# Nano-/Microcapsules, Liposomes, and Micelles in
## 2 Spherical Nanoparticles
### Micelles
#### 2.2.3 Factors Influencing Stability and Properties  
The stability of the micelles is influenced by the structural parameters of the polysaccharides and environmental factors like pH, solution temperature, and salt ions. Specifically, intermolecular interactions such as electrostatic, hydrogen bonds, and hydrophobic interactions [82] play a significant role. The size and hydrophobicity of the polymer particles' hydrophobic region directly determine the stability of the micelles. The efficiency of micelle formation is impacted by the degree of substitution in hydrophobic polymer groups and the hydrophobic chain length. Reduction in temperature results in a decrease in micelle size and may be attributed to improved hydrophobic interactions between amphiphilic polymer chains or the weakened hydrogen bonds of water molecules to polymer hydrophilic chains. Furthermore, the temperature can impact the charge and storage of functional elements within micelles, while the existence of other ions enhances micelle stability. An increase in ionic strength results in a greater aggregation of micelles, as the surface charge of the micelles correspondingly diminishes [91]. Additionally, the solubility of hydrophobic compounds is affected by ionic strength. As the concentration of salt ions increases, the solubility of the hydrophobic component in cationic surfactant micelles also increases. This phenomenon arises due to electrostatic repulsion between the polar main groups of the surfactants, which impacts the conversion of spherical micelles into elongated micelles [92]. Micelle stability impacts the encapsulation process and delivery of functional ingredients. The stability of micelles is dictated by the dendritic architecture and the molecular weight of the polysaccharides [82]. Dendritic-polysaccharide micelles can be classified based on their stiffness, and this polysaccharide-dendritic synchronisation influences the stability and compactness of micelles, as well as the kinetics of the intracellular release of biomolecules [82]. Better stability of dendritic-polysaccharide micelles is related to the intrinsic stiffness and globular shape of the dendrimers. Lower polydispersity and longer micelle stability were observed when the molecular weight of charged polysaccharides such as chitosan, alginate, and hyaluronic acid was decreased, which is due to the high rigidity of these polysaccharides. [PERSON] et al. [82] conducted a study which demonstrated the possibility of preparing charged polysaccharide PIC (dendritic-polysaccharide polyion complex) micelles using PEG-dendritic block copolymers. The polysaccharides used were chitosan, alginate, and hyaluronic acid, and the resulting micelles were found to be more stable than those produced by linear copolymers [73]. Micelles have garnered significant interest owing to their distinct features, namely small size, effective solubilisation ability, high encapsulation efficacy, and precision-targeted release of hydrophobic bioactive agents. Thus, micelles serve as critical agents for enclosing functional ingredients to enhance their bioavailability and stability [93].