# An Assessment of Smart Factories in Korea: An Exploratory Empirical Investigation
## 4 Validation of Research Model
### Reliability Analysis  
Reliability analysis determines the degree of trust through the derived Cronbach's value. In general, if the Cronbach's value is less than 0.6, it is determined that the reliability is low and the variable purification should be performed again. We conducted a reliability analysis and finally obtained results that satisfied the value of Cronbach's value (Table 8). Finally, we refined the research model with 73 questions into 53 questions after factor analysis and reliability analysis. As a result, we derived a final research model, as shown in Figure 13. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{l c c} \hline \hline  & **Initial** & **Extraction** \\ \hline ms\_q1 & 1.000 & 0.643 \\ ms\_q2 & 1.000 & 0.696 \\ ms\_q5 & 1.000 & 0.564 \\ ms\_q6 & 1.000 & 0.670 \\ ms\_q7 & 1.000 & 0.747 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 6: Communities after deleting two variables. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c} \hline \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**Variables**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Component**} \\ \cline{2-3}  & **1** & **2** \\ \hline ms\_q7 & 0.859 & \(-\)0.096 \\ ms\_q6 & 0.798 & \(-\)0.182 \\ ms\_q5 & 0.703 & 0.263 \\ ms\_q2 & 0.126 & 0.825 \\ ms\_q1 & \(-\)0.171 & 0.784 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 7: Rotated Component Matrix. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c c c} \hline \hline \multirow{2}{*}{ \begin{tabular}{c} **Latency** \\ **Variables** \\ \end{tabular}  } & \multirow{2}{*}{**Component**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**Variables**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**Factor**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**Communalities**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Rotation Sums of**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Cronbach’s**} \\  & & & & & **Squared Loadings** & & **Alpha If** & **Cronbach’s** \\ \cline{3-8}  & & & & & **Total** & **\% of** & **Item** & **Alpha** \\ \hline Manufacturing & Strategy and road & ms\_q1 & 0.784 & 0.643 & & & & & \\ map & ms\_q2 & 0.825 & 0.696 & 1.406 & 28.114 & - & 0.645 \\ \cline{2-8} Strategy & Budget & ms\_q6 & 0.789 & 0.670 & & & & \\  & ms\_q7 & 0.859 & 0.747 & 1.914 & 38.287 & - & 0.734 \\ \hline Manufacturing & Management tiers & & mo\_q9\_1 & 0.871 & 0.817 & & & 0.928 & \\ Manufacturing & Management tiers & & mo\_q11 & 0.883 & 0.841 & & & 0.925 & \\ Manufacturing & awareness & & mo\_q9\_2 & 0.827 & 0.791 & 3.890 & 55.575 & 0.932 & 0.942 \\ Organization & & & mo\_q10 & 0.892 & 0.825 & & & 0.929 & \\  & & mo\_q12 & 0.839 & 0.806 & & & 0.928 & \\ \cline{2-8}  & Worker tiers & mo\_q9\_4 & 0.928 & 0.892 & & & & 0.926 & \\  & awareness & mo\_q9\_3 & 0.842 & 0.846 & 1.927 & 27.531 & - & 0.829 \\ \hline Manufacturing & & mt\_q22\_5 & 0.811 & 0.830 & & & & 0.956 & \\  & mt\_q22\_8 & 0.789 & 0.789 & & & & 0.956 & \\  & Advanced & mt\_q22\_9 & 0.870 & 0.805 & & & 0.956 & \\  & Industry 4.0 & & mt\_q22\_10 & 0.895 & 0.848 & & & 0.952 & \\  & technology & & mt\_q22\_11 & 0.900 & 0.864 & 7.282 & 38.325 & 0.952 & 0.959 \\  & & mt\_q22\_12 & 0.890 & 0.823 & & & & 0.953 & \\  & & mt\_q22\_13 & 0.909 & 0.863 & & & 0.951 & \\  & & mt\_q22\_14 & 0.897 & 0.816 & & & 0.954 & \\ \cline{2-8} Manufacturing & & mt\_q17 & 0.725 & 0.678 & & & 0.449 & \\ Technology & Data and network & mt\_q19 & 0.748 & 0.593 & 2.293 & 12.071 & 0.491 & 0.610 \\  & & mt\_q21 & 0.735 & 0.610 & & & 0.562 & \\ \cline{2-8}  & & mt\_q22\_7 & 0.811 & 0.754 & & & 0.794 & \\  & Required Industry & & mt\_q22\_6 & 0.764 & 0.653 & & & 0.836 & \\  & 4.0 technology & & mt\_q22\_2 & 0.560 & 0.546 & 3.200 & 16.841 & 0.830 & 0.838 \\  & & mt\_q22\_4 & 0.843 & 0.786 & & & 0.760 & \\  & & mt\_q22\_3 & 0.593 & 0.684 & & & 0.801 & \\ \cline{2-8}  & \multicolumn{2}{c}{Desired smart} & mt\_q16 & 0.895 & 0.809 & 1.174 & 6.177 & - & - \\ \hline \multirow{10}{*}{ \begin{tabular}{c} Manufacturing \\ Process \\ \end{tabular}  } & \multirow{2}{*}{\ \begin{tabular}{c} Master data \\ management level \\ \end{tabular}