## 4 Conclusions  
This study demonstrated that the BiOI/Fe\({}_{3}\)O\({}_{4}\) heterostructure, synthesized by the solvothermal technique with a 5:1 molar ratio of Bi/Fe, is an efficient photocatalyst for degrading phenolic compounds in wastewater under simulated solar irradiation. Combining the photocatalytic properties of BiOI with the magnetic properties of Fe\({}_{3}\)O\({}_{4}\) allowed an efficient recovery of the photocatalyst using only low-cost magnetic equipment. The three-dimensional porous structure and the high photocatalytic activity under simulated solar radiation conditions position it as a viable solution to advance technological preparation.  
Implementing heterogeneous photocatalysis using BF-5 presents an innovative and sustainable approach to wastewater remediation in the wine and pisco industry, particularly in arid areas such as the Coquimbo region, Chile. The evaluation conducted confirms that the technology has reached TRL 3 under controlled laboratory conditions. It demonstrated high efficiency in the degradation of persistent pollutants such as caffeic acid, making it a relevant technology to be implemented in LIW with complex biodegradability indices. The cost associated with the photocatalytic system's operation is also lower than other current systems that achieve similar removal efficiencies; the study sector has a high availability of solar irradiation, and the raw materials used in the manufacture of BF-5 do not present significant risks to the environment and human health.  
According to the analysis carried out, to move towards a larger-scale implementation, it is essential to optimize the synthesis and operational parameters and conduct pilot tests that allow the system to be validated in real conditions. This transition will guarantee scalability and economic sustainability in a more limited time, addressing the critical challenges in managing water resources in areas affected by scarcity.  
Conceptualization, A.G.-A., G.P.B. and Y.M.; methodology, A.G.-A., G.P.B., R.P. and Y.M.; software, A.G.-A., G.P.B. and J.F.; validation, A.G.-A., G.P.B., H.M.-C., Y.M. and C.B.H.; formal analysis, A.G.-A., G.P.B., H.M.-C. and J.F.; investigation, A.G.-A., G.P.B., A.C.F.A. and C.B.H.; resources, A.G.-A., Y.M., I.F. and R.P.; data curation, A.G.-A., G.P.B., H.M.-C. and C.B.H.; writing--original draft preparation, A.G.-A.; writing--review and editing, A.G.-A., G.P.B., Y.M., R.P., I.F., H.M.-C., A.C.F.A., C.B.H. and J.F.; visualization, A.G.-A. and G.P.B.; supervision, A.G.-A., Y.M., R.P. and I.F.; project administration, A.G.-A. and A.C.F.A.; funding acquisition, A.G.-A. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.  
This research was funded by Gobierno Regional Region de Coquimbo, Chile: Fondo de Innovacion para la Competitividad (FIC), Project FIC 40040991-0 executed by CAZALAC and by the National Research and Development Agency of Chile (ANID-Chile) National Doctoral Scholarship 2022 Code 21220565.  
Not applicable.  
The original contributions presented in the study are included in the article; further inquiries can be directed to the corresponding author.  
The authors would like to thank the Agricultural Research Institute (INIA)--Inthuasi and the Company Pisco Endemico, Elqui Valley, Chile.  
The authors declare no conflicts of interest.