# Peak Energy Reduction in Flow Shop including Switch-Off Policies and Battery Storage
## 2 Literature Review  
In recent years, in literature, there is a lack of studies about the energy efficiency in manufacturing systems using switch-off policies and battery energy storage. For an extensive review, [PERSON] and [PERSON] [9] proposed a survey on the energy efficiency approaches in manufacturing systems. The development of lithium-ion batteries reduces the recharge time and the costs; these batteries allow the introduction of economical storage systems. The battery storage system in manufacturing systems is mainly considered to improve the use of renewable energy that is characterized by fluctuations [10,11]. [PERSON] et al. [12] studied the use of an accumulation system to improve the use of a photovoltaic plant in the context of cutting operations. A model is proposed to adapt the power of the machine by varying the cutting speed to the power supplied by the photovoltaic system. The energy storage system allows increasing the use of renewable energy reducing the CO\({}_{2}\) emission. The costs due to the peak power are studied using the buffer [13] or developing scheduling approaches [14, 15, 16]. [PERSON] et al. [17] proposed the shutdown of the machine during the peak power period. [PERSON] and [PERSON] [18] proposed a switch-off policy for a single machine based on the time threshold to reduce the number of warm-ups during the switch-on of the machines. The policy works shutting down the machine an interval since the last departure. The authors extend this work in [19] including more parameters. [PERSON] et al. [20] studied the introduction of switch-off policies in the production line to reduce energy consumption. Three policies have been proposed considering the information of the buffers upstream, downstream, and simultaneously upstream and downstream. These policies make it possible to reduce the energy consumed by machines in a state of inactivity. Bernoulli serial production line with the switch-off policies based on the buffers was proposed by [PERSON] et al. [21,22]. [PERSON] et al. [23] proposed a fuzzy controller with Petri net to control the switch off/on of the machines reducing the throughput loss. Expert systems based on fuzzy rules were proposed to obtain a better tradeoff between the production rate and the energy-saving target [24, 25, 26, 27]. [PERSON] et al. [28] proposed an online algorithm consisting of a learning phase to estimate a set of parameters and an optimization phase to find the optimal parameters of the switch-off policy. [PERSON] [29] proposed a dynamic switch-off policy in a pull-controlled production line that uses the downstream buffer level and customer satisfaction. The buffer utilization and the evaluation of other stochastic factors are considered to support the decision on the shutdown machines [30]. [PERSON] and [PERSON] [31] proposed switch-off policies in the job-shop system using the information of direct and indirect workload. A study considered the switch-off policy, and the energy storage system was proposed in [PERSON] et al. [32]. In this work, the characteristics of the battery were not studied, and the switch-off policy is simplified compared to the policies proposed in the literature. From the analysis of the literature, several works have studied the energy storage system to improve the use of variable renewable energy and in recent years have focused on the introduction of the switch-off to reduce energy consumption in production systems. Few studies consider the impact of battery characteristics to reduce energy beyond the peak power constraint in production systems and, to the authors' knowledge, no study has analyzed the integration of energy storage systems with the shutdown.