## 3 System Design and Implementation
### Personalized Medicine Care Assistance  
Smart phones have built-in cameras that can take pictures of interesting events but those cameras can also act as scanners. There are numbers of researchers [12, 13] who have discussed the possibility of decoding a barcode with a mobile phone's built-in camera. This idea is widely applied in many industrial areas as well as healthcare. Applications include asset management and patient administration process. In [14], the utilization of barcode and mobile phones for blinds and visually impaired people to identify objects by decoding the barcode to a URL and directs the phone's browser to fetch an audio file from the web that contains a verbal description of that particular object was proposed. The possibility to decode a barcode with a mobile phone's built-in camera inspired the idea to include personalized medicine care assistance into the ECG monitoring system to provide a more comprehensive ubiquitous healthcare solution.  
The design of personalized medicine care assistance is to help chronic disease out-patients in their daily medication administration processes. According to a landmark study on medical errors conducted by the United State Institute of Medicine [15], medication errors and ADR (adverse drug reactions) are the most common cases among all medical errors. Most of these errors are nonetheless preventable [16].  
Figure 8: Data manipulation process.  
Out-patients with chronic diseases normally need to undergo long term medical treatment and medication process and they are required to take many types of medicine daily to control their diseases. A common cause of medical errors includes irregular medicine in-take due to the patient's busy or erratic lifestyles, complicated in-take due to many medicines and doses taken by the patient, ADR caused by un-reconciled prescriptions obtained from different sources, lack of knowledge about proper use of medicines, lack of consultation with healthcare provides when confusion arises and lack of monitoring mechanisms to keep track of a patient's medicine in-take. Thus, out-patient medication administration has been identified as the most error prone procedure. Various medicine in-take reminder or support systems are introduced to help this group of patients. Wedjat Wedjat (2016), a mobile phone based medicine in-take reminder and monitor, is one such example.  
Personalized medicine care assistance is designed to assist patients in the medication administration process to avoid taking the wrong medicines. In Korea, all medicines that are to be consumed at once are packed into one pack as shown in Figure 9 when a patient receives the medicines at the drug store. For chronic disease out-patients, where too many daily medicines in-takes are necessary, patients might mix up and get confused of which medicines to take at particular time without a proper guidance. Based on this, barcode technology is applied where a personalized barcode image is generated and attached on the medicine packs. Every time before the medicines in-take, patient can use his smart phone's camera which has higher pixels to capture the barcode image clearly, decode the image with embedded decoding algorithm, to get little guidance and verify the medicines before medicines in-takes, to ensure the right medicines are taken. Wrong medication in-take can be a killer.  
**Figure 9.** Sample medicine packs in Korea: (**a**) Medicine packs; (**b**) Medicine pack with barcode.