## 3 Results and Discussion
### Measurement of Xanthine Oxidase Inhibitory Effect of C. axillaris Dried Extract  
To investigate the potential antigout effect of dried fruit from _C. axillaris_, an experiment was conducted. In this experiment, ethyl acetate, acetone, methanol, and aqueous extracts of _C. axillaris_ dried fruit were tested to determine their ability to inhibit xanthine oxidase. Four different concentrations were used for each extract. The results obtained from these tests were also compared to the standard drug allopurniol and are presented in Table 6. It was observed that all the analyzed samples demonstrated a dose-dependent inhibitory effect and maximum XO inhibitory effect (82.25%) was shown by its acetone extract, at the concentration of 100 \(\mathrm{\SIUnitSymbolMicro g}\)/mL. The IC\({}_{50}\) value, which represents the concentration of the extract required to achieve 50% inhibition of xanthine oxidase activity, was determined for all the tested samples. As depicted in Figure 3, among the four extracts examined, the acetone dried fruit extract exhibited the most favorable IC\({}_{50}\) value of 20.80 \(\mathrm{\SIUnitSymbolMicro g}\)/mL, followed closely by the methanol dried fruit extract with an IC\({}_{50}\) value of 35.31 \(\mathrm{\SIUnitSymbolMicro g}\)/mL. In comparison, the standard allopurniol displayed an IC\({}_{50}\) value of 6.8 \(\mathrm{\SIUnitSymbolMicro g}\)/mL. The xanthine oxidase inhibitory effect of _C. axillaris_ dried fruit extracts was reported for the first time. Although antigout effects of _C. axillaris_ dried fruit have not been reported yet, major bioactive constituents isolated from the _C. axillaris_ fruit, such as ellagic acid [62; 63], gallic acid [63; 64], quercetin, dihydroquercetin [65; 66; 67; 68], catechchin [65], and unsolic acid [69; 70] have demonstrated notable antigout effects in various in vitro, in silico, and in vivo studies. Consequently, it is strongly advised to pursue a bioassay-guided investigation using animal models to further explore the potential antigout properties of _C. axillaris_.  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c} \hline \hline \multicolumn{5}{c}{**Xon Inhibitory Activity (\%)**} \\ \cline{2-5}
**Concentrations (\(\mathrm{\SIUnitSymbolMicro g}\)/mL)** & **10** & **25** & **50** & **100** \\ \hline Alopurinol & 53.61\(\pm\) 0.47 & 66.78\(\pm\) 0.76 & 79.74 \(\pm\) 1.69 & 96.67 \(\pm\) 0.45 \\ \hline Ethyl acetate & 31.55 \(\pm\) 0.19 & 48.03 \(\pm\) 0.80 & 58.50 \(\pm\) 0.21 & 71.81 \(\pm\) 1.87 \\ \hline Acetone & 39.06 \(\pm\) 0.23 & 54.79 \(\pm\) 0.44 & 69.67 \(\pm\) 0.21 & 82.25 \(\pm\) 0.46 \\ \hline Methanol & 34.05 \(\pm\) 0.18 & 58.75 \(\pm\) 0.61 & 64.37 \(\pm\) 2.72 & 76.60 \(\pm\) 1.88 \\ \hline Water & 28.18 \(\pm\) 0.17 & 41.85 \(\pm\) 0.81 & 51.96 \(\pm\) 1.84 & 67.13 \(\pm\) 0.94 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular} Data are expressed as mean value \(\pm\) standard deviation (\(\mathrm{n}=3\)).  
\end{table}
Table 6: Xanthine oxidase inhibitory effect of ethyl acetate, acetone, methanol, and aqueous extracts of _C. axillaris_ fruit, at various concentrations, along with standard allopurniol.  
Figure 2: Bar diagram depicting IC\({}_{50}\) values of four different extracts of _C. axillaris_ dried fruit for DPPH free radical inhibition, along with ascorbic acid.