## 6 Discussion
Network construction indirectly estimates the time complexity of the construction algorithm by the trend of the average packets at different network sizes, which shows a decreasing trend as the network size increases. The above shows that the network construction as well as the success rate of lookup meets the basic needs of decentralized network scenarios for applications such as IoT, which can be used in scenarios such as decentralized smart homes. In addition, in our other two sets of experiments on the impact of the ratio of unreachable nodes to the number of long connections N on the network, we suggest that the ratio of unreachable nodes in the network should not exceed 60%. When the ratio of unreachable nodes is high, the increase in long connections maintained by each reachable node and the increase in query packets in the network lead to a decrease in the efficiency of unreachable node lookup. The number of long connections N is chosen according to the size of the network, and as the size of the network increases, a larger number of N can bring out the optimal lookup performance of the entire network for unreachable nodes. Next, we discuss the establishment of the communication channel, which is the last step before two nodes have to communicate, and after successfully establishing the communication channel, they can communicate without restrictions. Our scheme provides two methods, direct connection between two nodes and a third-node relay, both of which require an assisted connection to a reachable node that maintains a long connection with an unreachable node. In our experiments, we verified that the success rate of direct connection is essentially the same as that of third-node relay connection three times, and direct connection has higher complexity in establishing the connection channel than third-node relay. However, after the communication channel is established, the third-node relay scheme needs this node to always forward network traffic, which consumes additional network resources on the one hand and tends to form a network bottleneck on the other. Therefore, when a large amount of data need to be transmitted, the direct connection scheme is preferred, and only when the direct connection scheme fails to establish the communication channel, the relay scheme is selected as a backup. Finally, we discuss the communication scheme of this paper in its entirety. The address generation algorithm with the use of the implicit information contained in this address replaces the CA authority in the traditional scheme and allows authentication and communication encryption without the help of a trusted authority. The establishment of virtual network and communication channel replaces the centralized cloud platform in the traditional scheme, which can realize virtual routing and data transmission without relying on IP address without the help of a trusted centralized institution. The whole system no longer relies on the centralized platform and trusted institutions, and the user owns the device democracy and has autonomous control over the device, which brings help for privacy issues and centralized single point of failure due to centralized institutions, such as IoT smart home using centralized cloud platform with MQTT [54], CoAP [55] and other protocols. For the decentralized solution, compared to the decentralized naming system, our solution solves the finding and communication of unreachable nodes with unreachable IP addresses and the guarantee of transmission security without relying on additional third-party platforms. We compare their main 8 metrics as shown in Table 3.  
In Table 4, we compare in detail three schemes related to our work about decentralized solutions. In contrast to the [PERSON] et al.