## 2 Literature Review
### BIM-Based CPS  
CPS has emerged over the past decade and has become one of the most advanced research areas. CPS is a highly integrated system communication, computation and control strategy. Although CPS has been studied and applied in the fields of intelligent transportation, intelligent manufacturing, intelligent building, and smart cities [8], the research on the intelligent disaster prevention and mitigation structural system based on CPS is still lacking. Cyber-physical systems have emerged over the past decade and are an attractive research topic today [2; 3]. As an important emerging research field, related academic seminars have been held in many developed countries in the world. In 2007, CPS was listed as one of the eight key information technologies in the US President's Science and Technology AdvisoryCommittee [8]. The Natural Science Foundation of the United States has continuously listed CPS as a key research area and a funded project topic. CPS-related studies have been conducted not only in the United States, but also in Europe, South Korea, and Japan. [PERSON] [9] defines CPS as: \"Integrations of computation and physical processes. Embedded computers and networks monitor and control the physical processes, usually with feedback loops where physical processes affect computations and vice versa\". Applying this concept combined with BIM technology to building disaster prevention is also the current research and development trend of smart buildings. CPS-based technology has been studied in many fields, and great achievements have been made in both theoretical basis and application expansion [5]. [PERSON] et al. [8] used a BIM platform and the Internet of Things (IoT) to construct a CPS cloud architecture that can monitor, identify, control, and coordinate in depth in real time. In addition, [PERSON] et al. [10] applied CPS data to identify, review, and exchange online and reusable components, which can improve life cycle management. [PERSON] et al. [11] used information and communications technology to detect cross-domain cyberattacks and vulnerabilities in urban railway systems and presented valuable security analysis results. Moreover, [PERSON] et al. [12] noted that in railway CPS, digital sensors and physical facilities can be used to adjust the surrounding environment to achieve energy saving. [PERSON] et al. [13] proposed a CPS that can collect and identify biological sound systems with IoT sensors. [PERSON] et al. [14] introduced a transportation CPS and noted that the use of sensors, embedded computers, and network monitoring equipment can affect cyberspace in terms of reliability, availability, security, privacy, and performance indicators (e.g., bandwidth, network speed, and transmission data size), which assists the infrastructure with real-time data collection and data analysis. All of these conditions are necessary for real-time management. [PERSON] et al. [15] applied a CPS in situation-aware updates. When users download the application while on the train, the system can automatically update advertising items. [PERSON] et al. [16] proposed a python deep learning CPS to explore students' learning outcomes in relation to subject-specific teaching methods and suggested modifications to the teaching methods. Furthermore, [PERSON] et al. [17] applied a BIM-based CPS to automatically monitor various facilities of a building, calculate the performance of key indicators, and evaluate the efficiency of each subsystem and the overall efficiency of the building. The system can store facility operation records, assisting facility managers in relevant decision-making analysis. [PERSON] et al. [2] stated that CPS control can integrate the underlying communication system of a distributed network, which has crucial implications for engineering design, transportation, energy, and medical systems.