# Water Gender Indicators in Agriculture: A Study of
## 3 Results
### Indicator Values  
In Table 4, the percentages (as decimal number) of the respondents for each indicator composing the five macro-categories of analysis (e.g., social, plot, water, water technique, economic) are calculated. Unfortunately, despite our desirable aim, from Table 4, it clearly emerges how, during the research, it was not possible to investigate the class age, the educational level and the access to previous training sessions of the sample because, as already mentioned, the proposed indicators were elaborated after \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c} \hline \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**Category**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**Indicators**} & \multicolumn{3}{c}{**Organization (\%)**} \\ \cline{3-5}  & & **Women** & **Men** & **Mixed** \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{_Social_} & 15 \textless{} age \textless{} 65 & n.a. & n.a. & n.a. \\  & At least I level education & n.a. & n.a. & n.a. \\  & Technical training & n.a. & n.a. & n.a. \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{_Plot_} & Plot distance \textless{} 500 m (from the village) & 0.58 & 0.92 & 0.59 \\  & Group perimeter property (or village) & 0.47 & 0.46 & 0.52 \\  & Group plot distribution (not individual) & 0.30 & 0.15 & 0.30 \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{_Water_} & Pump presence & 0.51 & 0.92 & 0.85 \\  & Improved irrigation system (drip or other) & 0.07 & 0.54 & 0.46 \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{_Water_} & Reservoir (to facilitate the irrigation) & 0.53 & 0.69 & 0.57 \\  & Mixed water use (domestic and irrigation) & 0.74 & 0.69 & 0.67 \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{_Economic_} & Agricultural product selling & 0.65 & 0.92 & 0.93 \\  & Fertilizer purchase & 0.58 & 0.85 & 0.89 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 4: The indicators values, divided by women, men and mixed farmer organizations. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c} \hline \hline \multicolumn{1}{c}{**FO Type**} & **Average Number of Members** & **Standard Deviation** & **Max** & **Min** \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{_Women_} & 67 & 41 & 200 & 10 \\  & 30 & 25 & 65 & 4 \\  & 31 & 41 & 320 & 2 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 3: Average number of members of the selected FOs. the end of the questionnaires' submission and the social information was not directly included within such questionnaires. Nonetheless, the unavailability of this type of social information and, thanks to the latest national statistical surveys, during the study, it was possible to extrapolate some key gender socio-economic data disaggregated at national and regional levels but not at the farmer organizations' scale. Considering the education rates, in the three surveyed regions, women recorded a lower literacy rate (ranging from 23.9% of Diourbel to 43% of Thies). Conversely, the literacy rate of men varied between about 55% (Diourbel) and 67.5% (Thies) [73]. Another outcome concerned the different levels of input ownership fulfilled by Senegalese women, which appear, generally, poorly represented in the access to agricultural equipment: only 1.3% belong to women, compared with 98.7% for men. Moreover, women are slightly more present in joint-owned plots (5.2%) compared to 94.8% of men [74]. From the results analysis, it emerges how the women organizations appear the weakest, especially in relation to the water technique indicators, with a very low value regarding the improved irrigation systems (namely 7% against 54% of men and 46% of mixed). In addition, even the pumps system is present in only 51% of the surveyed women organizations, whereas this is almost always present within the men's organizations. The quite widespread absence of pumps within the women groups is generally translated into an increased workload and labor for women, and we are obliged to use buckets and/or watering cans to irrigate. On the other hand, women and men organizations show similar percentages on other water management issues: 53% of women have a reservoir against 69% of men, while the water use (both for domestic and irrigation purposes) is performed by 74% of women organizations and 69% of men.