# Functional Foods' Consumption in Children and Parents: A Literature Review
## 1 Introduction
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**Organization** & **Definition** \\ \hline \multirow{6}{*}{Japanese Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare} & “FOSHU [food for specified health uses] refers to foods containing ingredients with functions for health and officially approved to claim its physiological effects on the human body. FOSHU is intended to be consumed for the maintenance/promotion of health or special health uses by people who wish to control health conditions, including blood pressure or blood cholesterol.” \\ \hline \multirow{6}{*}{European Commission} & “A food that beneficially affects one or more target functions in the body, beyond adequate nutritional effects, in a way that is relevant to either an improved state of health and wellbeing and/or reduction of risk of disease. It is part of a normal food pattern. It is not a pill, a capsule or any form of dietary supplement.” \\ \hline \multirow{6}{*}{European Food Safety Authority (EFSA)} & “A food, which beneficially affects one or more target functions in the body, beyond adequate nutritional effects, in a way that is relevant to either an improved state of health and wellbeing and/or reduction in risk of disease. A functional food can be a natural food or a food to which a component has been added or removed by technological or biotechnological means, and it must demonstrate their effects in amounts that can normally be expected to be consumed in the diet.” \\ \hline \multirow{6}{*}{Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics} & “Foods defined as whole foods along with fortified, enriched, or enhanced foods that have a potentially beneficial effect on health when consumed as part of a varied diet on a regular basis at effective levels.” \\ \cline{1-1}  & “The word ‘functional foods’, which is recently being used as a marketing idiom for the group, does not have a legal meaning.” \\ \cline{1-1}  & “Foods defined as whole foods along with fortified, enriched, or enhanced foods that have a potentially beneficial effect on health when consumed as part of a varied diet on a regular basis at effective levels.” \\ \cline{1-1}  & “Foods defined as whole foods along with fortified, enriched, or enhanced foods that have a potentially beneficial effect on health when consumed as part of a varied diet on a regular basis at effective levels.” \\ \cline{1-1}  & “Foods defined as whole foods along with fortified, enriched, or enhanced foods that have a potentially beneficial effect on health when consumed as part of a varied diet on a regular basis at effective levels.” \\ \cline{1-1}  & “Foods defined as whole foods along with fortified, enriched, or enhanced foods that have a potentially beneficial effect on health when consumed as part of a varied diet on a regular basis at effective levels.” \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
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Table 1: Working definitions of the term functional foods [11; 12]. Figure 1: A graphical summary of the our findings that shows by year the factors that influenced the consumption of functional foods. Several studies have shown that there are gender differences, and these differences appear to be attributable to dietary choices made by women as they are more involved in weight control and place more value on healthy eating than men do [1; 3; 13; 14; 15]. Among other factors, they tend to be more receptive to new foods and more concerned about food safety than men. Most studies have revealed that women (60%) have more knowledge about FFs than men and, therefore, a greater intention to use them. Research by [PERSON] and colleagues concluded that women are the main consumers of FFs in both Europe and the USA [3]. In most families, women still have primary responsibility for feeding children [16]. Parental beliefs, practices, perspectives, attitudes, knowledge and comprehension of the nutritional value and health benefits of food are all significant factors that shape their children's early eating experiences and serve as agents in promoting their health, behavior and education.