## 1 Introduction  
To meet the quality-of-service requirements for different types of space missions, the Consultative Committee for Space Data Systems (CCSDS) has proposed the concept of Advanced Orbiting Systems [1] and established a set of related protocol frameworks [2]. AOS divides data streams into virtual channels (VCs), allowing data with different service requirements from various space-based services to be transmitted over each virtual channel and then aggregated into a single data stream for transmission over a physical channel. Traditional AOS employs a two-level multiplexing technique consisting of frame multiplexing and virtual channel multiplexing. The design of the multiplexing algorithm directly impacts the key performance indicators of AOS channels, such as latency, residual frame quantity, and channel transmission efficiency [3; 4]. As space missions become increasingly complex and diverse, the architecture of in-orbit satellites is shifting from the traditional single-satellite independent and centralized mode to a multi-satellite networked, collaborative, and distributed mode [5]. In 2020, with the deployment of the low-Earth-orbit satellite constellation Starlink by SpaceX and the commencement of public beta services for satellite network [6], it marked the official entry of satellite broadband networks into the service application phase. In-orbit satellite networking has gained significant attention within the industry, and satellite internet technology based on the integrated space-ground network has become a research hotspot and a key development direction in the commercial satellite sector [7]. The explosive growth of space network services [8] presents new challenges for space link AOS multiplexing and scheduling. Due to the significant differences in characteristics between network traffic and traditional traffic, network traffic exhibits considerable randomness, volatility, and diversity. Additionally, the increase in network bandwidth [9] has raised higher demands for the multiplexing efficiency of space links. Therefore, when AOS carries data from the new type of space network traffic, it is impossible for traditional AOS multiplexing algorithms to achieve optimal multiplexing performance. Traditional frame generation algorithms include isochronous frame generation algorithms [10], high-efficiency frame generation algorithms [11], and adaptive frame generation algorithms [12]. The isochronous frame generation algorithm ensures that data frames have strict periodicity and fixed delays but greatly reduces multiplexing efficiency. The high-efficiency frame generation algorithm waits for data to fill a frame before sending them to the channel for transmission, with a frame multiplexing efficiency of 1, but may cause significant delays due to insufficient data arrival over a long period, which may lead to packet loss in delay-sensitive links. The adaptive frame generation algorithm balances frame multiplexing efficiency and transmission delay by setting a waiting time threshold but lacks the ability to automatically adjust under complex traffic conditions, limiting its actual effectiveness. In [13], a method for AOS isochronous frame generation based on self-similar traffic was proposed, using an ON/OFF source arrival model and Pareto distribution for theoretical analysis to derive calculable formulas for average packet delay and multiplexing efficiency, which helps to improve AOS multiplexing performance. However, it mainly targets specific types of self-similar traffic and lacks research in diverse network environments and mixed transmission of different types of traffic. Traditional virtual channel multiplexing algorithms include first-come-first-served scheduling algorithms [14], time-slice polling scheduling algorithms [15], and dynamic priority scheduling algorithms [16; 17]. First, traditional multiplexing algorithms use the same multiplexing strategy for traffic of different characteristics, making it difficult to meet the quality-of-service requirements of different types of traffic.