# An Analysis of Food Accessibility of Mountain Cities in China: A Case Study of Chongqing
## 5 Result and Discussion
### Results of Food Balance Analysis
#### 5.3.2 Geographically Weighted Regression Analysis
On the one hand, newly developed areas contain a higher number of new houses. These new houses have been more expensive than older houses since 2018 because of the restrictions of Chinese real estate policy and a higher demand for new houses. On the other hand, vegetable street markets exist in suburban areas, and some residents of these areas grow their own vegetables, thereby further enhancing food accessibility. This is related to the more mature food supply chain of the old city; that of the new city is expected to gradually develop. Figure 12: _Cont._  
Although the areas of higher accessibility to grains, oils, and eggs were aggregated in regions with higher house ages, the highest accessibility in these areas corresponded with relatively newer houses (Figure 13a). This result can be attributed to the influence of the school district in the old city on house prices, and there is generally a strong correlation between the prices of new houses in the old city and accessibility of food and oil. Accessibility of food and oil is not a determinant of house prices. Therefore, food and oil are easily available in the old city, regardless of location. As shown in Figure 13a-e, there was a clear pattern between the age of houses and accessibility of grains, oils/eggs, vegetables, fruits, seafood, and meat. The results showed that accessibility of food in communities far from the city center increased with decreasing age of houses. The opposite pattern occurred in the town center. The different trends in food accessibility between the two development areas of University City and the Airport City can be attributed to the development of the University City having initiated in 2007, whereas the Airport City was developed earlier in 2001. University City only initiated its first major shopping area in 2018, with a massive nonstudent gradually moving into the area since 2019. In contrast, the Airport City has experienced progressive development since an earlier period. R\({}^{2}\) coeffects for different types of food were shown in Figure 14.  
Figure 12: House price coeffects with the accessibility values of vegetables, fruit, seafood, meat, and milk in Chongqing. Figure 13: _Cont._  
The concept of food accessibility originated in Western countries. Significant food desert areas are rarely found in China because of the relatively homogeneous urban population. The present study assessed food accessibility in the main urban area of Chongqing to reveal the accessibility of different types of food in the city. The results showed that the accessibility of oil in Chongqing exceeds that of vegetables and fruits, which in turn are higher than that of meat, milk, and raw food. The results of the present study are consistent with the dietary habits of Chinese families, in which there is a balance between the consumption of fruits/vegetables and meat. In general, besides a few fresh food and meat items, all food items in urban areas of Chongqing were accessible within a 20 min walk. The present study examined food stores in the city of different sizes and considered the multitier service capacities of supermarkets, markets, and retail stores to reflect the accessibility of food more comprehensively in Chongqing. The zones of aggregated human habitation in Chongqing corresponded to higher accessibility to healthy food. From an economic perspective, the Jiangbei area showed significant clustering of areas with accessibility to healthy food. However, there were no significant differences in accessibility among the different categories of food. The results of GWR showed that the accessibility of seafood and meat increased with increasing house age in less affluent areas. Overall, there was no significant spatial change in the pattern of food accessibility. These results indicate that there is overall adequate and equitable accessibility to food in Chongqing. The current paper recommends that supermarkets or vegetable markets be promptly established for remote communities that may develop in the future.