## 4 Discussion  
This study examined the effects of psychological skills training on the brain quotient and perceived athletic performance of high school rapid-fire pistol athletes. This study trained a single group of four players for 10 weeks. The psychological skills training program consisted of goal setting, positive self-talk, routine, relaxation, image, and attention and concentration training through expert meetings based on previous studies and various data. Neurofeedback training was also conducted using NeuroHarmony S during each session. This study used the BQ test and a perceived athletic performance test questionnaire to verify the program's effectiveness. The difference in the brain quotient of high school rapid-fire pistol athletes before and after the psychological skills training program is that the tension and physical stress of the left brain, which are sub-factors of the attention quotient, significantly decreased. The results are consistent with those of [PERSON] [43], who revealed that when neurofeedback brain training was applied to high school students, the tension of the left brain, a sub-factor of the attention quotient, was significantly different. Therefore, the neurofeedback training conducted in this study stabilized athletes' physical tension, anxiety, and mental stiffness. Moreover, the study participants learned how to overcome physical and psychological tension after psychological skills training and were significantly more confident in their shooting skills and performance. The results of this study are partially consistent with those of previous studies [43; 44], which reported that neurofeedback training greatly reduced trait and state anxiety in adolescents and increased self-efficacy. Therefore, it is believed that changes in brain quotient through psychological skills training could decrease negative psychological factors, such as athletes' tension and anxiety, and increase perceived athletic performance. Notably, changes in the quotient of the left brain are more prominent than changes in the quotient of the right brain. Alpha waves, reflecting emotional stability, were more predominantly activated in the left brain during rest before training; similarly, even during concentration training, the sensorimotor rhythm (SMR) wave, which is a state of readiness for arousal and a standby state of the motor system, highly related to attention and concentration, was activated more predominantly in the left brain. Therefore, the results of \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c} \hline \hline  & & & & **(_n = 4_)** \\ \hline
**Variables** & **Before M (SD)** & **After M (SD)** & \(t\) & \(p\) \\ \hline Tension: Left & 16.75 (6.61) & 13.33 (4.98) & 3.838 & 0.031 \\ Tension: Right & 13.11 (7.02) & 12.16 (3.08) & 0.381 & 0.729 \\ Distraction: Left & 1.13 (0.36) & 0.94 (0.52) & 0.927 & 0.422 \\ Distraction: Right & 1.22 (0.65) & 0.90 (0.48) & 2.791 & 0.068 \\ Attention quotient: Left & 48.08 (10.94) & 46.40 (15.60) & 0.422 & 0.702 \\ Attention quotient: Right & 55.71 (10.55) & 48.95 (6.62) & 1.374 & 0.263 \\ Physical stress: Left & 16.75 (6.61) & 13.33 (4.98) & 3.838 & 0.031 \\ Physical stress: Right & 13.11 (7.02) & 12.16 (3.08) & 0.381 & 0.729 \\ Mental stress: Left & 1.13 (0.36) & 0.94 (0.52) & 0.927 & 0.422 \\ Mental stress: Right & 1.22 (0.65) & 0.90 (0.48) & 2.791 & 0.068 \\ Anti-stress: Left & 71.71 (8.99) & 75.00 (7.74) & \(-\)2.747 & 0.071 \\ Anti-stress: Right & 76.80 (9.71) & 76.71 (4.67) & 0.024 & 0.982 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 4: Results of paired \(t\)-test for brain quotient factors before and after psychological skills training. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c} \hline \hline  & & & & **(_n = 4_)** \\ \hline
**Variable** & **Before M (SD)** & **After M (SD)** & \(t\) & \(p\) \\ \hline Perceived athletic performance & 23.25 (1.708) & 28.25 (1.500) & 5.477 & 0.012 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 5: Results of paired \(t\)-test on perceived athletic performance before and after psychological skills training.