# Assessment of AEC Students' Performance Using BIM-into-VR
## 2 Theoretical Background
### Visualization of BIM Model over VR (BIM-into-VR)  
The process of BIM usage signifies an advancement compared to customary procedures of developing and managing construction projects. Even though BIM adaptation has grown in recent years, there are still obstacles and restrictions in its comprehensive implementation [81]. Using VR to visualize the rich, accurate, and smart data included in a BIM model can support and produce interactive real-time project visualization for a consistently shared perception with main participants [3; 82]. This arrangement has also shown a prospect of allowing the project leadership to envision and identify a project's intricacy for successful communication in all stages. Table 3 summarizes the published study works which employed VR with or without BIM for AEC projects. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c} \hline \hline
**No** & **Application Area** & **References** \\ \hline
1 & Simulation/visualization & [71; 72] \\ \hline
2 & Communication/ collaboration & [73; 74] \\ \hline
3 & Information access/evaluation & [3; 13] \\ \hline
4 & Risk assessment & [34; 75] \\ \hline
5 & Progress monitoring & [76; 77] \\ \hline
6 & Education/training & [61; 78] \\ \hline
7 & Safety management & [77; 79] \\ \hline
8 & Client satisfaction & [63; 77] \\ \hline
9 & Review design options & [74; 80] \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 2: A selection of the most widespread Virtual reality (VR) benefits based on academic publications. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Number** & **References** & **VR** & **Included BIM** & **Purposes** & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Phase**} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{**Evaluation**} \\ \cline{4-6}  & & & **D** & **C** & **Approaches** \\ \hline
1 & [3] & \(\surd\) & \(\surd\) & Construction project & & \\  & & & management & \(\surd\) & \(\surd\) & Case study \\ \hline
2 & [61] & \(\surd\) & \(\surd\) &
\begin{tabular}{c} Design and construction \\ education \\ \end{tabular} & \(\surd\) & \(\surd\) & Survey \\ \hline
3 & [65] & \(\surd\) & \(\surd\) & Construction safety & \(\surd\) & \(\surd\) & Review \\ \hline
4 & [82] & \(\surd\) & \(\surd\) & Collaborative decision making & \(\surd\) & \(\surd\) & Case Study \\ \hline
5 & [83] & \(\surd\) & \(\surd\) & Construction safety training & \(\surd\) & & Case Study \\ \hline
6 & [84] & \(\surd\) & \(\surd\) &
\begin{tabular}{c} Review and comparison of VR \\ and AR \\ \end{tabular} & \(\surd\) & & Survey \\ \hline
7 & [85] & \(\surd\) & \(\surd\) & Collaborative decision making & \(\surd\) & \(\surd\) & Case Study \\ \hline
8 & [86] & \(\surd\) & \(\surd\) & Construction safety & \(\surd\) & \(\surd\) & Case Study \\ \hline
9 & [87] & \(\surd\) & \(\surd\) & Construction safety & \(\surd\) & \(\surd\) & Case Study \\ \hline
10 & [88] & \(\surd\) & \(\surd\) & \
\begin{tabular}{c} Goals, challenges, and benefits \\ of VR in AEC industry \\ \end{tabular} & \(\surd\) & &
\begin{tabular}{c} Interviewees-Case \\ Study \\ \end{tabular} \\ \hline
11 & [89] & \(\surd\) & \(\surd\) &
\begin{tabular}{c} Construction safety \\ training/jobsite management. \\ \end{tabular} & \(\surd\) & \(\surd\) & Case Study \\ \hline
12 & [90] & \(\surd\) & \(\surd\) &
\begin{tabular}{c} Building energy performance \\ gap \\ \end{tabular} & \(\surd\) & \(\surd\) & Case study \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular} Note: VR = virtual reality; AR = augmented reality; AEC = architecture, engineering, and construction; BIM= building information modeling; D = design; C = construction.  
\end{table} 
Table 3: Using VR alongside BIM in diverse areas of design and construction industry. Nowadays, in most design and construction firms, BIM is somewhat a standard for AEC projects, but most of these firms do not use VR systems. Like BIM, which works with BEP, the VR needs to work based on a comprehensive workflow. A common VR development workflow is prepared after a project owner is requested to use VR technology and approves it. Then, the VR group will be brought to the project.