# Analysis of the Current State of Automation of Hazard Detection Processes in BIM in Slovakia  
[PERSON]  
1 Department of Building Technologies, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Slovak University of Technology, Radlinskeho 11, 810 05 Bratislava, Slovakia; [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (T.F. ); [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (J.G. ); [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (P.M.)  
[PERSON]  
Department of Building Technologies, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Slovak University of Technology, Radlinskeho 11, 810 05 Bratislava, Slovakia; [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (T.F. ); [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (J.G. ); [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (P.M.)  
[PERSON]  
1 Department of Building Technologies, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Slovak University of Technology, Radlinskeho 11, 810 05 Bratislava, Slovakia; [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (T.F. ); [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (J.G. ); [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (P.M.)  
[PERSON]  
1 Department of Building Technologies, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Slovak University of Technology, Radlinskeho 11, 810 05 Bratislava, Slovakia; [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (T.F. ); [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (J.G. ); [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (P.M.)  
In the last decade, there are several approaches that use BIM and virtual reality for HS trainings [31; 32; 33; 34], that combine GIS and BIM for HS modeling [35] or use real-time location systems [36; 37; 38; 39] and computer vision-based object detection [40] with BIM for tracking people, with a purpose of increasing the level of occupational HS. This level could be also increased through the integration of BIM and PtD (Prevention through Design) approaches, and much research has been conducted on automatic or semi-automatic HS hazard detection. Some authors [15; 27; 41] employed a PtD approach because in some countries, legislation already mandates the minimization of HS risks in the design phase of a project. A considerable number of risks could be eliminated during modeling if the software will be able to warn the engineer if a design element, shape or material could pose a danger during construction. Additionally, such modeling could eliminate the need for checking and problem-solving during pre-construction. On the other hand, since architects and design engineers already have so much responsibility, it will require additional specialized positions, and the design stage will take longer. For the pre-construction phases, several risk- and hazard-checking methods in 3D or 4D BIM have been developed, most of which use Autodesk Revit, a 3D BIM program that provides an application programming interface (API) so that users can develop their own applications and integrate them into Revit. For HS purposes, applications that can identify risks, model HS equipment or provide HS code-checking were developed for 3D BIM software (e.g., Autodesk Revit, Trimble Tekla Structures, Rhino) and use their source native formats. Other methods are based on IFC (Industry Foundation Classes) open file format [15; 16; 17; 18; 23; 35; 41; 42; 43; 44; 45; 46; 47]. Users can also add some functions to software by a visual programming language environment, such as Dynamo or Grasshopper [48; 49; 50]. On-site conditions and HS risks constantly change as construction progresses, so HS equipment needs to be installed, removed or transferred to another floor, so the risk level varies according to the type of process, time of the day, season, number of workers and tools. This is why it is good to look at HS risks in the context of the construction schedule. Several authors predicated their hazards' detection on 4D BIM [14; 19; 20; 21; 22; 23; 24; 25; 26; 27; 28; 29; 33; 51; 52; 53; 54; 55; 56], and some of the most significant research was conducted by [PERSON] et al. [14; 20; 21; 51] in Trimble Tekla Structures software [57], where potential falling hazards were detected, and HS equipment was modeled, installed and removed in a 4D simulation based on a construction schedule. Others [52; 53; 54; 55; 22] mostly used the 4D BIM software Bentley Synchro PRO [58].