## 1 Introduction  
With the increasingly demanding working conditions such as load and high temperature during ultra-precision machining, higher requirements are put forward for high-performance abrasive tools [1; 2; 3; 4]. The irregular grain arrangement of the traditional grinding wheel is not conducive to improving the grinding performance of the wheel. Therefore, a structured grinding wheel is proposed. It has a good coolant delivery capacity, which can reduce the grinding temperature and achieve ultra-smooth surface generation. Therefore, many scholars have studied the preparation technology of the structured grinding wheel. [PERSON] et al. [5] were the first to study microstructure surface machining with a macrostructured grinding wheel, and proposed several classic structured surface machining methods. [PERSON] et al. [6; 7] used a dressing tool to process the macrostructure on the surface of a grinding wheel, and then used it to process the structured surface. [PERSON] et al. [8] studied a kind of micro-grooved grinding wheel used for grinding narrow and deep grooves, which can effectively improve the bearing capacity of coolant in the grinding zone. The effect of the micro-groove structure on grinding wheel wear was evaluated through the comparative experiment of grinding narrow and deep grooves, and the wear behavior of the orderly micro-groove grinding wheel was clarified. Through the testing of grinding force, force ratio, and other parameters, it has been verified that the ordered micro-grooved grinding wheel can realize self-sharpness and ensure good grinding performance. In order to determine the influence of structural parameters of the structured grinding wheel on grinding force, [PERSON] et al. [9] determined the critical cutting depth of plow and cutting transition through a single scraping experiment, and analyzed the relevant parameters of the grinding process. A surface morphology model of the structural grinding wheel and a grinding force model of a single grain during the ploughing stage was established. A grinding force calculation model of a straight-groove-structured wheel was established and verified by a grinding experiment. The results showed that the calculated grinding force was in good agreement with the experimental values, and that the groove width has little effect on the grinding force when the intermittent ratio of the structured grinding wheel is constant. However, when the groove width is unchanged, the intermittent ratio has a great influence on the grinding force, and the grinding force decreases obviously with the increase of the intermittent ratio. [PERSON] et al. [10] proposed a new form of macrostructure grinding wheel, namely, a large spiral angle groove wheel (LSG-GW, \(\beta>85^{\circ}\)) and a large spiral angle spoiler groove wheel. A flow field model of the LSG-GW considering the channel parameters and an analysis model of the gas-liquid two-phase field were established. The results showed that increasing the groove width, groove depth, and spiral angle can reduce the pressure of the flow field in the air barrier layer and make the grinding liquid enter the grinding contact zone more easily. Through the analysis of the theoretical model of convective heat transfer co-distribution in heat transfer channels, it was found that the flow disturbance structure can bring more grinding fluid into the grinding contact area and significantly improve the convective heat transfer coefficient in the grinding contact area. [PERSON] et al. [11] proposed a new type of laser ablative venilike structured grinding wheel (VLSGW). The venous structure can effectively reduce the flow resistance. Four biomimetic vein channels were ablated on the grinding wheel by a picosecond pulsed laser. The effects of the VLSGW on air return and workpiece surface pressure were analyzed by simulation. The grinding performance of SiC grinding with a VLSGW and an unstructured grinding wheel was compared. Compared with the USGW, the VLSGW can effectively reduce the normal and tangential grinding forces.