# The Effect of Bodyweight Support and Incline Running on Triceps Surae Electromyographic Activity
## 3 Results  
Muscle Activity. The mean mRMS of each condition is represented in Figure 3, and the percentage of EMG compared to the normalized run is shown in Table 1.  
For GL, the ANOVA has showed significative differences between conditions (F (1.573, 12.580) = 4.114, \(p\) = 0.015, np2 = 0.340), represented in Figure 3. A large effect size was found between IRBWS0 and IR7 BWS0 (\(p\) = 0.085, d = \(-\)0.882). Significant differences in Time were found between each three moments (F (1.690, 13.523) = 28.532, \(p\) < 0.001, np2 = 0.781). EMGA keeps decreasing with time; EMGA from the last 200 s is inferior to the second one (\(p\) < 0.022), and both are inferior to the first 200 s (\(p\) < 0.001). No interaction was found (F (6, 48) = 0.985, \(p\) = 0.446, np2 = 0.110). For SOL, significant differences between conditions were found (F (3, 21) = 5.131, \(p\) = 0.008, np2 = 0.423), presented in Figure 3. A group effect size was shown between IRBWS0 and IR7 BWS0 (\(p\) = 0.103, Large, d = 0.916) and between IR7 BWS0 and IR7 BWS15 (\(p\) = 0.303, Medium, d = 0.734). Significant differences in Time were found (F (2, 14) = 58.71, \(p\) < 0.001, np2 = 0.893); for the GL, the EMGA from the last 200 s  
Figure 2: Raw EMG of four steps from a participant during IRBWS0. VL: Vastus Lateralis, GL: Gastrocnemius Lateralis, SOL: Soleus, GM: Gastrocnemius Lateralis. one (\(p<0.007\)), and both were inferior to the first 200 s (\(p<0.001\)). No interaction was found between Condition and Time (F (6, 42) = 0.852, \(p=0.538\), \(\eta\)p2 = 0.109). For GM, the ANOVA showed significant differences between conditions (F (3, 24) = 4.106, \(p=0.017\), \(\eta\)p2 = 0.339), as shown in Figure 3. A group effect size was found between IRFBWS0 and IRFBWS15 (\(p=0.07\), large, d = 0.849). Significant differences in Time were found (F (1.129, 9.030) = 8.956, \(p=0.013\), \(\eta\)p2 = 0.528); EMGA of the first 200 s was significantly superior compared to the 2 nd and 3 rd periods of 200 s (\(p<0.001\)). However, no significant interaction was found (F (1.401, 11.210) = 0.739, \(p=0.453\), \(\eta\)p2 = 0.085). For VL, significant differences between conditions were found (F (3, 15) = 14,588, \(p<0.001\), \(\eta\)p2 = 0.745), as presented in Figure 3. The ANOVA did not reveal any significant differences for Time (F (2, 10) = 2.021 \(p=0.183\), \(\eta\)p2 = 0.288) and the interaction between Condition and Time (F (6, 30) = 0.735, \(p=0.626\), \(\eta\)p2 = 0.128). \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c} \hline \hline  & **IR\({}_{\textbf{0}}\)BWS\({}_{\textbf{0}}\)** & **IR\({}_{\textbf{?}}\)BWS\({}_{\textbf{0}}\)** & **IR\({}_{\textbf{?}}\)BWS\({}_{\textbf{15}}\)** & **IR\({}_{\textbf{?}}\)BWS\({}_{\textbf{30}}\)** \\ \hline VL & 0.8\% & 12.9\% & \(-\)0.6\% & \(-\)20.5\% \\ GL & \(-\)5.5\% & 18.1\% & \(-\)11.3\% & \(-\)10.5\% \\ SOL & \(-\)4.6\% & 6.2\% & 0.6\% & \(-\)10.8\% \\ GM & \(-\)4.3\% & 11.7\% & \(-\)2.1\% & 1.1\% \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 1: Values of percentage of EMG activity compared to 30 s run (reference). Level running without BWS (IROBWS0), incline running at 7% and 0% of BWS (IR7 BWS0), incline running at 7% and 15% of BWS (IR7 BWS15), incline running at 7% and 30% of BWS (IR7 BWS30). Figure 3: Modification in EMG activity in percentage of control run (level running). * Means significant difference (\(p<0.05\)). Level running without BWS (IROBWS0), incline running at 7% and 0% of BWS (IR7 BWS0), incline running at 7% and 15% of BWS (IR7 BWS15), incline running at 7% and 30% of BWS (IR7 BWS30). Rating of Perceived Exertion. All results are shown in Figure 4. Our results show significant differences between Condition (F (3, 33) = 28.738, \(p\) < 0.001, np2 = 0.723), but not between IROBWS0 and IR/BWS30 (\(p\) = 0.079). Significant differences in Time (F (1.113, 22) = 32.759, \(p\) < 0.001, np2 = 0.749), and in the interaction between Condition and Time (F (3.259, 66) = 5.427, \(p\) = 0.003, np2 = 0.330) were found.