# Determinants of Emotion Recognition System Adoption: Empirical Evidence from Malaysia
## 4 Findings
### Structural Measurement Model  
In the second stage of PLS-SEM, the focus is on evaluating the structural measurement model to assess the path model involving the study's variables. Ensuring the absence of \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Construct** & **FC** & **AT** & **SN** & **PBC** & **AW** & **BI** \\ \hline \multicolumn{2}{c}{FC} \\ \hline AT & \multicolumn{2}{c}{0.419} & & & & \\  & \multicolumn{2}{c}{(0.327, 0.50)} & & & & \\ \hline SN & \multicolumn{2}{c}{0.636} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{0.683} & & & \\  & \multicolumn{2}{c}{(0.562, 0.701)} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{(0.605, 0.746)} & & & \\ \hline PBC & \multicolumn{2}{c}{0.527} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{0.793} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{0.779} & & \\  & \multicolumn{2}{c}{(0.437, 0.603)} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{(0.728, 0.838)} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{(0.719, 0.828)} & & \\ \hline AW & \multicolumn{2}{c}{0.633} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{0.361} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{0.543} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{0.473} & \\  & \multicolumn{2}{c}{(0.555, 0.714)} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{(0.252, 0.449)} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{(0.432, 0.634)} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{(0.364, 0.555)} & \\ \hline BI & \multicolumn{2}{c}{0.501} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{0.719} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{0.708} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{0.794} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{0.53} \\  & \multicolumn{2}{c}{(0.414, 0.571)} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{(0.659, 0.778)} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{(0.641, 0.771)} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{(0.717, 0.845)} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{(0.442, 0.611)} \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 10: HTMT criterion. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Construct** & **Item** & **FC** & **AT** & **SN** & **PBC** & **AW** & **BI** \\ \hline \multirow{9}{*}{PBC} & PBC1 & 0.365 & 0.664 & 0.583 & **0.777** & 0.33 & 0.6 \\ \cline{2-8}  & PBC2 & 0.499 & 0.592 & 0.613 & **0.71** & 0.429 & 0.586 \\ \cline{2-8}  & PBC3 & 0.437 & 0.626 & 0.625 & **0.768** & 0.356 & 0.652 \\ \cline{2-8}  & PBC4 & 0.384 & 0.617 & 0.536 & **0.74** & 0.357 & 0.6 \\ \cline{2-8}  & PBC5 & 0.475 & 0.571 & 0.617 & **0.801** & 0.411 & 0.588 \\ \cline{2-8}  & PBC6 & 0.454 & 0.604 & 0.63 & **0.825** & 0.389 & 0.607 \\ \cline{2-8}  & PBC7 & 0.417 & 0.632 & 0.619 & **0.838** & 0.317 & 0.567 \\ \cline{2-8}  & PBC8 & 0.426 & 0.6 & 0.632 & **0.864** & 0.35 & 0.592 \\ \cline{2-8}  & PBC9 & 0.444 & 0.635 & 0.621 & **0.862** & 0.351 & 0.666 \\ \cline{2-8}  & PBC10 & 0.381 & 0.611 & 0.59 & **0.851** & 0.358 & 0.623 \\ \cline{2-8}  & PBC11 & 0.33 & 0.598 & 0.573 & **0.84** & 0.36 & 0.61 \\ \cline{2-8}  & PBC12 & 0.352 & 0.648 & 0.583 & **0.85** & 0.357 & 0.627 \\ \cline{2-8}  & PBC13 & 0.37 & 0.622 & 0.581 & **0.828** & 0.363 & 0.62 \\ \cline{2-8}  & PBC14 & 0.381 & 0.631 & 0.578 & **0.841** & 0.368 & 0.651 \\ \hline \multirow{9}{*}{AW} & AW1 & 0.425 & 0.223 & 0.339 & 0.326 & **0.791** & 0.388 \\ \cline{2-8}  & AW2 & 0.454 & 0.308 & 0.394 & 0.378 & **0.874** & 0.427 \\ \cline{2-8}  & AW3 & 0.54 & 0.312 & 0.415 & 0.374 & **0.897** & 0.459 \\ \cline{2-8}  & AW4 & 0.487 & 0.369 & 0.432 & 0.407 & **0.875** & 0.471 \\ \cline{2-8}  & AW5 & 0.539 & 0.31 & 0.536 & 0.447 & **0.838** & 0.424 \\ \cline{2-8}  & AW6 & 0.545 & 0.202 latent collinearity in the structural model is crucial [100]. While the discriminant validity criteria are met, the presence of latent collinearity can sometimes obscure the findings and lead to incorrect interpretations, especially when two variables with a hypothesized causal relationship measure the same construct [104]. Table 11 provides the results of the lateral collinearity test, presenting the inner variance inflation factor (VIF) values for the independent variables. These VIF values, which need to be examined for lateral multicollinearity, are all either below the threshold of 5 [104] or fall within the range of 5 to 10 [104]. These results indicate that there is no concern regarding lateral multicollinearity in the study. The findings in Table 11 lead to the conclusion that latent collinearity issues are not present in the structural model.