# Patterns and Practices in the Use of Endodontic Materials: Insights from Romanian Dental Practices
## 3 Results
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c c c c c} \hline \hline  & \multicolumn{10}{c}{**Graduation Year**} \\ \cline{2-10}  & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**A**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**B**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**C**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**D**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Total**} \\ \cline{2-10}  & **n** & \%** & **n** & \%** & **n** & \%** & **n** & \%** & **n** & **\%** \\ \hline Other & 6 & 0.7\% & 36 & 4.18\% & 60 & 6.96\% & 40 & 4.64\% & 142 & 16.47\% \\ Antibiotic paste & 24 & 2.78\% & 26 & 3.02\% & 24 & 2.78\% & 14 & 1.62\% & 88 & 10.21\% \\ Ca(OH)\({}_{2}\) & 25 & 2.9\% & 158 & 18.33\% & 178 & 20.65\% & 216 & 25.06\% & 577 & 66.94\% \\ CHI\({}_{3}\) & 7 & 0.81\% & 16 & 1.86\% & 14 & 1.62\% & 18 & 2.09\% & 55 & 6.38\% \\ Total & 62 & 7.19\% & 236 & 27.38\% & 276 & 32.02\% & 288 & 33.41\% & 862 & 100\% \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular} Chi-square test; \(p<0.001\).  
\end{table} 
Table 4: Association between graduation year and intracanal medication used. Figure 4: Association between graduation year and intracanal medication used. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c c c c c c} \hline \hline  & \multicolumn{10}{c}{**Graduation Year**} \\ \cline{2-11}  & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**A**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**B**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**C**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**D**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Total**} \\ \cline{2-11}  & **n** & **\%** & **n** & **\%** & **n** & **\%** & **N** & **\%** & **n** & **\%** \\ \hline Zinc oxide eugenol & 22 & 2.55\% & 52 & 6.03\% & 56 & 6.5\% & 42 & 4.87\% & 172 & 19.95\% \\ Epoxy resin & 10 & 1.16\% & 94 & 10.9\% & 100 & 11.6\% & 102 & 11.83\% & 306 & 35.5\% \\ Ca(OH)\({}_{2}\) & 21 & 2.44\% & 52 & 6.03\% & 56 & 6.5\% & 74 & 8.58\% & 203 & 23.55\% \\ Other & 8 & 0.93\% & 14 & 1.62\% & 26 & 3.02\% & 18 & 2.09\% & 66 & 7.66\% \\ Bioceramic sealer & 1 & 0.12\% & 24 & 2.78\% & 38 & 4.41\% & 52 & 6.03\% & 115 & 13.34\% \\ Total & 62 & 7.19\% & 236 & 27.38\% & 276 & 32.02\% & 288 & 33.41\% & 862 & 100\% \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 6: Sealer used by graduation year. Figure 5: Association between graduation year and filling techniques. Figure 6: Sealer used by graduation year. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c c c c c} \hline \hline  & \multicolumn{10}{c}{**Graduation Year**} \\ \cline{2-11}  & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**A**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**B**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**C**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**D**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Total**} \\ \cline{2-11}  & **n** & **\%** & **n** & **\%** & **n** & **\%** & **N** & **\%** & **n** & **\%** \\ \hline Cold techniques & 47 & 5.45\% & 66 & 7.66\% & 76 & 8.82\% & 34 & 3.94\% & 223 & 25.87\% \\ Warm techniques & 15 & 1.74\% & 170 & 19.72\% & 200 & 23.2\% & 254 & 29.47\% & 639 & 74.13\% \\ Total & 62 & 7.19\% & 236 & 27.38\% & 276 & 32.02\% & 288 & 33.41\% & 862 & 100\% \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 5: Filling techniques used according to graduation year. Table 7 and Figure 7 show the number of treatments and retreatments performed by practitioners over the course of one month. The data reveals that the number of retreatments compared to treatments is inversely proportional to the year of graduation. Specifically,  
* Practitioners who graduated before 2006 performed about three times fewer retreatments than treatments. * Those who graduated between 2007 and 2014 performed about four times fewer retreatments than treatments. * Practitioners who graduated between 2015 and 2023 performed about six times fewer retreatments than treatments. Table 8 indicates that more than half of the study participants performed endodontic treatment in two sessions.