The authors reported that all the gum-rosin-based additives were able to improve the thermal stability and mechanical performance of TPS, particularly in the case of the gum resins with higher amounts of carbonyl groups in their chemical structures due to their interaction with the hydroxyl groups of starch and glycerol. The developed TPS/pine resin blends were finally proposed for rigid packaging and disposable applications in hot foods, such as lids for containers and cups for beverages. Some relevant physical improvements in TPS films were also obtained by [PERSON] et al. [3] through the incorporation of cellulose microfibers (CMFs) obtained from rice straw (RS) waste. Fractions of 1, 3, and 5 wt% CMFs were incorporated into TPS by melt mixing, whereas starch was also subjected to dry heating (DH) modification, yielding TPS modified via dry heating (TPSDH). It was observed that both DH modification and 3 and 5 wt% fiber loadings interfered with starch gelatinization, leading to non-gelatinized starch granules in the biopolymer matrix. This represents a remarkable green physical methodology for enhancing the water barrier capacity and tensile strength of starch films. Bio-based polymers also include thermoset resins, as demonstrated by [PERSON] et al. [4]. In this research work, green composites were developed using partially bio-based epoxy resin reinforced with lignocellulosic particles obtained from by-products or wastes of the flax industry. Different particles of flaxseed flour, with sizes ranging between 100-220 \(\upmu\)m and 40-140 \(\upmu\)m, were incorporated at different concentrations, that is, 10, 20, 30, and 40 wt%, into the bio-based epoxy resin during molding and thereafter characterized. The most promising results in terms of mechanical properties and water absorption were obtained for the lowest reinforcement content and with the finest particle size, yielding highly environmentally friendly composites with a wood-like appearance and potential use in furniture or automotive sectors. Another example of the development of the biorefinery concept achieved by means of the valorization of agricultural and food wastes was presented by [PERSON] et al. [5]. In this study, the authors performed the torrefaction of coffee husk flour at 250 \({}^{\circ}\)C and then incorporated it into polylactide (PLA) pieces produced by injection molding. A content of 20 wt% of torrefied coffee husk flour (TCHF) successfully yielded pieces with balanced mechanical properties and improved hardness, thermal degradation, and thermomechanical resistance, which can be of great interest in in the design of compostable rigid packaging (e.g., food trays and containers), beverage cups, and food contact disposables (e.g., cutlery and plates). Certainly, the best way to prevent the leakage of plastics into natural systems and its associated negative consequences is to support the growth of robust waste infrastructure. Indeed, plastic waste from land sources is continually flowing into world oceans via rivers due to accidents or carelessness, resulting in a high level of accumulation of plastics in the environment, the so-called \"white pollution\". Even though temperatures in nature are relatively low, different oligomers are often detected in the sea water and sand of coastal areas due to polymer degradation. In this regard, the study of [PERSON] et al. [6] analyzed the formation of styrene oligomers (SOs) from polystyrene (PS) decomposition in the thermal range from 30 to 150 \({}^{\circ}\)C. In this temperature range, 2,4,6-triphenyl-1-hexene (styrene trimer, ST) was the dominant product, which was an intermediate yielding 1,3-diphenylpropane (styrene dimer, SD\({}_{1}\)), 2,4-diphenyl-1-butene (styrene dimer, SD\({}_{2}\)), and styrene (styrene monomer, SM).