# Special Issue \"Extreme Sciences and Engineering\"
###### Abstract
The outcome of this study provided well-founded scenes of the seismic damage to non-structural indoor components for performing virtual earthquake safety drills. This work is part of a digital twin that could enable sustainable cities [8]. [PERSON] et al. [9] addressed the resilience of cities through an accurate and rapid assessment of seismic damage, economic loss, and post-event repair time, which can provide an important reference for emergency rescue and post-earthquake recovery. Based on city-scale nonlinear time-history analysis (THA) and regional seismic loss prediction, a real-time city-scale time-history analysis method is proposed in this work. The method proposed in this work has been applied to many earthquake events and provides a useful reference for scientific decision making related to earthquake disaster relief, which is of great significance to the enhancement of the resilience of earthquake-stricken areas. [PERSON] et al. [10] highlighted the large-amplitude dynamic responses of the train-turnout interaction with increased traffic. They determined the impact forces and evaluated the dynamic behaviors of a railway turnout and their effects on such turnout components as bearers, ballasts, and so on. The study also investigated the use of composite materials in railway turnout structures. The new insight that was gained from this study shows that neglection of the contribution of dynamic forces can result in the unsafe underestimation of train-turnout behaviors. [PERSON] et al. [11] investigated the fatigue performance of rib-to-deck joints in orthotropic steel decks (OSDs) using both thickened edge U-ribs (TEUs) and conventional U-ribs (CUs). The fatigue test results and in situ monitoring data were investigated. The results showed that a notably higher fatigue reliability can be expected in the rib-to-deck joints in OSDs that use TEUs rather than CUs, which in turn can lead to a notable improvement in fatigue life. [PERSON] et al. [12] developed the world's first three-dimensional (3D) coupled train-track-soil interaction model that combined the multi-body simulation (MBS) principle and finite element modeling (FEM). They then investigated the vibration responses of pore water pressures, effective and total stresses, and the displacement of soils under different train speeds and soil moduli. The original insight from this study provides a new and better understanding of the saturated ground vibration responses to high-speed railway systems that use slab tracks in practice. This insight will help track engineers to effectively inspect, maintain, and improve soil conditions, resulting in a seamless railway operation. [PERSON] et al. [13] focused on track settlement, which is a common problem that is observed in ballasted railway tracks. This study investigated the relation between unsupported sleepers/bearers and a railway turnout system in order to develop an understanding of the response of the turnout system under dynamic loadings. The results show that the performance of fiber-reinforced foamed urethane (FFU) bearers is promising and that unsupported bearers carry significant loads at particular locations, which is contrary to the sleepers on normal tracks that are subjected to insignificant loads.