## 5 Conclusions and Implications  
In this study, we combine the super-SBM model with the GML index and include undesirable outputs to measure the GTFP of 26 manufacturing sub-sectors in China from 2004 to 2017. The results show that during the sample period, the GTFP of China's manufacturing industry continues to accelerate, and the driving force is mainly from green technological progress (GTC), while the green technical efficiency (GEC) generally declines. After entering the 13 th Five-Year Plan period, GEC also began to show a growth trend. The acceleration of green technological progress and the improvement of green  
Figure 6: Trends of GTC and GEC in energy-intensive manufacturing. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c} \hline \hline  & **Mean** & **10 th Five-Year Plan** & **11 th Five-Year Plan** & **12 th Five-Year Plan** & **13 th Five-Year Plan** & **Analysis of Variance (\(p\) Value)** \\ \hline GTFP & 1.0243 & 1.0842 & 1.0205 & 1.0117 & 0.9836 & 0.0000 \\ GTC & 1.0408 & 1.0756 & 1.0333 & 1.083 & 1.0436 & 0.0000 \\ GEC & 0.9842 & 1.008 & 0.9876 & 0.9794 & 0.9801 & 0.1925 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 8: GTFP and its decomposition in energy-intensive manufacturing. technical efficiency jointly drove the GTFP of China's manufacturing industry to enter a rapid upward trajectory during the 13 th Five-Year Plan period, with an average annual growth rate of 5.16%. In addition, different categories of China's manufacturing industry have begun to develop in a different manner in recent years, which is mainly caused by the difference in the growth rate of green technological progress in the manufacturing industry. The GTFP growth rate of equipment and high-tech manufacturing is the highest, followed by consumer goods manufacturing and energy-intensive manufacturing. The equipment and high-tech manufacturing sector has the characteristics of high added value and high technology content and its green and low-carbon transformation is less difficult, followed by consumer goods manufacturing. Energy-intensive manufacturing is characterized by high energy consumption, high pollution, and low added value. In 2019, its carbon dioxide emissions accounted for 34% of China's total emissions. Therefore, the green and low-carbon transformation of energy-intensive manufacturing is the most difficult, but also it is of great significance to achieve China's carbon peak and carbon neutrality goals. Furthermore, the results of the analysis of variance show that the mean values of GTFP and its decomposition in China's manufacturing industry are not the same in different periods, except for the mean values of GEC in the energy-intensive manufacturing industry. Based on the aforementioned conclusions, the following policy implications are obtained: first, during the sample period, the driving force for the improvement of GTFP of China's manufacturing industry mainly comes from the green technological progress, and green technical efficiency is generally declining. Therefore, relevant departments need to further formulate relevant policies, optimize resource allocation, and improve green technical efficiency in manufacturing. Second, the green and low-carbon transformation of the energy-intensive manufacturing is the most difficult, but it is also of great significance to achieve China's carbon peak and carbon neutrality goals. Although the progress of green technology in energy-intensive manufacturing was in a stage of positive growth in the sample period, the progress rate is decreasing, while the green technical efficiency is declining at a steady rate. Therefore, the energy-intensive manufacturing industry needs to further improve the rate of green technological progress to prevent negative growth and improve the green technical efficiency. Contributions of all authors are presented below. Conceptualization, X.Z. and J.Z. ; methodology, R.L. ; software, R.L. ; validation, X.Z., R.L. and J.Z. ; formal analysis, X.Z., R.L. and J.Z. ; investigation, R.L. ; resources, R.L. and J.Z. ; data curation, R.L. and J.Z.