# Impact of Plasma Combustion Technology on Micro Gas Turbines Using Biodiesel Fuels
## 4 Conclusions  
The B75 blended fuel satisfied most of the stated objectives. The necessary fuel properties, such as a flashpoint value of 62 \({}^{\circ}\)C, were closest to those of fossil kerosene. These results demonstrate the potential application of biodiesel products from sheep fats as bio-renewable organic fuel to operate the assembled 50 kW (67 hp) MGT engine in the laboratory. The high lubricity and viscosity of the biodiesel blended mixture assisted in reducing engine wear, achieving a high-pressure increment of 0.5 (psi) and improved GTE power efficiency. The blended biodiesel fuels produced minimal soot during combustion for better engine performance and a reduction in fuel consumption by 9%.  
GTE operation under integrated plasma at the compressor inlet positively impacted the system performance efficiency, with increases in internal and external combustion temperatures of 13.3 \({}^{\circ}\)C and 8.1 \({}^{\circ}\)C, respectively. The B100 and B75 biodiesel blended fuels improved the combustion of hydrocarbons and toxic nitrogen gas content, with low emissions of CO, CO\({}_{2}\), NO, and NO\({}_{2}\) across all biodiesel blended fuels compared to the fossil kerosene and diesel fuels. The achieved GHG emissions were, on average, 0.07% for CO, 3% for CO\({}_{2}\), 5% for NO, and 10% for NO\({}_{2}\). The engine test obtained the lowest value of sulfur, carbon, and nitrogen contents, which was a better performance than that of fossil diesel.  
The thrust value under standard conditions is 1.7-4.2 kgf, compared to 1.8-4.35 under an integrated plasma system. The obtained average thermal efficiency is between 15 and 18% for biodiesel. In this study, we achieved a set objectives for the potential of biodiesel as an alternative renewable fuel source for gas turbine operation. Future studies should conduct tests on the durability of engine parts for practical biodiesel usage.  
The following are the contributions of this work to the existing body of knowledge.  
1. Successful fabrication and assembly of a laboratory-scale MGT engine with external integrated plasma torch technology and an ultrasonic atomizer at the compressor inlet of the testbed MGT engine.
2. Comparative reduction in the GHG emissions of NO\({}_{2}\), SO\({}_{2}\), and CO achieved by introducing plasma combustion technology for the MGT engine using biodiesel fuel as opposed to conventional approaches.
3. Performance improvement of MGT at a reduced operational cost.  
Figure 12: Sulfur content comparison plot.  
**Author Contributions:** Conceptualization, A.F.; Resources, A.A. and A.N.; Supervision, N.M.A., M.K.A.B.M.A. and H.A.A.A.; Writing--original draft, A.M.R.N.A. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.  
**Funding:** This research received no external funding. Self founding ([PERSON]).  
**Institutional Review Board Statement:** Not applicable.  
**Informed Consent Statement:** Not applicable.  
**Data Availability Statement:** Experimental data with the main author.  
**Conflicts of Interest:** The authors declare no conflict of interest.