## 2 Related Works
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{p{113.8 pt} p{113.8 pt} p{113.8 pt} p{113.8 pt}} \hline
**Article \& Authors** & **Contributions** & **Disadvantages** & **Advantages** \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{[PERSON] et al. [26]} & Proposed an Incentive and Punishment Scheme (IPS) to deal with the problem of selfishness in the Internet of Vehicles (IoV) & Whenever the number of selfish nodes increases, its performance degrades & A proper solution for a weight-tie problem \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{[PERSON] et al. [28]} & Proposed a Socially Omitting Selfishness (SOS) scheme to handle the issue of selfishness & No categorization of selfish nodes & It can be used for both intra and inter-communities \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{[PERSON] et al. [31]} & Proposed a secure credit-based approach called the earliest path singular rewarding (EPSR) scheme to encourage selfish nodes for cooperation & No incentive differentiation (fixed incentive to all nodes) & The reputation score of a node is increased only when it successfully delivered the bundles \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{[PERSON] et al. [32]} & Proposed a reward-based incentive strategy to handle the issue of selfishness & Performance degrades when selfish nodes in the network increases & The relay nodes are given payment after successful delivery \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{[PERSON] et al. [33]} & Credit-Based scheme to tackle the problem of selfishness & Strict Punishment (node once punished cannot join the network again) & Warning node for showing selfish behavior for the first time \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{[PERSON] et al. [34]} & Proposed a routing scheme called SCR to handle the issue of selfishness & Nodes with higher threshold the reputations may be expelled as they are not qualified & Nodes are encouraged to cooperate socially \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{[PERSON] et al. [35]} & Introduce a Secure Credit-Based Incentive Strategy (SCIS) for single-copy routing with appropriate & Individual selfishness (nodes do not share their resources with all other nodes to whom it has a social relationship ) \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{[PERSON] et al. [36]} & Proposed a novel reputation mechanism called Distributed Approach for Selfishness & Ignore selfish behaviors such as manipulation and self-centeredness, etc. & Selfish node detection message is broadcasted to all other nodes in the network \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{[PERSON] et al. [37]} & Presented a long-term reputation system for selfishness & It does not determine the collusion among nodes & Message encryption \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{[PERSON] et al. [38]} & Proposed a reputation system to deal with the issue of selfishness in VDTNs & Sometimes watchdog nodes can also be selfish & Watchdog nodes constantly check the behavior of all other nodes \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{[PERSON] et al. [39]} & Proposed the dempster–Shafer based tit-for-at technique using QoS-OLSR protocol & High overhead & Encourage truth-telling using Dempster-Shafer Model \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{[PERSON] et al. [40]} & Introduced two collaborative-based tit-for-at approaches called Group Reputation and Cooperative Detection & Nothing for omitting selfishness in VANETs \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{[PERSON] et al. [41]} & Proposed a hybrid reward system called ICARUS & Fixed incentive & Nodes are treated equally \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{[PERSON] et al. [42]} & Proposed a reputation-based credit model (RCM) for Selfishness & Each node needed its memory to maintain the reputation file & Encouraged more nodes for cooperation \\ \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 1: Summary of all the strategies used in related works.