## 3 Results and Discussion
### Nanocoated Fabric Pull-Out Properties
#### 3.2.2 Single and Multiple Nanocoated Fabric Crimp Extension and Pull-Out Force Results  
Single and multiple crimp extension and pull-out force values corresponding to the increase in fabric length are provided in Table 3. Figure 7 shows the single and multiple (two yams and three yams) crimp extensions and pull-out forces corresponding to the fabric lengths for nanocoated p-aramid fabric structures. The single-yarn crimp extension versus pull-out force data, presented in Table 3 and Figure 7a, indicate that as fabric length increases, yarn crimp extension and pull-out force exhibit an approximately linear increase. The highest pull-out force was observed in the BPO structure, followed sequentially by MPO, KPO, and GPO structures. This phenomenon can be attributed to the presence of B4C at the warp-wett interlacement regions and surfaces of the para-aramid fabric, which enhances yarn-to-yarn friction partly due to its large surface area and their geometries and partly due to the placement between filaments [17,41,42, 43]. A comparable pattern was identified in the MPO structure. However, in the GPO structure, it was noted that the GNPs act as a type of lubricant during the pull-out process, reducing fiber-to-fiber friction compared to the KPO structure [33]. This reduction is likely due to the smooth planar surfaces of the plate-like GNPs, which facilitate sliding motion both among themselves and with the fibers during the application of pull-out force. Meanwhile, the highest single-yarn crimp extension was observed in the BPO structure, followed sequentially by MPO, GPO, and KPO structures. This can be attributed to the additional friction exerted by B4C at the warp-wett interlacement regions of the para-aramid fabric, which enhances the crimp extension resistance. Consequently, additional crimp straightening is achieved on the warp yarn until the initial interlacement rupture phase. A similar phenomenon was obtained in the MPO and GPO structures. However, in the KPO structure, the lower crimp extension value is likely due to the smooth surface of the para-aramid fibers, which limits crimp extension to minor yarn-to-yarn slippage within the fabric structure. The two-yarn crimp extension versus pull-out force data, presented in Table 3 and Figure 7b, indicate that as fabric length increases, there is a rapid and significant linear increase in yarn crimp extension and pull-out force. The highest two-yarn pull-out force was observed in the BPO structure, followed sequentially by MPO, KPO, and GPO structures. A similar pattern was observed in the MPO structure. However, the two-yarn pull-out force of the GPO structure was low compared to the KPO. Further, the two yarn pull-out force of BPO was several times higher than that of the KPO, whereas the MPO was almost twice that of the KPO. On the contrary, the highest two-yarn crimp extension was obtained in the BPO structure, followed by MPO, KPO, and GPO structures, respectively. In addition, the two-yarn crimp extension of the BPO structure was over twice greater than the remaining structures. The three-yarn crimp extension versus pull-out force data, presented in Table 3 and Figure 7c, indicate that as fabric length increases, there is a sharp and steep rise in yarn crimp extension and pull-out force. The highest three-yarn pull-out force was observed in the BPO structure, followed by MPO, KPO, and GPO structures, respectively. An almost identical pattern was identified in the MPO structure. However, the three-yarn pull-out force of the GPO structure was low compared to the KPO. Moreover, the three-yarn pull-out force of the BPO was extraordinarily higher than that of the remaining structures. On the contrary, the highest three-yarn crimp extension was obtained in the BPO structure, followed by MPO, GPO, and KPO, respectively. In addition, the three-yarn crimp extension of the BPO structure was approximately twice greater than the other structures. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c c} \hline \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**Label**} & **Fabric** &