## 3 Proposed w-SMNO
The global leader (GL) is updated with the best-fit node to create the subgroups through greedy selection. This leader is questionable for the fission of the population to search for the relay node or food through the creation of subgroups of the population. After the finalization of the best relay node in later steps, the global leader fuses all the subgroups through fusion. * Step 3: Local leader selection (LLS) In the LLP, the global leader vehicle assigns the task of searching for the best information forwarder node, equivalent to sufficient food in the spider monkey method, to multiple local leaders (LLs) by creating subgroups of one-hop nodes from the experience of the local leader and group members. With the help of greedy selection, the local leader is updated as the best-fitting spider monkey or node in that local group. The fitness values of the newly identified forwarder node are calculated. * Step 4: Local relay identification The local leader monkey or node locally updates the old forwarder details selected with the new ones when it attains a new, higher fitness value. Relay or forwarder nodes through local leader subgroups are identified. * Step 5: Global relay identification From the set of relay nodes identified through the local leader in step 4, the global leader chooses the best fit candidate based on the computation of defined parameters for efficient dissemination. * Step 6: Relay finalization The best relay nodes are elected to disseminate the information to other hop. The search space is explored as the group members update their positions. There is a high perturbation in the initial iterations that later is reduced gradually. The optimization of the vehicle population corresponding to the spider monkeys is represented in the equations below. These equations represent the movements of nodes within search space; updating positions based on movement rules and the evaluation of fitness for the best candidate selection on a greedy basis, including speed and direction, supports guidance, representing the monkeys' exploration and exploitation. The proposed method ensures an even distribution of the available population (\(N\)) of monkeys. In the variable population (\(G\)), { \(G\geq 3\ |\ \in 3,4,5,\ldots N\) } is considered in the approach to achieve maximum real-time coverage. Each monkey specification comprises \(Q\) directional elements as variables in identifying adequate food sources (relay nodes). The Monkey Distribution function (\(MD_{(qn)}\)) is initialized for the \(q\)th dimension for the \(n\)th monkey, generating uniformly distributed random numbers between 0 and 1, having upper and lower bounds (\(LIB,LB\)), as shown in Equation (1). Subsequently, the monkeys'positions are adjusted based on their previous locations only when the ensuing solution surpasses the preceding one, as specified in Equation (2). The leader's (\(SL_{I}\)) position of the \(J\)th subgroup is then randomly chosen from the set \(I\in G\) and \(I\
eq q\). Additionally, the positions of the monkeys and subgroup leaders, including the Principal (Global) leader (\(PL_{q}\)), in the \(q\)th dimension are updated using Equation (3). \[MD_{(qn)}=LB(MD_{q})+R*[UB(MD_{q})+LB(MD_{q})]\ \ for\ \ R\in random[0,1] \tag{1}\]  
where \(q\in Q\) and \(n\in G\)  
\[Next(MD_{(qn)})=MD_{(qn)}+R*[SL_{Iq}-MD_{(qn)}]+R^{\prime}*[MD_{(In)}-MD_{(qn)}] \tag{2}\]  
\[Next(MD_{(qn)})=MD_{(qn)}+R*[PL_{Iq}-MD_{(qn)}]+R^{\prime}*[MD_{(In)}-MD_{(qn)}] \tag{3}\]  
where \(R^{\prime}\in[-1,1]\)  
Considering the node location with the coordinates \((X,Y,Z)\), ignoring \(Z\) for motion on the plane surface and \(\Delta Y\) for the vehicle lane change, the monkey's corresponding position in Equation (4) for the \(k\)th vehicle in \(t\) time is shown below. \[X_{k}(t+1)=X_{k}(t)+\Delta X_{k}(t) \tag{4}\]  
where \(X_{k}(t+1)\) is the next position in \((t+1)\) time, and \(X_{k}(t)\) is the current position of the \(k\)th monkey in \(t\) time, respectively. \(\Delta X_{k}(t)\) is the position variation to support parameters' computation.