# Exploring the Impact of Thermal Environment on Student Well-Being in Sustainable Campus Settings
## 3 Results and Discussion
### Analysis in the Summer Season
#### 3.2.2 Influence of Landscape Site Variations on Psychological Factors  
The primary objective of this study was to examine the impact of different site conditions--naturally shaded, artificially shaded, and unshaded--on various psychological factors, including body fatigue, eye fatigue, body heat, skin dryness, thermal discomfort, desire to escape, site unattractiveness, and unproductivity. A rank analysis was conducted to evaluate differences in various psychological factors concerning landscape site, as shown in Figure 9. Across the board, individuals in the unshaded environment consistently reported the highest mean ranks, suggesting they may experience heightened discomfort or negative feelings in relation to the analyzed factors. Particularly for body fatigue, unshaded sites registered the highest mean rank (16.06), followed by eye fatigue (18.72), body heat (17.78), skin dryness (19.22), thermal discomfort (18.72), desire to escape (16.00), site unattractive  
Figure 8: Students’ psychological perceptions with respect to abaya colors during summer season. ness (17.22), and unproductivity (16.33). On the contrary, those in the naturally shaded landscapes frequently reported lower mean ranks, especially concerning eye fatigue (9.33), body heat (10.72), thermal discomfort (10.06), and site unattractiveness (10.83), indicating potentially more favorable psychological conditions. The artificially shaded environment presented mixed results, often placing in the middle rank. In conclusion, the data suggest that naturally shaded landscapes seem to offer more psychological comfort, while unshaded landscapes may lead to increased negative psychological impacts. Consideration of landscape design and its psychological implications becomes crucial, especially in areas frequented by people. Based on the rank analysis provided, the 'Naturally Shaded' landscape site consistently exhibited the most favorable mean ranks for most of the psychological factors analyzed. This suggests that individuals experience fewer negative psychological impacts in naturally shaded environments compared to other landscape sites. Thus, the 'Naturally Shaded' landscape site is considered the most favorable according to this analysis. On the other hand, the 'Unshaded' landscape often registers the highest mean ranks, indicating it might be the least favorable in terms of the psychological factors evaluated. Upon executing the Kruskal-Wallis test to compare the psychological factors across different landscape sites, several notable findings emerge. Among the factors analyzed, significant variations were observed for 'Eye Fatigue' (H(2) = 6.904, \(p\) = 0.032), and 'Skin Dryness' (H(2) = 6.290, \(p\) = 0.043) across the different landscape sites. These p-values suggest that the distributions of these two factors differ depending on the landscape site. However, for the other factors such as body fatigue, body heat, thermal discomfort, desire to escape, site unattractiveness, and unproductivity, the differences across landscape sites were not statistically significant, as indicated by p-values greater than 0.05. It is crucial to further investigate the specific differences in 'Eye Fatigue' and 'Skin Dryness' across the sites to establish concrete conclusions regarding the impact of landscape site on these psychological experiences, whereas thermal discomfort level is marginally significant (H(2) = 5.792, \(p\) = 0.055). As a result of this investigation, it is clear that the landscape site has an impact on some of the students' psychological perceptions during the summer. As a result, hypothesis 2 is partially supported. The pairwise comparison for the psychological factors 'Eye Fatigue' and 'Skin Dryness' across different landscape sites was assessed using the [PERSON] test, following a Kruskal-Wallis test as provided in Table 3. For 'Eye Fatigue', a significant difference was observed between the naturally shaded and unshaded sites (Adj. Sig. = 0.026).