# A Novel Approach against Sun Glare to Enhance Driver Safety
###### Abstract  
The automotive industry is developing continuously, trying to improve, among others, the safety of drivers, passengers, and pedestrians. Using modern technology, the dangers caused by weather hazards like rain, snow, fog, or glare were identified and reduced. This paper presents an anti-glare solution using existing technologies that can be found already in a high-end car like the driver's eyes tracking systems, light intensity sensors, or head-up displays. In addition to the existing elements, a sun tracking sensor is required to detect the point where the sun light has the maximum intensity on the windshield surface. Knowing the driver's position and the point on the windshield where the sunlight has a high intensity, a dark spot can be created on the windshield in order to reduce the discomfort created by glare. Depending on the intensity of the light and taking into consideration the traffic safety laws, the spot's transparency can vary between certain limits. Therefore, the dangers caused by glare will be diminished and the risks of not observing pedestrians, other traffic participants, traffic signs, or sudden curves will be considerably lower. Another advantage of using a digital sunshade based on smart glass or in-glass transparent displays, instead of a regular sunshade, is that the whole windshield can be protected against glare not just the top of it. The results were verified and highlighted using computer simulations done via a MATLAB environment. s 20202024 April 20202  
A neglected meteorological phenomenon is glare. Glare can be caused by multiple reasons, depending on the time of the day. During night, glare can be caused by the headlamps of the vehicles coming from the opposite direction. This problem can be solved by improving the technologies used for manufacturing the headlamps, as well as big companies being involved in the development of better products. Therefore, using LED and laser technologies, combined with auto-dimming technology and proper light color temperature, the glare caused by headlamps can be reduced. During day light, glare is caused by the sun that can temporarily blind the driver, thus, increasing the risk of accidents. Head-up display (HUD) can be considered a new technology that is being used more and more these days. The research proposed by [3] presents a navigation system for motorcycles using HUD technology. It is known that a motorcycle rider moves their viewpoint in a characterful way while driving, which makes it difficult for the rider to look at small liquid crystal displays, therefore, the solution proposed is a HUD that leads to increased safety while driving a motorcycle. There are existing papers like [4] that analyze the driver's behavior while using HUD. Using a driving simulator, the driver's acceptance of the HUD location was evaluated, therefore, obtaining valuable data about where the information should be displayed and in what manner. As everywhere, there is still room for improvement regarding head-up displays and its technology, as it leads to possible issues on the driver's visual attention as stated in [5]. Therefore, shifting visual attention between virtual image and background can cause the driver to focus on the HUD and not on the road, sometimes being difficult for the driver to distinguish elements from the HUD image and the background scene. Nowadays, cars are equipped with driver's eye tracking systems in order to monitor the loss of attention of the driver during day and night driving conditions as presented in [6], using the percentage of eye closure as an indication of the alertness level. Using this system, the car can perform several actions like breaking or turning on an alert sound in order to decrease accident risks. Furthermore, in [7] the driver's behavior in new environments was analyzed in order to determine the time spent looking at unfamiliar road signs showing how the driver tried to compensate the cognitive overload.