# Impact of One Additional Substitution on Player Load and Coaching Tactics in Elite Football
## 6 Results  
### Evaluation of TOS  
All results are presented in Table 2 following this results section. The analysis showed that the overall average TOS of the matches without extra time (\(M_{\text{TOS}}=69.75\), \(SD=14.96\)) was significantly lower than in matches with extra time (\(M_{\text{TOS}}=84.42\), \(SD=19.84\)), \(U=59\),\(138.50\), \(Z=-9.537\), \(p<0.001\), \(\eta^{2}=0.018\). The average TOS of the first three substitutions in matches without extra time (\(M_{\text{TOS}}=69.75\), \(SD=14.96\)) was significantly lower than in matches with extra time (\(M_{\text{TOS}}=77.60\), \(SD=17.32\)), \(U=59\),\(038.50\), \(Z=-4.867\), \(p<0.001\), \(\eta^{2}=0.061\). The average TOS of the first substitution in matches without extra time (\(M_{\text{TOS}1}=57.93\), \(SD=14.62\)) was significantly lower than in matches with extra time (\(M_{\text{TOS}1}=63.78\), \(SD=14.21\)), \(U=6860.00\), \(Z=-2.718\), \(p=0.007\), \(\eta^{2}=0.061\). The average TOS of the second substitution in matches without extra time (\(M_{\text{TOS}2}=71.25\), \(SD=10.17\)) was significantly lower than in matches with extra time (\(M_{\text{TOS}2}=77.76\), \(SD=12.16\)), \(U=6431.00\), \(Z=-3.280\), \(p=0.001\), \(\eta^{2}=0.061\). The average TOS of the third substitution in matches without extra time (\(M_{\text{TOS}3}=80.96\), \(SD=9.28\)) was significantly lower than in matches with extra time (\(M_{\text{TOS}3}=91.51\), \(SD=13.08\)), \(U=4180.00\), \(Z=-5.595\), \(p<0.001\), \(\eta^{2}=0.061\). The average TOS of the additional substitution in matches with extra time was \(106.38\) (\(SD=7.83\)). The overall utilisation rate of the matches without extra time (\(M_{\text{LIR}}=97.37\%\), \(SD=16.00\%\)) did not differ from that of matches with extra time (\(M_{\text{LIR}}=97.69\%\), \(SD=15.07\%\)), \(U=106\),\(587.00\), \(Z=-0.262\), \(p=0.793\), \(\eta^{2}=0.011\). The utilisation rate of the first three substitu \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c} \hline \hline
**Variables** & **Tournament Regular Time** & **Tournament Extra Time** & **Statistics** \\ \hline allowed substitutions & 3 & 3 (+1) 1  \\ \hline
**OTOS** [min of play] & 69.75 (\(SD=14.96\)) & 84.42 (\(SD=19.84\)) & \(p<0.001\), \(\eta^{2}=0.018\) \\ \(\mathcal{O}\)TOS1 [min of play] & 57.93 (\(SD=14.62\)) & 63.78 (\(SD=14.21\)) & \(p=0.007\), \(\eta^{2}=0.061\) \\ \(\mathcal{O}\)TOS2 [min of play] & 71.25 (\(SD=10.17\)) & 77.76 (\(SD=12.16\)) & \(p=0.001\), \(\eta^{2}=0.061\) \\ \(\mathcal{O}\)TOS3 [min of play] & 80.96 (\(SD=9.28\)) & 91.51 (\(SD=13.08\)) & \(p<0.001\), \(\eta^{2}=0.061\) \\ \(\mathcal{O}\)TOS4 [min of play] & - & 106.38 (\(SD=7.83\)) & rISC = 32.31\% \\ \(\mathcal{O}\)NS & 2.94 & 3.89 & rISC = 32.31\% \\ LRPs [min] & 23.91 & 38.87 & \\ rLRPs & 2.56\% & 3.15\% & \\ rLR & 7.51\% & 12.23\% & ILR = 26.08\% \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 2: Overview of the relevant data results from Study 2; comparison of the tournament (World Cup and DFB-Cup) matches with and without extra time. tions did not differ between matches ending in regular time (\(M_{\text{LIR}}=97.37\%\), \(SD=16.00\%\)) and matches with extra time (\(M_{\text{LIR}}=99.38\%\), \(SD=7.86\%\)), \(U=78,579.00\), \(Z=-1.566\), \(p=0.117\), \(\eta^{2}=0.002\). The resulting average number of substitutions was 2.94 in matches ending in regular time and was 3.89 in matches ending after extra time. The relative increase of the substitution contingent was calculated to 32.31% in Equation (8) and higher than the actual share of the added substitution in the substitution contingent (25%). Therefore, the additional substitution in extra time was assessed as beneficial towards the tactical influence of coaches on the match. The relative load reduction per substitution was calculated at 2.56% in Equation (2), resulting in a relative load reduction of 7.51% in Equation (3) for every match that ended in regular time. For matches with extra time, the relative load reduction per substitution was 3.15%, resulting in a relative load reduction of 12.23% per match.