## 6 Conclusions and Future Work  
This article has presented a methodology for enabling a progressive adoption of RINA in IoT networks and overcoming the challenges of current IoT networks. The proposed architecture has tackled the current limitation on seamless integration of RINA and SDN  
Figure 19: Evolution of speed and throughput of a flow running on single L2 VPN overlay. Figure 18: Performance degradation of several L2 VPNs running at the same times. Packet size is set to 60 bytes. technologies by providing a RINA SBI driver to control RINA nodes using an SDN controller. The proposed methodology has highlighted three components: (i) RINA-based DAF, (ii) RINA SBI driver, and (iii) RINA L2 VPN. The RINA-based DAF has provided a secure management framework based on the RINA manager, the SDN controller, and the CDAP-based and HTTP-based MAs. Using this secure management framework, the SDN controller through the RINA SBI could request to allocate resources along the edge-fog-cloud continuum. Functional testing has demonstrated that the DAF management helped enable a secure connection between MAs and the RINA SBI for interchanging crucial CDAP messages to create and destroy slices (DIFs). Consequently, all the RINA nodes deployed along the edge-fog-cloud continuum can be managed using a centralized approach. Furthermore, the RINA SBI driver has powered the current OpenFlow-based SDN controller software to enable the hybrid centralized management of SDN switches and RINA nodes. The SDN controller and RINA SBI driver integration will open opportunities for RINA in some challenging IoT scenarios with emerging technologies such as the tactile Internet. Furthermore, the RINA L2 VPN was demonstrated to be an efficient solution enabling seamless communication between edge nodes and the cloud. By doing so, the no-RINA applications could benefit from RINA networks without any changes. All these features will enable a progressive adoption of RINA in IoT environments and bridge the gap between future network developments and current network deployments. As an alternative Internet stack, RINA may introduce benefits in terms of scalability and flexibility in an environment where devices are highly mobile. The RINA nodes can be managed from an SDN controller by using the acRINA SBI driver. As a result, the SDN controller can manage heterogeneous network devices (OpenFlow-based and RINA-based), allowing the opportunity to progressively adopt RINA in IoT environments. The proposed architecture integration is the starting point for establishing RINA as a network solution option in high-low latency applications. Further research will be conducted to analyze and experiment with RINA on the Radio Access Network (RAN). Furthermore, the current implementation will be used to conduct experiments to evaluate the QoS in IoT and tactile Internet scenarios and assess scenarios centered on mobility applications. In addition, the RINA SBI driver will be adapted to support to other controllers (ONOS, \(\mu\)ONOS). Conceptualization, D.S.-J. and E.G. ; methodology, D.S.-J. and S.G.-A. ; software, D.S.-J., S.G.-A. and A.L. ; validation, [PERSON]-[PERSON], [PERSON] and A.L. ; formal analysis, [PERSON]-[PERSON] and [PERSON]; investigation, [PERSON]-[PERSON] and [PERSON]; resources, [PERSON]-J.; data curation, [PERSON]-[PERSON] and [PERSON]-[PERSON]; writing--original draft preparation, [PERSON]-J., [PERSON] and A.L. ; writing--review and editing, [PERSON]-J. and M.C. ; visualization, [PERSON]-J., [PERSON] and A.L. ; supervision, E.G., M.C. and D.P. ; project administration, E.G., M.C. and D.P. ; funding acquisition, E.G., D.P. and M.C. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript. This research received funding from the Departament de Recerca de Universitats de la Generalitat de Catalunya under grant 2021 SGR 01524 and from the European Union's \"Horizon 2020\" research and innovation program as a part of the TERMINET project under Grant Agreement n\({}^{\text{o}}\) 957406. Not applicable.