## 1 Introduction  
Granitic rock is widely distributed on the earth's mantle and is extensively used in engineering projects. In the complex natural environment, granitic rock may be affected by several factors, which lead to degradation of physical and mechanical properties. In cold regions, rocks are subject to frost weathering that arises from the diurnal cycle or seasonal variation. This weathering can lead to significant changes in the state of water in the rock voids, inducing the dissolution of materials in the rock mass and associated chemical changes. Therefore, the mechanism of the damage that occurs under freeze-thaw cycles is widely concerning and has a vital significance for environmental geotechnical engineering projects. Parts of the cold region in China is subjected to acid rain for a long time. The building stones in the area of Longmen caves, Luoyang city, easily crack or break. The rock materials have suffered from the combined effects of freeze-thaw cycles and acid rain for centuries. The pH of acid rain is around 4.38, and the temperature always changes in the range of 6 to \(-10\)\({}^{\circ}\)C. With the development of the western regions in China, the issue of rocks subjected to freeze-thaw cycles and chemical corrosion becomes more frequent. The rock slope of an iron mine in Qinghaiprovince, western China, is subjected to a freeze-thaw cycle from \(-20\) to \(10\)\({}^{\circ}\)C. The rock of the slope also suffers from long-time chemical corrosion. In recent times, weathering induced by the action of freeze-thaw cycles with different temperatures and numbers of cycles has been extensively studied. Several studies have indicated that there is 7-9% volume expansion during water-ice transformation, which is the main reason for freeze-thaw damage [1; 2; 3; 4]. The engineering properties of granitic rock have been shown to be affected by the influence of freeze-thaw cycles. These properties include strength [5], thermodynamic properties [6] and permeability [7; 8]. However, the most significant changes have been found to occur in the mechanical properties [9; 10; 11; 12; 13; 14; 15] (including quality, density, longitudinal wave velocity, porosity and Young's modulus) of various rocks that have been subjected to freeze-thaw cycles. The results of these studies revealed that most physical characteristics and mechanical properties decline with greater numbers of freeze-thaw cycles. Moreover, uniaxial compressive strength, triaxial compressive strength, tensile strength and deformation characteristics of various rocks have been measured [16; 17; 18; 19]. It is believed that the low porosity and high strength of granitic rock plays a significant role in the low levels of damage that arise during freeze-thaw cycles, and that elastic modulus and uniaxial compressive strength (UCS) are suitable mechanical parameters to reveal freeze-thaw damage. In addition, the interaction between water and rock is of great importance to engineers worldwide. Acidic environments can also have a positive or negative effect on the physical characteristics and mechanical properties of buildings and rock masses [20]. Under the influence of temperature, dissolution of chemical matter in water will also affect rocks, especially when it coincides with freeze-thaw weathering. Some research has focused on the changes in physical characteristics and micro-mechanical properties of rock subjected to chemical corrosion. The mechanical properties have been investigated using the uniaxial compression test, tri-axial compression test and direct shear test [21; 22; 23; 24; 25; 26; 27]. The variation in mechanical properties of granitic rock subjected to the combined effect of chemical corrosion and different freeze-thaw cycles has been experimentally studied. It is believed that the deterioration of tonalite is much more obvious at earlier stages and becomes slower in later periods [28]. The phenomenon of freezing-thawing has also been extensively studied in limestone and sandstone, which share many common features.