## 5 Ethical Considerations
### Data Privacy and Security Issues  
The DEM data used in this study are classified as restricted information under domestic security regulations, requiring strict management, particularly regarding Z-values derived from DEM data due to national security and privacy concerns.  
To ensure compliance with legal and ethical standards, the following security measures were implemented:  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c} \hline
**No** & **Name** & **Description** & **Year of Production** & **Source** \\ \hline
1 & National Grid System & Square grid with assigned & 2024 & Address Information \\  & & national point numbers & & Portal \\  & & Map containing only & & \\
2 & Continuous Numerical & geometric information, & 2024 & National Spatial \\  & Map & replacing attribute data & & Information Platform \\  & & with text and symbols & & \\
3 & DEM (Digital Elevation & Numerical elevation & 2022 & - \\  & Model) & model & & \\
4 & Orthoimages & Orthorectified aerial & 2023 & - \\
5 & Background Map & 2D map API & Updated monthly & V-World \\  & & Integrated dataset & & \\  & & combining spatial & & \\
6 & Building Integrated & building information from & - & - \\  & Information (Master) & continuous numerical & & \\  & & maps and the building & & \\  & & administration system & & \\ \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}
Table 25: Data Sources Used.  
* Restricted Use of Non-Public Data: this study exclusively utilized open-access DEM data, avoiding the use of high-precision DEM datasets that are legally restricted for public disclosure under domestic regulations.
* Accuracy Adjustment and Height Interpolation: To prevent the exposure of sensitive terrain details, the dataset's resolution was adjusted to an appropriate level. Additionally, interpolation techniques were applied to derive approximate height values rather than directly using precise elevation data for specific buildings.
* Impact of DEM Resolution on Accuracy and Model Fidelity: The resolution adjustment of DEM data directly affects the accuracy of elevation modeling and spatial representation. In applications requiring high-precision terrain modeling, such as disaster management and infrastructure planning, reduced DEM resolution may lead to errors in slope estimation and height calculations, which can impact decision making. To mitigate such effects, this study conducted an error analysis comparing different resolution levels and selected an optimized resolution that balances privacy protection and modeling accuracy. The findings indicate that, while lower-resolution DEMs introduce some generalization errors, they remain within acceptable tolerance limits for most urban modeling applications.
* Compliance with Security Policies: All spatial data used in this study adhered to the National Geographic Information Institute (NGII) data provision guidelines. The resulting datasets and research outputs were securely stored and processed on private servers, ensuring compliance with data protection policies.  
By implementing these ethical and security considerations, this study maintains data reliability and fairness while preventing potential legal and societal issues related to spatial data usage. Additionally, the effects of DEM resolution adjustments on elevation accuracy have been analyzed to ensure that privacy measures do not critically compromise the usability of the data in precision-dependent applications.