## 3 Result and Discussion  
The proposed antenna design works in the range of the \(S\), \(C\), and \(X\) frequency bands. Therefore, the response analysis should be carried out by the scattering parameters (S-Parameters). The S-parameters represent the electrical behavior of a linear electrical system, describing the input and output relations among the ports of an electrical system. Unambiguously, for the high frequency, it is essential to represent a given network, in terms of waves, not by the voltage (v) or current (i). Figure 5 represents four antenna structures that are simulated, based upon the on and off in the interior-exterior of the patch and the tooth in the split ring resonators. The following notations were given for the design of the antenna: the connected patch interior and patch outer(CPIO), the disconnected patch interior and patch exterior (DCPIO), the SRR with a tooth (SWT), and the split ring resonator without a tooth (SWOT). The four combinations are represented in Table 1. The first structure is the CPIO and SWT. The second structure is the CPIO and SWOT. The third structure is the DCPIO and SWT. The fourth structure is the DCPIO and SWOT. The design of all of these structures is represented in Figure 6. The performance of the four designs is observed by changing both the substrate materials of Rogers RT Duroid 5880 and FR4. \(S_{11}\) or gamma represents the amount of waves radiated by the antenna. The response is observed for the different frequency values. \(S_{11}\) is chosen for values less than \(-10\) dB. The substrate material varies for all four structures, and the performance is analyzed and compared. The reflectance response is represented by \(S_{11}\). The resonating behavior of the antenna's structure at a particular frequency is described by \(S_{11}\). How closely an antenna's impedance matches that of the radio or transmission line into the load may be quantified using the voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR) value. The reflectance response and the VSWR are both directly proposed for each other. The cross-verification among both responses gives a better clarity of the proposed design. The wideband antenna transfers information over a broad range of the frequency spectrum, whereas the narrowband signals occupy a considerably smaller fraction of the spectrum and need less transmitting power for a given application. Tactical military radios, industrial monitoring, shorter-range fixed-location wireless applications, radio-frequency identification, and commercial vehicle remote keyless entry devices are all types of uses that have traditionally relied on narrowband antennas to achieve reliable links in varying operating environments. Likewise, cellular communication networks use several very narrow bands to provide a wide range of service applications. The effect of noise is also limited, due to the usage of a narrow band, compared to the wideband response. Figure 6 represents an analysis of \(S_{11}\) for the simulated and measured analysis, using FR-4 material as the substrate. The similarity is observed in the measured and simulated results. There are three frequency bands observed in the CPIO and SWT antenna structures. The value of the reflectance response achieved is \(-26.11\) dB at a resonance frequency of \(3.38\) GHz, and the maximum bandwidth achieved for this is \(0.22\) GHz. There are two frequency bands observed in the CPIO and SWOT antenna structures. The reflectance response value reached is \(-21.52\) dB at a resonance frequency of \(3.39\) GHz, and the maximum bandwidth achieved for this is \(0.07\) GHz. There are three frequency bands observed in the DCPIO and SWT antenna structures. The value of the reflectance response achieved is \(-11\) dB at a resonance frequency of \(3.38\) GHz, and the maximum bandwidth achieved for this is \(0.22\) GHz. There are two frequency bands observed in the CPIO and SWOT antenna structures.