# Blockchain-Based Cloud-Enabled Security Monitoring Using Internet of Things in Smart Agriculture
## 3 Related Work  
In this section, the relevant state of the art is discussed and it is highlighted how our contributions are important in comparison with the existing works. The authors of [35] implemented a smart contract based on soil- and climate-condition monitoring metrics in smart agriculture. However, a detailed smart-contract implementation are not provided. Moreover, the real-time experiments sensing the agricultural conditions and testing the proposed smart-contract-based metric monitoring are not performed. Ref. [36] discussed Ethereum blockchain-based smart-agriculture supply-chain data solutions. The authors monitored the agriculture sensor data using Ethereum. However, the solution did not mention data storage usage in the cloud. Ref. [37] performed a proof of concept for implementing the Ethereum blockchain solution to store agriculture sensor details. However, the performance of the implemented solution is not determined in their work. Realistic test experiments by setting the sensor devices are also not performed. [PERSON] et al. [38] proposed AgriBlockIoT, a blockchain-based solution for agriculture food supply-chain management. The Ethereum and hyper ledger blockchain-based implementation is performed to store the Agriculture IoT device's data. The authors showed that the Hyperledger latency is much lower than the Ethereum network latency. However, the end-to-end implementation of the Agriculture blockchain, including enabling the sensors to send data in real time, is missing. Additionally, the message network latency to update the transactions in the blockchain is higher. We address those issues and implemented a more realistic blockchain-based solution to send the sensor alert data as a transaction in blockchain. The authors of [39] designed a smart-contract-based IoT device-to-device and device-to-gateway authentication mechanism in smart agriculture. The block is formed by the edge server deployed in the IoT environment. The blockchain nodes in the cloud perform the consensus mechanism and add the blocks to the blockchain. A hybrid blockchain hyperledger-sawtooth platform simulates the author's proposed method. Although blockchain and cloud technologies are involved in the author's work, the main focus of their work is on the design of IoT device authentication mechanisms. On the other hand, we focused on monitoring smart agriculture environmental conditions using cloud and blockchain technologies. We implemented an end-to-end production level Ethereum smart-contract solution. Table 1 compares our work with the prior works using cloud or blockchain technology in smart agriculture. Table 1 shows that prior works either focused on proposing cloud-based smart-agriculture methods or blockchain-based smart-agriculture methods. Cloud-based solutions are required to store sensitive information such as farmer data and environmental-conditions data in the cloud. Securing cloud storage is challenging, as the data is stored in databases or object-based storage solutions. Blockchain-based solutions require decentralized storage, and an agriculture data processing module is necessary to perform the operations on data. A decentralized solution alone is not sufficient to realize the full capabilities of IoT security monitoring using data anomalies. Additionally, none of those prior works implemented end-to-end smart-agriculture monitoring solutions to perform the experiments and evaluate performance and application capabilities. Our work is inspired by the lack of cloud- and blockchain-based solutions for monitoring the smart agriculture environment, whose implementation is realistic while ensuring security when data is processed and stored in the implementation prototype.