## 1 Introduction  
Joint is a prevalent geological structure that significantly influences the mechanical properties and engineering behavior of rocks [1, 2]. Moreover, roughness and inclination are two critical parameters that govern the surface morphology of joints [3, 4]. Joints play a significant role in the mechanical behavior of rocks, stress wave propagation, and failure process [5, 6, 7]. Previously, many scholars have researched the influence of jointed cracks in rock masses on dynamic mechanical properties [8, 9, 10, 11] and damage mechanism [12, 13, 14, 15]. The geometric parameters of the joints mainly include joint roughness, thickness, penetration, inclination, and opening degree [16, 17]. [PERSON] et al. [18] explored the impact of preset joints on key rock mass parameters, including stiffness, peak strength, and residual strength. [PERSON] [19] observed that the energy attenuation of stress waves passing through directionally arranged cracks exhibits a higher anisotropy than the wave velocity, which indicates that the energy attenuation is more sensitive to crack existence than wave velocity. [PERSON] [20] revealed that the energy attenuation coefficient is proportional to the ratio of fracture density to the wavelength and the average fracture radius to the wavelength. [PERSON] and [PERSON] [21] pointed out that the stress wave attenuation depends on the number and width of cracks and the wave impedance of the filler. [PERSON] [22] simulated joint surface roughness by systematically depicting scratches on the rock surface, and further explored the relationship between stress wave velocity and joint surface roughness. [PERSON] et al. [23] investigated the effects of joint morphology, number of joints, loading strain rate, type, thickness of joint fillings, and specimen aspect ratio on the dynamic compressive strength and failure mode of jointed rock masses using a similar material model test. [PERSON] et al. [24; 25; 26] conducted SHPB tests for artificially formed jointed specimens with different joint roughness and analyzed the relationship between energy dissipation and fractal dimension of jointed specimens. [PERSON] et al. [27] investigated the impact of strain rate and penetration angle of joints on the failure mode, energy transfer, and dissipation law of simulated rock materials. [PERSON] et al. [28] and [PERSON] et al. [29] researched the effect of joint thickness on the dynamic characteristics of rocks through similar material model experiments. [PERSON] et al. [30] tested the dynamic compression mechanical properties of prefabricated fractured sandstone specimens with different angles and found that the fracture morphology at an inclination angle of 45\({}^{\circ}\) was the largest. [PERSON] et al. [31; 32] studied the effect of the through joint angle on the wave characteristics and energy dissipation of rock-like materials. In order to research the effect of joint rock parameters on rock failure, [PERSON] et al. [33; 34; 35] explored the mechanical properties of jointed rocks using uniaxial compression tests by presetting joints with different angles in simulated materials. [PERSON] et al. [36] conducted dynamic tests on natural rock joints using Ryoke gneiss to reveal the mechanical properties of natural joints and concluded that rock joint surface conditions such as roughness, hardness, and degree of weathering have significant effects on shear strength. In the past research, scholars have paid extensive attention to the influence of jointed fractures in rock masses on the dynamic mechanical properties and failure mechanism. Nevertheless, there is a lack of in-depth research investigating the combined effects of joint roughness and inclination on the dynamic characteristics of jointed rocks. It has been pointed out that both joint roughness and inclination have a significant influence on the mechanical behavior of rocks, stress wave propagation, and specimen failure process.