## 4 Discussion
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Fungus Species** & **Experimental Combination** & **Mycelium Surface and Structure** & **Obverse** & **Reverse** \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{_A. alternata_} & C5, C10, C20 & Fluffy, raised & Green-grey & Black \\ \cline{2-5}  & H5, H10, H20 & Fluffy, dense-fibrous, flat & Green-grey & Black \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{_B. cinerea_} & C5, C10, C20 & Fluffy, raised & White-grey & White-grey \\ \cline{2-5}  & H5, H10, H20 & Fluffy, raised (conical) in the middle & White & White \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{_C. coccodes_} & C5, C10, C20 & Dense, flat & Black & Black \\ \cline{2-5}  & H5, H10, H20 & Dense, flat & Black-brown & Black-brown \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{_F. avenueum_} & C5, C10, C20 & Fluffy, raised & Pink-white; pink & Chestnut \\ \cline{2-5}  & H5, H10, H20 & Fluffy, regularly raised & White-pink-purple & \multirow{2}{*}{Intensely pink} \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{_F. culmorum_} & C5, C10, C20 & Fluffy, regular uniform growth & White-pink & Purple \\ \cline{2-5}  & H5, H10, H20 & Fluffy, raised & White-pink & Purple-maroon \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{_F. graminearum_} & C5, C10, C20 & Fluffy, regular growth, raised in the center & White-pink; pink & Chestnut \\ \cline{2-5}  & H5, H10, H20 & Fluffy, regular growth, raised in the center & White-pink; pink & Chestnut \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{_F. oxysporum_} & C5, C10, C20 & Dense, leathery, flat & Purple-white & Purple \\ \cline{2-5}  & H5, H10, H20 & Dense, flat & White-gray-pink & Purple \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{_F.sporotrichoides_} & C5, C10, C20 & Fluffy, regular uniform growth & Pink-white-yellow & Chestnut \\ \cline{2-5}  & H5, H10, H20 & Fluffy, convex & White-gray-pink & Chestnut \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{_T. koningii_} & C5, C10, C20 & Fluffy, fibrous, flat & Dark green & Light green \\ \cline{2-5}  & H5, H10, H20 & Fluffy, slightly raised & Light green & Light green \\ \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 4: Selected morphological features of fungal mycelium growing on PDA medium with the addition of various concentrations of hemp extract (day 6 of the experiment). In the context of the present experiment, the hemp extract exhibited lower values for total flavonoid contents (1.55 mg\(\cdot\)mL\({}^{-1}\)) and antioxidant activity (22.93% and 32.05 mM Trolox) compared to our previously published data [48] on extracts from various species, including horseradish, common yarrow, tansy, sage, and wormwood (total flavonoid contents ranging from 1.18 to 23.06 mg\(\cdot\)mL\({}^{-1}\), antioxidant activity from 4.55% to 67.58%, and 3.06 to 102.44 mM Trolox). Nevertheless, the total polyphenol content in the tested hemp extract (149.65 mg\(\cdot\)mL\({}^{-1}\)) surpassed that of previously studied plant extracts (ranging from 20.78 to 81.95 mg\(\cdot\)mL\({}^{-1}\)) [48]. [PERSON] et al. [49] reported comparable findings, suggesting a moderate antioxidant potential of hemp flower extract (_Cannabis sativa_ L.) compared to other bioactive compounds with antifungal properties found in hemp extracts. Phenolic compounds, terpenes, and cannabinoids constitute intriguing chemical groups of secondary metabolites in hemp [50,51]. Among these, cannabinoids, as monoterpenes with an aryl group resulting from the condensation of terpenes and phenolic compounds [50,52], are particularly noteworthy due to their antimicrobial properties [53]. The content of cannabinoids is influenced by both biotic factors (plant genotype, developmental stage) and abiotic factors (nutrient availability, temperature, light). The highest concentrations of these compounds are typically found in the inflorescences, with lower levels in leaves and stems [54, 55, 56]. The primary cannabinoid in industrial hemp (fiber-type) is cannabidiol (CBD), lacking the psychoactive properties associated with THC (\(\Delta\)-9 etrahydrocannabinol). CBD is recognized for its antimicrobial, antioxidant, analgesic, anti-inflammatory, anticonvulsant, and neuroprotective functions [56,57].