## 1 Introduction  
Power electronics DC-DC converters find wide-ranging applications in various fields, including hybrid energy systems (that use two or more renewable energy resources), hybrid vehicles (that use energy storage systems and fuel energy), aerospace, satellite technology, and portable electronic devices. Extensive research efforts have been dedicated to improving the reliability, efficiency, modularity, and cost-effectiveness of these converters. The evolution of DC-DC converter topologies has led to the development of versatile solutions capable of handling multiple applications and output voltage levels. However, as the demands for advanced power conversion systems continue to grow, it becomes evident that no single topology can fully meet all the diverse requirements of cost-effectiveness, reliability, flexibility, efficiency, and modularity. Hybrid DC-DC converters have emerged as a promising approach to addressing these challenges effectively. Hybrid DC-DC converters combine multiple converter topologies or techniques to achieve specific performance objectives. By integrating the advantages of different converter types, these hybrid solutions can optimize efficiency, voltage regulation, power density, and other desired characteristics. Extensive investigations and analyses of various hybrid converter configurations have been conducted and documented in the literature. This paper presents a comprehensive overview of different hybrid DC-DC converter topologies, highlighting their advantages and providing literature reviews for each one. The goal is to explore the potential of hybrid converters as versatile solutions for power electronics applications. By identifying the strengths and weaknesses of various hybrid configurations, researchers and practitioners can better design and implement efficient power conversion systems tailored to meet the specific requirements of diverse applications. The insights gained from the literature review will pave the way for the development of innovative and optimized hybrid DC-DC converters capable of addressing the evolving needs of modern power electronics technology. The buck-boost converter offers several distinct advantages in DC-DC power conversion. One of its benefits is the ability to regulate the output voltage efficiently, ensuring a stable voltage level even when the input voltage fluctuates or is higher or lower than the desired output. Moreover, its bidirectional operation allows for both step-up and step-down voltage conversion, offering versatility for a wide range of applications [1]. In [2], the SEPIC-Cuk converter has the ability to provide noninverting voltage conversion. The output voltage can be either higher or lower than the input voltage. This flexibility is valuable in applications where the input voltage varies or is unstable. The converter also features continuous input and output current, enabling it to handle varying load demands efficiently. Additionally, the SEPIC-Cuk converter's bidirectional operation makes it suitable for battery charging applications, where it can efficiently step up or step down the voltage as needed. The limitation of the SEPIC-Cuk converter is the complexity of the design. Ref. [3] introduced flyback-forward converter; this hybrid configuration has the ability to provide isolated output, making it suitable for applications where galvanic isolation is necessary to ensure safety and reduce noise interference. The flyback-forward converter also offers a wide input voltage range and good voltage regulation capabilities, accommodating varying input voltages and providing stable output. Moreover, it can efficiently step up or step down the voltage, allowing for versatile voltage conversion. Its complex topology makes the design and control more challenging compared to individual converters, potentially leading to higher development costs. In [4], the full-bridge LLC (LCC) converter is a popular DC-DC converter topology known for its high efficiency and robust performance.