# Dynamic BIM Adoption Impact on Contract Cost Variance Factors Using PLS-SEM Techniques
## 4 Results and Discussion
### Dynamic Impact of BIM Adoption on CCV Factors over Time
Contractors can use the detailed 3D model to analyze and compare bids based on various criteria, such as the project scope, cost, and schedule, leading to better-informed decision-making during the tender evaluation process. Integrating BIM into contractual practices has transformed project delivery and contract strategies within the architectural, engineering, and construction (AEC) industry. BIM contract practices significantly impact stakeholders' implementation of BIM, with specific contract requirements such as deliverables, meetings, workflow documents, and software requirements being critical for effective BIM adoption [58]. On the other hand, the importance of PC and EF decreases with time. This decrease came from the increase in the relative importance of the factors CP, EP, and IQ resulting from the BIM effect. The PC will decrease with time and reach 15.00%, 11.45%, and 9.47% in 2023, 2030, and 2037, respectively. BIM fosters better collaboration among project stakeholders, allowing for early involvement of key team members in the cost estimation process. By integrating input from architects, engineers, contractors, and estimators, BIM can help align cost estimations with project requirements and specifications, reducing the impact of individual Project Characteristics on cost estimation discrepancies. This collaborative environment is highlighted in research by [PERSON] and [PERSON], who emphasize BIM's role in enhancing stakeholder communication and decision-making processes, ultimately leading to cost reduction and increased project efficiency [59]. The study addresses the dynamic impact of BIM on CCV, an area that has received limited exploration. The paper provides valuable insights for construction industry practitioners, decision-makers, and stakeholders by focusing on this practical aspect. It offers practical implications for better-managing construction costs over time, ultimately leading to improved project outcomes and industry practices. Moreover, the study employs a mixed methods approach by integrating qualitative data from expert assessments with quantitative data from project records. This comprehensive analysis enriches understanding the factors influencing CCV and provides a more holistic view of the problem. By considering qualitative and quantitative aspects, the paper bridges the gap between theoretical concepts and practical applications in the context of CCV and BIM adoption. The study forecasts the dynamic impact of BIM adoption on CCV factors over time. It considers the expected trend in BIM adoption in the future (until 2037) based on the assessment of construction industry experts. This forward-looking perspective helps stakeholders understand how increasing BIM adoption could influence cost management practices in future projects. The paper's findings can be utilized by construction industry professionals, project managers, and decision-makers to improve cost management practices and mitigate Contract Cost Variance (CCV). By understanding the factors that affect CCV and the dynamic impact of BIM adoption, practitioners can make informed decisions to optimize project outcomes, reduce financial risks, and enhance profitability. Implementing the insights from this research can contribute to cost savings, efficient resource allocation, and improved financial performance in construction projects. Concisely, BIM positively impacts the enhancement of Information Quality (IQ), Contractual Procedure (CP), and Estimator Performance (EP). Project Characteristics (PC) possess significant factors independent of BIM's influence. Over time, PC is expected to decrease in importance, reaching 15.00%, 11.45%, and 9.47% by 2023, 2030, and 2037, respectively. EP ranks highest among the group factors affecting Contract Cost Variance (CCV), followed by IQ and CP. The significance of these group factors is anticipated to grow over time.