## 4 FHB Management
### Biocontrol  
Another appealing strategy is to incorporate the microbiome approaches in contemporary global breeding programs [134]. Currently, the importance plant pathogens and the plant microbiome interactions have been increasingly recognised with an emphasis on pathogenic and mycotoxicigenic _Fusarium_ species [24]. From a microbiome perspective, there is an increasing interest in using biological control against plant pathogens. Biocontrol broadly refers to the use of living organisms to curtail the growth and proliferation of other undesirable ones [66; 135]. These organisms, particularly microorganisms, reduce the survival or activity of a pathogen through suppression, inhibition, control or reduction of the pathogen and its metabolites and are aptly called biocontrol agents (BCA) [48; 66; 136]. [PERSON] [137] reported that the mechanism of biological control includes different types of interaction between fungal BCAs and their fungal hosts. According to [PERSON], these interactions include direct interaction which can be either mycoparasitism or hyperparasitism; mixed path interaction, which includes antibiotic secretion, lytic enzymes, and indirect interaction, which includes competition for nutrient or space and induction of host resistance [66, 138]. These different interactions offer varying levels of protection, and it has been surmised that the most efficient BCA will employ a combination of these different interactions for pathogen control at any given time [66]. In addition to their protective effective against plant pathogens, BCAs are considered a more natural and environmentally acceptable alternative to current chemical fungicides. Numerous studies have shown that BCAs control FHB development and mycotoxins, in both preharvest and postharvest agriculture systems, and sometimes with plant growth promoting (PGP) abilities to wheat crops [139, 140, 141, 48]. BCAs have also been able to protect seeds from pathogens by forming a coat around the seed [142, 143]. Overall, BCAs are able to offer a holistic and semi-flexible treatment approach that provides greater coverage against FHB and Fusarium mycotoxins throughout the life cycle of a plant, from the seed stage to end use products. This broad protective coverage cannot be achieved with the most effective fungicide due to legal limitation concerning application times and samples [144]. Over the years different BCAs including bacterial BCAs such _as Bacillus_ sp. _Pseudomonas_ sp., _Actinobacter_ sp. as well as fungal BCAs such as _Trichoderma_ spp., _Clonostachys rosea_ and _Sphaerodes myoparasstica_ have been studied [145, 146, 147, 148, 149, 150, 151]. These studies have revealed tremendous potential of BCAs in reducing the effects of FHB. However, there is a shortage of commercial BCA products that can be used along with current FHB management strategies. Among BCAs explored in the last two decades, _Trichoderma_ spp. and _Glocadium roseum_ have been the most extensively studied for application in FHB treatment worldwide. _Trichoderma_ spp. (telomorph _Hypocrea_) are rapidly growing saprophyytes isolated for the first time in 1794 from soil. According to [PERSON] et al. (2020), >60% broadspectrum biofungicides are obtained mainly based on _T. harzianum_ and _T. viride_ isolated from pathogen-contaminated soils [152, 153, 154, 155, 156, 157, 158]. These species have been shown to promote plant growth and induce systemic and local resistance in plants as well as to reduce DON production in different _Fusarium_ species [159]. However, it is worth mentioning that numerous studies and field applications have also shown various _Trichoderma_ spp. as producers of mycotoxins having undesirable effects to plants, animals, and humans [160, 138, 161]. _Glicoladium_, teleomorph _Clonostachys_, is another common soil-born saprophyic myoparasite isolated and described in the years 1840-1939. In last decades, _C.