# Vehicular Alarm System Using mHealth Data and Lightweight Security Algorithms
## 3 Proposed Integrated Vehicular Monitoring Sensor Design  
mHealth Sensors can be distributed in the driver's home, placed on the body, or even implanted within the body. Human observation of physiological values has practical limitations and may not be suitable for certain measurements. On the other hand, sensors measure a person's health characteristics and convert them into raw digital data for monitoring, where the application plays an important role in collecting relevant and accurate data for analysis. mHealthcare systems offering a number of software solutions or smart device applications can provide a convenient and economical means for new modalities of self-administered patient care and well-being. Different devices related to a particular experiment to be performed on the patient are designed differently since they collect data in different forms and with varied procedures. Some monitoring systems make observations from multiple distributed sensors that are communicated over a network to a point of aggregation and analysis, or even to actuators for performing certain actions. Figure 2 shows the device interoperability standards required by mHealth devices for integrating with vehicular devices. While the purpose of vehicular application is different from mHealth, sensors, and monitoring devices can be used for both applications and can complement each other. PHD sensors can be used for invasive and non-invasive procedures in medical treatment. Invasive techniques involve incision or entering the body or the removal of tissue, while non-invasive techniques avoid penetrating the skin. Most PHD devices are non-invasive. However, some devices such as pacemakers are implanted inside the body. For the purpose of vehicular informatics, invasive interventions are considered as  
Figure 2: mHealth device interoperability standards framework. ones involving physical contact with the skin while non-invasive interventions can operate remotely without touching the skin [10]. Some sensors equipped in most smartphones capture basic health data such as heart rate and motion, whereas dedicated PHD devices are used more for health applications. These devices can be worn on the body or attached as wearables in the form of a watch, clothing, glasses, or accessories to capture physical data from the body's movement. Contactless sensors are located in the cabin for remote sensing such as sound, visual sensing, motion, and temperature. Some of these sensors can have contact with the skin, e.g. handle, seat etc. from time to time and sense data accordingly. Table 1 shows sensors and their functionalities that can be used in vehicular and mHealth applications. Smartphones are used to connect vehicular and mHealth networks integrated with various sensors and monitoring devices. Figure 3 shows the sensor locations in the cabin that can connect to a smartphone, which processes and transfers this information along with physiological data obtained from mHealth devices to a cloud server. The accuracy of an integrated system depends upon how well the data in different formats sent from the mHealth wearable devices and mobile sensors are processed. The appropriate alerts are sent to the driver, the vehicle, and healthcare provider of the driver for future follow-ups with the driver's health as well as vehicle maintenance. Figure 4 provides an overview framework of an integrated vehicular alarm system, which is presented in the following section.