## 1 Introduction
### Literature Review  
The idea of an SH is an emerging topic in the recent research, and it has a great potential of improvement due to its diverse nature. Though the impression of SH is very attractive, it faces diverse challenges, especially associated with energy management [12; 13]. There are several studies that address the energy management system (EMS) of an SH, and a comprehensive survey of the existing literature is presented as follows:  
The application of micro-CHP systems for domestic use is reported to yield benefits such as reduced CO\({}_{2}\) emission [2], and an improved operational economy [3; 4; 5]. The study in [6] analyzes different design options of fuel cell (FC) working as micro-CHP systems in residential buildings. Developing a discrete optimization model, [PERSON] et al. reported the operation of a CHP system in [14], and showed that an increased CHP loading does not guarantee a profitable operation because yield of a CHP system is affected by the thermal to electric power ratio (\(r_{TE}\)). When the thermal power demand was higher than electrical demand at night, the CHP was operated at low value of \(r_{TE}\) (e.g., 0.8). In the day, when electricity requirement was much higher than thermal requirement, the CHP was operating at a high value of \(r_{TE}\) (e.g., 1.4 or 2.2). A model containing a battery energy storage system (BESS) and a micro-CHP system was reported in [7], and the study concluded that the system's efficiency decreases gradually as the load reduces. A review of techniques used for EV charging is presented in [11; 15]. The charging methods are broadly categorized as follows: charging without following any controlled mechanism, charging during off-peak hours, charging for the sake of peak-shaving and load factor improvement. It is observed that the first two techniques are easy to implement but result in low benefits as compared to the last two strategies. The last two methods help the power system obtain an improved voltage and frequency profile, a flattened load profile, and a better integration of RES. In [16], the impact of EVs loading on the distribution system voltage is reviewed, and a scheme is proposed to reduce the effects of EV loading. An EMS that uses the EVs as source of ancillary services to regulate the voltage profile of a power grid is proposed in [10]. An intelligent technique for EV charging is proposed in [17] where a variable tariff of energy cost is considered. A hybrid EMS based on Monte Carlo simulation is proposed in [18] for an SH with a photovoltaic (PV) and a BESS to schedule the controllable loads. A closed-form solution which addresses the scheduling of responsive loads and EV charging with uncertain departure times is provided in [19]. The benefits of the responsive nature of electric loads in grid stability and system economy are discussed in [20; 21]. The strategy proposed in [22] optimally schedules the charging and discharging times of EVs in a parking lot equipped with BESS and PV to minimize the operating cost. A combined operation of an EV with a micro-CHP system generally results in an improved economy as compared to their individual operation as reported in several studies (e.g., [23; 24; 25; 26]). Their combined operation for a typical semidetached home in two different sites of Italy is reported in [23], and results in a cost saving of up to 60% compared to their individual operation. Similarly, a model for their combined operation is proposed and evaluated using mixed-integer linear programming in [24]. This study shows that due to an improved thermal power supply rate and electric power capacity factor, this combined operation results in a better efficiency. Furthermore, the impact on annual energy consumption for their combined operation is reported in [25], and the results show an energy saving of up to 3.7% compared to their separate operation. The intermittent behavior of RES and stochastic nature of departure and arrival times of EVs pose a challenge to the power system.