## 5 Milk Monitoring and Supply Chain  
Connecting to the different entities that require milk, where the quality, quantity, and the ID complete information about the entities. The existing process in the milk business for measuring the percentage of milk solids is based on collecting samples when picking up milk at the farm [73]. The milk samples are sent to laboratories for investigation of milk quality and determination of the percentage of solids in the inbound milk. Furthermore, because the varied quality milks cannot be separated once they are mixed during pick-up, a mixture of high and low-quality milk is sent to the processing plants [74]. IoT has the ability to improve the milk sector by providing real-time monitoring of milk quality through the use of suitable sensors capable of assessing and separating between milk with distinct characteristics [75]. Monitoring, decision making, and automation offered by IoT will be used to deal with the complexity of cyber-physical production and supply chain logistics, resulting in improved productivity, product quality, and supply chain efficiency. Real-time monitoring of the milk supply and the conditions that affect milk production will aid in reducing milk rejection at processing plants, allowing for the identification and separate pickup of high-quality milk for premium products, improving milk supply forecasting, and allowing for better production planning [76]. Live monitoring of the milk supply and pickup events will also provide farmers with milk and pickup alerts, allowing them to cope with inappropriate milk chilling and pickup difficulties such as trucks arriving late, the driver forgetting to wash the vat, etc. This data will also help suppliers forecast their production [77]. Various research investigations have shown that spectroscopy based on visible light, Near Infra-Redlight (NIR), or IR (Infra-Red) are suitable techniques for assessing milk-quality characteristics [78]. According to research on NIR and visible-NIR spectroscopy, the commercial success of milk quality detection is based on the NIR spectroscopy concept [79]. Existing NIR milk quality sensors are considered to be highly expensive, as they need the use of complex instrumentation, and so are unlikely to be practical to install on a broad scale on farms [80]. Furthermore, recent improvements in low-cost biosensors and electro-chemical sensors have been found to be successful in laboratory-based milk quality assessment [81; 82]. With this background knowledge, the requirement for a low-cost milk quality sensing technology for inbound milk quality monitoring becomes clear. To enhance the milk quality monitoring in the dairy cattle, a framework is illustrated in the Figure 7 and it is based on IoT and blockchain technology. Basically, the manipulation of information and records are the current events that are possible to hide the wrong events and information. In the area of dairy cattle, it is necessary to maintain data transparency and data security for enhancing the business relationship and trust. With current emerging technology, it is possible with blockchain technology. Blockchain technology is distributed ledger technology, where ledgers are distributed in a peer-to-peer format among the entities, and moreover, the ledgers are secured with a hash algorithm and private key cryptography [83]. Milk monitoring note is the main component of the framework, where it comprises of different components that are required for checking the quality and quantity of milk. A sensing system is utilized for checking the milk quantity, and a weight sensor is used for the measurement of weight of the milk vessel. In addition to this, an RFID reader interfaced to the milk monitoring more recognizes the identification of the milk vessel through the RFID tag attached to it. This framework assists to establish communication when 'n' number of milk monitoring more are deployed in dairy farm in a scalable manner.