## 1 Introduction
Later phases of the project, such as DECOVALEX-THMC (2004-2007), introduced chemical processes into the modeling framework, further advancing our understanding of how these interactions affect rock masses [67]. Several constitutive models have been established to characterize the behavior of claystone rocks [68; 69; 70; 71; 72; 73; 74; 75]. [PERSON] et al. [74; 75; 76; 77] introduced a set of leading-edge elastoplastic models within a coupled hydro-mechanical framework, integrating properties such as hardening-softening, rigidity, strength anisotropy, and time-dependency, which were validated against experimental results. The proposed model offers a promising approach to simulating key features of THMC behavior in clay rocks. It holds significant potential for applications in various fields, including the thermal fracturing analysis of underground nuclear waste disposal systems, mineral resource extraction, oil and gas, geothermal energy, and various resource and energy sectors [78]. Additionally, it applies to water conservancy, hydropower projects, alpine territory infrastructure, and subsurface construction [79; 80; 81; 82], where multiplex physical and chemical situations can notably affect the mechanical charac teristics of rock masses, potentially leading to structural collapses [83]. The THMC coupling indicator, established upon rock porousness, quantifies the influence of its interactions on the stress field by using an innovative real-time permeability measurement technique to examine how these indicator interactions affect stress and deformation within rock structures, enhancing our understanding [84]. Existing research on THMC-coupled constitutive models for rocks encompasses various aspects: the thermal field captures processes like conduction, convection, dissipation, and radiation [85; 86] and influences fluid density, viscosity, and rock mechanical properties, as well as reaction rates and equilibria [87]. The hydraulic field centers on Darcy or non-Darcy flows, with factors such as porosity, volumetric strain, stability, thermal impacts [88; 89], rock deformation, and mineral dissolution and precipitation [90]. The mechanical field accounts for pore pressure and cementing phase [91], with the stress domain impacting heat generation from friction, permeability alterations, and chemical transport paths [92; 93]. Lastly, the chemical field models reactive particle transport, compositional changes like weathering and mineral transformations [94], contaminant infiltration, and reactive fluids from engineering activities, affecting rock permeability and conductivity via compositional and structural modifications [95]. These fluid-rock reactions occur in complex hydraulic-chemical environments [96]. In recent years, researchers have made considerable progress in both the theoretical and experimental aspects of multi-field coupling in rocks [97; 98; 99; 100; 44; 101; 102]. However, the complexity of these interactions means that there is still much to learn. Moving forward, it will be essential to conduct systematic analyses of previous research to identify the key achievements and challenges in this field, as shown in Table 1. By understanding the specific research characteristics and contexts of various studies, scholars can better determine the future direction of multi-field coupling research. This comprehensive approach will provide valuable insights for advancing the field and ensuring the stability and safety of underground engineering projects. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{p{113.8 pt} p{113.8 pt} p{113.8 pt}} \hline \hline
**No. ** & **Reference** & **Main Content/Mechanical Approach** \\ \hline
1. & [PERSON] et al.