## 4 Discussion  
The excessive use of chemical insecticides not only involves risks for human health, but also generates pest resistance and harms the environment by having high persistence and \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c} \hline \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**Fungal Isolate**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**df**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**LC\({}_{50}\)**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**Slope \(\pm\) SE**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**Intercept**} & \multirow{2}{*}{\(\chi^{2}\)} & \multirow{2}{*}{\(p\)} \\  & & **(\(\pm\)95\% CI)** & & & & \\ \hline _F. solani_ & 5 & \(3.88\times 10^{3}\) & & & & \\ _F. chlamdosporum_ var. & 5 & \(2.13\times 10^{4}\) & & & & \\ _chlamydosporum_ & & \((8.25\times 10^{3}\)–\(1.07\times 10^{5})\) & & & & \\ _F. tonkinense_ & 5 & \(1.19\times 10^{6}\) & & & & \\ _F. longfundum_ & 5 & \(2.17\times 10^{6}\) & & & & \\ _F. pseudoanthphim_ & 5 & \((1.2\times 10^{5}\)–\(3.2\times 10^{7})\) & & & & \\ _F. pseudoanthphim_ & 5 & \(8.96\times 10^{5}\) & & & & \\ _F. fuijikaroi_ & 5 & \((2.2\times 10^{4}\)–\(5.4\times 10^{5})\) & & & & \\ _F. fuijikaroi_ & 5 & \(7.85\times 10^{5}\) & & & & \\ _F. algeriese_ & 5 & \((2.8\times 10^{4}\)–\(4.6\times 10^{5})\) & & & & \\ \hline Control & H\({}_{2}\)O + Tergitol Np9 & \(0.0\pm 0.0\) c & \(0.0\pm 0.0\) c & \(2.7\pm 1.3\) e & \(215.0\pm 0.2\) g \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 10: Estimated lethal concentrations (LC\({}_{50}\)) for _Fusarium_ species on 3 rd-instar larvae of _H. armigena_. **LC**: lethal concentrations; **CI**: confidence limit; **SE**: standard error; \(\chi^{2}\); Chi-squared goodness of fit test, LC values are considered significantly different when 95% confidence limits fail to overlap. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c} \hline \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**Treatment**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**Concentration**} & \multicolumn{3}{c}{**Exposure Time**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**Median Lethal**} \\ \cline{3-4}  & & **72 HAT** & **144 HAT** & **216 HAT** & **Time** \\ \hline \multirow{5}{*}{_F. algeriese_} & \(10^{3}\) & \(6.7\pm 5.8\) b & \(6.7\pm 5.8\) b & \(10.0\pm 10.0\) d & 209.0 \(\pm\) 0.3 a \\  & \(10^{4}\) & \(6.7\pm 5.8\) b & \(13.0\pm 11.5\) b & \(20.0\pm 10.0\) c & 204.0 \(\pm\) 2.1 b \\ \cline{1-1}  & \(10^{5}\) & \(6.7\pm 5.8\) b & \(20.0\pm 0.0\) a & \(30.0\pm 0.0\) c & 192.0 \(\pm\) 1.4 c \\ \cline{1-1}  & \(10^{6}\) & \(10.0\pm 10.0\) ab & \(26.0\pm 10.0\) a & \(43.0\pm 10.0\) b & 185.0 \(\pm\) 2.2 d \\ \cline{1-1}  & \(10^{7}\) & \(10.0\pm 0.0\) ab & \(33.0\pm 20.8\) ac & \(53.0\pm 5.8\) a & 179.0 \(\pm\) 2.8 e \\ \cline{1-1}  & \(10^{8}\) & \(13.0\pm 5.8\) a & \(36.7\pm 5.8\) c & \(60.0\pm 0.0\) a & 162.0 \(\pm\) 1.1 f \\ \hline Control & H\({}_{2}\)O + Tergitol Np9 & \(0.0\pm 0.0\) c & \(0.0\pm 0.0\) d & \(2.7\pm 1.3\) e & 215.0 \(\pm\) 0.2 g \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 9: Mean mortality (\(\pm\)sd) and Median Lethal Time of _H. armigena_ adults exposed to _Fusarium algeriese_ for 216 h of two season experiments. Means of the same column followed by the same letter are not significantly different (Tukey test, a = 0.05), Median Lethal Time (hours \(\pm\) sd) was estimated by the Kaplan–Meier method (F = 5.232, df = 6, \(p\) < 0.001), HAT: Hours After Treatment. by affecting non-target organisms. As a result, the implementation of eco-friendly methods of pest management is vital. The value of using natural products as a safe alternative to chemical pesticides for the control of serious agricultural pests is demonstrated by many researchers. These products consist of natural ingredients that are environmentally safe and have low mammalian toxicity [37; 38; 39]. The EPF include fungal species that are pathogenic to insects. These fungal pathogens play a vital role in reducing insect population dynamics in comparatively shorter time than other measures [40]. Our investigation once again confirmed the entomopathogenic nature of some species of _Fusarium_. All seven species tested showed significant lethal effects on the survival of _H.