## 3 Results  
Larger maximum (\(p\) = 0.029, d = 0.727), minimum (\(p\) < 0.001, d = 3.51), and ROM (\(p\) < 0.001, d = 3.57) were observed for HFgait compared to cycling in the hip sagittal plane. For the hip frontal plane, larger maximum (\(p\) < 0.001, d = 3.3) and ROM (\(p\) < 0.001, d = 1.42) were observed for HFgait compared to cycling; minimum hip frontal plane motion was larger for cycling compared to HFgait (\(p\) = 0.008, d = 0.93). Hip transverse plane ROM was larger for HFgait (\(p\) = 0.041, d = 0.67). Larger minimum (\(p\) < 0.001, d = 2.77) and ROM (\(p\) < 0.001, d = 1.91) were observed for HFgait compared to cycling in the knee sagittal plane. For the knee frontal plane, larger maximum (\(p\) = 0.007, d = 0.96), minimum (\(p\) = 0.008, d = 0.93) and ROM (\(p\) < 0.001, d = 1.50) were observed for HFgait compared to cycling. Knee transverse plane minimum (\(p\) = 0.004, d = 1.1) and ROM (\(p\) = 0.003, d = 1.1) were larger for HFgait. Larger maximum (\(p\) = 0.013, d = 0.86) and ROM (\(p\) = 0.012, d = 0.86) were observed for HFgait compared to cycling in the ankle sagittal plane. For the ankle frontal plane, larger maximum (\(p\) < 0.001, d = 1.7), minimum (\(p\) = 0.018, d = 0.80) and ROM (\(p\) < 0.001, d = 2.1) were observed for HFgait compared to cycling. Knee transverse plane maximum (\(p\) = 0.040, d = 0.67), minimum (\(p\) = 0.039, d = 0.67) and ROM (\(p\) < 0.001, d = 1.5) were larger for HFgait (Table 1). Differences were detected between HFgait and cycling for both the original and POR waveforms for all joints. For the hip, differences were observed in the sagittal plane (original: 85%; with POR: 77%), frontal plane (original: 93%; with POR: 98%), and transverse plane (original: 66%; with POR: 0%) (Figure 2). For the knee, differences were observed in the sagittal plane (original: 93%; with POR: 76%), frontal plane (original: 41%; with POR: 12%), and transverse plane (original: 14%; with POR: 0%) (Figure 3). For the ankle, differences were observed in the sagittal plane (original: 14%; with POR: 14%), frontal plane (original: 4%; with POR: 5%), and transverse plane (original: 3%; with POR: 0%) (Figure 4). \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{l l l l l} \hline
**Joint** & **Plane** & **Variable** & **HFgait** & **Cycling** \\ \hline \multirow{6}{*}{Hip} & & Max & \(96.8\pm 13.8\)* & \(82.3\pm 11.8\)* \\  & & Min & \(-9.1\pm 9.2\)* & \(36.6\pm 11.5\)* \\  & & ROM & \(105.9\pm 14.6\)* & \(45.7\pm 4.9\)* \\ \cline{2-5}  & & Max & \(5.3\pm 4.6\)* & \(-6.1\pm 2.8\)* \\  & & Min & \(-5.8\pm 4.4\)* & \(-10.3\pm 3.1\)* \\  & & ROM & \(11.1\pm 3.9\)* & \(4.1\pm 1.6\)* \\ \cline{2-5}  & & Max & \(17.9\pm 3.5\) & \(12.6\pm 7.0\) \\  & & Min & \(-4.5\pm 4.1\) & \(-4.1\pm 5.0\) \\  & & ROM & \(22.3\pm 4.6\)* & \(16.7\pm 5.1\)* \\ \hline \multirow{6}{*}{Knee} & & Max & \(118.6\pm 15.1\) & \(1109.6\pm 6.4\) \\  & & Min & \(5.5\pm 7.6\)* & \(36.1\pm 18.1\)* \\  & & ROM & \(113.0\pm 17.8\)* & \(74.8\pm 7.2\)* \\ \cline{2-5}  & & Max & \(17.4\pm 7.7\)* & \(9.7\pm 6.2\)* \\  & & Min & \(-16.4\pm 4.1\)* & \(2.4\pm 5.4\)* \\  & & ROM & \(19.0\pm 7.1\)* & \(7.3\pm 2.7\)* \\ \cline{2-5}  & & Max & \(19.7\pm 12.7\) & \(11.6\pm 8.3\) \\  & & Min & \(-11.6\pm 6.8\)* & \(-3.7\pm 5.2\)* \\  & & ROM & \(31.3\pm 12.9\)* & \(15.3\pm 6.4\)* \\ \hline \multirow{6}{*}{Ankle} & & Max & \(18.4\pm 9.0\)* & \(8.6\pm 8.0\)* \\  & & Min & \(-9.7\pm 5.8\) & \(-9.0\pm 8.7\) \\  & & ROM & \(28.2\pm 11.2\)* & \(17.6\pm 6.4\)* \\ \cline{2-5}  & & Max & \(8.2\pm 5.8\)* & \(0.25\pm 5.0\)* \\ \cline{2-5}  & & Min & \(-8.3\pm 30\)* & \(-4.2\pm 5.2\)* \\ \cline{2-5}  & & ROM & \(16.5\pm 5.4\)* & \(4.4\pm 1.2\)* \\ \cline{2-5}  & & Max & \(7.6\pm 5.2\)* & \(4.5\pm 6.5\)* \\ \cline{2-5}  & & Min & \(-5.4\pm 3.9\)* & \(-0.63\pm 6.5\)* \\ \cline{2-5}  & & ROM & \(12.9\pm 5.1\)* & \(5.1\pm 2.0\)* \\ \hline \end{tabular}  
* indicates level of statistical significance \(p<0.05\).  
\end{table}