# Optimized Classification of Intelligent Reflecting Surface (IRS)-Enabled GEO Satellite Signals
## 1 Introduction  
Next-generation communication technologies offer massive connectivity, high data rates, low latency, and higher levels of service quality. Thanks to recent developments in contemporary aerospace technology, satellite communications can now provide services in various application scenarios, including broadcasting, navigation, and disaster aid. However, the wireless environment is conventionally seen as a variable entity whose uncontrolled reflections, refractions, and interference degrade signal quality. Undeniably, the achievable data rate and performance reliability have reached a saturation point, despite the development of many physical layer techniques, such as advanced modulation/demodulation and precoding/decoding schemes, typically at the endpoints of communication links to compensate for these negative effects. Substantial performance increases are anticipated when the wireless environment is included as an extra component for optimization. This is made feasible by using the innovative concept of reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RISs) or intelligent reflecting surfaces (IRSs) [1], which are capable of reconfiguring the wireless propagation environment into a transmission medium with more desired features. In addition, IRS-enabled GEO satellite signals can enhance worldwide coverage and expandnetwork capacity, thereby providing crucial support for rapidly expanding Internet of Things (IoT) applications [2]. The integration of IRSs with satellite communication technology also accomplishes the objectives of both the existing Fifth-Generation (5G) and the forthcoming Sixth-Generation (6G) communication networks [3]. Being a low-cost planar surface design with several reflecting components, IRSs can intelligently reconfigure the incident signal propagation by coordinating the reflection coefficient of each element [4]. IRS-assisted communication systems are undergoing preliminary research to improve their spectrum and energy efficiency. However, satellite downlink communications are prone to eavesdropping due to the openness of wireless communications and the vast beam area. In addition, interference difficulties grow more severe since the satellite communication system and terrestrial network use the same frequency range. Recent IRS advancements provide a good chance to address security and interference concerns. The IRS can prevent eavesdropping on the satellite downlink broadcast by reflecting the common-spectrum friendly interference from the terrestrial network. The IRS comprises many passive reflecting elements that could cleverly reroute a signal's path to the receiver. The incident-radiation-shaping IRS concept states that the phase of the incident signal from the transmitter may be intelligently moved toward the receiver without requiring additional power. Modulation classification can be crucial in communication for civilian and military applications to detect the received information [5; 6; 7; 8; 9]. Next-generation satellite networks are expected to adapt their modulation formats dynamically [10] in response to link conditions and terminal equipment configurations to meet the requirements of various terminal systems and applications. The development of hybrid transmission systems created a challenge for classifying the signals [11; 12]. Furthermore, the channel conditions are vital in precisely detecting the transmitted information [13]. Therefore, the classification accuracy can be improved by improving the channel quality. IRSs have recently been proven to improve the channel quality and maximize the coverage region by precisely adjusting the phase shifts of their constituent elements to meet a particular demand [14; 15]. The signals that IRSs reflect can be integrated with those that transit through other channels, constructively or destructively, to increase the intended signal strength at the receiver or decrease interference. However, the IRS operates in full duplex compared to the other relays, with no additional power for interference cancellation or amplification [16].