# State-of-the-Art Mobile Radiation Detection Systems for Different Scenarios
## 3 Mobile Platforms
### Challenges and Research
This system protects the propellers from obstacles keeping also safe the surrounding people. Due to its inherent stability their use is being considered in radiological inspections [82]. A commercially available system is the platform AVID EDF-8 [83], which has a compact size (soccer-ball) and can navigate both indoors and in outdoor environments, particularly into narrow spaces. With a maximum payload of 0.45 kg can have an endurance up to 30 min. * Bio-inspired robots--possible use of humanoid robots in nuclear power plants [44], an example is the research platform Atlas from Boston Dynamics [50], use of snake-like robots (Figure 5b) [84] as a sensing device for the inspection of the piping system of a nuclear power facility (research is needed in modular systems), and the use of flapping wing micro air vehicles for surveillance (e.g., homeland security) and monitoring missions [85]. * Cooperation between unmanned vehicles--[PERSON] et al. [86] proposed an UAV which carries small ground robots to be deployed (e.g., by using parachutes and separation device modules) in the disaster area to collect detailed information. This way the ground robots can overcome possible obstacles and use the UAV as a communication relay to the ground control station (GCS). * Swarm robotics--cooperation between multiple robots [44]. For example, a swarm quad-rotor robots for telecommunication network coverage area expansion in a disaster area [87]. * Cooperative navigation--for example, the use of a UGV to help improve positioning of a UAV in a GNSS-challenged environment [88]. * Computer vision [44]--improvements will help navigation and search algorithms to be more efficient. * Robot learning and on board computing [44]--by using artificial intelligence and data fusion, robots might need minimum training to perform multiple tasks (e.g., deal with unwanted situations). * Radiation damage--search for robot new constituent materials in order to protect the electronic devices [44]. [PERSON] et al. [81] studied the radiation damage of gamma-rays and neutron particles in electronic parts of a hexapod robotic platforms. A Monte Carlo transport code FLUKA was used to calculate the displacements per atom (DPA). Neutrons caused greater damage than photons and higher values of DPA/particle were obtained for silicon and copper parts of the actuators. To increase the operational life of the platform, different combinations of shielding (low and high atomic number materials) around the actuators were analyzed in order to have a trade-off between the applied shielding (payload) and the operational capabilities of the platform to accomplish the mission in the required time. Other research fields referred in literature are: haptics, full autonomous operation, sensor technology, and powerful batteries [44]. Figure 5: Examples of research robots: (**a**) Multi-rotor carrying a UGV. Reproduced, with permission, from Reference [80]. (**b**) Snake-like robot (**top**) and detail of the silicon pads (**bottom**). Reproduced, with permission, from Reference [84]; published by SAGE, 2018, under the terms of the [[https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/CC](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/CC)]([https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/CC](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/CC)) BY 4.0 license.