## 3 Summary of Paleoseismological Observations  
The Maymundagi fault zone, forming the northern boundary of the Acigol graben, consists of the NE-SW trending Dazzuri segment extending approximately 13 km to the east and the E-W trending Bozkurt segment approximately 17 km long to the west. Paleoseismological investigations were conducted at two separate trenches in the middle sections of the likely younger Bozkurt segment to the west. In Trench-1, excavated 15 m to the west, two distinct fault zones were identified. A minor slip was observed in the NE observed fault zone, while a larger slip and different lithological levels were noted along the fault zone in the middle of the trench. Thus, the zone with greater slip is interpreted as the main fault zone. Data indicate that fault segments within this zone were active in two separate periods in the past. A fault segment north of the zone, which is approximately 1.5 m wide, was covered by Unit F. A segment located a few centimeters south of the same fault cut Unit F, generating a 42 cm dip slip. This fracture was also covered by Unit G above. Radiocarbon dating from the base level of Unit F (sample SAH-8) provided an age of 1322 years, while the base level of Unit G (sample SAH-7) offered an age of 598 years. The displacement measured here was 42 cm, suggesting an earthquake-generating surface rupture occurred within 724 years, with an estimated slip rate of 0.58 mm/year. Additionally, the earthquake's magnitude, based on the [42] equation, is estimated to be around M = 6.5 (Figure 21). Although the discussed segment covers an area of about 17 km in the study area, the surface rupture length should be between 23 and 24 km, according to the Wells and Coppersmith graph. As a result, surface ruptures resulting from separate earthquakes that occurred approximately 598 years ago and 1322 years ago developed in the same region. Based on these data, the calibrated calendar range of  
Figure 20: Distant and close view of lithologies from 0–3 m from NW inside Trench-3 (View towards N). A: A close look at the fault plane in trench 3.  
the earthquake, which occurred approximately 1322 years ago, is 655-774 A.D, while the calibrated calendar range of the earthquake, which subsequently occurred approximately 598 years ago, is 1304-1405 A.D. The age of the 14C sample taken from Trench-1 opened on the eastern flank of the Maymundag fault zone, provides the closest age data we have to the present day. Based on data obtained from the trenches, this fault ruptured approximately 598 years ago, and its calibrated calendar age is 1304-1405 AD. When the calculated 724-year recurrence period is added to the calibrated calendar years, it can be predicted that this fault may produce an earthquake again in the future between 2028 and 2129 AD. However, these data may not be sufficient for a sound interpretation. Approximately 2 km of Trench-1 was opened on the E-W trending Bozkurt segment, and Trench-2 was opened on the same fault zone where the fault was detected. The age of the radiocarbon sample taken from the base level of Unit D, which covers the fault, is 2370 years (SAH-9). At this location, the fault was dated approximately 2370 years ago, corresponding to the calibrated calendar date of 517-392 BC. Since no other fractures or age analyses were detected in the trench, it is difficult to make paleoseismological interpretations. The Dazzkur segment, eastward of the Maymundag fault zone, is oriented NE-SW, contrasting with the westward Bozkurt segment-oriented E-W. While the fan deposits accumulated significantly ahead of the Bozkurt segment, the same deposits in front of the Dazzkur segment are less. Despite the clear fault linearity in morphology, no data on fault linearity were observed on the stiff conglomerates at the base block. Therefore, the NE-SW trending segment may have occurred in the period before the E-W trending segments. The same circumstances exist south of the graben. For the seismic history of the Dazzkur segment, Trench-3 was opened, and the fault zone was identified.