## 1 Introduction
However, a multi-hazard social vulnerability approach represents a significant aid for DRR policy as it provides insights into actions to reduce population vulnerability, improve mitigation, enhance resilience, and promote disaster risk management [11]. Over the past few years, several studies have focused on social vulnerability to multi-hazard scenarios [12; 13; 14], especially considering landslide and flood hazards [15; 16; 17; 18]. However, only a few studies have been developed in Italy, which is considered the most naturally hazardous area in Europe. In this study, we implemented a multi-hazard social vulnerability approach at the census tract level considering landslide and flood hazards in the Basilicata Region (southern Italy). We looked at the coexistence of these phenomena in a given geographic area, showing a methodological framework that can be applied to analyze multi-hazard scenarios. The main aim was the development of a cartographic methodology that provides part of the specific risk information useful to construct emergency plans at the local level by using available open data. Indeed, one of the most significant challenges that the scientific community deals with risk analysis is the method of data integration between hazard and vulnerability, as it requires different competences and various types of investigations. For this reason, we integrated two of the main components influencing a multi-risk context by constructing a social vulnerability index (SVI) and relating to with multi-hazard assessment. The present research followed a semi-quantitative and open-data-driven methodology by exploiting the use of a geographic information system (GIS). The social vulnerability assessment was based on a deductive approach [19] that is strictly correlated to a few socio-economic variables available on open platforms at the census tract level and useful to construct a composite index. The choice to work at the census tract (sub-municipality) level is an advantage in risk management strategies and emergency planning, as many studies were developed at the municipality level that were lacking in detailed socio-economic information. The cartographic outputs presented in this study offer valuable instruments for civil protection agencies, facilitating precise identification of areas with heightened vulnerability within the possible affected territories. Moreover, one of the novelties of this research is linked to the use of open national hazard data that have never been used to investigate specific multi-hazard context at the local level. The structure of the manuscript is organized as follows: Section Multi-Hazard context in the Basilicata Region presents an overview of the multi-hazard context within the Basilicata region. Section 2 delineates the analytical framework employed in this research. Section 3 is dedicated to presenting the outcomes associated with the multi-hazard assessment, the evaluation of social vulnerability, and the synthesis of hazard and vulnerability findings. Section 4 offers a critical examination of these results. The manuscript concludes with a discussion of limitations and proposes directions for future research.