# Miniaturized Arrow-Shaped Flexible Filter-Embedded Antenna for Industrial and Medical Applications
## 3 Experimental Results
### Conformal Analysis  
As stated earlier, the proposed filtenna is designed on the flexible substrate material with a thickness of 0.254 mm; therefore, in this section, the conformal analysis of the proposed filtenna will be discussed. As illustrated in Figures 12 and 13, the bending analysis is performed for both the x- and y-axis in the simulation environment as well as for the hardware prototype. The conformal analysis is performed by bending the filtenna over a cylinder having a radius of 10 mm, 15 mm, and 20 mm in both the x- and y-axis.  
Figure 11: Efficiency of the proposed filtenna along with gain results.  
Figure 12: Simulated setup of bending along (**a**) x-axis (**b**) y-axis.  
Figure 13: Fabricated prototype bending analysis of the proposed filtenna in the x- and y-axis.  
Figure 14a,b shows the simulated and measured S-parameter plots of the proposed flexible filtenna in unbent and bent conditions with radii of 10 mm, 15 mm, and 20 mm. It is noted that when filtenna is bent along the x-axis at various radii, the rectangular stub and upper part of the patch are folded, which results in slight distortion in antenna performance as compared to the unbent condition, also evident from the S\({}_{11}\) plots in Figure 14. However, the overall filtering performance of filtenna remains stable with desired resonance in the ISM band and highly suppressed for the upper frequency bands. Similarly, Figure 15a,b exhibit the simulated and measured gain of the antenna for unbent as well as bent configurations along the x-axis. It is noticed that the antenna, when bent at various radii, offers gain > 2.5 dB through an operational bandwidth of 2.2-2.8 GHz, whereas for the filtering band ranging from 3 to 11 GHz, the gain value of <-4 dB is obtained. Hence, it is verified that the filtenna performance remains stable regardless of being folded. The measured value of gain also provides good agreement with simulated results.  
In the same way, the bending analysis of proposed filtenna at radii of 10, 12, and 15 mm along the y-axis is demonstrated in Figure 16a,b. As the rectangular stub plays a major role in filtering the upper frequency bands, a minor distortion is observed for the S-parameter, resulting in a bent state due to the bending of the rectangular stub and the side edges of the arrow-shaped patch. However, this distortion is insignificant, and the overall performance of the filtenna remains unaffected. In addition to S-parameter results, simulated and measured gain for the proposed filtenna in bent condition along the y-axis at 10 and 12 mm radii is exhibited in Figure 17a,b. It is found that proposed filtenna offers gain >2.5 dB throughout the operational band of 2.2-2.8 GHz, whereas for the filtered band ranging from 3 to 11 GHz, the gain remains negative. Simulated and measured results  
Figure 14: S-parameter of the proposed filtenna bend over the x-axis. (**a**) Simulated and (**b**) measured.  
Figure 15: Gain and efficiency of the proposed filtenna bend over the x-axis. (**a**) Simulated and (**b**) measured.  
are in strong agreement, ascertaining the pertinence of proposed filtenna for current and impending flexible electronic devices.