## 1 Introduction  
The United Nations adopted the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in 2015 as a universal declaration to take action to combat poverty, protect the environment and ensure peace and prosperity for all by 2030 [1]. The 17 SDGs are interconnected to each other, where the actions in one area influence the outputs in another area and the development must stabilize the social, economic, and environmental sustainability. Dairy cattle are the most significant area that empowers to support and achieve the following SDGs such as _No poverty (goal 1); Zero hunger (goal 2); Good health and well-being (goal 3) and Gender equality (goal 5)_[2]. Milk and dairy products help to improve the health of the world's population because they contain proteins, vitamins, and minerals that are beneficial to both children and adults' growth and development [3]. According to the food and agriculture organization (FAO) estimates [4], India will account for 54% of the increase in global demand for milk and fresh dairy products. To meet the rising demand, India's dairy producers will need to produce an additional 56 million tons of milk per year by 2026, representing a 40% increase in output from 2014. However, the milk productivity of India is very low when compared to the United States (US) in the same year. Figure 1 clearly illustrate that India is a pinnacle with inside milk production, however, the productivity of India is very low as the US produce 93 million tons of milk with 9.2 million dairy animals, where India produces 140 million tons of milk with 90 million diary animals [5]. Concerning milk productivity, there is also the issue of high methane emissions from milk production due to poor feed quality, and the FAO concludes that the region is responsible for 23% of global methane emissions from dairy production [6]. In any case, if the milk productivity is not enhanced, and the farmers follow the practice of using more dairy animals to meet demand, this indeed will have serious implications for the environmental sustainability of milk production in India. Concerning this, dairy cattle need to ensure the safety and quality of raw milk to satisfy the demand of industries and consumers. Furthermore, farm practices should ensure that milk is produced by healthy cattle in economic, social, and environmental conditions that are sustainable [7]. To achieve it, the FAO has suggested six best daily cattle practices such as _animal health; animal welfare; milking hygiene; nutrition (water and feed); environment, and social-economic management_ (Figure 2) [8]. Figure 1: Statistics of Milk Productivity. Figure 2: Best Dairy Cattle Practices. The detailed description of the six best practices are discussed as follows [8]: (i) establishing disease resistance in the herd; effective herd health management; and preventing disease entry onto the farm by using all chemicals and veterinary medicines as directed; (ii) assuring that milking routines do not harm the animals or introduce contaminants into the milk; (iii) ensuring a sufficient supply of feed and water of appropriate quantity and quality; controlling feed storage conditions; and ensuring the traceability of feedstuffs brought onto the farm; (iv) the goal is to keep animals free of thirst, hunger, and malnutrition, as well as pain, injury, disease, discomfort, and fear, and to allow them to engage in relatively normal patterns of animal behaviour; (v) environmentally sustainable farming practices; an appropriate waste management system; and assure that dairy farming practices have no negative impact on the local environment; (vi) human resource management that is both efficient and fully accountable; ensuring that farm tasks are completed safely and competently; and managing the business to ensure its financial viability. Technology integration enables the dairy best practices to be implemented with digitally connected infrastructure, resulting in overall increased sustainability [9].