# A Review on Standardizing Electric Vehicles Community Charging Service Operator Infrastructure
## 4 Charging Type
### Wireless Charging: Charging Type
#### 4.2.2 Categorization of Wireless Charging Based on the Wireless Charging Technologies  
This section presents the classification of wireless charging systems based on the considered wireless charging technologies, such as inductive wireless charging, capacitive wireless charging, and resonant wireless charging. Figure 7 depicts the taxonomy of wireless charging based on the technologies, which is further classified based on the manufacturers as shown in Figure 8. The wireless charging technologies are as follows: \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{p{56.9 pt} p{113.8 pt} p{113.8 pt} p{113.8 pt} p{113.8 pt}} \hline
**Wireless Charging Standard** & **Author** & **Year** & **Definition** & **Optimized Communication Parameter** & **Limitations** \\ \hline \multirow{6}{*}{Qi charging standard} & [105] & 2020 & Proposed an optimization algorithm for Qi wireless power transfer & Charging time, transmission range & No discussion on comparability and charging efficiency \\ \cline{2-5}  & [104] & 2020 & Designed a compatible wireless power transfer system for Qi charging standard & Charging distance, efficiency, power transfer & Charging time is not considered \\ \cline{2-5}  & [106] & 2021 & Investigated the defense strategies to tackle the security issues in wireless charging & Security against hijacking and eavesdropping attack & Low charging efficiency, low battery life \\ \hline \multirow{6}{*}{SAE charging standard} & [109] & 2020 & Studied an optimized LCC wireless power transfer system based on the SAE J2954 & Optimal reactance, efficiency & No consideration of charging time \\ \cline{2-5}  & [110] & 2021 & Discussed a magnetic resonance coupled wireless power transfer for Evs using SAE & Power transfer, efficiency & Needs to be validated with an experiment \\ \cline{2-5}  & [119] & 2021 & Designed a SAE J2954 and Si MOSFET-based wireless charger & Efficiency, regulated power transfer & Need to focus on fast wireless charging \\ \hline A4 WP charging standard & [113] & 2020 & Devised a 15W triple mode integrated wireless power transfer circuit using DC-DC converter & Efficiency, output power transfer & No discussion on comparability issues of charging standards \\ \hline \multirow{6}{*}{IEC charging standard} & [114] & 2020 & Carried out the thermal behavior analysis of wireless EV charging system & Misalignment conditions, temperature measured & Compatibility issues \\ \cline{2-5}  & [115] & 2020 & Performed the power loss and thermal analysis of wireless EV charging & Accuracy, temperature measured, misalignment condition & High power loss, less effort on thermal performance \\ \cline{2-5}  & [116] & 2021 & Conducted the analysis for inductive power transfer based on the IEC standards & Electromagnetic compatibility, electromagnetic interference & Need to focus on misalignment issues \\ \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 6: Comparison of wireless charging standards based on the different communication parameters. Figure 7: Taxonomy on wireless charging based on the technologies. * Inductive wireless charging In 1914, [PERSON] first designed the method of conventional inductive wireless charging to transfer power with the help of an induced electromagnetic field. It basically involves a primary coil, i.e., charging pad that creates an electromagnetic field to transfer the power wirelessly to the secondary coil present in the EV. The secondary coil helps to charge the EV by converting the induced electromagnetic field into an electric current. The University of Georgia showcased a inductive wireless EV charger of \(66\times 10^{2}\) W power which is capable of charging a battery of up to 400 V [23; 120]. Moreover, fluctuations in the power supply and lower compatibility can affect the performance of EV inductive wireless charging. To mitigate these challenges, many researchers have tried to address these research issues for efficient and regulated power transfer wireless charging. Some of the research works related to this issue are as follows: [PERSON] et al.