## 6 Simulation Results
This is due to data load balancing by assigning different energy, which leads to greater packets reception in ODBR. Thus, reception of the data in DBR is the lowest compared to the other schemes. The packets' reception in all of the schemes is in the order: CoSiM-RPO packets' reception > SiM-RPO > CoDBR > ODBR. PDR is highlighted in Figure 9. The PDR of the CoSiM-RPO algorithm is the best compared to the other schemes. This is due to forwarding of the data in a cooperative manner to the MSs directly. The direct transmission of the data in a cooperative manner enhanced the PDR due to high packet reception in the CoSiM-RPO. The CoDBR also forwards data cooperatively to the sink, but the delivery of the data to the sink is done through other nodes, which reduces the packets' reception at the sink and tends toward a lesser PDR. The other schemes DBR, ODBR, and SiM-RPO are non-cooperative algorithms, which is the reason that the PDR is the lowest. The PDR of the proposed scheme is the best compared to the other existing algorithms, except CoDBR, up to 750 rounds. This is because, at the start, more nodes are available and have a greater chance of cooperation among them in CoDBR, which tends to higher PDR. After 750 rounds, due to the death of the nodes chances of cooperative data forwarding reduce, which makes the PDR go below the PDR of SiM-RPO. In the SiM-RPO algorithm, reception of the data at the MSs is the highest due to the direct exchanging of the data between the node and sink tending to get the highest PDR among the other counterpart schemes. The behavior of the PDR of the SiM-RPO scheme is almost constant in every round. This is because it has no dependency on the other nodes in the network during transmission of the data between the sender and sink. The MSs try to reach every node to collect data directly. The PDR of the CoDBR algorithm has the greatest compared to the DBR and ODBR schemes. CoDBR has greater packet reception and less probability of packets being dropped due to the cooperation of  
Figure 9: PDR. the nodes. Therefore, CoDBR achieves higher PDR, while in DBR and ODBR, only a single path is followed toward the sink and has a greater probability of packets being dropped and less reception of data, which tends to achieve the lowest PDR. The PDR of ODBR is better than DBR due to more packets being received, while the DBR has the lowest PDR among the other schemes. The PDR is in the order: CoSiM-RPO > CoDBR > SiM-RPO > ODBR > DBR. As highlighted in Figure 10, the number of alive nodes in the SiM-RPO algorithm is maximal. In the counterpart schemes, the data delivery through the multi-hop fashion leads to draining of the energy of a node at a high rate, which tends to die soon, while in the proposed SiM-RPO algorithm, the transmission between the source and sink is held through a direct path without any other relays, due to which, less energy consumes, and nodes are alive for the longest period of time. Hence, the proposed SiM-RPO has the maximum alive nodes with respect to the other algorithms, while in CoSiM-RPO, the data is delivered also by the relay to the MSs in the case of failure. Therefore, the number of alive nodes become greater than SiM-RPO. The number of alive nodes in the CoSiM-RPO algorithms is the highest compared to the other existing schemes, because in the proposed cooperative scheme, the MSs tries to reach every node for the collection of the data directly, which reduce the energy expenditure and enhanced the lifetime of the network, resulting the nodes to be alive for more time, while in the existing schemes, the packet delivery is done through many other nodes to the sink, which leads to extra energy being consumed and having a lesser number of alive nodes. ODBR has more alive nodes than DBR and CoDBR, because the data is forwarded in a single path to the sink and it manages the energy distribution between the nodes. The energy distribution leads to greater network lifetime; hence, the nodes are alive for a long time as compared to the DBR and CoDBR schemes.