# Activation Analyses of Disposal Options for Irradiated Be\({}_{12}\)Ti
## 6 Conclusions  
The activity and the disposal options of the irradiated Be\({}_{12}\)Ti were assessed for the HCPB DEMO blankets making use of a code system that enables performing 3D activation calculations by linking the Monte Carlo transport code MCNP and the fusion inventory code FISPACT through the appropriate interface. The dedicated full-scale geometry MCNP model of the 11.25 degree HCPB DEMO torus was adapted to the requirements for the coupled 3D neutron transport and activation calculations. Special attention was paid to the use in the activation calculations of the commercial materials containing technological impurities. This has a crucial effect on the results and the impurities must be carefully accounted for in any nuclear safety analyses. The activation analyses were performed for the HCPB DEMO breeder blankets for several decay cooling times from shutdown up to 100 years. The method used enabled the calculations for the activity of the Be\({}_{12}\)Ti in different locations in the HCPB blankets. The total activity of the Be\({}_{12}\)Ti (\"average\" material composition) in the whole reactor is \(\sim\)5.42\(\cdot\)10\({}^{17}\) Bq right after the reactor shutdown and it decreases up to \(\sim\)7.2\(\cdot\)10\({}^{15}\) Bq after 1 month. For the longer cooling time, the differences in the total activity of the Be\({}_{12}\)Ti with various material compositions become more significant and the activity has the deviation for different material compositions. The short-term activity is formed by the radionuclides produced through the activation of Be and Ti nuclei and the long-term activity is formed by the products of the neutron irradiation taking place on the impurities. A prerequisite for the disposal or the recycling of the irradiated Be\({}_{12}\)Ti is its deep detritition; otherwise, the very high-tritium activity would fully prevent any attempt for its treatment. The most preferable is the use of the Be\({}_{12}\)Ti from the Ulba factory: this material composition includes fewer material impurities, especially uranium. The uranium impurity should be kept at the level below 0.002 wt.% to satisfy the safety limits for the storage. The disposal of the Be\({}_{12}\)Ti blocks irradiated in the HCPB DEMO is not possible 100 years after the reactor shutdown in the UK repositories. There could be the option to dispose the Be\({}_{12}\)Ti intermediate-level wastes in the French repository after 1 year of cooling assuming the detailed control of the impurities that fulfil the French authority requirements. The fission products resulting from the uranium impurity do not represent the environmental risk, for both short- and long-term disposal strategies of the irradiated Be\({}_{12}\)Ti. The El Cabril repository could also be the proper site for the disposal of the irradiated Be\({}_{12}\)Ti if the integral limits will not be applied in this case. The German repository even in spite of its large capacity does not provide enough space for the Be\({}_{12}\)Ti wastes' storage. In the case of the theoretical possibility for the Be\({}_{12}\)Ti disposal, the safety limits applied in Germany prevent its storage in the repositories. The USA near-ground repositories could be an alternative to the European sites. The tritium retention in the irradiated Be\({}_{12}\)Ti has to be well investigated and assessed to control the tritium activity and to develop the disposal strategy to ensure secure disposal options. The Be\({}_{12}\)Ti blocks irradiated in the HCPB DEMO blankets could be securely disposed in several repositories worldwide (for instance, in France or in the USA) in case of the use of the Be ore with low-uranium impurity (for example, Ulba beryllium resources). The well-elaborated and certified recycling option of the irradiated Be\({}_{12}\)Ti blocks is not yet addressed and developed. The remote handling technology for the re-fabrication of the blocks from the irradiated material has to be well tested, approved and certified.