# 6G Mobile Networks: Key Technologies, Directions, and Advances
## 3 6G Market Overview and Current Status
### Research Groups Working on 6G  
There are several companies and universities that are researching the upcoming next-gen 6G network, so as to provide sustainable future development. Some of them can be classified as below:  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c c} \hline \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**Generations**} & \multirow{2}{*}{ \begin{tabular}{c} **Access** \\ **Techniques** \\ \end{tabular}  } & \multirow{2}{*}{ \begin{tabular}{c} **Switching** \\ **Techniques** \\ \end{tabular}  } & \multirow{2}{*}{ \begin{tabular}{c} **Error** \\ **Correction** \\ **Mechanism** \\ \end{tabular}  } & \multirow{2}{*}{ \begin{tabular}{c} **Data Rate** \\ **Mechanism** \\ \end{tabular}  } & \multirow{2}{*}{ \begin{tabular}{c} **Frequency Band** \\ **Bandwidth** \\ \end{tabular}  } & \multirow{2}{*}{\ \begin{tabular}{c} **Bandwidth** \\ **Application** \\ \end{tabular}  } & \multirow{2}{*}{ \begin{tabular}{c} **Application** \\ **Description** \\ \end{tabular}  } \\ \hline
4G & OFDMA & \begin{tabular}{c} Packet \\ switching \\ \end{tabular}  & Turb Codes & \begin{tabular}{c} 100 Mbps to \\ 200 Mbps to \\ \end{tabular}  & \begin{tabular}{c} 23 GHz, \\ 25 GHz and \\ 3.5 GHz initially \\ \end{tabular}  & 15 MHz & \ \begin{tabular}{c} Voice, Data, \\ Video Calling, \\ HD Television, \\ and Online \\ \end{tabular}  & \begin{tabular}{c} Allow us to use unified \\ network topologies \\ and IP protocols to \\ communicate voice \\ and data via fast \\ broadband internet. \\ \end{tabular}  \\ \hline
5G & NOMA & \begin{tabular}{c} Packet \\ Switching \\ \end{tabular}  & LDPC & \begin{tabular}{c} 10 Gbps to \\ 50 Gbps to \\ \end{tabular}  & \begin{tabular}{c} 1.8 GHz, 2.6 GHz \\ 50 Gbps and 30-300 GHz \\ \end{tabular}  & 5-100 MHz & \ \begin{tabular}{c} Voice, Data, \\ Video Calling, \\ Ultra HIO Video, \\ Virtual Reality \\ \end{tabular}  & \begin{tabular}{c} Allow us to use unified \\ network topologies \\ and IP protocols to \\ communicate voice \\ and data via fast \\ broadband internet. \\ \end{tabular}  \\ \hline
6G & \begin{tabular}{c} 100 \\ \end{tabular}  & \begin{tabular}{c} Packet \\ 100 GHz to \\ \end{tabular}  & \begin{tabular}{c} 90 GHz-140 GHz, \\ 100 GHz, \\ 140 GHz to \\ \end{tabular}  & \begin{tabular}{c} End-users will be \\ able smoothly and \\ rapidly access a \\ variety of high-end{tabular} \\  & \begin{tabular}{c} 100 GHz to \\ \end{tabular}  & \ \begin{tabular}{c} Video Calling, \\ Video Calling, \\ API, optical \\ wireless \\ \end{tabular}  &
\begin{tabular}{c} End-users, on the \\ other hand, will \\ require devices with \\ powerful batteries in \\ order to access \\ high-end{tabular} \\ \hline
* NTT Docomo: NTT Docomo released a journal paper in January 2020, following the distribution of its first white paper discussed above in September 2019. An intriguing viewpoint presented in this study for new remote transmission advancements that could be used in 6G proposes that faster-than-Nyquist (FTN) flagging, which folds up and sends signals non-symmetrically using an evaluation rate faster than that of the recurrence data transfer capacity in the space-time, would be used in place of OFDM approaches. Additionally, it recommends employing virtual massive MIMO technology to fulfil the specifications for receiving wire gains [24]. * Rohde and Schwarz: Rohde and Schwarz create, deliver, and market a large number of electronic capital products for industry, foundation administrators, and government clients. All the free gathering is among the innovation and market pioneers in its business fields, including remote correspondences and RF test and estimation, broadcast and media, airport regulation and military radiocommunications, online protection, and organization technology. Around March 2020, Rohde and Schwarz distributed a study. The ideas and details mentioned in the article are very comparable with NTT Docomo's article [25]. * The Finnish 6G Flagship: 6G Flagship is the world's most memorable 6G exploration program. We are a piece of the Finnish government's public exploration lead program from 2018 to 2026.