## 1 Introduction
[PERSON] and [PERSON] [6], utilizing a 500 kg/h autothermal modified updraft gasifier, found that the syngas generation rate is approximately 2.5 Nm\({}^{3}\) per kg of olive pomace, with a calorific value ranging from 5.0 to 7.0 MJ/Nm\({}^{3}\), and that the gasification system converted over 85% of the carbon in the pomace into syngas. [PERSON] et al. [8] also investigated the gasification of dried olive pomace using various fixed bed gasifier systems. Syngas produced with dry air had H\({}_{2}\) contents of 48 mol % and 45 mol % in updraft and downdraft gasifiers, respectively, with a heating value of around 12.4 MJ/Nm\({}^{3}\). This paper presents these findings as part of a larger research project focused on hydrogen production from fixed bed reactors. On the other hand, [PERSON] et al. [9] explored olive byproducts for energy recovery through thermal arc plasma gasification. Experiments varied parameters such as biomass flow, water vapor, and plasma power. The resulting syngas had CO (41.17 mol %), H\({}_{2}\) (13.06 mol %), and CO\({}_{2}\) (13.48 mol %), with a heating value of 6.09 MJ/Nm\({}^{3}\). The work of [PERSON] et al. [10] evaluated a pilot plant that converts these byproducts into electrical and thermal power. The plant, featuring a downdraft gasifier and a modified engine, achieved a cold gas efficiency of 70.7-75.5% and calorific values of 4.8-5.4 MJ/kg, with a payback period of 5-6 years, highlighting the potential for effective energy recovery from olive waste. Another study [11] performed the tecno-economic assessment of a combined heat and power (CHP) plant using syngas from dry olive pomace. The work modeled the plant in ASPEN Plus, using real data for calibration and performance metrics. [PERSON] et al. [12] also presented a thermodynamic model of a combined heat and power (CHP) plant using syngas from dry olive pomace gasification. ChemCad software modeled the gasification process, with experimental data informing the model. The study of [PERSON] et al. [13] assessed how dolomite affects the co-gasification of coal, petcoke, and olive pomace. Results showed that dolomite improves reactivity, reduces weight loss, and enhances the H\({}_{2}\)/CO ratio while lowering sulfur and nitrogen emissions. The study of [PERSON] et al. [14] explored hydrogen production from olive pomace using a batch autoclave at temperatures between 300 \({}^{\circ}\)C and 600 \({}^{\circ}\)C and pressures ranging from 200 to 425 atm. The effects of different catalysts were also examined. Hydrogen production increased with temperature and decreased with pressure. The highest hydrogen yield of 16.80 mol/kg biomass was achieved at 600 \({}^{\circ}\)C with a KOH catalyst. Finally, [PERSON] et al. [15] presented a 2-D simulation of olive pomace gasification in a bubbling fluidized bed reactor, validated with experimental data. The authors found that the process has a low cold gas efficiency (\(\sim\)20%), and it is more suitable for small-scale domestic cogeneration rather than large facilities. The purpose of this work is to explore the impact of equivalence ratio and temperature on the gasification process of olive cake in a fluidized bed plant, using air as the gasifying agent. By conducting experiments in a bench-scale plant, this research aims to simulate a more realistic pre-industrial scale, providing valuable insights into the optimization of gasification conditions. The focus on olive cake contributes to the development of sustainable practices within the olive oil industry. Through this work, we hope to advance the understanding and application of gasification technology, promoting a circular economy and enhancing the sustainability of Mediterranean agriculture.