# Distributed Edge Computing to Assist Ultra-Low-Latency VANET Applications
## 4 Latency-Aware Offloading Algorithm for Multilevel MEC VANET System
### Annotation
Figure 15: System comparison in terms of task blocking. The RSU, in turn, was implemented on the basis of a MikroTik RouterBOARD 435G motherboard and a MikroTik RouterBOARD R52n-M miniPCI network card. Table 8 shows the characteristics of the RouterBOARD 435G, while Table 9 shows the characteristics of the Router BOARD R52n-M.

## 7 Conclusions

Currently, the situation of roads becomes increasingly tense due to the increase in the number of cars, the scaling of the road transport network, population growth, and many other factors. In this work, we have developed an intelligent transport system based on MEC and SDN technologies to automate traffic, increase driver and pedestrian safety, and monitor traffic violations. The system deploys the distributed SDN scheme to manage and control MEC servers connected to RSU stations. The system addresses the problems of inefficient data routing and latency, associated with ITS. The introduction \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c} \hline \hline  & **RouterBOARD 435 G** \\ \hline CPU & AR7100 680 MHz network processor \\ Memory & 256 MB onboard memory \\ Boot loader & RouterBOOT \\ Ethernet & Three 10/1000 Mbit/s Ethernet ports supporting Auto-MDI/X \\ MiniPCI slot & Five miniPCI Type IIIA/IIB ports with 3.3 V power signaling \\ Expansion & 2 \(\times\) USB 2.0 ports with 5 V powering \\ Memory card slot & 1 \(\times\) microSD \\ Serial port & DB9 RS232C asynchronous serial port \\ LEDs & Power and User LED \\ Beeper & + \\ Power jack: 8–30 VDC \\ Powering & PoE: 8–30 V passive (803.af not supported) \\ Fans & Up to 4 fans (connectors provided no fans included) \\ Dimensions & \(105\times 155\times 32\) mm, 165 g (note: miniPCI slots on the bottom of the device \\  & extend 21 mm deep, without miniPCI cards mounted) \\ Temperature & Operational: –20 \({}^{\circ}\)C to +65 \({}^{\circ}\)C (\(-4\)\({}^{\circ}\)F to 149 \({}^{\circ}\)F) \\ Humidity & Operational: up to 70\% relative humidity (non-condensing) \\ Operating System & RouterOS v5, Level5 license \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 8: Characteristics of the board Router BOARD 435G. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c} \hline \hline
**802.11 b** & **RX Sensitivity** & **Composite TX Power** \\ \hline
1 Mbit & –95 & 20 \\ entry 2 & –91 & 21 \\ \hline \multicolumn{3}{c}{**802.11 g**} \\ \hline
6 Mbit & –95 & 23 \\
54 Mbit & –81 & 19 \\ \hline \multicolumn{3}{c}{**802.11 n 2.4 GHz**} \\ \hline MCS0 20 MHz & –95 & 21 \\ MCS0 40 MHz & –90 & 21 \\ MCS0 20 MHz & –78 & 17 \\ MCS0 40 MHz & –75 & 16 \\ \hline \multicolumn{3}{c}{**802.11 a**} \\ \hline
6 Mbit & –95 & 21 \\
54 Mbit & –80 & 17 \\ \hline \multicolumn{3}{c}{**802.11 n 5 GHz**} \\ \hline MCS0 20 MHz & –95 & 21 \\ MCS0 40 MHz & –92 & 19 \\ MCS0 20 MHz & –77 & 16 \\ MCS0 40 MHz & –74 & 13 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 9: Characteristics of the board Router BOARD R52n-M.

of MEC and SDN with the developed offloading algorithm achieved better efficiency in terms of packet delivery time and packet loss. Furthermore, the traffic offloaded to the core network is reduced and thus, reduces network congestion. During the work on this subject, we considered the most promising approaches to the management of ITS, identified key indicators of the functioning of VANET segments, and experimentally proved the advantages of software-defined network management for ITS. A series of experiments were conducted with different densities and different speeds of traffic at different locations relative to RSUs. The experimental results validate the proposed structure and the comprised algorithms. Conceptualization, A.V. and A.K. ([PERSON]); funding acquisition, A.V. ; investigation, A.K. ([PERSON]), A.M. and A.A.A. ; methodology, A.M. and A.K. ([PERSON]); project administration, A.V. ; software, A.K. ([PERSON]), A.M. and A.A.A. ; validation, A.K. ([PERSON]); visualization, A.K. ([PERSON]); writing--original draft, A.M. and A.A.A. ; writing--review & editing, A.V. and A.K.