# What Factors Influence the Injuries of Canoeists and Kayakers over the Years?
## 3 Results
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c} \hline \hline  & \multicolumn{3}{c}{**CANOE**} & \multicolumn{3}{c}{**KAYAK**} \\ \hline
**Age** & **Mean** & **SE** & **CI 95\%** & **Mean** & **SE** & **CI 95\%** \\ \hline
14–16 & 1.39 * & 0.13 & (1.13–1.65) & 0.31 & 0.06 & (0.19–0.43) \\ \hline
17–19 & 1.34 * & 0.11 & (1.12–1.56) & 0.31 & 0.05 & (0.20–0.41) \\ \hline
20–22 & 1.30 * & 0.09 & (1.11–1.48) & 0.30 & 0.05 & (0.20–0.40) \\ \hline
23–25 & 1.25 * & 0.09 & (1.08–1.42) & 0.30 & 0.05 & (0.19–0.41) \\ \hline
26–28 & 1.20 * & 0.09 & (1.02–1.39) & 0.30 & 0.06 & (0.17–0.42) \\ \hline
29–31 & 1.16 * & 0.11 & (0.95–1.37) & 0.30 & 0.08 & (0.15–0.44) \\ \hline
32–34 & 1.11 * & 0.13 & (0.86–1.36) & 0.29 & 0.09 & (0.12–0.47) \\ \hline
35–37 & 1.07 * & 0.15 & (0.76–1.37) & 0.29 & 0.10 & (0.09–0.50) \\ \hline
38–40 & 1.02 * & 0.18 & (0.66–1.38) & 0.29 & 0.12 & (0.05–0.53) \\ \hline
41–43 & 0.97 & 0.21 & (0.56–1.39) & 0.29 & 0.14 & (0.02–0.56) \\ \hline
44–46 & 0.93 & 0.24 & (0.45–1.39) & 0.29 & 0.15 & (\(-\)0.02–0.59) \\ \hline
47–49 & 0.88 & 0.27 & (0.35–1.41) & 0.28 & 0.17 & (\(-\)0.05–0.62) \\ \hline
50–52 & 0.84 & 0.30 & (0.24–1.42) & 0.28 & 0.19 & (\(-\)0.09–0.65) \\ \hline
53–55 & 0.79 & 0.33 & (0.14–1.43) & 0.28 & 0.20 & (\(-\)0.12–0.68) \\ \hline
56 & 0.74 & 0.36 & (0.03–1.45) & 0.28 & 0.22 & (\(-\)0.16–0.71) \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular} Note. *: \(p\) value \(<0.05\).  
\end{table} 
Table 3: Marginal means of mild injuries by modality and age, adjusted for gender. Figure 2: Graphical representation and trend of mild injuries by modality and age, adjusted for gender. is lower than in canoeing until the age of 50, with values ranging between 0.12 and 0.22. However, this trend reverses after the age of 50, with the probability of injury increasing to 0.24 in kayaking and decreasing to 0.16 in canoeing. This suggests that kayaking is less likely to cause injury than canoeing until the age of 50 but becomes more injurious thereafter. Moderate injuries are more frequent in canoeists and decrease as age advances. Those in kayaking maintain a slight slope (Figure 3 and Table 4), with confidence intervals increasing with age. The marginal means of severe and very severe injuries increase with age, in both sports modalities, with confidence intervals overlapping in all age ranges (Figure 3 and Table 4). Table 4 and Figure 3 show that the probability of a severe or very severe injury in canoeing increases with age, from 0.12 at 14-16 years to more than 0.47 at 53 years or older. In kayaking, the trend is similar, but the probabilities are lower in all age groups until 50 years, ranging between 0.07 and 0.37. This suggests that the risk of severe or very severe injury increases with age in both sports, but more so in canoeing than in kayaking. The marginal means of serious and very serious injuries increase with age, in both sports modalities, overlapping the confidence intervals in all age groups (Figure 4 and Table 5). Table 5 and Figure 4 indicate that the overall frequency of injuries is higher in canoeing, with values of 2.93 at 14-16 years and 2.57 at 53 years or older, compared to kayaking, which has values of 1.43 and 1.50, respectively. Therefore, canoeing has a higher probability of injury than kayaking across all age groups. The marginal means of severe and very severe injuries increase with age, in both sports modalities, with confidence intervals overlapping in all age ranges. In relation to the modality, the probability of injury is higher in canoeists (mild injury: coeff. \(-1.28\), \(p\) value \(-0.001\); moderate: coeff. \(-1.06\), \(p\) value \(<0.001\); severe/very severe: coeff. \(-0.01\), \(p\) value 0.953). The differences are significant for mild and moderate injuries. In all types of injury (mild, moderate, and severe/very severe), the probability of becoming injured is lower in men (mild injury: coeff. \(-0.107\), \(p\) value 0.260; moderate: coeff. \(-0.054\), \(p\) value 0.383; severe/very severe: coeff. \(-0.042\), \(p\) value 0.279), although the statistical estimates are not significant.