## 4 Discussion  
In this study, we evaluated the in vitro ability of prototypical BC dressings, chemisorbed with antiseptics, to eradicate biofilms formed by oral pathogens. For this purpose, we used a micro-dilution methodology as a prerequisite condition to perform further experiments in which we chemisorbed antiseptics to BC carriers. As shown in Table 1, all antiseptics displayed high antib biofilm activity against _S. aureus_, _E. faecalis_, _P. aeruginosa_, _C. albicans_, _Str. mutans_, and _A. actinomycetemcomitans_. It should be noted that the microdilution technique is one of the most basic experimental settings in microbiology and it does not reflect the in vivo conditions of the oral cavity or any other sites of the human body. In this technique, biofilms grown on a polystyrene surface were cultured in buffered microbiological medium. When antiseptics were introduced, they faced neither physiological impediments related with oral cavity topology nor obstacles such as saliva and the many proteins and enzymes in saliva. These facts may explain the very high antib biofilm efficacy of P, PO, and B antiseptics obtained in this particular experimental setting. Although results presented in Table 1 are in line with our previous findings, as well as other investigations in this context [36; 37; 38; 39], it is important to note that antiseptics used to treat in vivo infections may display lower actual activity in comparison to the activity assessed by means of in vitro microdilution methods. Nevertheless, these studies and results allowed us to perform our next stage of the investigation, namely studying the antimicrobial efficacy of antiseptics released from BC dressings. Dressings (Figure 2A), owing to their porous composition (Figure 2B) and chemical composition, were able to absorb and release high volumes of antiseptic liquids [40]. The results presented in Figure 3 and Table 2 confirmed the ability of BC dressings to elute antimicrobials. Antiseptics were released from this material in an effective and reproducible manner (Figures 3 and 4), with the maximal release observed within 15 or 30 min for polihexanidine and povidone-iodine, respectively. However, the specificity of wet BC carriers allowed us to only roughly estimate the amount of drugs incorporated into the carrier, though it should be noted that similar results were obtained by [PERSON] et al. [41] who analyzed the controlled release of cotenidine antiseptic, belonging to the bispyridine family, from BC. The results presented in Figure 5 confirmed the ability of BC dressings to elute antimicrobials. Also, B-BC dressings, after incubation, almost completely lost their dark brown color (compare B-BC dressing color from Figure 5 with the B-BC dressing color from Figures 9 and 10). This may be explained by the close-to-complete release of povidone-iodine from the BC carrier. B-BC dressings were also the most effective regarding the eradication of microorganisms when a modified disc-diffusion methodology was applied (Table 2). This very high antimicrobial activity of povidone-iodine in comparison to other antiseptics (including polihexanide) was also confirmed by other research teams [34; 35]. Antiseptics containing povidone-iodine are commonly used (in a range of concentrations) for treatment procedures in the oral cavity. However, in some cases, the application of this antiseptic substance may be associated with side effects [42], which motivates our goal to couple BC dressings with other antiseptics. Furthermore, the efficacy of PO and P products, released from BC can be considered high (Figure 5, Table 2). Moreover, results obtained for these two products (containing the same active substance, e.g., polihexanide) differed by \(\approx\)1-2 mm in diameter for the inhibition growth zones against particular pathogens, showing a comparable spread of active substance throughout the agar surface.