## 1 Introduction  
The dramatically rapid development of the global economy has incurred a large amount of carbon emission over the world, which consequently causes some challenging environmental and climate issues. Generally, energy-saving and emission reduction are effective ways to confront these issues, which is therefore promoted by many countries using mandatory regulations, such as mandatory cap, cap and trade, carbon tax, and carbon offset, in view of the differences over industries. These administrative regulations transfer the carbon emission permit as one kind of production factor for manufacturing industry. Additionally, an increasing number of countries have implemented the project of low-carbon products certification (such as Germany's Product carbon footprint (PCF) Pilot Project, UK's Carbon Reduction Label Scheme, China's Administration Measures of Energy-saving, and Low-carbon Product Certification). These activities granting low-carbon label to products urge the whole society to pay attention to and participate in coping with global warming. For instance, manufacturing firms may turn to carbon efficient procurement and energy-saving consumption pattern referring to consumers' low-carbon preference. Moreover, substantial enterprises might adopt low-carbon technology and switch to low-carbon production mode. Behind these endeavors is the pulsion and ambition of governments, e.g., Chinese government promised to reduce carbon emission in a certain period. The literature and practice both show that consumers' low-carbon awareness is increasing under the appealing and guide of governmental policies and low-carbon economy atmosphere. This further provides manufacturing industry the motivation to adopt low-carbon technology and improve emission intensity. [PERSON] et al. [1] showed that a growing number of consumers are willing to pay higher price for environment friendly products. According to [PERSON] et al. [2], 75% European planned to purchase costly green products in the year of 2008 more than just 31% of this kind in 2005. Furthermore, [PERSON] and [PERSON] [3] verified that emission reduction policies of government also have an impact on consumers' low-carbon awareness and behavior by empirical research. The phenomenon presented that environmental factors of products is not a neglectable factor for products' demand. For instance, in response to government appeal and consumers' low-carbon preference, Haier Electronics developed disruptive technology of water heater-three-dimensional (3D) Fast Heat, which can remarkably reduce energy consumption and bring convenience for consumers. From the viewpoint of supply chain, its members may play different roles in energy-saving and carbon emission reduction. Taking a simple dyadic supply chain as an example, reducing emission intensity might go throughout the entire process from purchasing through manufacturing, distribution, transportation, storage, and operation to retailing activities. The retailer can promote carbon-efficient products and enhance consumers' low-carbon awareness to increase demand and marginal profit. For instance, Walmart once held consumption week with the topic of \"Green life, Consumption with Wisdom aiming at drawing consumers\" attention to green food sources and energy-saving appliances. Apparently, the manufacturer naturally takes the main role of reducing carbon emission, the cost of which, however, can be pooled by the retailer. The cooperation on emission reduction as well as promoting low-carbon demand can be helpful in carbon control and profitability for the whole supply chain. Therefore, one of our main research questions is whether these two parties can have stable strategy of energy-saving and emission reduction in the long-term cooperation. Before giving response to this question, we can observe in reality some typical cases in which manufacturers and retailers cooperate in handling carbon reduction and low-carbon supply chain operations.