## 4 Conclusions and Perspectives  
Our results showed that _M. sylvestris_ had an excluder phenotype and could be cultivated on a heavily TE-contaminated site. The growth and development of mallow were not impacted by the contamination, leading to yields that were similar to average yields obtained in uncontaminated sites. However, _M. sylvestris_ alone did not result in the decrease of Cd mobility in our sediment conditions. Therefore, to achieve phytostabilization, the cultivation of mallow should be aided by biological or/and mineral amendments. _M. sylvestris_ could enable several valorization options, with a focus on natural dye production. To our knowledge, this was the first time that a dye extraction and dyeing test were conducted with _M. sylvestris_ flowers grown on a TE-contaminated site resulting in a yellow shade on aluminum-pretreated silk fabric while respecting the OEKO-Tex standard 100 TE threshold limit value. Our results concerning the TE concentration throughout the dyeing process encourage the study of other tinctorial plants in the context of the phytomanagement of TE-contaminated sites, as this valorization option seems feasible. The remaining mallow biomass could be valorized as biomaterials such as an absorbent for water remediation or as sources to produce high-value compounds combined with the valorization energy of the residues through biogas production. Overall, the results of the dyeing assay with _M. sylvestris_ should be confirmed at pilot, scale and the dyeing quality should be assessed. Moreover, an adapted technical itinerary that is based on agricultural practices should be developed for phytomanagement in large areas. The following are available online at [[https://www.mdpi.com/article/10.3390/app112210613/s1](https://www.mdpi.com/article/10.3390/app112210613/s1)]([https://www.mdpi.com/article/10.3390/app112210613/s1](https://www.mdpi.com/article/10.3390/app112210613/s1)), Figure S1: Water pH in sediment on Area 1 (green), Area 2 (blue), and Area 3 (orange) at the start (\(n=5\)) and at harvest (\(n=10\)) (the box plots indicate the median (black line) and the 25 (lower bar) and 75 (upper bar) percentiles; red cross = mean). Significant differences between conditions are indicated by different letters at the level of \(\alpha=0.05\), Figure S2: Picture of fabric dyed with _Mulve sylvestris_ L. extract depending on the area of cultivation, the temperature of extraction, the fabric origins, and the pretreatment. The small fabric squares are cotton, and the large fabric squares are silk. From left to right, the fabric was either not pretreated, pretreated with alum, and pretreated with iron, Table S1: List of the agronomic analyses and methods performed by the subcontracted laboratory, Table S2: Percentage of mobile trace elements (Cd, Cu, Pb, Zn) calculated as extractable concentrations over total concentrations in sediment at the three areas, at the start (\(n=5\)), and at the harvest (\(n=10\)) (mean \(\pm\) SD). Significant differences between conditions are indicated by different letters (normal or italic) or numbers (normal or italic) at the level of \(\alpha=0.05\) (Tukey HSD test), Table S3: OEKO-Tex TE concentration threshold limit value (extractable and total in ug g\({}^{-1}\)) in textile directly in contact with skin. **Author Contributions:** Conceptualization, A.P. ([PERSON]), V.B. and M.F.d.S. ; methodology, A.P. ([PERSON]), V.B., A.P. ([PERSON]) and J.G. ; software, A.P. ([PERSON]); formal analysis, A.P. ([PERSON]); investigation, A.P. ([PERSON]), A.W. ; resources, A.P. ([PERSON]), R.G. and J.G. ; data curation, [PERSON] ([PERSON]); writing--original draft preparation, A.P. ([PERSON]); writing--review and editing, E.M., V.B., R.G., J.G., and M.F.d.S. ; visualization, [PERSON] ([PERSON]); supervision, V.B., E.M., M.F.d.S. and R.G. ; project administration, E.M., V.B. and R.G. ; funding acquisition, E.M., V.B. and R.G. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.