###### Abstract  
This article evaluates changes in the organization of transport on urban roads through the transport model in the OmniTRANS program. The selected location for the case study in this article is the internal traffic circuit of Kosice, which borders the historic core of the city. Currently, the proposal is being prepared to change the organization of transport in the town's monument reserve and its protection zone. The transition to a one-way road around the historic center is being considered. Before introducing the new proposed change in traffic, it is necessary to test this proposed change and determine how it will affect the traffic situation. The aim of this article is to compare the current transport organization with the proposed change in transport organization in terms of traffic intensity. The use of transport models in the world is not a new concept, but it is often not used in the conditions of the Slovak Republic. However, traffic and simulation models can save money and time and avoid possible unexpected problems before putting the proposed changes into practice. Solving the given problem is an excellent benefit for transport planning and traffic engineering for Kosice and other places with a similar arrangement of the historical center and a similar number of inhabitants. The proposed changes can be tested by modelling traffic and then to adjust them when the cons are identified. Thanks to the traffic simulation model, it is possible to compare the capacity load of the inner traffic circuit of the city before and after the introduction of the one-way circuit. urban traffic model; simulation; one-way road conversion Article  
A Case Study: Simulation Traffic Model as a Tool to Assess One-Way vs. Two-Way Traffic on Urban Roads around the City Center  
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Any change in the traffic organization must be carefully considered as it can also have a negative impact on traffic. The aim of this study is to compare traffic intensities and road capacities before and after conversion to one-way traffic around the city center. In the current trends in transport, it is not enough to increase the capacity of local roads just by expanding lanes. The extension of lanes is practically impossible and not desirable in cities with surrounding buildings. There is an opinion that widening roads at the level of the town will not solve congestion but will make the situation worse [7]. Organizing transport in cities is not an easy task at all. It is practically impossible to find a universal solution for optimal transport organization because each city has its unique dimensions and features [8]. Is a two-way road or a one-way system better? Many studies focusing on urban roads are struggling with these questions, but so far, there is no consensus on the optimal organization of transport aimed at improving urban mobility. Some publications deal with the change from a bidirectional to unidirectional circuit [9; 10; 11; 12], while others address the change from reverse to one-way to two-way [13; 14; 15; 16; 17; 18]. Especially in the U.S.A., there has been a noticeable trend in recent years when there is a conversion from one-way traffic to two-way traffic [19]. Recently, urban decision makers and transportation planners resort to a one-way traffic system as an effective traffic management strategy, which profoundly affects traffic congestion and improves traffic flow, leading to urban sustainability [11]. One-way streets undoubtedly have an advantage in static traffic, i.e., when parking, due to the unification of the street, it is possible to increase the number of parking spaces. In contrast, the negative impact of unidirectional on collisions, crime and the community are addressed in the study [12]. One-way streets can simplify crossings for pedestrians, who must look for traffic in only one direction. While studies have shown that the conversion of two-way streets to one-way generally reduces pedestrian crashes, one-way streets tend to have higher speeds, which creates new problems [20].