## 4 Discussion  
Research on the values that society assigns to heritage has shown that it is a complex concept based on intellectual, cultural, historical, and psychological references and that it varies according to the person and time [10]. The present authors used a sociotechnical approach to comprehensively evaluate the following parameters as part of a whole system: historic buildings, users, values, thermal comfort, and energy efficiency. The findings present different understandings of the type and degree of change necessary for the maintenance (corrective or preventive), renovation, preservation, and conservation of the value and actions for the thermal comfort of a heritage building. The values assigned to the buildings were related to elements that residents were willing to change or maintain. User-assigned values need a focussed assessment in accordance with buildings' heritage meanings and cultural heritage, which are more than objects of aesthetic, architectural, and historic value [10,30]. Thus, instead of a standard approach to buildings, guidelines are needed to integrate users. In the case of Mexico City (World Heritage City), residents' attachment to buildings is strong. Values are related to the physical attributes of the buildings, but there is also family attachment. This relationship between value and feelings is explained by the preservation of original materials. The users sustain the sentimental value associated with their own memories, reinforcing the will to maintain the building for future generations. Mapping the impact of this interaction on the buildings revealed a holistic path that shows the reinforcement of values over time (aesthetic, symbolic, sentimental, and historical) and the balance created (actions, feeling, and practice) in the decision-making process. In heritage buildings, the conservation process involves the interconnection of practices, actions, needs, values, feelings, time, and materials that reinforce and balance the system. In Mexico, heritage preservation of original features becomes stronger with the values appreciated and a willingness to preserve and protect over time. The process is affected by the restrictions on the heritage area that inhibit residents from making changes for thermal comfort. The users thus used their own resources to adapt to the space, temperature, and humidity (e.g., wearing more clothes, closing windows, and blocking cold air from outside and dividing areas). These passive activities and low-cost solutions improved a sense of thermal comfort and thereby are likely to improve the historic building's energy performance, reducing the use of natural resources while preserving its value. In this case, they would deliberate on making minimal improvements in the future, such as changing the floors and ceilings' materials. Due to the buildings' original features, aesthetic value, architectural value, and cost of interventions, the residents resisted significant changes. This study illustrates the findings of a rather unique setting. It is likely, as has been shown to some extent, that there are distinct attitudes in each context. It is therefore imperative to acknowledge that a one-fit 'whole house' approach is not feasible. As was stated by [PERSON] et al. [10], efforts for a correct assessment and choice of energy-efficiencymeasures--such as a whole-house approach [9]--must consider residents' decisions on heritage conservation, thermal comfort, and energy efficiency. The final objective must balance users' needs and values comprehensively and effectively. Understanding the complexity of user decision-making processes for preservation, thermal comfort, and energy efficiency in heritage buildings is fundamental for long-term, practical applications in government management plans, where actions regarding sustainability in heritage buildings in Mexico are needed [31]. After all, the ultimate managers of the historic residential buildings are the residents themselves.