# Predicting Pedestrian Crashes in Texas' Intersections and Midblock Segments
## 5 Results and Discussion
It has rates falling off dramatically as walk levels rise, presumably due to drivers expecting more pedestrians in high-WMT zones and safer pedestrian environments that encourage walking [24]. The signalized intersection indicator in the intersection model is found to be among the most significant variables in the model. The sensitivity analysis indicates that the number of pedestrian crashes is doubled with signalized intersections when compared with unsignalized intersections, with everything else remaining constant. Although signals are relatively safer than other control types for high pedestrian activity areas, higher usage increases the risk of accidents, as found in previous research [7; 9]. Similarly, the number of approaches (intersections) and the number of intersections crossed by the roadway segment show a positive, significant effect on the rate of pedestrian crashes. Specifically, one standard deviation of the number of approaches (0.67) leads to an increase of 31% in pedestrian crashes, while the standard deviation of 2.8 intersections crossed increases the crash rate by 29%. Intersection-level studies also found that the number of approaches \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c} \hline \hline  & \multicolumn{3}{c}{**Intersections**} & \multicolumn{3}{c}{**Midblock Segments**} \\ \cline{2-7}  & **Coeff.** & **Std. Error** & **\(p\)-Value** & **Coeff.** & **Std. Error** & **\(p\)-Value** \\ \hline (Intercept) & 0.360 & 0.061 & 0.000 & \(-\)5.098 & 0.473 & 0.000 \\ Walking density (log WMT/sq mi) & 1.671 & 0.103 & 0.000 & 0.068 & 0.043 & 0.114 \\ Signalized intersection (ind.) & 0.123 & 0.067 & 0.067 & & & \\ Number of approaches & & & & 0.001 & 0.012 & 0.904 \\ Intersections crossed & & & & & \\ \hline DVMT (log) (major) & 0.166 & 0.028 & 0.000 & 0.245 & 0.024 & 0.000 \\ Speed limit (mph) (major) & \(-\)0.007 & 0.006 & 0.248 & \(-\)0.036 & 0.004 & 0.000 \\ Number of lanes (major) & 0.375 & 0.046 & 0.000 & 0.411 & 0.033 & 0.000 \\ Lane width (ft) (major) & 0.030 & 0.011 & 0.009 & 0.081 & 0.010 & 0.000 \\ Median width (ft) (major) & 0.001 & 0.002 & 0.726 & \(-\)0.017 & 0.004 & 0.000 \\ One-way road (ind.) (major) & 0.159 & 0.175 & 0.735 & \(-\)1.437 & 0.160 & 0.000 \\ \hline DVMT (log) (minor) & 0.145 & 0.029 & 0.000 & & & \\ Speed limit (mph) (minor) & \(-\)0.012 & 0.009 & 0.177 & & & \\ Number of lanes (minor) & 0.057 & 0.063 & 0.359 & & & \\ Lane width (ft) (minor) & 0.036 & 0.013 & 0.006 & & & \\ Median width (ft) (minor) & \(-\)0.049 & 0.020 & 0.013 & & & \\ One-way road (ind.) (minor) & \(-\)0.458 & 0.182 & 0.012 & & & \\ \hline AADT per lane (major) & \(4.45\times 10^{-5}\) & \(1.17\times 10^{-5}\) & 0.000 & \(2.02\times 10^{-5}\) & \(9.70\times 10^{-6}\) & 0.038 \\ Truck percentage (major) & \(-\)0.019 & 0.037 & 0.610 & \(-\)0.049 & 0.029 & 0.084 \\ Arterial (ind.) (major) & 0.229 & 0.141 & 0.105 & \(-\)0.167 & 0.085 & 0.049 \\ On system roadway (ind.) & \(-\)0.231 & 0.131 & 0.077 & \(-\)0.010 & 0.108 & 0.923 \\ \hline Distance to nearest hospital (mi) & 0.089 & 0.046 & 0.050 & 0.035 & 0.031 & 0.252 \\ Transit stops (ind.) & 0.378 & 0.116 & 0.001 & 0.647 & 0.091 & 0.000 \\ Number of stops & 0.028 & 0.016 & 0.070 & 0.013 & 0.012 & 0.275 \\ Population density (sq mi) & \(2.11\times 10^{-5}\) & \(7.41\times 10^{-6}\) & 0.005 & \(5.30\times 10^{-5}\) & \(6.30\times 10^{-6}\) & 0.000 \\ Employment density (sq mi) & \(-\)1.59 \(\times 10^{-6}\) & \(1.61\times 10^{-6}\) & 0.324 & \(3.33\times 10^{-5}\) & \(6.82\times 10^{-6}\) & 0.000 \\ Median income (USD 10k) & \(-\)0.099 & 0.015 & 0.000 & \(-\)0.119 & 0.011 & 0.000 \\ CBD (ind.) & 0.738 & 0.182 & 0.000 & 1.453 & 0.157 & 0.000 \\ \hline
**No. of observations** & **19,194** & & & **41,107** & & \\
**Dispersion Parameter (\(p\)):** & 0.821 & & & 0.430 & & \\
**McFadden’s R2:** & 0.616 & & & 0.370 & & \\
**2 \(\times\) log-likelihood** & \(-\)5618 & & & \(-\)10,567 & & \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular} Note: DVMT = daily vehicles miles traveled, WMT = walk miles traveled, AADT = annual average daily traffic.  
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