# Tsunami Modeling and Satellite-Based Emergency Mapping: Workflow Integration Opportunities
## 2 Materials and Methods: Tsunami Modelling and Satellite-Based Emergency Mapping
### Copernicus Emergency Management Service (CEMS)  
The Copernicus Emergency Management Service (CEMS) is one of the six services offered by Copernicus, the European Union's Earth Observation programme for global environmental monitoring, disaster management and security. CEMS provides support to all actors involved in the fields of crisis management, humanitarian aid as well as disaster risk reduction, preparedness and prevention. The service has two main components: Early Warning and Monitoring, and On-demand Mapping services. The Early Warning and Monitoring component provides continuous and global information about floods, forest fires and droughts. Instead, the services of the On-demand Mapping component are providing geographic information on-demand for a specific disaster (any type of natural or man-made disasters, globally) and a limited area. Figure 1 depicts the general service overview. The On-demand Mapping component includes a SEM mechanism which will be described hereafter.  
CEMS On-demand Mapping is managed by the Joint Research Centre (JRC) and operated through the Emergency Response and Coordination Centre (ERCC) at  
Figure 1: Overview of the two Copernicus Emergency Management Service (CEMS) components and their offered services.  
Directorate-General for Humanitarian Aid and Civil Protection (DG ECHO). It has been operational since April 2012 and provides geospatial information, maps and analyses based on satellite imagery acquired before, during or after a disaster. It can be triggered only by Authorised Users which include National Focal Points in the European Union Member States and in most countries participating in the European Civil Protection Mechanism, as well as European Commission services and the European External Action Service. Other local and regional entities, International Governmental Organisations (e.g., UN agencies, World Bank), and National and International Non-Governmental Organisations can activate the service through an Authorised User.  
Depending on the need of the user and for which phase of the disaster management cycle geo-information is required, it is provided in two different modes: Rapid Mapping or Risk and Recovery. They differ in terms of map delivery times, type of analysis performed and level of standardization in the workflow. Rapid Mapping provides geo-information within hours or days, immediately following the event (fast provision). With its 24/7 availability, it supports emergency management activities immediately following an emergency event and is thus the SEM mechanism of CEMS. Both, workflow and products are standardized to allow fast handling of requests and meeting target delivery times. On the other hand, Risk and Recovery operates during working days and working hours only. It is designed for pre- or post-crisis situations which do not require immediate action and provides geo-information within weeks or months after the service activation in support of recovery, disaster risk reductions, prevention, and preparedness activities. The geo-information and other results generated by both mapping modes are accessible on the CEMS mapping portal (emergency.copernicus.eu/mapping). Like all Copernicus core services, the products are free of charge.  
The specific service tasks, including image ordering and analysis, are carried out by service providers (i.e., operating entities) who are consortia of European companies, academia and public institutions.