## 4 Discussion
(2022) presented an interesting proposal for a novel clean-up method employing emulsification and demulsification (ED) for edible oil sample preparation. Spontaneous emulsification generates micron-sized droplets in a water/co-solvent/oil system. These droplets are demulsified using a hydrophilic polyamide membrane with submicron pores, where they aggregate and are retained, permitting the acetonitrile/water phase containing pesticides to pass through efficiently [29]. However, the analysis of analytes in oils is challenging due to the co-extraction of lipophilic matrices with the target analytes. Despite the advantages of SFO-DLLME, the complexity of edible oil samples and the solidification of oil at low temperatures complicate its application, necessitating an additional sample preparation step [11]. The selection of cleaning adsorbents can be crucial for the efficiency of extraction. Primary secondary amine (PSA) is frequently used, among others, for the removal of fatty components. In analytical chemistry, the choice of appropriate sorbents for the clean-up step significantly impacts the overall performance and accuracy of the extraction process. PSA, in particular, is widely employed due to its effectiveness in eliminating the lipid content, which can otherwise interfere with the detection and quantification of target analytes. Analytical methods based on the QuEChERS method use this substance to effectively remove lipid components [15; 30; 31]. An important trend in analytical research is the minimization of organic solvent usage. A notable approach was proposed by [PERSON] et al. in 2022, where they employed an innovative technique using miniaturized kapok-fiber-supported liquid extraction (mini-KF-SLE). This method exemplifies advancements in environmentally friendly analytical methodologies, focusing on minimizing the ecological footprint of solvent-based extraction while maintaining or enhancing analytical performance. The mini-KF-SLE technique utilizes the unique properties of kapok fibers to support the extraction process, providing an efficient and sustainable alternative to conventional extraction methods [32]. If following current trends, it is essential to first develop an effective extraction procedure and then aim for maximum minimization of organic solvent usage, while ensuring compliance with all EU regulations for the analytical method to be implementable. Therefore, the next stage of developing this method will proceed accordingly. In the analytical method's development, the primary focus should be on establishing a robust and efficient extraction process. Following this, efforts should be directed towards improving the method to minimize its organic solvent usage and thus enhance its sustainability and reduce resource consumption. Compliance with stringent EU regulatory standards is crucial to ensure that the method is not only scientifically sound but also legally viable for practical implementation. Future advancements in this method will prioritize these objectives to align with contemporary analytical research trends [33]. [PERSON] et al. (2013) observed a clear dependence. A hexane/acetonitrile extraction solution in a ratio of 1:4 resulted in logarithms with partition LgP values of around 3.2 for all pesticides in the extracted food samples. Recovery for a wide range of analyzed pesticide residues could be achieved with over 99% efficiency, except for HCH and fenproprimorph, through three-stage extraction using n-hexane with acetonitrile. Additionally, n-hexane extraction allowed for the removal of triglycerides, the main matrix component causing significant signal suppression in chromatographic analysis [30]. Various studies conducted to develop analytical methods are bringing us closer to meeting the requirements imposed by document SANTE/11312/2021 V2. Nonetheless, continuous validation attempts must be made to meet the criteria for all analyzed pesticide residues according to 365/2005 [33; 34].