## 8 Conclusions  
This paper introduces a newly developed and successfully applied method for utilizing vibrated grout-enriched CSGR as the protective and seepage control layer in CSGR dams, in conjunction with a T-shaped water stop structure. Additionally, specialized construction equipment for slurry addition and CSGR vibration has been developed. The main conclusions are as follows:  
(1) Using the cement slurry with a water-cement ratio of 0.42, under the grouting rates of 8% and 12%, the C\({}_{180}\)4 dry-hard cemented sand, gravel and rock with a VC value of 2-8 s can be changed into the vibro-cemented sand, gravel and rock with a slump of 10-60 mm grade C\({}_{90}\)15W8F100 and C\({}_{90}\)20W11F125, respectively. (2) A strong bonding effect exists between the new T-shaped surface water stop and the protective layer, with a bonding strength exceeding 1.8 MPa. The water stop surface \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{p{113.8 pt} p{113.8 pt} p{113.8 pt} p{113.8 pt} p{113.8 pt}} \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**Material**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**The Amount of Ceneentitious (kg/m3)**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**Cost per Cubic Meter (Yuan)**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**Construction Technology**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**Remarks**} \\ \cline{2-2} \cline{4-4} \cline{6-6}  & **Cement** & & & & \\ \hline CVC & 140 & 60 & 310 & Vibration, needs grading of aggregate and has interference with CSGR rolling construction. & The average aggregate is 90 yuan per ton \\ GERCC & 151 & 36 & 293 & grading of aggregate and has interference with CSGR rolling construction & The average aggregate is 90 yuan per ton \\ Vibrated grout-enriched CSGR & 151 & 36 & 142 & grading of aggregate and has interference (high seamless transition) with CSGR rolling construction. & The average aggregate is 20 yuan per ton \\ \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 12: Cost comparison of different protection and seepage control layers. exhibits an anti-water pressure ability greater than 1.6 MPa, effectively sealing joints in CSGR dams. (3) Specially developed CSGR grouting and vibrating equipment can be adapted for use in the construction of the upstream and downstream impermeable protective layers of CSGR under conditions characterized by limited surface area and large particle size. (4) When the height of the dam is low, Cemented Sand, Gravel and Rock dams can be constructed on non-rock foundations. To ensure project safety, a design approach is employed that separates the cutoff wall from the dam body, and utilizes a T-shaped surface water stop design to prevent mutual interference. The novel technique has demonstrated significant economic, environmental, and safety advantages in the Minjiang Navigation and Hydropower Qianwei Project and the Shaping I Hydropower Station on the Dadu River. The developed technique will offer immense sustainability when adopted in subsequent projects: Firstly, it will reduce construction costs by replacing traditional concrete with a vibrated grout-enriched CSGR mixture, utilizing locally available materials and reducing cement usage through fly ash substitution. Secondly, it will optimize construction processes by simplifying the construction of the protection and impermeable layer, thereby reducing time and disruptions. Thirdly, it will provide environmental benefits by minimizing the carbon footprint, thus promoting eco-friendly practices. Lastly, safety shall be enhanced through specialized equipment automation and the use of the developed T-shaped surface water stop, ensuring greater stability of dam structures. Formal analysis, [PERSON]; Investigation, [PERSON] ([PERSON]); Resources, [PERSON]; Writing--original draft, [PERSON] ([PERSON]); Writing--review and editing, [PERSON] ([PERSON]) and [PERSON]; Supervision, [PERSON] and C.Z. ; Funding acquisition, [PERSON] All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript. This research is financially supported by the National Key Research and Development Plan of China under Grant No.