# Wind-Induced Dynamic Performance Evaluation of Tall Buildings Considering Future Wind Climate
## 1 Introduction  
The rapid growth of urban populations and limited land availability have led to an increase in tall buildings. These buildings are designed for multiple purposes, such as residential, office, retail, and other occupancy, which encourages a more complex and slender design of buildings. Their slender and flexible designs make them inherently vulnerable to dynamic forces, particularly wind loads [1]. Moreover, anthropogenic effects such as global warming are rapidly changing the climate, which is expected to have a significant impact on wind patterns and extremes, potentially leading to profound consequences for the built environment [2]. Furthermore, research by [PERSON] et al. [3] underscores the importance of considering both mean wind speeds and turbulence intensity when evaluating building performance under changing climatic conditions. Global warming is often claimed to significantly impact the frequency and intensity of windstorms, especially tropical cyclones. There is consensus on a thermodynamically driven future increase in global and regional maximum wind speeds and on the global incidence of high-intensity tropical cyclones [4; 5; 6]. [PERSON] et al. [7] observed a significant upward trend in tropical cyclones of Category 4 and 5 globally between 1995 and 2004. [PERSON] [8] expanded the analysis, focusing on more reliable post-1986 data, and observed only a modest rise in the frequency of Category 4 and 5 storms in the North Atlantic and Northwest Pacific over a twenty-year period. However, the current increase in strong cyclones in the North Atlantic and Caribbean may signify a trend attributable to climate change. [PERSON] [9] forecasted that future warming might amplify the destructive capacity of tropical cyclones, and considering the growing coastal population, there may be a significant increase in hurricane-related losses in the twenty-first century. [PERSON] and [PERSON] [10] developed the Anthropogenic Climate Change Index (ACCI) to assess the influence of human-induced warming on tropical cyclone activity and found that there was a significant increase in the frequency of Category 4 and 5 storms, which was counterbalanced by the reduction in the frequency of Category 1 and 2 storms. They also concluded that there has been a 25-30% regional and worldwide increase in Category 4-5 storms per \({}^{\circ}\)C of anthropogenic global warming since 1975. [PERSON] et al. [11] further stated that greenhouse warming would result in a worldwide increase in the severity of tropical cyclones, with projected intensity rises of 2-11% by 2100. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Sixth Assessment Report (AR6) 2021 [12] observed a rise in the worldwide percentage of intense tropical cyclones (Category 3-5) during the last forty years. The report forecasted a global increase in the frequency of major tropical cyclones (Category 4-5) and the maximum wind speeds of the major tropical cyclones due to escalating global warming. [PERSON] and [PERSON] [13] looked at how humans affect climate change by simulating 15 major tropical cyclone events around the world in pre-industrial and future climates. They found that future anthropogenic warming would strongly raise wind speeds. [PERSON] et al. [14] examined the future translation speed of tropical cyclones by performing high-resolution large-ensemble simulations for both the present and future climates spanning 2051-2110. Modeling results from the present and future climates showed that the average global translation speeds from 1951 to 2011 were 17.5 km/h, and from 2051 to 2110 they were 18.0 km/h. This suggests that climate change could cause future translation speeds to rise. The coastal cities in southeastern China are especially vulnerable to intense winds, storm surges, and substantial rainfall caused by typhoons [15].