## 4 Discussion
This is reflected in the literature data, according to which the fluoride content in tea infusions ranges for black leaf tea from 0.32 to 6.81 mg/L, black tea in bags from 0.6 to 6.01 mg/L, black granulated tea from 1.06 to 6.87 mg/L, leafy green from 0.06 to 5.31 mg/L, white from 0.37 to 5.39 mg/L, and pu-erh from 0.39 to 2.87 mg/L [23; 29; 31; 38; 39; 47; 48; 49; 50; 51; 52]. The noncarcinogenic risk of exposure to fluoride from tea infusions was assessed using the target hazard quotient (THQ), the values of which were calculated for different population groups and are presented in Table 3. This parameter was determined for each tea sample separately, giving a total of 459 possible cases. In 38.4% of all analyzed cases, this parameter exceeded the value of 1, indicating the likelihood of adverse health effects. When analyzing individual types of tea, it should be noted that in the case of pu-erh tea, the THQ parameter was lower than 1 in all studied cases. In the case of white tea, this parameter was greater than 1 in 1.5% of cases, and in the case of green tea, in 12.8%. In the case of these teas, the THQ parameter was greater than 1, especially in the group of children aged 3 to 9 years. [PERSON] and [PERSON] [53] researched the fluorine content in Polish drinks intended for feeding infants and small children (below 3 years of age). Forty-three brands of juices and juice-flavored drinks and twenty-three instant teas were evaluated. The results of the conducted studies indicate that consuming juices and juice drinks should not increase the risk of dental fluorosis in children because the fluoride values in all products are low. However, some tea drinks intended for children's nutrition can significantly increase children's exposure to fluoride. Black tea, in terms of the frequency of exceeding the THQ value above 1, can be ranked as follows: black leaf tea 41.2%, in bags 84.7%, and granulated 94.1%. Based on the presented results, it can be concluded that the consumption of fluoride from black tea infusions is characterized by a much higher health risk compared to other groups of teas. Exceptionally high risk is associated with consuming black tea infusions, granulated, and in bags. Very often, in the literature on determining the health risk associated with fluoride consumption from tea infusions, higher consumption of infusions of 1 L is assumed. If such intake is thought for age groups over 12 years, the THQ parameter is greater than 1 in 46.8% of cases, and individual types of tea can be ordered as follows: pu-erh 0%, white 1.5%, green 23.5%, black leafy 55.9%, black in bags 96.5%, and black granulated 100% (Table S1--Supplementary Material). This, of course, indicates that a higher daily intake increases the risk associated with the intake of fluoride from tea infusion. Particular attention should be paid to children's consumption of black tea infusions. For example, a 3-year-old child consuming 0.438 L of black tea containing an average of 5.14 mg/L of fluoride (average of all types of black tea tested in this study) will consume 0.19 mgF/kg/day. This is approximately three to four times the optimal fluoride intake (0.5 to 0.7 mgF/kg/day) that should provide maximum protection against caries with minimal dental fluorosis [54].