# A Web of Things-Based Emerging Sensor Network Architecture for Smart Control Systems
## 1 Introduction  
Pervasive and ubiquitous computing has favored the integration of physical objects into the digital world, which has been in the spotlight of the research community for the past few decades. The advancements in embedded device technology have resulted in the emergence of the smart things concept, which has boosted the notion of connecting everyday objects to the existing networks. The tremendous growth of smart things has led to a major breakthrough creating the Internet of Things (IoT) as the third wave of the Web after the Static Pages Web and the Social Networking Web. The IoT is expanding steadily thanks to the use of novel technologies, i.e., Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) and Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) [1]. RFID tags enhance the operational performance in supply chain management and warehouses. Similarly, WSN improves the smart home and smart city applications with the aid of the connected sensors. In addition, the sensor networks successfully implement environment monitoring applications. Nowadays, both academic and industrial experts are focused on improving and inventing low power communication protocols to enable effective communication among these devices. Bluetooth, IEEE 802.15.4, IPv6 over Low-Power Wireless Personal Area Network (6 LoWPAN), and Constrained Application Protocol (CoAP) are some of the assisting communication protocols [2]. Although these protocols can facilitate the integration of smart things at the network layer, at the application layer that is still a challenging task due to platform incompatibilities. Recent studies have identified the need for a common platform to integrate heterogeneous smart things. However, building a universal platform for smart things is a tedious task. Sensors networks are emerging every day and are considered the backbone of the IoT. Moreover, the transfer of information over the existing WSNs based on the current communication and routing protocols has several limitations, i.e., integration with the new paradigms such as smart homes and smart cities,dynamic routing issues and power management of the sensors. Therefore, refining a widely accepted platform instead of developing a new platform seems to be an advantageous approach. The Internet is a widespread network of computers that facilitates interoperability across heterogeneous hardware and software. In general, the Web consolidates open and simple standards to build efficient and scalable systems on top of the Internet [3]. However, streaming the data from the top of the Internet to the bottom is still a challenging job [4; 5]. Thus, an efficient and concise modification of the existing WSN protocols is necessary. The ubiquity and cross-platform interoperability make the Web an excellent fit for the universal platform demands. The Web is used to create scalable and collaborating applications. Continuous integration of smart things into the Internet has further confirmed the suitability of the Web as the mutual integration platform. Thereupon, the WoT arises as a novel paradigm that adapts conventional Web-associated technologies into the IoT. Indeed, WoT-ESN is an adaptation of the IoT which integrates smart things (all those objects connected to sensors) into the network layer as well as the application layer. The concept of WoT is entrusted to connect everything to the Web [6]. Web services reveal the data, in order to reuse information across the web. The integration of smart things into the Web is beneficial in many ways, i.e., faster sensing, increased sensing accuracy, transfer of the data in efficient ways avoiding faulty nodes, consideration of the positioning of the sensor nodes and cost efficiency [7; 8]. In addition, unlike the WoT, WoT-ESN uses reliable and stable Web architecture paradigms to integrate smart things (sensors, actuators, coordinators, etc.) into the Web [9]. For example, WoT-ESN utilizes the well-established Representational State Transfer as the architecture style to design networked applications [10].