## 2 System Model  
The disaster recovery process facilitates an effective recovery response to disaster-congested states, territories, tribes, and local dominions. The robust disaster recovery process provides a flexible archetype that empowers the disaster response staff to function in a cohesive and collective manner. It also emphasizes the importance of reestablishing, regenerating and rejuvenating the social, health, natural, economic, and environmental aspects of the community and shaping a more vigorous community. Thus, this type of recovery process requires a state-of-the-art wireless sensing paradigm that helps eliminate the various restrictions related to traditional wireless networks. The WSNs are deployed to support several application areas. We introduce the flat topology network based on our proposed paradigms for monitoring the disaster recovery situation. The network is divided into three regions, and each region is handled and controlled by a dynamic operational node (DON). The DON acts as a powerful cluster head node in each region and has added capabilities, e.g., high energy efficiency, substantial memory allocation resources and additional data-forwarding capacity. Each network region monitors the different events of the disaster recovery operation for the collection of the data depicted in Figure 1. In each region, there are three events to be monitored. Region \"A\" monitors the activities of the rescue team members and victims of the disaster. In region \"A\", 90% of the nodes are mobile sensors with human-sensual capabilities attached to the body of rescue team members for collecting and processing the sensory information of victims and coordinating with mobile sensors attached to other staff (e.g., ambulances, fire brigades, firefighters). We assume that the other 10% are static sensor nodes that are already deployed for the protection of each region. Region B monitors the performance and activities of doctors, nurses and other staff in the disaster situation so that their roles and effectiveness in responding to the disaster situation can be analyzed. In region \"B\", 50% of the nodes were assumed to be static and deployed in different parts of the hospital building, and the remaining 50% were mobile sensor nodes attached to the body of doctors, nurses and other staff. Region \"C\" collects updated information regarding victims who were brought into the hospital for treatment. In region \"C\", 20% of the nodes are mobile sensor nodes that are attached to the body of wounded people because static sensor nodes could increase the anxiety level of those injured persons, which would be challenging for the staff to manage. This situation could be highly annoying when the injured are shifted from one unit to another because static sensor nodes would need to be removed and reattached. Keeping with the vision of  
Figure 1: Deployment of a WSN for monitoring the disaster recovery process. faster and reliable communication, the mobile sensor nodes are the best replacement for the jumble of wires and wounded people's concerns. Triage protocols are already available for handling such emergency-based situations [14]. However, all of these existing protocols lack support for mobility. In addition, 80% of the sensor nodes are static and deployed inside the rooms to monitor and report the current status of the wounded. In handling this disaster situation, the static and mobility-aware nodes use the semi-synchronization approach to synchronize with each other. Semi-synchronization is a novel approach that helps to select the particular nodes in the 1-hop neighborhood for communication, and this approach consumes only the energy of those nodes that are randomly selected based on their available resources (e.g., energy, bandwidth, and shortest distance), as explained in [15]. The semi-synchronization approach is deployed for the nodes in regions that are following the interior communication process explained in the next section. The semi-synchronization is managed by deploying the anycast methodology.