# A Review of the Synthesis and Applications of Polymer-Nanoclay Composites
## 3 Application
### Other Applications  
The improved physicochemical properties created by incorporating nanoclays into a polymer matrix may benefit a wide range of applications, such as tribological properties, gas adsorption processes and automotive and battery manufacturing industries. [PERSON] et al. [222] investigated the impact of three silane coupling agents on the tribological properties of nitrile butadiene rubber (NBR)/bentonite clay composites. The results showed that the silane agents enhanced the adhesion force and hysteresis force of the composites and reduced the friction coefficient significantly. Thermoplastic olefin (TPO)/nanoclay composites are lighter than conventional automobile parts, have desirable mechanical properties and may be used for external automotive body parts [223]. Polycarbonate (PC)/nanoclay composites have been used in the automotive industries for use as exterior coating to resist weathering and abrasion without reducing clarity [150]. [PERSON] et al. [224] fabricated a composite membrane using poly(vinylidene fluoride)(PVDF) with different loading amounts of MMT nanoclays. The resulting composites can be used as separators in Li-ion batteries. A composite with a 5% nanoclay loading was electrochemically stable and had a maximum ionic conductivity of 4.2 mS/cm and a minimum interfacial resistance of 97 \(\Omega\). Li-ion batteries comprising PVDF/MMT nanoclay composite membranes exhibited a higher battery capacity and had a more stable cycle performance than commercial Li-ion batteries [224]. [PERSON] et al. [225] designed two effective NH\({}_{3}\) gas adsorbents using poly-acrylic acid (PAA) with acid-treated bentonite and untreated polygorskite separately. The two different composites were observed to have distinctive structures, which led to different NH\({}_{3}\) adsorption performance. The acid-treated bentonite composites had an adsorption capacity of 88 mg/g, while polygorskite composites had an adsorption capacity of 65.8 mg/g. Moreover, the adsorption of NH\({}_{3}\) resulted in a color change of the adsorbent, making it possible to visually predict its remaining capacity. These composites may be used in air filters, providing an effective and cheap way to remove NH\({}_{3}\) from contaminated air. [PERSON] et al. [226] applied halloysite nanoclay composites as end-stoppers to the control release of calcium hydroxide. The composites were able to preserve calcium hydroxide from carbonation and reduce the impact of acid exposure on both the mechanical performance and pH alteration. The synthesized composites are a promising alternative material to protect cellulose-based papers. [PERSON] et al. [227] developed an environmentally-friendly, flame-retardant coating using PAA/halloysite nanoclay composites to protect polyurethane foam. The study showed that the composites were able to form a halloysite nanoclay barrier to prevent mass and energy transfer during open flame tests. Moreover, the developed composite coating exhibited self-extinguishing behavior and a capability to significantly reduce the total smoke release and the peak heat release rate. It has great potential to improve the fire safety of polyurethane foams.