# Dynamic Responses of Liquid Storage Tanks Caused by Wind and Earthquake in Special Environment
## 7 Conclusions  
Considering shell-liquid interaction and shell-wind interaction, calculation model of liquid storage tanks is established. The dynamic responses of liquid storage tanks under wind, earthquake, and wind and earthquake are studied comparatively. Besides, the influences of wind speed and wind interference effect on the dynamic responses of the liquid storage tank are discussed. The main conclusions are as follows:  
1. Although it is commonly believed that structure dynamic responses are usually dominated by either wind or earthquake, when wind speed is high, responses of liquid storage tanks under wind are greater than that under earthquake, besides, responses of liquid storage tanks under combination of wind and earthquake are more important. Results indicate that it is necessary to consider the combination of wind and earthquake actions in the design of liquid storage tank.
2. When wind speed increases from 10 m/s to 20 m/s, under combined action of earthquake and wind, tank dynamic responses are significantly increased; especially, tank wall stress is even close to the yield strength of steel (235 Mpa).
3. Liquid storage tanks have different performance under earthquake or wind, the maximum responses under wind load are located in the upper region without liquid filling, while the maximum responses under earthquake are located in the lower area of liquid storage tank; while the locations of maximum responses under combination of wind and earthquake are related to wind speed.
4. Wind disturbance effect has a significant influence on liquid storage tanks and the wind field, and the position of maximum response will be also changed after wind disturbance effect being considered. Besides, dynamic responses corresponding to double tanks are obviously larger than that of single tanks, it can be seen that if the wind disturbance effect is not considered, the responses will be underestimated.  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c} \hline \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**Item**} & \multicolumn{4}{c}{**Dynamic Responses**} \\ \cline{2-5}  & **Effective Stress/MPa** & **Displacement/mm** & **Base Shear Force/kN** & **Wind Velocity/m/s** \\ \hline Single tank & 218.96 & 13.13 & 951.11 & 35.59 \\ Double tank & 233.81 & 18.02 & 1263.77 & 52.13 \\ Difference ratio & 9.07\% & 37.24\% & 32.85\% & 46.47\% \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}
Table 4: Effect of wind interference on absolute maximum responses.  
(5) In order to consider combination of wind and earthquake, the effective stress, displacement, and base shear force obtained by conducting SRSS for wind and earthquake alone conditions are very different from considering wind and earthquake at the same time.  
Methodology, [PERSON]; software, [PERSON] and H.F.; formal analysis, [PERSON] and H.F.; writing--original draft preparation, [PERSON]; writing--review and editing, [PERSON].  
This paper is a part of the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (grant no. 2018M633652 XB), a part of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (grant no. 51368039), a part of the Hongliu Outstanding Young Talents Support Program of Lanzhou University of Technology (grant no. 04-061807) and a part of the Open Foundation of International Research Base on Seismic Mitigation and Isolation of Gansu Province (grant no. TM-QK-1904).  
The authors declare no conflict of interest.