# Impacts of E-Micromobility on the Sustainability of Urban Transportation--A Systematic Review
## 3 Results
### Impacts on Travel Behaviors
#### 3.1.1 Average E-Micromobility Trips per Day
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c} \hline \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**Source**} & **Literature Review Regarding Average Trips per Day (the Results Were Acquired by Dividing the Total Amount of Trips by the Days of the Research Period.)** \\ \hline [PERSON] and [PERSON] (2020) & 168,300 trips were made per day with an electric bike-sharing system of 4080 vehicles in Tricity, Poland. \\  & A survey conducted in seven European cities (PASTA project) \\ [PERSON] et al. (2019) & with 204 people reported that the average number of trips per day with e-bikes was 0.8. \\  & The number of e-bike trips in 2008 was reported as 1.16, in 2011 it was reported as 1.05, and in 2012 it was reported as 1.03 per day in Kumming, China. \\ City of Chicago, Pilot & According to the information that e-scooter companies \\ Evaluation (2020) & provided, an average of 6846 trips per day were made with e-scooters in Chicago, USA. \\  & It was reported that 105,479 e-scooter trips were made per day in the USA (according to The National Association of City \\  & Transportation Officials (NACTO)). \\ [PERSON] and [PERSON] (2015) & The study conducted with 66 participants in Norway reported 1.4 e-bike trips per day. \\  & As a result of a pilot project with 6 vehicles and \\ [PERSON] and [PERSON] (2019) & 38 participants in Munich, an average of 49 trips were made per day. \\  & In Zurich, Switzerland, according to the provided data, 465 trips per day were made with docked e-bikes in a normal period, which covered 15 February to 14 March, 2020. During COVID-19 (15 March to 14 April 2020), 299 trips per day were made. For dockless e-bikes, 241 trips per day were made in the normal period, and 102 trips per day during COVID-19. \\  & For dockless e-scooters, 60 trips per day were made in the normal period, and 50 trips per day during COVID-19 (for each of the three types of micromobility services, trip data were collected from three operators: Publibike, Bond, and Bird) \\ [PERSON] et al. (2019) & In Indianapolis, 4830 e-scooters trips were made per day. \\  & According to the collected data, Bird reported 170 trips per day, Lime reported 214 per day, Lyft reported 835 trips per day, Skip reported 1487 trips per day, reported has 115 trips per day, and Jump e-bikes reported 325 trips per day, which led to a total of 2821 e-scooter trips per day, in Washington, USA (the results were obtained by dividing the total amount of trips over the 4-month research period). \\  & This study, based on Zurich, Switzerland, reported \\ [PERSON] et al. (2020) & approximately 2800 trips per day, 1181 docked e-bike trips, 419 docked bike trips, 244 dockless e-bike trips, and 1032 dockless e-scooter trips. \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 1: Literature review regarding average trips per day. represents approximately 8 to 10 percent of all trips in Munich in that year, in which shared-micromobility trips made up less than 0.1 percent of all trips in 2019 [12]. According to the data collected by McKenzie (2019), Bird reported 170 trips per day, Lime reported 214 per day, Lytft reported 835 trips per day, Skip reported 1487 trips per day, Spin reported 115 trips per day, and Jump e-bikes reported 325 trips per day, which is in total 2821 e-scooter trips per day, in Washington, USA [17]. Furthermore, regarding e-bike trips, another study conducted with 66 participants in Norway reported 1.4 e-bike trips per day [18]. During COVID-19, 50 to 60 percent of the passenger-kilometers decreased, which also affected the use of micromobility, according to the survey they conducted in May 2020, including seven countries such as China, Germany, France, Japan, Italy, the US, and UK. They assume that after COVID-19 the use of micromobility may increase, suggesting that 9 percent of people tend to have private micromobility and 12 percent of them tend to use shared micromobility in the \"next normal\" era [19].