## 3 Materials and Methods
### Proposed Adaptive Large Neighborhood Search
#### 3.2.1 Initial Solution
The results show that the cost-driven solution has lower total distance costs; however, customer time window constraints are not met. Delays are higher compared to solutions where the total tardiness is minimized. On the other hand, in customer-satisfaction-oriented solutions, all customer time windows are met. However, in these problems, the distance cost increased by up to 50%. In order to meet customer time windows, the number of routes, and therefore, the number of vehicles, increased in the test problems except for C05. For example, in the C40 test problem, the results of the two scenarios are compared in terms of the number of routes (number of vehicles) and customer expectations (Figure 5). When customer satisfaction is not prioritized, fewer routes are created, and the vehicles' capacities are used as much as possible. When customer satisfaction is prioritized, vehicle capacities are not fully used. As shown in Figure 5, while distribution is performed with 7 vehicles in the cost-oriented solution, it is carried out with 11 vehicles in the customer-satisfaction-oriented solution. The vehicle occupancy rate is 91.5% in distributions with seven vehicles in the cost-oriented solution. In the customer-oriented solution, on the other hand, it is seen that

Figure 5: Utilization of vehicle capacity for C40 test problem based on cost-oriented and customer-satisfaction-oriented solutions. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c c c c} \hline \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**Instances**} & \multicolumn{5}{c}{**Cost-Oriented Solutions**} & \multicolumn{5}{c}{**Customer-Satisfaction-Oriented Solutions**} \\ \cline{2-10}  & **\# of** & **Total** & **Total** & **Runtime** & **\# of** & **Total Distance** & **Total** & **Runtime** & **\(\Delta\)\%** \\  & **Route** & **Distance (m)** & **Tardiness (s)** & **(s)** & **Route** & **(m)** & **Tardiness (s)** & **(s)** & \\ \hline C05 & 2 & 3956.43 & 3423.137 & 0.177 & 2 & 5005.43 & 0 & 0.198 & 26.51 \\ R05 & 2 & 5064.28 & 2652.562 & 0.180 & 3 & 5726.1 & 0 & 0.201 & 13.06 \\ RC05 & 1 & 4956.02 & 4388.143 & 0.221 & 4 & 7093.17 & 0 & 0.252 & 43.12 \\ C10 & 2 & 5645.72 & 6744.392 & 0.228 & 3 & 7530.96 & 0 & 0.265 & 33.39 \\ R10 & 2 & 4980.35 & 7044.425 & 0.254 & 3 & 6823.93 & 0 & 0.288 & 37.02 \\ RC10 & 2 & 5842.88 & 5013.898 & 0.244 & 3 & 7349.86 & 0 & 0.272 & 25.79 \\ C20 & 4 & 9332.26 & 8005.543 & 2.801 & 6 & 12,736.51 & 0 & 3.123 & 36.48 \\ R20 & 4 & 9972.22 & 11,432.066 & 2.631 & 6 & 14,023.35 & 0 & 3.035 & 40.58 \\ RC20 & 4 & 9401 & 10,434.282 & 2.437 & 6 & 12,447.92 & 0 & 2.708 & 32.41 \\ C40 & 7 & 15,634.88 & 20,972.411 & 12.213 & 11 & 21,828.27 & 0 & 17.160 & 39.61 \\ R40 & 8 & 18,362.61 & 23,123.101 & 11,758 & 11 & 27,193.94 & 0 & 16.397 & 48.09 \\ RC40 & 7 & 16,796.03 & 27,070.676 & 13,054 & 10 & 23,931.24 & 0 & 17.838 & 42.48 \\ C60 & 11 & 25,095.65 & 2342.656 & 28.446 & 12 & 26,075.12 & 0 & 71.939 & 6.67 \\ R60 & 10 & 26,198.41 & 3195.702 & 34.346 & 12 & 27,550.95 & 0 & 77.537 & 5.16 \\ RC60 & 11 & 25,957.16 & 6182.938 & 32.952 & 12 & 28,613.43 & 0 & 71.303 & 9.66 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 5: Comparisons of total distances for solutions with cost-oriented and customer-satisfaction-oriented distance comparison. half of the vehicles (58.2%) are delivered empty in the deliveries made with 11 vehicles. In this direction, it is clear that the vehicle, driver, and operational costs of the logistics provider will increase. A comparison of the solutions of both scenarios for the R05 test problem is presented in the video [54]. Maps of the solutions in the scenarios are given in Figures 6 and 7. The cost-oriented solution is obtained by minimizing the total distance. In Scenario 1, customers are served with two vehicles. In scenario 2, the customer-oriented solution is to increase the number of vehicles to three to meet the time windows of the customers.