## 3 Results
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c c c} \hline \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**Variables**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**MARA Group (_m = 24_)**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Control Group (_n = 20_)**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**Diff.**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**\(p\)-Value**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**95\% CI of the Difference**} \\ \cline{2-2} \cline{5-8}  & **Mean** & & & & & & **Lower** & **Upper** \\ \hline Age (years) & \(13.8\) & \(2.0\) & \(13.8\) & \(1.8\) & \(0.0\) & \(0.902\) & \(-1.1\) & \(1.2\) \\ SNA (deg) & \(80.3\) & \(4.2\) & \(81.1\) & \(3.2\) & \(-0.8\) & \(0.517\) & \(-3.0\) & \(1.5\) \\ SNB (deg) & \(75.4\) & \(3.2\) & \(75.9\) & \(2.8\) & \(-0.5\) & \(0.632\) & \(-2.3\) & \(1.4\) \\ ANB (deg) & \(4.9\) & \(2.4\) & \(5.2\) & \(1.6\) & \(-0.3\) & \(0.638\) & \(-1.6\) & \(1.0\) \\ Wits (mm) & \(2.7\) & \(2.5\) & \(2.3\) & \(3.1\) & \(0.4\) & \(0.591\) & \(-1.3\) & \(2.2\) \\ SN-Occ. Pl. (deg) & \(17.2\) & \(3.6\) & \(17.8\) & \(3.8\) & \(-0.6\) & \(0.551\) & \(-2.9\) & \(1.6\) \\ SN-Pal. Pl. (deg) & \(7.8\) & \(2.9\) & \(7.8\) & \(2.9\) & \(0.0\) & \(0.974\) & \(-1.7\) & \(1.8\) \\ SN-Mand. Pl. (deg) & \(31.8\) & \(6.1\) & \(30.5\) & \(4.7\) & \(1.3\) & \(0.424\) & \(-2.0\) & \(4.7\) \\ Pal. Pl. to Mand. Pl. & \(24.0\) & \(5.7\) & \(22.7\) & \(5.0\) & \(1.3\) & \(0.431\) & \(-2.0\) & \(4.6\) \\ Co-Gn (mm) & \(103.5\) & \(12.8\) & \(102.7\) & \(5.9\) & \(0.8\) & \(0.175\) & & \\ Co-Go (mm) & \(52.6\) & \(7.6\) & \(52.2\) & \(4.5\) & \(0.4\) & \(0.465\) & & \\ Co-Go-Me (deg) & \(121.6\) & \(6.2\) & \(121.5\) & \(5.4\) & \(0.1\) & \(0.948\) & \(-3.5\) & \(3.7\) \\ Overjet (mm) & \(4.9\) & \(2.0\) & \(4.9\) & \(1.3\) & \(0.0\) & \(0.936\) & \(-1.1\) & \(1.0\) \\ Overbite (mm) & \(2.9\) & \(1.8\) & \(4.1\) & \(2.2\) & \(-1.2\) & \(0.062\) & \(-2.4\) & \(0.1\) \\ Molar Relationship & \(-0.1\) & \(1.5\) & \(-0.6\) & \(1.7\) & \(0.5\) & \(0.338\) & \(-0.5\) & \(1.5\) \\ (mm) & & & & & & & & \\ Upper Inc. to Pal. Pl. & \(111.2\) & \(7.3\) & \(107.4\) & \(7.6\) & \(3.8\) & \(0.099\) & \(-0.7\) & \(8.3\) \\ (deg) & & & & & & & & \\ Lower Inc. to Mand. & \(102.0\) & \(6.5\) & \(103.5\) & \(7.8\) & \(-1.5\) & \(0.495\) & \(-5.8\) & \(2.9\) \\ PNS-AD1 (mm) & \(22.9\) & \(4.8\) & \(23.7\) & \(3.3\) & \(-0.8\) & \(0.536\) & \(-3.3\) & \(1.8\) \\ AD1-Ba (mm) & \(20.6\) & \(4.3\) & \(18.5\) & \(4.3\) & \(2.1\) & \(0.115\) & \(-0.5\) & \(4.7\) \\ PNS-AD2 (mm) & \(18.1\) & \(3.9\) & \(18.7\) & \(4.1\) & \(-0.6\) & \(0.649\) & \(-3.0\) & \(1.9\) \\ AD2-H (mm) & \(11.3\) & \(3.7\) & \(10.6\) & \(3.8\) & \(0.7\) & \(0.529\) & \(-1.6\) & \(3.0\) \\ McNa Upper Pharinx & \(12.4\) & \(3.9\) & \(12.6\) & \(3.4\) & \(-0.2\) & \(0.809\) & \(-2.5\) & \(2.0\) \\ McNa Lower Pharinx & \(9.4\) & \(2.6\) & \(10.2\) & \(2.8\) & \(-0.8\) & \(0.297\) & \(-2.5\) & \(0.8\) \\ (mm) & & & & & & & & \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c} \hline \hline  & & \multicolumn{2}{c}{SD = standard deviation; Diff. = difference; CI = confidence interval; Occ. = occlusal; Pal. = palatal; Pl.= plane; Mand. = mandibular; Inc. = incisor; McNa = McNamara; deg. = degrees; mm = millimeters.} \\ \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 2: Descriptive statistics and statistical comparisons (independent-samples _t_-tests or Mann–Whitney U test) of the starting forms (cephalometric values at T1).