## 2 Materials and Methods
### Analysis at the Component Level  
The heat and moisture transfer was calculated using the WUFI(r) Pro v6.0 simulation tool [26], which is a 1D hygrothermal heat and moisture simulation software program that was developed by Fraunhofer IBP, Holzkirken, Germany [27]. The software allows  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Category** & **Material** & \begin{tabular}{c} **Density \(\rho\)** \\ **[kg/m\({}^{3}\)]** \\ \end{tabular} & \begin{tabular}{c} **Thermal** \\ **Conductivity \(\lambda_{\Omega,dy}\)** \\ **[W/m\({}^{2}\)K]** \\ \end{tabular} & \begin{tabular}{c} **Specific** \\ **Heat \(c\)** \\ **[J/kgK]** \\ \end{tabular} & \begin{tabular}{c} **Porosity** \\ **[m\({}^{3}\)/m\({}^{3}\)]** \\ \end{tabular} & \begin{tabular}{c} **Vapor** \\ **Resistance Factor \(\mu\)** \\ **[J/kg]** \\ \end{tabular} & \begin{tabular}{c} **Latent Heat** \\ **Capacity** \\ **[J/kg]** \\ \end{tabular} \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{\begin{tabular}{c} Insulating \\ plaster \\ \end{tabular} } & \begin{tabular}{c} Aerogel Plaster \\ EPS Master \\ Perlite Player \\ Vegdal-based Plaster \\ CorkP Master \\ PCM Master \\ \end{tabular} & \
\begin{tabular}{c} 220 \\ 278 \\ 165 \\ 400 \\ 508 \\ 940 \\ 940 \\ \end{tabular} &
\begin{tabular}{c} 0.028 \\ 0.085 \\ 0.085 \\ 0.083 \\ 0.083 \\ 0.199 \\ 0.0109 \\ 0.005 \\ 0.016 \\ 0.016 \\ 0.010 \\ 0.02 \\ 0.098 \\ 0.087 \\ 0.071 \\ 0.05 \\ 0.05 \\ 0.044 \\ 0.08 \\ 0.001 \\ 0.044 \\ 0.089 \\ 0.071 \\  
coupled transient heat and moisture transfer phenomena in building components to be simulated by simultaneously solving the heat and moisture transport equations using the Finite Volume Method.  
Wufi Pro simulations calculate heat transport through thermal conduction, enthalpy flows (through moisture movement with the phase change), short-wave solar radiation, and night-time long-wave radiation cooling. The vapor transport mechanisms included in the WUFI software are: vapor diffusion and solution diffusion, while the transport of convective vapor by airflows is again neglected. Moreover, the liquid transport mechanisms considered are: capillary conduction and surface diffusion.  
The simulated wall was selected with a north orientation; it was located on the first floor (building height < 10 m), and thus it was not necessary to take into account rising damp phenomena. The numerical models were set up with increasing accuracy and adaptive convergence through a grid spacing that had been set to \"fine\". The materials and outdoor climate considered for the simulation were set as previously indicated. The indoor climate was evaluated according to EN 15026/WTA 6-2, and the interior relative humidity was set at'medium moisture load' for all the simulations. The calculations were carried out with an hourly time step and over a five-year period (moisture equilibrium was considered to have been reached in the wall for such a time step) and only the results of the last year were used for the analysis. The interior surface heat transfer coefficient was set at 0.13 (m\({}^{2}\)K/W), in conformity with EN ISO 6946:2017. The exterior surface heat transfer coefficient was set as being \"WUFI default wind-dependent\" as detailed in Equation (1).  
\[h_{e}=\alpha_{c}+\alpha_{r}+f_{wind}\cdot v_{wind} \tag{1}\]  
where:  
\(\alpha_{c}\) is the convective heat transfer coefficient for windless conditions (4.5 [W/m\({}^{2}\)K]); \(\alpha_{r}\) is the radiative component of the heat transfer coefficient (6.5 [W/m\({}^{2}\)K]); \(f_{wind}\) is the wind coefficient (1.6 [Ws/m\({}^{3}\)K] for windward conditions and 0.33 [Ws/m\({}^{3}\)K] for leeward condition); \(v_{wind}\) is the wind velocity [m/s].  
For the external surface, no coating was considered, and short-wave radiation absorptivity was set at 0.4 (medium color). Moreover, ground short-wave reflectivity was defined as 0.26, assuming green grass as the surrounding ground. The Adhering Fraction of Rain was set at 0.7, according to the inclination of the component.