## 3 Results
### Effects of DWP on Fecal Microbiota
#### 3.6.1 Alpha and Beta Diversity Analysis
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c} \hline
**SCFA** & **Sample** & **0 h** & **6 h** & **12 h** & **18 h** & **24 h** & **48 h** \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{Acetic acid} & C & \(96.04\pm 5.83\)\({}^{\rm\AA}\) & \(110.35\pm 3.34\)\({}^{\rm\AA}\) & \(354.65\pm 70.06\)\({}^{\rm\AA}\) & \(480.95\pm 9.26\)\({}^{\rm\AA}\) & \(675.90\pm 68.17\)\({}^{\rm\AA}\) & \(704.89\pm 56.67\)\({}^{\rm\AA}\) \\  & L & \(101.52\pm 9.92\)\({}^{\rm\AA}\) & \(129.76\pm 5.15\)\({}^{\rm\AA}\) & \(467.93\pm 6.30\)\({}^{\rm\AA}\) & \(679.48\pm 19.82\)\({}^{\rm\AA}\) & \(966.73\pm 72.05\)\({}^{\rm\AA}\) & \(1068.40\pm 91.21\)\({}^{\rm\AA}\) \\  & H & \(98.25\pm 9.74\)\({}^{\rm\AA}\) & \(154.25\pm 7.85\)\({}^{\rm\AA}\) & \(476.35\pm 1.94\)\({}^{\rm\AA}\) & \(690.45\pm 17.61\)\({}^{\rm\AA}\) & \(1029.74\pm 44.60\)\({}^{\rm\AA}\) & \(978.99\pm 161.66\)\({}^{\rm\AA}\) \\  & R & \(96.05\pm 6.09\)\({}^{\rm\AA}\) & \(111.97\pm 11.91\)\({}^{\rm\AA}\) & \(450.27\pm 58.52\)\({}^{\rm\AA}\) & \(590.29\pm 99.07\)\({}^{\rm\AA}\) & \(592.45\pm 65.20\)\({}^{\rm\AA}\) & \(581.98\pm 51.61\)\({}^{\rm\AA}\) \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{Propionic acid} & C & \(7.97\pm 0.66\)\({}^{\rm\AA}\) & \(5.62\pm 0.50\)\({}^{\rm\AA}\) & \(17.06\pm 2.96\)\({}^{\rm\AA}\) & \(48.09\pm 4.70\)\({}^{\rm\AA}\) & \(91.01\pm 19.42\)\({}^{\rm\AA}\) & \(126.48\pm 4.92\)\({}^{\rm\AA}\) \\  & L & \(6.91\pm 1.16\)\({}^{\rm\AA}\) & \(7.61\pm 1.07\)\({}^{\rm\AA}\) & \(35.89\pm 2.72\)\({}^{\rm\AA}\) & \(89.10\pm 2.10\)\({}^{\rm\AA}\) & \(144.74\pm 7.18\)\({}^{\rm\AA}\) & \(189.79\pm 3.30\)\({}^{\rm\AA}\) \\  & H & \(5.91\pm 0.82\)\({}^{\rm\AA}\) & \(8.03\pm 0.15\)\({}^{\rm\AA}\) & \(63.96\pm 2.41\)\({}^{\rm\AA}\) & \(100.027\pm 2.73\)\({}^{\rm\AA}\) & \(162.49\pm 0.95\)\({}^{\rm\AA}\) & \(171.89\pm 2.90\)\({}^{\rm\AA}\) \\  & R & \(4.63\pm 1.53\)\({}^{\rm\AA}\) & \(6.25\pm 1.07\)\({}^{\rm\AA}\) & \(6.40\pm 2.16\)\({}^{\rm\AA}\) & \(105.36\pm 23.2\)\({}^{\rm\AA}\) & \(127.4\pm 3.69\)\({}^{\rm\AA}\) & \(43.61\pm 28.4\)\({}^{\rm\AA}\) \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{Butyric acid} & C & \(4.20\pm 0.99\)\({}^{\rm\AA}\) & \(2.77\pm 0.10\)\({}^{\rm\AA}\) & \(3.96\pm 1.10\)\({}^{\rm\AA}\) & \(6.94\pm 0.31\)\({}^{\rm\AA}\) & \(39.36\pm 3.21\)\({}^{\rm\AA}\) & \(180.29\pm 4.62\)\({}^{\rm\AA}\) \\  & L & \(3.15\pm 0.52\)\({}^{\rm\AA}\) & \(4.51\pm 1.14\)\({}^{\rm\AA}\) & \(5.47\pm 0.15\)\({}^{\rm\AA}\) & \(41.08\pm 4.21\)\({}^{\rm\AA}\) & \(101.31\pm 3.81\)\({}^{\rm\AA}\) & \(201.53\pm 10.30\)\({}^{\rm\AA}\) \\  & H & \(2.73\pm 0.35\)\({}^{\rm\AA}\) & \(3.66\pm 0.11\)\({}^{\rm\AA}\) & \(8.83\pm 4.31\)\({}^{\rm\AA}\) & \(66.53\pm 4.22\)\({}^{\rm\AA}\) & \(123.37\pm 9.59\)\({}^{\rm\AA}\) & \(208.20\pm 19.41\)\({}^{\rm\AA}\) \\  & R & \(2.17\pm 0.52\)\({}^{\rm\AA}\) & \(2.76\pm 0.53\)\({}^{\rm\AA}\) & \(7.59\pm 1.94\)\({}^{\rm\AA}\) & \(11.41\pm 2.6\)\({}^{\rm\AA}\) & \(19.36\pm 0.92\)\({}^{\rm\AA}\) & \(144.03\pm 0.25\)\({}^{\rm\AA}\) \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{Iso-butyric acid} & C & ND & ND & ND & \(18.83\pm 5.99\)\({}^{\rm\AA}\) & \(51.38\pm 4.08\)\({}^{\rm\AA}\) & \(91.35\pm 4.30\)\({}^{\rm\AA}\) \\  & L & ND & ND & ND & \(33.31\pm 2.60\)\({}^{\rm\AA}\) & \(60.29\pm 3.27\)\({}^{\rm\AA}\) & \(120.16\pm 0.44\)\({}^{\rm\AA}\) \\  & H & ND & ND & \(6.48\pm 0.61\)\({}^{\rm\AA}\) & \(34.27\pm 0.42\)\({}^{\rm\AA}\) & \(57.07\pm 1.02\)\({}^{\rm\AA}\) & \(98.58\pm 14.28\)\({}^{\rm\AA}\) \\  & R & ND & ND & ND & ND & ND & \(22.92\pm 3.65\)\({}^{\rm\AA}\) \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{Valeric acid} & C & ND & ND & ND & ND & ND & \(4.50\pm 0.50\)\({}^{\rm\AA}\) \\  & L & ND & ND & ND & ND & \(1.13\pm 0.19\)\({}^{\rm\AA}\) & \(8.69\pm 0.34\)\({}^{\rmThe principal components of PC1, PC2, and PC3 contributed 52.26%, 32.78%, and 4.84%, respectively (Figure 5A). In the graph of NMDS (Figure 5B), only samples of group C occupied the second and fourth quadrants. Almost all samples of groups L and H were in the third quadrant, whereas all of R were in the first quadrant. The separation of H24 (or L24) from C24 (or R24) was distinct in both PCoA and NMDS plots.