## 2 Results and Discussion
### Impact of Cluster-Zone Leaf Removal on Grape Phenolic Profiles
#### 2.2.1 Anthocyanins
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{l c c c c c} \hline
**Compounds** & **Vintage and Variety** & **LR1** & **LR2** & **LR3** & **CK** \\ \hline Monomeric anthocyanins & & 2021 Cabernet Sauvignon & \(223.05\pm 19.4\) a & \(181.29\pm 10.79\) b & \(223.4\pm 15.58\) a & \(219.02\pm 421\) a \\ Cyanidin-3-O\(\beta\)glucoside & 2022 Cabernet Sauvignon & \(214.15\pm 3.83\) b & \(273.57\pm 8.91\) a & \(216.1\pm 16.04\) b & \(186.79\pm 47\) c \\  & 2022 Marsalan & \(187.29\pm 8.9\) a & \(152.68\pm 2.52\) b & \(187.08\pm 7.31\) a & \(152.55\pm 6.58\) b \\  & 2021 Cabernet Sauvignon & \(624.8\pm 21.57\) a & \(586.62\pm 14.1\) b & \(579.79\pm 26.91\) b & \(567.67\pm 417\) b \\ Penoidin-3-O\(\beta\)glucoside & 2022 Cabernet Sauvignon & \(518.32\pm 5.72\) b & \(572.32\pm 7.23\) a & \(497.24\pm 17.02\) c & \(504.31\pm 4.66\) b \\  & 2022 Marsalan & \(408.65\pm 8.92\) a & \(377.38\pm 24.6\) b & \(402.11\pm 3.63\) a & \(331.87\pm 9.65\) c \\  & 2021 Cabernet Sauvignon & \(651.97\pm 91.60\) c & \(85.33\pm 33.2\) c & \(496.67\pm 5.82\) b & \(657.27\pm 22.52\) \\ Delphinidin-3-O\(\beta\)glucoside & 2022 Cabernet Sauvignon & \(636.64\pm 31.18\) b & \(788.88\pm 32.27\) a & \(590.21\pm 38.14\) b & \(600.22\pm 21.39\) b \\  & 2022 Marsalan & \(669.39\pm 64.53\) a & \(532.95\pm 20.5\) b & \(572.28\pm 36.71\) b & \(456.52\pm 31.79\) c \\  & 2021 Cabernet Sauvignon & \(343.8\pm 26.4\) b & \(334.12\pm 16.98\) b & \(353.27\pm 32.2\) & \(340.53\pm 7.94\) \\ Petunidin-3-O\(\beta\)glucoside & 2022 Cabernet Sauvignon & \(357.85\pm 10.45\) b & \(424.37\pm 136.8\) a & \(332.91\pm 16.44\) b & \(331.89\pm 9.15\) c \\  & 2022 Marsalan & \(560.93\pm 41.04\) a & \(470.35\pm 136.5\) b & \(503.81\pm 28.49\) b & \(427.25\pm 132.44\) \\  & 2021 Cabernet Sauvignon & \(1822.93\pm 64.3\) a & \(1919.16\pm 53.43\) a & \(180.63\pm 86.11\) b & \(1673.74\pm 11.37\) b \\ Malvidin-3-O\(\beta\)glucoside & 2022 Cabernet Sauvignon & \(1937.17\pm 30.60\) b & \(2035.78\pm 39.18\) a & \(1723.46\pm 36.79\) b & \(1844.14\pm 25.95\) b \\  & 2022 Marsalan & \(2767.63\pm 58.28\) a & \(2774.62\pm 52.7\) a & \(2767.31\pm 68.72\) & \(2634.22\pm 55.26\) b \\ \hline Acylated anthocyanins & & 2021 Cabernet Sauvignon & \(39.16\pm 4.52\) a & \(277.77\pm 1.54\) b & \(39.87\pm 4.37\) a & \(38.67\pm 1.16\) a \\ Cyanidin-3-O(6-O-acetyl) glucose & 2022 Cabernet Sauvignon & \(33.45\pm 1.61\) b & \(43.88\pm 0.71\) a & \(31.29\pm 3.51\) b & \(28.13\pm 1.65\) c \\  & 2022 Marsalan & \(212.48\pm 1.81\) a & \(43.99\pm 0.49\) b & \(207.27\pm 12.74\) & \(143.13\pm 1.26\) b \\  & 2021 Cabernet Sauvignon & \(228.99\pm 8.33\) a & \(221.38\pm 47.39\) b & \(239.26\pm 12.92\) b & \(200.20\pm 1.6\) b \\ Penoidin-3-O(6-O-acetyl) glucose & 2022 Cabernet Sauvignon & \(215.52\pm 2.98\) b & \(233.56\pm 25.4\) b & \(199.54\pm 7.32\) c & \(209.98\pm 3.58\) b \\  & 2022 Marsalan & \(167.69\pm 50.3\) a & \(157.67\pm 50.2\) b & \(159.18\pm 6.45\) b & \(1286.19\pm 1.59\) c \\  & 2021 Cabernet Sauvignon & \(142.43\pm 13.39\) & \(136.38\pm 7.4\) & \(146.51\pm 14.88\) & \(148.5\pm 2.63\) \\ Delphinidin-3-O(6-O-acetyl) glucose & 2022 Cabernet Sauvignon & \(141.48\pm 6.01\) b & \(174.29\pm 74.9\) a & \(128.87\pm 9.13\) b & \(130.58\pm 3.03\) b \\  & 2022 Marsalan & \(115.22\pm 11.5\) a & \(92.67\pm 47.39\) b & \(99.13\pm 9.81\) b & \(72.28\pm 6.72\) c \\  & 2021 Cabernet Sauvignon & \(196.67\pm 18.36\) b & \(190.03\pm 9.96\) & \(214.14\pm 22.59\) b & \(197.62\pm 41.16\) c \\ Petunidin-3-O(6-O-acetyl) glucose & 2022 Cabernet Sauvignon & \(2123.62\pm 8.6\) b & \(2450.68\pm 72.8\) a & \(177.87\pm 14.37\) c & \(166.02\pm 4.81\) c \\  & 2022 Marsalan & \(232.46\pm 15.14\) a & \(195.91\pm 81.6\) b & \(215.55\pm 18.98\) a & \(173.26\pm 7.34\) c \\  & 2021 Cabernet Sauvignon & \(1397.61\pm 57\) a & \(1426.52\pm 87.85\) a & \(1407.32\pm 80.01\) a & \(12316.36\pm 5.99\) b \\ Malvidin-3-O(6-O-acetyl) glucose & 2022 Cabernet Sauvignon & \(1602.25\pm 47.26\) a & \(1628.64\pm 32.29\) a & \(1309.87\pm 35.69\) c & \(1472.92\pm 30.21\) b \\  & 2022 Marsalan & \(1789.73\pm 42.95\) b & \(1875.68\pm 37.02\) a & \(1774.26\pm 51.32\) b & \(1702.95\pm 22.29\) c \\ \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}