# Development of a New Rubber Buckling-Restrained Brace System for Structures
## 1 Introduction
Lateral bracing systems, such as Buckling-Restrained Braces (BRBs), provide several key benefits in seismic regions: \(\bigcirc\) Enhanced Energy Dissipation: these systems effectively absorb and dissipate seismic energy, reducing the overall impact on the structure. \(\bigcirc\) Improved Stability: bracing systems help maintain the structural integrity of buildings during lateral seismic forces, preventing excessive deformation or collapse. \(\bigcirc\) Minimized Residual Displacements: systems like BRBs ensure minimal residual displacements, allowing for quicker recovery post-event and reducing the need for extensive repairs. 2. Limitations. Despite their advantages, lateral bracing systems also have certain limitations:Space and Aesthetic Impact: bracing systems, especially traditional ones, can require significant space, which may be a challenge in buildings with limited room for structural elements. Cost: the installation of advanced bracing systems, such as BRBs or other modern dampers, can increase construction costs. Maintenance: components like rubber in RBRBs or the steel core in BRBs may require periodic inspection and maintenance to ensure long-term performance. Contribution to Safety. According to studies, lateral bracing systems significantly enhance the seismic resilience of buildings. For example, research by [PERSON] et al. (2007) found that BRBs can reduce inter-story drift by up to 70% compared to traditional bracing systems, enhancing the building's overall safety during seismic events. Additionally, it is revealed that implementing bracing systems can increase building resilience by reducing base shear forces by up to 50%. These improvements are critical in high seismic hazard areas, where building safety is paramount ([PERSON], and [PERSON] (2008). [PERSON], [PERSON], and [PERSON] (2008) investigated the effect of design loads in BRBFs' performance. In their study, different variables such as resistance, ductility, and the effect of design loads on BRBFs were assessed. For this purpose, various buildings in a range of stories and BRB configurations were evaluated ([PERSON], and [PERSON], 2008). Nonlinear incremental dynamic, static pushover, and linear dynamic analyses have been conducted using FEA OpenSees software (version 3.7.0). The effects of some factors such as structure height and bracing on response have been investigated and the responses for correction variables for all bracing systems were independently calculated in their study ([PERSON] et al., 2008). [PERSON] et al. (2012) modeled the cyclical behavior of a BRB bracing system to check the ductility and connection resistance based on FEMA-450 ([PERSON], 2008). Furthermore, [PERSON], [PERSON], and [PERSON] (2009) tested the effect of special types of eccentric braces to improve the seismic performance of an existing RC building ([PERSON], 2008). [PERSON] et al. (2004) conducted a two-phase experimental test to show that un-bonded BRB had a proper performance under the implementing loads based on OSHPD and SAC. It was concluded that BRB is a better option in comparison to conventional bracing systems to improve the performance of building (both new and existing) and its performance completely satisfied the drift limitation ([PERSON], 2008). [PERSON] and [PERSON] (2003) conducted a study to investigate the potential benefit of using Buckling-Restrained Braces in a dual system to decrease permanent deformations to reduce residual story drifts. This study suggested that one choice could be designing the BRBs as a dual system; the addition of special moment-resisting frames (SMRFs), which show large deformability in the elastic range, can serve as a restoring force mechanism to partially re-center the building after a significant seismic event ([PERSON], 2008). Through the presentation of several derivations and definitions, including an expression for equivalent damping of the system, the authors reported an expression for optimizing the yield stress of the BRB.