## 5 Discussion  
The complex panorama of agri-food chains poses a set of technological, social, economic, organizational, and institutional factors for effectively developing Food Informatics technology adoption processes. This literature review addressed the barriers and enablers for the adoption of Food Informatics technologies from a global view of the agri-food chain, understanding that there are gaps that have not yet been analyzed to seek a real integration of the links not only from the productive, but from the technological point of view to achieve two-way communication between client/market and producer, without leaving aside the importance of the processing link as a source of value aggregation and alignment with the real demands of the market. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{p{56.9 pt} p{113.8 pt} p{113.8 pt} p{113.8 pt} p{113.8 pt}} \hline \hline
**Enabler** & **Description** & **Chain** & **Technology** & **Authors** \\ \hline Social prestige & Depending on the positioning of the brand or product, customers may be more willing to participate in the adoption and use of technology processes. & Fresh products & Blockchain-RFID & [149] \\ \hline Transparency & Transparency is associated with the ability to track the journey of a product from the production link to the consumer, generating trust. & Not mentioned & Blockchain-RFID & [150] \\ \hline Traceability & Traceability allows for the tracking of products throughout the value chain through shared and immutable records. & Not mentioned & Blockchain-RFID & [150] \\ \hline Auditability & Linking stakeholders in the model allows for the auditability of the parties. & Not mentioned & Blockchain-RFID & [150] \\ \hline Reduction of transaction costs & Technologies 4.0 help reduce logistics costs and related taxes. & Not mentioned & Blockchain–RFID & [150; 156] \\ \hline Ease of use & If the system is easy to implement and use, it allows marketers to implement them in their businesses. & Not mentioned & Blockchain & [158] \\ \hline Perceived quality of the product & The information available through Food Informatics technologies affects the purchase intention. & Not mentioned & Blockchain & [52] \\ \hline Government support (regulations) & Local and national policies based on solving real bottlenecks, compared to others that encourage the adoption of specific technologies, can be effective. & Not mentioned & Blockchain & [53; 156] \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 13: Enablers identified for the marketing link. By carrying out a joint analysis of the barriers and enablers for the adoption of Food Informatics technologies in agri-food chains, it is evident that there are analogous barriers between the three links analyzed, such as data privacy and security, which becomes a determining factor for the deployment of data ecosystems that require the permanent uploading of information, its legitimacy, and its immutability (see Figure 9). Therefore, knowing clearly where the data will be stored, who can access it, and the security guarantees becomes a vital element in facilitating the participation of the various parties. On the other hand, there are the investment and maintenance costs of this type of technology, which mostly require particular infrastructure for their correct deployment, such as the Internet and electricity, in addition to having trained personnel for their correct operation. Internet connectivity is also a barrier evident in the first two links of the chain, especially in production, because there is no 100% coverage in rural areas, and concerning training and expertise, these are focused on the processing and marketing links. The other barriers identified are specific to each link based on its particular requirements. In the production link, farm location is seen as a factor influencing the choice of whether to adopt these technologies or not. Farms in mountainous areas are less likely to adopt technologies than others in flat areas [112].