## 3 Results and Discussion
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c} \hline \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**Cereal/Cultivar**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Caryopsis/Sand Treatment**} & **RootLength** & **ShooftHeight** \\ \cline{2-5}  & **Chloroform** & **Pathogen** & **[cm] a** & **[cm] a** \\ \hline \multirow{5}{*}{Rye/DarkowskieZlote} & \(-\) & \(-\) & 3.59 \(\pm\) 1.61 a & 8.42 \(\pm\) 2.47 a \\  & + & \(-\) & 2.96 \(\pm\) 1.25 a & 7.47 \(\pm\) 1.93 a \\  & \(-\) & _R. solani_ F93 & 1.39 \(\pm\) 0.23 b & 1.69 \(\pm\) 0.87 b \\  & + & _R. solani_ F93 & 1.39 \(\pm\) 0.38 b & 1.53 \(\pm\) 0.53 b \\  & \(-\) & _F. culmorum_ F1 & 1.45 \(\pm\) 0.22 b & 3.13 \(\pm\) 1.54 b \\  & + & _F. culmorum_ F1 & 1.19 \(\pm\) 0.34 b & 2.59 \(\pm\)1.21 b \\ \hline \multirow{5}{*}{Wheat/Kobra} & \(-\) & \(-\) & 5.68 \(\pm\) 0.74 a & 13.17 \(\pm\) 3.45 a \\  & + & \(-\) & 5.95 \(\pm\) 1.18 a & 13.87 \(\pm\) 1.13 a \\ \cline{1-1}  & \(-\) & _R. solani_ F93 & 4.31 \(\pm\) 0.63 b & 12.74 \(\pm\) 1.88 a \\ \cline{1-1}  & + & _R. solani_ F93 & 4.37 \(\pm\) 0.93 b & 10.68 \(\pm\) 1.62 b \\ \cline{1-1}  & \(-\) & _F. culmorum_ F1 & 0.43 \(\pm\) 0.22 c & 3.15 \(\pm\) 0.61 c \\ \cline{1-1}  & + & _F. culmorum_ F1 & 0.47 \(\pm\) 0.25 c & 3.16 \(\pm\) 1.06 c \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 2: The effect of chloroform treatment of rye and wheat cryopses on the development of their seedlings in the presence of fungal pathogens. phenomenon manifested itself in significant shortening of both root and coleoptile lengths. Interestingly, each of the cultivars reacted in this manner solely after treatment with the less pathogenic strain of _R. solani_. Strain F92 more effectively inhibited the elongation of Scarlett shoots than the root system, by 40.17 and 27.44%, respectively. In the case of the other cultivar, decreases in the length of both estimated parts of barley seedlings affected by strain F93 were very similar (12.67 and 10.21%). The fact that grains of this cultivar contain a lower amount of resecncinolic lipids than grains of the Rabel cultivar was likely responsible for this result [14]. In turn, the lack of the surface 5-_n_-alk(en)lyresocnions did not increase the inhibition of barley seedling growth when the more pathogenic strain was applied. In summary, it is well known that _R. solani_ is harmful to plant growth. Damping-off, either pre- or post-emergence, is a common disease of seeds and seedlings of many plants. Furthermore, woody species, including conifers and broad-leaved plants, can be attacked by this pathogen [28; 34]. Furthermore, Rhizotonia stunt affects mainly barley, which is much more susceptible to this disease than other cereals [28]. The genetic variations between malting (Scarlett) and fodder (Rabel) cultivars, including 5-_n_-alk(en)lyresocnionI content in their grains, and consequently, their various in-born susceptibility to fungal diseases, seem to be responsible for our results. It is worth emphasizing that no other symptoms of plant disease on barley seedlings were observed. One of the most aggressive pathogens for cereals, especially for wheat, is _F. culmorum_[29]. This fungus can cause seedling blight, foot rot, ear blight, stalk rot, common root rot, and other diseases of monocot and dicot plants [28]. It was observable that wheat plants were markedly more susceptible to the harmful activity of the _F. culmorum_ Flstrain than the _R. solani_F93 strain. Compared to the control samples, _F. culmorum_ significantly reduced the lengths of both their root systems and coleoptiles by 92.43 and 76.08%, respectively, and _R. solani_ reduced only the root growth by 24.12% (Table 2). Interestingly, the chemical removal of wheat caryopsis waxes did not markedly change the adverse effects of _F. culmorum_ on whole plants, whereas, in the case of _R. solani_, the shoots of seedlings that originated from wax-improversished caryopses of wheat were significantly shorter, by 16.17%,than coleoptiles grown from grains untreated with chloroform (Table 2).