## 1 Introduction
In recent years, additive manufacturing (AM) technology has gained increasing attention and has been applied in industries and academic research because AM substantially increases the design freedom for lattice structure shaping and high material usage efficiency. Furthermore, AM technology offers near net shape manufacturing of light components used in industrial applications. The AM process is a powerful tool for the production of complex parts, whose fabrication is difficult using traditional manufacturing techniques such as internal cooling channels or a large number of ventilation holes. Furthermore, AM provides rapid prototype production for the development of new products, multiple-model production, and short time-to-market. Additive manufacturing describes a number of additive processes, the most popular AM processes such as laser based powder bed fusion, including SLM, selective laser sintering (SLS), and direct metal laser sintering (DMLS) are now available. [PERSON] et al. (2019) [4] proposed and experimentally evaluated a novel permeable membrane microchannel (PMM) heat sink design. The AlSi10 Mg aluminum alloy fabricated by DMLS was used to produce the features with complex and thin porous wall to overcome the pressure drop issues. The AlSi10 Mg with a nominal conductivity of \(k\) was considered as approximately 110 W m\({}^{-1}\) K\({}^{-1}\). The fluids flow to the heat sink was forced through thin porous walls which was functioned as conducting fins and membranes with fine internal flow heat convection that enables throughflow for efficient heat exchange. A low-pressure-drop manifold microchannel (MMC) heat sink was used as benchmark for evaluating the performance of the PMM heat sink geometry. Both heat sinks were experimentally characterized using deionized water as the working fluid at a constant pumping power of 0.018 W and flow rates of 50-500 mL min\({}^{-1}\), the permeable membrane microchannel design delivered a 17% reduction in thermal resistance and a 28% reduction in pressure drop compared to the MMC. The AlSi10 Mg is an aluminum-based alloy that is widely used in the AM-fabricated products requiring better mechanical properties and high thermal conductivity. The thermal conductivity (\(k\)) of solid AlSi10 Mg at 20 and 100 \({}^{\circ}\)C is 147 and 155 W m\({}^{-1}\) K\({}^{-1}\), respectively, and the specific heat capacity (\(C_{\rm p}\)) at 20 and 100 \({}^{\circ}\)C is 739 and 755 J kg\({}^{-1}\) K\({}^{-1}\), respectively. The density (\(\rho\)) of solid AlSi10 Mg is 2650 kg m\({}^{-3}\) ([PERSON] and [PERSON], 2014) [5]. [PERSON] et al. (2012) [6] revealed that SLM is an additive manufacturing technique. In this technique, a part is fabricated layer wise by melting the top layer of a powder bed by using a high intensity laser that uses sliced 3D CAD data. The mechanical properties of SLM-produced AlSi10 Mg parts, such as tensile strength, elongation, Young's modulus, impact toughness, and hardness were studied. These parts are comparable or superior to conventionally produced AlSi10 Mg cast parts. However, AlSi10 Mg thermal performance was not presented. [PERSON] and [PERSON] (2014) [7] studied an optimal heat sink design problem, in which nonuniform fin widths and heights were used to minimize the system thermal resistance (\(R\)) of the fin array and obtain the optimal dimensions of the heat sink. Under forced convection, heat dissipation results in heat removal when the circulation flow passage design is appropriate. [PERSON] et al. (2017) [8] studied two-finned heat sink performance. The performance of two conventional finned heat sinks was examined under air cooling with forced and natural convections and using different heating power inputs. They determined fin temperatures and heat transfer coefficients for heating elements of different sizes producing different area aspect ratios. Furthermore, the surface-to-volume ratio in traditional fin heat sinks is high, which generates relatively complex fin shapes.