# Detecting Underground Geospatial Features for Protection of Rights in 3D Space: Korean Cases
## 4 Discussion
### Building Data on the Rights Relation between Ground and Underground Space  
To register an underground space, information on the rights status (attribute information) as well as the spatial status (topographic information) of the ground and underground spaces need to be generated. In this study, we reviewed a certified copy of the register, building ledger, and comprehensive real estate certificate, which are the representative public ledgers that prove the rights relation to land and buildings in Korea, to obtain information on the current status of rights. According to subparagraph 1 of Article 2 of the \"Registration of Real Estate Act\", the term register means a public ledger that records the rights relation and the status of real estate as the object of the right and is classified into land registers and building registers (Article 14 (1) of the Registration of Real Estate Act), indicating the history of each land/building. In accordance with Article 14 (1) of the \"Registration of Real Estate Act\", a registration record for a sectioned building shall consist of the title section for the building, and the title section, section A, and section B shall be indicated in a section under each  
Figure 7: Generating horizontal location status information with above-ground parcels. (**a**) Boundary between the underground shopping center and administrative district. (**b**) Boundary between the underground shopping center and above-ground parcel (administrative area). The blue diagonal line on the left is Seecho-dong, and the orange diagonal line on the right is Yeoksam-dong. (**c**) Boundary between individual stores and above-ground parcels. exclusive ownership. The registrar shall record the parcel number, land category, building number, building statement, grounds for registration, and holder of a right. According to Article 38 of the \"Building Act\", the building register records and manages matters related to the characteristics of the building, such as the location, area, structure, use, and number of floors, and the owner's status such as the name, address, and ownership interest of the building owner. Condoninium buildings are those that are subject to the \"Act on Ownership and Management of Condoninium Buildings\", and the current status of buildings and lands is recorded in the condominium building register in accordance with subparagraph 2 of Article 4 of the \"Regulations on the Registration and Management of Building Ledgers\". The comprehensive real estate certificate defined in Article 76-4 of the \"Act on the Establishment, Management, etc., of Spatial Data\" shall record the boundaries and owner of the land and building, land use and regulation, real estate prices, and other matters necessary for the efficient use, management, and operation of real estate in accordance with Article 76-3 of the same Act. The service began in 2014 and initially provided 15 types of information, excluding registered information; however, three types of registered information have also been integrated since 2015, providing 18 types of information as of 2020. In this study, a list of building status information such as location, name, main use, area, and contract information such as owners, tenants,lease contract required for the registration of the underground shopping center and individual stores was derived by referring to  
Figure 8: Generating vertical location status information with above-ground parcels. (**a**) Located under different above-ground parcels. (**b**) Highest and lowest points for each parcel. three existing public ledgers. This was classified into administrative information, operation information, spatial information, and rights information according to the characteristics. In the case of an underground shopping center, the local government holds the ownership of the entire shopping center, and it is extremely unlikely that there will be any changes. Therefore, information on the owner was included in the administrative information and no separate rights information item was added (Figure 9).