## 4 Discussions
### The Application of Malaysia's Critical Material on Product Recycling Desirability  
Product recycling desirability is exploited after Phase 4 is completed, since that output becomes the vital input parameters. Equation (1) is used to calculate the product recycling desirability index, \(D_{Desirability}\). The desirability recycling index for the selected product considers the index of ease to disassemble the end-of-life product, and the product's material security and recycling technologies readiness index. For the Malaysian scenario, product recycling desirability is utilised for the first time after the material security score has been developed. Equations (1)-(4) on product desirability are consistent with [30] and were used to calculate \(D_{Desirability}\). For comparative purposes, a similar range of products as those analysed by [30] were used in this paper. Table 9 tabulated the results obtained for product recycling desirability based on importance for Malaysia's economy. The individual indices, in terms of the simplicity index, material security index, and recycling technology readiness index, were shown for all of the products, together with the final score of the recycling desirability index. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Rank** & **Malaysia** & **UK** & **EU** & **India** & **Australia** & **Japan** \\ \hline
1 & Palladium & Gold & Dysprosium & Strontium & Gallium & Neodymium \\
2 & Rhodium & Rhodium & Magnesium & Phosphate & Indium & Dysprosium \\
3 & Gold & Mercury & Samarium & Potash & Tungsten & Indium \\
4 & Platinum & Platinum & Gadolinium & Vanadium & Cobalt & Niobium \\
5 & Tellurium & Strontium & Rhodium & Boron & Niobium & Tin \\
6 & Ammonia & Silver & Tungsten & Barium & Manganese & Silver \\
7 & Bromine & Antimony & Neodymium & Lithium & Molybdenum & Zinc \\
8 & Indium & tin & Cerium & Chromium & Antimony & Tantalum \\
9 & Molybdenum & Magnesium & Holmium & Molybdenum & Lithium & Manganese \\
10 & Niobium & Tungsten & Lutetium & Silicon & Vanadium & Cobalt \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 8: International comparisons with Malaysia on top ten critical materials. The entire distribution of products based on recycling desirability for Malaysia is shown in Figure 2. The x-axis represents the recycling desirability index, and the y-axis represents the price of the product on the market. Noteworthy is the fact that the products distributed towards the right side of the \(x\)-axis of the chart are considered to have increasing desirability and, as a result, should be given priority to be the best candidates for recycling. For example, the car battery is the most desirable product for recycling consideration, and the wind turbine would be the least preferred for recycling. There could be an occasion where market price could be used as a second indicator for decisions. For example, both tyres and PET bottles obtained 1.92 to be the next candidates for recycling preferences, and it could be difficult to choose which one. Market price could be a second indicator at this time. As PET bottles have a lower market price, tyres would be the choice. However, this is not the only way, as other criteria could be included as well; such as the number of recycling units collected for recycling or current demand for reclaimed recyclates.