## 3 Methodology
### Visualization Tool  
The visualization toolkit offers various graphical display methods designed to help researchers intuitively understand and analyze complex data within simulated ecosystems. First, the gender ratio pie chart clearly illustrates the proportion of male and female individuals in the ecosystem, aiding researchers in understanding the gender distribution. Second, the age structure pie chart categorizes individuals into different age groups, facilitating the observation of the quantity distribution and changing trends of individuals at various age stages. Additionally, the alive status pie chart displays the ratio of surviving to deceased individuals, reflecting the survival status of individuals in the ecosystem and enabling researchers to assess the health of the ecosystem. The population change curve graph serves as a dynamic tool that illustrates how population numbers fluctuate over time, helping researchers grasp the growth, decline, or volatility of populations from a temporal perspective. Finally, the reproductive network tree provides an intuitive view by showcasing the familial relationships between individuals, allowing researchers to easily trace the breeding history and lineage structure of individuals. Furthermore, the population distribution map records the density of populations on the landscape after the simulation is complete. This map reflects the geographical distribution of populations following random movement to some extent. The land carrying capacity map displays the environmental carrying capacity of each soil agent (grid) on the landscape, which influences the population density. The real population line chart represents the actual trends in population number changes, allowing for the validation of the results and trends observed in the simulated population line chart. Figure 4 showcases the diverse visualization capabilities of WAPET, demonstrating its ability to present complex ecological data in an accessible and informative manner. The figure comprises seven simulation-generated visualizations (Figure 4a-g) and one real-world data plot (Figure 4h), illustrating the tool's comprehensive approach to population dynamics analysis. Specifically, the visualizations include the following: (Figure 4a) the gender ratio, (Figure 4b) the age distribution, (Figure 4c) birth and death rates, (Figure 4d) the simulated population trend, (Figure 4e) the reproductive network, (Figure 4f) the spatial distribution of the population within the habitat, and (Figure 4g) the land carrying capacity distribution. The simulated population trend (Figure 4d) is juxtaposed with the actual species data curve (Figure 4h) from the UK butterfly population study [41] to demonstrate the tool's predictive capabilities. While the exact replication of real-world data is not the primary goal of this demonstration, the simulated trend closely approximates the general trajectory of population decline observed in the actual data. It is worth noting that the simulated curve (Figure 4d) exhibits non-smooth characteristics and inherent randomness, which are natural consequences of employing ABM and Monte Carlo simulation tech  
niques. Despite these differences in curve smoothness, both the simulated (Figure 4d) and actual (Figure 4h) data converge on a declining population trend, underscoring WAPET's potential as a valuable tool for predicting broad ecological patterns. These visualizations collectively demonstrate WAPET's capacity to provide a multi-dimensional understanding of population dynamics, offering valuable insights for biodiversity conservation efforts and policy-making. It is important to note that the visualizations presented in Figure 4 are primarily intended to showcase the functionality of the WAPET tool, rather than to provide definitive ecological analyses.