###### Abstract
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c c} \hline
**Genotype** & **Concentration** & **Larvae** & **IC** & **Pupal** & **IC** & **Adult** & **IC** \\ \hline \multirow{6}{*}{_brown_} & Control & 27.27 bodef & & 24.40 cdefg & & 20.33 bodef & \\ \cline{2-8}  & 0.5 & 23.73 bodefg & 12.96 & 19.67 defigh & 19.40 & 17.13 cdefigh & 15.74 \\ \cline{2-8}  & 0.75 & 23.53 gefigh & 13.69 & 17.67 gfigh & 27.60 & 16.07 bodefg & 20.98 \\ \cline{2-8}  & 1 & 19.93 gefigh & 26.89 & 16.33 gfigh & 33.06 & 14.60 gfighi & 28.20 \\ \cline{2-8}  & 2 & 18.80 gfigh & 31.05 & 14.40 hi & 40.98 & 12.07 fighi & 40.66 \\ \hline \multirow{6}{*}{_white_} & Control & 28.33 bodefg & & 24.80 abcdef & & 24.27 abcdef & \\ \cline{2-8}  & 0.5 & 27.40 bodefg & 3.29 & 23.87 bodef & 3.76 & 22.93 abodef & 5.49 \\ \cline{2-8}  & 0.75 & 25.33 cdefigh & 10.59 & 23.07 cdefigh & 6.99 & 19.33 bodefg & 20.33 \\ \cline{2-8}  & 1 & 19.67 gfighi & 30.59 & 18.47 gfigh & 25.54 & 16.80 gfighi & 30.77 \\ \cline{2-8}  & 2 & 17.67 gfighi & 37.65 & 16.13 gfighi & 34.95 & 14.87 cdefigh & 38.74 \\ \hline \multirow{6}{*}{_white-vestigial_} & Control & 23.93 cdefigh & & 23.20 cdefg & & 20.47 cdefigh & \\ \cline{2-8}  & 0.5 & 19.85 defighi & 17.08 & 18.62 fighi & 19.76 & 15.38 defighi & 24.83 \\ \cline{2-8}  & 0.75 & 17.47 gfighi & 27.02 & 15.73 gfighi & 32.18 & 16.00 gfighi & 21.82 \\ \cline{2-8}  & 1 & 15.80 hij & 33.98 & 14.73 gfighi & 36.49 & 14.33 hi & 29.97 \\ \cline{2-8}  & 2 & 11.88 j & 50.35 & 11.00 i & 52.59 & 8.59 i & 58.04 \\ \hline \end{tabular} Superscript letters are assigned based on the results of [PERSON]’s pairwise comparison test, indicating the significance levels of each value in the column obtained as a function of copper concentration and duration of exposure. The values with the highest rank are indicated, starting with the first letter “a”. Similar superscript letters indicate statistically insignificant differences between the obtained values (\(p>0.05\)). IC represents the inhibition concentration of copper proliferation.  
\end{table} 
Table 5: _Cont._Studies on mutant genotypes demonstrated that the _white-vestigial_ genotype formed significantly fewer pupae in most of the studied variants compared to the _Oregon_-R genotype, which exhibited the highest tolerance during the pupal and adult stages. Overall, the analysis of lead's effect on _D.m._ underscores the metal's significant impact on organism development and health. This emphasizes the necessity for ongoing investigations in this field and the development of effective strategies to safeguard the environment and public health. Comparative Study of Different Concentrations of Lead and Copper Toxic Effects on Drosophila melanogaster  
Comparative analysis of copper and lead toxicity unveiled significant variations in pupal formation and adult emergence. Examination of the toxicity disparities revealed that, in comparison to lead, copper displayed a more acute toxicity at both low and high concentrations (Figure 5). These discrepancies persisted across other concentrations, indicating the prevailing dominance of copper toxicity over lead toxicity. Consequently, the level of significance escalated with increasing concentration. Thus, at a concentration of 1.00 mM, copper's toxicity was significantly more pronounced (_p_ < 0.05) than lead. At 2.00 mM, the significance level escalated to \(p\) < 0.0001. These intervals were markedly different from each other (Figure 5) and also from the control. These findings underscore a more acute toxic effect of copper compared to lead. Figure 4: Effect of lead on different genotypes of _Drosophila melanogaster (D.m. )_: (**A**)—wild genotype (_Oregon_-R), (**B**)—_brown_ mutant genotype, (**C**)—_white_ mutant genotype, (**D**)—_vestigial white_ mutant genotype. Notes: The different superscript letters (a–c) indicate significant differences (_p_ < 0.05), with “a” representing the best.