## 5 Computational Experiments
### Experimental Experiments and Comparative Analysis
#### 5.3.3 Heuristic Optimization Under Limited Capacity of CI
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{l c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c} \hline \hline
**HACO** & \multicolumn{6}{c}{**BR-GRASP**} & \multicolumn{6}{c}{**SA**} & \multicolumn{6}{c}{**GA**} & \multicolumn{6}{c}{**GA-GSKK**} \\ \hline
**Instance** & **\#Vch** & **\#BS** & **TC** & **\#Vch** & **\#BS** & **TC** & **GAP3** & **\#Vch** & **\#BS** & **TC** & **GAP4** & **\#Vch** & **\#BS** & **TC** & **GAP5** & **\#Vch** & **\#BS** & **TC** & **GAP6** \\ \hline C50\_8 & 11 & 0 & **4330.37** & 11 & 1 & 4480.03 & 3.46\% & 11 & 1 & 4403.62 & 1.69\% & 11 & 4 & 4757.64 & 9.87\% & 11 & 4 & 4698.57 & 8.50\% \\ C50\_9 & 11 & 0 & **4293.86** & 11 & 0 & 4344.61 & 1.18\% & 11 & 0 & 4298.40 & 0.11\% & 11 & 4 & 4740.53 & 10.40\% & 11 & 4 & 4731.73 & 10.20\% \\ C50\_10 & 10 & 4 & **4333.15** & 11 & 4 4346.80 & 2.86\% & 11 & 0 & 4331.69 & 0.42\% & 11 & 4 & 4747.33 & 10.00\% & 11 & 4 & 4747.33 & 10.00\% \\ Average & 10.8 & 0.7 & 4310.05 & 11 & 0.47 & 4414.97 & 2.66\% & 11 & 0.43\% & 11 & 4.3 & 4768.46 & 10.88\% & 11 & 4 & 4746.35 & 10.14\% \\ C100-12 & 22 & 3 & **8938.36** & 22 & 3 & 8961.43 & 0.29\% & 22 & 3 & 8991.37 & 0.59\% & 21 & 14 & 9625.67 & 7.69\% & 21 & 14 & 9600.92 & 7.41\% \\ C100-2 & 21 & 4 & 8634.82 & 22 & 3 & 8966.90 & 3.87\% & 21 & 3 & 8513.49 & -1.41\% & 21 & 13 & 9523.00 & 10.29\% & 21 & 13 & 9517.22 & 10.22\% \\ C100-3 & 22 & 3 & **8922.85** & 24 & 4 & 90792.12 & 1.75\% & 22 & 4 & 9044.09 & 1.36\% & 21 & 17 & 9857.47 & 10.68\% & 21 & 16 & 9853.85 & 10.23\% \\ C100-4 & 21 & 0 & **8192.61** & 22 & 0 & 8608.53 & 5.08\% & 21 & 1 & 12 & 9826.80 & 1.27\% & 21 & 12 & 9369.75 & 14.33\% & 21 & 11 & 9394.88 & 13.26\% \\ C100-5 & 22 & 2 & 8824.04 & 22 & 2 & 89152.8 & 1.03\% & 21 & 5 & 8907.62 & -1.32\% & 22 & 10 & 9641.13 & 9.26\% & 22 & 10 & 9993.99 & 8.72\% \\ C100-6 & 21 & 4 & **8613.41** & 22 & 8 & 8825.19 & 2.46\% & 21 & 4 & 8643.94 & 0.35\% & 21 & 13 & 9497.40 & 12.72 & 21 & 13 & 9476.62 & 10.02\% \\ C100-7 & 21 & 5 & **8748.09** & 22 & 3 & 8968.95 & 2.52\% & 22 & 3 & 8951.39 & 2.32\% & 22 & 13 & 9982.10 & 13.08\% & 22 & 13 & 9881.83 & 13.00\% \\ C100-8 & 21 & 6 & 8816.99 & 22 & 3 & 89864.54 & 1.09\% & 22 & 1 & **8701.80** & -13 & 21 & 15 & 9769.96 & 10.81\% & 21 & 15 & 9730.82 & 10.37\% \\ C100-9 & 21 & 5 & **8737.95** & 21 & 7 & 98798.39 & 2.75\% & 21 & 6 & 88907.68 & 22 & 11 & 14 & 9599.92 & 9.86\% & 22 & 9 & 9556.92 & 9.37\% \\ C100-10 & 21 & 3 & **8738.32** & 2 & 88636.17 & 4.28\% & 21 & 5 & 8704.68 & 2.73\% & 21 & 12 & 9933.64 & 10.80\% & 21 & 11 & 9266.07 & 9.35\% \\ Average & 21.3 & 3.5 & 8690.24 & 21.9 & 2.9 & 8912.89 & 2.59\% & 21.4 & 3.5 & 8736.49 & 0.54\% & 21.2 & 13 & 9618.78 & 10.72\% & 21.3 & 12.5 & 9577.14 & 10.23\% \\ \hline \hline \multicolumn{11}{c}{Note GAPs 100 + (TC of BR-GRASP - TC of HACO)/TC of HACO, GA 100x + (TC of SA - TC of HACO)/TC of HACO, GAPs + 100x + (TC of SA - TC of HACO)/TC of HACO, GAPs + 100x + (TC of GA- TC of HACO)/TC of HACO, GAPs + 100x + (TC of GA- CAS - TC of HACO)/TC of HACO, GAPs + 100x + (TC of GA- CAS - TC of HACO)/TC of HACO, GAPs + 100x + (TC of GA- CAS - TC of HACO)/TC of HACO, GAPs + 100x + (TC of GA- CAS - TC of HACO)/TC of HACO, GAPs + 100x + (TC of GA- CAS - TC of HACO)/TC of HACO, GAPs + 10x + (TC of GA- CAS - TC of HACO)/TC of HACO, GAPs + 100x + (TC of GA- CAS - TC of HACO)/TC of HACO, GAPs + 10x + (TC of GA- CAS - TC of HACO)/TC of HACO, GAPs + 100x + (TC of GA- CAS - TC of HACO)  
The analysis of the diagram reveals three key insights. First, the fixed cost and distance cost constitute the primary components of total expenses, collectively accounting for over 90% of the overall cost structure. Given the assumption in this study that the depot is far from customer locations and energy replenishment infrastructures, increasing the number of vehicles can significantly increase travel distances. Under normal circumstances, the fixed cost and distance cost exhibit proportional growth.