# A Systematic Literature Review of LoRaWAN: Sensors and Applications
## 3 Results
### Other Works Analyzing Different Aspects of LoRaWAN
Additionally, the authors conclude that LoRaWAN is a promising technology for future IoT applications. In addition to this, in [58], an introduction to LoRa and LoRaWAN is presented where the different technical aspects of those technologies are studied, such as modulation and spread factor. The author also analyzes the different types of applications that use LoRa and LoRaWAN technologies, such as environmental monitoring, livestock tracking, fall detection, fire detection, home security, water monitoring, smart parking lots, smart irrigation, etc. Finally, in [60], projects with the potential to improve the quality of life of citizens by implementing the concept of smart cities are analyzed. Some of these projects were related to the remote monitoring of health, waste management, and public lighting using LEDs. The authors also highlight that the frequencies used by LoRaWAN can be used almost anywhere, and the experiments carried out showed that there could be a real coverage of 2.39 km in urban areas. Therefore, it is suggested to solve or mitigate local problems such as smart parking, counting the number of vehicles, or public lighting. Next, we discuss the performance studies of LoRaWAN. In [37], the advantages, disadvantages, and risks of adopting IoT devices are analyzed in two case studies. The case studies demonstrated that some of the organizational benefits were a reduction in costs, improvement in the speed and efficiency of the services by having information in real time, improvement in the organization's reputation, and the flexibility of the services. On the other hand, some of the found organizational risks were conflicts with data privacy, difficulty of interoperability and integration, and data security breaches. These risks and benefits are studied in relation to organizational conditions and consequences. In a similar way, in [62], the design of a LoRaWAN module together with a gateway is proposed, to facilitate data transmissions in a smart-city scenario. The usage mechanism consisted of four main steps. First, the RN2483 module was configured, and the communication messages were generated using Arduino Mega; second, the message from the module was transmitted to the gateway; third, the transmission of the message from the gateway to the server was executed; and fourth, the monitoring of the transmitted messages and the quality of the signal was performed. The proposed technology enabled reliable communications at a range of up to 6 km. The study was carried out using a 125 kHz bandwidth and a spreading factor (SF) of 7. The received signal strength indicator (RSSI) level ranged from 64 dBm to 111 dBm, while the theoretical value for SF7 was 123 dBm. Moreover, in [64], the authors talk about an experiment performed on a campus to measure connectivity and try to answer the question if LoRaWAN technology works well in a real environment. This experiment measured the RSSI (received signal strength indicator), SNR (signal-to-noise Ratio), and PDR (packet-delivery ratio) to assess the data delivery performance of LoRaWAN technology. The results showed that the RSSI decreasesdepending on the communication distance, while SNR remains stable with distance and PDR fluctuates significantly. Finally, we discuss the comparative studies where different LPWAN technologies are contrasted. In [35], a comparison of five technologies, i.e., NB-IoT, SigFox, Telensa, Ingenu, LoRa, is made. By comparing these five technologies, it is concluded that LoRa and SigFox have the longest device lifetime, best data adaptive rate, best network capacity, and lowest costs compared to the other technologies. On the other hand, this work also concludes that NB-IoT is the one with the best quality of service and the lowest latency time. On the other hand, in [40], three classes of devices of LoRaWAN are described, i.e., A, B, and C; subsequently, a study of the performance of class B devices is carried out compared to class A devices.