# YouTube Videos in the Virtual Flipped Classroom Model Using Brain Signals and Facial Expressions
### The Flipped Classroom Model in the Development of Grammatical Competency  
There are several examples of the implementation of this model in various areas of knowledge. This section discusses studies carried out in which the flipped classroom model was explicitly used to develop linguistic competency, not only in the Spanish language, but also in languages. The Flipped Classroom model was implemented in Ecuador to develop Spanish proficiency in writing among International Baccalaureate (high school) students [8]. This decision was part of a didactic strategy to improve the teaching-learning process of these students. The model was implemented to combine virtual synchronous and asynchronous activities to provide continuity to the program. The researchers concluded that the Flipped Classroom model allowed positive results in the teaching-learning process and was accepted by the students. This study found that this model promotes a dynamic environment, collaborative work, meaningful learning, and self-regulation of learning. It also boosts the commitment and interest of the students in the discipline while preserving their motivation. Figure 2: The process of planning a class under the Flipped Classroom model using videos. In Spain, another study was carried out in which the Flipped Classroom model was applied to develop linguistic competency among students in the fifth grade of primary education [9]. The results showed an increase in the students' motivation towards learning, which impacted their learning results, as seen in a notable and outstanding increase in the participants' grades. Advances were observed in oral and written expression. The students were very comfortable handling digital devices and understood the possibilities that they offer for learning. The need for direct explanations by the teacher decreased, and the self-management of learning improved. The study revealed that this model notably improves students' academic performance in developing linguistic competency. Another example of the implementation of this model is a Russian study to develop communicative competence in the teaching of Spanish as a foreign language [10]. The teachers used a selection of videos in Spanish from the _YouTube EDU_ platform as learning materials for study outside of class time. The researchers concluded that the Flipped Classroom model brings several advantages: more time for personalized interaction between teacher and student, increased responsibility and self-sufficiency of the students, and the development of the teacher's capacity to create mini-video classes. Moreover, the model lets each student work according to their rhythm, increases creativity and critical thinking, positively transforms relationships between teachers and students, motivates students, and improves the classroom environment (making it more friendly and comfortable, and allowing better concentration). As mentioned at the beginning of this section, the Flipped Classroom model has also been used to develop communicative competency in other languages. Such is the case of a study in Latin America to teach English at the baccalaureate level [11]. The study aimed to contrast the development of grammatical competency in the Flipped Classroom model with that of conventional education. The study was carried out with a control group and an experimental group. A test was applied to measure grammatical competency before and after the experiment to validate the English level of the two groups of students. The results showed a significant increase in the development of grammatical competency in the students with whom the flipped classroom was used. Additionally, a survey was applied to determine the students' perception of the Flipped Classroom model, which concluded that this methodology positively impacted their perception. The students' responses revealed that the Flipped Classroom helped them build their learning. Similarly, the Flipped Classroom model has been studied to develop linguistic competency in the French language.