# A B5G Non-Terrestrial-Network (NTN) and Hybrid Constellation Based Data Collection System (DCS)
## 8 Conclusions  
In this paper, a B5G NTN and hybrid CubeSat constellation-based date collection system are introduced. After analyzing related work, a hybrid constellation consisting of 42 CubeSats is designed. There is a Walker constellation and a Polar constellation in hybrid topology. A B5G-based network design realizes the integration of a terrestrial B5G network and a CubeSat network. The payload data of CubeSats will be transmitted over terrestrial B5G network. A load balance analysis not only illustrates the performance of the CubeSat constellation but also assists CubeSat operation. All payload receivers are realized by software defined radio platforms. The GRC flow designs contain a variety of  
Figure 16: Average number of downlink packets of single CubeSat.  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Link Num** & **Start** & **Over** & **Duration (s)** & **Regions** & **Highest Pitch** & **Shortest** \\  & & & & & **Angle (°)** & **Distance (KM)** \\ \hline
1 & 09:07:57 & 09:14:16 & 379 & Haerbin & 24.5 & 1097 \\
2 & 09:13:00 & 09:17:28 & 268 & Shanghai & 15.0 & 1456 \\
3 & 10:41:54 & 10:48:14 & 380 & Haerbin & 25.4 & 1073 \\
4 & 10:46:06 & 10:52:14 & 358 & Shanghai & 23.1 & 1108 \\
5 & 10:45:28 & 10:52:46 & 438 & Xi’an & 46.1 & 701 \\
6 & 10:48:04 & 10:54:42 & 398 & Yunnan & 28.8 & 969 \\
7 & 12:19:27 & 12:25:48 & 381 & Xinjiang & 25.0 & 1077 \\
8 & 12:20:18 & 12:27:21 & 442 & Qinghai & 36.7 & 821 \\
9 & 12:24:04 & 12:26:00 & 116 & Yunnan & 10.8 & 1695 \\
10 & 13:53:41 & 13:59:16 & 335 & Xinjiang & 19.7 & 1255 \\
11 & 19:50:24 & 19:55:22 & 296 & Haerbin & 16.4 & 1405 \\
12 & 21:19:16 & 21:26:43 & 446 & Shanghai & 56.6 & 618 \\
13 & 21:23:00 & 21:30:13 & 433 & Haerbin & 37.3 & 820 \\
14 & 21:23:01 & 21:26:17 & 195 & Xian & 12.3 & 1615 \\
15 & 22:52:40 & 23:00:13 & 453 & Yunnan & 76.6 & 536 \\
16 & 22:54:51 & 23:01:46 & 414 & Xi’an & 32.2 & 902 \\
17 & 22:55:03 & 23:02:12 & 428 & Qinghai & 39.0 & 791 \\
18 & 23:00:20 & 23:02:29 & 129 & Xinjiang & 10.9 & 1700 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}
Table 7: Link status in 24 h.  
different signal modes. A series of simulations about orbit topology and SDR are used to verify DCS. As the results show, the specific constellation has a high connection duration and high efficiency, and the SDR design can satisfy multiple signal modes at the same time. The specific data collection system fully meets the requirements of NTN applications.  
Conceptualization, Y.J.; methodology, Y.J.; software, Y.J.; validation, Y.J.; formal analysis, Y.J.; investigation, Y.J.; resources, Y.J., W.H., W.L., S.W., X.W. and Q.M.; data curation, Y.J.; writing--original draft preparation, Y.J.; writing--review and editing, Y.J., W.H., W.L., S.W., X.W. and Q.M.; visualization, Y.J., Q.M.; supervision, Y.J., S.W.; project administration, Y.J., S.W. and Q.M.; funding acquisition, Y.J., W.L. and X.W. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.  
This work is supported by the Research on Networking Transmission Strategy for Large-Scale Satellite Constellation on Grant 23 GFH-HT01-082.  
The authors declare no conflict of interest.