## 8 Conclusions  
This paper bridges the gap between theory and concrete applications of the concept of randomness. We focus on the effective properties of 2D conducting random composites with circular inclusions distributed without overlaps. In particular, we encountered a diversity of random composite materials within this class. In particular, we conclude that there is no universal minimum number of inclusions per cell in simulations of random composites. Even seemingly slight modifications to RSA algorithms result in different formulas for the effective constants. Applying the \(a\)RVE theory methodologically and practically addresses the diversity problem of random composites based on homogenization principles. This paper develops the investigation strategy and provides a constructive description of each step. The \(a\)RVE theory precisely answers the question of how a spatial arrangement of inclusions within similar-in-spirit protocols influences the overall effective properties of the composites. Only proper protocols for random structure generation result in stable effective properties. For instance, the effective conductivity was found by the RSA and RW protocols for all admissible concentrations. The latter methods were designed specifically for simulations of uniform distributions of perfectly conducting particles. The results given byEquations (39) and (40) practically coincide, including the critical index \(s=1.3\). It is also observed that the results are weakly dependent on the unit cell \(Q\). The hexagonal and square shapes of \(Q\) were considered above. However, if we slightly change the parameters of the protocols, the results may change essentially. This is the main result of the present paper. Therefore, there is no such thing as the most appropriate protocol in practice. This observation was also confirmed in [36], where nine different types of interactions between particles were investigated. The particles might be attracted, repulsed, or neutral to each other. The particles might form various clusters. Our observations are also confirmed by recent studies of metamaterials with exceptional geometries. The properties of such metamaterials appear to be exceptionally different from the properties of other similar geometries. It is even possible to get an idea about the accuracy of the theory for the effective quantities at moderate concentrations. In the book [34], several examples of such computations are provided. Typically, the estimates of the effective constants closely match the simulations, with a percentage error of much less than 1%. However, if the protocol involves an increase in the probability of higher percolation chains, the error may become significant. Conceptualization: V.M. and S.G.; methodology, P.D. ; software, N.N. and K.N. ; validation, P.D. ; formal analysis, P.D. ; writing--original draft preparation, V.M. ; writing--review and editing, K.N. and S.G.; visualization, N.N. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript. This research received no external funding. Not applicable. The original contributions presented in this study are included in the article. Further inquiries can be directed to the corresponding author. The authors declare no conflicts of interest. The following abbreviations are used in this manuscript: