# Mycotoxin Level in Winter Wheat Grain as Impacted by Nitrogen and Manganese Fertilisation
## 3 Results
### Mycotoxin Content  
Four mycotoxins were found in wheat grain: deoxynivalenol (DON), nivalenol (NIV), zearalenone (ZEA) and moniliformina (MON) (Tables 7-10). The weather conditions during the study years were found to have a varied impact on cereal grain contamination with mycotoxins produced by _Fusarium_. The largest amounts of DON and NIV were found during the first growing season (2014), whereas the largest amounts of MON were found in 2015, and of ZEA, they were found in 2016. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Treatment** & **2014** & **2015** & **2016** & **Average for Treatment** \\ \hline Without fertilisation & 1053.04 bc & 1302.87 a & 944.55 cd & 1100.15 ab \\
150 kg N ha\({}^{-1}\) & 1118.26 a-c & 1125.58 a-c & 1144.2 a-c & 1119.42 a \\
150 kg N ha\({}^{-1}\) + 0.5 kg Mn ha\({}^{-1}\) & 1307.98 a & 944.71 cd & 579.20 fg & 943.97 cd \\
150 kg N ha\({}^{-1}\) + 1.5 kg Mn ha\({}^{-1}\) & 807.79 de & 1239.63 ab & 638.45 e-g & 895.29 d \\
200 kg N ha\({}^{-1}\) & 1055.67 bc & 666.78 e-g & 1329.6 a & 1008.47 bc \\
200 kg N ha\({}^{-1}\) + 0.5 kg Mn ha\({}^{-1}\) & 731.13 e-g & 541.62 g & 762.97 d-f & 678.57 e \\
200 kg N ha\({}^{-1}\) + 1.5 kg Mn ha\({}^{-1}\) & 826.86 de & 531.83 g & 687.26 e-g & 682.65 e \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular} a,b,c,d,e,f,g,b=values followed by the same letters do not differ significantly in [PERSON]’s (HSD) test (\(p<0.05\)).  
\end{table} 
Table 7: Concentrations of deoxynivalenol (DON) in winter wheat grain after application of N and Mn fertilisers, \(\mu\)g g\({}^{-1}\). Figure 1: Dependence of intensity of Fusarium head blight on content of N (**a**) and Mn (**b**) in grain (calculated at significance \(\alpha\) = 0.05). \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Treatment** & **2014** & **2015** & **2016** & **Average for Treatment** \\ \hline Without fertilisation & 559.26 ab & 326.39 ef & 60.30 ij & 315.31 b \\
150 kg N ha\({}^{-1}\) & 621.02 a & 415.65 d & 77.69 ij & 371.46 a \\
150 kg N ha\({}^{-1}\) + 0.5 kg Mn ha\({}^{-1}\) & 521.36 bc & 303.25 f & 59.44 ij & 294.68 b \\
150 kg N ha\({}^{-1}\) + 1.5 kg Mn ha\({}^{-1}\) & 454.92 cd & 211.06 g & 87.37 hi & 251.12 c \\
200 kg N ha\({}^{-1}\) & 478.65 b-d & 392.84 de & 65.84 ij & 312.44 b \\
200 kg N ha\({}^{-1}\) + 0.5 kg Mn ha\({}^{-1}\) & 311.31 ef & 180.23 gh & 45.97 ij & 179.17 d \\
200 kg N ha\({}^{-1}\) + 1.5 kg Mn ha\({}^{-1}\) & 188.47 g & 94.42 hi & 0.01 j & 94.30 e \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular} a,b,c,d,e,f,g,h,i=values followed by the same letters do not differ significantly in [PERSON]’s (HSD) test (\(p<0.05\)).  
\end{table} 
Table 8: Concentrations of Nivalenol (NIV) in winter wheat grain after application of N and Mn fertilisers, \(\mu\)g g\({}^{-1}\). The application of nitrogen at 150 kg (without Mn) resulted in the presence of the highest grain mycotoxin content. However, the differences were not statistically significant compared with the plot with no fertilisation in the case of MON content. Supplementation of nitrogen fertilisation with manganese reduced the number of mycotoxins in wheat grain, which was confirmed by statistical analysis. The DON content in the fertilised plot in which 150 kg N and 0.5 kg Mn were applied was determined at 93% by the N content of the grain (Figure 2). The calculated coefficient of determination (R\({}^{2}\)) shows that the NIV level in all the variants was determined by the nitrogen content of the grain (from 88% to 96%). The coefficient of determination (r\({}^{2}\)) for the level of MON was higher than 50% at the no-fertilisation plot and at the plot fertilised with 200 kg N and 1.5 kg Mn. The ZEA level was determined (from 64% to 72%) by the N content of grain at the no-fertilisation plot and in the following variants: 150 kg N, 200 kg N and 200 kg N + 0.5 kg Mn. The inclusion of 150 kg of nitrogen along with manganese (0.5 and 1.5 kg) resulted in the Mn content of grain accounting for 56-68% of the variation in the DON level (Figure 3).