## 1 Introduction  
The vastness of cosmic space is filled with all kinds of particles, including the solar wind, cosmic rays, and the Earth's radiation belts, so various satellite platforms are exposed to space radiation. By studying the composition, energy spectrum, and direction of charged particles in the universe, as well as the changes in particles in space and time, one can obtain important information on the origin of particles, acceleration and propagation processes, lifetimes, and dynamical processes. In addition, the effects of space radiation on various space vehicles and astronauts should not be underestimated, as they can cause electronic equipment malfunctions, interfere with communications, damage electronic components, and jeopardize human health. Therefore, it is crucial to study the physical properties of particles in the space environment, and particle identification is one of the key aspects. Through particle identification, information such as the type, energy, and flux of particles can be determined to assess their impact on spacecraft and astronauts, and it can be used to formulate corresponding protective measures to safeguard the safety and health of spacecraft and astronauts. Particle identification is therefore of great importance in the fields of science and engineering [1]. At the present stage, spaceborne particle identification mainly includes several commonly used methods:The first is the detector telescope method [2] (\(\Delta\)E-E). The main principle is to use one or more pieces of solid-state detectors (SSDs) to form a stack. If the first piece of the sensor is thin enough, the particle deposition energy \(\Delta\)E can be measured after the particles' penetration. The second (or multiple) sensors are thick enough to fully absorb the remaining energy of the particles, allowing the total particle energy E to be measured. Particle species can then be distinguished using a two-dimensional spectrum. The detector telescope method is simple, reliable, and widely used in practical engineering applications. However, it requires particles to lose very little energy in the transmission detector, making it less suitable for heavier particles, and the necessary corrections can be troublesome. 2. The second method is the electrostatic analysis time-of-flight method [3] (ESA-TOF). This method uses an electrostatic analyzer (ESA) to screen the energy-charge ratio (E/q) of incident ions based on the scanning voltage (V), and then combines it with the time-of-flight method to obtain the mass-charge ratio of the ions. Electrostatic analyzers are often used to test charged particles or neutral atoms with lower energies. However, due to the spatial limitations of onboard equipment, detecting medium- and high-energy particles requires a substantial increase in the physical structure, which cannot be realized in orbit. 3. The third method is the time-of-flight energy method [4] (TOF \(\times\) E). The basic principle is based on the particle energy formula, where the particle energy E is measured, and the velocity v can be obtained from the particle's mass, thereby determining the type. TOF \(\times\) E is particularly effective for identifying light particles, especially low-energy light particles. As the particle mass increases, the differences in mass decrease, making it more difficult to discriminate between them. Additionally, for homogeneous isotopes (i.e., nuclides with the same mass number but different atomic numbers), the time-of-flight method alone cannot identify them; it must be combined with other methods for reliable identification. 4. The fourth method is the semiconductor sensor rising-edge energy method [5] (PSA \(\times\) E) or the scintillator detector waveform analysis method [6,7]. This method uses the pulsed waveforms generated by charged particles in the semiconductor sensor. High-speed digital acquisition technology is used to produce a two-dimensional spectrogram of energy (E) versus rising-edge time for particle identification.