# Seismic Response Analysis of Reinforced Concrete Frame Structures Considering Slope Effects
## 1 Introduction  
Soil-structure interaction (SSI) is an important research direction in the seismic research field. A lot of buildings in many countries around the world are located on slopes. According to the seismic damage due to past events, buildings located on slopes can present a worse seismic performance. Therefore, the effect of the slope should be considered when studying the impact of SSI on the seismic performance of structures [1]. Many scholars have paid attention to the dynamic soil-structure interaction and achieved remarkable results. [PERSON] et al. [2] proposed an analytical method of coupling a numerical solution with an analytical solution, and used powerful finite element software to simulate the nonlinear behavior of complex structures to seek the solution. [PERSON] et al. [3] proposed a highly efficient analysis method for deep soil-structure interaction under earthquake activity, which improved the computational efficiency by reducing the size of the soil-structure interaction model. [PERSON] et al. [4, 5] explored the generation and development processes of natural frequency, vertex displacement, and plastic hinge of the structure under the two assumptions of a rigid foundation and considering soil-structure interaction, and revealed the importance of considering the SSI effect when performing pushover analysis on the structure. They carried out low-cyclic reversed loading tests on an independent foundation-frame substructure, and analyzed the seismic performance of the structure considering the effect of soil. [PERSON] et al. [6] demonstrated that the SSI effect plays a role in amplifying the lateral deflection of frame structures through experiments and numerical simulations. [PERSON] and [PERSON] [7] conducted a series of seismic analyses of asymmetric small low-rise three-dimensional reinforced concrete (R/C) buildings while deliberating the influence of deformable soil on the seismic structural response. Many scholars have also focused on the effect of slope on the anti-seismic ability of the structure. [PERSON] et al. [8] studied the deformation of the slope foundation, the upper structure,and the raft under the combined action. [PERSON] et al. [9] analyzed the influence of slope height and slope angle on the slope section's response spectrum and spectrum ratio. They proposed the ground motion amplification factors of the rocky slope. [PERSON] et al. [10] established a simplified analytical model of a building structure with an unequal height grounding slope and analyzed the internal force of this structure under the change of beam span and column height. [PERSON] et al. [11] analyzed in detail the differences between buildings on a slope and on flat land in the following aspects: dynamic structural characteristics, lateral displacement and story drift ratio under horizontal ground motion, torsional displacement ratio considering accidental eccentric action, lateral stiffness ratio, and internal force of the structure. [PERSON] et al. [12] studied the dynamic displacements and internal forces of single-span and multi-span frame structures on deep pit slopes using a large-scale shaking table test. [PERSON] and [PERSON] [13] utilized methods such as a nonlinear time history method (NLTHM) to study the effect of slope angle variation for the structures resting on sloping ground and revealed the importance of considering SSI in seismic analysis. Considering different slope angles and structure heights, [PERSON] et al. [14] investigated the seismic performance of three groups of moment-resistant frame (MRF) steel structures with 5, 10, and 15 stories through the three-dimensional (3D) numerical simulations. Results show that the topographic irregularities magnify the acceleration at a distance of 2-3 times the slope height (H) from the slope crest. Although many scholars have paid attention to the study of soil-structure interaction, few scholars have focused on the impact of slope on seismic performance.