# Assessment and Spatial Modelling of Agrochernozem Properties for Reclamation Measurements
## 5 Conclusions  
Global climate change is occurring on all parts of the Earth and is accompanied by an increase in the frequency of natural disasters. The trend of increasing average annual temperatures and decreasing precipitation creates a dangerous and unstable situation for agriculture. In this regard, irrigation will be expanded and actively applied, which will certainly affect the qualitative and quantitative characteristics of soils. Therefore, such fertile soils and the dynamics of their change under the influence of irrigation should be examined and studied.  
In this study, we examined the soil cover of the arable plot designated for irrigation in the southern forest-steppe zone of Russia (Southern Ural). The evaluation of morphological, physicochemical and agrochemical properties of soils showed that they had a thick humus-accumulative horizon, and were characterized by high organic carbon content (SOC) and neutral acidity. These soils were well supplied with nitrogen and potassium concentrations, but available phosphorus levels were low.  
The agrochernozem was characterized by favorable water-physical propertiesand showed good values for water infiltration and moisture categories. The granulometric composition of the soil horizons (Aplow-Bca) was characterized as heavy loamy, while Cea layer was classified as heavy clay. These soils have high potential fertility and are favorable for improving irrigation.  
These arable soils did not contain heavy metals or water-soluble salts at concentrations harmful to plants. The availability of micronutrients (lead, cadmium, mercury, cobalt, zinc and copper) was low, whereas manganese content was moderate.  
Using the random forest machine learning method, we modelled the spatial distribution and produced digital maps of the soil elements. In general, remote sensing variables were the most effective covariates in predicting soil parameters, which is explained by the spectral reflectance of bare soil. However, relief attributes can also explain the variation of soil properties on heterogeneous terrain and with higher spatial resolution. Thus, significant improvement in the spatial assessment of soil properties can be achieved using unmanned aerial vehicles and a good number of soil samples.  
Overall, the assessment and spatial modeling of agrochenozem properties are necessary to monitor the effectiveness of reclamation measures. By tracking changes in soil properties over time, we can determine whether our reclamation efforts are having the desired impact and make adjustments as necessary.  
**Author Contributions:** Conceptualization, R.S. ([PERSON]) and E.A.; methodology, A.S.; software, A.S.; validation, I.A. and G.G.; formal analysis, I.A.; investigation, R.S. ([PERSON]), A.S., G.Z., E.A., I.A. and G.G.; resources, R.S. ([PERSON]); data curation, E.A.; writing--original draft preparation, R.S. ([PERSON]) and G.Z.; writing--review and editing, R.S. ([PERSON]), E.A., A.S. and G.Z.; visualization, G.G.; supervision, R.S. ([PERSON]) and E.A.; project administration, R.S. ([PERSON]) and E.A.; funding acquisition, R.S. ([PERSON]), G.Z. and R.S. ([PERSON]). All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.  
**Funding:** This study was funded by the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation \(\ast\)PRIORITY 2030\(\ast\) (National Project \(\ast\)Science and University\(\ast\)).  
**Institutional Review Board Statement:** Not applicable.  
**Informed Consent Statement:** Not applicable.  
**Data Availability Statement:** Data are available upon request.  
**Conflicts of Interest:** The authors declare no conflict of interest.