## 5 Simulation Results
### Experimental Results of Phase II
In addition, when data packets forwarded by relay nodes are observed corresponding to implementation of each probability combination, marginally more forwarding traffic is found in adverse situations as regulated by the probability values to sustain the performance of the proposed strategy. Accordingly, the combination \(\{0.9,0.55\}\) for \(\{p_{on},p_{off}\}\), \(\{0.55,0.9\}\) for \(\{pr_{on},pr_{off}\}\) and \(\{0.9,0.55\}\) for \(\{lq_{on},lq_{off}\}\) having highest utility value and corresponding maximum data delivered to sink have been selected as reference values to carry out the subsequent experiments. For instance, the reference value for \(p_{on}\), i.e., 0.9 is implemented in the experimental setup using \(flag_{on}\) and a random number generator which generates any number between 0 to 9. When there is data in the previous time slot \(flag_{on}\) is set as true and the probability of data generation in the next slot is regulated with probability of occurrence of any number from 0 to 9 using random number generator except any particular number such as 5. Figure 7: Node locations along with sink position. Next experiment attempts to fix threshold values for packet transmission rate (\(PR_{th}\)) and link quality (\(LQ_{th}\)) as shown in Figure 9. Here X axis represents the threshold value pair (\(\{PR_{th},LQ_{th}\}\)) and the effect of variation in these threshold value pair in system performance is quantified in terms of data packets received by sink. Threshold value is a positive value set as reference point such that the obtained values can be compared with respect to the threshold to determine whether it violates its regulatory limit. Packet transmission rate (\(PR\)) is measured in terms of number of packets (having size of 2000 bits each) sent per second. Initially, \(PR_{th}\) is set as a default large value, i.e., 125 packets/s (in other words 250 kbps which is maximum permissible data rate for IEEE 802.15.4 standard [2]) to adjust \(LQ_{th}\) first. Link quality (\(LQ\)) is quantified in terms of link quality indicator (\(LQI\)) which is a metric to measure quality of the received signal. Gradually the \(LQ_{th}\) is varied keeping \(PR_{th}\) fixed at 125 and the effect is observed. It is found that data packets received by sink saturates when \(LQ_{th}\) is beyond 100 and hence it is set as reference for \(LQ_{th}\). Thereafter, \(PR_{th}\) is varied in descending order keeping \(LQ_{th}\) constant at reference value and the behavior is noticed. It is found that data packet reception by sink grows sharply when \(PR_{th}\) is beyond 50. Hence, the reference value for \(PR_{th}\) is set as 50 to bound \(PR\) to restrict SAR. Following set of experiments are carried out to estimate the performance of the proposed strategy subject to different mobility models defined by Line Mobility Model (LMM) [35] and Smooth Random Mobility Model [36]. The nature of data packets received by sink with respect to time is observed here in case of LMM and Smooth Random Mobility Model (SRMM) and the outcome is plotted in Figure 10,\(c\) respectively and corresponding energy consumption of the network measured using resourceManager module in Castalia [35] (that models realistic node behavior to access the radio) is depicted in Figure 10,\(d\) accordingly. A recent protocol presented in [17] is also simulated in similar experimental setup to compare performance. It is observed from the outcome that relatively better  
Figure 8: Mapping of MDP formulation into routing strategy. (**a**) Variation of utility values with varying \(p_{on},p_{off},pr_{on},pr_{off},lq_{on},lq_{off}\). (**b**) Variation of data packets received by sink with varying \(p_{on},p_{off},pr_{on},pr_{off},lq_{on},lq_{off}\)  
Figure 9: Obtaining threshold values for packet transmission rate (\(PR_{th}\)) and link quality (\(LQ_{th}\)).