# Effects of Replacing Corn with Hydroponically
## 4 Discussion
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c} \hline \hline
**Months** & **CON** & **HSB (10\%)** & **HSB (30\%)** \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{13} & Activity volume (Unit) & \(6247.40\pm 376.80\)\({}^{\text{ns}}\) & \(6265.50\pm 394.40\)\({}^{\text{ns}}\) & \(6155.27\pm 347.45\)\({}^{\text{a}}\) \\ \cline{2-4}  & RT (\({}^{\circ}\)C) & \(38.55\pm 0.03\)\({}^{\text{ns}}\) & \(38.61\pm 0.05\)\({}^{\text{ns}}\) & \(38.84\pm 0.04\)\({}^{\text{ns}}\) \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{14} & Activity volume (Unit) & \(6101.91\pm 136.01\)\({}^{\text{b}}\) & \(6747.82\pm 196.86\)\({}^{\text{a}}\) & \(6232.05\pm 150.11\)\({}^{\text{a}}\) \\ \cline{2-4}  & RT (\({}^{\circ}\)C) & \(38.57\pm 0.01\)\({}^{\text{ns}}\) & \(38.55\pm 0.01\)\({}^{\text{ns}}\) & \(38.81\pm 0.01\)\({}^{\text{ns}}\) \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{15} & Activity volume (Unit) & \(6232.51\pm 191.65\)\({}^{\text{ns}}\) & \(6346.50\pm 220.05\)\({}^{\text{ns}}\) & \(5959.98\pm 182.86\)\({}^{\text{ns}}\) \\ \cline{2-4}  & RT (\({}^{\circ}\)C) & \(38.33\pm 0.03\)\({}^{\text{ns}}\) & \(38.50\pm 0.03\)\({}^{\text{ns}}\) & \(38.67\pm 0.02\)\({}^{\text{ns}}\) \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{16} & Activity volume (Unit) & \(5992.65\pm 158.90\)\({}^{\text{ns}}\) & \(6374.03\pm 160.91\)\({}^{\text{ns}}\) & \(5851.01\pm 151.09\)\({}^{\text{a}}\) \\ \cline{2-4}  & RT (\({}^{\circ}\)C) & \(38.52\pm 0.03\)\({}^{\text{c}}\) & \(38.65\pm 0.04\)\({}^{\text{b}}\) & \(38.85\pm 0.03\)\({}^{\text{a}}\) \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{17} & Activity volume (Unit) & \(5467.90\pm 169.91\)\({}^{\text{ns}}\) & \(6276.82\pm 234.85\)\({}^{\text{ns}}\) & \(5427.25\pm 155.12\)\({}^{\text{ns}}\) \\ \cline{2-4}  & RT (\({}^{\circ}\)C) & \(38.47\pm 0.03\)\({}^{\text{ns}}\) & \(38.60\pm 0.02\)\({}^{\text{ns}}\) & \(38.76\pm 0.02\)\({}^{\text{ns}}\) \\ \hline \multicolumn{4}{c}{Values are expressed as the mean \(\pm\) SEM of 10 dairy heifers in each group. \({}^{\text{a, b, c}}\) and \({}^{\text{ns}}\) denote comparisons made between columns (\(p<0.05\)).} \\ \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 2: Effects of feeding hydroponically sprouted barley on behavior activity volume and rectal temperature in Holstein heifers (n = 10). Biochemical indices are key markers of general health and vitality and may indicate the action of certain tissue, organ, and nutrient status. The increased concentration of blood glucose represented a high level of absorption of glucose due to the energy-yielding substrate and glucose consumption [21; 22]. Our study finding also showed an increased concentration of glucose at the seventeenth month for heifers fed with 30% HSB. The increased blood glucose concentration was observed after the replacement of corn with HSB. Under normal physiological circumstances, blood glucose plays a key function in energy storage in tissues, organs, and the central nervous system, and it provides a suitable physiological guide for overall energy metabolism. The replacement of corn with HSB did not alter the total protein, albumin, BUN, CK, or creatinine concentration in Holstein heifers as compared with the CON-fed heifers. BUN is an end product of protein and amino acid catabolism in the body; it is negatively associated with nitrogen deposition and protein/amino acid utilization. When amino acids are imbalanced in the body, or when there is poor utilization of protein in the body, the BUN concentration increases [23]. Blood metabolites such as total cholesterol, TG, oxalo-acetate transaminase, and pyruvate transaminase, as well as total protein and LDH concentrations can be used as predictors of fat and protein metabolism and of liver function. In this experiment, the above parameters were not significantly altered when heifers were fed the 10% and 30% HSB diet as compared with the CON diet, indicating that the replacement of corn with HSB in the diet of growing Holstein heifers did not adversely affect their carbohydrate, lipid, and protein metabolism. Despite increasing livestock production, feed management practice is considered an important factor in animal agriculture.