## 6 UAV Applications  
Automated unmanned airplanes are not generally restricted to military use, as the market and innovation keep on advancing. Even for tasks that could be risky for humans to perform, they are increasingly being used for everyday tasks. For instance, the fully autonomous UA known as the General Atomics MQ-9 Reaper was initially developed solely for the use of the United States Air Force. Because it is equipped with neutralization systems, its primary function is air defense. The IAI Eitan, an unmanned reconnaissance aircraft primarily tasked with collecting and providing intelligence imagery, signals, measurement, and signature information, is another example of a similar aircraft. In their respective nations, these aircraft represent cutting-edge technology. Precision Agriculture (PA) is a significant use of UAVs, which is a harvest efficiency board framework in light of cutting-edge aviation, data, and correspondence innovations. Crop production can now be managed more precisely and effectively thanks to these technologies [61; 62; 63; 64; 65]. Experts in the field of archaeology have the option to employ UAVs to survey a particular region of importance and establish three-dimensional representations of historical landmarks, as opposed to depending on traditional two-dimensional maps. This is an exciting utilization of drone capabilities in this industry. As an illustration, in 2014, drone technology was utilized to renovate the aged remains of Aphrodisias, a diminutive Hellenistic Greek municipality situated in Turkey.  
Additionally, drones can also be used to enhance cultural tourism by providing guided tours of historical sites, a feature that has been utilized during the COVID-19 pandemic and can be beneficial for remote students. The potential of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) extends beyond just tourism and archaeology, encompassing a variety of uses including photography, freight transportation, scientific exploration, monitoring, and civic defense. The emergence of Swarm Unmanned Air Vehicles (SUAVs), a fleet of UAVs that collaborate to achieve a shared objective, is broadening the horizon of UAV applications even further. SUAVs rely on autonomous decision-making rather than human operation [66; 67]. Despite the continued use of military applications, there is an increasing fascination with civilian uses of drones. Inexpensive drones and their groups have the potential to become an encouraging foundation for groundbreaking research initiatives and forthcoming commercial applications that can aid in a variety of tasks. The advancements in sensor technology installed on UAVs are creating new opportunities for unmanned operations, resulting in entirely novel kinds of applications and services.  
A suitable accurate application of the swarm formation is around rescue operations. In certain emergencies, such as floods, using multiple UAVs can be more helpful than just one. Floods are becoming more common due to environmental changes, and a swarm of UAVs can be used to search for people more efficiently during high water flow [68]. If one UAV carries a life jacket for someone affected by the flood, a group of UAVs can make a significant impact on search and rescue efforts. The swarm can also share location and photo data to make better use of resources. By assigning different roles to different UAVs, such as one collecting data and others dropping supplies, a swarm can work together effectively. Overall, a swarm of UAVs can be highly effective in emergencies when searching for and rescuing people [69]. The are multiple techniques of UAV swarm formation and most of them are based on triangle shape figures.