# Optical Wireless Fronthaul-Enhanced High-Throughput FC-AE-1553 Space Networks
## 1 Introduction
In order to address these problems, the original wired FC-AE-1553 network can be enhanced on the basis of access to the wireless network. This can take full advantage of the flexibility and scalability of the wireless network while taking into account the highly reliable characteristics of the wired FC-AE-1553 network. Currently, there are several widely researched wireless communication methods, including Bluetooth, Wi-Fi, optical wireless communication (OWC), also known as Li-Fi [14; 15; 16]), and laser communication. This paper favors optical wireless communication as the wireless enhancement method. When choosing a fronthaul wireless communication technology for space networks, it is essential to consider factors such as high reliability, compact size, and low power consumption. These factors are of utmost importance due to the limitations imposed by the restricted launch weight, power availability, and the space environment. Visible light communication offers a broader spectrum with high-speed capabilities and can be easily arranged with compact transmitters and receivers. It also has the advantage of minimal interference with radio frequency signals and high electromagnetic immunity, making it suitable for the implementation requirements of space application information networks. In 2011, the concept of combining Li-Fi and Wi-Fi technologies was first proposed, leading to the development of a hybrid Li-Fi and Wi-Fi network (HWLNet) [17]. Li-Fi offers high-speed and secure data transfer but has limited coverage, whereas Wi-Fi provides wide coverage and allows a large number of users access despite the limited bandwidth. Research on key technologies such as user behavior, handover, and load balancing was summarized in [18], demonstrating the advantages of the hybrid Li-Fi and Wi-Fi network over independent networks. This is evident in the hybrid network architecture, cell arrangement, access methods, and other relevant factors. The research on hybrid networks combining Wi-Fi and Li-Fi has certain guiding significance for the study of hybrid networks in this paper. For instance, there are three typical approaches to achieving heterogeneous integration in a hybrid network: simultaneous utilization of two heterogeneous networks, using different networks for the uplink or downlink, and selecting networks based on the transmission type, network quality, or other comprehensive factors. This paper intends to adopt the third approach. However, it is important to note that wireless hybrid networks differ from wired-wireless hybrid networks in certain aspects, such as network switching. Unlike wireless network-switching technologies such as Wi-Fi and Li-Fi, which primarily focus on parameters like handover frequency, handover interruption time, and handover failure rate, the network-switching mechanism between FC-AE-1553 and Li-Fi in this system seamlessly transitions between wired and wireless networks. The primary emphasis is on minimizing data latency, packet loss, protocol overhead, and energy consumption. The integration of Li-Fi technology as a wireless expansion and enhancement solution for space application information networks presents a promising path forward. Leveraging the advantages of Li-Fi, such as its high transmission rates and low power consumption, allows for improved connectivity, scalability, and reliability within the constraints of space environments. This paper explores the potential of Li-Fi technology in enhancing space networks, providing a valuable contribution to the field of space information networking. Specifically, we study the three objectives outlined below. The main objective is to overcome the inherent limitations of current space-based wired networks. These limitations include a lack of mobility, high maintenance and expansion costs, and the significant resource drain caused by multi-hop transmissions. Our approach involves an in-depth exploration of the fusion of wired FC networks and wireless optical networks, along with the deployment of a hybrid network architecture.