## 3 Proposed Methodology
### Data Preprocessing
This study introduces an innovative approach for PD diagnosis, utilizing a multimodal framework that integrates Electroencephalography (EEG) and Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) data. Our approach focuses on harnessing the distinct and complementary strengths of EEG and MRI to enhance diagnostic accuracy, particularly in the early stages of PD. The research employs a robust algorithmic strategy, including LightGBM and other advanced machine learning techniques, to analyze complex neurological patterns. Key steps in our methodology include preprocessing and feature extraction from both EEG and MRI, followed by fusion using Principal Component Analysis (PCA) for dimensionality reduction. The fused dataset is then evaluated using a LightGBM model, rigorously validated through a 10-fold cross-validation process to ensure stability and reliability. The results demonstrate high levels of accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity in PD classification, which surpass traditional methods. This approach not only offers a more comprehensive view of PD-related neurophysiological and neuroanatomical changes but also represents a significant advancement in the field of PD diagnosis. Future work could involve standardizing data acquisition protocols, expanding sample sizes, and refining analytical methods to address limitations. Additionally, exploring novel biomarkers or imaging modalities may enhance diagnostic accuracy and deepen the understanding of [PERSON]'s disease progression. These efforts could significantly advance diagnosis and management strategies for [PERSON]'s disease. Conceptualization, F.M. ; methodology, M.A. ; software, F.M. ; formal analysis, F.M. ; writing--original draft, S.A.-A. ; Writing--review & editing, F.M. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript. This work was supported by the Research Center of College of Computer and Information Sciences, Deanship of Scientific Research, King Saud University. Not applicable. Data Availability Statement: Data is contained within the article. The authors extend their appreciation to the Deputyship for Research & Innovation, Ministry of Education in Saudi Arabia for funding this research. The authors declare no conflicts of interest. ## References

* [PERSON] et al. (2018) [PERSON]; [PERSON]; [PERSON]; [PERSON] Parkinson disease with and without dementia: A prevalence study and future projections. _Mov. Disord._**2018**, _33_, 537-5433. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
* [PERSON] et al. (2018) [PERSON]; [PERSON]; [PERSON]; [PERSON] [PERSON]; [PERSON]; [PERSON]; [PERSON]; [PERSON]; [PERSON] Associations between tau, beta-amyloid, and cognition in Parkinson disease. _JAMANeurol_**2018**, _75_, 227-2354. * [PERSON] et al. (2017) [PERSON]; [PERSON]; [PERSON] [PERSON]; [PERSON]; [PERSON]; [PERSON]; [PERSON] [PERSON] Cognitive decline in Parkinson disease. _Nat. Rev. Neurol._**2017**, _13_, 217-2315. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
* [PERSON] et al. (2018) [PERSON]; [PERSON]; [PERSON]; [PERSON]; [PERSON]; [PERSON] [PERSON]; [PERSON] [PERSON]; [PERSON] [PERSON]; [PERSON] [PERSON] Early predictors of mortality in parkinsonism and Parkinson disease: A population-based study. _Neurology_**2018**, _91_, e2045-e20566. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
* [PERSON] et al. (2018) [PERSON]; [PERSON]; [PERSON]; [PERSON] Strengths and challenges in conducting clinical trials in [PERSON]'s disease mild cognitive impairment. _Mov. Disord._**2018**, _33_, 520-5277. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
* [PERSON] et al. (2017) [PERSON]; [PERSON]; [PERSON]; [PERSON] (18)-F-FDG PET in parkinsonism: Differential diagnosis and cognitive impairment in [PERSON]'s disease. _J. Nucl. Med._**2017**, _58_, 1888-1898. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
* [PERSON] et al. (2019) [PERSON] [PERSON]; [PERSON]; [PERSON]; [PERSON]; [PERSON]; [PERSON]; [PERSON]; [PERSON]; [PERSON]; [PERSON] Integrative analysis of blood metabolomics and PET brain neuroimaging data for [PERSON]'s disease. _Neurobiol. Dis._**2019**, _124_, 555-5629. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
* Kalia (2018) [PERSON] Biomarkers for cognitive dysfunction in [PERSON]'s disease. _Park. Relat.