## 5 Conclusions  
This paper presents a deployment of a low-cost ZigBee-based WSN in a real manufacturing facility. Galeo Enrollables Company, located in Navarre, Spain, manufactures technical and solar protection curtains, and it has bet in the Industry 4.0 paradigm by adding new capabilities to an ERP system. For that purpose, a ZigBee-based WSN has been deployed in order to monitor the five main manufacturing machines or workstations within their workshop and integrate them into an ERP system. The aim of the WSN is to acquire real-time data from the workstations and, thus, optimize the company's production processes, enhance its cost estimation capabilities, improve the quality of their products, and make cost-reduction decisions. The wireless communication technology election was driven by the workshop's morphology and size; and the radio channel and radio planning analysis presented in the paper showed that the WSN can successfully operate within this industrial environment. Interference levels within the factory are low, enabling the use of the proposed ZigBee network within the 2.4 GHz band. The proposed deterministic channel analysis supported by site spectral measurements can be generalized in the event that new types of interference sources could be included within the scenario (e.g., new types of machines that can include potentially interfering elements, such as soldering arches, electric brush motors, etc.), providing updated coverage/capacity analysis and hence, service provisions in the case of requiring higher bandwidth demands and/or an increased amount of sensors elements. The drawback of ZigBee technology could be the relative high-power consumption, but in this case all the nodes are connected to the workstation's electric supply and no batteries are needed. Furthermore, ZigBee's versatility (mesh topology, ease of adding new nodes to the network,...), WSN's low cost (Arduino-compatible devices operating at free 2.4 GHz ISM band) and the obtained results led to satisfying the company's expectations. For future work, the data collected by the WSN will be integrated into a new ERP system and analyses via Big Data techniques for the predictive optimization of the manufacturing processes will be performed. Moreover, other aspects, such as security, should be considered in a security by design approach in order to consider requirements in terms of internal wireless connectivity (updates in relation to  
Figure 16: Time consumed manufacturing products in the heat-welding workstation, by two different workers: (**a**) Employee 6; (**b**) Employee 17.  
the currently supported AES 128-bit ZigBee scheme) as well as external connectivity at the edge/cloud.  
Conceptualization, F.F., A.B. and A.B.S.-L.; methodology, F.F. and P.L.-I.; software, H.K., A.B. and I.P.; validation, H.K., A.B. and I.P.; formal analysis, H.K.; investigation, A.V.A. and L.A.; resources, L.A. and A.V.A.; data curation, H.K. and I.P.; writing--original draft preparation, H.K., I.P. and A.B.; writing--review and editing, P.L.-I.; visualization, H.K. and I.P.; supervision, F.F., A.B.S.-L. and P.L.-I.; project administration, F.F.; funding acquisition, F.F. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.  
This work has been funded by the Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacion, Agencia Estatal de Investigacion (AEI), Government of Spain, PID2021-127409 OB-C31.  
Not applicable.  
Data Availability Statement: Data are contained within the article.  
We thank the Galeo Enrollables Company for all the received support.  
The authors declare no conflict of interest. The funders had no role in the design of the study; in the collection, analyses, or interpretation of data; in the writing of the manuscript, or in the decision to publish the results.