###### Abstract
They can only be used to account for the number of people or localize with zone-level accuracy, which is not competitive with the centimeter accuracy provided by VLP. As for the RFID, although it has accuracy competitive with that of VLP, it requires extra devices such as RFID tags and readers, which is not convenient for users. In [15], the data from vision sensors are fused into a Bayesian network to calculate and predict the occupancy of living buildings, which is also not able to provide the user with an accurate position and requires extra devices. In brief, VLP technology is superior in high-accuracy indoor positioning, and it is convenient for the user to acquire the information without adding extra devices. However, VLC has implementation challenges that have prevented its widespread usage in real-world applications. VLC hardware currently reported in the literature is mainly based on experimental prototypes [16] and does not meet the requirements for practical deployment. To apply a VLC system in the real world, a compact size, low power consumption, compatibility with existing lighting infrastructure in homes, remote connectivity for management, and support of a smartphone as the receiver should all be taken into consideration. Therefore, there exists a need for developing a compact VLC lightbulb with a standard form factor, low manufacture cost, and plug-n-play functionality for user convenience. Moreover, supporting remote connectivity methods such as Wi-Fi and Bluetooth is also necessary for the VLC lightbulb design since they can dramatically improve the convenience of managing the lightbulbs. To compensate for the lack of acquiring high-accuracy indoor user positions in RF-based systems, implementing the VLP function through VLC lightbulbs and a smartphone is also important for real-world application. With the mentioned limitations existing in the traditional RF-based control systems and VLC system, a motivational scenario of a VLC-enabled smart home control system can be presented. From the aspect of solving the limitations, the user can be facilitated if he or she can easily manage the working state of the target device without interference from the same devices installed in the neighboring rooms. In addition, a VLC lightbulb with a standard form factor that can provide plug-n-play functionality with remote control can bring convenience to the users. Simply using the smartphone as a VLC receiver to acquire the transmitted information can contribute to applying the VLC system in the real world. Moreover, the user will be interested in finding out his or her precise 3D position in SHSs with some location-based applications such as controlling a target device by pointing a smartphone in the corresponding direction or navigating a domestic robot to a specific position. In summary, the motivations for proposing this VLC-enabled smart home control system are as follows:  
1. We aim to solve the low control accuracy problem and security issue in traditional RF-based smart home control systems. 2. We aim to solve the practical implementation problem of the VLC system and meet the requirements for real-world application. 3. We aim to solve the problem of low-accuracy indoor localization of users in SHSs by utilizing the VLP algorithm. In this paper, we address the issues of accurate and secure management of smart home devices by presenting a practical VLC-based smart home control system using a VLC-integrated LED lightbulb previously proposed by us in [17], along with a 3D indoor localization algorithm based on VLP. In the application scenario presented in Figure 1, the VLC lightbulb transmits light signals containing a unique ID, which can be decoded by the smartphone. Then, the user can control the smart devices through Bluetooth with assistance from the cloud server and without signal interference from neighboring rooms. In this application scenario, the smart devices installed in the whole control region are divided into different rooms according to the position of the VLC lightbulb.