## 3 Empirical Results
### Efficiency Evaluation over the Period 2018-2022  
In this stage, the forecasted data of inputs and outputs are used to obtain the efficiency scores over the future period 2018-2022. Table 5 presents the efficiency scores of 24 ICT companies during 2018-2022. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c c} \hline
**DMU** & **MAPE** & **DMU** & **MAPE** & **DMU** & **MAPE** & **DMU** & **MAPE** \\ \hline DMU1 & 2.76\% & DMU7 & 16.31\% & DMU13 & 5.2\% & DMU19 & 13.72\% \\ DMU2 & 3.19\% & DMU8 & 18.26\% & DMU14 & 12.63\% & DMU20 & 9.45\% \\ DMU3 & 12.39\% & DMU9 & 2.33\% & DMU15 & 14.44\% & DMU21 & 1.78\% \\ DMU4 & 3\% & DMU10 & 3.8\% & DMU16 & 4.13\% & DMU22 & 5.65\% \\ DMU5 & 5.97\% & DMU11 & 17.64\% & DMU17 & 6.09\% & DMU23 & 14.74\% \\ DMU6 & 11.86\% & DMU12 & 24.21\% & DMU18 & 6.36\% & DMU24 & 12.33\% \\ \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 4: Average MAPE of all DMUs. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c} \hline
**DMU** & **2018** & **2019** & **2020** & **2021** & **2022** & **Average** \\ \hline DMU1 & 1.000 & 1.000 & 1.000 & 1.000 & 1.000 & 1.000 \\ DMU2 & 1.668 & 1.630 & 1.593 & 0.345 & 0.150 & 1.077 \\ DMU3 & 0.470 & 0.422 & 0.392 & 0.336 & 0.280 & 0.380 \\ DMU4 & 0.924 & 0.876 & 1.274 & 0.802 & 0.767 & 0.928 \\ DMU5 & 1.092 & 0.916 & 0.812 & 0.721 & 0.652 & 0.839 \\ DMU6 & 0.809 & 0.711 & 0.621 & 0.559 & 0.516 & 0.643 \\ DMU7 & 0.729 & 0.624 & 0.550 & 0.499 & 0.462 & 0.573 \\ DMU8 & 1.350 & 1.739 & 1.810 & 1.678 & 1.525 & 1.620 \\ DMU9 & 1.272 & 1.265 & 1.134 & 1.046 & 1.052 & 1.154 \\ DMU10 & 6.137 & 7.163 & 9.110 & 10.764 & 11.265 & 8.888 \\ DMU11 & 1.334 & 0.960 & 0.727 & 0.636 & 0.568 & 0.845 \\ DMU12 & 0.849 & 0.769 & 0.676 & 0.607 & 0.523 & 0.685 \\ DMU13 & 0.846 & 0.802 & 0.762 & 0.667 & 0.584 & 0.732 \\ DMU14 & 0.733 & 0.549 & 0.500 & 0.490 & 0.493 & 0.553 \\ DMU15 & 1.760 & 1.940 & 2.112 & 2.158 & 2.210 & 2.036 \\ DMU16 & 0.691 & 0.622 & 0.556 & 0.508 & 0.474 & 0.570 \\ DMU17 & 0.816 & 0.845 & 0.853 & 0.917 & 1.072 & 0.901 \\ DMU18 & 0.838 & 0.868 & 0.868 & 0.849 & 0.813 & 0.847 \\ DMU19 & 1.098 & 1.069 & 1.064 & 1.062 & 1.059 & 1.071 \\ DMU20 & 0.801 & 0.745 & 0.678 & 0.631 & 0.596 & 0.690 \\ DMU21 & 1.572 & 1.659 & 1.706 & 1.725 & 1.686 & 1.670 \\ DMU22 & 0.930 & 0.808 & 0.707 & 0.669 & 0.673 & 0.757 \\ DMU23 & 1.053 & 0.985 & 0.808 & 0.733 & 0.670 & 0.849 \\ DMU24 & 0.775 & 0.716 & 0.634 & 0.573 & 0.526 & 0.645 \\ Average & 1.231 & 1.237 & 1.289 & 1.249 & 1.234 & 1.248 \\ \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 5: The efficient and inefficient index of ICT companies (2018–2022). According to data in Table 5, the average score of selected DMUs ranged from the lowest 1.231 to the highest 1.289. As observed, in the future, the ICT industry in Vietnam will perform more effectively than in the past period 2013-2017 proved by the higher average score. During the past period, the average score of 24 companies was 1.207 while this of the future years will be 1.248. However, notably, the number of efficient DMU will be significantly decreased. In the past, there were 12 out of total 24 DMUs found to be efficient, but this number will reduce to 8 over the period 2018-2022, which implies that more than half of ICT companies will operate ineffectively and perform poorly in terms of efficiency. Five DMUs that used to be efficient during 2013-2017 will turn into inefficient over period 2018-2022 (DMU3, DMU5, DMU11, DMU12 and DMU13), while 1 DMU that had the score lower than 1 during 2013-2017 (0.836) reached the score of 1.62 during 2018-2022. The decrease in the number of efficient DMU that was probably caused by the current favorable conditions to develop ICT industry in Vietnam but these conditions will not that much in the future, which force ICT companies to operate in the more competitive environment. Without the favorable conditions and policies to develop ICT industry in the future, only the company presenting well-managed inputs and outputs can effectively perform in this high competitiveness.