## 2 Materials and Methods
### Simulation Model  
The building was modeled in Autodesk Revit. For detailed daylight analysis, the model was exported to Rhinoceros 3D to perform lighting analysis with the DIVA plugin. In addition to the simulated building wing, direct surroundings were also modeled to consider potential shading. The material properties and simulation parameters used for the calculations are described in Table 4.  
For each workplace area on the second, third, and fourth floors, a grid of 1.45 \(\times\) 1.45 m at workplace height (\(h\) = 0.75 m) was used to calculate the mean, minimum, and maximum horizontal illuminance under CIE Standard Clear Sky, CIE Intermediate Sky, and CIE Standard Overcast Sky conditions [21]; for the rest of the paper, these are refered to as 'clear', 'overcast', and 'intermediate' sky conditions. The same setting was applied for the room area of each room for horizontal illuminance (E\({}_{\text{h-room}}\)), ASE, and DA calculations. One point in the middle of each room with a viewing direction towards windows was selected for the vertical eye illuminance (E\({}_{\text{v-eye}}\)) and DGP calculations under clear, intermediate, and overcast sky conditions. As the questionnaires were filled out in early October and early June, a day in early October (11) and early June (4) was chosen for the simulation to have a comparable day length and sun path. In total, 67.2% of the questionnaires were filled out in the morning; hence, for the simulation, a time in the morning was selected (10 a.m.).  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c} \hline \hline
**Material** & **Reflectance/Visible Light Transmittance (Tvis) in \%** \\ \hline Walls & White interior wall 70\% \\ Floor & Generic floor 20\% \\ Ceiling & Generic ceiling 70\% \\ Desk & Generic furniture 50\% \\ Glazing & Glazing double pan 80\% \\ External Shading & Metal sheet \\ Surrounding Building & Outside faced 35\% \\ Ground & Outside ground 20\% \\ \hline \hline \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Simulation Parameters for Daylight Autonomy**} \\ \hline Weather Data & Goteborg—Landvetter Airport, Sweden \\ Occupancy Schedule & 8-18 with Daylight Saving Time (DST) 60 min \\ Target Illuminance & 300 lux \\ Radiance Parameters & -ab2 -ad 1000 -as 20 -ar 300 -aa \\ Sensor Density & Grade sensor—750 mm above 450 mm distance \\ Shading & No automated shading \\ Electric Lighting & No electric lighting \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}
Table 4: Material properties and simulation parameters.  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c} \hline \hline
**Criteria** & **Metrics** & **Time** \\ \hline \hline  & Mean/maximum/minimum & \\  & illuminance value on the task area & Moment \\  & (Eh-Task) & \\ Illuminance (under CIE Standard & Mean/maximum/minimum & \\ Clear Sky, CIE Intermediate Sky, and & illuminance value on room surface & Moment \\ CIE Standard Overcast Sky) & (Eh-Room) & \\  & Vertical eye illuminance (Ev-eye) & Moment \\  & Daylight Autonomy (DA) & Annual \\  & Spatial Daylight Autonomy (sDA) & Annual \\ \hline Glare (under CIE Standard Clear Sky, & Daylight Glare Probability (DGP) & Moment \\ CIE Intermediate Sky, and CIE & Annual Sunlight Exposure (ASE) & Annual \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}
Table 3: Collected visual comfort metrics (daylighting).