# Discovering Trends in the Digitalization of Shipping:
## 4 Analysis
### Presence of Solutions  
The analysis of the presence of solutions within various topics provided valuable insights into the maturity of these trends within the industry. By comparing the number of presentations that discuss solutions to the total number of presentations for each topic and year, as outlined in Table 10 and Figure 11, we could gauge the development stage of each topic. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Topic** & **Key-Words Found** & **2016** & **2017** & **2018** & **2019** & **2020** & **2021** & **2022** & **2023** \\ \hline \multicolumn{8}{c}{blockchain IBM transaction contract trade ledger smart bank network chain} \\ \hline bank & 11\% & 0\% & 50\% & & & \\ \hline blockchain & 37\% & 57\% & 50\% & & & \\ \hline chain & 16\% & 7\% & 0\% & & & \\ \hline IBM & 11\% & 7\% & 0\% & & & \\ \hline ledger & 21\% & 29\% & 0\% & & & \\ \hline transaction & 5\% & 0\% & 0\% & & & \\ \hline \multicolumn{8}{c}{coverage security failure computer cyber risk system} \\ \hline cyber & 33\% & 20\% & 33\% & 33\% & & \\ \hline risk & 0\% & 40\% & 0\% & 0\% & & \\ \hline security & 67\% & 40\% & 67\% & 33\% & & \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 9: _Cont._In the realm of \"Cybersecurity and risk management\", the presence of solutions was noted to fluctuate over time, with a strong emphasis on solutions being observed in 2022. This indicates a growing maturity in the topic, as more concrete solutions to cybersecurity and risk management challenges are being addressed. For \"Remote connectivity for operations\", solutions have been consistently present, reaching a peak in 2016. This peak suggests that during this period, there was a significant focus on addressing the challenges associated with Remote connectivity for operations within the industry. The topic of \"Smart ports and supply chain management\" has also seen the presence of solutions, although there was a noted decline in the discussion of solutions over time. This decline could reflect a shifting focus within the industry or the need for new innovations to address emerging challenges in smart ports and supply chain management. Digital transformation and strategies, specifically in 2018, were predominantly focused on solutions. The fact that this topic appeared prominently only once suggests that 2018 was a pivotal year for discussing digital transformation strategies within the industry, possibly indicating a peak in interest or a critical moment of development for this trend. Similarly, the discussion of solutions in \"Supply chain management\" was particularly noted in 2019, after which the topic disappeared from discussions. This could imply  
Figure 11: Presentations with solutions by presentations. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Topic** & **2016** & **2017** & **2018** & **2019** & **2020** & **2021** & **2022** & **2023** \\ \hline Cybersecurity and risk management & 12\% & 14\% & 39\% & 23\% & 0\% & 20\% & 50\% & 38\% \\ Digital transformation strategies & 0\% & 0\% & 3\% & 100\% & 0\% & 0\% & 0\% & 0\% \\ Global satellite coverage & 0\% & 0\% & 100\% & 0\% & 0\% & 0\% & 0\% & 0\% \\ Fuel management & 38\% & 10\% & 8\% & 15\% & 0\% & 0\% & 17\% & 0\% \\ Crew onboard connectivity & 33\% & 0\% & 2\% & 100\% & 0\% & 0\% & 0\% & 0\% \\ Smart ports and supply chain management & 21\% & 30\% & 20\% & 36\% & 20\% & 14\% & 15\% & 35\% \\ Supply chain management & 0\% & 0\% & 14\% & 0\% & 0\% & 0\% & 0\% & 0\% \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 10: Presentations with solutions numerical by presentations. that the industry had a specific window of interest in exploring solutions for Supply chain management, which may have shifted due to various factors such as technological challenges or changing priorities.