# Degradation of Trace Organic Contaminants by a Membrane Distillation--Enzymatic Bioreactor
## Materials and Methods
### Experimental Setup
 \\ \hline \multicolumn{8}{c}{**g/mole**} & \multicolumn{4}{c}{**mg/L**} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{**(mmHg)**} \\ \hline \multicolumn{8}{c}{**Non-Phenolic Compounds**} \\ \hline Primidone & C\({}_{12}\)H\({}_{14}\)N\({}_{2}\)O & 218.25 & 0.83 & 1500 & \(6.08\times 10^{-11}\) & 13.93 \\ Ketoprofen & C\({}_{16}\)H\({}_{14}\)O\({}_{3}\) & 254.28 & 0.19 & 554,000 & \(3.32\times 10^{-8}\) & 13.70 \\ Naproxen & C\({}_{14}\)H\({}_{14}\)O\({}_{3}\) & 230.26 & 0.73 & 435,000 & \(3.01\times 10^{-7}\) & 12.68 \\ Gemfibrozil & C\({}_{15}\)H\({}_{22}\)O\({}_{3}\) & 250.33 & 2.07 & 263,000 & \(6.13\times 10^{-7}\) & 12.11 \\ Metronidazoleze & C\({}_{6}\)H\({}_{3}\)N\({}_{3}\)O\({}_{3}\) & 171.15 & \(-\)0.14 & 29,000 & \(2.67\times 10^{-7}\) & 11.68 \\ Dichlorenac & C\({}_{14}\)H\({}_{11}\)C\({}_{23}\)NO\({}_{2}\) & 296.15 & 1.77 & 200,000 & \(1.59\times 10^{-7}\) & 11.51 \\ Fenoprop & C\({}_{6}\)H\({}_{3}\)C\({}_{3}\)O\({}_{3}\) & 269.51 & \(-\)0.13 & 230,000 & \(2.13\times 10^{-6}\) & 11.48 \\ Ibuprofen & C\({}_{13}\)H\({}_{18}\)O\({}_{2}\) & 206.28 & 0.94 & 928,000 & \(1.39\times 10^{-4}\) & 10.39 \\ Amertyn & C\({}_{6}\)H\({}_{72}\)N\({}_{5}\)S & 27.33 & 2.97 & 140 & \(1.72\times 10^{-6}\) & 9.35 \\ Clofibric acid & C\({}_{10}\)H\({}_{11}\)C\({}_{3}\)O\({}_{3}\) & 214.65 & \(-\)1.06 & 100,000 & \(1.03\times 10^{-4}\) & 9.54 \\ Carbamazepine & C\({}_{15}\)H\({}_{22}\)N\({}_{2}\)O & 236.27 & 1.89 & 220 & \(5.78\times 10^{-7}\) & 9.09 \\ Octocylene & C\({}_{24}\)H\({}_{22}\)N & 361.48 & 6.89 & 0.36 & \(2.56\times 10^{-9}\) & 8.47 \\ Amitriptyline & C\({}_{20}\)H\({}_{23}\)N & 277.40 & 2.28 & 83 & \(1.50\times 10^{-6}\) & 8.18 \\ Atrazine & C\({}_{8}\)H\({}_{14}\)C\({}_{15}\)N\({}_{5}\) & 215.68 & 2.64 & 69 & \(1.27\times 10^{-5}\) & 7.28 \\ Propoxur & C\({}_{11}\)H\({}_{15}\)NO\({}_{3}\) & 209.24 & 1.54 & 800 & \(1.53\times 10^{-3}\) & 6.28 \\ Benzophenone & C\({}_{13}\)H\({}_{10}\)O & 182.22 & 3.21 & 150 & \(8.23\times 10^{-4}\) & 5.88 \\ DEET & C\({}_{12}\)H\({}_{17}\)NO & 191.3 & 2.42 & 1000 & \(5.6\times 10^{-3}\) & 5.85 \\ \hline \multicolumn{8}{c}{**Phenolic Compounds**} \\ \hline Enterolactone & C\({}_{18}\)H\({}_{18}\)O\({}_{4}\) & 288.38 & 2.53 & 200 & \(3.29\times 10^{-13}\) & 15.20 \\ Estriol & C\({}_{18}\)H\({}_{24}\)O\({}_{3}\) & 298.33 & 1.89 & 32 & \(1.34\times 10^{-9}\) & 10.78 \\
17\(\alpha\)-Ethinylestradiol & C\({}_{20}\)H\({}_{24}\)O\({}_{2}\) & 269.40 & 4.11 & 3.9 & \(3.74\times 10^{-9}\) & 9.47 \\ Oxybenzene & C\({}_{14}\)H\({}_{12}\)O\({}_{3}\) & 228.24 & 3.89 & 2700 & \(5.26\times 10^{-6}\) & 9.23 \\ Estrone & C\({}_{18}\)H\({}_{22}\)O\({}_{2}\) & 270.37 & 3.62 & 5.9 & \(1.54\times 10^{-8}\) & 9.03 \\
17\(\beta\)-Extradiol & C\({}_{18}\)H\({}_{24}\)O\({}_{2}\) & 272.38 & 4.15 & 3 & \(9.82\times 10^{-9}\) & 8.93 \\
17\(\beta\)-Extradiol-17-acetate & C\({}_{20}\)H\({}_{28}\)O\({}_{3}\) & 314.42 & 5.11 & 1.9 & \(9.88\times 10^{-9}\) & 8.67 \\ Bisphenol A & C\({}_{15}\)H\({}_{16}\)O\({}_{2}\) & 228.29 & 3.64 & 73 & \(5.34\times 10^{-7}\) & 8.66 \\ Salicylic acid & C\({}_{7}\)H\({}_{6}\)O\({}_{3}\) & 138.12 & \(-\)1.13 & 2240 & \(8.2\times 10^{-5}\) & 8.18 \\ Pentachlorophenol & C\({}_{6}\)HCl\({}_{3}\)O & 266.34 & 2.85 & 4800 & \(3.49\times 10^{-4}\) & 7.59 \\ Tricosan & C\({}_{12}\)H\({}_{7}\)C\({}_{3}\)O\({}_{2}\) & 289.54 & 5.28 & 19 & \(3.26\times 10^{-5}\) & 6.18 \\
4-tert-Butylphenol & C\({}_{10}\)H\({}_{14}\)O &covered with aluminum foil was placed in a water bath, and the temperature of the water bath was maintained at 30 \(\pm\) 0.2 \({}^{\circ}\)C using an immersion heating unit (Julabo, Seelbach, Germany). The enzymatic bioreactor was equipped with an air pump (ACO-002, Zhejiang Sensen Industry Co. Ltd., Zhoushan, China) to maintain a dissolved oxygen concentration of above 3 mg/L. The external direct contact membrane distillation system contained an acrylic glass membrane cell, two circulation pumps (Micropump Inc., Vancouver, WA, USA) and a glass permeate tank (Figure 1). Feed and permeate flow channels were engraved on each block of the membrane cell.