Details on the molecular mechanisms of reported effects are described in more detail below. highlight the potential beneficial effects of ceragenins in the prevention and treatment of other inflammatory-related medical conditions. The Breadth of the Spectrum of Antimicrobial Activities of Ceragenins and the Possibility of Their Use in the Treatment of Oral Diseases  
Over the last few years, ceragenins were thoroughly tested against a spectrum of bacterial, fungal, and viral pathogens, demonstrating a promising class of cationic lipid antibiotics. Among the spectrum of microorganisms against which ceragenins have shown high bactericidal activity is a wide range of oral pathogens, including cariogenic and periodontitis-associated organisms. However, much of this characterization was performed using experimental conditions distinct from the oral environment. It is important to note that the clinical potential of these compounds has been considerably enhanced by the observation of activity against a significant number of these microorganisms in both planktonic cells and the biofilm they form. Table 3 summarizes the reports on the antimicrobial activities of ceragenins against microorganisms associated with oral cavity infections. Among these studies, research demonstrated by [PERSON] et al. deserves particular attention. The authors explored the antimicrobial activities of CSA-13 against _S. mutans_ (n = 24), \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Microorganism** & **CSA** & **Number of Tested Strains** & **MIC/MIC Range** & **Refs.** \\ \hline _Bacteroides fragilis_ & CSA-13/CSA-44/CSA-131/CSA-255 & 3 clinical strains & 1–64 & [140] \\ \hline _Bacteroides thetaiatomicron_ & CSA-13/CSA-131 & 1 clinical strain & 8 & [124] \\ \hline _Bacteroides stercoris_ & CSA-13/CSA-131 & 1 clinical strain & 2–8 & [124] \\ \hline _Candida albicans_ & CSA-8/CSA-13/CSA-44/CSA-131/CSA-142/CSA-192/CSA-255 & \begin{tabular}{c} 53 clinical strains, 3 \\ laboratory strains \\ \end{tabular} & 0.25–64 & [140; 141; 128] \\ \hline _Candida glabrata_ & CSA-8/CSA-13/CSA-44/CSA-131/CSA-255 & 15 clinical strains & 1–128 & [140; 141] \\ \hline _Candida kefyr_ & CSA-8/CSA-13/CSA-44/CSA-131/CSA-138/CSA-142/CSA-192 & 1 clinical strain & 1–8 & [141] \\ \hline _Enterococcus faecalis_ & CSA-13/CSA-44/CSA-90/CSA-92/CSA-131/CSA-255 & 4 laboratory strains & 1.4–\(>\)128 & [140; 143] \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{Filamentous fungi} & CSA-131/CSA-192 & \begin{tabular}{c} 18 clinical and \\ environmental isolates \\ \end{tabular} & 1–16 & [128] \\ \hline _Streptococcus mutans_ & CSA-13/CSA-90/CSA-92 & \
\begin{tabular}{c} 24 clinical isolates, 1 \\ laboratory strain \\ \end{tabular} & 1–8 & [143; 144] \\ \hline _Streptococcus salivvirus_ & CSA-13/CSA-90/CSA-92 & 1 laboratory strain & 0.7–1.5 & [143] \\ \hline _Streptococcus sanguitis_ & CSA-13/CSA-90/CSA-92 & 1 laboratory strain & 0.7–1.6 & [143] \\ \hline _Streptococcus pneumoniae_ & CSA-13/CSA-90/CSA-92 & 1 clinical strain & 0.35–1.5 & [143] \\ \hline _Streptococcus pyogenes_ & CSA-13/CSA-90/CSA-92 & 1 clinical strain & 0.35–0.75 & [143] \\ \hline _Fusobacterium mucletum_ & CSA-13/CSA-90/CSA-92 & 1 laboratory strain & 11.2–11.7 & [143] \\ \hline _Haemophilus influenzae_ & CSA-13/CSA-90/CSA-92 & 1 clinical strain & 0.35–0.7 & [143] \\ \hline _Lectobacillus casi sp. _casi_ & CSA-13/CSA-90/CSA-92 & 1 laboratory strain & 22.4–44.8 & [143] \\ \hline _Peptroptococcus spp._ & CSA-13/CSA-131 & 1 clinical strain & 0.5–4 & [124] \\ \hline _Porphyromans gingitulis_ & CSA-13/CSA-90/CSA-92 &
\begin{tabular}{c} 12 clinical isolates, 1 \\ laboratory strain \\ \end{tabular} & 2–16 & [143; 144] \\ \hline _Porphyromnas_ & CSA-13 & 2 clinical isolates & 2–16 & [144] \\ \hline _Porphyromnas_ & CSA-13 & 10 clinical isolates & 1–2 & [144] \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 3: Susceptibility of most clinically relevant oral cavity-habituating microbial pathogens to ceragenins. P. gingivalis_ (n = 12), _P. endigiginialis_ (n = 2), and _P.