# Data-Driven Network Latency Processing for Auxiliary Services in Virtual Power Plant
## 2 Related Work
### The Communication Requirements of VPP  
VPP services are characterized by a large number of short-term services, a high concurrency rate, wide cross-regional services, and large load fluctuations [14]. The academic circles mainly summarize the following four typical operations of VPPs for analysis. * Frequency Regulation Service A VPP can control the flexible DERs of the access system, so that its overall external characteristics track the automatic generation control signals sent by the grid to provide frequency regulation services [15]. The traditional frequency regulation service can be subdivided into primary frequency regulation service and secondary frequency regulation service according to the participating objects and methods. Due to the differences in the types of flexible DERs aggregated, the overall external characteristics of a VPP can be manifested as power supply or load. Therefore, a VPP's participation in frequency regulation services can bring more possibilities. In addition, the energy storage resources in a VPP, which have remarkable response characteristics, are an important unit involved in the frequency regulation of the power grid. Due to the increasing penetration rate of distributed renewable energy in the power system, the combination of photovoltaic, wind power, and energy storage forms a joint system to participate in the frequency regulation of the power system, which can effectively improve the response speed and adjustment accuracy. * Peak Regulation Service The mature power market generally realizes peak regulation through a real-time balance or market mechanism. As the proportion of new energy generation continues to rise in China, the compensation mode and intensity of an auxiliary service plan can no longer meet the operational needs of the power grid. In 2006, China proposed a peaking regulation service as a new auxiliary service product. By coordinating the accessing flexible DERs in an electric power system, a VPP can make its external characteristics follow the changes of the power supply of the power system. A VPPcan even be used as a supplement to the external power supply to balance the power system to ensure safety and stability. * Demand Response Service Demand response refers to the fact that demand-side users in the power market participate in the power market or the power system regulation by changing the power consumption pattern with normal load according to the price or incentive. Demand-side users mainly cover users in the fields of industry, construction, transportation, etc. The representative load types include industrial assembly line workshops, building air conditioning loads, transportation shore power, public transportation, and electric vehicles. The VPP can participate in the demand response as an independent individual, and settle to the end user and load according to a certain standard. * Electricity Market Service Electricity market trading is the general term of electricity trading activities between power generation enterprises and power selling companies or large power users through market-oriented ways. A VPP can participate in the electricity trading in the electricity market as an independent individual. The information sources of electricity market service transmission include energy resources, environmental meteorology, energy production, energy transmission, energy distribution, load demand, real-time electricity price, and other information [16]. The power service systems involved include an electricity consumption information collection system, distribution automation system, and so on. The interaction and operation between a VPP and a power system is based on a reliable and secure communication network. Different VPP services have different requirements on network service quality. The specific service quality can be expressed in the form of quality of service (QoS) collection. When the network quality is poor, it may lead to problems such as the decrease in DER online rate and the failure of VPP control commands.