## 4 Methods
### Sensor Data Collected Using MAISON  
The MAISON system [29] consists of four main components: (1) a smartphone application, (2) a smartwatch application, (3) wearable and non-wearable sensors along with a provision to collect data directly from the device or their associated clouds, and (4) a central cloud for data storage. These components can be seen in Figure 1. In this study, the MAISON was utilized to collect multimodal sensor data from eight participants (\(N=8\)). More specifically, MAISON [29] consists of four smart devices including an Android smartphone with a MAISON app, a smartwatch with a MAISON app, a motion sensor, and a sleep-tracking mattress sensor. The Android smartwatch is worn by the participant throughout the day, and they take the smartphone with them when they leave their homes to collect GPS data. The sleep-tracking mattress sensor is positioned under the mattress where the participant sleeps. During our intake survey, we identified where the participant generally sleeps on their bed and placed the mattress sensor underneath. The motion sensor was put in the living room to capture patterns of motion throughout the day. For participants who had pets, we strategically placed sensors to minimize interference from pets. For instance, motion sensors were positioned at heights and locations less likely to capture pet movements and the participants' pets did not sleep with them on the bed.  
MAISON's sensors collect the following data: raw acceleration, heart rate, number of steps, GPS, walking speed, sleep related metrics, and indoor motion. Table 2 summarizes the types of data collected from each smart device.  
The smartphone application collects GPS data at a frequency of 0.033 Hz (one observation in 30 s). The smartwatch application collects heart rate, step count, and raw  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c l} \hline \hline
**Device** & **Data** \\ \hline Smartphone & GPS \\ Smart Watch & Raw Acceleration \\  & Heart rate \\  & Step count \\ Motion Sensor & Frequency of motion \\ Sleep Sensor & Sleep metrics (i.e., sleep duration, wake up count, heart rate during sleep, etc.) \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}
Table 2: Summary of devices and data modalities collected from each.  
acceleration data while it is worn by the patient. The accelerometer data on the watch are collected at a frequency of 1 Hz, and the heart rate data are collected every 30 min for 30 s. The motion sensors collect the frequency and pattern of indoor movement in the living room, and lastly, the Withings sleep-tracking mattress sensor [39] collects sleep-related metrics. Several papers have reported scientific evaluations of the Withings sleep sensor. [PERSON] et al. [40] reported that total sleep time was accurately estimated by the Withings sleep sensor within clinically acceptable ranges. Another study by [PERSON] et al. [41] found a strong correlation between the total sleep time and Polysonomography (PSG) for the Withings sleep sensor. The sampling frequency for each of the devices was chosen based on the literature, feedback from clinicians, and convenience for the participant as considerations about data collection and battery life. For example, clinicians were consulted regarding the frequency and duration of the collection of heart rate data, and the frequency of acceleration data were based on the available literature. Among the different data modalities collected by MAISON, one modality is available on a per-day basis (e.g., sleep metrics), three are event based (e.g., indoor motion, GPS, number of steps), and two are collected on a continuous basis (e.g., raw acceleration, heart rate).