## 3 Case Study
### Data Source of Weather and Electricity Price  
To simulate the running state of equipment in ice sports venues based on outdoor climatic conditions, it is essential to select suitable hourly meteorological parameters. Given the stochastic nature of meteorological conditions, using weather data from a specific year to calculate the model may lead to results that lack representativeness. To ensure the results reflect long-term climatic characteristics, typical year meteorological data are chosen for the calculations [51]. Data were obtained from [[https://climate.onebuilding.org](https://climate.onebuilding.org)]([https://climate.onebuilding.org](https://climate.onebuilding.org)) (accessed on 14 July 2025), where climate data are regularly updated, validated, and subjected to quality checks. The validation process is primarily based on the 2021 ASHRAE Handbook. This data source has been widely applied in numerous studies. For this research, typical days of summer, winter, and transitional seasons in cold regions are selected for simulation. Apart from winter and summer, this study follows previous research by combining spring and autumn into a single transitional season for analysis. The outdoor ambient temperature and relative humidity of the three typical days are shown in Figure 5. During typical summer days, ambient conditions are characterized by high temperatures and elevated humidity levels. In contrast, transitional seasons exhibit moderate temperature and humidity conditions, while typical winter days are marked by both low temperatures and low humidity. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Parameter** & **Value** & **Unit** & **Parameter** & **Value** & **Unit** \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{\(\theta_{z,sel}\)} & 288.15 (Winter); & & & & \\  & 291.15 (Transition season) & K & \(U\) & 0.00044 & kW/(m\({}^{2}\)\(\cdot\)K) \\ \cline{2-6}  & 293.15 (Summer) & & & & \\ \(w_{z,sel}\) & 0.0845 & kgH\({}_{20}\)/kg\({}_{\text{air}}\) & A & 1937.49 & m\({}^{2}\) \\ \(P_{ven}\) & 200 & kW & \(\dot{m}\) & 193.452 & kg/h \\ \(P_{dh}\) & 70 & kW & \(\dot{v}\) & 1225 & kg/h \\ \(P_{ht}\) & 176 & kW & \(q_{rad}\) & 0.18 & kW/(h\(\cdot\)Person) \\ \(\tau\) & 1 & h & \(N_{aud}\) & 205 & Person \\ \(\omega_{z}^{max}\) & 70 (Summer); & \% & \(\epsilon\) & 1 & - \\ \(\dot{V}\) & 60 & kg/s & \(\sigma\) & 0.00567 & kW/m\({}^{2}\) \\ \(V_{z}^{task}\) & 157.92 & m\({}^{3}\)/h & \(\theta_{x}(0)\) & 279.15 & K \\ \(N\) & 261 & Person & \(\theta_{y}(0)\) & 293.15 & K \\  & & & & 288.15 (Winter, & \\ \(\varphi\) & 0.92 & - & \(\theta_{z}(0)\) & Transition season); & K \\  & & & & 293.15 (Summer) & \\ \(g\) & 0.391 & kg/h & \(w_{z}(0)\) & 0.0745 & kgH\({}_{20}\)/kg\({}_{\text{air}}\) \\  & & & & 293.15 (Summer) & \\  & & & & 293.15 (Winter) & \\ \(\rho\) & 1.225 & kg/m\({}^{3}\) & \(\theta_{z}^{pen}\) & 283.15 (Winter) & \\  & & & & 285.15 (Transition & \\  & & & & season) & \\ \(v_{Z}(t)\) & 120 & kg/h & \(C_{om-vnn}(t)\) & 0.0045 & CNY\(\cdot\)kWh\({}^{-1}\) \\ \(K\) & 0.828 & kg/m\({}^{2}\)\(\cdot\)h & \(C_{om-th}(t)\) & 0.0105 & CNY\(\cdot\)kWh\({}^{-1}\) \\ \(A_{ice}\) & 1800 & m\({}^{2}\) & \(C_{om-ht}(t)\) & 0.0037 & CNY\(\cdot\)kWh\({}^{-1}\) \\ \(X_{a}\) & 0.0189 & kgH\({}_{20}\)/kg\({}_{\text{air}}\) & \(C_{sc-cnr}(t)\) & 0.0024 & CNY\(\cdot\)kWh\({}^{-1}\) \\ \(X_{i}\) & 0.00245 & kgH\({}_{20}\)/kg\({}_{\text{air}}\) & \(C_{sc-dh}(t)\) & 0.0058 & CNY\(\cdot\)kWh\({}^{-1}\) \\ \(T_{ice}\) & 268.15 & K & \(C_{sc-dh}(t)\) & 0.0065 & CNY\(\cdot\)kWh\({}^{-1}\) \\  & 281.15 (Winter) & & & & \\ \(\theta_{z}^{l}\) & 283.15 (Transition season); & K & \(EF\) & 0.5688 & CO\({}_{2}\)\(\cdot\)kWh\({}^{-1}\) \\  & 285.15 (Summer) & & & & \\  & 291.15 (Winter), & & & & \\ \(\theta_{z}^{a}\) & 293.15 (Transition season); & K & \(C_{o2}\) & 0.058 & CNY\(\cdot\)kg CO\({}_{2}\) \\  & 299.15 (Summer) & & & & \\ \(C_{Z}\) & 1.005 & kJ/(kg\(\cdot\)K) & COP & 3 & \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 1: Parameter of the equipment and ice sports venue.