## 2 Materials and Methods
### Methodology  
#### 2.2.1 Supply Chain Shipment Price Dataset  
Supply chain management refers to the transportation of goods and services and includes all processes that convert raw materials into completed products. It comprises aggressively streamlining a company's supply-side procedures to maximize customer value and gain a market advantage. The supply chain shipping pricing dataset used in this investigation was collected from Kaggle [81]. The supply chain shipping price dataset, which was utilized as the target variable, has four modes of transportation, which are classified as Air, Truck, Air Charter, and Ocean mode. Aircraft are used to deliver commodities in air freight or air charter. The data sample sizes are 10,324.  
The quickest mode of transportation without a doubt is air travel. Being the most practical form of transportation and not having to deal with many natural obstacles makes it quite advantageous. Due to this advantage, regardless of a location's geographic challenge, it is ultimately the most accessible. Except for exceptionally hefty products that would not fit inside the aircraft, many objects can be transported using airfreight service. Also known as the best method of shipping perishable goods, this technique of transportation. Air travel is without a doubt the quickest means of transportation. It is incredibly beneficial since it is the most convenient mode of transportation and does not have to contend with numerous natural impediments. Because of this benefit, it is eventually the most accessible to all locations, regardless of geographical obstacles. Most things may be delivered via airfreight service, apart from particularly heavyweight items that may not fit within the aircraft. This means of transportation is also recognized as the finest mode of shipment for perishable commodities.  
When compared to other types of transportation, air shipping is frequently the most expensive. Express shipping refers to things that are transported using air transport since the shipment pace is faster, the products are delivered sooner, and the procedure is somewhat more expensive. You may anticipate your items to arrive in 1 to 2 days if you choose air transport. One of the oldest modes of moving products is via land, for example, by truck. When it comes to shipping products within a country or across borders, this is the most practical option. Trucks are commonly employed to move things across highways because they have large cargo compartments that can accommodate heavier objects like building materials and even autos. This means of transportation is less expensive than the others. However, it is possible that the goods will take longer to arrive at their destination. Railways are another mode of land transportation. Because rail freight is less expensive and can move bigger commodities across the country, it provides a number of benefits. Shipping Through Sea (Ocean) is the term used to describe shipping by sea for a variety of uses, such as commercial or military. It is a technique for shipping comparatively bigger amounts of material using cargo ships in which the cargo is first loaded into a vessel before being packed into containers. Almost everything may be transported by water, however, if you want your product delivered fast, shipping products by sea is not advised. However, as input variables, we utilized line-item value, line-item insurance, and line-item quantity. Any Sales Order or Purchase Order that we may place for distinct items on the same Purchase Order or Sales Order is referred to as a Line Item. All the things requested are mentioned one after the other in the Sales/Purchase Order, whereas the Line of Insurance refers to the coverage provided under the specific policy being purchased.