# Piezoelectric Energy Harvesting Prediction and Efficient Management for Industrial Wireless Sensor
## 6 Conclusions  
This paper is motivated by the need to deploy completely autonomous IWS in current industrial applications to support Industry 4.0 objectives. A design method is introduced here to make it possible to maximize the size of the transmitted data to the BS at each measurement cycle. Unlike most of the work, which consists of accumulating the harvested energy in a battery until it is enough to transmit data, this work proposes predicting the rate of the harvestable energy. The vibrations that abound in the industrial sector are a power source for the IWS. A database of the vibrations at the location of the IWS is first made up then the mechanical to electrical energy conversion is performed by using a Simscape model. Initially, linear prediction techniques based on the EWMA algorithm were considered. Although the results obtained were satisfactory, a relative prediction error of approximately 25.25% was obtained. It subsequently exploited the periodicity observed in the harvestable power, periodicity due to the industrial process's repetitive tasks, to propose a PHEV, which made it possible to reduce the relative error to 21% and the RMSE from 28.6% to 19.5%. The energy predictor makes it possible, under the basis of a hardware block consumption model  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c} \hline \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**Ref (Year)**} & **Applications** & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Throughput**} \\  & **(Acceleration @ Frequency)** & **Used Method** & **@Transmission Range @** \\ \hline
[64] (2005) & \(--\) @ 60 Hz & Data compression and & \(-\) @ 0.1 s\({}^{-1}\) \\  & & HSU approach & \(-\) @ 0.1 s\({}^{-1}\) \\
[65] (2017) & 0.15 g @ 40 Hz & HSU & \(-\) @ 0 1 min\({}^{-1}\) \\
[38] (2017) & \(--\) @ 2.42 Hz & HSU & \(-\) @ 0 12 h\({}^{-1}\) \\
[66] (2018) & Vehicles (1.3 g @ 40 Hz) & HSU & \(--\) @ 327 m @ 10 min\({}^{-1}\) \\
[19] (2020) & Mining locomotive & PT with SSHI and HSU & 1.21 bits/s @ 958 m @ 7 min\({}^{-1}\) \\  & (0.98 g @21.88 Hz) & PT with PHEV and MDSP & 4 bits/s@3 km @ 1 min\({}^{-1}\) \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}
Table 6: Comparison with some related designs.  
based on commonly used components, to ensure an average bit rate of 4 bits/s, which is satisfactory for observing physical phenomena such as temperature. The design method proposed here ensures the WS's energy autonomy while maintaining an acceptable QoS and can be applied to any other industrial process.  
[PERSON] got the idea for the paper and wrote the manuscript. The two professors [PERSON] and [PERSON], have all supervised the entire writing of this work done by [PERSON] while bringing each in their field of predilection. [PERSON] has contributed to everything that was related to the wireless communication aspect via a wireless sensor energy consumption and the management of the harvested energy. [PERSON] and [PERSON] brought to the acquisition of the vibration data and the design of the PHEV. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.  
This research received no external funding.  
The authors declare no conflict of interest.