# Trends and Recommendations for Enhancing Maturity Models in Supply Chain Management and Logistics
## 3 Results
### Content Results
#### 3.2.1. Scope Criteria of MMs for SCML  
MMs are used to evaluate and improve systems that consist of processes, objects, and people. They represent the progress of a system within specific focus areas or domains [72]. The domains can vary in nature and can be related to different aspects. In the literature, researchers have identified various domains for MMs. For example, [PERSON] et al. analyzed the domains of \"sustainability\" and \"supply chain sustainability\" in their literature review [39]. [PERSON] et al. proposed dimensions and sub-dimensions within the domains of \"industry 4.0\" and \"circular economy\" [73]. Excluding the reviews, in the analysis of the 126 articles, six domains were identified to classify the focus areas for which MMs were developed, validated, or applied. These domains include operations, technologies, attributes, green, safety, and others. The operations domain covers MMs that directly address activities related to SCML. The technology domain encompasses tools that enable technological digitization in supply chain and logistics management processes, including the artificial intelligence [74], big data analysis [75], and cybersecurity [76]. The attributes domain includes elements that determine specific characteristics of management processes, such as flexibility [77], alignment [78], or innovation [79]. The green and safety domains represent concepts related to environmental and social sustainability. The last domain includes elements that do not fit into the other domains and do not share common characteristics with each other. The 126 articles were then analyzed by means of a content analysis, whereby subdomains were identified and subsequently counted by a number of occurrences. Furthermore, as some of the documents belonged to different domains, the relationships between domains are analyzed. In Figure 11, a circular relationship diagram shows the occurrences of the individual subdomains and relationships. The relationships within the diagram are represented by lines such that the thicker the line, the greater the occurrence of relationships. From the results, the solid line indicates the value of one relationship between two elements, while the dotted line indicates the value of two relationships. The analysis identified 39 subdomains, respectively 11 for the operations domain, eight for technologies, 11 for attributes, two for green, three for safety, and three for other. Among the 39 subdomains, those registering the highest value of occurrences are Industry 4.0 (technologies domain with 35 occurrences), Supply Chain (operations domain with 22 occurrences) and Sustainability (green domain with 19 occurrences). The subdomains themselves have the highest number of occurrences, as can be seen from the outgoing lines. In addition, the three subdomains presented are interrelated, highlighting hybrid topics such as Supply Chain 4.0 [80; 81], Logistics 4.0 [82; 83], green supply chain studies [84; 85], and smart and sustainable supply chain transitions [86; 87]. On the other hand, from an aggregate point of view, the most important domains are those of Technologies and Operations, recording a value of 51 and 50 occurrences. Based on the domain analysis, process activities emerge as a crucial element shared by all the examined MMs. While the focus of the literature search was to identify the current state of MMs for SCML, it became evident that these two activities were not the sole processes considered. For instance, [PERSON] et al. proposed a MM for assessing sustainability in operations management [88], and [PERSON] et al. developed and validated an MM for measuring the maturity of procurement activities in the construction sector [89]. Furthermore, there are frequent connections between the supply chain, logistics, and other activities, such as manufacturing [90; 91; 92]. Within the 126 analyzed articles, several specific activities were identified, in addition to supply chain management (79 occurrences) and logistics management (36 occurrences).