## 4 Results
### Long-Duration Operation Test (LDOT)  
The third important step after the space environment test was the long-duration operation test (LDOT). The main objective was to validate the software design of the camera payload. Every mission scenario was executed with multiple parameter combinations: number of images, image format, exposure time, gain, and compression quality. Several days were spent running the LDOT, finding software bugs, and resolving them. The critical point of this test was to calculate the exact timing of mission execution. For instance, the camera sensor needs enough time to copy the image data into the flash memory of CCB before cutting off the power line. Due to the limited speed of the LAN chip used (10 Mbps), the mission command had to be sent ahead of time from the OBC. That was also to guarantee that the image was captured by the camera at the targeted location. Moreover, the power consumption during the LDOT was observed and plotted, simulating four passes of KITSUNE in space (Table 2). The satellite was connected to a power supply where it was programmed for charging and discharging conditions to precisely verify the mission feasibility. Finally, the test was only monitored thoroughly using the GS setup in the cleanroom, with the serial cable connected to KITSUNE for any debugging issues. A complete main camera mission was tested in four passes. The first pass was when the camera payload captured six photos at the desired time and coordinates. Before the sensor was turned on, the ADCS was set to nadir (or target) pointing mode an hour ahead. The 12-V power line was designated for the camera sensor, and CCB used the 5-V line. The result of the overall energy consumption during the first pass was recorded at 2.90 Wh for 1400 s. In addition to this pass, the CCB was programmed to convert PNG images into JPG format files and autonomously generate thumbnails. The mission plan was to downlink the thumbnails via UHF communication first before deciding to retrieve the complete targeted PNG/JPG image data through the C-band. The thumbnails and JPG images were downloaded in the second pass through UHF and C-band communications. The unregulated power1 (for UHF) and unregulated power2 \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c} \hline \hline  & \multicolumn{4}{c}{**Pass**} \\ \cline{2-5}  & **1** & **2** & **3** & **4** \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{Purpose} & Camera & Downlink & Downlink PNG & \multirow{3}{*}{Deep-learning execution} \\  & Camera & thumbnails and & image via & \\  & capture & JPG image & C-band & \\
12 V & + & \(-\) & \(-\) & \(-\) \\
5 V & + & + & \(-\) & \(+\) \\ Unregulated power1 & \(-\) & + & \(+\) & \(-\) \\ Unregulated power2 & \(-\) & + & \(+\) & \(-\) \\ Total duration (s) & 1400 & 130 & 512 & 137 \\ Peak power (W) & 18.40 & 20.10 & 23.14 & 5.31 \\ Energy & 2.90 & 2.81 & 2.33 & 0.10 \\ consumption (Wh) & & & & \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 2: Summary of mission execution in four passes during the long duration operation test (“+” means turn on and ”\(-\)” means turn off). (for C-band) were mainly used and consumed 2.81 Wh. The thumbnails were retrieved and selected first before downlinking the corresponding JPG image via the C-band. Later, high-quality PNG image data was downloaded in the third pass. In summary, the complete mission from capturing six PNG photos to downlinking them through the UHF and the C-band took three satellite passes, including several margins, as shown in the LDOT result in Table 2.  
At the final pass of the LDOT, the DL algorithm for wildfire classification was tested. Three pre-trained CNN models have been used onboard KITSUNE: ShallowNet, LeNet, and MiniVGGNet. The objective was to identify which models are applicable and to correctly classify the images captured by the payload. A complete cycle of DL execution, from classifying images to saving the processed image data into the C-band flash memory, was shown in this LDOT (Figure 9).