# Satellite Climate Data Records: Development, Applications, and Societal Benefits
## 3 CDR Products and Applications
### Industry and Commercial Applications  
Due to the merits of CDRs, they are widely applied in climate-related scientific research, meanwhile, CDRs, especially ICDRs and TCDRs, are also utilized by industry and commercial companies and organizations to create commercial values, in the energy, food, and transportation industries. The applications fall into several categories of social benefits that are described in Section 4.  
One example of the CDR application from the energy industry is demonstrated by 3 TIER [85], currently a subsidiary company of Vaisala, one of the world leaders in weather monitoring and measurement. 3 TIER is running an assessment service for renewable energy projects. By combining SDRs from GOES, Meteosat, GMS and MTSAT (Multi-functional Transport Satellites), 3 TIER developed a satellite derived ICDR composed of more than 15 years of hourly Global Horizontal Irradiance (GHI), Direct Normal Irradiance (DNI), and Diffuse Horizontal Irradiance (DIF) at a horizontal resolution of about 3 km covering the entire globe [86]. This ICDR is serving as the data basis for 3 TIER Solar Prospecting tool for solar power plant site selection and efficiency estimation. The solar radiation CDR (SARAH) provided by CM SAF has also been successfully applied in the estimation of solar energy yield, by adapting it into the Photovoltaic Geographical Information System (PV-GIS) and improving PV-GIS performance obviously [87].  
CDRs also play an important role in the natural gas market. During the heating season, the price of natural gas is closely related to the temperature anomaly, which is connected with Madden-Julian oscillation (MJO). The MJO, in turn, can be predicted by the SST anomaly and outgoing longwave radiation anomaly [26; 27; 29]. The derivation of SST and OLR anomaly indices depends on the corresponding CDRs.  
In the field estimating food production, CropWatch [88] is working on the long-term series of satellite vegetation observation. Normalized difference vegetation index time series are derived from CDRs of MODIS/AVHRR to estimate the crop yield, while high-resolution images from LandSat, EnviSat, and Radarsat are used to estimate the crop acreage.  
For marine fisheries, satellite CDRs including ocean color, sea surface temperature, and sea surface salinity are retrieved and archived to support not only fish searching, but also marine resources management for more sustainable use [89; 90].  
CDRs are also helping the transportation industry. High resolution land images have been adopted in network transportation analyses [91]. For marine transportation, Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) images have been used for ice navigation in the Northern Sea Route [92], while snow cover extent CDR [93] also contributes to the shipping route design in Arctic regions.  
Long-term remote sensing data records are also applied in the insurance industry for assessment of damage from fire [94; 95], flood [96], hail [97], and drought [98]. By carefully reviewing remote sensing applications for the insurance industry, [PERSON] _et al._[99] suggest remote sensing community should work more closely with insurance experts to promote more remote sensing application in insurance business.