# Estimation of Driving Direction of Traffic Accident Vehicles for Improving Traffic Safety
## 3 Proposed Method
### Rule-Based Named Entity Recognition of Arrival Destinations  
In a traffic accident, a police officer arrives at the scene with coordinates \((x_{acc},y_{acc})\) and records information related to the accident. Detailed records of the accident are recorded in the _\"Report\"_ field. The following are actual _\"Report\"_ cases recorded by a police officer:  
* (Case 1) Car #1 was traveling on a one-way road from the direction of the Yeokmal Intersection toward Bukil on the first lane of the road. At the accident site, it collided with the rear of Car #2, which was traveling ahead of it, with the right front of Car #1. As a result, car #1 caused a traffic accident resulting in personal and property damage and then fled the scene without taking any action. * (Case 2) Car #1 was traveling from Gongju toward Seocheon on the second lane of the two-lane road when it collided with the left side of Car #2, which was parked on the second lane of the road due to a single preceding accident, with the front of Car #1. The accident caused the driver of Car #2, who was sitting in the driver's seat outside the car, to be hit. * (Case 3) Car #1 was traveling on the first lane (excluding the left turn lane) from Cheonan toward Gongju, and when it collided with the rear of Car #2, which was traveling ahead of it, Car #2's driver fell onto the first lane, causing Car #3 to collide with Car #2's driver. * (Case 4) Car #1 was traveling on the third lane of the three-lane one-way road toward Seoul direction when it collided with the rear of Car #2, which was traveling ahead of it, and then came to a stop on the third lane and the shoulder of the road at around 1 o'clock (first accident). Car #3, traveling on the third lane toward the left side of Car #1 and its driver, collided with Car #1, who had exited the car and proceeded on foot. * (Case 5) Car #1 collided with Pedestrian #2, who was crossing the crosswalk toward the direction of K-Mart from the direction of Shin-gwan Elementary School, with its right front side while traveling toward the direction of OO Bank from the direction of OO Mart. * (Case 6) Car #1 collided with Car #2, coming from the opposite direction and traveling straight through the signal while turning left. In the given cases, the _\"Report\"_ includes keywords such as 'banghyang (direction)', 'bangmyeon (direction)', and 'j9 os (side)', which allow us to estimate the accident vehicle's path. Using these keywords, we can identify the information about the starting and ending points of the accident vehicle in the previous sentence (case 1 to case 3). The starting and ending points are expressed in various forms: such as location, business, building, and road names. However, there are cases where the information about the starting or ending point is missing. In case 4, for example, information about the starting point is omitted. However, the information about the ending point is included. Second, there are cases where the location of the starting or ending point could be more explicit. In case 5, for example, it is difficult to estimate the exact destination because the country has identical place names, such as \"OO Mart\". Therefore, it is necessary to estimate the destination based on the nearest location name to the accident site. The last extreme case is when important information is completely missing due to investigator negligence. In case 6, all information related to the path is omitted. In addition, cases where investigators write very brief reports or do not write reports at all, should be excluded from the analysis. In this study, we use Rule-based Named Entity Recognition to estimate the destination. As seen in the case analysis, the destination is located between the 'banghyang/bangmyeon/j9 os' (noun) + 'esco' (postposition) and the 'banghyang/bangmyeon/j9 os' (noun) + 'eulo' (postposition) associated with the destination. Algorithm 1 shows the method for extracting the destination from the _\"Report\"_.