## 4 Results
### Derivation of Human BDS in Human Infant CHD
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c} \hline \hline  & \begin{tabular}{c} **Pretem CHD** \\ **(\(n=69\))** \\ \end{tabular} & \begin{tabular}{c} **Pretem Non-CHD** \\ **(\(n=51\))** \\ \end{tabular} & **Comparison** & \
\begin{tabular}{c} **Term CHD** \\ **(\(n=263\))** \\ \end{tabular} & **Term Control** &
\begin{tabular}{c} **Comparison** \\ **(\(n=93\))** \\ \end{tabular} \\ \cline{2-7}
**BDS Abnormalities (Dichotomous)** & \multicolumn{3}{c}{**Number of Subjects with**} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{\multirow{2}{*}{\(p\)-Value**}} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{\multirow{2}{*}{\(\mathbf{Number}\) of Subjects with**} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{\multirow{2}{*}{\(p\)-Value**}} \\  & & **Abnormality (\%)** & & & **Abnormality (\%)** & \\ \hline Bilateral Cerebellar Hemispheric Hypoplasia & 13 (18.84\%) & 1 (1.96\%) & **0.0049** & 30 (11.41\%) & 0 (0.00\%) & **0.0006** \\ \hline Bilateral Cerebellar Hemispheric Dysplasia & 7 (10.14\%) & 1 (1.96\%) & 0.0607 & 15 (5.70\%) & 0 (0.00\%) & **0.0133** \\ \hline Cerebellar Vermis Hypoplasia & 18 (26.09\%) & 3 (5.88\%) & **0.0040** & 58 (22.08\%) & 0 (0.00\%) & **<0.0001** \\ \hline Cerebellar Vermis Dysplasia & 9 (13.04\%) & 0 (0.00\%) & **0.0049** & 23 (8.79\%) & 0 (0.00\%) & **0.0019** \\ \hline Dichotomized Cerebellar Composite & 26 (37.68\%) & 3 (5.88\%) & **<0.0001** & 75 (28.52\%) & 0 (0.00\%) & **<0.0001** \\ \hline Right Olfactory Bulb & 24 (34.78\%) & 4 (7.84\%) & **<0.0001** & 127 (48.29\%) & 8 (8.60\%) & **<0.0001** \\ \hline Left Olfactory Bulb & 25 (36.23\%) & 4 (7.84\%) & **<0.0001** & 126 (47.91\%) & 9 (9.68\%) & **<0.0001** \\ \hline Right Olfactory Sulcus & 23 (33.33\%) & 1 (1.96\%) & **<0.0001** & 109 (41.44\%) & 3 (3.23\%) & **<0.0001** \\ \hline Left Olfactory Sulcus & 23 (33.33\%) & 1 (1.96\%) & **<0.0001** & 109 (41.44\%) & 2 (2.15\%) & **<0.0001** \\ \hline Dichotomized Olfactory Composite & 28 (40.58\%) & 4 (7.84\%) & **<0.0001** & 127 (48.29\%) & 9 (9.68\%) & **<0.0001** \\ \hline Hippocamp & 34 (49.28\%) & 11 (21.57\%) & **0.0019** & 117 (44.49\%) & 3 (3.23\%) & **<0.0001** \\ \hline Corpus Callosum & 10 (14.49\%) & 0 (0.00\%) & **0.0045** & 26 (9.89\%) & 0 (0.00\%) & **0.0016** \\ \hline Choroid Plecus & 30 (43.48\%) & 3 (5.88\%) & **<0.0001** & 108 (41.06\%) & 8 (8.60\%) & **<0.0001** \\ \hline Brainstem & 10 (14.49\%) & 0 (0.00\%) & **0.0045** & 25 (9.51\%) & 0 (0.00\%) & **0.0020** \\ \hline
**BDS Abnormalities (Categorical)** & \multicolumn{3}{c}{**Mean (Standard Error)**} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{\multirow{2}{*}{\(p\)-Value**}} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{\multirow{2}{*}{**Mean (Standard Error)**}} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{\multirow{2}{*}{\(p\)-Value**}} \\ \hline Supratentorial Extra-Axial Fluid & 0.9839 (0.0989) & 0.6000 (0.1069) & 0.0075 & **0.8071 (0.0495)** & 0.3516 (0.0527) & **<0.0001** \\ \hline Cerebellar Composite & 0.6812 (0.1121) & 0.0980 (0.0578) & \textless{}0.0001 & **0.4791 (0.0536)** & 0.0000 (0.0000) & **<0.0001** \\ \hline Olfactory Composite & 1.6912 (0.2693) & 0.1961 (0.1011) & \textless{}0.0001 & **2.0229 (0.1452)** & 0.2418 (0.0817) & **<0.0001** \\ \hline Subcortical BDS Composite & 4.3188 (0.4043) & 1.1569 (0.2046) & \textless{}0.0001 & **4.1141 (0.2120)** & 0.6989 (0.1268) & **<0.0001** \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular} Note: Bolded values indicate statistically significant results.  
\end{table} 
Table 1: Incidence of Subcortical Brain Dysplantation in Preterm/Term CHD and Controls. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Dependent** & **Independent** & **N-Used** & **R-Square** & \(p\)**-Value** & **Estimate** \\ \hline BDS & Sex & 490 & 0.000026 & 0.9096 & \(-0.0359\) \\ \hline BDS & GA & 487 & 0.003619 & 0.1851 & 0.058461 \\ \hline BDS & PCA & 489 & 0.001664 & 0.368 & 0.011933 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 2: Correlation of Brain Dysplasia Score (BDS) with Demographic Factors (entire cohort: Univariate Analysis).