# Challenges of Using Blockchain in the Education Sector: A Literature Review
## 3 Results
### Challenge 11: The Market and Ecosystem Readiness  
Two articles [11; 25] reported the market and ecosystem readiness as a challenge. There is a lack of awareness, education, and understanding among external stakeholders (governments, academics, and industries) about the advantages and the use of blockchain [76]. The authors of [76] emphasize the importance of training external stakeholders on the possibilities of blockchain for economic and social development, to adopt appropriate innovations, and attract new customers. There is a gap concerning how and where a blockchain can be used efficiently, as well as its actual consequences and benefits, which needs substantial ecosystem stakeholder education [76]. Knowledge about blockchain technology's business models, technological features, and governance is necessary not just for a broader understanding of the technology but also for its usage [76; 77; 78; 79].  
[PERSON] [11] evaluates the market acceptance of blockchain in education solutions by examining the perceptions of potential stakeholders (e.g., governance stakeholders in educational institutions, as well as governments) and the major actors who may affect the adoption of such solutions. The findings are based on available research, as well as interviews with higher-education institutions [11]. Several educational institutions are still hesitant to accept blockchain technology. The lack of necessary information and abilities on how to manage educators' data on a blockchain network could be one of the causes for this reluctance. [PERSON] [11] argued that joining the Digital Credentials Consortium was driven by a desire to improve the university's governance and the staff's poor understanding of how to successfully adopt and maintain such technological innovation in the long term. Therefore, creating awareness and training academic governance authorities on the benefits, deployment, and management of blockchain solutions is an essential step in boosting market adoption in higher education around the world [11].  
[PERSON] [11] argued that the government is another crucial player that might have a great impact on blockchain adoption in the education sector. In countries such as India, around 20 million university students are annually excluded because the traditional higher-education system cannot meet demand [11]. As a result, open education online is an important and affordable option for individuals who are thus excluded [25]. However, the formal accreditation of competencies by employers is a major difficulty with online education. Traditional degrees are valued by employers over online qualifications and other informal educational approaches. In this situation, blockchain credentialing can increase trust among all the parties involved by confirming the legitimacy of certificates obtained using non-traditional educational approaches [25]. Therefore, the government might be a crucial partner in helping blockchain credentials providers to produce credible solutions [25]. In this context, it is worth highlighting that the large-scale adoption of blockchain technology in education may be easier to achieve via collaborations with government and other educational institutions' governance stakeholders [11]. These concerns demonstrate that several stakeholders (governments, academics, and industries) must work together and overcome different problems (lack of incentives, financing, and expertise) to enable the successful and long-term integration of blockchain technology in education [11].