## 2 Related Works
As far as the radio access network (RAN) is concerned, the multi-armed bandit (MAB) [32] approach represents an ideal solution for considering URLLC allocation of resources in IIoT environments in the case of periodic and aperiodic traffic and even in densely populated networks and offensive traffic. It is a distributed, user-centric approach based on machine learning, where the UE autonomously selects its uplink radio resources without waiting for scheduling grants or connection preconfiguration [33]. In order to decrease the latency between devices, semi-persistent scheduling outperforms the benchmark scheme and provides an end-to-end (E2E) latency below 1 ms, thereby representing a desirable solution for allocating resources for URLLC [16]. A wireless personal area network (WPAN) refers to a network for short-range ad hoc connections between portable consumer appliances and communication devices. The coverage area of a WPAN is generally within a radius of 10 m, which is smaller than that of a wireless local area network (LAN). The ad hoc connection contains two core evaluation indicators: one refers to the ability of the device to undertake both the main control function and the controlled function, and the other refers to the convenience of the device joining or leaving the existing network [34]. For the portable devices of a short-range WPAN, a smart plug hub (SPH) architecture for real-time measurement of the activities of daily living (ADL) can accomplish this task to some extent. This architecture overcomes the problems of low accuracy and privacy violation through sensor fusion and device collaboration [35]. Some researchers have found that using smart mirrors and biological information to perform device cooperation has higher accuracy in predicting user actions [36]. In addition, the selection of cooperation nodes is important for system communication. By using a fuzzy logic decision-making method, the BS can select the \"best cooperation node\" based on various criteria, which are cooperation node selection, the cooperation node's SNR and SER, the cooperation node's reputation, cooperation node strategy, and cooperation node location criteria. At the same time, the cooperation node can also use different strategies for transmission, which are the decode-and-forward strategy (DF), amplify-and-forward strategy (AF), and compress-and-forward strategy (CF) [37]. Based on the channel state information (CSI) of each cooperation node, using adaptive cooperation node selection strategies can minimize the system outage probability (SOP). It was indicated that AF cooperation nodes have been shown to be better than DF cooperation nodes in [38]. Although this single-path communication is widely used, it is difficult to satisfy or meet the latest requirements of 5G in terms of stability, reliability, and latency with it. The short-term feasibility and complexity of the above methods are not suitable for  
Figure 1: System model. some scenarios. In order to continue the research of R16, the idea of UE aggregation has been proposed [21; 39]. From the original single-path transmitting information to the current multi-path sending information at the same time, obviously, in comparison, the transmission rate is much higher than before, and stability is guaranteed to a certain extent [13].