## 1 Introduction  
The depletion of non-renewable resources and the ecological crisis have made lignocellulosic an alternative biomass resource to petroleum-based feedstocks [1]. For instance, enzymatic hydrolysis in biomass refining facilitates the conversion of cellulose and hemicellulose into monosaccharides, which can be further converted into chemicals and biofuels such as ethanol [2], lactic acid [3], butanol [4], and levulinic acid [5]. However, the utilization of lignocellulosiculose is impeded by its structural complexity, resulting in challenges in lignin solubilisation and the irreversible non-productive adsorption of cellulase onto residual lignin within cellulose fibres. This adsorption is facilitated by hydrophobicity, electrostatics, and hydrogen bonding interactions during the hydrolysis process [6]. The prevailing consensus is that hydrophobic interactions primarily contribute to the non-productive adsorption of cellulase onto lignin. The cellulase enzyme contains hydrophobic groups, such as aromatic amino acids, which possess binding sites for hydrophobic interactions. These hydrophobic groups, including phenol hydroxyl and methoxy, exhibit a preference for recognizing the hydrophobic groups present on the surface of lignin. Consequently, during the process of enzymatic hydrolysis, cellulase tends to adsorb preferentially to lignin [7]. The ionization and association of distinct chemical groups in both lignin and cellulase can result in the development of net charges on the surfaces of both the lignin and the enzyme. This charge distribution may potentially lead to an attractive force between the lignin and the enzyme [8; 9]. Furthermore, the presence of hydroxyl groups in both lignin and cellulase may also contribute to this adsorption by facilitating hydrogen bond formation [10]. The reducing end of the cellulose chain can engage in hydrogen bonding with the phenolic hydroxyl group in the amino acid residue of cellulase Cel7A at the 10 binding sites. This interaction facilitates the entry of cellulose into the catalytic channel of the enzyme, thereby enhancing its effective degradation. Conversely, lignin's phenolic hydroxyl group is also capable of forming hydrogen bonds with cellulase's hydroxyl group; however, this interaction hinders enzyme hydrolysis [11]. It has been observed that during enzymatic hydrolysis, cellulase can irreversibly and non-productively adsorb onto lignin, resulting in some of the adsorption sites within the cellulase catalytic channel becoming occupied by lignin. Due to the compact structure and intricate chemical composition of lignocellulosic biomass, it is common practice to employ acids, alkalis, etc., to dissolve lignin [12]. Ozone is known for its significant chemical reactivity due to its high oxidation potential of 2.07 V [13]. [PERSON] et al., observed that the alkali lignin and sugarcane bagasse were pretreated by an ozonification process, leading to the double bonds (C=C) on lignin of the lateral chains being oxidized to alcohols, esters, or acid groups. Additionally, the lignin present in bagasse was oxidized from the beginning, which facilitated enhanced lignin removal and enzymatic hydrolysis [14]. The benzene ring present in both phenolic and non-phenolic structures of lignin engages in ring-opening reactions with ozone molecules, leading to the disruption of the aromatic ring. Additionally, carbon-carbon double bonds, ether bonds, hydroxyl groups, and unsaturated double bonds within the molecular side chains of lignin can undergo oxidation, resulting in the formation of hydrophilic groups such as carboxyl, carbonyl, and aldehyde. [PERSON] et al., pretreated oat straw with ozone and dilute sulfuric acid at low temperatures, and it was observed that ozone exhibited a preference for attacking and selectively degrading phenolic lignin, resulting in the formation of hydroxyl radicals (\(\bullet\)OH) in an aqueous solution. This process facilitated enzymatic hydrolysis and saccharification, particularly the conversion of xylose [15].