## 1 Introduction  
The harsh increase in worldwide energy demand and environmental pollution pushes people to discover new resources, force the more efficient use of existing resources, or force a change in energy use methods [1]. Studies such as conducting bio-based research [2; 3], developing wind turbines, or increasing the use of solar energy are being carried out to limit the dependence on coal and oil in the discovery of new resources [4]. To increase resource use efficiency, examples such as research and development facilities to reduce fuel consumption in internal combustion engines, research on energy consumption in public areas [5], applying daylight saving time [6], and using thermal insulators in buildings can be given. The increasing frequency of use of vehicles with electric drive systems compared to internal combustion vehicles in recent years is a good example of a change in the method of energy use. Electric vehicles are quietere, have higher performance, are easier to use, and are more sustainable than internal combustion vehicles. At the same time, the energy cost per unit distance is lower than internal combustion vehicles [7]. By combining high system efficiency with renewable energy sources, sustainable transportation can be achieved on a wide scale. However, besides the several positives of electric vehicles, there are some negatives as well. Among the others, the driving range appears as an anxiety creator of electric vehicle drivers [8]. To solve this problem, researchers propose some solutions such as battery swapping, wireless charging, and Vehicle-to-Vehicle (V2V) platforms [9; 10; 11]. Apart from range anxiety, another negative phenomenon of electric vehicles is the charge time [12]. The battery charging time is longer than a gasoline tank filling duration [13]. Therefore, charge waiter drivers are planning their route according to charging locationsand manage the time on it. To overcome such problems, fuel cell electric vehicles have some advantages. While it takes 5 or 6 h to fully charge a battery in an electric vehicle, it is considered that 600 s may be sufficient to fill hydrogen tanks [14]. The resulting significant time difference shows that fuel cell electric vehicles have the potential to eliminate the energy-filling problem. Similar to the charging time advantage, fuel cell electric vehicles provide good results in terms of driving range. In a study conducted by [PERSON] et al. [15], a significant range advantage of an internal fuel cell electric vehicle compared to a battery electric vehicle is evident. For these reasons, it is important to continue research on fuel cell electric vehicles. Fuel cell electric vehicles can present a more optimistic picture to the driver than battery electric vehicles. Additionally, there are some technical differences between them. While a battery electric vehicle has types of equipment such as a battery, power electronics, electric motor, and transmission, a fuel cell electric vehicle has elements such as a hydrogen tank, pressure regulator, and fuel cell module in addition to the equipment existing in the battery electric vehicle [16; 17]. Most fuel cell electric vehicles include both fuel cell modules and electrical energy storage such as batteries or supercapacitors for long ranges. Since hybrid power systems have multiple power supply components, power management or an optimization strategy is needed for consumption minimization and has long-life components. The result of a well-developed optimization strategy can provide financial savings and ease sustainable transportation. There are many studies in the literature on fuel cell system optimization [18; 19; 20; 21; 22]. The general aspect is based on similar contents such as energy and hydrogen consumption minimization, fuel cell and battery lifetime extension, system efficiency increase, and component optimization [23; 24; 25; 26].