## 1 Introduction  
Gas turbines, which play an essential role in modern power generation, have several advantages that make them essential to meet global energy demands. First of all, their high efficiency, especially in combined cycle configurations, ensures optimal energy use [1]. This efficiency is coupled with a fast start-up capability, a critical feature that allows them to respond quickly to fluctuations in electricity demand, making them invaluable in complementing intermittent renewable energy sources, such as wind and solar. While they are primarily fueled by natural gas, their versatility allows them to operate with a variety of fuels and ensures flexibility in resources. This flexibility is highlighted by the compact size of gas turbines, enabling them to be strategically located close to points of consumption and minimizing transmission losses. Moreover, natural gas combustion results in lower CO\({}_{2}\) emissions than coal, which is in line with global efforts to combat climate change [2]. The cogeneration potential of gas turbines further emphasizes their efficiency, as they can simultaneously meet electricity and heating needs [3]. Technological advances continue to refine their performance, making them more environmentally friendly and operationally flexible. Economically, they require a shorter time to build and incur lower capital costs compared to some traditional power sources, ensuring cost-effective power generation. In the evolving energy landscape, with increasing emphasis on decentralization and environmental information, gas turbines remain central, and bridge the gap between conventional and renewable energy sources [4]. However, even with these undeniable advantages, gas turbines are not without their challenges. One of the main issues is that the compressors can become fouled due to particle accumulation, which leads to reduced performance [5]. In certain scenarios, airflow may reverse and compromise system integrity. During combustion, a critical phase wherein the fuel is ignited to produce energy, anomalies such as flameout or flashback may occur, compromising the safety of the system [6]. Turbine blades, exposed to harsh operating conditions, may experience erosion, Foreign Object Damage (FOD), or catastrophic failures [7; 8; 9]. Figure 1 shows the damaged turbine of the Kirkuk gas power plant. Bearings, which are essential to facilitate seamless motion, can overheat and seals may fail [10]. In addition, the lubrication system, which plays a key role in reducing wear, is vulnerable to contamination or insufficient oil circulation [11]. Also, the cooling mechanism responsible for maintaining the optimal operating temperature may encounter obstructions that lead to undesirable overheating. If the sensors send incorrect data, the control systems as well as the operations management link are disrupted. The fuel system is also not exempt from challenges. For example, issues such as clogged nozzles and poor fuel quality can prevent efficient combustion [12]. Structural integrity is another concern. In this regard, small-scale (i.e., nano and micro) cracks appear and grow in the structure due to repeated thermal cycling. Furthermore, vibrational disturbances may occur, potentially destabilizing the system. Electrical components, including generators, are also prone to failure. Failures in gas turbine power plants can lead to significant operational and economic consequences. Emergency incidents often involve operational downtime that causes potential power outages or reliance on alternate power sources. Even without a complete shutdown, efficiency is reduced, resulting in increased fuel consumption and higher operating costs. Such errors also increase maintenance costs due to necessary repairs or replacement of components. From a safety perspective, certain failures can create hazards such as fire or explosion and endanger facility personnel. Environmentally, the increase in greenhouse gas emissions due to incomplete combustion can have adverse effects.