# Green Public Procurement for Accelerating the Transition towards Sustainable Freight Transport
## 4 Results
### The Perspective of Freight Service Providers (FSP)  
When it comes to what affects the freight industry's acquisition of vehicles running on alternative fuels, environmental requirements in public procurement are assessed to be significant, although not the most important factor (Table 10).  
As shown in Table 11, findings from interviews with freight service providers indicate that an orientation towards public clients seems to both affect their experiences with procurements processes and their internal goals for low- and zero emission vehicles. Further findings from the interviews are embedded in discussions where it is appropriate.  
Respondents directly involved in providing bids for GPP tend to consider the environmental requirements to represent a challenge for the industry with negative effects on price and quality of services offered, although they also tend to agree that such requirements have a positive effect on sustainable transition (Table 12).  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{l l l l l} \hline \hline
**How Important Are These Issues for Your Company’s** & & & & \\
**Choice of Vehicles with Alternative Fuels?** & & & & \\ \hline Support for purchase of vehicles & 16\% & 2\% & 10\% & 72\% & 83 \\ Improved infrastructure for alternative fuels & 27\% & 2\% & 13\% & 58\% & 83 \\ Reduced road tolls & 20\% & 6\% & 22\% & 52\% & 83 \\ Requirements in public procurement & 30\% & 10\% & 22\% & 39\% & 83 \\ Priority at loading bays & 51\% & 8\% & 12\% & 29\% & 83 \\ Requirements from the private market & 51\% & 11\% & 16\% & 23\% & 83 \\ Access to streets/areas otherwise off limits for vehicles & 53\% & 18\% & 10\% & 19\% & 83 \\ Access to public transport lanes & 49\% & 20\% & 11\% & 19\% & 83 \\ Other & 73\% & 14\% & 7\% & 5\% & 83 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}
Table 10: Freight service providers’ (FSP) assessment of what affects the company’s acquisition of alternative fuel-vehicles.  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{l l l} \hline \hline
**How Do You Experience Level of Knowledge of** & **N** & **\%** \\
**Legislation and Support Schemes among Bidders?** & **N** & **\%** \\ \hline Overall good & 5 & 11 \\ Good among larger freight service providers & 10 & 22 \\ Bad & 10 & 22 \\ Don’t know & 21 & 46 \\ Total & 46 & 100 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}
Table 9: Procurers’ assessment of bidders’ knowledge about legislation and public support schemes.  
Findings from the in-depth interviews with freight service providers indicate that the largest drawback with low or zero emission vehicles requirements is how it affects the operational routines, and, consequently, the price and quality of deliveries. In addition, freight service providers are experiencing a growing interest for market dialogues with public procurers and are mainly positive to share their knowledge about possibilities and barriers in the market.  
The interviews also include statements from the industry about the importance of follow-up routines after a tender has been awarded. Since offered solutions are part of the competitive basis in the procurement, it is important to make sure that the winner delivers according to the tender. If not, other bidders are able to deliver a more cost-effective solution. From the experience of the interviewees, today's follow-up practice has the potential to be improved.