# Enabling Technologies for Urban Smart Mobility: Recent Trends, Opportunities and Challenges
## 3 Smart Mobility in Smart Cities  
### Overview  
Urban mobility is one of the major components of a smart city that acts as a critical factor behind smart and sustainable development. Today, nations across the globe are heavily investing in transport infrastructure as an approach to ensure smart and affordable means of transportation to citizens. Smart mobility is one of the key defining features of the smart city [60]. In most developing nations, where rapid urbanization is increasing the demands of smart and cleaner modes of transport, the need for smart mobility is ever increasing. The key mobility challenge in such countries demands the mass adoption of public transport systems. The key attributes of the smart mobility concept, as shown in Table 2, allow the users and other stakeholders clean, safe and efficient travel. The concept of smart mobility encompasses the shift from the traditional transportation system to Mobility as a Service (MaaS), where intelligent infrastructure connects \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c} \hline \hline
**Attributes** & **Significance** \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{Flexibility} & Allows users to choose from the multiple modes of \\  & transportation to suit their needs using smart and dynamic \\  & navigation. \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{Efficiency} & Provides efficient mobility options with minimum \\  & disruptions, low cost and minimum commute time. \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{Integration} & Ensures end-to-end route plans independent of the \\  & transportation modes. \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{Sustainability} & Promotes cleaner and sustainable operations with minimum \\  & emissions. \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{Security and Safety} & The efficient data sharing and connectivity models ensure \\  & road safety. \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{Social Benefits} & Provides equal opportunities to citizens to use public \\  & transport. Ensuring quality of life to all. \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{Automation} & Facilitates automation in all processes. \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{Connectivity} & The entities in the network are connected. \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{Accessibility} & Affordable to all. \\ \cline{1-1}  & User Experience \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 2: Smart mobility attributes. various stakeholders and entities to provide an efficient, intelligent and sustainable solution [61]. It includes multiple modes of transportation including on demand mobility solutions, electric vehicles, bikes, rapid mass transit facilities, walking, etc. The key idea behind smart mobility is to ensure quality service to the citizens and at the same time minimizing the impact on the surrounding environment [62]. Figure 5 presents some of the key benefits of integrating smart mobility solutions in a smart city ecosystem. Real Time Information Systems: The use of emerging technologies in the existing transportation systems and the development of smart mobility solutions provide real time data collection, monitoring, and management. The data collected from various connected entities result in efficient and smart information systems. Predictive Maintenance: Further, the machine learning and artificial intelligence concepts can be utilized for the predictive maintenance of various processes in advance. This is facilitated by continuous data collection and monitoring. Intelligent Parking Management: The real time data collected from sensors and other connected devices can be analyzed to provide useful insights into the availability of parking slots at various locations. Intelligent Traffic Management: The use of efficient data analytics can help in the real time monitoring and management of traffic to avoid any jams and congestions. Further, real time notifications can be sent to the connected vehicles regarding the state of parking, routes, etc. Automated Toll Collection: The smart mobility solutions provide hassle free movements at toll plazas by facilitating automatic payments.