## 3 Lean Management and Industry 4.0 Integration: Conceptual Approach
### Correlation Model for the Industry 4.0 Solutions with the Lean Practices
At the organizational level, the integrated delivery activity through CPS brings improvements to the classic JIT system by using IoT in the automatic processing of orders and the reduction in stock along the entire supply-production-customer logistics chain;
* Internet pf Things (IoT): This has positive process improvement effects in association with Lean techniques such as VSM 4.0 mapping by faster identification of waste in the value stream, collection and transmission of information flow on value creation processes and identification and monitoring of variations of functional aspects of the system; continuous flow manufacturing (JIT) improvement, zero defects by integrating Poka-yoke with IoT; interconnectivity of process objects, real-time data transmission and updating by associating IoT solutions with the \"pull system\" principle (virtual Kanban); streamlining visual monitoring (visual management), real-time decision-making processes and transparency through data and information transmitted quickly online to each employee; facilitating the logistics chain (lean supply chain management) through digitization and interconnectivity solutions and efficient planning of TPM;
* Additive Manufacturing (AM): This facilitates custom batch production of lightweight products but, at the same time, complex configurations that meet the quality characteristics required by customers. 3D printing and rapid prototyping can be combined with the JIT principle by individualizing products according to market requirements and increasing delivery flexibility. This new technology also makes its mark on the industrial maintenance business (TPM) by quickly replacing the various spare parts manufactured by 3D printing and shortening the production cycle. An association with the specific SMED method of Lean manufacturing derives from the elimination of preparation times, tool-device adjustment and the rapid change of parts in manufacturing. Other favorable effects of MA on Lean production include reducing material waste and costs and, thus, increasing sustainability in the industry by replacing expensive materials with others that have more efficient and environmentally friendly features;
* Simulation: In Industry 4.0, this has been developed in three directions: process simulation, product simulation and the new digital twin (DT) concept. Applied together with Lean practices in production, these simulation tools bring additional benefits: continuous flow (JIT), one-piece-flow, organization of pull production (Kanban) and CPS delivery (JIT), reduction of stocks (WIP--work in process) and waste disposal (Kaizen); rapid reconfiguration of the machine (SMED); optimizing the system layout (lean layout) by using VSM in identifying blockages and balancing production lines, by improving lead time, reducing through time and optimizing production capacity; making quality high-performance individualized products (TQM). Through digital twin simulations and virtual representations, processes can be optimized (dynamic VSM 4.0) and decisions can be made quickly and in real time by working in remote multifunctional teams with favorable effects, increasing productivity, reducing costs and accelerating the launch of products to customers. * Advanced Robotics: By integrating automated intelligent systems for transport, handling and warehousing logistics operations (AIV--automatic intelligent vehicles, AGV--automated guided vehicles), Industry 4.0 contributes significantly to increasing productivity and streamlining processes by facilitating continuous flow (JIT) and increasing operator performance through standardized work (Lean).