# Assessment of a Location-Based Mobile Augmented-Reality Game by Adult Users with the ARCS Model
## 3 Results
As for the factor of Relevance, higher scores were reported for the age group 20-35 after training, as were for the factor of Confidence (while in the other age groups there was an overlap of the answers before and after the game training of the factor Confidence). However, the factor of Satisfaction improved after training for all age groups. The statistical comparisons among age groups and ARCS factors were carried out by means of the Learner's \(t\)-test. From Figure 2a, it follows that scores for all ARCS factors improved after training. Additionally, the standard deviations are all greater after the training of the game, which means higher heterogeneity in the assessments after training. Additionally, the participants of age group 20-35 were highly satisfied with the training of the game by reporting that training improved their Attention, Relevance, Confidence and Satisfaction. The highest statistically significant differences were observed in the age group 20-35 and were between Attention and Confidence (test statistic: \(-1.6478\), \(p\)-value = 0.0497, \(p<0.05\)) and between Attention and Relevance (test statistic: \(-1.82747\), \(p\)-value = 0.03636, \(p<0.05\)). Figure 2b displays how the factors of Attention and Satisfaction improved after training, while there was an overlap of scores related to the factors of Relevance and Confidence after training. Additionally, the standard deviation is greater after the training for the factors of Attention and Satisfaction. These results indicate that the participants of age group 36-51 were highly satisfied with the training of the game by agreeing to the fact that training improved their Attention and Satisfaction, while the factors of Relevance and Confidence remained relatively unaffected. The highest statistically significant differences observed in the age group 36-51 were between Attention-Confidence (test statistic: \(-2.43016\), \(p\)-value = 0.007546, \(p\) < 0.05), between Attention and Relevance (test statistic: \(-0.453267\), with \(p\)-value = 0.6618, \(p\) < 0.05) and between Relevance and Satisfaction (test statistic: \(-1.75794\), \(p\)-value = 0,03975, \(p\) < 0.05). From Figure 2c it follows that the scores for the factors Attention and Satisfaction also improved after training, while there was similarity of responses to the factors of Relevance and Confidence after the training of the game. It also follows that the participants of age group >52 were highly satisfied with the training of the game by agreeing to the fact that training raised their Attention and Satisfaction scores, while the factors of Relevance and Confidence remained relatively stable. The correlation among the ARCS factors was calculated before and after training with the Pearson \(r\) index (Table 5): the lowest correlation and the least significant one was for Attention, meaning that the highest impact made by training was for the factor Attention, while the impact of training was least significant in the factors of Confidence and Relevance. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c c c} \hline \hline  & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**A**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**R**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**C**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**S**} \\ \hline
**Age Group** & **b.t.** & **a.t.** & **b.t.** & **a.t.** & **b.t.** & **a.t.** & **b.t.** & **a.t.** \\ \hline
20–35 & 0.82 & 1.18 & 0.79 & 1.23 & 0.78 & 1.02 & 0.74 & 1.19 \\ \hline
36–51 & 0.39 & 0.83 & 0.73 & 0.88 & 0.56 & 0.66 & 0.58 & 0.70 \\ \hline \multicolumn{2}{c}{>52} & 0.52 & 1.16 & 0.86 & 0.98 & 0.88 & 0.91 & 0.68 & 1.02 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 4: Standard deviations of the participants’ answers per ARCS factor and per age group, before training (b.t.) and after training (a.t.). Figure 2: Mean score and the standard deviations per age group, for all questions, for the factors of Attention (A), Relevance (R), Confidence (C) and Satisfaction (S) of the ARCS model, before training (lower row) and after training (upper row).