## 3 Results
### Physiological Parameters
 } & \multicolumn{5}{c}{**Foliar Spray**} \\ \cline{2-6}  & **Non Treated** & **H2O** & **SA** & **MA** & **CA** \\ \cline{2-6}  & & & & **F0** & \\ \hline Control & 7780 \(\pm\) 309 a–c & 8300 \(\pm\) 710 a-c & 7965 \(\pm\) 253 a–c & 7813 \(\pm\) 246 a–c & 8713 \(\pm\) 196 c \\ PEG 5\% & 8523 \(\pm\) 862 bc & 8181 \(\pm\) 508 a–c & 8496 \(\pm\) 375 bc & 7943 \(\pm\) 131 a–c & 7719 \(\pm\) 607 ab \\ PEG 7.5\% & 7061 \(\pm\) 362 ab & 6935 \(\pm\) 854 a & 7911 \(\pm\) 94 a–c & 7976 \(\pm\) 350 a–c & 8214 \(\pm\) 835 a–c \\ \hline \multicolumn{6}{c}{**F\({}_{\mathbf{v}}\)**} \\ \hline Control & 46,978 \(\pm\) 1462 b & 47,249 \(\pm\) 1326 b & 45,049 \(\pm\) 987 ab & 45,418 \(\pm\) 1577 ab & 48,766 \(\pm\) 927 b \\ PEG 5\% & 45,917 \(\pm\) 3213 ab & 46,632 \(\pm\) 2094 ab & 47,683 \(\pm\) 2668 b & 45,797 \(\pm\) 800 ab & 41,809 \(\pm\) 3076 ab \\ PEG 7.5\% & 39,681 \(\pm\) 1983 a & 41,636 \(\pm\) 3567 ab & 43,651 \(\pm\) 558 ab & 44,106 \(\pm\) 1548 ab & 46,642 \(\pm\) 5167 ab \\ \hline \multicolumn{6}{c}{**F\({}_{\mathbf{M}}\)**} \\ \hline Control & 54,759 \(\pm\) 1531 a–c & 55,550 \(\pm\) 1766 bc & 53,014 \(\pm\) 754 a–c & 53,232 \(\pm\) 1593 a–c & 57,479 \(\pm\) 735 c \\ PEG 5\% & 54,445 \(\pm\) 4019 a–c & 54,813 \(\pm\) 2566 a–c & 56,179 \(\pm\) 3030 bc & 53,740 \(\pm\) 847 a–c & 48,929 \(\pm\) 3659 ab \\ PEG 7.5\% & 46,743 \(\pm\) 2169 a & 48,572 \(\pm\) 4377 ab & 51,563 \(\pm\) 635 a–c & 52,082 \(\pm\) 1898 a–c & 54,857 \(\pm\) 5997 a–c \\ \hline \multicolumn{6}{c}{**F\({}_{\mathbf{v}}\)/F\({}_{\mathbf{0}}\)**} \\ \hline Control & 6.04 \(\pm\) 0.16 a & 5.72 \(\pm\) 0.42 a & 5.66 \(\pm\) 0.29 a & 5.82 \(\pm\) 0.27 a & 5.6 \(\pm\) 0.23 a \\ PEG 5\% & 5.4 \(\pm\) 0.24 a & 5.7 \(\pm\) 0.15 a & 5.61 \(\pm\) 0.1 a & 5.77 \(\pm\) 0.12 a & 5.88 \(\pm\) 0.17 a \\ PEG 7.5\% & 5.62 \(\pm\) 0.29 a & 6.02 \(\pm\) 0.32 a & 5.52 \(\pm\) 0.04 a & 5.53 \(\pm\) 0.05 a & 5.67 \(\pm\) 0.09 a \\ \hline \multicolumn{6}{c}{**F\({}_{\mathbf{v}}\)/F\({}_{\mathbf{M}}\)**} \\ \hline Control & 0.86 \(\pm\) 0.0 a & 0.85 \(\pm\) 0.01 a & 0.85 \(\pm\) 0.01 a & 0.85 \(\pm\) 0.01 a & 0.85 \(\pm\) 0.01 a \\ PEG 5\% & 0.84 \(\pm\) 0.01 a & 0.85 \(\pm\) 0.0 a & 0.85 \(\pm\) 0.0 a & 0.85 \(\pm\) 0.0 a & 0.85 \(\pm\) 0.0 a \\ PEG 7.5\% & 0.85 \(\pm\) 0.01 a & 0.86 \(\pm\) 0.01 a & 0.85 \(\pm\) 0.0 a & 0.85 \(\pm\) 0.0 a & 0.85 \(\pm\) 0.0 a \\ \hline \multicolumn{6}{c}{**P\({}_{\mathbf{ABS}}\)**} \\ \hline Control & 5.11 \(\pm\) 0.93 a–c & 4.44 \(\pm\) 1.57 a–c & 4.41 \(\pm\) 0.47 a–c & 4.88 \(\pm\) 0.51 a–c & 3.77 \(\pm\) 0.68 ab \\ PEG 5\% & 3.74 \(\pm\) 0.67 ab & 4.69 \(\pm\) 0.56 a–c & 3.83 \(\pm\) 0.42 ab & 4.26 \(\pm\) 0.38 ab & 6.36 \(\pm\) 0.85 c \\ PEG 7.5\% & 5.73 \(\pm\) 0.22 bc & 4.54 \(\pm\) 0.24 a–c & 3.88 \(\pm\) 0.39 ab & 3.58 \(\pm\) 0.22 a & 3.98 \(\pm\) 0.6 ab \\ \hline \multicolumn{6}{c}{**ABS/RC**} \\ \hline Control & 1.91 \(\pm\) 0.09 ab & 2.1 \(\pm\) 0.19 b & 2.05 \(\pm\) 0.24 ab & 1.97 \(\pm\) 0.13 ab & 2.24 \(\pm\) 0.06 b \\ PEG 5\% & 2.19 \(\pm\) 0.21 b & 1.99 \(\pm\) 0.19 ab & 2.12 \(\pm\) 0.13 b & 1.99 \(\pm\) 0.13 ab & 1.66 \(\pm\) 0.18 a \\ PEG 7.5\% & 1.82 \(\pm\) 0.03 ab & 1.95 \(\pm\) 0.13 ab & 2.1 \(\pm\) 0.11 b & 2.09 \(\pm\) 0.01 ab & 2.06 \(\pm\) 0.14 ab \\ \hline \multicolumn{6}{c}{**TR\({}_{\mathbf{0}}\)/RC**} \\ \hline Control & 1.64 \(\pm\) 0.07 ab & 1.79 \(\pm\) 0.14 bc & 1.74 \(\pm\) 0.19 a–c & 1.68 \(\pm\) 0.1 a–c & 1.9 \(\pm\) 0.04 c \\ PEG 5\% & 1.85 \(\pm\) 0.17 bc & 1.7 \(\pm\) 0.16 a–c & 1.79 \(\pm\) 0.1 bc & 1.7 \(\pm\) 0.11 a–c & 1.42 \(\pm\) 0.15 a \\ PEG 7.5\% & 1.55 \(\pm\) 0.04 ab & 1.66 \(\pm\) 0.11 a–c & 1.78 \(\pm\) 0.09 bc & 1.77 \(\pm\) 0.01 bc & 1.75 \(\pm\) 0.12 a–c \\ \hline \multicolumn{6}{c}{Values with the same letter do not differ significantly at \(p=0.05\); F\({}_{\mathrm{0}}\)—initial fluorescence; Fc—maximum variable due fluorescence, F\({}_{\mathrm{M}}\)—maximum fluorescence intensity; Fc/F\({}_{\mathrm{0}}\)—primary photochemical reaction yield rate; F\({}_{\mathrm{V}}\)/F\({}_{\mathrm{M}}\)—maximum photochemical quantum PSII after dark adaptation; F\({}_{\mathrm{H}}\)—performance index on absorption basis; ABS/RC—light energy absorbed by the PSII antenna photon flux per active reaction centre, TR\({}_{\mathrm{0}}\)/RC—total energy used to reduce QA by the unit reaction centre of PSII per energy captured by a single active RC.