pm\)1.04 & 123.55\(\pm\)1.57 & 25.65\(\pm\)0.84 & 76.48\(\pm\)1.88 & 66.21\(\pm\)2.08 \\  & (0.56) & (0.14) & (0.17) & (0.21) & (0.26) \\ _Nyectalus leisleri_ & 7.94\(\pm\)0.99 & 58.93\(\pm\)1.81 & 27.67\(\pm\)0.94 & 32.09\(\pm\)0.78 & 31.02\(\pm\)0.72 \\  & (0.35) & (0.24) & (0.18) & (0.14) & (0.13) \\ _Nyectalus nocula_ & 17.34\(\pm\)1.92 & 38.94\(\pm\)1.96 & 21.94\(\pm\)0.7 & 25.21\(\pm\)0.77 & 24.3\(\pm\)0.65 \\  & (0.46) & (0.31) & (0.15) & (0.15) & (0.13) \\ _Plecotus auritus_ & 1.12\(\pm\)0.72 & 58.87\(\pm\)1.25 & 40.47\(\pm\)1.65 & 51.43\(\pm\)1.48 & 51.28\(\pm\)1.53 \\  & (0.68) & (0.16) & (0.26) & (0.21) & (0.21) \\ _Pipistrellus pipistrellus_ & 5.39\(\pm\)0.77 & 81.16\(\pm\)1.51 & 45.34\(\pm\)0.35 & 47.5\(\pm\)0.29 & 46.81\(\pm\)0.28 \\  & (0.33) & (0.17) & (0.05) & (0.04) & (0.04) \\ _Pipistrellus pygmaeus_ & 7.56\(\pm\)0.95 & 93.47\(\pm\)1.45 & 51.2\(\pm\)0.37 & 53.34\(\pm\)0.26 & 52.79\(\pm\)0.25 \\  & (0.35) & (0.15) & (0.05) & (0.04) & (0.03) \\ _Rhinolophus ferrumequinum_ & 51.35\(\pm\)1.76 & 67.47\(\pm\)0.25 & 64.92\(\pm\)0.4 & 82.54\(\pm\)0.06 & 82.22\(\pm\)0.06 \\  & (0.25) & (0.03) & (0.05) & (0.01) & (0.01) \\ _Rhinolophus hipposideros_ & 42.58\(\pm\)1.52 & 94.49\(\pm\)0.39 & 92.33\(\pm\)0.66 & 111.36\(\pm\)0.14 & 111.06\(\pm\)0.13 \\  & (0.23) & (0.04) & (0.07) & (0.01) & (0.01) \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 3: Cont. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{l c c c c}  & \multicolumn{4}{c}{Correct Classification Rate (\%)} \\ Genus & Calls & DFA & SVM & ENN \\ \hline _Barbastella_ & 35 & 97 & 100 & 100 \\ _Eptiesicus_ & 57 & 74 & 79 & 98 \\ _Myotis_ & 219 & 92 & 99 & 100 \\ _Nyctalus_ & 172 & 58 & 88 & 95 \\ _Pipistrellus_ & 34 & 96 & 91 & 97 \\ _Plectous_ & 135 & 71 & 97 & 100 \\ _Rhinolphus_ & 61 & 100 & 98 & 100 \\ \hline Mean & & 81 & 93 & 98 \\ \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 4: Correct identification rates of echolocation calls by DFA, SVM and ENN classifying to genus. Rates are rounded to the closest integer. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{l c c c c c}  & \multicolumn{4}{c}{**Correct Classification Rate (\%)**} \\
**Species** & **Calls** & **DFA** & **SVM** & **ENN** & **Hier. Ensembles** \\ \hline _B. barbastellus_ & 35 & 97 & 97 & 100 & 100 \\ _E. serotinus_ & 57 & 56 & 75 & 98 & 98 \\ _M. bechsteinii_ & 25 & 88 & 88 & 100 & 100 \\ _M. [PERSON]_ & 50 & 68 & 80 & 94 & 98 \\ _M. daubentonii_ & 25 & 80 & 80 & 100 & 96 \\ _M. mystacinus_ & 36 & 42 & 64 & 97 & 97 \\ _M. nattereri_ & 83 & 71 & 94 & 99 & 100 \\ _N. leisleri_ & 84 & 45 & 71 & 91 & 88 \\ _N. nocula_ & 88 & 73 & 86 & 99 & 98 \\ _P. auritus_ & 34 & 62 & 94 & 97 & 97 \\ _P. pipistrellus_ & 36 & 81 & 92 & 100 & 100 \\ _P. pygmaeus_ & 99 & 80 & 99 & 100 & 100 \\ _R. ferrumequinum_ & 24 & 100 & 100 & 100 & 100 \\ _R. hipposideros_ & 37 & 100 & 97 & 100 & 100 \\ Mean & & 73 & 87 & 98 & 98 \\ \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 5: Correct identification rates of echolocation calls to species level achieved by DFA, SVM, ENN and hierarchical ensembles (Hier. Ensembles) of networks. Rates are rounded to the closest integer. Unlike DFA and artificial neural networks, the SVMs in this study did not have to classify a call as belonging to an output group and can leave it unclassified. The optimal (i.e.