## 2 Results and Discussion
### Catalytic Conversion Kinetics of MoS\({}_{2}\)-NG for Polysulfides  
The chemical adsorption of polysulfides is a crucial prerequisite for materials to effectively catalyze their conversion. To evaluate the adsorption capacity of MoS\({}_{2}\), MoS\({}_{2}\)-G, and MoS\({}_{2}\)-NG for polysulfides, we conducted an experiment using Li\({}_{2}\)S\({}_{6}\) as a model compound. Equal volumes and concentrations of Li\({}_{2}\)S\({}_{6}\) solution were added to equal masses of MoS\({}_{2}\), MoS\({}_{2}\)-G, and MoS\({}_{2}\)-NG, followed by shaking for adsorption. Figure 4a presents digital photographs of the Li\({}_{2}\)S\({}_{6}\) solutions after 12 h of rest. The initial Li\({}_{2}\)S\({}_{6}\) solution was yellow, and after adsorption with the different materials, the solution color lightened to varying degrees, indicating that all three materials have some capacity for chemical adsorption of polysulfides. Notably, the solution with MoS\({}_{2}\)-NG became almost colorless, suggesting that Li\({}_{2}\)S\({}_{6}\) was completely adsorbed, while the solutions with MoS\({}_{2}\) and MoS\({}_{2}\)-G remained slightly yellow. This visual comparison indicates that MoS\({}_{2}\)-NG has the strongest adsorption capacity for polysulfides, followed by MoS\({}_{2}\)-G and MoS\({}_{2}\). To further characterize the concentration of Li\({}_{2}\)S\({}_{6}\) in the supernatant, we measured the UV-vis absorption spectra. The characteristic absorption peak of Li\({}_{2}\)S\({}_{6}\) is observed between 250 and 350 nm. According to the Lambert-Beer law, the concentration of the solution is proportional to its absorbance. Comparing the absorbance values of the three solutions, we found that the concentration of Li\({}_{2}\)S\({}_{6}\) after adsorption was lowest for MoS\({}_{2}\)-NG, followed by MoS\({}_{2}\)-G and MoS\({}_{2}\). This confirms that MoS\({}_{2}\)-NG has superior chemical adsorption capacity for polysulfides, surpassing both MoS\({}_{2}\)-G and MoS\({}_{2}\). The enhanced adsorption capacity of MoS\({}_{2}\)-NG can be attributed to the PANI modification, which increases the adsorption sites on GO for polysulfides and ensures a more uniform distribution of MoS\({}_{2}\) on its surface without aggregation. The expanded interlayer spacing of MoS\({}_{2}\) also exposes more in-plane active sites, further strengthening its adsorption capacity for polysulfides. We also conducted electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) tests on cells assembled with different separators under open-circuit voltage, as shown in Figure 4b. In the  
Figure 4: (**a**) UV-vis spectra of blank Li\({}_{2}\)S\({}_{6}\) solution and digital photo of Li\({}_{2}\)S\({}_{6}\) solution adsorbed by MoS\({}_{2}\), MoS\({}_{2}\)-G, and MoS\({}_{2}\)-NG, respectively. Nyquist plots (**b**) and symmetric cell CV curves (**c**) of the cell assembled with MoS\({}_{2}\)/PP, MoS\({}_{2}\)-G/PP, and MoS\({}_{2}\)-NG/PP separators. Potentiostatic discharge curves of Li\({}_{2}\)S\({}_{8}\) on the surface of MoS\({}_{2}\)/PP (**d**), MoS\({}_{2}\)-G/PP (**e**), and MoS\({}_{2}\)-NG/PP (**f**) separators at 2.05 V.  
Nyquist plot, the diameter of the semicircle corresponds to the charge transfer resistance. Due to the poor conductivity of pure MoS\({}_{2}\), the introduction of GO improves the overall conductivity of the material and provides pathways for lithium-ion transport, which plays a crucial role in optimizing redox kinetics. Among the samples, the MoS\({}_{2}\)-NG/PP separator exhibited the smallest semicircle, indicating the most significant catalytic effect on polysulfides. This finding is further supported by the results from the symmetric cell tests.