# Electroencephalography (EEG) Technology Applications and Available Devices
## 3 Neurogaming and Entertainment  
* Controlling a video game or virtual reality (VR) environment using body gesture and eye movement [47];
* Controlling fiber optic clothes or dresses [19]. **Neurology:** Real-time EEG signals can be used to provide immediate information about brain-wave activities. EEG data have been applied for diagnosing and predicting many abnormal brain diseases and cognitive impairments, listed below:  
* Epilepsy [48];
* Parkinson's Disease [49];
* Memory problems like Alzheimer's [50];
* Language impairments such as Dyslexia [51];
* Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) [52];
* Seizures [12];
* Schizophrenia [53];
* Autism in adults and children [54; 55];
* Sleep disorders and insomnia [56; 57];
* Anxiety [58];
* Post-traumatic stress disorder [10];
* Huntington's disease [59];
* Multiple sclerosis diagnosis [60];
* Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis [61];
* Traumatic brain injury (TBI) [62];
* Coma [63];
* Level of consciousness [64];
* Neurosurgery [65]. **Neuroscience Research:** Neuroscience attempts to understand the functionality of the nervous system. It allows clinical or non-clinical researchers to get an idea about how the brain acts when humans experience different emotional states and how the brain works in various mental states. Researchers have applied EEG devices in their studies in the below fields. 1. Cognitive neuroscience:
* Measuring cognitive load [28; 66; 67];
* Detecting differences between brain wave activity during suicidal and non-suicidal states [68]. Understanding brain activity during insight (insight is a moment where a human understands how to solve a puzzle or gains knowledge) [69];
* Analyzing brain workload during decision making or learning a new task [60; 70; 71];
* Studying sleep pattern [72];  
2. Behavioral neuroscience:  
* Changing the workplace light and measuring brain alertness status [73];
* Measuring drowsiness or sleep detection for drivers and pilots [74];
* Measuring mental workload of deaf children exposed to a noisy environment during a word recognition task [75];
* Determining surgeon stress level while performing surgery [76];
* Identifying and reducing stress level [77];
* Environmental Psychology [78]. Neurophysiology:  
* Measuring changes in brain after drinking alcohol [79];
* Detecting fatigue [74]. Neuroscience can also be applied to understanding human emotion in VR with/without the ability to touch the environment [80,81] by displaying various types of media, such as:  
* Real world or VR pictures [82];
* Images of nature and city environments [32];
* TV advertisements [36];
* Auditory stimuli [83];
* Multimedia [36,47,69], along with memory recall and dreams [84]. **Neuromarketing or Consumer Neuroscience:** Neuromarketing, one of the newest branches of the advertising industry, aims to understand the consumer's needs, behaviors and emotions, and forecast their decision-making processes [81,85,86,87]. Some neuromarketing research attempts to understand customers' preferences and expectations regarding a specific product [81] and their reaction to TV advertising by analyzing EEG signals [86,87]. **Biometrics:** Recognizing and distinguishing people using physiological or behavioral features such as fingerprint, voice, face, iris, gaze, gait and/or posture is called biometrics [71,88,89]. Studies show that EEG data can provide information about individuals' differences. Recently, cognitive and emotional brain status has been utilized for biometrics, meaning EEG data are used to identify people [89]. The main ideas behind why EEG-based biometric systems have received more attention recently relate to privacy compliance and robustness to spoofing attacks, as well as universality [88,89]. **Custom Solutions and Neurofeedback (Neurotherapy):** EEG devices have been applied in other areas of research to make a comfortable environment, improve well-being and life quality, and boost the learning process. Neurofeedback data can be used for either clinical or non-clinical research. Some customized EEG solutions are listed:  
**1.