## 1 Introduction  
The rapid increase in the world population and the inevitable development of technology have increased the need for new industrial facilities and, accordingly, new settlements. As a result of this necessity, ground-borne vibrations generated by the construction activities at the building sites, the machinery used, and the road and rail traffic that provide the transportation of raw materials and personnel to the established industrial zones can have an impact on nearby structures. Concurrently, heightened awareness within modern urban communities regarding environmental concerns stemming from ground-borne vibrations in densely populated areas has led to a greater desire for improved quality of life and safety. Particularly in densely populated or industrially developed areas characterized by soft ground deposits, the substantial ground vibrations generated by man-made sources in close proximity can disrupt daily life, accelerate structural deterioration, and impair sensitive electronic equipment used in various industries. Addressing these concerns necessitates ensuring that vibration levels near facilities sensitive to such disturbances, such as hospitals, laboratories, schools, concert halls, industrial complexes, and historically significant buildings, are maintained below specified limit values outlined in relevant standards. These vibration levels vary depending on many parameters, such as the dynamic characteristicsof the ground environment, the frequency of the vibration, and the location of the source and isolator. There are two types of vibration isolation systems defined by the location of the vibration source. Active isolation systems are installed close to the source to reduce the vibrations generated by the source, while passive isolation systems are placed in the area away from the dynamic source to be protected from vibration. Dynamic load-induced vibrations affecting the ground and adjacent structures include body waves (such as pressure and shear waves) and surface waves (especially Rayleigh waves). Since surface waves are generated away from the vibration source, the passive isolation system is designed with Rayleigh waves in mind. However, P-waves and S-waves dominate the design of the active isolation system due to their proximity to the vibration source [1]. The deployment of an open trench in favorable geotechnical settings is a common strategy to diminish ground surface vibrations caused by man-made sources on nearby structures. However, the use of deep trenches without lateral support in densely populated areas founded on soft soil deposits is not practical for engineering feasibility, and the vibration-absorbing of solid wave barriers is not at the expected level because of its high impedance. It is well known from both previous experimental and theoretical studies that one of the major factors affecting the insulation performance of wave barriers is the impedance value of the barrier material [2]. In this study, the vibration isolation performance of an effective wave barrier model fabricated using low-impedance materials, corrugated cardboard, and balsa wood, under impact loading is investigated. For this purpose, a series of full-scale field experiments were conducted. One of the reasons for preferring corrugated cardboard used in the production of the wave barrier described in this study is its corrugated structure with high energy absorption capability as well as low impedance. Several studies have been conducted in which corrugated structures exhibit excellent energy absorption capacity and controlled collapse behavior, making them highly efficient for energy absorption applications without considering the effect of impedance [3; 4; 5; 6; 7; 8; 9]. Numerous studies in the literature examine the energy absorption properties of corrugated cardboard in different areas, which is utilized in the production of the wave barrier investigated in this study.