## 3 Survey Area and Data
### Sampling Method and Survey Data  
The planning and development documentations of the Shanghai large-scale residential areas were investigated. We conducted field studies to support the site selection, interviews, and on-site surveys. This was because there was no detailed dataset for this kind of peripheral area.  
Two surveys were conducted in Jinhexincheng in March 2011 and August 2012, respectively, to explore the change in travel-equity overtime for relocatees and non-relocatees in the area. In June 2011, Wanda Shopping Plaza (Wanda for short) was opened. It is located 500 m to the east of Jinhexincheng and has an area of approximately 0.25 km\({}^{2}\). It includes grocery stores, department stores, supermarkets, karaoke bars, children's play areas, restaurants, clothing stores, digital or appliance stores, book stores, and a cinema [26]. The opening of Wanda fell into the gap between the two survey periods. Other than that, there was no major built environment change in the area.  
In both surveys, the following were conducted: (1) Field studies of local transportation and land use; (2) Questionnaires; and (3) Interviews with residents. For the two surveys, two different groups of sample residents were asked to finish a questionnaire. The sampling approach was the same for both surveys: using stratified sampling to select the buildings and random sampling to select households in each building. It is worth noting that because this area's housing and demographic data were not location-specific, the survey was conducted based on the author's best estimation of a representative sample of the peripheral population in an emerging area.  
More details about the completion of the two questionnaire surveys are specified separately as follows:  
Survey 1: 500 invitations were mailed to households and 413 persons replied to it. One person in each household who was 12 years old and above was asked to participate. Eventually, we collected a total of 320 valid resident questionnaires, where at least 70% of the questions were answered. The response rate for this survey was high because it was approved by the Shanghai Municipal Government. The residential committees also helped with its announcement. The questionnaire was either self-reported and mailed back or answered with the help of an interviewer.  
Respondents answered with their individual and household demographic characteristics and their most frequent trip, including its purpose, origin, destination, travel mode, departure time, and travel time. We collected 320 valid trips of 320 residents, one trip per person. Among these trips, 239 were shopping-related trips. So far, most previous studies have investigated the overall or commute trips in this type of area. As for shopping-related trips, few studies have focused on it. Thus, this study focuses on the shopping-related trips in this survey. After data cleaning, it had a valid sample size of 304 individuals' 304 trips.  
Survey 2: This was performed after the Wanda Shopping Plaza's opening. We used similar survey methods as for Survey 1. The difference was that: (1) The questionnaire survey was performed in-house with the guidance of the interviewer; (2) In each household, household and personal demographic characteristics and a travel diary were completed by any residents above 6 years old. The sampling rate was about 2% in Jinhexincheng and its sample size was 1291 residents. After data cleaning, it had a valid sample size of 1017 individuals' 2117 trips.