## 3 Results and Discussions  
### Chemical Composition and GC-MS Analysis of Wheat and Barley  
The data in Table 3 showed that wheatgrass has higher protein, fat, and carbohydrate compared with barely; however, barely has a higher fibre. Both have protein around 20% and low fats around 1.6%.  
The GC-MS analysis of wheatgrass ethanolic extract demonstrated the occurrence of many bioactive compounds and various pharmacologically essential compounds that contain common compounds extracted belong to hydrocarbon class such as 3-octadecene, unsaturated fatty acids (such as and17-octadecatrienoic acid, 9-Octadecenoic acid and 9,12-Octadecationoic acid), and esters (such as Cyclopropanebutanoic acid, 2-[[2-[[2-[[2-pentylcyclopropyl]methyl]cyclopropyl]methyl]cyclopropyl] methyl]-, methyl ester) (Table 1). Most of these compounds possess hydroxyl group and/or double bonds that could contribute to the free radical scavenging activity of the wheatgrass extract, because these groups can donate electrons through resonance so as to stabilize the free radicals [56]. [PERSON] in [57] stated that unsaturated fatty acids can act as antioxidants based on their instauration. In addition, the authors of [34] revealed that wheatgrass has a protective effect against genotoxicity and oxidative stress. It contains several antioxidant vitamins such as A, B, C and E; antioxidant content chlorophyll; and antioxidant enzymes such as SOD, cytochrome oxidase, and other enzymes. [PERSON] et al. [58] reported that wheatgrass is a plentiful source of numerous flavonoids, mainly apigenin, with anti-oxidant and anti-carcinogenic potentials.  
In addition, the GC-MS analysis in Table 4 showed that phytoconstituents in the ethanolic extract of barley grass revealed the presence of three major phytoconstituents (Figure 2). The major phytocomponents reported were dodecane, 9-octadecenoic acid, and ethylios-allocholate. [PERSON] et al. [59] also found that the GC-MS analysis of a methanolic extract of barley grass contained fatty acids like 13-docosenic acid and 9,12,15-octadecatrienoic acid. They have cancer-preventive, nematicide, anti-arthritic, antiandrogenic, anti-inflammatory, and hypocholesterolemomic properties [60].  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c} \hline \hline
**RT** & **Compound Name** & **Area \%** & **\% Peak Area** & **Formula** & **MW** \\ \hline \multicolumn{5}{c}{**Wheat**} \\
5.40 & 3-Octadecena & 4.32 & 72,153,576 & C\({}_{18}\)H\({}_{34}\)O & 266 \\
8.93 & Dodecane & 4.20 & 70,048,549 & C\({}_{12}\)H\({}_{26}\) & 170 \\
24.32 & 2,2,3,3,4,4 & Hexadeceturo octadecanal & 2.91 & 48,550,405 & C\({}_{18}\)H\({}_{30}\)D\({}_{60}\) & 274 \\
27.30 & 17-Octadecynoic acid & 4.80 & 80,057,445 & C\({}_{18}\)H\({}_{32}\)O\({}_{2}\) & 280 \\
27.54 & 2-Pentadecanone, 6,10,14-trimethyl & 5.31 & 88,654,291 & C\({}_{18}\)H\({}_{36}\)O & 268 \\
27.82 & Ethanol, 2-(9-octadecenyloxy) & 2.68 & 44,757,657 & C\({}_{20}\)H\({}_{40}\)O\({}_{2}\) & 312 \\
28.20 & 13-Heptadecyn-1-ol & 1.68 & 27,956,548 & C\({}_{17}\)H\({}_{32}\)O & 252 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}
Table 4: The GC-MS analysis of the ethanolic extract of wheat and barley grasses.  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Grass** & **Proteins** & **Fats** & **Fibers** & **Carbohydrates** & **Ash** \\ \hline
**Wheat** & 21.71 & 1.62 & 18.73 & 31.69 & 12.60 \\
**Barely** & 22.55 & 1.58 & 22.65 & 24.01 & 15.32 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}
Table 3: Chemical composition (%) of germinated dried wheat and barley.