## 6 Conclusions and Policy Implications  
While including multivariate logistic regression, this study also gradually introduces the NTL, _GPP_, Road maps, and _LST_ data to establish an optimal model for spatial zoning of the Su-Xi-Chang region. In the context of rapid urbanization and industrialization, we construct a spatial measurement model of land use conflict for rapidly urbanizing areas to quantitatively analyze the spatio-temporal characteristics in Su-Xi-Chang region for the years 1990 to 2018. The findings show that the core, fringe, and suburban zones of the Su-Xi-Chang region accounted for 9.61%, 11.06%, and 79.33% of the urban agglomerations, respectively. In combination with the result of polynomial fitting, the USAI effectively represents the intensity of human activities and identifies the layer structure and spatial partition of urban agglomerations. The LUCI shows an overall adverse trend from 1990 to 2018. Its structure the CI and SI exhibit minor fluctuations in the fringe and suburb zones, while the FI shows S-shaped curves during the study period. Land use conflicts are especially prominent in the fringe zone and areas experiencing rapid urban-rural transformation and terrain transition. Moreover, two typical conflict zones are identified through hotspot analysis, i.e., the Su-Xi-Chang urban-rural interface and the terrain transition areas. Despite the limitations, the results of this study can be applied to countries and regions experiencing similar problems as they can provide scientific guidance to combat land use conflict and help coordinate land management at a national level or local level. Given the above findings and regional characteristics of the Su-Xi-Chang region, we propose the following policies to promote the rational use of natural land capital and the decoupling of land capital occupation from the urbanization process based on the partition perspective. 1. Considering that land use competition is fierce, the rapid urban expansion and frequent changes in land use patterns, such as cultivated land, forests, and grassland, are more likely to cause landscape fragmentation in the fringe zone and surrounding areas of central cities with fragile ecological environments (Wujiang, South of Wuxi City and Huishan). Measures related to the cultivated and forest land protection such as the Grain for Green Project and cropland held-replenish balance should be strictly implemented to improve the carrying capacity of the environment. Likewise, later monitoring and management are crucial for the maintenance of ecological restoration achievements due to the rapid expansion of urban construction land. 2. In the core zone that features a higher level of economic development and urbanization, construction land has high comparative advantage over cultivated and ecologicalones due to the development stage of China. Therefore, it is necessary to delineate the boundary line of urban development so as to reasonably control the extent of urban expansion. 3. At the same time, reasonably controlling the boundary of urban space expansion and optimizing the population structure can give autonomy to the powerful driving effect of talents to the economy instead the overuse of natural resources. 4. In the suburban zone, the areas with intense and severe conflict levels are widespread and fragmented due to the high spatial competition between cultivated land and forests or grassland and rapid urban expansion. Our results could well serve the national strategy to better coordinate the ecological, production, and urban spaces through rational division of the basic farmland protection line, urban development boundary, and the ecological protection red line [58]. For ecological lands such as forests, grassland, and water, which have lower competition than other production lands, it is necessary to prevent their use as cultivated and construction lands in order to maintain their ecosystem structure and functions. Conceptualization, G.Q. and Y.W. ; data collection process, G.Q. and S.G.; methodology, G.Q. and L.Q.