## 6 Nanofertilizers
### Zeolite-Based Nanofertilizer System for Sustainable Agriculture
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c} \hline \hline
**Nanofertilizers** & **Constituents** & **Name of Manufacturer** \\ \hline Nano Ultra-Fertilizer (500) g & organic matter, 5.5\%; Nitrogen, 10\%; P\({}_{2}\)O\({}_{5}\), 9\%; K\({}_{2}\)O, 14\%; MgO, 3\% & SMTET Eco-technologies \\ \hline Nano Calcium (Magic Green) (1) kg & CaCO\({}_{3}\), 77.9\%; MgCO\({}_{3}\), 7.4\%; SiO\({}_{2}\), 7.47\%; K, 0.2\%; & \\  & Na, 0.03\%; P, 0.02\%; Fe-7.4 ppm; Al\({}_{2}\)O\({}_{3}\), 6.3 ppm; Sr, & AC International Network \\  & 804 ppm; sulfate, 278 ppm; Ba, 174 ppm; Mn, & Co., Ltd., Germany \\  & 172 ppm; Zn, 10 ppm & \\ \hline Nano Capsule & N, 0.5\%; P\({}_{2}\)O\({}_{5}\), 0.7\%; K\({}_{2}\)O, 3.9\%; Ca, 2.0\%; Mg, 0.2\%; & The Best International \\  & S, 0.8\%; Fe, 2.0\%; Mn, 0.004\%; Cu, 0.007\%; Zn, 0.004\% & Network Co., Ltd., Thailand \\ \hline Nano Micro Nutrient (EcoStar) (500) g & Zn, 6\%; B, 2\%; Cu, 1\%; Fe, 6\%; EDTA Mo, 0.05\%; & Shan Maw Myae Trading \\  & Mn, 5\%+; AMINOS, 5\% & Co., Ltd., India \\ \hline PPC Nano (120) mL & M protein, 19.6\%; Na\({}_{2}\)O, 0.3\%; K\({}_{2}\)O, 2.1\%; & WAI International \\  & (NH\({}_{4}\))\({}_{2}\)SO\({}_{4}\), 1.7\%; diluent, 76\% & Development Co., Ltd., \\  & & Malaysia \\ \hline Nano Max NPK & Multiple organic acids chelated with major nutrients, & JU Agri Sciences Pvt. Ltd., \\ Fertilizer & amino acids, organic carbon, organic micro & Janakpuri, New Delhi, India \\  & nutrients/trace elements, vitamins, and probiotic & Tropical Agrosystem India \\ \hline TAG NANO (NPK, & Protein-lacto-gluconate chelated with & \\ PhoS, Zinc, Cal, etc.) & micronutrients, vitamins, probiotics, seaweed & Tropical Agrosystem India \\ fertilizers & extracts, and humic acid & (P) Ltd., India \\ \hline Nano Green & Extracts of corn, grain, soybeans, potatoes, coconut, & Nano Green Sciences, Inc., \\  & and palm & India \\ \hline Bioazar & Combination of organic materials, micronutrients, & Fanavar Nano-Pazhoohesh \\ Nano-Fertilizer & and macromolecules & Markazi Company, Iran \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 2: Some approved nanofertilizers used in the world today and their compositions. Data from [62; 67]. Drug Administration (FDA) have declared zeolites non-toxic, which enables their extensive use in agriculture and food respectively in recent times [70]. The reduction of zeolites to nanoforms can be done by the top-down approach of ball milling, which reduces their sizes and enhances the surface area for proper interaction or adsorption and desorption of ions [73]. This property enables holding some ions and releasing some in a mechanistic way appropriate for crop improvement and it is also environmentally friendly. Nanozoolite therefore is strategized for improved properties, hence promoting the excellent use of other macro- and micronutrients. In general agriculture, their functions are not only limited to enhancing the soil nutrients, regulating soil acidity, enabling quality seed germination or acting as pesticides, but extends to supplementing the nutritional requirements of most animals and exhibiting wound healing properties [70]. [PERSON] and [PERSON] reported that there was high uptake of nitrogen by plants, but low concentration on the soil and roots when urea fertilizers were applied with nanozoolite (nanozoeurea), because they aided the slow release of the nutrients [60]. Such practice prevents the over concentration of nitrogen in the soil, which could be leached to cause eutrophication and greenhouse effect. Zeolite-based agricultural systems are highly promising but there has been limited interest in them over the years [60]. With the recent uncovering of potentials exhibited by nanozoolites, it is clear that they can change the agricultural sector for the better.