## 1 Introduction  
In recent years, urbanization and the rapid development of large-scale infrastructure have created a huge demand for concrete and Portland cement [1]. Considering environmental protection, energy conservation, and resource benefits [2], more and more supplementary cementitious materials, including slag [3], fly ash [4], and limestone flour [5], are added into concrete as partial cement replacement material. In addition, the three supplementary cementitious materials have significant influence on the compressive strength of concrete [6]. Compressive strength is assumed to be one of the most important and essential properties of concrete, since it usually shows the overall quality of concrete [7]. Moreover, slag, fly ash, and limestone flour can enhance the durability [8; 9; 10; 11; 12], workability [10; 12; 13], and permeability [14; 10] of concrete. Slag has been successfully utilized in many countries around the world, achieving technical benefits in the construction industries in recent years [3; 15]. Meanwhile, fly ash has also been used as a partial replacement of cement in concrete because of its pozzolanic effect [4]. However, fresh concrete incorporated with fly ash and cement reacts more slowly than that incorporated with cement only at an early age, especially at a high-volume replacement, because of fly ash's lower hydration rate [16; 17]. Therefore, the maximum compressive strength of concrete incorporated with fly ash needs more time to gain [4]. Adding limestone flour into concrete as a partial cement replacement has been a research hotspot over the past two decades. One of the most common utilizations for limestone flour, cited in the open literature, is as a mineral admixture to improve workability of concrete [5; 18; 19]. Moreover, limestone flour works well in reducing the expansion associated with sulfate attacks [20] and decreases the cumulative amount of heat produced during hydration [21]. Numerous studies illustrate how the utilization of slag, fly ash, and limestone flour can improve the workability of fresh concrete and the durability of hardened concrete [6; 8; 22; 23; 24; 25] due to their pozzolanic reaction and micro-aggregate effect. Some studies have even reported that the use of slag, fly ash, and limestone flour can reduce the heat of hydration and thermal cracking of concrete [26; 27; 28]. [PERSON] [8] indicates that the use of slag can reduce the porosity of concrete and improve the compressive strength of concrete. A laboratory investigation on the optimum level of slag for the compressive strength of concrete is presented, and the results show that the compressive strength of concrete increases as the slag content increases, up to an optimal point, over which the compressive strength decreases because of the nature of slag. The optimum level of slag content for maximizing the compressive strength is around 55%-59% of the total binder content by weight. Many researchers have also studied the influence of fly ash on the compressive strength of concrete. [PERSON]. [29] has investigated the influence of high-calcium fly ash as a binary blended cement on compressive strength of self-compacting concrete, and the results indicate that binary blended cement with a high level of fly ash generally reduces the compressive strength of self-compacting concrete at all test ages (3, 7, 28, and 90 days). [PERSON] [30] has revealed that the use of fly ash as cement substitution can improve the compressive strength of slag-roller compacted concrete pavement at long-term age. Moreover, [PERSON] [31] has demonstrated the effect of ultrafine fly ash on compressive strength and durability properties of concrete containing high volume class F fly ash as partial replacement of cement. Some models have been developed to study the influence of fly ash on concrete's compressive strength.