An Energy Aware Grid-Based Clustering Power Efficient Data Aggregation Protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks  
[PERSON]  
1 Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, National United University,  
Maioli 360302, Taiwan  
2 Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, National Taichung University of Science and Technology, Taichung 404336, Taiwan  
3 Department of Information and Communication Engineering, Chaoyang University of Technology,  
Taichung 413310, Taiwan  
4 Department of Electrical Engineering, I-NING High School, Taichung 407001, Taiwan  
5 Department of Aeronautical Engineering, National Formosa University, Yunlin 632301, Taiwan  
5 Correspondence: [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (N.-C.W.); [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (Y.-F.H.)  
[PERSON]  
2 Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, National Taichung University of Science and Technology, Taichung 404336, Taiwan  
2 Department of Information and Communication Engineering, Chaoyang University of Technology,  
Taichung 413310, Taiwan  
2 Department of Electrical Engineering, I-NING High School, Taichung 407001, Taiwan  
5 Department of Aeronautical Engineering, National Formosa University, Yunlin 632301, Taiwan  
5 Correspondence: [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (N.-C.W.); [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (Y.-F.H.)  
[PERSON]  
3 Department of Information and Communication Engineering, Chaoyang University of Technology, Taichung 413310, Taiwan  
3 Department of Electrical Engineering, I-NING High School, Taichung 407001, Taiwan  
5 Department of Aeronautical Engineering, National Formosa University, Yunlin 632301, Taiwan  
5 Correspondence: [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (N.-C.W.); [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (Y.-F.H.)  
[PERSON]  
4 Department of Electrical Engineering, National Formosa University, Yunlin 632301, Taiwan  
5 Correspondence: [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (N.-C.W.); [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (Y.-F.H.)  
[PERSON]  
1 Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, National United University,  
Maioli 360302, Taiwan  
1 Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, National Taichung University of Science and Technology, Taichung 404336, Taiwan  
2 Department of Information and Communication Engineering, Chaoyang University of Technology, Taichung 413310, Taiwan  
Sensors have some limitations, such as energy, storage space, and computing capability. The process of receiving and transmitting data consumes a sensor's energy, which may cause the energy of them to be exhausted and result in their unavailability. It is not easy to recharge the sensors or replace the batteries in a large-scale WSN. Therefore, exploring energy efficient schemes to reduce energy consumption and extend the network lifetime is key to designing data aggregation schemes.  
The contributions of the proposed scheme consist of three items. Firstly, a two-layer grid-based data aggregation scheme for WSNs is presented, called the grid-based power efficient data aggregation protocol (GB-PEDAP). Secondly, the proposed scheme comprises a two-layer architecture: an inner layer and an outer layer. The inner layer uses direct transmission to collect the data of the cluster (cell), and the outer layer uses a tree structure transmission to collect the data of the cluster head (cell head). Finally, the proposed scheme can make the energy consumption of sensor nodes more uniform.  
The remainder of this paper is organized into four sections. In Section 2, the related work is introduced and reviewed. Section 3 presents the proposed scheme. In Section 4, simulation results are reported and explained. Finally, Section 5 presents the conclusions of this paper.