## 1 Introduction
In addition, their use can improve the microstructure and mechanical properties of mortar and concrete [22]. Existing environmental requirements are becoming more stringent [23]. In many European countries (Netherlands, Germany, Belgium), the amount of glass collected from consumers exceeds 80% of the glass produced; most of it is recycled. Crushed glass research is focused on the use of glass as fine concrete aggregates. However, durability concerns over the alkali-silica reaction (ASR) have limited its use as a fine replacement in concrete. Studies have shown that glass behaves pozzolanically if ground finely enough, with a surface area of more than 300 m\({}^{2}\)/kg [24; 25]. The pozzolanic reaction produces amorphous silica in the SCM, calcium hydroxide (CH) as a byproduct of the cement reaction, and water to form additional calcium silicate hydrate. Glass effect measures such as SCM focus on mechanical and durability properties, and they show an increase in long-term compressive strength, flexural strength, resistance to ASR, and reduction in water sorptivity of concrete containing finely ground glass powder. Moreover, some studies showed that finely ground glass powder had comparable or slightly better mechanical properties at later ages than fly ash and slag, but much less than silica fume [26; 27; 28]. Despite all the aforementioned results, few studies have focused on connecting the microstructural properties of cementitious mixtures containing glass powder to the performance characteristics of glass mixtures. [PERSON] [29] performed an extensive study on the glass powder's kinetic and performance properties. However, the effect of curing temperatures on different types of glass cullet reaction kinetics and performance has not been studied. The aim of the study conducted by [PERSON] et al., was to determine the feasibility of using glass powder as a concrete additive. The pozzolanic activity of glass powder and the effect of this additive as a cement substitute in the range of 0% to 25% on the physical and mechanical properties of the studied composites were evaluated. The test results showed that glass flour is pozzolanic in nature and meets the limits for classes F and C according to ASTM C 618, and the use of glass flour has a negligible effect on the setting time. The use of 10% glass powder as a substitute for cement increased the compressive strength of the mortar by about 9.0%. The use of glass powder in an amount greater than 15.0% as a substitute for cement reduces the 28-day compressive strength of concrete. In order to compensate for the decrease in the compressive strength of concrete, it is necessary to reduce the w/c ratio [30]. Experimental studies conducted by the [PERSON] and team aimed to evaluate the durability of concrete mixes, containing glass waste flour and granite powder at different levels of substitution. Glass powder (GP) in quantities of 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, and 25% and granite powder (GrP) in quantities of 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, and 50% were added to the mixtures as a partial addition to cement and sand, respectively. A significant improvement in the strength properties of concrete containing 15% GP and 30% GrP instead of cement and sand, respectively, was observed. The results show an improvement in water permeability and water absorption by concrete mixed with glass granite [31]. The aim of the research was to learn the impact of adding shredded glass waste and polypropylene fibers (PPFs) during the preparation of the concrete mix of ordinary concrete on its selected technical properties. The obtained results allowed us to determine the strength and frost resistance of the tested material with different contents of glass waste and the same number of polypropylene fibers. In addition, the effect of the addition of glass flour and polypropylene fibers on the microstructure of concrete was evaluated.