## 4 Discussion
Although all these qualities are to some extent determined by strength [27,41,42], these results suggest that a pure relationship between isometric and ballistic force may play a role in influencing the physical performance of basketball players. Nevertheless, it is important for practitioners to consider the relative effect of both components when interpreting DSI values to obtain better insight into players' neuromuscular characteristics, training adaptations and future training directions. It is important to interpret ratio numbers alongside their component parts for several reasons. First, ratio data typically show greater measurement error compared to their individual components [43,44]. This occurs because combining multiple components compounds the potential sources of error, which can reduce reliability [45]. In addition, when tracking changes in ratio data, the ratio score can change in multiple ways, not all of which are beneficial. For instance, in the context of DSI, if both components decrease proportionally, the DSI score may remain stable. This stability might misleadingly suggest that no adaptation has occurred when, in reality, performance would likely decline due to reduced strength and ballistic capacities. Previous studies have shown that basketball players have the highest DSI scores among male collegiate team athletes [17], with studies suggesting that the average DSI value in basketball players is \(\sim\)0.90 [11; 16; 17]. Our study shows similar results with an average DSI value of 0.91 and ranging from 0.60 to 1.22. Previous research by [PERSON] et al. (2020b) reported very strong associations between DSI and IMPT peak force (\(r=-0.746\)), while small associations were reported between DSI and CM] peak force (\(r=0.297\)), showing that the IMPT peak force has more bearing on the resultant DSI ratio compared to the CMJ. Based on this, high DSI scores in basketball players may be viewed as a lack of strength ability, which is also supported by similar studies showing that basketball players are more velocity-oriented and/or force-deficient [46]. Thus, high DSI values in basketball can also be, to some extent, justified by the ballistic nature of the sport itself. Basketball is known as a \"stop and go\" sport due to many accelerations, decelerations and CoDs [18]; thus, it seems that basketball players have to develop force in a ballistic manner (jumps and accelerations) or absorb the high magnitude of force in a short time period (deceleration and CoDs). A previous study reported a decrease in DSI scores in subjects with high DSI scores after 4 weeks of strength and power training [10]. Additionally, a recent study on basketball players showed that training based on DSI is superior for improving physical performance compared to general resistance training [11]. Together with the results of this study, it seems that DSI is sensitive to detecting specific neuromuscular deficits, based on which training-related decision can be made, to improve the physical performance of basketball players. Although additional studies are needed to determine the precise benchmarks for navigating training based on DSI values, it is reasonable to assume that maximal strength is an important quality for the physical performance of basketball players. The results of this study show some weak correlations between DSI and performance metrics. As discussed in the previous paragraphs, readers must acknowledge the limitations of the ratio. An additional critique and potential reason for the weak correlations could be the selection of peak force in CMJ peak force as a component metric. DSI is originally consisting of CMJ and IMPT peak force [13]. IMPT peak force is considered a strength ability and presents an individual's maximal force-generating capacity, while the use of CMJ peak force for presenting dynamic force capacity can be a bit questionable.