## 1 _Article_  
Deep Learning-Based Wave Overtopping Prediction  
[PERSON] 1,*2, [PERSON] 2, [PERSON] 1, [PERSON] 2, [PERSON] 2, [PERSON] 3 and [PERSON] 4  
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The existence of a worldwide transport network and the globalization of production and consumption have fostered competition between ports to attract the largest number of customers. In order to attract more customers, port terminals must be as competitive as possible [4]. A port must be safe and efficient to be competitive. These two characteristics are not mutually exclusive, and measures to improve safety would also impact efficiency and vice versa. Besides having good shelter conditions, connections, and large surfaces for product handling and storage, the ship's stay in port must be safe, allowing it to carry out loading and unloading operations securely. Safety also includes the physical safeguard of port personnel working on port operations (besides loading and unloading cargo). The overall importance of maritime trade in the world economy due to its weight in the consumption economy, and the particular importance in the case of Spain, reveals that events that could disrupt the normal operations of a port, impacting the operation safety or performance, can have a significant negative economic impact. This importance also reveals that improvements in safety or optimization of the operations in a port can have a significant positive economic impact. A commercial port aims to harbour ships and provide safe loading areas where ships can load and unload cargo (or passengers). A loading area is only safe if the port has some large structure that shelters and protects the ships moored there from the force of powerful waves. One element a port uses to protect the loading areas is a breakwater (also known as a jetty). A breakwater is a permanent protective structure built in a coastal area to protect anchorages against waves, tides, currents, and storm surges. A breakwater achieves this protection through the reflection and dissipation of the incident wave energy. Although breakwaters may also be used to reduce coastal erosion, to protect beaches, for instance, this work focused on studying breakwaters as a port-protection structure. A breakwater may be connected to land or be freestanding and may contain a walkway or road for vehicle access. A standard breakwater section is usually composed of a core made of granular material, protected with armour layers of rockfill (or riprap, or different pieces like cubes, tetrapods, or similar elements), and covered with a superstructure of mass or reinforced concrete. The most conventional types of breakwaters are vertical, composite, and sloping (or a rubble mound). We can see these three types of breakwaters in Figure 1b (source [5]), where h is the depth at the site, and H, L, F\({}_{\text{C}}\), and B are, respectively, the characteristic wave height, characteristic wavelength, freeboard, and the representative magnitude of the breakwater width.