# AgriSecure: A Fog Computing-Based Security Framework for Agriculture 4.0 via Blockchain
## 5 Existing Research on Security in Agriculture 4.0  
In [54], the author states that The United States Department of Homeland Security issued a report emphasizing the significance of agriculture 4.0 and the associated internet security threat and possible attacks. The report emphasizes the information security model of confidential information, credibility, and accessibility in farming. The researchers of [55] suggested a new access control solution that combines session keys and public keys to speed up the encrypted communications tasks. It yields quick and lightweight appropriate control measures that are ideal for precision agriculture communication. Ref. [56] Proposed a framework for understanding vulnerabilities in emerging technologies and their application in an intelligent farming environment. The goal of the approach is to determine the level to which intelligent farming emerging innovations are prone to cyber. It assesses the threat prediction model using the common vulnerability scoring system (CVSS). Nowadays, The Blockchain is not only used in cryptocurrency but also utilized in other fields and different applications such as in the medical sector, agriculture sector, etc. [57; 58; 59]. This article concentrated on the application of blockchain technology to food safety. For tracking and monitoring the food items and stages of production, such as cultivation/breeding, raw resources, processing, transporting, warehousing, and selling, the author developed a system [60]. In addition, the system employs a variety of sensor-based equipment to adopt sustainable recording and confirmation with sensor-based verification. Ref. [61] Proposed a blockchain-based easy and simple security framework for smart Greenfield farming. Each IoT node can nominate the cluster member's leader, which helps to avoid a hot spot problem if an intruder focuses on the leader node. Furthermore, the authors discussed the security risks of their suggested scheme, which adhered to the traditional confidentiality, integrity, and availability principles. Ref. [62] proposed a cost-effective IoT-based security monitoring system. The physical layer is the primary concern of this system of precision agriculture, where data are collected from sensors. These data are sent to a controller, which analyses it to take action, such as activating the actuators for water sprinklers on farms. Table 5 describes some of the recent research which has already been performed on security issues related to smart farming. [PERSON], M et al. explained [102] the necessity of clouds applied in vehicles in this time- and location-sensitive context and present an extended access control oriented (E-ACO) architecture that is pertinent to IoV. Here, they describe using scenarios to highlight access control needs in our vision of cloud-assisted connected automobiles and vehicular IoT, as well as approaches to various access control models that may be applied at different tiers of the E-ACO architecture and in the authorization framework. [PERSON], [PERSON] et al. [103], in their work, describe an edge infrastructure-based solution to V2V and V2I communication that is safe and trustworthy in place of direct peer-to-peer connection. To approve, check, and verify the authenticity, integrity, and anonymity of communications sent in the system, they add trusted cloudlets in this section. Along with a proof of concept implementation of the suggested approach on the AWS IoT platform, they also describe a formal attribute-based model for V2V and V2I communication, known as AB-ITS. This cloudlet-supported architecture supports crucial use cases such as an accident or ice-threat warning and other safety applications. It supplements direct V2V or V2I communication. [PERSON], [PERSON] et al. [104] presented a DoS attack that can impair a smart farm's operation by interfering with the functioning of installed on-field sensors. They specifically covered a Wi-Fi de-authentication attack that makes use of flaws in IEEE 802.11, where the management packets are not encrypted.