## 3 Problem Identification and Motivation  
Currently, diverse m-learning approaches have been concentrated on the progression of various courses. The mobile learning system is becoming more prevalent due to the presence of the Internet everywhere. Therefore, it is an excellent chance and large opportunity for various organizations, such as educational institutions, various universities and cloud service operators, to provide several assessment services and mobile learning. In various cases, the privacy and security during data sharing are considered as the most significant issue, and it needs to be solved. On the other hand, the mobile learning system \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Literature** & **Studies/Framework** & **Objective** & **Merits** & **Demerits** \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{[PERSON] et al. [12]} & Dynamic Mobile & \multirow{3}{*}{Providing appropriate learning for every student} & Positive, perception and encouraging feedback & Failed to collect the feedbacks \\  & (D-MALCOF) & & & \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{[PERSON] et al. [13]} & Context Aware Mobile & \multirow{3}{*}{Evaluating usability assessment} & Enhanced acceptance, applicability and satisfaction & Poor augmented reality and collaborative works \\ \cline{3-5}  & & & & \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{[PERSON] et al. [14]} & Structural equation & \multirow{3}{*}{Investigating the factors that influencing the progression of good teaching} & Enhanced teaching activity & Limited sample size \\  & & & & \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{[PERSON] et al. [15]} & Framework for & \multirow{3}{*}{Studying the relationship among the variables} & High learning motivation & Poor theoretical establishment \\  & (FRAME) & & & \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{[PERSON] et al. [16]} & Mobile learning in higher education and K-12 & Providing theoretical foundations to mobile learning & Highly satisfied & Low effectiveness \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{[PERSON] et al. [17]} & Partial Least Squares–Structural & \multirow{3}{*}{Developing a conceptual model} & High education environments & Poor satisfaction and acceptance \\  & Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) & & & \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{[PERSON] et al. [18]} & STEM-based mobile & \multirow{3}{*}{Examining the acceptance of high school learning} & High psychological and skilled readiness & Low learning motivation \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{[PERSON] et al. [19]} & Mobile and wearable technology & \multirow{3}{*}{Providing balanced consideration in learning} & Enhanced learning processes & Failed in collecting the data accurately \\ \cline{3-5}  & & Evaluating the students & Positive perception, enhanced students still, high flexibility rate & Unsatisfied education environment \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{[PERSON] et al. [21]} & Dynamic fuzzy logic & \multirow{3}{*}{Analyzing pedagogical affordance} & High learning outcome & Failed to analyze sentiments \\ \cline{3-5}  & Human-behavior-based particle swarm optimization algorithm & \multirow{3}{*}{Obtaining secure m-learning approach} & Enhanced authentication performances & Low efficiency \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{[PERSON] et al. [23]} & Privacy and security technique & \multirow{3}{*}{To improve security awareness and behavior in m-learning system} & Highly secured personal information & Poor acceptance and satisfaction \\ \cline{3-5}  & Secure mobile learning framework & Ensuring end-to-end & \multirow{3}{*}{High privacy and authentication} & Failed to implement in a simulation environment \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 1: Review and comparative analysis of existing literature for mobile learning systems. is influenced directly by progressive technological advancements and the issues based on security and privacy is entirely different from the e-learning system. Let us consider an illustration. While concentrating on privacy, the concerned parties have worries and doubts regarding the usage of personal sensitive information (mobile number, IP address, individual phone ID) that are gathered indirectly without the permission of the data owner.