# Monitoring Acute Heart Failure Patients Using Internet-of-Things-Based Smart Monitoring System
## 1 Introduction
The idea behind AloMT is to prevent unnecessary stays in the hospital and avoid the associated health charges [11]. With the growth in the population, traditional methods of medical diagnosis need to fulfill the demand of the growing community. Because of the limited resources considering the increasing population growth, finding solutions for the efficient management of these resources is a high priority. After COVID-19, a remote healthcare system is needed for the real-time diagnosis of various diseases. To improve healthcare facilities, it is the responsibility of academia and industry to make combined efforts to overcome these issues. Some efforts have been made in the recent past to design a smart bed concept and smart point-of-care (PoC) devices, but due to population growth, further efforts are needed. According to the world health organization (WHO), 17.9 million deaths are recorded yearly because of cardiac diseases [12]. Heart disease is a major challenge in the medical field. Heart disease arises due to the narrowing of arteries. Heart failure is the primary cause of death in most underdeveloped countries due to inadequate instant response. Old-aged people are the predominant group of heart patients; however, young patients might also be victims of this disease. In the US, one of every nine deaths are caused by heart disease [13]. Chest pain and fatigue are the primary symptoms of this disease, but it happens even without such symptoms. There is a need to develop a remote health monitoring system for heart patient that continuously monitors the patient's activity. In the case of an emergency,remote health-monitoring systems can require an instant response. IoMT provides a lot of success in medicine, especially in rural areas where providing instant help is challenging. Early disease detection and medication can save a lot of lives. Remote health monitoring also reduces the cost of routine diagnosis due to eliminating the traveling cost and other medical overhead. The IoMT is a multifaceted domain of IoT and medical technique and faces many challenges. Medicine is a sensitive field where the survival of human beings is essential. Therefore, a remote monitoring system in IoMT with AI is needed. The software systems in medical areas must be appropriately and extensively verified to meet medical standards. The IoMT-induced AI system must satisfy the following criteria:  
**Security**: The AI-inspired remote monitoring system of cardiac disease must be secure. It must not be vulnerable to adversarial attacks by other devices. The exact measurements it provides are the main advantage of these systems. **Reliability**: The reliability of medical software systems must be achieved. A non-reliable system cannot be used in any field, particularly when the privacy and confidentiality of patients are concerned. Internal implementation issues or external problems should be ensured regarding accurate measurements. An auto-correction algorithm must be implemented in every system to avoid damage. **Safety**: The remote monitoring software must be economical and not affect the environment. The system must be human-friendly so that there is no negative impact on human lives. The medical operator, user, and designer should be able to interact with the system without harm. In this study, a remote monitoring software system is designed using IoMT and AI approaches. This remote system takes real-time human data and processes those data in the presence of bio-medical experts. AI approaches find hidden patterns and classify cardiac patients. The remote monitoring software system obtains real-time patient data and detects heart disease. The system is helpful in early diagnosis and removes the physical barriers to reaching the hospital. The performance of the proposed system is comparable to existing systems in the literature. This study makes the following contributions:  
Figure 1: IoMT mechanism [14]. * A brief overview of existing literature on IoMT is presented along with the major applications of IoT in medical care.