# Modern Technologies for Waste Management: A Review
## 3 Discussion
Studies have been conducted to evaluate the economic and ecological profitability of AVAC systems compared to the traditional waste-collection method. While the principle behind the system is simple, it requires careful consideration of factors such as pipe diameter or pipe routing. We cannot forget that, based on the study carried out by [PERSON] et al. [47], pneumatic waste pipes, in comparison to door-to-door systems, consume more electricity when the bulky fraction includes the biodegradable fraction. Also, [PERSON] et al. [46] found that the majority of pipeline failures are due to attrition; studies show the importance of the type of transported material. Further research is needed to fully evaluate the effectiveness and long-term impact of AVAC systems depending on specific cases. It is also important to consider different energy sources in those cases as they may change the results. Other than overall efficiency, the wear out of the system as a whole should also be deeply studied, as this system was proven to be prone to attrition. The proposed and implemented AVAC systems might be improved by using AI for waste segregation, so that unwanted content does not end up in the same collector as the rest. As for pipes, the inside walls might be coated with already-existing solutions or a new, researched one. E-waste is a type of waste requiring complex processing: disassembly, mechanical treatment, and chemical treatment. Studies show that cryo-milling, a technique that involves freezing e-waste before grinding it down into small particles, might be the future of e-waste processing. Cryo-milling produces the lowest waste and recovers the most materials in comparison to the physical method, the chemical method, and biometallurgy. It also has a lower environmental impact by reducing unwanted reactions and emissions. Standardization amongst electronic devices may lead to reducing e-waste in general. Further research should consider the effects of legislative steps taken by organizations to unify used technology. It also might suggest adjustments for lowering the economic and ecological impacts and indicate technologies where unification is possible. Another topic worth considering towards the reduction of e-waste through legislation is complementary goods. Devices often come with additional items such as cables or headphones. It is important to research the amount of e-waste generated by these items, which might turn out to be a significant percentage of overall e-waste. Many cryptocurrencies generate huge amounts of e-waste due to their demand for power while mining. Bitcoin itself consumes almost as much power as the country. Developments can see this, and they are trying to achieve less demand for power. A good example could be \"The Merge\" in the Ethereum algorithm, which changes the energy consumption of this coin by \(\sim\)99.95% [69]. Currently available research papers lack a condition assessment of post-mining hardware. Graphical processing units (GPUs) are constantly exploited while mining cryptocurrencies. While miners on forums suggest that the under-volting of the lifespan of hardware is increasing, it has not been unequivocally stated through research. Central processing unit (CPU) faultiness on the other hand has been studied for consumer-class computers. It has been found that they are less likely to be faulty by 39 to 80% due to under-volting [70]. Some similarities in construction of both units might suggest that they react similarly; nevertheless, mining hardware should be studied separately due to constant load in opposition to personal computers. Using software in waste management is an incredibly convenient thing. Internet connectivity and the multitude of mobile and desktop applications have made it easier for end-users to participate in waste management activities, promoting ecological consciousness. Software automates processes, analyzes data, and can be easily extended with more functionalities. But, end-users must consider that a community is developing some of these apps.