## 3 Results--Systematic Literature Review
### Common Classification Fields  
#### 3.2.1 Macro theme  
Figure 2 represents the distribution of the sample articles by macro theme; this latter was determined by reading the full paper and reflects its main focus. Resilience is the most relevant macro theme, with 30 publications (29.7%). The concept of resilience combines both agility and robustness and represents the ability of a system to cope efficiently with change [37], representing how well or poorly a system can recover from a disruptive event [38]. The studies regarding the resilience topic have analyzed adaptation strategies [39] and highlighted the key role of connectivity and coordination [23]. [PERSON] et al. [10] have identified some resilience indicators that can act in different phases of SC i.e., the anticipation phase, response and recovery, and the resistance phase [40; 41]. Authors have considered the internal resilience as well as external, in order to analyze supply chain resilience in terms of a firm's internal dynamic capabilities and the resilience of its suppliers [42]. The numerosity of the papers published in Sustainability is reconfirmed by the fact that sustainability represents the second macro theme by number of publications (16 out of 101, 15.8%). It has been shown that green practices adopted by SCs impact on environmental performances [43], especially subsequent to the COVID-19 pandemic [44]. Many challenges from the COVID-19 pandemic have indeed triggered this dynamic for companies, including sustainability emerging as a core part of SCM. Based on this, decision-making models were developed based on interpretive structural modeling (ISM) with the Cross-Impact Matrix Multiplication Applied to Classification analysis (MICMAC), which were able to show that actively involving senior managers is crucial for successful adoption of initiatives. The results highlight the importance of financial support from investors and government, such as tax reduction and short-term loans, in fostering sustainability in SC processes [45]. In addition, \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c} \hline \hline
**Source** & **No. of Papers** & **Scimago Ranking** \\ \hline _Sustainability_ (Switzerland) & 10 & Q1–Q2 \\ _International Journal of Logistics_ & 6 & Q1 \\ _Management_ & 5 & Q2 \\ _Strategic Sourcing_ & 5 & Q1 \\ _Agricultural Systems_ & 4 & Q1 \\ _International Journal of_ & 3 & Q1 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 1: Top journals. some research has revealed that the rise in food processing costs and raw material prices, the lack of transparency/traceability and capital and physical resources, and the spread of false information are the top five sustainability challenges for the food processing industry [46]. The third macro theme analyzed is economy, whose importance has continued to grow from 2021 to 2023. A shift in perspective can be identified in the topics addressed in the papers. Initially, more emphasis was placed on more general topics related to the economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, such as the principal-agent problem in SCM [47] and the lockdown impacts on agricultural systems [48]. In 2022, more targeted approaches emerge with respect to specific changes in logistics activity and supply chains due to the pandemic [28], with a focus on the impact on business performance [11]. As pointed out by [45], the importance and inter-relationship between the financial performance of logistics companies and COVID-19 is emphasized. Although the pandemic may be thought to have negatively affected the financial performance, some authors [49] have shown that increased demand for logistics services during the pandemic helped improve the performance of some companies in the logistics sector. Finally, in 2023, the papers have addressed more future-oriented topics, such as key directions for transforming SCM in emerging markets in the post-pandemic period [50].