## 3 Results
### In-Home/School  
3.1.1. Case Study 1: \"The Chilly Mo VR Application\"  
The Chilly Mo app is a proof of concept. The aim of the Chilly Mo VR application is to create an MVP to demonstrate educational and collaborative DCH experiences. The app aims to be a kid-friendly (i.e., from toddlers onwards) introduction to various cultural costumes and customs through exploring them via virtual museum tours [58] on a smartphone. Chilly Mo is intended to operate via a handheld device and as an interactive edutainment exhibit in the museum. It is designed for use in conjunction with visits to real museums, especially large museums such as the Louvre. It can be used in an individual or in a group setting, and under parental or teacher supervision [58]. The app aims to encourage children to go beyond mere entertainment while playing, and learn about different cultural events and customs. Toddlers, with parental guidance, can use the app to make an account, select their supporting language, select different civilizations, view the stories and costumes, and explore them in the VR environment using their own virtual embodiment (avatar) with the outfit of their choice. They can take virtual selfies in traditional costumes within the app. They can select and explore the different virtual spaces known as salons in the app, which can be viewed via their smartphone screens. Future exhibitions could cover the widest range of civilizations. The Chilly Mo study used the five stages of Design Thinking/Design Doing--empathize, define, ideate, prototype, and test--to create the MVP and validate the prototype's perceived usability. Chilly Mo development followed the HCD principles, incorporating persona descriptions to represent typical user behaviors and needs [59]. The methodology integrated Design Thinking, which has been previously validated in the scholarly literature [60, 61], to actively involve art therapists during the initial stages of feedback evaluation. This approach helps designers align on user characteristics and ensures comprehensive inclusion of user needs, adding depth to ideation discussions. Extensive secondary research identified fundamental VR principles such as user comfort, intuitive navigation, spatial sound, 3D UI, feedback, and realistic interactions. Figure 1 shows some screen impressions. Usability testing refined the conceptual UXUI, and these results and the tested MVP were presented at academic conferences [23]. The design choices for the UI were based on research of interactive games for toddlers, integrating VR with user-friendly smartphones. Chilly Mo's design began with research on the benefits of interactive gaming in toddler learning, leading to an early-stage prototype using a DesignThinking approach. The Chilly Mo app is utilizing some of the benefits of interactive gaming in toddler learning, and explorative learning in VR, to guide the use of their time and energy positively using the following concepts:  
* VR applications enable exploring inaccessible historical sites and cultures [62]. * VR software experiences and gamification can effectively assist users in changing behavior and help them achieve desired positive behavior [61]. * VR experiences can help reduce anxiety in young children [63]. User Interactions  
Chilly Mo applied user-centered design principles through the development of detailed persona descriptions representing typical toddler users, aiming to clearly identify their needs and behavioral patterns [36]. This approach provided a precise understanding of the target audience and guided the design to suit their specific developmental context. This approach supports a shared understanding of user needs and enhances design authenticity. Personas provide detailed visual profiles--including demographics, goals, skills, and usage scenarios--that help tailor solutions to target audiences (see Figure 2). For the example User Task Analysis, see Table 3, representing the Hierarchical Task Analysis (HTA). Users sign up for the app, requiring parental guidance for toddlers.