## 4 Research Trends and Prospects  
Flow-induced vibration detection technology of the multiphase vortex has played an increasingly important role in flow-field state identification and has received much attention. It is crucial for realizing energy-saving in-process manufacturing and for optimizing the design of low-carbon energy devices. The vital scientific challenges involved in multiphase vortex-induced vibration-sensing technologies are discussed in this paper. The research directions and opinions described and summarized below are discussed and summarized. It is worth noting that a free sink vortex is a complex turbulent mechanical phenomenon involving multiphase trans-scale transport, thermal/pressure/magnetic multiphysical field coupling, vorticity aggregation and dissipation, pressure pulsation, fluid-solid coupling shock, and other complex multiscale coupling phenomena. This current study focuses on analyzing the dynamic features of a gas-liquid two-phase vortex. However, the development process of multiphysical field coupling under extreme circumstances such as high temperature, high pressure, and intense radiation remains unknown. Related flow-field dynamics modeling approaches and fluid-induced vibration features in extreme settings have not been fully described for more complicated multi-gas-liquid-solid or gas-liquid-liquid multiphase flows. According to an overview of the fundamental challenges, this technological study may be carried out from the following perspectives:  
(1) An investigation of the transport mechanism of the multiphase sink vortex in extreme environments. A multiphase-temperature-pressure multifield coupling mechanical model of vortex trans-scale suction transport motion should be set up to analyze thedistribution characteristics of temperature, pressure, and other physical quantities, taking into account the vortex distribution characteristics with high temperatures and high pressures. The heat/pressure coupling drive mechanism of the turbulent structure of the vortex flow field should then be investigated, with the heat transfer and the coupling transport processes described as related to various potential fields. (2) To investigate the self-similar nesting features of vortex clusters in a turbulent environment, a transport mechanical model of the multiphase sink vortex based on the Ekman boundary-layer theory should be constructed. The dynamic features and trans-scale transport rule of the Ekman boundary layer may be shown, along with the cross-scale spatial and temporal distribution aspects of multiphase vortex clusters. Then, the high-precision image acquisition and processing technology of the vortex flow field should be studied to extract a high-speed continuous image-frame sequence of the vortex core, flow mode, and vorticity distribution attributes and to reveal the characteristics of energy aggregation and dissipation in the flow field. (3) A modeling-solving approach for the multiphase coupling interface evolution process should be provided based on the fracture and deformation characteristics of the multiphase viscous coupling interface. A high-precision interface reconstruction of the vortex flow field should be created to derive the dynamic development of the multiphase viscous coupling interface shape in real time. (4) A flow-pattern tracking dynamic model of the gas-liquid-solid vortex based on bidirectional coupling should be constructed to study the particle-particle and particle-wall contact effects, aiming at the rotational and nonlinear character of the gas-liquid-solid three-phase vortex in a critical transition state. It is possible to perform phase interface coupling calculations on a larger scale than the grid and discrete phase calculations on a subgrid scale. The evolution of flow patterns, such as particle distribution, rotation, and motion trajectory, may be found in the critical transition stage of the vortex flow field.