esa-sceva/satcom-chunk-collection huggingface dataset:
## 5 Results and Analysis
### Efficiency and Latency Analysis  
Besides prediction accuracy, the efficiency of processing long texts is crucial for practical applications, especially those with real-time requirements. We compare the average inference latency (measured on an NVIDIA A100 32 GB GPU) for processing a single sample of 2000 tokens and the parameter scales of different models.  
As shown in Figure 8, our Hyena-based models (including the final model) demonstrate exceptional efficiency. When processing a 2000-token sequence, their inference latency is only 2.3 ms, significantly lower than Longformer+LoRA (6.5 ms) and Transformer-XL (25.0 ms). This corresponds to over 65% latency reduction compared to Longformer. This advantage stems from Hyena's sub-quadratic complexity (\(\mathcal{O}(L\log L)\)) and its efficient FFT convolution implementation. Although our model achieves the highest F1 score, its parameter count (dominated by Hyena-Small 125M, with PEFT parameters < 1%) is comparable to Longformer-base or GPT-2-base, and much smaller than Transformer-XL, which might require a larger scale to reach similar performance. This validates part of our research question regarding reducing computational cost while maintaining or improving accuracy for long policy text processing during inference.  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{l c c c c} \hline \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**Model**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**FOMC**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**ECB**} \\ \cline{2-5}  & **Accuracy (\%)** & **Macro F1** & **Accuracy (\%)** & **Macro F1** \\ \hline Logistic Regression + TF-IDF & 76.2 & 0.721 & 71.8 & 0.685 \\  & [73.1, 79.3] & [0.688, 0.754] & [68.2, 75.4] & [0.652, 0.718] \\ Transformer-XL + Full FT & 82.1 & 0.785 & 75.3 & 0.710 \\  & [79.4, 84.8] & [0.758, 0.812] & [72.1, 78.5] & [0.681, 0.739] \\ Longformer + LoRA & 83.5 & 0.802 & 76.8 & 0.723 \\  & [80.9, 86.1] & [0.776, 0.828] & [73.7, 79.9] & [0.695, 0.751] \\ GPT-2 + AdapterFusion & 82.8 & 0.790 & 76.1 & 0.715 \\  & [80.1, 85.5] & [0.763, 0.817] & [72.9, 79.3] & [0.686, 0.744] \\ Ours (Hyena + LoRA) & 85.2 & 0.833 & 78.0 & 0.741 \\  & [82.7, 87.7] & [0.809, 0.857] & [75.0, 81.0] & [0.713, 0.769] \\ Ours (Hyena + \(\Delta\)-LoRA) & 86.1 & 0.850 & 78.5 & 0.762 \\  & [83.7, 88.5] & [0.827, 0.873] & [75.6, 81.4] & [0.735, 0.789] \\
**Ours (Full Model)** & **87.0** & **0.862** & **80.1** & **0.780** \\
**[84.7, 89.3]** & **[0.840, 0.884]** & **[77.3, 82.9]** & **[0.753, 0.807]** \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}
Table 3: Main performance metrics of models on FOMC and ECB test sets with 95% confidence intervals.
## 3 Results and Discussion
### Desorption Studies  
An important feature of the adsorbent is its ability to regenerate, which in a way represents its longevity. The efficiency of the adsorbent material can abate during usage (i.e., the precipitation of different species and pore clogging, the destruction or blocking of active sites, etc. ), which determines the number of adsorptions-desorption cycles and has great influence on both economic and environmental indicators. Thus, the regeneration process of the used adsorbent can be repeated several times; however, the regenerated adsorbent has decreased the adsorption capacity in comparison to the unused one. If not properly solved, the disposal of the exhausted adsorbents could generate environmental problems realized as the continual accumulation of highly polluted adsorbents, which could be a source of pollutant leaching. Using a proper technique for adsorbent regeneration and exhausted adsorbent disposal helps in improving the adsorption and economic efficiency by establishing a closed cycle through pollutant removal, decreases the overall cost both in the regeneration and the adsorbent production process, reduces the amount of hazardous generated waste, and solves the problem of waste disposal. The optimization of the desorption procedure through the assessment of an effective desorbing agent combination along with the minimal degradation of the adsorbent properties, i.e., the adsorbent capacity, was performed (SM S3.4.1). In the processes of arsenic and Iprodione desorption, it was found that alkaline regenerants or inorganic salts have provided optimal results. Acidic regenerant agents have a degradative influence on the dissolution of iron and the deterioration of the adsorbent surface, causing an adsorption
# Research Progress on Flexible Oxide-Based Thin Film Transistors
## 3 Approaches to Flexible Oxide-Based TFTs
### Flexible TFTs on Different Kinds of Substrates
#### 3.1.2 PEN Flexible Substrates
demonstrated flexible oxide TFTs using anodized aluminum oxide as a dielectric layer, as shown in Figure 6a. With this high-performance dielectric layer, the TFTs exhibited a mobility of 12.87 cm\({}^{2}\) V\({}^{-1}\) s\({}^{-1}\), a subthreshold swing of 0.2 V dec\({}^{-1}\), and an on/off ratio of 10\({}^{9}\). Moreover, a 5 inch flexible AMOLED demo display was fabricated by integrating the bottom emission OLEDs and the thin film encapsulation on the flexible TFT backplane, shown in Figure 6b [156]. As mentioned above, PEN substrates with higher maximum process temperatures than PET have been employed for flexible TFT circuits and displays by many researchers. When used under flexible occasion, substrates should have good mechanical strength as the mechanical strain is likely to be generated continuously. Reports on repeated bending tests can hardly be found on PEN substrates due to its poor mechanical strength of such substrates and its negative effect on the lifetime of the electronic devices.
# Effect of MXene Nanosheet Sticking on Supercapacitor Device Performance
## 3 Factors Influencing Sticking in MXene Electrodes
### Environmental Factors  
The environmental conditions in which MXene electrodes are processed and utilized can impact their sticking behavior and overall performance. The key environmental factors to consider are temperature and humidity.  
Figure 14: Drying behavior of MXene inks: (**a**) schematic illustration of the interactions between the surface energy components of an ink and a substrate; (**b**) example of wetting envelope profile; (**c**) uneven evaporation of solvent from edges of a droplet and formation of a “coffee-ring” structure; (**d**) an inward Marangoni flow (by addition of a co-solvent) can redistribute the particles more evenly which leads to the formation of flat and homogenous films [70]. Reprinted from [PERSON] et al., Mater. Today, copyright (2021), with permission from Elsevier.  
Figure 13: Schematic of the preparation process of (**a**) 3D Ti\({}_{3}\)C\({}_{2}\)T\({}_{x}\) film. (**b**) Cross-sectional SEM image of 3D Ti\({}_{3}\)C\({}_{2}\)T\({}_{x}\) film. (**c**) Prolonged cycling performance of the 3D Ti\({}_{3}\)C\({}_{2}\)T\({}_{x}\) film-based symmetric supercapacitor at 2 A g\({}^{-1}\)[67]. Reprinted from [PERSON] et al., Appl. Mater. Today, copyright (2019), with permission from Elsevier.
## 1 Introduction
Their results reveal that for fixed values of the power-law index (n = 0.7), activity of the mixture flow is enhanced as the Prandtl number grows. Nanofluids flow within triangular domains heated from inside/outside (two heating modes) is examined by [PERSON] et al. (30). The geometry is filled by copper as nanoparticles and includes heated/cooled fins with a variable length. The outcomes disclose that the boost in the height of the fins augments the transfer of heat rate. Additionally, these irregular geometries with various thermal conditions have been handled by different scientific researchers (31; 32; 33; 34; 35): particularly, magneto-convective flow of nanofluids confined open trapezoidal enclosures by [PERSON] et al. (36) and [PERSON] et al. (37). Finally, it should be noted that many research articles that deal with different shapes and geometries along with many different nanofluids and hybrid nanofluids for conventional fluids or rarefied gases under the influence of many parameters can be found in (38; 39; 40; 41; 42). As stated previously, using triangular fins within the containers as controlling factors for the nanofluids flows and the variable properties of the porous medium have not been considered widely. Thus, the main objective of this simulation is to study the magneto-hydrodynamic hybrid nanofluid flow in trapezoidal containers heated by triangular fins. Unusually, the magnetic field is in a horizontal direction while the flow domain is inclined. The properties of the porous medium, namely, the porosity and permeability, as well as values of the Da, are considered as variables. Entropy analyses in the case of the two-energy model (LTNEM) are examined. The real physical domain is transformed to a rectangular computational domain, then the finite volume method based on non-orthogonal grids is applied to solve the resulting system. The novelty significance of the current study appears in the following points:  
* Using an irregular flow domain heated by irregular fin that was not presented before. * Properties of the porous medium are considered variables and this assumption makes the work more attractive to readers. * Physically, the local thermal non-equilibrium state (two-energy equations model) is more realistic than the local thermal equilibrium case. * Most of the published works in this field consider the magnetic field as inclined and the geometry as non-inclined, and hence, the formulation of the governing system when the magnetic force is horizontal and the geometry is inclined is unusual and novel. * Analyses of the second law of thermodynamics for such kinds of complex geometries (triangular fin within a trapezoidal enclosure) have not been presented before. * The numerical methodology which depends on mapping between the real-irregular domain and regular-rectangular computational domain has received less focus. * Finally, various practical applications for the current simulations can be found, e.g., air conditioning systems in buildings, furnace and home heating, electronic equipment cooling, drying foods and double pane windows.
## 1 Introduction
This method is attractive due to the inherent simplicity of fabrication and the noticeable radiation. In [26], a periodically loaded DIL with rectangular metal strips was utilized to design a leaky wave antenna. In this LWA, beam scanning is only in the forward direction. In [27], to mitigate OSB phenomena, five rectangular metal strips were used in one unit-cell. It exhibits the main beam scanning from 80\({}^{\circ}\) to 120\({}^{\circ}\). Apart from LWAs, other methods, such as near-field transformation, SIW edge-radiation and end-fire antennas can potentially been used for beam-scanning purposes [33; 34; 35; 36; 37]. It should also be noted that computer calculations may be necessary to design and optimize such DIL-based leaky-wave structures for improved performance. In this regard, nature-based optimization/ design algorithms have proven to be effective [38; 39; 40; 41]. In this technique, different types of algorithms, such as particle swarm optimization, ant colony and artificial neural networks in conjunction with electromagnetic simulators, can significantly expedite the computational cost of lengthy simulations [42; 43; 44]. In this paper, a new LWA for large-range beam-scanning is proposed based on the layered DIL in the sub-THz frequency band. In the proposed antenna, a periodic array of metallic overlapped circular discs were employed between the dielectric layers, resulting in a high-efficiency radiator with a broadside OSB mitigation property. The proposed antenna was lightweight and did not require complex prototyping. Compared with the abovementioned DIL-based LWAs, which were successfully applied at lower-millimeter wave frequencies (below 100 GHz), the proposed design retains most of their advantages at sub-THz frequencies, including continuous wide beam-scanning capabilities with OSB suppression as well as having a low-profile structure and low cost.
## 4 Experimental Results
### Comparison of the Detection Performance on the CVC-09 Dataset  
The detection performance is also evaluated by using the CVC-09 dataset. The precision-recall curves of the proposed AED-CNN and other well-known approaches are shown in Figure 7. A similar tendency can be observed in the results using the KMU dataset: the AP gap is quite large, 87.68% of ours versus 63.9% of the state-of-the-art OCS-LBP + CaRF [21]. Figure 7 reveals that our approach significantly outperforms all other approaches. The results are meaningful because the CVC09 dataset includes numerous pedestrian images with thermal energy levels similar to the background levels. Furthermore, the resolution is low, and some images are occluded. The performance comparison in Figure 7 demonstrates that our AED-CNN is obviously better than other state-of-the-art methods in detecting pedestrians.  
Example detection results of our method on the CVC09 test set are displayed in Figure 8. In Figure 8a,b, AED-CNN can detect all the pedestrians. Figure 8c shows that a heavily occluded pedestrian was missed. In Figure 8d, three heavily occluded pedestrians were missed. From these observations, we think that it is necessary to improve the performance of AED-CNN to detect pedestrians with heavy occlusions in the future, even though AED-CNN shows the best performance when compared with other state-of-the-art methods.  
Figure 6: Some detection results on the KMU test dataset. The green bounding boxes denote the ground truth, and the red bounding boxes show the detection results. (**a–d**) are visualization of detection results on the image set selected from the dataset.  
Figure 8: Four detection results of the CVC09 test dataset. The green bounding boxes denote the ground truth, and the red bounding boxes show the detection results. (**a–d**) are visualization of detection results on the image set selected from the dataset.  
Figure 7: Performance comparison of precision versus recall by using the Computer Vision Center (CVC)09 dataset.
## 3 The Design Process for an Aging Sensor with Multiple Points of Frequency Detection
### Proposed Automatic Clock Correction
The input signals originate from a previous module _enable_ and a feedback signal from the top module output. The _enable_ signal is used as an enable input to trigger the automatic clock correction. Meanwhile, the feedback signal provides the LUT values based on the detected signals from the corresponding seven detection points. The CUT circuit can be substituted with various combinational logic circuits, such as encoders, decoders, and multiplexers. Thus, it is necessary to ensure that the number of bits used for inputs and outputs is the same for other modules. In addition, this automatic clock correction technique is applicable for any type of circuit, whether simple or complex. The _Vi_ input signal is an input injected with delay signals. The _rst_ input is used for the initialization process. The enhanced phase shift detector module consists of four inputs and a single output. The inputs _Vi_, _clk_, _rst_, and a reference signal from the CUT produce _out_as_ with seven detection points. The input signal of _Vi_ is compared with the reference signal to obtain the phase difference. This comparison is evaluated in terms of the point and phase that had caused the delay. Every bit of this enhanced phase shift detection is stored inside the memory element called hex, which is used as the feedback signal for correction purposes. The lifetime of the FPGA can be extended by implementing this automated clock correction design via identifying the aging degradation followed by clock correction immediately. For example, if the remaining lifetime of the device is 12 months, it is possible to extend the lifetime for more than a year. In particular, the aging sensor detection process decayed the aging condition of the FPGA devices during the correction mode. The lifetime and automatic clock correction can be monitored based on the signal input called _on_. The input signal can be enabled periodically to reduce the delay degradation of the FGPA. For monitoring purposes, the switch can be turned off momentarily to view the remaining degradation. The delay cannot be eliminated; however, the usefulness of the device can be prolonged.
# Experimental Verification of the Dynamic Model of Turbine Blades Coupled by a Sealing Strip
## 6 Conclusions  
This paper recounts the first, to the authors' knowledge, experimental work on strip dampers. A state-of-the-art numerical model first presented in [29] is used to simulate the test rig set-up.  
The experimental-numerical comparison offers a greater insight into the strip working conditions and its influence on the blades' dynamics. The most relevant conclusions are detailed below:  
Figure 10: (a) IP and (b) OOP FRFs for different excitation levels, experimental numerical comparison for different values of \(|F_{E}|\).  
1. The blades-strip system response varies significantly depending on the mode of vibration (IP or OOP). If the blades are vibrating \"in-phase\" (IP), the strip does not stiffen nor damp the blades vibration. If the blades are vibrating \"out-of-phase\" (OOP), the strip significantly damps and stiffens the blades' response.
2. The experimental observation highlighted at point 2 is confirmed by the numerical predictions and can be easily explained by analyzing the platform kinematics.
3. The contact pressure on the strip produced by the centrifugal load is here set at a realistic 0.3 MPa. This value is one order of magnitude lower than contact pressures typically encountered with solid dampers (whose mass may be more than 10 times higher than that of the strip). This causes the strip to slide and detach quite easily even for low values of excitation force on the blades \(|F_{E}|\).
4. A direct consequence of point 3 is that the full stick linear limit curves typically used in the analysis and design of solid dampers are here not significant as they would largely overestimate the frequency shift produced by the strip. This is observed numerically and proven experimentally and constitutes one of the main findings of this paper.
5. The contact parameters used in the simulation come from experimental data on solid dampers (subjected to a contact pressure similar to the strip's). The sensitivity of the response to variation of contact parameters is moderate in the case of OOP vibration and close to null in case of IP vibration (the case in which the strip's influence is weak).  
[PERSON] and [PERSON] together designed the test plan and performed the experiments. [PERSON] performed the numerical simulations and wrote the manuscript. [PERSON] acquired the necessary funding, contributed to final review and manuscript corrections.  
This research was funded by Politecnico di Torino Research Funding \"RBA--Finanziamento di Ateneo alla ricerca\".  
The authors declare no conflict of interest.
## 3 Results
### Changes in NK Cell Activities  
The activity of NK cells is considered to be a marker of intrinsic functional immunity. We isolated NK cells from the spleen and peritoneal cavity of the mice and assessed their activity to determine the effects of HM on NK cell activities. Compared with the intact control mice, all CPA-treated mice were found to have significantly lower spleen and peritoneal cavity NK cell activities (\(p<0.05\)), whereas compared with the CPA controls, those mice receiving \(\beta\)-glucan and 4 and 2 mL/kg HM showed significant increases in activity. Despite the fact that mice treated with the lowest dose of HM (1 mL/kg) showed no significant differences compared with the CPA control mice, we detected dose-dependent effects on CPA-induced reductions in NK cell activities in all HM-treated mice. In addition, effects comparable to those observed in 2 mL/kg HM-administered mice were recorded in those receiving 250 mg/kg \(\beta\)-glucan (Figure 2).  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c} \hline  & **Serum** & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Spleen**} \\ \cline{2-5}
**Groups** & **IFN-\(\gamma\) (pg/mL)** & **TNF-\(\alpha\) (pg/mg Protein)** & **IL-1\(\beta\) (pg/mg Protein)** & **IL-10 (pg/mg Protein)** \\ \hline \hline \multicolumn{1}{c}{Intact Control} & 276.08 \(\pm\) 38.51 & 109.91 \(\pm\) 28.30 & 66.45 \(\pm\) 10.04 & 99.46 \(\pm\) 22.61 \\ \multicolumn{1}{c}{CPA Control} & 75.15 \(\pm\) 21.29 [FOOTNOTE:]Footnote : Values are expressed as the means \(\pm\) SDs (n = 10). CPA: Cyclophosphamide, HM: Hemomine (60% JLG305). Different letters indicate significant differences at the \(p<0.  
Compared with the intact control mice, there were reductions of \(-71.10\%\) and \(-75.83\%\) in NK cell activities in the spleen and peritoneal cavity of CPA control mice, whereas compared with the CPA control mice, we detected increases of \(57.45\%\), \(114.75\%\), \(62.39\%\), and \(37.18\%\) (splenic NK cell activities) and \(92.19\%\), \(211.10\%\), \(92.59\%\), and \(54.70\%\) (peritoneal NK cell activities) in the \(\beta\)-glucan- and \(4\), \(2\), and \(1\) mL/kg HM-treated mice, respectively (Figure 2).
## 1 Introduction: Name Disambiguation and Collocation
### Algorithmic vs. manual name disambiguation and collocation
#### 7.3. Combining manual and automatic approaches  
Finally, disambiguation and collocation can be done by computers and informed by manually created metadata. In the end, this hybrid approach may be the most successful, at least for resources on the open Internet.
## 3 Result and Discussion  
### Microstructure Analysis  
The microstructures of the GNPs, pristine PEG and PEG/GNPs-2% composite are shown in Figure 1. The GNPs in Figure 1a exhibit wrinkled surface textures with curling edges, and they are especially prone to agglomerate because of their high specific surface areas and strong \(\pi\)-\(\pi\) interaction. Actually, these wrinkled surface with a lot of creases can play a positive role in enhancing the strong interaction between GNPs with PEG. For pristine PEG, a relatively smooth surface and compact structure appears (Figure 1b), completely different from that of GNPs. The morphology of the PEG/GNPs composite is shown in Figure 1c, as can be seen, the surface of PEG displays a conspicuous change that appears to be rougher than that of pure PEG, which may be attributed to the uniform dispersion of GNPs in the PEG matrix. The composite presents a coarse surface with plenty of creases stacking layer by layer, which seems to provide a network-like structure that the phonons can efficiently travel along and accelerate heat transfer, thus, there will be a significant enhancement in the thermal conductivity of composites in comparison with that of pure PEG [31]. Moreover, Figure 1b,c confirm the suitable interactions and desirable compatibility between GNPs and PEG matrix because of the van der Waals force, hydrophobic-hydrophobic interaction and \(\pi\)-\(\pi\) interaction [24; 33]. Therefore, it can be demonstrated that the GNPs can be used as a kind of filler material for the fabrication of PEG with remarkable thermal conductivity at a low loading ration.  
Figure 1: Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of the graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) (**a**), pristine polyethylene glycol (PEG) (**b**) and PEG/GNPs-2% composite (**c**).
## 3 Results and Discussion
### Optical Properties  
The study of the optical properties for the novel films is extremely functional for the elucidation of the electronic structure of those materials. Figure 4 presents the optical absorption spectra of the novel films as a function of dopant concentration annealed at 200-800 nm regions. The result reported that CH film exhibited the lowest absorption, while with nano-SiO\({}_{2}\) and nisin additive, it would be seen that the optical absorption range becomes higher and more intense especially at a wavelength of 200-388 nm, where an intense absorption was observed. It could be due to the oscillation of electrons of silica nanoparticles in resonance with the light wave radiations [39; 40].