## 3 Results
### Initial Superimposition of Acoustic Startle and Touch Displacement
(**A**) Participants subsequently received the STARTLE stimuli, followed by the DISPLACEMENT. (**B**) Participants subsequently received the DISPLACEMENT, followed by the STARTLE. Asterisks indicate differences identified by [PERSON]’s HSD comparisons (\(p<0.05\)). Blue squares, DISPLACEMENT; Red circles, COMBINED; Green triangles, STARTLE. Closed symbols indicate data points used in the statistical analysis. TA, tibialis anterior; AD, anterior deltoid; SCM, sternocleidomastoid; OO, orbicularis oculi; COPAP, center of pressure anterior–posterior; MVC, maximum voluntary contraction. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c c c} \hline  & & \multicolumn{4}{c}{**Stimulus**} & \multicolumn{4}{c}{**Statistical Results**} \\ \hline A & C\({}_{1}\) & C\({}_{8-10}\) & S\({}_{1}\) & S\({}_{5}\) & D\({}_{1}\) & D\({}_{5}\) & \(n\) & Main Effect & Tukey’s HSD (\(p<0.05\)) \\
**Medenical** & & & & & & & & \\ \(\Delta\)COP\({}_{\rm AP}\) (mm) & 18.8 (6.0) & 5.9 (2.7) & 0.3 (1.0) & 0.0 (0.7) & 3.0 (2.1) & 0.8 (1.0) & 8 & 6.98 (\(p=0.000\)) & C\({}_{1}>\) C\({}_{8-10}\) \\ \(\Delta\)Elbow (deg) & \(-\)17.1 (3.3) & \(-\)0.8 (0.5) & 0.0 (0.1) & 0.0 (0.1) & 0.7 (0.4) & 1.0 (0.3) & 8 & 27.1 (\(p=0.000\)) & C\({}_{1}>\) C\({}_{8-10}\) \\
**EMG (\%MVC)** & & & & & & & & \\ TA & 21.3 (4.6) & 7.0 (2.5) & 1.7 (0.9) & 0.1 (0.1) & 0.1 (0.2) & 0.2 (0.1) & 8 & 17.7 (\(p=0.000\)) & C\({}_{1}>\) C\({}_{8-10}\) \\ AD & 9.6 (5.5) & 4.9 (2.1) & 0.8 (0.7) & 0.4 (0.3) & 0.8 (0.6) & 1.5 (0.8) & 8 & 2.88 (\(p=0.028\)) & C\({}_{1}>\) C\({}_{8-10}\) \\ SCM & 27.2 (7.8) & 9.8 (2.0) & 3.7 (1.5) & 1.1 (1.4) & 0.0 (0.1) & -0.1 (0.4) & 7 & 11.5 (\(p=0.000\)) & C\({}_{1}>\) C\({}_{8-10}\) \\ OO & 11.3 (3.5) & 17.8 (4.4) & 12.6 (3.6) & 14.3 (5.3) & 0.0 (0.5) & 0.0 (0.3) & 8 & 9.09 (\(p=0.000\)) & S\({}_{5}>\) D\({}_{1}\) \\
**Stimulus** & & & & & & & & & \\
**Medenical** & & & & & & & & \\ \(\Delta\)COP\({}_{\rm AP}\) (mm) & 21.6 (7.9) & 4.5 (2.4) & 4.1 (1.3) & -0.2 (0.5) & 0.6 (0.7) & 1.8 (1.8) & 8 & 5.99 (\(p=0.000\)) & C\({}_{1}>\) C\({}_{8-10}\) \\ \(\Delta\)Elbow (deg) & \(-\)195 (4.0) & \(-\)0.3(0.8) & 0.4 (0.2) & 1.9 (0.7) & 0.0 (0.3) & -0.2 (0.2) & 8 & 24.1 (\(p=0.000\)) & C\({}_{1}>\) C\({}_{8-10}\) \\
**EMG (\%MVC)** & & & & & & & & \\ TA & 30.3 (8.3) & 7.3 (4.4) & 2.1 (1.4) & 1.3 (0.9) & 1.8 (1.0) & 3.1 (1.5) & 8 & 10.1 (\(p=0.000\)) & C\({}_{1}>\) C\({}_{8-10}\) \\ AD & 7.4 (2.6) & 5.6 (1.3) & 0.9 (0.7) & 1.2 (0.9) & 4.0 (1.5) & 2.9 (0.8) & 8 & 4.32 (\(p=0.004\)) & C\({}_{8-10}\) \(>\) D\({}_{1}\) \\ SCM & 36.0 (11.3) & 11.2 (3.7) & 1.3 (1.2) & \(-\)0.3 (0.2) & 8.8 (3.1) & 4.7 (2.6) & 7 & 7.58 (\(p=0.000\)) & C\({}_{1}>\) C\({}_{8-10}\) \\ OO & 20.2 (6.1) & 21.3 (6.2) & 3.7 (2.3) & 4.0 (2.0) & 19.3 (9.0) & 15.2 (9.2) & 8 & 4.10 (\(p=0.005\)) & C\({}_{8-10}\) \(>\) D\({}_{1}\), D\({}_{5}<\) S\({}_{1}\) \\ \hline \end{tabular} Values are means (SE), COP\({}_{\rm AP}\), center of pressure anterior-posterior; TA, tibialis anterior; AD, anterior delabolid; SCM, stereomelocanstoid; OO, orthaxisité; D, touch displacement; S, starfree C, combined; MVC, maximum voluntary contraction. Statistical results are \(r\) statistics and values. [PERSON]’s HSD applied to adjacent points in sequence only.  
\end{table} 
Table 2: Change in COP\({}_{\rm AP}\) position and elbow angle, and normalized muscle response amplitudes.