## 5 Experiment Results
### Effect of Stressors' Condition on Physiological Responses and Near-Miss Recognition Performance
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Parameter** & **Condition** & **Mean** & **Std. Deviation** & \
\begin{tabular}{c} **Test Statistics** \\ **(t-Value)** \\ \end{tabular} &
\begin{tabular}{c} **Significance** \\ **(\(p\)-Value)** \\ \end{tabular} \\ \hline HR\({}_{\rm T}\) (Stressor & Baseline & 75.510 & 12.195 & - & - \\ Task + Eye & vs. Mental Stress & 80.683 & 11.998 & \(-\)3.991 & 0.000 * \\ Tracking) & vs. Auditory Stress & 76.211 & 10.996 & \(-\)0.529 & 0.600 \\ \hline HR\({}_{\rm S}\) (Stressor & Baseline & 75.740 & 12.448 & - & - \\ Task) & vs. Mental Stress & 83.465 & 12.251 & \(-\)5.727 & 0.000 * \\ vs. Auditory Stress & 76.200 & 11.015 & \(-\)0.316 & 0.754 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular} Note: \(t\)-value statistics from paired sample \(t\)-test, * \(p\)-value \(<\) 0.05.  
\end{table} 
Table 3: Individual’s segmented HR measurement across different stressor conditions. In the case of adaptability in recognizing near-misses, the time to first fixation decreased from baseline to mental stress condition (TFF\({}_{\text{Baseline}}\) = 1.590, TFF\({}_{\text{Mental Stress}}\) = 1.073) and from baseline to auditory stress condition (TFF\({}_{\text{Baseline}}\) = 1.590, TFF\({}_{\text{Auditory Stress}}\) = 1.392). Results from the analysis demonstrated no statistically significant difference in time to first fixation between baseline and auditory stress condition (T-statistics = \(-\)0.127; \(p\)-value = 0.899 \(>\) 0.05). However, a statistically significant difference exists for time to first fixation between baseline and mental stress condition (T-statistics = \(-\)3.214; \(p\)-value = 0.001 \(<\) 0.05). These results suggest that workplace stressors (mental and auditory) had a negative effect on participants' ability to recognize near-misses efficiently. Compared to stressor conditions, mental stress conditions have a larger effect on participants as they decrease visual attention and adaptability levels, showcasing a decreasing trend in fixation duration and time to first fixation. The auditory stress condition also reduced participants' visual attention (fixation duration) in recognizing near-misses by approximately 47%, but no significant difference was observed in adaptation level (time to first fixation). \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Parameter** & **Condition** & **Mean** & **Std. Deviation** & **Test Statistics (Z)** & **Significance** \\  & & & & & **(\(p\)-Value)** \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{Fixation duration (FD)} & Baseline & 2.586 & 2.340 & - & - \\  & vs. Mental Stress & 1.904 & 2.346 & \(-\)4.061 & 0.000 * \\  & vs. Auditory Stress & 1.376 & 1.387 & \(-\)7.527 & 0.000 * \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{Time to first fixation (TFF)} & Baseline & 1.590 & 2.340 & - & - \\  & vs. Mental Stress & 1.073 & 1.666 & \(-\)3.214 & 0.001 * \\ \cline{1-1}  & vs. Auditory Stress & 1.392 & 1.949 & \(-\)0.127 & 0.899 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular} Note: Z-Test statistics from Wilcoxon signed ranks test, * \(p\)-value \(<\) 0.05.  
\end{table} 
Table 4: Variation in fixation duration and time to first fixation across different stressor conditions. Figure 12: Box plot (fixation duration and time to first fixation vs. stressor condition): 1—baseline (no stress), 2—mental stress, and 3—auditory stress. Changes in Physiological Responses During Near-Miss Recognition Tasks in Different Stress Conditions  
To further examine the effect of stressor conditions on participants' physiological responses during near-miss recognition eye-tracking tasks, the analysis considered changes in participants' EDR and HR parameters across the recognized near-miss AOIs. Specifically, EDR and HR values for each participant were mapped across all fatal four AOIs using timestamp data from wearable sensors and eye-tracking devices. This process was conducted for each participant for each condition and then averaged among all participants for analysis.