# Smart Interactive Technologies in the Human-Centric Factory 5.0: A Survey
## 1 Introduction  
In 2015, the introduction of emerging technologies such as wireless sensor networks, big data, cloud computing, embedded systems, and mobile Internet into the manufacturing environment determined the conditions for factories to enter the era of the fourth industrial revolution [1]. As a reaction to the massive installation of such technologies on modern factory floors, the strategic initiative called \"Industry 4.0\" was proposed and adopted as part of the \"High-Tech Strategy 2020 Action Plan\" of the German government [1]. Other main industrial countries followed, proposing strategies that were compliant with the idea of the just-born Industry 4.0. The Industry 4.0 concept describes production-oriented cyber-physical systems (CPS) which integrate production facilities, warehousing systems, logistics, and even social requirements to establish global value creation networks [2]. Various changes have been introduced by the smart factory vision in the ways production is conceived and workers operate on factory floors. Such changes involve different levels of the production process, introducing a number of disruptive technologies which enable the digitalization of the manufacturing sector, enclosed in different areas of expertise:  
* Data, computational power, and connectivity;
* Analytic and artificial intelligence;
* Human-machine interaction;
* Digital-to-physical conversion. In January 2021, the European Commission published a report called \"Industry 5.0. Towards a sustainable, human-centric and resilient European industry\" [3], presentingthe need to speed up the transformation already underway, which uses digital and green technologies to heal the environment and the economy. Industry appears to be the pivot of this important transition, representing the only means to achieve wellbeing from a human- and a production-related point of view but also respecting the environment. Industry 5.0, which is intended to complement and extend the features of Industry 4.0, aims to make the industry sector more sustainable and resilient. The report describes the main building blocks of the Industry 5.0 approach [3]:  
* The industry must now become the accelerator and enabler of change and innovation;
* Digital technologies such as artificial intelligence (AI) and robotics can optimize human-machine interactions, underlining the added value human workers bring to the factory floor;
* By developing innovative technologies in a human-centric way, Industry 5.0 can support and empower, rather than replace, workers;
* Greening the economy will be successful with European industry taking a strong leadership role;
* Industry 5.0 will also have a transformative impact on society, especially for industry workers, who may see their role changed, requiring new skills. In the Industry 5.0 vision, technologies can optimize both workplaces and worker's performances, favoring the interaction between human and machine, rather than replacing one with the other. The main difference between the fourth and fifth industry visions is that humans are envisioned to collaborate with robots and innovative technologies, which have to be designed in a human-centric way. Industry 5.0 identifies the following six enabling technologies [4]:  
1. Individualized human-machine interaction technologies that interconnect and combine the strengths of humans and machines. 2. Bio-inspired technologies and smart materials that allow materials to have embedded sensors and enhanced features while being recyclable. 3. Digital twins and simulations to model entire systems. 4. Data transmission, storage, and analysis technologies that are able to handle data and foster system interoperability. 5. Artificial intelligence to detect, for example, causalities in complex, dynamic systems, leading to actionable intelligence. 6. Technologies for energy efficiency, renewables, storage, and autonomy. According to [PERSON] et al.