# Invisible Shield: Unveiling an Efficient Watermarking Solution for Medical Imaging Security
## 2 Related Works  
[PERSON] et al. [23] introduced a lightweight encryption technology to safeguard the privacy of patients' medical images. The paper explores diverse security measures, components, and methods for encrypting medical images. It delves into analyzing various existing encryption techniques, assessing their encryption quality, memory requirements, and execution time. The investigation reveals that current methods involving key-based unsystematic sequence numbers result in extensive computational time. In contrast, the study's results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm significantly reduces computational load. Thus, the meticulously devised algorithm aims to optimize security while ensuring minimal computational overhead to protect medical images. This encryption methodology operates through three stages, employing a 256-bit key value for logical operations on the images. The work conducted by [PERSON] et al. [24] presented a novel watermarking scheme based on a Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) and 2-D Singular Value Decomposition (SVD). The innovation in this scheme primarily revolves around employing a two-level SVD, thereby enhancing its efficiency to be independent of the host image's size. Comparative analysis was carried out between the proposed scheme and the authors' prior DWT and 2-D SVD scheme, utilizing the same host and watermark images, attack parameters, and conditions. The experimental findings demonstrated that the new scheme achieved greater imperceptibility and robustness than the authors' previous scheme and exhibited superior performance when contrasted with conventional DWT + SVD schemes. Moreover, a two-level authentication system was incorporated to ensure security, effectively identifying false positive and negative outcomes. Additionally, the proposed scheme addressed the limitations of the authors' prior DWT and 2-D SVD schemes through image blocking and introduced a formula to optimize efficiency for increased capacity. The method proposed by [PERSON] et al. in [25] introduces an innovative approach for medical image watermarking (MIW) that integrates key features of Hough Transform (HT),Redundant Discrete Wavelet Transform (RDWT), and Singular Value Decomposition (SVD) transformations. The watermark embedding within the reflectance component ensures improved robustness and perceptual invisibility. To fortify resistance against attacks, a combination of RDWT and SVD is utilized. The technique incorporates a dual-layer security mechanism for the watermark image by employing chaotic mapping to safeguard critical diagnostic medical data against manipulation or unethical activities. Furthermore, the performance of the proposed technique is evaluated across several wavelet families. The experimental results notably demonstrate the superior robustness and perceptibility achieved by the proposed scheme, as various performance metrics exhibit enhanced values. The novel strategy developed by [PERSON] et al. in [26] involves meticulously integrating hospital signature information and patient data within medical images. The primary aim of this endeavor is to seamlessly embed the watermark with minimal distortion, ensuring the preservation of essential medical information within the image. Employing a flexible approach, the initial step involves applying Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) decomposition to the image, enabling a highly adaptable adjustment during insertion. Subsequently, an SVD is employed on the three sub-bands, LL (Low-Low), LH (Low-High), and HL (High-Low), allowing for the preservation of maximum image energy using the essential minimum of singular values. The research conducted by [PERSON] highlighted the effectiveness of multiple watermark insertions in addressing various security aspects of images, including ownership verification, tamper detection, and Region of Interest (ROI) recovery. The insertion of robust and fragile watermarks in succession was deemed essential to ensure the flawless operation of the proposed algorithm.