## 4 Results from the Literature Review
### Connected Car
Research also underscores the importance of Vehicle-to-Everything in medical and rescue transport by alerting other road users to approaching emergency vehicles [254], while dynamically optimizing routes and reducing congestion to facilitate faster response times [255]. Moreover, V2X supports military applications by providing robust, high-speed communication between ground and airborne means of transport, crucial for responsive operations in dynamic settings [256]. Advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS) are a collection of numerous features that enhance vehicle handling while also improving safety. These systems, depending on the manufacturer, level of advancement, and built-in functions, may include a range of sensors and cameras. Key ADAS functions include lane-keeping assist, emergency braking, traffic sign recognition, driver attention monitoring, adaptive cruise control, and blind-spot warning. With these capabilities, ADAS can effectively monitor, enforce, or correct vehicle behavior on the road [44]. ADAS can be particularly significant from an economic perspective. Research has shown that their use can improve vehicle flow on highways and reduce travel costs due to lower fuel consumption [257]. Other studies have highlighted ADAS' role in shaping driving behavior, which also results in reduced fuel consumption [258]. Adaptive cruise control and lane-keeping assist are particularly beneficial in truck convoys, enabling them to respond simultaneously to changing road conditions, which improves safety and reduces transport costs [259]. Publications particularly emphasize ADAS' role in enhancing road traffic safety by reducing the frequency and severity of accidents [260; 261]. This is especially important, as a lower number of such incidents can reduce public expenditures on addressing their consequences, including infrastructure repairs, rescue services, administrative costs, and hospitalizations [262]. ADAS can also positively impact the environment due to their potential to optimize vehicle speed and reduce fuel consumption. This can limit pollutant emissions, thereby improving air quality [263; 264]. Furthermore, given ADAS' essential role in reducing road accidents, it is worth noting that they not only lessen the social and economic consequences of these events but also reduce resource demand. A lower number of incidents can contribute to sustainable development by reducing the need for spare parts or new vehicles, leading to decreased resource extraction and fewer production processes, which translates to lower CO2 emissions and water savings [265]. Modular vehicles are those with interchangeable components. This modularity is intended to facilitate repairs and maintenance or enable vehicle reconfiguration to adapt it for specific functions. This solution finds application across various industries and sectors, contributing to increased transport efficiency while reducing its harmful impact on the environment [266]. Publications primarily emphasize the importance of modular vehicles in the context of economic benefits related to transport [267], both for cargo and passenger services [268]. By adjusting the vehicle size to real-time needs through module detachment, carriers can cut operational costs. In urban settings, this approach can reduce travel times, fuel consumption, and operational expenses [269]. Additionally, modular vehicles enhance service quality, as they can swiftly reach destinations and seamlessly connect without requiring stops or transfers [270; 271]. Studies confirm the environmental benefits of modular vehicles, particularly electric models, over their entire lifecycle [272; 273]. This adaptability proves crucial during crises that disrupt transport demand, such as the COVID-19 pandemic [274]. Research also emphasizes the utility of modular vehicles in medical transport, where their customizable structure reduces response times and allows for configuration tailored to specific emergencies [275]. Furthermore, modular vehicles are highly beneficial in military operations.