## 5 Results and Discussions
### Frequency-Magnitude Distribution Analysis  
In tectonically active zones like the Red Sea region, data typically encompass a range of seismic events, including main shocks as well as aftershocks and foreshocks. The latter, although integral to seismic activities, may distort the analysis if the focus is on the primary seismic events. Prior to declustering, it's a standard practice to eliminate outliers from the dataset. In the Saudi seismicity catalog, outliers arise from various sources, such as instrumental inaccuracies, incorrectly recorded events, or non-tectonic activities (e.g., explosions). Removing these outliers is essential to enhance the subsequent analysis's accuracy and reliability. The final stage in examining seismicity in the Red Sea region, particularly following the exclusion of non-standard seismic events using the isolation forest method, involves two key activities: declustering the seismic catalog and estimatingthe frequency-magnitude distribution of events. This phase is pivotal for a more in-depth understanding of the area's tectonic behavior. Declustering the seismic catalog entails differentiating main shock events from their associated aftershocks and foreshocks. This separation is critical for a precise characterization of the region's seismicity, as it enables the analysis of independent seismic events without the influence of clusters commonly resulting from aftershock sequences. Declustering refines the dataset, more accurately reflecting the region's inherent tectonic seismicity rather than the seismicity induced by preceding events. Following the removal of outliers, the data were processed using the Gardner and Knopoff technique, a method well-regarded in seismology for its ability to distinguish main seismic events from their aftershocks and foreshocks. This approach is grounded in the statistical analysis of the spatial and temporal distribution of earthquakes. The dataset, once declustered, offers a more transparent view of the primary seismic events, devoid of the impact of aftershocks and foreshocks. This clarity is vital for precise seismic hazard assessments, comprehending tectonic processes, and preparing for potential seismic occurrences in the region. Following declustering, estimating the frequency-magnitude distribution is essential. This analysis offers insights into the probabilistic relationship between the frequency of seismic events and their magnitudes, a key factor in understanding seismic hazards. The frequency-magnitude distribution is a cornerstone in seismology for assessing seismic risk, as it informs about the likelihood of different magnitude events in the area. By examining this distribution, researchers can infer critical information about the stress regime and tectonic processes in the Red Sea region, contributing to a more comprehensive understanding of its seismic behavior. Together, these processes provide a comprehensive view of the seismicity in the Red Sea region, laying the groundwork for further exploration into its tectonic framework and potential seismic risks. The earthquake catalog, compiled from various seismic networks in the region, features different magnitude scales. To standardize these scales, we employed empirical equations formulated by [2; 41]. These equations were instrumental in converting all magnitude recordings to the moment magnitude scale, ensuring uniformity and comparability across the data set. To examine the spatial distribution of key seismicity parameters, including the magnitude of completeness ((\(M_{c}\))) and the frequency-magnitude distribution (\(a\)- and \(b\)-values), the study area was segmented into multiple seismogenic zones. These zones were delineated based on the framework proposed by [42] in their seismic study. This division is critical for a detailed analysis of seismicity patterns, as it allows for a zone-specific assessment of seismic characteristics, enhancing our understanding of regional seismic behavior.