## 2 Literature Review  
The real-time monitoring and detection of a fire are crucial for enhancing the fire management system. Moreover, during a fire accident, an evacuation path is necessary for the people to move safely out of the fire building. In this section, we discuss the previous studies that focused on implementing distinct techniques and systems for fire detection and an evacuation path. The classic method is widespread and essentially relies on prior evacuation warnings or human assistance in the event of an evacuation scenario; however, the lack of important information such as the safest exit location can be catastrophic [18]. An intelligent evacuation system is the latest approach to a more systematic and simultaneous management of crowds in an emergency [19; 20]. A mobile terminal-based Intelligent Fire-fighting system was proposed to prevent urban disaster and for emergency management of a large public building during emergency evacuation [21]. Early detection of fires in houses using a wireless sensor network (WSN) and GSM for overcoming false alarms has also been proposed [22]. To mitigate the existing problem of automation and central management of building hardware and control services, a low-cost IoT-based evacuation Service was implemented for real-life situations of Building Automation System (BAS) applications [23]. An intelligent fire defense guidance system using IoT technology for detecting the fire event and also providing a real-time safe path for exit was proposed [24]. An intelligent fire prevention and alarm system using ZigBee was proposed for fire safety and management of cultural relics in China [25]. The main focus of the paper was to determine the position of the user in the building and to visualize a 3D model of the building combined with visual evacuation along with instructions on smartphones [26]. A fire warning along with a multi-door control system using Field programmable gate array (FPGA) to provide the information of floor where the fire occurred was developed, which results in an improvement in evacuation [27]. The combination of digital signage and image reorganization techniques was also used to guide people in an emergency through a safe route [28]. An intelligent real-time evacuation guidance system was proposed along with field verification for indoor evacuation and guidance [29]. A real-time evaluation system along with a safe evacuation route was provided through the integration of a wireless sensor network (WSN) and radio identification (RFID) [30]. A cyber-physical systems method is used as a real-time emergency evacuation signage guidance system to direct occupants to safe and quick evacuation routes while taking into account fire source location and development patterns, as well as human traffic flow trends, in real time [31]. A real-time fire evacuation guidance system was proposed, which provides virtual reality using tools such as a building information model (BIM) [32]. A cloud-based rescue worker interface (RWI) was proposed to obtain information on the density of people in a building, the flow of fire, and the position of remaining wardens [33]. The real-time evacuation path planning technique was proposed for high-rise buildings during an emergency, and this system was a combination of real-time data acquisition, calculations of risk distribution, and formulation of an evacuation path [34]. Integration of RFID techniques and Cloud technology were used to build fire evacuation systems with a mobile phone terminal [35]. An evacuation system was proposed using Geographic Information Systems (GIS), IoT to improve the evacuation efficiency was used to obtain information about the building, and the evacuation path was estimated using MATLAB [36]. An IoT-based system was proposed for identifying the number of people in a building in a fire emergency with motion detection [37]. An agent-based emergency evacuation and guidance system were implemented for determining the automatic evacuation guidance plan [38].