## 2 Related Research  
Some international companies conducted the exploration of wireless network clouds early in the field of terrestrial mobile communications. Through the Domain 2.0 project, AT&T began to reevaluate its business strategy and operational structure about 10 years ago [17], but eventually fell short of its intended objective of \"converting AT&T into a software service provider\". However, its network construction O&M concept is worth learning from, and key words such as \"open\", \"intelligent\", \"decoupling\", and \"network interoperability \" have been used with high frequency by operators building networks. In 2016, Facebook, Intel, Nokia, Deutsche Telekom and SKT jointly established the TIP project, whose mission is to decouple software and hardware. In terms of cloud-based wireless network solutions, in 2020 the US company Parallel Wireless announced the launch of an Open RAN-based solution in cooperation with Vodafone Ireland [17], which to a certain extent alleviates the industry's concerns about operators' lack of open interface development, IT solution integration and other necessary capabilities, including those of vCU/vDU and Open RAN Controller, which can integrate 2G/3G/4G/5G functional software and support SON and unified orchestration. International companies are already developing software-defined virtualized ground station systems for satellite communications. At MWC 2019, the European Space Agency's (ESA) SATis5 satellite-ground integration project demonstrated the combination of satellites and 5G using SDN/NFV and edge computing technologies. The new ground station platform, a virtualized product family that applies a software-defined strategy to ground stations, was unveiled by the American business Kratos on 20 October 2020. With its unique properties of being standardized, open, reconfigurable, scalable, and evolvable, Kratos' cloud-based ground station architecture enables the maximum possible decoupling between software and hardware, allowing it to continuously adjust its software capabilities to mission requirements. In addition, [PERSON] suggests a satellite network management system architecture based on SDN for the control demand of 5G satellite-terrestrial converged networks [18], which loads the network's control logic onto the satellite's SDN, optimizes the satellite network's control delay by optimizing the controller's dynamic deployment scheme, and increases the bearer plane's flexibility. [PERSON] proposed a shared satellite ground station using virtualization technology [19], and it shows great benefits compared to traditional ground stations. But it is just fit for ground stations and does not consider the limitations of LEO satellite constellations. However, there is little research on how to use virtualization technology to implement reconfigurable virtualization stations on satellite platforms. The research on virtualized reconfigurable technology has been mainly conducted for 5G base stations in China. China Mobile put forth a C-RAN wireless cloud network architecture for 5G at the end of 2016. With the introduction of the NFV architecture, processing resources can now be allocated on demand at the \"resource pool\" level to achieve multiplexing and sharing of processing resources. C-RAN provides a two-level protocol architecture based on centralized/distributed units (CU/DU) [20] on which wireless clouding can be realized. The core of this architecture is the abstraction of processing resources to decouple resources from applications. Openness on the RAN side is gaining industry acceptance in the 5G era. The O-RAN Test and Integration Center (OTIC) was established by China Mobile, China Telecom, and China Unicom in November 2019 with the goal of advancing the creation and use of 5G small base stations based on open platforms and integrating new IT industry technologies into radio access networks with the goal of assisting operators in the construction of open, agile, intelligent, and flexible end-to-end networks.