# GNSS Profile from the Greenland Korth Expeditions in the Context of Satellite Data
## 7 Conclusions  
The objective of this paper was to present the Greenland North Expeditions in relation to satellite observations and to connect satellite data to some of the Greenland North Expeditions scientific results, namely to the unique time series of the GNSS data measured on a periodic basis (2002, 2006, 2010, 2015) at the same sites along the 700-km traverse across Greenland. In Section 3 we displayed the Greenland North Expeditions profile and individual measurement sites on the background of surface and bed topography maps. A projection on the map of the ice velocity distribution across Greenland precisely localizes the measurement sites with respect to the underlying ice speed. A special feature of the Greenland North Expeditions profile is the closeness of its several sites to the important Jakobshavn Glacier in the west of Greenland. This plays a role in Section 4, where the vertical component of the GNSS data from the Greenland North Expeditions profile is compared to heights observed by satellite radar altimetry. We demonstrated a very good overall agreement between GNSS and altimetry, although there are some differences near the ice sheet margins. These are due to the limited accuracy of satellite altimetry in regions with slopes, and also to the rather variable ice dynamics in the area of Jakobshavn Glacier. Section 5 deals with comparing the GNSS data with satellite gravimetry as given by GRACE monthly gravity fields. By processing both the GNSS and GRACE datasets to be comparable, we showed their agreement for the time series of surface density at one of the Greenland North Expeditions measurement sites. In Section 5.1, using our satellite gravimetry computation, we independently confirmed the previous estimate by [PERSON] et al. [11] for the yearly mass change in southern Greenland derived from the Greenland North Expeditions profile over 2002-2006. Following the same method, but applied to the Greenland ice sheet as a whole, Section 6 provides an updated estimate of the Greenland mass balance based on satellite gravimetry from the GRACE, GRACE-FO and Swarm missions. Over the GRACE mission period covering 2002-2015, our estimates are in accordance with the IMBIE project results used as a reference. [Agreement at the level of the uncertainty bands for both datasets is shown in Figure 10]. For the latest time interval of 2018-2019, our estimate combining GRACE-FO and Swarm data indicates a renewal of a more intensified mass loss in Greenland.  
**Funding:** This work was supported by projects LTT18011, RVO: 67985815 and RVO: 00025615 (all provided by MSMT, Czech Republic).  
**Data Availability Statement:** All the data files are cited in the text, the references to the data files are provided including the web sites for download if available.  
**Acknowledgments:** The authors acknowledge the ESA Greenland ice sheet CCI project for altimetry and ice velocity data; NASA, DLR and ESA for GRACE and GRACE-FO data; and ESA for Swarm data. The first three authors ([PERSON], [PERSON], [PERSON]) thank the members of the Greenland North Expeditions for carrying out the GNSS observations in the harsh conditions of the Greenland ice sheet. The GNSS data from the Greenland North Expeditions profiles used in this study were collected and processed by [PERSON]; the current Greenland Korth Expeditions contact person is [PERSON]. The authors thank the reviewers for their comments that helped to improve the manuscript.  
**Conflicts of Interest:** The authors declare no conflict of interest.