# The Limited Impact of Running Performance on Football Success in the Turkish Super League
## 4 Discussion
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c c c c c} \hline \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**Parameter**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**B**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**Std. Error**} & \multicolumn{3}{c}{**95\% Wald Confidence Interval**} & \multicolumn{3}{c}{**Hypothesis Test**} & \multicolumn{3}{c}{**95\% Wald**} \\  & & & & **Interval** & & & & **Exp(B)** & \multicolumn{3}{c}{**Confidence Interval**} \\  & & & **Lower** & **Upper** & **Wald Chi-Square** & **df** & **Sig.** & & **Lower** & **Upper** \\ \hline (Intercept) & \(-10.911\) & 3.8635 & \(-18.483\) & \(-3.338\) & 7.975 & 1 & 0.005 & \(1.83\times 10^{-5}\) & 9.39\(\times 10^{-9}\) & 0.035 \\ \hline [Location = Home] & 1.138 & 0.2417 & 0.664 & 1.611 & 22.157 & 1 & 0.000 & \(3.119\) & 1.942 & 5.009 \\ \hline [Location = Away] & 0 & & & & & & & 1 & & \\ \hline Team strength & 0.082 & 0.0221 & 0.039 & 0.125 & 13.723 & 1 & 0.000 & \(1.085\) & 1.039 & 1.133 \\ \hline Opponent strength & \(-0.093\) & 0.0215 & \(-0.135\) & \(-0.051\) & 18.638 & 1 & 0.000 & \(0.911\) & 0.874 & 0.951 \\ \hline MED & 0.000 & 0.0001 & 0.000 & 0.000 & 0.934 & 1 & 0.334 & 1.000 & 1.000 & 1.000 \\ \hline LOW & 0.000 & 4.88\(\times 10^{-5}\) & 3.88\(\times 10^{-5}\) & 0.000 & 7.585 & 1 & 0.006 & 1.000 & 1.000 & 1.000 \\ \hline HS & 1.71\(\times 10^{-5}\) & 0.0002 & 0.000 & 0.000 & 0.006 & 1 & 0.941 & 1.000 & 1.000 & 1.000 \\ \hline SPR & 0.000 & 0.0004 & 0.000 & 0.001 & 1.136 & 1 & 0.286 & 1.000 & 1.000 & 1.001 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular} Note: Dependent variable: Result, model: (intercept), Location, Team strength, Opponent strength, MED, LOW, HS, SPR. The procedure models Win as the response, treating No win as the reference category.  
\end{table} 
Table 5: Parameter Estimates. Another important finding of the present research is that the location of the match as well as the strength of the team and the opponent significantly change the chances of a winning outcome. These findings are consistent with previous research. In particular, the existence of the home advantage is well known in soccer leagues worldwide [40]. This advantage has been confirmed by research for Turkish professional soccer as well [41]. The support of the crowd, familiarity with local conditions, travel fatigue, referee bias, and psychological factors can affect the performance of football players [42]. For these reasons, not only do bookmakers take the venue into account when setting odds, and the media frequently highlight the venue as an important factor in any result, but researchers also suggest that the effect of match location should be considered when studying the performance of teams or players [43]. Furthermore, recent research emphasizes the importance of team strength, including rankings, as a critical factor in predicting soccer match outcomes [44,45]. Many studies show that team ranking has a significant interaction with goal scoring [46,47], which is a major determining factor for the team's victory [48]. In fact, [PERSON] et al. [49] found that an increase in the rank difference would increase the number of goal scoring, implying that the quality of the opponent has the opposite effect. This is also confirmed by the research of [PERSON] et al. [50], who found a negative effect of the opponent's quality on the match outcome. This study presents some limitations that should be considered when interpreting its findings. Firstly, we used a static method, as the data were collected at the end of the matches. This means that changes occurring during the game's progress (match status) are not taken into account [48]. In contrast, the dynamic method more comprehensively covers the context of the match [51]. However, the static method is widely used in performance analysis and provides useful information [34,48]. Another limitation is the study's focus on a single season and league. The unique characteristics and competitive level of the Turkish first division during the 2021-2022 season may not reflect broader trends applicable to other leagues or seasons, limiting the external validity of the conclusions.