## 3 Applications in Food Safety  
Nowadays, there is a growing demand for efficient separation techniques and reduced analysis time to cope with the large number of residues (and contaminants) that may be present in food samples. Modern approaches include the use of monolith columns for chromatography, molecularly-imprinted polymers and novel stationary phases [7,8,16,29].  
Not many analytical methods for the determination of residues and contaminants in food using monoliths can be found in the literature. Table 1 summarizes the implementation of commercial and/or custom-made monolithic sorbents in food analysis (chromatography and sample preparation) in the last five years (2010-2014).  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{|c|c|c|c|c|c|} \hline
**Compound** & **Matrix** & **Monolith** & **Application** & **Reference** & **Observations** \\ \hline Benzimidazole anthelintics & & & & & \\ and metabolites: & & & & & \\ albendazole, albendazole & & & & & \\ sulfoxide, albendazole & Egg, milk, & & & & \\ sulfone, 2-aminoalbendazole & & & & & \\ sulfone, fenbendazole, & & & & & \\ oxfendazole, fenbendazole & & & & & \\ sulfone, mebendazole, & & & & & \\ thiabendazole & & & & & \\
5-hydroxythiabendazole & & & & & \\ \hline Quinolones: arbofloxacin, & & & & & Room \\ norfloxacin, ciprofloxacin, & & & & & temperature \\ danofloxacin, difloxacin, & & & & ionic liquid- \\ oxolinic acid, flumequine, & & & & mediated \\ enrofloxacin & & & & & polymerization \\ \hline Fluoroquinolones: & & & & & \\ ciprofloxacin, difloxacin, & & & & & \\ danofloxacin, enrofloxacin & & & & & \\ \hline Pyrethroids: fenpropathrin, & & & & & \\ permethrin & & & & & \\ \hline Melamine & & & & & \\ and eggs & & & & & \\ \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}
Table 1: Summary of the existing methods using monolith-based technology for the analysis of residues and contaminants in food (period 2010–2014) *.  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{|c|c|c|c|c|c|} \hline
**Compound** & **Matrix** & **Monolith** & **Application** & **Reference** & **Observations** \\ \hline Cyromazine and melamine & Bovine milk & Silica C18 & Spin-column (centrifugal device) & [36] & Commercial MonoSpin® \\ \hline Thiamphenicol & Milk, honey & MIP (4-VP, EGDMA) & PT-MIPMME & [37] & Synthesized in micropipette tip \\ \hline Thiamphenicol & Milk & MIP (4-VP, EGDMA) & PT-MIPMME & [6] & Synthesized in micropipette tip \\ \hline Organnitrogen pesticides: & & & & & \\ alachlor, dichloran, etaconazole, hexaconazole, imazalil, linuron, prochloraz, propiconazole, tebuconazole & Honey & Silica & Purge-and-trap extraction & [38] & Capillary filled with monolith \\ \hline Triazines: cyanazine, & & & & & \\ simazine, atrazine, prometon, ametryn, & Cereal & Poly(MAA-co-EGDMA) & PMME & [39] & Fused-silica capillary \\ \hline Sulfamethoxazole & Milk & MIP (AM, 4-VP) & PT-MIPMME & [40] & Synthesized in micropipette tip \\ \hline PHAs: acenaphthylene, fluoranthene, pyrene, benzo[k]fluoranthene, benzo[b]fluoranthene, benzo[ghi]perylene, fluorine, phenanthrene, anthracene, chrysene, acenaphthhene, benzo[a]anthracene, dibenzo[a,h]anthracene, naphthalene, Benzo[a]pyrene & Seafood & Poly(SMA-co-DVB) & CEC & [41] & On-line preconcentrat ion coupled to APCI-MS \\ \hline Penicillin antibiotics: & & & & \\ amoxicillinillin, ampicillin, penicillin G, oxacillin, cloxacillin, dicloxacillin & Milk, honey & Poly(VI-co-DVB) & SBSE & [42] & Monolithic coating of stir bars \\ \hline Fluoroquinolones: ofloxacin, lomefloxacin, ciprofloxacin, enrofloxacin & Milk & MIP (organic-inorganic hybrid composite) & MISPE monoliths & [43] & Stainless steel column for on-line MISPE; \\ \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}
Table 1: \(Cont\).  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{|c|c|c|c|c|c|} \hline