# Analysis of EMC Factors on Electronic Devices Using PLS-SEM Method: A Case Study in Vietnam
## 3 Hypothesis Development on Electromagnetic Compatibility  
The object of this research is to examine the regulations governing the electromagnetic field compatibility of electrical equipment being operated in the territory of Vietnam and the world, and the product standards related to the management of electrical equipment. Electromagnetic Compatibility is studied. The data collection method of this study is to survey the list of relevant regulations on Electromagnetic Compatibility management for electronic equipment currently on the market in Vietnam: chat investigation, audio recording, and taking notes; survey questionnaires (in person and by email). Conduction couplings describe the path by which noise is generated at the noise source and then transmitted to the noise receiver. Understanding the nature of noises and how they operate in electronic circuits is the key to solving the problem. Electromagnetic interference is composed of two components (a magnetic field and an electric field), so the noise propagates from the source to the receiver through four main couplings: conduction (conduction), radiation (radiation), capacitance (capacitive coupling), and inductive coupling. Conductive: conductive coupling occurs when noise is transmitted along the conductors (wires and cables) connecting the noise source and the interference receiver [54]. The noise on this coupling is mainly on the power line and has a predominant magnetic field component. Conductive coupling will exist in two modes: common mode (noise occurs in phase on +v and -v lines) and bias mode (noise appears out of phase on two lines). A common way to limit interference on conductive couplings is to use filters and shields for cables. Radiation: radiation coupling is the most common coupling and often appears in noise couplings. Unlike conduction, radiation coupling has no physical connection between the noise source and the receiver through which the electromagnetic interference would be transmitted in space [55]. Capacitance: capacitive coupling is the coupling that occurs in two connected devices. Coupling occurs when there is a voltage change in the capacitive source that conducts charge transfer to the other device. Induction: inductive coupling is a coupling where a conductor interferes with nearby equipment through electromagnetic induction. The above arguments lead to our first hypothesis. **Hypothesis 1 (H1)**. _EMI conditions have a negative impact on Electromagnetic Compatibility_. Electromagnetic Susceptibility (EMS) is the ability of electrical and electronic equipment to function properly when affected by electromagnetic interference. Immunity from EMS together with EMI interference is the two main factors that make up EMC Electromagnetic Compatibility. The reduction of electromagnetic interference needs to combine to solve the problem of increasing EMS immunity and reducing EMI interference. The EMS measurement is designed to ensure that the electronic product itself is resistant to external interference, such as static electricity, and to the extent to which the product can withstand a lightning strike [56]. EMS is understood as the ability of electrical equipment to function properly even when affected by surrounding noise waves. EMI and EMS immunity are the two main factors that make up EMC because, in order for equipment to be electromagnetically compatible, it is necessary to combine these two factors to solve two problems that are reducing EMI infection and increasing immunity [57]. Minimizing problems related to electromagnetic interference in electrical and electronic equipment: Devices that do not use EMC will cause disturbances and interference to electrical equipment. For example, when you use LED equipment that does not use the EMC standard, it will interfere with the radio, telephone, or any other device with electromagnetic waves [58].