# An Overview of Fog Computing and Edge Computing Security and Privacy Issues
## 1 Introduction  
Nowadays, cloud computing has become an effective solution to allow an on demand platform for processing and sorting a huge amount of data [1]. The implementation of cloud computing has spread across different areas including but not limited to education, finance manufacturing and healthcare [2, 3]. As more systems start to rely on cloud computing, the need for new technologies that leverage the benefits of cloud computing but considered a lightweight solution without all the complexity of the cloud is needed to fit with the properties of lightweight systems such as IoT systems. Although devices in IoT systems can preform some indispensable tasks such as controlling, actuating and sensing these devices cannot accomplish complex and sophisticated tasks such as controlling large smart transportation systems and smart medical treatments. on the other hand. Many IoT applications are time critical applications which may require immediate decision to give the best possible performance an example of such applications are vehicular network and assisted healthcare application. As these applications cannot handle network latency, sending the data for processing to cloud resources may cause delay in decision making in such time critical application. Furthermore, Cloud computing is too complex for these devices to handle and it does not support some of the fundamental properties of IoT systems such as location awareness and bandwidth shortage. Two new technologies that can provide the benefits of cloud computing and yet addresses the special characteristics of IoT systems are Fog computing and Edge computing [4]. Although these new technologies open doors to enhancement and growth of IoT systems it introduced several security and privacy issues that may affect deployment and usage of IoT systems. In this paper, we survey and list some of the main security and privacy concerns of the two technologies explaining how each attack may effect them as well as provide somecountermeasures that could help mitigate or prevent these security concerns in order to achieve higher level of security and stable performance for the system. Although many attacks that affect fog and edge computing are inherited from cloud computing, many of the current solutions for cloud computing will not be effective or may not work properly as in normal cloud environment due to the unique properties of fog and edge computing. So we will highlight the uniqueness of these attacks in the realm of fog and edge computing in this paper as well. Some authors in the literature have discussed the security concerns for edge computing as well as for fog computing. To our knowledge no other survey discuss the two technologies showing different attacks that could be related to both environment as well as which attacks may have higher impact on one specific environment. In [5], the authors did systematic analysis of some of the attacks that could affect fog computing showing the percentile of each attack happening in the environment. In [6] the author list some security concerns toward specific applications for fog computing. As for edge computing In [7], the authors discussed the security concerns in IoT applications that rely on edge computing. In [8], the authors survey security and privacy issues for edge computing and they classified the attacks based on the layer that the attack aims to effect. More surveys are listed regard edge and fog security in section four and five of this paper. In order to have a better understanding of this topic and understand the differences between cloud computing, edge computing and Fog computing we will first provide an overview of cloud computing in general. Explaining different deployment methods for cloud computing followed by an overview of Fog computing and Edge computing showing how they differ from each other and traditional cloud.