## 5 Operational Descriptions of the Future Distribution Networks with the Sundom Smart Grid
### Energy Management Use Cases
#### 5.1.3 Energy Management Use Cases of the Intelligent Microgrid Network Phase  
In this phase, the different energy sectors are coupled, and they operate flexibly interlinked via different energy conversion devices; hence, the conversions of power-to-X-to-power are reality. The power system, the smart grid, is the backbone of the whole energy system [3; 91; 9]. The integration of various microgrids and optimizing their operation as a regional basis enables the electricity distribution networks to operate as a building block of the smart grids. In the intelligent microgrid networks, electricity and heating are managed and integrated, and the operation strategy can be chosen from the different operation modes [26; 92], such as economical, technical, and environmental. The central microgrid management system (CMMS) behaves as an energy retailer over several regional MMSs and CEMSs [13] and cooperates with the different aggregators and suppliers of energy. The CHP unit is connected to heat storage (HS), which acts as the seasonal heat storage [93]. The customer roles are like in the previous phases, but, increasingly, Strategic Partners appear. The strategic partners operate actively in the dynamically operated energy networks, meaning that the operating strategy can also be chosen in the strategic partners' premises. The customers' load types can be passive and dynamic (the smart and the frequency-controlled loads), like in the microgrid phase. Several independent aggregators can collect the customers' flexibility, in addition to the retailer-aggregator. There can be dedicated aggregator roles for the ASs such as a PV, a BESS, an EV, or an energy community aggregator. The HL-UCs are similar to the previous evolution phase, except that new actors are the strategic partners, the CMMS, and the various aggregators. In addition, new actors from the other energy systems are interlinked to the intelligent microgrid network for optimizing the operation of the whole energy system both in the normal operations and in the disturbance situations of the backbone or the power system. The studied HL-UCs for energy management of the LV and the MV distribution networks in the intelligent microgrid network phase are described in Table 5. Only the new events are presented compared to the previous, the microgrid phase. The HL-UCs for energy management of the MV distribution network in the intelligent microgrid network phase are presented in Figure 4, and they relate to the total energy system's HL-UCs, which could be:  
* Electricity conversion to heat: Power to heat (PtH) conversion is made in the electricity surplus situation or the low electricity price time. The excess heat is stored. * Electricity conversion to liquid: Power to liquid (PtL) conversion is made in the electricity surplus; the liquid is stored in liquid storage, and it can be used as fuel for a generator set (Genset). * Liquid conversion to electricity: Liquid to power (LtP) conversion is made in the case of electricity demand. The liquid(s) can be used as fuel for Gensets. Based on the load control HL-UC, the economic DR for load shifting by load curtailment PUC and the DR for peak shaving by load shedding PUC are applicable the same way as in the microgrid phase. Both of them are flexibilities that could be used in the base power markets, Nordpool's day-ahead and intraday markets, the TSO's balancing and reserve markets, and the DSO's local ASs. Overall, various PUCs of ASs could be developed in this evolution phase since a microgrid can be considered a dynamic load (and generation) reserve shaped in different voltage levels.