###### Abstract  
The speed control of induction machines for multiple-speed handling is critical. When the vector control method is applied to induction machines, it has a significant impact on speed utilization. This strategy of operating the machine at a fixed predefined speed mode presents better results for electric vehicles. An effective model for a speed control loop is proposed in this paper, using a fixed-mode proportional integral (FM-PI) controller based on an upper and lower limit torque limiter. The power supply is fed using a lithium-ion battery with an inverter-fed mechanism. Moreover, the proposed model is validated using simulations with user-defined speed modes (40, 60, and 80 km/h). These speed modes, with different torque commands, have been considered for advanced modeling. In this model, torque is developed via a closed-loop control operation to attain the required speed assigned by the user. The sensors are used to collect data, and a multiple regression algorithm analyzes the dataset to predict input parameters (voltage (V\({}_{\text{ab}}\)), phase current (I), and torque (T)) required to achieve the desired speed mode. The efficiency of the proposed model is compared with induction motors bearing the same rating for the loaded and unloaded speed test. Effective machine parameter control is achieved by reaching the desired performance levels of 94.37% and 78.30% in a shorter time for the loaded and unloaded modes. A speed response comparison of the FOPID, KW-WOA-PID, SVR-PI, and FM-PI controller model simulation results indicates that the FM-PI speed controller guarantees better performance and displays an improvement in rising time and settling time, compared to other controllers. The implementation of different driving scenarios proves the model's effectiveness for robust speed applications. induction machine; electric vehicle; Li-ion battery; inverter; modeling and simulation; speed control; multiple regression +
Footnote †: journal: Applied Sciences  
types of steady-state and dynamic applications and play an important role in modeling an electric vehicle (EV). The continuous monitoring of various electrical and mechanical parameters of induction motors is required for the efficient performance of EVs. The IM architecture and control strategies need improved modeling, in situations where the major considerations are steady-state and dynamic response, as per system demand. Different approaches have been considered in the past for effective speed control in IM drives, such as the closed-loop vector control approach. This is applicable for variable frequency drives in which a three-phase stator current is mapped as orthogonal components to present a vector for analysis. This controls the machine in the same way as a separately activated direct current (DC) motor and replicates all its advantages with the IM. Vector control can achieve the desired level of reference speed and is equipped with faster switching to address issues that have been faced in previous designs, e.g., torque variations [2]. The research aims are as follows:  
* To operate an EV on fixed speed modes (40, 60, and 80 km/h) for diverse loaded and unloaded driving situations. * To design an efficient Li-ion DC battery-powered indirect vector-controlled IM-based EV model containing an FM-PI controller operating at user-defined fixed speed levels, with its performance monitored at predefined speed modes, as mentioned earlier. * To record data sets of input (voltage (V\({}_{\text{ab}}\)), phase current (I), torque (T)), and output (speed (\(\omega_{\text{r}}\) )) parameters and analyze them using multiple regression algorithm to achieve the desired speed mode. * EV mileage tends to improve with an EV operating in a fixed-speed mode. The FM-PI controller performance has been analyzed. The established model contributes a reliable approach to handling diverse driving situations.