## 3 Results
### \"Roma\"
Thanks to the interview given by [PERSON] to one of the authors [39], it is known that [PERSON] often performed further dyeing processes on already-colored costumes and fabrics to obtain the desired shade. By comparing the results obtained on the different samples from the same costume, we can hypothesize that the fabric of both the tunic and the chasuble was originally dyed with DY28, and that the latter was afterwards over-dyed with PY1 and DY3. This hypothesis is consistent with the evidence collected during the cleaning tests performed prior to restoration: the chasuble bled when a very mild cleaning approach, entailing a hydroalcoholic solution, was employed, while no effect was observed for the tunic. The bleeding is probably due to the solubilization of DY3, which is soluble both in water and in ethanol [56], while PY1 is known to be highly photo-stable, and it is insoluble in alcoholic solution [44]. DY28 cannot be accounted responsible for the bleeding, since the tunic, dyed with DY28 only, did not show any color change after the treatment. Figure 6: (**a**) ATR-FTIR spectrum and (**b**) Py-GC/MS pyrogram of sample P.  
A complete summary of all the results collected for the two costumes analyzed is provided in Table 5. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c} \hline \hline
**\#** & **tr (min)** & **Compound** & **Mass Spectra** \\ \hline
1 & 1.2 & Acetic acid & **60**, 45**, 43 \\
2 & 1.7 & 2-ciclopenten-1-one & 82, 78, **54**, 39**, 28 \\
3 & 2.7 & 2-methylfuran & 82, **53**, 39**, 27 \\
4 & 3.6 & Acetoxy-2-propanone & 116, **86**, 73**, 57 \\
5 & 4.0 & 4-cyclopentene-1,3-dione & **96**, 68, 54 \\
6 & 5.9 & 1,3-cyclopentene & 93, 69, 55 \\
7 & 7.7 & 2-furfuryl-acetate & 140, **98**, **81**, 52 \\
8 & 7.8 & Phenol & **94**, **66**, 55, 39 \\
9 & 9.3 & 5-methylfurral & **110**, 95, **81**, **53**, 43, 39 \\
10 & 9.7 & 1H-imidazole-2-methanol & **98**, 81, 69, 53 \\
11 & 10.2 & 2,5-dimethylfuran & **96**, 81, 67, **53** \\
12 & 10.5 & 1,2-benzenediol & **110**, 92, 64 \\
13 & 10.9 & 5-acetoxymethyl-2-furaldehyde & **168**, 126**, 109, 97, 79, 69, 53, 43 \\
14 & 11.1 & Phthalic anhydride & 148, **104**, **76**, 50 \\
15 & 11.3 & Dihydro-5-propyl-furanone & 110, **85** \\
16 & 14.2 & Dibutyl phthalate & 278, 149, 132, 120, 106, 91, 77, 65, 56, 50, 41 \\
17 & 16.0 & Stearic acid & **284**, 241, 185, **129**, 111, 97, 85, **73**, **57**, **43** \\ \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 4: Main pyrolysis products detected in the pyrogram of sample P reported in Figure 6b. The most intense peaks are reported in bold. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c} \hline \hline
**Wavenumber (cm\({}^{-1}\))** & **Vibrational Modes** \\ \hline
3359 & \(\
u\) OH \\
2956, 2923 & \(\
u_{\rm a}\) CH\({}_{2}\) \\
2852 & \(\
u_{\rm s}\) CH\({}_{2}\) \\
1730 & \(\
u\) C=O \\
1640 & \(\delta\) OH (bound water) \\
1434 & \(\delta\) CH\({}_{2}\) \\
1367 & \(\delta\) CH (in-plane, aromatic ring) \\
1315 & \(\omega\) CH\({}_{2}\) \\
1222, 1160 & \(\
u_{\rm a}\) C-O-C \\
1029 & \(\
u\) C-O, \(\
u\) C-C and C-H (ring and side group) \\
896 & \(\
u\) C-C-H (deformation of aromatic ring) \\
667 & \(\delta\) C-OH (out-of-plane) \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 3: Band assignment for the ATR-FTIR spectrum of sample P reported in Figure 6a.