## 4 Discussion
### Parameter Interactions
#### 4.2.1 Thermal Comfort and Indoor Air Quality (IAQ)  
Thermal comfort is closely linked with indoor air quality (IAQ), as both parameters directly influence occupant satisfaction and productivity. The studies revealed a moderate positive correlation between thermal comfort and IAQ, indicating that improving air quality can enhance thermal satisfaction. This is consistent with findings from several studies where temperature regulation and air quality, such as CO\({}_{2}\) levels, are often managed together for optimal comfort. A well-ventilated space improves thermal comfort by maintaining air circulation, thereby preventing stuffiness and promoting a more stable thermal environment.  
Acoustic comfort in educational environments is influenced by multiple factors, including ventilation systems. The relationship between acoustic comfort, ventilation, and air velocity warrants careful consideration [81]. While, theoretically, higher ventilation rates can lead to increased air velocity, this relationship is moderated by numerous factors including duct design, diffuser types, room geometry, and the presence of obstacles. Our analysis of the reviewed studies indicates that while ventilation flow rates and air velocity are related parameters, their correlation is not as straightforward as might be expected. Ventilation systems can create noise through multiple mechanisms: turbulence at diffusers, vibration in ductwork, and mechanical noise from fans and other equipment. These noise sources are dependent not solely on air velocity or flow rate but also on system design, maintenance status, and installation quality. For example, a well-designed ventilation system with proper acoustic treatment may deliver high air flow rates with minimal noise impact, while a poorly designed system might generate significant noise even at moderate flow rates. This explains why some studies in our review reported acoustic comfort issues in spaces with relatively modest ventilation rates. Furthermore, the studies we analyzed showed that the relationship between noise levels and occupant perception is not linear, as it is influenced by background noise levels, room acoustics, and the frequency characteristics of the ventilation noise. This complex interplay highlights the importance of holistic design approaches that consider both ventilation requirements and acoustic comfort simultaneously.  
Lighting plays a pivotal role in visual comfort in educational settings, as demonstrated by several studies in our review. [PERSON] et al. [26] developed a new lighting quality assessment method specifically for university environments, finding that spaces with daylight factor values between 2 and 5% achieved 78% higher occupant satisfaction scores compared to spaces with either lower or higher values. This supports our conclusion regarding the importance of appropriate light distribution rather than simply maximizing illuminance.  
The preference for natural light over artificial lighting was substantiated by [PERSON] et al. [41], who assessed daylighting performance in high schools and found that classrooms with balanced natural lighting showed a 23% improvement in self-reported visual comfort compared to those primarily relying on artificial lighting. Their data demonstrated reduced eye strain reports (by 31%) in naturally lit spaces compared to artificially lit ones of equivalent illuminance levels.  
[PERSON] et al. [9] provided quantitative evidence regarding glare and visual discomfort, documenting that excessive window-to-wall ratios above 40% in Saudi Arabian educational buildings increased glare complaints by 64% despite providing higher overallilluminance. This supports our statement that overly bright or poorly positioned lighting can lead to discomfort despite increased light levels.