# Ultra-Wideband Compact Fractal Antenna for WiMAX, WLAN, C and X Band Applications
## 1 Introduction
By using three different types of slots, [28] shows a small switchable hexagonal-shaped monopole antenna for multiband and UWB operation with the dimensions 36 \(\times\) 36 \(\times\) 1.6 mm\({}^{3}\). The reconfigurable antenna is employed by the researchers of [29; 30; 31], and these structures provide multifrequency operations with good performances. A hexagonal-ring fractal antenna was created by the authors of [32] to operate in four distinct frequency bands, with resonant frequencies of 1.7, 2.4, 3.1, 4.5, and 6 GHz. The antenna displays favorable radiation properties and reasonable gain, indicating that it is a viable option for wireless applications. The article in [33] analyzes a new compact and low-cost antenna designed for specific microwave applications, such as WLAN 802.11 a/b/g and WiMAX applications, using a modified ground structure to enhance its multiband performance. [PERSON] and others introduced in [34] a novel design for a dual-layer, dual-band patch antenna with linear polarization that utilizes E-shaped and U-slot patches to achieve dual-band performance. Specifically, the antenna was designed to operate within the WLAN (2.40-2.48 GHz) and WiMax (3.40-3.61 GHz) frequency bands. There are several methods for enhancing antenna performance and increasing bandwidth, including implementing aperture coupled feeding or other feeding techniquesto improve impedance matching and increase bandwidth [35], incorporating frequency-selective surfaces (FSS) or electromagnetic-bandgap (EBG) structures can suppress surface waves and increase antenna bandwidth [36], employing multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) technology, which uses multiple antennas to increase the system's capacity and enhance performance [37], and adding parasitic elements, such as directors or reflectors, to the antenna structure to increase gain and bandwidth [38]. These methods can be used alone or in combination to achieve the desired performance and bandwidth characteristics for a given application. This research exhibits the design and fabrication of a fractal antenna with a broadband characteristic by combining fractal slots and a partial ground plane. FR-4 is used as a support for the proposed antenna due to its high electrical insulation properties that prevent the flow of electric current between different parts of the antenna. Moreover, FR-4 is a cost-effective and readily available substrate, which makes it a popular choice for antenna fabrication. With an overall size of 40 \(\times\) 34 \(\times\) 1.6 mm\({}^{3}\), the proposed antenna is a novel solution for various applications due to its unique design and capabilities. The antenna achieves dual-band frequencies from 2.30 to 4.10 GHz and from 6.10 GHz to 10.0 GHz, offering wideband capability that provides greater flexibility and versatility. Additionally, the antenna's compact size results in improved efficiency and reduced costs, making it a potential solution for portable devices when space is limited. In wireless communications, the antenna's dual-band frequencies make it suitable for WiMAX and WLAN applications, allowing faster data transfer rates and wider coverage areas. For military communication systems, the antenna's wideband capability and compact size make it a reliable and flexible solution across different frequencies and platforms. The antenna's dual-band frequencies and wideband capability also make it a potential option for reliable and efficient communication in radar systems across different frequencies and ranges. Overall, the proposed antenna represents a significant advancement in antenna design, offering unique benefits and potential applications. The planned antenna radiates bidirectionally in the E- and H-planes with a high gain that reaches 9 dB and excellent efficiency of up to 92%. Section 2 describes the antenna's geometry and the process of the design's evolution. A parametric study of the suggested antenna is presented in Section 3. In Section 4, an explanation of the simulation and experiment results is developed in detail.