# Integrated Systems of a Solar Thermal Energy Driven Power Plant
## 3 Proposed Methodology
### Proposed System
With photovoltaic technology, consumers may generate electricity in an eco-friendly, silent, and reliable way. Hundreds of individual solar cells are housed in a waterproof and sealed module. The goal is to make the most of solar thermal systems. Both series and parallel linking of modules are feasible. The versatility of the modular solar thermal system allows designers to create solar power systems that can meet various electrical needs. A solar thermal system often falls into one of two categories: one system is \"grid-tied,\" which is connected to the utility grid; the other is standalone, disconnected from the public electrical grid. Since grid-tied solar systems are permanently attached to the power grid, battery storage is unnecessary. Reduced utility power use is possible with the help of a solar thermal system, which may generate enough energy to power a home or business. The PV system is designed to automatically feed any extra electricity into the grid if its production exceeds the power needs. A solar thermal system cannot work without a battery backup during a power outage. Standalone systems are independent and do not need any external power source as they are not linked to the utility grid. During the day, they generate energy; at night, they store excess power. Although there are several parts to a PV system, the ones that generate electricity--the PV cells--are the most crucial. However, more components are needed to control, convert, and store the energy. This system includes batteries, charge controllers, inverters, and solar thermal modules. Figure 3: Carbon sequestration system. Energy-generating solar thermal modules:  
The module's voltage defines the model's number of cells in solar thermal modules. By connecting solar thermal cells in series or parallel, arrays of these cells have the potential to generate more electricity than a single cell could on its own. In most cases, the system's nominal voltage must be identical to the nominal voltage of the storage system. The efficiency and cost-effectiveness of solar modules are the primary characteristics considered while evaluating these modules. Crystalline and thin film materials are the two primary components used to manufacture solar modules. Both polycrystalline and monocrystalline modules make up the majority of crystalline semiconductors. A monocrystalline module is composed of a single and enormous silicon crystal alone. They are the most efficient at turning sunlight into energy, with an efficiency of over 18%. The price is also more than that of polycrystalline varieties. Solar thermal modules may be either polycrystalline or monocrystalline. Even though they are not as efficient as monocrystalline modules, polycrystalline ones are much more common in PV systems. Efficiency ratings for polycrystalline modules are between 13% and 15%. Batteries and charge controllers:  
The batteries' primary function is to store electrical energy for later use, even when sunlight is not available. Two main types of storage batteries are used much more often in solar thermal systems. Each of these two categories of batteries is referred to by their respective names: deep-cycle batteries and lead-acid batteries. In addition to being the most common battery, lead-acid batteries can deliver very high currents. Lead-acid batteries power the majority of electronic gadgets. Lead-acid batteries are advantageous for several reasons, including the fact that they are inexpensive and widely available. A charge controller is a piece of equipment that establishes a connection between the solar array's output and the energy stored in the batteries. This component is designed to control and manage the flow of the current throughout the system. To provide a more in-depth explanation, these systems are intended to prevent the batteries from being charged or drained over their capacity. Certain charge controllers make use of pulse width modulation as a method of controlling whether the device is on or off.