## 4 Discussion  
Recent studies have extensively explored various aspects of shoe fit, including size, width, and customization, and their impact on different demographic groups such as women over 50 [2; 7; 8; 9; 41; 42; 43; 44], individuals with gout, children and adolescents with Down syndrome, as well as young healthy women. These studies aimed to thoroughly evaluate the effects of shoe fit on key parameters such as pain, disability, physical activity, and ulcer prevention. Despite varying study conditions [9; 45; 46] and contexts, a common and critically important element emerges: the choice of appropriate footwear should not be limited to aesthetic considerations but should instead take into account the specific needs of each individual [12; 47]. This scoping review aimed to examine in detail the available evidence on the impact of shoe fit on foot health and overall well-being and provide practical recommendations for footwear selection. Our findings indicate that well-fitted shoes can significantly influence foot health outcomes, especially in specific populations such as the elderly, individuals with gout, and children with Down syndrome. One key finding from [PERSON]'s studies is the importance of providing educational materials to guide proper shoe selection. The development and use of an information brochure for GPs were shown to positively influence the shoe choices of women over 50, encouraging them to select higher-quality and better-fitting shoes. This suggests that primary care providers can play a crucial role in promoting foot health by offering basic shoe advice and educational materials. In another study by [PERSON] [2], it was demonstrated that shoe advice provided by primary care physicians can be as effective as pediatric treatment in managing non-traumatic forefoot pain in older adults. This finding highlights the potential for integrating footwear advice into routine primary care practices, which could reduce the need for specialist referrals and improve accessibility to foot health interventions. The study by [PERSON] et al. [7] emphasized the preventive [7; 48] potential of properly sized and width-fitted shoes on reducing callus formation and associated pressure and shear stress on the metatarsal. These findings underline the importance of ensuring that footwear fits correctly to prevent common foot problems, particularly in populations at risk of pressure-related foot conditions. [PERSON] et al. [8] explored the effectiveness of a shoe-related intervention in treating foot pain and disability in gout patients. Although the addition of specialized shoes did not significantly reduce foot pain, it did result in short-term improvements in overall pain, foot disability, and shoe comfort and fit. These results suggest that while specialized footwear may not always address pain directly, it canenhance overall foot comfort and functionality, which are important aspects of managing chronic foot conditions. [PERSON] et al. 's [9] study on custom-made shoes for children and adolescents with Down syndrome showed positive trends in increasing physical activity, although the results were not conclusive due to feasibility issues and the need for further research. This highlights the potential benefits of custom footwear in specific populations with unique foot shapes and needs, advocating for more tailored interventions in pediatric care. Based on these findings, the following practical recommendations for footwear selection can be made:  
Use of Information Brochures: Providing educational materials to guide individuals in selecting high-quality and well-fitting shoes can positively influence their choices, especially among older adults and those without immediate access to pediatric care. Primary Care Shoe Advice: Primary care physicians should consider offering initial advice on appropriate shoe characteristics and fitting as a first step before referring patients to specialized pediatric care.