## 3 Methodology for Evaluating the Effectiveness of Rock Fall Protections
### Hazard Scenario and Existing Protection Measures
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c} \hline \hline  & **(I) Mesh Wire/Cable Nets** & \\ \hline
**n.** & **Factors** & **Type** & **Category** \\ \hline \multicolumn{4}{c}{**General**} \\ \hline
1 & Corrosion of the mesh & Maintenance, design, life span & \(1,2,4\) \\
2 & Damages to mesh & Maintenance, life span & \(1,4\) \\
3 & Excessive deformation of the mesh & Maintenance, design, life span & \(1,2,4\) \\
4 & Lack of connectors between mesh drapes (clips, knots) & Maintenance, installation & \(1,3\) \\
5 & Damages to cables & Maintenance, design, life span & \(1,2,4\) \\
6 & Loosening or loss of connection of cables & Maintenance, installation & \(1,3\) \\
7 & Lack of connectors cable/mesh (clips, knots) & Maintenance, installation & \(1,3\) \\ \hline \multicolumn{4}{c}{**Mesh wire nets with shotcrete/mesh wire with shotcrete and nails—Sub-type specific**} \\ \hline
6 & Corrosion of the mesh & Maintenance, design, life span & \(1,2,4\) \\
7 & Faults of injection (sealing) & Installation & \(3\) \\ \hline \multicolumn{4}{c}{**Mesh wire nets, plated, with nails—Sub-type specific**} \\ \hline
8 & Corrosion of nails (uniform or localised) & Maintenance, design, life span & \(1,2,4\) \\
9 & Faults of injection (sealing of nails) & Installation & \(3\) \\ \hline \multicolumn{4}{c}{**(2) Nails**} \\ \hline
**n.** & **Factors** & **Type** & **Category** \\ \hline
1 & Corrosion (uniform or localised) & Maintenance, design, life span & \(1,2,4\) \\
2 & Faults of injection (sealing) & Installation & \(3\) \\ \hline \multicolumn{4}{c}{**(3) Anchors**} \\ \hline
**n.** & **Factors** & **Factors** & **Category** \\ \hline
1 & Corrosion & Maintenance, design, life span & \(1,2,4\) \\
2 & Rupture of the anchor & Maintenance, design, installation, life span & \(1,2,3,4\) \\
3 & Rupture of the head plate & Design, installation & \(2,3\) \\
4 & Faults of injection (sealing) & Installation & \(3\) \\
5 & Flaws in controlling applied stress & Maintenance, design, installation & \(1,2,3\) \\ \hline \multicolumn{4}{c}{**(4) Barrier Fences**} \\ \hline
**n.** & **Factors** & **Type** & **Category** \\ \hline \multicolumn{4}{c}{**General (low and high energy vertical barrier fences)**} \\ \hline
1 & Points of weakness along rock fall preferential paths & Design & \(2\) \\
2 & Homologation of the structural measure & Design & \(2\) \\
3 & Corrosion of supporting elements & Maintenance, design, life span & \(1,2,4\) \\
4 & Corrosion of the net & Maintenance, design, life span & \(1,2,4\) \\
5 & Loss of effective height due to partially filled net & Maintenance & \(1\) \\
6 & Damages to supports after impacts & Maintenance, life span & \(1,4\) \\ \hline \multicolumn{4}{c}{**High energy vertical barrier fences**—Sub-type specific**} \\ \hline
7 & Loss of galvanisation of the net & Maintenance, design, life span & \(1,2,4\) \\
8 & Loss of the torque wrench locking of cables & Installation & \(3\) \\
9 & Fissures on the tubes of the energy dissipating devices & Maintenance, design, life span & \(1,2,4\) \\
10 & Deformed or loosened cables & Maintenance, life span & \(1,4\) \\ \hline \multicolumn{4}{c}{**(5) Embankments**} \\ \hline
**n.** & **Factors** & **Type** & **Category** \\ \hline \multicolumn{4}{c}{**General (earth and masonry embankments)**} \\ \hline
1 & Significant deformations due to previous impacts & Maintenance, design, installation, life span & \(1,2,3,4\) \\
2 & Instability after impact & Design, life span & \(2,4\) \\
3 & Instability of any of the faces of the embankment & Maintenance, design, installation & \(1,2,3\) \\
4 & Penetration by blocks & Maintenance, life span & \(1,4\) \\
5 & Loss of effective height due to blocks cumulated behind & Maintenance & \(1\) \\
6 & Possibility of fragments thrown over the structure & Maintenance, life span & \(1,4\) \\
7 & Possibility of blocks rolling over the upslope face & Life span & \(4\) \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}