# Development and Finite Element Analysis of a Novel Bent Bone Plate
## 3 FEA Results and Discussion
### Flat Newly Developed Plate Design
#### 3.2.1 Bent Newly Developed Plate Design  
The newly developed plate is bent in the middle, with a bending angle ranging from 0\({}^{\circ}\) up to 50\({}^{\circ}\), with an interval of 10\({}^{\circ}\). The FEA performed on the bent plate is the same as the traditional flat plate and the newly developed flat plate, the result of which is shown in Figures 12-26, illustrating the total displacement, von Mises stress, and first principal strain. It is necessary to compare the bent newly developed plate to the flat newly developed plate and the traditional flat gate in order to see if there is any improvement in the bone plate. It  
Figure 8: First principal strain of traditional flat plate.  
Figure 9: Total displacement of newly developed plate.  
Bent, 20\({}^{\circ}\)  
The developed bone plate bent with a 20\({}^{\circ}\) bending angle shows a similar result to the bone plate bent at 10\({}^{\circ}\), as illustrated in Figures 15-17. When compared with the traditional flat plate, the newly developed plate bent at 20\({}^{\circ}\) shows a maximum displacement of about 38%, with the average almost 30% higher. However, the maximum von Mises stress and the  
Figure 14: First principal strain of newly developed plate bent for 10\({}^{\circ}\).  
Figure 12: Total displacement of newly developed plate bent for 10\({}^{\circ}\).  
Figure 13: Von Mises stress of newly developed plate bent for 10\({}^{\circ}\).  
Figure 19: Von Mises stress of newly developed plate bent for \(30^{\circ}\).  
Figure 17: First principal strain of newly developed plate bent for \(20^{\circ}\).  
Figure 18: Total displacement of newly developed plate bent for \(30^{\circ}\).  
Bent, 40\({}^{\circ}\)  
Figures 21-23 illustrate the simulation result of the newly developed bone plate, bent at 40\({}^{\circ}\). Similar with the 30\({}^{\circ}\) bent plate, the maximum displacement of the 40\({}^{\circ}\) bent plate is only 34%, and the average displacement is 134% of the traditional flat plate. Similarly, the maximum von Mises stress and first principal strain are only 21% and 15%, respectively, but the average value is 122% and 123% of the traditional flat plate, respectively. When compared with the newly developed flat plate, this plate has a maximum displacement of only 87%, maximum von Mises stress of only 51%, and maximum first principal strain of only 34%. The average displacement is 137%, while the average von Mises stress and average first principal strain are 122% and 129%, respectively, in contrast to the newly developed flat plate. Although there is improvement in the maximum value when compared with both the traditional flat plate and the newly developed flat plate, the average value is still greater than those two, which will make the bone plate not an ideal choice for clinical use.  
Figure 21: Total displacement of newly developed plate bent for 40\({}^{\circ}\).  
Figure 20: First principal strain of newly developed plate bent for 30\({}^{\circ}\).  
Bent, 50\({}^{\circ}\)  
Finally, the plate with a 50\({}^{\circ}\) bending angle has a result that can be seen in Figures 24-26. Generally, this plate has the highest displacement compared with the developed plate--both flat and bent--and the highest von Mises stress and first principal strain compared with all bone plates analyzed--including the traditional flat plate. This shows that this plate will not help much in a clinical situation and it might even worsen the patient's condition.