# Evaluation of Methodologies and Measures on the Usability of Social Robots: A Systematic Review
## 3 Results
### Evaluation Dimensions
#### 3.3.1 Consumer Acceptance of New Technology Models  
After introducing a social robot as a new product category to the consumer market, one research trend was focusing on user acceptance of new technology. The traditional TAM (Technology Acceptance Model) developed by [PERSON] suggested two major determinants of user acceptance: (1) perceived ease of use and (2) perceived usefulness [39]. TAM started with an idea that in evaluating an item or a product one of its main aims should be increasing users' job performance [40]. 3 years later, [PERSON] published an addendum of TAM to add the third determinant of user acceptance, called perceived enjoyment [41]. Perceived enjoyment was defined as \"the extent to which the activity of using the computer is perceived to be enjoyable in its own right, apart from any performance consequences that may be anticipated.\" [41].  
Based on the revised TAM [41], a number of relevant research were published that can prove the importance of perceived enjoyment [42; 43; 44]. These research found evidence that a specific type of information system could be accepted by a user because of their perceived enjoyment. This type of system is a web-based system which users assumed it as an entertainment tool. In [45], they called this type of product hedonic product. Based on his study, a hedonic system has the value when the user experiences fun while using the system and it can prolong the time that people spend for using the system [45]. TAM [39] started with the idea that the user will need to use the information system for increasing productivity in the office environment. However, the theory of a hedonic system is more related to a product or system in the home environment, and the theory is widely accepted by many of the social robot research.  
In [46], they formulated UTAUT (Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology) based upon previous user acceptance models and its core determinants did not include subjective norms such as fun or enjoyment of users. However, they revised his formula with a new determinant, hedonic motivation [47]. In this research, they assume that their innovativeness, novelty seeking and perceptions of the novelty of a target product or system will moderate the effect of hedonic motivation on behavioral intention to be affected by consumers' experience [47]. We can understand the importance of hedonic motivation from previous research on TAM and the effect of hedonic motivation in both employee aspects and consumer aspects.  
A study introduced the Almere model, an acceptance model derived from UTAUT, to test variables that relate to the acceptance of social robots among elderly users [48]. The model included new determinants that are not included in UTAUT such as anxiety and attitude towards the use of technology. Experiments conducted with iCat robot verified the assumption of the researchers that social agents are both utilitarian and hedonic. After publishing the Almere model, there is much research that evaluated social robot based on this model.