## 3 Results
### Results of Radiographic Analysis  
The results of the radiographic analysis shown in Table 3 describe the alteration of alveolar bone height and width from baseline to 4 months after ridge preservation. The average buccal bone heights (BBH) were 8.34 \(\pm\) 2.50 mm, 9.18 \(\pm\) 2.14 mm, and 8.78 \(\pm\) 1.71 mm for the Bio-Oss(r) Collagen, DDM, and rhBMP-2/DDM groups, respectively. There was no significant difference in the ridge height of the buccal plate between the three groups. During the re-entry surgery performed 4 months later, the BBHs were 7.21 \(\pm\) 2.05 mm, 8.21 \(\pm\) 1.88 mm, and 7.95 \(\pm\) 1.73 mm for the Bio-Oss(r) Collagen, DDM, and rhBMP-2/DDM groups, respectively. As in the previous case, there were no significant differences between groups. The mean lingual bone height (LBH) exhibited a similar trend, with no statistically significant difference between the three differently grafted groups 4 months after tooth extraction.  
The alterations in the alveolar ridge width at 1, 3, and 5 mm below the marginal crest (RW-1, RW-3, RW-5) were measured to be 1.68 \(\pm\) 1.11 mm (15.73%), 1.24 \(\pm\) 0.65 mm (10.47%), and 0.50 \(\pm\) 0.19 mm (3.93%) for Group A (Bio-Oss(r) Collagen); 0.78 \(\pm\) 0.41 mm (6.23%), 0.49 \(\pm\) 0.47 mm (3.43%), and 0.20 \(\pm\) 0.15 mm (1.25%) for Group B (DDM); and 1.54 \(\pm\) 0.74 mm (12,69%), 0.79 \(\pm\) 0.54 mm (6.24%), and 0.32 \(\pm\) 0.21 mm (2.39%) for Group C (rhBMP-2/DDM). At the levels of 1 and 3 mm, the groups did not show significant differences in either the postoperative ridge width or the level of decrease in width. At the 5 mm level, the decrease in ridge width was significantly different between Groups A (0.50 \(\pm\) 0.19 mm) and B (0.20 \(\pm\) 0.15 mm) (\(p<\) 0.017). All radiographic parameters were balanced among the three groups at baseline, except for the RW-5.  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c c c c} \hline \hline  & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Group A (Bio-Oss Collagen)**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Group B (DDM)**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Group C (rhBMP-2/DDM)**} \\ \cline{2-10}  & **Baseline** & **4** & **Months** & **Ratio** & **Baseline** & **4** & **Months** & **Ratio** \\ \hline \multicolumn{10}{c}{**Soft Tissue Volume (mm\({}^{3}\))**} \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{Mean \(\pm\) SD} & 1343.68 & 1117.53 & 83.39 \(\pm\) 271.5 & 1430.45 & \multirow{3}{*}{\(\pm\)} & 1162.90 & 80.99 \(\pm\) 198.8 & 1430.94 & \multirow{3}{*}{\(\pm\)} & 1171.64 & 82.09 \(\pm\) 198.8 & \\  & 328.12 & 201.42 & 201.42 & 201.42 & 242.67 & 242.67 & 242.67 & 242.67 & 242.67 \\ \cline{1-1} \cline{2-10} Median & 1500.55 & 1210.51 & 84.60 & 1421.00 & 1202.67 & 80.61 & 1383.36 & 1163.68 & 83.69 \\ \cline{1-1} Min & 739.98 & 624.91 & 75.11 & 1004.39 & 757.39 & 75.40 & 1182.92 & 815.08 & 68.70 \\ \cline{1-1} Max & 1655.29 & 1402.85 & 91.18 & 1629.35 & 1383.86 & 86.98 & 1743.84 & 1443.54 & 91.10 \\ \cline{1-1}  & \multicolumn{2}{c}{\(p<\) 0.05 \({}^{*}\)} & \multicolumn{4}{c}{\(p<\) 0.05 \({}^{*}\)} & \multicolumn{4}{c}{\(p<\) 0.05 \({}^{*}\)} & \multicolumn{4}{c}{\(p<\) 0.05 \({}^{*}\)} \\ \hline \multicolumn{10}{c}{**Hard Tissue Volume (mm\({}^{3}\))**} \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{Mean \(\pm\) SD} & 848.38 & 637.25 & 75.55 \(\pm\) 2 & 1179.75 & 892.75 & 86.12 \(\pm\)