## 1 Introduction
[PERSON] and [PERSON] [10] propose the concept of adequacy resilience which is an indicator of adaptability of power system to ensure the required reliability level. [PERSON] et al. [11] examine the extent of resource adequacy and the North American power system's resilience to extreme weather events. [PERSON] et al. [12] discuss how the proposed framework with new management structures within Eskom integrate risk management across various functions of a power system (generation, transmission, distribution, customer services, communication, etc.). The authors of [13] propose a security-constrained redispatching approach to predict potential critical scenarios, satisfy additional N-1 security criteria, and increase the system resilience under wet snowstorms. The authors of [14] propose and formulate a resilience-constrained unit commitment model which ensures a resilient supply of loads of the system with microgrid in case of multiple outages. Resilience assessment and its attributes (prevention, adaptation, and recovery) for a distribution system was a focus of many recent works [15; 16; 17; 18; 19; 20; 21; 22; 23; 24; 25; 26; 27] as they present resilience and risk analysis of distribution systems under extreme weather events. The authors of [18] present an extensive literature review on power system restoration issues. References [19; 20; 21; 22] present the use of microgrids as local resources and blackstart reserves to enhance the power system resilience. [PERSON] et al. [23] present a mixed integer programming approach for optimal power grid intentional islanding. [PERSON] et al. [24] present optimal generator startup strategy for power system restoration. [PERSON] and [PERSON] [25] present an integrated approach for power system restoration planning. [PERSON] and [PERSON] [26] emphasize the need for more research to enhance resilience of distribution systems to climate change and extreme weather [PERSON] et al. [27] present a proactive approach to cope with emergencies caused by extreme weather events, improve resilience, and minimize the restoration cost of power systems. In the planning horizon, various models to improve power system resilience are proposed in [28; 29; 30; 31; 32; 33]. [PERSON] et al. [28; 29] propose a two-stage stochastic model to optimize investments that improve the resilience against earthquakes and to make the appropriate resilient decision making. [PERSON] et al. [30] propose a resilience centered simulation-based approach to identify the network investments that offer the solution for risks caused by natural hazards. A transmission expansion decision approach--based on a multi-level mixed integer programming (MIP)--to make investment decisions against terrorist threats is proposed in [31]. The authors od [32; 33] demonstrate that hardening is one of the most effective ways to increase the power system resilience under extreme weather events. Various methods on resilience assessment of the power system under cyber-attacks are presented in [34; 35; 36; 37; 38]. [PERSON] et al. [34] present a reliability assessment of a cyber-physical power system considering cyber-attacks against monitoring functions. [PERSON] and [PERSON] [35] perform resilience assessment of the power system to cyber and physical attacks, and they consider the degree of vulnerability to be a measure of the resilience of power system to attacks via cyber means or through physical means. The results of a survey of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) vulnerabilities of a power system and relevant defense methodologies are presented in [36]. [PERSON] et al. [37] present an integrated resilience response framework that links the situation awareness with resilience enhancement and provides effective and efficient responses in preventive and emergency states. A probabilistic risk-based methodology for security assessment of a power system by taking into account vulnerabilities of ICT systems that involve control and protection is presented in [38].