## 1 Introduction
### Related Research
#### 1.1.2 IFC-Based BPS  
The use of Building Information Modeling (BIM) as a collaborative approach for building design is widely used in the European Union, but the implementation is heterogeneous [28]. IFC [8] is used as an open data exchange format for BIM data. The IFC-based setup of BPS models has been widely discussed in related research, but the IFC-based process still leads to errors (e.g., syntax, geometry, semantics, consistency) [29; 30; 31]. So far, the processes are not sufficiently supported and integrated by available software tools, preventing them from being more widely adopted in industry. The basic concept of translating IFC-based geometry into BPS models utilizes the second level space boundaries (IFC4: _IfcRelSpaceBoundary2 ndLevel_), initially introduced by [PERSON] [32]. These space boundaries describe the virtual heat-transmitting surfaces in-between thermal zones and the building's surroundings, considering adjacent thermal zones and building constructions. While some studies discuss methods for generating second-level space boundaries for building simulation [33; 34; 35; 36; 37; 38; 39] or directly integrate space boundary generation methods in their IFC-based BPS approaches [39; 40; 41], other studies rely on the IFC4 schema-conform definition of space boundaries for the (semi-)automaticgeneration of BPS models [9; 42; 43; 44; 45]. To be able to rely on the quality of provided space boundaries, a validation and/or a correction process may need to be applied, as proposed by [PERSON] and [PERSON] [29], [PERSON] et al. [30]. At least for minor corrections (e.g., surface normal orientation), the correction process, in most cases, has less computational costs than generating new space boundaries and should be preferred over generating a full set of new space boundaries. With its modular and open-source approach for IFC-based BPS simulations, the bim2 sim tool [9; 10] provides a solid base for adapting the EnergyPlus-based BPS methods toward thermal comfort analysis. The bim2 sim tool aims to support engineers with a geometric and semantic simulation model setup using IFC and template-based data. This drastically reduces the manual model setup time, while only minor manual model corrections are required after applying the bim2 sim tool [10]. The structure of this open-source framework is displayed in Figure 1, showing the central data processing and enrichment steps for the two BPS plugins PluginEnergyPlus and PluginTEASER, using EnergyPlus and Modelica as simulation backends, respectively. A similar approach is available for HVAC simulations with the PluginAixLib, also using Modelica as a simulation backend. The modular approach of the bim2 sim tool and the integrated HVAC simulation support the future implementation of a dynamic co-simulation setup of BPS and HVAC, which is not part of the proposed methods but could also be extended for the application of thermal comfort. The initial implementation of the bim2 sim framework also includes plugins for exporting CFD boundary conditions for use in the commercial CFD-Software ANSYS FLUENT (Version 2022 R2) and an initial implementation supporting Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) [10]. All plugins start with the shared process of loading the IFC data. In the next step, the required elements for the BPS domain are created for the respective process (e.g., walls, slabs, windows, doors, and space boundaries). The available element properties within the IFC are identified, evaluated, and enriched (user input- or template-based) if properties are missing. This process is followed by plugin-specific settings, the export for the simulation backend, and the simulation itself. The template-based enrichment in bim2 sim builds on archetypal templates (e.g., for zone usage), which are derived within TEASER [46].