[21] developed a multi-body dynamics model of a small-end bearing considering the EHD characteristics and examined the effect of speed variation on the MOFT and friction power. [PERSON] et al. [22] established an EHD calculation model using the multi-body dynamics calculation method and conducted a multi-parameter sensitivity analysis to determine the main influencing factors of small=end bearings for certain types of engines. [PERSON] et al. [23] conducted a piston pin parameter optimization analysis based on an EHD simulation with MOFT as the evaluation parameter. [PERSON] et al. [24] conducted a small-end bearing lubrication performance analysis of an engine connecting rod, and the results indicated that the small end of the connecting rod was primarily lubricated by the pumping effect of the oil film squeezed by the loaded piston pin. Based on a large number of studies, the clearance, roughness,and speed of the journal bearing are the primary parameters that influence the lubrication performance of the bearing [25; 26; 27; 28; 29; 30; 31; 32; 33]. Multiple factors must be considered when designing or analyzing. While the above studies provide a detailed analysis of the journal bearing, including the small-end bearing, from a theoretical point of view, direct experimental studies are still needed to verify the accuracy of the calculation models. In addition, a wide variety of factors influence the lubrication characteristics of the piston pins. However, in the aforementioned studies, only a few parameters were examined for journal bearings, and fewer factors were examined for the lubrication performance of small-end bearings. It is important to realize that there are several piston pin lubrication evaluation indices and influencing factors, and if a sensitivity analysis is conducted for a variety of evaluation indices and influencing factors, the number of calculations becomes huge, which consumes a considerable amount of time and resources. To address the shortcomings of the current test rig, a new type of connecting rod small-end bearing test rig (hereinafter referred to as the test rig) was developed in this study. To simulate the motion of the piston pin in a real engine, the piston was constrained by a guide rail, which eliminated the spatial constraints of the combustion chamber and cylinder liner. The harsh operating conditions created by high-temperature gases can be eliminated using a spring to simulate the force of the cylinder pressure. The test rig eliminates the shortcomings of current rigs, in which the piston pin movement and lubrication conditions are predefined, which is different from a real engine. By adjusting the oil supply condition of the piston pin at the small end of the connecting rod and measuring the orbital path of the piston pin relative to the small-end busbing, an accurate understanding of the tribological and dynamic state parameters of the piston pin is possible. To address the shortcomings of the simulation analysis, the accuracy of the multi-body dynamic model was verified through experimentation. Using orthogonal experimental requirements, the bearing lubrication and dynamics were evaluated for multiple parameters and influencing factors. To determine the relationship of each factor on different lubrication characteristic indices of small-end bearings, the calculation results of different evaluation indices were subjected to the range analysis method. Furthermore, the main influencing factors were analyzed to obtain the law of influence of the main influencing factors on the lubrication characteristics of small-end bearings. The rest of this paper is organized as follows: Section 2 introduces two lubrication mechanisms for journal bearings and the computational model for frictional force. Section 3 presents a multi-body system dynamics model based on a test rig. In Section 4, the simulation results of the orthogonal experimental method are presented. Finally, Section 5 summarizes the findings of this study.