# Perception of Risks and Usefulness of Smart Video Surveillance Systems
## 4 Discussion  
The results of the first research question showed that there were significant gender differences as well as differences between public areas and the time of day in terms of perceived usefulness of smart video surveillance using digital skeletons. Furthermore, there were significant interactions for public area \(\times\) time of day and public area \(\times\) gender. The presented results of the second research question showed that different privacy levels of smart video surveillance differed significantly regarding the perceived privacy risk. In addition, a significant effect of gender was shown in terms of the perceived privacy risk. The interactions public area \(\times\) time of day and public area \(\times\) gender were new results shown in the presented study. It can be mentioned that previous discoveries are essentially consistent with the presented results, such as the significant main effects. The perceived usefulness of the surveillance system for different public areas changed depending on the time of day. The controversial effect of time of day in the different public areas could be due to core opening or visiting hours (see Figure 3 and Table 3). For example, for the areas surrounding schools, amusement parks, as well as shopping malls, the usefulness was rated significantly lower at night than during the day. A possible explanation for this could be that these public areas are either not accessible at night or are not frequently visited at night by those potentially affected. Accordingly, the use of the system in these areas would not be appropriate. Therefore, the smart video surveillance appears to have a lower perceived usefulness at these locations at night than during the day. [PERSON] [6]  
Figure 5: Privacy levels and perceived privacy risk. Note: Significant results are marked with asterisks (*), \(\rho\leq 0.05\). Standard error of means are represented. suggestion that perceived usefulness has the purpose to increase the security of those that are potentially affected by the system can therefore be confirmed. [PERSON]'s [5] results from 2021, regarding the sense of safety in relation to public areas and time of day, are congruent with our results. In terms of feelings of safety, there were descriptive differences between areas and time of day (stops were rated most unsafe at night). In the presented study, the public areas where the usefulness of smart video surveillance was perceived to be high were also areas with less public traffic. This is consistent with the result of [PERSON] et al. [44] that the feeling of safety can be increased in deserted, public areas. This includes areas where people are more likely to be alone. With regard to the interaction public area \(\times\) gender, it seems that women perceived smart video surveillance more useful in public areas where people are only occasionally present (see Figure 4 and Table 4). Men, on the other hand, apparently rated the usefulness of this digital skeleton surveillance higher in places associated with many people. For example, women rated the system's usefulness in parking lots and areas surrounding schools significantly higher than in shopping malls. Contrary to the assumption that women rate the usefulness of the system higher in less visited areas compared with more visited areas is, they perceived it to be significantly more useful, for example, in city squares than in playgrounds and areas surrounding schools. Men, in turn, perceived smart video surveillance using digital skeletons significantly more useful on shopping streets than in playgrounds and areas surrounding schools. Therefore, it seems that the higher the crowdedness in a certain area, the higher men rated the usefulness of the system. One possible explanation for why women would perceive smart video surveillance as more useful in less busy public areas could be that they may associate these locations with a higher incidence of crime against women or children.