# Experimentation in 5G and beyond Networks: State of the Art and the Way Forward
## 2 Overview of Published Papers
### 5G Testing and Validation  
Five papers belong to this research area, with the main goal of experimentally analyzing 5G systems and technologies, often in the context of collaborative international projects.  
In Contribution 1, [PERSON] et al. introduce the experimentation methodology defined by the EU H2020 project 5 GENESIS, which aims to enable the testing of 5G network components as well as the validation of end-to-end KPIs, e.g., throughput, latency, and service reliability. The proposed methodology is modular, flexible, and open-source, thus enabling its adoption in any 5G testbed. The work also demonstrates the use of the methodology via real-world experiments executed in the 5G Non-Standalone (NSA) [16] network at the University of Malaga.  
Arguing about the low effort of researchers and companies in providing Internet access in remote areas, Contribution 2 by [PERSON] et al. presents the results of 5G-RANGE, an EU H2020 collaborative project between Brazil and the EU. The developed experimentation platform includes a fixed Radio Access Network (RAN) and a network ofUnmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs). This latter can be dynamically instantiated thanks to the NFV paradigm [13], which supports sporadic communication beyond the boundaries of the fixed RAN. This work presents a preliminary deployment validation by testing voice and data services.  
In Contribution 3, [PERSON] at al. present the main goals and achievements of the EU H2020 project 5 GCity. This project targets the design and implementation of neutral host solutions, which mobile network operators can use to accommodate the requirements of emerging services by dynamically sharing the same physical infrastructure via network slicing [14]. The proposed 5G-enabled neutral host framework is validated in the cities of Barcelona, Bristol, and Lucca.  
In Contribution 4, [PERSON] et al. present the design and implementation of a Software Defined Radio (SDR)-based Remote Radio Head (RRH) framework. This framework enables researchers to access non-simulated cellular networks more easily, thus reducing system development time and providing test and measurement capabilities for various wireless technologies. The performance of the proposed framework is tested by creating both 4G and 5G Standalone (SA) [16] network-in-a-box, capable of operating in multi-band multi-carrier configurations. Measurement results with a single user show the achievable performance of both networks in terms of downlink/uplink throughput and latency. Moreover, a lower CPU load of the 5G RAN compared to the 4G RAN, and, conversely, a higher CPU load of the 5G Core compared to the 4G Core are observed.  
Finally, Contribution 5 by [PERSON] et al. focuses on digital health verticals and presents the efforts of the Brazilian OpenCare5G project to test how 5G technologies can enable timely and efficient digital health services in remote areas. This project uses a 5G private network deployed at the Faculty of Medicine of the University of Sao Paulo, embedded with an Open RAN (O-RAN) infrastructure [17]. In particular, the work describes the results obtained during the first phase of the project, i.e., the execution of health examinations with portable equipment at different locations within the Faculty of Medicine of the University of Sao Paulo. A second phase of the project is also expected, with the execution of health exams in remote areas, where onsite personnel is supported by personnel at the University of Sao Paulo thanks to 5G-enabled efficient communications.