## 2 The Influence of Piston Pump Vibrations on the Drive of Hydraulic Cylinders  
The influence of piston pump vibrations on the drive of hydraulic cylinders in hydroelectric power plants is a significant factor in the overall performance and reliability of the hydraulic systems used to move massive gates and structures. Vibrations from piston pumps can lead to increased mechanical wear and tear on the components of the hydraulic system, including the hydraulic cylinders, seals, and the drive mechanisms. The repetitive motion caused by vibrations can accelerate the degradation of these parts, leading to more frequent maintenance and potential failures. Figure 1 shows the principle diagram of power transmission. The hydrostatic power (\(P,\ Q\)) is supplied alternately to the connection openings (\(A,\ B\)). The transmission of mechanical power (\(F,\ N\)) is carried out in both directions of movement, due to the differences (difference) in the surface of the piston, at different speeds (\(v_{1},\ v_{2}\)), and at the same speed, which is achieved by installing additional devices in the hydraulic system. For the sake of a gentle approach to stopping the movement in the end positions, especially when transmitting large forces, the installation of damping elements is mandatory. Hydraulic systems in hydroelectric power plants require precise control to move large gates and structures accurately Figure 2. Vibrations can disrupt the smooth operation of hydraulic cylinders, leading to jerky or imprecise movements. This can be particularly problematic when dealing with the precise positioning of gates that regulate water flow. Figure 1: (1) Rear cover. (2) Piston seal. (3) Piston. (4) Cylinder tube. (5) Piston rod. (6) Front cover. (7) Piston rod seal. Continuous vibrations can induce fatigue in the structural components of the hydraulic drive system. Over time, this can weaken the structural integrity of the system, making it more susceptible to cracks and failures. This is especially critical in hydroelectric power plants where the failure of a gate or structure can have serious safety and operational consequences. Vibrations contribute to noise generation in hydraulic systems. In hydroelectric power plants, excessive noise can be a concern not only for worker safety and comfort, but also for environmental reasons, particularly in installations located in natural settings where noise pollution must be minimized. In conclusion, managing the influence of piston pump vibrations is crucial for the efficient and reliable operation of hydraulic cylinders in hydroelectric power plants. Through a combination of design improvements, maintenance practices, and advanced monitoring, the negative impacts of vibrations can be significantly reduced, ensuring the safe and effective movement of massive gates and structures. Vibrations can affect the fluid dynamics within the hydraulic system. They can cause fluctuations in pressure and flow rates, potentially leading to cavitation--the formation of air bubbles in the hydraulic fluid. Cavitation can damage internal components and degrade the performance of the hydraulic cylinders. Modern hydraulic systems often rely on sophisticated control systems to manage the operation of hydraulic cylinders. Vibrations can interfere with sensors and cause feedback loops, leading to instability in the control system. This can result in erratic behavior in the gates and structures being moved. Hydraulic pumps are essential components that enable the functionality of hydraulic cylinders, particularly in large and powerful systems. They generate the necessary hydraulic power, control fluid flow and pressure, and ensure the efficient, reliable operation of hydraulic machinery across various industries. Hydraulic pumps convert mechanical energy into hydraulic energy by moving hydraulic fluid (usually oil) through the system. This pressurized fluid is then used to actuate the hydraulic cylinders. The pump generates the necessary flow and pressure required to move the piston within the hydraulic cylinder.