## 2 Related Work
### Energy Efficiency Based
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{p{42.7 pt} p{42.7 pt} p{42.7 pt} p{42.7 pt} p{42.7 pt} p{42.7 pt} p{42.7 pt} p{42.7 pt} p{42.7 pt} p{42.7 pt} p{42.7 pt}} \hline \hline
**Type of Technique** & **Technique/Protocol** & **Reliability** & **Packet Size Management** & **Mobility Management** & **Number of Hops** & **Achievements** & **Challenges** & **Limitations** \\ \hline \hline \multirow{9}{*}{} & Review of & \(\checkmark\) & \(\times\) & \(\checkmark\) & Single-hop & - & Security issues and & Does not discuss the energy consumption & complexity of the reviewed schemes \\  & existing techniques & & & & & multi-hop & & & \\ \cline{1-1}  & Retransmission & \(\checkmark\) & \(\times\) & \(\times\) & Single-hop & Enhanced PDR & Complexity of the network & Proposed scheme is too much complex to implement \\ \cline{1-1}  & Retransmission and redundant & & & & & & & \\ \cline{1-1}  & approach [16] & & & & & & & \\ \cline{1-1}  & Integer-linear programming & \(\checkmark\) & \(\checkmark\) & \(\times\) & Single-hop & Lifetime network & of energy dissipation and data packet size & Source to destination delay is increased \\ \cline{1-1}  & Review on localization algorithms [1] & & & & & & Single-hop and multi-hop & Malicious attacks & Cannot explain how flooding and path loss problems can be compromised \\ \cline{1-1} \cline{2-11}  & Review on localization-based routing algorithms [2] & & & & & Single-hop and multi-hop & High interference, limited battery of nodes and low bandwidth & Do not discuss the PDR and void holes \\ \cline{1-1}  & Review of different techniques [4] & & & & & Single-hop and multi-hop & Limited bandwidth, delay problems, localization and security issues & Considerable number of challenges are ignored \\ \cline{1-1} \cline{2-11}  & RBCN [18] & \(\times\) & \(\times\) & Multi-hop & Increase in PDR and alive nodes & End-to-end delay is compromised \\ \cline{1-1} \cline{2-11}  & Overview of & \(\times\) & \(\times\) & \(\checkmark\) & Single-hop and multi-hop & Localization, hardwares, simulation tools and low-power & Issues related to localization, etc., galler & Isouse and low-power that discussed, e.g., malicious attack \\ \cline{1-1} \cline{2-11}  & \(\times\) & \(\times\) & \(\checkmark\) & Multi-hop & New and algorithm and Improvement in the results & High cost and complexity issues & Cannot find the optimal point for localization and energy usage & Cannot find the optimal usage \\ \cline{1-1} \cline \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{p{113.8 pt} p{42.7 pt} p{42.7 pt} p{42.7 pt} p{42.7 pt} p{42.7 pt} p{42.7 pt} p{42.7 pt} p{42.7 pt} p{42.7 pt} p{42.7 pt}} \hline \hline
**Type of Technique** & **Technique/ Protocol** & **Reliability** & **Packet Size** & **Mobility Management** & **Number Management** & **Achievements** & **Challenges** & **Limitations** \\ \hline \hline \multirow{9}{*}{**Topology control-based**} & TCEB [7] & \(\times\) & \(\times\) & \(\times\) & Multi-hop & Energy consumption & Topology change is not much efficient due to dynamic topology & End-to-end delay is increased \\ \cline{2-10}  & & & & & & is reduced due to dynamic topology & & & \\ \cline{2-10}  & Classify topology control-based algorithm & ✓ & \(\times\) & ✓ & - & - & Mobility of sensor nodes makes difficulty in efficient usage of batteries, loss of bit rate error & Does not provide efficient algorithm \\ \cline{2-10}  & & & & & & & connectivity and high bit rate error & Proposed scheme works better in predefined environment \\ \hline \hline \multirow{9}{*}{**Void node-based**} & \multirow{2}{*}{\(\times\)} & \multirow{2}{*}{\(\times\)} & \multirow{2}{*}{\(\times\)} & \multirow{2}{*}{Multi-hop} & End-to-end delay and alleviation of void holes & Low bandwidth, high latency and error rate & Proposed scheme takes more time on computations \\ \cline{2-10}  & & & & & & & & \\ \cline{2-10}  & & & & & & & & & \\ \cline{2-10}  & & & & & & & & & \\ \cline{2-10}  & & & & & & & & & \\ \cline{2-10}  & & & & & & & & & & \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 2: _Cont._The energy efficiency is focused in the works [14; 15; 16; 17].