## 3 Results  
Figures 5 and 6 provide the arm-trunk and thigh-trunk continuous relative phase (CRP) in the sagittal plane for three different groups of Paralympic Swimmers at four phases during the start. The spm1d graphs in these figures demonstrate the variations in CRP among the three classes of subjects. The plot displays the mean and standard deviation of CRP for three classes (S9, S10, S12) of swimmers in this study. Meanwhile, graph b shows the results of a spm1d (ANOVA) of these three groups. The shaded area indicates a significant difference between the groups. The following three plots c, d, and e in the figures present the Bonferroni post hoc test plots based on ANOVA. Figure 4: The workflow for data analysis. Figure 5: (**a**) CRP curves of arm-trunk. (**b**) The results of the spm1d (one-way ANOVA). (**c**) Post hoc test plots between S9 and S10. (**d**) Post hoc test plots between S9 and S12. (**e**) Post hoc test plots between S10 and S12. The CRP curves in Figure 5 indicate the coordination pattern between the arm and trunk of swimmers throughout the start period for three different classes of swimmers. The CRP curve for S9 swimmers exhibits values close to zero, meaning the arm and trunk rotating synchronously for the first two-fifth of the time domain, with negative slope and values observed between 36% to 63% of the time, which reflects the trunk beginning to take the lead in the movement. Eventually, the value of CRP was still negative from 63% to 100% of the time, but with a positive slope, which indicates that there was a trend towards an in-phase mode of coordination between the arm and trunk. The CRP curve for S10 swimmers gradually changes from negative to positive values (becoming positive at 18% of the time) with a positive slope in the first 37%. This means that the trunk leads the arm until 18% of the time, after which the arm starts to lead the trunk. The CRP value begins to become negative at 44% of the time, and the slope from 36% to 58% of the time domain is negative, which implies that the trunk rotates faster at 36% of the time and leads the arm at 44% of the time. In the last two-fifths of the time, the CRP curve has a negative value with a positive slope. This period signifies the two segments gradually change from anti-phase mode to in-phase mode of coordination. The CRP curve for S12 has positive values for the first 23% of the time, a positive slope for the first 57% of the time, and negative values for the 23-57% of the time. This shows that S12 swimmers shifted from arm lead to trunk lead in the first 57% of the time. The slope of the last 40% of the time domain is similar to the trend of the S9 and S10 swimmers with positive slope and negative value. It is worth noting that the variation of S12 swimmers is larger than the other two classes. The spm1d (Figure 5b) demonstrates significant differences between the groups at first 6% (\(p\) = 0.012) and 34-42% (\(p\) = 0.006) of the entire start time. The differences were found mainly in S10 and S12 by post hoc test plots (Figure 5e). The CRP curves display a consistent positive slope for the initial 40% of the time among all three classes of swimmers. This gradual increase in thigh speed was reflected in  
Figure 6: (**a**) CRP curves of thigh-trunk. (**b**) The results of the spm1d (one-way ANOVA). (**c**) Post hoc test plots between S9 and S10. (**d**) Post hoc test plots between S9 and S12. (**e**) Post hoc test plots between S10 and S12. the gradual change in values from negative to positive. For S9 and S12 swimmers, the CRP remains close to 0 in the 40-60% interval, indicating an in-phase rotation of the thighs and trunk. On the other hand, the CRP curve for S10 swimmers peaked at 41% and displays a negative slope in this stage afterward, combining the phase angle of an S10 athlete in Figure 4. This suggests that the phase angle of the thighs is decreasing during this period while the phase angle of the trunk is increasing. It signifies that the trunk and thighs move towards the in-phase coordination mode.