# Early Perspectives on the Planned Brazilian Program to Address Ship-Sourced Pollution
## 2 Project Description
_Goal 4--data management and communication_  
Three interconnected situation rooms, managed by MB, IBAMA, and INPE, will coordinate emergency responses using near real-time satellite data (developed under Goals 1, 2, and 8) to locate oil spills far from the coast and identify ships [1; 21; 41]. They will also be able to launch unmanned autonomous vehicles (developed under Goal 7) for on-site monitoring and data collection, ensuring faster and more precise responses. Additionally, the rooms will have access to high-resolution meteo-oceanographic data (Goals 5 and 6). They could run the oil spill models in real time, providing decision-makers with critical insights to determine the best course of action (Goal 9). This goal emerges as a direct consequence of the organizational challenges experienced during the 2019 \"Mysterious\" oil spill when the slow implementation of a centralized coordination system [54; 55] significantly delayed response efforts [56; 57]. The fragmented flow of information between institutions, the lack of integrated situational awareness [7; 8], and the limited capacity for real-time analysis exposed critical vulnerabilities in Brazil's emergency response infrastructure [58; 59]. By establishing interconnected situation rooms operated by key federal agencies, Goal 4 addresses these shortcomings and aims to institutionalize a structured, collaborative, and data-driven response framework. This development reflects a strategic evolution in national preparedness, ensuring that future incidents can be addressed with greater speed, coordination, and scientific support [60]. _Goal 5--coupled ocean-atmosphere modeling and forecasting_  
The main objective of this goal is to develop a new high-resolution nesting system using the Modular Ocean Model (MOM6) and a hydrodynamic coastal model (TELEMAC) [19; 20] to deliver hydrodynamic and sea state forecasts at a 1 km resolution across the entire BJW, with a 100 m spatial resolution in the target areas close to the coastline. This integrated modeling approach with current global models operated by INPE will improve the accuracy of predictions related to water movement, surface elevation, and ocean current behavior, which are essential for understanding the trajectories and weathering of oil spills. Figure 2: Visual user interface, configuration, and controllers for SisMOM oil spill models. The Brazilian Earth System Model (BESM) is an initiative to provide Brazil with modeling capability ranging from extended weather (2-4 weeks) to seasonal under global climate change scenarios. The BESM development was based on Brazilian Global Atmospheric Modeling (BAM) [61; 62], the global ocean model from the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory (GFDL-MOM) [63; 64] and the Biosphere model (SSiB/IBIS) [65; 66], and observationally validated against the PIRATA moorings buoys data [67]. In the SisMOM project, the regional high-resolution coupled ocean-atmosphere model over the tropical South Atlantic Ocean has been developed using the ETA atmospheric model [18] coupled to the Modular Ocean Model (MOM6) model via the GFDL's Flexible Modular System (FMS) [19] and the BESM as global boundary conditions [61]. CPTEC-ETA still remains one of the main regional atmospheric models used by INPE [68]. Although the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model offers greater modularity and a larger user community [69], the ETA model has been extensively calibrated for the South American domain over decades of use at INPE [70]. This long-term adaptation has resulted in a well-established infrastructure for data assimilation, initialization, and output handling that is tightly integrated with INPE's forecasting systems [71] from the global to local scales [72]. The NOAA/GFDL MOM has been one of the most extensively adopted ocean circulation models for global climate and Earth system modeling over the past five decades.