## 3 Results and Discussion
### Phytochemical Analysis
A hydroxycinnamic acid that has been identified in the extracts was isoatecoside, a compound that exhibited antioxidant activity by scavenging intracellular ROS, improving the effects of antioxidant enzymes and promoting cell survival. It also prevented H\({}_{2}\)O\({}_{2}\)-induced apoptosis [26]. Moreover, [PERSON] et al. [27] demonstrated the anti-inflammatory activity of isoatecoside _in vitro_ and _in vivo_. The underlying process might occur through modifications of the NF-kB and MAPK pathways [27]. A derivative of acetoside, leucoscoptiode A, also has a significant antioxidant activity, as indicated in the international literature [28]. Another compound, crisiliol, a flavone with various biological activities, has been identified in the plant extracts. [PERSON] et al. [29], investigated the anti-inflammatory effects of crisiliol on IL-6-induced activity. The results showed that crisiliol controls JAK2 phosphorylation to inhibit IL-6-induced cellular signaling and, therefore, can be used as a treatment for inflammatory illnesses linked to IL-6 [29]. During our analysis, an interesting bioactive flavonoid has been revealed: eupatorin, which has potent anti-inflammatory activities [30]. Moreover, eupatorin exhibits antioxidant activity against various oxidative modifications of endothelium and LDL [30]. In the ethanolic extract, isorhannetin, an O-methylated flavonol from the class of flavonoids and a metabolite of quercetin, has been identified. Isorhannetin has been reported to have various pharmacological activities, including anti-inflammation, antioxidation, and apoptosis modulation actions. In addition, it is a potent antioxidant and antiviral agent [31]. [PERSON] et al. [32] revealed the ability of isorhannetin to prevent type 2 diabetes in rats by regulating their gut microbiome. Geniposidic acid, which is classified as an iridoid glucoside, has been identified in our analysis. [PERSON] et al. [33] have demonstrated that geniposidic acid regulates autophagy and oxidative stress. In addition, this compound has antiviral activity against white spot syndrome virus replication in red swamp crayfish [34]. Apigenin, a natural product belonging to the flavone class, is also present in both studied extracts. Apigenin has numerous health benefits, including antitumor activity, protection of biological organs (heart, brain, liver, and lung), lipid-lowering action, hypotension, hypoglycemia, antioxidant, anti-inflammation, anti-osteoporosis, and immune regulation, which is useful for understanding the health benefits of apigenin-rich foods. Moreover, [PERSON] et al. (2022) have indicated that apigenin modifies the gut microbiota to treat ulcerative colitis [35]. Their study demonstrated that apigenin potentially improves the symptoms of ulcerative colitis (UC) by enhancing the intestine's biological, mechanical, and immunological barriers in UC mice [35]. Another study showed that some gut bacteria can regulate the human body when apigenin or its glycosides are absorbed by breaking them down into smaller metabolites [36]. Additionally, apigenin itself is used as a potential functional food for the prevention and treatment of several associated ailments, although considerable research needs to be done to pinpoint its precise mechanisms. Future research is still needed to determine the safety of apigenin because a high dose may cause hepatotoxicity [37]. Naringenin is a flavonoid belonging to the flavanones. Several biological activities have been ascribed to this phytochemical, among them antioxidant, antitumor, antiviral, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, anti-adipogenic, and cardioprotective effects [38]. [PERSON] et al. [39] evaluated the inhibitory effects of naringenin on ovarian cancer, and the results showed that naringenin inhibits the expression of the PI3K pathway, improves gut microbiota, and suppresses epithelial ovarian cancer. Luteolin, a common phytochemical, was found in _A. citrodota_'s extracts.