## 1 Introduction  
Seasonal ice-covered lakes, as one of the most sensitive indicators of response to greenhouse gas emissions, are closely related to regional ecological environment, production, and development in polar and high latitude regions, which have attracted increasing worldwide attention [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]. Lakes are important sources of atmospheric carbon dioxide and methane to the extent that they are thought to offset a majority share of the terrestrial carbon sink [6, 7]. They also constitute a major component of carbon landfills in the continent [8]. Polar, temperate, and alpine lakes are completely covered with ice in winter [9]. An ice-covered lake restricts energy exchange (especially thermal energy), blocks sunlight, and eliminates wave mixing. Consequently, various physical, chemical, and biological processes proceed beneath lake ice [10]. Additionally, changes in lake ice cover are major environmental indicators of climate change in the terrestrial cryosphere. With the strong correlation between lake ice phenology and climate change [11; 12; 13; 14], lake ice is considered to be one of the 12 indicators of climate change in Canada ([[http://www.ccme.ca](http://www.ccme.ca)]([http://www.ccme.ca](http://www.ccme.ca)), accessed on 15 October 2021). Several studies on the relationship between lake ice and global warming have demonstrated that lake ice across the Northern Hemisphere is exhibiting later freezing dates, earlier break-up dates, and shorter ice cover durations due to the long-term effects of global warming [15; 16]. In addition, changes in lake ice growth are influenced by numerous local and regional climatic factors, such as temperature and wind speed [3]. Therefore, the freezing and melting of lake ice is closely related to the cryosphere, atmosphere, and ecosphere [2]. Seasonal ice-covered lakes are located in boreal and temperate regions between 40\({}^{\circ}\) and 80\({}^{\circ}\) N latitude, and they are commonly subclassified into three types: (1) stable ice lakes, where ice occurs annually and ice-on and ice-off take place every year; (2) semi-stable ice lakes, where ice occurs annually but full ice coverage does not occur every year; and (3) intermittent ice lakes, where ice occasionally occurs in some years [17]. There are five basic seasonal ice-covered lake systems around the world, i.e., the Lake Baikal system, the Laurentian Great Lakes system, the European Great Lakes Ladoga and Onego system, the lake systems of Fennoscandia, and the northern Canada system. These seasonal ice lakes store most of the world's surface freshwater and are important water resources for residents. In addition, they control the local climatic balance of precipitation and evaporation, as well as the ecosystem state. Moreover, some seasonal ice-covered lakes also serve as either water transport in summer or important land-based sites for residents in winter. However, ice-covered lakes are not completely stable in winter. Cracks and ice ridges can be observed in some ice-covered lakes [17; 18; 19; 20], which poses certain difficulties and dangers for transportation Therefore, it is crucial to survey the detailed movements and understand the changes of seasonal ice-covered lakes in order to gain insights into local climate change and ensure the safety of local residents. Most previous studies have focused on ice-covered lakes near the Arctic Circle [5; 9; 21; 22; 23; 24; 25; 26; 27], but little attention has been paid to seasonal ice-covered lakes located at middle and high latitudes in Asia [2; 3]. We hope that more researchers will focus on Asian lake ice and even some other cryosphere examples to fill this research gap [2; 28]. Present imaging geodesy, which has large-scale coverage, high spatial-temporal resolution, and high precision, can provide valuable detailed deformation observations for investigating lake ice. Tools for imaging geodesy, include Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR), Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR), and pixel offset tracking (POT), and so on.