## 5 Results
### Verification of the Hypotheses
#### 5.2.2 Research Hypothesis 2 Verification Result  
First, the flows of all the study participants who played the fire safety education VR game with cutaneous sensation and of those who played the basic fire safety education VR game were compared with the other results of the experience recognition survey. As shown in Table 6, there was no difference in flow between the two study groups (_Mann-Whitney U_ = 111.50; _[PERSON]_ = 202.50; \(p\) > 0.05) while there were significant differences in vividness (_Mann-Whitney U_ = 72.00; _[PERSON]_ = 163.00; \(p\) < 0.05) and presence (_Mann-Whitney U_ = 104.00; _[PERSON]_ = 195.00; \(p\) < 0.05). These are consistent with the results of the previous study [10]. The boxplots in Figure 4 show, however, that the median value and interquartile range (IQR) of the group of study participants who played the fire safety education VR game with cutaneous sensation were higher than those of the group that played the basic fire safety education VR game in terms of the flow variable, along with the vividness and presence variables, resulting in the high flow of the group that played the fire safety education VR game with cutaneous sensation on the whole. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Variable** & **Anxiety** & \(N\) & \begin{tabular}{c} **Mean** \\ **Rank** \\ \end{tabular} & \begin{tabular}{c} **Sum of** \\ **Rank** \\ \end{tabular} & \begin{tabular}{c} **[PERSON]–** \\ _[PERSON]_ \\ \end{tabular} & \
\begin{tabular}{c} _[PERSON]_ \\ \(W\) \\ \end{tabular} &
\begin{tabular}{c} \(Z\) \\ \end{tabular} & \(p\) \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{Flow} & VR game with & & & & & & \\  & cutaneous sensation & 26 & 22.21 & 577.50 & 111.50 & 202.50 & \(-\)1.76 & 0.08 \\ \cline{2-8}  & Basic VR game & 13 & 15.58 & 202.50 & & & & \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{Vividness} & VR game with & & & & & & & \\  & cutaneous sensation & 26 & 23.73 & 617.00 & 72.00 & 163.00 & \(-\)2.98 & 0.00 ** \\ \cline{2-8}  & Basic VR game & 13 & 12.54 & 163.00 & & & & \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{Tactile & VR game with & & & & & & \\  & cutaneous sensation & 26 & 19.98 & 519.50 & 168.50 & 519.50 & \(-\)0.02 & 0.99 \\ \cline{2-8}  & Basic VR game & 13 & 20.04 & 260.50 & & & & \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{Incomotive & VR game with & & & & & & \\  & cutaneous sensation & 26 & 21.52 & 559.50 & 129.50 & 220.50 & \(-\)1.20 & 0.23 \\ \cline{2-8}  & Basic VR game & 13 & 16.96 & 220.50 & & & & \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{Presence} & VR game with & & & & & & \\  & cutaneous sensation & 26 & 22.50 & 585.00 & 104.00 & 195.00 & \(-\)1.97 & 0.05 * \\ \cline{2-8}  & Basic VR game & 13 & 15.00 & 195.00 & & & & \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{Experientiality} & VR game with & & & & & & & \\  & cutaneous sensation & 26 & 21.65 & 563.00 & & & & \\ \cline{1-1} \cline{2-8}  & Basic VR game & 13 & 16.69 & 217.00 & 123.00 & 217.00 & \(-\)1.55 & 0.12 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}  
* \(p\) < 0.05; ** \(p\) < 0.01.  
\end{table} 
Table 6: Results of the Mann–Whitney U test analysis for the variables of the group of study participants who played the fire safety education VR game with cutaneous sensation and the group that played the basic fire safety education VR game. As shown in Table 7, however, in the analysis and comparison of the measurements from the high-anxiety group among the study participants who played the fire safety education VR game with cutaneous sensation and the group that played the basic fire safety education VR game, the variables of vividness (_Mann-Whitney U =_ 23.50; _Wilcoxon =_ 114.50; \(p\) < 0.05) and presence (_Mann-Whitney U =_ 39.00; _[PERSON] =_ 130.00; \(p\) < 0.05) showed a significant difference, and the flow variable showed significant results (_Mann-Whitney U =_ 41.00; _Wilcoxon =_ 132.50; \(p\) < 0.05). The boxplots of the flow variable in Figure 5 show that the median value and IQR of the group of study participants who played the fire safety education VR game with cutaneous sensation were significantly higher than those of the group that played the basic fire safety education VR game.