## 2 Materials and Methods
### Locations from Which Data Are Presented
WAO was one of 14 sites at which Thies LPMs ran as part of the Disdrometer Verification Network (DiVeN) project [111]. This site has an altitude of 16 m above sea level and is landward of a pebble beach. It has an open ocean fetch to the north and a clear view towards many of the major offshore \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Location** & & & & & **Instrument Type** & **Instrument Used for** & & **Weibull** & **Sampling** \\
**Label** & **Site** & **Latitude** & **Longitude** & **Used for Droplet** & **the Wind Speed** & **the Wind Speed** & **Distribution** & **Period from** \\
**Used Here** & & & & & **Measurements** & **(Height)** & **Parameters** & **Which Data Are** \\ \hline Canada coastal & WEICan, Canada & 47.035\({}^{\circ}\) N & 64.015\({}^{\circ}\) W & CSI PWCS100 & Cup anemometer (80 m AGL) & \(A\) = 10.3 ms\({}^{-1}\) & October 2018– \\  & Canada & 47.035\({}^{\circ}\) N & 64.015\({}^{\circ}\) W & CSI PWCS100 & (80 m AGL) & \(k\) = 2.001 & December 2020 \\ \hline Coastal UK & WAO, UK & 52.9433\({}^{\circ}\) N & 1.1414\({}^{\circ}\) E & Thies LPM & None & N/A & February 2017– \\  & & & & OTT Parsivel\({}^{2}\) & ERA5 reanalysis [124] & \(A\) = 6.7 ms\({}^{-1}\) & January 2016– \\  & & & & NORA hindcast [125] & \(A\) = 1.7 & December 2021 \\  & & & & MRR & 2D sonic anemometer (49 m ASL) & \(A\) = 7.0 ms\({}^{-1}\) & January 2010– \\  & & & & & (49 m ASL) & \(A\) = 4.0 ms\({}^{-1}\) & January 2016 \\  & & & & & & \(k\) = 2.0 & –December 2021 \\ \hline North Sea & Horns Rev, Denmark & 55.6\({}^{\circ}\) N & 7.59\({}^{\circ}\) E & OTT Parsivel\({}^{2}\) & None & N/A & December 2018– \\ \hline Denmark inland & DTU, Denmark & 55.693\({}^{\circ}\) N & 12.1\({}^{\circ}\) E & OTT Parsivel\({}^{2}\) & Cup anemometer (94 m AGL) & \(A\) = 8.0 ms\({}^{-1}\) & June 2019– \\  & & & & & (94 m AGL) & \(k\) = 2.4 & December 2021 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 1: \(Cont.\)wind farms operating in the western North Sea around the coast of East Anglia. The closest offshore wind farms are; Sheringham Shoals, a 317 MW installation 17-23 km north of the north Norfolk coast, and Race Bank, a 573 MW installation approximately 27 km north-northwest of Weybourne. No in situ or remote sensing wind speeds are presented from this location due to a lack of availability of well-documented, traceable measurements at/close to wind turbine hub-height. 4. Norway coastal: The Geophysical Institute at the University of Bergen on the west coast of Norway. The RR and DSD presented here are from a METEK MRR [117; 133] operated on a building rooftop (39 m above sea-level (ASL)), and an OTT Parsivel\({}^{2}\). Wind speeds are observed using a 2D sonic anemometer on a co-located 10 m mast (49 m ASL). The offshore waters along the west coast of Norway have large wind resources. When commissioned the 94.6 MW Hywind Tampen floating offshore wind farm (140 km from the Norwegian coast and northwest of Bergen) will be the largest floating wind farm in the world [134]. 5. North Sea: Horns Rev2 offshore wind farm off the west coast of Denmark in the North Sea. RR and DSD data are from an OTT Parsivel\({}^{2}\) deployed at a height of 22 m ASL. The Horns Rev offshore wind farm comprises three wind turbine clusters; Horns Rev 1 (160 MW), Horns Rev 2 (209 MW) and Horns Rev 3 (407 MW) located approximately 30 km from the Danish west coast. No wind speed measurements are presented from this location since they are deemed commercially sensitive. 6. Denmark: The Risoe campus of the Danish Technical University (DTU) near Roskilde in Denmark. Denmark was an early adopter of wind technologies and has nearly 6000 wind turbines deployed onshore [135] and nearly 2 GW of offshore installed capacity [79]. The RR and DSD reported herein derive from OTT Parsivel\({}^{2}\) instruments recorded with 1 min and 10 min averaging.