# 6G Use Cases and Scenarios: A Comparison Analysis Between ITU and Other Initiatives
## 14 Conclusions  
ITU and several other initiatives, including operators, suppliers, and stakeholders in the telecommunications sector, have proposed alternative visions of future 6G. The ITU has finalized six usage scenarios that expand those proposed by the ITU itself for 5G. To clarify the overall situation concerning the several proposals, in this paper, we have analyzed the relationships among all the proposed use cases and scenarios (from ITU and other initiatives) so as to evidence their similarities/differences. Comparison has been carried out on an objective reference basis that considers the main technological features, applications, and services required to define/implement the use cases and to describe the scenarios. We have demonstrated that many use cases proposed by ITU and other initiatives can be considered almost identical at least from the technological point of view. As an example, this is the case of immersive communication (ITU) and immersive experience (HEXA-X), distributed sensing and communications (NGA) and massive communication (ITU), fully connected world (HEXA-X) and ubiquitous connectivity (ITU). We have also compared the selected vertical market sectors in terms of the involved technologies.  
As final considerations, from the analysis presented in this paper, it also emerges that ITU covers in practice all the scenarios of the other 6G initiatives and meets all the requirements of the considered vertical market sectors. In this sense, the scenarios specified within ITU can be considered complete. This fact is important because ITU actively collaborates with 3 GPP in the research on and definition of all the technical aspects of 6G, i.e., the integrated network architecture, the advanced radio interfaces, the communication protocols and procedures, etc. The 3 GPP standardization activities are typically driven by the use cases and the ITU ones that can be safely taken as reference by 3 GPP since, as shown in this paper, they also represent/include the visions of the other initiatives and stakeholders that are active in the telecommunication sector. Industries, telcos, and research entities only focus on a group of scenarios that can be traced back to those proposed by the ITU, at least from the technological point of view. Finally, the results in this paper also confirm that advanced AI/ML techniques are used in every scenario/use case, and vertical market sectors are now considered a necessity.  
Future research areas include the network capabilities, such as the implementation of advanced AI/ML techniques, the integration of sensors and NTNs within the 6G framework, and the disaggregated and distributed Radio Access Network (RAN). To provide potential advancements in specific technologies or new use cases that could emerge as 6G develops, future works will regard (i) the identification of common words and tags, (ii) KPIs defined by each research and industrial initiative, (iii) composition and mixing of several use cases, and (iv) a more detailed analysis of the potential market impact of each  
Figure 12: Usage of the most relevant technologies across all the vertical market sectors.  
use case. The economic projections or scenarios, together with the market forecast, will be included in future works.  
**Author Contributions:** The two authors have contributed equally to this work. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.  
**Funding:** This work was supported by the European Union under the Italian National Recovery and Resilience Plan (NRRP) of NextGenerationEU, partnership on \"Telecommunications of the Future\" (PE00000001-program \"RESTART\").  
**Data Availability Statement:** The original contributions presented in the study are included in the article, further inquiries can be directed to the corresponding author/s.  
**Conflicts of Interest:** The authors declare no conflict of interest.