## 4 Conclusions  
In conclusion, our study highlights the strength of genome-wide in silico approaches in identifying potential allergens in food sources that have not been fully explored before. We were able to examine over 54,000 protein sequences of mango genome as a case study, revealing a more comprehensive allergen profile that has been previously documented. Figure 5: Heatmap showing sequence identity between mango proteins and known allergens. (**A**) Cysteine protease proteins XP_044488586.1, XP_044511549.1, and XP_044509143.1 were aligned with cysteine protease allergens from various species. (**B**) Non-specific lipid-transfer proteins (LTPs) XP_044503745.1, XP_04473132.1, and XP_044473056.1 were aligned with allergens across multiple plant species. Color scale reflects percentage identity: red = high, yellow = moderate, green = low. In addition to confirming the known allergens from mangos, we also found new protein families that have substantial similarities to recognized allergens from other plant sources such as lipid transfer proteins and cysteine proteases. These proteins showed good matches in allergy databases, conserved epitope areas, and high sequence identity, suggesting a high chance of cross-reactivity in sensitive people. The increasing number of clinical reports that associate mango with allergic reactions can be explained by this improved understanding of the mango proteome. Our findings also raise the possibility that there are a number of additional proteins with potential for allergies that have not been identified because of the limited scope of previous research on mango allergy. In order to determine which proteins require further investigation in clinical or experimental settings, researchers may now effectively and affordably screen entire genomes using thorough in silico methods. Overall, this work contributes to filling the gap in allergen knowledge for tropical fruits like mango and sets the stage for future research in allergy diagnostics and food safety. These findings may also help breeders and food scientists develop low-allergen cultivars and safer food products, ultimately benefiting individuals with food sensitivities around the world. The following supporting information can be downloaded at [[https://www.mdpi.com/article/10.3390/app15158375/s1](https://www.mdpi.com/article/10.3390/app15158375/s1)]([https://www.mdpi.com/article/10.3390/app15158375/s1](https://www.mdpi.com/article/10.3390/app15158375/s1)), Figure S1: Multiple sequence alignment of mango cystine protease and known kiwi allergen Act d1. Figure S2: B-cell epitope region of three potential mango cysteine protease and known kiwi allergen Act d1 identified by IEDB ([[http://tools.iedb.org/bcell/](http://tools.iedb.org/bcell/)]([http://tools.iedb.org/bcell/](http://tools.iedb.org/bcell/))) following Kolaskar and Tongaonkar method. Table S1: AllerCatPro database results of 54000 mango protein sequences. Table S2: List of high and low confidence potential mango allergens. Conceptualization, N.A. ; Data curation and analysis, A.Z., A.S., A.N.H., and N.A. ; Bioinformatics, N.A., A.S., A.Z., and Z.Y. ; Primary draft of the manuscript, N.A., and A.S., writing, review, and editing, N.A., A.S., A.N.H., A.Z., and Z.Y. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript. This research received no external funding. Not applicable. All data are presented in the main text, as well as the Supplementary Materials. N.A. gratefully acknowledges the initial funding support from the OU VPRP Office for the establishment of the Proteomics Core Facility. The authors declare no conflicts of interest. The following abbreviations are used in this manuscript: \begin{tabular}{l l} LTP & Lipid Transfer Protein \\ PR & Pathogenesis-Related \\ GPI & Glycosylphosphatidylinositol \\ EFSA & European Food Safety Authority \\ IEDB & Immune Epitope Database \\ pLM4 Alg & Protein Language Model-Based Predictors for Allergenic Proteins and Peptides \\ CATAS & Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences \\ \end{tabular}