# Plant-Derived Bioactive Compounds for Rhabdomyosarcoma Therapy In Vitro: A Systematic Review
## 3 Results
### Plant Extracts and Isolated Bioactive Compounds That Inhibit the Formation of Tumor Colonies  
Among all the bioactive compounds analyzed, 3% of them inhibit the formation of tumor colonies [47; 48], although the most specific mechanisms on how this inhibition is carried out are not included (Table 4).  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Raw Material** & **Extraction Method** & **Isolated Compound(s)** & **Cell Line** & \multicolumn{2}{c}{\begin{tabular}{c} **IC\({}_{\text{50}}\) Value of the Functional** \\ **Extract or Isolated** \\ **Compounds** \\ \end{tabular} } & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Mechanism of Action**} \\ \hline _Phelodend neuronsumes_[46] & Distilled water & \begin{tabular}{c} Berberine \\ Palantine \\ \end{tabular} & \begin{tabular}{c} ERMS 1 \\ KYM 1 \\ RD \\ \end{tabular} & - & \
\begin{tabular}{c} Berberine arrests the cell cycle in the \\ G1 phase, \\ Palantine acts through a possible \\ interaction with the formation of the extracellular matrix of the tumor cell. \\ \end{tabular} \\ \hline _Phelodend neurons_[46] &
\begin{tabular}{c} Methanol \\ \end{tabular} & - & RH-30 & \(55.2\,\mathrm{\SIUnitSymbolMicro g}\mathrm{\SIUnitSymbolMicro m}\), \(55.2\,\mathrm{\SIUnitSymbolMicro g}\mathrm{\SIUnitSymbolMicro m}\), \(55.2\,\mathrm{\SIUnitSymbolMicro g}\mathrm{\SIUnitSymbolMicro m}\), \(55.2\,\mathrm{\SIUnitSymbolMicro g}\mathrm{\SIUnitSymbolMicro m}\), \(55.2\,\mathrm{\SIUnitSymbolMicro g}\mathrm{\SIUnitSymbolMicro m}\)/L & \(55.  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Raw Material** & **Extraction Method** & **Isolated Compound(s)** & **Cell Line** & **ICg Value of the Functional Extract or Isolated Compounds** & **Mechanism of Action** \\ \hline  & & & & -\(Hp\) leaves in RD: \\  & & & 117.6\(\pm\) 6.02 g/mL & \\ Leaves and stem of & & -RD & +\(Hp\) leaves in WNO: & \\ _Hyperication pathway_[47] & Methanol & VERO & 447.69 \(\pm\) 2.519 g/mL & Inhibition of tumor colony formation. \\  & & HEP-2 & -\(Hp\) stem in RD: 0.72 \(\pm\) 0.04 ug/mL & \\  & & & -\(Hp\) stem in WNO: & \\  & & & 1.82 \(\pm\) 0.12 ug/mL & \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{_Senceic Anonymous_[48]} & Ethanol 95\% & 12 pyrrolidine alkaloids & A-204 & Compounds 2 and 3 \(\times\) 120 \(\pm\) 5 ug/mL & Tumor growth inhibition (not for use in vivo due to hepatotoxicity.) \\ \cline{1-1} \cline{2-6}  & A-204 (fmbryonal rhabdomyosarcoma cells): HEP-2 (Human epidermial laryngeal carcinoma cells): HEP (Hyperication pathway): RD (Ethovolinal rhabdomyosarcoma cells): VERO (Healthy African monkey cells). & \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}
Table 4: Plant extracts and isolated bioactive compounds that inhibit tumor colony formation.  
The leaves and stem of _Hypericum pathum_, commonly called \"St. John's Wort\" were used in three cell lines: RMS (RD), healthy cells (VERO), and laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma cells (HEP-2). The extract was obtained using methanol. This extract was compared with another one from the _Hypericum_ family, called _Hypericum mysorensne_. The results indicated that the _Hypericum pathum_ stem extract is the most potent of all the extracts tested, with an IC\({}_{50}\) value in RD of 0.72 \(\pm\) 0.04 \(\mu\)g/mL, while the least potent is that of _Hypericum pathum_ leaves in VERO, with an IC\({}_{50}\) value of 447.69 \(\pm\) 25.19 \(\mu\)g/mL [47].  
The _Senecio anonymous_ extract was obtained using 95% ethanol and tested in vitro on the A-204 cell line (RMS). Twelve alkaloids were isolated, among which two with the lowest IC\({}_{50}\) stood out with a value of 120 \(\pm\) 5 \(\mu\)g/mL. Despite this study, none of the extracts from this plant could be used as antitumor agents due to their hepatotoxicity; therefore, in vivo studies were not carried out [48].