## 3 Results and Discussion
### \"Adelita\" Raspberry Cultivar Classification by Multivariate Analysis  
A hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) to evaluate the similarity among raspberry cultivars was proposed in the present study. Sample similarities were assessed based on the squared Euclidean distance, and centroid clustering was used to group the samples. In this case, the data matrix was defined as 36 objects (three repetitions for twelve samples) and fourteen independent variables (mass; length; equatorial diameter; firmness; TPC; antioxidant activity according to the DPPH, ABTS and FRAP methods; and the content of the six studied target compounds (\(\alpha\)- and \(\beta\)-ionone, linalool, kexanal, nonanal and decanal). Only twelve parameters allowed the differentiation of the \"Adelita\" cultivar and were included in the cluster analysis: mass, length, equatorial diameter, firmness, TPC, DPPH,  
Figure 3: Correlations between radical scavenging capacity measured by DPPH, ABTS and FRAP methods (\(\mu\)mol Trolox 100 g\({}^{-1}\) FW) and TPC (mg GAE 100 g\({}^{-1}\) FW). \(\alpha\)-ionone, \(\beta\)-ionone, linalool, hexanal, nonanal and decanal. As the dendrogram shows (Figure 4), similar groupings were obtained by which the 12 raspberry cultivars were clustered into two main groups when the 25-distance threshold was selected, suggesting that the \"Adelita\" cultivar could be clearly distinguished in Group 2 from the rest of the cultivars that were situated into Group 1. These parameters are very useful because if the cultivar of a raspberry sample is unknown, but information about the parameters included in the analysis is provided, it is possible to differentiate the \"Adelita\" raspberry cultivar from the other ones. Regarding the antioxidant capacity results, it is interesting to note that only the DPPH results were essential for the differentiation of the \"Adelita\" cultivar from the other ones. This fact could be related to the positive and significant correlation observed between the DPPH and TPC results. Although the FRAP results also showed similar positive and significant correlation with the TPC, their methodology requires the use of more chemicals and experimental time, so they were not included in the cluster analysis. Additionally, the absence of ABTS results in the HCA could be related to the lower significant correlation with the TPC and the results of the rest of studied antioxidant methods, as previously described in this work. The PCA applied to the twelve parameters included in the cluster analysis showed three principal components (PC) accounting for 76.8% of the total variation (48.5% PC1, 17.3% PC2 and 11.0% PC3). According to the 3D loading plot (Figure 5a), the main positive correlations with PC1 were for decanal, nonanal, hexanal, \(\alpha\) and \(\beta\)-ionone, which were related to the intrinsic volatile profile and sensory properties of raspberries. PC2 could be related mainly to the physical properties of the samples since it exhibits positive loading mainly with mass, length and equatorial diameter and negative loading with firmness. This result corroborates the result obtained for S7 in the physical analysis section, which showed the highest firmness, although its size, length and diameter were the lowest of the studied samples. Additionally, linalool was positively loaded with this PC. Finally, PC3 primarily corresponds to positive loading of TPC and the DPPH results, and is related to the antioxidant activity of the raspberries. Figure 4: Hierarchical analysis dendrogram, obtained by cluster analysis method, of raspberry samples. According to the score plot (Figure 5b), all the studied samples were divided into two groups. The Group 2 obtained by the cluster analysis was composed of the \"Adelita\" cultivar samples (S1, S9, S10, S11 and S12) and the Group 1 was composed of the other cultivars (S2, S3, S4, S5, S6, S7 and S8).