# A Survey on Cybersecurity in IoT
## 3 Data Integrity and Privacy  
The challenges of data integrity and privacy in the IoT ecosystem are both profound and multifaceted, driven by the inherent characteristics of IoT networks, including heterogeneity, scale, and the frequent deployment of devices in untrusted or physically exposed environments. Ensuring data integrity within this context requires more than the application of conventional cryptographic techniques [78]; it demands a nuanced understanding of the specific threats and the development of solutions that are adaptable to the constraints and operational contexts of IoT devices [79].  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{p{56.9 pt} p{142.3 pt} p{142.3 pt}} \hline \hline
**Topic** & **References** & **Summary** \\ \hline IoT Device Authentication & [26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36] & IoT device authentication and identity management are crucial for securing heterogeneous and dynamic IoT environments, addressing challenges such as trust, scalability, and compliance with specific requirements across diverse applications like healthcare, industrial, and smart city systems. \\ \hline PKI & [37, 38, 39, 40] & Focuses on the challenges and applications of PKI in IoT, including the computational overhead and the specific issues related to managing and distributing keys in IoT systems. \\ \hline ECC & [41, 42, 43, 44, 45] & Examines ECC as an efficient cryptographic method for IoT devices, offering robust security with smaller key sizes that are suitable for devices with limited processing power. \\ \hline Symmetric Key Cryptography & [46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53] & Discusses the use of symmetric key cryptography, particularly AES, for IoT authentication. It includes challenges related to secure key management, such as the adaptation of Diffie–Hellman key exchange, and addresses issues of scalability and security in large IoT networks. \\ \hline PUFs & [54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60] & Covers PUFs as a hardware-based authentication method in IoT, leveraging unique physical characteristics of devices to provide secure and low-cost authentication solutions. These references discuss implementation challenges and potential applications in diverse IoT environments. \\ \hline Decentralized and Blockchain-Based Identity Management & [61, 62, 63, 64, 65] & Discusses the role of blockchain and decentralized ledger technologies in managing IoT identities. These references highlight the potential of blockchain to provide secure, scalable, and tamper-proof identity management systems in IoT. \\ \hline Federated Identity Models & [66, 67, 68, 69] & Focuses on federated identity management in IoT, enabling devices to authenticate across multiple domains or networks without needing to re-establish their identities. The references discuss trust frameworks and the integration of federated identity systems in complex IoT environments. \\ \hline Identity Revocation & [70, 71, 72, 73, 74, 75, 76, 77] & These references address the processes for revoking the identities of IoT devices that are no longer trusted or operational. Methods like CRLs, OCSP, and blockchain-based revocation systems are discussed. \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}
Table 2: Summary of studies related to device authentication and identity management in IoT.