## 2 Results and Discussion
### Statistical Analysis  
#### 2.3.1 Comparison of the Extraction Methods with the Solventless Method  
Table 3 presents the results of the comparisons using [PERSON]'s t-tests for paired samples and Wilcoxon tests, the objective of which was to capture the significance of the differences between the solventless method and individual extraction methods using various solvents. The results obtained from the difference tests, presented in Table 3, show that there are slight differences between the solvent extraction methods compared to the solvent-free method (SPME). However, with Cohen's d indices, which define the magnitude of the observed difference between the mean and the tested sample, it was found that in the SLE method there were effects representing a small (\(d>0.20\)) or average difference (\(d>0.50\)). In each of the samples in the SLE method, a slightly higher level of volatile compounds was observed compared to that of the method without solvent. On the other hand, no possible differences were observed in the HD and MAE methods (\(d<0.20\)). The differential effects obtained, despite the lack of statistical significance, indicated a potentially higher level of volatile compounds in the case of using solvents with the SLE method compared to the control method without the use of a solvent. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c c c} \hline \hline \multirow{2}{*}{\
\begin{tabular}{c} **Sample** \\ **Code** \\ \end{tabular} } & \multirow{2}{*}{
\begin{tabular}{c} **Method with Solvents** \\ **(SPME)** \\ \end{tabular} } & \multicolumn{3}{c}{**Method without Solvent**} & \multirow{2}{*}{\(\mathbf{t}\)} & \multirow{2}{*}{\(\mathbf{p}\)} & \multirow{2}{*}{\(\mathbf{d}\)**[PERSON]**} & \multirow{2}{*}{\(\mathbf{p}\)**[PERSON]**} \\ \cline{2-2} \cline{6-9}  & & & & & & & & \\ \hline HD1 & 1.98 & 4.88 & 2.06 & 6.51 & 0.11 & 0.909 & 0.02 & 0.852 \\ HD2 & 1.93 & 5.09 & 1.97 & 6.38 & 0.06 & 0.953 & 0.01 & 0.987 \\ SLE1-1 & 9.02 & 17.90 & 6.87 & 12.42 & \(-1.25\) & 0.238 & 0.38 & 0.534 \\ SLE1-2 & 6.10 & 14.10 & 4.88 & 10.60 & \(-1.18\) & 0.258 & 0.29 & 0.660 \\ SLE1-3 & 4.97 & 12.16 & 4.14 & 9.83 & \(-1.08\) & 0.295 & 0.25 & 0.446 \\ SLE2-1 & 13.02 & 17.72 & 10.52 & 14.64 & \(-1.29\) & 0.243 & 0.49 & 0.310 \\ SLE2-2 & 13.53 & 16.84 & 10.52 & 14.64 & \(-1.69\) & 0.143 & 0.64 & 0.128 \\ SLE2-3 & 14.02 & 15.41 & 10.52 & 14.64 & \(-1.68\) & 0.145 & 0.63 & 0.128 \\ SLE3-1 & 12.17 & 18.48 & 8.78 & 14.27 & \(-1.76\) & 0.122 & 0.62 & 0.123 \\ SLE3-2 & 12.22 & 17.40 & 8.78 & 14.27 & \(-1.89\) & 0.100 & 0.67 & 0.093 \\ SLE3-3 & 11.98 & 15.95 & 8.78 & 14.27 & \(-1.93\) & 0.094 & 0.68 & 0.123 \\ SLE4-1 & 8.10 & 14.57 & 6.50 & 11.91 & \(-0.81\) & 0.433 & 0.23 & 0.875 \\ SLE4-2 & 7.05 & 12.62 & 5.62 & 11.18 & \(-0.86\) & 0.406 & 0.23 & 0.950 \\ SLE4-3 & 6.78 & 11.86 & 5.62 & 11.18 & \(-0.83\) & 0.419 & 0.22 & 0.875 \\ SLE5-1 & 10.24 & 14.63 & 8.32 & 13.41 & \(-1.34\) & 0.217 & 0.45 & 0.260 \\ SLE5-2 & 9.65 & 14.47 & 7.49 & 12.91 & \(-1.54\) & 0.158 & 0.49 & 0.139 \\ SLE5-3 & 9.67 & 14.51 & 7.49 & 12.91 & \(-1.52\) & 0.164 & 0.48 & 0.139 \\ MAE1 & 4.02 & 7.46 & 3.91 & 9.99 & \(-0.04\) & 0.972 & 0.01 & 0.723 \\ MAE2 & 3.82 & 6.34 & 3.67 & 10.02 & \(-0.05\) & 0.962 & 0.01 & 1.000 \\ MAE3 & 3.24 & 6.74 & 3.78 & 10.01 & 0.17 & 0.864 & 0.04 & 0.287 \\ MAE4 & 3.54 & 6.64 & 3.89 & 10.33 & 0.11 & 0.915 & 0.03 & 0.605 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular} \(t\)—Student’s t-test result. _p_—significance level. \(d\) [PERSON]—[PERSON]’s average deviation. \(p\) [PERSON]—[PERSON]’s average deviation.  
\end{table} 
Table 3: Analysis of the differences between the method without solvent and the individual extraction methods among all volatile compounds. In Tables 4-7, analogues of the Student's t-tests and Wilcoxon tests were performed with the division into individual volatile compounds. However, because of the occurrence of single measurements in the fields of aliphatic, monoterpene, and monoterenoid, these were excluded from the analyses.