# The IoT/IoE Integrated Security & Safety System of Pompeii Archeological Park
## 3 Integrated Technology Systems in Cultural Heritage
As part of this approach, the cultural value of heritage sites in Yangju, Korea, was analyzed, then assessed the existing methods of heritage guidance at these locations, and proposed a smart guide system leveraging IoT technologies. This system is expected to enhance visitor engagement [13]. Inspired by advancements in the Internet of Things (IoT), Artificial Intelligence (AI), and 5G communications, the concept of the Internet of Cultural Things (IoT) enables comprehensive interconnectivity between cultural products, services, resources, and platforms. This emerging framework offers individuals a richer humanistic experience, enhances economic returns for the cultural sector, and fosters the growth of cultural heritage preservation and education. Currently, IoT is attracting significant interest from both industry and academia. From this point of view, it is possible to create proper platform architectures, using IoT components and core technologies, aimed at linking cultural assets, the Internet, and human interaction [14]. To support the protection and preservation of cultural sites, advanced monitoring systems equipped with sensors are often deployed in close proximity to the assets to gather critical data. This information serves as the foundation for systems and processes dedicated to safeguarding heritage structures. An interesting application is represented by the use of acoustic sensors for the protection of cultural sites situated in both rural and urban settings, utilizing an innovative data flow framework. It was developed and implemented Wireless Acoustic Sensor Networks (WASNs) capable of recording ambient audio signals, which are transmitted to a modular cloud-based platform. There, the data are processed using a highly efficient deep learning algorithm to identify relevant audio sources specific to each site, considering the materials and structural characteristics of the heritage assets. The extracted audio information is then structured through a proper audio signal ontology and integrated with spatiotemporal data using semantic rules, enhancing the interpretability and contextualization of monitoring results such as vandalism, storms, etc. [15]. Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Internet of Things (IoT) technologies, if properly integrated, can transform cultural heritage preservation. While IoT enables real-time air quality and structural health monitoring, AI enhances data analysis, providing predictive insights. The combination of IoT and AI facilitates proactive risk management, ensuring more resilient conservation strategies. Innovative frameworks that leverage Heritage Building Information Modeling (H-BIM) and Digital Twin (DT) for continuous monitoring and predictive maintenance through a multi-step process, beginning with the digitalization of heritage assets using H-BIM, followed by the creation of real-time digital replicas via DT, have been proposed. By integrating advanced technologies, the framework offers a more adaptive and sustainable approach to preserving cultural heritage, addressing both immediate threats and long-term vulnerabilities [16]. The application of computer science techniques, such as artificial intelligence (AI), deep learning (DL), and computer vision (CV), to digital imagery offers significant potential for monitoring and preserving cultural heritage (CH) sites. Various forms of deterioration--such as weathering, mortar loss, joint damage, discoloration, erosion, surface cracking, vegetation growth, seepage, and vandalism--threaten the structural integrity of heritage assets over time. While numerous studies have demonstrated the use of AI for damage detection in modern infrastructures like concrete buildings and bridges, relatively few have applied these methods to quantify defects in cultural heritage structures. Moreover, practical case studies showcasing the real-world application of AI in heritage conservation remain limited. Thus, there is a pressing need to further explore AI-assisted visual inspection approaches for CH sites.