## 3 Results
### Overall Screening Score  
The diagnostic accuracy of the three different overall scores (Italian overall score, Spanish overall score, and bilingual overall score) was exploratorily assessed with respect to (a) the presence of a DLD diagnosis vs. the absence of pathological scores in any of the Italian standardised tests and (b) the presence of a DLD diagnosis and/or pathological scores in any of the Italian standardised tests vs. the absence of any pathological scores (thus, merging the DLD group and the risk group).  
Unfortunately, due to technical or personal motivation or collaboration issues, some children had sporadic missing data on one or more of the tests. Therefore, the overall score could not be computed for all the children, and the number of data available for the Italian, for the Spanish, and for the bilingual overall scores are not identical.  
Diagnostic accuracy was analysed with respect to the **presence of a DLD diagnosis** as opposed to the absence of pathological scores. For the Italian overall score, data of a total of \(n\) = 16 children were analysed, including 8 with and 8 without DLD, obtaining an AUC value of 0.938, \(p\) < 0.001. A cut-off point of 60.42% correct responses would allow for a sensitivity of 0.750 and a specificity of 1.000 (\(J\) = 0.750, see Figure 4a). For the Spanish overall score, data of a total of \(n\) = 16 children were analysed, including 9 with and 7 without DLD, obtaining an AUC value of 0.873, \(p\) < 0.001. A cut-off point of 44.79% correct responses would allow for a sensitivity of 0.667 and a specificity of 1.000 (\(J\) = 0.667, see Figure 4b). For the bilingual overall score, data of a total of \(n\) = 13 children were analysed, including 7 with and 6 without DLD, obtaining an AUC value of 0.905, \(p\) < 0.001. A cut-off point of 57.4% correct responses would allow for a sensitivity of 0.714 and a specificity of 1.000 (\(J\) = 0.714, see Figure 4c).  
Diagnostic accuracy was further analysed with respect to the **presence of a DLD diagnosis and/or pathological scores on Italian standardised tests** (DLD and risk groups) as opposed to the absence of such conditions (TD). For the Italian overall score, data of a total of \(n=24\) children were analysed, including 8 TD and 16 with DLD diagnosis and/or pathological scores, producing an AUC value of 0.969, \(p<0.001\). A cut-off point of 63.19% correct responses would allow for a sensitivity of 0.875 and a specificity of 1.000 (\(J=0.875\), see Figure 5a). For the Spanish overall score, data of a total of \(n=23\) children were analysed, including 7 TD and 16 with DLD or pathological scores in standardised tests, obtaining an AUC value of 0.857, \(p<0.001\). A cut-off point of 64.58% correct responses would allow for a sensitivity of 1.000 and a specificity of 0.571 (\(J=0.571\), see Figure 5b). For the bilingual overall score, data of a total of \(n=19\) children were analysed, including 6 TD and 13 with DLD diagnosis and/or pathological score, producing an AUC value of 0.910, \(p<0.001\)). A cut-off point of 57.40% correct responses would allow for a sensitivity of 0.714 and a specificity of 1.000 (\(J=0.714\), see Figure 5c).  
The results of each of the different subtests will now be considered.