# A Component-Based Approach to Early Warning Systems: A Theoretical Model
## 5 Conclusions  
This paper highlights the importance of EWSs in mitigating the impact of natural hazards by facilitating timely and effective responses. By classifying EWSs into three components, this paper provides a structured framework that enhances their capabilities and clarifies their requirements. The research underscores the importance of integrating real-time data from sensors, remote sensing technologies, and predictive models to ensure accurate and timely hazard detection.  
A key contribution of this study is the identification of primary and secondary causes of various natural hazards, along with an analysis of the manifestations that should be monitored and assessed. The results emphasise the necessity of a comprehensive approach to EWS development, ensuring that information reaches relevant stakeholders and the general public in a timely and actionable manner. Moreover, the study demonstrates the potential and importance of advanced technologies, such as artificial intelligence and machine learning, to improve risk assessment and automate information dissemination.  
Despite the growing implementation of EWSs worldwide, challenges remain, particularly in ensuring accessibility, data reliability, and integration into crisis management structures. Furthermore, the development of low-cost EWSs should be prioritised for regions with limited resources, ensuring broader coverage and resilience against disasters.  
Future research should focus on optimising sensor networks, improving predictive models, and developing low-cost yet advanced EWSs. As climate change intensifies the frequency and severity of natural hazards, strengthening and expanding EWSs remains an urgent priority for disaster risk reduction and resilience building.  
Conceptualisation, D.C., J.R., J.K. and M.P.; methodology: J.R., D.C., J.K. and B.H.; validation: D.C., B.K. and B.H.; formal analysis: D.C., B.K. and B.H.; investigation and resources: D.C., B.K. and B.H.; writing the original manuscript draft preparation: [PERSON], D.C., J.K. and M.P.; writing--review and editing: [PERSON], D.C. and M.P.; visualisation: D.C., B.K. and B.H.; supervision: [PERSON], J.K. and M.P.; project administration and funding acquisition: J.R., B.K. and J.K. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.  
Funded by the EU NextGenerationEU through the Recovery and Resilience Plan for Slovakia under the project No. 17R05-04-V01-00005, and funded by the EU NextGenerationEU through the Recovery and Resilience Plan for Slovakia under the project No. 09103-03-V05-00002.  
Not applicable.  
The data presented in this study are available in the article.  
This article is the result of continuous scientific and research activities of several years of the authors, who are active in the positions of lecturers and research workers at the Department of Crisis Management, Faculty of Security Engineering of the University of Zilina in Zilina, Slovakia. Scientific and research activities of the faculty are focused on solving the theoretical basis of Crisis Management and Security and Safety Sciences. A significant factor of recognition of scientific professionalism of the faculty staff is also their cooperation for many years with the bodies of state administration and self-government in the section of crisis management. The views expressed, however, are solely those of the authors and not necessarily those of the institutions with which they are affiliated or of their funding sources. Also, the authors are solely responsible for any errors or omissions.  
The authors declare no conflicts of interest.