###### Abstract  
Carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4) are the two major radiative forcing factors of greenhouse gases. In this study, surface and column mole fractions of CO2 and CH4 were first measured at a desert site in Dunhuang, west China. The average column mole fractions of CO2 (XCO2) and CH4 (XCH4) were 413.00 \(\pm\) 1.09 ppm and 1876 \(\pm\) 6 ppb, respectively, which were 0.90 ppm and 72 ppb lower than their surface values. Diurnal XCO2 showed a sinusoidal mode, while XCH4 appeared as a unimodal distribution. Ground observed XCO2 and XCH4 were compared with international satellites, such as GOSAT-2, OCO-2, OCO-3, and Sentinel-5P. The differences between satellites and EM27/SUN observations were 0.26% for XCO2 and \(-\)0.38% for XCH4 suggesting a good consistency between different satellites and ground observations in desert regions in China. Hourly XCO2 was close to surface CO2 mole fractions, but XCH4 appeared to have a large gap with CH4, probably because of the additional chemical removals of CH4 in the upper atmosphere. It is necessary to carry out a long-term observation of column mole fractions of greenhouse gases in the future to obtain their temporal distributions as well as the differences between satellites and ground observations. g 2022 20  
is stored in the atmosphere causing global average methane mole fractions to increase from 1787.00 ppb in 2008 to 1849.67 ppb in 2017 [6]. There are several networks in the world observing the mole fractions of GHGs and their trends including the Global Atmosphere Watch (GAW) program of the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) [4], satellite constellations [7; 8; 9], the Total Carbon Column Observing Network (TCCON) [10], and the Collaborative Carbon Column Observing Network (COCCON) [11; 12]. Long-term observation of surface atmospheric CO\({}_{2}\) was first started at the Mauna Loa Observatory (MLO) in 1958 by [PERSON] and provided direct evidence of an increase in CO\({}_{2}\) mole fractions [1; 13; 14]. After that, long-term observations are conducted around the world at other Atmospheric Baseline Observatories (e.g., South Pole, American Samoa, Barrow (Alaska, USA)) and other global and regional background observatories like Jungfraujoch in Europe and Mt. Waliguan in Asia. Along with the improvement of observation technology, the observation of GHGs has been extended from the surface to total column dry mole fractions. Satellites observe column-averaged dry-air CO\({}_{2}\) and CH\({}_{4}\) mole fractions (XCO\({}_{2}\) and XCH\({}_{4}\)) from space mainly using sunlight in the sun-synchronous orbit (SSO) (e.g., GOSAT, GOSAT-2, OCO-2, TanSat, CO2M, etc. ), or in the international space station (ISS) (e.g., OCO-3) or geosynchronous (GEO) orbit (e.g., GeoCarb) [9], as well as using LIDAR technology on upcoming DQ-1 satellite [15]. TCCON is conducting high-precision XCO\({}_{2}\) and XCH\({}_{4}\) observations with more than 20 global sites using ground-based Fourier transform spectrometers (Bruker IFS125), providing an ideal validation dataset for satellite- and model-retrieved column mole fractions [7; 16; 17; 18; 19; 20]. However, the instrumentation used in TCCON is expensive and requires expert maintenance; the portable Bruker EM27/SUN FTIR spectrometer provides a mobile, easy-to-deploy, and low-cost complement to obtain more observations in different underlying surfaces, such as urban areas, deserts, and oceans [7; 11; 12; 18; 21; 22; 23; 24]. China has several background observatories monitoring greenhouse gases continuously for more than 10 years, operated by the China Meteorological Administration, including one global background observatory (Waliguan) and six regional background observatories across China [25]. However, ground-based observations of XCO\({}_{2}\) and XCH\({}_{4}\) are rare and mainly concentrated in the eastern region in or near the cities of Beijing and Hefei [7; 18; 26]. Over a wide area of western China, there have been few ground-based observations of column mole fractions of greenhouse gases.