## 5 Summary and Conclusions  
Our study aimed to develop an optical module capable of higher AVT while using small-sized Si PV cells for electricity generation. We proposed an optical system comprising a thin cylindrical Fresnel lens (CFL) array plate and a compact lightguide plate. Considering the ideal optical module design proposed in this study, the module transmittance and light concentration efficiency at the CCPC end surface were \(55\%\) and \(30\%\), respectively, under DNI conditions (\(\alpha=0^{\circ}\) and \(\beta=0^{\circ}\)). The module transmittance increased as the \(\alpha\) rotation angle increased, but when \(1\,\alpha\mid\) exceeded \(25^{\circ}\), the reflectance at the module incident surface increased, leading to a decrease in transmittance. The concentration efficiency at the CCPC end face was over \(28\%\) in the \(1\,\alpha\mid <15^{\circ}\) region, but when \(1\,\alpha\mid\) exceeded \(15^{\circ}\), the concentration efficiency decreased sharply. Through the simulation considering major experimental conditions such as illuminating device, fabrication, and assembly error of the optical module, and CCPC end to Si PV cell encapsulating condition, it was found that the light concentration efficiency to the Si PV incident surface decreased by approximately \(8\%\) in the \(1\,\alpha\mid <15^{\circ}\) region compared to the ideal optical module. The maximum light concentration efficiency to the Si PV incident surface is about \(22\%\) under the DNI conditions. Through experiments, the through-module transmittance and the generated power efficiency for \(\alpha\) and \(\beta\) rotations were reviewed. While the through-module transmittance showed very similar rotation-dependent tendency and transmittance to the analysis results, the generated power efficiency showed approximately \(54\%\) of the calculated light concentration efficiency. These discrepancies were attributed to imperfect modeling of the applied illumination device, the shape of the proto-optical module, and assembly errors in attaching PV cells to the CCPC end surface. However, the rotation-dependent tendency of the generated power closely matched the analysis results. Therefore, we concluded that the functional characteristics of the proposed optical module were sufficiently validated. The optical module proposed in this study is expected to have various positive effects contributing to the solar industry as a technology that enables both crop cultivation and solar power generation using solar energy. First, it is anticipated to positively impact food production by efficiently utilizing limited land resources to increase agricultural productivity. Moreover, an integrated system combining solar power generation and farming is expected to promote the establishment of sustainable agricultural management models and contribute to environmental protection. Additionally, the proposed technology is expected to promote diversification and innovation in the solar power generation industry, enhancing industrial competitiveness and contributing to the expansion of the renewable energy market. Overall, the results of this study suggest the possibility of opening up a more sustainable and efficient future through the integration of agriculture and energy industries. **Author Contributions:** Conceptualization, B.-W.K. and W.-C.K. ; methodology, B.-W.K. and B.-H.S. ; investigation, J.J. and S.-W.L. ; data curation, Y.-J.K., H.-S.S. and K.-J.K.; writing, J.J. and W.-C.K. ; visualization, B.-H.S. and S.-W.L. ; supervision, W.-C.K. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript. **Funding:** This work was supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) grant funded by the Korean government (MSIT) (RS-2023-00250444). **Institutional Review Board Statement:** Not applicable. **Informed Consent Statement:** Not applicable. **Data Availability Statement:** The raw data supporting the conclusions of this article will be made available by the authors on request.