## 4 Applications of AR and VR in Dentistry  
### AR and VR in Dental Specialties  
AR and VR have their use in a variety of specialties of dentistry, as presented in Figure 1. AR and VR technologies have a promising role in the field of dentistry. The details of its application in oral health are described below.  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Author ID and Year** & **Study Design** & **Sample Size** & **Outcomes** & **Field of Dentistry** \\ \hline [PERSON] et al. [9] & Clinical Trial & 120 & The use of virtual reality resulted in decreased anxiety and pain in children & Pediatric Dentistry \\ \hline [PERSON] et al. [10] & Clinical Trial & 50 & Virtual reality is effective in reducing anxiety and pain & Pediatric Dentistry \\ \hline [PERSON] et al. [22] & Cross-sectional study & 5 & Augmented reality improved the efficiency and safety of craniofacial fibrous dysplasia recontouring & Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery \\ \hline [PERSON] et al. [23] & Clinical Trial & 255 & Virtual reality resulted in a decrease in preoperative dental anxiety & Dental Public Health \\ \hline [PERSON] et al. [11] & Clinical Trial & 30 & Virtual reality was found to be effective in dental phobia treatment & Preventive Dentistry \\ \hline [PERSON] et al. [12] & Clinical Trial & 12 & Improved accuracy and efficiency of virtual reality & Dental Implantology \\ \hline [PERSON] et al. [13] & Experimental Study & 23 & Expectable accuracy of VR & Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery \\ \hline [PERSON] et al. [14] & Clinical Trial & 98 & VR improves self-confidence and knowledge amongst surgical residents & Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery \\ \hline [PERSON] et al. [15] & Pilot Study & 1 & A novel concept of orbital reconstruction & Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery \\ \hline [PERSON] et al. [16] & Case-control & 41 & AR resulted in improved knowledge and skills & Operative Dentistry \\ \hline [PERSON] et al. [17] & Descriptive & 1 & Use of VR in inferior alveolar nerve block & Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery \\ \hline [PERSON] et al. [18] & Clinical Trial & 20 & AR resulted in improved and effective mandibular angle oblique split osteotomy & Oral and Maxillofacial surgery \\ \hline [PERSON] et al. [19] & In vitro study & 126 & Real-time detection of root canal orifices & Endodontics \\ \hline [PERSON] et al. [20] & Experimental study & 1 & Use of AR in orthodontics procedure & Orthodontics \\ \hline [PERSON] et al. [21] & Descriptive study & Not mentioned & Use of VR for dental education of students & Dental Education \\ \hline [PERSON] et al. [24] & Clinical Trial & 2 & VR can be integrated into OMFS & Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery \\ \hline [PERSON] et al. [6] & Clinical Trial & 1 & The use of AR improves 3D-CT & Oral and maxillofacial Surgery \\ \hline [PERSON] et al. [25] & Clinical Trial & 20 & AR enhances intraoperative distraction osteogenesis & Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery \\ \hline [PERSON] et al. [26] & Experimental Study & 1 & AR enhances surgical procedures & Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery \\ \hline [PERSON] et al. [27] & In vitro study & 40 & AR-enhanced implant placement & Oral Implantology \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}
Table 1: Application of augmented reality and virtual reality in dentistry.