# Propolis as Natural Product in the Oral Cavity Bacterial Infections Treatment: A Systematic Review
## 4 Results
### Antibacterial Activity of Propolis in Oral Cavity Bacterial Infections
#### 4.2.2 In Vivo Studies
[4] analyzed the effect of 3% Brazilian green propolisis extract gel on oral microbiota. The authors noticed a time-dependent decrease in the number of oral microorganisms from 28 strains of microorganisms of 54 species at the beginning to 48 microorganisms strains of 20 species after 22 days of treatment in the study group. In contrast, the number of strains in the control group increased from 18 to 25 after 22 days. The comparison of microorganisms between the 1 st and 22 nd day of treatment showed that eight new strains occurred (_S. oralis_, _S. vestibularis_, _S. aureus MSSA_, _V. parvula_, _B. longum_, _L. acidophilus_, _C. ramosum_, _and_ _F. nucleatum_), while 15 strains were eliminated (_R. products_, _B. adolescents_, _B. infants_, _A. israeli_, _A. naselundit_, _A. odontolytica_, _A. viscosus_, _C. perfringens_, _C. spp._, _B. distasonis_, _C. gracile_, _C. ochracea_, _M. multiacidus_, _P. bivia_, _and_ _P. melaninogenica_). The results were obtained based on the study of thirty-one patients who were classified into two groups: the I group (sixteen patients used propolisis gel) and the II group (fifteen patients used a placebo for 1, 8, and 22 days) [4]. [PERSON] et al. [23] focused on how toothpaste with Australian _Melaleuca alternifolia_ oil and ethanolic extract of Polish propolisis affected the microbiome and the hygiene of the oral cavity. The authors observed that in the propolisis group, 305 bacterial strains were identified, while 321 strains of bacteria were identified in the _Melaleuca alternifolia_ group. In case of the propolisis group, the number of strains decreased, while in the control group, they increased. In the propolisis group, _S.mitis_, _S. sanguis_, _S. saliarius_, _A. israeli_, _A. naselundii_, _C. perfringens_, and _L. acidophilus_ were decreased, while _C. gracilis_ was eradicated. The results were obtained in the study of fifty-one patients who were classified into two groups: the I group (twenty-five patients used toothpaste with the active ingredients: _Melaleuca alternifolia_ oil and 1.5% ethanol extract of Polish propolisols), and the II group (twenty-six patients used negative control toothpaste) [23]. [PERSON] et al. [26] analyzed the impact of one-stage full-mouth disinfection with the use of 20% propolisols hydroalcoholic solution. The _in vivo_ study group comprised chronic periodontitis patients. The authors noticed the reduction in microbial count for _A. actinocytemcomitans, P. gingivalis, and P. intermedia_ after 12 weeks of treatment in comparison to control (413.33 \(\pm\) 103.83 and 554.53 \(\pm\) 135.37, 383.07 \(\pm\) 114.6 and 470.8 \(\pm\) 87.21, as well as 347.47 \(\pm\) 105.94 and 512.73 \(\pm\) 183.34, respectively). The results were obtained based on the study of thirty patients who were classified into two groups: the I group (fifteen patients used 20% propolis hydroalcoholic solution for 3 months) and the II group (fifteen patients were a control) [26]. [PERSON] et al. [8] analyzed the effect of a Polish propolis and tee tree oil-containing hygienic agent on certain oral health parameters, oral microflora, and the condition of periodontal health _in vivo_. The authors observed a significant improvement in hygiene and the condition of the periodonotin in the propolis group. The microbial investigation showed that in the propolis group in the first test, 77 microorganisms of 31 species were isolated, after 7 days of treatment, 78 microorganisms of 27 species were isolated, while after 4 weeks of treatment, only 65 microorganisms of 24 species were isolated. The bacterial species which were eliminated included: _A. visoccus, A. israelii, A. parvulum, B. ovatus, C. botulinum, E. saburreum, L. acidophilus, L. fermentum_, and P. granulosum. The microflora gained the following species: _A. minutum, C. butyricum, C. ochracea, P. melaninogenica, M. spp., S. oalis, P. rustigiani_, and S. maltopthia.