## 3 Results
### Parameters of Strong Ground Motion
High-velocity pulse motions can adversely affect the seismic response of physical systems [57]. Amplification greater than 1.5\(\times\) suggests significant dynamic flexibility. Eurocode 8 [58] recommends conducting acceleration checks for non-structural elements on the sixth floor when the amplification factor exceeds 1.5. Substantial directional amplification may exceed limits for unrestrained facade or parquet elements. A vertical acceleration greater than 0.3 g (\(\approx\)29.43 cm/s\({}^{2}\)) may require checks on vertical anchorage and diaphragms, as per ASCE 7-16 [59]. This analysis helps to understand the behavior of seismic waves as they interact with geological features, including faults and various rock types. Displacement patterns influence the response of buildings and infrastructure, informing the design of structures to withstand such movements. They also reveal ground anisotropy, essential for accurate modeling and engineering applications. Local site conditions influence ground motion, which facilitates more accurate seismic hazard assessments and informed urban planning. Understanding these patterns aids emergency response planning, identifying vulnerable infrastructure, and implementing targeted interventions to strengthen buildings and reduce risk. The accelerogram records at both the basement and sixth floor stations were integrated over time, and corresponding orbit graphs were obtained, represented in 2-D seismograms (displacement in Figure 4) on the two horizontal components of ground motion. Key observations are given in Table 2.  
The analysis of displacement configurations (basement vs. sixth floor) highlights significant differences between the two levels. Figure 4a (basement) displays higher displacement amplitudes and pronounced directional components, indicating stronger motion and lower damping. The dynamic trajectories and larger elliptical envelope indicate substantial energy release and directional anisotropy. In contrast, Figure 4b (sixth floor) shows more compact and confined displacement traces, indicative of weaker motion, higher damping, and isotropic behavior. The smaller, symmetric elliptical envelope and reduced oscillatory behavior imply more stabilized sixth-floor-level conditions. The basement exhibits stronger motion and a broader oscillatory range, while the sixth floor demonstrates more controlled and dampened motion. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{l l l} \hline \hline
**Characteristic** & **Basement SLG1** & **Sixth Floor SLG2** \\ \hline Orbit Size & Larger elliptical spread & Smaller, more concentrated pattern \\ \hline Displacement Range & Up to \(\pm\)2.6 cm & Up to \(\pm\)1.8 cm \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{Motion Type} & Broader elliptical orbit, strong directivity & Complex path, more twisting and looping \\ \hline Center Shift & Slightly shifted from origin & Slightly shifted, but less pronounced \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 2: Description of the ground motion orbit plots at the SLG1 and SLG2 locations. The orbit at the base is larger, and it may seem counterintuitive, but here is why the base displacement orbit appears larger than that on the sixth floor. The displacement differences between the building's base and sixth floor can be summarized as follows: (i) at the base, soil interaction and baseline drift can amplify low-frequency motion, leading to larger displacement readings; (ii) as motion travels upward, the structure filters and dissipates energy, reducing overall displacement on the sixth floor; (iii) measurement methods may also contribute to apparent differences, primarily due to processing artifacts. Briefly, the main applications of orbit analysis may be beneficial for structural monitoring to detect anomalies in building behavior during earthquakes, seismic design analysis to evaluate the transfer of energy through structures and verify the effectiveness of isolation systems, performance-based design for improved energy dissipation and tailored strengthening strategies, and experimental validation to verify simulation models.