###### Abstract
's [23] experimental and parametric analysis using a finite element methodology on the array of behaviors of nested steel tubes underscore the superior energy absorption capacity facilitated by specific arrangements and dimensional characteristics of these tubes. Additionally, [PERSON] and [PERSON]'s study [24] on the lateral crushing behavior of nested steel tubes presents a comparative analysis based on diameters, combinations, and uniform wall thicknesses under compression tests. In parallel, the application of aluminum alloys is extensively recognized in the automotive and aerospace industries, and is attributed to their high specific strength, ductility, corrosion resistance, and cost-effectiveness [25; 26]. Research by [PERSON] et al. [11] on the lateral deformation behaviors under quasi-static and impact loading of nested-tube systems employing aluminum and steel elucidates the significant effects of material choice and tube combination on deformation behavior. Lastly, [PERSON] et al. 's study [27] on the deformation behavior of nested structures comprising elliptical tubes within corrugated tubes under lateral compression tests highlights the critical interaction between the corrugation and the internal tube, significantly impacting the energy dissipation behavior. This comprehensive body of research significantly contributes to the ongoing advancements in the field of materials science, particularly in the optimization of the energy absorption capacities of nested-tube structures for enhanced safety and efficiency in automotive and aerospace applications. Nested tubular configurations have been increasingly recognized for their potential as energy dissipation mechanisms in the face of impacts and explosive forces. In the realm of material science and engineering, [PERSON] et al. [12] investigated the incorporation of steel triangular structures within circular tubes as a method to counteract the effects of impact and explosion energies. Their research primarily focused on examining how variations in the circular tube's thickness, along with the geometric alterations in the triangular shape, influenced the overall energy absorption capacity during lateral compression tests. The results showed that nested structures are effective in absorbing energy. Nested-tube energy absorbers tested under quasi-static loads were found to exhibit successful energy absorption performance during plastic deformation stages. In addition, numerical analyses indicated that these energy absorbers reduced blast loads by 50.1% to 74.3%. Complementing this study, [PERSON] et al. [28] explored the integration of nested structures by inserting elliptical tubes inside circular tubes, specifically targeting applications in aviation components. Their analysis delved into the lateral crushing behavior of these composite structures, concluding that the force-response curves of the circular and elliptical nested configurations exhibited greater stability compared to those composed solely of circular or elliptical tubes. This body of work underscores the significance of geometric optimization in enhancing the energy absorption efficiency of tubular structures under extreme loading conditions. Additionally, the combination of circular and elliptical shapes provides a structural advantage by improving stability and resistance to local buckling. The elliptical tube, in particular, enhances resistance to bending, while the circular tube offers radial strength. Tubular structures, when augmented with foam fillings, exhibit a significantly enhanced capacity for energy absorption. The integration of foams as hybrid components alongside thin-walled tubes capitalizes on their inherent low density, ease of production, and superior specific energy absorption characteristics, as indicated in the literature [29]. In these studies, the foam filling significantly improves the crashworthiness of these structures by distributing crushing forces more efficiently, stabilizing the column walls, and preventing local buckling.