# Ecotoxicological Assessment of Soils Reclaimed with Waste
## 3 Results
### Phytotoxicity Assessment Using the Phytotoxikit Test  
In the conducted studies, a control root length of 2 cm was used, which was a reference point for assessing the effect of recultivation (Table 3). In the non-recultivated sample (variant 1), the highest degree of root growth inhibition was noted, reaching 75%. The gradual introduction of recultivation treatments led to a systematic reduction in the GI value. Variants containing lime and mineral fertilizers (variant 2) showed 50% growth inhibition, while additives in the form of sewage sludge (variants 3 and 4) significantly reduced toxicity, reaching 35% and 10% GI, respectively. Even lower GI values were noted in the variants containing mineral wool (variants 5-8). The lowest growth inhibition values, around 5%, were observed in variants 6 and 8, where comprehensive reclamation was applied, including liming, sewage sludge, and a large-volume layer of mineral wool. Root growth inhibition is a sensitive and simple indicator of the biological effectiveness of remediation. The results confirm that the most effective remediation actions are \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{l c c c c c c c c c} \hline \hline \multicolumn{1}{c}{**No.**} & \multicolumn{3}{c}{**Reclamation Variant**} & \multicolumn{3}{c}{**A**} & \multicolumn{3}{c}{**B1**} & \multicolumn{3}{c}{**B2**} & \multicolumn{3}{c}{**B3**} & \multicolumn{3}{c}{**Mean B**} & \multicolumn{3}{c}{**GI\({}_{\mathbf{1}}\)**} & \multicolumn{3}{c}{**GI\({}_{\mathbf{2}}\)**} & \multicolumn{3}{c}{**GI\({}_{\mathbf{3}}\)**} & \multicolumn{3}{c}{**Mean GI**} \\ \hline
1. & Degraded soil & 2.00 & 0.50 & 0.50 & 0.40 & 0.47 & 75.00 & 75.00 & 80.00 & 76.67 \\ \hline
2. & Degraded soil + lime + NPK & 2.00 & 1.00 & 0.90 & 1.00 & 0.97 & 50.00 & 55.00 & 50.00 & 51.67 \\ \hline
3. & Degraded soil + lime + sewage & 2.00 & 1.30 & 1.20 & 1.30 & 1.27 & 35.00 & 40.00 & 35.00 & 36.67 \\  & sludge 100 Mg:ha\({}^{-1}\) & & & & & & & & & \\ \hline
4. & Degraded soil + sewage sludge & 2.00 & 1.80 & 1.50 & 1.60 & 1.63 & 10.00 & 25.00 & 20.00 & 18.33 \\  & 100 Mg:ha\({}^{-1}\) & & & & & & & & & \\ \hline
5. & Degraded soil + wool 5 cm/40 cm & 2.00 & 1.70 & 1.60 & 1.50 & 1.60 & 15.00 & 20.00 & 25.00 & 20.00 \\  & + lime + NPK & & & & & & & & & \\ \hline
6. & Degraded soil + wool 5 cm/40 cm & 2.00 & 1.90 & 1.80 & 1.80 & 1.83 & 5.00 & 10.00 & 10.00 & 8.33 \\  & + lime + sewage sludge 100 Mg:ha\({}^{-1}\) & & & & & & & & & \\ \hline
7. & Degraded soil + lime + NPK + wool & 2.00 & 1.80 & 1.80 & 1.90 & 1.83 & 10.00 & 10.00 & 5.00 & 8.33 \\  & 400 m\({}^{3}\):ha\({}^{-1}\) & & & & & & & & & \\ \hline
8. & Degraded soil + lime + wool & & & & & & & & & \\ \multicolumn{1}{c}{400 m\({}^{3}\):ha\({}^{-1}\) + sewage sludge} & 2.00 & 1.90 & 1.80 & 1.70 & 1.80 & 5.00 & 10.00 & 15.00 & 10.00 \\  & 100 Mg:ha\({}^{-1}\) & & & & & & & & & \\ \hline \multicolumn{1}{c}{Average between reclamation variants} & 1.49 & 1.39 & 1.40 & 1.43 & 25.63 & 30.63 & 30.00 & 28.75 \\ \hline \multicolumn{1}{c}{Standard deviation} & 0.48 & 0.45 & 0.46 & 0.46 & 23.91 & 22.56 & 23.18 & 23.06 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 3: Inhibition of plant root growth. those that combine improvements in pH (lime), increases in organic matter and nutrients (sewage sludge), and enhancements in soil structure and sorption properties (mineral wool) (Table 3). Phytotoxicity analysis conducted using the bioindicative method showed significant differences in the level of toxicity between remediation variants (Table 4). In the control sample, which included degraded soil without additives (variant 1), a high mortality rate of test organisms was observed at a level of 200%. The introduction of lime and mineral fertilizers (NPK) (variant 2) only slightly improved survival (250%). The use of sewage sludge at a dose of 100 Mg:ha\({}^{-1}\), both alone (variant 4) and in combination with liming (variant 3), significantly improved the survival of test organisms (500% and 333.3%, respectively).