## 3 Results and Analysis
### Test Programme Results
#### 3.1.1 Direct Observations  
By reading the entry at the same place in each table (i.e., with the same W/B ratio and T), we can deduce that when BJPA is used as a cementitious material, _the mortar's CS decreases as the substitution ratio (SR-BJPA) increases._ In all tables, the CS decreases with an increase in the W/B ratio, which is expected. Our observations are consistent with a previous report [19]. These observations lead to the presumption that _a high W/B ratio combined with a high SR-BJPA may result in a low CS_. This can be observed in Tables 7 and 8, with the SR-BJPA fixed at 20% or 30%. In these two tables, when the W/B ratio was raised to 0.6, the CS of the samples fell under 20 MPa or just slightly above 20 MPa (i.e., the CS decreased considerably). This is expected because a large amount of BJPA and water means a decrease in the cement content, which can deter the hydration reaction. In addition, _the curing temperature matters_. When fixing other settings (the W/B ratio, T, and #days), the CS of a sample with any amount of BJPA cannot be higher than the CS of the sample without BJPA. However, Tables 5 and 6 show that samples with SR-BJPA = 5% or 10% cured at 50 \({}^{\circ}\)C or 75 \({}^{\circ}\)C (i.e., at temperatures increased by +25 \({}^{\circ}\)C or +50 \({}^{\circ}\)C compared to the room temperature (25 \({}^{\circ}\)C)) exhibited higher CS than the control group (cured at 25 \({}^{\circ}\)C without any BJPA addition; see the three entries in Table 3). When 5% BJPA is added, as long as the sample is cured at higher temperatures, the CS is higher than that of the control group (Table 5). On the final day (#days = 120), for a W/B ratio of 0.4, values of 69.0 MPa (T = 50 \({}^{\circ}\)C) and 69.6 MPa (T = 75 \({}^{\circ}\)C) are obtained (Table 5), both being greater than 65.2 (T = 25 \({}^{\circ}\)C; Table 4). The same is true for W/B ratios fixed at 0.5 or 0.6 (66.9 and 68.5 > 64.7; 59.7 and 62.5 > 51.6). When 10% BJPA is added, the CS value is close to that of the control only when the sample is cured at the highest temperature (T = 75 \({}^{\circ}\)C). For a W/B ratio of 0.4, the CS is 64.8 (T = 75 \({}^{\circ}\)C, #days = 120; Table 6), which is close to the CS (65.2) of the control group (T = 25 \({}^{\circ}\)C, #days = 120, no BJPA added; Table 4). For a W/B ratio of 0.5, the CS is 63.5 (T = 75 \({}^{\circ}\)C, #days = 120; Table 6), which is close to the CS (64.7) of the control (T = 25 \({}^{\circ}\)C, #days = 120; Table 4). The only exception occurs for the highest W/B ratio (0.6) because the CS of the sample (47.1) is substantially (-9%) lower than that of the control group (51.6; T = 25 \({}^{\circ}\)C and #days = 120, Table 4) even when cured at the highest temperature (T = 75 \({}^{\circ}\)C). \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c c} \hline \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**W/B**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**T (\({}^{\circ}\)C)**} & \multicolumn{6}{c}{**\#days =**} \\ \cline{3-8}  & & **3** & **7** & **28** & **56** & **90** & **120** \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{0.6} & 25 & 17.9 & 21.0 & 24.4 & 27.8 & 33.7 & 35.2 \\  & 50 & 18.7 & 21.9 & 33.5 & 38.1 & 41.8 & 43.7 \\  & 75 & 20.2 & 22.4 & 35.1 & 40.5 & 42.9 & 45.0 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 7: _Cont._ \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c c} \hline \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**W/B**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**T (\({}^{\circ}\)C)**} & \multicolumn{6}{c}{**\#days =**} \\ \cline{3-8}  & & **3** & **7** & **28** & **56** & **90** & **120** \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{0.4} & 25 & 21.8 & 28.8 & 31.1 & 33.5 & 34.3 & 35.1 \\  & 50 & 25.2 & 30.0 & 32.8 & 35.1 & 38.7 & 40.2 \\  & 75 & 27.7 & 32.6 & 35.2 & 38.1 & 40.8 & 41.9 \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{0.5} & 25 & 18.3 & 20.4 & 23.2 & 26.8 & 28.6 & 29.6 \\  & 50 & 23.1 & 26.6 & 29.9 & 33.4 & 35.1 & 36.2 \\  & 75 & 24.6 & 25.5 & 31.1 & 36.2 & 37.6 & 39.5 \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{0.6} & 25 & 15.4 & 17.7 & 19.2 & 21.5 & 21.9 & 23.5 \\  & 50 & 18.2 & 19.7 & 20.8 & 22.4 & 24.8 & 25.5 \\ \cline{1-1}  & 75 & 20.0 & 21.1 & 23.2 & 25.1 & 26.6 & 28.5 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}