## 1 Introduction
[12] found that hybrid methodologies, which combine different models or methods to assess flood risks and impacts on transportation networks, are the most commonly used approaches in previous research. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c} \hline \hline
**Article** & **Title** & **Covered Period** & **No. of Papers Reviewed** \\ \hline [PERSON] et al. [7] & Impacts of Urban Floods on Road Connectivity—A Review and Systematic Bibliometric Analysis & 1977–2020 & 115 \\ \hline [PERSON] et al. [8] & A systematic review of the resilience of transportation infrastructures affected by flooding & 1998–2018 & 80 \\ \hline [PERSON] et al. [9] & A Systematic Review of Civil and Environmental Infrastructures for Coastal Adaptation to Sea Level Rise & 1999–2019 & 47 \\ \hline [PERSON] et al. [10] & A review of flood impact assessment approaches for underground infrastructures in urban areas: a focus on transport systems & 2004–2019 & 29 \\ \hline [PERSON] and [PERSON] [11] & Resilience modeling concepts in transportation systems: a comprehensive review based on mode, and modeling techniques & 2006–2020 & Not determined \\ \hline [PERSON] et al. [12] & Flood Impact Assessments on Transportation Networks: A Review of Methods and Associated Temporal and Spatial Scales & Up to 2020 & 30 \\ \hline [PERSON] et al. [13] & A review of floodwater impacts on the stability of transportation embankments & Not determined & Not determined \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 1: Literature review articles regarding flood impacts on transportation networks since 2015. However, the authors suggest that developing an automated tool for conducting flood impact assessments could reduce costs and be applicable to other natural hazards, such as fires. To achieve this, existing studies on the indirect impacts of floods on transportation networks that use hybrid methods are analyzed in the current SLR, while papers that use other methods are excluded. Figure 1 shows the frequency of applied methods in published papers in this field since 2005, based on the same database used in Section 2.3. The main aim of this paper is to provide an SLR of the hybrid technique, which is the most common technique being used to assess and quantify flood indirect impacts on motorized transportation systems. It means that studies on active modes, including pedestrians and bicycles, are excluded from this SLR, although they may have applied a hybrid method. Additionally, the review will examine the details of both traffic and flood models, as well as their integration techniques, with a focus on the analyzed flood types and transportation modes. This will enable the identification of the optimal options for each level of the development of the automated tool, while also highlighting gaps in the existing literature and paving the way for future research in this field. Indeed, this SLR could be beneficial to two distinct audiences. Firstly, academic researchers just starting in the subject may find this overview valuable, as it analyzes and compares existing flood impacts assessments on traffic systems from 2005 up to 2023 and thus could be used to identify gaps in existing studies. If a researcher seeks to model a specific part of the flooded networks, this research could reveal which modeling techniques have been applied previously, and thus help in identifying some best modeling practices. It also includes an overview of the data used to parameterize existing studies. Secondly, decision-makers such as municipalities, stakeholders, and city planners might find this article helpful in gaining an overview of the current state-of-the-art on flood indirect impacts on transportation networks. It may offer advice on how to efficiently analyze a specific part or asset or even the whole transportation network against flooding by applying the same methods as the previous studies with the same situation of flood and transportation network. The remainder of the present paper is developed as follows.