## 4 Results
### Review Papers and Application Fields
#### 4.6.7 MCDA and Other Fields  
Based on the distribution of the reviewed papers (Tables 1 and 2), some focused on the following scientific areas, which address significant environmental issues. The following is a breakdown of the reviewed papers by topic category. _Agriculture_--[PERSON] et al. [126] found that numerous scientific journals published relevant studies indicating a practical interest in real-world case studies. It seems that, in recent years, the combination of MCDA and life cycle assessment tools has increasingly been employed, with a particular focus on applications in agriculture and forestry. [PERSON] et al. [129] studied the use of MCDA in land allocation problems, which are inherently complex. They concluded that the hybrid MCDA approach is the preferred option as it enhances the efficiency of finding the best feasible solution. [PERSON] et al. [127] explored the application of MCDA in rural spatial sustainability assessment, concluding that combining MCDA with interdisciplinary software or tools improves the accuracy of rural spatial assessment. AHP was found to be the method with the most applications, while a hybrid MCDA approach was the most preferred option. [PERSON] et al. [128] reviewed applications of MCDA for land suitability with reference to neglected and underutilised crop species. The study found that AHP and fuzzy MCDA are commonly used in land suitability methods. However, the authors concluded that all land suitability analysis approaches have limitations and require careful testing and evaluation before implementation. _Nature conservation_--[PERSON] and [PERSON] [131] conducted a literature review on nature conservation and found that MCDA is often used in conjunction with other techniques, such as GIS and participatory approaches. These techniques include data derived from surveys or modelling, as well as information obtained through stakeholder engagement. The authors also emphasised the importance of accurately structuring the problem to be evaluated using MCDA. [PERSON] et al. [132] studied the application of MCDA, comparative risk assessment, and adaptive management to environmental remediation. They concluded that this approach provides an effective framework for managing environmental challenges, enabling structured decision making and allowing for adjustments based on performance. [PERSON] and [PERSON] [130] examined the management of protected areas and found that incorporating principles of good governance through participatory MCDA can be facilitated. They also noted that certain MCDA methods are more suitable for addressing specific problems in protected areas. _Engineering_--[PERSON] et al. [133] investigated the applications of MCDA in sustainable engineering and found it to be useful in the civil engineering and infrastructure field. MCDA methods can aid in the construction of structures and roads and in resolving selection problems. The researchers plan to expand their studies to hybrid MCDA models and improve current techniques. [PERSON] et al. [134] suggested, that when assessing sustainability in a long-term context involving multiple stakeholders, such as infrastructure planning, the implementation of MCDA techniques is the most suitable approach comparedto other methods, such as single- or multi-objective optimisation. Moreover, it has been argued that MCDA plays a crucial role in evaluating sustainability, particularly since the United Nations formulated the Sustainable Development Goals in 2015. [PERSON] [135] conducted a study exploring the application of MCDA in the field of urban and architectural sustainability. The study found that MCDA methods, specifically AHP, are useful in aiding decision making for sustainable urban and architectural projects. However, the study indicated a lack of strong justification for the selection of a particular MCDA method, which did not take into account the characteristics of the problem and the rationale behind the choice of criteria weighting and trade-offs.