###### Abstract
Consequently, RnEs, such as PV solar panels and wind, are becoming the most important power sources for electrifying EVs and residences. Furthermore, V2H technology supports using clean energy for EVs and smart homes. V2H technology refers to transferring electricity from vehicles to the home. Several pieces of literature have explained the origins of this technology. Recently, many countries have implemented rules to reduce gas and CO\({}_{2}\) emissions to address global warming and environmental issues and to raise global energy consumption awareness. Moreover, the steady rise in oil prices necessitates the development of alternative fuel sources to reduce oil dependence [24]. As a result, electrical energy could be a viable alternative to traditional fuel sources. Furthermore, electricity is considered an extraordinary future technology due to its infrastructure readiness, safety, and reliability. However, the storage of electricity has advantages and disadvantages. Additionally, the continuous rise in fuel prices and the emerging environmental awareness motivate manufacturers to develop transportation solutions that overcome such issues. Previously, EVs were not an ideal alternative due to their weak batteries. Yet, EVs and batteries have been developed as suitable alternatives for conventional vehicles. However, the driving distance of EVs is low, and battery prices are high compared to conventional vehicles. Therefore, EVs can benefit society in many ways, explicitly and implicitly. Many electric transportation projects and the EV technology trade are in operation worldwide with rapid development [25]. For this reason, it is essential to adapt to and develop more innovations and conceptual advancements [26]. Studies have indicated that each EV battery can store up to 5-40 kWh of energy [27], which is not only used for travelling. It can also be used for V2H, V2B, and V2G applications. The study reviewed the application's characteristics, drawbacks, and pilot projects. The review revealed that V2H and V2B are easier to implement than V2G, and do not need external entities to be fully operational. Furthermore, V2H and V2B provide more apparent advantages for users. The characteristics of V2H applications are: operated at home level, are normally suitable for one EV, reduce electricity bills, provide backup power, and are easy to implement. The main drawback of V2H is that it is only suitable for single-family homes in residential blocks. Some examples of V2H pilot projects are Leaf to Home [28], Toyota Smart Home [29], and Honda Smart Home [30]. So far, Leaf to Home is the only commercially available pilot project among the three. A study utilized a battery-swapping strategy to integrate an EV into a building and this consisted of a reserve battery and solar energy [31]. The strategy supported the flexible EV exiting for the owner, even when the EV reached the building with an empty battery. The simulation indicated that the building could operate continually under the grid-tied and off-grid states. In another study, the authors aimed to decrease the domestic loads' dependence on the grid, increase the power utilization generated from rooftop PV solar panels, enhance the power supply reliability compared to the residential loads during peak periods, and decrease the energy cost of a household [32]. A V2H model based on the fuzzy inference system (FIS) was developed to manage home energy effectively and to sufficiently utilize the stored energy of EVs for residential loads. Researchers suggested an HEMS scheduling algorithm that uses V2H battery storage and solar energy to meet the load demand and execute accurate system operations [33]. The study explored the impact of V2H and PV on net power usage and home energy consumption. Four energy flow models were investigated, including green EV (GEV) charging without green PV (GPV) (Model 1), V2H charging and discharging without GPV (Model 2), GEV charging with GPV (Model 3), and V2H charging and discharging with GPV (Model 4).