Various mobile robot systems are currently available on the market including the KMR iiwa (Kuka, Augsburg, Germany), the humanoid platforms Talos and REEM-C, as well as wheel-driven platforms with different levels of equipment (PAL Robotics, Barcelona, Spain) or the proAnt platform (ASTI Mobile Robotics GmbH, Berlin, Germany). Other providers are Omron IndustrialAutomation (Kyoto, Japan), Fetch Robotics (San Jose, CA, USA), Neobotix (Heilbronn, Germany), Robotnik (Barcelona, Spain) and DrRobot (Richmond Hill, ON, Canada). Different system concepts are conceivable for the use of robots in life science applications. The decision to use a particular system depends on a large number of factors. The most important factor is the type of processes to be automated. A precise analysis of the individual sub-steps of an overall process is required here. If only simple liquid handling steps and no special requirements regarding the process conditions are required, classical liquid handling systems in microtiter plate formats can be used. Feeding the samples onto microtiter plates is not possible for all applications. In medical-diagnostic applications in particular, it is necessary to handle individual samples in order to avoid mix-ups and contamination of the patient samples. Another important factor to consider for automation is the amount of sample to be processed. The vessel sizes as well as the volumes to be handled in the process vary depending on the amount of sample. This has a direct impact on the space requirements of an automation system. Another crucial question is the flexibility of the automation solution. Proprietary solutions that are designed and implemented for a desired application are usually inexpensive and highly effective in processing. The lack of flexibility with respect to the application or the process sequences has a disadvantageous effect. This results either in high costs for the reconfiguration of the system or the decision to shut down the system. In the life sciences sector, in contrast to classic industrial applications, this is usually not useful due to the frequently changing application requirements. Flexible systems that can be used for different processes are more cost-intensive than proprietary solutions. In particular, higher costs for the control software must be taken into account here, since a high degree of flexibility is required. If components of the automation systems are also to be used for other applications (e.g., use of a high-performance mass spectrometer both in an automated environment and in manual mode), higher-level workflow management systems are also required. Further influencing factors include the situation within the room and the financial resources available for the implementation of the automation project. These are often limited, especially in SME laboratories. In addition, the existing spatial capacities must be considered for life science laboratories; funding for the construction of completely new buildings is rarely available. Liquid handling systems are among the classic robotic solutions used in life science laboratories. They consist of Cartesian robots, which generally realize the liquid transfer between different vessels. The uniform format of the microtiter plate provides the possibility of automating the process steps as well as parallel processing of the samples. This form of sample processing has established and proven itself particularly in the field of drug development. Simple liquid handling systems can be expanded to workstations with additional modules. These often include not only heaters and shakers but also incubators, centrifuges or optical readers. The systems are equipped with additional grippers for transporting the samples. Numerous specialized workstations are available for specific applications. If the systems are also used for processing individual samples, the samples should preferably be arranged in microtiter plate format. Depending on the vessel size, 2 to 96 samples can be provided for the systems in the MTP footprint.