_applied sciences_  
_Article_  
**Innovative Energy Sustainable Solutions for Urban Infrastructure: Implementing Micro-Pumped Hydro Storage in Singapore's Multi-Level Carparks**  
**[PERSON] 1,*\({}^{\text{\textcircled{\textcircled{\textcircled{\textcircled{\textcircled{\textcircled{\textcircled{\text{\textcircled{\text{\text{\text{\text{\text{\text{\text{\text{\text{\text{\text{\text{}}}}}} {\text{\text{\text{\  
space limitations and high costs associated with traditional renewable energy installations. As the global community increasingly emphasizes renewable energy and sustainability, Singapore's commitment to achieving net-zero waste and emissions becomes particularly crucial. The nation has been actively focusing on green energy solutions to mitigate its environmental impact while ensuring energy security [1; 2]. However, the limited space within Singapore's urban landscape restricts the deployment of large-scale renewable energy systems, such as wind turbines and hydroelectric pumps, primarily due to geographic constraints [3; 4]. In the broader context of renewable energy, solar energy has emerged as a key component of Singapore's sustainable energy strategy. However, while solar panels offer a viable solution for harnessing clean energy, the reliance on battery storage presents a sustainability challenge. The environmental impact associated with the manufacturing and disposal of batteries, including resource extraction and waste management, raises concerns about their long-term viability [3]. To address these challenges, an innovative solution involves the use of micro-hydroelectric turbine systems that harness rainwater runoff from multi-level carparks (MLCPs) to generate clean, renewable energy [1]. This concept aligns with global sustainability goals, which emphasize the importance of reducing reliance on non-renewable resources and minimizing environmental footprints. By capturing and converting the kinetic energy of rainwater runoff into electricity, Singapore can contribute to a more sustainable energy infrastructure, consistent with international efforts to combat climate change. Moreover, the development of these micro-hydroelectric systems into micro-pumped hydroelectric energy storage (PHES) systems presents a promising avenue for enhancing energy sustainability. In urban environments like Singapore, high-rise buildings generate significant amounts of rainwater runoff, typically managed by drainage systems. By redirecting this runoff into energy production, the potential to achieve net-zero waste increases significantly [2]. Effective implementation of this idea requires the use of large, elevated areas to collect rainwater, converting its potential energy into kinetic energy for electricity generation [4; 5]. While Singapore lacks natural mountainous terrain, which is often ideal for collecting rainwater, the abundance of MLCPs offers an alternative. These elevated structures provide extensive surfaces suitable for rainwater collection and energy generation, reinforcing Singapore's position as a leader in urban sustainability initiatives. By integrating such innovative solutions [6; 7] into its energy mix, Singapore not only addresses its unique geographic challenges but also contributes to the global transition towards renewable energy and sustainable development. In exploring sustainable energy solutions in densely populated urban environments, similar projects offer valuable insights into innovative approaches. For instance, the \"Viability Analysis of Tidal Turbine Installation Using Fuzzy Logic\" [8; 9] examines the potential of installing tidal turbines in coastal areas, utilizing fuzzy logic to account for the complexities and uncertainties in environmental conditions and technological performance. This approach highlights how advanced analytical methods can optimize the deployment of renewable energy systems in challenging settings, analogous to how Singapore might use its limited space effectively by integrating energy solutions into existing structures.