# Influence of Micro-Textures on Cutting Insert Heat Dissipation
## 4 Conclusions  
This work presents an experimental device devoted to the quantification of the heat transfer rate from cutting inserts. It was designed to replicate the generation and transfer of heat that occurs during cutting operations, with the advantage of quantifying the single effect of micro-textures. The numerical study allowed us to optimize the linear response and the device sensitivity. A good correlation between preliminary experimental measurements and the numerical simulation was found, which allowed us to validate the implementation of the experimental device. The measurement procedure and the strict control of the different variables allowed to obtain results with good precision, which makes it possible to identify small variations in the heat transfer rate of less than 1% between cutting insert models. The insert surface micro-textures were introduced in the form of a square grid grooves of 100 \(\upmu\)m \(\times\) 100 \(\upmu\)m, with depths of 50, 100, and 150 \(\upmu\)m, by laser ablation in green compacts. The experimental results show a progressive increase in heat transfer rate with the depth of the groove, being the highest of 3.77% for the depth of 150 \(\upmu\)m. This improvement is justified by the increase in the surface-to-coolant contact area, the generation of a higher turbulent flow of the fluid near the cutting insert surface, and the rise in the surface wettability. Based on these findings, we can say that the micro-textures lead to a slight increase in the heat dissipation of the cutting inserts, although, their contribution to tools' overall performance is smaller compared to other tribological effects. Additional studies will be conducted to investigate micro-textures with other geometries to further improve heat extraction. The influence of surface coatings will be another important research line. Conceptualization, J.R., H.L., O.C.P., B.G., G.M. and F.S.S. ; methodology, J.R., H.L. and O.C.P. ; investigation, J.R., H.L. and P.A.G.P. ; writing--original draft preparation, J.R. and H.L. ; writing--review and editing, J.R., H.L., O.C.P., B.G., P.A.G.P., G.M. and F.S.S. ; supervision, H.L. and O.C.P. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Insert Model** & **Sample** & **T1**[°C] & **T2**[°C] & **AT**[°C] & **Mass Flow** & **Sample Heat** & **Insert Model Heat** \\  & 1 & 15.96 \(\pm\) 0.58 & 20.47 \(\pm\) 0.60 & 4.51 \(\pm\) 0.01 & 15.89 \(\pm\) 0.0538 & 300.16 \(\pm\) 1.36 & \\ Standard & 2 & 15.90 \(\pm\) 0.46 & 20.36 \(\pm\) 0.46 & 4.46 \(\pm\) 0.02 & 15.99 \(\pm\) 0.0478 & 298.60 \(\pm\) 0.84 & 299.20 \(\pm\) 0.84 \\  & 3 & 16.65 \(\pm\) 0.73 & 21.11 \(\pm\) 0.72 & 4.46 \(\pm\) 0.02 & 16.01 \(\pm\) 0.0509 & 298.84 \(\pm\) 0.69 & \\ \hline Grid depth 1 & 1 & 15.36 \(\pm\) 0.35 & 19.85 \(\pm\) 0.35 & 4.49 \(\pm\) 0.01 & 15.94 \(\pm\) 0.0108 & 299.69 \(\pm\) 0.39 & \\
50 \(\upmu\)m & 2 & 14.19 \(\pm\) 0.28 & 18.74 \(\pm\) 0.29 & 4.55 \(\pm\) 0.01 & 15.98 \(\pm\) 0.0484 & 304.57 \(\pm\) 0.42 & 302.07 \(\pm\) 2.44 \\  & 3 & 16.95 \(\pm\) 0.58 & 21.45 \(\pm\) 0.56 & 4.50 \(\pm\) 0.02 & 16.04 \(\pm\) 0.0414 & 301.96 \(\pm\) 0.58 & \\ \hline Grid depth 2 & 1 & 14.49 \(\pm\) 0.31 & 19.08 \(\pm\) 0.30 & 4.60 \(\pm\) 0.02 & 15.95 \(\pm\) 0.0771 & 307.00 \(\pm\) 1.28 & \\
100 \(\upmu\)m & 2 & 15.33 \(\pm\) 0.07 & 19.89 \(\pm\) 0.06 & 4.55 \(\pm\) 0.01 & 15.97 \(\pm\) 0.0350 & 304.43 \(\pm\) 0.89 & 306.91 \(\pm\) 2.44 \\  & 3 & 18.05 \(\pm\) 0.50 & 22.64 \(\pm\) 0.48 & 4.58 \(\pm\) 0.03 & 16.12 \(\pm\) 0.0781 & 309.30 \(\pm\) 0.76 & \\ \hline Grid depth 3 & 1 & 14.53 \(\pm\) 0.26 & 19.18 \(\pm\) 0.28 & 4.66 \(\pm\) 0.02 & 15.96 \(\pm\) 0.0292 & 311.11 \(\pm\) 1.36 & \\
150 \(\upmu\)m & 2 & 15.69 \(\pm\) 0.49 & 20.27 \(\pm\) 0.48 & 4.58 \(\pm\) 0.02 & 15.98 \(\pm\) 0.0514 & 306.08 \(\pm\) 0.12 & 310.49 \(\pm\) 4.13 \\  & 3 & 14.76 \(\pm\) 0.30 & 19.42 \(\pm\) 0.29 & 4.66 \(\pm\) 0.03 & 16.09 \(\pm\) 0.0111 & 314.27 \(\pm\) 0.54 & \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
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