## 8 Conclusions  
In this study, we investigated the barriers and facilitators to the adoption of smart home technology by older adults living independently and explored how their use of these technologies could contribute to their care and management of chronic conditions. Our approach consisted of a systematic literature review and the design and delivery of a co-creation workshop with 30 participants sourced with the support of our partners: Astraline, JJ Housing and Darnel Wellbeing. The data analysis resulted in the development of a proof-of-concept middleware, viz. WISE-WARE, and the creation of documentation for its development process, usage, and guides for aiding integration and extension of the proposed system. The systematic review identified four major themes: acceptance models, digital divide, frailty, and barriers and facilitators to adoption. The review revealed the importance of understanding user acceptance for technology adoption among older adults and highlighted the role of established models like TAM, UTAUT, and STAM in exploring motivations and challenges. However, there is a need to move beyond basic acceptance towards actionable design principles. The review also emphasised the digital divide, which goes beyond access to technology and encompasses usage skills and comfort levels. Psychological factors, such as internalised ageism, can hinder adoption, and design should address not just usability, but also social and emotional considerations. Frailty presents a challenge for technology adoption due to physical and cognitive limitations, and tailored solutions are crucial based on the individual's frailty status. The review also highlighted the importance of factors such as technology experience, perceived value, and confidence in influencing adoption, and the need for user-centred design, clear communication strategies, and inclusive research. The co-creation workshop results led to the creation of a model, viz. The CIREI framework, which represents the workshop findings, featuring broad themes and recurring concepts. These constructs reveal factors influencing technology acceptance, some of which are specific to older adult users, such as economic considerations, learning preferences, privacy concerns, and usability. The new model, with its focus on user-specific themes and the rate of technological advancement concept, offers a potential starting point for further research on technology acceptance in this population. The CIREI framework advances technology acceptance models by introducing the _Rate of Technological Advancement_ construct and employing a dual-granularity approach that provides more nuanced insights than existing uniform-level models. The framework's specificity to vulnerable older adult populations and emphasis on contemporary technological contexts represents a meaningful evolution in understanding technology acceptance among frail older adults living independently. The proof-of-concept middleware development demonstrated that commercially available, off-the-shelf smart home technologies can be integrated with smart home management systems like Home Assistant, collating data into a single data stream. This data can be stored, transported, and processed using industry-standard tools, allowing for modular and effective business intelligence, resident monitoring, and rich insight-generating solutions. Our other research questions focused on the design and implementation of assistive technology that can be easily retrofitted into existing homes (R1b), the learning preferences of older adults for new technology (R2a), and the impact of these preferences on the design and implementation of assistive technologies (R2b). To answer R1b, we conducted a co-creation workshop to explore the perceptions of older adults regarding the challenges of integrating COTS assistive technology into their homes. The workshop identified themes such as economic considerations, usability issues, privacy concerns, and the importance of maintaining agency.