## 3 Results
### Biodegradation Studies  
Table 5 shows the hydrogel and organogel formulations' biodegradation by bacterial cultures. After 28 days, the highest percentage of biodegradation was 60% \(\pm\) 4 (O-B) and 60% \(\pm\) 2 (O-S), which classifies these formulations as readily degradable. Following 28 days of the experiment, poor biodegradation susceptibility was reported in four formulations: H-B (46% \(\pm\) 6), H-E (35% \(\pm\) 5), H-S (45% \(\pm\) 4), and H-E (43% \(\pm\) 4). It has been shown that the type of cosmetic vehicle has a significant impact on the biodegradation of the formulations. Here is how the kind of vehicle affects biodegradation: (1) The easily biodegradable O-B and O-S formulations showed high levels of biodegradation after 28 days. This suggests that organogels based on biodegradable soy lecithin and Pluronic P127 containing bio-ferment and silymarin are readily biodegradable [45]. The presence of biodegradable components in these formulations likely enhances their susceptibility to microbial degradation. The type \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c} \hline \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**Time (Days)**} & \multicolumn{6}{c}{**Biodegradation after 28 Days**} \\ \cline{2-7}  & **H-B** & **H-E** & **H-S** & **O-B** & **O-E** & **O-S** \\ \cline{2-7}  & \multicolumn{6}{c}{**(\%)**} \\ \hline
0 & 0 \(\pm\) 0 & 0 \(\pm\) 0 & 0 \(\pm\) 0 & 0 \(\pm\) 0 & 0 \(\pm\) 0 & 0 \(\pm\) 0 \\ \hline
2 & 3 \(\pm\) 2 & 8 \(\pm\) 1 & 3 \(\pm\) 4 & 4 \(\pm\) 2 & 3 \(\pm\) 2 & 4 \(\pm\) 1 \\ \hline
6 & 4 \(\pm\) 4 & 13 \(\pm\) 3 & 4 \(\pm\) 2 & 6 \(\pm\) 3 & 4 \(\pm\) 1 & 6 \(\pm\) 1 \\ \hline
7 & 5 \(\pm\) 3 & 15 \(\pm\) 2 & 5 \(\pm\) 3 & 9 \(\pm\) 2 & 6 \(\pm\) 5 & 9 \(\pm\) 2 \\ \hline
9 & 11 \(\pm\) 4 & 17 \(\pm\) 3 & 10 \(\pm\) 1 & 14 \(\pm\) 3 & 10 \(\pm\) 3 & 14 \(\pm\) 2 \\ \hline
13 & 29 \(\pm\) 2 & 19 \(\pm\) 2 & 29 \(\pm\) 1 & 19 \(\pm\) 3 & 28 \(\pm\) 2 & 19 \(\pm\) 2 \\ \hline
14 & 36 \(\pm\) 1 & 18 \(\pm\) 4 & 36 \(\pm\) 1 & 33 \(\pm\) 4 & 36 \(\pm\) 4 & 33 \(\pm\) 3 \\ \hline
16 & 38 \(\pm\) 2 & 22 \(\pm\) 5 & 38 \(\pm\) 3 & 38 \(\pm\) 3 & 38 \(\pm\) 4 & 38 \(\pm\) 2 \\ \hline
17 & 42 \(\pm\) 3 & 23 \(\pm\) 4 & 42 \(\pm\) 4 & 44 \(\pm\) 3 & 39 \(\pm\) 6 & 44 \(\pm\) 3 \\ \hline
22 & 44 \(\pm\) 1 & 23 \(\pm\) 2 & 44 \(\pm\) 2 & 46 \(\pm\) 2 & 41 \(\pm\) 3 & 46 \(\pm\) 3 \\ \hline
23 & 47 \(\pm\) 5 & 26 \(\pm\) 3 & 44 \(\pm\) 4 & 49 \(\pm\) 4 & 41 \(\pm\) 6 & 49 \(\pm\) 5 \\ \hline
27 & 47 \(\pm\) 4 & 33 \(\pm\) 3 & 45 \(\pm\) 5 & 54 \(\pm\) 2 & 42 \(\pm\) 5 & 54 \(\pm\) 4 \\ \hline
28 & 47 \(\pm\) 3 & 35 \(\pm\) 3 & 45 \(\pm\) 4 & 60 \(\pm\) 4 & 43 \(\pm\) 4 & 60 \(\pm\) 2 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}  
* Mean \(\pm\) SD (\(n=6\)). For each prepared formulation, two independent experiments were performed, during which the collected samples were analyzed three times. ** Categories: *–Readily biodegradable with degree of biodegradation \(\geq\)60%; **–P**–Poorly biodegradable with degree of biodegradation below 60%.  
\end{table} 
Table 5: Formulations’ biodegradation by bacterial cultures. of vehicles and type of cosmetic raw material (bio-ferment and pure silymarin) may make them more appealing to the biodegradation microorganisms, leading to higher degradation rates. (2) The poorly biodegradable H-B, H-E, H-S, and O-E formulations exhibited lower levels of biodegradation (ranging from 35% \(\pm\) 3 to 46% \(\pm\) 3) after 28 days. Despite the presence of biodegradable components in the O-E organogel vehicle, this formulation showed a reduced susceptibility to biodegradation. Specific components in the H-B, H-E, and H-S hydrogel vehicles may make them less accessible or less favorable to biodegradation microorganisms--Table 5[46]. The half-life of formulations by bacterial cultures is shown in Table 6.  
The shortest half-life of the O-B and O-S formulations was 23 days.