## 1 Introduction
These varying slow-fast regions create spanwise shear in the boundary layer, which is the main mechanism in decreasing the disturbance energy growth, essentially dampening the TS waves and postponing the transition location [9; 10]. The increase in (pressure) drag caused by the placement of the MVGs in the flow field is consistently surpassed by the reduction in drag observed downstream, resulting from the delayed onset of the turbulent boundary layer. Although MVGs inherently add drag compared to a smooth flat plate, the overall drag reduction achieved through their influence on the boundary layer transition justifies their implementation [9; 11]. Both experimental work [12] and numerical simulations [9] have shown that appropriate streak generation has the capability of attenuating the TS wave growth, with the main factor that influences the effectiveness of this attenuation being the streak amplitude [13]. A high amplitude is sought after for its stabilizing effect; however, there is a balance to maintain: when this amplitude crosses a critical threshold, the streaks can cause secondary instabilities, effectively advancing the transition location. Different methods exist for creating this streaky boundary layer pattern. Initially, circular and rectangular roughness elements have been investigated, both proving effective [12; 14; 15; 16]. However, currently, the most promising method of streak generation involves small-winglet-type elements that create these counter-rotating vortices. These are called Miniature Vortex Generators or MVGs. They differ from \"classical\" vortex generators, which are used to delay separation as they are smaller and present in the laminar region of the boundary layer. The main body of work showing the effectiveness of these MVGs includes the experiments of [PERSON] and [PERSON] [17; 18]. The experimental work of [PERSON] et al. [19] also proves several key practical findings of this technology, mainly stressing the importance of the streamwise location of the MVGs. Previous works have conducted limited parametric studies investigating the influence of certain MVG parameters on the effects of the streak generation downstream. Althoughidealized vortices, such as those proposed by [PERSON] et al. [20], offer the most control and adjustability over the initial flow field that induces the streaky boundary layer, they do not represent a realistic configuration. On the other hand, analyzing the effect of the MVG geometry on the streak amplitude provides valuable insights into the effectiveness of an MVG setup, yet it fails to demonstrate how the distinct characteristics of the vortex itself play a role. A knowledge gap persists: until now, physical MVG parameters have been altered to analyze streak generation, but no investigation has focused on the vortices themselves. While the numerical studies of [PERSON] et al. [20] examined the introduction of an idealized Batchelor vortex and its effect on downstream drag reduction, no vortex analysis has been performed on the vortices generated by the MVG pairs. This study aims to bridge that gap. By analyzing the vortex parameters, it is possible to gain insight into which characteristics influence drag reduction and how these parameters of realistic vortices compare to well-defined idealized ones [21]. While some studies described relationships between the MVG parameters and streak amplitude, the limited range of configurations restricts the applicability of these findings. Building on the collaborative study conducted by [PERSON] et al. [11], further analyses are undertaken to extend the findings obtained in that research. This study will therefore perform a large-parameter study, focusing on two key aspects: expanding the current parametric investigation of MVGs and characterizing the vortices generated by different MVG setups and their effect on drag reduction.