## 4 Conclusions  
In this study, a gasification experiment is conducted on corn stalks and oak in a fixed-bed system to characterize the gasification products of biomass. The effects of heating method and gasification temperature on the properties of the gasification products are mainly investigated. The main conclusions are as follows:  
1. As the gasification temperature increases, the yield of biochar and tar decreases significantly, while the syngas yield experiences a substantial increase. MG produces more syngas and less biochar than EG. Compared to EG, MG of biomass is a better method to be applied to produce the combustible gases to replace the fossil fuels;
2. The syngas mainly comprises H\({}_{2}\), CH\({}_{4}\), CO, and CO\({}_{2}\). When the gasification temperature increases from 600 to 1000 \({}^{\circ}\)C, the contents of CO and H\({}_{2}\) increase, while the contents of CH\({}_{4}\) and CO\({}_{2}\) decrease. EG produces more CO and less CO\({}_{2}\) at the same temperature as MG. Higher gasification temperatures facilitate an increase in the calorific value of the syngas. At 1000 \({}^{\circ}\)C, the highest net calorific values of syngas generated from corn stalk and oak MG are 11.61 and 10.60 MJ m\({}^{-3}\);
3. The tar mainly comprises the benzene ring compounds, the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and certain aliphatic hydrocarbons. When the gasification temperature increases, more primary tars are converted into PAHs. The yield of T\({}_{0}\) tar initially increases and then decreases, while T\({}_{4}\) tar continuously increases. MG produces tars with more benzene rings than EG. Employing only CO\({}_{2}\) as the gasification agent produces more tar in this study. For subsequent biomass gasification studies, a certain percentage of O\({}_{2}\) could be added to the gasification agent to crack some tar;
4. MG produces biochar with a richer microporous structure than EG. The biochar from MG has a higher specific surface area, pore volume, and average pore diameter than EG. The specific surface area of biochar from corn stalk MG reaches a maximum value of 525.87 m\({}^{2}\) g\({}^{-1}\) at 900 \({}^{\circ}\)C. The intensity of the characteristic peaks of functional groups on the surface of biochar decreases with increasing gasification temperature. Biochar in a microporous structure obtained via EG would be a promising absorbent during industry.  
The following supporting information can be downloaded at: [[https://www.mdpi.com/article/10.3390/app132011490/s1](https://www.mdpi.com/article/10.3390/app132011490/s1)]([https://www.mdpi.com/article/10.3390/app132011490/s1](https://www.mdpi.com/article/10.3390/app132011490/s1)), Table S1: GC-MS results of oak tar derived from MG and EG; Table S2: GC-MS results of corn stalk tar derived from MG and EG.  
Conceptualization, Y.Y., X.J. and L.D.; Data curation, Y.Y. and X.J.; Investigation, Y.Y., X.J. and L.D.; Resources, Y.Y. and X.J.; Supervision, L.D.; Writing--original draft, Y.Y.; Writing--review and editing, L.D. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.  
This research was funded by [the Huaneng Group Science and Technology Project] grant number [HNKJ21-H42].  
Not applicable.  
The data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author.  
The authors also thank the staff at the Instrument Analysis Center of Xi'an Jiaotong University for their assistance with the sample analysis.  
The authors declare no conflict of interest.