# Chronic Periodontitis and Acute Respiratory Infections: A Nationwide Cohort Study
## 3 Results
### Distribution According to Acute Respiratory Infections  
The percentages of participants who were male, aged 41-50 years, and in the fifth quintile of household income among all patients with acute respiratory infections were 53.0%, 31.9%, and 28.2%, respectively. Among patients with acute respiratory infections, 58,448 (31.8%) were current smokers, and 46,219 (25.1%) had diabetes mellitus; these values were significantly different from those among patients without acute respiratory infection (\(p<0.001\)). Lastly, among all patients with acute respiratory infection, 92,867 (50.5%) had CP, which was significantly higher than that in patients without acute respiratory infections (\(p<0.001\)). The prevalence of acute respiratory infections among the study participants is shown in Table 2.  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c} \hline \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**Variables**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Crnonic Periodontitis**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Non-**} & \multirow{2}{*}{\(p\)-Value**} \\ \cline{2-2} \cline{5-6}  & \(n\) & \% & \(n\) & \% & \\ \hline \(\geq\)61 & 12,950 & 13.1 & 12,950 & 13.1 & \\ Household income 1 & & & & & \\ Low & 13,327 & 13.5 & 13,084 & 13.3 & \textless{}0.001 \\ Middle-low & 14,515 & 14.7 & 15,155 & 15.4 & \\ Middle & 18,787 & 19.1 & 19,058 & 19.4 & \\ Middle-high & 23,273 & 23.6 & 23,423 & 23.8 & \\ High & 28,588 & 29.0 & 26,770 & 27.2 & \\ Smoking status & & & & & \\ Yes & 33,402 & 33.9 & 31,432 & 31.9 & \textless{}0.001 \\ No & 65,088 & 66.1 & 67,058 & 68.1 & \\ Comorbid diseases & & & & & \\ Diabetes mellitus & 25,870 & 26.3 & 22,633 & 23.0 & \textless{}0.001 \\ Acute respiratory infections & & & & & \\ Acute upper respiratory infections & 88,262 & 89.6 & 85,900 & 87.2 & \textless{}0.001 \\ Acute lower respiratory infections & 79,828 & 81.1 & 76,434 & 77.6 & \textless{}0.001 \\ Influenza and pneumonia & 14,382 & 14.6 & 14,311 & 14.5 & 0.650 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular} \({}^{1}\) Quintles based on each household’s insurance status (with a medical aid program in the first quintile)  
\end{table}
Table 1: _Cont._  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c} \hline \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**Variables**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Total Acute**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Acute Upper**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Acute Lower**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Influenza and**} \\  & **Respiratory Infections** & **Respiratory Infections** & **Respiratory Infections** & **Precumption** & **Precumption** \\ \cline{2-6}  & \(n\) **(\%)** & \(p\)**-Value** & \(n\) **(\%)** & \(p\)**-Value** & \(n\) **(\%)** & \(p\)**-Value** \\ \hline Total & 183,972 & & 174,162 & & 156,262 & 28,693 & \\  & (100.0\%) & & (100.0\%) & & (100.0\%) & \\ Sex & & & & & & \\ Male & 97,477 & \textless{}0.001 & 90,993 & \textless{}0.001 & 79,657 & \textless{}0.001 & 13,533 & \textless{}0.001 \\  & (53.0\%) & & (52.2\%) & & (51.0\%) & \textless{}0.001 & 13,533 & \textless{}0.001 \\ Female & 86,495 & & 83,169 & & 76,605 & & 15,160 & \\  & (47.0\%) & & (47.8\%) & & (49.0\%) & & (52.8\%) & \\ Age group (years) & & & & & & \\
21–30 & 18,607 & \textless{}0.001 & 17,810 & \textless{}0.001 & 15,747 & \textless{}0.001 & 2779 (9.7\%) & 0.099 \\  & (10.1\%) & & (10.2\%) & & (10.1\%) & \textless{}0.001 & 2779 (9.7\%) & 0.099 \\
31–40 & 44,244 & & 42,174 & & 37,076 & & 5970 & \\  & (24.0\%) & & (24.2\%) & & (23.7\%) & & (20.8\%) & \\
41–50 & 58,737 & & 55,324 & & 49,366 & & 7806 & \\  & (31.9\%) & & (31.8\%) & & (31.6\%) & (27.2\%) & \\
51–60 & 37,589 & & 35,424 & & 32,601 & & 6304 & \\  & (20.4\%) & & (20.3\%) & & (20.9\%) & (22.0\%) & \\ \(\geq\)61 & 24,795 & & 23,430 & & 21,472 & & 5834 \\  & (13.5\%) & & (13.5\%) & & (13.7\%) & (20.3\%) & \\ Household income a & & & & & & \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular} \({}^{1}\) Quintles based on each household’s insurance status (with a medical aid program in the first quintile)  
\end{table}
Table 2: Demographic distribution according to acute respiratory infections.