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**Production, Types, and Applications of Activated Carbon Derived from Waste Tyres: An Overview**  
**[PERSON] 1,2,*\({}^{\text{\textregistered}}\)**, [PERSON] 3,*, [PERSON] 4, [PERSON] 1\({}^{\text{\textregistered}}\) and [PERSON] 3  
As far as waste tyres are concerned, their disposal is a challenging task and a major environmental issue throughout the world because it is non-biodegradable. It is reported that around 50% of scrap tyres are discarded without any treatment process. The discarded tyres create environmental and health issues such as soil pollution due to leakage of chemicals, release methane gas into the air causing air pollution, provide a breeding ground for mosquitoes, and moreover take up a lot of space by piling up in landfills and junkyards. Landfilling and burning are the two traditional solid waste treatment methods that are employed to dispose of waste tyres [11]. These methods of solid waste treatment comprise the traditional linear economy model of \"extract-manufacture-consume-dispose\", which was globally adopted and resulted in urban solid waste of about 1.3 million tons per year in 2010 and which is expected to increase up to 2.2 million tons per year by 2025. Thus, these traditional methods of waste tyre disposal are becoming unsustainable because the availability of disposal sites for landfilling is decreasing rapidly, and the burning of the waste tyres in the open-air causes significant air pollution. In order to make waste disposal more sustainable, the circular economy (CE) model is being implemented worldwide, wherein the word 'disposal' is replaced with'restore'. Initially, the CE model became popular in waste management plans around the world, which used the 3R model of waste management, namely \"Reduce\", followed by \"Reuse\" and then \"Recycle\". To further broaden this model, the 3 Rs are upgraded to 7 Rs i.e., Redesign, Renew, Reduce, Reuse, Repair, Recover and Recycle the resources so that they could generate value frequently, leading to rational and effective use [12]. The CE model of waste disposal is also being pursued and implemented in the tyre industry, especially with the recognition of the mismanagement of end-of-life tyres and its profound negative ecological implications [13]. Studying and comparing waste tyre management from several perspectives (scientific, industrial, and commercial) while innovating in search of the right combination of design, materials, and cutting-edge engineering are required when applying the CE model and the 7 Rs to the management of waste tyres. Moreover, the value of a waste commodity such as end-of-life tyres is directly linked to the physical composition of the material and the degree to which the constituent parts can be recovered, reused, and recycled. Tyres are composite products, made up of a mix of rubber (natural and synthetic), steel, fabric, carbon black and bonding agents, most of which can be recovered and recycled into useful commodities. In order to achieve a circular economy and enhance the sustainability of the tyre industry, it is necessary to recycle tyres and reuse the by-products. Tyre recycling would address the huge accumulation and disposal of waste tyres, as well as cost savings arising from the use of recovered materials, and the reduced detrimental effects on the environment. Traditional methods may be effectively replaced by new recycling processes, such as thermochemical conversion technologies, which have a long history of applications in other fields (such as biomass) [14]. This process enables the recovery of materials, specifically carbon, that may be utilized to produce carbon black, one of the raw materials used in the manufacture of tyres. Recycling comprises techniques such as retreading, pyrolysis, incineration, milling, pulverizing, reclaiming, etc.