## 1 Introduction
### Evaluation of Soil Disturbance
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c c c} \hline \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**Vibration**} & \multicolumn{8}{c}{**Slope of the Compression Curve**} \\ \cline{2-9}  & \multicolumn{4}{c}{\(C_{\text{clb}}\)} & \multicolumn{4}{c}{\(C_{\text{clb}}\)} & \multicolumn{4}{c}{\(C_{\text{clb}}\)} \\ \cline{2-9}  & **20 Hz** & **35 Hz** & **50 Hz** & **20 Hz** & **35 Hz** & **50 Hz** \\ \hline
30 & \(-0.0423\) & \(-0.0439\) & \(-0.0466\) & & & & \\
60 & \(-0.0445\) & \(-0.0501\) & \(-0.0598\) & & \(-0.1400\) & & \\
90 & \(-0.0466\) & \(-0.0562\) & \(-0.0714\) & & & & \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 4: Slopes of the compression curves for each sample under different conditions. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c c c c} \hline \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**Condition**} & \multicolumn{8}{c}{**P/kPa**} \\ \cline{2-9}  & **12.5** & **25** & **50** & **100** & **200** & **400** & **800** & **1600** & **3200** \\ \hline \multicolumn{9}{c}{Undisturbed} & 1.2929 & 1.294 & 1.2871 & 1.2697 & 1.2409 & 1.1909 & 1.1233 & 0.7539 & 0.6950 \\ \hline \multirow{9}{*}{Disturbed} & 30 min & 1.2885 & 1.2861 & 1.2827 & 1.2401 & 1.1938 & 1.1287 & 1.0335 & 0.7272 & 0.6707 \\ \cline{2-9}  & 20 Hz & 60 min & 1.2632 & 1.2605 & 1.2596 & 1.2205 & 1.1502 & 1.1005 & 1.0147 & 0.7081 & 0.6629 \\ \cline{2-9}  & 90 min & 1.2545 & 1.2505 & 1.2482 & 1.1812 & 1.1223 & 1.0445 & 0.9443 & 0.6943 & 0.6613 \\ \cline{2-9}  & 30 min & 1.2873 & 1.2858 & 1.2812 & 1.2329 & 1.1772 & 1.0913 & 0.9313 & 0.7149 & 0.6703 \\ \cline{2-9}  & 35 Hz & 60 min & 1.2600 & 1.2565 & 1.2552 & 1.2111 & 1.1497 & 1.0835 & 0.9278 & 0.7011 & 0.6610 \\ \cline{2-9}  & 90 min & 1.2524 & 1.2492 & 1.2484 & 1.1862 & 1.1148 & 1.0425 & 0.9160 & 0.6851 & 0.6586 \\ \cline{2-9}  & 30 min & 1.2836 & 1.2828 & 1.2772 & 1.2292 & 1.1662 & 1.0877 & 0.9022 & 0.7037 & 0.6640 \\ \cline{2-9}  & 60 min & 1.2570 & 1.2541 & 1.2582 & 1.2075 & 1.1229 & 1.0371 & 0.8922 & 0.6832 & 0.6579 \\ \cline{2-9}  & 90 min & 1.2512 & 1.2486 & 1.2452 & 1.1790 & 1.0914 & 1.0204 & 0.8835 & 0.6767 & 0.6557 \\ \hline Remolded & & 1.2082 & 1.1198 & 1.0506 & 0.9506 & 0.89056 & 0.8105 & 0.7385 & 0.6331 & 0.5768 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 3: One-dimensional compression results of samples. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c} \hline \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**Mechanical**} & **Vibration** & \multicolumn{4}{c}{**Vibrating Frequency/Hz**} \\ \cline{2-5}  & **Duration/min** & **20** & **35** & **50** \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**Strength (\(RD_{q}\))** (Reprinted from Ref. [9])} & 30 & 0.22 & 0.31 & 0.42 \\ \cline{2-5}  & 60 & 0.28 & 0.39 & 0.52 \\ \cline{2-5}  & 90 & 0.28 & 0.43 & 0.58 \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**Deformation** (\(RD_{s}\))} & 30 & 30.2\% & 31.4\% & 33.3\% \\ \cline{2-5}  & 60 & 31.8\% & 35.8\% & 42.7\% \\ \cline{2-5}  & 90 & 33.3\% & 40.1\% & 51\% \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 5: Disturbance degree \(RD\). the disturbance degree \(RD_{q}\), defined by strength, is more sensitive than the disturbance degree \(RD_{s}\), defined by deformation, with \(RD_{q}\) ranging from 0.22 to 0.58, while \(RD_{s}\) ranges from 30.2% to 51%. The analysis suggests that the observed changes in the disturbance degree are due to alterations in the soil structure caused by vibration. Prolonged vibration duration transmits more energy into the soil, increasing internal disturbance; likewise, with the vibration duration increases, a higher frequency intensifies energy absorption by the soil, further augmenting internal disturbance. Consequently, increases in both vibration duration and vibration frequency result in elevated soil disturbance degrees. Vibration duration and vibration frequency are important factors in soil vibration disturbance and significantly affect the mechanical properties of structural clay. In practical engineering applications, vibrations can cause disturbance damage to soil, leading to the degradation of the soil's mechanical properties.