# Advancing Data Privacy in Cloud Storage: A Novel Multi-Layer Encoding Framework
## 3 Privacy-Protecting Attributes Classification for the Storage of Cloud Data
### Design Management
#### 3.1.1 Design Features  
When considering the privacy of cloud storage, the inclusion of design elements empowers individuals working in the field to integrate diverse countermeasures [11; 14].  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{p{113.8 pt} p{113.8 pt} p{113.8 pt}} \hline \hline
**Privacy-Preserving Attribute** & **Study** & **Characteristics** \\ \hline Data auditing & [43; 46] & \(\bullet\) & Internal and external auditing mechanisms are implemented to ensure the integrity and compliance of the system, allowing for comprehensive and trustworthy assessments of the cloud storage environment. \\ Data auditing & [43; 46] & \(\bullet\) & The data block address and the corresponding data are kept in a specialized data block format, optimizing the organization and retrieval of information within the cloud storage system. \\  & & \(\bullet\) & SQL procedures and queries are utilized to facilitate efficient data management and retrieval operations, enabling seamless interaction with the cloud storage infrastructure. \\ \hline Cryptographic technique & [10; 45; 48; 49] & \(\bullet\) & Lagrange interpolation encryption is employed as a cryptographic technique to secure the data in transit or in storage, providing robust protection against unauthorized access or tampering. \\  & & \(\bullet\) & A triple-encryption scheme is implemented to enhance the security of sensitive data stored in the cloud, utilizing multiple layers of encryption for added resilience against potential attacks. \\  & & \(\bullet\) & The utilization of a hash function, along with advanced encryption standards and a shared key, re-ensures the confidentiality and integrity of data in the cloud storage system, safeguarding it from unauthorized manipulation or disclosure. \\ Cryptographic technique & [10; 45; 48; 49] & \(\bullet\) & Public-key techniques, accompanied by digital certificates, are utilized to establish secure communication channels and verify the authenticity of entities accessing the cloud storage, enhancing overall data security. \\  & & \(\bullet\) & Broadcast encryption, coupled with the SHA-1 hash function, is employed to efficiently distribute encrypted data to multiple recipients while maintaining confidentiality and ensuring that only authorized individuals can access the information. \\  & & \(\bullet\) & The Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) is applied in conjunction with the ECB (Electronic Codebook) and randomized encryption techniques to provide a high level of confidentiality and protect the privacy of data stored in the cloud. \\ \hline External assets & [12; 14; 50] & \(\bullet\) & The OTP algorithm, as specified in RFC (6238), is utilized for secure authentication and verification of cloud users, ensuring robust protection against unauthorized access. \\ External assets & [12; 14; 50] & \(\bullet\) & The Lagrange interpolation algorithm is employed as a cryptographic technique to safeguard the confidentiality and integrity of data during transit or storage in the cloud environment. \\  & & \(\bullet\) & The security and efficiency of data retrieval and storage for handling SQL queries effectively need to be enhanced. \\  & & \(\bullet\) & The monotonic encryption method is utilized to provide secure and efficient computation on encrypted data while preserving the order and integrity of the underlying information. \\ \hline Structure of the cloud storage & [36; 51] & \(\bullet\) & Single-CC structure (cloud storage system with a single cloud service provider hosting and managing data). \\  & & \(\bullet\) & Multi-CC structure (cloud storage system with multiple cloud service providers collaborating to host and manage data). \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}
Table 1: _Cont._By appropriately applying design features, a reliable platform can be established, capable of withstanding any potential breaches that may jeopardize the security of the cloud environment [52].