# Construction Quality of Prefabricated Buildings Using Structural Equation Modeling
## 2 Overview of the Quality of Fabricated Buildings
### Factors Influencing the Quality of Fabricated Buildings  
The feasibility of utilizing prefabricated methods for a certain project must be ascertained prior to exploring the quality factors of assembled buildings. [PERSON] [20] suggested several factors that influence the adoption of prefabricated methods, including cost, time, quality, past experience, design, weather, performance testing, logistics, and safety. Several factors affect the quality of assembled buildings, including the lack of advanced tooling and technology in the production phase, the insufficient involvement of contractors and manufacturing companies in the design phase, the failure to use advanced mechanical equipment during the construction phase, and the absence of effective communication channels among various actors [21]. Some scholars have also subdivided the factors that influence the quality of fabricated buildings in the construction phase into three stages: pre-construction, mid-construction, and post-construction [22]. Other scholars have argued that several influencing factors, such as an immature quality management system, a lack of technical personnel, an inadequate quality inspection mechanism, the need for improvements in the industry environment, an inadequate pre-feasibility study and planning, and an imperfect supply chain in the construction industrialization market, affect construction industrialization project quality [23; 24]. It is also argued that strengthening personnel training, enhancing project participation by all parties, and using BIM technology can improve the quality of fabricated buildings [25; 26]. [PERSON] et al. [27] obtained a hierarchical diagram of the factors by using the Interpretative Structural Model (ISM). They concluded that safety, quality, cost, schedule, corporate image, and environmental benefits are direct factors. Meanwhile, the supply capability of the component plant, type of structure, contractor's capability, and transportation of parts are indirect factors, and project size is the basic factor. [PERSON] et al. [28] conducted a comprehensive study on quality management, specifically focusing on \"project quality planning\", \"project quality supervision\", and \"project quality control\". They also established 15 criteria to determine the construction quality of assembled buildings. \"Project quality planning\" has the greatest effect on the quality of assembled buildings. Using the ISM methodology, it was found that the direct factors affecting the quality of fabricated buildings were the substandard production quality inspection of prefabricated buildings and the high rate of component rework. Moreover, the core factors were the lack of drawing review and the absence of measures for stacking and transporting components, and the basic factors were the substandard skills of personnel, the lack of a clear basis for design, and the lack of standardization in the production of components [29]. Taking the assembly building construction phase as a benchmark, the key factors affecting its quality included personnel, machinery, materials, and workmanship [30; 31]. In addition, there were measures to improve the quality by reasonably using auxiliary tools [32]. [PERSON], [PERSON] et al., and [PERSON] et al. [2; 33; 34] proposed that the factors influencing the quality of fabricated construction are process, materials, machinery, equipment, acceptance of the work situation, quality protection of components, prefabricated building construction plan and personnel, and the need to improve the construction, control the quality of materials, and strengthen management efforts to enhance the quality of fabricated construction. The above influencing factors are summarized in Appendix A, Table A1. In summary, the majority of scholars have examined the factors influencing the quality of fabricated buildings using the qualitative approach, while only a few researchers have adopted the quantitative approach.