## 6 Conclusions  
This paper briefly introduces the CSES mission, an electromagnetism satellite dedicated to earthquake monitoring using space technology. The routine data preprocessing and seismo-ionospheric information analysis methods are briefly introduced. The possible seismo-ionospheric disturbances that appeared during the strong shallow earthquakes (with a magnitude over 7 and a depth shallower than 30 km) were analyzed by using CSES and other multi-source data.  
Based on previous studies and the CSES observations, we suggest that monitoring the short-term precursors from a stereoscopic monitoring system built from the lithosphere-ionosphere is possible. However, it is admitted that there is still a long way to go to identify the seismo-ionospheric precursors from the electromagnetism satellites correctly. Due to the complexity of the EQ preparation mechanism and the limitation of observation technology and data analysis methods, there are many challenges, and we need a multidisciplinary perspective to explore this topic. Finally, we state that the obtained results from the CSES are preliminary, requiring global efforts to search for pre-earthquake short-term precursors using advanced space technology.  
Conceptualization, Z.Z. (Zeren Zhima), J.L., X.S. ([PERSON]); Methodology, Z.Z. (Zeren Zhima), R.Y., J.L., Y.Y., Q.W., F.L., J.C., Q.L., S.Z., J.H., Z.Z. ([PERSON]), S.X., D.L., W.C., H.L.; Software, R.Y., J.L., Y.Y., Q.W., F.L., J.C., Q.L., S.Z., J.H., Z.Z. ([PERSON]), S.X., D.L., W.C., K.Z., X.S. ([PERSON]), H.L., F.G., Q.T., N.Z.; Validation, Z.Z. ([PERSON]); Formal Analysis, Z.Z. ([PERSON]), R.Y., J.L., Y.Y., Q.W., J.C., Q.L., S.Z., J.H., Z.Z. ([PERSON]), S.X., D.L., W.C., H.L.; Investigation, Z.Z. ([PERSON]), R.Y., J.L., Y.Y., Q.W., F.L., J.C., Q.L., S.Z., J.H., Z.Z. ([PERSON]), S.X., D.L., W.C., H.L., D.Y., H.H., J.W.; Resources, X.S. ([PERSON]); Data Curation, F.L., K.Z., X.S. ([PERSON]), F.G., Q.T., N.Z.; Writing--Original Draft, Z.Z. ([PERSON]), Y.Y.; Writing--Review & Editing, Z.Z. ([PERSON]); Visualization, R.Y., Y.Y., Q.W., F.L., J.C., Q.L., S.Z., J.H., Z.Z. ([PERSON]), S.X., D.L., W.C., K.Z., X.S. ([PERSON]), H.L.; Supervision, J.L., X.S. ([PERSON]); Project Administration, X.S. ([PERSON]); Funding Acquisition, Z.Z. ([PERSON]), X.S. ([PERSON]). All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.  
This work is supported by the NSFC Grant 41874174/41574139, National Key R&D Program of China (Grant No.2018 YFC1503501), the APSCO Earthquake Research Project Phase II, ISSI-BJ project, and Dragon project phase five.  
Not applicable.  
The data of CSES can be downloaded from the website ([[http://www.leos.ac.cn/](http://www.leos.ac.cn/)]([http://www.leos.ac.cn/](http://www.leos.ac.cn/)) accessed on 26 December 2021). The solar wind parameters and geomagnetic Kp and Dst indices are provided by the World Data Center for Geomagnetism, Kyoto ([[http://wdc.kugi.kyoto-u.ac.jp/](http://wdc.kugi.kyoto-u.ac.jp/)]([http://wdc.kugi.kyoto-u.ac.jp/](http://wdc.kugi.kyoto-u.ac.jp/)) accessed on 26 December 2021). The earthquake catalog is provided by China Earthquake Networks Center ([[http://www.ceic.ac.cn/dataout](http://www.ceic.ac.cn/dataout)]([http://www.ceic.ac.cn/dataout](http://www.ceic.ac.cn/dataout)) accessed on 26 December 2021). The ground-based TEC data are extracted from the global ionospheric map (GIM) published daily by the International GNSS Service (IGS). The atmospheric data are provided by the website [[https://disc.gsfc.nasa.gov/datasets/](https://disc.gsfc.nasa.gov/datasets/)]([https://disc.gsfc.nasa.gov/datasets/](https://disc.gsfc.nasa.gov/datasets/)) (accessed on 26 December 2021).  
This work is a joint endeavor of the CSES team to monitor earthquake activities using advanced space technology. We acknowledge all the CSES team members and those who support the CSES mission.  
The authors declare no conflict of interest.