# Creation of One- and Two-Dimensional Copper and Zinc Oxides Semiconductor Structures
## 1 Introduction
In the case in which an optical component is used to form a specified wavefront, the field distribution in the target region can be determined. This is known as the optical forward problem [37]. However, in order to create an optical component that focuses the beam into a certain region of space, it is necessary to solve the optical inverse problem. This not only involves focusing the beam into the target region on the focal plane but also the formation of a predetermined intensity distribution in this region [38; 39]. From a mathematical perspective, creating an optical component that precisely generates the required wave field can be challenging since the solution may not exist or may be unstable. Nevertheless, solutions to these problems can be found [40; 41]. One example of an optical inverse problem is the task of directing a beam of light using an optical device into a specific region, such as a line or a figure. In this task, the intensity distribution in the focused region is controlled, but the phase function can be chosen arbitrarily. This degree of freedom allows one to calculate the optical component that provides a predetermined focus [42]. To achieve the desired intensity profile, it is important to create a focusing area with dimensions similar to the smallest possible achievable spot width. This spot dimension is determined by the diffraction process, which thus plays a crucial role in obtaining the desired intensity profile. Sometimes, to solve specific problems, it is required to focus the beam into a region whose longitudinal dimensions are significantly greater than the transverse dimensions that coincide with the diffraction-limited spot width. For such cases, the tasks of focusing the beam into a segment or curve as well as a set of lines are solved [43]. New methods using pulse-periodic laser irradiation to create various types of nanomaterials, such as nanoporous and layered structures from metal-oxide nanowires, have been developed [44; 45; 46]. By subjecting metallic materials to such laser treatment, a significant increase in the diffusion coefficient was obtained, which is explained as the result of the combined effect of heating and laser-induced vibrations. These vibrations occur mainly in the sound frequency range and are caused by pulse-periodic laser irradiation lasting in the microsecond and millisecond ranges. This combination of heat and vibrations has allowed for the creation of a unique approach for producing quasi-one-dimensional nanostructured metal oxides by the laser-matter interaction. For the further development of methods of laser irradiation to increase the diffusion coefficient and improve mass transfer in solid-phase metallic materials, it is important to analyze the possibilities of creating structures with improved physical and mechanical properties [47]. One of the main challenges in this field is ensuring predeterminate laser exposure across all local areas within the irradiated zone. This challenge can be addressed by modifying the shape of the laser beam and redistributing the energy and power density using appropriate optical systems. This opens up exciting possibilities for utilizing laser irradiation as an advanced technique to manipulate and enhance the properties of various materials. The main objective of this article is to conduct an analysis of the provided ordered information pertaining to advancements in the application of nano- and microtechnologies using laser irradiation for the creation of one- and two-dimensional materials. In the course of the analysis, special attention is paid to the estimation of the prospectivity and efficiency of the use of these methods for solving various classes of issues and problems. In particular, the synthesis of nanostructured divalent copper oxide and zinc oxide, which have exceptional properties superior to their macroscale analogs, is considered. Furthermore, the use of optical systems to control the intensity and spatial distribution of light waves is subject to review.