## 5 Discussion
### Outcome Variations from Bolivia Panel Discussions and Ecuador Training Workshops  
The events in Bolivia and Ecuador revealed both similarities and differences in their focus areas, offering insights into how each country received the information. Regarding their similarities in terms of purpose and objectives, it is important to highlight that both events clarified that the Copernicus Program extends beyond Sentinel data delivery. They also revealed that neither country was previously aware of the full range of CS, except for the CEMS rapid mapping products for emergencies. Disentangling these perceptions by showcasing high-level products was crucial for demonstrating CS's broader capabilities. However, summarizing and organizing these products from each service posed a challenge, as noted in other works [64]. Similarly, both formats encouraged audience engagement despite the gender gap (with over 65% male proportion in both countries) and varied experiences of participants from various institutions, fostering multidisciplinary discussions that could be linked to CS. In this regard, the pluralistic approach of GIS science [65] is recommended for addressing CS complexity and fully harnessing its applications, particularity in disaster response, land cover mapping, and crop monitoring, which saw notable expansion in both countries. For interested readers, the following literature presents successful training cases where these topics were studied in detail and applied in real-world scenarios: [66; 67]. It is also recommended to promote \"Women in Copernicus\" [68] and extend to Latin America as an effective approach to motivating women to participate and reducing the gender gap in capacity building. Furthermore, despite the different event formats, both effectively delivered content through presentations, speeches, data access, and application demonstrations. Ecuador, in particular, demonstrated advanced applications after the training, including the use of Copernicus data for landslide assessments, fire impacts, flood mapping, meteorological data filling, and automated crop mapping, while Bolivia emphasized its use for historical land cover monitoring, security applications, and crop monitoring. Feedback was also received through surveys and interviews, with the former being more relevant in Ecuador and the latter in Bolivia. The success of these activities depended on the proactive involvement of the training team, whose efforts ensured that the content was tailored to the specific needs and contexts of each audience. Therefore, organizers of training workshops or panel discussions should consider the roles of the training team described in this research to facilitate tasks. Additionally, we apply further recommendations, such as those described by [PERSON] et al. [69], including adapting learning designs to suit diverse cultural and institutional contexts and emphasizing a student-centered focus to enhance their organization. Integrating open-access Copernicus data with cloud-based processing tools, as demonstrated in both countries, could further streamline workflows and optimize data utilization. They should also link to existing resources in Latin American Copernicus hubs (e.g., Panama and Chile), engage with other joint e-learning platform initiatives, and consider the importance of educational resources, including video material and the use of open-source software [70; 71; 72; 73]. In terms of differences, despite both events having the same objective and purpose, the Ecuadorian training workshops imparted specific knowledge to participants, which can be evaluated and further examined. Beyond the theory, the training workshops included various exercises that mostly aligned with the interests declared in the needs and assessment survey but received mixed satisfaction among participants.