## 4 Results  
### Development of RES in Poland  
The table below (Table 4) presents the aggregated REP for the subsequent months of 2021 and the first half of 2022. In 2021, the annual REP replacement factor was 145.1 GWh  
Figure 6: Algorithm for calculating the coefficient of replacement of conventional sources by PV installations. and described 3.1% of all PV generation that year. However, in the first half of 2022, REP already amounted to 172.4 GWh and accounted for 3.7% of all PV production. It should be mentioned here that despite only 3.7% of the description of the entire PV production, REP explains the share of replacing individual sources (hard coal vs. lignite) with electricity production from PV installations. In the absence of such generation in the Polish power system, the only solution is to increase production from conventional sources (mainly thermal sources fired with hard coal and lignite). There is also a potential for importing energy from abroad, although it is limited by the possibilities of transmission networks. The chart below (Figure 7) shows the installed capacity utilization factor (PUF, Equation (2)) in photovoltaics and wind turbines in 2019-2022, with data for photovoltaics from April 2020 to June 2022. In the period of January 2019-June 2022, the aggregated annual coefficient of utilization of the installed capacity (PUF) for PV sources was 12.7%, and for wind energy it was 28.2%. Applying the previously presented forecast of the installed capacity and the utilization factor of the installed capacity in 2022, the PV should produce 10.03 TWh, which means an increase of 5.414 TWh (\(\Delta\)PV) year on year, assuming the unchanged share in the replacement of hard-coal production in relation to lignite (60.2% to 39.8%) until the end of the year. The increase in the volume of PV energy will reduce the consumption of hard coal in the commercial power industry by approximately 1.5 million Mg and 2.87 million Mg of lignite. Using the Formula (10) and the aforementioned unit emissivity, the total emissivity of coal sources, which according to the forecast will be replaced in 2022 by production from PV installations, was calculated. \[Em_{CO_{2}}=SE\cdot REPV(n) \tag{10}\]  
where:  
\(Em_{CO_{2}}\)--emission of CO\({}_{2}\), millions of tonnes; \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c} \hline \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**Period**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**REP(\({}_{\text{m}}\))**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**EL [MWh]**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Share of**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**SLG**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**SHCG**} \\  & & & & **REP(\({}_{\text{m}}\)) to** & \\  & & & **Total PV** & & \\  & & & **Generation** & & \\ \hline I.2021 & 3053 & 68,734 & 4.4\% & 39.0\% & 61.0\% \\ II.2021 & 6416 & 139,746 & 4.6\% & 44.2\% & 55.8\% \\ III.2021 & 13,981 & 301,892 & 4.6\% & 33.7\% & 66.3\% \\ IV.2021 & 21,924 & 444,143 & 4.9\% & 43.7\% & 56.3\% \\ V.2021 & 22,869 & 607,352 & 3.8\% & 48.7\% & 51.3\% \\ VI.2021 & 16,280 & 767,892 & 2.1\% & 44.5\% & 55.5\% \\ VII.2021 & 10,807 & 685,025 & 1.6\% & 37.0\% & 63.0\% \\ VIII.2021 & 12,855 & 550,577 & 2.3\% & 32.0\% & 68.0\% \\ IX.2021 & 14,156 & 471,277 & 3.0\% & 31.4\% & 68.6\% \\ X.2021 & 17,175 & 348,732 & 4.9\% & 26.7\% & 73.3\% \\ XI.2021 & 2628 & 131,120 & 2.0\% & 39.5\% & 60.5\% \\ XII.2022 & 2965 & 99,064 & 3.0\% & 29.6\% & 70.4\% \\
**2021** & **145,109** & **4,615,554** & **3.1\%** & **38.3\%** & **61.7\%** \\ I.2022 & 3370 & 134,028 & 2.5\% & 32.8\% & 67.2\% \\ II.2022 & 14,514 & 279,553 & 5.2\% & 43.3\% & 56.7\% \\ III.2022 & 38,865 & 795,474 & 4.9\% & 36.6\% & 63.4\% \\ IV.2022 & 37,801 & 845,824 & 4.5\% & 42.2\% & 57.8\% \\ V.2022 & 39,026 & 1,212,859 & 3.2\% & 45.9\% & 54.1\% \\ VI.2022 & 38,828 & 1,332,103 & 2.9\% & 33.7\% & 66.3\% \\
**I-VI 2022** & **172,404** & **4,599,841** & **3.7\%** & **39.8\%** & **60.2\%** \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 4: Monthly REP, SLG and SHCG results. \(SE\)--source emissivity, millions of tonnes CO\({}_{2}\)/TWh;  
\(REPV(n)\)--replaced volume of electrical production, TWh.