# An Overview of Privacy Dimensions on the Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT)
## 3 IIoT and Privacy-Preserving Architectures
When such a situation occurs, machinery suppliers receive a notification so they know that maintenance is required [22; 23]. Implementing data privacy and security measures during data preprocessing, model training, and inference stages is crucial to maintaining privacy while benefiting from machine learning techniques. 6. \"Smart\" packaging [24]. Using direct materials with built-in connections, intelligent packaging delivers advanced benefits for industries. A fundamental feature of smart packaging is enabling customers to interact with it and collect data for more efficient product handling. Smart packaging may include video recipes and other demonstrations that explain the product's use. ICT and packaging interact in several ways, including sensors, Quick Response (Q.R.) codes, and augmented/virtual/mixed reality possibilities. The objective is to increase the customer value and data collection via intelligent monitoring to optimize the operations and improve efficiency [25]. Ensuring transparent data collection practices, obtaining informed consent, and implementing robust security measures helps to protect customer privacy and build trust. As can be easily seen, the development of the IIoT is a big step in realizing Industry 4.0 and the upcoming Industry 5.0, as it promotes the large-scale automation and optimization of processes related to intelligent sensors (e.g., configuration, high-volume handling of data, decision-making, etc.). But this involves significant technical difficulties due to the industrial wireless networks' large scale and complex structure. In addition, recording and transmitting large amounts of data creates severe security and privacy concerns, as some may contain sensitive industry and personal information [26]. Privacy and security in the IIoT scenario are presented in Figure 1[27]. The ADVOCATE approach aims to address data privacy and consent management in various user environments, such as smart homes, patient health monitoring systems, and activity monitoring sensors. It utilizes a portable device, like a mobile phone, to create a user-friendly interface for data subjects to interact with and manage their personal data disposal policy and consent. The architecture proposed by ADVOCATE focuses on three specific ecosystems: smart cities, industry, and healthcare. These environments often involve a wide range of sensors and devices that collect data about individuals. By using the ADVOCATE approach, data controllers can interact with data subjects through the portable device to obtain their consent for the data processing activities. In addition, in the industrial sector, the ADVOCATE approach is applied to ensure that data subjects have a say in how their personal data is processed within industrial environments. This is particularly important considering the sensitive nature of data involved in manufacturing processes, trade secrets, and industrial control systems. By using a portable device, individuals can easily manage their consent preferences and ensure that their personal data is handled appropriately. It must be noted that ADVOCATE is an ideal industry privacy paradigm by providing a user-centric and customizable framework for managing consent, data disposal policies, and privacy preferences. It helps industries comply with privacy regulations, address industry-specific privacy concerns, and empower individuals to have control over their personal data in industrial environments. Architectures that protect privacy are promising solutions to the IIoT ecosystem. Privacy-preserving architectures refer to the design and implementation of systems that prioritize the protection and preservation of user privacy. These architectures are particularly relevant in today's digital age, where vast amounts of personal data are collected, processed, and shared. The following are some commonly employed privacy-preserving architectures [26]:  
1. Privacy by Design (PbD) [28]: Privacy by Design is a framework that promotes privacy considerations throughout the entire system development lifecycle.