###### Abstract  
The majority of the energy required for human survival is derived either directly or indirectly from solar radiation, thus it is important to investigate the periodic fluctuations in global solar radiation over time. In this study, six cities--Harbin, Shenyang, Beijing, Shanghai, Wuhan, and Guangzhou--located in the utilizable areas of solar energy in China, were selected, and the periodicity of the daily global solar radiation of these six cities with time were investigated by means of wavelet power spectrum analysis. Furthermore, Harbin, which has the lowest monthly average of global solar radiation in the cold of winter, was selected to explore the temporal evolution relationship between global solar radiation and other meteorological factors, and air quality factors by wavelet coherence analysis. Among the meteorological factors, the correlation between global solar radiation and sunshine duration exhibits the highest level of consistency. Global solar radiation demonstrates a positive association with atmospheric temperature/wind speed/precipitation over the annual cycle. Conversely, it displays a negative correlation with atmospheric pressure during this time frame. Additionally, on shorter timescales, global solar radiation is negatively correlated with air humidity and precipitation. Among air quality factors, the relationship between global solar radiation and CO/NO\({}_{2}\)/O\({}_{3}\)/PM\({}_{2.5}\)/PM\({}_{10}\)/SO\({}_{2}\) primarily manifests in the broader annual cycle time scale. Within this context, global solar radiation shows a positive correlation with O\({}_{3}\), while displaying negative associations with the other five air quality indicators. These findings contribute to urban environmental planning and the effective management and utilization of solar radiation, thereby providing valuable insights to guide the future development of cross-regional comprehensive energy utilization projects under diverse climatic and geographical conditions. Additionally, they serve as a reference for subsequent research aimed at enhancing the accuracy of global solar radiation prediction models. Global solar radiation; wavelet analysis; big data; meteorological factor 22 April  
reserves [3]. The utilization of solar energy resources has emerged as a significant choice in addressing issues related to energy scarcity, climate change, and the imperative for energy conservation and emission reduction due to its status as an important renewable energy source characterized by clean, abundant storage capacity, environmental friendliness, sustainability, and long-term viability [4]. By embracing the widespread adoption of solar power on a large scale, we can effectively diminish our reliance on fossil fuels while simultaneously meeting the escalating global demand for energy and successfully mitigating or alleviating the mounting challenges posed by dwindling conventional energy sources and environmental pollution caused by traditional forms of energy [5; 6; 7; 8]. Solar radiation is a crucial factor that impacts the development and utilization of solar energy resources, serving as the primary energy source for various physical and biochemical processes on the Earth's surface. However, solar radiation variability is easily influenced by environmental pollution, atmospheric cloud cover, atmospheric water vapor content, and other factors, leading to significant fluctuations [9; 10; 11]. Moreover, due to latitude variations, terrain characteristics, and climate conditions, the distribution of solar energy resources becomes relatively complex, with distinct variations in solar radiation values across different regions [12]. Therefore, analyzing the spatio-temporal dynamic distribution of solar radiation holds immense significance for planning and implementing solar energy technology.