## 5 Experiment Results and Discussion
### Quantitative Data Analysis
#### 5.2.1 Completion Time Task  
Descriptive statistics were calculated for the time required to complete each transformation task (Translation, Scaling and Rotation) with two interaction mechanisms (Touch Gestures and Indirect Controls). Calculated measures, i.e., the mean (M), median (C), standard deviation (Sd), minimum (min) and maximum (max) value, first and third quartiles (Q1 and Q3) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for each transformation task and interaction mechanism are shown in Table 8. The time per task for all participants is also shown graphically using a box and whisker plot in Figure 9 with the following values marked for each task: the maximum, minimum, interquartile range (IQR), mean (M), median (C), and outliers for each task. The data represent the time required by all participants to complete the tasks with the respective interaction mechanisms, as summarized in Table 8.  
The Scaling (TG) and Rotation (TG) tasks stand out, as they have average and median values higher than the remaining tasks. Both tasks include touch gestures. However, in scaling with touch gestures task, the user first needs to select the object before performing the required interaction with it, so it is possible that some participants did not immediately notice this. In rotation with touch gestures, two modes of interactions for rotation are possible (swipe and rotate with two fingers). In this task, the user should rotate the object  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c} \hline \hline  & **Translation (TG)** & **Translation (IC)** & **Scaling (TG)** & **Scaling (IC)** & **Rotation (TG)** & **Rotation (IC)** \\ \hline
**M** & 9.78 & 10.86 & 14.04 & 7.69 & 16.20 & 5.94 \\ \hline
**C** & 4.83 & 5.85 & 11.26 & 5.50 & 10.82 & 4.10 \\ \hline
**Sd** & 11.96 & 14.13 & 13.41 & 9.17 & 15.12 & 8.11 \\ \hline
**min** & 0.73 & 1.30 & 2.56 & 1.07 & 0.73 & 1.60 \\ \hline
**max** & 68.07 & 82.4 & 87.83 & 61.44 & 86.13 & 80.53 \\ \hline
**Q1** & 2.77 & 3.28 & 5.72 & 3.16 & 6.15 & 2.7 \\ \hline
**Q3** & 11.55 & 12.4 & 16.77 & 8.01 & 23.11 & 6.53 \\ \hline
**CI = 95\%** & 7.52; 12.03 & 8.19; 13.52 & 11.51; 16.57 & 5.96; 9.42 & 13.35; 19.05 & 4.41; 7.47 \\ \hline \end{tabular} Note: M—mean, C—median, Sd—standard deviation, min—minimum, max—maximum, Q1—first quartile, Q3—third quartile, CI = 95%—95% confidence interval  
\end{table}
Table 8: Descriptive statistics for the time required to complete each transformation task (Translation, Scaling, and Rotation) with two interaction mechanisms (Touch Gestures and Indirect Controls). Time is reported in seconds. TG = Touch Gestures, IC = Indirect Controls.  
Figure 9: Box and whisker plot illustrating the distribution of completion times (in seconds) for each transformation task (Translation, Scaling, and Rotation) with two interaction mechanisms (Touch Gestures and Indirect Controls).  
for a full circle, which is indicated by a circle that fills as the user rotates. More time to solve this task may therefore also result from the fact that the indicator prompted the user to make a swipe gesture in a circle, which is not recognized as the correct interaction mechanism. The Rotation (IC) and Scaling (IC) tasks have the lowest average and median values indicating that participants completed these tasks faster than the remaining tasks. The diagrams for all tasks show a positively asymmetric distribution of data.  
According to the calculated descriptive statistics and from a look at the previous graph, it can be concluded that the values of completion time for tasks with touch gestures for scaling and rotating the object are higher than their related task, i.e., scaling and rotating the object with indirect controls. This result shows that the choice of interaction mechanism for scaling and rotation tasks impacts task performance time. Therefore, scaling and rotation tasks in AR can be considered easier for most of the participants when they are performed with indirect controls than with touch gestures.