## 3 Results
### Effects of Self-Selected Music on EEG Signals  
The effects of self-selected music on EEG signals are shown in Table 2. Compared with no music intervention, listening to self-selected music during the warm-up significantly upregulated the \(\alpha\) energy percentage in the F3 (M: 24.55 \(\pm\) 12.33%, NM: 16.41 \(\pm\) 11.10%; [PERSON]'s \(d\) = 0.69; 95% CI: 0.91 to 15.35; \(t_{16}\) = 2.389, \(p\) = 0.030), C3 (M: 28.72 \(\pm\) 12.44%, NM: 23.74 \(\pm\) 14.77%; [PERSON]'s \(d\) = 0.36; 95% CI: 0.27 to 9.68, \(t_{16}\) = 2.245, \(p\) = 0.039), P3 (M: 31.74 \(\pm\) 14.40%, NM: 19.49 \(\pm\) 12.92%; [PERSON]'s \(d\) = 0.89; 95% CI: 4.85 to 19.64, \(t_{16}\) = 3.513, \(p\) = 0.003), O1 (M: 30.95 \(\pm\) 17.29%, NM: 18.35 \(\pm\) 14.64%; [PERSON]'s \(d\) = 0.78; 95% CI: 4.97 to 20.24, \(t_{16}\) = 3.500, \(p\) = 0.003), T3 (M: 26.85 \(\pm\) 12.93%, NM: 17.84 \(\pm\) 9.26%; [PERSON]'s \(d\) = 0.80; 95% CI: 2.68 to 15.33, \(t_{16}\) = 3.019, \(p\) = 0.008), F4 (M: 32.40 \(\pm\) 12.24%, NM: 24.78 \(\pm\) 13.55%; [PERSON]'s \(d\) = 0.58; 95% CI: 0.28 to 14.94, \(t_{16}\) = 2.204, \(p\) = 0.043), and P5P regions (M: 28.48 \(\pm\) 13.36%, NM: 21.26 \(\pm\) 11.76%; [PERSON]'s \(d\) = 0.57; 95% CI: 0.76 to 13.67, \(t_{16}\) = 2.371, \(p\) = 0.031), B energy percentage in the F3 (M: 16.40 \(\pm\) 11.81%, NM: 8.17 \(\pm\) 5.89%; [PERSON]'s \(d\) = 0.88; 95% CI: 2.50 to 13.95, \(t_{16}\) = 3.045, \(p\) = 0.008), O1 (M: 11.25 \(\pm\) 4.65%, NM: 6.29 \(\pm\) 4.90%; [PERSON]'s \(d\) = 1.03; 95% CI: 1.90 to 8.02, \(t_{16}\) = 3.436, \(p\) = 0.003), and T5 regions (M: 18.28 \(\pm\) 8.35%, NM: 12.48 \(\pm\) 7.49%; [PERSON]'s \(d\) = 0.73; 95% CI: 0.45 to 11.14, \(t_{16}\) = 2.300, \(p\) = 0.035), while it downregulated the \(\delta\) energy percentage in the F3 (M: 35.77 \(\pm\) 13.97%, NM: 51.27 \(\pm\) 17.84%; [PERSON]'s \(d\) = \(-\)0.96; 95% CI: 25.16 to 5.83, \(t_{16}\) = \(-\)3.400, \(p\) = 0.004), P3 (M: 30.51 \(\pm\) 10.22%, NM: 42.34 \(\pm\) 19.78%; [PERSON]'s \(d\) = \(-\)0.75; 95% CI: 22.33 to 1.32, \(t_{16}\) = \(-\)2.387, \(p\) = 0.030), O1 (M: 36.31 \(\pm\) 18.35%, NM: 49.77 \(\pm\) 16.80%; [PERSON]'s \(d\) = \(-\)0.76; 95% CI: 24.79 to 2.13, \(t_{16}\) = \(-\)2.520, \(p\) = 0.023), F4 (M: 31.14 \(\pm\) 11.07%, NM: 40.04 \(\pm\) 14.08%; [PERSON]'s \(d\) = \(-\)0.70; 95% CI: 16.88 to 0.91, \(t_{16}\) = \(-\)2.364, \(p\) = 0.031), and F8 regions (M: 31.12 \(\pm\) 9.60%, NM: 43.14 \(\pm\) 16.72%; [PERSON]'s \(d\) = \(-\)0.88; 95% CI: 22.55 to 1.47, \(t_{16}\) = \(-\)2.417, \(p\) = 0.028).  
In addition, compared with no music intervention, listening to self-selected music during the warm-up significantly downregulated \(\theta/\beta\) in the F3 (M: 2.41 \(\pm\) 2.65, NM: 5.04 \(\pm\) 4.01; [PERSON]'s \(d\) = \(-\)0.77; 95% CI: \(-\)4.37 to \(-\)0.86, \(t_{16}\) = \(-\)3.167, \(p\) = 0.006) and O1 regions (M: 2.39 \(\pm\) 1.77, NM: 11.63 \(\pm\) 17.38; [PERSON]'s \(d\) = \(-\)0.74; 95% CI: \(-\)17.97 to \(-\)0.48, \(t_{16}\) = \(-\)2.238, \(p\) = 0.040) and (\(\theta+\alpha\))/(\(\alpha+\beta\)) in the F3 region (M: 1.27 \(\pm\) 0.41, NM: 2.09 \(\pm\) 0.99; [PERSON]'s \(d\) = \(-\)1.07; 95% CI: \(-\)1.27 to \(-\)0.36, \(t_{16}\) = \(-\)3.828, \(p\) = 0.001).  
Figure 2: Listening to self-selected music during the warm-up significantly increased peak power (* \(p\) = 0.024, (**A**)) and mean power (* \(p\) = 0.011, (**B**)), while there were no significant effects on minimum power (\(p\) = 0.121, (**C**)) and fatigue index (\(p\) = 0.964, (**D**)) in the Wingate test. M, music intervention; NM, no music intervention; n.s., no significance. The dots represent the raw data.  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{l c c c c c c c c c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Rain Regions** & \multicolumn{2}{c}{\(\epsilon\) C/H} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{\(\epsilon\) A/H} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{\(\epsilon\) B/H} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{\(\epsilon\) B/H} \\ \hline
**Rain Regions** & \multicolumn{2}{