# Massive Data Capture Approach for Modeling Existing Building Stocks
## 1 Introduction
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c} \hline
**Year** & **Capture Method** & **Application** & **Resulting Model** & **Urban Context Inclusion** & **Reference** \\ \hline
2024 & TLS, UAV & Research & Mesh & No & [29] \\
2023 & TLS, LiDAR & Cadastral update & BIM & No & [30] \\
2023 & TLS, UAV & Culture heritage & HBIM & No & [31] \\
2022 & TLS, UAV & Culture heritage & HBIM & Building complex & [32] \\
2021 & TLS & Retrofitting & BIM & No & [33] \\
2021 & TLS, UAV, & Culture heritage & HBIM & Building complex & [34] \\
2021 & GPR, Laser, & & & & \\ Photogrammetry & & & & & \\
2021 & TLS, UAV & Culture heritage & HBIM & Village & [36] \\
2020 & TLS, UAV & Culture heritage & HBIM & Village & [37] \\
2020 & TLS, LiDAR & Diagnostic & HBIM & No & [38] \\ \hline \end{tabular} Legend: terrestrial laser scanning (TLS); ground penetrating radar (GPR); light detection and ranging (LiDAR); unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV), building information model (BIM), heritage building information model (HBIM), material passports (MPs).  
\end{table} 
Table 1: Recent related projects. scanner in order to construct a BIM, is highly valuable for historic buildings, these structures present unique challenges like irregular geometries, aging materials, and the need for digital preservation. Scan-to-BIM approaches, in this case, usually offer solutions tailored to document the intricate details of architectural elements and to facilitate adaptive reuse projects, ensuring compliance with heritage regulations. The challenges of adapting the technology to these kinds of historic structures limit its widespread applicability compared to the broader, standardized nature of contemporary buildings. Modern structures in need of rehabilitation often incorporate advanced materials, technologies, and designs, which make them ideal candidates for integrating Scan-to-BIM workflows for broader implementation, quicker results, and higher scalability, addressing global priorities like sustainability, operational efficiency, and regulatory compliance. Therefore, this research project aimed to define an approach to develop digital models of existing contemporary buildings that are useful for assessing energy performance and other possible analyses with controlled precision and georeferencing for existing urban stocks in need of rehabilitation. Specifically, this article focuses on school buildings, which are an example of stock that requires rehabilitation [41]. This study is part of the competitive project Waste-based Intelligent Solar-control-devices for Envelope Refurbishment (WiSeR) [42], which aims to move towards the refurbishment of educational building stocks within the circular economy concept. This rehabilitation scope requires more speed and less precision than heritage projects, in which high precision is required and the timeframes for the project are not a limitation [43]. The new approach is introduced in Section 2, and the case study is described in Section 3. The results are presented and discussed in Sections 4 and 5, respectively. The final section draws conclusions about the project's main findings.