# Sustainability Assessment on an Urban Scale: Context, Challenges, and Most Relevant Indicators
## 3 Results and Discussion Regarding the Selected Indicators within the Potential Categories
### Urban Structure and Form  
The first proposed category of the environmental dimension of sustainability assessment focuses on analysing the issues related to the shape of the city and urban layouts. As shown in Figure 1, this category is frequently assessed through three indicators. Urban fabric or the relationship between the building and open spaces is proven to influence the bioclimatic potential of the outdoor environment through the orientation of paths and open spaces towards the sun and prevailing winds. On the other hand, the urban form \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{l l c c c c} \hline \hline
**N** & **Indicators** & **SBtool\({}^{\text{PT}}\_\)U** & **SNTool** & **BREEAM-C** & **LEED-ND** \\ \hline
18 & Rainwater harvesting and water body conservation & & & & \(\bullet\) & \(\bullet\) \\ \hline
19 & Centralized water management & \(\bullet\) & & & & \\ \hline
20 & Resource efficiency and low impact material used in public spaces & \(\bullet\) & \(\bullet\) & & \(\bullet\) & \\ \hline
21 & Reuse of the construction and demolition waste & \(\bullet\) & \(\bullet\) & \(\bullet\) & \(\bullet\) & \(\bullet\) \\ \hline
22 & Urban solid waste management & \(\bullet\) & & & & \(\bullet\) \\ \hline
23 & Construction activity pollution prevention & & & & & \(\bullet\) \\ \hline
24 & Distribution of green spaces & \(\bullet\) & & & \(\bullet\) & \\ \hline
25 & Connectivity of green spaces & \(\bullet\) & & & & \\ \hline
26 & Enhancement of ecological value and conservation of imperilled species & \(\bullet\) & \(\bullet\) & \(\bullet\) & \(\bullet\) & \(\bullet\) \\ \hline
27 & Environmental management and monitoring associated with aspects of the natural environment & \(\bullet\) & & & & \(\bullet\) \\ \hline
28 & Use the natural potential of land & \(\bullet\) & & & \(\bullet\) & \(\bullet\) \\ \hline
29 & Compact neighbourhoods & \(\bullet\) & \(\bullet\) & & & \(\bullet\) \\ \hline
30 & Mixed-use neighbourhoods & \(\bullet\) & \(\bullet\) & & & \(\bullet\) \\ \hline
31 & Reuse of urban land & \(\bullet\) & \(\bullet\) & \(\bullet\) & \(\bullet\) & \(\bullet\) \\ \hline
32 & Reuse of buildings and infrastructure & \(\bullet\) & & & \(\bullet\) & \(\bullet\) \\ \hline
33 & Adaption for ambient air quality & \(\bullet\) & \(\bullet\) & \(\bullet\) & & \\ \hline
34 & Heat island effect in the local area & \(\bullet\) & \(\bullet\) & \(\bullet\) & \(\bullet\) & \(\bullet\) \\ \hline
35 & Ambient noise conditions & \(\bullet\) & \(\bullet\) & \(\bullet\) & & \\ \hline
36 & Light pollution reduction & \(\bullet\) & & & \(\bullet\) & \(\bullet\) \\ \hline
37 & Economic viability & \(\bullet\) & & & & \(\bullet\) \\ \hline
38 & Local economy & \(\bullet\) & & & \(\bullet\) & \(\bullet\) \\ \hline
39 & Employability & \(\bullet\) & & & & \\ \hline
40 & Access to public spaces & \(\bullet\) & & & \(\bullet\) & \(\bullet\) \\ \hline
41 & Valuing heritage & \(\bullet\) & & & \(\bullet\) & \(\bullet\) \\ \hline
42 & Social inclusion and integration & \(\bullet\) & & & \(\bullet\) & \(\bullet\) \\ \hline
43 & Housing provision & \(\bullet\) & \(\bullet\) & \(\bullet\) & \(\bullet\) & \(\bullet\) \\ \hline
44 & Street safety & \(\bullet\) & & & \(\bullet\) & \\ \hline
45 & Flood risk assessment & \(\bullet\) & \(\bullet\) & \(\bullet\) & \(\bullet\) & \(\bullet\) \\ \hline
46 & Windstorm events assessment & \(\bullet\) & \(\bullet\) & & & \\ \hline
47 & Earthquake events assessment & \(\bullet\) & \(\bullet\) & & & \\ \hline
48 & Environmental management based on information and communication technologies (ICT) & \(\bullet\) & \(\bullet\) & \(\bullet\) & \\ \hline
49 & Adapting to climate change & & & & \(\bullet\) & \(\bullet\) \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 2: _Cont._affects the efficiency of the urban network, as it determines the ease of circulation, reduction in distances, and humanizes the scale of the streets [23]. This influences the parameters of mobility, as well as the location of pollution emission sources and traffic patterns [24].