## 2 Related Work  
During the past few decades, there has been much research on the fault-tolerant problem in network optimization and algorithm design. How to provide a fault-tolerant guarantee is one of the most important challenges. Researchers have drawn attention to this active field and proposed several solutions. [PERSON] et al. in [3] explored the resilience problem in current communication networks and systematically designed an Internet architecture with survivability as a design consideration. In [4], the authors presented a flow assignment method for computer network design by combining routing and survivability aspects. The authors of [5] investigated the problem of a base station failure in a wireless cellular mobile communication system. In [6], the effects of failures on user mobility and survivability issues in phone/personal communications services networks in a wireless environment were addressed. The authors in [7] took survivability requirements and capacity constraints in wireless access networks into account and designed multi-period optimization. [PERSON] et al. in [8] designed a novel routing protocol to solve the survivability protection problem against multi-path failures within a minimum packet redundancy restriction. References [9; 10; 11; 12; 13] focus on fault-tolerant issues while considering node placement, topology control, and the routing algorithm. Regarding the design of survivability mechanisms in wireless multi-hop networks, researchers have conducted exploratory work with various optimization objectives during the past few years. The authors in [14] studied the maximal network-covering problem in wireless networks. Using binary integer programming methods, the authors solved the maximal-covering problem and offered reliable services provisioning, meeting the network connectivity requirement. This approach was expected to help network planners to deploy Wireless Multi-hop Networks (WMNs) with lower installation costs. The authors in [15] designed a novel scheme to establish a reliable network infrastructure based on the ear decomposition method. The generated topology can guarantee full coverage to all mesh clients and tolerate an error in a single mesh node. The authors of [16] studied the issue of mesh gateway deployment and network topology control, presenting two schemes to address the requirements for delay-tolerance and survivability in backbone wireless mesh networks. The network survival mechanisms in [16] can offer network planners a number of feasible compromise solutions. However, these static proactive network survivability mechanisms lack good flexibility and adaptability. [PERSON] et al. in [17] presented a new routing protection algorithm to increase network survivability against node or link failures in a wireless multi-hop environment. The method in [17] permits network elements to react to local failures quickly using a proactive backup route. With the joint optimization of scheduling, routing, and channel assignment, the authors of [18] studied the network recovery problem in a multi-interface multi-channel wireless mesh scenario. Their scheme can adjust routing and channel assignments to avoid network congestion. To some degree, these reactive schemes can recover the fault path to ensure packet transmission is uninterrupted. However, longer delays prevent these schemes from being practical. [PERSON] et al. in [19] addressed the survivability problem under a many-to-one traffic pattern and provided sufficient theoretical proof and analysis. They also proposed a network protection mechanism based on network coding to overcome the inadequacies of previous methods. In [20],  
Figure 1: The convergence architecture of smart healthcare. [PERSON] et al. studied the fault-tolerance routing problem and developed a learning-automaton-based adaptive fault-tolerant routing scheme in an IOT environment. To improve bandwidth efficiency, [PERSON] et al.