## 2 Influential Factors on the Performance of GSP
### Admixtures
#### 2.3.2 Fibers  
Fiber plays a role in reinforcing tensile strength in GSP [87]. It can be blended into GSF in two ways: adding into OMA alone or into both OMA and HCM. However, the effect of fiber mainly works in OMA structure, as there is no obvious advantage showed by the latter method [78].  
Nevertheless, it is possible that fiber may harm GSP. GSP samples with 0.3% loose cellulose fiber show a high abrasion loss, which is difficult to meet the requirement as a  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c c c} \hline \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**Categories**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**Citations**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**Ingredients**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**Blending Method**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**Dosage 1 [\%]**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**Rutting Test [times/mm]**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**Methods**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**Tensile Strength**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**Tensile Strain**} \\  & & & & & & & \(-\)**10 °C** [MPa] & \(-\)**10 °C** [MPa] \\ \hline Fibre & [PERSON] et al. [78] & PVA fiber & \multirow{2}{*}{Into cement} & \multirow{2}{*}{F/C = 5} & \multirow{2}{*}{N/A} & Small beam & \multirow{2}{*}{9.16} & \multirow{2}{*}{3656.82} \\  & [79] & solution & & & & & & \\ \hline Interface & [PERSON] et al. [79] & Silane coupling & \multirow{2}{*}{Into cement} & \multirow{2}{*}{I/C = 0.4} & \multirow{2}{*}{N/A} & Small beam & \multirow{2}{*}{6.97} & \multirow{2}{*}{\(\approx\)1025} \\ modifier & & & & & & & & \\ \cline{2-6}  & [PERSON] et al. [76] & Silane coupling & \multirow{2}{*}{Into cement} & \multirow{2}{*}{I/C = 0.5} & \multirow{2}{*}{16,578.95} & Small beam & \multirow{2}{*}{7.17} & \multirow{2}{*}{1826.72} \\  & & agent & & & & & & \\ \hline Emulsified & [PERSON] et al. [80] & Cationic emulsified asphalt & \multirow{2}{*}{Into cement} & \multirow{2}{*}{A/C = 31.3} & \multirow{2}{*}{N/A} & Small beam & \multirow{2}{*}{11.05} & \multirow{2}{*}{3159.26} \\  & [PERSON] et al. & & & & & & & \\ \cline{2-6} asphalt & [PERSON] et al. & Emulsified asphalt & \multirow{2}{*}{Into cement} & \multirow{2}{*}{A/C = 30} & \multirow{2}{*}{N/A} & Small beam & \multirow{2}{*}{6.56} & \multirow{2}{*}{1446} \\  & & & & & & & & \\ \cline{2-6}  & [PERSON] et al. [76] & Cationic emulsified asphalt & \multirow{2}{*}{Into cement} & \multirow{2}{*}{A/C = 5} & \multirow{2}{*}{42,000} & Small beam & \multirow{2}{*}{6.98} & \multirow{2}{*}{2133.29} \\  & & & asphalt & & & & & \\ \hline  & [PERSON] et al. [82] & Waterborne & \multirow{2}{*}{Into cement} & \multirow{2}{*}{E/A = 60; C/A = 55} & \multirow{2}{*}{N/A} & Small beam & \multirow{2}{*}{6.18} & \multirow{2}{*}{2662} \\  & [PERSON] et al. & epoxy- & emulsified & & & & & \\ \cline{2-6}  & & asphalt & & & & & & \\ \cline{2-6} Combination & \multirow{2}{*}{Modified Agent-100} & \multirow{2}{*}{Into asphalt} & \multirow{2}{*}{N/A = 14} & \multirow{2}{*}{N/A} & Semi- & \multirow{2}{*}{12.91} & \multirow{2}{*}{N/A} \\  & [PERSON] et al. [83] & Modified Agent-100 & \multirow{2}{*}{Into asphalt} & \multirow{2}{*}{N/A = 14; F/A = 0.2} & & & \\ \cline{2-6}  & & incorporated fiber & & & & & & \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular} \({}^{1}\) A = Asphal; C = Cement; P = Polymer; E = Epoxy; F = Fibre; I = Interface modifier; M = Modifier.  
\end{table}
Table 9: \(Cont.\)surface course [46]. Moreover, the tensile strength of fiber-modified GSP may decrease sometimes, even though the fatigue life was increased [83]. The reason is unknown.