# A Review of Recent Progress of Carbon Capture, Utilization, and Storage (CCUS) in China  
[PERSON]  
1 Department of Petroleum Engineering, University of Wyoming, Laram  
requirements for both greenhouse gas emission peaks and emission reductions. Global greenhouse gas emissions must peak before 2025 and a 43% emission reduction must occur by 2030 to limit warming to 1.5 \({}^{\circ}\)C, while emissions must peak before 2025 and a 25% emission must be lowered by 2030 to limit warming to 2 \({}^{\circ}\)C [1]. In terms of total annual CO2 emissions, China, as a major representative of the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC), is now ranked first, followed by the United States, the core and dominant country in North American Free Trade Area (NAFTA). To achieve its goals of carbon peak and carbon neutrality, China has implemented a variety of initiatives to generate a coordinated development plan of decarbonization and carbon reduction, emission reduction and pollution reduction, green growth and sink increase, and sustainable growth [2, 34, 35, 36], endeavoring to gradually realize net-zero CO2 emissions [37]. At present, the world's high energy consumption industries are shifting to developing countries [38, 39, 40], which results in the rising phase of CO2 emissions in developing countries. The CO2 emission reduction at the expense of reducing the amount of industrial activity harms economic development [41, 42, 43, 44, 45], generating two competing demands to keep both economic growth and substantial CO2 emission reduction for developing countries, especially for China, the major developing country in the world. China has conducted numerous studies on carbon capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS) in an effort to find a solution to the issue of balancing economic expansion and CO2 emissions. The concept of CCUS was first proposed in China [45], emphasizing the close integration of CO2 emission reduction and CO2 utilization to achieve maximum resource utilization. With the deepening understanding of CCUS as well as the continuous development of CCUS technologies, CCUS has gained international recognition recently. The Chinese government clarified the low-carbon development goals in the \"13 th Five-Year Plan\" and provided strong economic and policy support to China's CCUS projects. After several years of preliminary preparation and construction, China's CCUS projects have made significant progress after 2019, showing outstanding achievements in fundamental research [46, 47], technology development [48], and engineering demonstrations [49]. Approximately 40 CCUS demonstration projects with a 3 million tonnes/year capture capacity are operating or under construction in China by 2021 [50]. Remarkable progress has been made in CCUS-enhanced oil recovery (CCUS-EOR) [51], CCUS-enhanced natural gas recovery (CCUS-EGR) [52], and CCUS-enhanced coabled methane (CCUS-ECBM) [53]. CO2 storage in China is dominated by deep saline aquifers, with the well-developed required technology and equipment. In addition, China's first off-shore CO2 storage demonstration project was also constructed and completed in July 2022 [54], aiming to achieve net-zero CO2 emission and green low-carbon development of off-shore oil fields. This study provides a comprehensive review of the latest progress of CCUS development in China through the steps of information collection, classification, analysis and summary. Targeted journal publications were collected from both English and Chinese bibliographic sources, including the Web of Science (WoS) in English and the China Integrated Knowledge Resources System in Chinese. In addition, news reports on CCUS development released by Chinese media were also collected to comprehend pertinent national policies and relevant advancements that have not yet been published in paper form. The collected information was classified according to CO2 capture and transport, CO2 utilization and CO2 storage for detailed analysis and summary for each technology.