## 1 Introduction  
Nowadays, the business markets look for up-to-date manufacturing technologies to find a quick response for high demands of variability, efficient supply chain, and optimized energy consumption. As a solution, Industry 4.0 uses the benefits of the integration of modern manufacturing technologies and information systems to promote production capabilities [1]. In this context, smart manufacturing improves long-term competitiveness by optimizing labor, energy, and material to produce a high-quality product, and find a rapid response for variation in market demands and delivery time [2]. As shown in Figure 1, smart factories represent a new generation of the production system in the concepts of industry 4.0 and smart manufacturing and support advanced technologies such as computerizationmanufacturing, cyber-physical systems (CPS), big data, internet of things (IoT), cloud computing, and automated and robotic systems [3; 4]. In a general view, IoT provides information, including machines, products, or production lines, from all physical objects through a wireless or network connection. Also, the other data sources gather all information about the suppliers, customers, and logistics, then this large quantity of data, which is called big data, is analyzed and investigated by cloud computing [4; 5]. In fact, a cyber-physical system (CPS) shares information regarding all machines, utilities, and storage systems and controls them autonomously [1]. CPS technology can help to effectively improve the manufacturing process in the concept of smart manufacturing [6]. The additive manufacturing (AM) technique is applied for the fabrication of various structures and complex components. This technology was first employed by [PERSON] for the stereolithography (SLA) process in 1986 [7]. The other printing methods were discovered over the years and the application of AM technology was extended extraordinarily in only three decades and consequently transformed the manufacturing and logistics processes. There is a significant growth in the investment in AM technology from $4 billion in 2014 to over $21 billion by 2020 [8]. This growth is probably due to many improvements in AM technologies and materials which encourage the market for more investments in various industries, such as biomedical, aerospace, and automotive [4]. However, AM benefits attract many attentions in the field of manufacturing such as mass-customized production, prototyping, sustainable production, and minimized lead time and cost [9]. Recently, new developments in the AM process has made them more attractive, such as bioprinting, four-dimensional (4D) printing, nano-scale, and metamaterials printing [10]. Also, the other advantage of the AM processes is to help effectively smaller companies and end-users to develop their innovative designs and products themselves as a self-designer and manufacturer [11]. Obviously, AM can be a vital component of industry 4.0 or smart manufacturing due to its high capability as a non-traditional manufacturing approach for mass customization in industry 4.0. Among many advantages, the environmental impact of AM is very impressive in the improvement of sustainability in production systems compared to traditional manufacturing methods. The sustainability benefits of AM can be summarized into high resource efficiency, production life, and reconfigured value chain [12; 13; 14]. However, the evolution of AM has not been explored sufficiently and is limited to many types of research on individual production technologies, not comprehensively on the components of the manufacturing system. Although AM offers numerous unique capabilities in the manufacturing process, it should be considered in simplifying industrial production such as \"design and manufacture\" [15]. Table 1 summarizes the recently published works on the applications and advances of AM in smart manufacturing and industry 4.0. Figure 1: A schematic of smart manufacturing components in Industry 4.0 [4].