# Graphic Applications of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) in the Study of Industrial Heritage Assets
## Case Study and Results  
### Sugar Cane Factory San Joaquin and the Aguila Aquduct  
Sugar cane cultivation was introduced along the coasts of Malaga by the Muslims. In the 16 th century there was already a pre-industrial production of sugar in the region. The introduction of the steam engine allowed a strong sector industrialization in the mid-nineteenth century. At that time, the province had 37 sugar factories that employed thousands of people [46]. The San Joaquin sugarcane factory is an example of this manufacturing activity in the region. This factory was built in 1879 and was dedicated to sugar production and alcohol distillate made from sugarcane. Around the factory, 200 ha were dedicated to sugarcane cultivation being considered as an agricultural colony [54]. The property had several owners throughout its history, due to the economic situations of each moment and the entry of new investors. However, the productive activity continued to develop until the middle of the 20 th century, when it ceased definitively. Actually, numerous remains of the factory are preserved, despite the threat of ruin to some parts [55]. In an aerial photograph of the factory obtained with an UAV flight, different structural elements and its distribution can be observed (Figure 4):  
Figure 4: Factory elements distribution. Aerial image obtained in the UAV flight operation. 1. Factory enclosure. The factory has an extension of some around 5000 m\({}^{2}\) surrounded by a masonry wall. The enclosure had two entrances. The pedestrian entrance, situated on the south side of the factory (1a), which gave access to the main entrance to the sugar factory. The other one (1b), located in the southeastern side of the enclosure, was the collected sugarcane entrance and the manufactured sugar exit. Actually, remains of the masonry wall can still be observed, although much of it is destroyed. 2. Worker houses. In the north part of the factory enclosure, eight houses were built for factory workers (2a). Actually, only part of the remain buildings can be observed. In addition, outside the factory enclosure, at the southeastern entrance, another building can be observed (2b), being dedicated to factory worker living quarters. The second structure remains in a better conservation state. 3. Warehouse. One element of the industrial set was a warehouse near the southeastern entrance. This building was dedicated to store the harvested sugarcane. 4. Office. Administrative and management tasks were carried out in an office building, located next to the warehouse. 5. Factory. The main building was made up of four H-shaped structural elements. Two central elements, with a rectangular floor attached on the longest side and two lateral rectangular floors, perpendicular to the central ones. The factory was equipped with English-made steam machinery, which was purchased by catalogue. This fact allowed it to be custom-built according the machinery dimensions. 6. Additionally, a chimney can be observed on the north factory facade. This element was built with smudging bricks (Figure 5a). It is characterized by a double band of a darker hue brick that runs longitudinally and forms rhomboid shapes, having a wider quadrangular pedestal. This chimney is the only example of such a decorated chimney in the province. 7. Irrigation water pond. For the irrigation of the sugar canecrops and for the steam engine operations, a water pond was built on the south factory facade. This oval-shaped pond stored water supplied by the Aguila aqueduct (Figure 5b). 8. Owners' residence. The last element initially corresponded to the owners' house, located in the west side of the enclosure, next to the main entrance to the sugar factory (7). Later on, this building would be used as the factory director's residence. All the buildings had a gable roof. They were closed with wooden trusses. Currently, only the office roof remains. In general terms, the industrial set show a poor state of conservation and reconstruction actions are required.