## 5 Jerusalem Artichoke Supplementation Effects in Monogastric Animals on Productive Performances
### Effects of Jerusalem Artichoke Inclusion in Poultry's Diets  
Poultry studies also explored the effects of incorporating dietary Jerusalem artichoke on the productivity of poultry, as well as the quality characteristics of eggs and meat. Initially considered an alternative to synthetic antibiotics, Jerusalem artichoke was recognized for its natural, less toxic, and residue-free effects, making it an ideal feed additive for its utilization in poultry production [82]. [PERSON] and [PERSON] [83] indicated that J. A. supplementation in poultry diets can facilitate improved diet metabolism, which has a positive impact on the feed conversion ratio and other production parameters. In a 16-week feeding trial conducted by [PERSON] et al. [84], the impact of dried J.A. (5%) in laying hen diets was examined, along with vetch (5%), and various combinations of J.A. (5% and 10%) and vetch (5% and 10%) to mitigate the diarrheal effects of inulin. The experimental group with a combination of 10% J.A. and 10% vetch showed a lower live weight by 4.36-10.09% compared to the other groups, but it exhibited improved feed efficiency. Notably, there were no adverse effects observed on egg quality of the hens across all groups. [PERSON] et al. [10] studied the effects of supplementing dried J.A. (50 ppm and 100 ppm) as a dietary prebiotic in laying hen feed. The researchers examined the impact of J.A. on productive performance parameters, egg quality characteristics, and intestinal microflora. The results showed that there were no significant effects on feed intake, final body weight, egg production, egg weight, and egg mass with the inclusion of dried J.A. However, at the 100 ppm supplementation concentration, there was a significant increase in the albumen ratio, yolk-albumin ratio, and the albumen height of eggs. Additionally, the population of lactic acid bacteria in the caecum also significantly increased at this supplementation concentration. Following the ban of antibiotics in broilers, researchers explored alternative methods for controlling gastrointestinal microorganisms. [PERSON] et al. [11] conducted a study where they tested the use of 0.5% topinambur syntp in drinking water. The results showed a significant increase in the cecal counts of _B. bacteriorovus_, as well as significantly lower numbers of total aerobes, including _Enterobacteriaceae_ and _C. perfringens_. Moreover, the study observed reduced levels of endotoxins in the blood and an increased body weight on day 35 of the trial period. [PERSON] et al. [85] researched the impact of supplementing J.A. (at 1%, 2%, 3%, or 4% concentrations) in broiler diet on production performances. The results revealed that supplementation at 1% and 4% concentrations led to an increased body weight gain and improved feed efficiency, along with a decrease in the mortality rate. Additionally, the serum cholesterol levels decreased significantly for all concentrations of J.A. supplementation. Notably, feeding J.A. at 3% in the broiler diet showed beneficial effects in terms of body weight gain, feed efficiency, and mortality. [PERSON] and [PERSON] [12] conducted a study to assess the efficiency of J.A. powder addition at different concentrations (0.5%, 1%, 1.5%, and 2%) in broiler diets (1 to 6 weeks of age). The supplementation of 2%, 0.5%, and 1.5% did not significantly influence the productive parameters. However, the experimental groups showed an overall improvement ranging from 2.5% to 4.2% in the final body weight, 5.1% to 18.5% in the production index, 0.1% to 0.2% in the growth rate, and 4.7% to 8.9% in the European production efficiency factor. The best results were obtained with 2% supplementation, which exhibited a higher improvement percentage for all production parameters of broiler chickens. Therefore, including J.A. as a natural feed additive improved feed efficiency and overall production parameters. J.A. also has the potential to enhance egg quality and gut health.