# On the Integration of VLBI Observations to GENESIS into Global VGOS Operations
## 4 Results
### VGOS Performance with Mixed Schedules  
In the following, we investigate to what extent GENESIS degrades VGOS results when being included in the scheduling. The mixed schedules are analyzed following the VGOS processing. The results are averaged over four 24 h experiments on different days. Figure 11 presents the station position repeatabilities, dUT1 repetabilities, number of scans, and number of observations of geodetic sources for networks A, B, and C. The values are given as absolute numbers as well as percentage with respect to the VGOS schedule reference.  
The average station position repeatability tends to improve with larger MRTs for all three networks. This was to be expected, as with longer repeat times between scans of GENESIS, more observations of geodetic sources are performed, and the VLBI station positions are estimated with higher precision. At 1 min MRT, the degradation of the station position repeatability with respect to the VGOS schedule reference is at the level of 0.16 mm for the three networks. This is an equivalent percentage increase of about 6%. With MRTs equal to or larger than 4 min, the increase is less than 0.09 mm or 3.2% across all networks. In comparison, the variation in the station position repeatability across the best schedules presented in the VGOS schedule optimization in Section 4.1 is 7.3% for network A, 6.3% for network B, and 5.7% for network C. This shows that the scheduling and optimization of the scheduling weight factors lead to larger differences in the station position repeatabilities than the integration of GENESIS in VGOS schedules with MRTs of 4 min or more. Similar observations can be made for dUT1. The repetabilities for dUT1 are more noisy than for the station position and no clear improvement of the estimation can be detected with increasing MRT. With MRTs equal to or larger than 3 min, the increase with respect to the VGOS schedule reference is less than 0.06 us or 7% for networks A, B, and C. The differences in the dUT1 estimates across the best schedules of the VGOS schedule optimization are 11.9% for network A, 10.8% for network B, and 11.6% for network C. Similar to the station position repeatability, the optimization of the scheduling weight factors shows larger differences  
Figure 10: Number of stations with visibility to GENESIS in 24 h with an elevation mask of 5\({}^{\circ}\) for networks A, B, and C. The background shows whether GENESIS is in the northern hemisphere (NH) or the southern hemisphere (SH) during the time.  
across the best schedules in the dUT1 estimate than the degradation of the results due to integration of GENESIS into the schedules with MRTs larger than 3-min.  
For network A, the number of scans increases for larger MRTs. For network B, an increase can be seen with exceptions for 7 min and 9 min MRT. For network C, the most scans are at short MRTs. This is due to the effect of subnetting; while a part of the network observes GENESIS, another subnetwork observes geodetic sources. Because of the size of network C, several subnetworks are built leading to a larger number of scans with a fewer number of observations overall. As mentioned above, for all three networks, the number of observations of geodetic sources increases with larger MRTs for GENESIS. A significant decrease can be observed at first. At 1 min MRT, the number of observations drops by about 11.7%, 10.5%, and 9.8% with respect to the reference from the VGOS schedule for networks A, B, and C, respectively. At 5 min MRT, it drops by about 3.7%, 4.2%, and 4.1%. Based on the station position and dUT1 repeatabilities, and in order to maintain a reasonably large number of observations, the results suggest implementing GENESIS in VGOS schedules with MRTs of about 4 to 5 min or longer.