## 4 The Influence of Power Consumption on Communication Reliability in Islanded Microgrids  
Due to the control modifications, microgrid energy resiliency will increase, but with a high cost. Power consumption is directly proportional to communication network availability. Greater availability means a quick response to an outage event.  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c} \hline \hline
**Sleep Mode** & **Latency** & **Wake-Up** & **Base Station** \\
**Depth** & **Trade-OFF** & **Time** & **Deactivate Parts** \\ \hline Soft & Low & Low & Power Amplifier \\ \hline Long & Medium & Medium & Power Amplifier/Baseband processor /Signal processor \\  & & & Air conditioning/Rectifier \\ \hline OFF & High & High & All devices \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}
Table 4: Control application features.  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c} \hline \hline
**Microgrid** & **Loads** & **Base Station** & **Latency** \\
**Operation Mode** & **Priority** & **Power State** & **Constraints** \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{Normal} & HP & ON & None \\  & MP & Soft & Low \\  & LP & Long & Medium \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{Emergency} & HP & Soft & Low \\  & MP & Long & Medium \\  & LP & OFF & High \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{Critical} & HP & Long & Medium \\  & MP & OFF & High \\ \cline{1-1}  & LP & OFF & High \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}
Table 3: Energy saving communication scheme for islanded operation.  
Availability, for its turn, is related to latency and reliability, since a more reliable environment is the one that quickly senses, acts and reacts due to changes. A low latency requirement of a given communication application demands higher reliability from the network. Therefore, long latency tasks require less from the communication system, assuming less power consumption and lower reliability.  
In islanded operation conditions, electrical energy consumption is a critical variable and energy has limited availability. Therefore, more power is necessary to maintain all distributed BSs active during microgrid operation to support smart communication applications, since all IED devices are continuously transmitting and receiving data.  
Furthermore, a trade-off is established between grid resiliency and communication reliability. If the MGCC system manager aims to maximize the survival time from an islanded microgrid, some saving actions must be taken, and loads must be shed according to the microgrid's operational state, as shown in Table 3.  
Due to the lack of available energy during critical situations, the communication network that serves low and medium priority loads are shed. Therefore, to ensure that the communication system still maintains certain connectivity for critical loads, the EMS set the base stations' units to long sleep modes, which guarantees certain communication capability.  
In addition, when the available energy is very low during critical situations, the EMS disables all of the communication functionalities to extend the supply of critical loads, which decreases grid smartness and affects smart operation features. The affected functionalities due to sleep mode deepness for each case are:  
* Soft Sleep Mode:
* Wide-Area Situational Awareness,
* Transmission Line Monitoring,
* Outage Management,
* Fault Location, Isolation, and Restoration for Distribution Grids.
* Long Sleep Mode. Besides the functionalities listed above, the following features are lost:
* Distribution Management,
* Advanced metering infrastructure (AMI),
* Substation Automation,
* In-Home Communications,
* Meter Reads.
* Demand Response.
* OFF mode. This mode forces the deactivation of the BS:
* All smart applications functionalities are lost.  
Since all features are affected, it is necessary to evaluate the trade-off impact between energy efficiency and grid smartness by the reliability analysis.