## 3 Results
### Writing Ability
#### 3.2.2 Letter Size  
Table 5 shows the results of comparing the letter sizes on the horizontal and vertical axes between the PS and NPS when writing Korean consonants and vowels using two types of writing aids. In the case of horizontal axis for Korean consonants, the letter size on the PS significantly increased by 20.4% when using AG and by 17.2% when using SW compared to the NPS, respectively (_p_ < 0.05). On the other hand, for the horizontal axis of Korean vowels, the letter size on the PS significantly increased by 20.4% compared to the NPS only when AG was used. Unlike the results on the horizontal axis, there were no significant differences in letter size between the PS and NPS for either Korean consonants or vowels. Additionally, the comparison of letter size differences when writing Korean consonants and vowels using AG and SW showed no significant difference on either the PS or NPS. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c} \hline \hline  & \begin{tabular}{c} **Speed** \\ **(s)** \\ \end{tabular} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Mean \(\pm\) SD**} & \begin{tabular}{c} **Shapiro-Wilk** \\ \(p\) **Value** \\ \end{tabular} & \
\begin{tabular}{c} **Mann–Whitney** \\ \(p\) **Value** \\ \end{tabular} &
\begin{tabular}{c} **Wilcoxon** \\ \(p\) **Value** \\ \end{tabular} \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{Consonants} & \multirow{2}{*}{AG} & PS & 73.9 \(\pm\) 13.2 & 0.026 & 0.814 & \multirow{4}{*}{0.003} \\ \cline{3-3} \cline{5-6}  & & NPS & 45.3 \(\pm\) 3.9 & 0.048 & 0.182 & \\ \cline{3-3} \cline{5-6}  & \multirow{2}{*}{SW} & PS & 73.7 \(\pm\) 8.4 & 0.039 & 0.814 & \multirow{4}{*}{\textless{}0.001} \\ \cline{3-3} \cline{5-6}  & & NPS & 47.8 \(\pm\) 5.4 & 0.049 & 0.182 & \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{Vowels} & \multirow{2}{*}{AG} & PS & 36.6 \(\pm\) 8.9 & 0.047 & 0.041 & \multirow{4}{*}{0.026} \\ \cline{3-3} \cline{5-6}  & & NPS & 23.3 \(\pm\) 1.4 & 0.041 & 0.091 & \\ \cline{3-3} \cline{5-6}  & & PS & 46.1 \(\pm\) 6.3 & 0.042 & 0.041 & \\ \cline{3-3} \cline{5-6}  & & NPS & 26.4 \(\pm\) 4.6 & 0.035 & 0.091 & \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 4: Differences in speed between the paralyzed side (PS) and nonparalyzed side (NPS) when writing Korean consonants and vowels using Angel Grip (AG) and Steady Write (SW). \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c c} \hline \hline  & \begin{tabular}{c} **Letter Size** \\ **(mm)** \\ \end{tabular} & & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Mean \(\pm\) SD**} & \begin{tabular}{c} **[PERSON]–Wilk** \\ \(p\) **Value** \\ \end{tabular} & \
\begin{tabular}{c} **[PERSON]–[PERSON]** \\ \(p\) **Value** \\ \end{tabular} &
\begin{tabular}{c} **[PERSON]** \\ \(p\) **Value** \\ \end{tabular} \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{Consonants} & \multirow{2}{*}{AG} & PS & 13.6 \(\pm\) 5.4 & 0.003 & 0.142 & \multirow{4}{*}{0.002} \\ \cline{3-3} \cline{5-6}  & & NPS & 11.3 \(\pm\) 1.1 & 0.015 & 0.530 & \\ \cline{3-6}  & & PS & 13.6 \(\pm\) 4.9 & 0.003 & 0.142 & \multirow{4}{*}{0.018} \\ \cline{3-3} \cline{5-6}  & & NPS & 11.6 \(\pm\) 0.9 & 0.036 & 0.530 & \\ \cline{3-6}  & & PS & 11.8 \(\pm\) 2.5 & 0.021 & 0.937 & \multirow{4}{*}{0.122} \\ \cline{3-3} \cline{5-6}  & & NPS & 10.5 \(\pm\) 1.7 & 0.017 & 0.447 & \\ \cline{3-6}  & & PS & 11.0 \(\pm\) 2.2 & 0.046 & 0.937 & \multirow{4}{*}{0.107} \\ \cline{3-6}  & & NPS & 10.4 \(\pm\) 1.4 & 0.027 & 0.447 & \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{Vowels} & \multirow{2}{*}{Horizontal axis} & \multirow{2}{*}{AG} & PS & 12.4 \(\pm\) 4.6 & 0.047 & 0.100 & \multirow{4}{*}{0.009} \\ \cline{3-6}  & & NPS & 10.3 \(\pm\) 1.6 & 0.048 & 0.098 & \\ \cline{3-6}  & & PS & 11.9 \(\pm\) 3.9 & 0.037 & 0.100 & \\ \cline{3-6}  & & NPS & 10.9 \(\pm\) 2.8 & 0.046 & 0.098 & \\ \cline{3-6}  & & PS & 13.1 \(\pm\) 2.7 & 0.017 & 0.969 & \multirow{4}{*}{0.082} \\ \cline{3-6}  & & NPS & 12.1 \(\pm\) 1.4 & 0.045 & 0.119 & \\ \cline{3-6}  & & PS & 12.0 \(\pm\) 2.9 & 0.036 & 0.969 & \multirow{4}{*}{0.320} \\ \cline{3-6}  & & NPS & 11.6 \(\pm\) 2.6 & 0.044 & 0.119 & \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}