## 1 Introduction  
The advent of the fifth generation (5G) of communications can revolutionize services by providing enhanced end user experiences, seamless coverage, high data rates, and low latency, thus significantly improving performance and reliable communications [1]. The rollout of 5G services in India began in October 2022 and will expand across 28 states and eight union territories by 2024. According to Ericsson's projections, the number of 5G users in India is expected to reach 700 million by the end of 2028 [2]. This technology is anticipated to play a pivotal role in achieving the goals of the Digital India Program established by the Government of India. The launch of 5G services in India faces several challenges, primarily the need to fundamentally redesign the communication system's core architecture. Unlike 4G, 5G struggles with long-distance data transmission, necessitating a denser network with small cell architecture--consisting of numerous low-power base stations for better coverage. This shift demands significant infrastructure investments, including more cell towers and improved supporting technologies to fully leverage 5G's capabilities and ensure seamless connectivity nationwide. Implementing this advanced infrastructure demands substantial investments in additional cell towers and supporting technologies to maximize 5G's potential. To overcome these obstacles, unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) present a promising solution, particularly within India's rapidly evolving metropolitan landscapes. As cities expand geographically, UAVs can function as dynamic aerial base stations, relays, or aerial servers [3; 4; 5]. We can significantly enhance communication performance and coverage by integrating these flying machines with existing base stations. This synergy facilitates improved data transmission and extends the reach of 5G networks, ultimately paving the way for a robust and interconnected future. UAV base stations are distinct from UAVs primarily due to their advanced communication infrastructure. Unlike UAVs, which may lack a dedicated communication system, UAV base stations--often referred to as drone base stations or flying base stations--are specifically designed to enhance connectivity. These stations are equipped with essential components such as antennas, transceivers, and power supplies, enabling them to establish reliable communication with ground users effectively. This robust setup allows for seamless data transfer, real-time monitoring, and improved operational efficiency in various applications, including surveillance, mapping, and emergency response. Furthermore, incorporating UAVs with wireless sensor networks can support various applications, such as agriculture, surveys, package and food delivery, aerial photography, etc. [6; 7]. UAVs will be invaluable in emergency and public safety scenarios in which the terrestrial network is compromised. By deploying UAVs with communication systems, authorities can establish temporary networks to coordinate rescue efforts and relay vital information [8]. The deployment of UAVs as base stations or communication relays necessitates a thorough assessment of the communication infrastructure requirements for effective service establishment. This consideration is particularly crucial given the limited energy capacity of UAVs. To achieve a successful network deployment, it is vital to determine several key factors: the optimal number of base stations required, the operational altitude for the UAVs, and the specific level of service expected by users. When UAVs are utilized for air-to-ground communication at low altitudes--essentially mirroring traditional cellular network principles--efficient deployment becomes increasingly paramount. A robust and precise channel model is essential in this context, as it provides the foundation for accurately calculating path loss and power consumption.