## 4 Results
### Oradea Road Network  
The municipality of Oradea is located in northwestern Romania and is home to more than 220,000 inhabitants. Together with the metropolitan area, the population exceeds 350,000. Moreover, more than 20,000 students are studying in the city, increasing the traffic during the university year, beginning in September and ending in July. The road network of Oradea includes a total of 879 roads with a total length of 432 km and an area of 8346 km\({}^{2}\), which represents 10% of the urban area. The road network is very dense and most roads have reduced traffic capacity, especially in historical neighborhoods and residential areas with social housing, so the road network has an excessive regulation of one-way traffic. Due to the need for parking, many major streets have reduced capacity because portions of the street are designated as parking areas. Another weakness of the road network is the insufficient number of bridges over the Crisul Repede River or rail lines. International and national transit traffic has a great impact on Oradea municipality and its urban area, as the city is located at the crossroads of national and European roads. The city is located at 9 km from the Bors national border crossing and at the intersection of the European roads E60, E671, and E79, which are crossing Europe from west to east (E60, E79) and north to south (E671). The Transylvania Highway, once built and connected to the Hungarian highway network, will accommodate a large part of transit traffic (mainly freight). Currently, truck transit traffic from four of the five main transit directions (toward Arad, Deva, Cluj, and Bors--Hungarian border) is fully handled by the bypass, but passenger transit traffic is only partially handled. In the fifth direction, to Satu Mare, all transit vehicles have to cross the residential and service area of Episcopia Bihor district. On the E60, freight traffic toward Satu Mare has increased due to the new border crossing Bors II to the Transylvania Highway. Moreover, part of the transit traffic of passenger cars on the east-west (Cluj-Bors) and north-south-west (Deva-Satu Mare) axes passes through the internal road network of the municipality, with the greatest impact in the area of Piata Independentei and Gheorghe Magheru Street.  
The following Figure 2 shows the main road network of Oradea according to the Oradea Master Plan.  
Among the main causes of traffic congestion in Oradea, we include  
* the natural barrier created by the Crisul Repede River, which divides the city into two parts;
* narrow streets, mostly one-way, in the historical center;
* the overlapping of the tram line with the roadway; and
* transit traffic, especially small vehicles on the east-west (Cluj-Bors--E60 road) and north-south-west (Deva-Satu Mare), which pass through the internal road network of the city and represent a great burden for the Independence Square and Gheorghe Magheru Street area.  
All the above elements confirm that the most critical area for traffic in Oradea is and was the area next to Dacia Bridge, Independence Square in the south and Gheorghe Magheru Street in the north. Considering the high number of accidents that occurred at the Traian Park--Dacia-Gheorghe Magheru traffic light intersection, Oradea City Hall proposed in the fall of 2019 the construction of a new underground passage under Gh. Magheru Street and the elimination of the traffic lights. Gh. Magheru Street has two lanes in each direction, one overlapping with the streetcar lines and the starting point of the street is the busiest bridge in Oradea.  
With this study, we proposed to analyze the impact of this investment on the transport infrastructure and the socioeconomic impact of the new investment on this particular area.  
Figure 2: The main road network of Oradea according to the General Urban Plan of Oradea [45].