## 3 Results
### Bone Metabolism  
Alkaline phosphatase (ALP), expressing osteogenic potential and identified via a dark red staining, was predominantly observed at 2 weeks of healing in the immediate implants (Figure 9), particularly in the bone areas adjacent to the implant threads and at the coronal area of the socket facing the gap. At the same healing time, in the delayed implants, ALP activity was detected only in the trabecular bone near the thread area. After 8 weeks of healing, ALP expression was localized at the marginal bone crest level in both groups, with no significant differences between them.  
Figure 8: Immunohistochemistryischemical expression of all the analyzed antibodies after 2 and 8 weeks healing.  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c c c c c} \hline  & **Implant** & **1 mm** & **1 mm** & **2 mm** & **3 mm** & **Implant** & **1 mm** & **1 mm** & **2 mm** & **3 mm** \\  & **Plat-** & **Apical** & **Apical** & **Apical** & **Apical** & **Plat-** & **Apical** & **Apical** & **Apical** & **Apical** & **Apical** \\  & **form** & **to IP** & **to FGM** & **to FGM** & **to FGM** & **form** & **to IP** & **to FGM** & **to FGM** & **to FGM** \\  & **2 weeks** & **2 weeks** & **2 weeks** & **2 weeks** & **2 weeks** & **8 weeks** & **8 weeks** & **8 weeks** & **8 weeks** & **8 weeks** & **8 weeks** \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{Test} & 1.305 & 1.360 & 0.704 & 1.375 & 1.321 & 1.362 & 1.263 & 0.680 & 1.402 & 1.468 \\  & 0.323 & 0.360 & 0.195 & 0.346 & 0.386 & 0.622 & 0.182 & 0.222 & 0.685 & 0.445 \\ \cline{1-1} Control & 2.280 \({}^{*}\) & 2.870 \({}^{*}\) & 1.558 \({}^{*}\) & 2.388 & 2.488 \({}^{*}\) & 1.573 & 1.867 & 1.013 & 1.68 & 1.887 \\  & 0.432 & 0.316 & 0.382 & 0.409 & 0.565 & 0.608 & 0.309 & 0.240 & 0.496 & 0.493 \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{I–J} & **\(\mathbf{-0.975}\)** & **\(\mathbf{-1.510}\)** & **\(\mathbf{-0.599}\)** & 0.691 & **\(\mathbf{-1.116}\)** & 0.205 & 0.603 & 0.279 & 0.220 & 0.367 \\  & **\(\boldsymbol{p=0.019}\)** & **\(\boldsymbol{p=0.000}\)** & **\(\boldsymbol{p=0.002}\)** & **\(\boldsymbol{p=0.238}\)** & **\(\boldsymbol{p=0.002}\)** & **\(\boldsymbol{p=1.000}\)** & **\(\boldsymbol{p=0.019}\)** & **\(\boldsymbol{p=0.502}\)** & **\(\boldsymbol{p=1.000}\)** & **\(\boldsymbol{p=0.961}\)** \\ \hline \end{In the quantitative analysis of ALP intensity, the immediate implant group exhibited significantly higher ALP activity compared to the control group at 2 weeks (6.85 - 5.17 vs. 3.56 - 2.31, respectively: \(p<0.05\)). This difference between the groups diminished at 8 weeks (4.48 - 3.31 vs. 2.93 - 1.38, respectively) (Table A1).  
At two weeks of healing, MMP2 was detected as a dark red staining and was highly expressed within the gap area in the immediate implants. In contrast, in the delayed implants group, activity was only detected at the level of the marginal bone crest. By 8 weeks, a similar staining pattern was observed in both the test and control groups, with higher expression localized at the marginal bone crest level only. In the quantitative analysis of MMP2 intensity, the test group exhibited significantly higher activity compared to the control group at 2 weeks (1.59 - 1.64 vs. 0.58 - 0.48, respectively: \(p<0.05\)). This difference between groups diminished at 8 weeks, although a tendency for higher expression in the immediate implant group was still noted, albeit without statistical significance.  
TRAP staining, indicating osteoclastic activity, was primarily observed at two weeks in the bone area in contact with the implants in the immediate implant group. After 8 weeks of healing, TRAP staining was more prevalent around the vestibular cortical plate in the test group, whereas in the control group, it was observed in the peri-implant bone area. No significant differences between groups were observed at any healing time.