## 10 Results and Discussion
### Discussion
The packet loss ratio parameter indicated the proportion of failed transmissions within the CPS net \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{p{113.8 pt} p{113.8 pt} p{113.8 pt}} \hline \hline
**Type** & **Description** & **Security Aspect** \\ \hline Access Controls and Identity Management [69] & Ensure communication access to authorized entities within the CPS. & Prevent unauthorized access and establish trusted communication channels. \\ \hline TLS and SSL [113] & Provide encryption and authentication for end-to-end security of data in transit. & Protect against eavesdropping and MITM attacks. \\ \hline MAC and Digital Signatures [114] & Verify the authenticity and integrity of transmitted messages. & Ensure that data remain unchanged and originate from a legitimate source. \\ \hline VPNs [115] & Create encrypted tunnels between nodes. & Enhance privacy and security. \\ \hline PKC [116] & Ensures that data remain confidential from the point of origin to the destination. & Minimize the risk of interception and unauthorized access. \\ \hline SSH [117] & Encrypts communication sessions for remote access and command execution. & Adds an extra layer of protection against unauthorized access and data tampering. \\ \hline Network Segmentation [118] & Divides the network into segments with restricted access. & Limits the impact of unauthorized access and reduces the attack surface. \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 10: Communication security protocols for smart healthcare CPS. work. The ratio of lost packets decreased over time for both mechanisms. However, the GBG-RPL mechanism consistently demonstrated a lower packet loss ratio than the BCPS-RPL mechanism, demonstrating its effectiveness in ensuring reliable data transmission within the system. Energy consumption was measured to evaluate the efficiency with which the mechanisms utilized energy resources. Both mechanisms' energy consumption decreased over time, indicating improved energy efficiency in the CPS. The GBG-RPL mechanism consistently consumed less energy than the BCPS-RPL mechanism at each time interval, demonstrating its effectiveness in optimizing energy consumption. The parameter representing the number of nodes quantified the network's evolution over time. For both mechanisms, the number of nodes increased, with the GBG-RPL mechanism consistently having more nodes than the BCPS-RPL mechanism. This indicates that the GBG-RPL mechanism is scalable and capable of supporting a greater number of CPS network nodes. The end-to-end delay parameter measured the latency in message transmission within the CPS network based on the number of nodes. Both mechanisms' end-to-end latencies increased as the number of nodes increased. The BCPS-RPL mechanism displayed marginally longer end-to-end delays than the GBG-RPL mechanism, indicating possible differences in their respective delay-management performance. The effectiveness of the GBG-RPL mechanism in preventing blackhole and greyhole attacks, optimizing energy consumption, minimizing packet loss, and ensuring reliable communication in the CPS network was demonstrated by the evaluation of the proposed mechanism using