# Communication Infrastructure Design for Reliable UAV Operations in Air Mobility Corridors  
[PERSON]  
1 Engineering Faculty, Transport and Telecommunication Institute, Lauvas 2, LV-1019 Riga, Latvia 1  
[PERSON]  
2 LLP \"Universal Tech Decisions\", Kabanbay Batyr Avenue 53/42, Astana 205F0P9, Kazakhstan 2  
[PERSON]  
2 LLP \"Universal Tech Decisions\", Kabanbay Batyr Avenue 53/42, Astana 205F0P9, Kazakhstan 2  
[PERSON]  
2 LLP \"Universal Tech Decisions\", Kabanbay Batyr Avenue 53/42, Astana 205F0P9, Kazakhstan 2  
[PERSON]  
2 LLP \"Universal Tech Decisions\", Kabanbay Batyr Avenue 53/42, Astana 205F0P9, Kazakhstan 2  
[PERSON]  
2 LLP \"Universal Tech Decisions\", Kabanbay Batyr Avenue 53/42, Astana 205F0P9, Kazakhstan 2  
Footnote 2: email: [EMAIL_ADDRESS]. The rapid evolution of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) has broadened the scope of aerial technologies far beyond traditional applications. UAVs now include a new generation of electric vertical takeoff and landing (eVTOL) aircraft designed not only for cargo delivery and surveillance but also for transporting people in densely populated urban areas. These advancements are driving the emergence of urban air mobility (UAM) systems--an integrated aerial transport layer envisioned to coexist with existing ground transport systems. As these systems mature, their successful operation increasingly hinges on the reliability of underlying infrastructure, particularly robust and fault-tolerant communication networks. A key differentiator of modern UAM systems is the stringent safety requirements inherited from general aviation. Catastrophic failure probabilities must meet extremely low thresholds--on the order of \(10^{-9}\) failures per flight hour for critical systems such as propulsion or flight control modules [2]. These requirements are essential for public trust, regulatory compliance, and insurance frameworks. Although many UAV deployments--especially in logistics--operate in environments with relatively resilient ground infrastructure, the assumption of \"near-zero failure\" in communication systems is not universally valid. This is particularly true when UAVs operate in constrained airspaces, during emergency deployments, or in extreme weather or military scenarios. Furthermore, in UAM settings where aircraft navigate autonomously or semi-autonomously through complex urban environments, reliable and redundant communication with ground-based systems is critical not just for operational efficiency, but for the prevention of catastrophic failures. As highlighted in recent work by [PERSON] et al. [3], communication reliability is one of the primary enablers and safety barriers for drone-based last-mile delivery systems, which are foundational elements of future UAM networks. Against this background, the growing scale of UAM applications adds urgency to the analysis. Market projections anticipate a dramatic surge in demand for passenger UAV services. For example, the ASSURE A36 report [4] forecasts that, by 2045, U.S. domestic UAM operations will exceed 85 million flights annually, with cumulative flights reaching over 500 million between 2024 and 2045. The widespread deployment of these services will intensify the demand for scalable, fault-tolerant communication architectures to manage air traffic, support onboard autonomy, and maintain safety in increasingly congested urban skies. In this context, the relevance of evaluating failure-tolerant deployment strategies--even under idealized or high-failure scenarios--is not only methodological but also anticipatory. As the operational and regulatory requirements evolve, analytical tools that allow flexible reliability assessments will play a vital role in UAM planning and infrastructure investment decisions. A recent study by [PERSON] and [PERSON] [5] demonstrates the good applicability of Markov chains to UAM systems in quantifying the reliability of fault-tolerant aviation architectures.