## 5 Discussion  
The convergence areas for the measurement results were identified with the use of statistical analysis. The standard deviation of the results from the population was determined on the basis of normal probability distribution, and then confidence intervals were determined for a confidence level of 95 %. As each of the measurements was repeated  
Figure 10: Average cylinder piston rod displacement values recorded after the initiation of the stopping process, expressed as a function of the maximum forces and pressure. three times, the confidence intervals were analyzed with the Student's T distribution. The analysis results are listed in Table 3 and graphically represented in Figure 11.  
The statistical analysis clearly indicates that the results differ and three ranges of loads can be distinguished, leading to the following conclusions. The first conclusion refers to the load range from zero to 100 kg, corresponding to the registered maximum pressures range from 2.5 to about 4.5 MPa, i.e., the value equal to approximately 15% of the maximum pressure value in the control valve. Statistical analysis shows that in this range of loads the greatest piston rod displacement after the initiation of the stopping action is observed in solution 1. As the loads increase, the differences between the tested systems become less significant and within the maximum pressure range of 4.5 to approximately 7.5 MPa the confidence intervals are comparable for all three systems. As the loads are further increased, within the maximum pressure range of 7.5 to approximately 9.5 MPa, the average displacement values increase for all solutions, while the confidence interval of solution 1 does not overlap with the confidence intervals of solutions 2 and 3. In this load range solution 1 shows a tendency for the smallest displacement value. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c} \hline \multicolumn{5}{c}{**1 st System**} \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**Mass [kg]**} & **Average** & **Confidence** & **Upper Confidence** & **Lower Confidence** \\  & **Value** & **Interval** & **Limit** & **Limit** \\ \hline
0 & **7.60** & 1.05 & 8.12 & 7.07 \\ \hline
100 & **7.07** & 3.06 & 8.60 & 5.54 \\ \hline
200 & **5.25** & 1.83 & 6.16 & 4.33 \\ \hline
300 &  
Importantly, although the test parameters were not modified, the results of measurements performed for greater loads acting on the system begin to differ significantly from each other. The author believes that this effect may be linked to the fact that as the cylinder stops, the opening of the valve is a discontinuous process related to repeated temporary opening of the valve due to variable pressure. The dynamic response of the valve moving element seems to allow the valve to open a greater number of times during the cylinder stopping process, and each such opening action is reflected in the displacement of the piston rod. The different results observed at higher loads are probably due to pressure variations which cause a greater number of irregular temporary valve opening actions. Further analysis of the relationships between the pressure variations and the dynamic phenomena in hydraulic valves operating in hydrostatic systems is an interesting research direction and is continued by the author. The presented test results demonstrate that the positioning accuracy of the hydraulic cylinders obtained for various system architectures has favorable values in certain load ranges. The results of the statistical analysis indicate that a general assumption that one of the analyzed systems will always ensure greater accuracy of the actuator movements is therefore incorrect. The analysis of the accuracy of the hydraulic cylinder movements should therefore also allow for the dependence of this parameter on the extent and variability of pressures affecting the valve system as a result of external load changes.