# Nature-Based Management of Laws--Enhancing Biodiversity in Urban Green Infrastructure
## 3 Results and Discussion  
### Groups of Plant Species in Grasslands  
There were 46 plant taxa found during the monitoring--12 of them in ornamental lawn variants, 24 in city lawn variants, and 31 in permaculture lawn variants. A representation of the identified plant taxa is shown in Table 1. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c c} \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**Plan Species**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**Abbr.**} & \multicolumn{3}{c}{**Lawn Variants (Average Cover \%)**} & \multicolumn{3}{c}{**Classification According to Groups:**} \\ \cline{3-8}  & & **Oranmental** & **City** & **Permaculture** & **Species Suitability** & **Moisture** & **CCA** \\  & & **Lawn** & **Lawn** & **Lawn** & **for Laws** & **Content** & **Analysis** \\ \hline _Achillea millefolium_ & _AchMill_ & 7.3 & 6.3 & 4.3 & 3 & 5 & O/C \\ _Armoracia rusticana_ & _ArmRust_ & & & 3.0 & 4 & 6 & P \\ _Artemisia vulgaris_ & _ArtVulg_ & & 0.7 & 3.0 & 4 & 5 & C/P \\ _Bellis perennis_ & _BelPere_ & 6.7 & & & 3 & 5 & O \\ _Bidens tripartita_ & _BidTrip_ & & & 0.3 & 3 & 9 & P \\ _Calamagrostis epigejos_ & _CalEpig_ & & & 5.0 & 4 & 5 & P \\ _Carex hirta_ & _CarHirt_ & & 1.3 & 1.7 & 3 & 6 & C/P \\ _Centaurea macrocephala_ & _CenMacr_ & & & 3.7 & 4 & \multicolumn{1}{c}{} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{} \\ _Cichorium tirbyus_ & _CicInty_ & & 3.3 & 8.7 & 2 & 4 & C/P \\ _Cirsium arvense_ & _CirArve_ & & 6.0 & 2.3 & 4 & 5 & C/P \\ _Convolvolulus arvensis_ & _ConArve_ & & 3.3 & & 3 & 4 & C \\ _Convga canadensis_ & _ConCana_ & & 0.7 & & 3 & 4 & C \\ _Cornus sanguinea_ & _CorSang_ & & & 0.3 & 4 & 5 & P \\ _Crepis mollis_ & _CreMoll_ & 3.0 & 0.7 & 0.7 & 3 & 4 & O/C \\ _Dactyllis glomerata_ & _DacGom_ & 4.3 & & 13.3 & 1 & 5 & P/O \\ _Daucus carota_ & _DuaCaro_ & & 7.7 & 5.3 & 3 & 4 & C/P \\ _Equisetum arvense_ & _EquArve_ & & & 4.3 & 4 & 6 & P \\ _Erigeron annuus_ & _EriAnnu_ & 2.0 & & 5.0 & 3 & 5 & P/O \\ _Festuca arundinacea_ & _FesArun_ & & & 1.3 & & 1 & 7 & C \\ _Festuca pratensis_ & _FesPrat_ & & & 16.7 & 1 & 5 & P \\ \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 1: The list of identified plant taxa with the average cover and plant species classification in groups. Lawns represent a prominent component of green areas worldwide, regardless of regional climate variations. Despite their prevalence, lawns have not received extensive research attention [18]. Various definitions of a 'lawn' exist, but in this context, they are defined as an artificially created or modified plant habitat characterized by predominantly grass species (technically referred to as graminoids). Additionally, lawns may also contain spontaneous herbaceous species commonly known as 'weeds of lawn' [27]. These so-called 'weeds of lawn' play a vital role in fulfilling important ecosystem functions that hold significance for urban greenery as well as the lawn plant community itself. It is essential to recognize that lawns are dynamic plant communities, with their species composition shaped by human influence [51; 52]. According to a study by [PERSON] [53], _Lolium perenne, Festuca rubra_, and _Poa prtensis_ comprise the basic species composition of lawns in central Europe.