## 6 Case Study
### Data Gathering  
The evaluation phase was conducted at the ICU cardiac surgery units at Rambam Medical Center among trained nursing staff who were using the new AnapnoGuard system for six months and at (Kaplan Medical Center, Rehovot, Israel) where there is no similar autonomic system. Hence, the team there must hand operate the actions that the AG100s system performs automatically. Phase one: exploratory interviews. Six semi-structured interviews were conducted. Participants included six volunteering nurses, three males and three females who had experienced the AG100s system. The interviews took place at Rambam Medical Center. The participants were asked to share their knowledge, opinions, and perceptions regarding ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP), the AG100s system's usability and appearance, and autonomic medical systems in general. All interviews were recorded and transcribed in full. The data were analyzed thematically. Phase two: closed-ended questionnaires. This stage was conducted in two different groups: Group A: nursing staff who were using the AG100s system at Rambam Medical Center, and Group B: nursing staff who were not familiar with the AG100s system at Kaplan Medical Center. The second group had a short training process that was similar to the routine training procedure provided at the introduction of the AG100s system at Rambam the first time. Following training, participants were asked to complete the questionnaires based on their impressions. The questionnaire included closed-ended questions according to the following chapters: Chapter A--VAP, Chapter B--Technology, and Chapter C--The AG100s system. The data collection process involved 14 questionnaires answered by medical staff who had experienced using the system at the Rambam Medical Center, two of which were eliminated because they were not fully completed. The remainder included 11 questionnaires filled out by the nursing staff and one completed by a physician. Thus, the results address only the 11 questionnaires completed by the nursing staff. Table 1 presents participant data from Rambam Hospital. In addition, we gathered 22 questionnaires from members of staff who did not experience the system themselves but who underwent initial training at the Kaplan Medical Center. Because most of them chose to ignore the question of seniority, the analysis did not address this category. Table 2 presents participant data from Kaplan Medical Center. Figure 12: Single-use disposables. Participants filled out two personal questionnaires regarding their attitude toward technology and their tendency to adopt new technologies. They were asked to rank their frequency of use of various technologies such as GPS and cloud backup on a scale of 0 = never to 5 = almost daily. The results suggest a slight gender difference, as women responded that they used a wider variety of technologies than men. The age factor did not impact the use of technology. In both hospitals, men attested to a slightly more positive attitude toward technology than women. Evaluating the correlation between the use of technology and attitude toward technology did not reveal any significant results. Participants attesting to technological orientation did not necessarily employ new technologies, and participants using technologies were not necessarily technology proficient. To evaluate the system's aesthetic perception, the participants were asked to rank their impression of its visual appearance and graphical user interface (GUI). We used adjectives such as friendly, innovative, pleasing to the eye, etc. Women gave the system's look-and-feel a higher score than men at both hospitals. Participants rated the visual appearance as pleasing to the eye (4.54 out of 5), medical (3.9 out of 5), and reliable (4 out of 5), with no significant differences between male and female responses except for device friendliness. Female nurses perceived the design of the system as friendlier (4 out of 5) than male nurses (3.16 out of 5) (Figure 13).