_animals_  
_Article_  
**Alpaca Field Behaviour When Cohabitating with Lambing Ewes**  
**[PERSON] 1,*, [PERSON] 2, [PERSON] 1(c), [PERSON] 1, [PERSON] 1 and [PERSON] 3,*(c)**  
1 School of Environment and Rural Science, University of New England, Armidale 2351, NSW, Australia; [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (A.K.D.); [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (E.K.D.); [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (C.L.M.)  
2 Precision Agriculture Research Group, University of New England, Armidale 2351, NSW, Australia; [EMAIL_ADDRESS]  
3 Canine and Equine Research Group, University of New England, Armidale 2351, NSW, Australia  
*Correspondence: [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (P.T.M.); [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (W.Y.B.)  
Received: 5 August 2020; Accepted: 21 August 2020; Published: 9 September 2020  
**Simple Summary:** In order to appreciate how alpacas function as guardian animals and how suitable they are in protecting a herd we first need to better understand how these animals behave while coexisting with other livestock. This study examined the field behaviour of two alpacas placed with 180 lambing ewes, including the level of diurnal activity, distances travelled and activity budgets. Alpacas generally behaved similarly in relation to diurnal activity levels and time spent on behaviours such as grazing, walking and standing. Alpacas and lambing ewes shared similar diurnal patterns in relation to levels of activity and were observed to flock together at night and camp in the same location. As a result of this study we were able to catalogue the range and frequency of field behaviours exhibited by alpacas's cohabiting with lambing ewes. This data provides insight into how alpacas might behave in a guardian role, adds to the limited body of research in this area and may assist producers reduce predator-related livestock loss.  
**Abstract:** A common strategy to reduce predator attack on livestock is the deployment of guardian alpacas. However, little research has been conducted on the behaviour of this species while housed with other livestock. This study monitored two male alpacas' cohabitating with 180 lambing ewes in order to quantify field behaviour in two phases. Phase one assessed diurnal patterns of alpacas and lambing ewes using Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) collars recording data over 41 days, in combination with observational recordings. Phase two developed an alpaca behavioural ethogram through continuous observations from 05:30 to 19:30 h over a 3-day period. The two alpacas shared similar behaviours with commonality of distance travelled, and both species exhibited an increase in activity level based on speed between the times of 05:00 and 17:00 h. The GNSS data indicated that the alpacas flocked with the ewes at night sharing the same resting location, however, would spend time during the day on the outskirts of the paddock. Alpacas were observed to spend the majority of the observation period in two behavioural states: grazing (57%) and resting (27%). As a result of this study we were able to catalogue a range and frequency of field behaviours which alpacas exhibit while cohabitating with lambing ewes. However, further research is needed to determine in more detail how these behaviours correspond with the effectiveness of this species as a livestock guardian.  
**Keywords:** alpaca; behaviour; remote-sensing technologies; diurnal activity; ethogram; livestock guardian