## 7 Experimental Demonstration
### Power Grid Simulation Setup  
We use the academic version of the Power World simulator to perform a transient stability analysis of the grid. We use the IEEE 9-bus system [46] to represent the power grid because it has frequently been used as a benchmark in the industry to perform transient stability analysis. It represents a simple approximation of the Western System Coordinating Council (WSCC) with nine buses and three generators. We divide the 9-bus grid into different areas controlled by DRAS shown in Figure 4. DRAS 1 is responsible for zip code 1 (see Figure 1) which is modeled as the load on bus 5. DRAS 2 is responsible for zip code 2 which is modeled as the load on bus 8. Finally, DRAS 3 is responsible for zip code 3 which is modeled as the load on bus 6. Bus 1 is a slack bus for providing base power supply to the system. Generators on bus 2 and 3 are responsible for providing power to specific zip codes in which they are present and to zip codes modeled as the load on bus 8.  
Figure 3: Load shedding governor rule flow chart.  
We model zip codes using zip code 90057, which is a highly populated neighborhood in central Los Angeles [47]. We gained information regarding zip code 90057 power consumption data from industrial, commercial and residential customers. The values of percentages and average load in kilowatts (kW) were derived from average numbers for the entire Los Angeles Department of Water and Power (LADWP) service area, and they are reported by the US Energy Information Administration. We used the neighborhood data in Table 3 to model all zip codes.  
Consider bus 5 of the IEEE 9-bus system which has a load of 125 MW and is modeled as zip code 1. According to Table 3, one neighborhood has an average load of 689.16 kW. Therefore, the total number of neighborhoods in zip code 1 is approximately 181. Table 4 represents the number of neighborhoods (#NH) modeled on each load bus. Each meter is modeled as a residential, commercial or industrial customer in a neighborhood. Since one neighborhood contains 349 houses (Table 3), 181 neighborhood contains 63,169 houses. Table 4 illustrates that the load on bus 5 (zip code 1) is produced by 181 neighborhoods, which contains 63,169 residential, 8869 commercial and 362 industrial customers.  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c} \hline \hline
**DRAS** & **Load Bus** & **Zip Code** & **\#Neighborhood** & **I** & **C** & **R** \\ \hline
1 & 5 & 1 & 181 & 362 & 8869 & 63169 \\
2 & 8 & 2 & 145 & 290 & 7105 & 50605 \\
3 & 6 & 3 & 130 & 260 & 6370 & 45370 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}
Table 4: Approximate number of houses and commercial and industrial customers in each zip code that are responsible for load on buses in the IEEE 9-bus system.  
Figure 4: IEEE 9-bus system [46].  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c} \hline \hline
**\multicolumn{4}{c}{**90057 Neighborhood Energy Customer Model**} \\ \hline
**Customer Type** & **Percent (\%)** & **Number of Meters** & **Average Load (kW)** \\ \hline Industrial (I) & 0.50 & 2 & 19.17 \\ Commercial (C) & 12.20 & 49 & 8.51 \\ Residential (R) & 87.30 & 349 & 0.67 \\ Total & 100 & 400 & 689.16 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}
Table 3: Zip code-90057 Los Angeles neighborhood model for smart meters and load distribution [47].