# Hurdles to a Circular Built Environment: A Look at the Economic and Market Barriers
## 3 Results  
Among the various barriers to the implementation of a circular economy, market, and economic barriers ranked the highest in the survey, see Figure 6. This is interesting as other surveys, for example, [PERSON] et al. [13], did not consider the market to be the highest. However, the literature did indicate that by removing/lowering market barriers, cultural and organisational barriers could be reduced. Figure 4: (a) Respondents’ years of experience. (b) most influenced life-cycle stage. Figure 5: Level of CE awareness. Respondents were asked to rate the importance of the extra costs of building insurance and/or professional indemnity when using recycled materials. Figure 6(a) shows the overall response to the question, and Figure 6(b) shows how the data was broken down according to the respondent's job role. To assess whether there was a significant difference between responses according to the job role, a pairwise chi-squared test was performed on the data, comparing the data for each job role with each other. The results suggested that there was no significant difference or dependencies between the results according to the job role; see Table 2 below. Overall, 62% of respondents considered insurance and professional indemnity to be a significant barrier. When investigating this barrier, there is concern that re-used products do not have certification/product guarantees. Also, professionals are concerned that their professional indemnity will not cover them when specifying reused/remanufactured materials/equipment. Among engineers, academia, and architects, there was a high concern about this. The liability for reused construction products is one of the most significant concerns when considering the implementation of a circular approach in the built environment. Companies are interested in reused materials and equipment, provided there is a warranty covering them. The need to guarantee the specific properties of reused products and to transfer liability led to the development of insurance for reclaimed building materials. For example, a German start-up, Concular, partnered with the country's largest insurance  
Figure 6: The importance of various barriers to the implementation of a circular economy. Figure 7: (a) The extra costs of insurance and indemnity. (b) Breakdown according to professional background. company, boasting a 150-year tradition, to level the playing field in terms of warranty and insurance between new and reclaimed construction materials. By creating this insurance for reclaimed materials, their second life was enabled, and their warranty was even better than that of new materials. Furthermore, the cost of insurance did not make reclaimed materials more expensive; they remained 20-30% cheaper than new ones [18]. Next, the respondents were asked to rate the importance of inadequate collaboration between stakeholders and everyone involved in the value chain in the transition to a circular economy. Figure 8a,b show the results, with the latter broken down according to their job role. Nearly half (47%) of respondents agreed that this was very important, with 28% agreeing that this was absolutely important, giving an overall score of 75%. Again, when looking at the individual responses across the job roles, few responded that this was of little importance. Again, statistical analysis did not highlight any significant differences between the professions in their answer to this question; however, it is noteworthy that architects and business professionals (if you exclude others) had the lowest response to collaboration.