## 1 Introduction  
In recent years, prefabricated buildings have rapidly developed due to their low cost [1], high industrialization [2], and environment-friendly [3] characteristics, which are contrary to the traditional cast-in-situ constructions' inefficiency and waste of resources [4]. Moreover, research demonstrates the energy-saving potential of prefabrication based on life cycle analysis and thermal performance evaluation [5]. For instance, research proposes a method to design energy-efficient precast wall that can reach a high level of thermal behavior and indoor comfort in cold climate [6]. In the construction field, prefabrication is regarded as the first level of industrialization [7]. However, the level of informatization of prefabricated buildings' construction management does not match the level of industrialization of their production. Simultaneously, BIM (Building Information Modeling) [8] technology gains significant development in construction management, and it is regarded as the solution of prefabricated buildings' construction management. Since many different disciplines, participants, and BIM software are involved in prefabricated buildings' construction management [9], managers have to work with different types of file formats, which leads to difficulty in data sharing. Research shows that information sharing among all participants and processes is the most critical factor required to manage prefabricated construction [10]. In general, the issues related to data sharing in BIM projects are mostly solved with a standardized file exchange format, i.e., Industry Foundation Classes (IFC). As the primary data standard of BIM, the IFC standard published by buildingSMART plays a significant role in sharing data [11]. The latest official version of the IFC standard is IFC4 ADD2 TC1(ISO 16739-1:2018) [12], which is used in this paper. Although the IFC standard is widely applied in various scenarios, obvious shortcomings in the field of construction management's interoperability and schedule analysis still exist. Firstly, there is no extension of prefabricated buildings' construction management in the current IFC schema, making it challenging to share completed construction management information [13]. Secondly, IFC files are hard to timely modify, update, and interoperate [14]. Thirdly, most data mining techniques lack the capability to handle IFC directly [15]. Finally, the applications to show a dynamic 4D presentation and visualize the extended schedule analysis information of IFC-based information model are not available. In conclusion, an integrally efficient framework that can help to store, update, analyze and visualize construction management information is essential for prefabricated buildings. Therefore, this paper intends to promote prefabricated buildings' management by developing an IFC-based framework consisting of three parts. Firstly, this framework proposes a mechanism to establish an IFC-based 4D construction management information model of prefabricated buildings with the extension of the construction schedule analysis information, which includes schedule network analysis information and delay analysis information. Furthermore, a non-relational database--graph database--is introduced to twin a task-centered network of the IFC-based 4D information model to realize the interoperation of construction information among different participants. The last part of this framework is graph database-based strategies to update data, analyze the construction schedule and visualize the 4D information model. The content of this paper is organized as follows. In Section 2, a concise literature review summarizes the 4D BIM technology, delay analysis, and IFC extension in state of the art. Section 3 is the introduction to the proposed framework of prefabricated buildings' construction management.