## 5 Key Enabling Technologies of Healthcare 4.0
### Ai  
AI plays a critical role as a key enabling technology in the context of Healthcare 4.0 since it can revolutionize various aspects of healthcare. For medical imaging, AI-powered algorithms can analyze medical images, such as X-rays, computerized tomography (CT) scans, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), to detect abnormalities and assist radiologists in making accurate diagnoses [88].  
AI systems can analyze vast amounts of patient data, including medical records, symptoms, and genetic information, to provide faster and more accurate disease diagnoses, improving patient outcomes. Drug discovery is another field in which AI can assist. AI algorithms can rapidly analyze large databases of pharmaceutical compounds and predict their efficacy, helping researchers identify potential drug candidates faster and reduce the time required for clinical trials.  
AI algorithms can also assist personalized medicine services by analyzing genetic data and patient records to develop personalized treatment plans, considering individual variations, and optimizing healthcare interventions. Moreover, AI can power remote monitoring services by allowing remote healthcare providers to detect changes or anomalies and provide timely interventions. AI chatbots and virtual assistants can provide basic healthcare information, answer patient queries, and offer support, enhancing patient engagement and accessibility to healthcare services. Another important aspect is the disease prediction that AI solutions can accomplish [89].  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{p{85.4 pt} p{284.5 pt}} \hline \hline
**Implication** & **Issue with Healthcare 4.0** \\ \hline Interference & The high-frequency spectrum used by 5G can be susceptible to interference from physical objects, such as walls or medical equipment. Ensuring reliable coverage and minimizing potential signal disruptions is crucial. \\ \hline Cost & The deployment of 5G networks and associated hardware can be expensive. Healthcare organizations need to assess the cost implications and potential return on investment when considering 5G implementation. \\ \hline Infrastructure & 5G networks rely on a dense infrastructure of small cells and base stations. Implementing this infrastructure within healthcare facilities may require significant infrastructure upgrades. \\ \hline Regulatory & The implementation of 5G in healthcare may involve compliance with specific regulations governing data privacy, patient consent, and network safety. Adhering to these regulations is essential to avoid legal and ethical issues. \\ \hline Public fears and beliefs & While 5G technology offers numerous benefits, some people have expressed concerns and fears about its deployment, especially in medical services. One of the primary fears revolves around potential health risks associated with increased exposure to electromagnetic radiation. Some individuals worry that the higher frequency and intensity of 5G signals might have adverse effects on human health. It is essential to address these fears through rigorous scientific research, transparent communication, and robust regulatory measures. \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}
Table 9: Limitations of 5G communications in Healthcare 4.0.  
Telesurgery is another domain that has to make use of AI. To achieve the required latency and quality of experience (QoE) required by telesurgery applications. AI will be used to build model mediation algorithms and edge intelligence computing to enable real-time communication required for telesurgery applications [90].  
The integration of AI in Healthcare 4.0 has the potential to transform healthcare delivery, enhance diagnostics, and improve patient care by leveraging the power of machine learning, natural language processing, and advanced analytics.