## Proposed System  
### Hardware Configuration  
The battery itself is very nonlinear with respect to temperature, SoC and SoH, which is a reflection of the remaining energy. Although the SoH and other parameters related to the quality of battery are already available in the battery system [16; 17; 18; 19], the deterioration process is expressed through complex models. However, the model cannot be used for a numerical simulation due to its heavy computational load especially in industrial applications. That needs some kind of simplification. Recently, the computer-aided design method is widely used to improve the efficiency of the storage system [20; 21; 22; 23; 24; 25]. For an accurate simulation, the battery characteristic should be included. However, the simple simulation cannot strictly consider the electrochemical reaction of the battery, because the reaction is difficult to express in mathematical forms. As a result, the battery characteristics of the storage system cannot be accurately analyzed with the deterioration characteristics. The proposed hardware simulator with an elevated generalization which includes the ability to test different battery chemistry, a wide range of voltage and current level, as well different current waveform for the charging/discharging process, gives a better explanation to the chemical reactions, i.e., the simulator includes every battery characteristic behavior within the results. Depending on the application, the target profile is different. Some applications require high peak power with a very dynamic operation, in others, energy efficiency or safety is the primary design criteria. Fast charging could be one of the key technologies in some EVs. On the other hand, the standby operation, i.e., slow charging is allowable in other EVs having long rest periods. Optimization in the charging system is required not only for the battery itself but also for other components. The temperature of a battery is an important parameter that affects its performance and lifetime. The attached power electronics converter can be used to help control the temperature of the battery. Although the sensing system of batteries has migrated into the monitoring of individual cells, not just the overall pack, the charger unit is still external. Since the rechargeable batteries have the risk of ignition and explosion due to over-charge/discharge, a protection system, such as a battery management system (BMS), is essential to monitor and control the battery current and voltage for safety operation. Figure 1 shows the block diagram of the proposed system. This system is developed and explained firstly by [PERSON] [10], and now the improved model is proposed by the first author in this paper. It is composed of three blocks: a charging and discharging circuit equipping the integrated circuits (ICs), the microprocessor board named \"PIC unit\" to control the battery charge/discharge, and a measuring circuit to obtain the battery voltage and current data. The main circuit of the improved multi type chemistry charging/discharging (MTC) for the secondary-batteries is configured in the same way as the previous model, but the quality of the electronic components are improved in faster switching time, and higher voltage and current operation, also with a lower operating temperature of the components due to a better cooling system. These enhancements give the opportunity to test various battery packs. The main circuit is composed of a charging and a discharging circuit, each regulated through a charging management IC as a simple BMS. The discharging circuit is also controlled by the charging management IC; thus, the support circuit consisting of three blocks to assist the discharging circuit, and to protect the main circuit from overvoltage and current, for single-cell operation. In case of a battery pack test, a specific BMS is connected with the battery pack, protect from under-voltage or current faults.