# An Integrated Platform for the Internet of Things Based on an Open Source Ecosystem
## 1 Introduction  
With the development of hardware and software technologies, Internet of Things (IoT) technology has extended intelligence from ordinary computers into people's daily lives. In IoT, many sensors transmit monitoring data through the network to a Cloud Computing platform for storage and intelligent processing. According to the processing results, the needs of people are met by controlling and changing their environment. In 2014, ITU-T released a general requirement proposal for IoT applications [1]. [PERSON] [2] summarized the general requirements of IoT technologies and the specific functions of each type of requirement. These common requirements include non-functional, application support, service, communication, device data management and security and privacy protection requirements. Using this framework, Section 2 presents further analysis of the actual requirements faced by each layer in the architecture of the IoT. To understand and satisfy IoT application real requirements, several IoT research projects have been conducted. The WoT (Web of Things) test bed WoTT is proposed in [3], where the goal is to provide a stable, open, flexible, and secure infrastructure that simplified the design and development of applications. The WoTT test bed is based on a standard protocol that facilitates development and deployment. The specific objectives include hiding details of the underlying implementation, strengthening network self-configuration management (to reduce manual interventions), transparently and simultaneously managing multiple protocols and multiple platforms, and providing a platform for designing and testing task interactions. The IoT-LAB [4] technology mainly tests the link layer protocol performance, such as resource consumption and packet success rate. SmartSantander [5, 6]provides a large-scale test bed with approximately 20,000 nodes deployed in multiple cities in Europe. It focuses on smart city services and environmental data collection. The functional and non-functional requirements of IoT middleware are given in [7]. Various commercial and open source middleware considering application support, application development, and device connection and management are compared. Based on this analysis, an IoT middleware reference model is introduced. By analyzing the characteristics of IoT architecture and applications, the functional and non-functional requirements of IoT middleware technology are also given in [8]. The review summarizes the IoT middleware platforms from the perspectives of resource discovery and management, data management, event management, and code management. However, these platforms mainly focus on wireless sensor networks and were developed early on by scientific research institutions. [PERSON] et al. [9] studied the evaluation criteria of IoT middleware and used the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) method to determine the weights of different standards. They then analyzed and compared the middleware performance in service registration and service composition. Finally, they compared the application development process of four middleware through four different scenarios. [PERSON] et al. [10] surveyed and compared the most relevant autonomic and cognitive architectures for the IoT. They investigated those IoT architectures with self-management and cognitive capabilities for managing many devices and different applications. These architectures try to minimize human intervention and shield the devices' heterogeneity, which are interesting research topics and worthy of deeper study in the future. [PERSON] et al. [11] proposed an INTER-IoT approach for layer interoperability between different IoT domains, including INTER-IoT, INTER-FW, and INTER-Meth. INTER-IoT provides interoperability of different layers, such as the device layer, networking layer, middleware layers, and services layer. INTER-FW is a framework for IoT application development. INTER-Meth provides an engineering methodology based on CASE tools for IoT application integration.