## 5 Control Strategies  
Advanced tracking technologies and experimental designs have significantly improved the granularity of pedestrian behavior analysis. [PERSON] and [PERSON] [59] introduced PeTrack as a video-based tracking system to record precise pedestrian trajectories. The integration of this method in transport studies [57] allows for the mapping of density, velocity, and directional flow to detect conflict zones. Furthermore, spatial behavior is \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c} \hline \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**Method**} & **Technology and Model Study** & **Strengths** & **Limitations** & **Applications in PTI Planning** \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{PeTrack} & \multirow{4}{*}{[PERSON] and [PERSON] [59]; [PERSON] and [PERSON] [56]} & High accuracy in real-time pedestrian tracking; excellent for detailed trajectory and interaction analysis; suitable for inclusion of PRMs (passengers with reduced mobility) & \multirow{4}{*}{Requires controlled experimental setup and extensive video} & Evaluate actual behavior and space use; supports \\  & & & & \\ \cline{1-1}  & & & & \\ \cline{1-1}  & & & & \\ \cline{1-1}  & & & & \\ \cline{1-1}  & & & & \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{Legion} & \multirow{4}{*}{[PERSON] [61]; [PERSON] et al. [62]} & Widely used for station layout simulation; can model behavioral rules and group dynamics; visually rich outputs & Less suited for real-time data capture; depends on assumptions for behavior modeling & Support conceptual and operational planning; test layout alternatives before implementation \\ \cline{1-1} \cline{2-5}  & & & & \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 2: Experiment assessment method comparison main studies. affected by variables such as platform geometry [35], the presence of obstacles like platform edge doors [26], and passenger characteristics including mobility impairments [56]. Accessibility for passengers with reduced mobility (PRMs) is emphasized by national regulations [68; 69; 70] and international studies [71]. These frameworks promote universal design principles, supported by evidence that PRMs require additional space and time to navigate PTIs [57]. Studies have also explored the role of safety features such as tactile paving and yellow lines at platform edges [23] and the psychological effects of crowding and proximity [34; 37]. Recently, an experimental approach was adopted by [PERSON] et al. [72], who integrate LOS metrics, trajectory mapping, and accessibility assessments into a holistic evaluation of crowd management at the PTI in metro stations. The study evaluated the infrastructure accessibility and LOS on metro station platforms through real-scale laboratory experiments simulating two scenarios: a control condition and one featuring accessible design improvements (e.g., floor markings and expanded spaces for PRMs). Researchers recorded and analyzed pedestrian trajectories to assess movement efficiency and interaction patterns. The results showed that participants in the control condition had significantly higher travel times and interpersonal interactions, particularly in conflict areas near the train doors. One of the most notable findings was that the accessible design scenario led to a 35% reduction in the average travel time and a 23% decrease in pedestrian interactions. Participants tended to redistribute more evenly across the platform, reducing congestion in central zones and allowing for smoother boarding and alighting flows. The enhanced visual cues (e.g., floor markings) improved spatial awareness, helping guide individuals away from conflict-prone zones. The researchers also reported improvements in pedestrian velocity and directional stability in the accessible condition, indicating not just faster but more organized movement. These results support the integration of simple, cost-effective infrastructure modifications as a means to enhance the LOS and accessibility at the PTI in metro stations.