## 5 Discussion
### Comparison of SBAS-INSAR Technology Applications  
As a widely distributed geological hazard, the study of the spatiotemporal evolution characteristics of landslides is of great significance for disaster warning and prevention [24; 25].  
[PERSON] used SBAS-InSAR technology to monitor the deformation characteristics of landslides in the Three Gorges Reservoir area, with a focus on analyzing the impact of reservoir water level fluctuations and rainfall on landslide activity. There is a significant correlation between landslide deformation and changes in the reservoir water level, and rainfall is an important factor triggering landslide activity. This study emphasizes the driving effect of hydrological factors (the reservoir water level and rainfall) on landslides [26]. [PERSON] et al. applied SBAS-InSAR technology to monitor landslide activity in high mountain areas of the Italian Alps, analyzing the impact of glacier retreat and freeze-thaw cycles on landslides. It was found that glacier retreat and freeze-thaw cycles significantly intensified landslide activity, and the deformation rate was closely related to temperature changes. The research focused on the driving mechanism of landslides due to climate factors such as temperature changes and freeze-thaw cycles [27]. [PERSON] et al. used SBAS-InSAR technology to monitor the deformation characteristics of landslides along the coast of California, USA, and analyzed the impact of sea level rise and seismic activity on landslides. It was found that the sea level rise and seismic activity significantly intensified landslide activity, and the deformation rate was positively correlated with earthquake frequency. Research focuses on the combined effects of seismic activity and sea level changes on landslides [28]. [PERSON] et al. used SBAS-InSAR technology to study landslide activity in the Himalayan region, analyzing the driving effects of glacier melting and heavy rainfall on landslides. It was found that glacier melting and heavy rainfall are the main triggering factors for landslide activity, and the deformation rate significantly increases during the rainy season. Their study combines climate and hydrological factors to reveal the unique characteristics of landslides in high mountain areas [29]. [PERSON] et al. used SBAS-InSAR technology to monitor landslide activity in the Kyushu volcanic area of Japan and analyzed the impact of volcanic activity and rainfall on landslides. It was found that volcanic activity and rainfall jointly drive landslide activity, and the deformation rate significantly increases during the volcanic activity period and rainy season. Their study emphasizes the unique impact of volcanic activity on landslides [30]. All studies used SBAS-InSAR technology to successfully obtain high-precision deformation information of landslides and reveal their spatiotemporal evolution characteristics. Landslides in various regions exhibit obvious seasonal deformation characteristics, which are closely related to changes in climate or hydrological conditions. There are significant differences in the driving factors of landslides in different regions. The geological background varies in different regions, leading to different mechanisms of landslide evolution. The evolution time scale of landslides varies in different regions.  
SBAS-InSAR technology has demonstrated strong application potential in the study of spatiotemporal evolution characteristics of landslides. Although there are differences in landslide driving factors and geological backgrounds in different regions, SBAS-InSAR technology can effectively capture the deformation characteristics of landslides and reveal their spatiotemporal evolution laws. Future research can further combine multi-source data (such as meteorological, seismic, and hydrological data) to improve the accuracy and timeliness of landslide warning while strengthening the comparative study of landslide evolution mechanisms in different regions, providing a scientific basis for global landslide disaster prevention and control.