## 4 Discussion  
The goal of this study was to examine if a multicomponent exercise program could improve body composition in community-dwelling aged women. Research results confirmed that multicomponent exercise programs have a positive effect on body composition in community-dwelling aged women, since significant improvements were observed in body composition indicators after the 6-month exercise intervention. However, the relative improvement in body fat and muscle mass were lost after the exercise program's conclusion. Indeed, significant improvements were observed in all body composition indicators with large effect sizes ranging between T1 and T2. Concretely, the 6-month multicomponent exercise program improved body mass index, fat mass, muscle mass, percentage \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{l c c c c c c} \hline \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**Variable**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Baseline (T1)**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**After Intervention (T2)**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Follow-Up (T3)**} \\ \cline{2-7}  & **M** & **SD** & **M** & **SD** & **M** & **SD** \\ \hline Weight (kg) & 1.58 & 0.06 & 1.57 & 0.07 & 1.56 & 0.07 \\ Height (m) & 66.90 & 8.24 & 66.53 & 8.32 & 64.69 & 15.17 \\ Body Mass Index (kg/m\({}^{2}\)) & 26.85 & 3.38 & 26.71 & 3.41 & 25.71 & 6.06 \\ Fat Mass (\%) & 34.53 & 6.27 & 34.22 & 6.22 & 34.49 & 7.53 \\ Muscle Mass (kg) & 42.44 & 4.51 & 44.42 & 4.95 & 40.66 & 3.37 \\ Water (\%) & 47.53 & 5.04 & 47.68 & 5.03 & 46.45 & 2.93 \\ Bone Density (g/cm\({}^{2}\)) & 2.19 & 0.19 & 2.21 & 0.17 & 2.14 & 0.23 \\ Metabolic Equivalent of Task (MET) & 1302 & 107 & 1326 & 108 & 1286 & 104 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}  
* _Notes:_ M—mean; SD—standard deviation.  
\end{table} 
Table 1: Mean, standard deviation, and mean comparisons across measurements. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{l c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Variables** & **F** & **df1** & **df2** & **\(p\)** & **\(\eta^{2}\)P** & **Pairwise** \\ \hline Weight (kg) & & & & & & **Comparisons** \\ Time & 10.93 & 1 & 36 & \textless{}0.001 & 0.378 & T1 \(\
eq\) T2; T2 \(\
eq\) T3 \\ Body Mass Index (kg/m\({}^{2}\)) & & & & & & \\ Time & 9.50 & 1 & 36 & \textless{}0.001 & 0.345 & T1 \(\
eq\) T2; T2 \(\
eq\) T3 \\ Fat Mass (\%) & & & & & & \\ Time & 9.193 & 1 & 36 & \textless{}0.001 & 0.338 & T1 \(\
eq\) T2; T2 \(\
eq\) T3 \\ Muscle Mass (kg) & & & & & & \\ Time & 10.75 & 1 & 36 & \textless{}0.001 & 0.374 & T1 \(\
eq\) T2 \(\
eq\) T3 \\ Water (\%) & & & & & & \\ Time & 6.61 & 1 & 36 & \textless{}0.05 & 0.269 & T1 \(\
eq\) T2; T2 \(\
eq\) T3 \\ Bone Density (g/cm\({}^{2}\)) & & & & & & \\ Time & 4.06 & 1 & 36 & \textless{}0.05 & 0.184 & T1 \(\
eq\) T2; T2 \(\
eq\) T3 \\ Metabolic Equivalent of Task (MET) & & & & & & \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}  
* _Notes:_ F—F test results; df1—degrees of freedom; df2—degrees of freedom; \(p\)—significance; \(\eta^{2}\)P—partial eta-square; ns—no differences detected.  
\end{table} 
Table 2: Mean comparison between measures. of water, bone density, and task metabolic equivalent for the community-dwelling aged women. These results are in line with previous studies that reported a positive effect of the multicomponent exercise in body composition outcomes [17; 22]. [PERSON] et al. [22] demonstrated that a 23-week low-cost multicomponent exercise program had a positive effect on body mass index. However, [PERSON] et al. [17] have not reported any significant differences in body mass index during a multicomponent training program in elderly women. In addition, [PERSON] et al. [16] stated no differences in body mass index between pre- and post-multicomponent training program with six months of intervention. Both studies used only the body mass index, so the lack of differences may be due to the sensitivity of the method to measure other important components in body composition such as fat mass, muscle mass, percentage of water, or bone density. The BMI is a commonly used measure for assessing body composition, but it has limitations, especially when it comes to differentiating between fat mass and lean mass.