# Research on Control Technology of Large-Section Water-Bearing Broken Surrounding Rock Roadway
## 1 Introduction  
As global mineral resource exploitation increasingly extends into deeper underground spaces, large-section deep roadway engineering faces significant challenges posed by complex geomechanical environments characterized by high ground stress, elevated seepage pressure, and fractured surrounding rock masses. In particular, within water-bearing fractured strata, physicochemical interactions between water and rock can lead to argillization and deterioration, strength softening, and the destabilization of seepage in surrounding rocks. Traditional rigid support systems often struggle to adapt to these dynamic damage evolution processes, frequently resulting in substantial structural deformation, localized cavity collapse, and even global instability, which severely limits safe deep resource extraction. As one of the most active agents in the geological environment, the interaction between water and rock profoundly influences the physical and mechanical properties, as well as the engineering stability, of rock masses. Water directly weakens the shear and compressivestrength of rocks by increasing pore pressure (thereby reducing effective stress) and lubricating mineral particles (which diminishes cohesion) [1; 2; 3]. Consequently, when addressing roadways with complex geological conditions, such as those involving water-bearing, fractured surrounding rock, traditional passive support methods--such as bolting, shotcrete support, and steel arch support--often encounter technical challenges. These challenges include uneven stress distribution in the support structure, insufficient activation of the surrounding rock's self-bearing capacity, and difficulties in ensuring long-term stability. In recent years, advancements in the New Austrian Tunneling Method (NATM) and the use of high-strength support materials have led to the innovative concept of a cooperative bearing mechanism between surrounding rock and support systems, as well as a yield pressure-controllable support system. This development offers a new research direction for managing fractured surrounding rock. [PERSON] et al. carried out the nonlinear seepage experiment of fractured rock mass and then established the criterion of water inrush risk based on nonlinear critical pressure gradient and obtained a quantitative method of water inrush risk by coupling the internal structure parameters of fractured rock mass and the flow state parameters of groundwater [4]. Based on the Drucker-Prager yield criterion, [PERSON] et al. applied the theory of elastoplastic mechanics to explore the influence of different intermediate principal stresses on the surrounding rock of circular roadway under seepage. It was found that the critical water pressure calculation result of the Drucker-Prager yield criterion, considering intermediate principal stress, can better reflect the multi-axial mechanical properties of rock [5]. Aiming to address the challenge that existing rock brittleness indices--which are based on stress-strain curves--face in accurately characterizing the brittleness attenuation behavior of hydrous granite, [PERSON] et al. propose a new index, Bd. By integrating the characteristic parameters of the entire stress-strain curve, specifically peak strain, post-peak stress drop rate, and strain growth rate, this new index comprehensively characterizes both pre-peak and post-peak brittleness characteristics, providing distinct advantages over other brittleness indices [6]. [PERSON] et al. investigated the damage and deterioration behavior of argillaceous siltstone at varying water contents through triaxial compression tests. By employing the Weibull distribution alongside the test results, they developed a statistical damage-constitutive model to analyze the effects of water on rock under high-stress conditions [7]. [PERSON] conducted uniaxial tensile tests on granite and tuff under both dry and saturated conditions.