# An Optimized Load Balance Solution for Multi-homed Host in Heterogeneous Wireless Networks
## 1 Introduction  
The fifth generation (5G) cellular network is supposed to be an integrative network guaranteeing a seamless user experience. This is done to satisfy a more demanding capacity, higher data rates, and real-time services between massive numbers of connected devices. With the rise of new communications services such as machine-to-machine M2M, device-to-device D2D, IoT, etc., there is a need for cooperation among various operating systems to take full advantage of the available accessible bandwidth. Nowadays, world countries are racing to develop the 5G network infrastructure as a heterogeneous network (HetNet). While the homogeneous network relies only on one type of communication technologies, the heterogeneous network integrates different ones [1]. The heterogeneous network aims at offering better connection speed and coverage. The development cycle calls for applying the emerging technologies in 5G, which will inevitably become the yardstick for modern societies [2; 3; 4; 5]. This development encourages the network operators to implement a small cell network formed by the availability of multi-radio access technologies (multi-RAT). This allows multi-RAT capable devicesto connect to different wireless networks such as wireless fidelity (Wi-Fi) and long term evolution protocol (LTE) [6]. Heterogeneous networks, such as cellular systems and Wi-Fi access points, are configured so that data between accessible networks may be offloaded. However, in modern wireless networks, simultaneous connections to more than one network were lately standardized under \"dual connectivity\" in the 3 GPP Release 12 [7] for the ability to connect to dual networks in the same time. Sending and receiving traffic over multiple networks at the same time is called \"multihoming\". This is supposed to be an evolution of traffic offloading, increasing the utilization of the available resources. Thus, the multi-homed device supports multiple connections to a variety of networks, which may be heterogeneous or homogeneous. In the past decades, applications have played an important role in pushing the multi-homing process in terms of the device manufacturers and network operators' sides. They are still reforming to meet the increasing demands for the excessive number of users and devices [8]. Recently, an applications forecast revealed that the massive application data traffic to be acquired globally is up to 23 exabyte [9]. This huge amount of data turns out to be even more problematic because they require more bandwidth and less processing time. Most of the research in this field aims at solving this problem. Moreover, the experience of using the applications is witnessed to be enhanced within the multiplicity provided by the networks and end-user devices. Lack of the capability of the end user devices is missing the opportunity to improve. For those reasons, many research, including this paper, is sticking to provide a solution. The solution may be addressed by network operators as a network-centric methodology or by the end user device as a user-centric methodology [10]. Network-centric methodology in network infrastructure includes devices, routers, and servers. Multihoming for routers is usually performed by border gateway protocol (BGP), which is an exterior gateway routing protocol. However, multi-homing for servers is maintained by considering homogeneous connections only [11]. A well-known problem with the network-centric solution is that it does not take into account the network orchestration. Orchestration provides the mechanism for all network elements in order to perform as one team plays for the same target as a team player, not as a solitary node. One way to overcome this problem is provided by the use of software-defined networking (SDN) as a network-centric methodology. Unfortunately, this approach has some shortcomings that are not limited to the necessity for technical expertise and the centralized control of policies [12].