# Operationalisation of Building Inspections and Repair: Systematisation-Based Approach
## 3 Results
### Most Common Types of Repair Techniques
#### 3.2.2 Repair Techniques in Facade Elements/Claddings
Of the mentioned set of defects, these authors take into account \"A-A2 Surface moisture\", \"A-A3 Dirt and accumulation of debris\", \"A-A4 Colour changes\", \"A-B1 Biodeterioration/biological growth\", and \"A-B3 Efflorescence/cryptoflorescence and carbonation\" under the defect \"stains/colour changes\", and defects \"A-C1 Mapped cracking\" and \"A-C2 Oriented cracking on the current surface\", considered as \"loss of continuity/integrity defects\". The severity of these defects has already been detailed in Section 3.1.2, finding that both groups of defects can represent severe degradation in ETICS depending on the intensity and affected area. As for painted facades, the severity implicitly associated with the degradation levels for defects by [PERSON] et al. [54] may be used. Of the mentioned set of defects, these authors take into account \"A-A2 Surface moisture\", \"A-A3 Dirt and accumulation of debris\", \"A-A4 Colour changes\", \"A-B1 Biodeterioration/biological growth\", and \"A-B3 Efflorescence/cryptoflorescence and carbonation\", which are considered within the scope of \"stains/colour change\". \"A-C1 Mapped cracking\" is also taken into account as \"cracking\". The severity of these defects has already been detailed in Section 3.1.2, determining that biological growth and cracking may be the most severe defects within this set in painted facades. In the case of architectural concrete surfaces, the severity implicitly associated with the degradation levels for defects by [PERSON] et al. [55] may be used. Of the mentioned set of defects, these authors take into account \"A-A2 Surface moisture\", \"A-A3 Dirt and accumulation of debris\", \"A-A6 Cohesion loss/disaggregation and chalking\", \"A-B1 Biodeterioration/biological growth\", \"A-B3 Efflorescence/cryptoflorescence and carbonation\", \"A-C1 Mapped cracking\", and \"A-C2 Oriented cracking on the current surface\". The severity of most of these defects has already been discussed in Section 3.1.2, but for A-A6 and A-B3, it is missing. Disaggregation may be present in less than 10% of surfaces with slight degradation (Level C). If the surface has generalised degradation (Level E), then disaggregation may be present in more than 30% of its area. As for efflorescence, it may be present in less than 10% of a surface in good condition (Level B), while if it takes up more than 30% of the surface, it may be considered with moderate degradation (Level D). Although disaggregation is a severe defect, cracking of more than 0.5 mm wide is still more severe in architectural concrete surfaces. [PERSON] et al. [55] use a five-level scale from Level A (No visible degradation) to Level E (Generalised degradation). As for adhesive ceramic tiling, the severity implicitly associated with the degradation levels for defects by [PERSON] et al. [56] may be used. Of the mentioned set of defects, these authors take into account \"A-A2 Surface moisture\", \"A-A3 Dirt and accumulation of debris\", \"A-A4 Colour changes\", \"A-B1 Biodeterioration/biological growth\", \"A-C1 Mapped cracking\", and \"A-C2 Oriented cracking on the current surface\". Out of these, only the severity of A-A4 has not been discussed in Section 3.1.2. The change in colour may occur in up to 10% of tiled surfaces in good condition (Level 1). If it affects more than 50% of the area, then the surface is under moderate degradation (Level 3). So, cracking is still the most severe defect in this set of defects in adhesive ceramic tiling. [PERSON] et al. [56] use a five-level scale from Level 0 (No visible degradation) to Level 4 (Generalised degradation). In the case of natural stone claddings, the severity implicitly associated with the degradation levels for defects by [PERSON] et al. [57] may be used. Of the mentioned set of defects, these authors take all into account. The severity of A-A2, A-A3, A-B1, A-C1, and A-C2 was discussed in Section 3.1.2.