## 3 Results
### Statistical Analysis  
The prevalence of fractures among canines was assessed using 2261 cases. The information displayed in Figure 2 reveals that the gender distribution of the cohort was skewed in favor of males, comprising 54.58% (n = 1234) of the total, while females constituted 45.42% (n = 1027). The observed gender disparity in fracture incidence among the canines under study is indicative of the sample population as a whole and suggests that males account for the majority. Within the study cohort, it is evident that the incidence of fractures in extra-small breeds is significantly higher than in other breeds, accounting for 42.24% (n = 955) of the observed cases shown in Figure 3.  
Figure 3: Canine distribution by breed size. Figure 2: Canine gender distribution. This phenomenon may be ascribed to the underlying physical traits seen in extra-small breeds. Individuals with a smaller stature and a comparatively lighter bone composition may exhibit increased susceptibility to fractures, particularly when exposed to physical force or trauma. Moreover, their comparatively large population size and increased probability of seeking care at veterinary clinics may influence the percentage of fractures recorded. The fracture statistics are influenced by medium-large and medium-small breeds, which represent 19.81% (n = 448) and 12.65% (n = 286), respectively. These breeds may be associated with aspects such as their activity levels and susceptibility to injury during exercise or play. The combined fracture cases of large, small, and giant breeds are somewhat lower, which may be attributed to their stronger bone structures or under-representation within the population sample. The fracture distribution among mongrel (mixed-breed) and purebred dogs, categorized by gender and shown in Figure 4, offers valuable information on the fracture patterns associated with various breeds in our research. Mongrels make up 25.36% (n = 313) of male dogs, while purebreds make up a significant majority at 74.64% (n = 921). Likewise, in the population of female dogs, mongrels account for 23.08% (n = 237), while purebreds make up 76.92% (n = 790). This study included a wide range of distinct canine breeds, 139 in total, suggesting that the occurrence of fractures among purebred dogs covers a wide genetic range. The significant representation of purebred dogs in both the male and female cohorts, accounting for more than 75% of fracture cases, suggests that purebreds may more commonly seek veterinary treatment or exhibit increased susceptibility to fractures as a result of inherent genetic factors or breed-specific anatomical characteristics. The empirical evidence consistently indicates a greater prevalence of fractures in purebred canines of both genders, suggesting that the risk of fractures is not only determined by gender but also potentially impacted by the breed and its corresponding traits. Figure 5 displays the varying frequencies of fractures across various breeds with a focus on gender differentiation, specifically on those that accounted for more than 1% of all clinical cases. Among American Staffordshire Terriers, fractures were seen only in females, accounting for 1.85% (n = 19) of the population, whereas no cases were documented in males. Fractures in Chihuahuas were observed only in females, accounting for 1.36% (n = 14), whereas males did not exhibit any such events. On the other hand, the Bernese Mountain breed had a greater distribution in males, with an incidence of 1.94% (n = 24), compared to females at 1.17% (n = 12). A notable frequency of fractures was observed in Yorkshire Terriers, with females at 11.10% (n = 114) and males at 9.24% (n = 114). A more even distribution was observed in Labrador Retrievers, with males exhibiting a slightly greater proportion of 3.81% (n = 47) compared to females at 3.51% (n = 36). Fractures were seen in 1.85% (n = 19) of female Italian Greyhounds, with 2.27% (n = 28) attributed to males. Figure 4: Canine distribution.