# The Impact of 6G-IoT Technologies on the Development of Agriculture 5.0: A Review
## 3 6G-IoT: New Technologies and Emerging Services
### Anticipated Advancements in 6G Services: umMTC and eRLLC  
In order to support massive Machine-Type Communication (mMTC), Ultra-Reliable Low-Latency Communication (URLLC), and enhanced Mobile Broadband (eMBB) in 5G systems, the 3 rd Generation Partnership Project (3 GPP) has standardized a number of technical advancements, starting with release 16's 5G New Radio (NR) deployments [93; 94]. It is anticipated that after release 17, subsequent releases (releases 18, 19, and 20) will provide significant technological advances toward 5G Advanced and 6G. Specifically, 3 GPP Release 17 targets existing use cases, such as mobile broadband and industrial automation, and aims to improve 5G system performance by enabling new use cases and providing ubiquitous connectivity for a variety of use case scenarios. Releases 18, 19, and 20 will usher in the era of 5G Advanced, where artificial intelligence, augmented reality, and NTN integration will be further enhanced [47]. Thus, the prerequisites for the creation of the next generation of networks will be satisfied, and it is predicted that the initial specifications for 6G networks will be released in 2027 [65; 95].  
It is anticipated that 5G network services focused on massive connectivity and reliable low-latency communication, especially in IoT environments, will continue to advance along this path of technological innovation. Therefore, it is anticipated that mMTC and URLLC services will evolve into umMTC (ultra-massive Machine-Type Communication) and eRLLC (extremely Reliable Low-Latency Communication), respectively [54; 77; 96]. Regarding umMTC, it is expected that it will be capable of supporting a density of over one million IoT connections per square kilometer. Given the exponential growth of IoT connections in industrial complexes, smart city environments, as well as semi-urban and remote rural areas, it is predicted that numerous umMTC services will emerge, although their characteristics (e.g., bulk, critical, scalable, and zero-energy MTC) and consequently their requirements will vary considerably [97]. 6G will also enable the use of eRLLC services in a significant range of Industry 4.0 and beyond applications, including the ubiquitous use of robots, UAVs, and new Human-Machine Interfaces (HMIs) in manufacturing and autonomous driving, as well as in next-generation agriculture [38].  
As shown in Table 1, which compares the characteristics of 5G-IoT and 6G-IoT, it is anticipated that 6G-IoT will provide a significant increase in throughput and a corresponding decrease in latency.  
In addition, a quite substantial improvement in energy and spectrum efficiency is anticipated. It is also projected that network coverage will expand to 99% on a worldwide scale, which can be attributed to the full integration of terrestrial and non-terrestrial networks. A tenfold rise in the density of connected devices per square kilometer is also expected, while at the same time edge network devices will support pervasive AI services [55].  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c} \hline \hline
**Requirements** & **5G-IoT** & **6G-IoT** \\ \hline Throughput (Gbps) & 20 & 100 \\ Latency (ms) & 1 & [0.01–0.1] \\ Energy Efficiency & \(\times\)1000 of 4G & \(\times\)10 of 5G \\ Network Coverage (global \%) & 70 & 99 \\ Spectral Efficiency (\(\mathrm{bps/Hz}\)) & 30 & 100 \\ Massive Connectivity & \(10^{6}\) & \(10^{7}\) \\ (devices/\(\mathrm{km}^{2}\)) & Partially & Fully (Satellites \& UAVs) \\ AI & Partially & Fully \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}
Table 1: Comparison between the 5G-IoT and 6G-IoT requirements.