## 2 The Phytochemistry of _Artemisia annua_ L. (Qinghao)
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{|l|l|l|l|} \hline
**Structure** & **Name** & **Alternative Name(s)** & **CAS Number** & **References** \\ \hline CH\({}_{3}\)CH\({}_{2}\)CH\({}_{3}\)CH\({}_{2}\)CH\({}_{3}\) & 2-Methylbutanoic acid (**99**) & & [868-57-5] & [22] \\ CH\({}_{3}\)CH\({}_{2}\)CH\({}_{3}\)CO\({}_{2}\)CH\({}_{3}\) & 2-Methylbutanoic acid, ethyl & Ethyl 2-methylbutyrate & [7452-79-1] & [22, 32] \\  & ester (**100**) & & [2463-63-0] & [24] \\ CH\({}_{3}\)CH\({}_{2}\)CH\({}_{3}\)CO\({}_{2}\)O & 2-Methylbutanoic acid anhydride & 2-Methylbutyryl & [1519-23-9] & [50] \\ CH\({}_{3}\)CH\({}_{3}\)CO\({}_{3}\)(CH\({}_{3}\))\({}_{4}\)CH\({}_{3}\) & Amyl 2-methylbutyrate (**102**) & Pentyl 2- & [68039-26-9] & [43] \\ CH\({}_{3}\)CH\({}_{2}\)CH\({}_{3}\)CO\({}_{2}\)CH\({}_{2}\)CH\({}_{3}\)CH\({}_{2}\)CH\({}_{3}\) & 2-Methylbutanoic acid, 2-methylbutaryl ester (**103**) & 2-Methylbutaryl 2-methylbutaryl & [2445-78-5] & [31] \\ \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 7: Branched Aliphatic Carboxylic Acids, Esters and Anhydrides. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{|l|l|l|l|l|} \hline
**Structure** & **Name** & **Alternative Name(s)** & **CAS Number** & **References** \\ \hline CH\({}_{3}\)CH\({}_{2}\)CH\({}_{3}\)CH\({}_{2}\)CH\({}_{3}\) & 2-Methylbutanoic acid (**99**) & & [868-57-5] & [22] \\ CH\({}_{3}\)CH\({}_{2}\)CH\({}_{3}\) & 2-Methylbutanoic acid, ethyl & Ethyl 2-methylbutyrate & [7452-79-1] & [22, 32] \\  & ester (**100**) & & [2463-63-0] & [24] \\ CH\({}_{3}\)CH\({}_{2}\)CH\({}_{3}\)CO\({}_{2}\)O & (**101**) & & [60784-31-8] & [50] \\ CH\({}_{3}\)CH\({}_{2}\)CH\({}_{3}\)CO\({}_{3}\)(CH\({}_{3}\))\({}_{4}\)CH\({}_{3}\) & Amyl 2-methylbutyrate (**102**) & & [5910-87-2] & [19] \\ CH\({}_{3}\)CH\({}_{2}\)CH\({}_{3}\)CO\({}_{2}\)CH\({}_{2}\)CH\({}_{3}\) & 3-Nonnon-2-one (**76**) & & [14309-57-0] & [24] \\ CH\({}_{3}\)CH\({}_{3}\)CH\({}_{3}\)CH\({}_{4}\)CH\({}_{2}\) & 2-Decenal (**77**) & & [3913-71-1] & [24] \\ CH\({}_{3}\)CH\({}_{2}\)CH\({}_{4}\)CH\({}_{3}\)CH\({}_{4}\)CH\({}_{4}\)CH\({}_{5}\)CH\({}_{6}\) & 2,4-Decadienal (**78**) & & [2363-88-4] & [24] \\ H\({}_{2}\)C=CH\({}_{3}\)CH\({}_{2}\))CHO & 10-Undecenal (**79**) & & [112-45-8] & [24] \\ \hline _Carboxylic acids and esters_ & & & \\ \hline CH\({}_{3}\)CH\({}_{2}\))\({}_{3}\)CH\({}_{2}\)CH\({}_{3}\)CH\({}_{2}\)CH\({}_{3}\) & Oleic acid (**80**) & & [27]-9- & [112-80-1] & [28, 63, 64] \\ CH\({}_{3}\)(CH\({}_{2}\))\({}_{3}\)CH\({}_{2}\)CH\({}_{3}\)CH\({}_{2}\)CH\({}_{3}\) & Methyl 9-octadecanoate (**81**) & & Methyl elaidate & [2462-84-2] & [24] \\ CH\({}_{3}\)(CH\({}_{2}\))\({}_{3}\)CH\({}_{2}\)CH\({}_{3}\)CH\({}_{2}\)CH\({}_{2}\)CH\({}_{3}\)OH & 9-Octadecenoic acid, 2,3-dihydroxypropyl ester & & [251983-54-7] & [24] \\ CH\({}_{3}\)(CH\({}_{2}\))\_Artemisia annua_ contains relatively few polyacetylenes by comparison with other members of the genus _Artemisia_ (and also as compared to other members of the Asteraceae family). The only two such compounds to be reported to date are ponicaepoxide (**121**) and annualieporoxide (**122**), which have been isolated from both leaves [67] and seeds [9] of _A. annua_. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{|l|l|l|l|l|} \hline
**Structure** & **Name** & **Alternative Name(s)** & **CAS Number** & **References** \\ \hline _Hydrocarbons_ & & & & \\ \hline H\({}_{2}\)C=CHC(CH\({}_{3}\))\({}_{3}\) & 3,3-Dimethyl-1-butene (**108**) & _tert_-Butylethylene & [558-37-2] & [20] \\ H\({}_{2}\)C=CHCH(CH\({}_{3}\))\({}_{2}\) & 2,4-Dimethyl-2-pentene (**109**) & & [625-65-0] & [24] \\ CH\({}_{3}\)CH=CHCHCH(CH\({}_{3}\))CH\({}_{3}\) & _trans_-4-Methyl-2-hexene (**110**) & & [3683-22-5] & [20] \\ \hline _Aldehydes_ & & & \\ \hline CH\({}_{3}\)(CH\({}_{2}\))\({}_{4}\)CH=CH(CHO(CH\({}_{2}\)))CH\({}_{3}\) & 2-Butyl-2-ocetnal (**111**) & & [13019-16-4] & [24] \\ (CH\({}_{3}\))\({}_{4}\)C=CHCH=CH(C=OCH\({}_{3}\)) & 6-Methyl-3.5-heptadien-2-one (**112**) & & [16647-04-4] & [66] \\ \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 8: Branched Alkenic Hydrocarbons and Aldehydes.