# Plant Design for the Conversion of Plastic Waste into Valuable Chemicals (Alkyl Aromatics)
## 3 Results and Discussion  
Pyrolysis is an effective method for converting plastic waste into alkyl aromatics. During pyrolysis, long-chain compounds in plastics are broken down into alkenes, alkanes, and high-boiling-point compounds, which are heavy fuel fractions commonly used in the energy industry. However, the primary products obtained in our controlled reaction are alkyl aromatics [20].  
Plastic waste can also be transformed into various carbon compounds, including amorphous and multiwalled carbon nanotubes. Graphitic carbon materials such as carbon nanotubes and graphene, as well as amorphous carbons like activated carbon, spherical carbon, and carbon fibers, can be derived from plastic waste. These carbonization processes involve pyrolysis and carbonization, generating hydrocarbon (HC) gases and a carbon-rich  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c} \hline \hline
**Type of Catalyst** & **Platinum-Alumina** & **Unit** \\ \hline Density of solid catalyst & Pc & 600 & kg/m\({}^{3}\) \\ Void fraction (porosity) & \(\Phi\) & 0.55 & — \\ Bulk density of solid catalyst & \(\mathrm{\rho}\mathrm{b}\) = (\(1-\varphi\))\(\mathrm{\rho c}\) & 270 & kg/m\({}^{3}\) \\ Catalyst particle diameter & Dp & 0.00006 & M \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}
Table 22: Catalyst specifications.  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c} \hline \hline  & **Input** & **Output** \\ \hline
**Component** & **F = n (kg mol/hr)** & **Component** & **F = n (kg mol/hr)** \\ \hline FAO & 1.428 & FA & 0.1714 \\ FBO & — & FB & 10.36 \\ FCO & — & FC & 4.99 \\ FTo & 1.428 & FD & 2.56 \\  & FE & 3.28 \\  & FF & 7.57 \\  & FG & 4.11 \\  & FI & — \\  & Total & 33.0414 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}
Table 21: Composition of reactor components.  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c} \hline \hline
**Type of Catalyst** & **Platinum-Alumina** & **Unit** \\ \hline Density of solid catalyst & Pc & 600 & kg/m\({}^{3}\) \\ Void fraction (porosity) & \(\Phi\) & 0.55 & — \\ Bulk density of solid catalyst & \(\mathrm{\rho}\mathrm{b}\) = (\(1-\varphi\))\(\mathrm{\rho c}\) & 270 & kg/m\({}^{3}\) \\ Catalyst particle diameter & Dp & 0.00006 & M \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}
Table 23: Steam requirements for heating.  
byproduct (carbon material). The three main types of carbonization processes are anoxic hydrolysis, catalytic carbonization, and pressure carbonization.  
Through pyrolysis, the plastic waste is converted into alkyl aromatics. Pyrolysis breaks long-chain compounds into alkenes, alkanes, and high-boiling-point compounds, which are composed of carbon, with a carbon number greater than or equal to 24. These fractions are typically classified as heavy fuel fractions and are put to extensive use in the energy industry. In contrast, the reaction proposed herein occurs under strictly controlled circumstances, and the primary products are alkyl aromatics [20].  
Carbon compounds such as amorphous and multiwalled carbon nanotubes can be created from plastic waste. Carbon nanotubes and graphene are examples of graphitic carbon materials, while amorphous carbons like activated carbon, spherical carbon, and carbon fibers fall into another category.  
Carbonization refers to a group of procedures used to create carbon materials; these processes often involve pyrolysis and carbonization. This procedure generates several types of hydrocarbon (HC) gases and a carbon-rich byproduct (carbon material). There are three main types of carbonization processes: anoxic hydrolysis, catalytic carbonization, and pressure carbonization.