# Analysis of Development Coordination Levels between Skywalk Systems and Urban Spatial Environments
## 1 Introduction
Taken together, this study concludes that skywalk systems play an important role in the overall development of cities, especially when they have a certain level of coherent development and promote sustainable urban development. Of all the cases analyzed, North America and Asia stand at the forefront in terms of the quantity and quality of construction. After World War II, North American cities, especially those with severe climates, used skywalk systems as a means of rejuvenating older urban areas and providing citizens with a warm, convenient walking environment [17]. Originating in the mid-twentieth century, North American skywalk systems, often characterized by enclosed glass galleries connecting high-rise buildings, established an independent pedestrian network above ground level. These systems have the advantage of enhancing pedestrian mobility and safety, improving the walking environment, and driving economic revitalization in urban centers. However, since the end of the last century, the pace of skywalk system development in North America has slowed down or even stopped, with some cities beginning to dismantle them in favor of valuing the vitality of the ground floor. Unlike North America, Asia's skywalk systems have shown new features and advantages in their development in recent years, especially in densely populated cities [18], embodying the concepts of sharing and inclusiveness [19; 20; 21]. Skywalk systems in Asia show localized characteristics, such as the Central-Mid-Levels skywalk system in Hong Kong, China, which utilizes mid-level walkways, building rooftops, and other spatial resources to form a three-dimensional shared space [22]. Similarly, the Umeda skywalk in Osaka, Japan, creates a multifunctional platform that is well articulated with its surroundings. The skywalk system is also used by different social groups for various purposes, especially during off-peak hours, such as Central's skywalk system in Hong Kong, China, serving as a social place for foreign domestic helpers or a shelter for the homeless [23; 24]. In Bandung, Indonesia, the skywalk system organizes street vendors to provide space and enhance the city's image [25]. However, skywalk systems in Asia still need to address a number of issues, including the need for more sophisticated designs interfacing with neighboring buildings and the imperative to reciprocorate completed zero-walks in the context of three-dimensional urban development [26; 27]. With the acceleration of urbanization and the growing demand for transportation, environment, and space utilization, researchers have explored the relationship between skywalk systems and the urban environment. Currently, the research mainly focuses on the following aspects. Firstly, space integration and allocation. Public transportation-oriented three-dimensional pedestrian systems are crucial for expanding the boundaries of public space, and serve as the \"glue\" that binds and integrates various urban resources, such as public space, public transportation, and public buildings [28]. Built in the 1970s, the Central District of Hong Kong, China, is a successful example of the use of this strategy in urban renewal. This privately funded, 3.6 km long covered, semi-open skywalk system, resembling a fishbone along the main road, interconnects over 30 commercial and office complexes in a 1.8 km\({}^{2}\) area, seamlessly linking Hong Kong Station and Central Station [26]. Secondly, pedestrian network stitching. The \"stitching\" effect of the skywalk system on urban road networks is mainly reflected in two aspects: first, as an instrument for downtown economic rejuvenation, as observed in cities like Minneapolis and Cincinnati in the United States, where pedestrianization development strategy serves as an important means of inner-city regeneration; second, as a remedy for the lack of vitality of the streets in historic cities such as Suzhou, China, where skywalk systems mend fragmented urban spaces [22] and restore connectivity [12; 22; 29]. Thirdly, regulation of the walking environment.