## 3 Results
### New Materials and Technologies of Rehabilitation Devices
Additionally, the use of biomaterials such as bioresorbable polymers opens the door to temporary devices that naturally degrade over time, reducing the need for repeat surgeries or device replacements [44]. These innovations in materials and technologies are driving the creation of highly functional, efficient, and adaptive rehabilitation solutions tailored to individual patient needs [45]. Soft robotics enhances the functionalities of robotics by designing and using 3D-printed robots to improve compliance, adaptability, and comfort in rehabilitation and physical therapy [46; 47; 48]. This requires scaling up the achievements of soft robotics to a small scale for a wide range of potential applications, including wearable and rehabilitation robots and exploring new rehabilitation environments (e.g., stimuli-responsive or living biohybrid materials) and their AI-based control. Their potential broad applications in clinical practice include manipulating objects and monitoring environments, including tasks that are dynamically shaped by modifying the task during its execution, as in everyday life (Table 7) [13]. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c} \hline \hline
**Possibility** & **Description** \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{Generative design optimization} & AI algorithms such as topology optimization have been tested to create lightweight yet strong prosthetics and orthopedic devices, reducing material usage while increasing durability. \\ \cline{2-3}  & AI-based scanning systems, such as those used by companies like \\ \cline{2-3}  & scanning and & ProsFit and UNYQ, analyze a patient’s anatomy and generate \\ \cline{2-3}  & personalization & precise 3D models for personalized medical devices [35; 36]. \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{
\begin{tabular}{c} Predictive \\ biomechanics \\ simulation \\ \end{tabular} } & ML models simulate the interaction of a 3D-printed implant or \\ \cline{2-3}  & orthosis with the patient’s body, ensuring optimal fit and function \\ \cline{2-3}  & before production. \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{Automatic defect detection in AM} & AI-based computer vision systems, such as those from GE \\ \cline{2-3}  & Additive/Colibrium Additive monitor the 3D printing process in real \\ \cline{1-1}  & time, detecting defects and ensuring the consistent quality of printed \\ \cline{1-1}  & \multicolumn{2}{c}{} \\ \cline{1-1}  & \multicolumn{2}{c}{} \\ \cline{1-1}  & AI models predict how different printable materials will behave \\ \cline{1-1}  & under stress, enabling the creation of personalized, high-performance \\ \cline{1-1}  & medical implants such as skull plates or \\ \cline{1-1}  & orthopedic supports. \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 7: Possibilities of AI in connection with AM have been proven or tested (authors’ own elaboration—authors studied all of them). The combination of AI and 3D printing allows for the optimization of material properties, creating solutions precisely tailored to the needs of patients in rehabilitation and physiotherapy (Table 8). Thermoplastic polymers such as PLA and ABS are widely used in 3D printing due to their ease of processing, but PLA, despite being biodegradable, is less flexible than other materials. TPU (thermoplastic polyurethane) is a flexible and abrasion-resistant material, ideal for printing orthopedic inserts and dynamic orthoses. PA (polyamide, e.g., Nylon) offers high mechanical strength and impact resistance, making it suitable for exoskeletons and orthopedic splints. PETG, an improved version of PET, is characterized by good chemical and mechanical resistance, which allows for its use in personalized limb stabilizers. Composite materials such as carbon or glass fiber reinforced polymers provide strength comparable to metal, which is crucial in prostheses and stabilizers. Silicone materials printed using SLA or DLP are ideal for creating flexible overlays on prosthetics, improving the comfort of use. Biomedical metals such as titanium (Ti6 Al4V), used in 3D printing, provide biocompatibility and high strength, which is useful in orthopedic implants.