## 1 Introduction  
The rapid evolution of cyberspace, over the last two decades, has had an impact on every facet of human life. The increase in the range, volume and speed of communications, which are offered within the cyberspace, have beyond doubt affected the way people are governed, how companies deliver their services and, overall, how societies interact. The cyberspace also depicts an increasing number of difficulties related to security. This is evident from how vulnerable critical infrastructures are to cyberattacks, while the global economy is unprotected against cybercrime and cyber-espionage. Damages of great value occur from spam, sophisticated Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attacks, viruses and worms. As a result, member states have a well-defined cyberspace in their security doctrines and military as a new domain of protection, investigation and conflict. Organisations, for example EU and NATO, treat cybersecurity as an issue of great importance affecting the defence and security of member states and the organisations per se [1]. The terms Healthcare 4.0, Health 4.0, Medical Industry 4.0 and Healthcare Industry 4.0 are associated with 4 IR in healthcare [2]. Technologies related to 4 IR are manufacturing systems, cloud-based design and the industrial Internet of Things. The common major challenge with these internet technologies is the applicability of cyber security and data privacy [3]. Users, ideally, should maintain a good level of cyber hygiene, via regular software updates and development of unique passwords, as an effective way to become resilient to cyberattacks. Cyber hygiene refers to keeping proper guidelines and norms and involves establishing healthy cyber behaviours within the cyberspace to protect any available data from hackers [4]. However, it is evident from the high volume of attacks that many users keep poor cyber hygiene, as they share personal information via social networks and freely share passwords as well [5]. Hackers know well that the easiest way to access a system is to find a technical vulnerability or steal an individual's information. There is an urgent need to help individuals improve their behavioural responses and cyber hygiene. Weak cybersecurity has a detrimental financial cost on society. More specifically, the Ponemon Institute [6] conducted the Second Annual Cost of Cyber Crime Study showing that US organisations' average cost of cyberattacks is $17.36 million, Japan's is 8.39 million, Germany's $7.84 million, United Kingdom's $7.21 million, Brazil's $5.27 million and Australia's $4.3 million. These average estimated values of the attacks are only increasing since 2014. The study indicated that the reasons that the organisations experience the attacks are 98% associated with malware, 70% associated with social engineering and phishing, 63% web-based attacks, 61% associated with malicious code, 55% associated with botnets, 50% associated with stolen devices, 49% associated with denial of services and 41% associated with malicious insiders. It is worth noting that the organisations that experienced social engineering and phishing-related attacks have risen by 8% from 2015 to 2016.  
Besides organisations, which are clearly affected by cyberattacks, end users are also greatly impacted by major losses from these cybersecurity breaches. The FBI's Internet Crime Complaints Center (IC3) [7] has provided useful data on cyber crimes reported by American citizens. Only in 2015, 288,012 complaints of cyber crimes were filed in by the FBI and more than 40% of those complaints were followed by monetary losses. The same year, the total amount of losses was officially reported as $1,070,711,522, with $8421 being the average report of a loss. Even though gender and age are not detrimental factors influencing cybertimes, it has been recorded that males aged 50-59 years had a high victim count of 31,473 and for females aged 40-49 years, 29,559 reported cybertimes. Meanwhile, there were 1648 women and men in all age groups, who reported over $100,000 in losses.