# A Survey on Formal Verification and Validation Techniques for Internet of Things
## 6 Use of AI in Software Testing
### Examples of Tools
Usetrace can also detect defects and vulnerabilities and provide recommendations for improving software quality. The tool provides a dashboard that simplifies defect tracking and management and offers detailed reports and analytics on \(TST_{NG}\) activities. These tools demonstrate the diverse ways in which AI can be applied to software \(TST_{NG}\), including visual \(TST_{NG}\), test case generation, defect detection, and automated \(TST_{NG}\) across multiple platforms and environments. By using AI-based \(TST_{NG}\) tools, developers and testers can improve the efficiency, effectiveness, and quality of software \(TST_{NG}\), ultimately leading to better software products and greater customer satisfaction. Table 6 provides a summary of various AI-based \(TST_{NG}\) tools with their functionalities and advantages. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{p{113.8 pt} p{113.8 pt} p{113.8 pt}} \hline
**Tool Name** & **Functionality** & **Advantages** \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{Applitools} & \multirow{4}{*}{AI-powered visual \(TST_{NG}\)} & Automatically detects visual defects and inconsistencies. Compares screenshots across multiple devices, browsers, and resolutions. Integrates with popular \(TST_{NG}\) frameworks such as Selenium and Appium. Provides a dashboard for easy defect tracking and management. \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{Appvance IQ} & \multirow{4}{*}{AI-based test case generation and execution} & Automatically generates and executes test cases across multiple platforms and environments. Analyzes user behavior to generate test cases covering the most-critical and common use cases. Detects defects and vulnerabilities. Provides insights and recommendations for improving software quality. Offers a dashboard for easy defect tracking and management. \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{Functionize} & \multirow{4}{*}{AI-based test case generation, execution, and defect detection} & Automously generates and executes test cases. Analyzes user behavior to generate test cases covering the most-critical and common use cases. Automatically detects and prioritizes defects based on severity. Provides a dashboard for easy defect tracking and management. Reduces time and effort required for test case creation and maintenance. \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{Mabl} & \multirow{4}{*}{AI-based issue identification and prioritization} & Automatically identifies and prioritizes issues. Generates and maintains test cases. Automatically detects issues and vulnerabilities. Provides a dashboard for easy defect tracking and management. Reduces the time and effort required for test case creation and maintenance. \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{ReTest} & \multirow{4}{*}{AI-based test case generation and defect detection} & Analyzes software requirements to generate test cases covering all possible combinations of input parameters. Automatically detects defects and vulnerabilities. Provides insights and recommendations for improving software quality. Offers a dashboard for easy defect tracking and management. Ensures complete test coverage. \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{Sauce Labs} & \multirow{4}{*}{AI-based automated \(TST_{NG}\) for web and mobile applications} & Provides automated \(TST_{NG}\) across multiple platforms and environments. Detects defects and vulnerabilities. Provides insights and recommendations for improving and management. Consures complete test coverage. \\ \cline{1-1}  & & Provides automated \(TST_{NG}\) across multiple platforms and environments. Detects defects and vulnerabilities. Provides insights and recommendations for improving software quality. Offers a dashboard for easy defect tracking and management. Ensures complete test coverage. \\ \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 6: Summary of AI-based testing tools.