[PERSON]  
3 Faculty of New Sciences and Technologies, University of Tehran, Tehran 1417935840, Iran; [EMAIL_ADDRESS]  
[PERSON]  
1 School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Universita Sains Malaysia (USM), Nibong Tebal,  
Seberang Perai 14300, Penrang, Malaysia; [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (S.A.); [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (D.I. ); [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (A.B. ); [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (M.K.) [PERSON]  
3 Faculty of New Sciences and Technologies, University of Tehran, Tehran 1417935840, Iran; [EMAIL_ADDRESS]  
[PERSON]  
1 School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Universita Sains Malaysia (USM), Nibong Tebal,  
Seberang Perai 14300, Penrang, Malaysia; [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (S.A.); [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (D.I. ); [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (A.B. ); [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (M.K.) [PERSON]  
3 Faculty of New Sciences and Technologies, University of Tehran, Tehran 1417935840, Iran; [EMAIL_ADDRESS]  
[PERSON]  
1 School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Universita Sains Malaysia (USM), Nibong Tebal,  
Seberang Perai 14300, Penrang, Malaysia; [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (S.A.); [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (D.I. ); [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (A.B. ); [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (M.K.) [PERSON]  
3 Faculty of New Sciences and Technologies, University of Tehran, Tehran 1417935840, Iran; [EMAIL_ADDRESS]  
[PERSON]  
1 School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Universita Sains Malaysia (USM), Nibong Tebal,  
Seberang Perai 14300, Penrang, Malaysia; [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (S.A.); [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (D.I. ); [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (A.B. ); [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (M.K.) [PERSON]  
3 Faculty of New Sciences and Technologies, University of Tehran, Tehran 1417935840, Iran; nazani. modules are typically connected in series to achieve higher voltages; this demands a huge number of _PV_ components and physical space. Efficient _DC-DC_ converters are required to transform this low voltage to high voltage for better utilization of renewable energy sources. The converter must meet certain requirements, such as low cost, light weight, low voltage switching tension, and high power density [7]. Therefore, _AC-DC/DC-DC_ conversion techniques have gained research attention nowadays for achieving better power conversion efficiency [8]. Figure 1 shows the application of different power electronic converters in renewable energy system applications. Many researchers have addressed different types of _DC-DC_ converters for renewable energy applications and storage to improve and enhance efficiency whilst overcoming the weaknesses of converters. _DC-DC_ converters are categorized into three major technologies based on their operation modes, as shown in Figure 2[9; 10; 11]. They are linear mode, hard switching mode, and soft switching mode. The linear mode has features such as simplicity, low noise with good regulation, and quick response. On the other hand, its drawback is low efficiency due to power losses in various working conditions. Hard switching mode converters can be sub-categorized into non-isolated and isolated converters based on galvanic isolation. The buck, boost, buck-boost, and _Cuk_ converters are typical examples of the hard switching mode topologies that are without galvanic isolation (non-isolated) and identified as chopper circuits. However, galvanic isolation (transformer) is necessary for safety causes when the converters are supplied by the utility grid. Power converters (_PCs_), with their control techniques, help regulate voltages of nodes in microgrids with different types of loads such as resistive, inductive, nonlinear, constant power, or critical loads. However, constant power loads (_CPLs_) affect the stability of the voltage in the output of _PCs_ and are usually difficult to regulate with traditional control techniques [12; 13]. Another type under the switching mode is the isolated converter; this converter utilizes more than one switching method converter, including half-bridge, full-bridge, dual half-bridge, flyback, and push-pull converters. The drawbacks of hard switching mode converters include high electromagnetic interference (_EMI_), high switching losses, and huge size and weight, which affects the switching frequency.