# Toxic Metals Migration from Plastic Food Contact Materials in Romania: A Health Risk Assessment
## 3 Results
### Heavy Metals Migration
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Type of FCA/Material** & **Testing Conditions** & **Target Element** & **Concentration (ug/kg)** & **Reference** \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{Plastic containers (\(n=60\))} & 5, 10, 20, 30 and 60 min & Pb, Sb, Cd, Co, Mn, Sn, & 0.513-1.15; 0.4888-0.669; 0.031-0.021; & \multirow{3}{*}{[4]} \\  & at 70 \({}^{\circ}\)C in 4\% acetic & As, Hg & 0.015-0.026; 0.562-0.875; 0.017-0.028; & \\  & acid & & 0.016-0.631; 0.03-0.05 & \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{Plastic food materials (\(n=30\))} & 3\% acetic acid, 24-96 h & Al, As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, Sb, Zn & 800–9630; 20; 20; 20; 20–200; 400–510; & \\  & at 23 \(\pm\) 3 \({}^{\circ}\)C & Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, Sb, Zn & \textless{}00–6630; \textless{}20–460; \textless{}20–570; & \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{PS container (\(n=1\))} & Immersion at room temperature & Al, As, Ba, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Li, Mn, Ni, Pb, Sb, Zn & 49.30; 0.11; 14; 0.012; 0.006; 6.50; & \multirow{3}{*}{[39]} \\  & Immersion at room temperature & Cu, Fe, Li, Mn, Ni, Pb, Sb, Zn & 30.40; 17; 0.64; 2.51; 8.81; 2.22; 0.08; & \\  & & Sb, Zn & 34.60 & \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{PP container (\(n=1\))} & Immersion at room temperature & Al, As, Ba, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Li, Mn, Ni, Pb, Sb, Zn & 71.40; 0.06; 7.14; \textless{}0.012; 0.006; 0.15; & \multirow{3}{*}{[39]} \\  & Immersion at room temperature & Cu, Fe, Li, Mn, Ni, Pb, Sb, Zn & & 19.60; 2.39; \textless{}0.64; \textless{}0.08; 1.86; 0.19; & \\  & Immersion at room temperature & Al, As, Ba, Cd, Co, Cr, Fe, Li, Mn, Ni, Pb, Sb, Zn & & \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{PE film (\(n=1\))} & Immersion at room temperature & Cu, Fe, Li, Mn, Ni, Pb, Sb, Zn & 135; 0.48; 22.90; 0.26; \textless{}0.006; 0.84; & \multirow{3}{*}{[39]} \\  & Immersion at room temperature & Cu, Fe, Li, Mn, Ni, Pb, Sb, Zn & 13.30; 142; \textless{}0.64; 52.80; 2.14; 3.27; 0.4; & \\  & & Sb, Zn & 685 & \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{PP plastic samples (\(n=21\))} & 4\% acetic acid & Pb, Cd, Cr, Ni, Sb, Cu, Mn & 0.27; \textless{}0.024; 0.10; 0.01; 0.06; 0.02; 0.10 & \multirow{3}{*}{[44]} \\  & Immersion at room temperature & Cu, Fe, Li, Mn & 0.02; \textless{}0.024; 0.05; 0.01; 0.01; 0.07; 0.06 & \\  & Immersion at room temperature & Cu, Fe, Li, Mn & 0.09 & \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{PP plastic samples (\(n=18\))} & 4\% acetic acid & Pb, Cd, Cr, Ni, Sb, Cu, Mn & 0.46; 0.01; 0.19; 0.04; 0.18; 0.06; 0.22 & \multirow{3}{*}{[44]} \\  & Immersion at room temperature & Cu, Fe, Li, Mn & 0.16; \textless{}0.024; 0.12; 0.03; \textless{}0.195; 0.02 & \\  & Immersion at room temperature & Cu, Fe, Li, Mn & 0.16; \textless{}0.024; 0.12; 0.03; \textless{}0.195; 0.02 & \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{PP containers and packages (\(n=21\))} & - & Pb, Cd, As & \textless{}0.011–0.28; \textless{}0.007–0.02; \textless{}0.011–0.09 & \multirow{3}{*}{[45]} \\  & Immersion at room temperature & Cu, Fe, Li, Mn & 0.09 & \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{PP containers and packages (\(n=26\))} & - & Pb, Cd, Cr, Ni, Sb, Cu, Mn & 0.46; 0.01; 0.19; 0.04; 0.18; 0.06; 0.22 & \multirow{3}{*}{[44]} \\  & Immersion at room temperature & Cu, Fe, Li, Mn & 0.16; \textless{}0.024; 0.12; 0.03; \textless{}0.195; 0.02 & \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{PP containers and packages (\(n=21\))} & - & Pb, Cd, As & \textless{}0.011–0.28; \textless{}0.007–0.02; \textless{}0.011–0.09 & \multirow{3}{*}{[45]} \\  & Immersion at room temperature & Cu, Fe, Li, Mn & 0.09 & \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{PP containers and packages (\(n=26\))} & - & Pb, Cd, As & \textless{}0.011–0.61; \textless{}0.007–0.02; \textless{}0.011 & \multirow{3}{*}{[45]} \\  & Immersion at room temperature & Cu, Fe, Li, Mn & 0.16; \textless{}0.007–0.02; \textless{}0.011 & \multirow{3}{*}{[45]} \\  & Immersion at room temperature & Cu, Fe, Li, Mn & 0. Regarding Li, the concentrations obtained in our study (<0.06-0.72 \(\upmu\)g/kg) are comparable to those reported by [PERSON] et al. (2019) [39] (<0.64). All of these values are well below the SML of 600 \(\upmu\)g/kg, set by Regulation 10 [11].