## 3 Performance Evaluation of Combinations of Modulation and Spreading Code Techniques
### Combinations of Modulation and Spreading Code Techniques
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{l l l l l l l} \hline \hline
**Spreading Codes** & **OOK** & **PPM** & **DPPM** & **MPPM** & **DPIM** & **DH-PIM\({}_{2}\)** \\ \hline Block partitioning & **1**:2**:2**:2**:2** & **1**:2**:2**:2** & **1**:2**:2**:2** & **1**:2**:2**:2** & **2**:2**:2**:1** & **2**:2**:2**:2** \\ OOC \((31,3,1)\) & 8.9143 nJ & 10.3254 nJ & 10.3254 nJ & 8.9143 nJ & 10.3254 nJ & 8.9143 nJ \\ PC \(p=5\) & 7.8456 nJ & 9.0895 nJ & 9.0895 nJ & 7.8456 nJ & 9.0895 nJ & 7.8456 nJ \\ MPC \(p=5\), \(w=4\) & 8.2957 nJ & 9.6088 nJ & 9.6088 nJ & 8.2957 nJ & 9.6088 nJ & 8.2957 nJ \\ \hline Block partitioning & **1**:2**:3**:3 & **1**:2**:3:3 & **1**:2**:3:3 & **1**:2**:3:3 & **2**:3:3**:1** & **2**:3:3**:1** \\ OOC \((31,3,1)\) & 8.9143 nJ & 10.9178 nJ & 10.9178 nJ & 9.4923 nJ & 10.9178 nJ & 9.4923 nJ \\ PC \(p=5\) & 7.8456 nJ & 9.6088 nJ & 9.6088 nJ & 8.4543 nJ & 9.6088 nJ & 8.4543 nJ \\ MPC \(p=5\), \(w=4\) & 8.2957 nJ & 10.1601 nJ & 10.1601 nJ & 8.8336 nJ & 10.1601 nJ & 8.8336 nJ \\ \hline Block partitioning & **1**:4**:4 & **1**:4**:4 & **1**:4**:4 & **1**:4:4 & **4**:**4**:**1** & **4**:4**:**1** \\ OOC \((31,3,1)\) & 8.9143 nJ & 11.7319 nJ & 11.7319 nJ & 10.3254 nJ & 11.7319 nJ & 10.3254 nJ \\ PC \(p=5\) & 7.8456 nJ & 10.3254 nJ & 10.3254 nJ & 9.0895 nJ & 10.3254 nJ & 9.0895 nJ \\ MPC \(p=5\), \(w=4\) & 8.2957 nJ & 10.9178 nJ & 10.9178 nJ & 9.6088 nJ & 10.9178 nJ & 9.6088 nJ \\ \hline Block partitioning & **1**:5**:3 & **1**:5**:3 & **1**:5:3 & **1**:5:3 & **5**:3**:**1 & **5**:3**:**1** \\ OOC \((31,3,1)\) & 8.9143 nJ & 11.7319 nJ & 11.7319 nJ & 10.3254 nJ & 11.7319 nJ & 10.3254 nJ \\ PC \(p=5\) & 7.8456 nJ & 10.3254 nJ & 10.3254 nJ & 9.0895 nJ & 10.3254 nJ & 9.0895 nJ \\ MPC \(p=5\), \(w=4\) & 8.2957 nJ & 10.9178 nJ & 10.9178 nJ & 9.6088 nJ & 10.9178 nJ & 9.6088 nJ \\ \hline Block partitioning & **1**:8 & **1**:8 & **1**:8 & **1**:8 & **8**:1** & **8**:1** \\ OOC \((31,3,1)\) & 8.9143 nJ & 12.9835 nJ & 12.9835 nJ & 10.3254 nJ & 12.9835 nJ & 11.7319 nJ \\ PC \(p=5\) & 7.8456 nJ & 11.4269 nJ & 11.4269 nJ & 9.0895 nJ & 11.4269 nJ & 10.3254 nJ \\ MPC \(p=5\), \(w=4\) & 8.2957 nJ & 12.0825 nJ & 12.0825 nJ & 9.6088 nJ & 12.0825 nJ & 10.9178 nJ \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 12: Number of pulses \(N_{p}\) and time slots \(L_{max}\) as a combination of block partitioning, modulation, and spreading code. Each cell expresses the modulated and spread results as a 2-tuple \(\left(N_{p},L_{max}\right)\). \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{l l l l l l l} \hline \hline
**Spreading Codes** & **OOK** & **PPM** & **DPPM** & **MPPM** & **DPIM** & **DH-PIM\({}_{2}\)** \\ \hline Block partitioning & **1**:2**:2**:2** & **1**:2**:2**:2** & **1**:2**:2**:2** & **1**:2**:2**:2** & **2**:2**:2**:**1** & **2**:2**:2**:**1** \\ OOC \((31,3,1)\) & 27, 279 & 15, 527 & 15, 527 & 27, 527 & 15, 527 & 27, 527 \\ PC \(p=5\) & 45, 225 & 25, 425 & 25, 425  
one time slot was allocated 5 ns, 39.835 ns were required to complete the transmission. In this worst case, the transmission was completed within the allowed 67 \(\upmu\)s of the prototype LIDAR system, so a combination of all possible modulation and spreading code techniques is possible. The combination of PPM, DPPM, or DPIM as the modulation technique and using OOC as the spreading code technique had the smallest number of '1's. They required a small emission time and the largest pulse peak power. In Section 3.2, Tables 11-13 are used to evaluate the performance (i.e., maximum distance, accuracy, and precision) of possible combinations of optical modulation schemes and spreading code techniques that can be used for the prototype LIDAR system.