## 3 Method  
### Burned and Unburned Pixel Sample Collection  
For each pair of site images (Table 1) unambiguous pixel samples that were unburned in the first acquisition and burned in the second acquisition at the same geographic location were selected (termed for brevity unburned-burned class samples). In addition, to act as a control, unambiguous pixel samples that were unburned in the first and second acquisitions at the same geographic location (termed for brevity unburned-unburned class samples) were also selected. The control pixel locations \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c} \hline \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**Sentinel-2 MSI Bands**} & **Spatial Resolution** & **Central Wavelength** & **Band Width** \\  & **(m)** & **(nm)** & **(nm)** \\ \hline Band 1: Coastal Aerosol (b01) * & 60 & 443 & 20 \\ Band 2: Blue (b02) & 10 & 490 & 65 \\ Band 3: Green (b03) & 10 & 560 & 35 \\ Band 4: Red (b04) & 10 & 665 & 30 \\ Band 5: Vegetation Red Edge (b05) & 20 & 705 & 15 \\ Band 6: Vegetation Red Edge (b06) & 20 & 740 & 15 \\ Band 7: NIR (b07) & 20 & 783 & 20 \\ Band 8: NIR (b08) & 10 & 842 & 115 \\ Band 8A: NIR (b8a) & 20 & 865 & 20 \\ Band 9: Water Vapor (b09) * & 60 & 945 & 20 \\ Band 10: SWIR Cirrus (b10) * & 60 & 1375 & 30 \\ Band 11: SWIR (b11) & 20 & 1610 & 90 \\ Band 12: SWIR (b12) & 20 & 2190 & 180 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 2: Spectral and spatial resolution of the Sentinel 2A MSI bands (* denotes bands not considered in study. ). \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c} \hline \hline \multicolumn{1}{c}{**Spectral Index**} & **Spatial Resolution (m)** & **Formulation** \\ \hline Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (8/4) & 10 & \((\mathrm{b08-b04})\) / \((\mathrm{b08+b04})\) \\ Normalized Difference Vegetation Index red-edge (8a/5) & 20 & \((\mathrm{b8a-b05})\) / \((\mathrm{b8a+b05})\) \\ Normalized Difference Vegetation Index red-edge (8a/6) & 20 & \((\mathrm{b8a-b06})\) / \((\mathrm{b8a+b06})\) \\ Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (8a/7) & 20 & \((\mathrm{b8a-b07})\) / \((\mathrm{b8a+b07})\) \\ Normalized Burn Ratio (8a/11) & 20 & \((\mathrm{b8a-b11})\) / \((\mathrm{b8a+b11})\) \\ Normalized Burn Ratio (8a/12) & 20 & \((\mathrm{b8a-b12})\) / \((\mathrm{b8a+b12})\) \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 3: Spectral indices (denoted by the two bands used) considered in this study. were different to the unburned-burned pixel locations but were selected nearby and over the same first acquisition vegetation types. The MSI spectral band (Table 2) and spectral index (Table 3) values were extracted at the selected pixel locations. The burned and unburned pixel sample selection was undertaken interactively by an experienced geospatial analyst. True color 10 m (b04, b03, b02) and false color 20 m (b12, b11, b8a) TOA reflectance images for the two acquisitions were displayed. Image-processing software that allowed zooming, local contrast stretching, and rapid image comparison was used. The use of two date image pairs provides several interpretative advantages over single date data. It ensures that burned areas that occurred before the first acquisition date are not mistakenly mapped as having burned between the two acquisition dates, reduces the likelihood of spectral confusion with spectrally similar surfaces (e.g., water bodies or dark soil), and allows relative changes to be assessed [27; 50; 51]. Only pixels that were judged visually to be unaffected by cloud, optically thick smoke or haze, and that were shadow free were selected. In addition, to reduce burned area edge effects and the impact of any multi-temporal image misregistration, only pixels that were more than 20 m from a burned area edge were selected. To reduce the mapping effort, particularly in the sites containing large numbers of small and spatially fragmented burns, a minimum mapping unit of 60 m was adopted, whereby only burned areas with small axis dimensions of 60 m or greater were selected.