# Impact Analysis of Security Attacks on Mobile Ad Hoc Networks (MANETs)
## 2 Related Work  
[PERSON] et al. conducted a performance analysis of black hole and wormhole attacks on MANETs using the Network Simulator 2 (NS2) and the Ad hoc On-Demand Distance Vector (AODV) routing protocol [8]. Their study examined the impact of these attacks on the packet delivery ratio, end-to-end delay, and network load normalization. It is noteworthy that NS2 lacks built-in functionalities for simulating malicious attacks. Therefore, the authors modified the AODV protocol to simulate these attacks. The study concluded that black hole attacks had a more significant impact on the network compared to wormhole attacks, primarily due to higher packet loss. However, black hole attacks resulted in better network performance in terms of end-to-end delay. [PERSON] et al. investigated the impact of Man-in-the-Middle (MitM) attacks on MANETs using OMNeT++ and the NETA framework [5]. They employed the Ad hoc On-Demand Distance Vector (AODV) routing protocol and measured the effects of the attacks on the packet delivery ratio and end-to-end delay. Unlike the previous study, OMNeT++ with NETA allows for native simulation of network attacks. Their findings demonstrate that both message delay and message dropping variants of the MitM attack significantly impact the network, causing substantial increases in end-to-end delay and packet loss. [PERSON] et al. evaluated the performance of AODV and Dynamic Source Routing (DSR) protocols under Jellyfish Delay Variance attacks in a simulated MANET using NS2 [9]. The simulation involved fifty nodes with random waypoint mobility and a varying number of attacker nodes. End-to-end delay and throughput were measured. The paper proposes a method for detecting and removing Jellyfish attackers. This method utilizes node self-detection and neighbor detection. Each node stores trust attributes for its neighbors, which are updated before every transmission. The study concluded that both AODV and DSR experience significant improvement in end-to-end delay under attack when mitigation is implemented compared to no mitigation strategies. However, with an increasing number of attackers, throughput decreases significantly even with mitigation, although some improvement remains. However, the paper does not address the potential resource overhead associated with this trust-based approach, which is a crucial consideration for resource-constrained MANETs. [PERSON] et al. investigate the impact of black hole and rushing attacks on mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs) utilizing the AODV routing protocol [10]. Employing the NS2 simulator, the study meticulously analyses network performance under these attacks, considering metrics such as the packet delivery ratio, end-to-end delay, throughput, and packet loss. The findings reveal that black hole attacks pose a more severe threat, resulting in a drastically reduced packet delivery ratio and increased packet loss compared to rushing attacks. While black hole attacks exhibit lower end-to-end delay due to diminished routing overhead, this advantage is offset by a significant compromise in network reliability. Ultimately, this research underscores the vulnerabilities inherent in the AODV protocol, which malicious nodes can exploit to disrupt normal network operations. It is important to note that the scope of this study is limited to two specific attack types, with other potential threats to AODV performance remaining unexplored. Additionally, the reliance on NS2 simulations may not fully encapsulate the complexities of real-world attacks as the previously discussed NS2 lacks a built-in functionality to simulate malicious attacks. [PERSON] et al. investigate the impact of black hole attacks on the performance of MANETs utilizing the AODV routing protocol [11]. By employing the OMNET++ simulator, the authors simulated various network scenarios with different numbers of nodes and black hole attackers.