# Spiral Mobility Based on Optimized Clustering for Optimal Data Extraction in WSNs
## 8 Conclusions and Future Work  
In this paper, we propose two mobility-based clustering techniques called Spiral Mobility based on Optimized Clustering (SMOC) and Multiple sink-based SMOC (M-SMOC) for large-scale WSNs. The proposed routing protocols adapt the advanced CH selection algorithm, which selects the optimum number of CHs and results in the minimization of the dissipated energy in data transmission. In order to assess the characteristics, we investigate the spiral mobility pattern in the proposed models under fair terms of optimal network conditions (i.e., network connection time and total energy consumption). The proposed models develop a novel optimized clustering framework that optimizes the network connection time and greedily consumes the overall energy of the network. By using the developed framework, we explore the design space of mobility-based WSNs (i.e., network dimensions, number of involved sensors, initial energy, size of data packet) with the trajectory of the spiral pattern. The proposed models achieve a better network lifetime and stability period by eliminating the energy hole problem. The simulation results of SMOC and M-SMOC are compared with existing state-of-the-art static sink routing protocols, namely LEACH, HEED and EECS, and mobile sink routing protocols, namely ZEEP and TARS. It is realized that the unique spiral mobility pattern of the mobile sink is more reliable and more energy efficient than the static sink. The proposed controlled mobility-based spiral pattern outperforms in terms of network lifetime, network stability, energy consumption, packet drops and the packet delivery ratio. Moreover, the proposed spiral mobility eliminates the hot-spot problem, because the control mobility pattern covers the whole network area, which helps with packets' delivery and also increases the robustness of the network.  
To further improve the network lifetime and stability period, multi-hop SMOC and M-SMOC can be implemented in the NS-3 simulation environment, which is considered as a future work of this research.  
**Acknowledgments: This research is undertake and funded by the School of Computer Science and Technology of Dalian University of Technology.**  
**Author Contributions: [PERSON], Master's degree student, under the supervision of [PERSON] and [PERSON], conducted this research work. [PERSON] and [PERSON] conceived of and designed the proposed model of the SMOC and M-SMOC routing protocols. [PERSON] finalized the theoretical  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{l c c c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Routing Protocols** & **LEACH** & **HEED** & **EECS** & **ZEEP** & **TARS** & **SMOC** & **M-SMOC** \\ \hline Energy Efficiency & & ✓ & ✓ & ✓ & ✓ & ✓ & ✓ \\ Heterogeneity Aware & & ✓ & & & ✓ & ✓ & \\ Application Aware & ✓ & & ✓ & & ✓ & ✓ & ✓ \\ Coverage of the Whole Network & ✓ & & & ✓ & & ✓ & ✓ \\ Avoiding Sudden Dissipation & & ✓ & ✓ & ✓ & ✓ & ✓ & ✓ \\ Mobile Sink & & & & ✓ & ✓ & ✓ & ✓ \\ Multiple Sinks & & & & & ✓ & ✓ & ✓ \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}
Table 3: Comparison of the characteristics of the proposed protocols with the existing state-of-the-art routing protocols.  
framework, while [PERSON] performed the simulation experiments. [PERSON] validated the performance outcomes by comparing the results with existing routing protocols and performed critical revisions. All authors have read and approved the final manuscript.  
The authors declare no conflict of interest regarding the publication of this research article.