# A Review of Worldwide Strategies for Promoting High-Temperature Heat Pumps
## 4 The Promotion of IHPs over the World
### China
This law mandates that renewable power generation projects obtain administrative permits, with open tendering for multiple applications [81]. Approved projects are guaranteed grid connections, and their output can be sold to grid companies at prices set by the State Council's price authorities. Grid operators can recover associated costs through their selling prices. Additionally, producers of gas and heat from RESs that meet urban pipeline standards are assured access to these pipelines. By providing a comprehensive regulatory environment, this law creates a robust foundation for deploying HPs and other renewable energy technologies [81]. Since 2011, China's Five-Year Plans have started to prioritize the transformation of the heating sector, initially focusing on reforming the metering system in northern urban areas. The focus then expanded to include energy-saving measures, emissions reductions, and the utilization of clean energy [82]. China's heating policies, introduced in 2013, initially aimed to improve air quality, especially in the north. By 2017, the focus expanded to clean and low-carbon heating, promoting a fuel shift from coal to gas and electricity. Policies included clean winter heating strategies and the replacement of coal in households in specific regions by 2020. Since 2020, policies have encouraged the use of waste heat, HPs, clean biomass, RESs, and CHP generation [45]. The 14 th Five-Year Plan (2021-2025) set targets for improving energy and carbon intensity per unit GDP by 13.5% and 18%, respectively. In 2020, China announced goals to peak carbon emissions by 2030 and achieve carbon neutrality by 2060, followed by sectoral blueprints, including a plan for the buildings sector aiming for an electrification rate of 55% by 2025 and 65% by 2030. Action plans for industry promote energy savings and decarbonization [14]. The \"Plan for Carbon Peak Action by 2030\" includes heating considerations for the Hot Summer Cold Winter (HSCW) zone, promoting the integration of industrial waste heat and renewable energy into urban heating systems, and phasing out coal-fired boilers. HPs in Chinese buildings have a combined capacity of over 250 GW, expected to grow to 1400 GW by 2050 in the Announced Pledges Scenario (APS). China is projected to remain a top HP market, accounting for more than 25% of global sales and capacity by 2050, and, in particular in the HSCW area, air-to-air HPs are expected to dominate the market by 2050 [83]. In Beijing, gas boilers for space heating are banned in new public buildings, and the installation of HPs or hybrid systems is required [45]. Table 4 recaps the main measures adopted in China to boost decarbonization and innovative technology. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{p{113.8 pt} p{113.8 pt} p{113.8 pt} p{113.8 pt}} \hline \hline
**Promotion Programs** & **Characteristics** & **Investment** & **Reference** \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{National Energy Conversation Law} & The primary goal is to reduce energy consumption across all sectors. It also incorporates a strategy to integrate energy conservation and efficiency in all sectors of the economy. The Law implemented specific policies to target energy-intensive industries. It also forbids the construction of new coal-fired thermal generation units & - & [79] \\ \cline{1-1} \cline{2-4}  & Renewable Energy Law & It establishes a regulatory framework to promote RESs in China. It guarantees support to projects that implement RESs & - & [81] \\ \cline{1-1} \cline{2-4}  & China’s Five Years Plan 2011–2015 & It specifically prioritizes the transformation of the heating sector & - & [82] \\ \cline{1-1} \cline{2-4}  & The 14 th China’s Five Years Plan 2021–2025 & It sets targets to improve energy intensity by 13.5% per unit GDP and the carbon intensity per unit GDP by 18\% & - & [84] \\ \cline{1-1} \cline{2-4}  & The Plan for Carbon Peak Action & It promotes the integration of industrial waste heat and RESs in the urban heating systems.