## 1 Introduction
After mixing cement with soil, the minerals in the cement undergo strong hydrolysis and hydration reactions with water in the soil. At the same time, calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)\({}_{2}\)) decomposes and forms other hydration compounds. The reinforcement of soil with cement is the result of the combined action of the skeleton effect of cement and the physicochemical action of Ca(OH)\({}_{2}\). The latter causes clay particles and microaggregates to form a stable aggregate structure; cement covers these particles and binds them together into a strong whole [11]. Scholars have conducted systematic research on fundamental engineering properties, constitutive relations, field test studies, and other aspects related to cement soil. They have also summarized empirical relationships between mechanical properties such as strength and basic physical properties including cement content, water content, and compaction degree. Additionally, experimental studies have been carried out on microscopic mechanism analysis for understanding how strength is formed in cement soil through scanning electron microscope observation and X-ray diffraction analysis [12]. However, after long-term practice, we have gradually recognized the limitations of cement and other materials in their effectiveness for curing treatment. These shortcomings primarily include the high cost of cement soil; restrictions imposed by soil types, resulting in bad reinforcement effects for soft clay with a high plasticity index, as well as soils with high organic matter or salt content; and susceptibility to drying shrinkage and cracking [13]. Currently, a variety of soil stabilizers have emerged, and the corresponding mechanisms of action have been widely studied. In recent years, a large number of new soil stabilizers have emerged in the international market such as TS-100 polymer soil stabilizer and EN-1 soil stabilizer, produced in the United States; Roadpacker biological soil stabilizer, produced in Australia; ATST series soil stabilizers, produced by the UKC company of Shinagawa, Japan); ISS soil stabilizer, produced in South Africa, etc. [14]. However, in actual applications, due to the lack of sufficient construction cases and experience summaries of non-inorganic solidified materials, construction units do not know much about their properties and mechanisms. There are concerns about long-term stability and environmental impact. Therefore, in actual construction, the construction unit is often still more inclined to use cement, lime, and other traditional soil stabilizers. With the increase in our state's promotion of solid waste-based cementitious materials in the field of construction, more and more people are beginning to accept new inorganic soil stabilizers such as solid waste-based cementitious materials as a feasible scheme for soft soil reinforcement. [PERSON] et al. [15] utilized an alkali-activated fly ash geopolymer to improve the engineering characteristics of soft soil. After curing, the compressive strength of the soft soil was significantly enhanced, while its expansion and contraction characteristics were weakened. Microscopic analysis also revealed that the soft soil cured using this cementable material had a tighter and denser microstructure. [PERSON] et al. [16] employed slag, desulphurized gypsum, and calcium carbide slag to produce solid waste-based cementitious materials for solidifying marine soft soil. The experimental results indicate that the soft soil solidified using solid waste-based cementitious materials has better durability than when using cement alone. Microscopic analysis showed that C-S-H gel and ettringite formed by the solid waste-based cementitious materials in soft soil made the soil structure more dense through bonding and filling, thus improving the strength of the stabilized soil. [PERSON] et al. [17] used industrial solid wastes such as slag, desulphurized gypsum, and fly ash to prepare cemented soil.