## 2 Main Xanthophylls Present in Microalgae
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{p{113.8 pt} p{113.8 pt} p{113.8 pt} p{113.8 pt} p{113.8 pt} p{113.8 pt}} \hline
**Xanthophyls** & **Microalgae** & **Extraction Processes** & **Concentrations** & **Applications** & **References** \\ \hline \multirow{10}{*}{Fucucoxanthin} & _Tisochrysis lute_ & Ultrasonic-assisted extraction & 0.25 mg/g dw & & [26] \\ \cline{2-5}  & _Cyclotella mereglitisma_ & & 2.3 mg/g & & \\ \cline{2-5}  & _Mallomonas_ sp. & & 26.6 mg/g & & \\ \cline{2-5}  & _Nitzschia cf. carinospeciosa_ & & 5.5 mg/g & & \\ \cline{2-5}  & _Phaeodactylum tricornutum_ & & 10 mg/g & & \\ \cline{2-5}  & _Paralia longispina_ & & 1.4 mg/g & & \\ \cline{2-5}  & _Isochrysis_ aff. _galhma_ & & 1.8\% dw & & \\ \cline{2-5}  & _Odontella aurita_ & & up to 2.2\% dw & & \\ \cline{2-5}  & _Thalassisira weissflogii_ & Solvent extraction & 5.1 mg/L/d & & [30] \\ \hline \multirow{10}{*}{ASX} & \multirow{6}{*}{_Haematococcus plurialis_} & Conventional extraction & 900 kg/2 ha/year & & [31] \\ \cline{2-5}  & & Two-stage system & 3.8\% dw & Antioxidant, anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, ocular protective effect, antidiabetic, coloring agent & [32] \\ \cline{2-5}  & & Enzyme extraction & 3.8\% dw & Antioxidant, anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, ocular protective effect, antidiabetic, coloring agent & [33] \\ \cline{2-5}  & & Conventional extraction & 2-3\% dw & & [34] \\ \cline{2-5}  & & Pressurized extraction & 99\% of total AS & & [35] \\ \cline{2-5}  & _Haematococcus lacustriis_ & Mechanical extraction & 18.8 mg/L & & [36] \\ \hline \multirow{10}{*}{Lutein} & _Chlorella vulgaris_ & Heptane-ethanol– water extraction & 30 mg/g & & [37] \\ \cline{2-5}  & _Chlorella minutilsima_ & Solvent extraction & 5.58 mg/g & & [38] \\ \cline{2-5}  & _Chlorella srokinina_ & Solvent extraction & 7.62 mg/L/d & & [39] \\ \cline{2-5}  & _Serendesmus bijtagus_ & & 2.9 mg/g & & [40] \\ \cline{2-5}  & _Dunaliella salina_ & Conventional extraction & 15.4 mg/m\({}^{2}\)/d & & [41] \\ \cline{2-5}  & _Chlorella protothecoides_ & Maceration & 83.8 mg/L & & [42] \\ \cline{2-5}  & _Chlorella protothecoides_ & Mechanical & 4.92 mg/g & Antioxidant, light-filtering, eye protection, colorant, potential therapeutic use against several chronic diseases, lower risk of cancer, anti-inflammatory benefits & [43] \\ \cline{2-5}  & _Tetraselmis_ sp. & CTP4 & Mechanical & 3.17 mg/g dw & [44] \\ \cline{2-5}  & _Chlamydomonas_ sp. & Solvent extraction & 5.08 mg/L/d & & [45] \\ \cline{2-5}  & _Muriellopsis_ sp. & Solvent extraction & 100 mg/m\({}^{2}\)/d & & [46] \\ \cline{2-5}  & _Chlamydomonas acidophila_ & Solvent extraction & 20 mg/L & & [47] \\ \cline{2-5}  & _Serendesmus almeriensis_ & Accelerated solvent extraction & 8.54 mg/g & & [48] \\ \cline{2-5}  & _Serendesmus obliquus_ & Solvent extraction & 3.63 mg/g & & [49] \\ \cline{2-5}  & _Desmodesmus_ sp. & Solvent extraction & 5.22 mg/L/d & & [50] \\ \cline{2-5}  & _Coelastrella sp._ & Accelerated solvent extraction & 6.49 mg/g & & [40] \\ \hline \multirow{10}{*}{Zexanthin} & _Heterochlorella luteoviridis_ & Moderate electric field & 244 \(\mu\)g/g & Antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, eyes and UV light protection, prevention of coronary syndromes, anti-tumor, anti-cardiovascular diseases, and structural actions in neural tissue & [21] \\ \cline{2-5}  & _Nammchloropsis aculata_ & Supercritical fluids extraction & 13.17 mg/g & & [51] \\ \cline{1-1} \cline{2-5}  & _Chlorella ellipsoidea_ & Pressurized liquid extraction & 4.26 mg/g & syndromes, anti-tumor, anti-cardiovascular diseases, and structural actions in neural tissue & [52] \\ \cline{1-1} \cline{2-5}  & _Synechocystis_ sp. & Pulse electric field & 1.64 mg/g & & [53] \\ \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 1: Xanthophyls from microalgae: mass production, extraction method and application.