# A Scoping Review on Virtual Reality-Based Industrial Training
## 3 Results
### Literature Review
#### Industrial Training Based on Virtual Reality
It is necessary to mention that for this section the authors have chosen to build their 3D models of the elements already described, to provide flexibility when developing the training program. [PERSON] [54] describes the development of a VR system, in the first and third person, to train and evaluate industrial workers in the field of health and safety. To fulfill this purpose, several scenarios were created whose objective is to show correct practices, as well as the possible failures that an operator, within the industrial field, may have. These scenarios were divided into three main categories, (i) the minimization of risks during the normal operation of machinery, simulation of machine failure as well as workflow, while taking into account incorrect procedures that would expose the physical integrity of the worker, (ii) minimization of risks in the production area, here the risks arising from the movement of equipment within industrial facilities, overcoming obstacles, such as stairs or short spaces, in addition to the use of corridors, and (iii) minimization of risks in emergencies, evaluation of the behavior of workers during dangerous situations, such as fire attacks, explosions, the detonation of alarms, among others. In this experiment, two test groups were selected, group A and group B. In the first group, 37 workers were conventionally trained, which is, without the use of immersive technologies, following a plan of videos and talks by their supervisor. In the last group, which consisted of 32 workers, virtual reality systems were applied. To compare these two groups, a survey of 20 questions was carried out, which was immediately fulfilled in each group after their training. The results showed that group A obtained 87% effectiveness in their evaluation, while group B obtained 97% of correct answers. This same questionnaire was applied to the same sample after one month, obtaining 68% of correct answers for the first group and 87% for the second group. Finally, it was concluded that immersive VR systems significantly help to train operators efficiently and innovatively. Besides, it was demonstrated that the use of this type of technology is appropriate when long-term understanding and the storage of information is required, proving to be a useful digital tool in the field of industrial health and safety. The cost of face-to-face training to operate specialized machinery is high, in addition to implying a latent risk for workers. Because of this, [PERSON] et al. [55] show a virtual simulator for training in the use and handling of forklifts, developed with haptic control interfaces, which is, with the use of joysticks to obtain tactile feedback. The VR system consisted of two modules. The first evaluated the operator's inspection capacity as well as his familiarity with the instruments and controls of the forklift trucks. Here, the user was presented, interactively and didactically, a questionnaire with multiple options. The objective focused on ensuring the safety of the procedure. On the other hand, in the second module, they were trained in the correct stacking of material through the forklift; this was done through instruction in how to use essential components, such as the towers and forks of the crane. As the last point in this research, a survey, in which parameters to know the level of perceived difficulty and immersion, was applied. From this analysis, it was concluded that the participants consider VR to be a dynamic, immersive, and highly useful tool for heavy machinery training. [PERSON] et al. [56] state that working in complex industrial facilities requires special spatial navigation skills, which are only obtained through time and experience. Conventional training sessions for acquiring this type of skill are time-limited and can only be experienced once. To solve these problems, the authors of this research have developed a VR system that consists of a collaborative treasure hunt game called \"Indy\".