## 2 Review of Literature
### The Proposal to Assess the Logistics Process Based on Five Steps
These attributes relate directly to the contents of the transferred message and the data that it contains. Precision (accuracy) means that the transferred message is prepared by the sender with the utmost care. The message may not contain errors. Completeness [34] is defined as the set of all data (information) handed over to the message recipient necessary to undertake further decisions or actions. The person who produces the message should include all the required data. Believability in paper [36] is defined as a feature that expresses its compliance with the condition of the object described by it. Another attribute is actuality, which in the case of the message, is defined [37] as the compliance of the message with the real condition of the object described. The data conveyed in the message should be up-to-date for the operation to be performed properly. The last considered attribute that impacts the message quality is intelligibility. The sender of the message [34] should transfer the message to the recipient in a clear and understandable manner. In order to assess the quality of the transferred message, the results from the tested sample of a given message are considered \(n_{l_{m}}\). The recipient, based on the number of the received messages, determines the number of correct ones (No. of correct messages) and how many were incorrect (No. of incorrect messages), referring only to the contents of the message, as well as to the above attributes. If certain data are missing from the content of the message, they are marked in the completeness cell by entering the number of messages in which the completeness attribute was unreliable. If the message is unintelligible, they mark the number of such messages in the intelligibility cell. The recipient receiving an incorrect message must perform a forcing action to clarify or verify the correctness of the message with its sender; the average duration of the clarifying action should be measured. Step 5--Process reliability assessment  
The authors assume that the object may be in a fit or unfit state. In relation to the process under analysis, reliability is the probability of the process being performed within the specified time limit under specific requirements. The method that is used in the paper is the event tree analysis method. Figure 6 shows a process reliability assessment model based on the assumption that the activity will be performed or not. The process commences with an initiating operation. It is assumed that the given action will end up as a success (S) or fail (F) with a set probability. The process studies shall allow for the determination of individual probability values. The use of this method allows for obtaining information on the probability of failure for each activity and, ultimately, the process in its entirety. The steps to draw up an event tree for the process under study are the following [48]:  
Identifying the initiating operation;  
Drawing up an event tree for each activity, assuming two states of activity execution: success and failure;  
Determining the probabilities or possibilities of two states occurring: success and failure for each activity;  
Determination of reliability;  
Analysis and evaluation of the results. After identifying and analyzing the activities involved in the sub-processes, the likelihood of success or failure should be estimated. For a two-state system, it is:  
\[PS\big{(}J_{m_{k}}\big{)}+PF\big{(}J_{m_{k}}\big{)}=1 \tag{5}\]  
where:  
\(PS\big{(}J_{m_{k}}\big{)}\) is the probability of the success sequence for the activity dm, for m = 1,..., M;  
\(PF\big{(}J_{m_{k}}\big{)}\) is the probability of the failure sequence for the activity dm, for m = 1,..., M;  
K is the subsequent binary branching of the sequence. Determination of reliability consists in determining the probability of realization of the set of functioning sequences for the process under analysis, according to the event trees method [40].