## 1 Introduction  
The information age that we live in today is also known as the computer age, digital age, or new media age, and it affects the ways individuals communicate, think, and learn. This historical period began in the mid-20 th century, and the industrial revolution shifted to information technology. Consequently, technology plays an important role in society and typically has a major impact on daily life. Everyday life becomes easier by adopting new technological inventions, such as wireless communications, satellite communication systems, cloaking devices, and artificial intelligence for industrial applications [1; 2; 3; 4; 5; 6]. One of the fastest developing fields, known as satellite technology, has become a hot topic among researchers, and its usage is increasing all the time. There have been several bands allocated for satellite applications, but C- and Ku-bands were the focus of this research. Satellites are commonly used in various applications, such as navigation, communication, weather forecasting, radio communication, and broadcasting. 'C-band' refers to the portion of the electromagnetic spectrum that exhibits a resonance frequency range from 4 GHz to 8 GHz. Meanwhile, the Ku-band has a frequency range from 12 GHz to 18 GHz, and both bands are primarily used for satellite communications applications. Many metamaterial-related studies were performed in recent years by constructing various design structures in wide application fields. [PERSON] et al. proposed a parallel LC-shaped metamaterial resonator for C- and X-band applications [7]. The proposed metamaterial exhibits the optimistic outcome of wider bandwidth-of-transmission coefficient results. Therefore, the proposed design is more compatible and durable for a wide range of microwave applications. Moreover, in 2019, [PERSON] et al. proposed a metamaterial with a modified RLC resonator on an FR-4 substrate material [8]. The proposed design can exhibit the larger bandwidth of the negative refractive index (NRI), which is equivalent to 3.40 GHz in the operating region. This phenomenon is possible only when a tunnel structure is added. The magnetic and electrical properties were determined by analysing the effect of tunnelling, which was generated by using the SRR. Additionally, a miniature negative-index metamaterial was constructed, numerically simulated, fabricated, and finally, measured for tri-band applications [9]. The work analyzed the reflection, transmission coefficient, and effective medium ratio values of the proposed metamaterial. This work also adopted CST software by utilising the finite-integration technique to examine the metamaterial's design. A modified square Z-shaped metamaterial for C- and X-band applications was proposed by [PERSON] et al. in 2018 [10]. The Z-shaped metamaterial simulated an operating frequency range from 2.0 to 14.0 GHz. The construction of the metamaterial is a square Z-shaped structure with a split that was added to the design and a copper metamaterial structure printed on an FR-4 substrate material. The unit-cell metamaterial has a dimension of 10 \(\times\) 10 mm\({}^{2}\), while a 200 \(\times\) 150 mm\({}^{2}\) array structure was adopted for the present study. Besides a wide range of application fields, metamaterials have also been utilised for Radar Cross-Section (RCS) reduction applications. The conventional metamaterial designs have also been utilised in RCS reduction values. RCS is usually employed to evaluate how detectable an object is by radar and is defined as the electromagnetic signature of an object. Moreover, RCS applications are mainly found in military technology, such as aircraft penetrating an enemy area without being detected. If an aircraft is detected, then it will easily be destroyed by any anti-aircraft missiles. Hence, military technology generally uses this RCS application, which has also been used in aviation technology. Therefore, such technology is a very important field of study in radar and antenna engineering. [PERSON] et al.