## 3 Results and Discussions  
The PV system generated the lowest energy in November, 24,242 kWh, the highest in July, 119,047 kWh, and a total of 755,518 kWh in 2024. Figure 6 shows the monthly output energy and irradiation in the panel plane. The output energy of a PV plant is directly related to irradiation and temperature. The relationship between irradiation, temperature, and the energy produced is used to determine the performance ratio of the PV plant. The performance ratio is desired to be 80% and above. Figure 7 shows the irradiance, temperature, and PV energy for a typical sunny day on 10 July 2024. In the months of measurement, the irradiation was measured to be a maximum of 1128 W/m\({}^{2}\), and the PV cell temperature was measured to be a maximum of 67 \({}^{\circ}\)C. Between 1 January 2023 and 1 January 2024 the amount of energy transferred from the grid to the load, from PV to the grid, from PV to the load, and the PV output power were recorded and analyzed hourly. Figure 8 shows the monthly energy transfer between the grid, PV, and load. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c} \hline \hline
**Description** & **Value** & **Unit** \\ \hline Electricity Price (Grid to load) & 0.108 & USD/kWh \\ Electricity Price (PV to grid) & 0.093 & USD/kWh \\ The Capital Cost of a PV Plant & 410,000 & USD \\ The Capital Cost of an ESS & 156,000 & USD \\ Project Life Cycle & 13.4 & \% \\ Thermal Efficiency & 69.3 & \% \\ Degradation Rate of PV & 0.07 & \%/year \\ Debt to Equity & 0.2 & \% \\ Interest Rate & 10 & \%/year \\ Loan Term & 25 & Years \\ Effective Tax & 20 & \%/year \\ Nominal Discount Rate & 4 & \%/year \\ O\&M Cost & 1 & \%/year \\ Inflation Rate & 14.9 & \%/year \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 3: Key parameters for the economic analysis. Figure 6: PV output energy and in-plane irradiation. Figure 8: The energy transfer between grid, PV, and load. Figure 7: In-plane irradiation, ambient temperature, and panel temperature. Due to the snow falling on the 3 rd of February, the PV panels remained under the snow for approximately 14 days. Therefore, there was no energy transfer from PV to the grid in this process. Despite this, 6832 kWh of energy was transferred from PV to the grid in February. Table 4 shows the monthly amounts of energy transferred to the grid. Figure 9 shows the analysis of daily energy transfer on the 2 nd of August and 2 nd of February. On the 2 nd of February, 2964 kWh energy were transferred from the grid to the load, 165 kWh from the PV to the grid, and 718 kWh from the PV to the load. The total consumption of the load was 3682 kWh, and the generation of PV was 884 kWh. Even if the energy produced by PV during the day met approximately 24% of the load's needs, if the 165-kWh energy transferred to the grid between 11:00 and 15:00 was stored in batteries, both technical and economic benefits would have been provided. On this example day, when the PV output power is at a minimum level during the year, the batteries can be fully charged instead of transferring energy from PV to the loads. Moreover, after the batteries are fully charged, the remaining energy can be transferred to the loads. On the 2 nd of August, 1734 kWh of energy were transferred from the grid to the load, 2038 kWh from the PV to the grid, and 1837 kWh from the PV to the load. The total consumption of the load was 3571 kWh, and the generation of PV was 3875 kWh. The energy produced by PV during this day met the entire need of the load. There was no energy transfer from the grid to the load between 08:00 and 17:00. During the year, on this