## 4 Phases to Implement Proposed Research Methodology
### Conduct the Course
#### 4.2.1 Introduce Agile Methodologies  
Since the main guiding point for action research is the development of the skills and capacities of all parties involved in the research, it was decided to implement good industrial practices in the course implementation. Thus, it will be aligned with other important educational goals that emerged due to new industrial needs. At the same time, the new educational paradigm expects teachers to use the modern digital infrastructure and technologies with the aim to transform the teaching process. This approach, known as Education 4.0, is compatible with digital transformation, which is at the core of Industry 4.0 [33; 34]. Keeping in mind the previously stated, it was decided to deliver the course through the implementation of agile methodologies, as they were the most common approach used in the information technology industry at the time of the research. In this way, all important aspects of the digital transformation process [35] will be covered. The main reason for the development of the agile approach was that the software engineering process has not been compatible with traditional business approaches. Software development used iterative and interactive interactions, so classical approaches created overheads in development and did not provide the necessary adaptability of the process [36]. A set of four values and 12 principles, the core of agile, were presented by an alliance of 17 engineers and consultants in the \"Agile Software Development Manifesto\" [37]. These values and principles provide the basis to guide the software development process [38] and distinguish any method with the agility feature. Agile methodologies, developed over time, encompass a range of processes that align with the core principles and values of the agile philosophy. Each methodology comprises a unique set of practices, which dictate the daily activities of software developers. These practices and terminologies vary across different agile methods, distinguishing one from the other. However, they all share a common foundation in developing software through iterative and incremental processes [39; 40]. Throughout the research, the Scrum approach was implemented since most of the companies in implementation have been using this agile methodology. This will ease the process of the student onboarding into jobs after the completion of their studies. Scrum is the implementation of the framework for project management, adapted for the iterative software development process. Since this approach is relatively simple and focused on software management rather than technical software development, it can be used as the backbone for delivering the assignments during the course [41]. Scrum, as a methodology, has three phases: the initial phase, the development one, and the closure one. In the initial phase, the general objectives of the planned assignment are outlined. It also defines the members of project teams and the required tools and resources. The result of this phase is called an iteration. In this phase, the product backlog for documenting teacher assignments as user stories was defined. User stories are based on a simple pseudocode:  
<User> wants to <Have> so that <Benefit>. The requirements are then analyzed and prioritized by the product owner; in this case, this role was taken on by teaching assistants. The product backlog is a live document that can be updated regularly. The second phase of Scrum consists of sprints. This phase involves a series of cycles, each 4 weeks long, with each sprint producing one product based on assignment as a result. Each sprint includes all the software development phases, from requirements analysis, through design, to the final delivery phase after review. A sprint starts with an initial meeting between the teacher (product owner) and the students (team). In this meeting, user stories are defined, and then the sprint begins. During the sprint, students have 15 min Scrum meetings daily. After the sprint, there is a sprint review meeting and a sprint retrospective [42].