# Technology for Green Hydrogen Production: Desk Analysis
## 4 Results and Discussion
### Tasks and Challenges of Hydrogen Economy towards Green Hydrogen
As the hydrogen economy grows, these solutions will play a critical role in ensuring the reliable and safe storage of hydrogen for various applications. In stage III, it is necessary to develop innovative methods for storing hydrogen, especially for transport applications [105; 120; 124]. Progress in technologies for obtaining materials for hydrogen storage is a factor determining the economic success of using hydrogen to power cars. Therefore, R&D research is being conducted on the safe storage of hydrogen in the crystalline structures of metals and their alloys [96; 106; 120; 123; 124; 129; 130; 131]. The most important indicator for the use of hydrogen in fuel cells in stage IV is the level of its purity requiring the 5.0 standard. Even the smallest traces of hydrogen contamination may damage the efficiency and durability of the fuel cell system, especially in hydrogen vehicles. Due to the need to reduce emissions in each economic sector, not only the purity of hydrogen but also the origin of the energy used in the hydrogen production process becomes particularly important. The HE represents a significant shift towards a more sustainable and cleaner energy future. Hydrogen, as an energy carrier, has the potential to revolutionize energy markets by providing a versatile and clean alternative to fossil fuels. Some key insights regarding the HE in terms of energy markets include the following [8; 16; 74; 75; 76]:  
* Diverse Applications: Hydrogen can be used in various sectors, including transportation, power generation, industrial processes, and heating. This versatility makes it a potential game-changer for decarbonizing energy-intensive industries and sectors that are difficult to electrify. * Energy Storage and Grid Balancing: Hydrogen can play a crucial role in energy storage, especially for intermittent renewable energy sources like solar and wind. Excess electricity can be used to produce hydrogen through electrolysis, which can then be stored and used to generate power when demand is high or renewable sources are not available. * Market Growth and Investment: The hydrogen economy is gaining momentum, with significant investments from governments and private sectors worldwide. This includes funding for research and development, infrastructure, and commercial projects. The growth of the hydrogen market is expected to accelerate as technology matures and costs decrease. * Technological Advancements: Advances in hydrogen production, storage, and utilization technologies are critical for the success of the hydrogen economy. Efficiency improvements and cost reductions in electrolysis, fuel cells, and hydrogen storage are key areas of focus. * Green vs. Grey Hydrogen: Currently, most hydrogen is produced from natural gas (grey hydrogen), which emits carbon dioxide. The transition to green hydrogen, produced through the electrolysis of water using renewable energy, is essential for the hydrogen economy to be truly sustainable. The cost competitiveness of green hydrogen is improving, but it still faces challenges in terms of scale and infrastructure. * Infrastructure Development: Building a hydrogen economy requires significant infrastructure development, including production facilities, storage and transportation systems, and refueling stations. This infrastructure must be safe, efficient, and integrated with existing energy systems. * Policy and Regulation: Government policies and regulations play a crucial role in shaping the hydrogen economy. This includes setting standards, providing incentives for investment and adoption, and creating a supportive regulatory environment for the development of hydrogen technologies and infrastructure. * Global Collaboration: The hydrogen economy is a global challenge and opportunity. International collaboration is essential for sharing knowledge, harmonizing standards, and creating a global market for hydrogen and hydrogen-based products. * Economic Impact: The hydrogen economy has the potential to create new industries and jobs while transforming existing ones.