## 1 Introduction  
The AC/DC converters and output filters are a foremost and essential technology for linking Renewable Energy Sources (RES) and the electric grid. The converter enables energy transaction between the grid and RES in an appropriate, secure and dependable way. These types of DC-AC converters are informally called grid-tied inverters or Grid-Connected Inverters (GCI). The smart grid is the newest generation of the conventional power system grids which rely on the two-way power flow and information transfer competencies [1; 2; 3; 4; 5; 6; 7]. A traditional grid comprises control centres, power generation, transmission, distribution, and consumers [8]. Presently, with the progression of new digital technologies, like micro processed systems, and developments in power electronics, several applications have been deployed in the smart grid, particularly in the formulation of electronic energy converters and controllers. Of late, academics have made noteworthy contributionswhich have caused a significant effect on these domains, chiefly aimed at data acquirement, automation, and regulation of microgrids [9]. The microgrids do not merely assimilate the distributed generation with the utility grid in a dependable and tidy manner but also offer greater dependability in its capability to function despite natural phenomena and dynamic distribution grids, consequently causing reduced energy losses in transmission and dissemination and saving the time consumed in building and investment [10; 11; 12; 13; 14]. In literature, authors in [15] suggested an AC/DC hybrid microgrid comprising wind, supercapacitors, and hydrogen-based energy to regulate the power fed to the microgrid. This DC system has all energy sources coupled to a shared DC-bus, which is then linked with the grid using a primary inverter. How the variable load demand affects the system has not been analysed. One more hybrid DC/AC microgrid structure comprising photovoltaic and fuel cells were recommended in [16]. A synchronised function of unit power control and feeder flow control was formulated for improving system stability and decreasing the quantity of operating mode variations. A related hybrid microgrid configuration was introduced in [17]. Ref. [18] suggests appropriate day-ahead scheduling concerning the inclusion of hybrid microgrids in frequency regulation-based requirements. To service a frequency regulation market, all Distributed Generation (DG) comprising the microgrid is analysed for the balance between energy production and associated services. The authors in [19] suggest a technique for optimal power transmission and management in AC/DC hybrid microgrids. The penetration ratio specific to microgrids is a crucial indicator of the appropriate location of a microgrid in a power distribution setup. This study identifies the optimal location of the microgrid, considering two distribution systems. For these systems, the line losses and voltage characteristics are studied. Even though microgrids are taken into account on a minor scale, their technical intricacy of modelling and simulation is greater as against the traditional energy system. Hence, models facilitating dynamic analyses are crucial to ensure the stability of future microgrids. In contrast, there are three topologies specific to decoupled AC systems: a totally isolated two-stage setup, a setup comprising two partially-isolated stages, and a setup comprising three partially isolated stage. The environment and application for which the AC/DC hybrid microgrid shall be used to determine the optimal configuration [20]. The critical aspect of an interconnected setup is the direct connection of an AC microgrid with the utility grid using an AC converter. The microgrid connects with the utility grid with the transformer being set up at the point of connection, thereby creating galvanic isolation for microgrid and also decreasing voltage specific to low voltage AC grid.