# Effect of Wind Direction and Velocity on PV Panels Cooling with Perforated Heat Sinks
## 5 Results and Discussion
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c} \hline \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**Case**} & \multirow{2}{*}{\(\mathbf{v}_{air}\)} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Back Wind**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Front Wind**} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{**Side Wind**} \\ \cline{3-5}  & & \multicolumn{3}{c}{**Normalized Power, for \(\mathbf{t}_{air}\) = 35 \({}^{\circ}\)C**} \\ \cline{3-5}  & & \multicolumn{3}{c}{**\(\mathbf{P}_{STC}\) = 1.00 (320 Wp)**} \\ \hline
0. Base Case & & 0.8333 & 0.8310 & 0.7949 \\ \hline
1. Horiz Simple & & 0.8868 & 0.8564 & 0.8562 \\ \hline
2. Horiz 30 mm & & 0.8874 & 0.8526 & 0.8500 \\ \hline
3. Horiz 60 mm & & 0.8871 & 0.8496 & 0.8485 \\ \hline
4. Vert Simple & & 0.8792 & 0.8473 & 0.8413 \\ \hline
5. Vert 30 mm & & 0.8737 & 0.8489 & 0.8330 \\ \hline
6. Vert 60 mm & & 0.8735 & 0.8478 & 0.8309 \\ \hline
0. Base Case & & 0.8709 & 0.8697 & 0.8453 \\ \hline
1. Horiz Simple & & 0.9111 & 0.8961 & 0.8929 \\ \hline
2. Horiz 30 mm & & 0.9142 & 0.8982 & 0.8981 \\ \hline
3. Horiz 60 mm & 2 m/s & 0.9104 & 0.8943 & 0.8917 \\ \hline
4. Vert Simple & & 0.9093 & 0.8925 & 0.8865 \\ \hline
5. Vert 30 mm & & 0.9094 & 0.8934 & 0.8835 \\ \hline
6. Vert 60 mm & & 0.9083 & 0.8929 & 0.8848 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 6: Normalized power production of the PV panel for each model analyzed. Figure 13: Normalized power production for **side wind**, \(v_{side}\) = 1 m/s, \(t_{air}\) = 35, \(G\) = 1000 W/m\({}^{2}\). Even if the highest energy production is obtained in the case of the wind direction behind the panel, for the horizontal heat sink with perforated fins, it should be specified that the most important impact in terms of cooling compared to the base case is recorded when the wind blows from the side. It can be remarked that, for the simulated external conditions, \(t_{air}=35\,^{\circ}\)C, \(G=1000\) W/m\({}^{2}\) and low air velocity \(v_{air}=1\) m/s, the normalized power production for the base case is between 0.79 and 0.83. Meanwhile, in the best cooling conditions for each wind directions, it could reach values from 0.85 to 0.88 (Case 3--horizontal 30 mm). The improvement in power generation is between 3.06% and 7.71% compared to the base case (when no cooling is applied). It should be highlighted that the best configuration of heat sink is the low velocity conditions for various conditions of wind velocity and direction. Therefore, Case 3--Horizontal 30 mm determines the most important effect of cooling of the PV panel. The improvement of power production is important both for low velocities (1-2 m/s) and higher ones (3-5 m/s), but the effect is lower for higher velocities (1.85-5.82%), due to the suitable cooling of the PV panel in the base case. In terms of wind direction, the lowest cooling effect is registered for the front wind. For these cases, the presence of the heat sink does not have a significant effect, determining a raise of power production between 1.85% and 3.06% compared to the base case. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c} \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**Case**} & \multirow{2}{*}{\(v_{air}\)} & **Back Wind** & **Front Wind** & **Side Wind** \\ \cline{3-5}  & & \multicolumn{3}{c}{**Normalized Power, for \(t_{air}=35\,^{\circ}\)C**} \\ \cline{3-5}  & & \multicolumn{3}{c}{**\(P_{STC}=1.00\) (320 Wp)**} \\ \hline
0. Base Case & & 0.8901 & 0.8894 & 0.8636 \\ \hline  
\end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 6: _Cont._