## 1 Introduction  
One advanced composite material that stands out because of its innovative nature is Carbon Fiber-Reinforced Polymer (CFRP). It combines lightweight properties with a unique strength and versatility [1]. CFRP is a versatile material with key characteristics that redefine its applications across industries [2]. This material's adaptability and reliability continue to fuel advancements across the aerospace, automotive, construction, and medical domains [3, 4]. Its strength-to-weight ratio is superior to that of traditional materials, making it applicable in the aerospace industry, where lightweight components like wings and fuselage sections contribute to fuel efficiency [5]. CFRP's influence extends to the automotive sector, transforming vehicle design by reducing the weight of body panels and chassis components, thereby enhancing fuel efficiency and maneuverability [6]. In civil engineering, CFRP reinforces structures, ensuring resilience against environmental factors in bridges and buildings [7]. In the medical field, CFRP is used in advanced prosthetics and orthopedic devices, where its strength combines with its lightweight properties for optimal patient comfort [8]. Due to the abrasive wear caused by carbon fibers on cutting tools, CFRP composites are commonly regarded as difficult-to-cut materials [9]. Using inappropriate technologies for machining CFRPs often leads to the emergence of composite-specific geometric defects [10]. These defects may include machining-induced delamination, burrs, fiber fragmentation, fiber pull-out, matrix degradation (such as cracking, smearing, and burning), and fiber-matrix debonding [3; 9; 10]. The careful selection of technology is important in CFRP manufacturing to prevent the necessity of costly and time-consuming post-machining procedures or component rejection [11]. Abrasive Waterjet Cutting (AWJC) is a machining technique employing a high-pressure stream of water infused with abrasive particles to cut through diverse materials [12]. The process involves pressurizing water, propelling it through a small orifice to form a high-speed jet. The introduction of abrasive particles, such as garnet or aluminum oxide, into the jet stream increases its cutting capacity (Figure 1a). Directed onto the material, the Abrasive Waterjet (AWJ) erodes the substrate, facilitating the creation of complex and precise shapes [5; 13]. The following main geometrical kerr characteristics are presented in Figure 1b: the width, taper, and top radius. The AWJ cut surface is categorized into three zones: the initial damage zone (IDZ), the smooth cutting zone (SCZ), and the rough cutting zone (RCZ) (Figure 1c) [10]. AWJC can be used to cut metals, composites, ceramics, and stone [14]. AWJ processing offers several advantages over traditional methods like milling or laser cutting for CRFP machining. One of the most significant benefits is that it is a non-thermal process, which eliminates the formation of heat-affected zones and minimizes the risk of thermal distortion or material degradation [10; 11]. One of the main damage mechanisms in high-temperature applications is the thermal degradation of the polymer matrix, leading to the deterioration of mechanical properties and the formation of porosities [15]. These porosities can significantly affect the post-processing structural integrity of both the composite material and composite/metal joints by causing delamination [10; 15]. Cost-effectiveness is another key advantage of AWJ processing. It often provides low prices with shorter processing times due to its high cutting speed and ability to handle a variety of materials without the need for tool changes or extensive setup adjustments. This efficiency translates into lower operational costs and an increased throughput, making it an attractive option for both small-scale and large-scale manufacturing operations [5; 10; 16].