## 1 Introduction
The three regimes of fatigue life may be distinguished: nucleation, small crack growth (less than 2 mm), and long crack growth [18]. Internal flaws such as gas porosities, Lack of Fusion (LOF) flaws, and surface flaws or roughness have been identified as the most significant fatigue damage locations, particularly in powder bed fusion components. Also, a lot of research has been conducted on how AM specimens behave when fatigue loads are applied to the Low Cycle Fatigue (LCF) and High Cycle Fatigue (HCF) areas, with a focus on how cracks start and spread from manufacturing defects. Using sensitivity and parametric studies, it was possible to anticipate and study the fatigue behavior of the samples. The acquired findings demonstrate the great potential of a neural network that has been intensively trained to determine the effect of post-processing on the fatigue performance of Laser Powder Bed Fusion (LPBF) AlSi10 Mg samples. By increasing the effect of shot peening on surface modification, surface hardness, surface compressive residual stresses, and the depth of compressive residual stresses, the fatigue life of a material with a constant stress amplitude was greatly increased [19]. Cellular lattice structures frequently push LBPF manufacturing processes to their technical limits. One might conceive that the functionality of a lattice structure could be increased by using a lattice structure with a hybrid form, in which the topology or relative density of the unit cells varies across the structure. These hybrid lattice structures may be categorized as functionally graded lattice structures and mixed topology lattice structures. Adaptive local characteristics may be attained via the use of hybrid lattice structures by taking advantage of the capacity to modify the geometry of certain regions of the structure to better adapt to local loads. Additionally, by altering the topology of certain regions of the lattice structure, features such as fluid flow pathways or heat transfer qualities may be adapted to the local environment [20]. The mechanical characteristics of various lattices have been examined by several scientists. The octa-truss lattice structure is more effective than similar-density foams constructed from the same material. The octa-truss lattice's tensile strength, shear modulus, and stiffness suggest that this structure could be used instead of metal foams [21]. Therefore, non-destructive post-production testing is important for evaluating the real mechanical characteristics of manufactured components. When considering lattice components, the calculation of HCF life is a crucial factor. Numerical simulations may be a useful, non-disruptive technique to predict fatigue life. Nevertheless, the numerical characterization of the LBPF lattice is not simple since the original as-designed geometry might change significantly from the actual as-built geometry [22]. The prediction model based on the fault-tolerant design strategy, such as [PERSON]'s model [23], is often used to estimate the fatigue limit of AM materials. In this model, the defect is considered to be a fracture, and subsequently, [PERSON] developed a new parameter based on the predicted pore area to represent the fatigue limit as a function of porosity size and position [24]. Compared to the fatigue test of AM samples, this analytical method provides a realistic assessment of the endurance limit. The stress-strain distributions served as inputs for the Fatemi-Socie (FS) damage model [25], which made it feasible to calculate the fatigue lifespan. In addition, the acting stresses on the interior pores were found to exceed 450% of the distant stress amplitude. The findings support a scale-bridging numerical solution based on microstructural damage that compensates for the short crack formation stage. The study of fatigue strength of AM metals has focused on the effects of defects, as evidenced by the findings of several studies on the role of process-induced flaws in failure processes.