## 1 Introduction
Some typical VAW and VSF devices are shown in Figure 1.  
Similar to magnetic and dielectrophoretic manipulation, VAW uses vibration to excite a wide range of acoustic fields in the medium, where gradient forces are used to manipulate the particles or cells. Acoustic radiation manipulation devices can be used for transport [13; 14; 15], sorting and filtering [16; 17], trapping [18; 19], patterning of particles or cells [20; 21; 22], droplet generation [23], and fusion [24]. Acoustic radiation force can be generated using many methods such as surface acoustic waves (SAWs) and bulk acoustic waves (BAWs). Micromanipulation by acoustic waves is arguably the most popular and mature research solution. The actuators of these devices are usually stationary and can generate a widely distributed acoustic field in channels or chambers. Different from the complex principle of acoustic field force, SAW and BAW are the two branches separated from each other based on the propagation forms. Compared with BAW devices, SAW devices are more diverse, including in-plane manipulating devices and acoustic actuators arrays, which results in an efficient operating process in the simultaneous transport and patterning of multiple particles. Interfaces between different media are straightforward to find, which is the basis of SAW propagation. BAW devices usually have a certain depth and stable propagation medium. BAW devices have viscous boundary layers at the fluid cavity walls that cause boundary-driven streaming on the boundary parallel to the propagation direction [25]. The existence of boundary streaming restricts the wave's propagation in the boundary direction, which generated concentrated acoustic waves. However, numerical analysis of the BAW boundary streaming is a troublesome task. In the cross-sectional direction, BAWs can generate a Bessel vortex, where particles can be trapped in the center. The BAW devices generate acoustic beams for manipulation, which is similar to magnetic tweezers and optical tweezers, which we also label as acoustic beam actuators. Traveling and standing acoustic waves are two different manifestations. Traveling acoustic waves propagate in a certain direction, where the particles in the traveling acoustic wave field usually move in the same direction. Standing waves are generally superimposed by traveling waves of the same frequency propagating in opposite directions, which can be generated by a reflecting plate or symmetrically arranged transducers. The superposition of two waves generates nodes or potential wells with the lowest potential energy in the acoustic field, where particles gather spontaneously. Considering both traveling and standing waves have been applied in micromanipulation, the micromanipulation based on SAW can be further divided to using traveling SAW (TSAW) and standing SAW (SSAW). TSAW and SSAW are common concepts of in-plane micromanipulation. One of the important characteristics of micromanipulation based on BAWs is using high-frequency vibration to induce ultrasonic waves. Thus, to emphasize the high frequency used, the micromanipulation based on BAWs can be divided to manipulation by ultrasonic traveling waves (UTWs) and ultrasonic standing waves (USWs) [26; 27]. Different from the use of acoustic actuators to generate ultrasonic waves for operation, the high-frequency vibration of a certain geometric structure can be used to generate acoustic streaming, medium flow, or vortexes--the VSF devices. Compared with the method mentioned above, VSF devices can achieve more complex functions that focus on single particles such as translation, rotation,  
Figure 1: Schematic diagrams of several typical (**a–d**) vibration-induced acoustic wave (VAW) and (**e–g**) vibration-induced streaming flow (VSF)devices (introduced in Section 4): (**a**) cell sorting device based on traveling surface acoustic wave (TSAW) [16], which is a widely used scheme; (**b**) dynamic acoustic field micromanipulation device based on standing surface acoustic wave (SSAW).