esa-sceva/satcom-chunk-collection huggingface dataset:
## 3 Proposed Optimal Orchestration Process
### Real-Time Resource Access and Collaboration  
The implementation of our message bus architecture at the mobile edge has demonstrated significant improvements in cross-provider collaboration. Deployment testing shows average message delivery latencies of less than 5 ms within local regions, enabling near-real-time resource co-ordination among different providers. The system's subscription management mechanism ensures secure and efficient data distribution among providers, with update frequencies dynamically adjusted based on resource availability and demand patterns. This approach has resulted in a 60% reduction in orchestration delays compared to traditional request-response mechanisms.  
Currently, the Virtual Network Operator (VNO) has to wait for the Application Provider (AP) to send the user equipment slice requirement and then form the slice template; the VNO will then send to the Infrastructure Provider (IP), who is waiting on VNO for this information in order to allocate the required physical resource. The IP then sends the required orchestrated 5G network physical resources to VNO for the slice orchestration, which then maps this to demanding user equipment. The proposed ONSSO framework streamlines this process with an included message bus deployed on the mobile edge, which mobile network providers can subscribe to in real time. The proposed Enhanced Sub-slice module (eSS) pushes the real-time user equipment demands and the predicted slice demands onto the message bus. The network providers such as the AP, VNO, and IP can subscribe to this in real time and proactively identify network resource needs, thereby efficiently orchestrating network slices and allocating resources optimally.
# Inversion-Based Deblending in Common Midpoint Domain Using Time Domain High-Resolution Radon
## 2 Theory
### Inversion-Based Deblending  
Given our already defined transformation operator, the mapping operator \(\mathbf{\Gamma}\) that maps the data space \(\mathbf{b}\) to the model space \(\mathbf{D}\) in Equation (1), we can frame the problem as an inversion problem that reverses the operation [19]. Inverting this operation, we need to formulate an objective function that minimizes the misfit between the data and the modelled data, in other words, minimizing the model information that does not map to the data. This objective function is often presented as follows [17]:  
\[\begin{split}&\text{minimize }||\mathbf{D}||_{2}^{2}\\ &\text{Subject to }||(\mathbf{b}-\mathbf{\Gamma}\mathbf{D})||_{ 2}^{2}.\end{split} \tag{4}\]  
With the objective function for the inversion of blended data being written as  
\[\mathbf{J}=||\mathbf{b}-\mathbf{\Gamma}\mathbf{D}||, \tag{5}\]  
Direct inversion of the blending operator is ill-posed; thus, no unique solution can be assessed by inverting just the blending operator \(\mathbf{\Gamma}\). This ill-posed nature is due to the fact that the blending operator only serves to collect and shift data, while the adjoint operator serves only to distribute it. To circumvent this problem, we reformulated the inversion scheme by adding the Radon operator as a coherency constraint.  
\[\mathbf{J}=||\mathbf{b}-\mathbf{\Gamma}\mathbf{L}\mathbf{m}||+\mu||\mathbf{m }||, \tag{6}\]  
where \(\mathbf{L}\) is the Radon transform. By formulating the problem this way, we transition from an ill-posed problem to one that is sparse constrained.
# Human Activity Recognition Based on Non-Contact Radar Data and Improved PCA Method
## 4 Experiments and Results
### Dataset  
The dataset [38] that we used in the experiments was downloaded from [[http://researchdata.gla.ac.uk/848/](http://researchdata.gla.ac.uk/848/)]([http://researchdata.gla.ac.uk/848/](http://researchdata.gla.ac.uk/848/)) accessed on 5 September 2019. It was contributed by [PERSON] et al. from the University of Glasgow. They collected data using FMCW radar, which operated in C-band (5.8 GHz) with a bandwidth of 400 MHz, chirp duration of 1 ms, and output power of about 18 dBm. The radar can record the micro-Doppler signals of moving people in the region of interest, and the format of each collected original radar data is a long 1D complex array. This dataset includes six activity types and the data format is binary. These data files can be used to generate 224 \(\times\) 224 PNG images using MATLAB code provided by the authors.  
The dataset contains radar signatures of six types of indoor human activities--walking, sitting, standing up, picking up items, drinking, and falling--collected from 99 older people in nine different places. Table 2 shows the number of samples of each activity type in the dataset. Figure 3 shows the examples of radar spectrograms (Time-Velocity pattern) of six activities from 20-to-100-year-old female/male subjects. Among these volunteers, people over 60 years old make up the majority.  
Figure 2: Data preprocessing process based on PCA.
###### Abstract  
The rail-cable-shifting-girder (RCSG) technique is a new erecting method for the main girders of the long span suspension bridge in rural mountain areas with poor transportation and no navigable rivers for carrying large components. The pseudo-static analysis of the shifting-girder process for this girder erecting technique is performed. The global mechanical model of the double-layer cable system in the shifting-girder process is established, by analytically modeling the main-cable, rail cable, and slings according to cable's basic assumptions. Based on the flexible cable theory, the main-cable segments are simulated as segmental catenary elements, the slings are considered as straight cable elements, the rail-cable segment that the shifting-girder trolley is moving on is simulated as multiple straight cable elements and other rail-cable segments are considered as single straight cable elements. The solving program is developed to obtain the pseudo-static responses including the forces and deflections of the shifting-girder system undergoing girder loads. Meanwhile, a global indoor reduced-scale model of shifting-girder system is designed to validate the presented theoretical results, by taking the Aizhai suspension bridge as engineering background. The results from the presented theoretical method match well with the measured experimental results of the indoor model test. The forces and deflections of the main-cable, rail-cable, and slings for the 21 working cases of erecting girder segments exhibit some specific distribution regularities. The presented theoretical method is able to correctly and effectively solve the pseudo-static responses of the RCSG system undergoing girder loads for the long span suspension bridge adopting the construction method of the RCSG technique.  
Keywords:suspension bridge; girder; RCSG; pseudo-static analysis; model test +
Footnote †: journal: Applied Sciences
## 4 Real-World Experiment  
### Mining Inspection Robot Platform  
In order to further verify the effectiveness of the path-planning algorithm of the mining inspection robot, a real-world experiment is carried out. In view of the fact that the mobile robot required in this paper mainly serves the internal channels of underground mining and takes into account the needs of inspection and some simple transportation, we choose a four-wheel differential robot with strong load, adapted to complex terrain, and is economical and efficient, as shown in Figure 11.  
Figure 10: Third-order Bessel curve smoothing diagram. (**a**) Map 1; (**b**) Map 2; (**c**) Map 3.  
The hardware platform of the mining inspection robot is mainly composed of six modules. It is composed of a sensor module, drive module, power management module, total controller, input module, and human-computer interaction. The main hardware of the mining inspection robot in this experiment is introduced below:  
(1) Total controller  
In this experiment, a TW-T600 industrial computer is selected as the core control unit of the robot, as shown in Figure 12. TW-T600 is developed by Tuwei Technology Co., Ltd.in Shenzhen, China. It is not only equipped with an IO port and USB port but is also equipped with a hard disk interface, network interface, and WIFI function. This experiment is equipped with a 512-core Volta GPU graphics processing unit centered on the Tensor center, which makes the visual effects of Rviz more intuitive and vivid. The equipment has excellent heat dissipation performance, mainly using aluminum alloy as the manufacturing material, and the bottom frame is pre-designed to be suitable for on-site installation. All performance meets the expected standards of this study.  
(2) Laser radar  
This paper chooses RPLIDARA2 independently developed by Silan Technology Co., Ltd. in Beijing, China, as shown in Figure 13. Compared with similar two-dimensional laser radar on the market at home and abroad, this laser radar shows longer service life, lower cost, higher cost performance, and excellent stability.  
Figure 11: Mining inspection robot.  
Figure 12: TW-T600 industrial computer.  
Figure 13: RPLIDARA2.  
3. Inertial measurement unit  
In the experimental study, the HI219 inertial measurement unit developed by Super-core Electronic Technology Co., Ltd. in Beijing, China was selected, as shown in Figure 14. HI219 has the characteristics of low cost, high efficiency, small size, and low delay. The system adopts a new design concept and method, which encapsulates the whole system into a chip and integrates it into a circuit board. When the user is installing, there is no need to add additional expansion circuits. The installation process is simple and usually able to run continuously. Its excellent performance and efficiency can meet the needs of this experiment.
# Ad Creative Discontinuation Prediction with Multi-Modal Multi-Task Neural Survival Networks
## 1 Introduction
(b) The business impact of discontinuation varies significantly for different ad creatives. * **Proposing a new framework for predicting ad creative discontinuation**: We propose a multi-modal DNN-based framework for predicting ad discontinuation with a hazard function-based loss function. Our framework includes two effective techniques: (i) a two-term estimation technique with MTL and (ii) a CTR-weighting technique for the loss function. Our framework demonstrated significantly better performance (short: 0.896, long: 0.939, and overall: 0.792 in the CI) than the conventional method (0.531 in the CI) did. Additionally, our framework outperformed classification- and regression-based frameworks. * **Evaluating the framework through practical case studies**: We evaluated our framework from two important perspectives of case studies and confirmed the following: For short-term cases, our framework demonstrated an equivalent or better discontinuation effect compared with manual operations. For long-term cases, our framework provided a high degree of similarity of order to manual discontinuation orders compared with other methods, based on other practical indicators; this is important for long-running ad creatives. The remainder of this paper is organized as follows. Section 2 reviews related work about supporting ad operations and survival prediction/hazard functions. Section 3 describes the insight from the pre-data analysis and clarifies the characteristics of each type of discontinuation. Section 4 presents the multi-modal DNN-based framework for predicting the timing of the discontinuation of ad creatives. Section 5 describes offline experiments with standard metrics using already-observed (i.e., offline) data. Section 6 describes case studies that simulate online experiments using as-yet-unobserved (i.e., online) data. Section 7 describes the limitations and future works of this study. Finally, Section 8 concludes this study.
# An Outdoor Navigation System for Blind Pedestrians Using GPS and Tactile-Foot Feedback
## 4 Evaluation
### Experiment I: Direction Recognition
#### 4.1.2 Method  
Each contact pin of the user interface represents a navigational direction: go 'forward' (**F**), go 'backward' (**B**), turn 'left' (**L**), and turn 'right' (**R**). A navigational direction was displayed as follows (t1-t5): three consecutive vibrations in the correct contact pin, then one vibration in the opposite contact pin, and again a vibration in the correct contact pin.  
Figure 4a shows, for example, the codification for 'forward'. Note that the contact pin **F** vibrates three times, then pin **B** once, and again pin **F**. Figure 4b presents the corresponding vibrotactile pattern showing the set times for the contact pins.  
A fifth pattern representing'stop' (**S**) was displayed as the well-known pattern for SMS alerts in mobile phones: two consecutive vibrations, then a pause, and again two consecutive vibrations.A set of 20 directions was presented to the subjects in one trial. In this set, each direction was randomly displayed four times. The subjects were asked to report the direction perceived with no time restriction. Upon request, they could have the vibrating pattern refreshed on the interface.
# Characterizing the Tensile Behaviour of Woven and Composite Fabrics under UV Exposure
## 2 Materials and Methods
### Ultraviolet Radiation  
Incoming solar radiation from the sun is categorized into (a) infrared rays, (b) visible light, and (c) UV rays. The UV radiation of the light spectrum can be further categorized into (i) UV-A (315-400 nm), which poses some damage towards the geosynthetic polymers, (ii) UV-B (280-315 nm), which causes severe damage towards the geosynthetic polymers, and (iii) UV-C (100-280 nm), which causes extreme damage towards the geosynthetics [11]. Meanwhile, both infrared rays and visible light serve as thermal heat sources, which further exacerbate the degradation of engineered fabrics [11]. The synergistic effect of incoming solar radiation (i.e., infrared, visible, and ultraviolet) on the degradation of engineered fabrics, which is referred to as photolysis degradation, is discussed in Section 2.3. Ultraviolet rays of the incoming solar radiation degrade the properties of engineered fabrics. According to the World Health and International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation [16], UV radiation is represented by a global solar UV index, which follows the worldwide consistency measurement, ranging from 1 (i.e., low UV radiation) to 11 or higher (i.e., extreme UV radiation). Figure 1 shows the distribution of the average global UV index from 1996 to 2002 [17]. The focus of this study area was in the Asia region, specifically Malaysia, with an average UV index of above 10 [18,19].  
Several factors have been identified that influence UV radiation. These include cloud cover, time of day, land cover, geographical latitude, earth's surface characteristics, seasons, altitude, and ozone concentration [11,15]. Malaysia is located close to the equator with minimal seasonal variation and is subjected to consistent UV radiation throughout the year. Therefore, it is important to assess the degradation of engineered fabrics based on the outdoor UV weathering test, which considers the geographical location and environmental factors as a basis for the holistic assessment. This proves the necessity and importance of field UV weathering in assessing the durability performance of engineered fabrics.
## 3 Modeling the Auditory Distance
### Inter-Aural Cross Correlation Coefficient  
As reverberation caused by the room simulation introduces binaural cues by altering the sound attributes at the two ears differentially, the inter-aural cross correlation coefficient (IACC) is used as an additional measure for auditory distance. The IACC is based on the inter-aural cross correlation function (IACF):  
\[\text{IACF}(\tau)=\frac{\int_{t_{1}}^{t_{2}}s_{\text{left}}(t)s_{\text{right}}(t +\tau)dt}{\sqrt{\int_{t_{1}}^{t_{2}}s_{\text{left}}^{2}(t)dt\int_{t_{1}}^{t_{2} }s_{\text{right}}^{2}(t)dt}}, \tag{4}\]  
with \(s_{\text{left}}(t)=h_{\text{left}}(t)*s(t)\) and \(s_{\text{right}}(t)=h_{\text{right}}(t)*s(t)\).  
The binaural impulse response \(h(t)\) corresponds to responses for left and right ear at \(\phi=0^{\circ}\). The IACC is defined as the maximum absolute value within \(\tau=\pm 1\,\text{ms}\):  
\[\text{IACC}=\max_{\forall\tau\in[-1\text{ms};\text{Ims}]}|\text{IACC}(\tau)|. \tag{5}\]  
The early IACC, considering a time window of \(t_{1}=0\,\text{ms}\) to \(t_{2}=80\,\text{ms}\), is commonly used in room acoustics as an objective measure for apparent source width (ASW). It is widely accepted that a lower IACC value leads to a bigger ASW, and therefore \(1-\) IACC is positively correlated with the magnitude of perceived width. With the IACC binaurally measured in the experimental setup, linear regression yields \(f(1-\text{IACC})=1.52(1-\text{IACC})-0.20\) to model the experimental data (\(R^{2}=0.97\), cf. Figure 9c).
# Digitalization Processes in Distribution Grids: A Comprehensive Review of Strategies and Challenges
## 2 Grid Planning
### Reliability and Resilience Planning
#### 2.3.2 Role of Improving Predictive Maintenance to Enhance Reliability and Resilience  
Integrating AI, ML, and GIS into predictive maintenance significantly enhances the reliability and resilience of power systems. For resilience against natural disasters, models that assess vulnerability rates aid in planning and reconfiguring networks [152]. Advances in fault detection come from hybrid AI models that combine convolutional neural networks (CNNs) and RNNs, offering quicker and more accurate diagnostics in active distribution networks (ADNs) [16]. Deep reinforcement learning (DRL) is employed to fine-tune resilience strategies, such as upgrading infrastructure to withstand hurricanes [153]. Additionally, tackling the impacts of heatwaves involves logistic regression and reliability models aimed at strategic network renovations, which is exemplified by Milan's grid [154].
# Wideband Printed Wide-Slot Antenna with Fork-Shaped Stub
## Antenna Design and Analysis
### Antenna Configuration
Moreover, the horizontal length of antenna A was longer than that of the main stub, while the horizontal length of antenna B was shorter than that of the main stub. Based on the consideration that a narrower width leads to a higher resonant frequency, the width of the added stub in proposed antennas was narrower than that of the corresponding main stub, i.e., \(w_{a}\) < \(w_{0}\) and \(w_{b}\) < \(w_{0}\). Thus, the upper limiting operation frequency of the proposed antennas could be moved upward.
# Readiness of Enterprises in Czech Republic to Implement Industry 4.0: Index of Industry 4.0
## 2 Theoretical Background
### Information Technology (IT) Infrastructure and Mobile Terminals  
In particular, Industry 4.0 includes a radical shift in how IT infrastructure works, defined as the overall transformation of the manufacturing industry through the introduction of digitization and the internet.  
These transformations mean a revolutionary improvement in the design and manufacturing processes, operations, and services of manufacturing products and systems. [PERSON] [24] defines Industry 4.0 requirements for IT infrastructure in terms of device automation, auto-driving, increased need for reality, an extremely large number of monitored and managed devices, and process automation.  
The enterprises using the Internet of things (IoT) cannot rely solely on wireless networks such as WiFi, ZigBee, and low-power wide-area network (LPWAN) for their future critical related systems [25]. They demand more and more functionality now unavailable according to [PERSON] and [PERSON] [26], particularly including very low latency, very high reliability, and very high bandwidth and bit rate.  
Many of the current network technologies (2G, 3G, 4G -- 2 nd, 3 rd, 4 th Generation of mobile telecommunications technology, NFC -- Near Field Communication, ANT -- Adaptive Network Topology, Bluetooth, GSM -- Global System for Mobile communication, WMAX -- Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access, etc.) are not really good for the future. Future flexibility is offered by the 5G (5 th generation of mobile telecommunications technology) standardization as recommended by [PERSON] [26] for infrastructure. Future infrastructure will lead to vertical and horizontal network connectivity and the use of the industrial internet concept. For example, GeneralElectric's practice [PERSON] [27] described it as connecting industrial sensors and drives to local processing and the internet. Furthermore, links with other important industrial networks can independently create value. The main difference between consumer/social internet and industrial internet lies in the value created. For consumer/social websites, most of the value is created from ads [28].
# Metallic Nanoparticles Obtained via \"Green\" Synthesis as a Platform for Biosensor Construction
###### Abstract  
Novel nanomaterials, including metallic nanoparticles obtained via green synthesis (gNPs), have a great potential for application in biotechnology, industry and medicine. The special role of gNPs is related to antibacterial agents, fluorescent markers and carriers for drug delivery. However, application of gNPs for construction of amperometric biosensors (ABSs) is not well documented. The aim of the current research was to study potential advantages of using gNPs in biosensors. The extracellular metabolites of the yeast _Ogataea polymorpha_ were used as reducing agents for obtaining gNPs from the corresponding inorganic ions. Several gNPs were synthesized, characterized and tested as enzyme carriers on the surface of graphite electrodes (GEs). The most effective were Pd-based gNPs (gPdNPs), and these were studied further and applied for construction of laccase- and alcohol oxidase (AO)-based ABSs. AO/GE, AO-gPdNPs/GE, laccase/GE and laccase-gPdNPs/GE were obtained, and their analytical characteristics were studied. Both gPdNPs-modified ABSs were found to have broader linear ranges and higher storage stabilities than control electrodes, although they are less sensitive toward corresponding substrates. We thus conclude that gPdNPs may be promising for construction of ABSs for enzymes with very high affinities to their substrates.  
green synthesis; metallic nanoparticles; extracellular metabolites; yeast _Ogataea polymorpha_; laccase; alcohol oxidase; amperometric biosensors +
Footnote †: journal: Applied Physics Letters  
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