## 3 Results
### Tensile Anisotropy and Fractographic Images  
As shown in Figure 9, the tensile strength of the HWMM-processed AZ31B magnesium in the horizontal direction is 5.2% higher than that of the WAAM-processed AZ31B magnesium, while the tensile strength of HWMM in the vertical direction is smaller than that of WAAM. Therefore, the anisotropy of HWMM is significantly higher than that of WAAM, and its anisotropy is 32.2%, far greater than 5%. At the same time, the tensile strength deviation of the HWMM-fabricated AZ31B magnesium is smaller than that of the WAAM-fabricated AZ31B magnesium. The yield strength of the HWMM-processed AZ31B magnesium in the horizontal direction is 3.5% lower than that of the WAAM-processed AZ31B magnesium, while the yield strength of the HWMM-processed AZ31B magnesium in the vertical direction is larger than that of the WAAM-processed AZ31B magnesium, so the anisotropy of the HWMM-processed AZ31B magnesium is less than that of the WAAM-fabricated AZ31B magnesium. At this time, the anisotropy of the HWMM-fabricated AZ31B magnesium is 2.0%, less than 5%, and the anisotropy of the yield strength of the HWMM-processed AZ31B magnesium is not significant. The elongation in the horizontal direction of the HWMM-processed AZ31B magnesium is smaller than that of the WAAM-processed AZ31B magnesium, and the elongation in the vertical direction is 30.8% lower than that of the WAAM-processed AZ31B magnesium. At the same time, the elongation anisotropy of the HWMM-fabricated AZ31B magnesium is 56.2%, which is far greater than 5%. The difference in elongation is significantly credible. The tensile strength and elongation anisotropy of the HWMM-processed Al5 Si aluminum alloy is 4.8% and 13%, respectively [32]. The anisotropy in the tensile strength and elongation of the AZ31B sample was 32% and 56%, respectively, being 6 and 3.3 times higher than that of the A15 Si samples.  
Figure 8: SEM micrographs of HWMM-fabricated AZ31B magnesium alloy sample. Al\({}_{8}\)Mn\({}_{5}\) and Mg\({}_{17}\)Al\({}_{12}\) are marked with yellow and red dots: (**a**) overview, (**b**) details of region B, (**c**) details of region C.  
Figure 7: OM image of the AZ31B magnesium alloy cross-section specimen fabricated with HWMM: (**a**) overview, (**b**) details of region B, (**c**) details of region C.  
It can be seen from Figure 10 that the fracture has typical dimples and ductile tearing edge characteristics, and some pores are found on the fracture. The fracture morphology shows that these dimples are formed by the plastic flow of the matrix (\(\alpha\)-Mg), while the eutectic composition or intermetallic compound phase remains unchanged at the center of each dimple. However, gas holes may be formed during HWMM processing due to oxidation or impurities in the wire. In a few cases, individual grains fracture in a brittle manner, which is likely to occur in grains perpendicular to the tensile direction [33].  
Figure 10: SEM micrographs of sample 7 tensile fracture: (**a**) overview, (**b**) details of region B, (**c**) details of region C, (**d**) details of region D, (**e**) details of region E, (**f**) details of region F.  
Figure 9: Tensile anisotropy of the HWMM-processed AZ31B magnesium, (**a**) ultimate tensile strength, (**b**) yield Tensile, (**c**) elongation.