# Designing an Educational Metaverse: A Case Study of NTUniverse
## 1 Introduction  
The term metaverse technology describes a virtual environment within which users can engage in a variety of activities, including socializing, learning, gaming, and content creation while interacting with one another through avatars. Recent years have witnessed the substantial progress of metaverse and digital twin technologies and their applications in various areas, such as education in different contexts, including academia and industry [1], cultural heritage [2], the building and construction industry [3], social media and gaming [4], etc. In comparison to conventional approaches, the use of metaverse technology for education and industrial training by companies to improve the skills, knowledge, and competencies of employees relevant to their job activities has grown in popularity recently. The metaverse is an ideal context for the development of educational and skill-development materials for two reasons. Firstly, its collaborative approach allows for remote learningand the assimilation of skills without geographical or space constraints. For instance, in the context of industry, the metaverse enables workers undergoing training from several industrial units to interact concurrently in shared virtual worlds, even when these facilities are geographically separated. Secondly, its highly visual nature substantially reduces the amount of time required to visualize, interpret, and understand challenging topics not limited to abstract concepts, complex structures, and dynamic processes [5]. Students and workforce members can \"dive into\" a secured virtual environment with the aid of a digital twin, practicing and learning theories at an accelerated rate with lowered barriers to entry that may otherwise be raised by physical limitations. This approach also makes it feasible to analyze complex systems and processes virtually in 3D, which would be challenging, if not impossible, in the real world. For example, industrial orientation and onboarding, as well as technical skills training, aim to ensure that personnel understand industrial procedures and settings, and machinery operation and maintenance, among other considerations. While traditional training methods rely on physical facilities and equipment, the use of the metaverse enables a wide range of training and assessment relevant to factory operations, including setting/guidance, sorting, picking, keeping, assembling, and installation. These applications are independent of physical facilities, reducing facility investment, economic losses, and potential equipment damage. Without this type of training, training the workforce would disrupt productivity. The metaverse can also benefit safety training. Worker safety entails having the abilities and tools required to assess workplace dangers, such as safety regulations, emergency protocols, and information on the effective use of personal protective equipment (PPE). The immersive and metaverse-based training experience enables users to practice, for an unlimited number of times, how to operate important industrial equipment virtually, reducing potential hazards when users operate the real equipment. It reduces the possibility of destroying important industrial equipment due to the lack of experience. Using the metaverse to train operators on robots and heavy machinery in a virtual setting, for example, allows for training without the risk of physical harm. As a result, multiple failures can be simulated, including emergency scenarios that do not occur in normal day-to-day operations, preventing losses, hazards to health, and asset destruction. However, it is essential to evaluate both the benefits and the potential limitations of metaverse training. While immersive training effectively teaches a range of skills relevant to emergency responses, there is a concern that it might not fully represent the real-world consequences of dangerous situations, a gap that could lead to trainees underestimating risks in real-life scenarios.