### Related Works  
In recent years, due to its advantageous unique characteristics, adopting SM in cooperative communications has received considerable attention from researchers [32]. To provide improved system performance, cooperative SM is applied in different areas such as cooperative relaying [33; 34; 35; 36], spectrum sharing [37; 38; 39], wireless security [40; 41], energy harvesting [42; 43] and so on. In [32], a cooperative scheme is proposed based on SM (termed CoSM) to mitigate the inter-cell interference experienced by the cell edge user. A multi-cell cellular network is considered where cells are sectored by rearranged fractional frequency reuse. Additionally, a three-tier cellular architecture is presented since extra amount of feedback is required to exploit CoSM to enhance the quality of service for cell edge mobile stations. In [33; 34], SM-based half-duplex CRS are proposed, where a dedicated relay equipped with single antenna forwards source information to destination exploiting amplify-and-forward (AF) strategy. At the destination, maximum likelihood detector is used to estimate antenna and symbol information. The performance of [33] is studied over independent Rayleigh fading channel, whereas spatially correlated Rayleigh Channel is considered in [34]. In [35], a joint bit-to-symbol mapping scheme is proposed in a cooperative SM system for both AF and decode-and-forward (DF) relaying techniques to elevate the performance of the system by using the cosine similarity among the single-antenna relay nodes and channel state information (CSI) of each transmit antenna. A dedicated relay-aided cooperative SM system is proposed in [36] for two common relaying protocols AF and DF, considering multiple antennas at all nodes. In [37], a cooperative spectrum sharing protocol based on overlay paradigm is proposed for cognitive radio networks (CRNs), where primary transmitter (PT) is equipped with single-antenna. A secondary transmitter (ST) exploiting SM assists the PT to communicate with the primary receiver (PR) in exchange of an opportunity of spectrum sharing. A cooperative spectrum sharing protocol for a CRN is proposed in [38] considering multiple antennas at all nodes. SM is adopted by both PT and ST, where ST acts as a DF relay to forward primary information and its own information simultaneously. In [39], a cooperative spectrum sharing protocol employing orthogonal SM is presented, where both PT and ST transmit simultaneously on the same frequency channel. Considering the eavesdropping vulnerability of wireless communication, the information-theoretic secrecy performance of an SM-based cooperative AF relaying system adopting destination-based-jamming is investigated in [40]. In [41], the physical layer spoofing attack is studied for a dual-hop cooperative communication network that exploits SM. Considering the whole CSI is known to the spoofer, the investigation points out that the spoofing attack can extensively damage SM-based cooperative communication. A cooperative full-duplex DF relaying radio frequency energy harvesting protocol using time-switching architecture is proposed in [42]. A dual antenna relay exploiting SM harvests energy from the received source signal, where source is equipped with single antenna. In [43], a wireless-powered communication strategy is presented where SM is used to elevate system achievable rate. A wireless device adopts SM to simultaneously communicates with an information receiver and harvests radio frequency energy from a wireless energy transmitter. SM allows self-energy recycling at wireless device through partial energy harvesting from the energy that is used for information transmission. However, none of these works considered D2D communications in the proposed network scenarios [33; 34; 35; 36; 37; 38; 39; 40; 41; 42; 43]. D2D communication in cooperative communication scenarios are studied extensively in the literature without exploiting SM [44; 45; 46; 47; 48].