## 1 Introduction
The calculation formulas obtained from the above research are more suitable for their respective conditions. The calculation formulas of wave uplift obtained by scholars can be roughly divided into two views: one is that the pressure on the plate is distributed according to the shape of the wave surface [11; 12; 13] (see Figure 1a), and the impact force on the plate can be calculated by Equation (3); the other is that, when the maximum impact pressure or uplift force occurs on the plate, the pressure on the plate is evenly distributed within a certain width [14; 15; 16; 17; 18; 19; 20] (see Figure 1b). However, the distribution width \(l\) assigned by different researchers is not the same. The calculated width of pressure \(l=L/4\) is used by [PERSON], while [PERSON] et al. believe 1 should be \(L/8\)-\(L/9\), so the relationship between the total pressure value of wave supporting force and the set elevation of the trestle deck can be expressed as in Equations (4)-(5):  
\[P=\beta\gamma B(\eta_{0}-\Delta h) \tag{3}\]  
\[P=\xi\gamma H\frac{L}{4}Btanh\frac{2\pi d}{L}\left[\frac{H}{\Delta h_{0}}- \frac{\Delta h_{0}}{H}\right] \tag{4}\]  
\[\Delta h_{0}=\Delta h-\frac{\pi H^{2}}{L}coth\left(\frac{2\pi d}{L}\right) \tag{5}\]  
where \(P\) is the wave impact force; \(\beta\) is the pressure response coefficient, which can be used when the width of the superstructure is less than 10 m (\(\beta=1.5\) when the width of the superstructure is large, or 2.0 when it is not); \(\Delta h\) is the superelevation; and \(\eta_{0}\) is the height of the wave crest on still water, which is calculated by the second-order Stokes wave theory. Figure 1: (**a**) Wave surface type wave impact force distribution and (**b**) uniform wave impact force distribution. It can be seen that the above calculation methods of wave crest height and panel impact force have established corresponding empirical formulas for their respective structures and boundary conditions, and the formula forms are quite different. When applied to specific projects, under the applicable conditions of various formulas, their calculated values can differ by several times or even more than 10-fold under working conditions (when the bottom of the transparent structure panel is between a simple type of flat plate and a complex structure with longitudinal and transverse beams). The transparent structure is between offshore and shore; the wave action is between non-overtopping and overtopping of the transparent structure panel, etc. Based on the above analysis, because the factors affecting the wave impact force of the deck are very complex, the vertical and horizontal beam system, pile cap, and pile foundation under the deck of the new structure wharf may have a greater impact on the wave shape and air layer under the deck; this must be kept in mind in order to obtain a reasonable calculation method suitable for the wave crest height and impact force of the structure. By carrying out physical model tests and setting a series of test groups with the aim of fully understanding the characteristics of the wave impact process of the new structure wharf panel, this paper establishes the relationship between the wave crest height and impact force and each influence factor, puts forward a calculation method and empirical formula, and gives a determination method for the new surface elevation based on the calculation formula. This provides technical support for the popularization and application of new structure engineering.