## 3 Results
### Demographic Characteristics
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c} \hline
**ROM (Degree)** & **Measurements** & **ART Group** & **TBT Group** & **\(p\)** \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{Knee Flexion} & Pre-surgery & 114.02 \(\pm\) 17.71 a & 113.73 \(\pm\) 16.27 a & 0.791 \\  & Post-surgery & 65.38 \(\pm\) 18.17 a & 67.32 \(\pm\) 24.48 a & 0.663 \\  & Post-intervention & 120.92 \(\pm\) 12.36 b & 107.83 \(\pm\) 9.90 b & \textless{}0.001 \\  & Pre-surgery & 0.94 \(\pm\) 3.57 a & 0.32 \(\pm\) 1.65 a & 0.335 \\ Knee Extension & Post-surgery & 2.42 \(\pm\) 4.72 a & 1.97 \(\pm\) 5.27 a & 0.582 \\  & Post-intervention & 1.48 \(\pm\) 2.65 b & 0.73 \(\pm\) 2.26 b & 0.175 \\ \hline \end{tabular} \(p<0.005\), mean \(\pm\) standard deviation, \(p\): Mann–Whitney U test between-group comparison, a: difference between pre-surgery and post-surgery, b: difference between post-surgery and post-intervention, ART: augmented-reality-based training, TBT: therapist-based training.  
\end{table} 
Table 2: Comparison of ROM within and between groups. Figure 3: Comparison of ROM within and between groups. (**A**) Knee flexion within groups, (**B**) knee flexion between groups, (**C**) knee extension within groups, (**D**) knee extension between groups. * \(p<0.05\). Regarding the balance score, the within-group comparison showed similar results in both groups (Table 4, Figures 5 and 6). Significant differences were observed between the pre-surgery and post-surgery and between the post-surgery and post-intervention in AP and ML movements (\(p<0.05\)). The SI movement did not present any significant difference in all measurement times within both groups. The between-group comparison did not show any significant difference between the ART and TBT groups during the Mann-Whitney U test (\(p>0.05\)). \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Variable** & **Measurement** & **ART Group** & **TBT Group** & \(\mathbf{P}\) \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{Pain} & Pre-surgery & \(7.05\pm 0.71\)\({}^{\circ}\) & \(6.45\pm 1.33\)\({}^{\circ}\) & \(0.198\) \\  & Post-surgery & \(6.36\pm 1.24\)\({}^{\mathrm{b}}\) & \(6.48\pm 1.26\)\({}^{\mathrm{b}}\) & \(0.590\) \\  & Post-intervention & \(3.53\pm 1.19\)\({}^{\mathrm{b}\,\mathrm{c}}\) & \(4.21\pm 1.14\)\({}^{\mathrm{b}\,\mathrm{c}}\) & \(0.219\) \\  & Pre-surgery & \(272.52\pm 73.17\)\({}^{\mathrm{a}}\) & \(303.58\pm 66.71\)\({}^{\mathrm{a}}\) & \(-1.524\) \\ \multirow{4}{*}{AP} & Post-surgery & \(592.53\pm 13.72\)\({}^{\mathrm{a}}\) & \(575.73\pm 51.63\)\({}^{\mathrm{a}}\) & \(0.679\) \\  & Post-intervention & \(243.53\pm 72.23\)\({}^{\mathrm{b}}\) & \(241.52\pm 58.74\)\({}^{\mathrm{b}}\) & \(-1.115\) \\ \multirow{4}{*}{SI} & Pre-surgery & \(53.47\pm 5.41\) & \(49.63\pm 5.85\) & \(0.362\) \\  & Post-surgery & \(55.14\pm 19.85\) & \(62.65\pm 12.18\) & \(-1.103\) \\ \multirow{4}{*}{Knee Extension} & Post-intervention & \(49.91\pm 6.77\) & \(47.67\pm 8.82\) & \(0.364\) \\  & Pre-surgery & \(283.01\pm 93.22\)\({}^{\mathrm{a}}\) & \(283.22\pm 56.01\)\({}^{\mathrm{a}}\) & \(-1.126\) \\ \multirow{4}{*}{ML} & Post-surgery & \(721.70\pm 96.13\)\({}^{\mathrm{a}}\)\({}^{\mathrm{b}}\) & \(681.32\pm 112.87\)\({}^{\mathrm{a}}\) & \(0.472\) \\ \cline{1-1}  & Post-intervention & \(218.15\pm 83.25\)\({}^{\mathrm{b}}\) & \(237.44\pm 81.23\)\({}^{\mathrm{b}}\) & \(-1.257\) \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular} \(p\) 4: Comparison of pain and balance within and between groups.  
\end{table} 
Table 4: Comparison of pain and balance within and between groups. Figure 4: Comparison of muscle strength within and between groups. (**A**) Knee flexion within groups, (**B**) knee flexion between groups, (**C**) knee extension within groups, (**D**) knee extension between groups. * \(p<0.05\).