# Coexistence of 5G/6G and Digital Terrestrial Television Networks
## 1 Introduction
### Regulatory Activities on the IMT and DTT in the UHF Band  
Radio frequencies in any given territory are typically divided among different radio services or systems. Introducing a new radio system in a band where other systems or services already operate requires thorough electromagnetic compatibility analyses to ensure interference at acceptable levels. During the World Radiocommunication Conference (WRC) of the ITU-R in 2012 [9], the 700 MHz band (694-790 MHz range) was initially allocated to mobile services. This band, previously used almost exclusively for broadcasting worldwide (particularly in ITU Region 1, which includes Europe, the Middle East, and Africa), was given primary allocation status for 4 th and 5 th-generation mobile systems (referred to in ITU nomenclature as IMT--International Mobile Telecommunications). As a result of this decision, WRC12 led to the development and implementation of policies on a regional scale in Europe. The EC issued Decision 2016/687 on 28 April 2016, to harmonize the 700 MHz band. Additionally, the European Parliament and Council issued a directive (COM/2016/043 final [10]) mandating that all EU countries allocate the 700 MHz band for mobile IMT systems by 30 June 2020, with a possible derogation for up to two years. Significantly, during WRC12, the 700 MHz band was allocated on a shared basis with digital terrestrial television (DTT). The demand for radio spectrum for IMT systems and the pressure from the telecommunications sector on individual administrations were exceptionally strong during WRC12. As a result, a shared allocation of the 700 MHz band (694-790 MHz) was established, despite this band being allocated for terrestrial television purposes throughout ITU Region 1 as part of the ITU Regional Radiocommunication Conference RRC04-RRC06 [11]. As a result, only the 470-694 MHz frequency range remained exclusively available in the UHF band for digital terrestrial television (DTT) using DVB-T (Digital Video Broadcasting--Terrestrial) or DVB-T2 standards in Europe and more broadly in countries covered by the ITU RRC04-RRC06 agreement (known as Geneva 2006--GE06 [11]), including Africa, the countries of the former USSR (Union of Soviet Socialist Republics), the Middle East, and Iran. Therefore, the guaranteed frequency range for DTT in these countries under the GE06 agreement is currently the 470-694 MHz frequency range. Due to the growing telecommunications traffic in 4G/5G mobile networks and the anticipated increase in requirements for 6G, both in terms of capacity and network coverage, especially in low-frequency ranges (<1 GHz), the ITU-R WRC15 conference [12] discussed allocating additional parts of the UHF band, such as the 600 MHz band, for IMT systems. However, no global allocation was made, with only a few exceptions, such as the USA and Canada, which introduced such frequency allocations locally within their territories as footnotes to the Radio Regulations. Under further pressure from the telecommunications operators, a resolution was developed during WRC15 (Res. 235 WRC15) [12], which proposed that the entire 470-960 MHz band should be analyzed and discussed at subsequent radiocommunication conferences. During the subsequent conference (WRC19), influenced by Resolution 235 WRC15, it was decided to include an agenda item for the next conference (WRC23), concerning the possibility of allocating radio spectrum for IMT systems across the entire 470-960 MHz band in ITU Region 1. This decision is in accordance with Resolution 235 WRC15, which called for the necessary analysis of the 470-694 MHz band to explore potential changes in frequency allocations during the ITU WRC23 conference (Agenda Item 1.5 of the WRC23 Agenda Items, Res. 1399 WRC19 [13]. During the preparation for WRC23, numerous electromagnetic compatibility analyses conducted within the ITU forum and research teams were presented [14; 15; 16; 17; 18; 19; 20; 21; 22].