## 2 Background  
### Asphal Concrete Pavement Monitoring System  
The application of monitoring technology in asphalt concrete pavement construction can effectively improve the quality of asphalt pavement [15]. Indeed, scholars have studied the application from different perspectives. [PERSON], [PERSON], and other scholars developed an asphalt mixture dynamic quality monitoring system to monitor the asphalt mixture production process [9]. [PERSON], [PERSON], and other scholars researched the compaction degree of asphalt pavement and proposed a real-time monitoring system to monitor and control the compaction degree of the pavement [16], thereby improving the quality of pavement compaction. [PERSON], [PERSON] et al. proposed a real-time monitoring system to monitor and control the compaction degree of the pavement and verified the theoretical feasibility of the system [17]. However, although the above studies designed a monitoring system to improve road quality, such monitoring systems still have certain problems, such as low information feedback efficiency and insufficient monitoring range. [PERSON] and [PERSON] researched this aspect and developed a CMS (content management system). The system uses the latest global positioning system (GPS) and various sensors to ensure that the monitored asphalt range is large enough. The new system can be quickly installed on the road roller and the system can display real-time displays. The compaction efficiency, compaction times, and compaction temperature provide fast and accurate information for the staff, and the collected data are stored in the database for post-processing analysis and evaluation [18]. Compared with the previous compaction monitoring system, this approach represents a significant improvement.  
In other work, [PERSON] et al. combined intelligent compaction technology, PMTP (paver mounted thermal profiling), and a global satellite navigation system to develop an asphalt pavement monitoring system to monitor the paving and compaction stages in real time, and make appropriate adjustments according to the actual situation [19]. Whereas [PERSON] and [PERSON] [14] developed an asphalt pavement monitoring system that is mainly responsible for monitoring the production, compaction, and paving operation stages of hot mix asphalt. The system can automatically collect and transmit data, and provide feedback to the construction site to monitor and control the construction quality of asphalt pavement in real time. This approach to monitoring systems has further improved the quality of asphalt pavement monitoring. Moreover, the number of monitoring stages has been increased from two or three, and the monitoring range is wider, which provides a reliable guarantee for the construction of asphalt pavement. However, the construction of asphalt pavement is complex, and all the stages of asphalt mixture from production, mixing, transportation, and paving to rolling are equally important.  
In the production stage, problems with the proportion of mixtures directly affect the subsequent stages, and eventually impact the quality of asphalt pavement [20]. In the stages of mixture mixing and transportation, if certain factors such as asphalt weight, transportation route, and mixture temperature present problems or reach the threshold, such incidents will directly cause the construction quality to fail to meet the required standard and affect the overall pavement construction process [21]. Further, it has previously been identified that the application of monitoring technology in asphalt concrete pavement construction can effectively improve the quality of asphalt pavement [9].