# Moisture Sorption Behavior of Deproteinized Sunflower Meal and Patterned Food Extrudate
## 3 Results and Discussion  
### EMC for DSM and PFE  
The mean values of the EMC of DSM and PFE at different relative humidities and temperatures studied during adsorption are presented in Table 1. EMC values raised with the increase in the relative humidity and the decrease in the temperature. The rise in the temperature increased the energy and mobility of water molecules [37; 38]. This provoked the release of a higher number of molecules from the less active centers and thus resulted in a decrease in the EMC [39]. Similar trends for various biological materials were found in the literature [40], including for several extrudates [21; 37]. The results obtained for the EMC of DSM are close to the literature data in Ref. [18] for sunflower meal from different varieties. This suggests that the deproteinization probably has little effect on the sorption behavior of the sunflower meal but it should be more closely researched experimentally for a more confirmative conclusion. The comparison of the data for the PFE and the published literature data for extrudate obtained from pure corn grits [41] showed a higher sorption ability of the PFE. This showed that the addition of DSM to the corn grits increased the sorption capacity of the extrudates. The comparison of the EMC of both products demonstrated that the DSM had a higher sorption ability than the PFE at 20 \({}^{\circ}\)C and 30 \({}^{\circ}\)C for all relative humidities (\(p\) < 0.05). This is probably due to material degradation occurring at extrusion, where the applied heat \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c c c} \hline \hline \multicolumn{3}{c}{**20 \({}^{\circ}\)C**} & \multicolumn{4}{c}{**30 \({}^{\circ}\)C**} & \multicolumn{4}{c}{**40 \({}^{\circ}\)C**} \\ \hline _Rh_ & **DSM** & **PFE** & _Rh_ & **DSM** & **PFE** & _Rh_ & **DSM** & **PFE** \\ \hline
0.113 & 7.93 \(\pm\) 0.06 \({}^{\text{a}}\) & 6.18 \(\pm\) 0.18 \({}^{\text{b}}\) & 0.113 & 7.43 \(\pm\) 0.28 \({}^{\text{a}}\) & 5.77 \(\pm\) 0.26 \({}^{\text{b}}\) & 0.112 & 5.62 \(\pm\) 0.08 \({}^{\text{a}}\) & 4.33 \(\pm\) 0.24 \({}^{\text{b}}\) \\
0.231 & 10.65 \(\pm\) 0.13 \({}^{\text{a}}\) & 8.50 \(\pm\) 0.10 \({}^{\text{b}}\) & 0.216 & 8.89 \(\pm\) 0.21 \({}^{\text{a}}\) & 7.20 \(\pm\) 0.09 \({}^{\text{b}}\) & 0.201 & 6.37 \(\pm\) 0.25 \({}^{\text{a}}\) & 6.10 \(\pm\) 0.24 \({}^{\text{a}}\) \\
0.331 & 12.23 \(\pm\) 0.06 \({}^{\text{a}}\) & 9.91 \(\pm\) 0.16 \({}^{\text{b}}\) & 0.324 & 10.8 \(\pm\) 0.10 \({}^{\text{a}}\) & 8.76 \(\pm\) 0.09 \({}^{\text{b}}\) & 0.316 & 8.21 \(\pm\) 0.21 \({}^{\text{a}}\) & 8.05 \(\pm\) 0.18 \({}^{\text{a}}\) \\
0.432 & 12.27 \(\pm\) 0.07 \({}^{\text{a}}\) & 10.86 \(\pm\) 0.12 \({}^{\text{b}}\) & 0.432 & 11.38 \(\pm\) 0.24 \({}^{\text{a}}\) & 9.92 \(\pm\) 0.15 \({}^{\text{b}}\) & 0.423 & 9.86 \(\pm\) 0.15 \({}^{\text{a}}\) & 8.51 \(\pm\) 0.17 \({}^{\text{b}}\) \\
0.591 & 14.48 \(\pm\) 0.32 \({}^{\text{a}}\) & 12.64 \(\pm\) 0.18 \({}^{\text{b}}\) & 0.560 & 13.57 \(\pm\) 0.27 \({}^{\text{a}}\) & 11.52 \(\pm\) 0.18 \({}^{\text{b}}\) & 0.532 & 11.59 \(\pm\) 0.13 \({}^{\text{a}}\) & 9.98 \(\pm\) 0.11 \({}^{\text{b}}\) \\
0.699 & 17.68 \(\pm\) 0.27 \({}^{\text{a}}\) & 15.31 \(\pm\) 0.08 \({}^{\text{b}}\) & 0.679 & 16.51 \(\pm\) 0.26 \({}^{\text{a}}\) & 13.51 \(\pm\) 0.31 \({}^{\text{b}}\) & 0.661 & 13.28 \(\pm\) 0.12 \({}^{\text{a}}\) & 12.38 \(\pm\) 0.24 \({}^{\text{b}}\) \\
0.755 & 18.88 \(\pm\) 0.16 \({}^{\text{a}}\) & 17.92 \(\pm\) 0.18 \({}^{\text{b}}\) & 0.751 & 18.64 \(\pm\) 0.27 \({}^{\text{a}}\) & 16.08 \(\pm\) 0.21 \({}^{\text{b}}\) & 0.747 & 16.22 \(\pm\) 0.21 \({}^{\text{a}}\) & 15.89 \(\pm\) 0.31 \({}^{\text{b}}\) \\
0.851 & 24.31 \(\pm\) 0.25 \({}^{\text{a}}\) & 22.89 \(\pm\) 0.32 \({}^{\text{b}}\) & 0.836 & 23.7 \(\pm\) 0.30 \({}^{\text{a}}\) & 19.53 \(\pm\) 0.22 \({}^{\text{b}}\) & 0.823 & 18.99 \(\pm\) 0.14 \({}^{\text{a}}\) & 18.79 \(\pm\) 0.25 \({}^{\text{a}}\) \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular} \({}^{\text{a,b}}\) Different letters within a row for a specific temperature mean statistically significant difference (\(p\) < 0.05).  
\end{table}