## 1 Introduction  
The study of the effects of the mechanical properties of the material on  
## 1 Introduction  
Over the last two decades, constructional activities have been growing rapidly around the globe due to increased infrastructure demand. It cannot be ignored that cement is the most widely used material in all the construction activities. According to an estimate, about 2 billion tons of cement is produced each year worldwide [1]. The production of cement causes serious damage to the environment due to green-house gas (GHG) emissions. Hence, the manufacturing industries of cement are responsible for huge amounts of CO\({}_{2}\) emissions into the atmosphere due to the consumption of energy, i.e., the fuel and raw material conversion. According to a study, 1.6 tons of raw materials are consumed for the production of one ton of cement that will result in the liberation of 1 ton of CO\({}_{2}\) in the atmosphere [2]. The cement industry alone is emitting about 7-8% of the total greenhouse gas emissions. Therefore, serious environmental concerns have been raised on the production of ordinary Portland cement (OPC) in recent times. Consequently, researchers are making efforts to replace the traditional OPC with environment friendly material with properties like OPC. Apart from greenhouse gas emissions, there has been significant increase in the generation of by-products and waste materials from industries, such as fly ash (FA), molten slag (SG), silica powders, lime stone dust, and ceramic wastes [3; 4]. For example, fly ash is a fine powder that is a by-product of burning pulverized coal in electric generation power plants [5]. However, in most of the cases, the end product of fly ash is a waste material that is dumped into landfill sites because utilization rate of fly ash in most of the developing countries is not 100%. For instance, the average comprehensive utilization rate of fly ash in China is 70%, which is mainly used in building materials [4]. There are different problems related to fly ash like requirement of large area of land for disposal. Similarly, slag is a by-product of steel and iron industries, produced in the process of iron and steel smelting, and its emission is about 15% by weight of crude steel output. However, in most of the developing countries, the utilization rate of steel slag is not 100%. According to the data released by the World Iron and Steel Association, China's crude steel output in 2019 was 996 million tons, which meant that the emission of steel slag was as high as 100 million tons, while the comprehensive utilization rate of steel slag in China was only about 25% [6]. This has become a challenging task for the environmentalists and researchers to dispose of or manage these wastes and develop alternatives to traditional OPC [2]. The usual popular approach is to develop better and viable solutions that can utilize these products to create binder materials like ordinary Portland cement (OPC). This will help to resolve the issues associated with the management of these products, preserving the natural resources and simultaneously reducing the global warming effects. One of the solutions to fully avoid the usage of cement and promote efficient use of these products concurrently is geopolymer concrete (GPC) [7; 8; 9]. There is no doubt about the sustainability benefits of using geopolymer concrete as compared to conventional concrete because it indirectly negates the CO\({}_{2}\) emissions during cement production [10; 11]. However, the environmental benefits and outcome of life cycle assessment (LCA) of GPC depend on a number of parameters and vary from location to location. There are a number of studies that conclude that geopolymer concrete yields environmental benefits [7; 8; 12]. Recently, [PERSON] and [PERSON] (2021) conducted the comparative LCA of GPC manufacturing with OPC in the Indian context. It is reported that the geopolymer cement produced from FA and SG reduces the global warming potential by 70% as compared to OPC [12].