## 5 Conclusions  
This article presents numerical modelling of the advancing mining front at the Piasti-Ziemowit mine using Abaqus software and a custom Python script. The research aimed to determine the impact of mining operations on surface displacements and to estimate the mechanical parameters of rock layers. Numerical computation results were compared with geodetic measurements of the surface, verifying the model, and calibrating the mechanical parameters of the rock mass. The presented solution allows for the automation of the process of optimizing the parameters of the adopted geomechanical model. Determining the optimal set of parameters requires finding the minimum of the objective function defined as the RMSE error value. Iterative calculations end when the criterion of convergence of two consecutive simulations is reached. The case study of the Piasti-Ziemowit mine was characterized by the presence of a strong rock layer in the rock mass, which prevented the formation of a complete subsidence trough on the surface. Additionally, the dimensions of operation classify it as sub-critical or critical. This means that the observed reductions are smaller than those resulting from empirical formulas for hard coal exploitation. For this reason, the use of numerical modeling for impact calculations for ongoing exploitation requires taking into account changes in the geomechanical properties of the rock mass. This solution is an innovative approach and requires the development of a method for determining them. Nevertheless, the applied numerical modelling method demonstrated high accuracy in predicting surface displacements. The computational results showed good agreement with field measurements, confirming the validity of the model assumptions and the accuracy of the mechanical parameters of the rock layers. It worth to notice, that was also achieved in the case where a full subsidence trough did not form, i.e., for the LW501 panel. This article detailed the calibration process of the numerical model, including methods for error assessment and adjustment of computation results to real measurements. The custom Python script, integrated with Abaqus, enabled automated computation and efficient analysis of large datasets. This facilitated multiple computation iterations in a short time, significantly speeding up the research process. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that numerical modelling of the advancing mining front using advanced computational tools such as Abaqus and Python script is an effective method for predicting the impact of mining operations on surface displacements. Despite the specific geological conditions of the Piasti-Ziemowit mine, this method provided reliable results, confirming its utility in engineering practice. **Author Contributions:** Conceptualization, M.D. and K.T. ; methodology, M.D. and K.T. ; software, M.D. ; validation, M.D., D.M. and K.T. ; formal analysis, M.D. and D.M. ; investigation, K.T. ; resources, M.D., D.M. and K.T. ; data curation, M.D. and D.M. ; writing--original draft preparation, M.D. and D.M. ; writing--review and editing D.M., A.S. and K.T. ; visualization, M.D. and D.M. ; supervision, A.S. and K.T. ; project administration, M.D. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript. **Funding:** This research received no external funding. **Institutional Review Board Statement:** Not applicable. **Informed Consent Statement:** Not applicable. **Data Availability Statement:** The data presented in this study are available on request from the corresponding author. The data are not publicly available due to confidentiality reason. **Acknowledgments:** Part of the work in this paper was carried out in 2022 as part of the statutory work of the Strata Mechanics Research Institute of Polish Academy of Sciences in Krakow, financed by the Ministry of Education and Science.