## 1 Introduction  
The ongoing need for sustainable building solutions has spurred the search for novel materials capable of improving energy efficiency and tackling emerging issues like electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding. Traditional construction materials like cement, gypsum, concrete, and brick have long been staples in wall construction. However, recent attention has shifted towards developing materials that not only meet structural requirements but also possess thermal energy storage capabilities [1]. This focus on thermal energy storage aligns with the broader effort to enhance energy efficiency and sustainability in building practices. Moreover, the demand for buildings equipped to counteract the effects of electromagnetic waves has grown more urgent in our increasingly technology-driven surroundings. The rapid evolution of electronic devices has raised concerns about electromagnetic radiation, as it can disrupt device functionality and potentially pose risks to human well-being [2]. In light of these challenges, integrating advanced materials with diverse properties has emerged as a promising avenue toward achieving multifunctionality in building solutions. Within this context, the incorporation of phase change materials (PCMs) into building elements such as gypsum and cement boards has garnered considerable interest. This interest arises from their ability to store and release thermal energy, thereby enabling effective temperature regulation within building environments [1; 3; 4]. The cost-effectiveness and adaptability of PCM products have catalyzed inventive approaches in the construction sector. They are increasingly recognized for their ability to enhance energy efficiency and regulate thermal conditions within constructed spaces [1; 5; 6]. The adoption of these materials has been extensively studied within engineering and scientific communities. This thorough examination is primarily due to their capability to absorb and release thermal energy during phase transitions, offering a promising approach for enhancing indoor temperature management [1]. Nonetheless, the practical implementation of PCMs encounters hurdles stemming from their inherent drawbacks, including low thermal conductivity and the possibility of leakage when in a liquid state during phase transition [7]. To effectively tackle these obstacles, the adoption of a shape-stabilizing (SS) support matrix has emerged as a highly effective strategy. This matrix serves as a safeguarding enclosure for the PCM, guaranteeing its containment and stability in a molten state, particularly at higher temperatures. As a result, it prevents leakage and reduces corrosion in structural materials [8]. Porous materials based on carbon, including carbon foam, expanded graphite, graphene oxide, graphene aerogel, and activated carbon, offer an encouraging framework for the integration of functional additives such as PCMs. This integration results in enhanced thermal conductivity and electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding capabilities, offering compelling opportunities for various applications [8; 9; 10; 11; 12]. The integration of phase change materials (PCMs) and electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding additives into gypsum and cement building boards represents a significant leap forward, offering practical implications across various commercial applications. The incorporation of PCMs into building materials like gypsum boards enhances their thermal regulation capabilities by absorbing and releasing thermal energy during phase transitions, thus aiding in the regulation of indoor temperatures. This innovation leads to improved building energy efficiency by minimizing reliance on heating and cooling systems [13; 14]. Increased energy efficiency, particularly valuable in regions experiencing extreme temperature variations, is a game-changer for commercial properties aiming for higher energy efficiency ratings and potentially qualifying for green building certifications [15].