## 4 Defense Strategies Against Deliberate Attacks on IECPS
### Preemptive Prevention
#### 4.1.3 Emergency Defense Resource Planning  
Given the challenges associated with executing large-scale physical attacks, some attackers may proactively initiate deliberate assaults during extreme disaster events to disrupt the normal course of rescue and relief operations. When confronted with the imminent threat of an extreme disaster, heightened attention must be given to the possibility of deliberate attacks. Studies have shown that during natural disasters, the risk of an integrated energy system collapse increases significantly when attackers execute deliberate human-based assaults [97]. Figure 11 illustrates the pre-event emergency defense resource planning framework, which is composed of three parts: system perception, risk warning, and emergency resource allocation. First, emergency resource planning is based on accurate system perception, which requires strengthening the control center's ability to collect and process various key information of the system. In [98], a multi-state model is formulated to accurately capture the power output of wind turbines by analyzing the comprehensive uncertainty of wind speed, which greatly improves the situational awareness of the wind power system. A multi-failure coordination strategy incorporating transportation information was introduced in [99] to use real-time information about transportation for system optimization. In [100], the wind speed, rainfall rate, and ice load at the transmission line were calculated based on a weather model, and the relationship between the ice load and the line failure rate was obtained by curve fitting. However, for complex heterogeneous system like IECPS, which contains multi-energy flow characteristics [101], the above power system-oriented perception methods cannot meet the interaction needs of various subsystems due to the strong coupling of various types of sensing data. Secondly, it is imperative to enhance the system's risk assessment and early warning capabilities. Timely detection and early warning of extreme disasters provide the dispatch center with sufficient lead time to deploy emergency resources, thereby significantly reducing potential system losses. In [102], a multi-indicator approach for predicting landslides is proposed, enabling accurate forecasting of landslide occurrences. In [103], an early warning system for various geohazards is developed, utilizing a high-performance water-sensitive bio-ion battery to provide timely alerts regarding soil seepage. In [104], from the perspective of multivariate information fusion, distribution network uncertainties, and other contributing factors are synthesized, leading to the development of a distribution network disaster resilience index system and a predictive model, thereby enhancing the early warning capabilities for distribution network disasters. In [105], the impact of typhoon-induced rainstorms on the failure probability of electrical equipment is analyzed, and a spatio-temporal early warning methodology for natural disasters is proposed, capable of predicting the spatio-temporal evolution of these disasters and performing quantitative analysis on the failure rates of transmission line components. Finally, emergency defense resources are deployed in advance through a scientific and reasonable emergency resource allocation strategy. In [106], it is proposed to deploy mobile energy storage in advance at key grid locations, enabling rapid power supply to the microgrid after a fault, thereby preventing serious consequences due to power shortage. In [107], an ex-ante optimization model incorporating mobile energy storage, liquefied gas storage, and pipelines/lines is proposed with the objective of minimizing load losses. In [108], a pre-disaster cooperative scheduling strategy that takes into account line reinforcement, fixed/mobile generators, and mobile gas storage tanks in concert is proposed for an integrated electric-gas energy system.