## 3 Proposed Quality of Service Routing Protocol (QoSRP) in UWSNs
### Underwater Acoustic Channel Assignment Algorithm (iiwca)
Therefore, the effect of \  
\[0\leq\sum_{l\in L^{out}_{i}}\mathcal{T}_{\rho(l)}\leq\mathcal{T}_{\rho(max)},\,l\in L \tag{20c}\]  
\[\mathcal{T}_{\rho(E_{CS})}=\left(\sum_{l\in L^{out}_{i}}\mathcal{T}_{\rho(l)}+ \sum_{l\in L^{In}_{i}}X_{l}\mathcal{T}_{\rho(mc)}\right)\tau_{s},\,l\in L \tag{20d}\]  
\[\mathcal{B}_{try}(\tau_{s}+1)=\min[\mathcal{B}_{max},\max[\mathcal{B}_{out}, \mathcal{B}_{i}(\tau_{s})+\mathcal{R}_{i}(\tau_{s})-E_{i}(\tau_{s})]]\,\,\tau_{s} \in\,\tau \tag{20e}\]  
\[\tau_{s}\geq 0\,1<\tau_{s}<\,\tau \tag{20f}\]  
\[\mathcal{F}_{\mathcal{B}_{\mathit{sig}}}(\ell)=\omega e^{-\omega(\ell)},\ \ell\geq 0, \tag{15}\]0  
\[\mathcal{F}_{\mathcal{B}_{\mathit{sig}}}(\ell)=\omega e^{-\omega(\ell)},\ \ell\geq 0, \tag{15}\]1  
Constraints in (20a) show that the transmission power for each ASN cannot exceed \(\mathcal{T}_{\rho(max)}\) in the network. Constraints in (20b) indicate the received power \(\left(\mathcal{T}_{\rho(mc)}\right)\) for a particular channel \(\mathcal{C}_{i}\) with single radio power transmitting antenna \(\mathcal{T}_{\rho(A)}\) in the network. In which \(\mathcal{T}_{\rho(tra)}\), \(\mathcal{N}_{f(\mathcal{C}_{i})}\) and \(\mathcal{G}_{(\mathcal{C}_{i})}\) are, the transmission power, the number of frequency channels and channel gain in the UWEs. Constraints in (20c) satisfy the transmission power constraint due to several potential outgoing links at acoustic sensor node \(i\) in the network. Constraints in (20d) are the energy consumption \((E_{CS})\) constraints during a time slot at acoustic sensor node \(i\) in the network. Constraints (20e) verify the residual energy of each ASN at the end of time slot \(\tau_{s}\) is since the energy level is constrained between battery outage \((\mathcal{B}_{out})\) and maximum battery power \((\mathcal{B}_{max})\) in the network. Where the \(\mathcal{B}_{i}(\tau_{s})\), \(\mathcal{B}_{try}(\tau_{s}+1)\), \(\mathcal{R}_{i}(\tau_{s})\) and \(E_{i}(\tau_{s})\) are, the remaining energy of each ASN at the beginning, the remaining energy of each ASN at the end of time slot \(\tau_{s}\), the rate of energy replenishment that changes dynamically and initial battery power. Constraints in (20f) to (20h) support constraints from Equations (20a) to (20e). Thus, the high transmission power above the defined low transmission level notably minimizes the effect of \(\mathcal{S}_{\rho,d}\) for MCASNs in the UWSNs. Note that the \(\mathcal{T}_{\rho(m\,\delta\,x)}(\mathcal{C}_{i})=\mathcal{T}_{\rho(\,\delta \,x\,\delta\,x  
in which the \(\mathcal{B}_{\ell}\) is the bandwidth of a link \(\ell\) between \(\mathcal{SU}_{\mathcal{J}}\) and \(\mathcal{PS}_{\mathcal{J}}\) in the network. Thus, by considering the above data transmission rates with high transmission power, the average throughput \(\left(\mathcal{T}_{\delta,\mathcal{B}}\right)\) of the \(\varepsilon\)th channel \(\mathcal{T}_{\delta,\mathcal{B}}(\mathcal{C}_{\varepsilon})\) during sensing time \(\tau_{\varepsilon}\) from the total sensing time slot \(\tau\) is computed as:  
\[\mathcal{F}_{\mathcal{B}_{\mathit{sig}}}(\ell)=\omega e^{-\omega(\ell)},\ \ell\geq 0, \tag{15}\]2  
However, this high transmission power significantly improves the data transmission rate to a faraway distance in the network. However, it brings severe interference to neighboring sensors in the UWSNS. This interference \(\left(\mathcal{I}_{n\ell}\right)\) constraint due to high transmission power in the underwater can be computed by using the follow Equation (25) as:  
\[\mathcal{F}_{\mathcal{B}_{\mathit{sig}}}(\ell)=\omega e^{-\omega(\ell)},\ \ell\geq 0, \tag{15}\]3  
and the interference range of a secondary user \(\mathcal{R}_{\mathcal{I}_{n\ell}}\big{(}\mathcal{SU}_{\mathcal{J}}\big{)}\) numerically written as:  
\[\mathcal{F}_{\mathcal{B}_{\mathit{sig}}}(\ell)=\omega e^{-\omega(\ell)},\ \ell\geq 0, \tag{15}\]4  
The \(\mathcal{SU}\) by using signal level measurements must estimate the interference level, it creates at the \(\mathcal{PU}\) receivers during continuous transmission in UWSNs.