# Internet of Things and Its Applications: A Comprehensive Survey
## 5 IoT Applications
### Environment Applications  
Numerous research has been conducted to evaluate the use of IoT in an environmental context. To begin with, [PERSON] et al. [106] developed an online monitoring system equipped with a WSN and directed for henhouses to monitor the environmental aspects, including the humidity, temperature, carbon dioxide, and ammonia (NH3). The authors stated that, in previous studies, the majority of applications had been related to the development of systems, where the reliability of data transmission was not taken into consideration. Therefore, in this work, the authors tried to solve the problem by suggesting a transport protocol focusing on a loss recovery approach. Moreover, duplicated data auto filtering and lost data filling were performed to estimate the data rate and to increase the system integrity. Additionally, the web remote controlling system was designed to enable the operators to access the collected information through smartphones and computers to manage the henhouse environment with a better user interface. Moreover, additional expansions of this study are improving the data collection precision and reliability of the system, as well as reducing small update and maintenance costs. However, the energy consumption was not evaluated in this study. In [107], a platform for an ecological controlling system using IoT is introduced. The main target constituted the wild vegetation community by focusing on climate changes. The architecture suggested in this research work consists of low power consumption WSN. Regarding the control of a wild vegetation environment, numerous significant features, including the soil humidity and temperature, tilt, carbon dioxide, illumination of the habitat environment, and growth conditions represented by the tree diameter and sap movement, are measured. In order to assess the recommended program, a model was established and analyzed for a test-bed used for rough trees. Unfortunately, the results showing the effectiveness and execution of the suggested approach are not available. In a study conducted by [PERSON] et al. [108], the authors focused on the revival of a rural hydrological control system, with the emphasis on the link, in Lake Chini (Malaysia). This research study contributed to understanding of the reliability of the central sensor used in the network infrastructure system through LoRa and 2G and the performance restriction of the low data sensor network, especially in a rural environment. These two factors are significant for reviving a countryside water station controlling center and highlighting the possible development of wireless communication in rural areas. [PERSON] et al. [109] created a high-efficiency smart home with a low cost for people suffering from visual or hearing incapacities or pet owners. The suggested smart home uses different and numerous sensors that aim to ensure a real-time reaction to users in four major features, including clothing, shelter, traveling, and food. It also uses a web server that enables storage of the collected information, and helps to provide statistics and support data analysis. In particular, the created smart home focused on several features, including the temperature and humidity control, security, health control, safety, pets, elderly, and disabled control functions. The tests were successful, resulting in an easy connection and low-cost machines for distant control using the internet. The study conducted by [PERSON] et al. [110] categorizes technology and information related to natural disaster management and monitoring through the concept of the smart city. It suggests a prototype for monitoring smart disasters using Information and Communications Technology and the Smart City domain, in order to avoid the significant impact that natural disasters may have on the sustainability and prevent environmental impacts. [PERSON] et al. [111] worked on challenges in ozone migration through observations of the ozone surface of three Malaysian locations that were