## 1 Introduction
Their research found that increasing the additional damping ratio (\(\underline{\ell}\_\)add) generally reduces structural plastic energy and enhances the energy dissipated by dampers, although values above 20% show diminishing returns ([PERSON] et al., 2022). Furthermore, dampers with a velocity power \(\alpha\) of 0.3 are not suitable for tall buildings. [PERSON] and colleagues also introduced a three-stage variable-damping-coefficient viscous fluid damper (VCVFD) tailored for high-intensity earthquakes, which significantly increased the structural damping ratios and reduced displacement under strong seismic loads ([PERSON] et al., 2022). Exploring numerical models for FVDs, [PERSON] et al. (2023) identified that differential models typically offer greater accuracy compared to algebraic ones. Notably, models Law#8 and Law#9 demonstrated both high accuracy and robustness, while Law#2, though robust, had lower precision ([PERSON] et al., 2022). [PERSON] et al. (2023) introduced a novel viscous damping wall (VDW) featuring a displacement amplification mechanism, which outperformed traditional VDWs in reducing structural acceleration, inter-story displacement, and shear forces ([PERSON] et al., 2021). [PERSON] et al. (2021) **discussed** the evolution of passive energy dissipation systems, particularly viscous fluid dampers, designed to enhance seismic performance in structures. These dampers **convert** kinetic energy into heat, effectively absorbing seismic energy and allowing structures to remain undamaged post-earthquake. Their full-scale experiments **demonstrated** stable mechanical properties, with hysteresis loops **resembling** a rectangular shape, indicating strong energy dissipation capability. The results **showed** damping force measurements within 15% of the design values, smooth hysteresis curves, and no leakage or permanent deformation, confirming the reliability of these dampers in seismic applications. In the context of reinforced concrete structures [14], [PERSON] et al. (2023) compared the performance of buckling-restrained braces (BRBs) and FVDs. Their findings revealed that BRBs are more effective in enhancing overall stiffness and structural capacity, whereas FVDs are superior in handling large displacements [15]. [PERSON] et al. (2023) investigated the impact of various FVD configurations and damping coefficient distribution methods in ten-story moment-resisting buildings. Their study showed that damper configuration plays a crucial role in seismic performance, while the method of distribution has a lesser impact [16]. Further examining the effects of damper parameters, [PERSON] et al. (2024) utilized a response surface method to model damping efficiency in frame shear wall structures, demonstrating higher accuracy and predictability over traditional sensitivity analyses [17]. [PERSON] and colleagues also conducted shaking table tests on two-story steel structures, highlighting that dampers positioned at the mid-span effectively reduced vertex displacement and base shear [18]. [PERSON] et al. (2024) introduced the Asynchronized Parallel Double-Stage Viscous Fluid Damper (APDVFD), which adapts its performance based on deformation levels. Their full-scale tests confirmed the effectiveness of APDVFD in managing high response control under extreme conditions with minimal fatigue loss [19]. [PERSON] et al. (2022) proposed a Multilayer Viscous Damping Wall with Amplified Deformation (MADW), showing significantly increased damping forces and energy dissipation, particularly during severe earthquakes [20]. [PERSON] et al. (2024) **developed** a hybrid self-centering brace (HSB) to improve seismic resilience in buildings by controlling both structural and nonstructural damage. The HSB **combines** NiTi-based shape memory alloy dampers for self-centering and viscoelastic dampers for velocity-proportional damping. Their study **demonstrated** that the HSB effectively **reduced** deformations, base shear, and residual accelerations, showcasing its potential for enhancing earthquake-resistant structures [21].