# E-Waste Reverse Supply Chain: A Review and Future Perspectives
## 4 E-Waste Reverse Supply Chains
### Performance Evaluation and Decision Making  
[PERSON] et al. [48] proposed an integrated RL model to answer three critical questions: (1) what are the financial benefits received through RL activity? (2) What is environmental improvement? (3) What are the advantages of social factors? A real case study of IBM in France was conducted to validate the model. [PERSON] et al. [49] evaluated the e-waste recycling performance in Taiwan focusing on 15 potential electronic devices. The study applied the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) to determine the priority of the new compulsory recycled wastes, namely due recycled wastes. To evaluate the overall quality of recycling operation, [PERSON] [50] proposed a conceptual framework using the multi-attribute global inference of quality (MAGIQ) approach. The study combined various types of recycling processes into an integrated value which represents the overall quality of recycling operations. The research can assist logistic managers to have a clear picture of selecting appropriate recycling systems. [PERSON] et al. [51] introduced a systematic model for evaluating e-waste treatment strategies including reuse, recycling and disposal. They utilized the fuzzy linear programming technique for multidimensional analysis of preference (fuzzy LINMAP) method to determine the weight of alternatives. The result found that reuse and recycling methods are safer than the disposal method and contribute the resource conservation in the long run although these methods require a higher investment cost and technological facilities. To evaluate the capability of the e-waste RL model, [PERSON] et al. [52] considered eight critical factors and used the index system and quantitative approaches. The study provided a new framework for decision-makers to evaluate and improve the RL capability in an effective way. Collection points are a crucial part of RSC practice since they are established to collect and sort used products for proper treatment processes. This step significantly affects the whole chain process [53]. [PERSON] et al. [54] introduced an analytic model using AHP approach to evaluate key criteria for selecting appropriate locations for collection points in the RL model. Some aspects considered to choose collection points included the number of inhabitants, legal concerns, accessibility and public awareness. The model was validated through a case study of used batteries in Spain. [PERSON] and [PERSON] [55] proposed a new framework with a two-stage decision to optimize the treatment and recycling systems of e-waste RL. Firstly, in the treatment stage, different treatment suppliers were selected by the manufacturer through a multi-objective model (i.e., environmental goals and activity-based costing goals). This stage is considered as a non-profit stage. Secondly, the recycling stage aims to achieve profit maximization with consideration of environmental issues by applying some methods (e.g., single-objective model, activity-based costing constraints, and environmental constraints). A case study of an electronic company was conducted to validate the effectiveness of the proposed model. To evaluate the sustainable performance of e-waste RSC management in Tunisia, [PERSON] et al. [56] introduced a collaborative strategy by applying an integrated method (with entropic approach and fuzzy set theory). [PERSON] et al. [57] aimed to evaluate the alternative e-waste management plans at the national level with a case study of Greece. They considered 12 criteria with four main dimensions, such as financial, technical, social and environmental aspects. A binary linear programming was applied to find the maximum performance of nine alternative scenarios of e-waste management. The study suggested that the joint collaboration of all partners, including political willing, consumer, industry and government are necessary for integrated e-waste management. Some studies focus on the performance valuation and decision making on the RSC of e-waste shown in Table 4.