## 1 Introduction
However, most of the existing research primarily focuses on projecting future power systems based on current technologies, with less emphasis on the strategic application of low-carbon technologies within the \"dual carbon\" pathway. In fact, the low-carbon transition of the power sector is inseparable from the support of low-carbon technologies, particularly relying on comprehensive, transformative, and even disruptive technological innovations. These include high-efficiency, low-cost solar and wind power generation technologies, advanced energy storage technologies, advanced transmission line technologies, CCUS (carbon capture, utilization, and storage), hydrogen energy, large models, and artificial intelligence [10]. To explore technological pathways for achieving significant emission reductions in the power sector, many studies have been conducted by scholars both domestically and internationally. The effects of green technology innovation, renewable energy use, and financial development on CO\({}_{2}\) emissions in 21 European countries have been studied. The results of a cross-sectional autoregressive distributed lag model show that there is a two-way causal relationship between green technology innovation, renewable energy use, and CO\({}_{2}\) emissions [19; 20]. [PERSON] et al., for instance, used high-resolution meteorological data to simulate wind and solar resources in the U.S., employing their developed National Energy with Weather System (NEWS) model to calculate the least-cost power technology mix to meet future electricity demand and carbon reduction requirements [21]. [PERSON] et al. found that while wind and solar have significant potential in the low-carbon transition, achieving zero emissions is extremely challenging, and a broad portfolio of technologies is more conducive to a successful transition [6]. [PERSON] et al. generated 912 scenarios considering various low carbon technologies and the uncertainty of cost parameters to comprehensively analyze the cost of achieving zero-carbon electricity in the U.S. However, existing studies rarely provide quantitative modeling and analysis of the key characteristics of these low-carbon technologies, and few have integrated the optimization of power transition pathways and the application scale of key low-carbon technologies from a system planning perspective. In view of this, as detailed in this paper, we conduct an in-depth analysis of the development trends and supporting roles of three key low-carbon technologies in the energy and power sector--new energy storage, CCUS, and hydrogen energy. We establish technical characteristic models suitable for power planning. On this basis, taking into account the impact of key low-carbon technologies, the traditional power planning model's objective function and constraints are improved, and an integrated optimization model for the power \"dual carbon\" pathway and key low-carbon technologies is developed. This model enables the comprehensive optimization of power generation capacity structure, power generation mix, carbon reduction pathways, and key low-carbon technology pathways over the long-term period from 2020 to 2060, providing technical support for the low-carbon transition of the power sector. Development Trends and Characteristics Modeling Analysis of Key Low-Carbon Technologies in the Energy and Power Sector