## 3 Results and Discussion  
### Baseline Building Model  
Energy simulations were conducted on this model in different locations, particularly, Amman, Irbid, Aquaba, and Oradea, to use them as a comparison reference with energy results obtained from the PCM-incorporated building models. Figure 17 shows the percentage distribution of the electrical energy consumption in the baseline building model in Amman, Irbid, Aquaba, and Oradea.  
For the city of Amman, the baseline building model with extruded polystyrene insulation exhibits annual electricity consumption of 9283.38 kWh for heating, 7574.54 kWh for  
Figure 16: BioPCM® M91/Q23-incorporated external wall layers with the tested PCM configuration, (**a**) closer to the interior side, (**b**) in the middle, and (**c**) closer to the exterior side of the external wall.  
Figure 17: Percentage distribution of the electrical energy consumption in the baseline building model in Amman city, Irbid city, Aquaba city, and Oradea city.  
cooling, 6465.58 kWh for interior lighting, and 3871.55 kWh for other electrical loads such as plugs and equipment. For Irbid city, the baseline building model incorporating extruded polystyrene insulation demonstrates annual electricity consumption of 11,420.19 kWh for heating and 6926.15 kWh for cooling. For Aqaba, the baseline building model with extruded polystyrene insulation exhibits annual electricity consumption of 3626.72 kWh for heating and 12,501.29 kWh for cooling. For Oradea city, the baseline building model, with mineral wool fibers as insulation medium, demonstrates annual electricity consumption of 20,251.03 kWh for heating and 2620.26 kWh for cooling.  
Additionally, the electrical energy intensity or the energy use intensity (EUI) for the baseline building model was calculated by dividing the total electricity consumption by the conditioned and total floor areas of the building. Energy use intensity (EUI) refers to the amount of electrical energy consumed per unit of area or a specific activity. This measure is used to assess the efficiency of electrical energy use in various contexts including the buildings sector.  
Accordingly, monitoring the energy use intensity (EUI) is crucial to track progress in buildings' energy efficiency and sustainability goals. Therefore, lower EUI is desirable as it signifies a more efficient use of energy resources, which can contribute to energy cost savings and reduced greenhouse gas emissions. In this regard, the following tables demonstrate the electrical energy intensity and the HVAC electricity intensity per conditioned and total floor areas for the baseline building model in the specified location; the results are listed in Table 6.  
The ideal value for EUI in a residential building depends on a few factors, including the climate, the type of building, and the occupants' lifestyle. According to the Building Energy Efficiency Standard (BEES), the average value of the EUI for residential buildings is 115.14 kWh/m\({}^{2}\)/year [55].  
Accordingly, the EUI values per total floor area of the baseline building model, as illustrated in the above tables, are 132.10, 139.33, 128.55, and 162.97 (kWh/m\({}^{2}\)/year) for Amman, Irbid, Aqaba, and Oradea, respectively. Although the resulted EUI values are slightly higher than the average value, these values are to be modified by means of phase change materials.