# Integrated Multilevel Production Planning Solution According to Industry 5.0 Principles
## 2 Related Works--Literature Review
### Industry 5.0 Elements in Production Planning  
Industry 5.0 is designed to overcome the most common barriers of Industry 4.0 [14]. As the previous concept was based around technology, the human aspect was neglected. The flexibility and modularity of the Industry 4.0 system are structured to deal with dynamic market changes; however, without the humans with the needed skills and knowledge to implement and work in such systems, it is not possible to achieve its high potential [42]. Industry 5.0 therefore is a human-centered, resilient, and sustainable system in which the focus is put on the collaboration of human and machines and adapting the system to the human needs in order to retain the needed productivity and efficiency in production [43]. The creation of strategic production planning can be based on the systematic use of the creativity and experience of a wide-ranging network of employees with the goal of establishing a practical and enduring integrated manufacturing-driven innovation road-mapping process [44]. With only a few solutions presented, there is a lack of a production planning framework in the literature related to Industry 5.0 [45], which is why the functions of smart production, planning, and control in Industry 4.0 were mostly identified. The framework of one example of a production planning and control model focusing on internal production planning and control while using real-time information from the shop floor was introduced [5]. The question remained of how to solve capacity planning challenges with real-time data and suggest the development of intelligent or data-driven release criteria and the dynamic provision of resources at release time. Therefore, new solutions to support the decision-making of human operators in production were proposed as a future research direction. Although digital, the importance of human influence within process planning at the conceptual level remains crucial. A cloud-based system enables decentralized development teams and process planning experts to collaborate and exchange knowledge. Experts in a collaborative process evaluate existing process plans, perform their modifications, and suggest entirely new process plans. The importance of a cloud-based production planning system within the cyberphysical system was enhanced with a framework and a case study of Taiwanese SMEs [46]. It was based on an intelligent dynamic planning and scheduling (IDPS) system, which could dynamically and effectively generate production and operations schedules and provide timely visual analysis data for production planners in SMEs. Finding the best trade-off between product design and process/production plan efficiency is becoming more challenging than ever in multiproduct assemblies [10; 47]. With the increase in demand and complexity of manufacturing systems, it is difficult to manage timely production and the proper implementation of an effective plan without incorporating all information from the industry [31; 48]. Enhancing production planning and control functions can lead to a global improvement of manufacturing systems [49]. The combination of management methodologies such as just-in-time (JIT), optimized production technology (OPT), and/or quality risk management (QRM) with Industry 4.0 tech nologies enable the design of resilient and sustainable production planning systems [28; 32; 33; 34]. The importance of behavior synchronization between physical and digital spaces has been mentioned to create an integrated production planning system. The support of the system should be advanced and new algorithms and AI, simulation, and optimization models employed [50]. However, the main challenges of state-of-the-art technologies in production planning remain, such as the integration of data, software, and decisions; massive data to develop an effective production plan using cutting-edge technologies; and dynamic and automatic management support for production planning [51].