## 1 Introduction  
The integration of renewable energy systems, especially solar-hydrogen systems, is becoming increasingly critical as universities seek sustainable solutions to meet their rising energy needs. Recent studies have focused on optimizing the design and implementation of these systems, with a particular emphasis on their architecture, seamless integration, and the substantial benefits they offer in promoting clean energy usage. These systems typically combine photovoltaic arrays, fuel cells, electrolyzers, and hydrogen storage, integrated with energy management systems tailored to the university's needs. Research has shown that integrating renewable energy sources with existing grid networks can significantly enhance sustainability and reliability, reducing CO2 emissions and grid dependency while providing cost savings. The optimization of these integrated systems is crucial for meeting varying energy demands, especially in rural areas. While challenges in implementation exist, the potential for sustainable energy harvesting in academic environments is promising, with benefits including increased renewable fraction, reduced emissions, and improved energy management. Solar-hydrogen systems are emerging as promising sustainable energy solutions for universities. These systems integrate solar photovoltaic technology with water electrolysis to produce hydrogen for energy storage and use. The design and implementation of such systems in university settings involve considerations of energy management, infrastructure integration, and economic viability [1; 2; 3]. While the technology shows potential for reducing campus energy consumption and achieving sustainability goals, challenges remain in terms of scalability and cost-effectiveness. According to economic calculations, the components that absorb light have a greater influence on the cost of producing hydrogen than the materials used in electrolysis. Optimized designs have the ability to produce hydrogen for less than USD 2.90 per kilogram after distribution and compression. In order to solve implementation issues and investigate the long-term effects of solar-hydrogen systems on the economy and education in university settings, more study is required [4; 5]. Solar energy is used in solar-hydrogen systems to create hydrogen, a clean, storable energy source. Photovoltaic (PV) cells are commonly utilized in these systems to provide electricity, which is subsequently utilized in electrolyzers to separate water into hydrogen and oxygen [6]. By allowing for long-term energy storage, this strategy tackles the unpredictability of renewable energy sources. These integrated solar PV-hydrogen systems can meet diverse energy needs, powering homes and vehicles while emitting only water vapor [7; 8]. Various methods for solar hydrogen production exist, including photochemical, semiconductor, photobiological, and hybrid systems. Research focuses on developing more efficient electrolyzers and advanced storage media to enhance overall system effectiveness. Solar-hydrogen technology offers potential for preserving major energy system options and supporting the transition from fossil fuels to sustainable energy sources [9]. Fault detection in solar panels is crucial for maintaining system efficiency and longevity. Recent research has focused on developing intelligent and automated methods for identifying faults in photovoltaic (PV) systems. IoT-based approaches using smart monitoring devices can detect faults in real-time, improving overall system performance [10]. Advanced techniques such as Bayesian belief networks [11] and fuzzy inference systems combined with multi-resolution signal decomposition [12] have been proposed for more accurate fault detection and diagnostics. These methods can identify various types of faults, including DC-side short-circuits, which are particularly challenging to detect under low-irradiance conditions.