## 2 Related Work
The Canadian government also hosts its blockchain explorer on the Interplanetary File System (IPFS) network, which enables users to seek for contribution and grant data [30]. Presently, various extant research papers demonstrate the significance of implementing blockchain technology. [PERSON] et al. [30] introduced an Ethereum blockchain-based framework for IPFS-based decentralised applications. This framework is employed for verification of documents without a requirement for a third party or a centralised organisation, with the assurance of its ownership and immutability. The implementation of this framework enables the organisation to disseminate its documentation, including financial reports, on the network with a high degree of transparency and at a low cost. [PERSON] and [PERSON] [31] demonstrate Walmart Canada's blockchain-based invoice processing solution. In this solution, the percentage of disputed invoices is reduced from 70 to 2%, and the processing duration is shortened from days and weeks to 24 h. As a consequence of this reduction, the cost goes down and the connection and communication are strengthened. [PERSON] et al. [32] introduced DocSChain, an OCR and blockchain-based solution that enables the issuance and validation of degrees. OCR can capture the data on the degree and convert it to a machine-readable format. The documents were subjected to a hashing algorithm and the Proof of Existence (PoE) protocol was employed for the purpose of document retrieval [33]. Conversely, making use of physical documents may result in a compromise of their integrity. The authors of [34] proposed a solution for document verification that employs an integration of blockchain, optical character recognition (OCR), digital signatures, and two-dimensional (2D) bar-code technologies. The experiment yielded a remarkable 100 percent accuracy. In the second stage of the trial, all methodologies were combined. To accomplish this, fresh pages were generated, the verification text was included, and the barcode at the bottom of the documents was appended. The integration of these technology combinations, along with the implementation of a validation process, facilitates the identification of any alterations made to documents. [PERSON] et al. [35] proposed a framework for securing Architecture, Engineering, and Construction (AEC) projects. The first part of this framework is a smart contract utilising blockchain technology for the document certification process. The second part is a blockchain-based protected ledger data paradigm for auditing and controlling irrevocable documents (altered records). The third component is a modified Merkle-Patrick Trie (MPT)-based document version history data structure. In addition, [PERSON] et al. [36] presented a solution for the online publication of digital content such as books. This framework's primary objective was to address the challenge of authorship and originality for online consumers. IPFS was used to store content, and blockchain smart contracts were used to monitor and manage content versions. [PERSON] et al. [37] proposed a novel blockchain paradigm that governments could use to develop a blockchain ecosystem for the provision of public services. The authors of this study have developed the blockchain model by conducting an inquiry into permissioned blockchain platforms and examining a use case for blockchain-enabled home rentals that has been implemented by the Dubai government. The outcomes of the suggested blockchain framework encompass a blockchain governance framework, a delineation of participants and their corresponding duties, and a network architectural template that specifies the diverse installation alternatives and their component elements. Additionally, the authors analyse the security and performance of the model, along with its lifecycle and blockchain services. The article additionally examines various instances of government usage of blockchain technology through the implementation of evidence of concept or prototypes.