## 3 Results
### Digital Health--Telemedicine and Personal Digital Health
and exercise. This feature can be helpful to doctors, as it facilitates history taking and adjustments to medication and behaviours. Survival, as well as subsequent unfavourable outcomes, are dependent on physical activity, which is measured as step counts. Higher step counts were correlated with reduced risk of developing complications, while lower step counts negatively impacted survival. Physical and heart rate monitoring can indicate if patients are experiencing side effects from chemotherapy. Some pharmacological agents can have a detrimental effect on the heart, which results in bradycardia, arrhythmias (most commonly atrial fibrillation), and life-threatening tachycardias such as torsades de pointes. Wearables can detect those conditions by measuring heart rate and providing a single-lead electrocardiogram (ECG). All the health parameters measured by wearables can constitute a digital phenotype that encompasses not only the patient's vitals (heart rate, oxygen saturation) but also their health risks and shared risks with their family, friends, and neighbourhood. New wearables can also measure UV exposure (significant for patients with a history of dermatological cancers such as melanoma) and even aid in detecting glioblastoma (GBM) by wearing headbands, all of which have the potential to become part of preventive medicine. Some of the consumer devices that have the potential to aid oncological patients during and after their treatments can be included in clinical trials to outperform current use: smartwatches, smartphones, wristbands, jewellery, and headbands. Smartphones contain sensors capable of giving information about step counts, location, screen time, social interaction, and patient environment: accelerometer, gyroscope, and magnetometer. Smartwatches can measure sleep patterns, skin temperature, oxygen saturation, and heart rate, and the newer models can generate single-lead ECGs [18]. The behavioural pattern from analysing the individual's digital phenotype can help identify patients at risk of developing complications during or after treatments (surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy). Many studies on oncological patients (lung, gastrointestinal, breast, gynecologic cancers) using solely smartphone data or wearable devices data or a combination of the two proved that by measuring certain biomarkers or by establishing different behavioural patterns, patients who experience worsening symptoms could be identified (1 patient suffering from gynecologic cancer who experienced severe nausea and vomiting and whose symptoms were managed remotely) and treated faster. Decreasing daily step counts could alert physicians if patients are experiencing chemotherapy toxicity, and, as a result, earlier medical management could be implemented [8]. Decreased levels of daily step count and overall activity could also be linked to a decline in QoL, performance status, worsening health over a more extended period of time, an increase in patient-reported symptoms (fatigue, pain, diarrhoea) and an increased risk of hospitalisation, postoperative complications, and acute health events that require emergency department visits [19]. Predictors for emergency department visits are an increased resting heart rate, decreased heart rate variability, and increased step speed. In a study consisting of 37 patients with advanced cancer, an increase in daily step counts reduced the odds of inpatient medical care and mortality. Wearable devices may help patients benefit from personalised physical activity support and changes in behaviour to sustain an active lifestyle that is nonetheless linked to an improvement in QoL. The mental health of oncological patients can also be characterised by a few parameters: locations that suggest that more time spent at home or amongst family and friends can result in less anxiety and depression, while the opposite was true for greater time spent in medical facilities.