## 3 Results and Discussion
### Determination of Total Fatty Acids in Bee Products
Moreover, in this part of the study, the total percentage of unsaturated (omega-3, -6, -9, -7, and -5) fatty acids in the products, excluding unsaturated fatty acids with trans configurations, was evaluated and presented in Figure 3. The amount of total unsaturated fatty acid (TUSFA) varied between 0.03% and 3.76% in bee products. The highest amounts of TUSFA were found in bee pollen (3.76 \(\pm\) 0.11%) and bee bread (3.53 \(\pm\) 0.12%), and the lowest (0.03 \(\pm\) 0.001%) fatty acid content was determined in honey. The total percentage of fatty acids belonging to the omega-3 fatty acid group in the test products was evaluated. The standard used in the study included four omega-3 fatty acids (in the form of methyl esters): \(\alpha\)-linolenic, cis-11, 14, 17-eicosatriene, cis-5,8,11,14,17-eicosapentaene (EPR), and cis-4,7,10,13,16,19-docosahexaenoicenoic (DHR) fatty acids. It was observed that polyunsaturated omega-3 fatty acids were not detected in honey. In other studied products, the content of omega-3 fatty acids varied from 0.89 to 2.66%. The highest amounts of omega-3 fatty acids were found in bee bread (2.83 \(\pm\) 0.09%) and bee pollen (2.66 \(\pm\) 0.08%), and the lowest - in propolisols (0.89 \(\pm\) 0.03%). Moreover, the total percentage of fatty acids belonging to the omega-6 fatty acid group in the bee products was evaluated too. The standard used in this study included six omega-6 fatty acids (in the form of methyl esters): linoleic, gamma-linolenic, cis-11,14-eicosadienoic, cis-8,11,14-eicosatriene, cis-5,8,11,14-eicatosetraenoic, and cis-13,16-docosadiene fatty acids. It was found that the total yield of polyunsaturated omega-6 fatty acids in bee products varied between 0.01% and 0.70% in the bee products. The highest amount of omega-6 fatty acids was found in bee pollen (0.70 \(\pm\) 0.02%) and the lowest (0.01-0.02%) in propolisols and honey. Furthermore, during the studies, it was found that the ratio of omega-3/omega-6 fatty acids in the investigated products varied from 3.79:1 to 36.6:1. The highest ratio was found in propolisols (36.6:1), and the lowest in bee pollen (3.79:1). The ratio of omega-3/omega-6 fatty acids in honey was not determined, possibly due to a negligible amount of omega-3 fatty acids. In bee pollen, the omega-3/omega-6 ratio was 3.79:1, and in bee bread was 6.52:1. The obtained results are in agreement with other authors [17]. [PERSON] et al. found a lower omega-3/omega-6 ratio in bee pollen--3.35:1, but slightly higher in bee bread--8.42:1 [17]. Unfortunately, none of the tested products had a recommended 1:1 to 1:4 ratio of omega-3/omega-6 ratio dose for humans use. According to the literature, nowadays, eating habits of people have changed and the predominant ratio of omega-3/omega-6 reached 1:20 in daily diets [18]; therefore, the greater amount of omega-3 fatty acids obtained in bee products could be helpful in adjusting this ratio for higher intakes of omega-3 fatty acids. The ratios of TUS/TS were more than 1.0, with exception of honey, which characteristically lacked TUSFA (0.03 \(\pm\) 0.0002%) while having the highest concentration of TSFA (0.51 \(\pm\) 0.002%). The highest ratios of TUS/TS were found in bee bread (2.29 \(\pm\) 0.02%) and in pollen (2.19 \(\pm\) 0.03%). The results could be explained by the similar chemical composition of bee bread and pollen [19]. The results have also consisted of notion that \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c} \hline
**Bee Product** & **Total Number of Saturated** & **Total Number of Unsaturated** & **Omega-6/Omega-3** & **TUS/TS** \\  & **Fatty Acids** & **Fatty Acids** & **Omega-6/Omega-3** & **TUS/TS** \\ \hline Propolis & 10 & 12 & 36.6:1 & 0.74:1 \\ Bee bread & 10 & 11 & 6.52:1 & 2.29:1 \\ Bee pollen & 12 & 9 & 3.79:1 & 2.07:1 \\ Honey & 6 & 2 & 0 & 0.06:1 \\ \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 2: Fatty acid content, ratios of total unsaturated (TUS) to saturated (TS) fatty acids, and omega-6 to omega-3 fatty acids in propolisols, beebread, bee pollen, and honey.