###### Abstract
A 2019 study found that poor diet was responsible for more deaths globally than tobacco or any other health risk, accounting for one in every five deaths (i.e., 10.9 million deaths) (22% of all deaths among adults) in 2017, with cardiovascular disease as the leading cause, followed by cancer and diabetes. Poor diet also represented 16% of all disability-adjusted life years among adults globally, with Egypt having the highest rate of diet-related deaths in 2017, while Japan had the lowest, emphasising the role of nutritional habits. Although the composition and impact of individual dietary factors vary across nations, a low intake of fibre (i.e., whole grains), fruit, vegetables, nuts and seeds, and omega-3 fatty acids, as well as a high intake of sodium, especially from processed foods, accounted for more than 50% of diet-related deaths, while the remaining were attributed mainly to a high consumption of red meat, sugar-sweetened beverages, and trans fats [10]. Despite the overall medical progress, the World Health Organization, through its annual World Health Statistics Report of 2023, predicted that according to the present trend, by approximately 2050 chronic diet-related diseases, such as cardiovascular disease, cancer, and diabetes, will account for 86% of the 90 million deaths each year, a staggering 90% increase in absolute numbers since 2019 [11]. LC is a chronic liver condition resulting from prolonged liver injury secondary to viral hepatitis, alcohol abuse, and metabolic dysfunction. Drug-induced liver injury, monogenic diseases (hemochromatosis, [PERSON] disease, alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency, lysosomal acid lipase deficiency, familial hypercholesterolemia, and other inborn errors of metabolism), and miscellaneous or idiopathic causes account for only a minority of cases. Since the implementation of universal hepatitis B vaccination and the development of highly effective antiviral treatment against hepatitis C infection, we are witnessing an alarming surge in the global incidence of liver cirrhosis (LC) caused by metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis liver disease (MASLD), a new terminology recently introduced by the American and European Associations for the Study of Liver Diseases [12]. While in developing countries viral hepatitis and alcohol abuse still account for a significant proportion of LC cases, MASLD, as a predominantly diet-related disease, has rapidly become the most common cause of chronic liver impairment, affecting more than 30% of the global population. Although it was considered to be more prevalent in countries with high standards of living, metabolic syndrome, as the main cause of MASLD, has registered an overall dramatic surge in incidence, as a result of remarkable changes in lifestyle, diet, and globalisation. A recent study analysing the incidence trends of LC caused by metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH), formerly nonalcoholic steatohepatitis-atitis (NASH), found an alarming increase in incidence of about 105.56% globally between 1990 and 2017 [13]. Along with the rising epidemic of obesity, MASLD/MASH might soon replace viral hepatitis as the most important aetiology of LC, causing an unimaginable clinical and economic burden. Comorbidities of MASLD, like obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidemia, and cardiovascular disease (hypertension, atherosclerosis, ischemic heart disease, etc. ), are diet-related risk factors that significantly contribute to the progression of liver impairment. Approximately 20-50% of MASLD patients will suffer from LC within 10 years [14], as a result of an annual rate of fibrosis progression of more than 40%, with an incidence of advanced fibrosis of 67.9 in 1000 person-years [15]. In addition to MASLD, alcohol use disorder is an important risk factor for alcohol-associated liver disease (ALD), significantly contributing to malnutrition and micronutrient deficiencies in patients with LC. Alterations in nutrient metabolism are common in chronic alcohol use and may contribute to alcohol-induced organ injury [16].