# Earth Observation and Biodiversity Big Data for Forest Habitat Types Classification and Mapping
## 3 Results
### Classification
#### 3.2.2 Supervised Machine Learning Model
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c c c c c c c c} \hline \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**Map Class**} & \multicolumn{8}{c}{**Reference Class**} \\ \cline{2-11}  & **T11** & **T15** & **T17** & **T18** & **T19** & **T1A** & **T1B** & **T1C** & **T1D** & **T1E** & **T1F** & **T1G** & **Sum** & **UA (SE)** \\ \hline
**T11** & **36** & 4 & 1 & 1 & 6 & 1 & 4 & 0 & 0 & 2 & 2 & 0 & 57 & 50.7 (0.06) \\
**T15** & 5 & **22** & 1 & 2 & 0 & 1 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 31 & 55 (0.08) \\
**T17** & 6 & 3 & 357 & 22 & 27 & 2 & 5 & 3 & 0 & 0 & 20 & 4 & 449 & 85.6 (0.02) \\
**T18** & 1 & 0 & 16 & 17 & 0 & 0 & 1 & 1 & 0 & 1 & 1 & 0 & 38 & 37.8 (0.08) \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 5: Confusion matrix of RF result for the broadleaved deciduous forest habitat-type EUNIS III level classification. T11: temperate _Salix_ and _Populus_ riparian forest, T15: broadleaved swamp forest on non-acid peat, T17: _Fagus_ forest on non-acid soils, T18: _Fagus_ forest on acid soils, T19: temperate and submediterranean thermophilous deciduous forest, T1A: mediterranean thermophilulous deciduous forest, T1B: acidophilous _Quercus_ forest, T1C: temperate and boreal mountain _Betula_ and _Populus tremula_ forest on mineral soils, T1D: southern european mountain _Betula_ and _P. tremula_ forest on mineral soils, T1E: _Carpinus_ and _Quercus_ mesic deciduous forest, T1F: ravine forest, T1G: _A. cordata_ forest. OA: Overall Accuracy, PA: Producer’s Accuracy, UA: User’s Accuracy, SE: Standard Error. Overall, the environmental variables were, by far, the most important factor for explaining the classification of the forest habitat-types, regardless of the EUNIS level. The variables exhibiting higher Gini index values for the EUNIS II level classification were: latitude; distance from shoreline; elevation; annual standard deviation LAI; pH index; Sentinel-2 MSI spectral index RI value at yearly month 03; annual cumulated rainfall; annual delta LAI; Sentinel-2 MSI spectral index EVI value at yearly month 03; and, absolute depth to bedrock (see Figure 4). For the two broadleaved classification at EUNIS III level (T1 and T2), the most important variables were: latitude; distance from shoreline (Log10); \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c c c} \hline \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**Map Class**} & \multicolumn{8}{c}{**Reference Class**} \\ \cline{2-9}  & **T21** & **T22** & **T24** & **T27** & **Sum** & **UA (SE)** \\ \hline
**T21** & **551** & 12 & 19 & 4 & 586 & 96.5 (0.01) \\
**T22** & 4 & 5 & 0 & 0 & 9 & 29.4 (0.18) \\
**T24** & 11 & 0 & 29 & 0 & 40 & 60.4 (0.07) \\
**T27** & 5 & 0 & 0 & **4** & 9 & 50 (0.18) \\ \hline
**Sum** & 571 & 17 & 48 & 8 & **OA (SE)** 91.5\% (1.12) \\ \hline
**PA (SE)** & 94 (0.00) & 55.6 (3.44) & 72.5 (0.57) & 44.4 (4.17) & **Kappa** 0.55 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 6: Confusion matrix of RF result for the broadleaved evergreen forest habitat type EUNIS III level classification. T21: mediterranean overgreen _Quercus_ forest, T22: mainland laurophyllous forest, T24: _Olea europaea-Ceratonia siliqua_ forest, T27: _Ilex aquifolium_ forest. OA: Overall Accuracy, PA: Producer’s Accuracy, UA: User’s Accuracy, SE: Standard Error.