# Digital Libraries: The Challenge of Integrating Instagram with a Taxonomy for Content Management
## 1 Introduction  
What are digital libraries (DLs)? According to [1], the term \"digital library\" is used in several distinct senses and is used to describe a variety of entities and concepts. The main definition of DLs is made up of two fundamental aspects [2]:  
1. DLs are correlated technical potentialities to create, search and use information. They are an extension of information storage and retrieval systems that manipulate digital data in any medium (text, images, sounds, static or dynamic images) and exist in distributed networks. The content incorporates some metadata that describe various aspects and others that consist of links to data or metadata, whether internal or external to the DL. Metadata play a key role in the organization and management of digital resources, especially when the amount of available information is high and must be indexed and catalogued for easy search and retrieval. Metadata must make the resource accessible by adding tags to the content according to a consistent pattern [3];
2. DLs are built and organized by users, and their functional capabilities support the information uses of users. They are an extension of information institutions where resources are collected, organized and accessed. The two above definitions explain what the current challenges are in the context of DLs. Therefore, the most important aspects that need to be carefully handled in DLs are [4]: interoperability, document representation, intellectual property, usability, social and economic implications, supporting network infrastructure and scalability. In this paper, we want to focus on the first two aspects of interoperability and social implication. DLs allow and facilitate the exchange of information andknowledge among people. In this sense, DLs also have a social purpose of bringing together people around educational themes. Knowledge can be seen, from an operational point of view, as a valid certainty which improves the abilities of a man to undertake efficient actions. The management of this knowledge means defining a process of applying a systematic approach to structure knowledge and making it available for sharing and reuse [5]. The use of social networks is a very important method of sharing knowledge in the context of DLs. As [PERSON] [6] defines it, DLs \"simply means making a library's space (virtual and physical) more interactive, collaborative, and driven by community needs\". The definition can be interpreted in light of the relevance of social participation among a DL's community. That very important aspect includes a lot of instruments such as social networking, tagging, blogging, social bookmarking, podcasting and so on. Among these tools, we chose to use the mobile application Instagram that allows users to insert hashtags related to the images. Each picture published on Instagram also has some metadata associated with it. In the DL context, there are heterogeneous resources (images, music, audio, databases, ebooks, audiobooks, websites, pages or social network accounts), and some of these are unstructured or described with different metadata schemas both in the analysis and in the attributes assigned to resources. The integration of resources is a complex activity due to the quantity of existing metadata schemas. Our work aims to find a relationship between the main metadata schemas by comparing them. In particular, our aim is to formalize knowledge through the creation of a metadata taxonomy built through the analysis and the integration of existing metadata schemas associated with DLs and through the interpretation and the combining of Instagram metadata and Instagram hashtags. We discussed the following questions:  
1. Is interoperability between metadata and the user-generated content (UGC) with Instagram possible? 2. Does the use of Instagram improve resource management of DLs? The final result of our work is a taxonomy, which provides innovative metadata with respect to the classification of resources, as images of Instagram and the UGC.