# Conscious Mobility for Urban Spaces: Case Studies Review and Indicator Framework Design
## 4 Case Studies  
### Bogota: BRT High-Quality Bus-Base Transit System  
In the past two decades, Bogota had significant growth in private car ownership, causing high accident rates, long commuting times, and severe air pollution [39]. The city presents clear spatial segregation and unequal access to transport modes, the low-income groups live on the periphery, while the high-income people live close to the centers of activity [40]. The previous traditional public transportation system was dangerous, underused, and offered poor quality service. Moreover, it was operated with old bus fleets, required large amounts of fuel, and traveled at low average speeds; there were no designated bus stops, and trips were paid in cash on the bus [41]. The change was brought by TransMilenio, a Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) system part of the Integrated Public Transport System (ITPS) of Bogota, Colombia [40]. BRT delivers fast, comfortable and cost-effective transport services at metro level capacities [42]. The project is a public-private partnership (PPP), in which responsibilities are distributed between the public sector (in charge of the investment in the infrastructure--stations, terminals, segregated lanes, etc.) and the private sector (responsible for the investments of the bus fleet, ticket selling, and validating the system and for the operation of the trunk and feeder services) [43]. Bogota's BRT is based on high-capacity buses operating in dedicated bus lanes on trunk routes, being supplied with passengers by feeder buses (which connect residential areas to BRT bus stops) [40]. Technology incorporation has also played an important role, as users' platforms and several management tools for collaborators enabled a better user experience, data analysis, and exchange of information, as well as opportunity areas identification [44]. Figure 4: Flow diagram for the construction of conscious mobility indicators framework. Besides, the TransMilenio success, in 2012 Bogota began to explore cleaner and zero emission modes of transport through the Hybrid and Electric bus program, an initiative that aimed to ensure effective electrification and gradual replacement of all the internal combustion engine units [45]. Society has played an important role in supporting clean energy transportation technologies through social media campaigns, physical mediums, and online petitions [46]. As a result, the system has decreased the average travel time by 32%, increased property values along the main line by 15-20%, enhanced tax revenues, created jobs, and improved the health and safety of the community [39]. Further, as the allocation of public economic resources to support sustainable transport initiatives has been rising, EBs embracement has significantly increased, as 1061 units are already operating in the integrated transport system of Bogota, expecting to deploy 1485 by the end of 2022 [47]. Bogota's conscious mobility project has been evolving to meet the increasing transport demand, ensure connectivity for all social sectors, and enhance the quality of life by taking action on health and environmental issues related to greenhouse gasses (GHG), emissions, noise pollution, and security. The accelerated embracement of electric mobility, Bogota is an example of good practices thanks to the development of synergies between the Government and different academic institutions to counteract aspects such as traffic congestion, at the same time the city has created a traffic management center through a monitoring platform examining the movements vials of the city and integrating captured data from cameras, traffic lights and bike paths; At this time the city, has started the tenders and changes in the intelligent signaling system and electronic tickets, trying to generate different alternatives to improve mobility and consolidate a safe and efficient transport for the city.