## 3 Results and Discussion
### Current Knowledge on Virtual Reality and Metaverse
In terms of immersive industrial learning and training, incorporating learners' skills into real-world professional settings presents a complex challenge due to safety, personnel costs, liability issues, repetitive work, and insufficient feedback [17]. Nevertheless, immersion and fidelity are crucial in promoting active learning among participants, with increased immersion resulting in improved learning outcomes [17; 18]. Virtual environments hold the potential to serve as educational platforms, facilitating real-world simulations, professional training, synchronous interaction, and global collaboration. This, in turn, creates immersive and interactive learning experiences and enhances student engagement [17; 19]. A literature review on the efficacy of immersive metaverse industrial training [20] revealed that virtual reality improves knowledge retention by 80% [21]; VR-based training is, on average, four times faster than classroom training [22]; students utilizing virtual reality in training are 400% more focused compared to those employing traditional methods [22]; and individuals trained via virtual reality demonstrated reduced performance errors and increased precision compared to those trained through conventional approaches [21]. Consequently, immersion, as the most subjective characteristic, is directly proportional to learning. In the context of industrial training, employing virtual reality technology can add value due to its potential to augment information retention. Regarding multiuser environments, the growing popularity of virtual reality will drive the demand for more diverse multiplayer experiences, necessitating multiuser experiences [23]. Social interactions among participants form the foundation for collaborative interaction and can be amplified through specific virtual reality features, including shared vision, contribution, and communication [24]. On the other hand, user representation within the virtual environment is a crucial consideration. Different representation levels entail varying implications and benefits in terms of immersion, virtual awareness, and computational cost [23]. For single-player experiences, increased avatar complexity does not significantly enhance immersion but incurs performance costs, which are vital to virtual immersion. Regarding social interactions in multiuser environments, in multiuser contexts, facilitating seamless interactions among users is crucial. This necessitates accurate replication of the environment, well-defined interaction schemes, and appropriate feedback mechanisms to ensure that users are aware of their engagement with others. An effective multiuser virtual reality framework should aim to achieve these objectives while also providing ease of integration for various types of social interactions [23]. Another crucial aspect relates to voice communication systems in multiuser environments since verbal communication is a highly desirable feature within multiuser virtual environments [23]. Contemporary virtual reality devices are equipped with integrated microphones to facilitate this functionality. For a truly immersive metaverse experience, it is imperative to incorporate key elements such as multiuser environments, user representation, immersive interactions, and a robust multiuser voice communication system. The theoretical foundation underscores the merits of integrating immersive virtual reality technology with the metaverse concept. It is essential that a metaverse provides multiuser environments, user representation, immersive interactions, and a multiuser voice communication system to achieve its intended impact. The potential application in industrial training highlights the necessity and benefits of employing an immersive metaverse for learning. The development of a virtual reality environment that fosters social interaction, visual representation, and dialogue is crucial for enhancing industrial training outcomes.