## 3 Methodology
### Framework for SMS and SMIS  
The framework of the SMS consists of three chains, i.e., smart characteristics (C), system hierarchy (H), and product life cycle (P), as illustrated in the top section of Figure 2. The \"Product Life Cycle\" chain encompasses all activities involved in the product's journey, from its initial design to its eventual disposal. The \"System Hierarchy\" chain pertains to the categorization of production resources and activities, ranging from individual equipment to collaborative operations. The \"Smart Characteristics\" chain consists of resource components, interconnection and compatibility, unified sharing, enterprise integration, and the emerging factory, reflecting the smart function. The integration of any two chains of the SMS generates the corresponding SMIS plane: the H-C plane is generated by the combination of \"H\" and \"C\" chains, similarly the C-P plane is formed by the integration of \"C\" and \"P\" chains, and the H-P plane is generated by the addition of \"H\" and \"P\" chains. Every plane has its layers. The H-C plane contains the smart resource factory, smart-interconnected factory, integrated data-platform factory, and integrated information factory. The C-P plane consists of the new product development factory and the H-P plane entails the newly personalized customization factory, as shown in the bottom section of Figure 2. The description of each terminology in the SMIS is as follows:  
Figure 2: Framework for the SMS and SMIS. The smart resource factory utilizes advanced automation technologies to maximize resource efficiency and refine production processes. By automating multiple aspects of manufacturing, the factory can substantially improve effectiveness, diminish human mistakes, and reduce waste. In essence, a smart resource factory fosters heightened productivity, a competitive edge, and eco-friendliness in the manufacturing sector by optimizing resource allocation and capitalizing on the advantages of automation. The smart-interconnected factory leverages advanced networking technologies to create seamless communication and data sharing among machines, systems, and stakeholders throughout the production process. This interconnected network fosters real-time monitoring and control, enabling optimized manufacturing processes, improved decision-making, and increased efficiency. In essence, the smart-interconnected factory enhances productivity, flexibility, and competitiveness in the manufacturing industry by creating a highly connected and data-driven environment. The utilization of an integrated data-platform factory facilitates the acquisition of real-time insights, thereby enhancing the quality of decision-making, optimizing production processes, and augmenting overall efficiency throughout the factory. The platform-based data-sharing factory facilitates collaboration and transparency among stakeholders, enabling them to conveniently access, analyze, and exploit data, thereby promoting ongoing enhancement and novelty. The integrated information factory is a system that aims to establish a seamless connection between diverse information systems utilized in the production process, resulting in a unified and coherent data landscape. The implementation of an integrated information factory fosters collaboration and transparency in processes, resulting in ongoing enhancements, heightened flexibility, and improved resource alignment. A state-of-the-art manufacturing facility that employs advanced technologies and data-driven processes is commonly known as a new product development factory. This particular facility endeavors to optimize the potential of a given product throughout its complete life span. The implementation of advanced technologies in this factory, such as IoT, artificial intelligence (AI), and automation, facilitates efficient resource management, optimized production procedures, and enhanced decision-making capabilities throughout the entire product lifecycle, from design to disposal.