## 3 Results
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c c c} \hline \hline  & & **Ac** & **As** & **Ns** & **Cu** & **Sc** & **St** & **N** \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{**Winter**} & Freq. & 5.04 & 15.04 & 0.03 & 17.44 & 62.39 & 0.07 & \\  & CTH & 3.36 & 3.13 & 3.35 & 2.40 & 2.25 & 2.37 & 2,037,643 \\  & CTT & \(-\)11.48 & \(-\)7.89 & \(-\)6.67 & \(-\)7.72 & \(-\)7.33 & \(-\)6.05 & \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{**Spring**} & Freq. & 8.83 & 18.93 & 0.03 & 13.43 & 58.78 & \(<\)0.01 & \\  & CTH & 3.53 & 3.25 & 3.33 & 2.61 & 2.37 & 2.48 & 2,496,801 \\  & CTT & \(-\)7.89 & \(-\)5.15 & \(-\)2.32 & \(-\)5.01 & \(-\)1.48 & \(-\)0.50 & \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{**Summer**} & Freq. & 4.84 & 11.48 & \(<\)0.01 & 13.36 & 70.32 & \(<\)0.01 & \\  & CTH & 3.55 & 3.24 & 2.74 & 2.48 & 2.31 & 2.36 & 2,270,728 \\  & CTT & 5.56 & 6.15 & 10.97 & 10.78 & 11.29 & 14.74 & \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{**Fall**} & Freq. & 8.28 & 12.98 & 0.02 & 18.95 & 59.75 & 0.02 & \\  & CTH & 3.52 & 3.19 & 3.06 & 2.50 & 2.27 & 2.64 & 1,743,879 \\ \cline{1-1}  & CTT & \(-\)1.69 & \(-\)0.20 & \(-\)0.99 & 2.65 & 3.50 & \(-\)1.03 & \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 1: Average seedable cloud occurrence frequency, cloud top height (CTH), and cloud top temperature (CTT) by season and seedable cloud type. Freq. denotes the occurrence frequency (%), CTH is in km, CTT is in \({}^{\circ}\)C, and N is seasonal seedable cloud frequency according to the cloud phase. \(<\) 0.01 indicates a frequency of less than 0.01%. Figure 4: Frequency distribution of water phase seedable clouds (**a–d**) and cloud characteristics (CTH: (**e–h**), CTT: (**i–l**)) around the Korean Peninsula. Figure 5: Frequency distribution of ice phase seedable clouds (**a–d**) and cloud characteristics (CTH: (**e–h**), CTT: (**i–l**)) around the Korean Peninsula. Table 2 shows the occurrence frequency and characteristics of seedable clouds by cloud type (Table 1) from Figures 4 and 5. Low-level Sc clouds had the highest frequency among water phase seedable clouds in all seasons at approximately 72%. The mid-level As cloud was determined to have a frequency of 13% in all seasons. Low-level Cu clouds exhibited the highest frequency among ice phase seedable clouds at approximately 30%, while Ac mid-level clouds had a frequency of 27%. In summer, Sc clouds had the highest occurrence frequency for water phase seedable clouds at approximately 76%, and Cu and Ac clouds had the highest occurrence frequencies for ice phase seedable clouds at approximately 39% and 35%, respectively. Overall, the occurrence frequency of stratiform clouds was highest for water phase seedable clouds, while the occurrence frequency of cumuliform clouds was highest for ice phase seedable clouds. In addition, the low-level Sc cloud was determined to have a 7% higher average frequency on land than sea (67% vs. 60%, respectively), while Cu clouds had an average frequency that was 6% higher on sea than land (18% vs. 12%, respectively). Mid-level Ac and As clouds exhibited similar frequencies of approximately 7% and 14%, respectively, on both land and sea. The CTH of low-level clouds on land was 0.13 km higher than at sea (2.51 km), and the CTT was 1.75 \({}^{\circ}\)C lower than the temperature at sea (-0.14 \({}^{\circ}\)C). The CTH of mid-level clouds on land was 0.08 km lower than it was on sea (3.25 km), and the CTT was 1.91 \({}^{\circ}\)C lower than at sea (2.58 \({}^{\circ}\)C). Figure 6 shows the annual frequency distribution of seedable clouds around the Korean Peninsula. The data used for this analysis ranged from December of the previous year to November of the corresponding year. Consequently, the 2017 annual average distribution in Figure 6a uses data from December 2016 to November 2017. The annual average frequency of seedable clouds was 10% (9% on land and 10% on sea), with a difference of about 1% per year. This demonstrates that the frequency distribution of seedable clouds of different types was very similar.