## 3 Results
### Effects of FF on Protein Expression  
This study aimed to assess the impact of FF on inflammation and adipogenesis factors in the liver of HFD mice by performing a Western blot analysis (Figures 8 and 9). Continuously administered HFD activates inflammation in liver tissue, leading to the release of various inflammatory cytokines, including IL-6 and IL-1B[45; 46; 47]. The HFD administration significantly increased the expression levels of IL-6, IL-1B, and iNOS by 51.8%, 105.9%, and 225.5% compared to NFD, respectively. IL-6 expression significantly decreased in the FF 125 (40.7%) and FF 250 (75.6%) groups compared to the HFD group, while IL-1B decreased by 11.2% (FF 50), 10.0% (FF 125), and 36.3% (FF 250) in the FF groups compared to the HFD  
Figure 6: Effects of fermented fig (FF) on serum lipid metabolism: (**A**) total cholesterol, (**B**) triglycerides, (**C**) low-density lipoprotein, and (**D**) high-density lipoprotein in HFD-fed mice. NFD, mice treated with only DW; HFD, mice treated with HFD and DW; GTE, mice treated with HFD and green tea extract (GTE) 50 mg/kg; FF, mice treated with HFD and FF (50, 125, and 250 mg/kg). The results are expressed as mean \(\pm\) SEM (\(n=8\)). \({}^{n+}\) The different variables were significantly different at \(p<\) 0.05 among the groups, as determined by [PERSON]’s analysis.  
group. The expression of iNOS decreased by 151.5% (FF 50), 176.4% (FF 125), and 216.1% (FF 250) in the FF groups compared to the HFD group (Figure 8).  
The HFD administration resulted in increases of 105.9% (FAS), 66.3% (FABP4), and 32.8% (C/EBP\(\alpha\)) compared to the NFD group, and ACC decreased by 72.85% in the HFD group. FAS decreased by 221.2% (FF 50), 206.3% (FF 125), and 238.9% (FF 250) compared to the HFD group. FABP4 exhibited dose-dependent decreases of 108.6% (FF 50), 111.9% (FF 125), and 116.2% (FF 250) compared to the HFD group. Additionally, C/EBP\(\alpha\) showed a significant decrease in the FF 250 group (68.17%) compared to the HFD group. ACC  
Figure 8: Effects of fermented fig (FF) on liver inflammatory markers in HFD-fed mice. (**A**) protein expression; (**B**) IL-6; (**C**) IL-18; (**D**) iNOS. NFD, mice treated with only DW; HFD, mice treated with HFD and DW; GTE, mice treated with HFD and green tea extract (GTE) 50 mg/kg; FF, mice treated with HFD and FF (50, 125, and 250 mg/kg). The results are expressed as mean \(\pm\) SEM (\(n=8\)). \({}^{a<}\) The different variables were significantly different at \(p<0.05\) among the groups, as determined by [PERSON]’s analysis.  
Figure 7: Effects of fermented fig (FF) on serum (**A**) ALT and (**B**) AST levels in HFD-fed mice. NFD, mice treated with only DW; HFD, mice treated with HFD and DW; GTE, mice treated with HFD and green tea extract (GTE) 50 mg/kg; FF, mice treated with HFD and FF (50, 125, and 250 mg/kg). The results are expressed as mean \(\pm\) SEM (\(n=8\)). \({}^{a<}\) The different variables were significantly different at \(p<0.05\) among the groups, as determined by [PERSON]’s analysis.  
showed increases of 25.9% (FF 50), 19.4% (FF 125), and 47.5% (FF 250) compared to the HFD group (Figure 9). These findings indicate liver damage induced by HFD, demonstrating the anti-inflammatory effects of FF in HFD-induced obese mice and suggesting that FF reduces lipid synthesis inhibition and adipogenesis expression.