# Design of Man-Machine Synergic Lunar Coring Device and Its Coring Dynamic Analysis
## 5 Conclusions  
In this paper, a scheme is designed for a synergic coring device in a manned lunar landing sampling mission. It can be handheld by astronauts and mounted on a lander or rover to collect deeper lunar soil samples in their original state. The main work and conclusions are as follows:  
1. In response to the problem of the low coring rate of the static impact penetration method, a composite coring method of high-frequency impact penetration and rotary drilling coring is proposed. According to the simulation analysis, the impact-rotary drilling method is the more effective way to achieve rock crushing and coring in the lunar regolith.
2. The coring device for astronauts' handheld operation was designed according to the requirements of coring exploration for the manned lunar landing. The coring device can change the impact frequency (0-20 Hz), impact energy (5-15 J), and rotation speed (0-300 rpm) to adapt to different working environments during the operation. The coring tube and connecting rod can be interconnected to obtain deep lunar soil samples.
3. The impact module of the coring device was simulated and analyzed for its ability to crush rocks in the lunar regolith, and the optimal impact structure based on the spring energy storage scheme was determined. Additionally, the impact process is simulated by ANSYS explicit dynamics to determine the impact-crushing effect of the coring device on the lunar rocks. Under the action of the maximum impact energy (14.9 J), it can produce a plastic deformation effect of 0.47 mm on the lunar rocks within a time period of 5 ms.
4. Based on the handheld coring device, a man-machine synergic coring device was designed that can be carried on the lander or rover to address the many constraints of  
Figure 12: Crushing effects on simulated lunar rocks under different conditions (Strain, mm) (**a**) Coring tube under impact; (**b**) Coring tube under impact and rotation; (**c**) Drilling tube under rotation; (**d**) Drilling tube under impact and rotation.  
astronauts sampling on the lunar surface. This coring device provides more significant drilling pressure and counter torque, significantly reducing the work effort of the astronauts and increasing the sampling depth.  
The man-machine synergic coring device has a broad application prospect in the manned lunar landing sampling mission. In future research, the optimized design of a coring device will be carried out to further improve the synergy between the astronaut and man-machine synergic coring devices and achieve the goals of low power consumption, lightweight, and high coring rate.  
[PERSON] and [PERSON] completed the main research tasks and wrote the manuscript. [PERSON] revised the whole manuscript. [PERSON] proposed the initial ideas and finished deriving the theory related to soil mechanics. [PERSON]. ([PERSON]) and [PERSON] ([PERSON]) assisted in the design of the mechanical structure. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.  
The work described in this paper was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. U2013603, 51827901) and the Shenzhen Natural Science Foundation (Grant Nos. JCYJ2020531103614032, 20200826160002001, JCYJ20220818102409021).  
Not applicable.  
The authors declare no conflict of interest.