## 3 Experiments and Analysis
### Experimental Setup  
A flexible and adjustable experimental setup was implemented to capture gear face information and build a multi-category gear face dataset, as shown in Figure 7. The device captured images of the upper and lower ends of the defective gears by adjusting the camera and light source, respectively. Light source 1 was a white dome, while light source 2 was a white ring, and we used two Basler's 300,000 pixel industrial-grade cameras. The specific parameters of each element are shown in Table 4. By adjusting the camera's aperture, exposure time, and focal length, the images taken at both stations were similar. In addition, to ensure that the edges of the image were sharp and the defects were obvious, the device was placed in an environment with less interference from external light.  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Name** & **Setting** & **Brand** & **Amount** \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{Camera 1} & Resolution: 659 px \(\times\) 494 px & \multirow{4}{*}{Basler} & \multirow{4}{*}{1} \\  & Pixel size: 5.6 dpi \(\times\) 5.6 dpi & & \\ \cline{3-5}  & Frame rate: 120 ps & & \\ \cline{3-5}  & Color: Black and white & & \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{Camera 2} & Resolution: 659 px \(\times\) 494 px & \multirow{4}{*}{Basler} & \multirow{4}{*}{1} \\  & Pixel size: 5.6 dpi \(\times\) 5.6 dpi & & \\ \cline{3-5}  & Frame rate: 120 ps & & \\ \cline{3-5}  & Color: Colorful & & \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{Dome light source} & Size: W140 mm \(\times\) H73 mm & \multirow{4}{*}{HTC} & \multirow{4}{*}{1} \\  & Voltage: 24 V & & \\ \cline{3-5}  & Power: 3.4 W /16.6 W & & \\ \cline{3-5}  & Color: White & & \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{Ring light source} & Size: OD \(\times\) 90 mm \(\times\) ID65 mm \(\times\) H24 mm & \multirow{4}{*}{HTC} & \multirow{4}{*}{1} \\  & Angle: 30\({}^{\circ}\) & & \\ \cline{3-5}  & Voltage: 24 V & & \\ \cline{3-5}  & Power: 3.8 W/5.8 W & & \\ \cline{3-5}  & Color: White & & \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}
Table 4: Detailed parameters for each component.  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Number** & **Layer Name** & **Channel** & **Kernel Size** & **Stride** & **Activation** \\ \hline
1 & Block1\_conv1 & 64 & \(3\times 3\) & \(1\times 1\) & Leaky ReLU \\
2 & Block1\_pool & - & \(3\times 3\) & \(2\times 2\) & - \\
3 & Block2\_conv1 & 128 & \(3\times 3\) & \(1\times 1\) & Leaky ReLU \\
4 & Block2\_pool & - & \(3\times 3\) & \(1\times 1\) & - \\
5 & Block3\_conv1 & 256 & \(3\times 3\) & \(1\times 1\) & Leaky ReLU \\
6 & Block3\_conv2 & 256 & \(3\times 3\) & \(1\times 1\) & Leaky ReLU \\
7 & Block3\_pool & - & \(3\times 3\) & \(1\times 1\) & - \\
8 & Block4\_conv1 & 384 & \(3\times 3\) & \(1\times 1\) & Leaky ReLU \\
9 & Block4\_conv2 & 384 & \(3\times 3\) & \(1\times 1\) & Leaky ReLU \\
10 & Block4\_conv3 & 256 & \(3\times 3\) & \(1\times 1\) & Leaky ReLU \\
11 & Block4\_pool & - & \(3\times 3\) & \(2\times 2\) & - \\
12 & Dense1 & 256 & - & - & Leaky ReLU \\
13 & Dropout (20\%) & - & - & - & - \\
14 & Dense2 & 256 & - & - & Leaky ReLU \\
15 & Dropout (20\%) & - & - & - & - \\
16 & Dense3 & 5 & - & - & Softmax \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}
Table 3: Structure of proposed model.