## 3 Results  
### The Enzyme Activity in Different Soil Horizons and Microsites  
The natural wetland was highly acidic, with pH ranging from 4.2-4.9 and minimal differences between soil horizons (Table 1). The drained wetland was also acidic, with pH ranging from 4.0-5.6 and differences between soil horizons primarily driven by higher pH in Oi and B horizons (Table 1). The Oi and B horizon pH were higher in the drained wetland compared to the natural wetland. In the natural wetland, soil water content was higher in all soil horizons compared to the drained wetland (Table 1). Not surprisingly, hollows in the natural wetland had higher water content in the Oi and Oe horizon compared to that of the hummocks (Table 1). Site and soil horizon effects were the most important factors influencing enzyme activity regardless of how the data were normalized, while microsite had little to no effect (Tables 2-4). Decreases in enzyme activity with soil depth were most pronounced for those normalized by soil weight (Figure 1), with the highest rates found at the surface in Oi and Oe soil. Data normalized by SOC (Figure 2) and MBC (Figure 3) exhibited more similar depth patterns than those normalized by soil weight (Figure 1). For enzyme rates normalized by SOC (Figure 2) and MBC (Figure 3), the highest rates were typically found in the Oi horizon or in the B mineral horizon where XYL, POX, and PER enzyme rates were similar to or higher than those measured in the Oi (Figures 2 and 3). \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c c} \hline \hline  & \multicolumn{4}{c}{pH} & \multicolumn{4}{c}{Soil Water Content (\%)} \\ \hline
**Horizon** & **Natural Weland** & \multicolumn{4}{c}{**Drained Weland**} & \multicolumn{4}{c}{**Natural Weltand**} & \multicolumn{4}{c}{**Drained Weltand**} \\ \hline  & **Hummock** & **Hollow** & **Bed** & **Interbed** & **Hummock** & **Hollow**  
Figure 1: Enzyme activity rates calculated per unit mass of dry soil (\(\mu\)mol g soil\({}^{-1}\) h\({}^{-1}\)) in soils collected from different soil horizons within a natural and managed freshwater forested wetland. Activity of seven enzymes were measured: (**A**) \(\alpha\)-glucosidase (AG), (**B**) \(\beta\)-glucosidase (BG), (**C**) cellobiohydrolase (CBH), (**D**) xylosidase (XYL), (**E**) phenol oxidase (POX), (**F**) peroxidase (PER) and (**G**) N-acetyl glucosamide (NAG). Values are means with standard error (\(n=5\)) and averaged across microstite, depicting the site by horizon interaction found for most enzymes assayed. Lowercase letters represent significant differences (\(p<0.05\)) between each site and horizon when a significant site by soil horizon interaction was found. Uppercase letters represent significant differences between soil horizons when a soil horizon main effect only was found. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Source** & **AG** & **BG** & **CBH** & **XYL** & **FOX** & **PER** & **NAG** \\ \hline Site & 2.8 & 0.0 & 2.8 & 0.7 & 0.5 & 6.2 ** & 15.2 ** \\ Microsite & 1.0 & 0.0 & 0.9 & 0.2 & 0.0 & 0.5 & 0.1 \\ Horizon & 11.2 ** & 54.8 ** & 71.4 ** & 3.0 * & 4.3 ** & 32.0 ** & 23.3 ** \\ Site * Microsite & 1.2 & 0.1 & 0.5 & 0.9 & 0.0 & 0.8 & 1.7 \\ Site * Horizon & 10.3 ** & 5.0* & 4.2 ** & 4.4 ** & 3.5 ** & **11.5 ** & 4.5 ** \\ Microssite * Horizon & 1.7 & 1.2 & 0.9 & 1.6 & 0.9 & 2.9 * & 0.9 \\ Site * Microsite * Horizon & 0.7 & 0.4 & 1.3 & 0.2 & 0.4 & 1.5 & 0.8 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}  
* \(p<0.05\), ** \(p<0.01\), *** \(p<0.001\). Activity of seven enzymes were measured: \(\alpha\)-glucosidase (AG), \(\beta\)-glucosidase (BG), cellobiohydrolase (CBH), xylosidase (XYL), phenol oxidase (POX), peroxidase (PER) and N-acetyl glucosamide (NAG).  
\end{table} 
Table 4: Results (F-values and significance) of three-way ANOVA testing effects of site (natural vs. drained wetland), microstite (high vs. low from each site), and soil horizon on extracellular enzyme activity per unit mass of MBC (\(\mu\)mol g MBC\({}^{-1}\) h\({}^{-1}\)) measured in soils from organic and mineral soil horizons.