# OTSU Multi-Threshold Image Segmentation Based on Improved Particle Swarm Algorithm
## 5 Experimental Analysis
### Segmentation Experiment and Results

Table 5: Comparison of FSIM in images a–f. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Metric Name** & **Image** & **k** & **WOA** & **BOA** & **PSO** & **OURS** \\ \hline \multirow{8}{*}{Image7(001236)} & 2 & 13.8293 & 14.5503 & 15.7167 & **15.7977** \\ \cline{2-6}  & 4 & 14.1970 & 14.6582 & 15.6621 & **15.6767** \\ \cline{2-6}  & 6 & 17.4146 & 17.5859 & 18.3812 & **20.5188** \\ \cline{2-6}  & 8 & 18.2980 & 18.1377 & 19.1016 & **21.6592** \\ \cline{2-6}  & 2 & 13.4009 & 14.5790 & **14.8465** & 14.751 \\ \cline{2-6}  & 4 & 14.5690 & 15.6121 & 15.6524 & **16.4362** \\ \cline{2-6}  & 6 & 16.4996 & 16.7998 & 17.5997 & **19.7598** \\ \cline{2-6}  & 8 & 17.9384 & 18.6226 & 19.5498 & **21.5051** \\ \hline \multirow{8}{*}{PSNR} & 2 & 13.5557 & 14.4696 & 14.6034 & **14.7418** \\ \cline{2-6}  & 4 & 15.5611 & 15.1427 & **16.4127** & 16.3583 \\ \cline{2-6}  & 6 & 16.5306 & 17.3650 & 18.3565 & **19.1878** \\ \cline{2-6}  & 8 & 18.4281 & 18.5254 & 20.5951 & **22.6777** \\ \cline{2-6}  & 2 & 13.6632 & 14.3337 & 15.2033 & **15.9469** \\ \cline{2-6}  & 4 & 14.2989 & 14.6908 & **15.5551** & 15.2502 \\ \cline{2-6}  & 6 & 15.1205 & 16.5671 & 16.7517 & **17.4736** \\ \cline{2-6}  & 8 & 15.7529 & 16.7325 & 17.2486 & **18.2805** \\ \hline \multirow{8}{*}{Image11(004610)} & 2 & 14.7697 & 14.9273 & 15.6025 & **16.4122** \\ \cline{2-6}  & 4 & 14.8004 & 15.4323 & 15.8120 & **16.9533** \\ \cline{2-6}  & 6 & 16.1080 & 17.5817 & 19.8235 & **20.4539** \\ \cline{2-6}  & 8 & 18.6965 & 19.8851 & 20.8712 & **21.7442** \\ \cline{2-6}  & 2 & 11.6113 & 12.9387 & **13.8889** & 13.3067 \\ \cline{2-6}  & 4 & 12.3074 & 12.4025 & **14.6690** & 14.1064 \\ \cline{2-6}  & 6 & 15.1121 & 15.2394 & 16.3323 & **17.7174** \\ \cline{2-6}  & 8 & 16.7195 & 16.8900 & 17.9451 & **18.3580** \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 7: Comparison of PSNR in Images g–l. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Metric Name** & **Image** & **k** & **WOA** & **BOA** & **PSO** & **OURS** \\ \hline \multirow{8}{*}{Image9(001236)} & 2 & 0.5571 & 0.5861 & 0.5875 & 0.6273 \\ \cline{2-6}  & 4 & 0.6012 & 0.6302 & 0.6561 & **0.6567** \\ \cline{2-6}  & 6 & 0.6231 & 0.6519 & 0.7253 & **0.7461** \\ \cline{2-6}  & 8 & 0.6685 & 0.6918 & 0.7335 & **0.7824** \\ \cline{2-6}  & 2 & 0.4474 & 0.4610 & 0.4619 & **0.4849** \\ \cline{2-6}  & 4 & 0.4971 & 0.5300 & 0.5719 & **0.5826** \\ \cline{2-6}  & 6 & 0.5496 & 0.5826 & 0.6138 & **0.6611** \\ \cline{2-6}  & 8 & 0.6215 & 0.6291 & 0.6736 & **0.6884** \\ \hline \multirow{8}{*}{Image9(002036)} & 2 & 0.3660 & 0.3920 & 0.4136 & **0.4650** \\ \cline{2-6}  & 4 & 0.3878 & 0.4012 & 0.4896 & **0.5109** \\ \cline{2-6}  & 6 & 0.4127 & 0.4322 & 0.5483 & **0.5705** \\ \cline{2-6}  & 8 & 0.4818 & 0.4845 & 0.5912 & **0.6318** \\ \hline \multirow{8}{*}{SSIM} & 2 & 0.3309 & 0.3387 & 0.3567 & **0.3671** \\ \cline{2-6}  & 4 & 0.3726 & 0.3862 & **0.4269** & 0.4262 \\ \cline{2-6}  & 6 & 0.4245 & 0.4527 & 0.4565 & **0.5049** \\ \cline{2-6}  & 8 & 0.4708 & 0.5428 & 0.5565 & **0.5778** \\ \hline \multirow{8}{*}{Image11(004610)} & 2 & 0.6188 & 0.6238 & 0.6454 & **0.6840** \\ \cline{2-6}  & 4 & 0.6297 & 0.6632 & **0.6925** & 0.6918 \\ \cline{2-6}  & 6 & 0.7249 & 0.7650 & 0.7693 & **0.7891** \\ \cline{2-6}  & 8 & 0.7368 & 0.7728 & 0.7881 & **0.8017** \\ \hline \multirow{8}{*}{Image12(006946)} & 2 & 0.4310 & 0.4429 & 0.4523 & **0.5013** \\ \cline{2-6}  & 4 & 0.4984 & 0.5204 & 0.5363 & **0.5699** \\ \cline{2-6}  & 6 & 0.5377 & 0.6239 & 0.6737 & **0.6875** \\ \cline{2-6}  & 8 & 0.6507 & 0.6918 & 0.7303 & **0.7471** \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 8: Comparison of SSIM in Images g–l.