# Self-Care IoT Platform for Diabetic Mellitus
###### Abstract  
Diabetes mellitus is a severe chronic disease, and the number of patients has increased. To manage blood glucose levels, patients should frequently measure their blood glucose and analyze which lifestyle habits affect blood glucose levels. However, it is hard to record and analyze the relationship between their blood glucose levels and lifestyle. The internet of things (IoT) is useful to interconnect, monitor, obtain, and process data between various devices used in everyday life to fulfill a common objective. This paper proposes an intelligent self-care platform using IoT technology that helps patients with chronic diabetes manage their blood glucose levels in their target range. In particular, we developed various devices called the self-care IoT pack. It consists of five different types of devices to obtain blood glucose levels, physical activities, food intake, medication, sleeping, and so on. They can collect blood glucose levels with lifestyles that automatically impact the patient's blood glucose level. We also devised a self-care application to display and analyze the data obtained from the IoT pack. Consequently, the proposed self-care IoT platform collects the blood glucose levels and the lifestyles without any burden of record. By reviewing the accumulated information, the patients can find bad habits in blood glucose management and improve their lifestyle. i 202  
Self-monitoring blood glucose (SMBG) is an excellent complement to overcome the drawback of the HbA1c test. This result can be used to optimize the treatment regimen by collecting immediate and discrete information about BG levels at many time points. SMBG also enables the maintenance of a more constant glucose level by more precise regimens. It can be used to aid in the adjustment of a therapeutic regimen in response to BG values and to help individuals adjust their dietary intake, physical activity, and insulin doses to improve glycemic control on a day-to-day basis [9]. Specifically, there are three significant benefits of self-care based on SMBG. First, it helps to determine which foods or diets are the best for glucose level control. Second, it can inform the patient and doctor of how well the medication regime is working. Third, it reduces the stress of the patient. Owing to these advantages of SMBG, it has long been considered a mainstream component of diabetes self-care. Therefore, SMBG becomes an essential instrument that empowers patients with diabetes to maintain glycemic control [10; 11; 12]. In addition to SMBG, the widespread use of glycosylated hemoglobin as an indicator of metabolic control has contributed to the self-management in diabetes [13; 14]. Despite the development of SMBG, some research has shown that the beneficial aspects of SMBG have not been fully established for patients because the conventional SMBG measures only BG level [15; 16; 17; 18; 19]. In particular, a Cochrane review pointed out that SMBG led to a reduction of HbA1c after six months, but these improvements were not sustained for 12 months. The review also noted that no progress in patient satisfaction or general health-related quality of life were made resulting from SMBG [20]. One qualitative study concluded that patients did not act on self-monitoring results due to the lack of appropriate education [21]. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a platform that can record BG levels with correlated recorded lifestyles. It will help the patients to know how diet, exercise, and medication affect their BG level. There are many studies on self-management mobile applications. [PERSON] presented a diabetes self-management mobile application based on the information-motivation-behavioral skills (IMB) model, evidence extracted from clinical practice guidelines, and requirements identified through focus group interviews with diabetes patients [22]. Medical staff monitor patients' lifestyles for a long period and provide accurate blood glucose management training to patients.