## 5 Fuzzy-Set Qualitative Comparative Analysis
### Results of fsQCA
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c} \hline \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**Conception**} & \multicolumn{6}{c}{**Path**} \\ \cline{2-6}  & **P1** & **P2** & **P3** & **P4** & **P5** \\ \hline SQ & \(\bullet\) & & \(\otimes\) & \(\bullet\) & \(\bullet\) \\ IQ & \(\bullet\) & \(\bullet\) & \(\bullet\) & \(\otimes\) & \(\bullet\) \\ SI & & \(\bullet\) & \(\otimes\) & \(\otimes\) & \(\bullet\) \\ PA & \(\bullet\) & \(\bullet\) & \(\otimes\) & \(\otimes\) & \(\bullet\) \\ PC & \(\bullet\) & \(\bullet\) & \(\otimes\) & \(\otimes\) & \(\bullet\) \\ IM & \(\bullet\) & \(\bullet\) & \(\otimes\) & \(\bullet\) & \(\bullet\) \\ PU & \(\bullet\) & \(\bullet\) & \(\bullet\) & \(\bullet\) & \(\otimes\) \\ SA & \(\bullet\) & \(\bullet\) & \(\otimes\) & \(\otimes\) & \(\otimes\) \\ Consistency & 0.950 & 0.957 & 0.928 & 0.981 & 0.976 \\ Raw coverage & 0.477 & 0.472 & 0.212 & 0.221 & 0.200 \\ Unique coverage & 0.006 & 0.010 & 0.037 & 0.058 & 0.011 \\ Overall solution consistency & & & 0.807 & & \\ Overall solution coverage & & & 0.747 & & \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular} Note. – \(\bullet\) represents the presence of a core casual condition; “\(\bullet\)” represents the presence of a peripheral casual condition; “\(\otimes\)” represents the absence of a peripheral casual condition; blank spaces indicate that a condition may be either present or absent.  
\end{table} 
Table 7: Configurations that lead to high continuance intention towards autonomous learning. may weaken the strength of this intention. This highlights the need for a holistic approach when optimizing SDL environments, ensuring that no aspect is overlooked lest the overall effectiveness be compromised. Configuration P4 (SQ*-IQ*-SI*-PA*-PC*IM*PU*-SA): System-Centric Motivation Configuration. The results observed that the SQ emerged as a pivotal condition across multiple high-consistency configurations. High-quality system support is an important factor in stimulating and sustaining university students' intentions towards continued SDL. In addition, IM and PU as peripheral conditions show a reinforcing effect on the persistence intent of different configurations. Note that the IQ, SI, PA, PC and SA have potential effects. However, in the high-consistency configuration of this study, they are not necessary conditions but missing peripheral conditions. Configuration P5 (SQ*IQ*PC*SI*PA*IM*PU*SA): Integrated Quality and Autonomy Configuration. The results show that the SQ, the IQ, and PC occupy key positions in this configuration and lead to the persistence intent towards SDL. In addition, SI, PA, and IM act as peripheral conditions that collaborate with the core conditions in a particular configuration to form continuous intent. Note that PU and SA are missing peripheral conditions. While they do not appear directly in the configuration P5 leading to sustained intent, their influence has not been completely negated. This finding also implies that even if learners do not fully perceive the system as useful or achieve complete satisfaction, the combined effects of the core and peripheral conditions can still uphold their willingness to continue learning.