# Two Novel Multidimensional Data Analysis Approaches Using InSAR Products for Landslide Prone Areas
## 4 Results  
In this study, landslide activity in the Buyukalan region of Antalya was investigated using multi-temporal InSAR analyses based on Sentinel-1 SAR data collected between 2015 and 2020. The objective was to identify the spatial and temporal characteristics of ground deformation and to analyze the directionality of surface motion. As part of the LiCSBAS processing workflow, interferograms from both the ascending and descending orbits were assessed, and those with low coherence values (coherence < 0.05) were excluded to ensure model reliability. The cumulative LOS (line-of-sight) velocity maps derived from the ascending and descending orbits revealed distinct deformation patterns across the study area. The descending orbit results highlighted more localized zones of displacement, while the ascending data captured broader and more intense deformation trends. Deformation velocities ranged approximately between \(-\)1.1 cm/year and +1.0 cm/year for the descending data, and \(-\)3.8 cm/year and +3.8 cm/year for the ascending data. These maps visualized long-term ground motion at the pixel level, enabling the identification of uplift and subsidence areas. To gain more detailed insight into the direction of deformation, the LOS velocities were further decomposed into vertical (up-down) and east-west components by combining the ascending and descending orbit data. The vertical component showed deformation values between approximately \(-\)1.9 cm/year and +2.3 cm/year, while the east-west component ranged from \(-\)2.8 cm/year to +2.9 cm/year. These decomposed maps provided clearer information on the directional properties of surface motion and contributed to understanding the spatial dynamics of landslide processes. The main findings can be summarized as follows:  
* Low-coherence interferograms were excluded, resulting in a more reliable deformation model;
* Temporal and perpendicular baseline analyses confirmed that the selected interferograms offered sufficient spatio-temporal coverage for SBAS processing;
* Cumulative LOS maps revealed significant surface displacement patterns, particularly in areas with complex topography and historical landslide activity; \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Basic Stats** & **Min** & **Max** & **Mean** & **Stdev** & **Num** & **Eigenvalue** \\ \hline Band 1 & \(-\)10.613440 & 10.802399 & \(-\)0.635378 & 1.882506 & 1 & 77.340558 \\ Band 2 & \(-\)37.604809 & 38.850689 & 0.387135 & 6.297917 & 2 & 5.389825 \\ Band 3 & \(-\)19.401117 & 23.173937 & \(-\)0.150252 & 3.575909 & 3 & 1.761477 \\ Band 4 & \(-\)28.515564 & 29.104,374 & \(-\)0.779784 & 5.338290 & 4 & 0.000189 \\ \hline
**Eigenvector** & **EV 1** & **EV 2** & **EV 3** & **EV 4** & & \\ \hline PC1 & \(-\)0.11459 & 0.705896 & 0.375482 & \(-\)0.58957 & & \\ PC2 & 0.679952 & 0.25827 & 0.484736 & 0.48579 & & \\ PC3 & \(-\)0.14363 & 0.659551 & \(-\)0.59168 & 0.440775 & & \\ PC4 & 0.709863 & 0.00005 & \(-\)0.52341 & \(-\)0.47131 & & \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 2: Principal component results obtained from the PCA applied to surface deformation velocity images and the associated trend patterns (Red and blue colors show highest and the lowest values for each column). * The decomposition of LOS data into vertical and east-west components allowed for a more accurate interpretation of the displacement directions. In this study, the deformation information obtained from both innovative methods was compared visually and spatially (Figure 9). In Figure 9a, the red areas correspond to the high deformation fields obtained using the MIRA method. Similarly, in Figure 9b, the red areas correspond to the high deformation fields obtained using the InCROSS method. The deformation results obtained from both methods are presented as an RGB color composite in Figure 9c. In Figure 9c, the R component of the color composite is taken from the MIRA data, while the B-G components are taken from the InCROSS data.