## 3 Results
### CropWAT for Water Crop Requirements  
This section includes calculation of the crop water requirements using the FAO free software CROPWAT 8.0, based on climate, soil, and crop data. Thus, three main variables were estimated by the units of water depth (mm): ETc, ER, and IWR. For preliminary planning, monthly data are frequently used, and the total of the data of the different crops over the area constitutes the basis for determining the supply.  
The climatic data were used to calculate the reference evapotranspiration ET\({}_{0}\), and by determining the timing of planting or sowing, the rate of crop development, the duration of crop development stages, and the growing season \(\mathrm{k}\mathrm{c}\) for a given crop were chosen. Then,  
Figure 9: Crop mapping using SVM and RF classification. (**A**) Northern part (**B**) Southern part.  
the ETc for each crop type was calculated for each 10 day period. Figure 10 shows the different crop types' evapotranspiration from October 2018 to August 2019. The curves show that this parameter increases in the driest months (July and August) for all crop types, while it decreases in the rainiest months (December to February). For the class of other crops followed by cereals, for example, the potential evapotranspiration reached up to 70 mm.  
Not all precipitation is effective, and in the most cases some of this precipitation can be lost through surface runoff, deep percolation, or evaporation. Only part of the high-intensity rain can penetrate and be stored in the root zone. These rains can be 100% effective when the vegetation cover is complete, while they can be only 60% effective with a low percentage of vegetation cover. The relationship between the average monthly ER and the average monthly rainfall is shown for different values of the average monthly ETc [55]. Figure 11 shows the evolution of ER for the different types of crops. The evolution curves of this parameter show that the crops' needs were met in the rainy months. However, in the dry months, these crops suffered from water stress.  
Figure 11: Effective rain.  
Figure 10: Potential evaporation of crops ETc.  
Irrigation water requirements are calculated using the field water balance, based on Etc and ER. They allow for optimal production in a given growing environment.  
Figure 12 shows the evolution of water requirements for agriculture for the different types of crops. In the rainy months, rainfall covers the water requirements of the crops; during this time, the water requirements for irrigation are expected to be very low. This parameter is strongly related to the climatic conditions and is directly influenced by variations in conditions. It is inversely correlated with the daily rainfall. Thus, it is high in the dry months and low in the rainy months.  
Figure 13 shows the total for the year of the three estimated parameters (ETc, ER, and IWR) for the different types of crops. For water irrigation requirements, other crops followed by cereals, olive trees, and fruit trees were the three types of crops that required a very large quantity of water, exceeding 500 mm. Vegetables required about 450 mm; the demand of cereals did not exceed 200 mm. The potential evapotranspiration was strongly correlated with the water demand; the crop types that demanded a lot of water were those that recorded high values of evapotranspiration. For the ER, the class that recorded the lowest values was vegetables, while the other classes recorded values higher than 300 mm.  
Figure 12: Irrigation requirements.  
Figure 13: Total Etc, Eff.Rain, and Irr.Req.