# Earthquake Detection Using Stacked Normalized Recurrent Neural Network (SNRNN)
## 4 Turkish Seismic Earthquake Dataset  
In this study, we applied our methods to a seismic dataset gathered from Turkey. Turkey is well recognized for its active seismicity in a seismically active region. Regarding the number of people killed by earthquakes, Turkey is rated third in the globe, while in terms of the number of people affected, it is placed ninth. On average, it has at least one earthquake with a magnitude of 5 to 6 every year. Therefore, it is vital to analyze the earthquake data in this region and design an EEWS to detect an incoming earthquake accurately. The dataset was collected from the Disaster and Emergency Management Authority (AFAD) ([[https://deprem.afad.gov.tr/depremkatalogu?lang=en](https://deprem.afad.gov.tr/depremkatalogu?lang=en)]([https://deprem.afad.gov.tr/depremkatalogu?lang=en](https://deprem.afad.gov.tr/depremkatalogu?lang=en)), accessed on 10 August 2022) catalog with the geographic parameters of latitude [35.67\({}^{\circ}\) to 42.38\({}^{\circ}\)] and longitude [25.85\({}^{\circ}\) to 45.14\({}^{\circ}\)]. The dataset consists of 6574 seismic events from 2000 to 2018 (18 years). The events were collected from different locations and stations in Turkey.  
There are several features in the USGS dataset. We selected some of the most important and connected features and removed the others. The location information of all the events in the dataset is given in Figure 4. The locations of the high-magnitude (i.e., >7) seismic events are indicated on the map by red dots. The locations of the low-magnitude (i.e., <3) events are represented by white spots on the map. Green- and aqua-colored dots dominate the data, with a magnitude range of 4 to 6. Turkey's border regions are the most likely to experience earthquakes due to their proximity to the fault lines. Figure 5a shows a histogram showing the magnitude distribution in the dataset. The magnitude value ranges from 4.0 to 7.9, and the mean magnitude is 4.46. The dataset is dominated by events of magnitudes between 4.0 and 5.0. Figure 5b shows a histogram of the depth distribution of earthquake events. The depth ranges from 0.0 to 212 km, and the mean depth is 25 km. The majority of the events have a depth of less than 15 km.  
In summary, Table 2 provides important statistical information on the seismic dataset related to earthquake events in Turkey. This information can improve our understanding of the region's seismic activity and help us to develop more effective earthquake awareness and response strategies.  
Figure 4: Dataset seismological event locations. High-magnitude events are red, while low-magnitude events are aqua-colored.  
Figure 5: (**a**) Magnitude distribution of events; (**b**) depth distribution of events. (**a**) shows a histogram of magnitude distribution. (**b**) shows a histogram of the depth distribution of earthquake events.  
Figure 6 presents a risk map of the earthquake catalog of the Turkey region used in this study. A risk map is essential for predicting and mitigating the impacts of seismic events in the region. The map is constructed of peak accelerations, which are measures of the maximum shaking expected at a given location during an earthquake. The peak accelerations were calculated based on the characteristics of the earthquake catalog data, such as the magnitude, location, and depth of each earthquake event. By analyzing the earthquake catalog data and constructing the risk map, we can better understand the potential impact of future earthquakes in the region and help inform earthquake mitigation strategies. The risk map visually represents the distribution of seismic events in different regions of Turkey, with areas of higher hazard indicated in red and orange colors and areas of lower hazard in green and yellow.