## 2 Applications in Chemistry
### Metal-Catalyzed Miscellaneous Reactions
A selection of the prepared compounds is shown in Figure 4.  
Under manganese catalysis, VEC **1e** was employed to functionalize aryl compounds bearing electron donor groups to obtain the hydroxybutanylated derivatives **47a-c**[90]. The manganese complex [MnBr(CO)5] was used in the presence of sodium acetate over 5 h reaction time, allowing the synthesis of twelve allyic alcohols with moderate to excellent yields (54-97%) (Scheme 27). Figure 4: Selected compounds prepared by [PERSON], [PERSON], and co-workers [89]. With a view to synthesizing spiroketals, orthoesters, and orthocarbonates, [PERSON] and co-workers [91] resorted to ruthenium catalysis, thanks to the combined use of the salt [CpRu(CH\({}_{3}\)CN)\({}_{3}\)][BAr\({}_{\rm F}\)] (2.5 mol%) and 1,10-phenanthroline (2.5 mol%). For the synthesis of orthocarbonates **48** (27-72% yields), decomposition of \(\alpha\)-diazo-\(\beta\)-ketoesters **49** (3.0 equivalent) in the presence of **1** was performed in dichloromethane for 3 days at 60 \({}^{\circ}\)C (Scheme 28). The lower reactivity of cyclic carbonates **1** when compared to cyclic ketones and lactones (3-24 h) led the authors to suggest the occurrence of a stronger complexation of the catalyst [CpRu(phen)][BAr\({}_{\rm F}\)] with **1**, which would slow down the catalytic cycle due to the slower release of the complex [CpRu(phen)][BAr\({}_{\rm F}\)]. Moreover, compared to ketones, cyclic carbonates display reduced nucleophilicity in the capture of the transient electrophilic carbene. Another example of ruthenium catalysis was described by [PERSON], [PERSON], and co-workers [92] to obtain \(\alpha\)- and \(\alpha\),\(\omega\)-telechelic cyclocarbonate polycyclooctenes **50** and **51**, macromolecules having two reactive end groups that are able to react selectively with other molecules to create new bonds [93]. The high-yielding reaction between cyclooctene **52** and VEC **1e** or acryloyl derivative **1k** was promoted by a Grubbs 2 nd generation ruthenium catalyst in THF at 40 \({}^{\circ}\)C (Scheme 29). However, the authors did not define the polymerization degrees. The polymers characterized by \({}^{1}\)H NMR are important as a starting backbone for the preparation of new materials for applications in different fronts, such as surfactants or NIPUs. Silylating agents are broadly used to insert different functional groups on the surfaces of organic or inorganic materials. In this line, the synthesis of functionalized symmetrical and unsymmetrical disilazanes was reported with excellent yields (81-95%) by using the [PERSON] catalyst Pt\({}_{2}\)[(CH\({}_{2}\)=CHSi(CH\({}_{3}\))\({}_{2}\))\({}_{2}\)O]\({}_{3}\)[94]. [PERSON] and co-workers reported the reaction between olefins and the 1,1,3,3-tetramethyldisilazane **53** in toluene at 60-110 \({}^{\circ}\)C over 3-24 h (Scheme 30). Among the olefins involved, when VEC **1e** was reacted with **53**, the bifunctional unsymmetrical disilazane **54** was obtained with 85% yield after only 5 h, thus showing the relevant tolerance of the cyclic carbonate unit. To perform the C-H allylation of indoles by insertion of VEC **1e**, [PERSON] and co-workers [95] described the use of mechanochemistry, cobalt(III) catalyst [Cp*Co(MeCN)3][SbF6]2, silver acetate, and silica gel (Scheme 31). This reaction allowed the functionalization of fifteen indole derivatives with **1e** under solvent-free conditions, delivering the desired products **55** in modest to high yields (28-98%). It is worth highlighting that the reactions were run for only 2 h using a ball mill (800 rpm), which characterizes this method as an environmentally friendly protocol. In 2012, [PERSON] and [PERSON] [96] reported the first creation of carbon-carbon bonds with glycerol 1,2-carbonate (Scheme 32). They proposed conjugate addition reactions of activated glycerol 1,2-carbonate derivatives **1** onto electron-deficient olefins **57** based on an electrochemical process using nickel complexes as catalysts in conjunction with a consumable anode.