# Development on Solid Polymer Electrolytes for Electrochemical Devices
## 3 Basic Solid Polymer Electrolytes
### Strategies to Improve Ionic Conductivity of SPEs
#### 3.2.5 Plasticized Solid Polymer Electrolytes
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Electrolyte System** & \begin{tabular}{c} **Preparation** \\ **Method** \\ \end{tabular} & \begin{tabular}{c} **Conductivity, \(\sigma\)** \\ **(S cm\({}^{-1}\))** \\ \end{tabular} & **Important Findings** & **Reference** \\ \hline PMMA-LiClO\({}_{4}\)-PC [MMA]/[Li] = 4:1 & Solution casting & \(3.52\times 10^{-5}\) (\(30\)\({}^{\circ}\)C) & \begin{tabular}{c} \(E_{A}\) = 0.11 eV \\ Conduction and relaxation via \\ hopping mechanism \\ \end{tabular} & [118] \\ \hline PVA-LiClO\({}_{4}\)-DMP (30:10:60) & Solution casting & \(0.15\times 10^{-3}\) (\(29\)\({}^{\circ}\)C) & \begin{tabular}{c} Conductivity-temperature relation \\ obeys Vogel-Tamman-Fulcher \\ (VTF) rule \\ \end{tabular} & [119] \\ \hline PVA-LiCF\({}_{3}\)SO\({}_{3}\)-DMP (30:10:60) & Solution casting & \(\sim\)6.35 \(\times 10^{-5}\) (\(29\)\({}^{\circ}\)C) & \begin{tabular}{c} Conductivity-temperature relation \\ obeys Vogel-Tamman-Fulcher \\ (VTF) rule \\ \end{tabular} & [119] \\ \hline PVA-LiBF\({}_{4}\)-DMP (30:10:60) & Solution casting & \(\sim\)1.66 \(\times 10^{-5}\) (\(29\)\({}^{\circ}\)C) & \begin{tabular}{c} Conductivity-temperature relation \\ obeys Vogel-Tamman-Fulcher \\ (VTF) rule \\ \end{tabular} & [119] \\ \hline PEO-LiCF\({}_{3}\)SO\({}_{3}\)-15 wt.\% & Ball-milling and hot & \(1.71\times 10^{-5}\) & \(T_{g}=-55.8\)\({}^{\circ}\)C; \%\(\times\)\(\times\)\(31.6\%\) & [38] \\ PEG (M\({}_{w}\) PEG 6000) & press & \(1.76\times 10^{-4}\) & \(T_{g}=-63.9\)\({}^{\circ}\)C; \%\(\times\)\(\times\)\(23.1\%\) & [38] \\ \hline PEO-LiCF\({}_{3}\)SO\({}_{3}\)-20 wt.\% & Solution casting & \(8.12\times 10^{-5}\) (\(25\)\({}^{\circ}\)C) & \begin{tabular}{c} \(T_{g}=-70.5\)\({}^{\circ}\)C; \%\(\times\)\(\times\)\(31.3\%\) \\ Without plasticizer: \\ \(\sigma=2.89\times 10^{-5}\) S cm\({}^{-1}\) (\(25\)\({}^{\circ}\)C) \\ \(T_{g}=-69.0\)\({}^{\circ}\)C; \%\(\times\)\(\times\)\(31.7\%\) \\ \end{tabular} & [120] \\ \hline Corn starch-LiPF\({}_{6}\)-BmImTf & Solution casting & \(6.00\times 10^{-4}\) (\(80\)\({}^{\circ}\)C) & \begin{tabular}{c} \(E_{A}\) = 0.01 eV; \(T_{g}=-29\)\({}^{\circ}\)C \\ Without plasticizer: \\ \(\sigma=-10^{-6}\) S cm\({}^{-1}\) (\(80\)\({}^{\circ}\)C) \\ \(E_{A}\) = 0.13 eV; \(T_{g}=-19\)\({}^{\circ}\)C \\ \end{tabular} & [121] \\ \hline CMC-LiBF\({}_{4}\)-glycerol & Solution casting & \(3.70\times 10^{-3}\) (\(25\)\({}^{\circ}\)C) & \begin{tabular}{c} \(T_{g}=54\)\({}^{\circ}\)C \\ \(T_{g}\) of CMC film = 87\({}^{\circ}\)C \\ Without glycerol: \\ \(\sigma=8.20\times 10^{-6}\) S cm\({}^{-1}\) (\(25\)\({}^{\circ}\)C) \\ \end{tabular} & [122] \\ \hline PVA-CH\({}_{3}\)COONH\({}_{4}\)- & Solution casting & \(9.63\times 10^{-5}\) (\(25\)\({}^{\circ}\)C) & \begin{tabular}{c} \(E_{A}\) = 6.68 meV; \%\(\times\)\(\times\)\(22\)\({}^{\circ}\) \\ \(D^{+}\) = \(9.80\times 10^{-12}\) cm\({}^{2}\) s\({}^{-1}\) \\ EDLC at scan rate 10 mV s\({}^{-1}\), \\ 200 th cycle: \\ Specific capacitance = 44.46 F g\({}^{-1}\) \\ Power density = 47.66 kW kg\({}^{-1}\) \\ Without BmImI: \\ \(\sigma=1.94\times 10^{-5}\) S cm\({}^{-1}\) (\(25\)\({}^{\circ}\)C) \\ \end{tabular} & [123] \\ \hline Chitosan-NH\({}_{4}\)I-BmImI & Solution casting & \(3.43\times 10^{-5}\) (\(27\)\({}^{\circ}\)C) & \
\begin{tabular}{c} \(E_{A}\) = 0.25 eV \\ N3/TiO\({}_{2}\)/SPE/Pt DSSC (light intensity of 100 mW cm\({}^{-2}\)): \\ OCV = 0.58 V; \(J_{sc}\) = 3.10 mA cm\({}^{-2}\); \\ _FF_ = 0.41; \(\eta\) = 0.74\% \\ Without BmImI: \\ \(\sigma=3.73\times 10^{-7}\) S cm\({}^{-1}\) (\(27\)\({}^{\circ}\)C) \\ \end{tabular} & [124] \\ \hline PEO-LiTFSI-30 wt.\% & \(T_{g}=-46.21\)\({}^{\circ}\)C &
\begin{tabular}{c} \(T_{g}\) = \(-\)6.2\({}^{\circ}\)C \\ Without TCNE: \\ \(\sigma=1.21\times 10^{-5}\) S cm\({}^{-1}\) (\(25\)\({}^{\circ}\)C) \\ \(T_{g}=-43.03\)\({}^{\circ}\)C \\ \end{tabular} & [125] \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
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