# Antioxidant, Antibacterial, and Cosmeceutical Potential of Four Common Edible Mushrooms
## 4 Conclusions  
The mushroom cultivation process contributes to food loss and waste generation. Therefore, it is important to value these residues and encourage their reuse, since due to their rich composition in bioactive compounds, they have the potential for application in several fields. In this study, we evaluated the antioxidant, antibacterial, and cosmceeutical potential of four common edible mushrooms (_A. bisporus_, _B. edulis_, _L. edodes_, and _P. ostreatus_), and the extract showing the best properties was chosen to be incorporated into a cosmetic cream. The extracts of _A. bisporus_ and _B. edulis_ stood out from the other two mushroom species in all the parameters assessed. Considering its excellent antioxidant activity and anti-aging effect, the extract of _A. bisporus_ was incorporated into a cosmetic cream, which was compared to the same cream but without the extract of _A. bisporus_. The cream with _A. bisporus_ extract showed a greater total phenol content and increased antioxidant activity compared to the cream without the extract, emphasizing the high value of the reuse of mushrooms as source of natural antioxidants in the cosmetic industry. Conceptualization, G.M., L.M.-C., M.J.S. and T.M. ; methodology, A.A., G.M., L.M.-C., M.J.S. and T.M. ; formal analysis: A.A., L.M.-C. and T.M. ; investigation, G.M., L.M.-C. and T.M. ; resources, A.A., G.M. and M.J.S. ; data curation, L.M.-C. and T.M. ; writing--original draft preparation, L.M.-C. and T.M. ; writing--review and editing: A.A., G.M., L.M.-C., M.J.S. and T.M. ; funding acquisition: G.M. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c c c c c} \hline \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**Parameters**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**Initial**} & \multicolumn{6}{c}{**30 Days**} & \multicolumn{3}{c}{**Heating and**} \\ \cline{3-10}  & & & \multicolumn{3}{c}{**4 \({}^{\circ}\)C**} & \multicolumn{3}{c}{**25 \({}^{\circ}\)C**} & \multicolumn{3}{c}{**40 \({}^{\circ}\)C**} & \multicolumn{3}{c}{**Cooling Cycles**} \\ \cline{2-10}  & **FD** & **AB** & **FD** & **AB** & **FD** & **AB** & **FD** & **AB** & **FD** & **AB** \\ \hline Color & White & Beige & White & Beige & White & Beige & White & Beige & White & Beige \\ Homogeneity & Good & Good & Good & Good & Good & Good & Good & Good & Good & Good \\ Feel on skin & Smooth & Smooth & Smooth & Smooth & Smooth & Smooth & Smooth & Smooth & Smooth \\ Phase separation & No & No & No & No & No & No & No & No & No \\ pH & 4.51 & 4.52 & 4.55 & 4.57 & 4.51 & 4.64 & 4.60 & 4.71 & 4.71 & 4.75 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 6: Results of the stability tests of the creams without (FD) and with 0.2% _A. bisporus_ extract (AB) under different conditions: 4 \({}^{\circ}\)C, 25 \({}^{\circ}\)C, and 40 \({}^{\circ}\)C for 30 days and four heating and cooling cycles. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c} \hline \hline
**Creams** & **Total Phenols (mg GA/g Cream)** & **DPPH (\#M Trolox/g Cream)** \\ \hline FD & 2.49 \(\pm\) 0.11 & 5.99 \(\pm\) 1.73 \\ AB & 3.51 \(\pm\) 0.13 ** & 16.27 \(\pm\) 2.36 ** \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular} The differences between the two creams (FD and AB) were verified using the Mann–Whitney U test, **_p_ < 0.01. All the assays were carried out in triplicate, and the results were expressed as mean \(\pm\) standard deviation (_n_ = 3). DPPH, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl; GA, gallic acid.  
\end{table} 
Table 7: Total phenols and antioxidant activity (measured with DPPH) of the creams without (FD) and with 0.2% _A. bisporus_ extract (AB). **Funding:** This work was funded by the Fungi4 Health project (no. NORTE-01-0247-FEDER-070171), financed by the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) through NORTE 2020 (North Regional Operational Program 2014/2020). **Institutional Review Board Statement:** Not applicable. **Data Availability Statement:** Dataset will be provided upon reasonable request.