## Appendix A  
In the carbon emission market, the profit obtained by reducing carbon emission M is formulated as (A1). According to general economic principles, price and emission are negatively correlated linearly, i.e. expressed as formula (A2), which means the carbon emission of unit \(M\) can be reduced by purchasing renewable energy from unit \(E\). 1 kWh electricity is equivalent to about 0.78 kg of carbon emission in China, thus, the link between renewable energy generation and carbon emissions is formulated as (A3). Therefore, the relationship between carbon emission benefits and renewable energy generation in a certain period can be expressed as (A4). \[R(M)=P_{c}*M\] (A1)  
\[P_{c}=-aM+b\] (A2)  
\[M=\sigma*E_{\text{renewable}}^{t}\] (A3)  
\[H_{c}=a^{\prime}\overset{T}{\underset{t}{\sum}}E_{\text{renewable}}^{t}+b^{ \prime}\overset{T}{\underset{t}{\sum}}E_{\text{renewable}}^{t}\] (A4)  
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