## 4 Theoretical Framework  
The research design introduces the S-D logic concept and reliability analysis to explore the possibility of service innovation. In many companies, self-assessment and inspection mechanisms have not been implemented [51]. Regardless of whether the original design's integrity can meet manufacturer requirements, the establishment of a verification mechanism is still required [52]. Incorporating third-party stakeholder opinions into the review can effectively reduce the cost of trial and error [7; 53]. However, this process must be continuously updated and modified as the market reflects dynamics because losses may occur if the response is too slow or not reflected. For instance, the designer must consider customer requirements during the preliminary stage of the product design and incorporate product feedback into the revision or innovation consideration. Similar to service process innovation, process optimization cannot be accomplished solely by the service provider. The theoretical framework concludes the process by applying relevant theories and analytical approaches to generalize service innovation and evaluation. Integrating configurations for service delivery is essential in the framework of Industry 4.0. The hierarchical framework of the infrastructure is shown in Figure 2, indicating the different layers and relative functions. Although the service areas we are discussing are mainly the system and cloud layers, other related layers will also directly or indirectly affect its performance. For the manufacturing industry, many software and hardware services will be packaged and become solutions for customers [54]. For example, Siemens Manufacturing Services and ABB Automation integrate solutions for their customers to meet various criteria. Firm A is an electronics manufacturer that designs and manufactures automotive systems and consumer electronics for automakers and consumers. Firm A decided to invest in industrial automation products with a few automotive systems produced by various entities after designing and manufacturing various systems and products. Firm A can expand its business models and knowledge by establishing various services and value propositions. The concept of joint development and co-manufacturing has not yet been introduced into the framework of relevant stakeholders in the process of expansion. With the increase in cooperative projects, unintegrated and imperfectly planned design, Firm A has gradually fallen into the dilemma of poor quality and fewer customers. Under the orientation of Industry 4.0 development, Firm A has developed digital dashboards to monitor production issues. However, the development core is often related to the existing design and architecture [27]. Many system designs are obsolete and often require software refactoring or rebuilding, resulting in resource depletion. Although the integration of various parts will result in the duplication of work and wastage of resources, the modular system constructed will facilitate subsequent development [55; 56]. In terms of troubleshooting, the modular features effectively clarify each component and confirm related functions, resulting in a rapid recovery. In digital development, system architecture and service mode are often inextricably linked [27]. Several service items and data access were planned at the same time that Firm A began to restructure the system. Furthermore, because of the different service items and products, the system integration often has considerable differences. Additionally, learning to identify the differences between general and specific services to distinguish them is a huge challenge [22]. Several functions derived from design considerations are retained through communication with product designers, and unified management with general functions will greatly improve system efficiency [22]. In Firm A's system, several existing designs are those of monolithic architecture. While restructuring the system, service provision must be considered.