# The IoT/IoE Integrated Security & Safety System of Pompeii Archeological Park
## 8 The Video Surveillance and Security Systems  
The existing video surveillance system has undergone a significant upgrade and expansion, aimed at enhancing the overall security of both the outer perimeter and various internal zones of the monitored area. This enhancement involved the strategic deployment of a wide range of advanced cameras, selected based on the specific requirements of each surveillance zone, to ensure comprehensive and uninterrupted monitoring under a variety of environmental and operational conditions. The types of surveillance cameras integrated into the system include the following:  
* High-resolution bullet cameras (4K resolution): These are primarily installed to provide detailed and continuous surveillance of the site's perimeter, the main access roads, and various internal routes and sensitive zones. Their extended range and fixed focus make them ideal for linear coverage and the clear identification of movement across designated boundaries. * PTZ dome cameras (Pan-Tilt-Zoom): These cameras are designed to rotate horizontally and vertically, as well as zoom in on specific areas or individuals. They are strategically positioned in larger open spaces, at entrance points, and in locations of high tourist or public concentration. Their versatility allows security personnel to dynamically monitor areas that require active scanning and real-time focus. * Thermal and infrared cameras: Specifically utilized for right-time monitoring or in scenarios where visibility is poor--such as during fog, smoke, or darkness--these cameras are also essential for early fire detection. By identifying heat sources and changes in temperature patterns, they serve as a crucial component for emergency preparedness and incident prevention. * AI-powered analytical cameras: Equipped with advanced video analytics capabilities, these cameras utilize artificial intelligence algorithms to automatically detect and flag anomalous or suspicious behavior. This includes--but is not limited to--unauthorized intrusions, vandalism, theft, the abandonment of objects, and the formation of unusual gatherings. These features drastically reduce the time required for human operators to identify threats and allow for faster decision making. * Miniature and covert cameras: Discreetly installed in high-sensitivity areas, these small and visually unobtrusive devices are selected for their ability to blend into the environment while still providing high-quality surveillance. Their design ensures that they do not interfere with the visual or architectural harmony of the monitored zones, especially in culturally or historically sensitive locations. Due to the unique structural and spatial constraints of the site, a custom genetic algorithm [7, 25, 26] was used to optimize both the quantity and the spatial distribution of the cameras. This algorithm allows for an ideal balance between surveillance coverage and investment efficiency, ensuring that resources are allocated intelligently to maximize cost-benefit outcomes while maintaining high levels of security performance. The video surveillance system has been further strengthened by the integration of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs), ensuring the constant availability of a remote monitoring capability. This enhancement allows security and safety teams to benefit from rapid, efficient, and highly effective aerial surveillance, significantly improving the overall safety of the monitored area while minimizing potential risks. UAVs, commonly referred to as drones, provide a unique advantage by offering a flexible and dynamic \"eye in the sky\" that can be quickly deployed whenever needed. Equipped with high-definition cameras, thermal imaging sensors, and other advanced technologies, UAVs can capture detailed real-time visual and environmental data from a wide range of altitudes and angles. This capability is particularly valuable for covering large, complex, or difficult-to-access areas where fixed surveillance cameras may have blind spots or limitations.