## 3 Documents by Type
### Co-Occurrence of Keywords  
A keyword co-occurrence analysis was conducted using VOSviewer software v1.6.20.0 on the final dataset of 75 studies. This analysis was performed to reveal how certain keywords frequently appear together across different documents, highlighting their thematic connection and linking related research items. In the VOSviewer software, this analysis was conducted using \"All Keywords\" as the unit of analysis and \"Full Counting\" as the counting method, which assigns equal weight to each keyword co-occurrence. This approach was chosen over fractional counting for co-authorship and bibliographic coupling analyses. From a total of 743 keywords, a keyword map was generated using a threshold of at least five occurrences per keyword, resulting in a visualization of 33 keywords. Figure 6 presents this keyword co-occurrence map, where \"Industry 4.0\" appeared most frequently (25 times), followed by \"accident prevention\" (22 times), \"virtual reality\" (19 times), \"occupational risks\" (15 times), and \"worker safety (12 times)\". Moreover, the results (Figure 6) reveal four dominant research clusters:  
* Cluster 1 (Red): This cluster is comprised of 14 keywords and focuses on topics related to Industry 4.0 technologies, OHS, and accident prevention. It emphasizes Industry 4.0 technologies such as IoT, AI, and CPS, and how they can be utilized to prevent accidents, enhance OHS, and workers' wellbeing.
* Cluster 2 (Green): With nine keywords, this cluster centers on Industry 5.0, smart manufacturing, human-centricity, and worker safety. It highlights the shift to Industry 5.0 that marks a change toward human-centered smart manufacturing that utilizes technologies like DT, AR, COBOTS, or HRC, with a focus on worker safety.
* Cluster 3 (Blue): This cluster includes seven keywords related to safety and personal training of the workers by using virtual environments and VR technologies.
* Cluster 4 (Yellow): Containing only three keywords, human, ergonomics, and occupational health, this cluster solely reflects the importance of workers' health that can be monitored in real-time using ergonomic analysis via DT, IM technologies towards a smart, human-centric, safe, and sustainable manufacturing ecosystem.  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Sr. No** & **Research Study** & **Year** & **Citations** & **Source** \\ \hline
1 & [36] & 2018 & 307 & Safety Science \\
2 & [39] & 2020 & 128 & Sustainability (Switzerland) \\
3 & [49] & 2022 & 66 & Computers and Industrial Engineering \\
4 & [50] & 2018 & 59 & IFIP Advances in Information and Communication Technology \\
5 & [51] & 2022 & 56 & Safety Science \\
6 & [52] & 2018 & 52 & 2018 IEEE 16 th Student Conference on Research and Development, SCOReD 2018 \\
7 & [3] & 2023 & 48 & Process Safety and Environmental Protection \\
8 & [1] & 2021 & 40 & International Journal of Computer Integrated Manufacturing \\
9 & [5] & 2023 & 37 & Administrative Sciences \\
10 & [8] & 2023 & 35 & Heliyon \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}
Table 1: Top 10 publication sources.  
The presence of these research themes highlights the growing focus on immersive and real-time technologies for proactive safety solutions in manufacturing. Future research should delve deeper into these areas to uncover more impactful insights.