## 3 Simulation Results  
To assess the performance and efficacy of the proposed hybrid DC-DC converter, comprehensive simulations and experiments were conducted. The hybrid converter, composed \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c} \hline \multicolumn{2}{c}{**The Selected Parameters**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**The Calculated Parameters Based on [31; 32]**} \\ \hline
**Parameter** & **Value** & **Parameter** & **Value** \\ \hline \(P_{in}/P_{o}\) & 25 kW & \(I_{o3}\) & 137 A \\ \(V_{in-RMS}\) & 220 V & \(I_{L1}\) & 240 A \\ \(V_{o1}\) & 100 V & \(I_{L2}\) & 240 A \\ \(V_{o2}\) & \(-100\) V & \(I_{Lin}\) & 480 A \\ \(V_{o3}\) & 200 V & \(R_{01}\) & 1 \(\Omega\) \\ \(\Delta I_{Lin}\) & 2 A & \(R_{02}\) & 1 \(\Omega\) \\ \(\Delta I_{L1}\) & 1 A & \(R_{03}\) & 1.5 \(\Omega\) \\ \(\Delta I_{L2}\) & 2 A & \(I_{Lin}\) & 7.5 mH \\ \(\Delta V_{Cp1}\) & \textless{}10 V & \(L_{1}\) & 3 mH \\ \(\Delta V_{Cp2}\) & \textless{}10 V & \(L_{2}\) & 3 mH \\ _Duty Cycle (D)_ & 50\% & \(C_{p1}\) & 200 μF \\ \(f_{s}\) & 20 kHz & \(C_{p2}\) & 200 μF \\  & & \(C_{o1}\) & 1.2 mF \\  & & \(C_{o2}\) & 1.2 mF \\ \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 2: Selected parameters of the design. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c} \hline \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Losses Type**} & **Equation** & **Conditions** \\ \hline \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Losses of Figure 3**} \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{Conduction Loss} & In M & \(P_{con-M}=\frac{R_{an-M}V_{in}^{2}}{3 DR_{i}^{2}}\) & \(R_{on}\): MOSFET m on-state resistance \\  & In \(D_{o1}\) or \(D_{o2}\) & \(P_{con-Df}=\frac{V_{o1}V_{o2}^{2}}{4V_{o}R_{o}}\) & \(V_{f}\): Diode forward voltage \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{Switching Loss} & In M & \(P_{\text{sw-M}}=0.5f_{s}C_{\text{oss}}(0.5V_{in}+V_{o3})^{2}\) & \(C_{08}\): Switch M output capacitance \\  & In \(D_{o1}\) or \(D_{o2}\) & \(P_{\text{sw-M}}=0.5f_{s}C_{d}(0.5V_{in}+V_{o3})^{2}\) & \(C_{d}\): Diode parasitic capacitance \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{Control Loss} & \(P_{g-M}=2Q_{M}V_{M}f_{s}\) & \(Q_{g}\): Switch gate charge \\  & & \(V_{g}\): Voltage needed to charge the gate \\ \hline \multicolumn{2}{c}{Total Loss} & \(P_{t}=P_{cond-M}+P_{cond-D1}+P_{cond-D2}+P_{sw-M}+P_{g-M}\) \\ \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 3: Calculation of loss components [36; 37]. of a single controlled switch, multiple synchronized output voltages, two diodes, three inductors, and two coupling capacitors, was implemented in MATLAB/SIMULINK R2020a. The simulations were carried out using parameters set at 25 kW, 200 V, and 130 A to represent real-world operating conditions. The simulation results demonstrated the significant improvement in voltage gain achieved by the novel hybrid converter as compared to conventional Zeta and Mahafzah topologies. The increased voltage gain was achieved at a lower duty cycle, effectively reducing the voltage stress across the output diodes and semiconductor switch. Consequently, the conduction losses were minimized, leading to higher overall efficiency and improved converter performance. The hybrid converter's operating concept and duty cycle calculations were thoroughly discussed, providing valuable insights into its behavior and control strategies. To showcase the versatility and applicability of the proposed hybrid converter, it was evaluated in two distinct applications:  
1. Application in Renewable Energy Systems: The hybrid converter was employed as a DC-DC converter in a renewable energy system. The results demonstrated its ability to efficiently convert and manage energy flows from renewable sources, making it a promising solution for sustainable energy applications. 2. Application as an Electric Vehicle Adapter (AC-DC Converter): The hybrid converter was tested as an AC-DC converter for electric vehicles. The simulation outcomes illustrated its capability to deliver reliable and regulated power supply to electric vehicles, highlighting its potential in the transportation sector.