## 3 Results
### General Prevalence of Dental Anomalies  
Studied (\(n=513\)), at least one of the 14 examined dental anomalies was involved. The prevalence of each studied dental anomaly appears in Table 2. Tooth impaction (13.5%) was the most frequent anomaly, and fusion and transmigration were the least frequent (0.2% each). The prevalence of seven dental anomalies was less than 1%. These anomalies included Gemination, Fusion, Taurodontia, Dilacerations, Submerged teeth, Transmigration and Odontoma.  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c} \hline \hline
**Dental Anomaly** & **Diagnostic Criteria** \\ \hline Missing teeth & Lack of development of one or more permanent teeth. \\ \hline Supernumerary teeth & An excess in the normal number of permanent teeth due to the development of additional teeth. \\ \hline Peg-shaped teeth & A tooth with an incisor mesio-distal width smaller than its cervical width [33]. \\ \hline Fusion & Union between two separate tooth buds during dental development involving the crowns and/or the roots [34]. \\ \hline Gemination & Inadequate division of a tooth germ, resulting in the formation of two partially or completely separated crowns with one root and one root canal. It is clinically characterized by incisal \\  & notching on an enlarged crown [34]. \\ \hline Transposition & Interchange in the position of two adjacent permanent teeth in the same quadrant of the \\  & dental arch [35]. \\ \hline Transmigration & Movement of an impacted tooth across the jaw midline [36]. \\ \hline Ectopic & An erupted tooth that is not in its proper position in the dental arch (e.g., the tooth is located \\  & mesially/distally or vestibularly/orally outside the dental arch [37]. \\ \hline Impaction & Interruption in the eruption of a tooth caused by a clinically or radiographically detectable \\  & physical barrier in the eruption path, or because of an abnormal position of the tooth [38; 39]. \\ \hline Submerged & A deciduous erupted tooth that failed to reach the occlusal level of the fully erupted adjacent \\  & teeth by at least 2 mm. \\ \hline Retained & Failure of the primary tooth to exfoliate at the proper developmental stage (more than one year \\  & late to erupt from its permanent successor) [39]. \\ \hline Dilacerations & Teeth with bends or changes in the long axis of their crowns, crown-roots, or roots. This is usually \\  & following trauma to the developing tooth bud. \\ \hline Taurodontism & The furcation areas on the molar teeth are located more epically than normal, and the pulp \\  & chamber appears elongated as a result. This anomaly is detected in radiographs and is seen in \\  & both dentitions, but is morecommon in the permanent dentition [2]. \\ \hline Odontoma & An odontoma is a tumor-like malformation that contains elemental tooth matrix materials [40]. \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}
Table 1: Dental anomalies considered in the current study and their diagnostic criteria.  
The distribution of dental anomalies between the genders is shown in Table 2. It was found that the prevalence of dental anomalies was significantly higher (\(p\) < 0.001) in males, according to the chi-square test. Interestingly, (37.9%) of the 195 participants from the male group presented the presence of a dental anomaly, compared with 23.9% of the 318 women who participated in this study.