printing, and medicine (e.g., Basic Orange 5); (iii) _direct_ dyes, applied in leather, cotton, nylon and silk dyeing, and paper printing (e.g., Congo Red); (iv) _mordant_ dyes, used for the preparation of anodized aluminum, natural fibers, and leather and wool dyeing (e.g., Mordant Black 11); (v) _reactive_ dyes, applied in cellulosic, cotton, nylon, and silk and wool dyeing (e.g., Reactive Blue 19); (vi) _azo_ dyes, used in acetate, cellulose, cotton, and rayon and polyester dyeing (e.g., Methylene blue); (vii) _disperse_ dyes, applied to acetate, acrylic fibers, cellulose, nylon, polyamide, polyester, cotton, and plastic dyeing (e.g., Disperse Blue 5); (viii) _sulphur_ dyes, applied in cotton, leather, polyamide fibers, rayon, silk dyeing, and paper printing (e.g., Leucon Sulphur Blue 11); (ix) _solvent_ dyes, used for fats, gasoline, inks, lacquers, lubricant, oils, plastics, stains, and wax manufacturing (e.g., Solvent Red 146); and (x) _vat_ dyes, applied in the dyeing of cotton, cellulosic fibers, polyester-cotton, rayon, and wool (e.g., Vat Orange 15) [3; 10; 12; 13; 14; 15; 16; 17; 18; 19; 20; 21; 22; 23; 24; 25]. Due to the leading positions that textile dyeing, printing, and finishing industries have in relation to water consumption and their implicit production of colored industrial WW, the findings of this review are focused on the characteristics of the WWs produced by the textile industry and a possible coagulation-flocculation treatment step using new and innovative hybrid materials with comparative perspectives referring to conventional coagulants-flocculants used on a large scale, and the treatment techniques that can be used to prevent conventional persistent organic pollutants (POPs) from entering WW, especially synthetic dyes. In addition, it must be underlined that the specific water consumption rates of different industrial operations and processes of textile finishing (i.e., washing (3%), alkaline treatment (18%), whitening (37%), optical whitening (46%), soft, medium and/or dark dyeing and rinsing (50-73% from total water consumption of the textile company) varies depending on the textile operation or process type, such as presented in Table 1[10; 11]. For example, 70 L of freshly softened water is used per kg of cotton material during dark color reactive dyeing [10; 12; 13; 14], but with further optimization, the consumed fresh water can be reduced to 25-40 L per kg of cotton [12]. Moreover, the US EPA indicated a minimum of 40 L of clean water when coloring only 1 kg of cloth, a water volume that can increase according to the textile material and the requirements of the dyeing process [15]. A lot of recent studies have underlined the importance of removing color and dyes from WW before discharge to the aquatic environment, and several research studies have reported a few treatment methods (physical, chemical, and biological) that are able to reduce and even eliminate dyes as well as heavy metals from colored WWs within a short period of time (minutes to days) without causing secondary contamination or leading to additional metabolites [10; 11; 12; 13; 14; 15; 16; 17; 18; 19; 20; 21; 22; 23; 24; 25; 26; 27]. These scientific reports on textile WW discharge in the aquatic environment highlight numerous _direct effects_ (e.g., suppression in the streams of re-oxygenation capacity; groundwater pollution due to the leaching of contaminants through the soil; poor sunlight penetration in receptor damaging the ecosystem flora, fauna; aesthetic problems due to a change of color) and _indirect effects_ (e.g., suppression of the human immune system; the acceleration of genotoxicity and micro ecotoxicity due to allergens present in colorings; eutrophication; the killing of aquatic life, such as fishes, plants, mammals, etc.) together with their interconnections [28].