# The Impact of Blockchain Technology Adoption on Tourism Industry: A Systematic Literature Review
## 3 Results and Discussion
### The Advantage of BC Technology Adoption in the Tourism Industry
#### 3.2.5. Decentralization and Traceability  
Little and poor countries frequently suffer from high levels of corruption, and they have the urgency of establishing a reliable system. An apparent example is the country of Moldova, where, according to [PERSON] et al. [42], the establishment of BC technology has the ability to remove the corruption and boost the income of the citizens through decentralization and the elimination of the boundaries between the big and small players of the industry. Similarly, [PERSON] and [PERSON] [45] argue that BC maintains equal opportunities for all actors of the tourism industry and develops an inclusive business environment, instead of a restricted and fragmented ecosystem. Indeed, [PERSON] et al. [46] argue that, through the decentralization of the processes and by making the digital-asset history immutable and transparent, BC minimizes the risk of fraud. Additionally, [PERSON] et al. [47], by using the example of the Russian Federation tourism sector, prove that governmental intervention and the use of BC is crucial for further development since, today, having only recreational resources in the country is not a guarantee of success in this sector. Furthermore, thanks to its transparent nature, BC implementation assists in the development and growth of regions and national economies by advancing local agrotourism. BC technology, thanks to its distributed and transparent nature, ensures the traceability of the product provenance [10; 48]. Therefore, it can benefit tourism that is related to wine and food tasting. Offering a local food and beverage with the certified quality and provenance, history, and traditions of the area certainly attracts tourists. In line with this, [PERSON] et al. [49] propose a BC-based system comprising smart contracts for tracking products in a transparent, reliable, and efficient way. The authors tested the proposed model in practice on the example of Sardinian (Italy) local food, and they illustrated the capacity of this technology for efficient information sharing, providing customers with the ability to obtain detailed information regarding the product, and verifying its provenance and characteristics. BC technology is increasingly used in the tourism sector for strategic and practical purposes [50]. Indeed, in the tourism industry, there are many examples of enhanced operational effectiveness, efficiencies, and profitability through BC technology application. [PERSON] et al. [51], in their work, discuss several successful applications of BC technology in the tourism sector and conclude that it enables secure, reliable, and efficient decentralized systems, without the need for intermediaries, and it leads to innovative ecosystems and conducive businesses. [PERSON] and [PERSON] [52] predict that combining BC technology with virtual reality and digital marketing will enlarge the impact of its application in the tourism industry, strengthen the advantages described above in this paragraph, and provide additional revenue. However, this tribe is in its early stage of development. [PERSON] and [PERSON] [33] claim that there is a limited number of studies and business cases regarding the impact of BC technology adoption in the tourism industry. However, the existing data permitted the authors to conclude that this technology positively influences the overall productivity of companies through the automatization of routine processes, the minimization of the risk of fraud, ensuring the security of the data, the better management of contracts, and the simplification of payment methods. The benefits of BC application in the tourism sector can be summarized as is shown in the following table (Table 2), which focuses on the main actors in the industry, on the specific repercussion that BC adoption brings to the identified stakeholder, and on the way of intervention, thereby achieving this result. The table was designed using the examples of previous academic works with similar methodology [53; 54].