## 2 Materials and Methods
### Main Study
#### 3.3.1 Results with the Substrate Influence  
The detailed results of the tear-off test are presented in (Figure 15), which represent the arithmetical mean of three measurements. Figure 14: (a) Cohesive failure; (b) substrate failure. Figure 15: Results of the tear-off test, tensile strength. For comparison, it is interesting to express the values in percentages (Table 3). The failure of the substrate manifested especially in the case of ceramic material. The ceramic shard probably lost the most of its strength during the freezing cycles, which indicate low freeze-thaw resistance of used ceramic bricks accompanied by cracks propagation. The decay of strength of the ceramic shard was evidenced especially in case of the bituminous screed. Thus, the adhesive strength of the waterproofing screed was higher than the tensile strength of the substrate material after freeze-thaw cycles. The measured values were retained mainly because the boundary conditions were the same for all examined waterproofing screeds. Results--Bituminous Screeds  
As mentioned above, in the case of bituminous screeds, the greatest damage in the ceramic specimens was caused due to the failure of the substrate. Therefore, the values measured on the ceramic shard cannot be considered as the adhesion of the screed. Thus, it can be assumed that the bitumen screed cohesion exceeds the tensile strength of the used ceramic. In the case of lime-sand bricks, marl stone and concrete, the values are already suitable for making a comparison of the adhesion, which was the goal of this experiment. The best cohesion and interaction can be observed on the marl substrate in the range of 1.62-1.51 MPa. In the experiment, the measured values were by about 20% higher than those for lime sand, 1.42-1.18 MPa, and by 45% higher than those for concrete, 1.09-0.73 MPa. At the same time, the influence of the freezing cycles on the durability and adhesion of the bitumen screed is visible from Figures 16 and 17. Comparing the reference specimen and the tested specimen after 15 freezing cycles, there was a decay of adhesion to 84%, and, after additional 15 cycles, the original strength had dropped to 81%. Thus, the total loss between 15 and 30 cycles is marginal. The test results have shown that further freezing cycles already have a minimal effect on the overall adhesion. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c} \hline \hline
**Type of the Screeds** & **Type of Substrate** & \
\begin{tabular}{c} **After 15 Freezing** \\ **Cycles** \\ \end{tabular} &
\begin{tabular}{c} **After 30 Freezing** \\ **Cycles** \\ \end{tabular} \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{Bituminous Screeds} & Ceramics & 64.0\% & 36.3\% \\  & Lime sand & 84.1\% & 83.1\% \\  & Marl & 97.8\% & 93.0\% \\  & Concrete & 68.8\% & 67.1\% \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{Polymer Screeds} & Ceramics & 98.1\% & 75.4\% \\  & Lime sand & 92.4\% & 73.3\% \\  & Marl & 95.1\% & 93.1\% \\  & Concrete & 90.9\% & 56.5\% \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{Silicate (Mineral) Screeds} & Ceramics & 96.7\% & 87.7\% \\  & Lime sand & 96.9\% & 77.9\% \\ \cline{1-1}  & Marl & 97.7\% & 95.2\% \\ \cline{1-1}  & Concrete & 91.0\% & 62.4\% \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 3: Residual strength in percentage. Results--Polymer Screeds  
In opposition to the bituminous screeds described above, polymers screeds have achieved higher adhesion to the substrate (Figures 16 and 17). The highest adhesion and interaction can be observed on the lime sand substrate in the range of 2.68-1.96 MPa. In the experiment, the measured values were by about 23% higher than those for marl, 1.9-1.77 MPa, by 38% higher than those for concrete, 1.79-1.01 MPa, and by 51% higher than those for ceramic material, 1.27-0.96 MPa. The effect of the freezing cycles on the screeds' adhesion is the most significant between 15 and 30 cycles. Here, the difference between bitumen and silicate (mineral) screeds can be observed.