## 3 Results
### Relationship between Ear Size and Wearing Comfort  
An independent \(t\)-test analysis was performed to determine the differences between the ear dimension clusters: length and width. Table 8 shows the results of the analysis for comfort, pain, pressure, and fixation in the area of the concha depending on the concha length. Table 9 shows the results of the analysis for comfort, pain, pressure, and fixation in the concha area, depending on the concha width. Although there was no statistically significant difference between the length and width with respect to comfort, participants with large conchas tended to evaluate high on comfort and fixation. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c} \hline \hline  & \multicolumn{3}{c}{**Cluster 1**} & \multicolumn{3}{c}{**Cluster 2**} \\ \cline{2-7}
**Variables** & **N** & **Mean** & **SD** & **N** & **Mean** & **SD** \\ \hline Concha length & 23 & 2.59 & 0.11 & 15 & 3.00 & 0.09 \\ Concha width & 22 & 2.08 & 0.17 & 16 & 1.58 & 0.15 \\ Ear canal length & 13 & 0.91 & 0.09 & 25 & 0.64 & 0.09 \\ Ear canal width & 25 & 0.65 & 0.06 & 13 & 0.49 & 0.05 \\ Ear canal–incisura intertragica length & 20 & 1.17 & 0.11 & 18 & 1.53 & 0.11 \\ Incisura intertragica–antitragus length & 20 & 0.75 & 0.12 & 18 & 1.13 & 0.18 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 7: Results of clustering ear dimensions. Figure 5: Results of ANOVA for appropriateness of product designs (**: \(p<0.01\)). Table 10 shows the results of the analysis for comfort, pain, pressure, and fixation in the ear canal area depending on the clusters of ear canal length. Table 11 shows the results of the analysis for comfort, pain, pressure, and fixation in the ear canal area depending on the clusters of ear canal width. There was no significant difference between the ear canal length and width, as was in the case of the concha. However, in the case of a cluster with a longer ear canal, the comfort and fixation scores of the earhole area tended to be high. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Dependent Variable** & **Cluster** & **N** & **Mean** & **SD** & \(t\) & \(p\) \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{Comfort of ear canal area} & Small & 100 & 4.49 & 1.69 & \multirow{2}{*}{1.97} & \multirow{2}{*}{0.06} \\  & Large & 52 & 5.04 & 1.51 & & \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{Pain of ear canal area while wearing} & Small & 100 & 2.65 & 1.62 & \multirow{2}{*}{\(-\)1.01} & \multirow{2}{*}{0.32} \\  & Large & 52 & 2.38 & 1.36 & & \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 10: Results of independent sample \(t\)-test for wearing comfort difference according to ear canal length clusters. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Dependent Variable** & **Cluster** & **N** & **Mean** & **SD** & \(t\) & \(p\) \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{Comfort of concha area} & Small & 92 & 4.74 & 1.60 & \multirow{2}{*}{\(-\)0.75} & \multirow{2}{*}{0.45} \\  & Large & 60 & 4.93 & 1.48 & & \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{Pain of concha area while wearing} & Small & 92 & 2.40 & 1.61 & \multirow{2}{*}{\(-\)0.25} & \multirow{2}{*}{0.80} \\  & Large & 60 & 2.47 & 1.41 & & \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{Pain of concha area after usage} & Small & 92 & 2.42 & 1.49 & \multirow{2}{*}{\(-\)0.72} & \multirow{2}{*}{0.47} \\  & Large & 60 & 2.60 & 1.44 & & \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{Pain of concha area while operating} & Small & 92 & 2.60 & 1.50 & \multirow{2}{*}{\(-\)0.74} & \multirow{2}{*}{0.46} \\  & Large & 60 & 2.78 & 1.54 & & \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{Pressure of concha area} & Small & 92 & 3.15 & 1.64 & \multirow{2}{*}{0.99} & \multirow{2}{*}{0.32} \\  & Large & 60 & 2.88 & 1.62 & & \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{Fixation of concha area} & Small & 92 & 4.37 & 1.71 & \multirow{2}{*}{\(-\)0.46} & \multirow{2}{*}{0.65} \\  & Large & 60 & 4.50 & 1.72 & & \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 8: Results of independent sample \(t\)-test for wearing comfort difference according to concha length clusters.