## 2 Materials and Methods  
The graphene is modeled with a rectangular supercell, which contains 3100 carbon atoms in a two-dimensional \(x\) and \(y\) space with a 200 A  vacuum region along the \(z\)-axis. To prevent finite-size effects, the size of the simulation cells is approximately 103 \(\times\) 74 A, which is obtained from variable cell relaxation of graphene. In geometry optimization, all atoms are relaxed until the force on each atom is smaller than 0.01 eV/A  with an energy convergence of 10\({}^{-4}\) eV. The internal strain field developed by defects such as dislocations in graphene results in the out-of-plane buckling [38]; however, in the present work periodic boundary conditions applied along \(x\) and \(y\) directions buckling is suppressed. Thus, the system moves to a mechanically stable state with a downward bubble around each dislocation. It was previously shown that dislocation dipole in graphene could induce such bubbles with an amplitude up to 3.3 A.  
A dislocation dipole (DD) consists of two dislocations divided by the different distance which is the dipole arm \(l\). The part of the simulation cell with the DD is presented in Figure 1 for each considered defect. Here, the orientation angle of the dipoles is \(\pi/6\), although it can be varied in a wide range [39]. The structures are named DD\({}_{n}\), where the subscript \(n\) indicates the distance between two 5-7 pairs in the hexagon units. The height \(h\) from the bottom of the basin to the top of the hillock changes as the distance between the two 5-7 pairs increases. The well-known SW defect in graphene may be viewed as a tightly bounded edge dislocation dipole in a 2D hexagonal lattice [39]. The Burgers vector of the dislocations comprising the SW defect and dislocation dipoles has magnitude \(b=\sqrt{3}a\), where \(a=1.42\) A  is the C-C spacing in graphene. Values of dipole arms and buckling height for DD\({}_{2-10}\) are presented in Table 1.  
The defect structures are obtained with the help of a homemade program; the LAMMPS simulation package is employed to perform the tensile loading simulations. The adaptive intermolecular reactive bond order (AIREBO) potential [40] is used to describe the interaction between carbon atoms. The simulation cell is periodic along the \(x\) (armchair) and \(y\) (zigzag) directions.  
Displacement-controlled uniaxial tension is applied to graphene at a constant temperature and strain rate 0.005 ps\({}^{-1}\), and the various stress components are calculated at each strain level to obtain the stress-strain curves. The tensile loading is applied by increasing the periodic simulation box size along the loading direction.  
The Nose-Hoover thermostat is employed and the temperature is set to 0 K, 300 K, and 1000 K. All the values obtained at 300 K and 1000 K are averaged over at least 100 trials at given values of strain. Two criteria are used to identify the fracture of graphene: bond breaking and sharp reduction of the potential energy of the system. These two criteria give close critical time since the large elastic strain and relatively low temperatures (lower than 1000 K) are considered. At these conditions, a brittle fracture is observed.