# Probabilistic Seismic Hazard Assessment for United Arab Emirates, Qatar and Bahrain
## 3 The Earthquake Catalog  
An updated Poissonian earthquake catalog [52; 53; 54] as well as a better understanding of the seismotectonic setting in the region under study constitute the fundamental basis to define a reliable and representative seismic source model, which is the first crucial element in order to perform a reliable PSHA. In the current research, a new catalog from the available original data sources was compiled. Thus, a unified catalog in terms of m (spatial extent between 47\({}^{\circ}\) and 66\({}^{\circ}\) E longitudes, and between 21\({}^{\circ}\) and 31\({}^{\circ}\) N latitudes), and spanning the time period from 685 to 2019 has been assembled and published by [PERSON] et al. [2,6]. For its compilation, several published papers, bulletins, and data sources were considered (e.g., published papers [17; 19; 52; 53; 54; 55], the International Seismological Center (ISC) bulletin [56], the global instrumental ISC-GEM catalog [57], the EHB catalog [58], the International Institute of Earthquake Engineering and Seismology and the Iranian Seismological Center [59], the 2014 Seismic Hazard Model for the Middle East \"EMME-SHM14\" database [60; 61] and the United States Geological Survey (USGS) bulletin [62]). During the merging process, it was necessary to avoid any possible duplication for earthquake records from different catalog sources. Differences in origin time less than one minute, and in coordinates less than one degree, have been identified. Such records have been manually examined and the duplicated events were removed. Initial compiled magnitude sizes were described by several scales (surface-wave \"Ms\", body-wave \"m\({}_{\text{p}}\)\", local \"M\({}_{\text{L}}\) and M\({}_{\text{N}}\)\", and moment \"Mw\" magnitudes). [PERSON] et al. [2,6] applied some magnitude conversion scaling relationships (Equations (1)-(5)) to unity the recorded magnitudes into moment magnitude. Some of these relationships were developed originally by [PERSON] et al. [52] for Central Iran and Zagros regions.  
\[M_{w}=0.611(\pm 0.010)M_{\text{s}}+2.314(\pm 0.047)\cdot\ldots\cdot\text{''M_{s}}<6.1 \text{''} \tag{1}\]  
\[M_{w}=0.949(\pm 0.029)M_{\text{s}}+0.243(\pm 0.192)\cdot\ldots\cdot\text{''M_{s}} \geq 6.1\text{''} \tag{2}\]  
\[M_{w}=1.030(\pm 0.017)m_{b}-0.057(\pm 0.082) \tag{3}\]\[M_{w} = 0.763(\pm 0.029)M_{L}+1.355(\pm 0.142) \tag{4}\] \[M_{w} = 0.834(\pm 0.028)M_{N}+0.932(\pm 0.143) \tag{5}\]  
As a following step to remove any dependent (non-Poissonian) earthquake such as foreshocks, aftershocks or earthquake swarms, the authors applied the Gardner and Knopoff [63] procedure to identify those dependent earthquakes. Finally, the completeness of the obtained catalog (Figure 1) has been analyzed, for different magnitude ranges, by plotting the cumulative number of earthquakes above a specific magnitude. Different completeness periods, with different activity rates, have been obtained for both shallow-depth (\(\leq\)35 km) and intermediate-depth (\(>\)35 km) earthquakes. For instance, the catalog for shallow earthquakes was found to be complete for magnitudes above Mw 5.0 and 6.0 since 1945 and 1920, respectively. However, the intermediate-depth events catalog was found to be complete, for the same previous magnitude sizes, only since 1995 and 1975, respectively (for more details, refer to [PERSON] et al.) [2; 6].