# Diversity and Functional Evolution of Terpene Synthases in Rosaceae
## 5 Conclusions  
In conclusion, this study investigated the TPS gene family in eight sequenced Rosaceae species through classification, chromosomal location, orthologous relationships, and duplication analysis. The distribution of the TPS gene family among Rosaceae species revealed a diversity of family number and function; lineage-specific expansion of the TPSs accompanied by frequent domain loss were widely observed within different TPS clades. We further provided their tissue-specific expression pattern in _F. vesca_, _M. domestica_, and _P. persica_, revealing the expression differentiation of TPSs between paralogs/species. The findingsrevealed the evolution of TPSs in Rosaceae and will be highly useful for further genetic improvement of Rosaceae species. The following supporting information can be downloaded at [[https://www.mdpi.com/article/10.3390/plants11060736/s1](https://www.mdpi.com/article/10.3390/plants11060736/s1)]([https://www.mdpi.com/article/10.3390/plants11060736/s1](https://www.mdpi.com/article/10.3390/plants11060736/s1)). Table S1: Pfam domain distribution in the TPSs of eight Rosaceae species (sheet a); motif distribution in the TPSs of three Rosaceae species (sheet b); the alternative splicing transcripts of putative TPSs in _F. vesca, M. domestica_, and _P. persia_ (sheet c). Table S2: Information of all TPSs analyzed in this study, (XLSX); Table S3: Ka/Ks ratio of TPSs in Rosaceae; Table S4: Expression values of TPSs in _F. vesca, M. domestica_, and _P. persia_. Figure S1. A Neighbor-joining phylogenetic tree of TPSs of the TPS proteins in three Rosaceae species (_P. persia_, _M. domestica, F. vesca)_. Figure S2. A maximum-likelihood phylogenetic tree of six representative Rosaceae species TPS gene family. The branches of TPS-a, TPS-g, TPS-b, TPS-c, TPS-e and TPS-f clades are colored in blue, yellow-green, green, red, purple and cyan, respectively. Figure S3. Chromosomal locations of TPS family members in peach 'Lovell' genome. The gene location visualize package of TBTools was used to exhibit chromosomal locations of the TPS genes. The number to the left of each chromosome represented the size of the chromosome in bp. Figure S4. Chromosomal locations of TPS family members in _Prunus mume_ genome. The gene location visualize package of TBTools was used to exhibit chromosomal locations of the TPS genes. The number to the left of each chromosome represented the size of the chromosome in bp. Figure S5. Chromosomal locations of TPS family members in _Prunus mira_ genome. The gene location visualize package of TBTools was used to exhibit chromosomal locations of the TPS genes. The number to the left of each chromosome represented the size of the chromosome in bp. Figure S6. Chromosomal locations of TPS family members in _Malus x domestica_ genome. The gene location visualize package of TBTools was used to exhibit chromosomal locations of the TPS genes. The number to the left of each chromosome represented the size of the chromosome in bp. Figure S7. Chromosomal locations of TPS family members in _Pyrus betulifolia_ genome. The gene location visualize package of TBTools was used to exhibit chromosomal locations of the TPS genes. The number to the left of each chromosome represented the size of the chromosome in bp. Figure S8. Chromosomal locations of TPS family members in _Fragaria vesca_ genome. The gene location visualize package of TBTools was used to exhibit chromosomal locations of the TPS genes. The number to the left of each chromosome represented the size of the chromosome in bp. Figure S9. Chromosomal locations of TPS family members in _Rosa chinensis_ genome. The gene location visualize package of TBTools was used to exhibit chromosomal locations of the TPS genes. The number to the left of each chromosome represented the size of the chromosome in bp. Figure S10. Expression pattern of TPS genes in three Rosaceae plants (_P. persica_, _M. domestica, F. vesca_). The x-axis represents different samples (ripe fruit, immature fruit and leaf), the y-axis represents TPS genes.