# Analysis and Design of a Diplexing Power Divider for Ku-Band Satellite Applications
## 3 Diplexing-Power Divider: Design and Performance
Then, this metal pin is soldered to the copper layer at the bottom of the second PCB layer. Figure 10 shows the measured S-parameters of the prototype, which are in good agreement with the previously presented simulated results. These acceptable results from two different solutions underscore the reliability of the proposed design. Figure 11 shows a photograph of the measurement setup with the help of a facilitated vector network analyzer (VNA) and high-frequency cables. A short, open, match load, through (SOLT) technique with mechanical kits was employed to calibrate the system for the desired frequency to achieve precise scattering parameters. In this step, a short (a piece of coaxial cable with a short circuit at the end) was connected to the VNA and performed a short calibration. Then, an open (a piece of coaxial cable with an open circuit at the end) was connected to the VNA and performed an open calibration. Finally, a load (a piece of coaxial cable with a matched impedance at the end) was connected to the VNA and performed a load calibration. In addition to the open, short, and load standards, a through calibration has been used to improve accuracy. Figure 7: Simulated S-parameters for the final duplexing-power divider. (**a**) Excitation of port 1, and (**b**) the case of exciting port 2 as the input signal source. Figure 8: Simulated electric field distribution for proposed diplexer-power divider for different frequencies. (**a**) Exiting port 1. (**b**) Exiting Port 2. Figure 9: Photograph of fabricated diplexer-power divider prototype. A comparison between various characteristics of the proposed design and previously reported results in terms of operation frequency, fractional bandwidth, insertion losses, and return losses is provided in Figure 5:0 Several techniques have been reported in the literature to design diplexing power dividers [51; 52; 53; 54]. Even though these techniques result in good performance, their bandwidth is still limited. The implementation of some of these topologies requires several band-pass filters, increasing the complexity of the design. Figure 5:1 Photograph of measurement setup. Figure 5:2 Measured S-parameters for the proposed diplexer-power divider. (**a**) Port 1 is excited. (**b**) Port 2 is excited. A Ku-band frequency power divider is used as a subsystem of a satellite for Earth observation and climate monitoring. This system can be equipped with various sensors and instruments to collect data on temperature, humidity, atmospheric composition, and other climate-related parameters from space satellites. The assigned frequency bands split the incoming and outgoing signals, which is a commercial and critical feature for satellite subsystems. The split channel enables signals from the power divider onboard to be transmitted to processing units. These units process the data in real-time to extract meaningful information, such as temperature trends, cloud cover, and greenhouse gas concentrations. Therefore, the proposed Ku frequency power divider is crucial to ensuring efficient and reliable communication between the satellite and ground stations. It allows the timely transmission of critical climate data. This is essential for monitoring and remotely sensing climate change, understanding its impact, and formulating policies to address environmental challenges.