## 4 Results of The Analysis  
### Basic Survey  
Before the main research to analyze the spatial configuration, a basic survey was conducted to identify the overall status of traditional markets in Cheongju--their general and common features and the unique distinctiveness of Yukgeori Market among them. The status of the markets is shown in Table 2.  
Compared to other 14 traditional markets with fewer than 150 stores, Yukgeori Market is composed of 1202 stores in the largest land area (45,433 m\({}^{2}\)) among the markets in the city. [PERSON] (2019) illustrated that different retail types in terms of the spatial structure may create synergies for vibrant urban public life or, conversely, weaken public life due to strong private control ([PERSON], 2019). Among the traditional markets in Cheongju, retail types that accommodated many stores in a single building were investigated only in two markets; in all other markets, the facades of most shops face the open streets. Additionally, street vendors or store owners operate temporary street stalls in nine markets. It was observed that the street stalls were placed along open streets and sidewalks of the market boundary. In the case of Yukgeori Market, the street-facing stores and street stalls in the market can be considered to be retail types that increase the publicity attracting customers (Figure 2). \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Market Name** & **Number of Stores** & **Land Area (m\({}^{2}\))** & **Market Size** & **Store Placement Type** \\ \hline Gageyeong Terminal & 85 & 8389 & Small & Street-facing and street vendor \\ Naedeok-jayon & 52 & 9395 & Small & Street-facing \\ Naesu & 76 & 6912 & Small & Street-facing and street vendor \\ Dukeekoi & 59 & 6816 & Small & Street-facing and street vendor \\ Bokdae & 55 & 7843 & Small & Street-facing and street vendor \\ Bokdae-gayeong & 77 & 8000 & Small & Street-facing and street vendor \\ Bukbu & 133 & 10,296 & Medium & Street-facing and street vendor \\ Sajik & 71 & 10,735 & Small & \\ Seomun & 73 & 15,269 & Small & Street-facing \\ [PERSON] & 71 & 35,784 & Small & Street-facing \\ [PERSON] & 103 & 7968 & Medium & Street-facing \\ [PERSON] & 1202 & 45,433 & Large & Street-facing and street vendor \\ [PERSON] & 62 & 4380 & Small & Street-facing and accommodation \\  & & & & in a building \\ [PERSON] & 60 & 5640 & Small & Street-facing \\ [PERSON] & 103 & 5109 & Medium & Street-facing and street vendor \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular} Source: Chungcheongbuk-do (2019) ([PERSON], 2019).  
\end{table} 
Table 2: The overall status of traditional markets in Cheongju. Figure 2: A view of Yukgeori Market. During the rapid decline of traditional markets during the 1990s, nine merchant associations--one for each type of product in the Yukgeori Market, as seen in Table 3--were incorporated into a single merchant association, which then asked the central and local governments to support the market's revitalization in 1999. In the 2000s, having gained policy support, the association expanded the amenities for customers and merchants in the market, issued Korea's first traditional market gift certificates and conducted various other activities [38]. As of 2018, there are 1200 stores and 3278 employees in this market, which has a total area of about 90,000 square meters. The stores in the market sell primarily processed foods, houseware, and agricultural, aquatic and livestock foods. Most traditional markets in Cheongju were found to be street-facing, in a characteristic arrangement of being placed alongside the street so that the storefronts are adjacent to the street as the market pathway. In only two cases, several stores are inside one building. The single building type also illustrates the characteristic arrangement with stores placed alongside the pathways in the building, which is similar to the street-facing type. Customer movements in traditional markets are shaped by the arrangement of the stores. In Yukgeori Market, a plurality of customer movement axes intersects to form an intertwined street network.