## 3 Calculation Methodology of the PVCS Carbon Impact
### Presentation of the Study Perimeter
#### 3.2.3 Carbon Impact of Charging Terminals  
The carbon impact of charging terminals depends on their installation type-grounded or suspended. For the suspended charging terminals, the carbon impact will be based on the model of the EVLink Wallbox Plus [30]. The environmental profile of this product, provided by its manufacturer Schneider Electric, presents the LCA realized on the following lifecycle phases: Materials and Manufacturing (M), Distribution (D), Installation (I), Usage (U), and End of life (E). Therefore, the carbon emission coefficient associated with the suspended charging terminal \(CO_{2,Suspended\,CT}\) is obtained by the equation below:  
\[CO_{2,Suspended\,CT}=CO_{2,Suspended\,CT,\,M}+CO_{2,Suspended\,CT,\,D}+CO_{2,Suspended\,CT,\,1}+CO_{2,Suspended\,CT,\,E} \tag{32}\]  
where \(CO_{2,Suspended\,CT,\,M}\), \(CO_{2,Suspended\,CT,\,D}\), \(CO_{2,Suspended\,CT,\,I}\), and \(CO_{2,Suspended\,CT,\,E}\) are the carbon emission coefficients of Manufacturing (M), Distribution (D), Installation (I), and End of life (E), respectively (kgCO2,eq/unit). In addition, the carbon impact of the maintenance \(Imp_{Suspended\,CT,\,\mathit{maint}}\) of these charging terminals must be taken into account, which can be calculated as indicated in Equation (33), according to the carbon emission coefficient for transporting maintenance agents to the terminals in kgCO2,eq/km \(CO_{2,Suspended\,CT,\,\mathit{maint}}\), the annual average distance traveled by maintenance agents in km/year \(d\), and the considered analysis period, \(q\). \[Imp_{Suspended\,CT,\,\mathit{maint}}=CO_{2,Suspended\,CT,\,\mathit{maint}} \cdot d\cdot q \tag{33}\]  
Thus, the carbon impact \(Imp_{Suspended\,CT}\) of the suspended charging terminals of the PVCS is obtained based on Equation (34):  
\[Imp_{Suspended\,CT}=CO_{2,Suspended\,CT}\cdot N_{Suspended\,CT}\cdot(r_{ ter}+1)+Imp_{Suspended\,CT,\,\mathit{maint}} \tag{34}\]  
where \(N_{Suspended\,CT}\) is the number of suspended charging terminals, and \(r_{ter}\) is the number of replacements of the terminals. Next comes the estimation of the carbon impact of the grounded charging terminals. The carbon coefficient will be detailed according to the EVLink City model [31]. Unlike the suspended charging terminal, the environmental profile of this grounded charging terminal is not provided by its manufacturer. It is assumed, therefore, that the composition of the latter is proportionally identical to that of the suspended charging terminal. The mass of the terminals and the emission coefficient of a suspended charging terminal make it possible to estimate the emission coefficient of the grounded charging terminal \(CO_{2,Grounded\,CT}\) (kgCO2,eq/charging terminal) as follows:  
\[CO_{2,Grounded\,CT}=\frac{CO_{2,Suspended\,CT\,\mathit{-MI} Grounded\,CT}}{m_{Suspended\,CT}} \tag{35}\]  
where \(m_{Grounded\,CT}\) and \(m_{Suspended\,CT}\) are the mass of the grounded and suspended terminals, respectively (kg). In addition, to calculate the carbon impact of the grounded charging terminal, the carbon impact of the civil engineering \(Imp_{Critical\,engi}\) must also be considered, as given in Equation (36). This carbon impact will only be considered for the first generation of grounded terminals. The civil engineering necessary to install of the grounded terminals is considered as reusable during terminal replacements. \[Imp_{Civil\,engi}=V_{RC}\cdot CO_{2,RC}\cdot\rho_{C}\cdot N_{Grounded\,CT} \tag{36}\]  
where \(V_{RC}\) is the volume of RC required for the foundation of the grounded charging terminals in m\({}^{3}\), \(\rho_{C}\) is the density of concrete in kg/m\({}^{3}\), \(CO_{2,RC}\) is the RC carbon emission coefficient in kgCO2,eq/ton, and \(N_{Grounded\,CT}\) is the number of suspended charging terminals. For maintenance, the same equation is intended as for the suspended terminal.