## 3 Proposed VANET
### VANET Features and Interfaces  
The VANET wireless network contains nodes distributed along the RSU or vehicles with high mobility. The network's infrastructure restricts access to it; however, it is highly dynamic and dependable and provides many services. The proposed VANET has the following features:  
* Scalability and flexibility: Edge computing enables dynamic resource allocation based on current demand, maintaining optimal performance. SDN offers a flexible networking framework that can readily scale to support increasingly linked vehicles and devices;
* Low latency and real-time processing: Distributed edge computing brings computer resources closer to vehicles, dramatically lowering latency by processing data locally rather than depending on remote cloud servers. Edge nodes offer real-time analysis and speedy decision making, which benefits critical applications such as collision avoidance, traffic management, and autonomous driving;
* Enhanced network management and control: SDN provides centralized network control via a controller that governs data flows across the network, simplifying network management and increasing overall efficiency. SDN's programmability enables the customization and optimization of network policies and behaviors, which adapt to changing traffic conditions and application requirements;
* Improved security and privacy: SDN increases security by isolating essential network control functions from possible attackers. Edge computing enables local processing of sensitive data, reducing the need to send it across the network and improving privacy;
* Load balancing: SDN allows for sophisticated load balancing across the network, reducing congestion and assuring effective use of network resources;
* Resource optimization: Edge nodes can be dynamically deployed and scaled to meet real-time demand, ensuring that computational resources are used efficiently;
* Enhanced QoS: SDN prioritizes vital vehicular data, ensuring that high-priority communications, including emergency alarms, are delivered quickly. SDN facilitates smooth control over network traffic and enables consistent and reliable performance for various applications, from entertainment to safety-critical systems;
* Reduced backhaul traffic: Processing data at the edge reduces the amount of data that needs to be transported back to central servers, resulting in energy savings and lower backhaul traffic;
* Adaptive network topology: With SDN's centralized control, the network topology may be dynamically adjusted to accommodate vehicle mobility while maintaining robust communication links;
* Efficient resources management: SDN's ability to dynamically assign network resources based on demand contributes to energy conservation by preventing resource overprovisioning;* Efficient handover implementation: The system can effectively manage handovers between RSUs by combining edge computing and SDN, assuring continuous connectivity and service for moving vehicles;
* Advanced data analytics and AI integration: Distributed edge nodes may execute complex data analytics close to the data source, delivering actionable insights in real time for applications such as traffic prediction and route optimization. Integrating AI and machine learning algorithms at the edge might help improve decision-making processes, including predictive maintenance and intelligent traffic management;
* Interoperability: SDN enables interoperability across various network protocols and standards, resulting in seamless communication across various automotive systems. The proposed VANET supports many forms of communications, including V2V, V2I, vehicle-to-pedestrians (V2P), V2X, and cellular vehicle-to-everything (C-V2X) communications. Enabling such forms of communication provides efficient communication over the network, provides all kinds of vehicular applications, helps in traffic safety, and offers very well-authorized data in real time. In V2V communications, the high transmission rate and the low latency are among the main advantages.