# Understanding Balance Control in the Context of Riding a Personal Mobility Device
## 3 Results
### Balance Task  
#### 3.2.1 Time-Domain Measures  
The ANOVA results showed that the target distance (MDIST: F(2, 40) = 10.81, \(p\) \(<\) 0.001, _np_2 = 0.35; MDIST\({}_{\rm{AP}}\): F(2, 40) = 4.87, \(p\) = 0.013, _np_2 = 0.20; MDIST\({}_{\rm{ML}}\): F(2, 40) = 19.20, \(p\) \(<\) 0.001, _np_2 = 0.49; RDIST: F(1.66, 33.12) = 10.29, \(p\) = 0.001, _np_2 = 0.34; RDIST\({}_{\rm{AP}}\): F(2, 40) = 5.14, \(p\) = 0.010, _np_2 = 0.20; RDIST\({}_{\rm{ML}}\): F(2, 40) = 20.65, \(p\) \(<\) 0.001, _np_2 = 0.51; MVEL: F(1.37, 27.34) = 21.04, \(p\) \(<\) 0.001, _np_2 = 0.51; MVEL\({}_{\rm{AP}}\): F(1.30, 26.07) = 11.98, \(p\) = 0.001, _np_2 = 0.37; MVEL\({}_{\rm{ML}}\): F(2, 40) = 35.51, \(p\) \(<\) 0.001, _np_2 = 0.64; AREA\({}_{\rm{CC}}\): F(1.28, 25.62) = 7.01, \(p\) = 0.009, _np_2 = 0.26; AREA\({}_{\rm{CE}}\): F(1.43, 28.67) = 13.14, \(p\) \(<\) 0.001, _np_2 = 0.40) and the interaction of the target distance and direction (MDIST\({}_{\rm{ML}}\): F(5.01, 100.20) = 2.84, \(p\) = 0.019, _np_2 = 0.12; RDIST\({}_{\rm{ML}}\): F(4.99, 99.84) = 2.91, \(p\) = 0.017, _np_2 = 0.13; MVEL: F(3.28, 65.63) = 3.33, \(p\) = 0.021, _np_2 = 0.14; MVEL\({}_{\rm{ML}}\): F(5.10, 101.91) = 3.29, \(p\) = 0.008, _np_2 = 0.14) had significant effects on the balance control. The post-hoc tests on the target distance revealed that the postural sway was significantly increased as the target distance was further increased (Table 4). Although there were no significant effects of the direction, the interaction effects were found in the ML direction measures and the MVEL. In the post-hoc tests of simple effects (Table 5), there were no significant effects of the target distance on the measures in the W direction. In a comparison of the values in the directions at distance 1, there were significant effects on the MDIST\({}_{\rm{ML}}\) and the RDIST\({}_{\rm{ML}}\) with decreasing postural sway from the left and right directions (E and W directions) to the forward directions (N, NE, and NW directions).  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c c c c} \hline \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**DV**} & \multicolumn{3}{c}{**Goal Target Distance**} & \multicolumn{3}{c}{**Goal Target Direction**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Interaction**} \\ \cline{2-10}  & **Distance 1** & **Distance 2** & **Distance 3** & **E** & **N** & **NE** & **NW** & **W** & **p-Value** \\ \hline MDIST & 0.21\({}^{\rm{A}}\) (0.01) & 0.24\({}^{\rm{B}}\) (0.02) & 0.26\({}^{\rm{B}}\) (0.02) & 0.25 (0.03) & 0.26 (0.02) & 0.23 (0.02) & 0.21 (0.01) & 0.24 (0.02) & 0.113 \\ MDIST\({}_{\rm{AP}}\) & 0.17\({}^{\rm{A}}\) (0.01) & 0.20\({}^{\rm{B}}\) (0.01) & 0.19\({}^{\rm{B}}\) (0.01) & 0.20 (0.02) & 0.20 (0.02) & 0.19 (0.02) & 0.16 (0.01) & 0.18 (0.01) & 0.482 \\ MDIST\({}_{\rm{ML}}\) & 0.09\({}^{\rm{A}}\) (0.01) & 0.10\({}^{\rm{A}}\) (0.01) & 0.14\({}^{\rm{B}}\) (0.01) & 0.11 (0.01) & 0.12 (0.01) & 0.10 (0.01) & 0.10 (0.01) & 0.12 (0.01) & 0.019 \\ RDIST\({}_{\rm{D}}\) & 0.23\({}^{\rm{A}}\) (0.02) & 0.27\({}^{\rm{B}}\) (0.02) & 0.30\({}^{\rm{B}}\) (0.02) & 0.28 (0.03) & 0.29 (0.02) & 0.27 (0.02) & 0.24 (0.02) & 0.26 (0.02) & 0.103 \\ RDIST\({}_{\rm{AP}}\) & 0.20\({}^{\rm{A}}\) (0.01) &