# Proposal of a Transport Planning Model for the Removal of Quarry Stone Using a Simulation
## 2 Materials and Methods  
Internal transport in a mining company requires efficient transport systems (dumpers and shovel loaders). These systems must ensure the required quarry stone is available for further processing. The transport system is made up of several elements. The first element of the system is the loader, which takes raw materials from the quarry stone dump and loads the stone into trucks. The second element is a dumper that ensures the relocation of the quarry stone. The third element of the system is the unloading point, where the stone is unloaded from the dumper (in this case, it is the primary crusher, which is the input element for the technological process of quarry stone processing). Another element is the transport roads in the quarry. The input flow consists of tons of quarry stone in the quarry dump. Four main activities are performed in the given system. Figure 1 schematically shows these activities: loading quarry stone into a dumper with a shovel loader, moving the loaded dumper from the loading to the unloading point, unloading the quarry stone from the dumper and moving the empty dumper back to the loading point. The return of an empty dumper from the unloading point to the loading point occurs along the same route as for the removal of quarry stone. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c} \hline \hline
**Research Problem** & **References** & **Comments** \\ \hline Selection of suitable means of transport & [2; 3; 4] & In [2], criteria for selecting suitable types of dump trucks are proposed. Ref. [3] applied the Monte Carlo technique for loader selection. The Fuzzy-WSM method and 20 criteria for the selection of freight vehicles are presented in [4]. \\ \hline Cycle time analysis of dump trucks & [5; 6; 7; 31] & [PERSON] [5] processed the statistical analysis of transport cycle time data, and [PERSON] et al. [6] used regression models for temporal analysis. [PERSON] et al., in the publication [7], applied the coefficient of agreement (MF) method. The article [31] presents methods for loading and transport work cycle modeling. \\ \hline Optimizing the material flow & [11; 12; 13; 14; 15; 17; 18; 19; 20; 21; 22] & To minimize costs, various types of models have been implemented: mathematical [11], graphical [12; 13], simulation [14; 16] and heuristic [15]. Simulation models of the production processes are described in [17; 18; 19; 20; 21; 22]. \\ \hline Transport planning and capacity analysis using different types of software & [27; 28; 30; 33] & Different types of software were applied in selected simulation studies; for example, Arena software [27] for cost simulation, SimMine software [28] for simulating the number of vehicles, and Tecnomatix software [30] and optimization for planning vehicle and loader interactions in [33] in Flexsim software. \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 1: The list of research papers on the mentioned problems. The following basic operation parameters characterize the selected process:  
* The type of mineral raw material and its properties;
* The parameters of the shovel loader (the size and load capacity of the shovel, the length of the loading cycle (dependent on the first factor as well));
* The technical parameters of the dumpers (carrying capacity, speed);
* The number of deployed dumpers;
* The number of deployed shovel loaders;
* The length of the transport route (routes);
* The number of loading and unloading points. A sequence of steps solves the problem of removing quarry stone from two loading points using one shovel loader to ensure the daily capacity of quarry stone (Figure 2). In this case, the daily capacity is the amount of quarry stone in tons for the subsequent technological processing process. The methodological steps are described below:  
1. Creation and verification of the simulation model. The simulation model is presented in the Results Section. 2. Performing simulation experiments by changing the input parameters for several loading points and experiment analysis. 3.