the regulation principles of active and reactive power flow gradients (PFG) for multiple characteristic independent variables (CIVs) at several selected critical points (SCP) in a system under different operation conditions. The authors of [5] present a suitable technique for optimizing the operation of photovoltaic systems by continuously extracting the maximum power even under the worst cases of atmospheric variations. The authors of [6] propose a suitable inverter topology to overcome the challenge of buck-typed conversion in traditional photovoltaic (PV) grid-connected inverters. The proposed inverter circuit is formed by adopting a forward converter to generate a rectified sine wave and combining with the active-clamp circuit to reset the residual magnetic flux of the transformer. The study of [7] investigates the optimal performance for the control of Z-source inverters in the presence of uncertainties, such as parameter perturbation, unmodeled dynamics, and load disturbances, which are naturally available in any power systems. A novel robust linear quadratic integral (LQI)-based control design procedure is presented to preserve the performance of the inverter against uncertainties while a proper level of disturbance rejection is satisfied. The study by [PERSON] et al. [8] sheds light on state-of-the-art modular multilevel converter (MMC) technologies and their operation and control in stationary applications. The conventional and advanced submodule and overall topologies of MMC configuration are also presented. The authors of [9] propose a new transformerless high-voltage-gain DC-DC converter for low- and medium-power applications. The proposed converter has a high quadratic gain and utilizes only two inductors to achieve this gain. The findings of the paper are finally validated through a hardware prototype of 200 W of the proposed converter. A generalized structure for a single-phase switched-capacitor multilevel inverter (SCMLI) with self-voltage boosting and a self-voltage balancing capability is studied in [10] and a detailed analysis of a general structure of SCMLI is presented afterwards. The comparative analysis of the structures is carried out with recently reported topologies to demonstrate superiority and complemented by simulation and experimental results for single-unit symmetric (9-level voltage) and asymmetric (17-level voltage) configurations. In the study of [11], the loss resulting from the shading of the shingled string used to manufacture the shingled module is analyzed via a simulation. A divided cell is modeled using a double-diode model, and a shingled string is formed by connecting the cells in series. The shading pattern is also simulated according to the shading ratio of the vertical and horizontal patterns. [PERSON] et al. [12] performed a comparative analysis of solutions to improve transient stability, both rotor angle and frequency stability. These solutions are SVC, STATCOM, a fast excitation system, and an additional parallel transmission line. Sensitivity analyses were performed to evaluate the effects of the location of the three-phase fault line and the most effective SVC or STATCOM installation bus. Based on these analyses, a worst-case fault is considered, and the critical fault clearing time is determined as an engineering parameter to compare different solutions. In [13], the authors investigate the photo-sintering process for the absorber layer of Cu\({}_{2}\)ZnSnS\({}_{4}\) solar cells. A Cu\({}_{2}\)ZnSnS\({}_{4}\) layer was grown using hot-injection and screen-printing techniques, and the characteristics of the photo-sintered Cu\({}_{2}\)ZnSnS\({}_{4}\) layer were evaluated using X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray analysis, Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, and field emission scanning electron microscopy. Finally, the authors of [14] present a new maximum power point tracking (MPPT) framework for photovoltaic (PV) systems based on the renorma optimization algorithm (ROA) subjected to standard and partial shading conditions.