## 2 Proposal of the New Protection Definition
### The Methodology and the Setup Used for the Laboratory Tests
The values used were 11, 12, 70, and 120 dB, and their models are 8494A, 355C, 8495A, and 355D, respectively. The DTV modulator was configured to operate with the following parameters:  
* Transmission channel \(n=48\) UHF (674 MHz to 680 MHz);
* Channel BW: 5.572421 MHz;
* Parameters defined by the BTS flow:  
* Transmission mode 3;
* Guard interval 1/8;
* Layer A--one segment, quadrature phase shift keying (QPSK) modulation, forward error correction (FEC) 2/3;  
Figure 1: Block diagram of the test setup in the laboratory. Layer B--12 segments, 64 quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM), FEC 3/4. The transmission power of the DTV system and the RF attenuator were adjusted so that the following powers were delivered to the tested set-top box (STB): \(-77\) dBm, \(-70\) dBm, \(-60\) dBm, \(-50\) dBm, \(-40\) dBm, \(-30\) dBm, and \(-20\) dBm. It is noteworthy that the \(-77\) dBm value represents the reception sensitivity threshold, and the \(-20\) dBm value is the maximum recommended reception level according to the _Associacao Brasileira de Normas Tecnica_ (ABNT) _Normas Brasileira_ (NBR) 15604 standard [47]. The other power levels were defined to obtain a wide range for the analysis of the behavior of the tested receivers. The 5G-RANGE transceiver employing GFDM waveform for transmission [43] was considered as the interfering signal generator, representing a promising TVWS solution. The main characteristics of 5G-RANGE conception are summarized in Table 1[48]. The 5G-RANGE conception offers support for five different numerologies, each one with specific number of subcarriers, subcarrier spacing, Cyclic Prefix (CP) duration, and Cyclic Suffix (CS) duration. Each numerology supports a different terminal velocity and offers support for multipath protection, based on CP duration, which impacts theoretical system coverage. The modulation supported are QPSK, 16-QAM, 64-QAM, and 256-QAM. For the field tests mentioned, the adopted numerology was numerology 0, which offers support for long-distance coverage. The system conception considers a connection with a remote TVWS database to define its initial operation frequency. The TVWS database suggests channels that are not licensed for TV broadcasters. Additionally, 5G-RANGE considers the usage of the spectrum sensing algorithm, which is periodically executed to analyze the spectrum and determine if the frequency of operation in usage is really free. In addition to 5G-RANGE, a prototype eNodeB/gNodeB generator from Inatel was used for commercial 5G NR and 4G/LTE standards. It is important to mention that the signals for 4G and 5G technologies were generated using the same hardware but with different software configurations following distinct test modes and standards. A power amplifier from the manufacturer RFHIC based in Anyang, South Korea, model RWP05040 \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{l c c c c c c} \hline \hline  & & \multicolumn{5}{c}{**Numerologies**} \\ \hline
**ID** & **0** & **1** & **2** & **3** & **4** & **5** \\ \hline Sample rate (MHz) & & & & 30.72 & & \\ \hline Waveform & & & & GFDM (OFDM as a special case) & & \\ \hline Subcarrier spacing (MHz) & 1.875 & 3.75 & 7.5 & 15 & 30 & 30 \\ \hline Number of subcarriers & 16,384 & 8192 & 4096 & 2048 & 1024 & 1024 \\ \hline Number of active subcarriers & & & & & \\ (for BW 23.76 MHz) & 12,672 & 6336 & 3168 & 1584 & 792 & 792 \\ \hline GFDM subsymbols & 4 & 4 & 4 & 4 & 4 & 2 \\ \hline CP duration (\(\upmu\)s) & 141.7 & 70.8 & 35.4 & 17.7 & 8.9 & 4.4 \\ \hline CS duration (\(\upmu\)s) & 25 & 12.5 & 6.25 & 3.13 & 1.56 & 0.78 \\ \hline Symbol duration (\(\upmu\)s) & 2133.3 & 1066.7 & 533.3 & 266.7 & 133.7 & 66.7 \\ \hline Symbol duration (\(\upmu\)s) & 2300 & 1150 & 575 & 287 & 147.75 & 71.9 \\ \hline Modulation & QPSK up to & QPSK up to & QPSK up to & QPSK up to & QPSK up to \\ \multicolumn{1}{c}{256-QAM} & 256-QAM & 256-QAM & 256-QAM & 256-QAM & 256-QAM \\ \hline CP protection (km) & 230 & 120 & 60 & 30 & 14 & 7 \\ \hline Mobility supported (km/h) & 7 & 15 & 30 & 60 & 120 & 240 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}