# Single-Leg Squat Performance and Reported Pain within Youth Softball Players
## 3 Results  
Mean and standard deviation of each variable at each even and phase can be found in Table 1. Correlations between reported pain and kinematics at each event and phase can be found in Tables 2 and 3, respectively. A significant correlation between the bilateral differences of knee valgus and pain were observed at maximal knee flexion (\(r_{pb}\) = 0.392, \(p\) = 0.010). Maximal knee flexion was the only kinematic variable that did not display a significant or near significant correlation with pain.  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c} \hline \hline
**Kinematic Variable** & **Left SLS** & **Right SLS** & **Bilateral Asymmetry** \\ \hline
**Maximal Knee Flexion** & \(77.2\pm 14.9^{\circ}\) & \(79.8\pm 13.5^{\circ}\) & \(10.2\pm 8.0^{\circ}\) \\
**Knee Valgus/Varus** & & & \\
45\({}^{\circ}\) Descent & \(-1.4\pm 6.6^{\circ}\) & \(0\pm 6.3^{\circ}\) & \(6.9\pm 6.0^{\circ}\) \\ Maximal Knee Flexion & \(-7.9\pm 9.6^{\circ}\) & \(5.4\pm 9.1^{\circ}\) & \(16.4\pm 10.4^{\circ}\) \\
45\({}^{\circ}\) Ascent & \(-1.7\pm 7.2^{\circ}\) & \(0.1\pm 6.7^{\circ}\) & \(7.4\pm 6.1^{\circ}\) \\ Descent Phase & \(7.1\pm 4.9^{\circ}\) & \(6.4\pm 3.8^{\circ}\) & - \\ Ascent Phase & \(6.6\pm 4.4^{\circ}\) & \(6.2\pm 4.4^{\circ}\) & - \\
**Sacrum Displacement** & & & \\
45\({}^{\circ}\) Descent & \(5.2\pm 2.6\) cm & \(4.5\pm 2.0\) cm & \(12.4\pm 5.7\) cm \\ Maximal Knee Flexion & \(17.6\pm 4.9\) cm & \(17.9\pm 5.5\) cm & \(12.2\pm 5.6\) cm \\
45\({}^{\circ}\) Ascent & \(5.3\pm 2.9\) cm & \(4.4\pm 2.4\) cm & \(2.1\pm 2.0\) cm \\ Descent Phase & \(12.4\pm 5.7\) cm & \(13.4\pm 5.7\) cm & - \\ Ascent Phase & \(12.2\pm 5.6\) cm & \(13.5\pm 5.9\) cm & - \\
**Anterior/Posterior Pelvic Tilt** & & & \\
45\({}^{\circ}\) Descent & \(6.6\pm 9.0^{\circ}\) & \(7.6\pm 8.2^{\circ}\) & \(4.5\pm 3.0^{\circ}\) \\ Maximal Knee Flexion & \(19.6\pm 10.5^{\circ}\) & \(20.2\pm 10.5^{\circ}\) & \(4.6\pm 3.5^{\circ}\) \\
45\({}^{\circ}\) Ascent & \(14.8\pm 8.8^{\circ}\) & \(14.9\pm 8.2^{\circ}\) & \(4.1\pm 2.9^{\circ}\) \\ Descent Phase & \(13.0\pm 7.9^{\circ}\) & \(12.5\pm 8.2^{\circ}\) & - \\ Ascent Phase & \(4.8\pm 4.9^{\circ}\) & \(5.3\pm 5.6^{\circ}\) & - \\
**Lateral Pelvic Tilt** & & & \\
45\({}^{\circ}\) Descent & \(-2.5\pm 6.0^{\circ}\) & \(2.5\pm 5.1^{\circ}\) & \(7.3\pm 4.6^{\circ}\) \\ Maximal Knee Flexion & \(4.3\pm 8.1^{\circ}\) & \(-4.5\pm 8.7^{\circ}\) & \(11.7\pm 8.3^{\circ}\) \\
45\({}^{\circ}\) Ascent & \(1.5\pm 7.1^{\circ}\) & \(-0.4\pm 6.9^{\circ}\) & \(6.5\pm 5.7^{\circ}\) \\ Descent Phase & \(6.9\pm 4.9^{\circ}\) & \(7.0\pm 5.4^{\circ}\) & - \\ Ascent Phase & \(2.9\pm 3.8^{\circ}\) & \(4.1\pm 4.3^{\circ}\) & - \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}
Table 1: Means and Standard Deviations of Single-leg squat Kinematics at Each Event and across Each Phase.  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c} \hline \hline
**Kinematic Variable** & \multicolumn{3}{c}{**Pain**} \\  & **Left SLS** & **Right SLS** & **Bilateral Asymmetry** \\ \hline
**Maximal Knee Flexion** & \(0.030\) (0.849) & \(-0.030\) (0.850) & \(-0.112\) (0.480) \\
**Knee Valgus/Varus** & & & \\
45\({}^{\circ}\) Descent & \(0.253\) (0.106) & \(0.246\) (0.116) & \(0.180\) (0.255) \\ Maximal Knee Flexion & \(0.276\) (0.077) 1  & \(0.195\) (0.215) & \(0.392\) (0.010) 1  \\
45\({}^{\circ}\) Ascent & \(0.301\) (0.053) 1  & \(0.115\) (0.468) & \(0.281\) (0.071) 1  \\
45\({}^{\circ}\) Descent & \(0.096\) (0.544) & \(0.279\) (0.074) 1  & \(-0.128\) (0.420) \\ Maximal Knee Flexion & \(0.200\) (0.205) & \(0.263\) (0.093) 1  & \(-0.101\) (0.526) \\
45\({}^{\circ}\) Ascent & \(0.148\) (0.350) & \(0.255\) (0.103) & \(0.177\) (0.263) \\
**Anterior/Posterior Pelvic Tilt** & & & \\
**Sacrum Displacement** & & & \\
**A** & & & \\