# Energy Intelligence: A Systematic Review of Artificial Intelligence for Energy Management
## 2 Smart Grids and Energy Management Systems  
A smart grid, with intelligent EMS, functions as an intelligent network that integrates information technology with the existing energy system infrastructure [46]. This integration allows utilities to gather diverse energy data from the network using intelligent sensors (such as smart meters, emission monitors, etc.) and rapid communication systems, facilitating effective demand and supply balancing [47] as conceptualized in Figure 3.  
As well as wind, hydropower, and geothermal energy generation, the production of green hydrogen (GH\({}_{2}\)) is also represented, signifying its integration into the grid. The industrial sectors, situated at the bottom right, emphasize the distribution of energy to a variety of industrial applications, while the residential and commercial sectors situated in the bottom center represent the delivery of electricity to residences and businesses. The significance of EVs in the contemporary energy ecosystem is emphasized by their proximity to these sectors. Energy-efficient residences that are equipped with advanced technology are represented by smart homes, which are depicted to the left of EVs. The integration of solar energy is illustrated by the solar power facilities that are situated in close proximity to smart homes. The control center is the central element of the image, representing the location where information technology and power system networks converge to monitor and control the grid. The smart grid's efficient and reliable electricity services for both utilities and consumers are symbolized by the green circular line that connects all of these elements, ensuring a smooth flow of energy and communication. The smart network has significant potential as the electricity grid becomes more complex and overloaded on a daily basis. The present energy demands are being challenged by the aging infrastructure [48]. Power outages are a significant concern during peak load hours, as demand frequently exceeds the supply capacity of the grid. Power infrastructures encounter a variety of issues at various levels, such as generation, transmission, and  
Figure 3: The overall concept of smart grids incorporating different sources/consumers. distribution [49]. At present, the majority of power facilities generate electricity using fossil fuels, which brings economic and environmental challenges to the power system [50; 51]. In this regard, an analysis of the economic and environmental effects of smart grids has been conducted in [52], and they have presented their findings on variations in cost estimation in this field. The research recognized a shared component in the majority of definitions: the integration of digital processing and communication into the grid, which facilitates the maintenance of information management control and continuous data flow. Additionally, they observed that the analysis gap associated with uncertainties in environmental impacts and cost estimates could potentially produce more precise results. The optimal solution to the numerous issues encountered by power grids is the transformation of the electricity network into a smart grid, which is achieved by integrating the latest technologies with advanced equipment. Smart grids are designed to mitigate the environmental consequences of conventional power facilities by encouraging the utilization of renewable energy. The benefits of smart grid technology in assuring high energy efficiency, continuity of energy flow, and the security and stability of the power system are highlighted in the discussion of the development process [53; 54]. The power grid is advanced by selecting the most suitable and reliable models from a variety of models that have been proposed for smart grids. The automation of the distribution network is important for the balance of supply and demand [55], and smart grid technology facilitates this process. This contribution eases load shedding during peak hours, which leads to a more efficient electrical network.