# Sensory Acceptance and Characterisation of Turmeric- and Black-Pepper-Enriched Ice Cream
## 3 Results and Discussion
### Sensorial Characterisation of Turmeric-Flavoured Ice cream
#### 3.3.2 CATA Sensory Profiling
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c c c} \hline \hline \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Attributes**} & **C** & **T0** & **T1** & **T2** & **Top** & **T1p** & **T2p** \\ \hline \multirow{8}{*}{Appearance and Texture} & Smooth *** & 82.52 cd & 78.64 bed & 77.67 bed & 64.08 b & 84.47 d & 68.93 bc & 49.51 a \\  & Foamy *** & 9.71 a & 13.59 ab & 18.45 ab & 20.39 ab & 26.21 ab & 28.16 b & 27.18 b \\  & Inhomogeneous * & 3.88 a & 0.00 a & 2.91 a & 8.74 a & 1.94 a & 5.83 a & 4.85 a \\  & Crystallized  ns & 6.80 a & 3.88 a & 2.91 a & 1.94 a & 1.94 a & 1.94 a & 3.88 a \\  & Sandy *** & 5.83 a & 8.74 a & 11.65 a & 30.10 b & 7.77 a & 28.16 b & 37.86 b \\  & Grainy *** & 0.00 a & 4.85 a & 2.91 a & 25.24 b & 2.91 a & 10.68 ab & 25.24 b \\  & Creamy *** & 87.38 c & 87.38 c & 80.58 bc & 64.08 ab & 85.44 c & 76.70 bc & 59.22 a \\  & Rough * & 0.97 a & 2.91 a & 1.94 a & 7.77 a & 0.97 a & 0.97 a & 8.74 a \\ \hline \multirow{8}{*}{Taste and Aroma} & Milky *** & 96.12 c & 69.90 b & 67.96 b & 45.63 a & 66.02 b & 61.17 b & 40.78 a \\  & Buttery *** & 65.05 c & 29.13 ab & 18.45 a & 16.50 a & 35.92 b & 29.13 ab & 18.45 a \\  & Sweet *** & 60.19 d & 45.63 cd & 38.83 bc & 24.27 ab & 49.51 cd & 35.92 abc & 20.39 a \\  & Bitter *** & 0.00 a & 9.71 ab & 15.53 bc & 16.50 bc & 6.80 ab & 15.53 bc & 26.21 c \\  & Hot *** & 0.00 a & 12.62 bc & 6.80 abc & 12.62 bc & 2.91 ab & 10.68 abc & 19.42 c \\  & Spicy *** & 0.00 a & 22.33 b & 32.04 bc & 43.69 cd & 18.45 b & 40.78 c & 59.22 d \\  & Peppery *** & 0.00 a & 6.80 ab & 11.65 b & 18.45 b & 16.50 bc & 30.10 cd & 44.66 d \\  & Pungent *** & 0.00 a & 1.94 ab & 12.62 bd & 23.30 d & 4.85 abc & 8.74 abcd & 15.53 cd \\  & Ginger *** & 0.00 a & 10.68 ab & 23.30 cd & 28.16 d & 14.56 bc & 22.33 bcd & 29.13 d \\  & Vanilla *** & 27.18 b & 15.53 ab & 6.80 a & 7.77 a & 14.56 abc & 10.68 a & 4.85 a \\  & Off flavour *** & 0.00 a & 28.16 bc & 36.89 c & 30.10 bc & 19.42 b & 21.36 b & 27.18 bc \\  & Pleasant *** & 65.05 c & 63.11 c & 42.72 b & 16.50 a & 60.19 c & 37.86 b & 17.48 a \\  & Unpleasant *** & 0.97 a & 4.85 a & 11.65 ab & 22.33 bc & 5.83 a & 10.68 ab & 32.04 c \\ \hline \multirow{8}{*}{Mouthfeel} & Burning *** & 1.94 a & 0.00 a & 4.85 a & 20.39 bc & 8.74 ab & 18.45 bc & 28.16 c \\  & Heat sensation *** & 1.94 a & 8.74 ab & 8.74 ab & 24.27 c & 15.53 bc & 19.42 bc & 19.42 bc \\ \cline{1-1}  & Tingling *** & 10.68 a & 22.33 abc & 25.24 bc & 27.18 bc & 11.65 ab & 22.33 abc & 35.92 c \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular} Values are percentages of frequency of selection of the CATA terms. * indicates \(p<0.05\), *** indicates \(p<0.001\), and ** indicates no significant differences among samples for [PERSON]’s Q test. Values in the same column with different superscripts are significantly different using the post hoc McNemar (Bonferroni) procedure (\(p<0.05\)). C—control sample; T0, T1, T2—samples with 0.5%, 1.0%, and 2.0% of turmeric; p—samples with added 0.02% black pepper.  
\end{table} 
Table 6: Frequency of CATA terms for the ice cream samples. can be influenced by a number of factors, and one of the most significant is the size of ice crystals that were not measured. The sensory attributes of the ice cream are summarised visually in Figure 3. The results of the CATA question were analysed with a correspondence analysis to define which sensory descriptors were responsible for the hedonic scores of ice cream samples. The first two dimensions explained 89.50% of the variation (80.30% on the first dimension and 9.21% on the second dimension). This indicates that the terms on the CATA list allowed the participants to describe the sensory differences that they perceived among the samples. The first dimension separated ice cream based on their flavour attributes: \"milky\", \"sweet\", \"buttery\", \"vanilla\", and \"pleasant\" were on the positive side, while \"hot\", \"spicy\", \"pungent\", \"bitter\", \"peppery\", and \"unpleasant\" were on the negative side.