# 5G V2X System-Level Architecture of 5 GCAR Project
## 3 Overall 5 GCAR Architecture Design
### Network Orchestration and Management  
Network orchestration and management are two important aspects to be optimized for network deployment and management, which obviously impact achievable network performance. The network infrastructure will be composed of servers distributed at several locations ranging from the edge (considering local/edge cloud capabilities) to district level (big town, or group of towns), to regional level, country level, and up to more centralized locations (the Internet for instance). This raises the challenge of defining the whole system in a coherent way. The orchestration of such infrastructure should be able to define a set of infrastructure services enabling to automate deployments, maintenance, management, configuration, upgrade, and repair of each component of the system. The baseline considered by the 5 GCAR project with respect to orchestration is composed of the different open source NFV/SDN frameworks such as:  
* ETSI open source MANO (OSM), which is an open-source management and orchestration (MANO) framework with a strong relationship to industry. The focus is on the provision of network services on top of OpenStack/VMware/AmazonWS infrastructure. Its current release (release 4) is production-ready, but it lacks support for containers and service function chaining (SFC). * Open network automation platform (ONAP), which is defined as an open-source software platform that delivers capabilities for the design, creation, orchestration, monitoring, and life cycle management of virtual network functions. The carrier-scale software-defined networks that contain them and higher-level services that combine the above. ONAP has consequently a wider perimeter than ETSI OSM. It is expected that release 3 (Casablanca) would be fully functional, but current deployment requires a large number of resources. Another aspect considered in the 5 GCAR project is that the ITS software must be designed in accordance with cloud ready principles [10]. This adaptation to the features of the virtual resources and to the cloud tools allows reaching the requirements of the ITS software, notably the resiliency requirement. The problem of the placement of components in a distributed environment is complex. An orchestrator will be used to deploy the components in order to satisfy running time SLA constraints such as latency, reliability, etc. Some open-source projects such as OpenStack Tricircle [11] deal with the problem of placement in a distributed environment. The works [12; 13] are addressing the problem of placement of software components in a distributed environment. Another aspect to be considered related to network management is the relationship with the variation of road traffic conditions. For example, a road may experience some ten-folds increase of vehicle density compared to that of preferred road traffic situations (for which placement of functionalities and resources has been planned). This brings us back to the need of having a network able to dynamically reconfigure itself to adapt to varying load conditions. On this topic, 5 GCAR analyzed how network orchestration and management capabilities can be enhanced in order to cope with the unique requirements of vehicular use cases. The main target has been to improve network management and reconfigurability to cope with the dynamicity in terms of traffic demand of vehicular scenarios. On this topic, the focus of the 5 GCAR project has been on aligning the orchestration framework with data analytics and exposure frameworks of the 3 GPP system. A high-level procedure for aligning orchestration with 3 GPP data analytics and exposure frameworks can be found in Figure 5. At the application level, an interface will grant exchange of information between the application function (AF) and 3 GPP functional control plane entities through the exposure framework, i.e., the NEF. In this case, the orchestration framework is considered as an AF interacting with the 3 GPP exposure framework.