# A Hyperledger Fabric-Based System Framework for Healthcare Data Management
## 1 Introduction  
The digitization of medical records nowadays has led to increased concerns regarding privacy and security of healthcare information. In Australia, the government and medical institutions have gradually established E-health services and national electronic health records over the past two decades. In 2012, the national electronic medical records platform Personally Controlled Electronic Health Record (PCEHR) was launched. It was renamed _My Health Record_ in 2016 [1]. As of October 2021, more than 91% of residents in Australia have a _My Health Record_. More than 99% of pharmacies, 99% of general practitioners, and 97% of public hospitals have registered on this digital medical platform. 4.93 billion documents have been uploaded by healthcare providers and consumers [2]. Australia has become a leader in the fields of medical information transmission and electronic medical record creation. Although the healthcare information platform has been established, nearly 10% of Australians have opted out due to privacy concerns [2]. Indeed, in terms of privacy-preservation, many features of this platform still need to be improved, such as preventing data loss, unauthorized access, and leakage of personal privacy. In addition, it is crucial for patient's peace of mind if transparent data accessing and sharing records are easily available. In terms of data processing, the storage, verification, synchronization, and sharing of medical records have always been challenges that are difficult to address [3]. When healthcare providers and researchers need to access and share healthcare data, they are under strict policy and technological constraints, which means a substantial amount of time and resources must be spent on conducting permission review and data verification. In most cases, the databases of each hospital are independently managed; each platform has its own set of standards and there is a lack of motivation and incentive for sharing data between different healthcare organizations [4]. These problems have hindered health information sharing which subsequently affects the provision of more cost-effective healthcare services and data-driven solutions on a large scale. With the recent rapid development of blockchain technology, a large amount of effort has been invested in exploring its applications in various industries. In healthcare, for example, it is proposed that records such as diagnosis, prescriptions, and payments can be stored on the blockchain, as well as all informed parties. The technology can also be used to trace medical supply and drug information for better safety control [5]. An important application of blockchain technology in the health information field is to allow the preservation and sharing of medical information while enabling interoperability [6]. It has been proposed that the anonymity mechanism of the blockchain can be used to protect patient identity information [7,8]. The introduction of smart contracts and blockchain business frameworks has also improved the feasibility of applications [7]. The main contribution of this paper is that we propose a healthcare data management framework and mechanism that is based in a Hyperledger Fabric blockchain environment. With the support of smart contracts, the improved model has the potential to overcome privacy concerns as well as increase user engagement. Several simulation models were designed for evaluating the feasibility of the proposed framework. Together they demonstrate the scenarios and advantages of using blockchain technology for healthcare data sharing. The rest of this paper is structured as follows. Section 2 presents a literature review on privacy concerns in the healthcare domain followed by a brief overview of the blockchain technology. Section 3 introduces existing frameworks followed by gap analysis. The system design and implementation of the proposed solution are shown in Section 4. In Section 5, we analyzed the system feasibility and discuss the advantages and limitations of the proposed solution.