## 3 Results
(**a**) Knee flexion (\(+\))—extension (\(-\)) angle over the gait cycle; (**b**) hip flexion (\(+\))—extension (\(-\)) angle over the gait cycle; (**c**) pelvic anteversion (\(+\))—retroversion (\(-\)) angle over the gait cycle. Solid lines represent average values, while shadow areas stand for \(\pm\)1 SD. indicated a significant difference between the two conditions (\(p\)-value \(<\) 0.05). The median values for the hip ROM ranged from 70\({}^{\circ}\) in w\({}_{1}\) to 73\({}^{\circ}\) in r\({}_{2}\), with no significant difference between the two conditions. Setting the speed at 8 km/h (Figure 3d) resulted in a significant difference between ROM values at the level of the knee joint between walking and running, with values of 54\({}^{\circ}\) and 51\({}^{\circ}\), respectively. However, no differences were highlighted between ROM median values at the hip joint, showing 61\({}^{\circ}\) in w\({}_{2}\) and 58\({}^{\circ}\) in r\({}_{2}\). Finally, switching from walking to running, the pelvis preserved median ROM values lower than 10\({}^{\circ}\) both at a speed of 7 km/h and 8 km/h. Table 2 reports the average maximum amplitude (normalized on the MVC) recorded for each muscle during the four motor gestures and the corresponding time point of the task cycle. Figure 3: Boxplots of ROM (\({}^{\circ}\)) distributions of the lower limbs’ joint angle: w\({}_{1}\) in black, w\({}_{2}\) in red, r\({}_{1}\) in blue, and r\({}_{2}\) in green at the level of significance of the Wilcoxon test. Red crosses represent outliers. (**a**) Comparison between 60 cycles of w\({}_{1}\) and w\({}_{2}\); (**b**) comparison between 40 cycles of r\({}_{1}\) and r\({}_{2}\); (**c**) comparison between 60 cycles of w\({}_{1}\) and r\({}_{1}\); (**d**) comparison between 40 cycles of w\({}_{2}\) and r\({}_{2}\). The Gastrocnemius Lateralis reached a higher activation during walking (0.84 and 0.68) than running (0.31 and 0.45). Specifically, it showed the maximum activation in the toe-off event for the running tasks and during two different moments of the stance phase for the walking task. The Tibialis Anterior reached the highest activation among all muscles. Its peak of activation was recorded in the early stance phase during the walking task (15% cycle and 12% cycle in w\({}_{1}\) and w\({}_{2}\), respectively) and appeared shifted to the midstance in the running gesture (31% cycle in r\({}_{1}\) and 25% cycle in r\({}_{2}\)). The Biceps Femoris Long Head and Rectus Femoris preserved a similar maximum amplitude, independently of the motor gesture typology and task velocity. Their maximum activation was recorded at the initial contact or second contact during the cycle, except for a peak of amplitude expressed by Rectus Femoris during the terminal stance phase (34% cycle) when running at 8 km/h. The maximum activation of the Rectus Abdominis muscles corresponded to a very low fraction of the MVC (0.06 to 0.10) and took place during the initial swing phase in all the tasks. Lastly, the maximum activation of the Erector Spinae appeared mostly unchanged in all the tasks, except when running at 8 km/h, where it reached a slightly higher value (0.45). Nevertheless, its peak of activation was recorded in a narrow range of the task cycle (51-56% cycle), independently of the type of task and speed. Figure 4 depicts the average muscular activation timing along the cycle of each motor gesture. The task typology did not influence the muscular recruitment period significantly, while the task speed showed some effects on the two antagonist muscles of the lower leg (Gastrocnemius Lateralis and Tibialis Anterior). Indeed, the Gastrocnemius muscle was recruited all along the stance phase, independently of the task typology and speed. However, performing walking and running at a speed of 8 km/h also required Gastrocnemius recruitment in the second half of the swing phase. The Tibialis Anterior appeared activated all along the cycle of the task, except for a 10% interval during the swing phase when the motor gestures were performed at the lowest velocity.