## 4 The Performance Parameters and Application Scenarios of 6G Networks
### Application Scenarios
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c} \hline \hline
**KPI Name** & **Definition and Context** & **5G** & **6G** & **Improvement (Times)** \\ \hline
**Peak data rate** & The highest attainable data transfer rate per user or, device under optimal circumstances. & 20 Gbps [38] & 1 Tbps & 50 Times \\ \hline
**User-perceived** & User-perceived data rate refers to the speed at which data are sent and may be accessed by a mobile user or device throughout the whole service area. & 100 Mbps [38] & 10 Gbps & 100 Times \\ \hline
**Latency** & The amount of time a packet takes to go from its source to its destination is known as its latency. & 1 ms [38] & 0.1 ms & 10 Times \\ \hline
**Delay jitter** & Variability in the time it takes for packets to reach the destination, causing fluctuations in transmission delay. & 1 ms [26] & 1 ms & 1000 Times \\ \hline
**Area traffic capacity** & Aggregate data transfer capacity provided within a specified geographical region. & 10 Mbps/m\({}^{2}\)[38] & 10 Gbps/m\({}^{2}\) & 1000 Times \\ \hline
**Connection density** & The collective count of connected and/or reachable devices within a defined area. & 10\({}^{6}\) devices/km\({}^{2}\)[38] & 10\({}^{8}\) devices/km\({}^{2}\) & 100 Times \\ \hline
**Coverage** & The proportion of network service availability across a given area. & 10\% [39] & 99\% & 10 Times \\ \hline
**Spectrum efficiency** & The mean data transfer rate per spectrum allocation and per cellular unit. & 30 bps/Hz [40] & \(\geq\)90 bps/Hz & \(\geq\)3 Times \\ \hline
**Network energy efficiency** & Refers to the ratio of data bits delivered or received by users to the quantity of energy used per unit. & 10\({}^{7}\) bit/J [27] & 10\({}^{9}\) bit/J & 100 Times \\ \hline
**Cost efficiency** & Refers to the relationship between the value obtained from a user’s data use and the cost of the data traffic involved. & 10 Gb/\$ [27] & 500 Gb/\$ & 50 Times \\ \hline
**Mobility** & Refers to the maximum attainable velocity at which a certain level of service quality (QoS) can be maintained, while ensuring smooth transitions between different radio nodes. & 500 km/h [38] & 1000 km/h & 2 Times \\ \hline
**Battery life** & The amount of time an IoT device’s battery will last. & 10 years [28] & 20 years & 2 Times \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 1: Comparison of key performance indicators for 5G–6G technologies. Furthermore, potential scenarios might include ultra-low-power communications; digital twin applications; integrated networks spanning space, air, ground, and sea; and long-distance and high-mobility communications. The envisioned 6G application scenarios are illustrated in Figure 6. The next generation will delve into novel application scenarios, service formats, and business models by integrating and fostering collaboration among individuals, machinery, objects, and environments. Anticipated compelling scenarios (Figure 7) may encompass the human digital twin, air Internet, holographic communication, innovative smart cities, global emergency response, enhanced smart factories, cyber robots, autonomous systems, and the wireless tactile Internet, among various others. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c} \hline \hline
**KPI Name** & **Definition and Context** & **5G** & **6G** & **Improvement (Times)** \\ \hline
**Reliability** & The rate of successful packet reception within a defined upper delay threshold. & 99.99\% [41] & \(>\)99.99999\% & \(>\)100 Times \\ \hline
**Positioning** & The precision of positioning for both indoor and outdoor environments. & 1 m \& 10 m [41] & 10 cm \& 1 m & 10 Times \\ \hline
**Sensing/Imaging resolution** & The process of sensing and capturing visual information at a high level of detail. & 1 m [29] & 1 mm & 1000 Times \\ \hline
**Security capacity** & The transmission rate of reliable data under the risk of being interpreted by other parties. & Low [32; 33] & High & – \\ \hline
**Intelligence level** & The smart level of the information method. & Low [32; 33] & High & – \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}