## 1 Introduction  
The fifth-generation New Radio (5G NR) technology has led the way to a new era of connectivity and communication, poised to revolutionize the way we connect and interact with vehicles and infrastructure [1]. This advancement has led to the emergence of C-V2X communication as a key element of the upcoming intelligent transportation systems [2, 3]. In order to facilitate seamless communication between vehicles, pedestrians and infrastructure components, C-V2X relies on 5G NR technology [1]. This introduces advanced capabilities and increases performances. Hence, it also improves traffic control, road safety and overall transportation effectiveness [4].  
In today's world of rapid advancements, the integration of state-of-the-art wireless communication technologies with transportation systems presents a potential for revolutionary safety, efficiency and connection within transportation systems [5]. In the context of this dynamic environment, the area of C-V2X communication assumes significant importance, as it encompasses a range of communication modes, including Vehicle-to-Vehicle(V2V), Vehicle-to-Infrastructure (V2I) and Vehicle-to-Pedestrian (V2P) interactions [6]. The primary objective of C-V2X is to establish transportation ecosystems that are both safer and more efficient [7, 8]. This is achieved by enabling seamless communication between vehicles, infrastructure and people, with the aim of preventing accidents, alleviating congestion and improving overall mobility [9].  
Within the dynamic and high-mobility environment of vehicular networking, a significant challenge arises in the form of packet collisions [10]. When multiple UEs compete for the same resources simultaneously, the potential for collisions increases, threatening information integrity, network efficiency and most importantly, safety [11]. It is high potential for message packet collisions that commands our attention [12].  
This paper embarks on a comprehensive exploration of collision probabilities among UEs in C-V2X scenarios, with a specialized focus on the intricate interplay within 5G NR sidelink technology. The primary objective of this study is to analyze and evaluate the effectiveness of time-domain resource allocation strategies in mitigating packet collisions. Specifically, we aim to investigate how variations in generation time, speed and distance impact collision probabilities and overall network performance.  
The main contributions of this paper are as follows:  
* A time-domain resource allocation strategy that dynamically adjusts reselection intervals and reservation mechanisms to optimize resource utilization.
* A detailed collision probability model that quantifies the impact of key factors such as distance, speed and resource block allocation.
* Performance evaluation through simulations, demonstrating how the proposed strategy reduces collision probabilities and improves packet reception rate (PRR) compared to conventional allocation techniques.  
By addressing these objectives, our study provides valuable insights that can influence the design, implementation and optimization of C-V2X communication systems, ensuring more reliable and efficient vehicular networking in 5G environments.  
In connected and autonomous vehicle environments, where safety and efficiency rely heavily on real-time, data-driven decision making [13], the issue of packet collisions emerges as a matter of utmost significance [14, 15]. Our study objective is to investigate the intricate dynamics present in C-V2X networks, with a specific focus on the utilization of 5G NR sidelink technologies [16].  
The remainder of this paper is structured as follows: Section 2 provides a literature review of related studies. Section 3 discusses the collision probability model, the impact of key variables and the proposed time-domain resource allocation strategy. Section 4 presents simulation results and evaluation metrics. Finally, Section 5 concludes this paper with a summary of key findings and future research directions.