## 3 Results and Discussion
### Energy Consumption in Accordance with RTQ-R
However, southern orientation had the lowest energy consumption, while west obtained the best performance in this research, due to the fact that current LIHb has only one wall sheltered by earth, and different opening locations for ventilation in the facades. The total energy consumption of a residential 1.0 m deep earth-sheltered (which corresponds to an entire wall sheltered by the earth, as in this study) was reduced by about 67% (south orientation), bringing annual energy consumption to 80 kWh/m\({}^{2}\). Despite the reduction being more expressive than in this work, final energy consumption for cooling was close to that found here. In another study in the Mediterranean climate (temperate), the annual air conditioning energy demand of a prototype building with southern elevation located in Poznan (Poland) was evaluated. The building wall was installed above and completely under the ground, with 0.1 m of thermal insulation thickness on the walls. This configuration provided reductions varying from 12% to 30%, depending on the type of soil on which the building was founded, which demonstrates the soil type influence on the building performance of Bermed houses [43]. The highest reduction was obtained for the soil with similar physical and thermal characteristics to those considered in the current study. Despite of the implementation of combined adaptation measures and Bermed earth-sheltered strategy in the standard typology envelope, it is observed that the global warming projections influence the annual cooling energy demand within the spaces under study. In  
Figure 5: Annual energy consumption of the bedrooms. the 2020 future scenario, the impacts are high in the LIHe typology, varying from 28% to 32%, when compared to the base scenario, depending on the orientation. The same trend is observed for the LIHb typology, but with higher percentages, between 36% and 39%. In the 2050 scenario, the increase in energy demand exceeds 50% for all orientations when compared to the base scenario: from 64% to 70% in LIHe, and from 71% to 75% in LIHb. The projected increase in terms of percentage corroborates with previous studies conducted in cities located in other countries with the same climate type (Aw). In Darwin, Australia, the projected increase in air temperature for some emissions scenarios varied between 1.8 \({}^{\circ}\)C to 2.5 \({}^{\circ}\)C in the 2050 scenario, inducing an increment in energy consumption for cooling which varied between 40% and 80%, depending on the type of thermal insulation considered for the building envelope [7]. In Miami, The Unites States, the projected increase in air temperature in the 2050 scenario (2.52 \({}^{\circ}\)C) is similar to those predicted for Australia and lower than in the current research (3.2 \({}^{\circ}\)C). Despite having similar projections for air temperature to Australia, the possible induced increase in energy consumption for cooling is lower (between 27% and 37% in 2050 emissions scenarios), including in relation to this research [44]. In Brazil, similar projections have been observed for low-income houses deployed in regions with hot weather conditions. At Salvador (Af), the cooling energy demand is expected to increase by 30% and 46.6% in 2020 and 2050 scenarios, while at Belem (Af), 43.5% and 70.5% and, at Cuiaba (Aw), 20% and 30%, respectively [9; 12; 13]. The projection variations are attributed to the different types of passive strategies used in building envelopes. However, they are lower than those observed for the standard LIH studied in the same region, where the energy demand reaches more than double in the 2050 scenario due to its lack of adequate thermal insulation [45]. Despite the thermal load reduction, the LIHb serves as an effective passive strategy to counteract the effects of climate change, since its performance always remains superior to that of LIHe typology.