## 1 Introduction  
The essential resources of humanity, such as water, energy, and food, are facing a rapid increase in global demand due to the expected rapid population growth to 9.7 billion by 2050. However, difficulties are anticipated in sustaining resource production to meet such demand [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]. According to the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), agricultural production in developing countries needs to double to meet demand, and these nations are predicted to face competition for water and energy resources as well as the impacts of climate change [6]. Irrigation involves controlling the water demand that is not met by rainfall through artificial systems to facilitate crop growth and development [7]. Securing energy for irrigation is crucial for agricultural development in developing countries with insufficient rainfall. Therefore, it is necessary to actively utilize environmentally friendly and cost-effective renewable energy sources, with solar photovoltaic (PV) panels being used for solar power generation [8; 9]. Globally, renewable energy accounts for 20% of total energy consumption, with approximately 30% of renewable energy investments allocated to wind energy and 60% to solar energy [10]. It is projected that 25% of the world's required power will be obtained through solar power generation by 2050 [10]. However, utilizing solar power generation for irrigation presents challenges due to the significant land area occupied by solar panels, potentially reducing arable land [11]. To mitigate these issues, efforts are being made to introduce agrivoltaic systems. Agrivoltaic systems aim to establish systems where solar panels and cultivation can coexist, with the core concept being the utilization of the space beneath solar panels for agricultural purposes [12; 13; 14]. Studies, such as that by [PERSON] et al., have reported that applying agrivoltaic methods to just 1% of Canada's farmland could satisfy at least a quarter of the nation's electricity demand [15]. However, research on agrivoltaic systems primarily focuses on determining optimal panel arrangements based on factors such as the amount of light reaching crops beneath PV arrays and the shaded land area of PV cells [16]. This approach often incurs significant costs in constructing and maintaining overall solar panel arrays and does not fully resolve the trade-offs between agriculture and solar power generation. Another approach being explored is the use of semitransparent organic solar cells (STOSCs) for combined solar power generation and cultivation [17; 18; 19]. Agrivoltaic systems typically use Si PV cells, which offer high energy conversion efficiency and stability but are costly and render shaded land areas unusable for cultivation. In contrast, STOSCs offer a way to utilize solar spectra other than those needed for plant photosynthesis within the same land area. STOSCs contain an active layer that generates electron-hole pairs, covered with a transparent conductive material allowing certain spectra to penetrate. Thus, photons in the visible spectrum necessary for photosynthesis pass through, while photons in the UV and near-infrared spectrum are converted into electrons. Compared to Si solar cells, STOSCs with thin-film structures are lighter and cheaper to manufacture. However, their semi-transparency poses a trade-off between power conversion efficiency (PCE) and average visible transmittance (AVT), and they may lack durability in various environmental conditions compared to Si PV systems [20; 21]. The agrivoltaic system faces several challenges. It is not feasible to combine solar power generation and crop cultivation on the same land, and setting up a large-scale solar power generation system is expensive due to the need for costly high-efficiency single-crystal Si PV cells and dual-axis tracking to account for daily and seasonal variations in solar light angle. These challenges limit the available land for cultivation and hinder cost reduction in manufacturing and operating solar power generation systems.