# The Effect of Flipped Classroom Integrated with the POEWSQ Learning Model on Programming Learning
## 6 Discussion  
This study addresses the research question posed, and, based on the experimental results, the following discussion is made:  
**(1) Compared to the group using the flipped classroom integrated with the WSQ learning model, the group using the flipped classroom integrated with the POEWSQ learning model achieved significantly higher learning effectiveness. **  
Under the premise that both groups of learners have the same prerequisite knowledge of programming, the results of this study show that the experimental group using \"the flipped classroom integrated with POEWSQ learning model\" scored significantly higher than the control group using \"the flipped classroom integrated with WSQ learning model\" in the post-experimental learning effectiveness test. This result means that the flipped classroom integrated with the POEWSQ learning model proposed in this study can improve the learning effectiveness of programming courses. This finding aligns with the findings of [PERSON] et al. [50], which demonstrate that integrating the POE learning model into flipped classroom activities effectively enhances students' motivation and academic performance. These results also corroborate the interview analysis discussed in Section 5.4., \"POEWSQ learning model improves learners' learning motivation and effectiveness\". **(2) Learners who use the flipped classroom integrated with the POEWSQ learning model have significantly improved motivation, self-efficacy, and reflective abilities after learning. **  
According to the questionnaire analysis results, after using the flipped classroom integrated with the POEWSQ learning model, the experimental group showed significantly higher motivation, self-efficacy, and reflective ability than the control group. It suggests that using the POEWSQ learning model in the programming course can effectively improve learners' learning motivation, self-efficacy, and reflective ability. [PERSON] et al. [51] mentioned several advantages of the POE inquiry-based learning model, such as helping teachers understand students' initial thoughts and opinions, gaining insight into students' thinking processes and comprehension levels, promoting student discussions, and encouraging active exploration and understanding of new concepts. These advantages are critical factors in improving students' learning motivation and are confirmed by the results of this study. In interviews, learners noted that the problem discussion sessions in class not only helped them understand the questions posed by their peers but also motivated them to attempt to answer these questions actively. This finding aligns with the research study conducted by [PERSON] et al. [22], which suggests that the POE learning model can enhance students' problem-solving abilities. It is also consistent with the findings of [PERSON] et al. [23], who reported that the POE model can help improve self-efficacy. Additionally, learners mentioned that the entire learning activity required continuous thinking, which enhanced their understanding of concepts and reflective abilities. This observation further supports [PERSON] et al. [21] finding that the POE learning model can improve students' critical thinking skills. **(3) Compared with those who learned in the flipped classroom integrated with the WSQ learning model, learners who learned in the flipped classroom integrated with the POEWSQ learning model showed higher programming confidence, usefulness, and necessity. **The questionnaire analysis revealed that the experimental group using the flipped classroom integrated with the POEWSQ learning system was significantly higher than the control group regarding confidence, usefulness, and necessity of attitudes in programming learning. It suggests that, in programming courses, learning with the flipped classroom integrated with the POEWSQ learning model established in this study can significantly improve the learners' confidence, usefulness, and necessity of programming learning.