## 4 Conclusions  
This study presents a comprehensive investigation of TPMS structures' performance as cooling heat exchangers under turbulent flow conditions through experimental and numerical approaches. A systematic investigation comprising twelve distinct scenarios was conducted by combining Al and Ag TPMS materials with distilled water and nanofluid containing 0.6 vol% nanoparticles, tested at flow rates of 23.56 cm\({}^{3}\)/s, 27.49 cm\({}^{3}\)/s, and 35.34 cm\({}^{3}\)/s. This combination of two materials, two cooling fluids, and three flow rates resulted in twelve unique experimental configurations. The experimental and numerical analyses demonstrated that TPMS structures provide effective heat transfer in turbulent flow regimes. Ag TPMS structures exhibited superior thermal performance, achieving 10-15% lower temperature values compared to Al TPMS structures. The implementation of the nanofluid enhanced temperature distribution by 8-12% compared to distilled water, although this improvement was accompanied by a slight increase in pressure drop due to elevated viscosity. PEC analysis revealed that Ag TPMS structures demonstrated 25-30% higher PEC values compared to Al TPMS structures. Optimal performance was achieved at a flow rate of 27.49 cm\({}^{3}\)/s, where heat transfer enhancement dominated over pressure drop increase. Temperature homogeneity analysis showed significant improvements. Al TPMS structures exhibited reduced standard deviation (from 0.55 \({}^{\circ}\)C to 0.42 \({}^{\circ}\)C) when using nanofluid. Ag TPMS structures demonstrated superior temperature uniformity, with standard deviation ranging from 0.22 \({}^{\circ}\)C to 0.38 \({}^{\circ}\)C. Numerical analyses validated the experimental findings with deviations ranging from 4% to 7%. Temperature gradient analysis across the TPMS structure revealed that the combination of Ag TPMS and nanofluid achieved the lowest gradient values. In experimental studies, Al TPMS structures with distilled water showed gradient values between 0.02-0.022 \({}^{\circ}\)C/mm, increasing to 0.04-0.042 \({}^{\circ}\)C/mm with nanofluid implementation. Ag TPMS structures exhibited gradient values of 0.032-0.038 \({}^{\circ}\)C/mm with distilled water, decreasing to 0.029 \({}^{\circ}\)C/mm at high flow rates when using nanofluid. This enhanced performance can be attributed to the synergistic effect of Ag's high thermal conductivity and the nanofluid's improved heat transfer properties. The findings of this study emphasize the critical importance of material selection and cooling fluid optimization in TPMS-based cooling system design, particularly for high-performance applications such as electronic cooling. The results demonstrate that the combined implementation of Ag TPMS structures and nanofluids can significantly enhance cooling performance. Future research directions should focus on investigating various TPMS geometries, developing alternative nanofluid formulations, and examining the effects of different concentrations to further improve system performance. Additionally, economic feasibility analyses and long-term performance evaluations would facilitate the broader industrial adoption of this technology. The comprehensive understanding gained from these twelve scenarios, systematically comparing two materials and two cooling fluids across three flow rates, provides valuable design criteria for optimizing TPMS-based cooling systems in practical applications. Future research directions should focus on investigating various nanofluid concentrations, developing alternative nanofluid formulations, and examining the effects of different concentrations to further improve system performance. Additionally, economic feasibility analyses and long-term performance evaluations would facilitate the broader industrial adoption of this technology. Future studies could also explore various TPMS geometries to optimize design configurations for specific cooling applications.