## 4 Discussion

Table 3: IL1\(\beta\) values (pg/\(\mu\)L) in adolescents (11–16 years old) and young adults (17–28 years old) at T1. the distalized canine, respectively. Due to the extended methodological similarities with our study, the results obtained by [PERSON] and [PERSON] [20] in their work are highly comparable. Firstly, the authors opted for an identical reporting of results, identifying the interleukin concentration relative to the gingival fluid volume (pg/uL). Furthermore, the dilution volume used (250 uL) is also identical. The authors obtained similar results both at the 24 h threshold at the level of distalized amines (37.8 \(\pm\) 6.7 pg/uL), and at the control situs level 18.3 \(\pm\) 3.4 pg/uL. With regard to the collected crevicular fluid volume, our results are similar to others obtained in the literature. For collecting the crevicular fluid we used the paper points which possess a narrow absorption limit emphasizing the importance of avoiding bleeding during sampling [21]. In our study, the average crevicular volume 24 h after activating the orthodontic apparatus was 0.955 uL. The average value obtained before activation was 0.57 uL. The results are similar to the ones obtained by [PERSON] and co. They identified a crevicular fluid volume 24 h after activation of 0.54 \(\pm\) 19 uL, while the volume collected level at the control situs was 0.66 \(\pm\) 21 uL [22]. The metabolic activity of the periodontal tissues is also influenced by their physiological characteristics. Thus, an important factor that needs to be considered regarding the periodontal tissue remodeling during the orthodontic therapy is the patient's age [23]. The alveolar bone density grows with age and will thus generate a different biological response in teen/adult patients relative to children. A study conducted by [PERSON] shows that the reduced level of pro-inflammatory cytokines in adult patients is due to the decreased metabolic activity of the periodontal ligament for this age group (2011). Therefore, the periodontal tissue remodeling and the release of inflammatory molecules decrease with growth in age. In our study, we observed an increased IL 1\(\upbeta\) concentration for young patients (42.96 pg/uL) compared to adult patients (17.93 pg/uL)) in the first 24 h after the activation of orthodontic therapy. Similar results were also obtained by [PERSON] et al. [12]. The authors compared the concentration of IL 1\(\upbeta\) and IL 6 in the crevicular fluid for adults and children during the orthodontic treatment, at different time intervals. Their results were reported in a different manner from ours (mass of interleukin per 60 s). They identified a similar concentration of IL 1\(\upbeta\) at the control teeth for both adults and children, with higher concentrations identified at the IL 1\(\upbeta\) level. In regards to the teeth affected by orthodontic forces, IL 1\(\upbeta\) had higher values for both adults and children, at 24 and 168 h after time of application of the device. Overall, the concentration of IL 1\(\upbeta\) was higher for children compared to adults, with statistically significant differences at the initial time of the device activation and 168 h later [24,25]. Our research is in line with those identified in the literature, suggesting that initial tooth movements occur more rapidly in adolescents than in young adults. However, many variables could alter the results of the present preliminary report. In fact the lingual or vestibular bracket positioning has been demonstrated to have an effect on periodontal parameters [26]. Additionally, treatment time is also a significant variable [27]. Therefore, further clinical research is needed on the topic. The main limitation of this study is represented by the time periods of the measurement of the gingival crevicular fluid levels, with the study having been conducted only at T0 and T1.