# Contextual Emotion Appraisal Based on a Sentential Cognitive System for Robots
## 3 Contextual Emotion Appraisal Model
### Emotion Appraisal Model by Simplifying OCC Model
Once the argument structure is determined in association with the emotional verb, the target of emotion contained in the sentence can be defined. In a sentence describing an event, the robot is the subject of the emotion and is depicted as \"I.\" The direct target of emotion is defined in the form of a noun phrase. Table 3 shows the modeled relationship between the emotions and targets; where circles mean direct relationship, triangles as indirective relationship, and vacant blocks as irrelevance. An object is a passive target that cannot change the environment on its own, and an agent is an active target that can change the environment, such as a human or a robot. An event is defined as something that has occurred involving a robot, an agent, or an object. The target of love-hate (LH) can be an object or an agent. Because pride-shame (PS) is an emotion toward oneself, it is defined as an emotion about an event related to oneself; therefore, other agents cannot be the target of the emotion. The target of gratitude-anger (GA) can be an agent or an event. Present and future events can be targets of joy-distress (JD) and hope-fear (HF), respectively. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c} \hline \hline \# & **Emotions** & **Sentences** & **Targets of Emotions** \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{1} & Love & (S (NP I) (VP love (NP the object))), & \\  & & (S (NP I) (VP love (NP the agent) (PP by (NP the event)))) & \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{2} & Hate & (S (NP I) (VP hate (NP the object))), & \\  & & (S (NP I I) (VP hate (NP the agent) (PP by (NP the event)))) & \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{3} & Pride & (S (NP I) (VP boat (NP the event))) & \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{4} & Shame & (S (NP I) (VP am (VP shared (PP for (NP the event))))) & \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{5} & Gratitude & (S (NP I) (VP thank (NP the agent) (PP for (NP the event)))) & \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{6} & Anger & (S (NP I) (VP anger to (NP the agent) (PP by (NP the event)))) & \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{7} & Joy & (S (NP I) (VP rejoic (PP at (NP the event)))) & \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{8} & Distress & (S (NP I) (VP am (VP distressed (PP by (NP the event))))) & \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{9} & Hope & (S (NP I) (VP hope (PP for (NP the event)))) & \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{10} & Fear & (S (NP I) (VP fear (NP the event))) & \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}  
* S: sentence, NP: Noun phrase, VP: Verb phrase, PP: Prepositional phrase.  
\end{table} 
Table 2: The emotional classes, sentences constructed with emotional verbs, and the targets of emotion. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c} \hline \hline \multirow{2}{*}{\#} & \multirow{2}{*}{**Emotions**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Targets**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Sources of Appraisal**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**Emotional Valence**} \\ \cline{3-3} \cline{5-6}  & & **Object** & **Agent** & **Event** & **A priori** & **Contextual** \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{1} & Love–Hate (LH) & \(\bigcirc\) & \(\bigcirc\) & \(\bigtriangleup\) & \(\bigcirc\) & \(\bigcirc\) & \(-\)1.0–1.0 \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{2} & Pride–Shame (PS) & & \(\bigcirc\) & & \(\bigcirc\) & \(-\)1.0–1.0 \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{3} & Gratitude–Anger (GA) & \(\bigcirc\) & \(\bigtriangleup\) & \(\bigcirc\) & \(\bigcirc\) & \(-\)1.0–1.0 \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{4} & Joy–Distress (JD) & & \(\bigcirc\) & & \(\bigcirc\) & \(-\)1.0–1.0 \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{5} & Hope–Fear (HF) & & \(\bigcirc\) & & \(\bigcirc\) & \(-\)1.0–1.0 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 3: The contextual emotion appraisal model with targets and source of emotions where circles mean direct relationship, triangles as indirective relationship, and vacant blocks as irrelevance. The emotion appraisal has two kinds of sources, _a priori_ and contextual sources, as shown in Table 3. In the case of LH targeting objects, a robot needs to evaluate predefined emotional liked or disliked valence of the objects, because the robot does not have the feeling of satisfaction and preference to the objects.