## 4 Result
### Causal Relationship among Determinants
The prominence vector (\(P_{i}=R_{i}+C_{i}\)) is plotted on the horizontal axis, and the net effect vector (\(E_{i}=R_{i}-C_{i}\)) is plotted on the vertical axis. In this manner, the causal relationship map is established and shown in Figure 3. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Determinants** & **DT1** & **DT2** & **DT3** & **DT4** & **DT5** & **DT6** & **DT7** & **DT8** & **DT9** & **DT10** \\ \hline
**DT1** & 0.3105 & 0.4928 & 0.4896 & 0.5232 & 0.2659 & 0.4099 & 0.4846 & 0.3826 & 0.3708 & 0.4558 \\
**DT2** & 0.3095 & 0.2978 & 0.3439 & 0.4659 & 0.2390 & 0.3990 & 0.4523 & 0.3020 & 0.3558 & 0.3272 \\
**DT3** & 0.3581 & 0.4395 & 0.3245 & 0.5106 & 0.2483 & 0.3591 & 0.4496 & 0.3993 & 0.3489 & 0.4296 \\
**DT4** & 0.3236 & 0.4226 & 0.3591 & 0.3613 & 0.2507 & 0.4421 & 0.4729 & 0.3035 & 0.4144 & 0.3449 \\
**DT5** & 0.5037 & 0.4898 & 0.5274 & 0.5423 & 0.2578 & 0.4126 & 0.5612 & 0.4602 & 0.5130 & 0.5158 \\
**DT6** & 0.4269 & 0.3971 & 0.4016 & 0.4968 & 0.3006 & 0.3251 & 0.5057 & 0.3803 & 0.4733 & 0.4145 \\
**DT7** & 0.3434 & 0.3938 & 0.4315 & 0.4413 & 0.3206 & 0.4263 & 0.3617 & 0.3182 & 0.3510 & 0.3601 \\
**DT8** & 0.4027 & 0.4131 & 0.4120 & 0.4893 & 0.2539 & 0.3492 & 0.4494 & 0.2843 & 0.4160 & 0.4377 \\
**DT9** & 0.4297 & 0.4786 & 0.5044 & 0.5265 & 0.2757 & 0.3866 & 0.5219 & 0.3526 & 0.3312 & 0.4600 \\
**DT10** & 0.2431 & 0.2662 & 0.3021 & 0.2994 & 0.1839 & 0.2457 & 0.3265 & 0.3148 & 0.2509 & 0.2230 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 6: The total relation matrix (T). \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Determinants** & **R** & **C** & **R + C** & **R - C** & **Cause/Effect** \\ \hline
**DT1** & 4.1857 & 3.6511 & 7.8368 & 0.5347 & Cause \\
**DT2** & 3.4924 & 4.0913 & 7.5837 & \(-\)0.5989 & Effect \\
**DT3** & 3.8676 & 4.0962 & 7.9638 & \(-\)0.2287 & Effect \\
**DT4** & 3.6950 & 4.6566 & 8.3515 & \(-\)0.9616 & Effect \\
**DT5** & 4.7839 & 2.5965 & 7.3803 & 2.1874 & Cause \\
**DT6** & 4.1219 & 3.7555 & 7.8774 & 0.3664 & Cause \\
**DT7** & 3.7479 & 4.8588 & 8.3337 & \(-\)0.8379 & Effect \\
**DT8** & 3.9075 & 3.4978 & 7.4053 & 0.4098 & Cause \\
**DT9** & 4.2671 & 3.8252 & 8.0923 & 0.4418 & Cause \\
**DT10** & 2.6556 & 3.9685 & 6.6241 & \(-\)1.3129 & Effect \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 7: Cause and effect of determinants of remanufacturing adoption for CE. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Determinants** & **DT1** & **DT2** & **DT3** & **DT4** & **DT5** & **DT6** & **DT7** & **DT8** & **DT9** & **DT10** \\ \hline
**DT1** & 0 & 0.1515 & 0.1566 & 0.1263 & 0.0404 & 0.0808 & 0.0909 & 0.0808 & 0.0404 & 0.1263 \\
**DT2** & 0.0455 & 0 & 0.0505 & 0.1414 & 0.0455 & 0.1263 & 0.1263 & 0.0556 & 0.0758 & 0.0455 \\
**DT3** & 0.0758 & 0.1212 & 0 & 0.1515 & 0.0404 & 0.0505 & 0.08859 & 0.1313 & 0.0404 & 0.1263 \\
**DT4** & 0.0404 & 0.1212 & 0.0455 & 0 & 0.0455 & 0.1616 & 0.1263 & 0.0404 & 0.1263 & 0.0455 \\
**DT5** & 0.1566 & 0.0808 & 0.1212 & 0.0808 & 0 & 0.0404 & 0.1162 & 0.1212 & 0.1566 & 0.1263 \\
**DT6** & 0.1212 & 0.0404 & 0.0404 & 0.1061 & 0.0808 & 0 & 0.1212 & 0.0909 & 0.1616 & 0.0758 \\
**DT7** & 0.0556 & 0.0808 & 0.1263 & 0.0808 & 0.1263 & 0.1465 & 0 & 0.0404 & 0.0455 & 0.0505 \\
**DT8** & 0.1212 & 0.0808 & 0.0808 & 0.1212 & 0.0455 & 0.0404 & 0.0808 & 0 & 0.1212 & 0.1263 \\
**DT9** & 0.1263 & 0.1212 & 0.1566 & 0.1212 & 0.0455 & 0.0455 & 0.1263 & 0.0404 & 0 & 0.1212 \\
**DT10** & 0.0404 & 0.0404 & 0.0808 & 0.0404 & 0.0404 & 0.0808 & 0.1313 & 0.0404 & 0 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 5: Normalized direct relation matrix (D). It is evident from Figure 3 that the determinants of remanufacturing for CE are categorized into cause and effect groups. Those determinants that fall above the x-axis are considered the cause group determinants, and those placed below the x-axis are considered effect group determinants. The cause group determinants have some influence on effect group determinants.