###### Abstract  
Guided tissue regeneration (GTR) membranes are pivotal in regenerative medicine. While their effectiveness is established in general populations, their application in immunocompromised patients, such as those with diabetes or cancer, remains underexplored. This review evaluated evidence on GTR membranes in immunocompromised settings, focusing on their mechanisms, outcomes, and challenges posed by systemic conditions. A systematic search identified studies on GTR use in these populations. Inclusion criteria were peer-reviewed articles in English on human samples or relevant preclinical models. Of 218 articles, 5 met the criteria. These highlighted advancements in GTR technologies, such as stem cell integration, growth factor-enriched scaffolds, and scaffold-free tissue engineering. Stem cell-based approaches improved regeneration, especially with biomimetic designs incorporating bone morphogenetic protein-2. Innovations like microcavity-rich scaffolds enhanced angiogenesis and osteogenesis, while scaffold-free constructs minimized immunogenicity and supported functional tissue regeneration. Preclinical models demonstrated GTR membranes' potential for addressing large-scale tissue deficits in compromised environments. GTR membranes show promise for immunocompromised patients, but further research is needed to validate their clinical efficacy, address patient-specific challenges, and evaluate long-term outcomes. These technologies could transform regenerative medicine, providing sustainable solutions for high-risk populations. guided tissue regeneration; immunocompromised patients; diabetes; cancer; regenerative medicine 2020 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Biomedical Engineering and Biomedical Engineering and Biomedical Engineering and Biomedical Engineering and Biomedical Engineering and Biomedical Engineering and Biomedical Engineering and Biomedical Engineering and Biomedical Engineering Engineering and Biomedical Engineering Engineering and Biomedical Engineering Engineering and Biomedical Engineering Engineering and Biomedical Engineering Engineering Engineering and Biomedical Engineering Engineering Engineering and Biomedical Engineering Engineering Engineering and Biomedical  
surgical removal [4]. Non-resorbable membranes, such as those made of expanded polytetrafluoroethylene, provide robust mechanical support and durability but require additional surgical procedures for removal [5]. These technologies have demonstrated considerable efficacy in enhancing wound healing and tissue repair, particularly in periodontal and bone regeneration [6]. However, despite these advancements, their application in high-risk populations, including immunocompromised individuals, remains insufficiently studied and represents a critical gap in the current literature. The importance of GTR extends beyond conventional applications, as it offers a targeted and potentially transformative approach to addressing complex tissue defects in patients with compromised health. Among high-risk populations, individuals with diabetes mellitus and cancer present unique challenges that complicate tissue healing and regenerative outcomes [7]. Diabetes mellitus, characterized by chronic hyperglycemia, is a metabolic disorder associated with a cascade of physiological impairments that hinder wound healing [8]. Elevated blood glucose levels disrupt critical processes such as collagen synthesis, angiogenesis, and re-epithelialization [9]. These disruptions are compounded by persistent low-grade inflammation, which further impairs the body's natural repair mechanisms [10]. Additionally, hyperglycemia has been shown to alter macrophage function, resulting in delayed resolution of inflammation and an increased risk of chronic wound development [11]. Similarly, cancer patients, particularly those undergoing chemotherapy or radiotherapy, face significant barriers to healing due to their immunosuppressive state [12].