esa-sceva/satcom-chunk-collection huggingface dataset:
# Development of a CALPHAD Thermodynamic Database for Pu-U-Fe-Ga Alloys
## 2 Thermodynamic Modeling
### CALPHAD Method
The excess Gibbs energy term from Equation (2) is modeled using the Redlich-Kister [10] formalism for binary solutions and applied to multi-component systems via the Muggianu extrapolation [11], within the assumption that possible higher-order many-body interaction parameters can be ignored (above binary interactions). The resulting excess Gibbs energy term for a higher order system is written as:  
\[{}^{\mathrm{ex}}\mathrm{G}_{\mathrm{m}}^{\Phi}=\sum_{\mathrm{i}}\sum_{\mathrm{ j>i}}\mathrm{c}_{\mathrm{i}}\mathrm{c}_{\mathrm{j}}\sum_{\mathrm{v=0}}^{P} \mathrm{{}^{\mathrm{v}}\mathrm{L}_{\mathrm{i}\mathrm{j}}^{\Phi}\big{(}\mathrm{ c}_{\mathrm{i}}-\mathrm{c}_{\mathrm{j}}\big{)}^{\mathrm{v}}} \tag{5}\]  
The Redlich-Kister model parameters, \({}^{\mathrm{v}\mathrm{L}_{\mathrm{i}\mathrm{j}}^{\Phi}}\), describe the deviation from ideality and are chosen such that they satisfactorily represent all the available thermochemical and phase diagram data of the corresponding binaries. Generally, \({}^{\mathrm{v}\mathrm{L}_{\mathrm{i}\mathrm{j}}^{\Phi}}\) is expressed as:  
\[{}^{\mathrm{v}\mathrm{L}_{\mathrm{i}\mathrm{j}}^{\Phi}}=\mathrm{a}\ +\ bT \tag{6}\]  
The excess Gibbs energy can also include, when necessary, ternary interaction parameters (e.g., \(\mathrm{L}_{\mathrm{Fe,Pu,U}}^{\Phi}\)) for a multicomponent system. For n elements:  
\[{}^{\mathrm{ex,term}}\mathrm{G}_{\mathrm{m}}^{\Phi}=\sum_{\mathrm{i=1}}^{ \mathrm{n-2}}\sum_{\mathrm{j=i}}^{\mathrm{n-1}}\sum_{\mathrm{1}\mathrm{k=j}}^ {\mathrm{n}}\mathrm{x}_{\mathrm{i}}\mathrm{x}_{\mathrm{j}}\mathrm{x}_{ \mathrm{k}}\mathrm{L}_{\mathrm{i}\mathrm{j}\mathrm{k}}^{\Phi} \tag{7}\]  
where:  
\[\mathrm{L}_{\mathrm{i}\mathrm{j}\mathrm{,k}}^{\Phi}=\mathrm{v}_{\mathrm{i}}{}^ {\mathrm{i}}\mathrm{L}_{\mathrm{i}\mathrm{j}\mathrm{,k}}^{\Phi}\ +\mathrm{v}_{\mathrm{j}}\mathrm{L}_{\mathrm{i}\mathrm{j}\mathrm{,k}}^{\Phi}+ \mathrm{v}_{\mathrm{k}}{}^{\mathrm{k}}\mathrm{L}_{\mathrm{i}\mathrm{j} \mathrm{,k}}^{\Phi} \tag{8}\]  
with:  
\[\mathrm{v}_{\mathrm{i}}=\mathrm{x}_{\mathrm{i}}\ +\ \frac{1-\mathrm{x}_{ \mathrm{i}}-\mathrm{x}_{\mathrm{j}}-\mathrm{x}_{\mathrm{k}}}{3} \tag{9}\]  
Table 1.0  
Table 1.1  
In the case of a ternary system (e.g., Fe-Pu-U) where \(\mathrm{x}_{\mathrm{i}}+\mathrm{x}_{\mathrm{j}}+\mathrm{x}_{\mathrm{k}}=1\), (Equation (8)) reduces to:  
Table 1.2  
with:  
Table 1.3  
Stoichiometric binary and ternary compounds are described by the following function, where \(\mathrm{x}_{\mathrm{i}}\) is the mole fraction of element \(\mathrm{i}\) in the phase/compound \(\Phi\):  
Table 1.4  
In this case, a and b are the adjustable parameters used to model the Gibbs energy of binary or ternary stoichiometric compounds.
# Recent Developments and State of the Art in Flexible and Conformal Reconfigurable Antennas
## 7 Conclusions  
We critically reviewed the state-of-the-art in flexible and conformal reconfigurable antennas, categorizing of the developments with respect to frequency, pattern, polarization reconfigurability, as well as a combination of these features. Performance requirements and realization challenges that are unique to flexible and conformal reconfigurable antennas are discussed. Materials utilized in development of flexible and conformal reconfigurable antennas were considered critically, taking into account the applicability of these materials in niche applications, in the light of their electrical and mechanical characteristics. With an ever-increasing interest in flexible and conformal reconfigurable antennas nowadays, we conclude with identifying the following open research topics and potential directions for future research:  
* Characterization of new flexible materials with low-moderate loss at mm-wave and terahertz frequencies;
* Robust integration methods to combine switching elements with flexible materials;
* Development if switch-less reconfiguration approaches;
* Integrating MEMS switches on flexible materials to realize this type of antenna;
* Integrating optical switches on flexible materials to realize this type of antenna;
* Employing reconfigurable microfluidic antennas for complex patch structures.  
**Author Contributions:** Conceptualization, B.M. and R.M.H.; methodology, B.M.; investigation, B.M.; resources, B.M. and R.B.V.B.S.; data curation, B.M.; writing--original draft preparation, B.M.; writing--review and editing, R.B.V.B.S. and R.M.H. and S.M., A.L.; supervision, R.M.H. and K.P.E.; project administration, R.M.H. and K.P.E.; funding acquisition, B.M. and K.P.E. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.  
**Funding:** This work was supported in part by the International Macquarie University Research Excellence Scholarship.  
**Acknowledgments:** The authors would like thank the editors of this special issue for inviting us to submit a manuscript on this topic.  
**Conflicts of Interest:** The authors declare no conflict of interest.
## 2 Related Work
### Junction-Based Routing Protocols  
The design of VANET routing protocols in urban environments necessitates the consideration of many complex factors. Urban areas, such as those with tall buildings and trees, impede vehicle wireless communication. The junction-based routing protocol [23] addresses the limitations of geographically based routing protocols in urban settings. It proposes a routing protocol that leverages junction points devoid of radio interference to forward packets to their destinations efficiently, as shown in Figure 1.  
GSR [10] is a VANET routing protocol tailored explicitly for urban environments. A junction-based geographic routing protocol integrates geographic-based (GPSR) and topology-based (DSR) techniques. GSR utilizes the digital map in the vehicle's navigation system to locate junctions and determines the sequence based on the shortest distance to the destination using [PERSON]'s algorithm. Packets generated by the source are then forwarded through the junction sequence to the destination. However, this approach overlooks traffic density considerations, potentially resulting in routing paths with low connectivity. Greedy perimeter coordinator routing (GPCR) [23] adopts a limited greedy mode for forwarding packets. When selecting the next forwarding node around a junction, it prioritizes coordinator nodes (nodes at the junction) over non-coordinator nodes closer to the destination. If the event encounters a local maximum, it enters recovery mode and forwards packets counterclockwise, following the right-hand rule. However, this recovery mode increases end-to-end delay due to unnecessary relay nodes and imposes a high overhead due to the large number of beacon messages. Also, this routing protocol does not consider traffic awareness.
## 3 Results  
### Variable Reduction  
We grouped the twenty-five anthropometric kinanthropometric variables five 5 factors that contained all of them (Table 2):  
F-Fat mass: It reflected 21.7% of explained variability.  
F-Muscle mass: It reflected 20.5% of explained variability.  
F-Bone mass: It reflected 12.6% of explained variability.  
F-Skinkfolds: It reflected 11.9% of explained variability.  
F-Robustness: It reflected 11.9% of explained variability.  
The results obtained through the EFA validate the use of these five factors instead of the twenty-five anthropometric and kinanthropometric variables, as these imply 78.6% of all the variables. From the assignment of coefficients, we also calculated the factorial and standardized scores of the participants in our sample (Table 3).  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c} \hline \hline  & & & & & & \\ \hline \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**Variable**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**Communality**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**Fat Mass**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Muscle Mass**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**Bone Mass**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**Skinfolds**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**Robustness**} \\  & & & & & & & \\ \hline Abdominal fold & 0.854 & 0.894 & - & - & - & - \\ Supralinalic fold & 0.814 & 0.883 & - & - & - & - \\ Subsolarular fold & 0.764 & 0.826 & - & - & - & - \\ Triceps fold & 0.609 & 0.743 & - & - & - & - \\ Pectoral fold & 0.626 & 0.747 & - & - & - & - \\ Fat mass & 0.975 & 0.792 & - & - & - & - \\ Body Density Index & 0.889 & 0.684 & - & - & - & - \\ Muscular mass & 0.970 & - & 0.911 & - & - & - \\ Weight & 0.987 & - & 0.730 & - & - & - \\ Residual mass & 0.960 & - & 0.716 & - & - & - \\ Body Mass Index & 0.954 & - & 0.761 & - & - & - \\ Arm circumference & 0.838 & - & 0.867 & - & - & - \\ Hip circumference & 0.727 & - & 0.662 & - & - & - \\ Waist circumference & 0.651 & - & 0.597 & - & - & - \\ Thigh circumference & 0.627 & - & 0.553 & - & - & - \\ Cal circumference & 0.507 & - & 0.547 & - & - & - \\ Bone mass & 0.985 & - & - & 0.858 & - & - \\ Bistyloid of the wrist & 0.664 & - & - & 0.800 & - & - \\ diameter & & & & & & \\ Bicondylar of the femur & 0.709 & - & - & 0.776 & - & - \\ diameter & & & & & & \\ Tight fold & 0.810 & - & - & - & 0.874 & - \\ Calf fold & 0.748 & - & - & - & 0.805 & - \\ Biceps fold & 0.501 & - & - & - & 0.586 & - \\ Standing height & 0.919 & - & - & - & - & 0.914 \\ Armspan & 0.850 & - & - & - & - & 0.874 \\ Sitting height & 0.647 & - & - & - & - & 0.771 \\ \hline \% Explained variance & - & 21.7\% & 20.5\% & 12.6\% & 11.9\% & 11.9\% \\ \% Accumulated & - & 21.7\% & 42.2\% & 54.8\% & 66.7\% & 78.6\% \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}
Table 2: Exploratory Factor Analysis. Grouping of empirical variables into common dimensional factors using Varimax rotation.
# Diet, Polyphenols, and Human Evolution
## 6 Polyphenols and CNS: Protection from Oxidative Stress and Other Functions  
The dietary intake of antioxidants, both in the form of food as such and as food supplements has been studied to identify the optimal intake of compounds with anti-oxidizing activity that is able to reduce damage from ROS in the CNS and prevent neurodegeneration. Antioxidant protection is particularly important since the frequency of neurological disorders is increasing due to a longer life expectancy. Many molecules have antioxidant properties and many of these have shown potential CNS benefits (see Section 4). Vitamins A, C, E, beta-carotene, and polyphenols are certainly the most frequently mentioned molecules in this regard.  
The term \"polyphenols\" includes many natural organic substances, which are classified into four classes: flavonoids (including flavones, flavonoids, flavanones, isoflav, anthocyanidins, chalcones, and catechins), stilbenes, lignans, and phenolic acids. The main dietary sources of polyphenols have a vegetal origin [67]. Each group of molecules has its own specific functions and benefits deriving from dietary intake, but the most well-established are their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties.  
The way polyphenols contribute to neuroprotection is not limited to their antioxidant activity, which is not the only one responsible for the positive effects on human cognitive functions. In fact, the idea that polyphenols act on physiological variables and pathological states solely for their direct antioxidant effects has been accompanied by a growing consensus on the fact that there are also direct interactions with cell signaling pathways [68]. Polyphenols can act at the cellular level either directly or mediated by enzymatic activities, or by modulating the signaling pathways involved in cell survival [64; 65]. These processes are critical in the modulation of neurodegeneration, but probably were less involved in the evolution of humans, given the limited life expectancy in the Paleozoic and Mesolithic periods.  
The antioxidant efficacy of various molecules depends on the quantity taken with the diet and on the relative bioavailability. Due to their low bioavailability, many polyphenols reach the tissues at a concentration incompatible with the activities found in vitro [69; 70]. On the other hand, the efficacy of foods/beverages rich in polyphenols in countering some forms of cognitive degeneration is clear [71; 72]. This suggests that the active molecules may be different from those originally present in food or, in other words, that the products of metabolism could be more active. Such products could also be concentrated in certain areas of the organism where they presumably carry out their positive activity [70; 73]. Additional in vitro studies, but above all in vivo studies, need to be performed with appropriate experimental protocols to further investigate the antioxidant efficacy of molecules.
# Key Factors for a Successful Telemedicine Solution for Cardiovascular Diseases: A Systematic Review
## 2 Materials and Methods
### Eligibility Criteria
#### 2.1.5 Study Design  
Only randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were included, while non-randomized or non-controlled trials, study protocols and designs, cross-sectional, retrospective, qualitative, observational, and pilot studies, conference proceedings, feasibility, cost, ancillary, and secondary analyses, and all studies not reporting the use of a telemonitoring system were excluded.
# Uncertainties and Perspectives on Forest Height Estimates by Sentinel-1 Interferometry
###### Abstract  
Forest height is a key parameter in forestry. SAR interferometry (InSAR) techniques have been extensively adopted to retrieve digital elevation models (DEM) to give a representation of the continuous variation of the Earth's topography, including forests. Unfortunately, InSAR has been proven to fail over vegetation due to low coherence values; therefore, all phase unwrapping algorithms tend to avoid these areas, making InSAR-derived DEM over vegetation unreliable. In this work, a sensitivity analysis was performed with the aim of properly initializing the relevant operational parameters (baseline and multilooking factor) to maximize the theoretical accuracy of the height difference between the forest and reference point. Some scenarios were proposed to test the resulting \"optimal values\", as estimated at the previous step. A simple model was additionally proposed and calibrated, aimed at predicting the optimal baseline value (and therefore image pair selection) for height uncertainty minimization. All our analyses were conducted using free available data from the Copernicus Sentinel-1 mission to support the operational transfer into the forest sector. Finally, the potential uncertainty affecting resulting height measures was quantified, showing that a value lower than 5 m can be expected once all user-dependent parameters (i.e., baseline, multilooking factor, temporal baseline) are properly tuned.  
Sentinel-1; SAR; interferometry; phase unwrapping avoiding; forest height; uncertainty assessment; topographic levelling approach 20220223479492[[https://doi.org/10.3390/earth3010029](https://doi.org/10.3390/earth3010029)]([https://doi.org/10.3390/earth3010029](https://doi.org/10.3390/earth3010029))
# On Sharing an FIB Table in Named Data Networking
## 5 Conclusions  
For the successful realization of NDN, efficient routing and forwarding algorithms are essential. This paper proposes a novel method, which combines routing and forwarding using Bloom filters in order to reduce the traffic and the memory for constructing FIB tables. The connectivity information is shared in the form of a summary Bloom filter (S-BF). Nodes collect these S-BFs and then form a forwarding Bloom filter (F-BF). Interest packets are delivered by querying F-BFs. To prevent extra traffic caused due to false positives of Bloom filters, we also propose to use an auxiliary FIB table. The performance evaluation was conducted using ndnSIM using real topologies acquired from Rocketfuel, which range from 2163 to 2279 nodes with 1000 consumers and producers. The simulation results show that the proposed scheme can achieve the nearly optimal performance as compared to the link state algorithm, while significantly reducing the network traffic for routing with the substantially smaller amounts of memory. The proposed scheme does not require any prior knowledge about network topologies and works in a fully distributed fashion.  
Conceptualization, J.H.M. and H.L.; methodology, H.L.; software, J.H.M.; validation, J.H.M.; formal analysis, J.H.M.; investigation, H.L.; resources, J.H.M.; data curation, J.H.M.; writing--original draft preparation, J.H.M.; writing--review and editing, H.L.; visualization, J.H.M.; supervision, H.L.; project administration, H.L.; and funding acquisition, H.L.  
This research was funded by the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF), NRF-2017R1A2B4011254.  
The authors declare no conflict of interest. The funders had no role in the design of the study; in the collection, analyses, or interpretation of data; in the writing of the manuscript, or in the decision to publish the results.  
Figure 12: Comparison in traffic for routing (MB). The traffic used for the proposed work is much smaller than _shortest path_, which is about 6–8% of the traffic of the _shortest path_.
# A Novel Framework for Identifying Customers' Unmet Needs on Online Social Media Using Context Tree
## 3 Proposed Method
### Constructing the Context Tree Using Hierarchical Search Concept Space (HSCS) Algorithm  
After the completion of data gathering and pre-processing, the **Context Tree**, a novel model that represents the user's context and unmet needs in online social media, is ready to be created. The Context Tree refers to a data structure that extends branches by searching other detailed keywords related to a specific keyword iteratively. The **Hierarchical Search Concept Space (HSCS) algorithm** is also proposed as a method that creates the Context Tree. This algorithm has the property of simple ontology. A node in each tree refers to a corresponding keyword, and writings, including the corresponding keyword and parent keywords, belong to the node. In addition to this, a process to extract the user's experience that can infer the unmet needs of users by controlling the inclusion and exclusion of words is included in the HSCS algorithm. The Context Tree enables intuitive and structural insight search for people who participate in the NPD process by summarizing documents that correspond to the keyword array effectively.  
The detailed description of the HSCS algorithm for creating the Context Tree is as follows.
### Requirements of Underwater Communication
#### 1.4.1 Lifespan  
The lifespan of nodes and the network plays a vital role in the implementation of UWSN. The extreme conditions of the sea make it hard to replace nodes [13]; hence, it impacts the price and the overall performance of the network.
# TDLAS Monitoring of Carbon Dioxide with Temperature Compensation in Power Plant Exhausts
## 4 Direct Absorption Measurement and Correction
Figure 9 shows the result of linear fit between \(A/S(T)\) and concentration at T = 318 K. The fitting results show that the R squared value reaches 0.999, indicating a good linear relationship between \(A/S(T)\) and concentration. Figure 4: Direct absorption signals \(I_{\rm t}\) and baseline signal \(I_{0}\) (T = 318 K, 10% CO\({}_{2}\), L = 20 m). Figure 3: (**a**) Measured and (**b**) simulated absorbance of CO\({}_{2}\) at 296 K and 1 atm. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c} \hline \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**True Concentration**} & \multicolumn{5}{c}{**Inferred Concentration**} \\  & **298 K** & **308 K** & **318 K** & **328 K** & **338 K** \\ \hline
10\% & 0.30\% & 5.66\% & 1.33\% & 2.51\% & \(-\)2.25\% \\
12\% & \(-\)2.78\% & \(-\)0.58\% & 1.35\% & \(-\)1.24\% & \(-\)2.62\% \\
14\% & 0.28\% & \(-\)0.60\% & \(-\)0.38\% & \(-\)2.88\% & \(-\)3.35\% \\
16\% & \(-\)1.24\% & 0.09\% & 0.65\% & \(-\)4.70\% & \(-\)3.58\% \\
18\% & 3.74\% & 1.52\% & 1.59\% & 1.56\% & \(-\)3.14\% \\
20\% & \(-\)1.21\% & 3.54\% & 0.61\% & \(-\)3.72\% & \(-\)2.83\% \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 1: The relative errors of direct absorption results from 298 to 338 K. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c} \hline \hline \multicolumn{1}{c}{**S(T)**} & **298 K** & **308 K** & **318 K** & **328 K** & **338 K** \\ \hline Database & 3.8967 & 3.8147 & 3.7318 & 3.6483 & 3.5648 \\ Calculated & 4.0639 & 3.9329 & 3.8824 & 3.5011 & 3.2471 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 2: Line intensity (10\({}^{-4}\) cm\({}^{-2}\).atm\({}^{-1}\)) values from database and calculated values. Figure 5: Absorption spectra of 16% CO\({}_{2}\) in the 6331.8 to 6333.6 cm\({}^{-1}\) spectral region at T = 298–338 K.  
Figure 6: Measured CO\({}_{2}\) spectrum near 6332.7 cm\({}^{-1}\) with Lorentz fitting (P = 1 atm, T = 338 K, 18% CO\({}_{2}\)). Figure 8: Integrated absorbance and spectral intensity with temperature change (14% CO\({}_{2}\)). Figure 7: Integrated absorbance as a function of _P.X-L_ (T = 298–338 K, P = 1 atm). Figure 9: A linear fit between \(A/S(T)\) and concentration at T = 318 K.  
Figure 10 illustrates the absolute values of the relative error of the measured results before and after the correction. As shown in Figure 10, after temperature compensation, the maximum relative error is \(-2.57\%\) corresponding to the measurement of \(14\%\) CO\({}_{2}\) at 318 K. However, the absolute error was only \(0.36\%\) and the relative error of the mean square value was less than \(3.5\%\). All these measurements confirm that this temperature compensation enables the direct detection of CO\({}_{2}\) in outlet ducts temperature with a detection limit of \(8.4\times 10^{-5}\) at SNR = 1. Measurements of CO\({}_{2}\) concentration can be made for a variety of carbon emission sources, and the data are helpful for developing more accurate detection mechanisms.
# Analyzing the Characteristics of Soil Moisture Using GLDAS Data: A Case Study in Eastern China
## 4 Conclusions  
Analyzing each layer of soil moisture in eastern China based on GLDAS data, we found that the temperature and precipitation in different seasons have different degrees of influence on the characteristics of soil moisture in each layer. Several conclusions have been drawn from these analyses.  
Comparing the results based on GLDAS data with those obtained from observation data, it is clear that there are some differences, although GLDAS data does roughly reflect the real characteristics of inter-annual variability of soil moisture and climate anomalies in eastern China. There has generally been an increase from 1961 to 2011 in eastern China. According to data analysis of the same 51 years, precipitation tended to decrease. The evolutions of temperature and precipitation are completely opposite, but both varied sharply year by year.  
Soil moisture in the 0-10 cm layer is more influenced by precipitation in different seasons in the time series, but precipitation has a similar regularity. The change of precipitation delays soil moisture (10-40 cm, 40-100 cm, and 100-200 cm) about one to two months. Deeper soil has a certain memory function for climate change, which can accumulate a lot of information about the surface hydrological processes. According to the data analysis, soil moisture shows a decreasing trend over the 51 years, while inter-annual variability is significantly different, which indicates that eastern China may have future drought issues.  
As for the correlation coefficient between soil moisture and temperature, the data analysis shows that for all layers aside from the 10-40 cm layer, temperature is positively associated with the layers of soil moisture in spring, summer and autumn, but precipitation is negatively correlated with soil moisture of each layer in winter. Temperature in winter is negatively correlated with soil moisture, again except for the 10-40 cm layer. Precipitation also has the largest effect on surface soil, while temperature has an obvious effect on the soil depth.  
The GLDAS data and the local government data are highly appreciated. The authors thank [PERSON] for his help collecting the data. This research is partially supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (Project Ref. No. 2016 YFB0501501) and 2015 Jiangsu Shuangchuang Program of China. All authors contributed equally to the writing of the article.  
The authors declare no conflict of interest.