## 3 Results
### Focus of the Studies
Early rain season fires are employed in agriculture and pasture management to promote new sprouting of crops or new grass in pastures [166]. Lastly, [PERSON] et al. and [PERSON] et al. applied their LULC mapping approach to assess malaria risk by identifying irrigated croplands, such as rice fields [73; 167]. In the \"Climate Impacts\" category, three studies examine evapotranspiration monitoring using a range of various spatial resolutions and approaches that integrate modeling with satellite data fusion. Monitoring evapotranspiration is crucial for several reasons: (i) tracking the timing, location, and volume of water released into the atmosphere through evaporation; (ii) assessing crop performance and predicting famine by monitoring drought impacts; (iii) evaluating the irrigation system efficiency; and (iv) improving weather forecasting accuracy. Challenges include the lack of high-resolution thermal satellite data and the lack of (non-biased) validation data [23; 169; 170]. Five studies focused on assessing drought vulnerability in the Sahel region [91; 171; 172; 173; 174]. As the three physical types of droughts (meteorological, agricultural, and hydrological) are interconnected, a single indicator or an index quantifying an individual type of drought may proof insufficient to capture combined droughs and their related impacts. In contrast, the use of a composite drought index (CDI) provides a more comprehensive assessment by integrating different drought types [171]. The reviewed studies employ various drought indices to examine the effects of dry spells on the groundnut basin in Senegal for instance [91]. They use time-series analysis at lower spatial resolutions, as meteorological effects typically affect larger scales, deeming 1 km\({}^{2}\) resolution sufficient. Further reviewed studies related to climate explore vegetation health and greenness in relation to soil moisture and rainfall pattern [177; 178; 179; 180]. Some research emphasizes methods to retrieve parameters like soil moisture from radar analyses [49; 183]. Other studies investigated phenological parameter retrieval, such as Start of Season (SOS), Length of Season (LOS), and End of Season (EOS), and how those have evolved over time due to either climate related [180] changes or through shifts in agroecological management [182]. For instance, [PERSON] and [PERSON] [35] state that the combined effect of recent changes in rainfall, land surface temperature and solar radiation explains approximately 40% of the variation in cropland productivity over West Africa at the 95% significance level. Other drivers are, for instance, increased inputs (irrigation and fertilizer) or land degradation [181; 182; 184]. The category \"Other\" includes studies with objectives outside the main categories. [PERSON] et al. (2015) [195] focused on mapping vegetation senescence in arid areas using spectral indices for near-real-time monitoring, applied in Mauritania for desert locust habitat monitoring. [PERSON] et al. (2013) [196] also employed vegetation indices to assess vegetation growth post-rainfall to map locust habitats. [PERSON] et al. (2023) [188] used Sentinel-2 data for mapping non-active agricultural land in Burkina Faso, employing machine learning for high-resolution fallow land detection. [PERSON] et al. (2023) [187] developed and implemented the Change and Health Evaluation and Response System (CHEERS) as a methodological framework for better adaptation policies in low-income regions. [PERSON] et al. (2021) [83] investigated land use changes in Senegal's Djilor district to improve land management practices. They evaluated soil salinity as a key indicator for identifying practices that mitigate the adverse effects of increasing soil salinity. [PERSON] et al. (2020) [189] analyzed hydraulic data and satellite imagery to understand water constraints and flood-recession agriculture in the Senegal River Valley. [PERSON] et al.