## 5 Discussion
### Accommodation and Conservation Possibilities  
Some significant factors influence and control the creation of extensive succession sequence stratigraphic discontinuity and incised valleys within the tectonic shelf. These include eastasy, subsidence, climate changes, supply, and sediment discharge. In most cases, the fluvial discharge is associated with climate changes, and both influence and dominate the fluvial incision depth, the dimension of the valley, and the number of depositional elements. Subsidence controls the whole succession thickness, while the eastasy regulates the frequency of the stratigraphic event that interrupts the succession. These factors combined regulate the entire accommodation on the shelf and regulated the conservation capability of distinct depositional environments and systems tracts. Conversely, eastasy's task quickly decreases up-river as locality influences such as climate and tectonics control have more impact [38; 57]. Recent researchers concentrated on Southeast Asia and highlighted the significance of some controlling factors such as fluvial discharge and climatic changes on the incised valleys' formation, rather than eustictic sea-level drops [56; 58; 59]. Interpretation indicates that valleys and incisions appear throughout peak fluvial discharge times, irrespective of the location of the sea level [60]. The melted ice in the glaciated territories is the key control for the discharge alteration, while the climate changes can have the same effect in non-glaciated territories [56]. Climate change may happen at any time throughout a sea-level process and is not directly connected to glaciation or deglaciation cycles. However, it is proposed that substantial climate changes occur during the Pleistocene transformation to Holocene, more probably than during a particular low- or high-stand era of sea levels. In the history of fluvial valley incision, it is difficult to list the different impacts of sea-level change and climate change. In 1999, [PERSON] and [PERSON] [57] proposed that sea level alterations are the major cause of river incision in down-stream segments, while climate change and tectonics contribute significantly to upstream sections. The incision's relative depths in the shallow parts of the channels seen here are about \(<\)45 m. This can be interpreted by the absence of a nearby knick-point in the low slope (\(\sim\)0.006\({}^{\circ}\)) of the Malay Basin. Due to this low basin gradient, the coastline can move huge distances with just slight relative sea-level changes, revealing or flooding huge regions in short times [61; 62; 63]. Besides, the relatively little distance occupied by carved draining valleys may indicate short-lived sea levels compared to the area of main river systems. Indeed, the relatively little distance occupied by carved tributary valleys equated to the area of river trunk systems assumes shorter sea levels of the low stand. Conversely, the restricted magnitude of incised tributary valleys suggests that the reasons for fluvial incision were short-lived climatic changes and their role in fluvial discharge differences rather than eustasy. This does not mean that the eustasy does not influence at all. The function of sea-level change resulted in a tremendous shift in the coastline over time. Therefore, coastline deposits seemed to increase either thousands of kilometers downstream of this studied area (throughout sea-level low stands) or near the most resonant side of the shelf, around hundreds of kilometers upstream from the studied area (during a high stand of the sea level of the shelf). After intricately carved valleys have been formed, they are initiated to fill strictly by estuarine and fluvial deposits [64]. The apparent imaging of the fluvial depositional features contained by incised valleys such as in Figure 5A-H proposed a high conservation possibility of fluvial sediments but restricted just to carved \"containers\" [7].