## 3 Results
### Improved Table Representation
Papers emphasize the role of blockchain in fostering inclusive and sustainable educational ecosystems, as demonstrated by initiatives in Asia and Africa. These approaches can be adapted to Bahrain's diverse socio-economic context to bridge educational gaps and support sustainable development goals [9]. (6) Resource Allocation and Management  
The efficient allocation of resources, including funding and materials, remains a challenge in the GCC education sector. Blockchain can optimize resource management by providing transparent and tamper-proof tracking mechanisms. Examples from the USA and India highlight blockchain's utility in managing educational supply chains and funding allocations, offering valuable insights for implementation in Bahrain [10]. (7) Barriers to Adoption  
Despite its potential, blockchain adoption in GCC education faces barriers such as lack of awareness, regulatory uncertainties, and resistance to change. Addressing these challenges requires structured awareness programs, stakeholder training, and the establishment of clear regulatory frameworks. Successful strategies from other regions can guide efforts to overcome these barriers in Bahrain [11]. These themes underscore the transformative potential of blockchain technology to address the unique challenges of Bahrain's education sector. By leveraging global lessons and tailoring solutions to the GCC context, blockchain can enhance transparency, efficiency, security, and equity in education. Strategic investments, collaborations, and regulatory reforms will be crucial for realizing this potential. A summary of key studies on blockchain technology in education is provided in Table 2. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c} \hline \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**S/N**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**Author(s) and Year**} & **Relevance to** & **Global** & \multirow{2}{*}{**Solutions Proposed**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**Recommendations**} \\  & & **GCC Context** & & **Implementations** & & \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{1} & \multirow{4}{*}{[PERSON] et al. [1]} & Highlights & Discusses & Proposes a & \multirow{4}{*}{Develop a} \\  & inefficiencies in & & blockchain-based & blockchain-based & \\  & & credential verification & & framework for & \\ \cline{1-1}  & & and transparency in & verification systems & secure and & \\ \cline{1-1}  & & Bahrain’s & used during & tamper-proof & \\ \cline{1-1}  & & educational system. & pandemics & credential & \\ \cline{1-1}  & & & in Algeria. & management. & \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 2: Summary of articles “Blockchain Technology in Education”. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{p{113.8 pt} p{113.8 pt} p{113.8 pt} p{113.8 pt} p{113.8 pt} p{113.8 pt}} \hline \hline
**S/N** & **Author(s) and Year** & **Relevance to GCC Context** & **Global Implementations** & **Solutions Proposed** & **Recommendations** \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{2} & \multirow{4}{*}{[PERSON] et al. [2]} & Addresses the challenge of managing educational data securely across institutions in the GCC & Explores education 4.0 initiatives leveraging blockchain for secure data-sharing and learning & Suggests smart contracts to automate inter-institutional data-sharing and credential validation. & Invest in regional pilot programs for smart-contract-based academic records management. \\ \cline{3-6}  & & & & \\ \cline{3-6}  & & & & \\ \cline{3-6}  & & & & \\ \cline{3-6}  & & & & \\ \cline{3-6}  & & & & \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{3} & \multirow{4}{*}{[PERSON] et al. [3]} & Emphasizes the need for transparency in qualification & Demonstrates blockchain for digital education authentication in China’s e-learning platforms. & Develops a decentralized ledger for secure digital education & Implement blockchain for centralized educational data repositories across Bahrain’s universities. \\ \cline{3-6}  & & & & \\ \cline{3-6}  & & & & \\ \cline{3-6}  & & & & \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{4} & \multirow{4}{*}{[PERSON] et al. [4]} & Identifies gaps in administrative efficiency and secure credentialing systems in GCC educational institutions.