## 2 Experiment Design
### Experimental Paradigm  
This experiment selected experienced drivers with at least one year of driving experience as participants, which means that these drivers have obtained a driving license and completed a one-year driving problem period. This experiment gathered driving data from a cohort of 20 drivers, comprising 15 males and 5 females, whose ages ranged between 20 and 35 years. The average driving experience among the 20 participants surveyed amounted to 5.2 years. This article chose not to establish an age-gradient experimental group for several reasons. First, using a homogenous group of participants of the same age allowed for a more unified and streamlined analysis of the results, thereby increasing the clarity with which conclusions can be drawn from the data. Secondly, the main focus of this paper is to study the impact of weather conditions on driving behavior. Therefore, the decision to maintain consistent age groups was made to mitigate potential confounding factors caused by age-related changes. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c} \hline \hline
**Stage** & **Behavior** & **Description** \\ \hline S1 & Accelerate & Accelerate gradually to the limit speed \\ S2 & Decelerate & Bridge ahead, please slow down \\ S3 & Straight & Straight ahead first \\ S4 & Turn & Turning \\ S5 & Uniform Speed & Keep going at your current speed \\ S6 & Parking & Park the vehicle safely \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 1: Descriptions of Six Driving Stages. Figure 3: Top view of simulated driving scene. Prior to the start of the experiment, drivers received training on the driving simulator to familiarize themselves with its practical operation. After the training was completed, their proficiency was evaluated. For participants who did not pass the pre-experiment training, this article deletes their experimental data and only retains the experimental data of those who passed the training. Subsequently, participants underwent driving simulation experiments in different environments. The experimental site was situated indoors, and throughout the experiment, we diligently strived to minimize potential disruptions or extraneous influences that might impact the driver's concentration while operating the vehicle. During the experiment, drivers were required to perform driving maneuvers based on their personal driving habits and experience. The selection of the experimental timeframe was based on the experimenter's personal considerations, specifically to ensure optimal alertness and energy levels, ranging from 10:00 am to 5:00 pm. Each individual experimental session had a duration of fifteen minutes. Every participant was obliged to undertake two such experiments, with a prescribed ten-minute intermission between them, strategically designed to safeguard the driver's preparedness and physical condition. Throughout the experiment, drivers encountered various driving scenarios and road conditions to simulate real-life driving situations. The high-definition projection screen of the driving simulator displayed realistic roads and environments, enabling drivers to experience a lifelike driving experience. The operational devices such as the steering wheel, pedals, and gear lever in the driving simulator were similar to those in real vehicles, allowing drivers to perform operations such as steering, acceleration, braking, and gear shifting. The position and angle of the driver's seat could be adjusted according to the driver's personal preference to ensure their comfort and realism within the simulator. A camera located beneath the seat was used to record the driver's facial expressions and driving behavior, which was crucial for subsequent data analysis and evaluation. The driving simulator primarily consisted of the following components: high-definition projection screen, driver's seat, steering wheel, wheelbase, pedals (including clutch, accelerator, and brake), gear lever, connectors, and a computing unit. The driver sat on the driver's seat, positioned 1.2 m away from the central screen, facing forward.