# Challenge of Utilization Vegetal Extracts as Natural Plant Protection Products
## 4 Plant Extracts as Natural Plant Protection Products
### Methods for Determination of the Chemical Composition of Plant Extracts
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{l l l l} \hline \hline \multicolumn{1}{c}{**Analysis Method**} & \multicolumn{3}{c}{**Operating Conditions for Analysis**} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{**Advantage/Disadvantages**} \\ \hline \multirow{8}{*}{NMR spectroscopy} & - & Standard \({}^{\mathrm{th}}\), \({}^{\mathrm{th}}\), \({}^{\mathrm{th}}\) and high resolution magic angle spinning (HRMAS) & - & It is used to foods and extracts; it has a high power of structural elucidation; it is the hard non-target technique to use for screening of food extracts, mainly metabolites (fatty), annoyinging acids, sugars, aromatic compounds) detected in a single \\  & - & Samples are prepared simply by adding 5-10% of \({}^{\mathrm{th}}\), \({}^{\mathrm{th}}\), \({}^{\mathrm{th}}\) by the liquid; & spectrum with minimal and non-destructive sample preparation. \\  & - & dedeuerated solvents (deuerated methanol-CDSO), or dimethyl & - & It is simple items of sample preparation, measurement procedure, \\  & - & symbiosis-DMSO/dds provide a signal for magnetic field stabilisation and allow & - & instrumental stability, ease spectra interpretation, \\  & - & optimization of resolution of NMR peaks. & - & Solved variables (NME peak heights or ring signals) are used instead of \\  & - & Chemometric techniques are then employed to analyze data when information & - & whole spectra. \\  & - & NMR is very used in identifying the reaction products of anthocyanins with other compounds as cinnamic acid derivates, properly radicals, catechchains and flavonoids. & - & The limitations of using NMR are due to the cost of equipment and low sensitivity compared with other techniques such as HPLC or GC. \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{Thermopropy analysis (TSP)/Electro-synor ionisation (ESI)\(-\)MS} & - & TSP is proposed especially for analysing phenolic compounds, but has proven to be unsuitable for analysis of oligomers and polymers, due to thermal degradation. & - & These advanced techniques are considered for analysing of phenolic compounds. \\  & - & Unset flow injection techniques (ESI)\(-\)MS can be used to establish & - & It can not be used for analysis of high molecular weight compounds (polymers) or peroxymatic oligomers. \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{Paper chromatography (IC)} & - & It requires the preparation of chromatographic paper as starting line and contact & - & There are widely used for purification and isolation of anthocyanins, flavonoids, condensated tannins and phenolic acids; \\  & - & points for separated extract drops, as a single drop or multiple ones, followed by immersion of the bottom chromatography paper in specific behavioural, & - & There are simple, quick, and inexpensive procedures; \\  & - & and analysis of colored traces and quantitative estimation of results based on the calibration curves of different representative compounds. & - & Quick answer how many components are in a mixture (related to known compounds and spraying of phytochemical licensing reagents). \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{Thin layer chromatography (TLC)/Bousaugraphy} & - & It requires TLC plates with a thickness of 1 mm; & - & Useful technique to determine bioactive compounds with antimicrobial activity from plant extract (direct, by contact, and in a seeded agar overlay medium). \\  & - & It uses very little amount of sample when compared to the normal disc diffusion (TLC)/Bousaugraphy & - & It simplifies the process of identification and isolation. \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{Spectrophotometric methods for quantification of total phenolics} & - & These are based on different principles and used to determine different structural groups present in phenolic compounds; & - & These methods provide very useful qualitative and quantitative data, but give only an estimation of total phenolic content. \\  & - & The widely used method is the Folin-Ciochea assay, while the vanilla and proanthocyanidin assays are used to estimate the total proanthocyanidin. & - & It does not separate, or give content of individual compounds; \\  & - & & - & There are relative simple but are costly. \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}