# A Review of Fault Diagnosing Methods in Power Transmission Systems
## 5 Comparison of Fault-Type Classification Methods
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c} \hline \hline
**No.** & **Algorithm** & **Input** & **Test System** & **Feature** & **Complexity** & **Result** & **Ref.** \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{1} & \multirow{3}{*}{FNN} & Voltage and current samples & Double circuit TL of 100 km & The sampling frequency is 1.1 kHz. & \multirow{3}{*}{Simple} & 7 ms is the fault-type & [100] \\  & & current samples & length. Operated at 380 kV & 30 input nodes, two hidden layers, and 11 output layer nodes. & & \\  & & & Training patterns are 45000. & & & \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{2} & \multirow{3}{*}{Back-propagation network classifier} & \multirow{3}{*}{Volage and current samples} & \multirow{3}{*}{Double circuit 128 km long TL with 35 CVA and five CVA generations, respectively} & 800 Hz is the sampling frequency and & & \\  & & & results obtained via three simple data windows. & & \\  & & & methods. & windows. & & \\ \cline{1-1}  & \multirow{3}{*}{Fuzzy logic and WT-based method} & \multirow{3}{*}{Current signals} & \multirow{3}{*}{50 Hz, 300 km long TL, operate at 400 kV} & \multirow{3}{*}{Complex} & \multirow{3}{*}{\begin{tabular}{} \end{tabular} } & \multirow{3}{*}{Simple} & Misclassification rate is less than 1\% & [101] \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{4} & \multirow{3}{*}{Fuzzy logic} & \multirow{3}{*}{Current signals} & \multirow{3}{*}{50 Hz, 300 km long TL, operate at 400 kV} & 4 5 kHz is selected as sampling rate and & & \\  & & & DBs mother wavelet is used. & & \\ \cline{1-1}  & & & & DBs mother wavelet is used. & & \\ \cline{1-1}  & & & & Wavelet is dissolved into four levels. & & \\ \cline{1-1}  & & & Online FC is done. & & & \\ \cline{1-1}  & & & Fast, robust and accurate FC is obtained. & & & \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{4} & \multirow{3}{*}{Fuzzy logic} & \multirow{3}{*}{Current signals} & \multirow{3}{*}{50 Hz, 300 km long TL and operate at 400 kV} & Digital distance protection is & \multirow{3}{*}{Medium} & \multirow{3}{*}{\begin{tabular}{} \end{tabular} } \\  & & & implemented. & & \\ \cline{1-1}  & & & & & \\ \cline{1-1}  & & & & & \\ \cline{1-1}  & & & & & \\ \cline{1-1}  & & & & & \\ \cline{1-1}  & & & & & \\ \cline{1-1}  & & & & & \\ \cline{1-1}  & & & & & \\ \cline{1-1}  & & & & & \\ \cline{1-1}  & & & & & \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{5} & \multirow{3}{*}{ST and PNN} & \multirow{3}{*}{Current signals} & \multirow{3}{*}{50 Hz, 300 km long TL, Dyrene at 220 kV with 300 km long TL, Dyristor-controlled series} & Standard deviation and energy are the features. & & \\ \cline{1-1}  & & & & & \\ \cline{1-1}  & & & & & \\ \cline{1-1}  & & & & & \\ \cline{1-1}  & & & & & \\ \cline{1-1}  & & & & & \\ \cline{1-1}  & & & & & \\ \cline{1-1}  & & & & & \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{6} & \multirow{3}{*}{SVM} & Post-fault current and dalage signals & 50 Hz, 300 km long TL & SVM-1 and SVM-2 are trained and tested with 300 datasets for ground detection and phase selection, respectively. & & \\ \cline{1-1}  & & & & & \\ \cline{1-1}  & & & & & \\ \cline{1-1}  & & & & & \\ \cline{1-1}  & & & & & \\ \cline{1-1}  & & & & & \\ \cline{1-1}  & & & & & \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{2} & \multirow{3}{*}{ST and PNN} & \multirow{3}{*}{Current signals} & \multirow{3}{*}{50 Hz, 300 km long TL, operate at 400 kV} & \multirow{3}{*}{Complex} & \multirow{3}{*}{\
\begin{tabular}{} \end{tabular} } & \multirow{3}{*}{
\begin{tabular}{} \end{tabular} } \\  & & & & \\ \cline{1-1}  & & & & & \\ \cline{1-1}  & & & & \\ \cline{1-1}  & & & & & \\ \cline{1-1}  & & & & & \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 2: Comparison of different fault-type classification methods. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c c} \hline \hline
**No. ** & **Algorithm** & **Input** & **Test System** & **Feature** & **Complexity** & **Result** & **Ref. ** \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{7} & Field-programmable gate array (FPCA) with WT. & Current signals & 50 Hz, 300 km long TL and operate at 400 KV & 2 kHz is the sampling frequency. & \multirow{4}{*}{Complex} & FC time is 6 ms with 100\% accuracy & [106] \\ \cline{4-7}  & & & & & 2 kHz is the sampling frequency.