# RBC Storage Lesion Studies in Humans and Experimental Models of Shock
## 14 Effects of Haptoglobin Concentrate Administration
(**A**) Proportion of canines surviving after either receiving haptoglobin (dashed line) or no haptoglobin (solid line) infusion after intrabronchial _S. aureus_ challenge and subsequent RBC exchange transfusion. (**B**) Kaplan–Meier survival curves of septic animals not undergoing exchange transfusion but receiving haptoglobin (dashed line) or no haptoglobin (solid line) infusions. \(P\) values denoted by asterisks indicate a statistically significant differences between each panel group using stratified log rank tests. (**C** and **D**) Mean shock scores (+ standard error of the mean (SEM)) at different serial time points. The shock score assesses the amount of vasopressor support (norepinephrinehrine) needed to maintain a given mean arterial pressure (MAP) at the normal level in canines (80 mmHg). The shock score is compared throughout the 96 h study period in canines receiving haptoglobin infusion therapy (closed circle, solid line) and not receiving haptoglobin infusion therapy (open circle, dashed line) in the presence of (**C**) or absence of (**B**) RBC exchange transfusion. The mean baseline values for canines were used to plot a common origin from which changes from baseline were plotted for each study group. Asterisks and their associated \(p\) values indicate where there are significant changes in each group over time. Crosses and their associated \(p\) values indicate statistically significant differences between groups receiving haptoglobin infusion and those that did not receive haptoglobin infusion. (**E** and **F**) represent mean (+SEM) lung injury scores (LIS) over serial time points throughout the study. LIS is a global marker of lung damage and represents a composite of mean pulmonary artery pressure, alveolar-arterial oxygen gradient, plateau pressure, oxygen saturation, and respiratory rate. (**E**) demonstrates the LIS over time in canines undergoing exchange transfusion of RBCs receiving (open circle, dashed line) or not receiving (closed circle, solid line) haptoglobin infusions. (**F**) shows the LIS over time in animals not undergoing RBC exchange transfusion but receiving (open circle, dashed line) or not receiving (closed circle, solid line) haptoglobin infusions. Changes in the LIS from baseline are shown for each of the groups plotted from a common origin which was established from the mean value for the canines at baseline. Asterisks and their associated \(p\) value denote statistically significant changes over time. Crosses and their associated \(p\) value denote statistically significant differences between the haptoglobin and no haptoglobin group at a given time point. We were able to account for repeated measurements and the pairing of animals within each cycle based on contrasts in linear mixed models which were used to analyze all variables (except survival). From: [PERSON]; [PERSON]; [PERSON]; [PERSON]; [PERSON]; [PERSON]; [PERSON]; [PERSON]; [PERSON]; [PERSON], et al. Haptoglobin improves shock, lung injury, and survival in canine pneumonia. JCI Insight 2018, 3, doi:10.1172/jc.insight.123013.