# Monitoring the Health and Residence Conditions of Elderly People, Using LoRa and The Things Network
## 3 Research Method
### Application Scenario  
In the example of application in the Caramulo mountain, we considered installing a LoRaWAN Gateway connected to the TTN in the residence in the nearest locality, which receives data from the LoRa nodes, dispersed and isolated.  
Additionally, technological capacity installed in mountainous regions, mainly to produce wind energy, becomes an added value to the wind farms located in remote and isolated areas and parks with power generation towers, allowing Gateways to be installed with an internet connection. In the case of the mountainous region of Caramulo, here as a  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c} \hline \hline
**Relation** & **Description** \\ \hline System\_User & The user who will have a specific type of access, reserved to security forces, family, or other entities, who will have access via a web application or mobile app \\ UserACL & List of operations allowed to each user \\  & The list that allows registering the data of the service \\ ttn\_Administrator & administrator connected to the TTN for system \\  & administration purposes \\ ttn\_Gateway & Table to store the Gateways created and maintained by the service management team \\ ttn\_Application & Data registration of the various applications created for the management of devices and their data \\ Device & Device data recorded in the application \\ Sensor & Sensor data that is connected to each device \\ Sensor\_param & Calibration parameters for each sensor \\ End\_User & Primary data of the device user residing in a given monitored \\  & dwelling \\ Residence & Location by geographical coordinates of each residence of \\  & end-users \\  & Record of the history of tasks performed by the various \\ UserTask & system users for historical purposes \\ Device\_sensor & List of active sensors on each device \\ UserAlert & List of alerts logged by the system for each user \\ HomeAlert & List of alerts recorded by the system for each residence \\ Data\_Collection & Table to store data obtained from the TTN, which are sent by the devices \\  & the devices \\ Residence\_ACL & List of the various system users who are authorized to receive \\  & alerts and warnings from a particular residence or inhabitant \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}
Table 1: Data model relationships.  
pilot project, this capacity is quite significant, being established in it one of the largest wind farms in Portugal (Figure 3).  
The system consists of a web application that supports data management and incorporates an interactive dashboard that allows administrators to manage data and monitor system messages.  
The application set of support for the elderly monitoring and follow-up system includes several modules, namely the following:  
* Data collection module for personal use, composed of an ESP32/LoRa microcontroller with the sensors specified above.
* Housing status data collection module, comprising an ESP32/LoRa microcontroller with environmental sensors (temperature, humidity, carbon monoxide, gas, and smoke).  
The LoRa Gateway is connected to the internet with an established connection to the TTN, receiving from the LoRa nodes the periodically sent data. As for LoRa nodes, they are divided into two distinct types, home and individual nodes, as shown in Figure 4.  
Figure 4: Conceptual scheme of the system.  
Figure 3: GENERG wind farm in Caramulo (source: Adapted from [9]).