## 1 Introduction  
The Industrial Revolutions had significant societal consequences, impacting various social, environmental, economic, and technological aspects. According to ref. [1; 2], these revolutions have brought about significant changes, from using steam engines to implementing factories that marked the beginning of mechanized production, culminating in the interconnection and management of large amounts of data. The three Industrial Revolutions significantly impacted society since the 19 th century. The first revolution brought about the emergence of steam power; the second introduced electricity generation, mass production, the assembly line, and the division of labor. The third revolution brought the emergence of incandescent light bulbs, radio, television, telephone, telegraph, and even airplanes. Furthermore, this revolution was marked by the introduction of electronic technologies and information systems that enabled production automation [3; 4; 5; 6]. According to ref. [6], the technologies resulting from the Industrial Revolutions have provided people with a better quality of life, ensuring improved physical and mental working conditions. They have also helped develop new products, improved the experience between users and organizations, and advanced payment systems, wages, and worker rewards. The 21 st century is marked by significant technological advancements derived from previous revolutions, characterized as the Fourth Industrial Revolution or Industry 4.0. This recent revolution uses the Internet, integration of computer systems, digitalization of systems and processes, machine learning, autonomous robots, hyperconnectivity, big data, cloud systems, cyber-physical systems, and biotechnology, among others. These technologies are changing the way production is carried out, leading to the emergence of new business models, impacting the job market and enabling new forms of investment, communication, consumption, entertainment, education, and research [6; 7; 8; 9]. Ref. [7] argues that, with the Fourth Industrial Revolution, the entire industrial system is likely to undergo significant changes and impacts. Part of these impacts can be attributed to the growing use and dependence on the internet and modern digital technologies, which have become part of society's everyday life. This brings not only opportunities for improvement and development but also risks and threats [10; 11]. Ref. [8] argues that Industry 4.0 has many positive aspects, allowing organizations to benefit from its evolution. However, the authors emphasize that associated risks cannot be disregarded and must be managed and analyzed. Ref. [12] corroborates this by stating that Industry 4.0 can provide various benefits and opportunities for organizations but highlights that they must understand the challenges and risks of its implementation and conduct proper management. Ref. [13] states that risk management should be a continuous process to identify and determine the risks of a venture or action to be taken, as well as to know how to face and mitigate these risks in the most appropriate way. Risk management assumes that all aspects, whether interactions or interrelations, must be evaluated continuously, not as casual events. Furthermore, it should be considered that once identified, the risk should be treated in a way that minimizes its impact [14]. Therefore, identifying the risks arising from the implementation of Industry 4.0 and creating a tool to measure them can bring benefits to the organization. This allows the organization to understand the risks involved in its processes, mitigate implementation risks, and use the tool as a diagnostic instrument for risk management. In this way, it is possible to ensure greater security in decision-making and proposals for development and advancement regarding Industry 4.0. To take advantage of the opportunities provided by Industry 4.0, organizations need to innovate in their processes and when acquiring and implementing new technologies [15].