## 1 Introduction
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**Component CAS No./EC No.** & **Characteristics** \\ \hline Ferritin 9007-73-2/\(-\) & Iron storage protein [42]. \\ \hline Fibronectin \(-\)/\(-\) & Viscoelastic fibrils that can bind more than 40 distinct growth factors and cytokines, play a key role in assembling a provisional extracellular matrix during embryonic development and wound healing [43]. \\ \hline Glutamic acid 56-86-0/200-293-7 & In addition to being one of the building blocks in protein synthesis, it is the most widespread neurotransmitter in brain function, as an excitatory neurotransmitter, and as a precursor for the synthesis of GABA in GABAergic neurons [44]. \\ \hline Glycine 56-40-6/200-272-2 & Conditionally essential amino acid that enables the release of oxygen in the energy-requiring cell-making process, which is important in the manufacturing of hormones responsible for a strong immune system [45]. \\ \hline Heat stable alkaline phosphatase (HSAP) & A group of isoenzymes located on the outer layer of the cell membrane. They catalyze the hydrolysis of organic phosphate esters found in the extracellular space. Despite the diverse tissue distribution and varying physiochemical properties, they are classified as true isoenzymes due to their ability to catalyze the same reaction [46]. \\ \hline Histidine 71-00-1/200-745-3 & Essential amino acid abundant in hemoglobin, used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, allergic diseases, ulcers, and anemia [47]. \\ \hline Human chorionic 9002-61-3/\(-\) & A polypeptide hormone produced by the human placenta. Endogenously produced HCG interacts with the LHCG receptor of the ovary and promotes the maintenance of the corpus luteum during the beginning of pregnancy [48]. \\ \hline Human placental 11 atopatop 11085-36-2/\(-\) & Human chorionic somatomammotropin (hCS), a polypeptide hormone with structure and function is similar to human growth hormone [49]. \\ \hline Isoleucine 73-32-5/200-798-2 & Essential amino acid pivotal in the synthesis of essential biochemical components in the body utilized in the production of energy, stimulates activity of the upper brain [50]. \\ \hline Iron 7439-89-6/231-096-4 & Microelement pivotal to oxygen and carbon dioxide transportation in blood, has immune-enhancing, anticarcinogenic, and cognition-enhancing activities [51]. \\ \hline Laminin 56-87-1/200-294-2 & Major basement membrane component, plays important roles in cell differentiation, adhesion, and migration [52]. \\ \hline Laucine 61-90-5/200-522-0 & Essential amino acid that supports the regulation of blood-sugar levels, growth and repair of muscle tissue, bones, and skin, growth hormone production, wound healing as well as energy production. May prevent the breakdown of muscle proteins after trauma or severe stress [53]. \\ \hline Lysine 56-87-1/200-294-2 & Essential amino acid necessary in proteinogenesis and cross-linking of collagen, production of carnitine, which is a key factor in fatty acid metabolism, regulates uptake of essential mineral nutrients; essential in the production of antibodies, hormones and enzymes [54]. \\ \hline Manganese 7439-96-5/231-105-1 & Microelement needed for proper growth, development, and physiology of an organism [55]. \\ \hline Methionine 63-68-3/200-562-9 & Essential amino acid, a major donor of sulfur, which prevents hair, skin, and nail disorders. Crucial for metabolic processes in hair follicles, promotes hair growth. May have antioxidant effects [56]. \\ \hline Niacin 59-67-6/200-441-0 & Nicotinic acid, an essential human nutrient, its amide derivative nicotinamide (niacinamide) is a component of the coenzyme's nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADP+), a cofactor in anabolic reactions, such as synthesis of lipids and nucleic acids [57]. \\ \hline Pantothenic Acid 79-83-4/201-229-0 & Vitamin B5, essential nutrient in the synthesis of coenzyme A (CoA), which is pivotal in cellular energy production, as well as synthesis and degradation of proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids [58]. \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
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