# Situational Adaptation of the Open Wagon Body to Container Transportation
## 1 Introduction
In [7], the authors propose the modernized bearing structure of the wagon intended for the transportation of containers by installing fitting stops. The results of experimental studies into the strength of the bearing structure of a wagon at the most unfavorable operating loads are presented. It is demonstrated that the proposed modernization ensures the strength of the bearing structure of the wagon. Peculiarities of modernization of the wagon for container transportation are covered in [8]. The authors propose the use of a detachable frame to accommodate 20- and 40-foot containers. The results of the strength calculation of the frame are presented. It was found that the proposed design solutions are appropriate. It should be noted that this modernization was implemented on the example of flat wagons. In case of their shortage, it is advisable to use this modernization for other wagon types, including open wagons, it being the most common wagon type in operation. The authors of studies [9; 10] propose the use of detachable modules for the situational adaptation of wagons to the transportation of various types of freight, including containers. These modules operate as swap bodies. The structural features of these detachable modules were substantiated and the strength was calculated at main operational load modes. At the same time, these modules are adapted to transportation on flat wagons, which narrows the demand for them. Of scientific interest is [11], in which the authors propose the design of the wagon for the combined transportation of various types of freight both in the body and in containers to avoid empty runs. The wagon for combined trains has a frame, running gears with bogies, coupler devices, braking devices, and a body. Here, the body is made in the form of an open wagon with the side and end walls and the bottom. The wagon frame is equipped with stops to secure containers. The stops are installed in the corners of the body and can be either fitting stops or any other. In [12], a similar design of a wagon is proposed; it contains a body with the frame resting on bogies. The body consists of the end and sidewalls, and the frame has fitting stops for containers. To guide the container during its loading and unloading, corner guide rails are installed on the end walls. Side guide rails are installed on the sidewalls. The side guide rails are located at an angle to the sidewall and can be removed. The corner guide rails consist of two parts. It should be noted that if containers are fastened according to the diagrams given in [11; 12], the load from them is transferred to the body as concentrated loading, i.e., at four points. The technological gaps between the stops and the fittings can induce the container's own degree of freedom during transportation. This increases the load, not only on its structure, but also on the fitting stop, which can cause its damage. In article [13], the authors discuss the issues of the systematic and dynamic approach to assessing the effectiveness of the interconnection of trans-border transport infrastructure. A mathematical model was developed that made it possible to determine the quantitative variables. The features of testing this model and its application for the Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macau Bridge are also given. An overview of modern approaches to improving the efficiency of transport is covered in [14]. The authors classify all types of methods for analyzing traffic monitoring. Macro-transport flows and micro-road behavior were taken into account. Also of interest is study [15], in which a new model for forecasting a traffic flow is proposed. This model combines visual methods of quantifying the macroscopic parameters of traffic flow, the density function in time, and the flow feedback in spatial characteristics. It is important to say that the approaches developed and proposed in [13; 14; 15] were not considered in relation to rail container transportation, which would also improve operation efficiency.