# Influence of Electrohydrodynamics on the Drying Characteristics and Volatile Components of Ginger
## 3 Results and Discussion
### Volatile Components
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c} \hline
**NO.** & **Compounds** & **CAS** & **Structural Formula** & **Ret. Index** \\ \hline
41 & trans-alpha.-Bergamotene & 13474-59-4 & 1430 \\ \hline
42 &.gamma.-Elemene & 29873-99-2 & 1431 \\ \hline
43 & cis-beta.-Farnesene & 28973-97-9 & 1440 \\ \hline
44 & Cyclohexene, 3-(1,5-dimethyl-4-hexenyl)-6-methylene- & 20307-83-9 & 1446 \\ \hline
45 & 1,3-Cyclohexadiene, 5-(1,5-dimethyl-4-hexenyl)-2-methyl- & 495-60-3 & 1451 \\ \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 1: Cont. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c} \hline
**NO.** & **Compounds** & **CAS** & **Structural Formula** & **Ret. Index** \\ \hline
47 & 1-Isopropyl-4.7-dimethyl-l,2,3,5,6,8a-hexahydronaphthalene & 16729-01-4 & 1469 \\ \hline
48 & (R)-1-Methyl-4-(6-methylhept-5-en-2-yl)cyclohexa-1,4-diene & 28976-67-2 & 1480 \\ \hline
49 &.beta.-Bisabolene & 495-61-4 & 1500 \\ \hline
50 & trans-Sesquisabinene hydrate & 145512-84-1 & 1523 \\ \hline
51 & Benzene, 1-(1,5-dimethyl-4-hexenyl)-4-methyl-644-30-4 & 1524 \\ \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 1: Cont. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c} \hline
**NO.** & **Compounds** & **CAS** & **Structural Formula** & **Ret. Index** \\ \hline
52 & Farnesene epoxide, E- & 83637-40-5 & 1540 \\ \hline
53 & Cyclohexanol, 3-ethenyl-3-methyl-2-(1-methylethenyl)-6-(1-methylethly)- & 35727-45-8 & 1555 \\ \hline
54 & 6,10-Dodecadien-1-yn-3-ol, 3,7,11-trimethyl- & 2387-68-0 & 1572 \\ \hline
55 & (IR,4R)-1-methyl-4-(6-Methylhept-5-en-2-yl)cyclohex-2-enol & 58334-55-7 & 1591 \\ \hline
56 & 2-Naphthalenemethanol, decahydro-alpha\_,alpha\_,4a-trimethyl-8-methylene- & 473-15-4 & 1593 \\ \hline
57 & 3(10)-Caren-4-ol, acetoacetic acid ester & 0-00-0 & 0 & 1605 \\ \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 1: _Cont._According to [PERSON] et al. [44], pungent compounds are destroyed during drying and the pungency is reduced. The relative concentration of most of the monopods and sesquiterpene hydrocarbons increased. Terpenoids give ginger its distinct scent and are one of its most volatile components. They possess a variety of biological actions, including antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. After electrohydrodynamic drying, the percentage content of terpenoids (\(\alpha\)-pinene, camphorene, \(\beta\)-pinene, \(\beta\)-laurene, and \(\gamma\)-pinene) decreased due to varying voltage levels. This can be linked to the production of short-chain olefins and the isomerization of related molecules [45]. It could also be related to the conversion of sesquiterpenes to monoterenes after extended exposure to hot air. During drying, only the control group produced esters such as vinyl formate, linalyl acetate, citronellyl acetate, and (E)-2-decenyl acetate. This was due to prolonged exposure to oxygen, which facilitated the esterification of alcohols into their corresponding esters. Under varied drying settings, 27 aldehydes were found, with octanal, nonanal, citral, and geranial being the most volatile ingredients. The aldehydes were mostly formed by fat oxidation and amino acid decomposition and they had a refreshing aroma. The total aldehyde content was higher in the EHD group. This shows that aldehydes are more volatile in high-voltage environments [46]. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c} \hline \hline
**NO.** & **Compounds** & **CAS** & **Structural Formula** & **Ret. Index** \\ \hline
59 & Bergamotol, Z\_alpha.-trans- & 88034-74-6 & 1673 \\ \hline
60 & 2,6,10-dodecatrien-1-ol, 3,7,11-trimethyl- & 3790-71-4 & 1710 \\ \hline
61 & Phenol, 5-(1,5-dimethyl1-4-hexenyl)-2-methyl- & 30199-26-9 & 1744 \\ \hline
62 & geranyl-alpha.-terpinene & 0-00-0 & 1962 \\ \hline
63 & (E)-1-(6,10-Dimethylundeca-5,9-dien-2-yl)-4- & 55968-43-9 & 2006 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 1: Cont.