## 3 Results  
The EMG activity profiles using SPM {F} analysis of variance (ANOVA) of the six muscles during the pedalling cycle showed distinct patterns across the five tested positions (P1-P5), as depicted in Figure 3. In particular, the Right Tibialis Anterior (RTA) activity throughout the cycle for all positions exhibits two prominent peaks. The first peak occurs between 20% and 40% of the cycle, with the highest amplitude observed in position P3 (approximately 110 \(\mu\)V), followed by P4, P5, P1, and the lowest in P2. The second peak, occurring between 75% and 95% of the cycle, shows a similar pattern, with position P1 again demonstrating the highest EMG amplitude (approximately 85 \(\mu\)V), followed by P2, P5, P3, and P4. Statistical analysis using SnPM[F] (Kruskal-Wallis test) revealed periods of significant differences in muscle activity throughout the cycle across all the positions. Figure 2: Illustration of the data analysis procedure, where muscular activity (**A**) and SPM results (**B**) were used to generate the resulting graph (**C**). The top left graph displays individual muscle activity profiles (EMG) over the pedalling cycle (a full rank cycle). The top right graph shows the normality test results, identifying regions where the data deviates from a normal distribution, with significant differences highlighted (\(p<0.05\)). The bottom graph combines the averaged muscle activity and the SPM analysis. Significant regions identified by SPM are marked with shaded areas, and corresponding \(p\)-values are annotated in a rectangular bar at the bottom of the graph. Throughout the cycle, the Right Vastus Lateralis Obliquus (RVLO) exhibits a single major peak in EMG activity. This peak occurs between 0% and 25% of the cycle, with the highest amplitude observed in positions P1 and P2 (approximately 250 \(\mu\)V), followed by P5, P3, and the lowest in P4. After this peak, the EMG activity decreases sharply and remains low, stabilising around minimal values from 40% to 75% of the cycle. Following this period of low activity, there is a slight increase in EMG activity towards the end of the cycle, particularly noticeable in positions P1 and P2. The SnPM[F] analysis highlighted several periods of significant differences in muscle activity across the positions. Notably, these differences are evident in the initial phase (0-20%), in the middle (25-75%) and towards the  
Figure 3: Electromyographic (EMG) activity of six muscles during the pedalling cycle, comparing five different tested positions (P1–P5) using SPM [F] analysis (ANOVA). The muscles analysed include Right Tibialis Anterior (RTA), Right Vastus Lateralis Obliquus (RVLO), Right Lateral Gastrocnemius (RLG), Right Biceps Femoris (RBF), Right Erector Spinae (RES), and Left Erector Spinae (LES). The \(x\)-axis represents the time [in per cent of the pedalling cycle], while the \(y\)-axis shows EMG activity [in microvolts (\(\mu\)V)]. Solid lines depict average muscle activity, with shaded areas representing the standard deviation around the mean. Statistical Parametric Mapping (SPM) analysis results are represented by the horizontal grey bar under each graph. Significant differences between the positions (P1–P5) are marked red along the bar. end of the cycle (75-100%), as indicated by the grey-shaded regions on the statistical bar below the EMG activity plot. The Right Lateral Gastrocnemius (RLG) exhibits a pronounced peak in EMG activity between approximately 10% and 50% of the cycle. Position P4 shows the highest peak, reaching approximately 2000 \(\upmu\)V, followed by position P3 with a peak of around 1500 \(\upmu\)V. The other positions (P5, P1, and P2) display significantly lower EMG activity, remaining under 500 \(\upmu\)V throughout the cycle. Post-peak, the muscle activity in P3 and P4 gradually declines, stabilising towards the latter half of the cycle. The statistical analysis revealed significant differences in muscle activity across the positions during the whole cycle.