## 1 Introduction  
Cloud computing has been named by proponents of innovation as the fifth necessary utility, after water, electricity, oil or gas, and telephone [1, 2]. With its increasing popularity, technology experts are predicting that by 2025, most institutions and companies will shift to cloud computing technology, eliminating their dependence on desktop resources [3, 4]. Accordingly, this has attracted a large number of researchers to extensively investigate on cloud computing adoption [5, 6, 7, 8, 9]. However, most of these studies were carried out in developed and developing countries [10, 11, 12] as compared to only a few involving the least developed countries, especially in the context of Hinger Education Institutions (HEIs) [13]. In contrast to developed countries, the HEIs in the least developed countries usually confronted a number of socio-economic and political barriers that hindered the investments in costly projects such as those involving information systems (IS) [2]. In the cloud computing literature, little attention has been given to understand the adoption and essential benefit of the cloud computing paradigm. Besides that, there is also lack of contextualization of the key components that is crucial for the cloud computing implementation which become the gap of this study, Furthermore, there is an absence of in-depth exploratory studies in tracing cloud computing adoption, which is contradicted to the rapidity of cloud computing changes towards providing easy access to resources and convenient data management. In light of this, [2] pointed out that there is a limited number of research that looked into the cloud computing adoption in educational establishments, particularly on the influence of the related contextual factors. However, for those who did examine the determinants of cloud computing, the emphasis was only on the high-tech countries [14]. In 2015, the United Nation Development Program has categorized Yemen as a lower-income economic country, known as least developed county (LDC), based on its low infrastructure and economic status [15]. Moreover, the LDCs represent countries with poor social and political conditions as well as weak economic growth [16]. Currently, there are 49 countries recognized as LDCs [15]. Another characteristic that signified LDCs is those countries with the lowest technology indicators in the world. Even though, it is evidenced that financial problems have forced HEIs to adopt cloud computing to reduce costs; there is no empirical study thus far that Yemeni HEIs has examined their level of cloud computing adoption. Cloud computing adoption could be useful for LDCs since they have insufficient funds to equip themselves with their own IT infrastructure and services [17]. Some peculiarities are found among these LDCs, including Yemen that requires its citizen to subscribe to ICT. Challenges to the wide acceptance of technology adoption not only impede the knowledge, infrastructure, government cooperation and support, but also the readiness to accept new technological revolution as well as to break numerous cultural inhibitions [18; 19]. While investigating, researchers should take into account the various contexts of cloud computing adoption, including in education [14]. Accordingly, [2] added that the cultural dimension plays an essential role in cloud computing adoption across various types of sectors since the success or failure of any technology adoption depends mainly on the cultural conditions of the adopters [20]. In many cases, culture has been viewed as the main obstacle to cloud computing adoption [21] especially when there are cultural discrepancies between nations that can influence on the uptake of innovations [22]. One of the potential barriers to the use of IT and cloud computing adoption in Yemen is its strong tribal society, with different attitudes even from other nations in the Arab sphere. To a large extent, Yemenis are aligned according to their respective social standing by system of tribal sentiments and families.