# Dynamic Response and Geogrid Strain Analysis of GRS Retaining Wall
## 5 Conclusions  
This paper is based on a large-scale model test to investigate the dynamic characteristics of GRS retaining walls. The results of the study contribute to revealing the effects of peak, average, amplitude and frequency of loads on the mechanical response and damage characteristics of GRS retaining walls under dynamic loading, and provide guidance for the design of GRS retaining walls. The main conclusions are summarized as follows:  
1. In dynamic loading, the peak load is the most significant in the mechanical response of all load factors, followed by the amplitude and average value and finally the frequency. The peak load directly affects the additional stress in the soil, which  
Figure 17: Comparison of calculated and test values. (**a**) Layer 1 geogrid. (**b**) Layer 2 geogrid. (**c**) Layer 3 geogrid.  
deforms the retaining wall facing panels and the geogrid; the load magnitude and average value both change the deformation characteristics of the wall by changing the effect between the geogrid and the soil particles, and then change the deformation characteristics of the wall facing; the load frequency changes the acceleration in the soil, but the soil particles consume it through frictional collision, so the degree of action is very small.
2. The dynamic load of lower amplitude makes the reinforced soil structure more compact through vibration, and the additional stress in the soil is mainly concentrated in the middle of the retaining wall, the bearing capacity of GRS retaining wall is increased and the deformation trend of the wall facing is \"wall facing outward curved\"; high-amplitude dynamic loads weaken the embedded locking effect between the geogrid and the soil, and the deformation of the wall surface is mainly concentrated in the middle and upper part, which shows \"wall facing outward tilt\", and the bearing capacity of GRS retaining wall is reduced.
3. The strain of the geogrid is mainly affected by the peak load, and its strain gradually becomes larger along the depth direction, and increases and then decreases along the horizontal direction. The geogrid nearest to the loading plate takes the main role in controlling the settlement, and plays an important role in the foundation bearing capacity and overall stability of the retaining wall.
4. Based on the basic theory of elastic mechanics and the deformation principle of geogrid reinforced earth retaining walls, a set of geogrid strain calculation methods under external load is established, and it provides a new method for calculating the design value of geogrid tension in the design calculation of GRS retaining walls.  
Paper revision and polishing, J.W. and Z.L.; Laboratory experiment, W.Z.; Paper writing, W.Z.; Literature research, Y.T. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.  
The project was funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 41962017), the Natural Science Foundation in Guangxi Province of China (No. 2022 GXNSFDA035081, 2021 GXNSFBA196043), the High-Level Innovation Team and Outstanding Scholars Program of Guangxi Institutions of Higher Learning of China (GuiljiaoRenCai[2020]6), the Doctoral Foundation of Guangxi University of Science and Technology (No. 03200009) and the Project to Enhance the Basic Research Ability of Young and Middle-aged Teachers in Guangxi Universities (No. 2020 KY08023)[PERSON]  
Not applicable[PERSON]  
The data presented in this study are available on request from the corresponding author.  
The authors declare no conflict of interest.