## 3 Results
### Basic Characteristics of the Included Studies  
Table 1 summarizes the basic characteristics of the twenty-five studies included in the review. Among them, twenty-one were RCTs [6; 7; 8; 9; 13; 14; 15; 51; 52; 53; 54; 55; 56; 57; 58; 59; 60; 61], and the remaining four were non-randomized field experiments [10; 16; 23; 24]. Sample sizes were generally small, ranging from 14 to 91, with a mean of 28. Twelve studies exclusively examined adolescent athletes within the age range of 14 to 17 years, while another set of thirteen studies focused on young adults aged 18 to 25 years. Twenty-two studies recruited males, while three recruited females [6; 53; 62]. Eight studies recruited elite players, with five focusing on soccer, two on futusal [10; 23], and one on basketball [54], while the remaining  
Figure 1: Flow diagram.  
seventeen recruited amateur players, including nine studies on soccer, three on basketball [6; 9; 24], and three on handball [8; 53; 62], along with one each on baseball [13], and one on hockey [15]. Regarding the CNT interventions, eleven studies adopted a combination of strength and glymetric training, nine studies incorporated strength, glymetric, and sprint training [51; 63], and the remaining few focused on strength training paired with other forms of explosive exercises, such as sprint [10; 58], optimal load training [54], and Olympic lifting-style exercises [22]. Additionally, one study used CNT combined with core training [23]. The intensity of lower-body strength training ranged from 50% to 100% one-repetition maximum (1 RM), with several studies not reporting the specific intensity [23; 62] and one study using bodyweight as the load intensity [57]. Intervention duration ranged from four to twelve weeks, with a weekly frequency of one to three sessions. Regarding the COD performance measures, the main measures utilized included the T-Test, the 505 Test, the Illinois test, the Arrowhead test, the Sshuttle run, and agility with the ball tests.  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{p{42.7 pt} p{42.7 pt} p{42.7 pt} p{42.7 pt} p{42.7 pt} p{42.7 pt} p{42.7 pt} p{42.7 pt}} \hline \hline
**Study ID** & **Group** & \(N\) & **Age** & **Gender** & **Sport/Level** & **CNT Interventions** & **COD Measures** \\ \hline [PERSON], 2024 [23] & CNT CON & 14 14 & 17 & M & Futsal/E & ST + PT + CST; 1 session; 8 week & V-Cut test \\ \hline [PERSON], 2024 [6] & CNT ST & 16 16 & 20 & F & Basketball/A & ST + PT; 70–100\% IRM; 2–3 sessions; 8 weeks & 505 Test; Illinois test \\ \hline [PERSON], 2024 [60] & CNT1 & 6 7 & 15 & M & Soccer/A & ST + Sprint + PT; 80–90\% IRM; 2/3 sessions; 6 weeks & 505 Test \\ \hline [PERSON], 2023 (A) [61] & CNT CON & 8 & 20 & M & Soccer/A & ST + PT; 65–85\% IRM; 2 sessions; 6 weeks & Modified T-Test \\ \hline [PERSON], 2023 (B) [15] & CNT CON & 8 & 21 & M & Hockey/A & ST + PT; 65–85\% IRM; 3 sessions; 6 weeks & Modified T-Test \\ \hline [PERSON], 2023 [9] & CNT AT & 13 & 24 & M & Basketball/A & ST + PT; 80–85\% IRM; 2 sessions; 8 weeks & Shuttle Test \\ \hline [PERSON], 2023 [10] & CNT DT & 9 & 20 & M & Futsal/E & ST + Sprint; 60\% IRM; 2 sessions; 8 weeks & Illinois test \\ \hline [PERSON], 2022 [62] & CNT CON & 19 19 & 16 & F & Handball/A & ST + PT; 2 sessions; 10 weeks & Modified Illinois test \\ \hline [PERSON], 2022 [63] & CNT DT & 13 & 23 & M & Soccer/A & ST + Sprint + PT; 70–85\% IRM; 3 sessions; 8 weeks & T-Test \\ \hline [PERSON], 2021 [22] & CNT AT & 9 & 17 & M & Soccer/E & ST + PT/OLS; 85\% IRM; 2 sessions; 10 weeks & Arrowhead test \\ \hline Hammami, 2019 [51] & CNT PT & 14 14 & 16 & M & Soccer/A & ST + PT + Sprint; 70–90\% IRM; 2 sessions; 8 weeks & \\ \hline Ali, 2019 [52] & CNT DT & 12 12 & 22 & M & Soccer/A & ST + PT; 80\% IRM; 3 sessions; 6 weeks & T-Test \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}
Table 1: Basic characteristics of subjects, CNT interventions, and COD measures of the included studies.