## 4 Discussion
In the cited experiment, it was not observed that the consumption of probiotics contributes to the occurrence of significant differences (\(p\)-value = 0.248) in weight reduction between two groups on a reducing diet. However, the authors suggest that the intervention used may have a positive effect on the lipid profile and insulin sensitivity in obese women during the weight-loss stage. [PERSON] et al. [19] verified the hypothesis that probiotics (LA-5, _Lactobacillus casei DN001_, and BB-12) might have beneficial effects in alleviating inflammation and obesity complications, and acting synergistically with a healthy reducing diet. Moreover, although the authors showed that consuming probiotic yogaurt with or without a reduction diet for 8 weeks had a positive effect on the immune system in overweight andobese subjects, it was not noticed that the used probiotic strains significantly improved anthropometric parameters such as body weight, BMI value or circumference waist in the studied group. Furthermore, in the [PERSON] et al. [44] experiment, one of the assessed effects of yogurt supply from LA-5 and BB-12 for 4 weeks was changed in body weight and waist circumference in people with normal BMI. As in the case of the reports mentioned above, this experiment did not show the significant role of probiotic bacteria in changing anthropometric parameters in the studied group. The observed differences in body weight change ranged 0.1-0.5% (\(p\)-value = 0.45) depending on the group. [PERSON] et al. [45] evaluated the effect of drinking a symbiotic mousse containing LA-5 and prebiotics (inulin and fructooligosaccharides) on blood pressure as well as anthropometric and biochemical measurements of obese volunteers with metabolic syndrome. All evaluated parameters were measured at the beginning and after 8 weeks of intervention. In the cited study, none of the parameters assessed changed significantly in both the symbiotic and placebo groups. This was convergent with the results of our experiment and does not give grounds to claim that the probiotic yogurt with LA-5 and BB-12 strains significantly contribute to the reduction in parameters such as body weight, BMI, or VAT in obese people. The above-mentioned state of affairs may result from the fact that inconvenient conditions of the gastrointestinal tract (e.g., low pH, digestive agents present in the gastric and pancreatic secretions, presence of bile, etc. ), may have affected the LA-5 functionality and survival. Some reports demonstrated the low tolerance of LA-5 to artificial gastrointestinal juice in an assay that simulated the gastrointestinal tract conditions [45,46], which could explain why yogurt containing LA-5 and BB-12 failed to improve anthropometric parameters in obese patients in our study. On the other hand, BB-12 clearly shows high gastric acid and bile tolerance compared to other bifidobacteria [47]. There are limitations to this study that should be noted. The main one is the small research sample, including 54 subjects. The group of men in particular was small. This was due to the fact that the study protocol assumed the inclusion of subjects of similar height, age, and BMI in each subgroup (GP, GRD) to show small but potentially significant differences between them. More research is needed in this area on a larger group of people. The study was relatively short (12 weeks). We also have no guarantee that the participants of the intervention actually took yogurt in the recommended amounts and frequency. In order to verify the results achieved, long-term interventions with probiotic yogurts should be carried out in the future. Finally, the yogurts used were not made under controlled conditions by the authors of this study. This may have contributed to differences in the amount of live probiotic bacteria in a portion of the product, resulting from the conditions of transport and distribution of products in stores. However, we wanted to check the impact of commercially available probiotic yogurts used in everyday dietary practice.