## 1 Introduction
### Aims of the Work and Its Novelty  
This work aims to increase renewable energy technology usage in the agricultural sector. With respect to the literature review, the work aims to show how hybrid renewable energy plants can be an optimal solution in the framework of the green farm and biocircular economy approach. In particular, even if in the current literature the dynamic simulation of a greenhouse has already been investigated [23], the previous paper did not include in its analysis the integration of the model of the greenhouse into a whole renewable energy plant, as occurs in the presented paper. In addition, in this work, a detailed economic analysis aimed at evaluating the profitability of the presented green farm is also presented. This analysis considers in detail the economic capital costs and maintenance costs of all of the components included in this renewable plant. The economic analysis also shows the effect of the current energy crisis on the spread of renewable energy technologies due to the sharp increase of energy prices. This aspect has never been investigated in the literature in the case of comprehensive dynamic simulations of renewable systems coupled with a greenhouse. The presented approach based on the dynamic simulation of a complex plant, including more different technologies, is very reliable and affordable for performing preliminary analysis and components design. In fact, the dynamic simulation allows us to mimic the real operating conditions of the plant, for example, the operating temperature of the greenhouse. This suggests a first and useful preliminary indication of the design phase. In fact, by knowing the operating temperature of the greenhouse during the year, the designer can indicate suitable vegetable species for such operating conditions. In addition, the simulation model can also be useful to optimize the operation of the plant according to a specific optimization function before the installation of the plant itself.  
In order to address this aim, the following points were implemented:  
1. The development of a greenhouse dynamic simulation model in a TRNSYS environment
2. The validation of the greenhouse dynamic simulation model by the literature values;
3. The evaluation of the hourly energy demand of the greenhouse and the whole company to simulate the electrical and thermal loads of the company itself;
4. The greenhouse model is integrated into a comprehensive dynamic simulation model, including several renewable technologies based on the use of biomass and solar sources (PV panels and solar thermal collectors);
5. The preliminary design of all included components of the plant (the tank, solar PV field, solar thermal collectors, and pyrogisifier) in order to obtain a grid-independent system and reduce conventional fossil fuels' adoption;
6. The development of a suitable energy, economic, and environmental model to evaluate the performance of the plant with respect to the conventional system based on a conventional natural gas boiler and national grid.  
This paper was partially published in the Proceedings of the 12 th International Conference on Smart Cities and Green ICT Systems--SMARTGREENS [31].