# Industrial IoT Monitoring: Technologies and Architecture Proposal
## 2 Technologies for Industrial IoT
### IWSN Standards
In fact, this standard implements two types of routing: one at the DL layer, which handles all the IEEE 802.15.4 traffic, and another one at the Network (NWK) layer, responsible for handling the IPv6 backbone traffic, as we will see below. At the NWK layer, the choice of supported functionality and routing protocols is often influenced by the network architectures [18]. For instance, ZigBee offers the possibility of having star, tree, and mesh topologies, and defines several field devices: coordinator, routers, and end-devices. Tree routing and Z-AODV protocols are used when the network operates in tree or mesh topology, respectively. Despite the fact that mesh networks can be considered more reliable, in ZigBee, the utilization of this topology is not suitable for industrial applications, due to the overhead and \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Layer** & **ZigBee** & **WirelessHART** & **ISA100.11a** & **WIA-PA** \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{APP} & Object-oriented; & Command-oriented; & Object-oriented; & Object-oriented; \\  & Profile Defined Protocol & HART protocol & Native Protocol; & Profibus/FF/HART Protocol; \\  & & & HART protocol & Multi-oriented field bus protocols & Virtual Device \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{APS} & Discovery of New Device; & & & \\  & Binding; & - & & Snate Tunnelling & Data Communication \\  & Fragmentation/Kassembly & & & \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{TP} & \multirow{2}{*}{-} & Block Data Transfer; & & \\  & & Reliable Stream Transport; & & Connectionless Services & - \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{NWK} & The Routing/AODV Routing & & Addressing (#LowPAN); & Addressing; \\  & Address Assignment; & & Routing Address Translation; & Static Routing; \\  & Network joining/Disjoining & Graph/Source/Superframe Routing & & Fragmentation/Kassembly \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{DL} & \multirow{2}{*}{-} & Stot Thing Communication; & Graph/Source/Superframe Routing & \multirow{2}{*}{Frequency Hopping; \\  & & Time Synded TDMA/CSMA; & & \\  & Channel Hopping & Transaction; Time Synched TDMA/CSMA; & & Aggregation and Disaggregation; \\  & & Channel Hopping & & Time Synchronization \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{MAC} & IEEE 802.15.4 & IEEE 802.15.4 & IEEE 802.15.4 & IEEE 802.15.4 \\  & Mac Layer & & Mac Layer & Mac Layer & Mac Layer \\  & & (partially implemented) & & Mac Layer \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{PHY} & IEEE 802.15.4 PHY & IEEE 802.15.4 PHY & IEEE 802.15.4 PHY & IEEE 802.15.4 PHY \\  & 868 M/915 M/2.4 GHz Radio & 2.4 GHz Radio & 2.4 GHz Radio & 2.4 GHz Radio \\  & Data rate: 20 Kb/.40 Kb/.5 20 Kb/.s & Data rate 20 Kb/.s & Data rate 200 Kb/.s & Data rate 200 Kb/.s \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 1: Summary of main features, adapted from [9] and [18]. non-deterministic latency of on-demand protocols like Z-AODV [9]. In the case of WirelessHART, the basic network devices are: field devices, gateway, access points, and network and security manager. Typically, WirelessHART gateways support the role of security and network manager, and access point [35]. WirelessHART networks may operate in star or mesh topologies. However, the mesh topology is the most used one, due to its flexibility, inherent fault-tolerance, and ease of deployment and configuration. With this topology, routing can be done by using graph routing or source routing. When graph routing is used, the network manager needs to compute all graphs in the network and share them with sensor nodes. All communications using graph routing always consider two different paths to ensure reliability. In contrast, when source routing is used, network packets are forward between intermediate devices without the need for prior route information (the path of the packet is specified in the packet itself) [3]. Differently from the other standards, ISA100.11a specifies two types of networks: IEEE 802.15.4 (i.e., WSN) network, and backbone network. In the WSN network, ISA100.11a defines three device types: routing devices, field devices, and handheld devices.