# A Study on Combustion Characteristics of Insensitive Triple-Base Propellant
## 1 Introduction  
Triple-base propellant is a kind of high-energy propellant, and it has been widely used in the field of artillery propulsion [1]. Specifically, gun bore erosion has become an important factor limiting the power and life of artillery [2]. The insensitive triple-base propellant can effectively reduce erosion and prolong gun barrel life. In recent years, research on insensitive propellants has been conducted step by step. At present, most related research was carried out to develop new desensitizer components and desensitizing methods, as well as to learn the macro combustion characteristics of the insensitive propellant. [PERSON] et al. [3] accomplished the consideration of an ammonium perchlorate/cyclo-trimethylene-trinitramine (AP/RDX) co-crystal, with superior thermal behavior and an increase in RDX decomposition enthalpy. [PERSON] et al. [4] prepared NTO/HMX-based PBX through the water suspension method. It was found that, after refining particle size, the impact sensitivity is decreased, and the maximum detonation velocity is above 95% of the theoretical one. [PERSON] et al. [5] prepared a new insensitive and high energy explosive, based on RDX (e-RDX), by suspension spray technology, usingEstane 5703 as a binder, and the activation energy of e-RDX was lower than that of raw RDX. The energetic materials, which have been desensitized by different materials and methods, show certain superiority in performance. Additionally, the physicochemical properties of desensitizers were studied. [PERSON] et al. [6] used Raman spectroscopy to explore the distribution of desensitizers in a small-size single-base propellant. [PERSON] et al. [7] prepared CL-20/RDX and characterized thermal decomposition property, explosion performance, and mechanical sensitivity of different kinds of micron-sized spherical CL-20/RDX, such as critical temperature of thermal explosion. These studies focused on the production process, application effect, and physical and chemical properties of desensitizers, as well as the macroscopic properties of combustion, such as the burning rates and the pressure exponent of burning rates and detonation propagation [8; 9; 10]. However, the microscopic combustion process and combustion mechanism of insensitive propellant are still not clear at present, while this information can provide important information, as well as theoretical and technical support, for the design and use of insensitive propellant. For the microscopic reaction mechanism research of energetic materials, the main research methodologies are thermal decomposition experiments and numerical simulations. These two methods have been extensively adopted in previous works. [PERSON] et al. [11] determined the thermochemical properties and decomposition characteristics using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). [PERSON] et al. [12] found the effects of Sn-containing intermetallic compounds on the thermal decomposition and ignition properties of RDX and TKX-50 through thermal-decomposing tests and high-power laser ignition. [PERSON] et al. [13] numerically analyzed the spontaneous combustion process of RDX. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) were used for the detection of several components produced in the combustion of energetic materials. [PERSON] et al. [14] used GC/MS to analyze the pyrolysis products of the double-base propellant composed of nitrocotton and nitroglycerin. [PERSON] et al. [15] utilized TG-DSC-IR-GC-MS technology to study the decomposition of a novel nitrated bacterial cellulose/cyclotrimblenetrinitramine (NBC/RDX) nanocomposite energetic material. [PERSON] et al. [16] studied the interaction mechanism of 1H-tetrazole and nitrocellulose by kinetics methods and TG-DSC-FTIR analysis. [PERSON] et al. [17] used FTIR to study the combustion gas products of standard rocket propellant and actual rocket propellant.