# Single EX-CCCII-Based First-Order Versatile Active Filter
## 5 Conclusions  
In this study, a new current-mode first-order versatile active filter using the extra-x second-generation current controlled current conveyor as an active element is proposed. The filter employs one EX-CCCII and one grounded capacitor, which offers the LPF, HPF, and APF in both non-inverting and inverting first-order transfer functions within the same topology, thus obtaining six transfer functions. The circuit offers low-input and high-output impedances that are desirable for current-mode circuits. The pole frequency of all filtering functions can be controlled electronically. The proposed current-mode filter can be applied to work as a TAM, TIM, and VM. SPICE validations using CMOS parameters 0.18 um confirm the validity of the proposed active filter. The filter uses a supply voltage of \(\pm\) 0.9 V, consumes 0.558 mW at a pole frequency of 2.85 MHz, and offers a dynamic range of 75.99 dB. The experimental setup using commercially available AD84 integrated circuits was used to confirm the functionality of the new topology. The new circuit can be applied to realize odd-nth-order filters, control systems such as a PID controller, communication systems such as phase/delay equalizers, and a phase lock loop. Conceptualization, M.K., F.K. and T.K. ; methodology, M.K., F.K. and T.K. ; software, M.K. and F.K. ; validation, M.K. and F.K. ; formal analysis, M.K. and T.K. ; investigation,  
Figure 18: Measured transient responses of APFs showing phase differences of the input and output signals for (**a**) AP+ (\(V_{o1}+V_{o4}\)) and (**b**) AP\(-\) (\(V_{o3}+V_{o2}\)). M.K., F.K. and T.K. ; resources, M.K. ; data curation, M.K. and F.K. ; writing--original draft preparation, M.K., F.K. and T.K. ; writing--review and editing, M.K., F.K. and T.K. ; visualization, M.K. and F.K. ; supervision, M.K. and F.K. ; project administration, M.K. and F.K. ; funding acquisition, M.K. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript. This work was supported in part by the University of Defence within the Organization Development Project VAROPS. * (22) [PERSON]; [PERSON]; [PERSON]; [PERSON] 0.3-V Voltage-Mode Versatile First-Order Analog Filter Using Multiple-Input DDTAs. _Sensors_**2023**, _23_, 5945. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
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