## 4 Discussion
### Correlations between the Temporal and Kinematic Variables  
The conducted study showed that punch execution is most affected by the positive correlation between the following pairs of variables: BRa:BV, tBA:BV, tBA:BA, and tHA:tHV, explaining between 30 and 57% of the variance. [PERSON] et al. [1] reported that 56-65% of the variation in punch acceleration can be explained on account of power and strength in the upper and lower limbs, indicating that the remaining variation is likely due to technical factors. A high level of synchronization throughout all body segments is the main characteristic of the most efficient motion pattern in throwing or striking sports involving ballistic movements [62; 63]. As a result of optimal timing (including peak angular velocity of the pelvis, torso, arm, forearm, and hand) and accurate activation of the proximal to distal segment, energy transfer efficiency through the kinetic chain is maximized [63]. Thus, punch execution depends on the optimal ratio of kinematic parameters and their timely inclusion in the motion sequence.  
This line of performance in the present study was identified, to some extent, through the analysis of pairs of large- and medium-correlating kinematic and temporal parameters as follows: the earlier the onset of body acceleration is evidenced, the earlier the punch will reach maximal velocity. In addition, the time of maximal body acceleration will positively influence the maximal hand acceleration, and the maximum hand velocity will occur within the optimal timeline. Moreover, higher body acceleration will occur earlier in a timeline and affect higher hand acceleration. The same applies to tHA and tHV: The earlier the maximum hand acceleration occurs in a timeline, the earlier the maximum velocity of the punch will be registered. It can be argued that the correlation evidenced between BRA:BV and BRA:tBR constitutes a mechanism of lumbopelvic control, also affecting RP execution. It has been reported that in baseball, the torso contributes up to 50% of the kinetic energy and force output over the course of a throwing motion [64]. Evidence also suggests that the rotation of the pelvis and hips affects the angular velocity of the arm movement during a punch [22]. To ensure the effective transfer of energy in a punch, it is not enough to just attain a certain angle, the rotation of the hip must be vigorously stopped at the right point [45]. The results of our study confirmed this.  
In terms of elite athletes' training practices, such findings highlight the necessity of constantly backing up the basics of karate, which are common for novices. Movement control, timed contraction, and coordination should have a distinctive place in the basic training cycle. Such a strategy creates an important foundation for upgrading the efficient technique through an advanced approach.  
Finally, it is fair to say that the correlation coefficients obtained in our study do not suit the presented theory ideally. Probable causes for such evidence were the absence of goal- or task-orientation or practical guidance on how to execute punch. In other words, while performing RP consecutively, athletes were focused on continuous adaptation in a restricted time and were choosing personal strategies to reach the scoring punch. In the final analysis, punches were not differentiated according to velocity. This was done intentionally because the main goal was to reveal the characteristics of the punch in real-time situations, determining how well participants can repeat the execution sequence that results in a point-worthy action.