## 2 Material and Methods
### Statistical Analysis  
All data were analyzed using R software (www.r-project.org, version 3.3.1, 21 June 2016) and were presented as means and standard deviations unless otherwise noted. Differences in the characteristics among S, HTRH, HTRM, and HTRL were assessed through the Fisher's Exact test and the one-way ANOVA test or the non-parametric Kruskal-Wallis test (if the assumptions of normality and homoscedasticity were not satisfied [Shapiro-Wilk and Bartlett tests, respectively]) for sex and rest of the parameters, respectively (\(p>0.05\)). Given the dependent variables of the study, whether the assumptions were satisfied, the one-way ANOVA was performed to determine whether there were significant differences among them (\(p<0.05\)). On the contrary, if the assumptions were not met, the non-parametric Kruskal-Wallis test was performed (\(p<0.05\)). As a result, the Tukey HSD _post-hoc_ test or the Dunn's test were employed to determine specific differences between the variables for the one-way ANOVA and the Kruskal-Wallis test, respectively. Effect size was also calculated to establish the magnitude of change when significant differences were detected. [PERSON]'s f (f = PostM\({}_{\text{EX}}-\) PostM\({}_{\text{C}}\)/PostSD\({}_{\text{C}}\); small = f \(>0.1\), medium = f \(>0.25\), and large = f \(>0.40\)) [8] was used when data normality and homoscedasticity were verified. [PERSON]'s r (r = Z/\(\surd\)N; the \"Z\" value was obtained per  
Regarding the primary outcomes of this study, concerning the BP and the basal HR, no differences were detected among groups (Table 2). The 2 MST revealed differences between S and HTRM (\(p=0.036\), small effect), S and HTRL (\(p=0.000\), moderate effect), HTRH and HTRM (\(p=0.029\), small effect), HTRH and HTRL (\(p=0.000\), moderate effect), and HTRM and HTRL (\(p=0.008\), small effect) (Table 2, Figure 2). \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Outcomes** & **S** & **HTRH** & **HTRM** & **HTRL** & **_p-Value_ & **Effect Size** \\  & **(_n = 18_)** & **(_n = 18_)** & **(_n = 18_)** & **(_n = 18_)** & **(_n = 18_)** & **(_n = 18_)** \\ \hline
**SBP** (mmHg)** & \(133.3\pm 18\) & \(133.9\pm 18.1\) & \(132.4\pm 18.1\) & \(126.11\pm 15.1\) & \(0.645\) & - \\ \hline
**DBP** (mmHg)** & \(75\pm 10\) & \(81.2\pm 10\) & \(81.3\pm 9.2\) & \(77.2\pm 10.1\) & \(0.060\) & - \\ \hline
**Basal HR (bpm)** & \(79\pm 11.7\) & \(87\pm 12\) & \(86\pm 18.5\) & \(87\pm 14\) & \(0.553\) & - \\ \hline
**2 MST** (times)** & \(75.4\pm 15\) & \(85\pm 35\) & \(65.3\pm 19.3\) & \(45\pm 21.2\) & \(\mathbf{0.000}\) &
\begin{tabular}{c} S vs. HTRM; \(r=0.30\) \\ S vs. HTRM; \(r=0.70\) \\ HTRH vs. HTRM; \(r=0.30\) \\ HTRH vs. HTRL; \(r=0.70\) \\ HTRM vs. HTRL; \(r=0.40\) \\ \hline
**Grip strength** (dominant hand)** & \(29\pm 11.1\) & \(34.1\pm 9.1\) & \(29\pm 12.1\) & \(26.1\pm 9.3\) & \(\mathbf{0.025}\) & \begin{tabular}{c} S vs. HTRM; \(r=0.30\) \\ HTRH vs. HTRM; \(r=0.30\) \\ HTRH vs. HTRL; \(r=0.40\) \\ \end{tabular}  \\ \hline
**Grip strength** (**non-dominant hand)** & \(26\pm 10\) & \(31\pm 9\) & \(28\pm 12.1\) & \(24.3\pm 8.2\) & \(\mathbf{0.051}\) & \begin{tabular}{c} S vs. HTRM; \(r=0.30\) \\ S vs. HTRM; \(r=0.30\) \\ HTRH vs. HTRL; \(r=0.30\) \\ HTRH vs. HTRL; \(r=0.30\) \\ \end{tabular}  \\ \hline
**ACT** (times)** & \(9.2\pm 2.5\) & \(12\pm 5.1\) & \(9.4\pm 3\) & \(8.5\pm 2\) & \(0.246\) & HTRH vs. HTRL; \(r=0.32\) \\ \hline
**30 SCST** (times)** & \(13\pm 3\) & \(14\pm 6.2\) & \(10.1\pm 3.3\) & \(9\pm 2.5\) & \(\mathbf{0.000}\) & \begin{tabular}{c} S vs. HTRM; \(r=0.50\) \\ S vs. HTRL; \(r=0.60\) \\ HTRH vs. HTRM; \(r=0.40\) \\ HTRH vs. HTRL; \(r=0.50\) \\ \end{tabular}  \\ \hline
**Glucose (mg/dL)** & \(94\pm 14\) & \(94\pm 10.3\) & \(102\pm 21.5\) & \(94\pm 30.2\) & \(0.816\) & - \\ \hline
**Creatinine** (mg/dL)** & \(0.81\pm 0.1\) & \(1.1\pm 0.3\) & \(1.1\pm 0.3\) & \(1.4\pm 0.5\) & \(\mathbf{0.000}\) & \begin{tabular}{c} S vs. HTRM; \(r=0.61\) \\ S vs. HTRM; \(r=0.57\) \\ S vs. HTRL; \(r=0.65\) \\ \end{tabular}