## 2 Materials and Methods
### Methods for Both Regional Farm Samples and Research Farm Plots  
For both grower and research farm samples, SSC and TA were measured using an ATAGO 7104 PAL-BK/ACID4 Pocket Titirmeter-Refractometer for Strawberry (ATAGO USA, Bellevue, WA, USA). Values were calculated from a 3-berry subsample. Frozen samples were thawed for 2h and juice was squeezed for analysis. The device calculated SSC through refractometry, and TA of 1:50 juice:water dilution through a built-in conductivity probe. Acid correction for SSC was calculated using the following equation: Corrected SSC (%) = Original SSC(%) \(-\) (TA(%) \(\times\) 0.1943), but the corrections were small and did not affect the results; therefore, uncorrected SSC values were used in analyses [34]. Samples for volatile analysis were prepared using methods from [PERSON] et al. (2007) [35], and frozen in a \(-\)80 \({}^{\circ}\)C freezer prior to analysis. Samples were thawed for 90 to 120 min at room temperature prior to loading into the injection port. Prior to statistical analyses, target volatiles were first identified among the hundreds that exist using samples collected in 2018 [36]. Major volatiles associated with flavor in \"Jewel\" included furanone, isoamyl acetate, hexanoic acid, ethyl butanoate, ethyl hexanoate, and linalool (Table 2), so only these were used in further analyses. Volatile quantification of fruit samples from both grower farms and the research farm was performed using a gas chromatograph (GC) coupled to a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer ([PERSON], TQ8040, Tokyo, Japan). A 2-cm divinylbenzene/Carboxen/ polydimethylsiloxane (DVB/CAR/PDMS) fiber (SU57299U, Neta Scientific, Hainesport, NJ, USA) fitted to a CTC CombiPal (Agilent, Santa Clara, CA, USA) autosampler was used for solid-phase microextraction (SPME), with an incubation temperature of 37 \({}^{\circ}\)C for 15 min and agitated at 500 RPM. The SPME fiber was incubated in the sample headspace for 60 min at 37 \({}^{\circ}\)C and desorbed in a splitless injection port for 3 min at a constant temperature of 230 \({}^{\circ}\)C.  
Injections were splitless with a flow rate of 1.79 mL/min\({}^{-1}\) purged after 1 min. Ultra high purity helium was used as the carrier gas with a flow rate of 1 mL/min\({}^{-1}\). The gas chromatograph was equipped with a Varian FactorFour(tm) capillary column (30 m \(\times\) 0.25 mm \(\times\) 0.25 \(\upmu\)m, CP9205, Walnut Creek, CA, USA). Initially, the GC oven was held at 25 \({}^{\circ}\)C for 5 min, then ramped to 40 \({}^{\circ}\)C at a rate of 5 \({}^{\circ}\)C/min, and held at 250 \({}^{\circ}\)C for 10 min. The MS was operated in EI mode with an ionization energy of 70 eV in SIM mode with an ion source temperature of 230 \({}^{\circ}\)C and an interface temperature of 230 \({}^{\circ}\)C. Peak areas of target volatiles were quantified using Shimadzu GCMSolutions software using the following quantifier ions: 3-heptanone [_m/z_ 57, 85, 41], naphthalene D8 [_m/z_ 1136, 108, 134], and isopropyl methoxy pyrazine d3 [_m/z_ 139, 121, 81]. R-software was used for all statistical analyses, (Version 1.1.456, 2009-2018 RStudio, Inc., Boston, MA, USA). For farm samples, relationships between flavor attributes and GDD, cumulative solar radiation, cumulative rainfall, and temperature variables (average air temperature, minimum air temperature, and the air temperature differential) for each of the four stages of fruit development were evaluated using linear regression. Year-to-year and farm-to-farm differences were assessed using data from the 8 farms visited in 2018, 2019, and 2020. ANOVA was used to determine if statistical differences existed for SSC and TA between years when farm served as a replicate, and conversely, if differences existed between farms when year served as a replicate. Pearson's correlation coefficients and _p_-values for the slope of the linear equations were calculated. For the field study, data were analyzed as a completely randomized design using ANOVA.