# Construction 4.0: A Systematic Review of Its Application in Developing Countries
## 5 Awareness, Understanding, Application, and Challenges of Construction 4.0
### Application of Construction 4.0 in Developing Countries
The advent of Industry 4.0 (both within and outside of construction) is anticipated to revolutionise the manufacturing sector in India and other developing countries, as it promises to enhance operational efficiencies within key industries, not least automotive, electrical, and electronics [58]. The primary emphasis will be on the progress of technology in diverse sectors. The integration of IIOT (Industrial Internet of Things), 3 DP (three-dimensional printing), 3D sensors, social software, augmented reality, and location awareness is widely regarded as pivotal for the forthcoming era of intelligent manufacturing. The integration of these automation technologies is propelling the manufacturing industry towards the subsequent stage of technological progress. However, it is more frequent than not that developing countries get left behind and simply struggle to catch up, if they can catch up at all. Construction 4.0 refers to a comprehensive framework encompassing automation, business information, and manufacturing execution systems. Its purpose is to enhance industrial operations by integrating various facets of production and commerce across organisational boundaries, thereby promoting increased efficiency [59]. Both developed countries and developing countries would benefit from Construction 4.0, although implementation in the latter is more problematic than in the former (see Section 4.3). The Internet of Things (IoT) is regarded as a significant component of Construction 4.0, and it is anticipated that India will acquire approximately 20% of the global IoT market within the next five years. It was projected that the global market would reach a value of USD 300 billion by the year 2020 [60]. This could open up significant opportunities for developing countries in addition to developed countries; however, proactive, \"bespoke\" measures are required for each. Several prominent Indian states are already undertaking proactive measures to embrace the transformative paradigm of Construction 4.0. The same cannot be said for other developing countries. The state of Andhra Pradesh, for example, has undertaken an initiative to leverage the potential of the Internet of Things (IoT) within the nation. The state government granted approval for an unprecedented Internet of Things (IoT) policy, with the objective of transforming the state into a prominent IoT centre by the year 2020 and capturing approximately 10 percent of the national market [61]. This shows the power and role of policy and governance more generally within developing countries, not least when it comes to Construction 4.0. The Indian government implemented \"_Green Energy Corridors_\" with the objective of facilitating the integration of renewable energy sources. These corridors aim to develop smart grid systems capable of accommodating the intermittent nature of renewable energy inputs while also enabling the implementation of energy storage solutions. This is very much a part of Construction 4.0 for developed and developing countries alike. The importance to India can be seen in the fact that the government allocated a sum exceeding USD 1 billion towards this endeavour and has commenced initiatives in several states, including Andhra Pradesh, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, Gujarat, and Himachal Pradesh [62]. Given the climatic conditions in a range of developing countries, such adoption therein is technologically feasible, although it is likely not economically feasible at this moment in time. The establishment of India's inaugural smart factory in Bengaluru marks a significant transition from automation to autonomy, wherein machines communicate with one another. Significant advancements are being achieved at the Centre for Product Design and Manufacturing (CPDM) at the Indian Institute of Science (IISc), facilitated by a financial contribution from the Boeing Company. The future of manufacturing, often referred to as Industry 4.0, involves the integration of data exchange and the Internet of Things (IoT) in smart factories.