# The Security Perspectives of Vehicular Networks: A Taxonomical Analysis of Attacks and Solutions
## 5 Open Research Problems
Such vulnerabilities must be checked thoroughly, and necessary solutions need to be developed by all the possible stakeholders. * _Liability and revocability_: It is based on the non-repudiation service which makes drivers liable for the mistakes they have made (if any). There may be vehicle drivers which can disturb the network or may launch some kind of attack. It includes a process of ID traceability in which real identities of vehicles are identified, which also locates the real source of the message. It is a real challenge to find the real attacker or malicious vehicle in the network due to camouflage identities; however, if such messages are detected, the network can be protected with prediction. Moreover, from the drivers' point of view, sentiment analysis of the drivers and the behavioral aspects can also work as attack enablers in VANETs, which needs to be explored further. When an attacker is identified or any vehicle user misbehaves in the network, central authority may revoke its certification and de-register it from the network. In this process, malicious nodes are removed from the network. In trust-based networks, it is very difficult to find the misbehaving node and then revoke the assigned privileges, and therefore, some suitable methods need to be developed. * _Safe and economical hardware_: Vehicles should be deployed with tamper-proof hardware which will have more security as compared to software issues. These hardware components should be economical and within the budget of all the users. Though this is not directly technically connected, it is for making awareness to the VANET users to always go for validated trusted platforms of security hardware. * _Network scale_: The increasing number of vehicles in VANETs are a concerning parameter. Many security solutions exist in the literature that are unable to address the scalability of the VANETs. For example, the generic security models use traditional PKIs, which are time consuming as compared to the advanced security provisions. Therefore, the progress of lattice based cryptography should be explored rigorously to enhance the performance of VANET security. The lightweight and less complex methods should be developed to scale the network efficiently. * _Information authenticity_: In vehicular networks, there are different kinds of attacks in which the attacker may send fake messages using a spoofed identity. So the authenticity of the information is also an important research area. With the increasing number of multimedia forms and the increasing demand of the users, the information authenticity process also faces problems. For example, a user of a vehicle may be interested in some infotainment or it may be a simple document from their google drive; in such cases, different authenticity mechanisms are required, as infotainment requires seamless authentication and continuous availability of data stream. * _Jamming_: There are various kinds of attacks in which radio interference are used to block the communication. These attacks may be launched against any wireless device. Therefore, it is perfectly suitable for VANETs. Jamming may be further classified into four categories, which are constant, deceptive, random, and reactive. In the existing literature, this jamming problem is less addressed, and therefore, it can be explored further with the new technologies. * _Handling data_: With the increase in vehicular networks, it is expected that a massive amount of data will exist in these networks. These data are heterogeneous and distributed in nature and are stored in clouds. This growing amount of data and the size of the vehicular networks will lead to new and unique challenges in handling this data. Therefore, cloud storage security and backup security, and recovery and maintenance, should be some of the concerns to look out for in future ventures. * _Access control_: VANETs consist of various layers of data communication such as V2V, V2I, or I2V. In each of these communications, proper access control is required.