# Advancements and Prospects of Electronic Nose in Various Applications: A Comprehensive Review
## 3 Application Areas
### Food Analysis
#### 3.1.2 Applications in Different Food Sectors  
The electronic nose has emerged as a versatile and indispensable tool within the food industry, offering a multifaceted array of applications that significantly contribute to quality assurance, origin tracking, process optimization, and waste reduction. Specifically designed to detect and analyze VOCs emitted by diverse food products, these sophisticated devices serve as catalysts for a range of functions that bolster food safety, ensure freshness, and elevate overall quality management. The prowess of electronic noses in discerning varying product qualities and provenances has become pivotal across diverse food sectors, encompassing commodities such as olive oil, green tea, and wine [97; 98; 99]. These advanced olfactory systems possess an innate ability to delve into the intricate aromatic profiles inherent to distinct products, facilitating precise categorization based on their unique quality attributes. This inherent capability not only shields against deceptive practices but also stands as a cornerstone of consumer satisfaction and trust. A compelling illustration of this potential is highlighted by the groundbreaking research conducted by [PERSON] et al. [98], who adeptly employed an electronic nose equipped with a sophisticated array of ten SMOX-based sensors. In their study, the headspace emanating from a range of tea samples was methodically introduced into the sensor chamber at a steady flow rate of 50 mL/min. Each measurement was conducted for a duration of 60 s. As a result of their innovative approach, the research yielded precise differentiation among various grades of green tea. The vigilance exercised in overseeing and regulating production processes forms the bedrock of sustaining a consistent and superior food quality standard. Within this realm, the integration of e-nose technology emerges as a pivotal player, endowing the capability to meticulously track and evaluate complex manufacturing procedures, as exemplified by the intricate process of coffee bean roasting [100]. By meticulously scrutinizing the nuanced changes embedded within aroma profiles during the roasting process, electronic noses enable real-time assessments of roasting degrees, thereby serving as custodians of product uniformity. A landmark achievement in this domain is embodied by the groundbreaking work of [PERSON] et al. [100]. Leveraging an e-nose equipped with state-of-the-art SMOX-based sensors and an artificial neural network, developed by AIRSENSE Analytics in Milan, Italy, their research culminated in quantifying degrees of coffee bean roasting. This endeavor marks a pivotal stride towards the realization of an in-line monitoring system tailored to the intricacies of the coffee bean roasting process. The fusion of cutting-edge sensor technology and advanced data analysis methodologies facilitated the detection of subtle variations in aroma profiles during roasting, providing a comprehensive insight into the dynamic transformations occurring within the beans. This innovation significantly contributes to optimizing the roasting process, thereby elevating the final product's consistency and sensory attributes. The accurate assessment of food freshness stands as an imperious goal in mitigating food wastage and safeguarding consumer well-being. Within this endeavor, electronic noses emerge as indispensable tools, orchestrating a multifaceted approach to trace the complex trajectory of odorous transformations inherent in food spoilage. Notably, these devices, fortified by semiconductor thin film sensors and dynamic principal component analysis, have been harnessed to scrutinize the degradation of milk freshness [101]. This application underscores the device's adeptness at scrutinizing evolving scent profiles, enabling a comprehensive evaluation of the milk's susceptibility to rancidity. Beyond milk, the proficiency of electronic noses extends to diverse meat categories, most notably encompassing beef, poultry, and fish.