## 3 Results and Discussion
### Mechanical Traction  
As shown in Table 5 and Figure 5, significant differences are observed when comparing the mechanical properties of the TPS/PBAT and TPS/PBAT-PBSA formulations with the addition of Vinnex (V) and Joncryl (J). In the TPS/PBAT matrix, the addition of Vinnex increases the Young's modulus from 73 MPa to 100 MPa, indicating greater material stiffness, along with an increase in yield stress from 3.3 MPa to 4.5 MPa. Joncryl, on the other hand, did not significantly affect the stiffness (the Young's modulus remained at 74 MPa) but improved elongation at break, increasing it from 168% to 408%, and also raised the stress at break from 5.4 MPa to 11.2 MPa, indicating a greater ability of the material to deform before breaking. The combination of both additives (V/J) in TPS/PBAT resulted in  
Figure 4: Representative scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images of the surface of TPS/PBAT and TPS/PBAT-PBSA composites with and without the addition of Vinnex and Joncryl.  
a notable synergy, with an increase in elongation at break to 730% and stress at break to 16.9 MPa, highlighting a significant improvement in ductility and fracture resistance.  
In the TPS/PBAT-PBSA matrix, Vinnex and Joncryl also enhanced mechanical properties, though less pronouncedly compared to the TPS/PBAT matrix (Figure 5, Table 5). Vinnex increased the Young's modulus from 92 MPa to 98 MPa, while Joncryl slightly reduced it to 84 MPa, suggesting lower stiffness with Joncryl. However, elongation at break and stress at break were higher with Joncryl (500% and 9.1 MPa, respectively) compared to those with Vinnex. The combination of both additives (V/J) in TPS/PBAT-PBSA increased elongation at break to 610% and stress at break to 12 MPa, indicating improved material capacity to withstand larger deformations before fracturing. This is also corroborated by Hollomon's coefficients, which show higher hardening in the elastic-to-plastic regime with the addition of the compatibilizers. In summary, while Vinnex primarily enhanced the stiffness and initial strength of the material, Joncryl significantly contributed to ductility and energy absorption capacity before breaking, with synergistic effects observed when both additives are combined, particularly in the TPS/PBAT formulation.  
This synergistic behavior is consistent with previous studies that have shown how the incorporation of different additives and modifiers in polymer matrices can influence their mechanical and thermal properties [48].  
Figure 5: Stress–strain mechanical curves of TPS/PBAT and TPS/PBAT-PBSA blends.  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Reference** & **Young’s Modulus** & **Yield Stress** & **Stress at Break** & **Elongation at** & **n** & **K** \\  & **(MPa)** & **(MPa)** & **Point (MPa)** & **Break (\%)** & **n** & **K** \\ \hline TPS/PBAT & \(73\pm 24\) & \(3.3\pm 0.5\) & \(5.4\pm 0.4\) & \(168\pm 41\) & 0.2864 & 0.8519 \\ TPS/PBAT-V & \(100\pm 11\) & \(4.5\pm 0.5\) & \(10.3\pm 0.4\) & \(343\pm 18\) & 0.2864 & 0.8104 \\ TPS/PBAT-J & \(74\pm 14\) & \(3.5\pm 0.5\) & \(11.2\pm 0.4\) & \(408\pm 20\) & 0.2971 & 0.8135 \\ TPS/PBAT-V/J & \(85\pm 9\) & \(5.11\pm 0.6\) & \(16.9\pm 2.4\) & \(730\pm 70\) & 0.3466 & 0.7148 \\ TPS/PBAT-PBSA & \(92\pm 5\) & \(4.7\pm 0.1\) & \(9.0\pm 0.2\) & \(452\pm 25\) & 0.2744 & 0.9153 \\ TPS/PBAT-PBSA-V & \(98\pm 12\) & \(5.0\pm 0.0\) & \(7.0\pm 1.0\) & \(455\pm 25\) & 0.2933 & 0.8222 \\ TPS/PBAT-PBSA-J & \(84\pm 5\) & \(4.4\pm 0.2\) & \(9.1\pm 0.2\) & \(500\pm 37\) & 0.2967 & 0.9328 \\ TPS/PBAT-PBSA-V/J & \(90\pm 6\) & \(5.50\pm 0.7\) & \(12\pm 3\) & \(610\pm 93\) & 0.3644 & 0.7324 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}
Table 5: Mechanical properties of TPS/PBAT and TPS/PBAT-PBSA blends.