## 3 Results and Discussion
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{l c c c c c c c c c c c c} \hline \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**Seed Oil**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{_Aspergillus_} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{_Aspergillus_} & \multirow{2}{*}{_Aspergillus niger_} & \multirow{2}{*}{_Penicillium_} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{_Penicillium_} & \multirow{2}{*}{_Penicillium_} & \multirow{2}{*}{_Penicillium_} & \multirow{2}{*}{_Perculosum_} & \multirow{2}{*}{_Trichoderma_} \\  & _fumigatatons_ & & & _versicolor_ & & & & & & & _cycloium_ & _vivide_ (IAM 5061) \\ \cline{2-11}  & **MIC** & **MFC** & **MIC** & **MFC** & **MIC** & **MFC** & **MIC** & **MFC** & **MIC** & **MFC** \\ \hline Linseed oil 1 & 0.50 & 1.00 & 1.00 & 2.00 & 2.00 & 4.00 & 2.00 & 4.00 & 1.00 & 2.00 & 1.00 & 2.00 \\ Linseed oil 2 & 2.00 & 4.00 & 1.00 & 2.00 & 1.00 & 2.00 & 0.5 & 1.00 & 0.5 & 1.00 & 0.5 & 1.00 \\ Linfeed oil 3 & 1.00 & 2.00 & 2.00 & 4.00 & 0.50 & 1.00 & 2.00 & 4.00 & 2.00 & 4.00 & 2.00 & 4.00 \\ Luffa oil & 0.50 & 1.00 & 0.50 & 1.00 & 0.50 & 1.00 & 0.50 & 1.00 & 0.50 & 1.00 & 0.50 & 1.00 \\ Purslane oil & 4.00 & 8.00 & 2.00 & 4.00 & 2.00 & 4.00 & 2.00 & 4.00 & 2.00 & 4.00 & 2.00 & 4.00 \\ Cucurbit oil & 1.00 & 2.00 & 0.50 & 1.00 & 0.50 & 1.00 & 0.50 & 1.00 & 0.50 & 1.00 & 1.00 & 2.00 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 4: Antifungal activity of the studied seed oils (MIC and MFC mg/mL). Most of the reports regarding the antimicrobial effects of vegetable seed oils refer to antibacterial activity and limited research is carried out on fungicidal effects. Similarly to our study, [PERSON] et al. (2019), who tested the fungicidal activity of linseed oil, reported effectiveness against toxigenic _Aspergillus_ species and further attributed these antifungal effects to the high content of linoleic and \(\alpha\)-linolenic acids. [PERSON] et al. (2018) also recorded higher activity of luffa oil against various fungi strains (e.g., _C. albicans_, _C. tropicalis_, _Trichoplyton rubrum_, _Epideromphyton floccossum_, and _Microsporum canis_) compared to fluconazole and aqueous or ethanolic extracts of fruit. Recently, [PERSON] and [PERSON] (2019) reported in vitro inhibitory activity of pumpkin oil against _Candida albicans_ when added at 200 \(\mu\)L, while [PERSON] et al. (2019) suggested effectiveness against yeast species such as _C. albicans_ and _Rhodorula rubra_ and lower effectiveness against mold species (e.g., _Penicillium chrysogenum_, _A. parasiticus_, and _A. niger_). Similar results were reported by [PERSON] et al. (2015) and [PERSON] et al. (2018), who also detected high efficiency of _Cucurbita pepo_ seed oil against _C. albicans_. In contrast, [PERSON] et al. (2018) did not observe any inhibitory effects of pumpkin oil against several bacteria when applied at the highest tested concentration (2.0%; \(v/v\)). According to [PERSON] et al. (2014), the high content of squalene in pumpkin seed oil could be partly responsible for these antifungal effects, apart from polyunsaturated fatty acids. Similarly to our study, [PERSON] et al. (2018) recorded low effectiveness of purslane seed oil against the same bacteria since positive controls exhibited lower MIC and MBC values. It seems that lipids are responsible for the antifungal effects of the studied oils vegetable oils, while other compounds (e.g., squalene in the case of pumpkin oil) may also contribute to the overall antimicrobial activity of seed oils. Moreover, similar to antibacterial, the growing conditions may also affect the antimicrobial properties of the studied oils. The range of all the tested pathogens used in the study is wide and includes both clinically relevant pathogens and food/crop contaminants, in order not to overlook the extensive potential of natural oils in both food and pharmaceutical industries. Hence, the obtained data, which clearly demonstrates antimicrobial potential towards all the tested pathogens, point to the fact that oils are rich in compounds with this activity.