## 2 Materials and Methods
### Fieldwork  
The large concrete arch-gravity Moste Dam, built in 1952 on the Sava Dolinka River in the north-western part of Slovenia, was analyzed. It is the highest dam in Slovenia, with a structural height of 59.80 m. The dam crest has a length of 72.00 m, whereas the dam volume is 42,000 m\({}^{3}\). The spillway crest is at an altitude of 523.50 m. However, the steel gates, which have a height of 1.25 m, increase the effective spillway crest to the altitude of 524.75 m. The dam is located at the north latitude of 46.41\({}^{\circ}\), whereas the azimuth of the symmetrical axis of the downstream side of the Moste Dam is 186\({}^{\circ}\), so that it practically faces south.  
An automated system for the measurement of concrete and water temperatures, and for the monitoring of meteorological effects using a mobile automatic weather station (MAWS), was installed on the dam in July 2013. A system for taking automatic measurements of the water level of the reservoir and the height of the water spilling over the spillway crest had been established in 2000.  
Before determining the locations of the concrete temperature gauges and the water temperature gauges, preliminary calculations and analyses of the results of the conduction of heat through the concrete structure were performed, as well as a preliminary analysis of the available data regarding the oscillation of the water level of the Moste reservoir for the past 30 years.  
Three boreholes were drilled in the dam and six concrete temperature gauges were installed. In the upper borehole on the downstream side of the dam, which was made where the dam surface inclination is 30\({}^{\circ}\), four gauges (TC1 to TC4) were installed at different distances from the dam surface: TC1 at 0.1 m (520.3 m a.s.l.), TC2 at 0.2 m (520.2 m a.s.l.), TC3 at 0.5 m (520.0 m a.s.l.) and TC4 at 1.0 m (519.6 m a.s.l.). In the lower borehole on the downstream side of the dam, which was made where the dam surface inclination is 43\({}^{\circ}\), one gauge (TC6) was placed at a distance of 0.1 m from the dam surface (485.2 m a.s.l.). An additional concrete temperature gauge (TC5) was installed 0.3 m from the dam surface (521.2 m a.s.l.) in a borehole on the upstream side of the dam.  
The water temperature measurements were performed using four gauges (TW1 to TW4), placed in a reservoir in a steel pipe, which protected them against floating debris and rushing waters, located at altitudes 519 m, 521 m, 522 m and 523 m. The lowest gauge was installed at a depth that was not affected by the surface zone of changing water temperatures [43], which was confirmed by an additional gauge placed in the reservoir at altitude 511 m.  
The measurements of meteorological effects included the following parameters: solar radiation, precipitation, air temperature, wind speed and wind direction. The location of the MAWS, at an altitude 527.65 m, was determined after a detailed visual inspection of the area near the dam, bearing in mind easy accessibility, as few topographical obstacles as possible and low noticeability.  
An overview of the locations of the concrete and water temperature gauges as well as the MAWS is given in Figures 2-4.  
Figure 3: The locations of the mobile automatic weather station (MAWS) and of the temperature gauges on the downstream side of the dam (Photo: [PERSON]).  
Figure 2: The temperature monitoring system established in the central cross-section of the Moste Dam.