## 3 Results
### Study of the Impact of Single Exposure WBC  
Initially, the effect of a single cold exposure on the measured skin characteristics was assessed. The effect of the 1 st, 10 th, and 20 th treatments was checked. Different changes were indicated for SG and CG. In the normo-weight group, a significant increase was indicated in forearm hydration after the 1 st treatment (\(p=0.020\); d = \(-0.835\)) and an increase in the R\({}^{2}\) cutometer parameter on the forearm at the 20 th treatment (\(p=0.025\); d = \(-0.796\)). In overweight or obese subjects: there was a significant decrease in TEWL on the forearm at the 10 th treatment (\(p=0.045\); d = \(0.652\)) and 20 th treatment (\(p=0.030\); d = \(0.721\)). There were no differences among the study groups after a single application of the cryogenic stimulus in the form of WBC for biophysical characteristics of facial skin (Table 3). \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c c c c c} \hline \hline  & \multicolumn{10}{c}{Face} \\ \cline{2-11}  & \multicolumn{5}{c}{Study Group} & \multicolumn{5}{c}{Control Group} & \multicolumn{5}{c}{\(p\)} \\ \cline{2-11}  & \(\overline{x}\) & SD & Med & Min & Max & \(\overline{x}\) & SD & Med & Min & Max & SG vs. CG \\ \hline Hydration & \multirow{2}{*}{51.73} & \multirow{2}{*}{13.12} & \multirow{2}{*}{52.30} & \multirow{2}{*}{26.07} & \multirow{2}{*}{72.93} & \multirow{2}{*}{55.77} & \multirow{2}{*}{8.91} & \multirow{2}{*}{55.53} & \multirow{2}{*}{42.47} & \multirow{2}{*}{68.93} & \multirow{2}{*}{0.185} \\ [IU] & & & & & & & & & & \\ \hline TEWL & \multirow{2}{*}{20.28} & \multirow{2}{*}{3.42} & \multirow{2}{*}{19.42} & \multirow{2}{*}{15.81} & \multirow{2}{*}{27.12} & \multirow{2}{*}{10.94} & \multirow{2}{*}{3.50} & \multirow{2}{*}{10.50} & \multirow{2}{*}{5.80} & \multirow{2}{*}{16.80} & \multirow{2}{*}{<0.001} \\ [g/m\({}^{2}\)/h] & & & & & & & & & & \\ \hline pH & 4.89 & 0.55 & 4.83 & 4.05 & 6.02 & 4.81 & 0.78 & 5.00 & 3.47 & 5.85 & 0.715 \\ \hline R\({}^{0}\) & 0.30 & 0.06 & 0.33 & 0.21 & 0.38 & 0.18 & 0.03 & 0.18 & 0.13 & 0.23 & \textless{}0.001 \\ \hline R\({}^{2}\) & 77.04 & 13.96 & 77.69 & 51.63 & 96.90 & 65.52 & 10.52 & 66.77 & 53.63 & 85.93 & 0.061 \\ \hline \multicolumn{11}{c}{Forearm} \\ \cline{2-11}  & \multicolumn{5}{c}{Study group} & \multicolumn{5}{c}{Control group} & \multicolumn{5}{c}{\(p\)} \\ \cline{2-11}  & \(\overline{x}\) & SD & Med & Min & Max & \(\overline{x}\) & SD & Med & Min & Max & SG vs. CG \\ \hline Hydration & \multirow{2}{*}{40.77} & \multirow{2}{*}{8.84} & \multirow{2}{*}{38.45} & \multirow{2}{*}{30.40} & \multirow{2}{*}{57.53} & \multirow{2}{*}{44.91} & \multirow{2}{*}{6.92} & \multirow{2}{*}{45.90} & \multirow{2}{*}{35.20} & \multirow{2}{*}{55.70} & \multirow{2}{*}{0.074} \\ [IU] & & & & & & & & & & \\ \hline TEWL & \multirow{2}{*}{20.74} & \multirow{2}{*}{12.26} & \multirow{2}{*}{15.71} & \multirow{2}{*}{9.54} & \multirow{2}{*}{42.64} & \multirow{2}{*}{12.94} & \multirow{2}{*}{5.79} & \multirow{2}{*}{11.10} & \multirow{2}{*}{7.06} & \multirow{2}{*}{25.90} & \multirow{2}{*}{0.111} \\ [g/m\({}^{2}\)/h] & & & & & & & & & & \\ \hline pH & 4.98 & 0.74 & 4.64 & 4.19 & 6.66 & 4.67 & 0.73 & 4.67 & 3.76 & 5.84 & 0.273 \\ \hline R\({}^{0}\) & 0.29 & 0.04 & 0.29 & 0.22 & 0.35 & 0.19 & 0.02 & 0.19 & 0.17 & 0.22 & \textless{}0.001 \\ \hline R\({}^{2}\) & 79.86 & 6.77 & 81.30 & 69.33 & 90.17 & 75.76 & 6.97 & 77.37 & 64.47 & 83.67 & 0.369 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 2: Baseline biophysical features of the participants’ skin on the face and forearm.