## 3 Results
### Descriptive Analysis of Scoring Actions
Three techniques have a higher than expected frequency: harai-goshi, koshi-guruma, and o-soto-makikomi, with adjusted residuals of 3.2, 4.5, and 2.2, respectively. In the 90 kg category, the most used technique is uchi-mata. Four techniques have a higher than expected frequency: ippon-seoi-nage, o-uchi-gaeshi, sode-tsurikomi-goshi, and uchi-mata, with adjusted residuals of 3.1, 2.6, 2.9, and 2.6, respectively. In the 100 kg category, the most used technique is tomoe-nage, which, along with o-soto-gaeshi, has a higher than expected frequency (adjusted residuals of 3.6 and 2, respectively). Finally, in the +100 kg category, the most used technique is sumi-otoshi, and four techniques have a higher than expected frequency: sasae-tsurikomi-ashi, sumi-otoshi, uchi-makkomi, and uki-goshi, with adjusted residuals of 4.2, 2.3, 3.5, and 3.5, respectively. The distribution of scoring actions based on the score achieved was heterogeneous across different weight categories, with significant differences between them (\(\chi^{2}\) = 13.76, \(p\) = 0.032). The effect size test indicated a moderate relationship (\(V\) = 0.230). A greater number of waza-aris was observed in lower weight categories compared to higher weight categories, where ippons matched or even exceeded the number of waza-aris. Specifically, in the 73 kg category, waza-ari had a higher-than-expected frequency (corrected residual 2.5), while in the 90 kg category, ippon had a higher-than-expected frequency (corrected residual 2.4). Table S1 presents the descriptive analysis of scoring actions in groundwork judo (n = 52). For further details, see Table S1 in the Supplementary Materials. The distribution of scoring actions based on the time of the combat was heterogeneous across the different weight categories, with significant differences between them (\(\chi^{2}\) = 36.683, \(p\) = 0.047). The effect size test indicated a strong relationship (\(V\) = 0.420). Generally, there were more scoring actions during the initial minutes of the combat in most weight categories. In heavier weight categories, there were almost no scoring actions in ground judo during the final minutes of the combat. In the \(-\)60 kg category, more scoring actions than expected occurred in the third minute (adjusted residual 4.1). In the \(-\)66 kg and \(-\)73 kg categories, more scoring actions than expected were observed in the fourth minute of the combat (both with an adjusted residual of 2). The distribution of scoring actions based on the partial outcome of the combat was homogeneous across different weight categories, as no significant differences were observed between them (\(\chi^{2}\) = 10.611, \(p\) = 0.563). A higher number of scoring actions occurred when the score was tied or when the competitor was winning. Scoring actions were rare when the competitor was losing the combat. The distribution of scoring actions based on the penalties of the scoring judoka was homogeneous across different weight categories, as no significant differences were found between them (\(\chi^{2}\) = 13.6, \(p\) = 0.327). A higher number of scoring actions occurred when the scoring judoka had no penalties, with some weight categories (\(-\)90 and \(-\)100 kg)only showing scoring actions under these conditions. Scoring actions were rare when the competitor had one shido and very rare with two shidos. The distribution of scoring actions based on the penalties of the judoka who does not score was homogeneous across different weight categories, as no significant differences were found between them (\(\chi^{2}=9.974\), \(p=0.618\)). A greater number of scoring actions occurred when the non-scoring judoka had no penalties. Scoring actions were rare when the non-scoring judoka had one shido and very rare with two shidos. The distribution of scoring actions based on the position of the judoka who scores on the ground is quite clear, with little variation among weight categories. No significant differences were found (\(\chi^{2}\)= 56.288, \(p=0.389\)).