# Probabilistic Analysis of Low-Emission Hydrogen Production from a Photovoltaic Carport
## 6 Conclusions  
The aim of this article was to determine the levels of monthly energy production by photovoltaic systems placed on a carrot structure with accuracy in relation to the probability distribution in order to use it to produce low-emission hydrogen for transport purposes. For this purpose, 3D modeling and the Building Information Modeling (BIM) approach were used to determine the size and peak power of the carrot. Then, the amount of energy produced and the probability of generating individual monthly energy levels and low-emission hydrogen production levels for systems located in Poland and Italy were compared. The following conclusions result from the research and analyses conducted in this article:  
1. This article includes the 3D modeling and the probabilistic analysis of a low-emission hydrogen generation system powered by energy from the photovoltaic carrot. First, the individual components of the low-emission hydrogen generation system were  
Figure 13: The probability of producing a specific monthly expenditure of low-emission hydrogen using energy from photovoltaic systems located in Poland and Italy. characterized. Due to the purpose of the produced hydrogen, it was decided that the energy for its production would come from the carrot. The 3D modeling presented in this article allows us to estimate the sufficient surface area in order to generate the specific amount of hydrogen. To produce hydrogen in the amount of 34 kg/day, a photovoltaic carrot was designed in 3D using the Solid Edge software with a peak power of 6.36 kWp. The peak power results from the use of twelve bifacial panels with a peak power of 530 Wp. The approximate overall dimensions of the carrot will be 6.822 mm \(\times\) 4.536 mm. With a carrot leg spacing of 6000 mm, two compact-class vehicles can be parked under it. The hydrogen generation system, including an electrolyzer, a water preparation station and a hydrogen dryer, as well as an energy storage facility, was placed in a 10-foot ISO shipping container. 2. Among the many available hydrogen production technologies, the AEM electrolyzer technology was selected for producing clean hydrogen that is able to meet the requirements of the automotive industry. The selected 2.4 kW electrolyzer is ideally suited for producing 1 kg of hydrogen per day, provided that the appropriate amount of energy is supplied. In order to ensure the production of low-emission hydrogen with the energy from the photovoltaic carrot, it was necessary to store the energy in a stationary storage. The power produced by the carrot, which is an excess in relation to the power consumed by the electrolyzer, must be stored in the energy storage and released from it at times of lower power generated from the sun and at night. 3. A probabilistic analysis of the monthly energy production by two photovoltaic systems located in two European countries, namely Poland and Italy, was then performed. The calculation method presented in this article uses the Metalog probability distribution family. As a result of using the actual monthly energy production by the photovoltaic systems with a peak power of 6.3 kWp located in Poland and Italy for calculations, the probabilistic analysis takes into account the geographical context related to the location of the low-emission hydrogen generation system. The system located in Italy was able to produce approximately 200 kWh more energy per month than its counterpart located in Poland. Higher monthly energy production in Italian geographical and climatic conditions resulted in a higher probability of generating individual energy levels, which directly translated into the probability of generating individual monthly low-emission hydrogen expenditures. 4. The monthly hydrogen production amounts were compared with the average hydrogen consumption of the two most popular hydrogen fuel cell vehicles.