# Protection of Oats against _Puccinia_ and _Drechslera_ Fungi in Various Meteorological Conditions
## 4 Discussion
Observations [19] confirmed the effectiveness of the fungicide protection used in oat cultivation, which, similarly to our own research, varied over the years of the study. The active substance tebuconazole used in the studies, at the same time as in our own research, allowed the cultivation of the Belinda variety to reduce infection with _D. avenue_ by 62%. The use of tebuconazole-based fungicides in the studies also showed significant differences in limiting the infection of leaf blades of the Villa variety with _P. coronata_ compared to objects with which no fungicides were used. The results of our own research are also consistent with the recommendation of [38], who recommend the use of fungicides containing azoxystrobin, picoxystrobin, and triazoles to reduce oat crown rust. Research [20] confirms the usefulness of strobilurin-based fungicides in reducing oat crown rust and leahelminthosporiosis. The cited authors also noted that, in the cultivation of varieties characterized by lower resistance to infection with _P. coronata_ and _D. avenue_, the effect of fungicide use is more visible than in the cultivation of resistant varieties. Our own research did not confirm this relationship. Despite differences in the genotypes of the tested oat varieties in terms of susceptibility to pathogens, no statistically significant differences between the varieties were found in the described research. In our own studies, fungicides were used once, at a date referred to in the literature as late [19; 39]. According to research [19], there is no clear answer to the question regarding the appropriate date of application of fungicides in oat cultivation. It is always necessary to know the resistance of varieties and to take into account the weather conditions prevailing at the protected oat plantation. The relationship between the date of application of fungicides containing tebuconazole and the date of infection of leaf blades with the fungus causing oat helmintosporiosis (_D. avenue_) and oat crown rust (_P. coronata_) was also observed. If the infection occurred at the stage when the panicle was already visible, the use of tebuconazole at the BBCH 59-63 stage achieved better results and higher control efficiency compared to the treatment performed at BBCH 40-44. In the study conducted by [40], the use of fungicides was effective when the level of infection in leaf blades during the macroscopic assessment was over 5%. The use of fungicides in our own research confirmed the above-mentioned observation for _D. avenue_ and _P. coronata_. The study results obtained in the experiment carried out in the years 2012-2016 in Winna Gora made it possible to confirm the hypothesis about the influence of the applied fungicides from the chemical group of triazoles and strobilurins on reducing the infection of oats with fungi occurring during the growing season. The use of fungicides from the chemical group of triazoles and strobilurins in our own experiments allowed a higher yield to be obtained than that from the control treatments. However, these differences, regardless of the active ingredient used, were statistically insignificant. The lowest yield was obtained in 2016 with the maximum value for the yield obtained in the 2012 experiment being 9.25 t \(\times\) ha\({}^{-1}\). This was confirmed by the analysis of the density distribution of yield values per hectare for 2016 (1.76-5.82 t \(\times\) ha\({}^{-1}\)). The highest average yield value in the years 2012-2016 was obtained for combinations in which picoxystrobin was used (average 6.09 t \(\times\) ha\({}^{-1}\)). The difference in the amount of yield in the combinations in which fungicides from the chemical group of triazoles and strobilurin were used was, on average, 3.4% over the years (a yield increase of 0.20 t \(\times\) ha\({}^{-1}\)). In studies [20], the use of fungicides from the chemical group of strobilurins allowed 5% to 11% higher yields to be obtained. In combinations in which a high level of leaf infection with _P.