###### Abstract
Ultra-short pulse laser ablation systems are technologically advanced systems capable of processing various materials at extremely high peak powers (up to a few GW) while delivering highly localized energy that enables a non-thermal ablation of even transparent and low-absorption samples with high precision and accuracy using significantly lower laser fluences compared to those employed in _ns_- or _ps_-laser processes [20]. Ultra-fast laser processing using _f_s-laser pulses offers several advantages over conventional _ns_- or _ps_-laser treatments. These advantages include significantly reduced laser-matter interaction time--to less than a picosecond, which leads to minimal heat dissipation into the surrounding bulk of the material [21; 22]. This, in turn, reduces thermal and mechanical stresses in the surrounding area [23]. These stresses can be further mitigated by decreasing the laser beam spot size. Moreover, _f_-laser interactions with materials are independent of material orientation, eliminating the need for specific sample or tool positioning prior to laser treatment. The laser beam's effectiveness in dental treatments depends solely on its optical quality and is unaffected by material-to-tool interaction, unlike in other conventional material treatment processes. _f_-_s-lasers have been found useful for the surface processing of zirconia [15; 21]. For example, [PERSON] et al. in 2022 employed 256 _f_s laser pulses to irradiate zirconia. They noted a partial transformation of the zirconia's tetragonal phase into the low-intensity monoclinic phase due to thermal effects. However, with repeated laser irradiation, there is a possibility of an additional laser-induced reverse transformation from the monoclinic phase to the tetragonal phase [24]. Notably, in instances where the zirconia surface was exposed to longer _ps_- or _ns_-laser pulse durations, the laser-irradiated regions displayed melting and partial conversion to the structurally inferior monoclinic phase [25; 26; 27]. Given the widespread use of zirconia in implant-supported crowns [28; 29] it is important to have methods to alter the surface morphology that can be controlled to a high level [30]. Using a 1030 nm, 600 _f_s laser irradiation on LD, [PERSON] et al. [31] showed that it was feasible to process LD without altering its surface composition or mechanical hardness. [PERSON] et al. [32] used an 800 nm, 150 _f_s laser radiation to alter the surface texture of alumina-toughened zirconia. They found that the process did not induce any adverse thermal side effects on the treated LD samples and preserved the tetragonal phase while reducing the monoclinic phase. Additionally, surface modifications of zirconia implants using laser processing aim to enhance roughness, wettability, and biological responses without changing the physical and chemical properties of zirconia [33; 34]. Thus, processing zirconia and LD using laser light, and potentially using ultra-short _f_s-laser light, offers advantages over conventional processes due to its ability to achieve precise material removal with minimal thermal and mechanical damage. This method allows for highly controlled surface modifications, enabling enhanced microstructural and phase stability, which are crucial for maintaining the material's mechanical properties. Additionally, _f_s-laser processing can produce fine surface textures that improve bonding strength with dental cements and other restorative materials, ultimately leading to more durable and reliable dental restorations. Nevertheless, little is known about laser interactions with emerging hybrid composite dental materials, including VITA _En_, which has ceramic and polymer phases, particularly regarding how laser parameters, such as pulse duration, wavelength, and energy density, affect their microstructure, surface chemistry, and mechanical properties.