# Smart Intravenous Infusion Dosing System
## 7 Conclusions  
The paper presents a smart IV infusion dosing system that enables the detection and signaling of liquid level in an IV bottle. In addition, it allows monitoring and visualization of the IV infusion process in real time from a remote location, such as a nurse room. It also enables automatic regulation and stopping of infusion flow through IV tubing. It consists \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c c c} \hline \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**System**} & **IV Liquid Level** & \multirow{2}{*}{**Alarms**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**Regulation or**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**Monitoring**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**Remote**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**Database**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**IoT**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**Score**} \\  & **Detection** & & & & & & & & \\  & & & **On/Off Valve** & & & & & & \\ \hline
[10] & yes & yes & no & yes & no & no & 3/7 \\
[17] & yes & no & yes & yes & no & no & 3/7 \\
[19] & yes & yes & no & yes & yes & no & 4/7 \\
[23] & yes & yes & no & no & yes & yes & yes & 5/7 \\
[27] & yes & yes & no & no & yes & no & 3/7 \\
[29] & yes & yes & no & no & yes & yes & no & 4/7 \\
[31] & yes & yes & no & no & yes & no & yes & 4/7 \\ SIVIDS & yes & yes & yes & yes & yes & yes & yes & 7/7 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 6: Comparison of modern detection, signaling, and monitoring IV infusion systems. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c c c c c} \hline \hline
**No.** & **1** & **2** & **3** & **4** & **5** & **6** & **7** & **8** & **9** & **10** \\ \hline
**Time (min)** & 6.90 & 6.78 & 6.93 & 6.96 & 7.03 & 7.40 & 7.10 & 6.98 & 7.02 & 7.03 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 5: Drip time of 500 mL IV saline bottle using smart IV dosing system. of three key parts: (i) the sensing and computation layer, (ii) the communication layer, and (iii) the user layer. The sensing and computation layer encompasses two systems. The first system is used for detecting and signaling the liquid level in the IV bottle. It is based on two capacitive sensors where the upper sensor detects the MAX liquid level in the IV bottle, while the lower detects the MIN 1 and MIN 2 levels. It should be noted that the price of this sensor together with the holder is below 5 EUR. The second system is based on a valve that is used to regulate and close the flow of IV infusion. Its role is to provide the prescribed time of IV therapy drip for the full effect of the drug, as well as to automatically close the flow of fluid through the IV tubing after the dripping of liquid from the IV bottle has stopped, preventing the return of blood and the clogging of the cannula. The communication layer enables the coupling and exchange of information between the first and third layers using a wireless communication module. In addition, it provides internet access, and thus enables the data from the devices of the other two layers to be stored directly on the cloud server. Moreover, placing the database on the cloud server enables the data on all patients and received IV therapies to be stored. However, if the internet connection is lost, the hardware part of the system functions separately, and thus the data is stored in the microcontroller. After the connection is reestablished, the data are sent to the cloud server and to the client (user layer). The user layer enables monitoring and visualization of the reception of IV infusion therapy for each patient individually in real time at a remote location. In addition, it allows a visual display of possible alarms in the monitoring room. Client devices, such as smartphones, computers, and tablets, can access the data by connecting to a server over the Internet. However, if communication between the cloud server and the client is interrupted, the data are not lost but are still on the server. In addition, to access the data, it is not necessary to install the application for the client, but only to enter the IP address in the browser.