## 4 Influence of QACs on Thermo-Mechanical Properties of Polymer Blends and Polymer Composites
### Influence of QAILs on Polymer Composites  
Table 9 displays the thermo-mechanical properties of polymer composites influenced by QAILs. QAIL like HmimPF\({}_{6}\) (chemical structure is shown in Figure 6) has been applied for compatibilization of XSBR/RBC composites [17]. The application of HmimPF\({}_{6}\) influenced the degradation temperature, glass transition temperature, tensile strength, tensile modulus, and tensile extension of the composites. The degradation temperature of the composites decreased because of the hydrolyzation of HmimPF\({}_{6}\) induced by water that is released from RBC at a temperature above 100 \({}^{\circ}\)C. This is due to HmimPF\({}_{6}\) being sensitive to hydrolyzation, especially at elevated temperature. Therefore, the polymer composites heated above 100 \({}^{\circ}\)C released water from RBC, and it hydrolyzed HmimPF\({}_{6}\). As a result, it decreased the degradation temperature of the polymer composites. However, the glass transition temperature of the composites increased by up to 3.4% compared to the neat XSBR/RBC composite. This is attributed to the mobility of XSBR macromolecular chains which was restricted with the presence of HmimPF\({}_{6}\)[17]. Moreover, the mechanical properties, such as tensile strength, tensile modulus, and tensile extension of the composites increased by up to 31%, 13%, and 7.0%, respectively, in comparison with the neat composite. This is due to the formation of interactions between XSBR matrix and RBC filler generated by HmimPF\({}_{6}\)[17]. \begin{table} \begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c c c c c c} \hline \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**Polymer Composite**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**QAILs**} & \multicolumn{8}{c}{**Thermo-Mechanical Properties *} & \multirow{2}{*}{**References**} \\ \cline{3-3} \cline{5-12}  & & \(\mathbf{T_{A}}\) & \(\mathbf{T_{B}}\) & \(\mathbf{k}\) & \(\mathbf{\mathbf{\mathbf{\mathbf{\mathbf{\mathbf{\mathbf{\mathbf{\mathbf{\mathbf{\mathbf{\mathbf{\mathbf{\mathbf{\mathbf{\mathbf{ }}}}}}}}}}}}}}}\) & & \multicolumn{1}{c}{} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{} \\ \hline XSBR/RBC & HmimPF\({}_{6}\) & \(\mathbf{\hat{0}}\) & \(\mathbf{\hat{0}}\) & - & \(\mathbf{\hat{0}}\) & \(\mathbf{\hat{0}}\) & - & - & - & [17] \\ Agarose/Tc & BmimCl & \(\mathbf{\hat{0}}\) & \(\mathbf{\hat{0}}\) & - & \(\mathbf{\hat{0}}\) & \(\mathbf{\hat{0}}\) & - & - & - & - & [19] \\ DGEBA epoxy/Chitin & EmimAc & \(\mathbf{\hat{0}}\) & \(\mathbf{\hat{0}}\) & - & \(\mathbf{\hat{0}}\) & \(\mathbf{\hat{0}}\) & - & - & - & \(\mathbf{\hat{0}}\) & [21] \\ PU/SiO\({}_{2}\) & BmimPF\({}_{6}\) & \(\mathbf{\hat{0}}\) & \(\mathbf{\hat{0}}\) & - & - & - & \(\mathbf{\hat{0}}\) & \(\mathbf{\hat{0}}\) & - & - & [23] \\ RC/MMT & BmimCl & \(\mathbf{\hat{0}}\) & - & - & \(\mathbf{\hat{0}}\) & \(\mathbf{\hat{0}}\) & - & - & - & - & [25] \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}   
\(\mathbf{T_{A}}\) = degradation temperature, \(\mathbf{T_{B}}\) = glass transition temperature, \(\mathbf{k}\) = thermal conductivity, \(\mathbf{\mathbf{\mathbf{\mathbf{\mathbf{\mathbf{\mathbf{\mathbf{\mathbf{\mathbf{\mathbf{\mathbf{\mathbf{\mathbf{\mathbf{\mathbf{\mathbf{\mathbf{\bmQAIL like BmimCl has been applied for compatibilization of Agarose/Tc composites [19], it is blended with urea to increase its efficacy. The application of BmimCl has influenced the degradation temperature, glass transition temperature, tensile strength, tensile modulus, and tensile extension of the composites (Table 9). The degradation temperature of the composites decreased because of the lower thermal resistance of urea than other composite components, which affected the degradation temperature of the overall composites. Nonetheless, the glass transition temperature of the composites increased by up to 23% in comparison with the neat Agarose/Tc composite. This is attributed to the formation of strong interactions between agarose matrix and the talc filler with the presence of BmimCl [19].