## 2 Literature Review
### Maintaining the Heritage BIM Database: Strategies and Frameworks  
To ensure the regular update and maintenance of the heritage BIM database for Ad Deir in Petra, Jordan, detailed strategies and technical frameworks are essential. Firstly, this can be via implement a version control system to track changes made to the heritage BIM database over time. This system should record who made the changes, when they were made, and what specific modifications were implemented. Moreover, through utilising version control software such as Git v. 2.45.1. or SVN v. 1.14.7 (Subversion) to manage revisions effectively. These tools allow for branching, merging, and tagging of databaseversions, facilitating collaboration among team members, and ensuring data integrity while establishing clear protocols and workflows for updating the database, incorporating guidelines for reviewing, and approving changes before implementation. This approach ensures consistency and accuracy in the data [17].  
Secondly, these tools allow for the selection of a reliable storage solution for the heritage BIM database, ensuring scalability, security, and redundancy. Cloud-based storage services like Amazon S3, Microsoft Azure, or Google Cloud Storage offer scalable and secure options for storing large datasets as well as the implementation of regular backup procedures to prevent data loss in case of hardware failure, system errors, or security breaches. Backups should be performed frequently and stored in geographically diverse locations to mitigate the risk of data loss. Sensitive encrypted data should be stored in the database to protect it from unauthorized access or data breaches. Strong encryption algorithms and secure access controls should be used to safeguard the confidentiality and integrity of the data [42].  
Thirdly, access control policies can regulate who can view, edit, and delete data in the heritage BIM database. Role-based access control (RBAC) can be used to assign permissions based on users' roles and responsibilities within the project team. Authentication mechanisms, such as username/password authentication or multi-factor authentication (MFA), can be implemented to verify the identity of users accessing the database. This helps prevent unauthorized access and unauthorized changes to the data. User activity should be monitored and database access logs audited to detect any suspicious or unauthorized behaviour. Access control settings and user permissions should be regularly reviewed to ensure compliance with security policies and regulatory requirements [43].  
Finally, a change management process should be established to document and track proposed changes to the heritage BIM database. This process should include steps for submitting change requests, assessing their impact, obtaining approvals, and implementing the changes. A change log or change register should be maintained to record details of all approved changes, including the rationale for the change, the affected database components, and the individuals responsible for implementing the change. Regular reviews and audits of the database should be performed to identify potential issues, discrepancies, or data inconsistencies. Any identified issues should be addressed promptly and corrective actions taken to maintain data quality and reliability should be documented [44].