## 2 Comparative Review of Life Cycle Analysis Tools for Building Assessment
### VERIFY as a Dynamic LCA/LCC Tool  
The abovementioned challenges underline the necessity of tools that integrate environmental and economic assessments with dynamic, scenario-based modeling to better support decision-making in building renovations. VERIFY addresses these gaps by combining robust data integration, advanced simulation capabilities, and scenario flexibility. VERIFY enables stakeholders to assess the impacts of renovations across a range of conditions, such as atypical disruptions like the COVID-19 pandemic, by dynamically integrating data on energy usage, energy tariffs, and renewable energy contributions. Unlike static tools, VERIFY's interoperability with energy modeling tools supports long-term energy performance projections and thermal simulations over extended periods, providing accurate insights into potential renovation impacts. Additionally, VERIFY's alignment with European and international standards ensures compliance with regulatory requirements and facilitates the generation of standardized reports suitable for certification processes. VERIFY is a web-based platform developed to address the challenges of integrating environmental and economic assessments for building renovations, particularly under dynamic and atypical conditions. Its hybrid model data-driven LCA and LCC approach offers a holistic framework for the evaluation of environmental and financial implications of renovation strategies. By utilizing both static and dynamic data, VERIFY enhances the accuracy and relevance of its assessments, addressing limitations observed in traditional tools. The modular design within VERIFY ensures that components such as building systems, renewable technologies, and energy storage are analyzed both independently (in terms of their lifecycle impact and costs) and jointly (in terms of their contribution to the building's energy consumption and production patterns) while considering their contributions to the overall lifecycle performance. This modular functionality allows for both targeted system-level optimizations and holistic assessments, enabling stakeholders to evaluate short-term operational impacts and long-term sustainability goals with precision. In the context of project AURORAL, VERIFY was integrated into the broader AURORAL platform to support the LCA and LCC analyses for the project's building renovation projects. Figure 1 presents the architecture of the overall platform. It should be noted that, while in this case, the AURORAL platform was used as a data source, any source provisioning either real-time or historical data of hourly granularity can be used for VERIFY's analyses. For cases where no historical data are available, VERIFY relies on physics-based energy simulation software to acquire representative time series for the building's operational profile. This is achieved through VERIFY's integration with INTEMA, a building energy modeling tool developed by the Centre for Research and Technology Hellas and validated through its application in multiple modeling scenarios [21; 41; 42; 43; 44; 45; 21]. INTEMA, developed in Modelica [47], conducts accurate building energy performance simulations. The underlying Modelica library consists of two main packages: the first deals with the passive elements of the building, accounting for various heat transfer phenomena such as conduction, convection, short-wave, and long-wave radiation. The second package includes dynamic models for the building's active systems, such as HVAC, electrical generation, and energy storage. The variables considered for estimating the energy load include, among others, (i) solar radiation; (ii) the presence of people, their activities, and the use of the space; (iii) psychrometric charts and HVAC system operations; and (iv) power generation from electrical systems, if applicable.