## 3 Research Background and Hypotheses
### Environmental Awareness  
Several studies have highlighted the significance of environmental awareness in implementing green logistics [3; 16; 23; 25]. It represents the level of consciousness among logistics stakeholders regarding sustainability and environmental responsibility. An organization's eco-friendly reputation can drive environmental management success and support green innovation, including adopting eco-design principles and using environmentally friendly materials [45]. Customer satisfaction is a primary driver for businesses to implement green logistics practices. However, a lack of genuine commitment from some organizations has been observed. Customer pressure significantly contributes to financial performance,suggesting that managers should provide employees with more autonomy and flexibility [46; 47]. The application of green logistics practices is influenced not only by legislative, policy, or client needs but also by managerial environmental understanding, awareness, and human resources. A survey of Swedish logistics companies identified objectives such as improving the company's image, long-term cost savings, enhancing competitiveness, and responding to societal needs [48]. Social supervision plays a crucial role in the effectiveness of Green Logistics Policies (GLP) implementation. It involves public monitoring of negative environmental behaviors, violations of green laws, and government inaction. Social supervision, through public reporting and opinion, exerts external pressure on the government and logistics enterprises. This can influence policy effectiveness by prompting government action and adjusting enterprise behavior. Exposure of violations or proactive GLP implementation by logistics companies can lead to concerns about penalties and social image, potentially resulting in positive actions. Public dissatisfaction can compel the government to act cautiously to maintain social stability. While some scholars advocate for increased government supervision resources, the rapid transmission of information in the digital age suggests that external public or media supervision can form public opinions that drive government action. The study analyzes several facets of environmental awareness that significantly influence the adoption of green logistics, as outlined in Table 2. The research sets the hypothesis: **Hypothesis 1 (H1)** Environmental awareness of stakeholders influences organizational culture and green logistics implementation. The factors considered include knowledge of environmental issues and an understanding of challenges such as climate change, pollution, and resource depletion among logistics stakeholders. The perception of environmental impact evaluates stakeholders' awareness of the potential negative consequences of logistics operations and the necessity for sustainable practices. Commitment to environmental sustainability measures the extent to which individuals and organizations integrate sustainability principles into their logistics practices, including the willingness to invest in green technologies and adhere to environmental regulations. Environmental responsibility practices focus on implementing specific measures within logistics operations, such as waste reduction and energy efficiency. Stakeholder engagement in environmental initiatives assesses participation in sustainability programs and collaborations with environmental organizations. Lastly, monitoring and reporting environmental performance examines the extent to which stakeholders track and transparently report their sustainability progress using environmental metrics and key performance indicators.