# Carsharing Vehicle Fleet Selection from the Frequent User's Point of View
## 2 Materials and Methods
Often used as representative limousines for heads of state, companies, etc., these cars are often driven better as a rear seat passenger rather than as a driver;
* Segment S--sport coupes--a class of cars covering a very large group of vehicles. As standard, there are vehicles with a two-door or three-door coupe body,* Segment H--convertibles--cars with a folding, hard or soft roof, or completely without a roof. They can be open versions of cars included in the G segment, others are available only as convertibles or roadsters;
* Segment J--sport utility cars--cars presenting features enabling off-road driving;
* Segment M--multipurpose cars--a class of spacious cars that can take at least five people with large luggage. The research task was to determine which vehicles, in the opinion of frequent users of the services of users, should be included in the system's fleet if the operator wanted to expand it. The Polish carsharing market was not chosen by chance, as Poland is one of the fastest-growing shared mobility markets [2]. Although carsharing systems appeared in Poland quite late (in 2016) [35] compared to other European countries, the market is considered dynamic and valuable [36]. At the highest stage of system development, 17 service providers offered carsharing services in 250 cities in Poland [29]. From a financial point of view, carsharing services in 2019 generated revenues of more than PLN 50 million and in 2021 over PLN 100 million [37]. Carsharing services in Poland, despite many superlatives, also recorded many failures. These included, in addition to the financial problems of the operators, an inadequately selected fleet of cars, or the type of carsharing services provided in cities [23]. In many cases, changes in vehicle fleets appeared only as a pilot, for example, in the form of the introduction of several electric vehicles [23]. The research process included a four-stage action plan presented in Figure 1.  
The first step was to choose car models that were considered for analysis and the factors against which individual choices will be judged. The most popular, generally accessible vehicles in Europe in 2021 were selected for the analysis [38; 39; 40]. A detailed list is presented in the next chapter. Subsequently, it was necessary to determine which factors will be considered when evaluating the vehicles. To do this, a detailed literature review of global purchase reports was conducted. According to the literature, the factors most often taken into account by individual customers are [41; 42]: safety, fuel efficiency, quality, low price, suitability for everyday use, high driving comfort, good warranty, number of doors, customer service, design, spaciousness, good connectivity with smartphone and internet services, brand, environmental friendliness, good driver assistance systems, sportiness, propulsion type, size, engine capacity, color, optional equipment, number of seats, gearbox type, and boot capacity. In turn, the factors that are important when buying fleet cars for companies are [43]: size, engine performance, appearance, safety, and brand. The study focused on technical factors that could be quantified, without favoring any kind of brand. A detailed list is presented in the next chapter. The second step was to conduct expert research to determine the weights of individual factors. An anonymous, one-time research questionnaire was used in the study. The research was conducted online in June 2022. The questionnaire was addressed to a group of active and frequent users of carsharing systems, i.e., people who use carsharing up  
Figure 1: Research process. to 10 times a month. A total of 150 system users acting as experts participated in the study. These people represented a population of 200,000 system users of an analyzed company. The confidence level was 95% (\(\alpha=0.95\)). The fraction size was 0.5. In turn, the maximum error was estimated at 8%. Respondents' characteristics was presented in the Appendix A. The respondents' task was to make pairwise comparisons of the individual criteria.