## 6 Conclusions  
The metropolitan area of HCMC is greater than Hanoi, the capital city of Viet Nam. It is the most populous city of Viet Nam with a population of 8.2 million people. High levels of urbanization and the increasing population have put tremendous pressure on the infrastructure system, including the municipal solid waste management system. Current technologies and strategies for municipal solid waste management in HCMC are outdated, and most of the unsorted municipal wastes are being treated by incinerating or landfilling. This has led to adverse environmental impacts on air, soil, and water. Therefore, HCMC has a strong need to select and apply sustainable municipal solid waste management strategies and scenarios to minimize the negative environmental impacts of inappropriate solid waste management. The process of selecting the right biodegradable waste disposal method is complex and complicated, and it involves many criteria and factors, including public health, environmental, social, cultural, political, technological, and economic concerns. The selection of the right and proper disposal/treatment technique will not only save money and time but will also help in reducing negative environmental impacts. Due to budgetary constraints, a simple, inexpensive, feasible alternative had to be found. These considerations dominated the selection of Alternatives. However, the conditions for establishing a biogas plant are lacking. In the future, progress may be made towards full selection, but this will still require a change of attitude among the population. The construction of new landfills and the incineration of waste do not prove to be a suitable alternative, as the former requires new areas and the latter is very expensive due to the characteristics of the waste. There are great examples of the sorting of waste at source by the population in other developing countries, such as Cajica, Colombia. However, due to high rates of illiteracy and other local organizational deficiencies, this is not a suitable alternative here. The separation of the waste into two fractions (organic and non-organic) is thus the most viable option in the situation analyzed. The social acceptance of composting is very high among the population, which favors the establishment of a central composting plant. Therefore, the design of a composting center should be considered, while the development of policy should not be neglected in order to increase the awareness and selection capacity of the population. The establishment of a composting center will make it possible to produce high-quality compost that can be used efficiently also in agriculture, as they can provide controlled conditions during the processes. The material and energy savings are emphasized in the E.U. Circular Economy Action Plan, an important characteristic of the E.U. 's Green Deal policy that can also be achieved through composting. Promoting organic farming is also one of Europe's top priorities in the context of climate change, but it is becoming increasingly important around the world. Composing, the production of good quality compost, also harmonizes with the promotion of the organic sector, and it does not have harmful health consequences compared to other alternatives. Alternatives for the future use of compost produced should also be explored, as well as ways to develop policies to increase the selection capacity of the population in the fast-developing countries/cities in Asia. Thus, one of the most important conclusions of the studies is that instead of the most efficient and fastest waste-to-energy solutions in current practice, composting of organic waste leads to sustainable nutrient management and recycling in fast-developing cities. Instead of very attractive, simple and fast waste-to-energy projects, a thorough waste survey and widely implemented educational programs are needed. **Limitations**: The AHP methodology is an expert assessment that implies a degree of subjectivity in the assessment of factors.