# Wave-Shaped Microstructure Cancer Detection Sensor in Terahertz Band: Design and Analysis
## 4 Simulation Results and Discussions  
An optical field is depicted in Figure 4 in the presence of adrenal gland cancer and blood cancer. The other four types of cancer show similar field distributions. The field exhibits two polarization modes that are well guided (x-pol and y-pol). Each color in the figures corresponds to a specific cell type (red represents adrenal gland cell, blue represents blood cell, black represents breast cell type-1, violet represents breast cell type-2, cyan represents cervical cell and green represents skin cell), while the dashed lines (- - -) indicate the \"Normal State\" and the solid lines (-) indicate the \"Cancerous State\". For core diameters of 1000 microns and strut widths of 10 microns and 20 microns, Figure 5 illustrates the link between the relative sensitivity and corresponding frequency of breast cells, blood cells, skin cells, cervical cells, and adrenal gland cells in both normal state and cancerous state. Figures clearly show that all analytes would have better sensitivity with a narrower strut width. So, a strut width of 10 \(\upmu\)m is considered optimum for our proposed model. It has also been demonstrated that the relative sensitivity increases up to a particular frequency before essentially flattening off. This is expressed as follows: as the frequency rises, the core power fraction rises as well, improving the effective RI. According to Equation (4), the relative sensitivity is directly correlated with the RI of the analyte and is inversely correlated with the RI of the effective analyte. From the figure, the relative sensitivity of six cell types in normal form was found to be 99.9177% for adrenal gland cells, 99.9136% for blood cells, 99.9207% for breast cell type-1, 99.9222% for breast cell type-2, 99.9064% for cervical cells and 99.8983% for skin cells at a frequency of 3 THz in x-pol. In their cancerous state, the relative sensitivity of all analytes increased to 99.9277% for adrenal gland cells, 99.9243% for blood cells, 99.9302% for breast cell type-1, 99.9314% for breast cell type-2, 99.9257% for cervical cells, and 99.9169% for skin cells at a frequency of 3 THz in x-pol. Figure 4: Inside the core of the envisioned HC-PCF, there is a field distribution of different cancer cell types. (**a,b**) adrenal gland cancer; x-pol, y-pol, (**c,d**) blood cancer; x-pol, y-pol. The effective analyte detection of a Terahertz sensor is constrained by a small number of limiting parameters, including EML, CL, bending, and scattering losses. Please note that the scattering loss property is not taken into consideration because it is explicitly stated in Figure 4 that light is well confined in the core and that light contact with the cladding is minimal. Furthermore, it is better to avoid characterizing the bending loss due to the length consideration. Because of the background material utilized, EML is the main contributor to optical power loss in the proposed PCF. EML is the sum of the light energy absorbed by the core material. EML can be minimized by using air spaces in the core area. Utilizing a hollow core also has the advantage of significantly reducing background material thickness from the core, which lowers EML. Figure 6a,b shows the EML characteristics in relation to frequency with variations in analytes. As shown, EML reduces in response to the frequency at optimal geometrical variables, ultimately fulfilling the theoretical state of the EML calculation [37; 32]. Figure 6 also shows that EML is as low as \(8.55\times 10^{-5}\) cm\({}^{-1}\) for adrenal gland cancer, \(8.96\times 10^{-5}\) cm\({}^{-1}\) for blood cancer, \(8.24\times 10^{-5}\) cm\({}^{-1}\) for breast cancer type-1, \(8.09\times 10^{-5}\) cm\({}^{-1}\) for breast cancer type-2, \(8.79\times 10^{-5}\) cm\({}^{-1}\) for cervical cancer, and \(9.88\times 10^{-5}\) cm\({}^{-1}\) for skin cancer cells at a frequency of 3 THz, respectively. Figure 6c demonstrates the relationship between the frequency of various analytes and CL.