# Life Cycle Approach to Shopping Mall Redevelopment: A Model for Service Life Design
## 1 Introduction
### Theoretical Background and Research Motivation  
The analysis of shopping mall revitalization in this paper is based on the principles of Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) and Service Life Planning (SLP). The LCA approach, according to ISO 14044 [11] and EN 15978:2011 [12] standards, enables the assessment of a building's environmental impact throughout its entire life cycle--including construction, use, adaptation, and demolition phases. In parallel, the SLP methodology (ISO 15686 [13]) introduces factor-based methods for monitoring condition and time-dependent modeling (including the Markov model) to support long-term planning of building performance and reliability.  
A recent review [14] highlights the growing number of studies on building life cycles, while noting a lack of research focused on commercial buildings such as shopping malls, especially in post-industrial and transitional urban areas. This gap reinforces the need for the development of specific models like the one proposed in this study. By applying LOHAS (Lifestyle of Health and Sustainability) principles, the revitalization concept gains an additional socio-environmental dimension [15]. Concurrently, modern evaluation frameworks emphasize the need to systematize critical success factors during early planning phases [16].  
Over the past decade, increasing attention has been paid to integrating LCA and adaptive reuse approaches in architecture and construction [17; 18]. One recent example is a method that combines LCA, Building Information Modeling (BIM), and the Active House protocol to support the simultaneous assessment of environmental impact and user comfort during early design stages [19]. Moreover, ref. [20] stresses the importance of using LCA in evaluating commercial facilities, particularly to quantify the contribution of each life cycle phase to the overall ecological footprint, with operational phases identified as the dominant source of emissions. These findings further support the need for tools that integrate long-term performance with functional and spatial adaptability. Additionally, a review of over two decades of research confirms the increasing complexity of linking LCA approaches with energy efficiency in the fields of architecture and construction [18]. This underscores the necessity for integrated tools that connect building performance over time with functional, spatial, and design flexibility.  
However, the specific application of these methodologies to shopping malls--as complex commercial systems characterized by pronounced market cycles, high energy demands, and variable functionality--remains limited. This research addresses this theoretical and practical gap by proposing a framework that links physical condition indicators with the potential for structural and functional adaptation, while accounting for sustainability, esthetics, economic efficiency, and design flexibility.  
Unlike existing studies that separately address Service Life Planning or life cycle environmental performance, this paper proposes a hybrid LCA-SLP matrix that integrates condition assessment, sustainability indicators, and functional adaptability from an architectural perspective. This approach is particularly tailored to \"greyfield\" shopping malls in transitional urban environments, where reliable forecasting of performance and renovation needs is critical.