## 3 Results
### Fungal Morphology Changes  
Throughout the experiment, changes in fungal morphology were systematically evaluated (Table 4). The most prominent alterations were observed in the color of both the obverse and reverse sides of the colonies. The introduction of hemp extracts into the substrate led to the disappearance of pigment in the medium and a lightening of the mycelium's color compared to the control. Hemp extracts also induced modifications in the mycelial structure. The mycelium of _A. alternata_, _C. cocodes_, and _F. oxysporum_ became denser and flatter compared to the control. Regarding other species (_B. cinerea_, _F. avenueum_, _F. culmorum_, _F. graminearum_, _F. sporotrichoides_, _T. koningii_), fungal colonies growing on the  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c} \hline \hline \multirow{2}{*}{\begin{tabular}{c} **Fungus** \\ **Species** \\ \end{tabular} } & \multirow{2}{*}{\
\begin{tabular}{c} **Experimental** \\ **Combination** \\ \end{tabular} } & \multicolumn{4}{c}{**Number of Days \(\pm\) SD**} \\ \cline{3-6}  & & **2** & **4** & **6** & **8** & **10** \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{_F. oxysporum_} & H5 & 52.75 \(\pm\) 6.86 a & 53.85 \(\pm\) 5.77 a & 47.75 \(\pm\) 8.71 a & 51.05 \(\pm\) 5.35 a & 47.72 \(\pm\) 4.86 a \\ \cline{2-6}  & H10 & 49.49 \(\pm\) 9.26 a & 58.33 \(\pm\) 5.16 a & 51.46 \(\pm\) 8.41 a & 56.91 \(\pm\) 8.14 a & 55.33 \(\pm\) 7.85 a \\ \cline{2-6}  & H20 & 61.54 \(\pm\) 12.82 a & 54.22 \(\pm\) 14.01 a & 58.68 \(\pm\) 8.99 a & 61.52 \(\pm\) 9.98 a & 62.45 \(\pm\) 7.53 a \\ \cline{2-6}  & LSD & 15.328 & 19.994 & 20.773 & 21.406 & 17.210 \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{_F. sporotrichoides_} & H5 & 30.91 \(\pm\) 3.15 a & 50.72 \(\pm\) 3.47 a & 62.63 \(\pm\) 3.21 a & 59.26 \(\pm\) 0.85 a & 47.59 \(\pm\) 2.74 a \\ \cline{2-6}  & H10 & 28.07 \(\pm\) 13.25 a & 52.38 \(\pm\) 6.23 a & 57.81 \(\pm\) 3.57 a & 45.93 \(\pm\) 6.12 b & 40.56 \(\pm\) 2.55 a \\ \cline{2-6}  & H20 & 51.77 \(\pm\) 4.91 a & 62.78 \(\pm\) 3.94 a & 67.81 \(\pm\) 3.16 a & 59.44 \(\pm\) 4.41 a & 50.19 \(\pm\) 6.39 a \\ \cline{2-6}  & LSD & 21.031 & 10.908 & 8.466 & 11.237 & 10.662 \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{_T. koningii_} & H5 & 77.58 \(\pm\) 1.55 a & 80.00 \(\pm\) 2.42 a & 72.22 \(\pm\) 3.09 a & 63.15 \(\pm\) 3.06 b & 56.85 \(\pm\) 1.40 a \\ \cline{2-6}  & H10 & 77.55 \(\pm\) 4.68 a & 85.66 \(\pm\) 2.55 a & 77.41 \(\pm\) 1.70 a & 70.93 \(\pm\) 1.95 a & 65.00 \(\pm\) 2.94 a \\ \cline{1-1} \cline{2-6}  & H20 & 76.53 \(\pm\) 3.53 a & 84.79 \(\pm\) 2.63 a & 77.41 \(\pm\) 4.98 a & 68.15 \(\pm\) 2.57 a & 62.22 \(\pm\) 4.19 a \\ \cline{1-1} \cline{2-6}  & LSD & 3.883 & 5.155 & 8.751 & 5.609 & 7.229 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\begin{tabular}{c} H5, H10, H20—5, 10, 20% hemp extract; SD—standard deviation; a, b, c—values within the experimental combination, marked with the same letter are not significantly different at \(p\leq 0.05\).  
\end{table}
Table 3: _Cont._medium with extracts exhibited increased density but also demonstrated enhanced upward growth (Table 4). Hemp extracts also exerted an effect on the intensity of fungal sporulation. The most significant reduction in the number of spores occurred in _T. koningii_ and _A. alternata_, where the addition of hemp extracts to the substrate inhibited the sporulation process, resulting in smaller and less developed conidia than in the control (Figure 3). The opposite reaction was recorded for fungi of the genus _Fusarium_, where hemp extracts contributed to the stimulation of sporulation, which is a common defense mechanism of fungi in response to the presence of toxic substances in the medium (Figure 3). The findings substantiated the fungistatic effect of hemp extracts, underscoring the justification for further research in this domain. Evaluation of the phytotoxic potential of hemp extracts and their influence on plant health warrants verification through field experiments.  
Figure 3: Development of fungal spores on PDA with the addition of hemp extracts; C5, C10, C20—control with 5, 10, 20% solvent residue; H5, H10, H20—5, 10, 20% hemp extract; day 6 of growth.