# Bioactive Compounds in Breast Meat of Broiler Chickens Fed with Black Soldier Fly Wholesmeal
## 3 Results and Discussion
### Functional Fatty Acids Content in Breast Meat  
Chicken meat contains several bioactive compounds derived from lipids that contribute to human health, including monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids (MUFA and PUFA) and conjugated linoleic acid (CLA), which can be considered functional fatty acids. The concentrations of functional fatty acids (MUFA, PUFA, and CLA) in chicken breast are presented in Table 5. Dietary HI supplementation significantly affected the functional fatty acid content of chicken breast meat (\(p<0.01\)). Among the monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA), oleic acid (C18:1 n-9) has been shown to prevent SFA-induced inflammation [46]. MUFA intake and cardiovascular heart disease risk reduction have been positively correlated by [PERSON] and [PERSON] [47]. Oleic acid has demonstrated health benefits in diseases like coronary heart disease, rheumatoid arthritis, and cancer. HI supplementation resulted in a decrease in the C18:1 content, from 28.04% in the C group to 24.27% in HI5 and 21.58% in HI10. The differences between the factor levels were statistically significant (\(p<0.05\)). Similar results were reported by several authors who investigated the effect of HI inclusion on the quality of chicken meat [48]. [PERSON] et al. [31] confirmed our results on chicken breast of broilers fed HI larvae meal, compared to the control group. As reported by [PERSON] et al. [49], the increased intake of SFA in the HI diet resulted in the inhibition of C18:1 n-9 biosynthesis by suppressing elongase activity. Furthermore, [PERSON] et al. [50] attributed the inhibition of \(\delta\)-9 desaturase in the liver and subsequent reduction in the conversion of SFA to MUFA to the high amount of C18:2 n-6 in the diet. In contrast, [PERSON] et al. [34] found an increased proportion of MUFA in the breast muscles of chickens, and [PERSON] et al. [51] found an increase in MUFA in meat quails fed defatted HI larval meal. The \(\sum\) PUFA content in the breast meat was significantly lower in the HI group than in the control group (\(p<0.05\)). Additionally, it was negatively correlated with the dietary inclusion levels of HI (Table 5). These results are consistent with those of many studies that reported an inverse correlation between supplementation with HI maggot meal and total PUFA concentration in chicken meat [52]. However, the fatty acid profile and quality of chicken meat are significantly influenced by nutritional conditions or diet characteristics. Among the \(\omega\)3 PUFAs, ALA (C 18:3 n3) is an essential fatty acid that must be introduced into the diet. Many clinical studies have confirmed the different functions of human metabolism [16]. ALA has antioxidant properties; it acts as a radical scavenger of hypochlorous acids and peroxy radicals and is capable of chelating metal ions [53]. Furthermore, it plays a key role in the multienzyme complexes of pyruvate dehydrogenase, alpha-ketoglutate dehydrogenase-ase, and branched-chain alpha-keto acid dehydrogenase. [54]. Feeding BSFL resulted in a significant decrease in ALA between the C and treated groups (1.26% vs. 1.18% vs. 0.69% for C, HI5, and HI10, respectively; \(p<0.01\)). In particular, the decrease amounted to 45% in the HI10 group. The decreasing trend was similar to what was found by [PERSON] et al. [55] but in contrast with [PERSON] et al. [34], in chicken meat and [PERSON] et al. [56] in Barbaresco partridge meat, observing an increase in ALA correlated to the increase in the level of HI in the diet. The differences could be determined by the method of conservation (freezing) and killing of HI larvae, which influence the concentration of the lipase enzyme [55]. Breast meat is characterized mainly by triacylglycerglycerol and phospholipids, which are rich in n-3 PUFA. Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA; C20:5 n3) and docosahexaenoicenoic acid (DHA; C22:6 n3) are biological components with beneficial effects on human health [56].