## 5 Smart Community
### Smart Environment Management
#### 5.1.1 Air Quality Monitoring
[47] proved that Plantower, Nanchang, China, PMS5003 sensor, a kind of low-cost optical particle counter, is effective to collect PM concentration, which responds to questions about the reliability of low-cost PM sensor data. The Plantower, Nanchang, China, PMS5003 sensor is an optical particle counter that uses light scattering techniques to determine the number and size of particles [47]. Dust build-up would be the primary cause of failure for particle counters [48]. To solve this issue, [PERSON] et al. [48] introduced an improved PM sensor, Minimum Airflow Particle Counter. In addition, the Beta ray analyzer is another type ofPM sensor that measures PM concentration by the differences in radiation strength on the filter paper [49]. As for CO sensors, they typically monitor CO concentration through fluctuations in conductivity, such as the MiCS-5525 model [42]. In addition, they may also be chemical sensors (e.g., City Technology Ltd., Portsmouth, UK, A3 CO sensor) [50]. For the calibration of chemical sensors, [PERSON], [PERSON], andMartinoli [50] proposed a model-based sliding window single-hop rendezvous calibration algorithm to estimate the baseline and gain characteristics of chemical sensors, taking into account temperature dependencies and temporal drift of the sensors. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{p{113.8 pt} p{113.8 pt} p{113.8 pt}} \hline \hline
**Parameter** & **Model** & **Reference** \\ \hline PM\({}_{1}\) & SPS30, Sensirion, Stafa, Switzerland & [45; 51] \\ \hline PM\({}_{2.5}\) & PPD-60V2 & [52] \\ \hline PMS5003, Plantower, Nanchang, China & \\ \hline PMS5003-G5 & [44] \\ \hline SPS30, Sensirion AG, Stafa, Switzerland & [51] \\ \hline Not specified & [44; 45; 46; 48; 49; 51; 52; 53; 54; 55; 56] \\ \hline PM\({}_{4}\) & SPS30, Sensirion AG, Stafa, Switzerland & [51] \\ \hline PM\({}_{10}\) & SPS30, Sensirion AG, Stafa, Switzerland & [45; 51] \\ \hline Not specified & [45; 46; 49; 51; 53; 54; 56] \\ \hline Carbon monoxide (CO) & CO-B4, Alphasense, Essex, UK & [45] \\ \hline MiCS-4514 & [51] \\ \hline MiCS-5525 metal oxide semiconductor & [41; 42] \\ \hline TGS 2442 & [43] \\ \hline A3 CO, City Technology Ltd., Portsmouth, UK & [50] \\ \hline Not specified & [41; 42; 43; 46; 50; 52; 53; 54; 56] \\ \hline SO\({}_{2}\) & SO\({}_{2}\)-B4, Alphasense, Essex, UK & [45] \\ \hline Not specified & [46; 52; 53; 54; 56] \\ \hline O\({}_{3}\) & MQ-131 & [51] \\ \hline OX-B431, Alphasense, Essex, UK & [45] \\ \hline Not specified & [46; 51; 52; 53; 56] \\ \hline TVOC & Not specified & [55] \\ \hline VOC & Not specified & [54] \\ \hline NO\({}_{2}\) & MiCS-4514 & [51] \\ \hline NO\({}_{2}\)-B43F, Alphasense, Essex, UK & [45] \\ \hline Not specified & [46; 51; 53; 54; 56] \\ \hline H\({}_{2}\)S & Not specified & [46] \\ \hline C\({}_{6}\)H\({}_{6}\) & Not specified & [46] \\ \hline CO\({}_{2}\) & SenseCAP AU915 & [40] \\ \hline  & Aranet 4 Pro, Aranet, Riga, Latvia & [40] \\ \hline  & Not specified & [40; 46] \\ \hline NO & Not specified & [46] \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 2: The parameters collected for air quality data. Collecting several air and/or weather parameters with one sensor seems to be a trend nowadays in order to save costs and materials. For example, Aranet, Riga, Latvia, Aranet 4 Pro, a model of CO\({}_{2}\) sensor, can measure temperature, humidity, and barometric pressure [40]. Weather stations (e.g., La Crosse Technology, Wisconsin, USA, WS-2316 [41]) can collect several types of weather data, including barometric pressure, relative humidity, temperature, rainfall, wind direction, and wind speed. The BME280 sensor also can measure temperature, humidity, and barometric pressure together [51]. Common temperature and