## 1 Introduction  
When cracks form in concrete, they tend to propagate rapidly and eventually lead to failure. However, when reinforced with fibers, the progression of cracks is inhibited by the fibers embedded in the concrete, inducing a ductile failure effect. Fiber reinforced concretes (FRCs) have been used to improve the mechanical properties of concrete caused by its brittle nature [1; 2; 3; 4; 5; 6]. This phenomenon known as flexible concrete behavior occurs when fiber reinforcement significantly increases the maximum stress and deformation of concrete even after the occurrence of cracks. Recently, FRCs using three dimensional fabrics have been developed to improve the reinforcement performance of concrete structures, these three dimensional fabrics have an excellent load-bearing capacity, ductility, thinness, lightweight characteristics, and exceptional resistance to corrosion [7; 8; 9; 10; 11; 12; 13]. However, despite these advantages, conventional FRCs has limitations due to the uniform dispersion of fibers caused by the two dimensional fabric layers. To overcome these limitations, it is necessary to develop a geosynthetic cementitious composite mat (GCCM), which is a reinforcing material to which a three dimensional structure is applied. The typical structure of a GCCM comprises an outer layer ('upper fabric) for concrete flow, an inner layer filled with concrete mixture, and an outer layer ('lower fabric) to prevent concrete loss, as shown in Figure 1. A major advantage of GCCMs is their rapid installation, enabling a rate up to 10 times faster, at 200 m\({}^{2}\)/h, compared to using concrete alone. Due to its high stiffness and impermeability, GCCMs are used for applications such as slope protection and soil erosion control [14; 15; 16; 17; 18; 19].  
Previous research on GCCMs has explored various aspects, including the tensile behavior of three dimensional fabrics with geometric patterns, patterns of GCCM upper and lower fabrics, three dimensional fabric structures modeling for seismic design, and mechanical behavior of needle punched structures in geotextiles [20; 21; 22; 23; 24]. Some studies have highlighted the challenges in maintaining consistent physical properties of needle punched GCCMs due to manufacturing methods and the adhesive strength between the fabric and cement. However, existing research has not adequately addressed the design of the 3D fiber structure of the upper and lower fabrics, or the seaming yarn of GCCMs. To maintain the advantageous constant physical properties of GCCMs, a holistic approach is needed, considering the integral fiber matrix structure design and exploring three-dimensional fiber matrix bonding between the fabric structure and the cement layer [25; 26; 27; 28].  
In this study, a three dimensional double raschel GCCM was manufactured using a raschel knitting machine, and basalt fibers were used as reinforcement yarn to control structural integrity and enhance the mechanical performance of the double raschel GCCM. The characteristics of the manufactured double raschel GCCM were analyzed based on concrete filling conditions. Furthermore, impact resistance was evaluated and bending strength was examined to verify the improvement of the concrete's ductile properties under environmental conditions.