## 3 Results and Discussion
### Phase Determination and Crystalline Size Analysis via X-ray Diffraction (XRD)
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c c c} \hline \hline \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Co-Dolo**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**HP-Dolo**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**HPO-Dolo-BM**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Dolomite**} \\ \hline \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Average Crystallite**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Average Crystallite**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Average Crystallite**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Legend**} \\ \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Size = 552.5 nm**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Size = 448.3 nm**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Size = 354.0 nm**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Legend**} \\ \hline
20 & d-value & FWHM & 20 & d-value & FWHM & 20 & d-value & FWHM & (hkl) \\
30.909 & 2.89075 & 0.1344 & 30.9 & 2.89125 & 0.188 & 30.906 & 2.89099 & 0.2253 & 104 \\
41.078 & 2.19557 & 0.1932 & 41.076 & 2.19565 & 0.1856 & 41.072 & 2.19588 & 0.2378 & 113 \\
44.841 & 2.01966 & 0.1696 & 44.878 & 2.01805 & 0.1829 & 44.868 & 2.01849 & 0.2226 & 202 \\
50.430 & 1.80814 & 0.1463 & 50.450 & 1.80746 & 0.2309 & 50.458 & 1.80721 & 0.2937 & 018 \\
50.982 & 1.78985 & 0.1809 & 51.008 & 1.7890 & 0.2195 & 51.005 & 1.78911 & 0.3062 & 116 \\ \hline \multicolumn{2}{c}{Lattice Parameters (Calculated for hkl = (300) and (006))} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{Lattice Parameters (Calculated for hkl = (300) and (006))} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{Lattice Parameters (Calculated for hkl = (300) and (006))} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{\begin{tabular}{c} a = b = 4.811 Å \\ c = 16.0462 Å \\ c = 16.07487 Å \\ Unit Cell Volume = 322.29 Å (Å)\end{tabular} } & \multicolumn{2}{c}{\
\begin{tabular}{c} a = b = 4.8187(8) Å \\ c = 16.0504 Å \\ Unit Cell Volume = 322.22 Å (Å)\end{tabular} } & \multicolumn{2}{c}{
\begin{tabular}{c} a = b = 4.8187(8) Å \\ c = 16.0513 Å \\ Unit Cell Volume = 322.78 Å \\ \end{tabular} } \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 3: Comparison of X-ray Diffraction (XRD) peaks of dolomite of Commercial Dolomite (CO-Dolo), Hand Picked Dolomite (HP-Dolo), and Hand Picked Dolomite and Ball milled (HP-Dolo-BM). Figure 3: X-ray Diffraction (XRD) spectrum of commercial dolomite, handpicked dolomite, and ball milled dolomite. system with space group R-3:H(148) is adopted [45]. The lattice parameters (a and c) and the unit cell volume of the commercial dolomite samples are slightly larger than the handpicked dolomites and it supports the average crystallites calculations. On the other hand, the ball milling though downsizes the crystallites about 94.3 nm, the lattice constants, and the unit cell volume slightly higher in HP-Dolo-BM when compared to pristine HP-Dolo. This increase in both lattice parameters (\(\Delta\)a/a\({}_{0}\) = 0.085%; \(\Delta\)c/c\({}_{0}\) = 0.0056%) and unit cell volume (\(\Delta\)V/V\({}_{0}\) = 0.18%) for the HP-Dolo-BM are due to the ball mill-induced deformation in the crystal lattice [46]. Additionally, since the ball milling was done in DI water and with only 10 min, the possibility of Fe incorporation into the sample highly unlikely. The preciseness of the sample preparation and repeating of measurements are within the error limit of less than 1%. Since the commercial and handpicked dolomite samples are as used without further purification the preciseness in preparation is almost 100%. For the ball-milled, handpicked dolomites, we have followed same experimental conditions, such as ball to powder weight ratio, time duration and medium of milling; the preciseness of preparation is within 5% experimental and human error. The repeating of characterization measurements has been done with the standard operating procedure, so the preciseness was ensured, and it was within the error limit of less than 1%.