# The Evolutionary Traits of Carbon Emissions from the Planting Industry in Beijing, China
## 1 Introduction  
Reducing greenhouse gas emissions and enhancing the carbon sequestration capacity of ecosystems are effective measures to mitigate climate change. In response to climate change, China has made a solemn commitment to \"peak carbon emissions before 2030 and achieve carbon neutrality before 2060\", starting a green revolution under the new development concept. Agriculture is not only one of the main sources of greenhouse gas emissions, but also plays a key role as a carbon sink. Due to reasons such as the low level of agricultural production technology, outdated equipment, and low energy efficiency, agriculture has also become the main source of greenhouse gases. According to the data of the Third Biennial Update Report on Climate Change of the People's Republic of China, greenhouse gas emissions from agricultural activities in China accounted for 6.1% of the country's total emissions in 2018, of which CH\({}_{4}\) and N\({}_{2}\)O emissions from agricultural sources accounted for 37.22% and 49.16% of the country's total emissions, respectively [1]. In recent years, the foreign research related to agricultural carbon has mainly focused on aspects such as the sources [2;3], model-based estimations [4], influencing factors [5], reduction measures [6;7], as well as the related management and policy research [8; 9; 10]. Scholars in China conducted a spatiotemporal analysis of agricultural carbon emissions at different scales in Hebei Province, the Yangtze River Delta, the Yellow River Basin, and China, and studied the driving factors of agricultural carbon emissions [11; 12; 13; 14]. Some researchers further explored the relationship between agricultural carbon emissions and economic growth, agricultural technological progress, and agricultural mechanization in China or Liaoning Province [15; 16; 17; 18]. Other experts have studied the carbon emissions efficiency of agriculture in Hebei Province, or the production efficiency of Chinese soybeans, or the greenhouse gas emissions characteristics of a certain crop [19; 20; 21]. The research scope continues to expand and the research perspective is broader. Beijing, the capital of China, is located in the north of the China Plain. As a pioneer area for the high-quality development of agriculture in China, there is still a great potential for carbon emissions reduction. In the previous research, it was found that although the total amount of inputs, such as chemical fertilizer, pesticides, and agricultural film used in planting production in Beijing, showed a downward trend in recent years, the input intensity per unit area remained at a high level and showed an upward trend, and the phenomenon of unreasonable use was still relatively common. The data show that in 2023 (Table 1), the amount of chemical fertilizer, pesticides, and agricultural plastic films applied per unit sown area was 421.38, 13.21, and 44.03 kg/hm\({}^{2}\), which was higher than the national average of 292.60, 6.73, and 14.08 kg/hm\({}^{2}\)[22]. At the same time, it is found that there is still a shortage in the resource utilization of agricultural waste in Beijing, especially crop straw, tail vegetables, livestock, and poultry manure. A large amount of agrochemical inputs and the accumulation of organic wastes have imposed a heavy environmental burden, posing a serious threat to soil [23; 24], water [25; 26; 27], and atmospheric environments [28], exacerbating the risk of carbon emissions, and further affecting the quality of agricultural products and even human health [29; 30]. Under the guidance of the \"double carbon\" goal, in recent years, Beijing has advocated the development of low-carbon agriculture and taken the path of green agricultural development. The planting industry is an important component of agriculture in Beijing, including grain crops (wheat, corn, rice, and potatoes), vegetables (tomatoes, cucumbers, cabbage, eggplant, scaltions, cabbage, leafy vegetables, etc. ), and fruit trees (peaches, apri-cots, pears, etc.).