## 3 Results
### Phase I--Case Study: Experts' Modeling of Food Production Processes  
Phase I, related to the first research question, resulted in a detailed model of the codfish supply chain. At the point of sale, fresh fish can be measured by the vendor or even the consumer, with immediate response presented and printed on a sticky label that accompanies the fish fillet all the way to the consumer's kitchen. In this project, we used fish articles as food examples, of which relevant data including food quality and authenticity (FQA; e.g., species, nutritional value, freshness level) along the supply chain is exposed. We empower the consumer to ensure that the specific fish she or he is buying is authentic, what its various nutritional values are, and additional details of interest, such as the place and time of catch and possibly even details of the fishing vessel and captain. The comparison of the freshness value at the point of sale to that at the point of packaging will inform the customer about the level of degradation in quality, which should be minimized and can be a new factor in determining the price of the fish, in addition to the species and the weight. Following are the diagrams presenting the model. Figure 3 presents the SD level--model and OPL. The main process in the model in Figure 3 is **Cod Tracking**, which changes the **Nutrition Value Knowledge** of the **Household Member Group** from **low** to **high**. This is the benefit of the **Cod Tracking** process. Links in OPM are of several kinds. For example, in Figure 3, the double arrowhead link between the process **Cod Tracking** and the object **Supply Chain Group** is an effect link, implying that the process affects the object. The \"white lollipop\" between **TRACOD System** and **Cod Tracking** is an instrument link, implying that **TRACOD System** is required for **Cod Tracking**. These facts are also expressed textually in the same figure. Figure 3: System diagram (SD) of codfish supply chain OPM model prepared by food and modeling experts. This model was analyzed according to STAR*. Table 6 presents the scoring of the SD level according to this rubric. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c} \hline \hline
**Attribute** & **Scoring** & **Examples in the Model** \\ \hline \multirow{6}{*}{A1-Intended Purpose} & 2 points. The beneficiary-Household Member Group, exhibits the benefit- Nutrition Value Knowledge at state high. \\ \cline{1-1}  & 2 points. The beneficiary-Household Member Group, exhibits the benefit- Nutrition Value Knowledge at state high. \\ \hline \multirow{6}{*}{A2-Main Function} & 2 points. Cod Tracking transforms (in this case-changes) Nutrition Value Knowledge. \\ \cline{1-1}  & 1 point. Two diagrams are included. \\ \cline{1-1}  & 1 point. The object Nutrition Value Knowledge is phrased in a meaningful way. \\ \hline \multirow{6}{*}{A5-Structural relations} & 1 point. Two different links: exhibition-characterization and tagged link. \\ \cline{1-1}  & 1 point. Two different links: instrument link and effect link. \\ \hline \multirow{6}{*}{A6-Procedural relations} & 1 point. Two different links: Instrument link and effect link. \\ \cline{1-1}  & 1 point. Two different links: Instrument link and effect link. \\ \hline \multirow{6}{*}{A9-OPL main process functional sentences} & \multirow{6}{*}{1 point.} \\ \cline{1-1}  & & \\ \cline{1-1}  & 1 point. \\ \cline{1-1}  & 1 point. \\ \cline{1-1}  & 1 point. \\ \cline{1-1}  & 1 point. \\ \cline{1-1}  & 1 point. \\ \cline{1-1}  & 1 point. \\ \cline{1-1}  & 1 point. \\ \cline{1-1}  & 1 point. \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 6: STAR* analysis of codfish supply chain model—SD level. Figure 4 presents SD1 level of the codfish supply chain model. This is the first detail level of the model in Figure 3. It presents the sub-processes of the Cod Tracking process and the objects that are involved in this process. The OPL and analysis of the model in Figure 4 (based on the STAR* for assessing SD1) appear in Appendix A.