# A Study on Analyzing Travel Characteristics of Micro Electric Vehicles by Using GPS Data
## 3 Methodology
### Driving Characteristics Comparison of Micro-EVs and Conventional Vehicles  
The micro-EV is smaller in size compared to regular vehicles, making it more suitable for driving on narrow roads. To support this claim, we evaluated the driving performance of both the micro-EVs and conventional vehicles on narrow roads. Using GPS data, we examined the roads traversed by the micro-EVs and selected sections with a road width of 5 m or less for the experiment. The selected sites for the experiment were divided into three sections, as shown in Figure 3. Section A consists of both normal and narrow road sections with a road width of 3 m. Section B is also composed of both normal and narrow road sections, but unlike Section A, it includes segments with road widths of 2 m \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c} \hline  & **Criteria** & **Description** \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{Trip} & Average number of trips & Average number of trips per day (\# of trips/day) \\  & Average distance per trip & Average travel distance per trip (km/trip) \\  & Average speed per trip & Average travel speed per trip (km/hour/trip) \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{Trip chain} & Average number of trip chains & Average number of trip chains per day (\# of trip chains/day) \\  & Average distance per trip chain & Average travel distance per trip chain (km/trip chain) \\  & Average speed per trip chain & Average travel speed per trip chain (km/hour/trip chain) \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{Daily usage} & Average usage time per day & Average usage time per day (hours/day) \\  & Average distance per day & Average travel distance per day (km/day) \\ \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 6: Variables to analyze travel behavior. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c} \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**Classification**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Stationary Period Due to Traffic Signals by Service Type(s)**} \\ \cline{2-4}  & **Shared Transport Service** & **Delivery Service** & **Public Service** \\ \hline
50 th percentile & 84 & 79 & 102 \\ \hline
85 th percentile & 111 & 110 & 142 \\ \hline
95 th percentile & 128 & 138 & 166 \\ \hline Stationary period standard for classifying trips & 110 & 110 & 140 \\ \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 5: Minimum stationary period for each service type. Figure 2: Concept of trip and trip chain classification. and 3 m. In contrast, Section C consists solely of a narrow road segment with a road width of 2 m. Section A is situated in a residential area, while Section B is located near fields and farmlands with minimal vehicular access. Additionally, Section C is surrounded by commercial establishments and residential buildings, which attract a high volume of pedestrians. To compare the driving capabilities of the micro-EVs and conventional vehicles, a representative car was selected to represent conventional vehicles in South Korea. According to the Motor Vehicle Management Act, vehicles are categorized into five types: passenger vehicles, motor vehicles for passengers and freight, freight motor vehicles, special motor vehicles, and two-wheeled motor vehicles. According to statistical data provided by the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, and Transport, passenger vehicles account for the largest proportion among registered vehicles (82.8% as of 2024). Furthermore, when comparing the number of registered vehicles based on engine displacement, the highest proportion is found in vehicles with a displacement of 1600-2000 cc (32.0% as of 2024) [7]. The market share of Hyundai and Kia in the domestic automobile market is very high (91.8% as of 2024) [31], and among the vehicles manufactured by Hyundai and Kia, a typical passenger vehicle within the 1600-2000 cc range is the Sonata. Therefore, in this study, the Hyundai Sonata was selected as a representative vehicle of conventional automobiles in South Korea. A Hyundai Sonata equipped with a GPS device was used to traverse the selected roads. The 11 participants drove the selected roads twice each.