# System for Indoor Comfort and Health Monitoring Tested in Office Building Environment
## 1 Introduction
Most of the recent research has aimed at studying and analysing energy consumption and comfort parameters for a residential block or district [11; 12; 13]. The monitoring and control of such areas pose complex challenges, involving not only communication between different sensors and between sensor subsystems but also communication with the network. Addressing the issues of sustainability, energy security and access to electricity supply at the decentralized level was also facilitated by the integration of renewable energy sources in buildings. In this regard, building-integrated photovoltaic panels (BIPVs) [8], solar thermal facades (STFs) and energy storage systems are noteworthy. Also, a series of directives that facilitate the integration of renewable energy sources in buildings have been adopted by the European Union [14; 15]. The existence of different sensor types, smart electronic and household appliances and the IoT has facilitated the undertaking of numerous studies aiming at comfort monitoring. Aspects regarding the consumption curve and user comfort are carried out either by nature-inspired algorithms [16] or on the basis of a harmonic model [17]. Some studies have investigated user behaviour in order to create patterns that allow the development or improvement of monitoring solutions. To study the interaction of the user with the environment, in the research carried out by [PERSON] et al. [10], several sensors were used--motion sensors (on some household appliances, to detect, for example, when the refrigerator door is opened), pressure sensors (on the bed, sofa), light, temperature, humidity and smart sockets. Some research [8] analysed the hardware and software architectures of different monitoring and forecasting systems for residential clusters. The concept of IoT and smart systems for the management and monitoring of health and comfort parameters is also addressed by numerous works in the healthcare field. For example, in a review by [PERSON] et al. [18], a series of research studies that investigated how to communicate, connect and control different devices that can improve the health and comfort of patients, doctors, caregivers, etc., are analysed. Among the devices to be monitored and controlled in real time are healthcare and therapeutic gadgets, well-being-checking devices and external or internal gadgets that monitor electrical, thermal, chemical and other parameters related to the patient body. These data enable better information and emergency management of the patient and medical system. The security issue of monitoring and control systems is also of great importance. Some of the reported studies in the literature have already approached this subject [19; 20; 21; 22], highlighting both the possible vulnerability of cloud-stored data and the user's lack of expertise. Moreover, many articles report the development and application of wireless sensor instrumentation solutions in order to register and analyse as much data as possible. These solutions are widely used to monitor indoor environmental quality in public and residential buildings [23; 24; 25]. Some studies envisaged user-friendly interfaces that provide concise visualization and interpretation of the registered comfort data through wireless sensor networks (WSNs) [24]. Others [26] focused on designing autonomous sensor nodes that register data and take further automatic decisions and actions. [PERSON] et al. [24] used a wireless sensor network to monitor the air quality inside three newly retrofitted collective residential buildings (apartments and common areas) from June to December, 2021. It was found that CO\({}_{2}\) values ranged from 400 to 3000 ppm. The WSN system helped in checking the normal operation of the ventilation system to ensure adequate air quality in apartments and to detect certain deficiencies. The current research explores the concept of energy-efficient buildings and how integrating an IoT monitoring system can contribute to improvements in the overall comfort and health of occupants.