## 4 Discussion  
In our preliminary study, the greatest upward trend in GCF secretion concerned in premolars and molars, i.e., lateral teeth in the support zones, which may be related to increased occlusal overload in this area due to clenching and grinding. In addition, patients with pathological tooth wear showed a trend toward elevated concentrations of proinflammatory interleukin-1\(\beta\), especially in incisor and premolar teeth. This may indicate an increased susceptibility of bone to remodeling in this area. The problem of bruxism is beginning to be perceived as a comorbid disease, reflected by the state and condition of the tissues of the entire stomatognathic system. In 2017, [PERSON] et al. [29] designed a prospective cohort study to answer whether bruxism is a risk factor for peri-implantation complications. On the other hand, peri-implantitis is associated with elevated levels of IL-1\(\beta\) in GCF [30; 31; 32; 33]. According to the literature, the issue of the influence of bruxism on the amount and composition of GCF is not popular among researchers. However, there are many reports on the fluctuations in GCF secretion depending on various factors. [PERSON] et al. [15] evaluated GCF secretion depending on the menstrual cycle phase. Women with no signs of periodontitis were qualified for the study. The results indicated that hormonal status changes during the menstrual cycle caused a significant increase in the amount of GCF in the periovulatory phase, but did not lead to clinically visible signs of periodontitis. Moreover, [PERSON] et al. [34] found significantly elevated GCF secretion and concentrations of contained proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1\(\beta\), IL-6, tumour necrosis factor-\(\alpha\), matrix metalloproteinase-8, and interferon-\(\gamma\)) in cigarette smokers compared to e-cigarette smokers and non-smokers, which correlated with the level of poor periodontal health status in this group. In contrast, [PERSON] et al. [35] found smaller volumes of GCF secretion and thus less gingival inflammation after the daily consumption of milk containing probiotics, but emphasised its high variogenic potential due to its high carbohydrate content and _Lactobacillus_ strain. Orthodontic treatment influence on the composition of GCF is frequently discussed in the literature. [PERSON] et al. [16] investigated the changes in GCF volume during treatment with a fixed appliance with a titanium-molybdenum arch. A slight but significant increase in GCF volume was observed, which may be a consequence of clinically imperceptible inflammation in periodontal tissues caused by the use of orthodontic forces. The subject of this research is not only the volume, but also changes in the composition of GCF. The concentration of prostaglandin E (PGE) and interleukin-1\(\beta\)--mediators of bone resorption--in GCF during orthodontic tooth movement was studied by [PERSON] et al. [36]. Increased production of PGE and IL-1\(\beta\) in treated teeth was observed in the early stages of therapy. [PERSON] et al. [37] focused on detecting the inflammatory mediators IL-1\(\beta\) and \(\beta\)-glucuronidase in adolescents who underwent rapid palate expansion using a Hyrax screw. The authors confirmed that orthodontic and orthopaedic movements trigger an appetite inflammatory process. The increase in IL-1 levels occurred both by direct and indirect applications of mechanical force to the teeth. A similar study concerning the determination of IL-1\(\beta\) concentrations in GCF from the fissure of lower incisal teeth in patients during orthodontic treatments with self-ligating braces was conducted by [PERSON] et al. [38]. Furthermore, [PERSON] et al. [39] analysed the presence of bone metabolism markers (including IL-1\(\beta\)) during orthodontic treatments with the aligner technique. There was an increased concentration of IL-1\(\beta\) on the side under the influence of orthodontic forces.