## 1 Introduction  
The interest in blockchain applications for organizational and business purposes has been growing exponentially in recent years, both in academia and industry. This also holds for the field of logistics and supply chain management (LSCM), where not only are the practitioners devoted to this topic, but also leading operations and supply chain management journals attest to this trend by issuing special calls for papers [1; 2]. However, in the light of the disruptive potential attributed to blockchain technologies and its associated studies in this field [3; 4], existing academic research shows a lack of theoretical foundations to investigate blockchain technology and its applications [5]. Given its very recent emergence, academic research in this blockchain technology can still be regarded as in its infancy, as most of its research is in the early phases, and still exploratory with highly conceptual models, thus lacking (directly applicable) theories [5]. Similarly, to blockchain research, organizational theories in the field of LSCM, while existing, are rarely used [6; 7; 8], because the field of LSCM is boundary-spanning by nature, and therefore has to take into account that the nature of industries, organizational structures or cultures can vary significantly across businesses [9; 10; 11; 12; 13; 14]. These highly diverse contexts make it often hard for scholars to determine the right underlying theory to investigate a problem in LSCM. In fact, LSCM management scholars often diagnose an 'identity crisis' [15] of the field, and stipulate that it suffers from 'conceptual slack' [12], due to the lack of commonality and cohesion in theories, concepts and methods. As a consequence, blockchain research in LSCM is often relying upon assumptions, rather than on established theoretical foundations. We propose that new knowledge and insights generated for blockchain in LSCM should be based on and explained by extant as well as emergent organizational theories. In particular, we argue that the use of organizational theories provides a bridge for academic research to investigate blockchain-related topics in LSCM. Organizational theories represent the \"frame of reference which helps us to make sense out of the events which we observe. It facilitates the process of bringing together and linking events which seem to be randomized and without relationship into a meaningful relationship and order\" [16]. However, so far, it is not clear which organizational theories are used to investigate the diverse contexts of blockchain in LSCM, nor to what extent these theories are applied in current literature. In response, this paper aims to identify specific organizational theories that can be used to examine blockchain literature in LSCM. By systematically reviewing current blockchain literature in LSCM, this paper not only identifies which specific organizational theories are used to examine blockchain in LSCM, but also investigates the respective organizational theories to formulate relevant research questions for blockchain in LSCM. This is the first study systematically linking organizational theories to current blockchain literature in LSCM, thereby introducing academics and managers to the core concepts of the relevant organizational theories, and how these theories can be utilized to investigate specific blockchain problems. It needs to be emphasized that this paper focuses upon the application of relevant organizational theories, i.e., what theories are relevant when investigating blockchain, using LSCM as a context. Overall, the main contribution of this study is to serve as a reference for blockchain in LSCM fields, in order to advance organizational theory building and application. The remainder of this paper is structured as follows: the next chapter provides a brief overview about the lack of theory application in both blockchain and LSCM literature, followed by a presentation of the methodology that is used to identify the relevant organizational theories of blockchain papers in LSCM.