# Customized Approach to Greenhouse Gas Emissions Calculations in Railway Freight Transport
## 1 Introduction  
In the past several decades, global warming has become a severe issue that needs a response in order to reduce CO\({}_{2}\) from all sectors [1]. Due to global warming, focus is given to one of CO\({}_{2}\)'s origins, which is the continuous increase in greenhouse gas (hereinafter GHG) emissions caused by various human activities [2]. There are a number of studies and reasons to analyze direct relationships between emission sources, air pollutant concentrations, and health end-points, e.g., [PERSON] et al. [3]. Next to the United States, China is the second largest source of CO\({}_{2}\) emissions in the world [4]. Organic carbon is one of the major components of ambient PM\({}_{2.5}\) (particulate matter (PM) \(\leq\) 2.5 \(\upmu\)m in aerodynamic diameter) and a significant portion of organic carbon is from secondary organic aerosol formation; results from studies suggest that the anthropogenic origin of secondary organic carbon is dominant [5]. Epidemiological studies suggest that ambient particulate matter has significant associations with adverse respiratory and cardiovascular health effects [6]. [PERSON] et al. [7] added that it is important to understand which emission sources contribute to elevated daily PM\({}_{2.5}\) levels in order to develop effective control strategies. One approachto solving this problem involves the use of green energies and the reduction of CO\({}_{2}\) emitted from all sectors [8]. On the other hand, it must also be stated that extensive forest fires, including wildfires, prescribed burnings, agricultural waste burnings, and domestic biofuel combustion are important sources of primary air pollutants and precursors of secondary pollutants too [9; 10; 11; 12]. With the improvement of people's living standards, energy consumption by the transport sector will increase dramatically and, in many areas, the environmental problems and health effects caused by the transport sector have become increasingly serious [13]. The transport sector is the second largest contributor to CO\({}_{2}\) emissions in the world [14]. Regarding the transportation sector, it emitted above one-fourth of global CO\({}_{2}\) emissions [8]. It is believed that CO\({}_{2}\) emissions from the transport sector are growing faster than total CO\({}_{2}\) emissions [15]. Freight transport is an important source of energy consumption and GHG emissions [16; 17]. The authors of this manuscript closely focus on GHG emissions from railway freight transport (hereinafter RFT) in the AI. The main purpose of the manuscript is to propose a customized approach to GHG emission calculations in RFT. The AI has been the most crucial industry of the domestic economy long-term but also of the whole European Union (hereinafter EU). The transport sector contributes about 10% of the gross domestic product in the Czech Republic [18]. Many domestic and global suppliers are connected to the AI. Suppliers participating in the automotive production chain in the Czech Republic make up 23% of the Czech Republic's industrial production [18]. Many material flows are connected to the AI (e.g., materials, car bodies, containers, finished cars), which means a lot of transport, which produces GHG emissions. Logistics with low emissions have become a preferred aim in all transport modes, especially in the EU [19; 20]. The EU is on the correct path to achieve its GHG emissions reduction goal for 2020 and yet has submitted a plan to further reduce emissions by at least 55% in 2030 [21; 22; 23]. [PERSON] et al. [24] discussed and analysed the energy consumption and carbon emissions of roads and railways in China's transport sector, and they modelled scenarios of that sector's energy consumption and carbon emissions until 2025. [PERSON] et al. [25] studied a reduction in emissions in the transport sector, discussed current trends between RFT and road and waterway freight transport, identified de-carbonation potentials for the transport sector, and predicted transport emissions under different scenarios.