## 2 Literature Review on IoT and Lightweight Security Protocols
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c} \hline \hline
**Reference** & **Year** & **Topic** \\ \hline [PERSON] et al. (2021) & 2021 & Discusses the idea of proxy re-encryption, where nodes at the edge networks can apply more robust security algorithms. Introduces _end-through-nodes-to-end_ security. Compares several lightweight solutions. \\ \hline [PERSON] et al. (2022) & 2019 & Reviews seventeen lightweight authenticated encryption (LAE) algorithms dating back to 2010. The algorithms are compared in terms of hardware implementation and software speed. \\ \hline [PERSON] et al. (2013) & 2017 & Compares lightweight block ciphers and hash functions in terms of the number of rounds, key size, and block size. Introduces primitives that evaluate whether an encryption algorithm is lightweight. \\ \hline [PERSON] et al. (2014) & 2018 & Explains the foundations of ECC in detail. Reviews ECC solutions that are suited for IoT devices. Defines criteria to identify if an ECC algorithm is lightweight or not. \\ \hline [PERSON] et al. (2015) & 2019 & Reviews practical and theoretical lightweight cryptography (LWC). Several block ciphers are compared against AES. Moreover, they review papers about the security of LoRaWAN. \\ \hline [PERSON] et al. (2016) & 2019 & Advantages and drawbacks of lightweight hash function families. A comparison of permutations and transformation functions used in different lightweight hash families. \\ \hline [PERSON] et al. (2020) & 2020 & Discusses baby monitoring camera security. Algorithms such as AES, PRESENT, and an ECC-based algorithm are presented as lightweight solutions for these systems. \\ \hline [PERSON] et al. (2020) & 2013 & Very useful overview of seventeen lightweight block ciphers, potential attacks against them, and a comparison of their memory requirements and performance (cycles/byte). \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 2: Lightweight solutions for IoT. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Block Cipher** & **Year** & \begin{tabular}{c} **Block Size** \\ **(Bits)** \\ \end{tabular} & \begin{tabular}{c} **Key Size** \\ **(Bits)** \\ \end{tabular} & \begin{tabular}{c} **Rounds** \\ **[**28**]** \\ \end{tabular} & \begin{tabular}{c} **[PERSON]** \\ **[**22**]** \\ \end{tabular} & **[PERSON]** & **[PERSON] [**23**]** & **[PERSON] [**21**]** & \
\begin{tabular}{c} **[PERSON]** \\ **[**25**]** \\ \end{tabular} &
\begin{tabular}{c} **ISO** \\ Std \\ \end{tabular} \\ \hline SPECK & 2013 & 64 & 96 & 26 & & ✓ & & ✓ & ✓ \\ \hline SIMON & 2013 & 64 & 96 & 26 & & ✓ & ✓ & ✓ & ✓ \\ \hline TWINE & 2013 & 64 & 80/128 & 36 & ✓ & & ✓ & ✓ & ✓ \\ \hline KLEIN & 2012 & 64 & 64/80/96 & 12/16/20 & ✓ & & & & ✓ \\ \hline LED & 2011 & 64 & 64/128 & 32/48 & ✓ & & & ✓ & ✓ \\ \hline LIBlock & 2011 & 64 & 80 & 32 & ✓ & & & & ✓ \\ \hline Piccolo & 2011 & 64 & 80/128 & 25/31 & ✓ & & & & ✓ \\ \hline KATAN and & 2009 & 32/48/64 & 80 & 254 & ✓ & & & & \\ \hline PRESENT & 2007 & 64 & 80/128 & 31 & ✓ & ✓ & ✓ & ✓ & ✓ & ✓ \\ \hline CLEFIA & 2007 & 128 & 128 & 18 & ✓ & ✓ & & & ✓ \\ \hline DESL and DESXL & 2007 & 64 & 184 & 16 & ✓ & & ✓ & & \\ \hline HIGHT & 2006 & 64 & 128 & 32 & ✓ & & ✓ & ✓ & ✓ \\ \hline mCrypton & 2006 & 64 & 64/96/128 & 12 & ✓ & & & & \\ \hline IDEA & 2006 & 64 & 128 & 85 & ✓ & & & & \\ \hline NOKERON & 2000 & 128 & 128 & 16 & ✓ & & & & \\ \hline SKIPJACK & 1999 & 64 & 80 & 32 & ✓ & & & & \\ \hline AES & 1998 & 128 & 128/192/256 & 10/12/14 & ✓ & ✓ & ✓ & ✓ & ✓ \\ \hline TEA and XTEA & 1997 & 64 & 128 & 64 & ✓ & & ✓ & ✓ & ✓ \\ \hline RCS & 1995 & 64 & 128 & 1–255 & & & ✓ & ✓ & ✓ \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 4: Lightweight solutions for IoT.