## 5 Industry 4.0 Solutions
To address this variability, it would be ideal to monitor in real time the actual progress of the products on the assembly line, taking immediate action in the case of variations in order to minimize the time in which the system remains out of its nominal conditions. Conveniently, Industry 4.0 technologies allow companies to do exactly that. In the case of addressing the variability of the models sequence, the technologies that were chosen from the classification of [33] were: (1) Sensors, (7) Simulation of processes, (10) Machine-to-machine communication, (13) Traceability of raw materials, (14) Traceability of final products, (22) Remote monitoring of production, and (23) Remote operation of production. The combination of these seven technologies empowers the following solutions:  
1. Introduce sensors within assembly lines (such as RFID and RFID readers or barcode and barcode readers or, in general, sensors that can guarantee the traceability of materials along the assembly line) to monitor the real sequences of models and parts at assembly stations. 2. Compare in real time the model sequences with the planned sequences. 3. Compare in real time the parts sequences with the planned sequences. 4. Send real-time information to the parts feeder at the warehouse highlighting if real-time models and parts sequences in the assembly line are different from planned ones. 5. Act accordingly (for example, correct immediately any discrepancies between the planned and real-time sequences, both at the warehouse and the assembly station level)  
By implementing this five-point solution plan, it is possible to restore the system to its nominal state, reducing the negative impact on the output parameters \(T\), \(W\), and \(B\). Similar considerations are then provided in Table 4 for the other remaining input variables _PECTV_, _FP_, and _ALCTV_. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Input Variations.** & **Output** & **Negative Impact Level** &
\begin{tabular}{c} **Useful I4.0** \\ **Technologies** \\ \end{tabular} & **Possible I4.0 Solutions** \\ \hline \multirow{5}{*}{FP} & T & \(\bullet\bullet\) & \multirow{5}{*}{11. Industrial Robots (including AGVs)} & \multirow{5}{*}{1-Minimize feeding period by reducing the tow train routes and increasing the number of two trains using Automated Guided Vehicles.} \\  & W & \(\bullet\bullet\) & & \\  & & & 11. Industrial Robots (including AGVs) & \\  & B & \(\bullet\bullet\bullet\bullet\) & & \\  & & & & \\  & & & & \\ \hline \multirow{5}{*}{ALCTV} & T & \(\bullet\) & 1. Sensors & 1-Introduce sensors \\  & W & \(\bullet\) & 7. Simulation of processes & within assembly lines \\  & & & 10. processes & to monitor the \\  & & & 10. & assembly stations takt \\  & & & Machine-to-Machine & time. \\  & & & communication & 2-Compare the \\  & B & \(\bullet\) & 13. Traceability of raw materials & real-time takt time with the planned takt time. \\  & & & 22. Remote monitoring & 3-Send real-time information to assembly stations. \\  & & & 23. Remote operation & assembly stations. \\  & & & of production & 4-Act accordingly \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 4: _Cont._