## 1 Introduction  
Radar systems on maritime aircrafts, especially those used for anti-ship missiles, frequently encounter significant detection challenges when the target is close to marine geographical features (MGFs) such as islands and offshore drilling platforms with pronounced electromagnetic characteristics. The challenges arise primarily from two aspects:  
(1) The detection blind zones caused by MGFs. MGFs can create physical obstructions that block the radar beam, resulting in areas where the radar cannot detect targets. This is particularly problematic for sea-skimming aircraft when the target is located behind MGFs. (2) The radar target adhesion (RTA) problem caused by MGFs. Even when the target is within the radar line of sight (LOS), the limitations in radar resolution and the electro magnetic interference from MGFs may also lead to the RTA problem. In this case, the target can be mistakenly merged with MGFs and identified as a single target [1]. To address these challenges, current technical research primarily focuses on ensuring that target signals can be detected by radar as well as avoiding the RTA problem. Efforts include improving radar resolution and imaging capabilities [2,3] and developing relevant algorithms [4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14]. While these research directions are theoretically significant, there are still several technical barriers and hardware limitations for their practical application. From a tactical perspective, optimizing aircraft operations is crucial for overcoming these challenges. This can be achieved by selecting appropriate radar activation points and flight directions to improve the ability of radar correctly identifying the target, even with limited radar resolution and LOS conditions. In this context, several studies have made notable contributions: [PERSON], [PERSON], and [PERSON] [15, 16, 17] simplified MGFs and targets into point mass models, providing a theoretical basis for evaluating target identification conditions based on radar range and azimuth angle resolution. However, this method can introduce significant errors, especially for complex MGFs like large islands. To address these limitations, based on the 2D contour data of MGFs, [PERSON] [18] attempted to enhance radar's ability to distinguish targets from MGFs by adjusting the aircraft's search direction, and [PERSON] [19] assessed the number of \"false targets\" that coastlines may generate in a radar system with radar azimuth angle resolution; [PERSON] [20] proposed a strategy to optimize the aircraft's searching direction, ensuring the radar search range covers the target while avoiding MGFs using radar range resolution. Despite these efforts, existing methods still have notable limitations:  
(1) They do not account for the influence of MGFs' elevation data and radar elevation angle resolution, limiting their applicability to sea-skimming aircraft and making them unsuitable for advanced high-altitude aircraft;  
(2) They ignore potential errors, such as radar activation point errors and MGF position errors. So, they can only provide a binary result of \"identified\" or \"unidentified\" and cannot quantitatively calculate the probability of the target being correctly identified by radar at a specific marine location. With the developments in equipment technology, the usage of advanced high-altitude aircraft is increasing due to their broader field of view, faster speed, and longer range. As for the radar LOS and RTA problems with analysis of high-altitude aircraft in 3D space, it is essential to incorporate the 3D model of MGFs, radar elevation angle resolution, and related errors. Therefore, this paper proposes a method to calculate the radar identification probability (\(P_{ident}\)) for a target at a specific marine location.