## 6 PV System Analysis Using PVsyst Tools  
PVsyst is a design tool that provides optimization tools for sizing grid-connected, standalone, and pumping PV systems based on the location on the map. The tool also depends on the consumer electricity profile and the demands of electricity. It also provides a financial visibility for the designed project with environmental impact measured in \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c} \hline \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**Month**} & **AC System** & **Solar Radiation** & **Irradiance** & **DC Array** \\  & **Output (kWh)** & **(kWh/m\({}^{2}\)/day)** & **(W/m\({}^{2}\))** & **Output (kWh)** \\ \hline
1 & 103.19 & 4.44 & 137.60 & 107.85 \\
2 & 95.95 & 4.55 & 127.47 & 100.29 \\
3 & 104.86 & 4.52 & 140.15 & 109.62 \\
4 & 94.78 & 4.19 & 125.55 & 99.10 \\
5 & 89.40 & 3.80 & 117.80 & 93.58 \\
6 & 85.31 & 3.77 & 113.08 & 89.36 \\
7 & 89.52 & 3.80 & 117.91 & 93.78 \\
8 & 94.33 & 4.01 & 124.28 & 98.72 \\
9 & 95.52 & 4.21 & 126.16 & 99.85 \\
10 & 98.78 & 4.21 & 130.44 & 103.25 \\
11 & 95.13 & 4.20 & 125.87 & 99.45 \\
12 & 95.95 & 4.05 & 125.55 & 100.34 \\ Total & 1142.72 & 49.74 & 1511.86 & 1195.19 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 4: Monthly global solar irradiation and the output of a 1 kW PV system. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Month** & **Demand, kWh** & **MD, kW** & **MD, MYR** & **Cost, MYR** \\ \hline JULY & 344,294 & 514 & 23,181 & 133,032 \\ AUG & 342,547 & 503 & 22,685 & 342,158 \\ SEP & 299,892 & 502 & 22,640 & 118,990 \\ OCT & 331,863 & 491 & 22,144 & 128,770 \\ NOV & 335,701 & 498 & 22,460 & 130,132 \\ DEC & 283,513 & 496 & 22,370 & 113,350 \\ TOTAL & 3,194,184 & - & - & 1,509,441 \\ Average & 274,523 & 505 * & 19,697 & 125,787 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}  
* exclude of Jan and March.  
\end{table} 
Table 3: \(Cont.\)tonnes. The program contains the latest used technology in the market, which can be selected during the sizing process. It can also calculate the loss in the system [23]. On the other hand, there are many other online program tools that help calculate the system size based on the location and demand of the user such as HOMER and PVWATT. However, PVsyst is chosen in this work for its flexibility when choosing the modules used as well as more specification details as opposed to PVWATT. The annual energy yield for the proposed PV power plant was defined as the amount of energy fed into the grid after due consideration of all kinds of generation and distribution losses. The solar PV-based power plant comprises the optical energy input (which is essentially dependent on the geographical/seasonal/climatic and operating parameters with time) and the electrical output (which depends on the technical specifications of the electrical appliances in use). Industry standard software PVsyst V6.8.1 was used for the Energy Generation Assessment. The system consisted of 810 units of 470 Wp PV modules that connected in 81 strings with 10 modules in each string connected in series. The total nominal power of the plant was 380 kWp, as shown in Table 5.  
The inverter used for this system design was a 100 kWac power inverter. Three inverters were used for the whole system. The inverters' operating system was 630-1000 V and the DC to AC power conversion ratio was 1.27, as shown in Table 6.  
The proposed 380 kW solar PV plant is expected to generate about 510 MWh of energy in the first year of operation at a net Capacity Utilization Factor (CUF) of 18% at the metering point, as per Table 7. Thereafter, an annual degradation factor of 2.5% for the first year and 0.7% thereafter in production has been considered for mono crystalline modules for financial calculations. The CUF--Capacity Utilization Factor compares 380 kW solar power plants with other 380 kW power plants that run 24 \(\times\) 7 for 365 days in terms of how much energy is generated. If the 380 kW solar power plant generates 100 s of Wh for 365 days running on 24 \(\times\) 7 and we have some 50 s of Wh at the end of our solar plant, its capacity utilization would be 50%.