## 1 Introduction
Additionally, it is believed that agricultural managers' management ability, human and land endowment, market competition environment, agriculture and land policy, non-agricultural employment and agricultural labor force opportunity cost, and the technological progress induced by the change in the relative price of the input factors are the main factors affecting the moderate-scale operation of agricultural land [29; 30; 31]. But what are the direction and intensity of these influences? Further clarification is needed. 3. In terms of operation mode, the scale operation of agricultural production factors (such as land) is gradually expanded to the scale operation of agricultural socialized services and agri-business [24]. Business entities have also been extended from large planners and family farms to specialized cooperatives, leading agricultural enterprises, joint-stock cooperatives, and grain industry alliances, and vegetable industry alliances [25]. Recently, attention has been paid to the development of the green agricultural growth corridor, which aims to coordinate large-scale agricultural investment with environmental protection [32]. However, in the suburbs of a metropolis, what are the most suitable form and path of agricultural scale management? 4. Regarding the evaluation indexes and methods for agricultural scale management, one advance is from a single assessment of economic benefits to a comprehensive assessment of economic, social, and environmental benefits [33; 34; 35]. Moreover, the evaluation methods have become more abundant; in addition to the traditional group comparison method and statistical analysis, production function, peasant household models, spatial autocorrelation model were gradually applied [36; 37; 38]. The recent progress of the evaluation methods was from land fragmentation assessment to landscape fragmentation assessment [39; 40; 41; 42; 43], and from the economic approach to the landscape ecological approach [44; 45; 46; 47; 48; 49; 50; 51; 52]. Previous landscape pattern analyses either focused on the relationship between urban landscape patterns and ecological environment effects, or were interested in the relationship between urban landscape patterns and land use change [53; 54; 55]. However, the relationship between agricultural scale management and landscape pattern change of farmland has not received enough attention. In general, although agricultural scale operations have always been a topic of concern in agricultural economics, rural development economics, and rural geography, there still have the following questions worth further study. (1) At a specific scale, existing studies mostly focused on the macro scale (cross-regional or national) and microscopic scale (plot or peasant households) and ignored the city or regional scale, especially in the context of farmland shrinking and plot fragmentation; does agricultural scale operation in the metropolitan suburbs have growth potential? (2) The traditional view is that plot consolidation and centralized land management are the premise and foundation of agricultural scale management [10; 56; 57]. However, there are two typical models of agricultural scale operation in the world: one is the large-scale modern agricultural development model represented by the United States, which has more land resources per capita and aims to improve labor productivity; the other is the small-scale modern agricultural development model represented by Japan, which has less land resources per capita and aims to improve land productivity [58]. In an increasingly fragmented landscape of metropolitan suburbs, will agricultural operation entities go? (3) The debate over the scale economy and descaling of the economy continues. [PERSON] [59] argued that large-scale production is a product of the era of industrial economy, and economies of scale shape giant enterprises. Descaling represents the largest change in the digital economy, and as artificial intelligence advances, more descaling will emerge.