## 3 Numerical Calculation Results and Analysis
### Comparison of Numerical Simulation Results with Wind Tunnel Test Results
Moreover, all four antennas have their flat ends facing the wind, significantly enlarging the wake region, which results in the highest overturning force coefficient on the telecommunication tower; at a 90\({}^{\circ}\) wind direction, relative to the inflow direction, two of the antennas and the tower cylinder are in a serial arrangement, and the remaining two antennas are also serially arranged, resulting in the strongest blocking effect and significantly reducing the overturning force coefficient on the telecommunication tower. When four antennas are in arrangement form 2, at the 0\({}^{\circ}\) and 180\({}^{\circ}\) wind directions, relative to the inflow direction, there are two antennas and the tower cylinder in a serial arrangement, but at the 180\({}^{\circ}\) wind direction, the remaining two antennas face the wind with their circular ends, significantly reducing the wake region and, thus, lowering the overturning force coefficient of the tower. At the 60\({}^{\circ}\) and 120\({}^{\circ}\) wind directions, there is one antenna and the tower cylinder in a serial arrangement, and another two antennas are also serially arranged, but at the 60\({}^{\circ}\) wind direction, one antenna is completely in the wake region of the tower cylinder, and the fourth antenna is facing the wind with its circular end, also significantly reducing the wake region, resulting in a decrease in the overturning force coefficient of the tower. When four antennas are in arrangement form 3, due to the better uniformity of the four antennas, the flow field around them changes less with wind direction, making the overturning force coefficient on the tower less sensitive to changes in the wind direction. Figure 13: Variation curve of wind load on the telecommunication tower with wind direction when 4 antennas are arranged. (**a**) Drag coefficient. (**b**) Windward base overturning moment coefficient. (**c**) Lateral force coefficient. (**d**) Crosswind base overturning moment coefficient. (**e**) Overturning force coefficient. (**f**) Overturning moment coefficient. Figure 15 shows in detail the variation of the wind load on the telecommunication tower with the antenna arrangement number for a single layer arrangement under different wind directions, where the cases with two and four antennas display the maximum wind load coefficient values for different arrangement forms. From Figure 15, it can be seen that the values of the drag coefficient and the windward base overturning moment coefficient are always very close to those of the overturning force coefficient and the overturning moment coefficient. The lateral force coefficient and the crosswind base overturning moment coefficient of the telecommunication tower vary with the antenna arrangement number in a similar pattern and are very small in value, showing a trend of initially increasing and then decreasing as the antenna arrangement number increases. The maximum value is reached when two antennas are arranged at a 90\({}^{\circ}\) wind direction. It is also clear that the sensitivity of the telecommunication tower's overturning force coefficient to the wind direction varies with different antenna arrangement numbers. When a single antenna is used in the arrangement, the overturning force coefficient of the tower changes slightly within the 30\({}^{\circ}\) to 150\({}^{\circ}\) wind direction range and significantly decreases at the 0\({}^{\circ}\) and 180\({}^{\circ}\) wind directions, approaching the bare tower condition without antennas. When three antennas are used in the arrangement, the tower's overturning force coefficient significantly decreases at the 60\({}^{\circ}\) and 180\({}^{\circ}\) wind directions, with the overturning force coefficient values being nearly equal at other wind directions.