# Niching Global Optimisation: Systematic Literature Review
## 2 Niching Paradigms
### Parallel Niching Paradigms
#### 2.2.3 Restricted Tournament Selection (RTS)
Soft Comput._**2017**, _57_, 495-503. [CrossRef]
* (37) [PERSON]; [PERSON]; [PERSON]; [PERSON]; [PERSON]; [PERSON] Fitness and distance based local search with adaptive differential evolution for multimodal optimization problems. _IEEE Trans. Emerg. Top. Comput. Intell._**2023**, \(7\), 684-699. [CrossRef]
* (38) [PERSON]; [PERSON]; [PERSON] Niching chimp optimization for constraint multimodal engineering optimization problems. _Expert Syst. Appl._**2022**, _198_, 116887. [CrossRef]
* (39) [PERSON]; [PERSON]; [PERSON]; [PERSON]; [PERSON] Elitist artificial bee colony with dynamic population size for multimodal optimization problems. _Swarm Intell._**2023**, _17_, 305-334. [CrossRef]
* (40) [PERSON]; [PERSON]; [PERSON]; [PERSON]; [PERSON]; [PERSON] Differential Evolution with Clustering-based Niching and Adaptive Mutation for Global Optimization. In Proceedings of the 2023 IEEE Congress on Evolutionary Computation (CEC), Chicago, IL, USA, 1-5 July 2023; pp. 1-8. * (41) [PERSON] Crowding and preselection revisited. In Proceedings of the Second Conference on Parallel Problem Solving from Nature (PPSN), Brussels, Belgium, 28-30 September 1992; Volume 2, pp. 27-36. * (42) [PERSON] Niching Methods for Genetic Algorithms. Ph.D. Thesis, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA, 1995. * (43) [PERSON] Multimodal optimization using crowding-based differential evolution. In Proceedings of the 2004 Congress on Evolutionary Computation (IEEE Cat. No. 04 TH8753), Portland, OR, USA, 19-23 June 2004; Volume 2, pp. 1382-1389. * (44) [PERSON]; [PERSON]; [PERSON] A hybrid niching PSO enhanced with recombination-replacement crowding strategy for multimodal function optimization. _Appl. Soft Comput._**2012**, _12_, 975-987. [CrossRef]
* (45) [PERSON]; [PERSON] The crowding approach to niching in genetic algorithms. _Evol. Comput._**2008**, _16_, 315-354. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
* (46) [PERSON]; [PERSON]; [PERSON] A distance measure comparison to improve crowding in multi-modal optimization problems. In Proceedings of the 2010 3 rd International Symposium on Resilient Control Systems, Idaho Falls, ID, USA, 10-12 August 2010; pp. 31-36. * (47) [PERSON]; [PERSON]; [PERSON]; [PERSON]; [PERSON] [PERSON]; [PERSON]; [PERSON] Artificial weed colonies with neighbourhood crowding scheme for multimodal optimization. In _Proceedings of the International Conference on Soft Computing for Problem Solving (SocProS 2011), 20-22 December 2011: Volume 1;_ Springer: Berlin/Heidelberg, Germany, 2012; pp. 779-787. * (48) [PERSON]; [PERSON]; [PERSON] Hierarchical multi-label gene function prediction using adaptive mutation in crowding niching. In Proceedings of the 13 th IEEE International Conference on BioInformatics and BioEngineering, Chania, Greece, 10-13 November 2013; pp. 1-6. * (49) [PERSON]; [PERSON] Multimodal Optimization using Crowding Differential Evolution with Spatially Neighbors Best Search. _J. Softw._**2013**, \(8\), 932-938. [CrossRef]
* (50) [PERSON]; [PERSON] Runtime analysis of probabilistic crowding and restricted tournament selection for bimodal optimisation. In Proceedings of the Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference, Kyoto, Japan, 15-19 July 2018; pp. 929-936. * (51) [PERSON]; [PERSON]; [PERSON]; [PERSON] A modified crow search algorithm with niching technique for numerical optimization. In Proceedings of the 2019 IEEE Student Conference on Research and Development (SCOReD), Bandar Seri Iskandar, Malaysia, 15-17 October 2019; pp. 170-175. * (52) [PERSON]; [PERSON]; [PERSON]; [PERSON] Genetic Algorithm of Tournament Crowding Based on Gaussian Mutation. _Cybern. Syst. Anal._**2020**, _56_, 231-242. [CrossRef]
* (53) [PERSON]; [PERSON]; [PERSON]; [PERSON] A niching differential evolution algorithm for the large-scale combined heat and power economic dispatch problem. _Appl. Soft Comput._**2021**, _113_, 108017. [CrossRef]
* (54) [PERSON]; [PERSON] Adaptive niche radius fireworks algorithm for multi-modal function optimization.