Usage of Guided Bone Regeneration in the Case of Lateral Periodantal Cyst in the Maxilla with Buccal Cortical Expansion  
[PERSON]  
1 Maxillo-Facial Surgery Ward, Sokolowski Hospital, Sokolowskiego 4, 58-309 Wabrzych, Poland 12 Dental Salon Privat Dental Office, Horbazewskiego 53a, 54-130 Wroclaw, Poland; [EMAIL_ADDRESS]  
2  
[PERSON]  
2 Dental Salon Privat Dental Office, Horbazewskiego 53a, 54-130 Wroclaw, Poland; [EMAIL_ADDRESS]  
[PERSON]  
3 Department of Biostructure and Animal Physiology, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Kozuchowska 1, 51-631 Wroclaw, Poland; [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (M.J.); [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (E.P.) 4  
[PERSON]  
3 Department of Biostructure and Animal Physiology, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Kozuchowska 1, 51-631 Wroclaw, Poland; [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (M.J.); [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (E.P.) [PERSON]  
4 Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, 4 th Military Hospital in Wroclaw, Weigla 5, 50-981 Wroclaw, Poland; bar  
Some hypotheses of their origins are known. The first of them describes its origin as a dentigerous cyst arising from expansion of the dental follicle along its lateral root aspect. The second one explains its origins from the remnants of Malassez cells during odontogenesis [3; 4; 5; 6; 7; 8]. Most commonly, LPC is found in the mandible canine and premolar region, and less commonly in anterior maxilla, while other locations remain extremely rare. Clinically it presents without any pain or inflammation, and rarely tenderness or teeth mobility. Most often it is described as a non-keratinized, noninflammatory related lesion present along mostly lateral surface of a fully developed, erupted, and healthy vital tooth. Pain might be present if a vital tooth is involved in the lesion or is displaced [1; 2; 3; 4; 5; 6; 7]. Cases of LPC inflammation or abscess formation are rare. Larger cysts can cause bone perforations, fenestrations, and be painful. Sometimes an LPC appears as a small blue cyst when outside of the bone. Potential local aggressiveness should be established during clinical examination, and presence of such factors as teeth mobility, radiolucency with irregular borders, and teeth/root resorption with or without any gingival lesions might confirm this [5; 6; 7; 8]. In most cases, a presented lesion is found accidentally on routine dental radiographs, or is perhaps visible in the oral cavity as an atypical swelling between two dental roots. Quite often vital teeth do not give any features such as local inflammation, pain, abscess formation, or other. Most commonly, LPCs are small, oval/round lesions between healthy dental roots with various sizes, without teeth resorption or their displacement. Unilateral cystic lesion with clear visible borders rarely cause tooth displacement, and never their resorption [1; 3; 5; 6; 7; 8; 9]. Histologic evaluation mostly reveals a thin, nonkeratinizing layer of some squamous or even cuboidal/flattened epithelium. In most cases, 1-3 layers are present, similar to a reduced enamel epithelium or even dental lamina (Serres remnants). Furthermore, some collagen fibers, vascular spaces, glycogen-rich clear cells, or rarely other cells can be found in the cystic lining, also presented sometimes with focal plaques of epithelial thickenings looking similar to a fusiform or spindle-shaped pattern [4; 5; 6; 7]. Parts of odontogenic epithelium within cyst walls are also present. So far, no malignant LPC form or transformation has been noted [8; 9]. Over time, the World Health Organization (WHO) odontogenic tumor classification and nomenclature has changed. LPCs are known also for their two other rare types, namely, bottyoid odontogenic cysts (BOCs) and glandular odontogenic cysts (GOCs). GOC is the most aggressive form, it is 70% common in mandible and very rarely \(<\)1%, with high re-occurrence rate even at 22%.