## 3 Thematic Analysis of the Literature  
Most of the studies carried out on Industry 4.0 frameworks focus more attention on technological requirements [26; 27; 28; 29; 30; 31; 32; 33; 34; 35]. Although with different nuances, as for example in [PERSON] et al. [26], who \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{l l} \hline \hline
**Themes** & **Papers** \\ \hline Survey methods (7) & [17; 18; 19; 20; 21; 22; 23] \\ \hline Fundamental Concepts (21) & [1; 2; 4; 8; 9; 10; 15; 16; 24; 25; 26; 27; 28; 29; 30; 31; 32; 33; 34; 35; 36] \\ \hline Generic maturity models (18) & [3; 5; 6; 7; 11; 15; 16; 37; 38; 39; 40; 41; 42; 43; 44; 45; 46; 47] \\ \hline Developing specific maturity models (23) & [48; 49; 50] \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 1: Classification of the articles examined according to the themes under study in this work. Figure 1: Systematic review methodology according Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) Statement, adapted from [14]. present the objective to reconcile Industry 4.0 with the theme of sustainability. In this work, the approach adopted by these authors focuses on the presentation of the potential impact of new technologies. Moreover, despite the fact that [PERSON] et al. [31] mention studies that point to the importance of a holistic system formed by technology and people, providing an integration of the value chain, the work is then directed to the technological infrastructure that in theory would enable a model of Industry 4.0. A definition in a few words of the Industry 4.0 model is given by [PERSON] and [PERSON] [30], stating that this movement aims to generate a transformation from a predominantly mechanical manufacturing to a digital manufacturing model. This implies not only structural but also philosophical changes about the productive systems that are based on four pillars: intelligence, smart products, communication, and information networks. These authors highlight in their works which categories of technology can shape this scenario to provide an environment where companies can be fast, agile and flexible, providing high quality goods and services. They consider, however, that these principles cannot be thought of in isolation, but must involve the entire production chain, so that they form cooperation networks, not only between companies, but also between countries capable of sustaining better economies, with a new workforce profile, with increased productivity and industrial growth. It is worthwhile presenting divergent perspectives over some issues. [PERSON] et al. [8] present a strong focus on technological aspects in their research and present the view that the Lean Manufacturing philosophy belongs to the Industry 3.0 manufacturing model, suggesting in contrast that Industry 4.0 converges on a new paradigm called Smart Manufacturing. Following a different line of thought, [PERSON] and [PERSON] [34] deal with the technological framework of Industry 4.0 and present Lean tools as being a complementary support. In their study, they develop a research among Brazilian companies to identify the level of adherence and purposes that motivate the implementation of Industry 4.0 (I4.0). [PERSON] et al. [28] also consider Lean tools and Just in Time (JIT) as being aligned with Industry 4.0 technologies to ensure management and industrial process capabilities such as monitoring, control, automation and autonomy in order to increase performance in indicators such as flexibility, costs, productivity, quality and lead times. As referred to above, [PERSON] et al. [8] highlight articles that specifically address not only Industry 4.0 technologies, but also issues such as horizontal and vertical integration of processes and new business models. They consider that changes should occur at the strategic, tactical, and operational levels. At the strategic level, the reformulation occurs in the company's vision, which expresses its repositioning in relation to its customers and competitors, making the transition from mass production to mass customization.