# Overview of Blockchain Oracle Research
## 4 Results
### Contribution by Author/Institution and Metric  
The most cited papers, authors, and contributing institutions are displayed in Tables 9-11, respectively. Building on prior bibliometric analyses [62; 63; 64; 65], the papers were ordered in terms of citations; therefore, the ten papers displayed in Table 10 are the most cited ones. However, institutions were ordered in terms of the papers produced. The list was not limited to ten but is restricted to those who provided at least three contributions. The most cited authors were selected with a mixed approach. Ordering authors by citation would have resulted in a biased list because of papers with many coauthors and citations. Therefore, to be inserted into the list, one requirement is that the author has to have produced at least two publications and has to be the first author for at least one of them. The requirement of at least two publications is to avoid the insertion of authors who have randomly contributed to a related paper. Then, assuming that the first author is the lead or the most contributing author, having first authored a paper appears to also be a necessary requirement. However, to also provide visibility to coauthors, Appendix B shows a list of coauthors who contributed to at least three papers. We were aware that a higher number of papers produced or a higher number of citations would not necessarily imply a higher impact or contribution in the field of oracle research. Such a claim would require a thorough study of academic contributions to the development of successful oracle applications, which is beyond the scope of a bibliometric analysis. In this research, a parameter, such as citations or produced papers, will correspond to a notable interest in the produced research of an author or a major effort from the institution to investigate the related field. The retrieved parameters do not reflect or question, in any case, the quality of an author's or institution's publication. As explained, information gathered with the above-mentioned approaches is provided in separate tables for clarity, but they should be discussed together to better grasp the meaning of the data. The most cited author is [PERSON] (908 citations) from the University of New South Wales (UNSW) CSIRO-DATA61. She had co-authored the first two most-cited papers and four among the first ten. She started contributing to the subject in 2016, and given that her last paper on the topic was published in 2021, she appears to still be investigating the subject. All the included papers published by the UNSW are first-authored by her, except for one by [PERSON], who is also among the most cited authors (116 citations). UNSW ranks third among the most productive institutions, with research mainly focused on oracles' architectures. The second most cited author is [PERSON] from the University of Toronto, who authored the third most cited paper (133 citations). In the University of Toronto, [PERSON] is also among the most cited authors, and this institution is particularly focused on investigating decentralized oracle mechanisms. The sixth and seventh most cited authors are [PERSON] and [PERSON] from Khalifa University, with 107 and 97 citations, respectively. From the same university are also [PERSON], [PERSON], and [PERSON], [PERSON], who are also among the most contributing authors but with fewer citations (50 and 49, respectively). Notably, Khalifa University is the most productive institution in the field, with 13 documents produced, of which 3 were among the ten most