## 4 Discussion
The concept of System-of-Systems Lifecycle Management confirms this assumption [9], recognizing information sharing as an essential criterion. The notion of \"products\" is taken there from an information technology perspective to prepare for interdisciplinary linkage. It is an essential feature to focus on links between disciplines and service engineering, but at the same time, to allow flexibility in shifting temporal and logical constraints. For instance, the concept of Minimum Viable Products (MVP) is driven mainly by software-based products. The gPLC pinpoints links between disciplines. The MVP of software, pre-sales activities for service and ramp-up of material production shall be viewed from an integrative perspective. The combination is enabled based on an appropriate and, again, integrative selection of manufacturing technologies, material and distribution networks. Therefore, the gPLC can be understood as a supportive approach for handling the complexity in product, tools/assets and organization. Innovation triggers are considered throughout the entire lifecycle, proposed in terms of touchpoints of consumer intervention in [111]. Complexity is not neglected, but comprehensiveness is supported. With that ambition, challenges can be solved, especially for family businesses with their specific stakeholder relationships [7]. Use cases might range from very systematic to pragmatic based on a comprehensive understanding of gPLC details. The gPLC seems compatible with the two-step framework proposed by [PERSON] et al. [18]. The two steps are interdependent strategies to advance to a Circular Economy strategy by designing product-service systems and even beyond to absolute resource decoupling. These steps obviously focus on resources but are based on information circularity as an enabler. This includes the clear focus on digital transformation of enterprises and products. Information, which means data with semantics, is incorporated as an enabler of Product Creation and CE. This is coherent with the idea of product stewardships, where product stewards are highly dependent on information systems [112]. Digital twins [50] hold as an example for information circularity. Single digital twins of product instances are based on the digital master of a product class, enriched by digital shadows from realization and operation. Firstly, benefits are derived from single instances for which a close cycle could mean the provision of data to MRO services. The question arises as to whether product life extension and/or product recycling should be preferred from a sustainability perspective through design but backed up by data from an individual product instance [19]. Secondly, benefits are gathered from aggregated digital twins, allowing conclusions for an entire product class. Again, value can be created within one product lifecycle applying versioning of a product, or in between product lifecycles learning from one to another product generation. For instance, in the RepAIR case qualification of AM technology for spare parts production was a side effect enabled by circular information management. Like CE does for material, business models should envision business value in information circularity considering partnership for all gPLC phases. Besides the product perspective, it is essential to include a perspective on information lifecycles in future work on holistic lifecycle modeling. Finally, sustainability is an ultimate objective with social and societal impact. That covers labor practices and decent work, human rights, society and product responsibility [113]. While the first three aspects are out of scope of the analysis at hand, product responsibility is often correlated with taxes, normative restrictions and regulations. Instead of challenging value creation by sustainable Product Lifecycle Management, just costs are determined and compared in Lifecycle Assessments based on, for instance, CO\({}_{2}\) taxes. Therefore, an extension of typical CE approaches (cf.