## 6 Conclusions  
This paper introduces a capable jamming detection method to secure LTE, 5G, and next-generation communication systems. Through the utilization of the EVM metric measured in IQ symbols, the proposed approach diverges from traditional methods based on RSS- and BER-based measurements, thereby contributing to the advancement of jamming detection methodologies.  
The achieved contributions of this research are multi-faceted. First, the utilization of the EVM metric demonstrates its effectiveness in enhancing jamming detection sensitivity, surpassing existing approaches and providing a more reliable solution. Moreover, the method introduces low computational complexity. On the other hand, the provision of jammer frequency information by measuring the EVM for each RB in the received signal, a critical aspect often lacking in other methods, further fortifies the system's capabilities in understanding and counteracting jamming attacks.  
A notable strength of the proposed methodology is that it provides stable results against changes in system parameters such as modulation type and code rate. This stability contributes to the reliability of the results.  
The verification methods employed in this study serve to reinforce the credibility of the proposed approach. The method's successful operation in diverse system scenarios, as highlighted through extended simulation conditions, underscores its versatility and applicability in real-world situations. Theoretical analyses provide a solid foundation for the presented advantages, establishing the validity and efficacy of the jamming detection methodology. Furthermore, the conclusive demonstration of the method's success in laboratory experiments offers empirical evidence, validating its effectiveness in practical settings.  
Looking ahead, the future direction of this research aims to leverage the jammer frequency information provided by the proposed method. The intention is to develop an intelligent frequency assignment strategy for anti-jamming purposes. This forward-looking approach underscores the continuous evolution of the proposed methodology, with potential applications in optimizing communication systems against sophisticated jamming attacks.  
In summary, this study not only introduces a novel jamming detection method, but also substantiates its effectiveness through theoretical analysis and empirical validation. The method's low computational complexity, adaptability to varying system parameters, and seamless integration into existing communication systems position it as a promising solution for securing LTE, 5G, and future communication networks against jamming attacks. The envisioned future direction further emphasizes the potential of this methodology to contribute to intelligent anti-jamming strategies.  
Conceptualization, C.O. and M.K.; Methodology, C.O. and M.K.; Software, C.O.; Validation, C.O. and M.K.; Formal analysis, C.O.; Investigation, M.K.; Resources, C.O.; Data curation, C.O.; Writing--original draft, C.O.; Writing--review & editing, C.O. and M.K.; Supervision, M.K. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.  
This research received no external funding.  
Most data are included in the article. All data are available upon request from the corresponding author.  
This work was supported by Aselsan Inc. The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.