### Life Cycle Assessment
#### 2.6.8 Use and Maintenance  
* Maintenance  
This maintenance analysis and repair phase was divided into two main processes: (a) 1 simple visual inspection every year; (b) 1 leading inspection every 5 years [63]. Accidental repairs were not considered due to the data availability. The following inspection procedures were adopted based on Manual Statens Vegvesen n. 136 [59] and Dequidt [31] for the 100 years: (a) Simple visual inspection, every year; no special equipment is necessary for this checkup. Therefore, the impact of this stage derives from the team transportation to the bridge location, which can be achieved by 1 vehicle, also considering the return from the inspection site (20 km). (b) Main inspection, every 5 years; this inspection type requires an elevator. It was estimated that the machine would be rented at a 50 km distance from the bridge site in the metropolitan region of the state of Espirito Santo. Hence, the transportation amounted to 1000 km, based on 100 years total service life. This paper selected a building elevator from the database, considering the machine would be working 8 h, totaling 160 h in 100 years. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Main Process** & **Flux Type** & **Flux** & **Value** & **Unit** \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{\begin{tabular}{c} GP, rotary dryer \\ (1 kg) \\ \end{tabular} } & Materials & GP (naturally dried) & 1.04 & kg \\ \cline{2-5}  & Energy & Heat, natural gas & 0.276 & MJ \\ \cline{2-5}  & Emissions & Evaporated water & 0.04 & dm\({}^{3}\) \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{\begin{tabular}{c} GP, spray dryer after \\ press filter (1 kg) \\ \end{tabular} } & Materials & GP, cake (press filter) & 1.15 & kg \\ \cline{2-5}  & Energy & Heat, natural gas & 1.2 & MJ \\ \cline{2-5}  & Emissions & Evaporated water & 0.15 & dm\({}^{3}\) \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{\
\begin{tabular}{c} GP, natural drying \\ (1 kg) \\ \end{tabular} } & Materials & GP, cake (press filter) & 1.106 & kg \\ \cline{2-5}  & Energy & Machine & 0.046 & s/kg \\ \cline{2-5}  & Energy & Electricity & 0.000156 & kWh \\ \cline{2-5}  & Emissions & Evaporated water & 0.106 & dm\({}^{3}\) \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{
\begin{tabular}{c} GP, milling process \\ (1 kg) \\ \end{tabular} } & Materials & Glass waste & 1.0 & kg \\ \cline{2-5}  & Energy & Electricity & 0.01180 & kWh \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 6: Life Cycle Inventory: milling and drying of the waste glass powder. * Repairs  
The service life of the materials was determined in laboratory tests to assess the repair necessity over time. According to NBR 6118 [47], for aggressive marine environments, the adoption of 50 mm prestressed concrete cover in slabs is recommended. Therefore, based on the chloride migration and diffusion tests results, it was possible to obtain the non-stationary chloride diffusion coefficients and estimate the service life, obtaining the following results regarding the repair periods presented in Figure 12.  
In the repair life cycle stage, this paper considered that part of the concrete cover would be replaced by the same material provided for the solution. In addition to the concrete execution, the operation of a 1 \(\pm\) 1.0 kW breaker hammer was also estimated. Concrete demolition yield considered was 1 m\({}^{3}\) period for 1 h with a breaker hammer  
The repair paper was constituted of (considering the 100-year horizon): (a) people displacement using light vehicles; (b) demolition of damaged concrete; (c) repair with concrete (most representative elements). The repair activities adopted the premises described by [PERSON] [22]: The first repair activity occurs at the end of the estimated service life for each concrete mixture. In general, the higher service life of concrete leads to fewer repair needs and less material is consumed, considering the total service life of 100 years for the bridge. Furthermore, this study did not consider the environmental impact associated with other equipment related to concrete repairs.