# Analysis of Trends in Korean BIM Research and Technologies Using Text Mining
## 4 Analysis of BIM-Related Research  
### Frequency Analysis  
In the frequency analysis, excluding BIM, the keywords \"building(s)\", \"information\", and \"model(ing)\" all ranked high because they were searched for as BIM keywords. The other top 30 words by total counting are shown in Table 3 and by period are shown in Table 4. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c} \hline \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**Rank**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Period A**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Period B**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Period C**} \\ \cline{2-7}  & **Words** & **Freq.** & **Words** & **Freq.** & **Words** & **Freq.** \\ \hline
1 & design (1) & 114 & design (1) & 363 & design (1) & 476 \\
2 & construction (1) & 125 & construction (1) & 296 & construction (1) & 275 \\
3 & process (1) & 87 & system (1) & 191 & system (1) & 204 \\
4 & data (1) & 53 & process (1) & 187 & process (1) & 203 \\
5 & system (1) & 51 & data (1) & 137 & data (1) & 192 \\
6 & architecture (1) & 48 & energy (2) & 124 & architecture (1) & 167 \\
7 & space & 47 & architecture (1) & 111 & library (2) & 115 \\
8 & management & 39 & management & 109 & energy (2) & 108 \\
9 & domestic (1) & 35 & structure & 105 & domestic (1) & 105 \\
10 & simulation (2) & 31 & domestic (1) & 99 & structure & 104 \\
11 & structure & 29 & standard (2) & 84 & space & 87 \\
12 & ifc (2) & 25 & quality (2) & 78 & management & 86 \\
13 & application (2) & 24 & performance (2) & 73 & performance (2) & 85 \\
14 & tool (2) & 24 & simulation & 66 & cost (2) & 85 \\
15 & 3d (2) & 24 & space & 64 & ifc (2) & 80 \\
16 & energy & 23 & application & 64 & quantity (2) & 78 \\
17 & level (2) & 20 & quantity (3) & 63 & 3d & 76 \\
18 & interoperability (2) & 20 & cost (3) & 60 & tool & 69 \\
19 & standard & 19 & ifc & 59 & standard & 64 \\
20 & traditional (2) & 19 & tool & 59 & application & 64 \\
21 & safety & 18 & facility & 57 & evaluation & 62 \\
22 & digital & 18 & guidelines & 55 & simulation & 58 \\
23 & integrated & 17 & evaluation & 49 & facility & 56 \\
24 & cost & 15 & environment & 47 & quality & 54 \\
25 & software & 15 & software & 47 & environment & 51 \\
26 & remodeling & 15 & library (3) & 46 & maintenance & 51 \\
27 & exchange & 14 & 3d & 41 & engineering (3) & 48 \\
28 & collaboration & 14 & open (3) & 41 & integrated & 40 \\
29 & environment & 13 & green (3) & 41 & civil (3) & 40 \\
30 & database & 13 & integrated & 35 & knowledge (3) & 40 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular} (1) The top ranked words in all three periods. (2) The top ranked word for each period. (3) Newly emerging keywords for each period.  
\end{table} 
Table 3: Frequency analysis (Total, Top 30). On the basis of the time frequency analysis by period, regardless of the content, the most commonly ranked words are \"design\", \"construction\", \"system\", \"process\", \"data\", \"architecture\", and \"domestic.\" This study shows that BIM is still applied to the design phase the majority of the time, and researches related to the utilization of BIM data and studies for domestic utilization are being actively conducted. Figure 4 shows the graphs of the word frequency for each of the three periods excluding seven common words (design, construction, system, process, data, architecture, and domestic). In terms of periods, the words \"simulation\", \"ifc\", \"application\", \"tool\", \"3D\", \"level\", \"interoperability\", and \"traditional\" were ranked higher in Period A than the other periods when BIM was introduced. There appears to be an interest in the problem of exploration and application of the new BIM paradigm in comparison with traditional methods and 3D authoring tools for implementing it. In Period B (development), when BIM research was actively conducted, the use of BIM was not limited to that of just a modeling tool; as interest in the utilization of BIM increased for maintaining the quality and performance of the building, research on energy increased significantly and the word \"green\" emerged.