## 2 Materials and Methods
### Measurements  
The measurements at the 3 selected consecutive stops included the field recording of the terms in operation, laboratory processing of the collected video data, and the creation of a synthesized database of observed and measured data. The operation of tram vehicles and passenger exchange on stops were recorded using Miovision Scout devices mounted on stop signs (Figure 6). Measurements were conducted simultaneously on all 3 stops in October 2020 during 5 working days, from Monday to Friday. The recording on each day lasted from 6 a.m. to 8 p.m., during which a total of 210 h of video material was recorded. Laboratory data processing included the analysis of video material and the collection of data regarding the tram vehicle type, arrival and departure time at the tram stop, and the number of passengers boarding and alighting the tram through a specific door. The collected data were combined into a single database. According to the timetable, every day in the period from 6 a.m. to 8 p.m., 188 tram vehicles (124 TMK301 trans, 37 TMK2100 trans, and 27 TMK2200 trans) passed through \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c} \hline \hline
**Vehicle Characteristic** & **TMK301** & **TMK2100** & **TMK2200** \\ \hline Number of vehicles & 51 & 16 & 140 \\ Manufacturer & CKD & Cro Tram & KonCar \\ Maximum speed (km/h) & 55 & 58 & 70 \\ Acceleration (m/\(s^{2}\)) & 1.30 & 0.85 & 1.10 \\ Length (mm) & 18,110 & 27,300 & 32,038 \\ Width (mm) & 2180 & 2200 & 2300 \\ Height (mm) & 3110 & 3527 & 3700 \\ Empty vehicle weight (t) & 19.70 & 35.00 & 41.50 \\ Passenger seats & 25 & 46 & 41 \\ Standing places & 125 & 196 & 241 \\ Full vehicle weight (t) & 31.03 & 53.23 & 62.73 \\ Axle count & 4 & 8 & 6 \\ Door number & 4 & 5 & 6 \\ Door width (mm) & 1480 & 1450 & 1600 \\ Door type & double leaf & double panel & double panel \\  & folding & sliding & sliding \\ Door opening/closing time (s) & 1.5 & 2.5 & 3.0 \\ Floor height (mm) & 900 & 900 & 300 \\ Number of steps & 2 & 2 & 0 \\ Number of channels per door & 2 & 2 & 2 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 5: Tram vehicles characteristics. Figure 6: Miovision Scout devices mounted on stop signs: (**a**) Stop-1; (**b**) Stop-2; (**c**) Stop-3. the 3 stops that were under observation. Depending on vehicle daily availability, in 1 day, 117-125 TMK301 vehicles, 33-52 TMK2100 vehicles, and 17-32 TMK2200 vehicles passed the tram stops that were under observation. In the observed period, a total of 2830 stops of tram vehicles were detected at all 3 stops. The daily distribution of detected trans by tram type per day of the observation period is presented in Figure 7.  
The passenger counting process included the classification of counted passengers according to the alighting and boarding at the specific door. A total of 23,013 passengers were counted during the observation period, of which 9616 passengers boarded the trans and 13,397 alighted. The daily distribution of counted passengers according to tram stop is presented in Figure 8a: 9283 passengers were counted at Stop-1, 4911 passengers at Stop-2, and 8819 passengers at Stop-3. The daily distribution of counted passengers according to tram type is presented in Figure 8b: 13,626 counted passengers used a TMK301 tram, 6054 passengers used a TMK2100 tram, and 3333 passengers used a TMK2200 tram. The largest volume of passengers was counted on Tuesday, a total of 4910 passengers, of which 2807 passengers alighted, and 2103 passengers boarded the tram vehicles. The lowest volume of passengers was counted on Friday, i.e., 4086 passengers with a similar boarding/alighting ratio. The hourly distribution of the counted passengers according to the tram stop, presented in Figure 9, shows that the passenger traffic at Stop-2 was lower and evenly distributed between 7 a.m. and 4 p.m., while at Stop-1 and Stop-3 morning and afternoon peaks (when over 200 passengers are counted in a single hour) were visible. Figure 8: Daily distribution of counted passengers: (**a**) according to tram stop; (**b**) according to tram type.