# Waste Management in a Sustainable Circular Economy as a Part of Design of Construction
## 4 Results and Discussion
### Application of Proposed Methods  
This section provides the application of the proposed method for the waste quantification of four selected types of construction and demolition waste. The proposed methodology was applied to quantify the CDW on a construction project (Figure 4) with the following characteristics:  
* Type: apartment house;
* Number of floors: 2;
* Number of apartments on 1 floor: 2;
* Surface area per apartment: 150 m\({}^{2}\);
* Surface area of other places: 45 m\({}^{2}\);* Surface area together: 690 m\({}^{2}\);
* Structure: concrete foundation strips, masonry vertical load-bearing structures, reinforced concrete ceiling plate, horizontal roof. A new construction project (apartment house) produces debris waste and packaging waste. At the same time, all four of the most significant waste streams (excavated soil, concrete, reinforced concrete, and masonry) are generated. Table 4 summarizes the quantification of CDW by applying the proposed method. The calculation is explicit. The thickness of the excavated soil is 300 mm; therefore, the value of Qi is 0.30 m\({}^{3}\)/m\({}^{2}\). The soil from the excavation is already defined in volume units, as cubic meters of loose soil, and then Ci is 1.00. The total volume of the excavated soil is removed, which means that the transformation coefficient of the debris waste is 1.000. The excavated soil does not need to be packaged, and, therefore, the transformation coefficient of the packaging waste is 0.000. The same calculation procedure was performed for all types of waste. This calculation determined that the most significant volume of waste originates from the excavated soil. The volume of CDW in the masonry work is also not negligible; however, this waste consists mainly of packaging material. A similar calculation procedure was implemented to quantify the construction waste for demolition works. Only the demolished waste enters the calculation. Debris waste or packaging waste is not generated during demolition work. The calculation is again given for four selected types of construction waste (Table 5). The next item of the calculation will be detailed for a better understanding. The exterior load-bearing walls are of a thickness of 375 mm. The value of Ci in this construction as cubic meters is 0.375 (Table 5). The transformation coefficient of the demolished waste for exterior masonry is 1.200 because the exterior walls are also demolished with layers of surface finishing, which increases the original volume of the construction elements by 20%. This calculation confirms an increase in the amount of waste in building elements, including surface treatments that were not removed before demolition work. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c c c c} \hline \hline
**CDW** & **Q\({}_{\text{i}}\)** & **C\({}_{\text{i}}\)** & **C\({}_{\text{DEBI}}\)** & **C\({}_{\text{PI}}\)** & **VAC\({}_{\text{i}}\)** & **VADESI** & **VA\({}_{\text{PI}}\)** & **m\({}^{3}\) Waste/m\({}^{2}\)** & **m\({}^{3}\) Waste TOTAL** \\  & & & & & & & & & & **(690 m\({}^{2}\))** \\ \hline
**Type** & **UM** & & & & & & & & & \\ \hline Transported excavated soil & m\({}^{3}\) & 0.30 & 1.000 & 0.000 & 0.300 & 0.000 & 0.000 & 0.300 & 207.0 \\ Concrete slabs & m\({}^{2}\) & 0.65 & 0.250 & 0.045 & 0.000 & 0.1625 & 0.007 & 0.000 & 0.007 & 5.046 \\ Masonry th. 375 mm & m\({}^{2}\) & 0.84 & 0.375 & 0.040 & 0.100 & 0.315 & 0.0126 & 0.0315 & 0.0441 & 3,429 \\ Masonry th. 200 mm & m\({}^{2}\) & 0.92 & 0.200 & 0.050 & 0.100 & 0.184 & 0.0092 & 0.0184 & 0.0276 & 19.044 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 4: Quantification of CDW for construction works. Figure 4: Construction project—apartment house: (**a**) floor plan; (**b**) section.