# Human-AI Co-Drawing: Studying Creative Efficacy and Eye Tracking in Observation and Cooperation
## 2 Literature Review
### Creative Self-Efficacy  
In the design conceptualization, the scholars compared the traditional approach with the integrated approach of the AIGC, as well as their correspondence with the HOTS. Self-efficacy is an individual's subjective evaluation of his or her ability to perform a specific task, influenced by previous experiences and self-assessment. It is considered a key mediator that influences behavioural choices, effort intensity, and decision-making. Research has shown that enhanced self-efficacy has a key positive impact on creative thinking, leading to improved learning outcomes. Traditional measures of creativity include the Torrance Creativity Test, which is one of the most widely used instruments in creativity testing and contains both verbal and graphical components that measure four dimensions: fluency, flexibility, originality, and detail [22]. It is used to assess an individual's ability to think creatively and is widely used in education, psychological research, and talent selection [22]. The Creative Behaviour Scale focuses on assessing the frequency and diversity of individuals' generation of novel ideas and their willingness to explore different possibilities. It is suitable for studying individuals' creative behaviours and creative thinking tendencies in their daily lives [23].  
The Creative Self-Efficacy Scale assesses the degree of confidence individuals have in themselves to perform creative tasks. Based on self-efficacy theory, it focuses on an individual's belief system and self-evaluation [24]. It is widely used in educational psychology and organizational behaviour research, especially in the context of innovation and creative performance. The Creative Achievement Questionnaire measures creativity by assessing an individual's creative achievement in various domains (e.g., music, writing, science, etc.) [25]. It is used to identify and assess individuals with high creative potential and applies to both adults and adolescents. The Emerson Creative Stimulation Scale was developed by [PERSON] and focuses on assessing the factors that support and hinder individual creativity in the work environment. When assessing the degree of human creativity stimulated by four different collaborative approaches during a human-AI collaborative mapping experiment, the Creative Self-Efficacy Scale (CSES) is the appropriate scale to use given the characteristics and goals of the experiment [26].  
The Creative Self-Efficacy Scale has a degree of applicability for the assessment of individual confidence. This scale focuses on assessing an individual's confidence in their ability to complete creative tasks, which is particularly important for human-AI collaborative mapping experiments, where participants may need to adapt to new technologies and ways of cooperating [26; 27]. Self-efficacy is a key factor influencing an individual's ability to attempt and persist with creative tasks. Applicable to new environments and technologies, given that human-AI cooperation is a relatively novel field, individuals' assessment of their confidence in their ability to successfully perform creative mapping in this new environment can provide important insights into understanding the impact of AI tools on creative stimulation. The scale is flexible in that the Creative Self-Efficacy Scale can be flexibly adapted to different experimental designs and cooperation styles. By making appropriate adjustments or additions to the scale, it can be made more relevant to specific human-AI cooperation settings. By assessing participants' self-efficacy in different cooperation styles, researchers can gain insights into which cooperation styles are more likely to promote participants' creative thinking and behaviours, and where participants may need more support or training. The Creative Self-Efficacy Scale has been widely used in the fields of educational psychology and organizational behaviour, illustrating its validity and reliability in assessing creative confidence in different contexts [28; 29].