# Fabrication of Smart Materials Using Laser Processing: Analysis and Prospects
## 1 Introduction
Laser remelting of the near-surface layer emerges as an effective method for microstructure manipulation, leading to reductions in thermal conductivity and resistivity. These changes translate into enhanced thermoelectric performance in metallic materials, as demonstrated through the case of the full-Heusler compound Fe\({}_{2}\)VAl in [35]. Laser irradiation can induce a photothermal reaction in materials, which results in changes in their mechanical properties. Laser processing can be used to change the shape and dimensions of a material by heating and cooling it. This is beneficial for creating shape memory materials that are activated using laser beam heating [36; 37]. Laser processing can be used to activate or introduce functional additives into a material, enhancing its properties [38; 39]. For example, laser-doped selective emitter diffusion techniques have become mainstream in solar cell manufacture [40]. This method is also a promising one-step method for creating conductive micropatterns for electronic devices and sensors [41]. Laser microfabrication can be employed to create micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS) with adaptive properties, such as microactuators and microsensors [42; 43; 44]. Laser processing can also be used to create optical structures and waveguides on the surface of materials, which can be useful for developing smart optical devices for photonics and optoelectronics [45; 46; 47]. All of the above-mentioned methods can be adapted for various materials, including metals, polymers, glasses, and composites. They have applications in diverse fields such as medicine, electronics, aerospace, and the development of smart technologies and sensors [48]. These are just a few examples of possible ways to create smart materials using laser processing, and research in this area continues to advance. It is worth noting that achieving precision in laser processing and controlling power density distribution for material modification are of paramount importance. Current optical systems have their limitations, which can only be circumvented by adopting an inefficient approach of selecting materials with broader temperature tolerance when designing laser modification processes. A more contemporary solution involves the utilization of computer-synthesized diffractive optical elements (DOEs) for shaping laser beams, enhancing the precision of power density distribution [49]. The primary goal of this article is to analyze structured data in the field of developing smart materials using laser technologies. During the analysis, special attention is given to evaluating the potential and effectiveness of laser processing for addressing various tasks and challenges. Methods for modifying materials by laser irradiation, including changes to their structure, properties, and shape, are examined. Prospects for creating smart materials with use of laser irradiation and their potential applications are discussed. This research is considered promising and holds significant practical value. It is expected that progress in the creation of smart materials using laser processing will have a substantial impact on various industrial sectors.