## 5 Verification of Universality
### Example of Active Rapid Overpressure  
The Kuqa Depression is a depression with ultra-high pressure, with a maximum pressure coefficient of 2.2. There are numerous research papers on its genesis, mainly suggesting that the intense tectonic compression during the late Himalayan period is the primary factor contributing to the formation of abnormal high pressure in the Kuqa Depression [48; 49]. In fact, this region experiences active pressurization. The deposition of an extremely thick gypsum salt layer in the Miocene Jidike Formation (N\({}_{\rm{II}}\)) slows down the permeation of formation water, followed by the deposition of the Kangcun Formation (N\({}_{\rm{IK}}\)) with a thickness ranging from 200 to 1300 m. Most importantly, the Pliocene Kuqa Formation (N\({}_{\rm{2K}}\)) with a thickness of 450 to 3600 m and the Quaternary Q with a maximum thickness of 1000 m were deposited only 5.2 Ma. Both Dina 202 and Tuzi 2 in the eastern Kuqa Depression are subject to tectonic compression. The former experienced rapid deposition of N\({}_{\rm{IK}}\) + N\({}_{\rm{2K}}\) greater than 3 km, resulting in a pressure coefficient of 2.2, while the latter experienced deposition greater than 1 km, leading to a pressure coefficient of only 1.8 [50]. The pressure coefficient is controlled by the thickness of rapid deposition. This is a typical case of active overpressure.  
An abnormal high pressure was observed at approximately 3300 m in the third member of the Shahejie Formation (E\({}_{\rm{s3}}\)) in the Maxi trough, located in the northeastern part of the Raoyang sag in the Jizhong depression. The maximum pressure coefficient reached 1.37 [51]. Similar to the aforementioned Nampu Sag, the combined thickness of the Guantao Formation, Minghuazhen Formation, and Pingyuan Formation in this region exceeds 2000 m, indicating active overpressure resulting from recent rapid sedimentation and subsidence.  
If there is continuous rapid deposition combined with multiple well-sealed gypsum salt layers, the pressure coefficient will be even higher. In the Shizigou area of western Qaidam Basin, there is continuous rapid deposition and subsidence with a total thickness of 2530 m, consisting of 730 m in the Miocene, 1200 m in the Pliocene, and 300 m in the Quaternary Qigequan Formation. At well S23, which is located in the center of gypsum salt deposition, multiple gypsum salt layers are developed, with a single layer thickness of up to 164 m and a cumulative thickness of 325 m. The maximum pressure coefficient in the lower Ganchaigou Formation E\({}_{\rm{3}}\) (buried depth of about 3800 m) is 2.0, indicating ultra-high pressure [52].  
The main source rocks in the Yinggehai-Qiongdongnan Basin are the Oligocene Yacheng Formation and the Miocene Meishan and Sanya Formations, making it the basin with the strongest overpressure among the Cenozoic basins in eastern China and offshore areas. Overpressure is commonly developed below 2800-3000 m, and the measured pressure coefficient (the ratio of formation pressure to hydrostatic pressure) in some intervals is higher than 2.0 [53]. The fundamental reason is the rapid accumulation of sediment during the Quaternary, with a maximum thickness of nearly 2512 m and an extremely high deposition rate.