## 3 Augmented Reality in Industry
### AR in the Chemical Industry
These studies focus on how augmented reality and additive manufacturing can be combined to develop and test prototypes, improving these products' design, functionality, and performance. Although the studies cover a diverse range of applications, the field of education emerges as the most used area in chemistry and augmented reality. This reflects the growing interest in leveraging these technologies for training, skills development, and knowledge transfer in educational environments. Although AR offers solutions to several technical problems in the chemical industry, there are still some specific challenges where AR could have a significant impact, including: (i) superimposing real-time instructions on equipment, providing step-by-step guidance for maintenance; (ii) monitoring multiple parameters (e.g., temperature, pressure) and visualizing the data in real-time within the actual work environment; (iii) improve safety \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c} \hline \hline \multirow{2}{*}{[39]} & To experimentally analyze the effectiveness of different training methods in bridging & \multirow{2}{*}{\begin{tabular}{c} Education \\ \end{tabular} } \\  & the gap between human–machine interfaces and training in the process industry, to & \\  & improve reliability, cost effectiveness, environmental friendliness, and safety. & \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{[40]} & Systematic literature review to assess the status of research in various domains of & \multirow{2}{*}{\begin{tabular}{c} SLR for Industry \\ 4.0 Trends \\ \end{tabular} } \\  & Industry 4.0. & & 4.0 Trends \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{[41]} & To propose an approach to testing chemical, biological, radiological, nuclear (CBRN) & \multirow{2}{*}{\begin{tabular}{c} Additive Manufacturing \\ and Immersive \\ Technologies–Technology \\ \end{tabular} } \\  & reconnaissance hand-held products developed by additive manufacturing. & & \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{[42]} & To present state-of-the-art Industry 4.0 technologies and propose a strategic plan for & \multirow{2}{*}{\begin{tabular}{c} Industry 4.0–Technology \\ \end{tabular} } \\  & integrating them towards achieving an autonomous smart plant for & & \\  & production management. & & \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{[43]} & To develop a virtual sensor system for monitoring equipment aging in the chemical and & \multirow{2}{*}{\
\begin{tabular}{c} Operation and \\ Maintenance \\ \end{tabular} } \\  & process industry, providing prognostic estimates and displaying results in AR during & \\  & safety walks. & \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{[44; 45; 46]} & To investigate the use of Bayfol® HY instant developing holographic photopolymer film & \multirow{2}{*}{
\begin{tabular}{c} Technology \\ \end{tabular} } \\  & in volume holographic optical elements (vHOEs) as lightweight and high-performance & & \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 1: _Cont._by highlighting hazardous areas and displaying emergency procedures; (iv) provide remote troubleshooting and problem-solving guidance; (v) enable trainees to safely learn procedures in a controlled, immersive environment, improving knowledge retention and reducing risk; (vi) display compliance checklists and standardized operating procedures directly in the work environment; (vii) assist in setting up new equipment; and (viii) simplify inventory management by overlaying item details, quantities, and storage locations. Accordingly, by addressing these challenges, AR could be an enabler for improving productivity, ensuring safety and maintaining high operational standards while reducing the time and costs associated with complex processes and regulatory compliance in the chemical industry. Alternatively, we can look at the cost/benefit potential of implementing AR in the chemical industry, which depends on several factors such as initial investment, training, and the benefits of improved efficiency, safety, and accuracy.