## 1 Introduction
Compared with conventional deformation monitoring methods, UAV photogrammetric techniques offer increased flexibility and cost effectiveness, allowing for the acquisition of \"face-like\" surface settlement information with more intuitive and comprehensive data results [13,14, 15]. The accuracy of surface deformation monitoring through UAVs can reach the decimeter level, making it suitable for monitoring large-gradient deformations at the center of mine subsidence basins. However, it may not fully meet the monitoring requirements for deformations at the edges of mine subsidence basins. [PERSON] et al. [16] utilized UAVs to collect the topographic information of an open-pit mine to create a digital surface model (DSM). [PERSON] et al. [17] employed UAV photogrammetry to analyze the topographic features of the mining area, rapidly calculate earthwork volumes, and establish a three-dimensional model of the mining area using point cloud data. [PERSON] et al. [18] applied UAV low-altitude remote sensing on open-pit mines and found that this method effectively estimates mine storage while also offering advantages in monitoring slope stability within the mining area. [PERSON] et al. [19] utilized the differential DEM method to analyze changes in the topography and geomorphology of the mining area, allowing for monitoring and analysis of the environmental impact of open-pit mining activities. [PERSON] et al. [20] utilized unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) photogrammetry to observe surface subsidence in the mining region of Yangquan, China. [PERSON] et al. [21] employed Differential Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (D-InSAR) and UAV photogrammetry to evaluate the subsidence of coal pan 81,403 in the Yangquan coal mine. The fusion points were meticulously selected for the two datasets, and the agreement of the fused data with the leveled data was validated. [PERSON] et al. [22] introduced an approach to monitor the dynamic surface subsidence basin caused by underground coal mining using UAV photogrammetry, aiming to promptly acquire the mining subsidence parameters. [PERSON] et al. [23] applied the probability integration method to process deformation data collected from UAV, D-InSAR, and SBAS-InSAR techniques, with the goal of deriving a comprehensive deformation field. [PERSON] et al. [24] offer a comprehensive review of the numerous applications of unmanned aerial systems in various water resource subfields, highlighting the benefits of these systems, including their high spatial and temporal resolution, convenience, and cost effectiveness. [PERSON] et al. [25] employed the Sentinel-1 C-band SAR dataset acquired between 2016 and 2021 to assess basin-wide deformation within the Permian Basin. They achieved millimeter-precise time-series deformation measurements through the utilization of the persistent scattering interferometry (PSI) technique. [PERSON] et al. [26] conducted a persistent scatterer interferometric analysis on 60 Sentinel-1 C-band images. They adjusted the outcomes for atmospheric errors using General Atmospheric Correction Online Service (GACOS) atmospheric modeling data and then broke down the results into vertical displacement values to quantify the subsidence. Hazard patterns within the coalfield were examined on a zonal basis. In recent years, [PERSON] et al. [27] have conducted extensive reviews of numerous papers, with a particular emphasis on exploring the synergies between UAVs and satellite remote sensing. Currently, there is limited research on the combination of InSAR technology and UAV for monitoring mining subsidence. This field of research remains in its nascent stage and faces several limitations. The duration of surface subsidence monitored by InSAR and UAV is limited, and the entire monitoring process, from the initial ground movement to the maximum subsidence in the basin, has not been fully implemented.