# Evaluating Effects of Electric Vehicle Chargers on Residential Power Infrastructure
## 1 Introduction
Specific technical challenges include phase imbalance, current overload, voltage fluctuation, and harmonic distortion, all of which must be addressed through appropriate engineering measures to ensure safe and efficient operation [28; 29]. Recent studies have also explored EV charging habits and their influence on public charging infrastructure usage, emphasizing the importance of understanding the behavioral patterns of EV drivers. This aspect is often overlooked in traditional engineering analyses [30]. These behavioral and technical factors are closely interrelated, as variability in user charging patterns not only affects infrastructure usage but also complicates load forecasting and control strategies. EV chargers, as nonlinear loads, introduce harmonic distortion into the system, which can degrade power quality and impair the functionality of sensitive electrical equipment [31]. Numerous studies have emphasized the need for infrastructure reinforcement to support the growing demand for EVs. For instance, increased peak demand has been identified as a direct consequence of widespread charger usage, necessitating transformers and distribution system upgrades [32]. These findings collectively underscore the necessity for robust system design, advanced control and monitoring solutions, and forward-looking policy frameworks to support the successful integration of EV charging infrastructure in multi-residential environments. In response to these challenges, many international guidelines and industry practices emphasize the importance of maintaining power quality parameters, such as harmonic distortion, voltage balance, and flicker within acceptable operational thresholds [33; 34]. For residential buildings with high EV adoption, these issues are further compounded by the stochastic and user-driven nature of EV charging behavior. As such, maintaining power quality is not only a matter of technical design but also of proactive planning and adaptive load management [35]. A growing body of research has also been devoted to analyzing the extent of these disturbances and developing mitigation strategies, including phase balancing algorithms, harmonic filtering, predictive load control, and coordinated charging frameworks [36; 37; 38]. These studies collectively recognize that unmanaged EV charging can become a critical source of disruption, particularly in residential and retrofit contexts. This study presents a novel contribution by conducting an empirical analysis of electric vehicle (EV) charger impacts based on real-time field measurements in a condominium setting. This area has been underrepresented in existing research. Most prior studies rely on simulation models, lab-based experiments, or analyses of single-family homes and public charging stations. These approaches often assume uniform user behavior and overlook the operational complexity of shared residential environments. The condominium context examined in this work introduces distinct technical challenges and behavioral variability not captured in previous models. These include uncoordinated single-phase charging, phase imbalance, and retrofit limitations of low-voltage systems. While several previous studies have examined power quality parameters such as harmonic distortion and voltage unbalance, this research applies a comprehensive analysis of these factors within a real-world condominium environment characterized by shared infrastructure and user-driven variability. This contextual framework offers insights that complement existing findings by highlighting the practical challenges of EV integration in high-density residential buildings. Building on this context, the present study focuses specifically on the challenges associated with the integration of EV chargers in condominiums. These challenges are not merely technical anomalies but are often the result of infrastructure limitations that fail to accommodate the diverse and fluctuating demands of EV users.