# Analysis of the Use of Similarity Coefficients in Manufacturing Cell Formation Processes
###### Abstract  
This study investigated the application of similarity coefficients in cellular layout and group technology in industrial organizations, focusing on multicellular manufacturing. Cell formation methods and techniques were explored, ranging from similarity of operations to production volume, in addition to the main elements of group technology. Cellular layout and group technology offer tangible benefits to industrial processes, such as increased operational efficiency, reduced production costs, and improved quality of final products. The choice and implementation of techniques based on similarity take into account factors such as product variety, production volume, process complexity, and market demand. One of the techniques is the use of similarity coefficients. The purpose of this study is to analyze the use of similarity coefficients in the cell formation process. The technical contribution of this study is that now practitioners have a detailed guide to applying similarity coefficients and verifying the results of the cell formation process in manufacturing activities. A bibliometric search using convenient keywords in the Google Scholar search engine identified the incidences of twenty types of similarity coefficients. The most cited coefficient, the Jaccard coefficient, was tested in standard and non-standard application cases, and the results were compared to support a conclusion. Further research should involve quantitative techniques such as multicriteria evaluation and fuzzy logic in the cell formation process. A Article  
17 December 2024  
Revised: 28 January 2025  
Accepted: 8 February 2025  
Published: 11 February 2025  
**Citation**: [PERSON], [PERSON] Analysis of the Use of Similarity Coefficients in Manufacturing Cell Formation Processes. _Appl. Syst. Innov._**2025**, \(8\), 23. [[https://doi.org/10.3390/asis010023](https://doi.org/10.3390/asis010023)]([https://doi.org/10.3390/asis010023](https://doi.org/10.3390/asis010023))  
**Copyright**: 02 2025 by the author. Published by MDPI on behalf of the International Institute of Knowledge Innovation and Invvention. Licensee MPDI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license ([[https://cravitecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/](https://cravitecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)]([https://cravitecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/](https://cravitecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/))). Introduction  
Cellular layout is a key component of cellular manufacturing (CM) in industrial settings and involves strategically grouping machines, supply, feed and depletion systems, transport, tools, and magazines. A cellular layout ensures that each cell element fits together, entailing fluidity and productivity in the process. For example, in an assembly line, workstations are organized to efficiently assemble product components or subsystems, with each station representing a cell within the layout. Cellular layout promotes smooth and efficient movement between workstations, reducing idleness and enhancing efficiency [1]. The concept of cellular layout extends beyond industrial environments to other engineering fields, such as the design of integrated circuits and modular products. Each module can be viewed as a cell within the overall layout of a device. The underlying concept also applies to the design of scalable software, where modularization allows for the addition or removal of functionalities without affecting the system's stability. For instance, in a business management system, modules like accounting, human resources, and logistics canbe considered as cells within the overall software layout, simplifying system maintenance and evolution [2]. Cellular layout is also utilized in computer-aided design (CAD) systems, particularly in contexts involving modular components. Cells are basic building blocks organized in libraries.