## 4 Results and Analysis
### Go-Around: Analysis
#### 4.5.3 Go-Around: General Analysis
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c} \hline \hline
**In Your Opinion, Which** & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Number of**} \\
**Phrase Best Defines a:** & **Phrase** & **Respondents** \\  & & **Choosing Phrase** \\ \hline  & The same procedure as a go-around from any phase of flight & 5 \\  & A transition to a climb from the landing transition point or & 13 \\ Go-around from 200 feet & \multicolumn{2}{c}{the approach phase} & 4 \\  & A procedure conducted when a landing is not possible & 0 \\  & Can only be initiated by ATC & 0 \\  & Other & 1 \\ \hline  & A trained but not unexpected manoeuvre transitioning into & 7 \\  & a climb from a low altitude & 7 \\  & A medium-risk procedure which could result in the aircraft & 2 \\ Go-around during the landing phase & \multicolumn{2}{c}{landing gear contacting the runway} & 12 \\  & The decision to abort a landing during final approach & 11 \\  & Can only be initiated by ATC & 0 \\  & The same procedure as a go-around from any phase of flight & 3 \\  & Other & 0 \\ \hline  & A go-around from a low-energy state & 7 \\  & The same procedure as a go-around from any phase of flight & 2 \\ Go-around from the flare & \multicolumn{2}{c}{A go-around from a low airspeed and low altitude} & 12 \\  & Entering a climb from an unstabilised landing or flare & 2 \\  & Can only be initiated by ATC & 0 \\  & Other & 0 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 22: Which statement best describes a go-around. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c} \hline \hline
**Which of These Statements Best Describe What** & **Number of Respondents** \\
**a Go-Around Is?** & **Number of Respondents** \\ \hline An aborted landing of an aircraft & 2 \\ A go-around is a missed landing, and is the same & 5 \\ as a missed approach or rejected landing & 14 \\  A procedure which can happen at any stage of & 1 \\ flight, usually sees the aircraft placed into a climb & 1 \\ Other & 1 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 23: Conducting a go-around from different stages: definitions. indicating that there is a disconnect between the procedure and the outcome. Furthermore, many pilots recognised that a go-around from a flare is a low-airspeed and low-altitude manoeuvre, which is terminology advocated by SLWG. Pilots were asked how they react to a stall during a climb from a go-around, and 70% of pilots correctly identified prioritising airspeed during stall recovery. However, 17% chose \"other\", 9% chose \"use flaps judiciously if available to enhance lift\", and 4% selected \"attempt to glide straight into an available clear area\". Of those who chose \"other\", most referred to adjusting the pitch, in particular the angle of attack. The FAA [103] explains that recovery from a degradation of airspeed should not be delayed, and that once a stall is recovered from, then pilots should revert to their assigned heading, altitude, and airspeed. Many pilots at the roundtable discussion mentioned that a lot of go-arounds happen at low energy due to last-minute external factors such as obstacles on the runway. Additionally, they added that  
\"Most overshoots aren't from being unstable.\"--SF1  
Rather, they occur within the last 50 ft, which would be a low-energy go-around, contradicting the survey answers. However, pilots noted that flight training organisations may avoid low-altitude go-around practice due to safety concerns. As a result, these manoeuvres are often practised at 500 ft, a much safer height for a go-around. Whilst this reduces risk during training, it does not provide pilots with realistic aircraft configurations encountered during post-certification go-arounds. Go-around manoeuvres during instructional flights are practised regularly [104] but result in very few fatal accidents, which could reflect the nature of where go-arounds are being performed. Furthermore, survey results support this concern, as pilots responded that the procedure that requires the most focus is a go-around during the flare.