## 3 Results and Discussion  
In this section, we consider a 5 m \(\times\) 5 m \(\times\) 3 m indoor integrated mobile VLCP system model, depicted in Figure 1. The transmitter consists of four LEDs, while the mobile receiver moves at a constant velocity. As illustrated in Figure 4, we investigate several test routes for the mobile receiver: Route 1 from (1, 2.5, 0.85) to (4, 2.5, 0.85), Route 2 from (1, 3.5, 0.85) to (4, 3.5, 0.85), Route 3 from (1, 2.5, 0.85) to (2, 2.5, 0.85), and Route 4 from (1, 3.5, 0.85) to (2, 3.5, 0.85). Throughout these routes, we calculate the average BERs and positioning errors of the receiver. We explore both MISO and MIMO scenarios to analyze the system performance. Figure 3: Block diagram of the integrated mobile VLCP scheme for MIMO configuration. In the MISO scenario, 4-QAM symbols are modulated into DCO-OFDM signals, which are then loaded onto four LEDs in the form of the LED selection matrix. All active LEDs transmit identical DCO-OFDM signals simultaneously, propagating through multipath channels. The mobile receiver, equipped with a single PD, utilizes DFCE to detect and recover the VLC signal. The CSI derived from the multipath channels is then employed for VLP. In the MIMO scenario, we consider a 4 \(\times\) 2 MIMO system model, with a mobile receiver equipped with two PDs positioned 30 cm apart, maintaining a fixed pointing direction. 4-QAM symbols are generated, encoded with STBC, and then modulated into DCO-OFDM signals. These signals are transmitted through the mobile MIMO channel. At the receiver, the VLC signal is detected and recovered using DFCE with the dual-PD setup. Simultaneously, the CSI obtained from the VLC signal is utilized for VLP. The OFDM symbol duration is standardized to 10 \(\upmu\)s, with 512 subcarrier channels and a 20% cyclic prefix. For the MISO scenario, we assume that each OFDM packet consists of 2500 VLCP data blocks, with 35 blocks serving as training data. For the MIMO scenario, each OFDM packet also consists of 2500 VLCP data blocks, but with 20 blocks serving as training data. Consequently, the total duration of an OFDM packet is 0.1 s, and each OFDM packet conveys 10,000 OFDM symbols for MISO and 7500 OFDM symbols for MIMO. We then compare the communication and positioning performance of two schemes. The first scheme utilizes only OFDM training symbols at the start of each packet to estimate the CSI during terminal movement, without employing DFCE. In contrast, the second scheme integrates DFCE along with training symbols for enhanced CSI estimation. Except for Figure 12, equal weight coefficients are considered for DFCE. Additionally, the time interval for mobile VLP is set to 10 ms. For proof-of-concept, we only focus on line-of-sight (LOS) channels. When non-LOS channel conditions occur, the positioning accuracy can potentially be improved with machine learning [33], but this is beyond the scope of this paper. Other key parameters are provided in Table 1. The distribution of LEDs can affect the performance of the VLCP system. For the MISO scenario, if LEDs are positioned closely together and centrally in the ceiling, the multipath effect of the VLC channel becomes less obvious, making it difficult for the receiver to distinguish multipath components and accurately estimate the CSI for VLCP. For the MIMO scenario, closely placed LEDs in the center of the ceiling lead to a high correlation between channels, which can negatively affect the demodulation performance for VLCP. To ensure both effective communication and accurate positioning, while also maintaining uniform light distribution, we keep a certain distance between LEDs. Thus, we distribute the LEDs at the corners of the ceiling, with their coordinates listed in Table 1.  
Figure 4: Bird’s eye view of different test routes in the receiving plane.