## 4 Digitalization of MGs
### Augmented Reality  
Augmented reality (AR) is a rapidly growing technology that has found numerous applications in different fields. One area where AR can have a significant impact is in MGs. As defined before, a microgrid is a small-scale power grid that can operate independently or in conjunction with a larger power grid. The integration of AR technology into MGs can provide a range of benefits, such as improved efficiency, reliability, and safety [187; 188]. This section provides an overview of AR technology and its potential applications in MGs. AR technology is a computer-generated overlay that enhances the real-world environment with additional information. This technology works by overlaying digital information  
Figure 10: The illustration of the use of CC and its computational resources [186]. on top of real-world objects or environments. AR can be used in different ways, such as displaying text, images, or videos in a real-world environment. AR technology can be used on various devices, including smartphones, tablets, smart glasses, and head-mounted displays. The technology works by using a camera to capture the real-world environment and display the digital overlay on the device's screen [189]. AR technology can provide several benefits in MGs. The following are some of the potential applications of AR in MGs [190; 191; 192; 193; 194]:  
_Remote Monitoring and Maintenance:_ AR technology can be used to remotely monitor and maintain microgrid equipment. With AR, maintenance technicians can view a digital overlay of the equipment's components and identify issues without having to be physically present. This can save time and money while also reducing the risk of accidents. _Training and Education:_ AR technology can be used to provide training and education to microgrid operators and technicians. By overlaying digital information on top of the real-world environment, AR can provide a more immersive and interactive learning experience. AR can also be used to simulate different scenarios, allowing operators and technicians to practice and develop their skills in a safe and controlled environment. An example picture for virtual training is shown in Figure 11. While Figure 11a shows the virtual training environment, Figure 11b depicts the real-life counterpart of the same environment. In that instance, the operator must deal with an energized transformer while in a small place. The workforce can receive interactive training with real-time feedback, imitating difficulties and random cases, without endangering their safety, by mimicking this dangerous task. _Fault Detection and Diagnosis:_ AR technology can be used to detect and diagnose faults in microgrid systems. By overlaying digital information on top of the real-world environment, AR can help operators and technicians identify the root cause of a fault quickly. This can lead to faster repairs and reduced downtime. _Optimization of Microgrid Operations:_ AR technology can be used to optimize microgrid operations. By overlaying digital information on top of the real-world environment, AR can provide real-time information about the microgrid's performance. This information can be used to optimize the microgrid's operation, leading to improved efficiency and reduced costs. While AR technology has several potential applications in MGs, there are also several challenges and limitations to its use [188; 189; 191]. The challenges and limitations of AR in MGs can be summarized as follows. AR technology can be expensive, and implementing it in a microgrid system may not be cost-effective for smaller systems. The cost of AR hardware and software can be a significant barrier to adoption. In addition, it can be complex and require specialized knowledge to operate effectively. Operators and technicians may require training to use AR effectively, and the technology may not be accessible to all users. Figure 11: Virtual training example of a microgrid operator: (**a**) virtual environment; (**b**) real environment [195].