## 1 Introduction
For instance, Al\({}_{2}\)O\({}_{3}\) demonstrates exceptional adsorption capacity for phosphorus and fluorine due to its large specific surface area and efficient mass transfer properties [38]. Similarly, integrating polymeric aluminum chloride (PAC) into PG binder formulations has shown promising results in enhancing the fluoride retention through high adsorption capacity and encapsulation efficiency [39]. While these studies demonstrate that the leaching rate of fluorine and phosphorus can be effectively reduced by adding binders to PG, it is important to note that the current methods require significant quantities of other materials, such as fly ash [40], red clay [41], and lime [42], to prepare PG-based cement materials. This substantially reduces the PG consumption, increases process costs, and limits the environmental compatibility. Therefore, identifying suitable curing materials for fluorine and phosphorus is a critical scientific challenge in unlocking the full resource potential of PG and advancing its large-scale utilization. Zeolite has emerged as a widely utilized material for pollutant treatment, owing to its unique nanoscale pore structure and excellent adsorption properties [43; 44; 45]. Its large specific surface area and well-developed pore network provide a promising platform for the solidification of phosphorus and fluorine impurities, effectively reducing their mobility and environmental risks. In addition to zeolite, inexpensive and readily available curing agents such as quicklime (CaO) and slaked lime (Ca(OH)2) have been identified as key materials for stabilizing phosphorus and fluorine impurities. These agents react with phosphorus and fluorine impurities to form insoluble composite precipitates, thereby achieving effective immobilization [46; 47; 48]. The synergistic use of zeolite and lime-based additives offers an efficient approach to addressing the challenges associated with impurity leaching in PG. By leveraging their complementary properties, these materials hold significant potential for scalable, cost-effective, and environmentally friendly applications in PG treatment and resource recovery. In this study, quicklime and zeolite powder were selected as curing agents to address the challenges of stabilizing soluble phosphorus and fluorine impurities in PG. This selection was guided by their complementary properties; zeolite powder offers exceptional physical adsorption capabilities due to its nanoscale pore structure and large specific surface area, while quicklime is highly reactive and facilitates chemical modification through the formation of insoluble compounds. By examining the individual and combined roles of quicklime and zeolite powder, this study provides critical insights into the optimization of curing conditions. To deepen our understanding, the curing mechanisms of quicklime and zeolite powder were thoroughly analyzed using advanced characterization techniques. These analyses revealed the specific pathways through which physical adsorption and chemical reactions contribute to impurity stabilization. The findings of this study provide a theoretical foundation and technical guidance for optimizing PG treatment processes. They highlight the potential of integrating physical and chemical methods to develop economical, efficient, and environmentally friendly strategies for large-scale impurity stabilization and PG resource utilization.