# Temporal Variations Dataset for Indoor Environmental Parameters in Northern Saudi Arabia
###### Abstract
Last but not least, collecting environmental data may facilitate research and innovation in various sectors, such as healthcare, smart cities, ecosystem, climatology, and environmental engineering. Collecting environmental data is a crucial component of environmental management and holds significant importance in Saudi Arabia, which is confronted with various environmental problems. The nation has been facing noteworthy air pollution challenges due to industrialization and urbanization, which have led to increased health and environmental concerns [2]. Furthermore, the nation depends mostly on wells in water supply [3]. Moreover, the climate varies from city to city. Temperatures may reach over 40 degrees in the summer season. At the same time, the temperature could reach below zero degrees in the northern cities. In response to the environmental challenges, Saudi Arabia has undertaken various environmental initiatives such as the Saudi Green Initiative and the Green Middle East Initiative. These initiatives are designed to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions, conserve natural resources, and enhance renewable energy production [4]. The efficacy of these endeavors is contingent upon the accurate and reliable collection of environmental data. Environmental data collection in Saudi Arabia is presently conducted by various governmental and non-governmental entities, such as the Ministry of Environment, Water, and Agriculture, the General Authority for Meteorology and Environmental Protection, and the Saudi Arabian Society for Environmental Sciences [5]. These entities gather ecological information on various parameters, including but not limited to the environment and water-based quality, soil and land use, and biodiversity. Saudi Arabia has to deal with the problem of urbanization, as over 85% of its population resides in urban areas, as per the studies conducted by [6]. This is in addition to the environmental challenges that the country is dealing with. The nation is addressing the challenges of urbanization by creating intelligent cities, such as Neom and Riyadh, that strive to leverage technology and data to enhance the prosperity of citizens and promote sustainable development [7]. In addition, collecting environmental data is crucial in advancing smart city initiatives. Monitoring and mitigating urban heat island effects in cities can be facilitated by collecting air quality, temperature, and humidity data. According to [8], collecting energy usage and emissions data can optimize energy consumption and mitigate greenhouse gas emissions within smart urban areas. In addition, collecting environmental data is important for meeting healthcare needs in Saudi Arabia. Environmental factors such as air pollution, water contamination, and poor sanitation can substantially affect public health. Collecting environmental data can identify possible risk factors and provide valuable information for developing public health policies and interventions to mitigate these risks. An investigation was carried out to examine the effects of air pollution on public health in the city of Jeddah through the collection and analysis of relevant data [9]. The authors of [10] revealed that the prevalence of respiratory and cardiovascular diseases was linked to elevated levels of air pollutants in Jeddah. The above data was utilized to develop policies and interventions that focused on enhancing the air quality within the urban area. These measures included the mitigation of emissions from both transportation and industrial sources. In light of the growing interest in smart homes and cities, researchers have attempted to incorporate different aspects of urban life into smart homes and cities through important technologies, including the IoT paradigm, wireless sensor networks, embedded systems, and other related technologies. Machine learning algorithms have various potential applications in smart home and city environments, including dealing with problems related to healthcare, power consumption, and automation.