## 1 Introduction  
With the increasing depth and intensity of mining operations, pressure bumping disasters are occurring more frequently. During the excavation and mining processes, the impact of vibration waves generated makes the surrounding rock of the roadway more susceptible to instability, leading to pressure bumping disasters [1; 2; 3; 4]. With the extensive use of monitoring systems, such as microseismic and ground sound technologies, researchers have increasingly recognized that impact vibration waves are one of the primary contributors to pressure bumping incidents in roadways [5; 6]. However, not all vibration waves lead to impact accidents. Some vibration waves, due to their insufficient frequency or energy, may only result in significant vibrations of the roadway without causing any damage [7]. It is crucial to analyze the response characteristics of the surrounding rock in roadway anchoring by utilizing field-measured vibration waves. This analysis holds significant importance for the support design of roadways affected by pressure bumping. A considerable number of researchers have investigated the response characteristics of the surrounding rock in relation to roadway anchorage. [PERSON] et al. [8; 9] simplified the impact of vibration waves as a plane P-wave and established an interaction model with a circular anchoring roadway. Their findings indicated that the impact of vibration waves on the wave-facing side of the roadway was particularly significant. Through similar simulation experiments and theoretical modeling analyses, the near-field mechanical response and failure mechanisms of anchored surrounding rock were examined. The results indicate that as the energy of the vibration wave increases, the mechanical response of the surrounding rock occurs more rapidly; however, the attenuation rate also increases correspondingly. [PERSON] et al. (2010) simulated the bearing characteristics and fracture processes of the anchorage structure in surrounding rock within deep roadways under various support conditions. They concluded that increasing support strength enhances the stability of the anchorage structure and reduces the fracture range in areas with high confining pressure. [PERSON] et al. (2011) investigated the failure mechanism of bottom coal pressure relief induced by strong vibrations at the heading face of thick coal seams using numerical simulations and other methodologies. The study concluded that shear failure results in significant vibrations of the coal body, with the energy of the vibration waves primarily absorbed by the loose coal, ultimately leading to impact. [PERSON] et al. (2012) systematically analyzed the propagation of stress waves and the failure characteristics of the anchorage body under varying impact pressures using the Hopkinson bar test system. The study found that the spall strength of the anchorage body increased with rising pressure. Additionally, the strain and failure induced by the stress wave in different regions occurred sequentially and inconsistently. It was observed that higher impact pressures led to more severe deterioration of the anchorage body. [PERSON] et al. (2013, 2014) investigated the dynamic load response characteristics of anchored surrounding rock under impact loading using a plane strain model. They found that impact loads can easily induce repeated tension and compression in the roadway anchorage system, leading to system failure and a reduction in the strength of the surrounding rock. By analyzing the deformation and failure characteristics of the surrounding rock and supporting structures of roadways under strong impact loads, they concluded that the surface of the roadway on the front wave side is most affected by the impact, followed by the side, while the back wave side experiences the least impact. The superposition of dynamic and static loads results in a larger damage range for the roadway. [PERSON] et al.