## 4 Results and Discussion
### Angular Path Loss  
Figure 5 shows the angular PL measurement results at 60 GHz for the three scenarios, using the spectrum analyzer-based channel sounder. For the LOS scenario, the minimum PL is 83.1 dB and corresponds to FSPL for a distance of 4.7 m. The minimum PL corresponds to the direct path with AoA 0\({}^{\circ}\), but first-order wall reflections are visible in the angular profile. Measured PL is 98.7 dB at AoA 84\({}^{\circ}\) and 99.7 dB at AoA 132\({}^{\circ}\). There is also a reflection at AoA -96\({}^{\circ}\) on wooden furniture, with a corresponding PL of 109.2 dB. The mean AoA is 6.9\({}^{\circ}\) and the RMS angular spread is 30.5\({}^{\circ}\). Omnidirectional PL for the LOS \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c} \hline \hline
**Parameter** & **Value** \\ \hline Grid size & 20 cm \\ Receiver margin & 10 cm \\ Angular resolution & \(\pi\)/48 \\ Maximum PL & 140 dB \\ Maximum \# reflections & 5 \\ Transmit power & 15 dBm \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 2: Simulation parameters coverage prediction tool. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Scenario** & \(\text{PL}_{\text{min,meas}}\) & \(\text{PL}_{\text{omni,meas}}\) & AS & \(\text{PL}_{\text{min,TG}}\) & \(\text{PL}_{\text{min,sim}}\) \\ \hline LOS & 83.1 dB & 81.8 dB & 30.5\({}^{\circ}\) & 82.9 dB & 83.0 dB \\ NLOS 1 & 88.7 dB & 87.0 dB & 52.8\({}^{\circ}\) & 87.5 dB & 97.5 dB \\ NLOS 2 & 95.6 dB & 92.1 dB & 65.0\({}^{\circ}\) & 106.1 dB & 92.4 dB \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 3: Summary of measurement and simulation results for the different scenarios, with \(\text{PL}_{\text{min,meas}}\) the minimum measured PL, \(\text{PL}_{\text{omni,meas}}\) the omnidirectional measured PL, AS the measured angular spread, \(\text{PL}_{\text{min,TG}}\) the minimum measured PL using the TG platform, and \(\text{PL}_{\text{min,sim}}\) the minimum simulated PL. scenario is 81.8 dB. For scenario NLOS1, with an obstructed LOS path with a distance of 4.7 m, the minimum PL is only slightly higher than the FSPL, i.e., 88.7 dB for AoA 96\({}^{\circ}\), which corresponds to a first-order wall reflection. A path around the corner, with AoA 12\({}^{\circ}\), has a PL of 92.6 dB. Omnidirectional PL is slightly lower, i.e., 87.0 dB. The diffracted path is the path with minimum PL for scenario NLOS2, with a PL of 95.6 dB for AoA \(-60^{\circ}\). A first-order wall reflection occurs at AoA \(-144^{\circ}\), with PL 101.7 dB. The minimum PL of 95.6 dB is found for AoA \(-50^{\circ}\), and omnidirectional PL is 92.1 dB, The mean AoA values for the two NLOS scenarios are \(71.4^{\circ}\) and \(-47.0^{\circ}\), respectively, the RMS angular spread values of \(52.8^{\circ}\) and \(65.0^{\circ}\), respectively, are higher than for the LOS scenario. These RMS angular spread values are larger than the azimuth angular spread values of \(15.6^{\circ}\) for a small office room reported in [15] and \(14.5^{\circ}\) for a corridor environment in [18]. On the other hand, the LOS RMS angular spread is smaller than the measured LOS angular spread of \(39.1^{\circ}\) at 28 GHz in a larger office environment [31]. Figure 6 presents the PL as a function of frequency for the 3 scenarios. For each scenario, we show PL for the best path, i.e., for the AoA for which the PL is minimal. As expected, PL increases with frequency, and the measured PL for the LOS link corresponds to the FSPL, considering the gain variations of the measurement antennas. Surprisingly, PL for the shorter link NLOS2 is higher than for the longer link NLOS1. The frequency variations are larger than the gain variation of 2 dB, which shows the frequency selectivity of the channel. Figure 5: Angular path loss profiles at 60 GHz for Line-of-Sight (LOS) and non-Line-of-Sight (NLOS) scenarios. (**a**) LOS, distance 4.7 m; (**b**) NLOS, distance 4.7 m; (**c**) NLOS, distance 3.4 m.  
Figure 6: Measured path loss as a function of frequency for angle of arrival (AoA) with minimum PL at 60 GHz.