Their stiffness and damping can be adjusted through variations in temperature or strain rate, making them a significant research focus in materials science and engineering technology in recent years ([PERSON] et al., 2018; [PERSON] et al., 2018; [PERSON] et al., 2018). The composite shock absorber, leveraging the superelasticity and high energy dissipation capabilities of SMAs, demonstrates exceptional performance in addressing the diverse and high-intensity vibration challenges encountered during vehicle operation. Empirical evidence has shown that this composite shock absorber can withstand multiple reuses under varying stress conditions, showcasing robust durability and substantial vibration reduction effects. This technology holds significant innovative potential in the field of automotive vibration reduction ([PERSON] et al., 2018; [PERSON] et al., 2018; [PERSON] et al., 2018). [PERSON] et al. (2018) combined the advantages of piezoelectric materials and shape memory alloys to study a new type of shock absorber, explored the influence of the number and arrangement of shape memory alloy wires on the vibration reduction effect, and experimentally concludedthat piezoelectric ceramic control strategies can improve the vibration reduction effect of the structure. [PERSON] et al. [21] analyzed the mechanical properties of shape memory alloy (SMA) wires and their application in damping systems, designed and manufactured a detachable SMA suspension pendulum damping system, and demonstrated significant control effects under dynamic excitation, providing an effective reference for structural vibration control. [PERSON] et al. [22] proposed a two-stage friction-type shape memory alloy (SMA) damper and evaluated the vibration control performance of a drum washing machine. The vibration control effects were obtained at three different operating frequencies, and it was found that the SMA damper significantly improved the vibration control performance at both low and high frequencies. [PERSON] et al. [23] developed a shape memory alloy steel wire laminated rubber composite bearing based on its superelastic properties. Through comparative experiments on seismic simulation vibration tables, the influence of the displacement amplitude of the isolation layer on the isolation parameters such as unit cycle energy consumption, equivalent horizontal stiffness, maximum recovery force, and the equivalent resistance ratio of the composite bearing was analyzed, verifying its superiority in isolation performance. Optimizing the combination of SMA metal modules and rubber damping components to fully leverage their advantages presents numerous technical difficulties and challenges in practical applications. Firstly, the phase transition characteristics of SMA materials are highly sensitive to temperature and stress, rendering their behavior in diverse working environments unpredictable. Temperature fluctuations or uneven stress distributions can result in the unstable performance of SMA materials, thereby compromising the overall efficacy of the vibration reduction system [24; 25; 26; 27]. Secondly, there is a substantial disparity in the mechanical properties between SMA and rubber materials. Rubber materials exhibit high elasticity and low stiffness, while a significant stress-strain response and superior energy dissipation properties characterize SMAs. It is imperative to effectively integrate these two materials to achieve an optimal vibration reduction effect, synergizing SMAs' phase transition characteristics with rubber's elastic properties. This necessitates precise structural design and meticulous parameter optimization. However, existing optimization design methods for SMA rubber composite structures under varying working conditions remain incomplete, limiting their ability to fully meet practical application needs [28; 29; 30; 31]. Additionally, different excitation frequencies and vibration amplitudes impose distinct performance requirements on composite dampers.