# A Framework for the Evaluation of the Cultural Heritage Information Ontology
## 4 Discussion and Conclusions
As a rule, this should be avoided because it influences structural quality through the metric _TMOnto_ (Tangledness). Concepts should ideally only have one direct superclass. To obtain additional insight into the quality of the CIDOC CRM (version 6.2 draft), the OOPS!--Ontology Pitfall Scanner [58], was used to detect pitfalls in the ontology. To each pitfall, an importance level (critical, important, and minor) is assigned:  
Critical: It is crucial to correct the pitfall. Otherwise, it could affect the ontology consistency, reasoning, applicability, etc. Important: Though not critical for ontology function, it is important to correct this type of pitfall. Minor: It is not really a problem but correcting it will make the ontology more effective. For the evaluation, the OOPS! Restful Web Service [59] was used with the adapted Java code from the DrOntoAPI [60] to automatically detect classification criteria pitfalls as defined in various scientific papers (such as COMPLETENESS, CORRECTNESS, ADAPT-ABILITY, CLARITY, etc.). The highest importance level of pitfall found in the CIDOC CRM was \"important\", as shown in Table 6.  
The OOPS!--Ontology Pitfall Scanner detected problems related to CLARITY and COMPLETENESS. The problems are closely connected to the weaknesses identified with OQuaRE. For example, P08: Missing annotations as reported by OOPS! reported 134 properties with a missing _rdfs:comment_ predicate. The missing predicate demonstrates a lack of time (or discipline) by the ontology designer. Added properties would also increase the score for _ANOnto_. As OWL uses the open-world assumption, descriptions of classes and properties should be 'closed off' where appropriate. Figure 3: Concept transformation with relationships and properties. The purpose of the development of knowledge model (ontology) for heritage buildings projects is its integration into semantic applications. Such applications (i.e., semantic web portal) enable simple, quick, and smart access to construction project information through a user's custom semantic queries. The knowledge model is a prerequisite for the automation of semantic reasoning through semantic links established inside the knowledge model. The ontology-evaluation solution presented in this paper is based on the aggregated average value of calculated ontology metrics that are general and can be used for any ontology. New research could further investigate it in two different directions:  
* To extend the interoperability sub-characteristics with additional simple metrics. * Research into ontology evaluation better tailored to different ontology types (foundational, core, domain, hybrid). Using the evaluation framework presented in this paper, future research will be focused on building an interlinked, reusable, and interoperable heritage buildings core ontology (HBCO) that can be used for the management of these assets, including interventions such as the preservation, restoration, and renovation of heritage buildings. Based on the evaluation of the CIDOC CRM, the derived ontology will result in a better organization