## 5 Discussion and Limitations  
The experts selected for participation in the Delphi method pointed out in their conclusions that the technology embedded in the vehicle and the warnings and messages it generates for the driver play a decisive role in determining the expenses of the drivers of a vehicle compared to other well-known determinants, such as proximity to the place where the car was bought or marketing campaigns. Based on this conclusion, the survey comparison conducted was suitable for exploring and verifying with real-life testing whether on-board technology could condition the maintenance expenditures around cars or not, and, thus, for determining whether there are positive spill-over effects of having an on-board ICT-based device in the car. It is interesting to note that the experts were not wrong, since this paper empirically demonstrates that introducing technology into the vehicle reduces the car-related spending. The hypothesis stated at the beginning of the study was therefore confirmed. Drivers who install technology in their vehicles save more (spend less) than those without connected technology in their cars and are more aware about their car expenditures. As a result, it can be concluded that technology plays a key role in saving money and time related to car expenses. The reason drivers of connected cars spend less on vehicle maintenance is because their vehicles' IoT devices will remind them to do maintenance so that the vehicles' engines keep working well and, in consequence, enhance fuel consumption and reduce the possibility of vehicle breakdown. Consequently, drivers will adapt their driving behaviors as induced by the messages issued by the IoT device, reducing car maintenance costs. A limitation of this study is that the driving styles are not considered. This certainly could influence fuel consumption performance, but not the other factors. The survey presented and the data gathered showed that drivers of connected cars have a clear tendency to track savings. Users with connected cars either save more or are more aware of savings because of the technology embedded in their cars. Expenditures on a car are important for people who drive a connected car, but are not so much for people who drive a vehicle without built-in communications technology (because they are simply not aware of what technology can do for them). This leads one to think that the mere fact of having the technology and information makes people with connected vehicles more aware of their vehicle's annual cost. A major future lever for cars and its associated mobility services will be the adoption of 5G, enabling new services for cars, thereby making mobility-related activities more comfortable and satisfying. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c} \hline \hline
**Perception of Vehicle Expenses** & **Connected Cars** & **Non-Connected Cars** \\ \hline Q1 (\% of expenses) & 2.12 & 2.43 \\ Q2 (Promotions) & 2.81 & 2.57 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 9: Perception of vehicle expenses (Section 3). While car mobility has brought enormous value to society over the past 100 years, there is still room to advance, particularly regarding efficiency, mobility cost, and car usage. There is great unexplored potential to study the impact of introducing technology to reduce expenses around cars, such as road infrastructure (free highways or toll highways), driving route information (more or fewer kilometers), and repair shops (with reverse auction). In this sense, technology should be viewed as an essential part of the car, and this technology should be connected to the different product and service providers to matchmake the drivers' real-time needs with the best possible solutions in each case. It is worth pointing out that connected cars not only help change the user's behavior but also have further advantages since this type of technology is a real-time communication enabler that allows the sender of the message and the receiver to adapt their responses at any given time.