# GIS-Based Multi-Objective Routing Approach for Street-Based Sporting-Event Routing
## 5 Conclusions  
In this study, we developed a routing model based on GIS and a genetic algorithm to solve the limitations of the planning processes for traditional street-based sporting events. In addition, we applied the process of evaluating the impact on city infrastructure through data integration in the BIM environment. We derived a GIS information system to search for routes for street-based sporting events targeting Seoul, and we defined the factors required for routing as route variables and environmental variables. We proposed and applied a routing process that obtains optimal results for a MOP by setting individual weights such that the defined factors could be applied as user parameters. It is possible for users to modify factors by adding variables or changing weights. Moreover, we confirmed that data-based impact assessment is effective through the GIS-to-BIM process. The advantage of this technique is that it helps policymakers and event planners to proceed with easy-to-understand and prompt reviews of initial venue surveys. Therefore, this approach can be employed as a decision-making system before planning a full-scale event; it is objective, quick, and efficient compared with traditional feasibility studies for initial venues. In other words, in this study, an effective integration process was implemented through the GIS-routing-BIM technical-triad framework using the methodology presented in previous GIS-routing/GIS-BIM-dyad technological-combination studies. This study suggests the possibility of implementing a more powerful and effective decision-making model when combining current GIS-based routing research with the BIM environment. In addition, the decision-making framework created through the BIM integration and routing model focused on distance-based sports events, which were not covered in previous GIS studies, can be applied not only to the Formula E World Championship but also to various distance-based sports events, such as marathons. Therefore, if the framework presented in this study is applied to future street-based events, it will support quick event-route searches and practical decision-making. However, since this study was experimentally applied to a specific city, its effectiveness was not verified through a pilot application in actual street-based sports events. In addition, the fact that only one city, Gwanghwamun, was selected for the case verification is a limitation of this study. In addition, a further limitation of this study is that it did not explore the path variables required in various distance-based sports events, such as marathons, in selecting the Formula E Championship as a representative distance-based sports event. Moreover, the impact assessment through the GIS-BIM integration was focused on demolition and restoration work, which involve physical impact. Therefore, in future research, it is necessary to collect the opinions of actual policy makers and project planners through pilot applications in real street-based sports events and, based on this, it is necessary to analyze the actual effects of this study. In addition, future research is needed to analyze the practical effects on decision making and the feasibility of conducting various impact assessments, such as a bypass-traffic-environment evaluation through a pedestrian simulation, and a traffic-congestion-impact evaluation through a traffic simulation, by linking the created BIM model with digital twin technology. Furthermore, follow-up research on optimal route-search and decision-making models considering various variables, such as pedestrians and vehicles, using the NSGA-III's MaOProute-search methodology focusing on the complex simulation results of the digital-twin model is needed. Conceptualization, Y.-J.Y. and S.-Y.K. ; methodology, Y.-J.Y. and S.-Y.K. ; software, Y.-K.L. ; validation, Y.-J.Y., S.-Y.K., Y.-J.Y., N.H. and J.-J.K.; formal analysis, Y.-J.Y. and S.-Y.K. ; investigation, S.-Y.K. and Y.-K.L. ; resources, Y.-J.Y., S.-Y.K., Y.-J.Y., N.H. and J.-J.K.; data curation, S.-Y.K.