# Instance and Data Generation for the Offline Nanosatellite Task Scheduling Problem
## 3 Instance Generation
### General Procedure for Power Calculation
These instances were built using genuine input data based on the orbital characteristics of the FloripaSat-I mission and power harvesting calculations. They were created primarily to benchmark the performance of different solution approaches for the OINTS issue. The cases are intended to be scalable in size and complexity. The authors emphasize the need to share examples to ensure scientific research repeatability and provide a baseline for benchmarks in the OINTS problem. Furthermore, this research emphasizes the crucial role of power budget prediction for successful nanosatellite mission planning and satellite job scheduling. Power budget estimation helps engineers make educated decisions about the number and type of payloads that may be put on the satellite, as well as offline scheduling algorithms to obtain the best times to activate and deactivate payloads, optimizing the use of available energy and mission extraction of value. In other words, this study advances the area of nanosatellite scheduling by offering a collection of publicly available examples for researchers to utilize and compare their results against, as well as stressing the relevance of power budget prediction for optimal mission planning. As CubeSat missions are planned based on the data from our methodology, future work should be directed at validating and refining both the data and methods presented here. Writing--original draft preparation, C.A.R., E.M.F. and L.O.S. ; writing--review and editing, L.L. and V.R.Q.L. ; software, C.A.R., E.M.F. and L.O.S. ; methodology, C.A.R., E.M.F. and L.O.S. ; conceptualization, L.O.S. ; supervision, L.O.S. ; funding acquisition, L.L. and V.R.Q.L. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript. Figure 3: (**a**) Power (\(W\)) and SoC (\(\%\)) usage along the orbit; (**b**) schedule for each job. **Funding:** This work was supported by national funds through the Foundation for Science and Technology, I.P. (Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology) by the project UIDB/05064/2020 (VALORIZA--Research Center for Endogenous Resource Vaporization). The authors also acknowledge support from CNPq under grant numbers 404576/2021-4 and 150281/2022-6 and from FAPESC under grant number 2021 TR001851. **Institutional Review Board Statement:** Not applicable. **Informed Consent Statement:** Not applicable. **Data Availability Statement:** The data to support the results presented in this paper and the proposed model are available at: [[https://github.com/c-a-rigo/ONTS-data](https://github.com/c-a-rigo/ONTS-data)]([https://github.com/c-a-rigo/ONTS-data](https://github.com/c-a-rigo/ONTS-data)) (accessed on 29 January 2023). **Conflicts of Interest:** The authors declare no conflict of interest. ## Abbreviations

The following abbreviations are used in this manuscript:

ONTS  Offline Nanosatellite Task Scheduling

QoS  Quality of Service

EPS  Electrical Power System

B&P  Branch-and-Price

SoC  State-of-Charge

**Symbols**

The following symbols are used in this manuscript:

\(J\)  number of tasks. \(T\)  number of time units. \(u_{j}\)  priority of task \(j\). \(t_{j}^{\min}/t_{j}^{\max}\)  minimum and maximum running time required by task \(j\). \(y_{j}^{\min}/y_{j}^{\max}\)  minimum and maximum startups required by task \(j\). \(p_{j}^{\min}/p_{j}^{\max}\)  minimum and maximum period required by task \(j\). \(w_{j}^{\min}/w_{j}^{\max}\)  start and finish time of a task \(j\) execution window. \(V_{b}\)  battery voltage, in Volts. \(Q\)  battery capacity, in Ampere-hour. \(\rho\)  battery level lower bound. \(e_{cal}\)  battery charge/discharge efficiency. \(\gamma\)  upper bound for battery discharge current, in Ampere. \(r_{t}\)  energy harvested and available for tasks at time \(t\). \(q_{j}\)  power drained running task \(j\). \(i\)  orbit inclination in \({}^{\circ}\). \(\Omega\)  right ascension of the ascending node in \({}^{\circ}\). \(e\)  eccentricity [-]. \(\omega\)  argument of perigee in \({}^{\circ}\). \(M\)  mean anomaly in \({}^{\circ}\).