###### Abstract  
Water shortages have increasingly become a global issue due to the acceleration of climate change. The consumption of freshwater can be reduced to a minimum using water irrigation techniques that are based on conservative methods. For example, one of these is precision irrigation, or PI, which uses advanced digital technology to regulate the amount of water used. The aim is to use the least amount of water necessary for a given purpose. This approach keeps consumption to a minimum while the amount remains effective for its purpose. It is also important to note that the variability which occurs in soil and crops will create different types of conditions. These different conditions will need to be studied so as to determine the correct and adequate dynamics for a water management approach that is efficient. In this study, three investigation methods were developed and compared. The first evaluation was performed on outputs from the geoelectric reading of Automatic Resistivity Profiling (ARP). A second evaluation was performed in real time via a sensor network placed in the soil for the duration of two growing seasons of two different crops. The last evaluation was carried out by using maps of spectral indices obtained by the Sentinel 2 satellites. The correlations between the three methods were evaluated to verify if satellite information may have significant potential in the use of water management in varying conditions. From the results obtained, some correlations have been found from the observations of the three systems under study. This has given a positive input towards using satellite maps which are integrated with simplified proximal sensor networks. The outcome of this technique can improve the efficiency of how to manage water distribution on cultivated land. water management; irrigation techniques; variability; crop requirements; satellite maps 20231201012720220220220220220220220220220222022022202220222202  
the years 1971 to 2000 [3]. The 2010-2020 decade was dramatic for Italy, with cumulative annual precipitations lower than 10% as compared to the mean of the previous decade, with peaks of drought that were much higher in southern Italy [4]. Another problem that Italy is now dealing with is rainfall fluctuation and intensity. The prolonged periods of drought, especially during the summer, have made these commonplace problems. The cause of these problems occurs when a large amount of water falls onto the soil in a short amount of time. The limited water retention capacity of the soil will allow the water to run off. Thus, there are water losses and other related problems such as soil erosion, increased risk of landslides, and flooding. Agriculture is the sector that is the most demanding for water. Water consumption for agricultural purposes makes up about 70 percent of the total annual withdrawal of fresh water [5]. In extensive agriculture, water is distributed mostly by sprinkler irrigation and surface irrigation [6]. In sprinkler irrigation, the percentage of water loss can be up to 45% due to evaporation and other factors [7], while surface irrigation is even more wasteful, with losses that are about 35% higher than sprinkler irrigation [8]. These systems are not sustainable and should be improved or replaced so as to lessen the pressure of demand on the global fresh-water reservoirs. In recent years, the problem of water availability has seriously affected industrialized countries. The development of systems that are made to plan irrigation cycles and eliminate water loss is urgently needed. Some advancement in technological development has been accomplished in this direction. For instance, precision irrigation applies water in minimal amounts and exclusively in the specified place at a predetermined time to create the best growing conditions for plants [9]. The precision irrigation system is based on soil sensors.