## 1 Introduction
Russia remains committed to maintaining a position in the field of human spaceflight and sustaining its key programs [11]. The Indian space program has two objectives: to conduct space discovery and exploration through space missions, and to promote research and education related to space science within the country, with a focus on the fields of remote sensing, astronomy and astrophysics, atmospheric science, and space science in a broad sense [12]. The Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) is an important participant in international space activities. Although Japan lagged far behind the United States, the Soviet Union, and France in launching its first artificial satellite and sending its first astronaut into space, in recent years, through the \"Hayabusa\" and \"Hayabusa2\" spacecraft, Japan has become a world leader in the field of asteroid exploration. Its subsequent focus of space exploration is the Martian moon exploration mission (MMX) [13]. The above-mentioned space research plans of various countries will provide a historical opportunity for the development of ICNT and promote the development of communication, navigation, TT&C technologies, and related services. In both the academic and industrial communities, [PERSON] et al. (1965) discussed the basic considerations for the signal design of the NS communication and tracking system. They considered that meeting the requirements of precise tracking is a prerequisite for realizing an integrated space system, through the application of the characterization and design of precise tracking signals, and illustrated the design constraints of the signals [14], providing reference principles for the subsequent ICNT of NS. [PERSON] (2006) adopted the strategy of applying the K-band to measurement and navigation and proposed a precise navigation and velocity measurement method for GRACE formation-flying satellites that integrates on-board K-band range measurement data, velocimeter data, and international GPS service (IGS) precise ephemeris data to simultaneously estimate the positions and velocities of the formation-flying satellites [15]. [PERSON] et al. (2007), based on the research on regional satellite navigation systems and NS applications, pointed out that the NS is the space-based application field of satellite navigation systems, and satellite navigation systems are the spatiotemporal information foundation for NS applications, and put forward the ideas for NS applications and related key technologies [16]. Due to the difference in flight altitude between the NS platform and the navigation satellite, the NS pseudolite signals have a very serious near-far effect (NFE), and measures must be taken to solve it. To this end, [PERSON] et al. (2009) designed the NS pseudolite signals by using the mature pulse emission method and proposed a design method for the pseudolite signals in the NS regional navigation augmentation system to avoid the occurrence of the NFE [17]. [PERSON] et al. (2010), according to NASA's Ka-band architecture solution for enhancing its space communication capabilities, described the driving factors and concepts of this solution, and analyzed the corresponding constraints and the requirements for future scalability [18]. [PERSON] et al. (2013), aiming at the navigation requirements, proposed a navigation signal design scheme. When the transmission power is 20 dBW and the beam half-angle is 60\({}^{\circ}\), the signal reception power can reach \(-\)167.3 dBW. This research provides a reference for the navigation signal design of NS vehicles [19]. [PERSON] et al. (2014) proposed a regional navigation and positioning system based on NS vehicles, expounded the characteristics of NS vehicles, and based on this basis, established the architecture of the regional navigation system based on NS vehicles, but did not mention how to solve the communication and TT&C problems faced by the NS [20].