## 2 Literature Review
### Application of DEMATEL and PROMETHE II Methods in Technology Assessment  
In the scientific literature, increasing attention has been devoted to multi-criteria decision analysis methods as tools supporting the assessment and selection of technologies in the context of industrial transformation. Specifically, DEMATEL and PROMETHEE II have found wide application in the analysis of complex technological systems. DEMATEL enables the identification of causal relationships among evaluation criteria, thereby revealing the internal structure of interdependencies. PROMETHEE II, on the other hand, facilitates the ranking of alternatives based on expert preferences and multiple evaluation perspectives. Together, these methods support a structured and interpretable decision making process, which is particularly valuable for prioritizing emerging technologies within Industry 4.0 and 5.0. In the study by [PERSON] and [PERSON] [49], a hybrid DEMATEL-ANP (Analytic Network Process)-Fuzzy PROMETHEE II approach was presented and applied to the evaluation and classification of startups. The authors demonstrated the usefulness of this combination of methods under uncertainty, indicating its potential in the analysis of modern technologies. Similarly, [PERSON] et al. [50] used DEMATEL to model the interdependencies among risks in construction projects, which allowed for a better understanding of the structure of risk factors in highly complex environments. PROMETHEE II in the work of [PERSON] and [PERSON] [51] was used to develop a probabilistic decision model aimed at increasing precision in uncertain environments. In the study by [PERSON] et al. [52], this method was applied to compare energy requalification strategies in the design of post-coal cities, demonstrating its usefulness in assessing sustainable development scenarios. In infrastructure applications, [PERSON] et al. [53] compared water loss management strategies while [PERSON] et al. [54] combined PROMETHEE II with DEA (Data Envelopment Analysis) to evaluate the performance of financial institutions. Other studies, such as that of [PERSON] et al. [55], demonstrated the application of hybrid GIS (Geographic Information System)-MCDA methods in flood hazard assessment. Integrated methods such as GRA (Grey Relational Analysis)-DEMATEL-PROMETHEE II have been successfully applied to the multi-criteria evaluation of renewable energy alternatives ([PERSON] et al. [56]), and [PERSON] [57] proposed a time-based extension of PROMETHEE II for managing alternative fuels. The innovativeness of MCDA methods is further supported by the research of [PERSON] et al. [58], which demonstrated their effectiveness in assessing the mental workload of flight controllers, and the work of [PERSON] et al. [59], where DEMATEL was used to analyse the success factors in knowledge management implementation. The selection of DEMATEL and PROMETHEE II for a hybrid methodology leverages their complementary strengths. DEMATEL effectively uncovers causal relationships and feedback loops among transformation areas or evaluation criteria--an aspect that classical methods such as AHP or TOPSIS do not capture. PROMETHEE II, on the other hand, provides a robust ranking mechanism based on preference functions and pairwise comparisons, without requiring consistency checks or hierarchical structures. Compared to ANP, the combined DEMATEL-PROMETHEE II approach is more interpretable and less data-intensive, making it well-suited for expert-based strategic evaluations involving interdependencies and multiple perspectives. Furthermore, both methods have strong theoretical foundations and have been applied successfully in technology prioritization and industrial transformation domains. Although the literature shows a wide range of applications of the discussed methods, there remains a lack of models that combine the hierarchical assessment of technologies with the analysis of their impact from multiple perspectives: economic, organizational, and technological.