## 1 Introduction  
With the acceleration of urbanization and the rapid development of highway construction, roads and bridges, as important transportation facilities, provide a great convenience for people's life and production [1; 2; 3; 4]. The development model of a resource-saving and environment-friendly society puts forward more urgent requirements for the development of transportation and the construction of roads and bridges [5; 6; 7]. The development of prefabricated bridge structures is the way for building industrialization, which can realize the construction process of low energy consumption and low emission, and effectively realize the green development requirements of construction [8; 9; 10]. At present, bridge construction in China mostly adopts the cast-in-situ concrete construction method [11; 12]. This construction method has a long construction period and many wet operations on-site, which will have a great impact on the surrounding environment. In addition, the consumption of supports and formwork in the construction is large, leading to a high construction cost, and it directly affects the load capacity of the construction site, which is inconsistent with the development requirements of urban and rural construction [13; 14]. Especially when the highway passes through mountainous areas or environmentally sensitive areas, under the construction conditions of ecological and environmental protection, it is urgent to find a bridge construction method to reduce the environmental impact and develop China's prefabricated bridge structure. In order to deal with the defects of cast-in-situ concrete construction, prefabricated bridges have been widely used abroad [9; 15; 16; 17]. In 1971, the first bridge with segmental pier technology, i.e., the Corpus Christi Causeway Bridge, was completed in Texas, US [18; 19]. In 1987, the pier structure of Linn Cove Viaduct used prefabrication and assembly technology to reduce the impact on the surrounding environment during the construction process, speed up the project construction progress, and complete the project construction ahead of schedule, which has become a classic engineering example in the prefabrication and assembly bridge structure [20]. In 1997, the Oresund Bridge was completed to connect Copenhagen, Denmark, and Malmo, Sweden, in which the pier body parts were prefabricated and then assembled on-site [21]. In 2011, the I/C-span precast girder bridge in Washington, US was completed, which adopted precast assembly technology and used grouting sleeves to connect the pier body and bearing platform [22]. Prefabricated bridges in China started late and are not widely used at present. Only when some sea-crossing bridges or cast-in-situ construction are difficult, the prefabricated construction method would be adopted [15; 23; 24]. The pier body and box girder of the Donghai Bridge built in 2006 were prefabricated on the island and installed offshore. The pier adopted reinforced concrete hollow thin-walled pier, the low pier was prefabricated and lifted integrally at sea, and the medium and high pier adopted offshore assembly technology [25]. The pier body structure of the non-navigable hole in the deep water area of the Shanghai Yangtze River bridge adopted hollow thin-wall assembly technology [26]. The approach bridge of Hangzhou Bay Cross-Sea Bridge also transported the prefabricated rectangular hollow pier to the site for assembly [27]. By using prefabricated piers in non-navigable holes, the construction difficulty of Zhoushan Jintang Bridge was reduced and the construction period was accelerated [28]. The non-navigable span bridge of the newly-built Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge also adopted prefabrication and assembly technology [27]. As can be seen from the above development, the prefabricated bridge structure can greatly improve the mechanized operation level through the prefabricated construction method.