## 5 Conclusions  
In general, the results presented and the methodology shown can be used to improve short- and medium-term decisions in areas where major construction is to be carried out, as well as where and when to intervene in coastal erosion processes. The conclusions in response to the objectives set out in the study are as follows:  
1. Erosion changes from one point of the coast to another and according to the period analyzed (1930-1989 or 1997-2022), which demonstrates the complex effect of anthropic actions that have accelerated the natural erosion of the area.
2. The erosion of the cliff dune (zone D) shows episodic erosion due to strong storms but with rates in meters/year like those of the shoreline that protects it (zone B).
3. The breakwaters at the mouth of the Segura River caused a loss of 3353 m\({}^{2}\) of housing and an increment in shoreline erosion rates until 2022.
4. The prediction models used overlap with each other; therefore, the predicted area would be the most likely for the shoreline situation in the year 2040. The Lee-Clark model (based on learning a model created on the derived dataset that is used for extrapolation of historical data) has greater variability than the Leatherman one (based on rates of sea level change), although the latter is always close to the maximum erosion limit of the former. In this area, the effect of the rate of sea level change does  
Figure 11: Shoreline and area of possible erosion predicted with the LC model: (**a**) north of zone C by 2005; (**b**) middle sector of zone C by 2005; (**c**) north of zone C by 2022; (**d**) middle sector of zone C by 2022.  
not seem to be very important in shoreline erosion since this value was already quite high during the last century.
* Comparing the actual shorelines in the years 2005 and 2022 with those simulated using the Lee-Clark model, it can be said that anthropogenic actions exhibit their effect by increasing erosion rates. This effect is more noticeable in the central zone of this study (southern part of zone B and northern part of zone C) and more limited in the marina zone (northern part of zone B) and in the houses on Babilonia Beach (southern part of zone C).  
Conceptualization, M.F.-H. and R.C.; methodology, A.C. and R.C.; software and data-based model learning, L.I., A.C. and A.J.D.-H.; validation, L.I., A.C. and M.F.-H.; formal analysis, R.C., J.J.O. and E.C.; investigation, M.F.-H., A.C. and P.M.; data curation, A.C. and L.I.; writing--original draft preparation, E.C., M.F.-H., R.C., J.J.O. and A.J.D.-H.; writing--review and editing, M.F.-H., A.C., L.I. and R.C.; visualization, A.C. and M.F.-H.; supervision, M.F.-H.; funding acquisition, R.C. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.  
This work has been partially funded by the Universidad Politecnica de Madrid with grants to PDI and PhD researchers for international research stays of one month or more (resolution of 30 May 2022, of the Record of the Universidad Politecnica de Madrid).  
Not applicable.  
The data presented in this study are available on request from the corresponding author. The data are not available to the public, as some of the images used must be requested from the Cartographic and Photographic Center of the Spanish Air Force and cannot be disseminated without permission.  
The authors of this work would like to thank all the institutions that provide access to their material through official websites. The authors would like to thank the two anonymous reviewers for their contributions that have improved the final manuscript.  
The authors declare no conflict of interest.