## 3 Results and Discussion
### Simulation Parameters
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{l c c} \hline \hline
**Parameters** & **Values** & **References** \\ \hline
**Scenario** & & \\ \hline Tunnel dimensions, \(L_{x}\times L_{y}\times L_{z}\) & \(6\text{ m}\times 3\text{ m}\times 5\text{ m}\) & [7] \\ TX position, \(\mathbf{T}=(x_{\text{tx},y},x_{\text{tx}})\) & \((3,0.5,4.5)\text{ m}\) & [7] \\ RX \(z\)-axis coordinate, \(z_{\text{rx}}\) & \(1.8\text{ m m}\) & [7] \\ Spatial resolution, \((\Delta x,\Delta y,\Delta y)\) & \((6,1.5,5)/7\text{ m}^{2}\) & - \\ Area of grid element in reflection calculation, \(\Delta A\) & \(1/9\text{ m}^{2}\) & [7] \\ Reflective surface area of reflector element, \(A_{\text{ref}}\) & \(1\text{ cm}^{2}\) & [7] \\ Number of reflectors per wall, \(W/2\) & \(270\) & [7] \\ \(w\)th reflector rotation angles, \(a_{\text{tx},1},a_{\text{tx},2},a_{\text{tx},3}\) & \(\mathcal{U}[0,\pi]\), wall at \(y=0\) & [7] \\ \(w\)th reflector tilt angle \(\beta_{\text{tx},1},\beta_{\text{tx},2},\beta_{\text{tx},3}\) & \(\mathcal{U}[\pi,2\pi]\), wall at \(y=L_{y}\) & [7] \\ \hline
**LED parameters** & & \\ \hline Average total transmitted optical power, \(P_{\text{avg}}\) & \(10\text{ W}\) & [7] \\ Average transmitted power by \(i\)th LED, \(P_{\text{avg},i}\) & \(10/3\text{ W}\) & [11] \\ LED rotation angle, \(a_{\text{tx}}\) & \(90^{\circ}\) & - \\ LED tilt angle, \(\beta_{\text{tx}}\) & \(20^{\circ}\) & - \\ Semi-angle at half power, \(\phi_{1/2}\) & \(60^{\circ}\) & [7] \\ LED impulse response, \(h_{\text{LED}}(t)\) & \(4(e^{-t/t_{\text{lab}}}-e^{-t/t_{\text{same}}})\) & [7; 43] \\ LED rise time, \(\tau_{\text{rise}}\) & \(0.5\text{ ns}\) & [7] \\ LED fall time, \(\tau_{\text{fall}}\) & \(1\text{ ns}\) & [7] \\ \hline
**PD parameters** & & \\ \hline PD surface area, \(A_{R}\) & \(1\text{ cm}^{2}\) & [7] \\ PD rotation angle, \(a_{\text{rx}}\) & \(270^{\circ}\) & - \\ PD tilt angle, \(\beta_{\text{rx}}\) & \(20^{\circ}\) & - \\ Half angle FoV, \(\Theta_{\text{FoV}}/2\) & \(70^{\circ}\) & [7] \\ Optical concentrator refractive index, \(\eta\) & \(1.5\) & [7] \\ \hline
**Noise parameters** & & \\ \hline Type of noise & AWGN & [25] \\ Electronic charge constant, \(q\) & \(1.6\times 10^{-19}\text{ C}\) & [7] \\ Bandwidth of electrical filter after PD, \(B\) & \(100\text{ MHz}\) & [44] \\ Background radiation photocurrent, \(l_{\text{bg}}\) & \(10\text{ nA}\) & [45] \\ Boltzmann’s constant, \(\kappa\) & \(1.38\times 10^{-29}\text{ J/K}\) & [7] \\ Absolute temperature, \(T_{\text{g}}\) & \(295\text{ K}\) & [29] \\ Open-loop voltage gain, \(G_{\text{el}}\) & \(10\) & [29] \\ Fixed capacitance of PD per unit area, \(C_{\text{pd}}\) & \(112\times 10^{-8}\text{ F/m}^{2}\) & [29] \\ FET channel noise factor, \(\Gamma\) & \(1.5\) & [29] \\ FET transconductance, \(g_{\text{nz}}\) & \(0.03\text{ S}\) & [29] \\ \hline
**Shadowing parameters** & & \\ \hline Poisson process intensity parameter, \(\epsilon\) & \(10\text{ per min}\) & [46] \\ Poisson process time period, \(T_{s}\) & \(5\text{ min}\) & [46] \\ Obstacle’s width and height joint PDF, \(g_{\text{z}}(u,v)\) & \(\mathcal{U}(u\in[0,1],v\in[0,2])\) & [7; 46] \\ Obstacle’s \(x\)-\(y\) position joint PDF, \(f_{\text{z}}(x,y)\) & \(\mathcal{U}(x\in[0,3],y\in[1,2])\) & [7; 46] \\ \hline
**Dust parameters** & & \\ \hline Type of dust & Coal dust & [5] \\ Dust density, \(p_{p}\) & \(1450\text{ mg/cm}^{3}\) & [30] \\ Irregularity coefficient, \(C_{\text{v}}\) & \(\pi/6\) & [5; 30] \\ Mass distribution function, \(F(x_{p})\) & \(F(x_{p})=1-\exp(-(x_{p}/x_{p})^{\pi_{p}})\) & [30; 34] \\ Characteristic size, \(\tilde{x}_{p}\) & \(2\text{ \mu m}\) & [34] \\ Spread index, \(n_{p}\) & \(0.005\) & [34] \\ Minimum particle diameter, \(x_{p,\text{min}}\) & \(1\text{ \mu m}\) & [34] \\ Maximum particle diameter, \(x_{p,\text{max}}\) & \(40\text{ \mu m}\) & [34] \\ Mass per unit volume of dust, \(W_{p}\) & \(5000\text{ mg/m}^{3}\) & [34] \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 2: UM-VLC system parameters.