# Enhancing Smart Cities' Resilience Through Competency Assessment and Open Data Utilization
## 2 The Role of Resilience Officers in Smart Cities  
A resilient smart city is characterized by its ability to maintain essential functions and services while minimizing disruptions during crises. This resilience encompasses not only physical infrastructure, such as transportation, energy, and communication systems,but also social and institutional infrastructures, including governance, public health, and community engagement. Smart cities utilize advanced technologies and data analytics, often applied to open data, to enhance quality of life, sustainability, and economic growth. However, they face significant challenges, including natural disasters, climate change, and cyberattacks. Managing a city's resilience is inherently complex, requiring interventions across multiple dimensions tailored to specific risks. Cities, as dynamic systems, evolve over time and are exposed to various risks throughout their existence. Therefore, resilience management must be adaptable in its focus, tools, resources, and practices [17]. Active and informed citizen participation is crucial, as citizens play a central role in implementing necessary interventions to withstand and recover from crises [18; 19]. Information technology and open data are vital in constructing and monitoring city resilience. They facilitate the efficient collection, analysis, and dissemination of data necessary for understanding city risks and vulnerabilities. IT-driven approaches can significantly reduce vulnerability and potential damage caused by disasters [20]. Predictive analytics enable risk anticipation and mitigation, while early warning systems alert citizens and authorities, facilitating timely evacuation or emergency response. Additionally, managing resilience involves implementing robust cybersecurity measures to protect critical infrastructure, data, and privacy. Both refs. [21; 22] highlight the critical role of data utilization in improving situational awareness and decision-making, as well as the adoption of data-driven approaches to optimize operational efficiency. Specifically, ref. [21] illustrates the application of maritime data in achieving situational awareness within this domain. In parallel, ref. [22] showcases the deployment of spatial-temporal graph neural networks to enhance load forecasting and decision-making processes. Effectively managing city resilience requires a dedicated individual or team responsible for overseeing and implementing strategies, policies, and initiatives aimed at enhancing the resilience of a smart city [23]. Given the complexity of this process, cities are likely to assign this role to a multidisciplinary team capable of addressing a wide range of factors, including infrastructure, economic stability, social dynamics, institutional frameworks, and environmental considerations [24]. Unlike general smart city managers, SCROs must integrate both the \"smartness\" and \"resilience\" dimensions, prioritizing crisis management, risk management, and the development of specialized resilience policies. For instance, [PERSON] et al. proposed a competency assessment framework that incorporates multiple models of expert competence to evaluate professionals in smart city mobility and transportation, rank them, and identify the most suitable experts [25]. Such a model enables municipalities to strategically select specialists best equipped to manage tasks related to smart city transportation and mobility efficiently. The Smart City Resilience Officer (SCRO) is a newly emerged role within a smart city, serving as the central point for planning and building the city's resilience capacity. Unlike general smart city managers, SCROs must integrate both the \"smartness\" and \"resilience\" dimensions, focusing on crisis management, risk anticipation, and the development of specialized resilience policies.