## 4 Conclusions
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{l c c c} \hline \hline  & **Abunara** & **Calatina** & **Nocellara** \\ \hline
1-Hexanol & \(1948\pm 4.0\) a & \(482\pm 6.0\) c & \(652\pm 0.1\) b \\ (E)-2-Hexen-1-ol & \(523\pm 2.0\) b & \(915\pm 23\) a & \(318\pm 2.0\) c \\ (Z)-3-Hexen-1-ol & \(4955\pm 1.0\) a & \(1694\pm 3.0\) b & \(1697\pm 16\) b \\ Sum of alcohols at C5 and at C6 & \(8542\pm 10\) a & \(3875\pm 25\) b & \(3428\pm 17\) c \\ \multicolumn{3}{c}{_Esters_} \\ Ethyl acetate & \(15\pm 0.5\) b & \(19\pm 1.0\) a & \(21\pm 1.0\) a \\ Hexyl acetate & \(230\pm 8.0\) b & \(448\pm 2.0\) a & \(137\pm 4.0\) c \\ (Z)-3-Hexenyl acetate & \(1280\pm 24\) b & \(1699\pm 11\) a & \(476\pm 10\) c \\ Sum of esters at C6 & \(1510\pm 25\) b & \(2148\pm 11\) a & \(613\pm 11\) c \\ \multicolumn{3}{c}{_Ketenes_} \\
3-Pentanone & \(991\pm 4.0\) a & \(458\pm 1.0\) c & \(584\pm 3.0\) b \\
1-Penten-3-one & \(245\pm 17\) a & \(145\pm 11\) b & \(264\pm 4.0\) a \\
6-Methyl-5-hepten-2-one & \(11\pm 0.1\) b & \(19\pm 0.3\) a & \(19\pm 0.2\) a \\ Sum of ketones at C5 and at C8 & \(1246\pm 17\) a & \(621\pm 11\) c & \(868\pm 5.0\) b \\ \hline \hline \multicolumn{3}{c}{_2021_} \\ \hline \hline  & \multicolumn{2}{c}{_Aldehydes_} \\ Pentanal & \(27\pm 2.0\) b & \(30\pm 3.0\) b & \(51\pm 3.0\) a \\ (E)-2-Pentenal & \(66\pm 2.0\) a & \(31\pm 0.1\) b & \(35\pm 2.0\) b \\ Hexanal & \(2253\pm 72\) a & \(381\pm 11\) c & \(635\pm 7.0\) b \\ (E)-2-Hexenal & \(6366\pm 49\) a & \(5029\pm 22\) b & \(4154\pm 78\) c \\ (E,E)-2-4-Hexadiene & \(471\pm 18\) a & \(182\pm 5.0\) b & \(152\pm 2.0\) b \\ Sum of the aldehydes at C5 and at C6 & \(9183\pm 89\) a & \(5653\pm 25\) b & \(5027\pm 78\) c \\ \multicolumn{3}{c}{_Alcohols_} \\
1-Pentanol & \(26\pm 2.0\) b & \(106\pm 2.0\) a & \(108\pm 1.0\) a \\
1-Penten-3-ol & \(346\pm 3.0\) b & \(332\pm 2.0\) b & \(441\pm 2.0\) a \\ (E)-2-Penten-1-ol & \(40\pm 1.0\) b & \(45\pm 1.0\) b & \(63\pm 2.0\) a \\ (Z)-2-Penten-1-ol & \(348\pm 2.0\) b & \(450\pm 4.0\) a & \(444\pm 15\) a \\
1-Hexanol & \(730\pm 5.0\) c & \(1301\pm 12\) a & \(1168\pm 20\) b \\ (E)-2-Hexen-1-ol & \(493\pm 7.0\) b & \(599\pm 4.0\) b & \(1264\pm 47\) a \\ (Z)-3-Hexen-1-ol & \(3555\pm 93\) b & \(6016\pm 105\) a & \(5484\pm 124\) a \\ Sum of alcohols at C5 and at C6 & \(5538\pm 98\) b & \(8849\pm 106\) a & \(8936\pm 152\) a \\ \multicolumn{3}{c}{_Esters_} \\ Ethyl acetate & \(11\pm 1.0\) b & \(37\pm 2.0\) a & \(16\pm 2.0\) b \\ Hexyl acetate & \(168\pm 8.0\) a & \(114\pm 3.0\) b & \(121\pm 5.0\) b \\ (Z)-3-Hexenyl acetate & \(603\pm 7.0\) a & \(406\pm 8.0\) b & \(394\pm 4.0\) b \\ Sum of esters at C6 & \(771\pm 11\) a & \(520\pm 9.0\) b & \(515\pm 7.0\) b \\ \multicolumn{3}{c}{_Ketenes_} \\
3-Pentanone & \(245\pm 8.0\) b & \(639\pm 14\) a & \(588\pm 23\) a \\
1-Penten-3-one & \(358\pm 14\) a & \(70\pm 5.0\) b & \(42\pm 3.0\) b \\
6-Methyl-5-hepten-2-one & \(13\pm 2.0\) a & \(10\pm 1.0\) a & \(13\pm 0.4\) a \\ Sum of ketones at C5 and at C8 & \(616\pm 16\) b & \(719\pm 15\) a & \(643\pm 23\) ab \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular} \({}^{a}\) For each parameter and year, different letters denote statistically significant differences among cultivars according to [PERSON]’s multiple comparison test (\(p<0.05\)).  
\end{table} 
Table 5: _Cont._other important characteristics because these allow a better and easier mechanization of some management practices, such as harvesting and pruning, ensuring shorter times and considerable economic savings. Among minor cultivars, we can find genotypes that respond better than widely grown cultivars to the specific requirements of the pedestrian olive orchards. This provides the required flexibility for developing resilient and sustainable olive-growing systems suitable for different environmental conditions or rapidly changing climates. Their different planting densities and tree forms adapt to various types of mechanical harvest and pruning and can ultimately lead to the production of new flavorful, tasty, and healthy olive oils.